Title: COCA-1W-1W2

Word: finale
Front: finale
[fɪˈnɑ:li] (宝 9784/10366 -1)
Vocabulary: finale
(once / 1925 pages)
n
If you decide to leave the theater early to beat traffic, you’ll miss the finale — the exciting final part of a theatrical performance.
Perhaps to ensure that audience members stay until the end, many musical and theatrical pieces end with an elaborate flourish known as the finale. (If it’s truly spectacular, it might even be called a “grand finale.”) Appropriately, the pronunciation of finale contains a final flourish that you just can’t miss: the letter e, which you might expect to be silent, is pronounced. The last two syllables of finale rhyme with alley.
WORD FAMILY
finale: finales
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lions: Falling to Packers twice, especially in season finale to lose NFC North title.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police haven’t released details of her role in the incident Sunday afternoon during the Vikings’ season finale against the Chicago Bears.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium in Minneapolis during the Minnesota Vikings’ season finale against the Chicago Bears.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. [乐]终曲; 结局，大团圆; 最后一场，最后乐章; 尾声
分布：结局(72%)，终曲(28%)
→来自final, 最后的。用于音乐名词。
结局,终曲(fin+ale表示音乐类→终曲)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
【记】final（adj 最后的）
【反】open scene（开局；开幕）
noun countable usually singular
■the last part of especially a musical or theatrical performance, which is often very exciting or emotional （尤指音乐或戏剧表演高潮性的）结尾，终曲，终场
• All the dancers come on stage during the grand finale. 在高潮性的大结局时所有的舞者都上了台。
• figurative What better finale to her career than this extravagant gesture? 还有甚么能比这个大动作更好地为她的职业生涯划上句号呢？
n. 结局；终曲；最后一场；最后乐章；尾声
 - conclusion, outcome, ending

Word: heading
Front: heading
[ˈhedɪŋ] (研四六雅 9765/3662 -1)
Vocabulary: heading
(once / 493 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A heading is a word, phrase, or sentence at the beginning of a written passage that explains what it's about. A heading is very similar to a title.
A heading is similar to a caption, a line below a photograph that briefly explains it. Headings show up at the top of paragraphs, chapters, or pages, and they give you an idea of what the subject is. You might write a heading for each chapter of your novel, or on each page of your French club newsletter. The 1300's meaning of heading was "beheading," and it wasn't until the late 1800's that it came to mean "title."
WORD FAMILY
heading: headings, subheading+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/headship: headships/ heady: headier, headiest, headily/ overhead: overheads/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nelson Coates, a production designer, recalls heading there after watching Sept. 11 footage on the news.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The team was heading to play in the first of two matches in the final of the Copa Sudamerica, South America’s No. 2 club tournament.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Despite these storms, Mr Temer has kept Brazil heading in the right direction.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 标题，题名; 信头; [航]航向; 斩首
v. 用头顶(head的现在分词)
分布：标题(67%)，航向(24%)，题目(8%)，动词head的现在分词.(1%)
标题[head=head,表示"头"]
n.标题The heading is "Headline of Headlong Pleadings".标题为"仓促答辩状的摘要".
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■words written or printed at the top of a text as a title 标题
n. [计] [图情] 标题；（足球）头球； [通信] 信头
 - title, titel

Word: vigor
Front: vigor
['vɪgə] (研六托 9655/-)
Vocabulary: vigor
(once / 148 pages)
n
If your new puppy runs all over the house, jumps on the furniture, and enthusiastically chews up your socks, you may congratulate yourself on your new pup's vigor, or lively sense of energy.
Aside from mental or physical vitality, the noun vigor can be applied to an imaginative style of thought or expression and also to a forceful intensity. "The jury was not only willing to acquit the defendant, but also nominate him for sainthood, by the time his attorney had delivered, with vigor, an impassioned plea for his client's innocence."
WORD FAMILY
vigor: vigorous, vigors+/ vigorous: vigorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
But her campaign is still percolating with vigor, now recalibrated to revise the election narrative.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In this year’s presidential contest, Obama campaigned with more vigor and, at times, with arrogance.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Then it might communicate with equal vigor but much less slack.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. <美>（法律上的）效力; 智力; （语言等的）气势; （动，植物的）强健
分布：活力(89%)，精力(11%)
精力[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】读：伟哥，吃了以后有精力。
【反】lassitude（n 疲乏）；torpor（n 迟钝）；lethargy（n 无生气）
n. [生物] 活力，精力
 - energy, vitality, spring, steam, razzamatazz

Word: scarcity
Front: scarcity
[ˈskeəsəti] (六宝 9799/15257 -1)
Vocabulary: scarcity
(once / 1411 pages)
n
If there is a cupcake scarcity in your kitchen, there are hardly any cupcakes around, and you're not sure that any will be appearing any time soon.
The noun scarcity comes from the adjective scarce, which means "restricted in quantity or availability." So scarcity is the state of there being very little of something. During a war when shipping gets interrupted, there might be a fuel scarcity, pushing people to carpool or ride bikes instead of driving. If you're in a room full of super boring people, you might say there's a scarcity of good conversation.
WORD FAMILY
scarcity: scarcities+/ scarce: scarcely, scarceness, scarcer, scarcest, scarcity
USAGE EXAMPLES
The recent scarcity of tech offerings is likely to work in Snap’s favor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In addition, there was no explosion upon impact, pointing to a scarcity of fuel.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Officials also noted that there was no explosion upon impact, pointing to a scarcity of fuel.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 不足，缺乏; 稀少; 萧条
分布：缺乏(53%)，不足(38%)，缺少(9%)
→scarce,缺少的，小足的，-ity,名词后缀。
【记】源于：scarce（adj 罕见的）＝scar伤疤＋ce死：因为伤疤而死－罕见的
【反】plethora（n 过剩；多血症）；superfluity（n 额外；奢侈品）；myriad（n / adj 无数的）
US ['sker.sə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when something is not easy to find or get 缺乏；不足；短缺
• the scarcity of skilled workers 缺乏熟练工人
shortage, absence, scarcity, lack, want
这组词都有“缺乏，不足”的意思，其区别是：
shortage: 指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。
absence: 指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。
scarcity: 指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。
lack: 普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。
want: 指完全或短缺某物，侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。
n. 不足；缺乏
 - shortage, short of, deficiency, insufficient, need

Word: darkened
Front: darkened
['da:kənd] (9767/12220 -1)
Back: v. 变暗，转黑
分布：动词darken的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)，昏黑的(50%)
ADJ
(建筑物或房间)黑暗的，漆黑的
A darkened building or room has no lights on inside it.
例：He drove past darkened houses.他开车经过黑着灯的房子。
adj. 变黑的，没有灯光的
 - blackened

Word: stiffen
Front: stiffen
[ˈstɪfn] (四六托 9758/9112 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变硬，（使）强硬; 使绷紧; 使猛烈; 使粘稠
时态：stiffened, stiffening, stiffens
分布：使坚定(52%)，变为浓粘(16%)，使强硬(16%)，使 ... 坚硬(16%)
→stiff,硬的，僵硬的，-en,使。
verb
FIRM 僵硬
intransitive
■to become firm or more difficult to bend 变僵硬；变得不易弯曲
• Beat the cream until it begins to stiffen (= become firm). 将鲜奶油搅至稠糊状。
• His body stiffened in fear. 他吓得身体发僵。
['stɪf.ən] verb
LESS RELAXED 拘谨
intransitive
■to become less relaxed and more formal 变生硬，变得拘谨
• She stiffened when her former husband walked into the room. 她的前夫走进房间时，她变得拘谨起来。
['stɪf.ən] verb
MORE SEVERE 更严厉
intransitive or transitive
■to make something stronger or more difficult 加强；（使）变得严厉；（使）变得艰难
• These events have stiffened our resolve to succeed. 这些事件增强了我们争取成功的决心。
• Penalties for selling illegal drugs have been stiffened. 对贩卖毒品的处罚加重了。
• Stiffening competition in the market has led to a reduction in the company's profits this year. 市场日趋激烈的竞争导致公司今年利润下降。
vi. 变硬；变猛烈；变粘
 - harden
vt. 使变硬；使粘稠
 - callus

Word: quarry
Front: quarry
[ˈkwɒri] (托雅宝 9794/4807 -1)
Vocabulary: quarry
(once / 790 pages)
1n 2nv
Both meanings of quarry have to do with going after something. An animal being hunted is called quarry, and when you dig a hole in the earth looking for rocks, both the digging and the hole are called quarry as well.
Gross fact: Quarry derives from the Latin cor "heart," because hunters used to drape the entrails of their chosen quarry on their dogs' backs. The origin in a word for "heart" can help you remember both quarries: a rock quarry is searching down toward the heart of the earth; a stag's heart is considered a hunter's greatest prize.
WORD FAMILY
quarry: quarried, quarrier, quarries, quarrying+/quarrier: quarriers/quarrying: quarryings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the 19th century, pastoral windmills were replaced with tanneries, limestone quarries, and dye works.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Police say her vehicle was discovered Sunday at Dorset Quarry.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Police say her vehicle was discovered Sunday at Dorset Quarry next to Vermont Route 30 on Sunday.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 采石场; 猎物; 正方形，菱形; 来源
vt. 挖出; 努力挖掘
vi. 费力地找
时态：quarried, quarrying, quarries
分布：采石场(73%)，挖出(11%)，来源(8%)，苦心找出(4%)，猎获物(2%)，被追逐的目标(2%)
→来自拉丁语quadrare,给石头打磨，使成（四）方形，词源同four,square,quarter.引申词义石头打磨声，采石场。quarry 猎物
采石场(quar采石,来自aquare创始人)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
【记】为了quarry，大家会quarrel（n /v 吵架）
US ['kwɔ:r-] noun
HOLE 坑
countable
■a large artificial hole in the ground where stone, sand, etc. is dug for use as building material 采石场
• a granite/limestone/marble/slate quarry 花岗岩/石灰岩/大理石/板岩的采石场
UK ['kwɒr.i] US ['kwɔ:r-] noun
HUNTED 被猎捕的
only singular
■a person or animal being hunted or looked for 猎取的目标；猎物；追捕的对象
• The dogs pursued their quarry into an empty warehouse. 那几只狗追逐着猎物进了一个空置的仓库。
UK ['kwɒr.i] US ['kwɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to dig stone, etc. from a quarry 采石
n. [矿业] 采石场；猎物；来源
 - source, provenience
vt. 挖出；努力挖掘
 - dig up, scoop out

Word: pediatrician
Front: pediatrician
[ˌpi:dɪə'trɪʃn] (9782/-)
Vocabulary: pediatrician
(once / 9649 pages)
n
A pediatrician is a doctor who specializes in the care of children. When a sick child goes to visit the pediatrician, often there are toys and other things to play with in the waiting room.
The word pediatrician has only been in use since the turn of the 20th century. Some people also use the word pediatrist to mean the same thing — a doctor who specializes in treating children ranging from newborn babies to adolescents. Pediatricians study pediatrics, both of which stem from a form of the Greek pais "children." The remainder of the word comes from the Greek iatros "healer."
WORD FAMILY
pediatrician: pediatricians+/ pediatric: pediatrics / pediatrics: pediatrician, pediatrist/pediatrist: pediatrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wassermann’s father was a professor, his mother a pediatrician.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She secured false identification papers to help them avoid capture by the Nazis, and found medical care for children through a friendly pediatrician.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
One year ago, during her routine sports physical before freshman year, her pediatrician heard a heart murmur and sent Davis to see a cardiologist.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 小儿科医师
分布：小儿科医师(100%)
→pedo-,儿童，-iatric,治疗，词源同psychiatry,podiatry,-ian,人。即儿科医生。
noun countable mainly US for paediatrician

Word: uninsured
Front: uninsured
[ˌʌnɪnˈʃʊəd] (9783/34662)
Back: adj. 未保险的
分布：未投过保险的(100%)

Word: incompetent
Front: incompetent
[ɪnˈkɒmpɪtənt] (托宝 9777/9501 -1)
Vocabulary: incompetent
(once / 1170 pages)
adjn
If you are incompetent, you are not able to complete a task, like if you only ever made peanut butter and jelly sandwiches — you would be incompetent in the kitchen of a fancy French restaurant.
Someone who is not very good at getting a job done is incompetent. An incompetent salesperson can't sell anything. A learned professor may be quite incompetent when it comes to controlling a room full of rowdy pre-schoolers. Legally speaking, you can be declared incompetent if you do not have necessary qualifications, like being certified or licensed to do a certain job, like cut hair or fix cars.
WORD FAMILY
incompetent: incompetence, incompetency, incompetently, incompetents+/ competence: competences/ competency: competencies/ competent: competence, competency, competenter, competently, incompetent / incompetence: incompetences/incompetency: incompetencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Twitter, Douthat wrote, “I’d rather risk defeat at my enemies’ hands than turn my own cause over to a incompetent tyrant.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Then Matthews, uncharacteristically, falls silent, because full attention must be paid to Firth and his adorably incompetent proposal.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
In June a judge declared Betwell was incompetent and ordered him to undergo treatment.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 无能力的; 不胜任的; 不适当的
n. 无能者; 不胜任者
分布：不称职的(69%)，无能力的(19%)，不能胜任的(8%)，没有能力的人(4%)
无能的(in无+competent有能力的)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
【记】competent（adj 有能力的；胜任的）
US [-'kɑ:m.pə.tˌənt] adjective
■not having the ability or skill to do something as it should be done 无能力的；不胜任的
• an incompetent teacher/doctor 不称职的教师／医生
• He has described the government as corrupt and incompetent. 他形容政府是腐败无能的。
UK [ɪn'kɒm.pɪ.tənt] US [-'kɑ:m.pə.tˌənt] noun countable
■someone who does not have the ability or skill to do something as it should be done 无能力的人；不胜任的人，不称职的人
• The country's being governed by a bunch of incompetents. 这个国家目前由一群无能之辈统治着。
insufficient, inefficient, incompetent, ineffective
insufficient: 不充分的
inefficient: 效率低的
incompetent: 不胜任的
ineffective: 无效果的
adj. 无能力的，不胜任的；不合适的；不适当的；无力的
 - unable, weak, unhappy, inadequate, wrong

Word: harness
Front: harness
[ˈhɑ:nɪs] (研四六托雅宝 9768/8482 -1)
Vocabulary: harness
(once / 519 pages)
nv
A harness is a set of straps that are put on a horse so it can be hitched to a wagon or a carriage. The harness distributes the effort across larger sections of the horse's body.
Other animals and people can also wear harnesses. Your dog might have a harness for walking, with the leash attaching to the harness and not the collar, keeping the dog from choking itself when it pulls. People wear harnesses for safety, when climbing trees or bungee jumping, for example. As a verb, harness means to control or direct as if with a harness for a specific purpose, the way solar power harnesses the power of the sun.
WORD FAMILY
harness: harnessed, harnesses, harnessing, unharness+/unharness: unharnessed, unharnesses, unharnessing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cognitive behavioral therapy also harnesses the effectiveness of verbalizing positive thoughts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But the people at the Postal Service were not the first to harness the power of the song.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Alongside public appearances, Sanders also set up the “Our Revolution” organization, which aims to harness the energy that the Vermont senator’s presidential bid created.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 马具，挽具; 背带; 系带
vt. 利用; 给（马等）套轭具; 控制
时态：harnessed, harnessing, harnesses
分布：利用(57%)，马具(11%)，控制(11%)，安全带(10%)，管理(5%)，披上甲胄(2%)，甲胄(2%)，束以马具(1%)，系在身上的绳子(1%)
→来自古法语harnois,武器，装备，可能来自herr,军队，词源同harry,here,拼写受名词后缀-ness影响俗化。后由于战马的重要性引申词义马具，换具，以及动词词义控制马或其它家畜，现多用于指控制和利用自然。
v.治理,利用n.马具,挽具I overhear that the hearty man heartily yearns for my harness in the barn.我无意中听说那个热忱的人十分向往我的牲口棚中的马具.
【反】failed to utilize/ not able to utilize（无法利用）
US ['hɑ:r-] noun countable
■a piece of equipment, with straps and belts, used to control or hold in place a person, animal or object 挽具；系带
• a safety harness 安全带
• a baby harness 婴儿学步用的系带
• a parachute harness 降落伞吊带
UK ['hɑ:.nəs] US ['hɑ:r-] noun countable
be back in harness
■to have returned to work after being away for a period of time 回到工作岗位
UK ['hɑ:.nəs] US ['hɑ:r-] noun countable
in harness with
■working together to achieve something 与…合作
UK ['hɑ:.nəs] US ['hɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to put a harness on a horse, or to connect a horse to a vehicle using a harness 给（马）上挽具
■to control something, usually in order to use its power 控制；利用…的动力
• There is a great deal of interest in harnessing wind and waves as new sources of power. 人们对开发利用风和波浪这些新能源非常感兴趣。
vt. 治理；套；驾驭；披上甲胄
 - keep on top
n. 马具；甲胄；挽具状带子；降落伞背带
 - saddlery, coat of mail

Word: dissipate
Front: dissipate
[ˈdɪsɪpeɪt] (研六托雅宝 9775/11497 -1)
Vocabulary: dissipate
(once / 623 pages)
1v 2v
Dissipate means "disperse" or "fade away" — as a bad smell will dissipate (usually) if you wait long enough.
Dissipate can also mean “spend or use wastefully.” If you win the lottery, you might suddenly find yourself with a group of new friends encouraging you to dissipate your money (on them). Note that dissipate can be used with or without an object: "Once you dissipate your wealth, your new group of friends will dissipate without a trace."
WORD FAMILY
dissipate: dissipated, dissipates, dissipating, dissipation +/ dissipated: dissipateder, dissipatedly/ dissipation: dissipations
USAGE EXAMPLES
If some of these inclinations suggest a West Coast flavor, it is dissipating.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But that quickly dissipated as the teams started rolling up points.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But that quickly dissipated as the teams started rolling up points.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 驱散; 使消散; 浪费，挥霍; 耗尽
vi. 消散; 放荡，挥霍
时态：dissipated, dissipating, dissipates
分布：消散(50%)，驱散(26%)，浪费(11%)，放荡(7%)，挥霍(5%)，散去(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-sip, 扔，分散。引申词义挥霍，浪费。
v.驱散;(使云,雾,疑虑等)消散;挥霍Don't dissipate your efforts.不要浪费你的精力.
【记】dis向四面八方，sip（v 呷小口的喝）－到处吃喝－浪费
【参】dissipated（adj 沉迷于酒色的；消散的）＝indulging
【反】accumulate（v 积累）；gather（v 聚集）；amass（v 收集）
['dɪs.ɪ.peɪt] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) gradually disappear or waste （使）逐渐消失；（使）逐渐浪费掉
• The heat gradually dissipates into the atmosphere. 热量逐渐消失在大气中。
• His anger dissipated as the situation became clear. 随着局势的明朗，他渐渐消了气。
vt. 浪费；使…消散
 - lose, spend
vi. 驱散；放荡
 - to break up, sow one's wild oats

Word: tow
Front: tow
[təʊ] (研六托雅 9000/9914 -2)
Back: vt. 拖，拉; 牵引
n. 拖曳的行为或情况; 被拖曳的某物; [印，纺]落纤，短麻屑
时态：towed, towing, tows
分布：拖(66%)，拉(18%)，牵引(11%)，拽(3%)，拖绳(2%)
→来自古英语 togian,拖，拉，来自 Proto-Germanic*tugojanan,拖，拉，来自 deuk,拖，拉， 词源同 duct,tie.引申诸相关词义。
vt.(用绳,链等)拖(车,船等)n.拖,牵引Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
US [toʊ] verb transitive
■to pull a car, boat, etc. along, using a rope or a chain tied to another vehicle or boat 拖，拉，牵引（车、船等）
• You shouldn't drive fast when your car is towing a caravan. 汽车在拖动活动住房时不能开快车。
• The road was closed while the vehicles that had been involved in the accident were towed away/off. 在发生交通事故的车辆被拖走时，这条道路被封闭。
• The damaged boat was towed to safety. 受损船只被拖至安全区。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] tow sth away
■to lift a vehicle that has been parked illegally onto an official truck and take it to a place from which you have to pay to collect it 拖走（违规停放的车辆）
• You're not allowed to park here - your car will be towed away. 这里不准停车——你的车会被拖走的。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
give sb/sth a tow
■to pull someone's vehicle using a rope or chain tied to your vehicle 拖，拉
• When my car broke down, a police car gave me a tow to the nearest garage. 我的车抛锚后，一辆警车把我的车拖至最近的汽车维修站。
on tow UK (US in tow) (Australian also under tow)
■being pulled along 被拖着
• The car in front of us is on tow - that's why we're going so slowly. 我们前面的那辆车是被拖着走的——这就是我们的车开得这么慢的原因。
• The damaged boat drifted for days before it was finally taken in tow. 这条受损的船漂流了几天，终于被拖走。
UK [təʊ] US [toʊ] noun
in tow informal
■If you go somewhere with a particular person in tow, they are with you 带着；有…紧跟在后
• She arrived at the party, with a tall, silver-haired man in tow. 她来参加派对时带着一个高个子银发男子。
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖； [纺] 麻的粗纤维；拖曳所用之绳
 - pull, drag
vt. 拖；牵引；曳
 - pull, trail

Word: leftover
Front: leftover
[ˈleftəʊvə(r)] (高 9769/22683 -1)
Back: adj. 剩余的; 未用完的; 吃剩的
n. 剩余物; 残羹剩菜
分布：残留物(40%)，残余的(33%)，剩饭(27%)
→即留下的。
US ['lefˌtˌoʊ.vɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes part of something that has not been used or eaten when the other parts have been 剩下的，留下的
• some leftover curry from last night's meal 昨天晚餐剩下的一些咖哩饭
UK ['leftˌəʊ.vər] US ['lefˌtˌoʊ.vɚ] noun
leftovers [plural]
■food remaining after a meal 剩饭，剩菜
• This recipe can serve four easily, and the leftovers are just as good eaten cold. 这份食谱足够四人享用，剩下的可作冷食。
n. 残留物；吃剩的饭菜；剩余物
 - remain, residuum
adj. 残余的；吃剩的
 - remanent, vestigial

Word: mahogany
Front: mahogany
[məˈhɒgəni] (9785/8143 -1)
Back: n. 桃花心木，红木; 赤褐色，红褐色; 餐桌; 搀蜜的杜松子酒
分布：红木(51%)，桃花心木(41%)，赤褐色(5%)，红褐色的(3%)
→来自西班牙语mahogani,可能最终来自南美土著语。
US [-'hɑ:.gən-] noun uncountable
■a dark red-brown wood used to make furniture （造家俱用的）红木，桃花心木
• a handsome mahogany desk. 美观大方的红木书桌
n. 桃花心木， [木] 红木；红褐色
 - sipo, rosewood

Word: publicize
Front: publicize
[ˈpʌblɪsaɪz] (研托宝 9776/15269 -2)
Vocabulary: publicize
(once / 4092 pages)
v
When you publicize something, you let the whole world know about it. The president might hold a press conference to publicize a new policy, or you might use Facebook to publicize your new relationship status.
To make something very widely known, or to make an official announcement about it, is to publicize it. Companies publicize new products and sale prices, and politicians publicize the missteps and bad policies of their opponents. The verb publicize was first used at the beginning of the twentieth century, combining public, with its Latin root of publicus, "of the people, common, or general," and the verb-making suffix ize.
WORD FAMILY
publicize: publicized, publicizer, publicizes, publicizing+/ public: nonpublic, publically, publicise, publicity, publicize, publicly, publics, semipublic/publicise: publicised, publiciser, publicising/ publicist: publicists/ publicity: publicist, publicities/publicizer: publicizers/semipublic: semipublicly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, she chose to publicize that which most stars try to hide.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Organizers say they haven’t publicized the route for security reasons.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Carolina announced a delay on Twitter about 15 minutes before the scheduled start time of 7 p.m., then publicized the postponement around 8:45 p.m.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 宣传; 推广; 宣扬; 传播
时态：publicized, publicizing, publicizes
分布：宣传(68%)，公布(26%)，广告(6%)
→来自public,公众的，公开的，-ize,使。
宣传(public公开的)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】源于：public（n 公众；公共场所；adj 公众的）
(UK usually publicise) ['pʌb.lɪ.saɪz] verb transitive
■to make information about something generally available 公布；宣传
• Attitudes seem to be changing as a result of recent highly publicized cases of sexual harassment. 由于最近的几宗性骚扰案件受到连续报道，大众的看法似乎正在转变。
• The event was well publicized all over town. 这件事在全城传得沸沸扬扬。
• The work of the charity has been widely publicized throughout the media. 慈善组织的工作获得媒体的广泛宣传。
vt. 宣传；公布
 - post, give publicity to

Word: drizzle
Front: drizzle
[ˈdrɪzl] (托宝 9773/14321 -1)
Vocabulary: drizzle
(once / 2743 pages)
nv
Drizzle is a very light rain shower. You might grab an umbrella before you head out for a walk in the drizzle.
When the weather report calls for drizzle, you know it's going to be a damp day, although you might leave your galoshes and rain suit at home. Drizzle is heavier than mist, but just a bit — and you can use it as a verb, too: "It's supposed to drizzle this evening, but our picnic is still on." The word drizzle stems from the now-obsolete drysning, "a falling of dew," from the Old English drēosan, "to fall."
WORD FAMILY
drizzle: drizzled, drizzles, drizzling, drizzly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Divide between four shallow bowls and top each serving with a warm salmon fillet, skin side down, and a drizzle of the cooking juices.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s fantastic drizzled over fresh leafy greens, broad beans, or cooked, chilled fingerling potatoes.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
The storm is moving south and began drizzling on Southern California Thursday evening.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 下蒙蒙细雨，下毛毛雨
n. 蒙蒙细雨，毛毛雨
时态：drizzled, drizzling, drizzles
分布：细雨(79%)，下毛毛雨(19%)，细雨般地洒下(2%)
→词源同drip, 滴。引申义小雨，毛毛雨。
【记】读：追走：能追上走的，但又不是跑，因为下的是drizzle，而不是deluge读：追揍！在drizzle中追着揍李宏志！
【参】drizzly（adj 下毛毛雨的）形容词
【反】deluge（n 洪水；豪雨）
noun
RAIN 雨
uncountable
■rain in very small light drops 细雨，零星小雨，毛毛雨
• Tomorrow will be cloudy with outbreaks of rain and drizzle. 明天多云，有阵雨和零星小雨。
['drɪz.l] noun
LIQUID 液体
only singular
■a small amount of liquid that is lightly poured over something 洒落某物的少量液体
• Serve the pasta hot with a drizzle of olive oil. 趁热在义大利粉上淋些橄榄油即可上桌了。
['drɪz.l] verb
POUR 倾倒
transitive
■to pour liquid slowly over something, especially in a thin line or in small drops 缓慢地倾倒，细细地滴洒
• Drizzle the syrup over the warm cake. 在热蛋糕上洒些糖浆。
['drɪz.l] verb
RAIN 雨
intransitive
■to rain in small light drops 下细雨，下毛毛雨
• It 's been drizzling all day. 蒙蒙细雨下了一整天。
n. 细雨， [气象] 毛毛雨
 - mizzle, drow

Word: wallpaper
Front: wallpaper
[ˈwɔ:lpeɪpə(r)] (9797/7957 -2)
Back: n. 壁纸，墙纸
vt. 用（或好象用）壁纸盖住
vi. 糊墙纸
时态：wallpapered, wallpapering, wallpapers
分布：壁纸(96%)，贴壁纸(3%)，添加墙纸(1%)
US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] noun
WALL 墙壁
countable or uncountable
■a thick, often decorative, paper used for covering the walls and sometimes ceilings of a room 墙纸，壁纸
• a roll of wallpaper 一卷壁纸
• We thought we'd put up/hang some wallpaper in the children's bedroom to make it brighter. 我们觉得可以在孩子们的卧室里贴一些壁纸，使屋子显得更明亮些。
• I saw a wallpaper today that would be just right for the bathroom. 我今天看到了一种壁纸，正适合用来装饰浴室。
• We'll need some wallpaper paste and a big brush. 我们需要一些糊墙纸的浆糊和一把大刷子。
UK ['wɔ:lˌpeɪ.pər] US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
uncountable specialized
■a design or image that you choose to appear on the desktop (= main) screen of your computer （电脑）桌面背景
UK ['wɔ:lˌpeɪ.pər] US ['wɑ:lˌpeɪ.pɚ] verb transitive
■to put wallpaper on the walls of a room 贴上壁纸
• We've wallpapered the bedrooms. 我们已经给卧室贴上了壁纸。
n. [建] 壁纸，墙纸
 - papering

Word: fatality
Front: fatality
[fəˈtæləti] (9771/14481 -1)
Vocabulary: fatality
(once / 2352 pages)
n
If you hear on your car radio that there has been a traffic accident up ahead with one fatality, you should be very thankful you were not involved. A fatality is, quite simply and grimly, a human death.
You will often hear fatality used in conjunction with the aftermath of a disaster, natural or otherwise. For example, a news broadcaster may say, "We have received reports of at least one fatality as a result of the storm." Fatality has its roots in the Latin word fatalis, meaning "decreed by fate." When it comes to fatality, being in the wrong place at the wrong time can certainly be ill-fated.
WORD FAMILY
fatality: fatalities+/ fatal: fataler, fatalest, fatalism, fatality, fatally, nonfatal/ fatalism: fatalisms, fatalist, fatalistic / fatalist: fatalists/ fatalistic: fatalistically/nonfatal: nonfatally
USAGE EXAMPLES
No Americans were believed to be among the fatalities.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
McKinney Police said they “working the scene of a fatality plane crash.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Four cars were involved in the crash; Morris was the only fatality.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 灾祸; 死亡（事故）; 宿命; 致命性
分布：死亡(74%)，致命性(13%)，灾祸(7%)，天命(6%)
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■a death caused by an accident or by violence, or someone who has died in either of these ways （事故或暴力事件中的）死亡，死者
• Britain has thousands of road fatalities (= deaths on roads) every year. 英国每年死于交通意外的人数以千计。
• The first fatalities of the war were civilians. 战争中首当其冲丧命的是平民百姓。
n. 死亡；宿命；致命性；不幸；灾祸
 - death, disaster, end, evil, dying

Word: burden
Front: burden
[ˈbɜ:dn] (高研四六托 2665/2696 -3)
Vocabulary: burden
(once / 129 pages)
1nv 2n
Getting hired as the assistant to a pastry chef seemed like a dream come true. But one week and 100 cupcakes later, it’s become a hard-to-bear burden accompanied by a permanent stomachache.
Burden is one of those words that doubles as a noun and a verb. Defined as something you carry or withstand with much difficulty when used as a noun, and as the act of weighing down, overloading, or oppressing when used as a verb, it’s a word with a negative charge. Now that you know what it means, you’re equipped to make sure you don’t take on unnecessary burdens (getting pressured into always carrying your neighbor’s groceries upstairs), or become one yourself!
WORD FAMILY
burden: burdened, burdening, burdenless, burdens, burdensome, disburden, overburden, unburden+/ burdensome: burdensomely, burdensomeness/disburden: disburdened, disburdening, disburdens/overburden: overburdened, overburdening, overburdens/unburden: unburdened, unburdening, unburdens
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she said allowing such communities to fall below the citywide climate targets simply shifts the burden.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And while poverty creates burdens for all kinds of schools, when it occurs in densely concentrated neighborhoods, it’s harder to overcome, Funk said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When the burdens of modern life weigh people down, a huge life change is tempting.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 负担，包袱; 责任，义务; 载货量; （诗歌，发言等的）重点
vt. 使烦恼，劳累; 向（车，船等）上装货
时态：burdened, burdening, burdens
分布：负担(77%)，责任(15%)，烦扰(3%)，装载(2%)，使负重(1%)，主题(1%)，装载量(1%)
→来自bear, 承担，承载。
n.担子,重担,负担vt.给予负担或麻烦Banned murders in the suburb bring turbulent disturbance and burden to the urban turbine works.在郊区被禁止的谋杀给都市透平工厂带来汹涌骚乱和重负.
US ['bɝ:-] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a heavy load that you carry 负荷，重负
• The little donkey struggled under its heavy burden. 小毛驴驮着重物艰难前行。
■something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about 负担，重担
• the burden of responsibility 责任的重担
• My elderly mother worries that she's a burden to me. 我年迈的母亲担心她成为我的拖累。
• Buying a house often places a large financial burden on young couples. 买房子往往会让年轻夫妇背上沉重的经济负担。
UK ['bɜ:.dən] US ['bɝ:-] noun countable
the burden of proof legal
■the responsibility for proving something 举证责任
UK ['bɜ:.dən] US ['bɝ:-] verb transitive
■to trouble someone with something difficult or unpleasant 负担，重担
• I don't want to burden you with my problems. 我不想拿我的困难烦扰你。
burden, load, cargo
这组词都有“负担，负荷”的意思，其区别是：
burden: 指沉重、令人不快的负担；指精神负担时常有不堪忍受的意味。
load: 普通用词，含义广泛，指人、畜、车、船等负载的东西，指精神负担时，可与burden换用，但无感情色彩。
cargo: 指用轮船、车辆或飞机长距离运载的货物。
n. 负担；责任；船的载货量
 - liability, duty, weight, strain, trust
vt. 使负担；烦扰；装货于
 - eat, bother

Word: obscene
Front: obscene
[əbˈsi:n] (六托雅 9798/8634 -1)
Vocabulary: obscene
(once / 1584 pages)
adj
Obscene describes something that is morally offensive in a sexual way. It's never a good idea to use obscene language at school.
Certain films, books, magazines, and other forms of entertainment are considered obscene because they portray sex in a very frank way that some people find vulgar and lewd. Obscene material, language, and jokes are considered taboo in polite society. Obscene can also be used to describe something repulsive — like when your friend ate an obscene number of snails at the Bastille Day bash.
WORD FAMILY
obscene: obscenely, obscener, obscenest, obscenity +/ obscenity: obscenities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obscene content, on the other hand, is much muddier.
Salon(Nov 24, 2016)
"There is nothing obscene or vulgar about my view that religious beliefs are subject to individual interpretation."
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
“Trump has made some pretty obscene comments about guns,” Lafferty told me.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 淫秽的; 下流的; 猥亵的; 大得惊人的
分布：猥亵的(53%)，淫秽的(47%)
→来自拉丁语obscenus,冒犯的，来自obscaena,舞台后面，ob-,在上，在后面，-scaen,舞台，来自skei,分开，词源同shed,segment,proscenium.原指古希腊时期在表演不堪入目的情节时，只在舞台后面发出声音，而不在舞台上表演。后由该词引申词义淫秽的，下流的。
adjective
 ADVANCED
■offensive, rude or shocking, usually because too obviously related to sex or showing sex 猥亵的；淫秽的；下流的；粗俗的
• In the raid, police found several boxes of obscene videotapes. 警方在这次突击搜查中发现了几箱淫秽录影带。
• He was jailed for making obscene phone calls (= ones in which unwanted sexual suggestions were made to the listener). 他因拨打色情骚扰电话而入狱。
• obscene language/graffiti 下流的语言／涂鸦
■morally wrong, often describing something that is wrong because it is too large 伤风败俗的；骇人听闻的；令人震惊的
• to make obscene profits 伤风败俗的；骇人听闻的；令人震惊的
• The salaries some company directors earn are obscene. 有些公司董事的薪水高得令人咋舌。
adj. 淫秽的；猥亵的；可憎的
 - salt, coprological

Word: visibly
Front: visibly
[ˈvɪzəbli] (9780/9682)
Back: adv. 显然，明显地
分布：明显地(58%)，看得见地(42%)
adverb
■in a way that can be noticed; obviously 看得见地；引人注目地，显著地
• The Princess, visibly moved, kept her head bowed during the ceremony. 公主显然被感动了，在仪式上一直低着头。
adv. 明显地；显然；看得见地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, markedly, evidently

Word: oxide
Front: oxide
[ˈɒksaɪd] (研六雅 9787/8269 -1)
Back: n. [化]氧化物
分布：氧化物(100%)
→来自oxygen和acide的合成词。并由该词衍生后缀-ide,化合物。
n.[化]氧化物To abide the abiding bidding, the oxide bidder strides on the seaside.为了忍耐无休止的吩咐,氧化物投标者在海滨阔步行走.
US ['ɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical combination of oxygen and one other element 氧化物
• iron oxide 氧化铁
• an oxide of copper 一种铜的氧化物
n. [化学] 氧化物
 - oxyde

Word: bulge
Front: bulge
[bʌldʒ] (雅宝 9786/9928 -1)
Vocabulary: bulge
(once / 1269 pages)
vn
To bulge is to stick out, making a bump called a bulge. A leak in the roof might make your ceiling bulge, and a giant feast could make a bulge over your waistband.
The word bulge comes from the Old French word bouge for "wallet.” A full wallet makes a bulge in a guy’s back pocket. Bodybuilders' muscles bulge out of their bodies. A pimple is a tiny bulge on your skin. For the record, Battle of the Bulge isn’t a diet plan. It was a battle in World War II. Americans called it the Battle of the Bulge because of the way the Allied front line bulged inward.
WORD FAMILY
bulge: bulged, bulges, bulging, bulgy+/bulging: bulgingly/bulgy: bulginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our artificial tree bulged outward from one corner of the living room, its not-quite-forest-green branches weighted ridiculously with lights and tinsel and garland and ornaments.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Robert Curtis, during the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The most imposing drawings are two large ones that bulge outward, mimicking the silo’s rounded shape.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 膨胀; 凸出部分; 暴涨，突增
v. 膨胀; 凸出; 急增
时态：bulged, bulging, bulges
分布：膨胀(78%)，暴增(14%)，充满(8%)
→词源同ball, 膨胀，鼓起，球。
【记】读：爆炸－膨胀，鼓起，突起的状态
【区】budge（v 让步）budget让一个t出来。bilge（n 船底），bill钞票，ge搁，把钞票搁在船底来走私。
【反】depressed region（凹陷的地方）
verb intransitive
■to stick out in a round shape 凸起，鼓起
• Her bags were bulging with shopping. 她的袋子鼓鼓的，装满了买来的东西。
[bʌldʒ] noun countable
■a curved shape sticking out from the surface of something 凸起；鼓起
• I wondered what the bulge in her coat pocket was. 我想知道她上衣口袋里鼓鼓的是甚么东西。
■a sudden increase that soon returns to the usual level 暂时的激增；突然上涨
• There was a bulge in spending in the early part of the year. 年初时开支曾出现突然上涨。
n. 胀；膨胀；凸出部分
 - expansion, inflation
vt. 使膨胀；使凸起
 - expand, plim
vi. 膨胀；凸出
 - fill, swell with

Word: coercion
Front: coercion
[kəʊˈɜ:ʃn] (宝 9770/12174)
Vocabulary: coercion
(once / 2625 pages)
n
Coercion is making something happen by force, like when bullies use coercion to make kids give them their lunch money.
Coercion can be a threat, "The shady lawyer uses coercion when he threatens to get the waiter fired if he doesn't rat out his boss," or it can be actual brute force, as when the gangster breaks the messenger's leg to keep her from talking to the police. The police might use coercion, too, to get a confession. The prefix co- is derived from the Latin word for "together." So you can't use coercion on yourself; you need someone else to force into doing something.
WORD FAMILY
coercion: coercions+/ coerce: coerced, coerces, coercing, coercion, coercive /coerced: uncoerced/ coercive: coercively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Psychological coercion is central to how an abuser maintains their power and yet there persists the focus on physical violence.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Security officers used a variety of coercion tactics.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms Choi is currently in custody, facing charges of coercion and abuse of power.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 强迫; 高压政治; 强制; 威压
分布：强迫(73%)，高压政治(20%)，威压(7%)
US [koʊ'ɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■the use of force to persuade someone to do something which they are unwilling to do 强迫，逼迫
• He claimed the police had used coercion, threats and promises to illegally obtain the statement. 他声称警方曾用威逼、恐吓和承诺的方法来非法获取供词。
n. 强制；强迫；高压政治；威压
 - enforcement, constraint, compulsion

Word: locale
Front: locale
[ləʊˈkɑ:l] (宝 9800/22664)
Vocabulary: locale
(once / 7705 pages)
n
A locale is the specific place where something happens. If you dream of a trip to some tropical locale, Hawaii, Belize, and Costa Rica might all be on your wish list.
When you choose a locale for a big sci-fi convention, you need to make sure there's enough room for all the participants. And when you decide on a locale for an intimate party, you might stick to a cozy spot like your own living room. Locale comes from the French local, and it was originally spelled the same way. The e was eventually added to encourage correct pronunciation, with the emphasis on the last syllable.
WORD FAMILY
locale: locales
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spokane, Washington, native said the locale contributed to his decision, as well as personal reasons, including a family illness.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The remaining mom-and-pop stores are more able to reflect the desires of their customers in their locales.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
At the suggestion of Ang Lee, he agreed to shoot in Taiwan, a less expensive locale than Japan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （事件发生的）场所或地点
分布：现场(56%)，场所(44%)
→来自locus,所在地，地方。
[lə'kɑ:l] formal
noun countable
■an area or place, especially one where something special happens, such as the action in a book or a film （尤指书籍或电影中的）故事发生地，场景
• The book's locale is a seaside town in the summer of 1958. 书中所讲的故事发生在1958年夏天的一个海滨小镇。
n. 场所，现场
 - site, ubication

Word: reimbursement
Front: reimbursement
[ˌri:ɪm'bɜ:smənt] (9788/16584)
Vocabulary: reimbursement
(once / 7976 pages)
n
A reimbursement is a repayment for money you've already spent. When you travel for work, you get a reimbursement for your work-related expenses, like hotel bills and plane tickets, but you'll have to pay for that trip to the circus yourself.
Reimbursement comes from the Latin root words re, meaning again; in, meaning into; and bursa, meaning purse. So the word reimbursement literally means in a purse again. After your parents' basement flooded, they paid to repair the damage and then got a reimbursement from the insurance company, so that they could put the money they spent in their purse again.
WORD FAMILY
reimbursement: reimbursements+/ reimburse: reimbursed, reimbursement, reimburses, reimbursing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first indictment charges O'dom with three counts of insurance fraud and three counts of wire fraud relating to reimbursements he sought from private insurers.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Foose wants to hire more minorities, she says, and the system offers programs such as tuition reimbursement and scholarships for aspiring teachers from low-income families.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The reductions in uncompensated care are largely being offset by reductions in federal Medicare reimbursement, said Sauer and other executives.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 退还，偿还; 补偿; 赔偿
分布：偿还(46%)，偿付(28%)，赔偿(26%)
N-VAR
赔付;偿付;赔偿
If you receive reimbursement for money that you have spent, you get your money back, for example because the money should have been paid by someone else.
例：She is demanding reimbursement for medical and other expenses...她正在索赔医药费和其他花费。
例：It can take up to six months before reimbursements are paid.最长要等6个月才能得到赔付。
n. 退还，偿还；赔偿
 - satisfaction, payment, repayment

Word: diocese
Front: diocese
[ˈdaɪəsɪs] (9791/7398 -1)
Back: n. 主教管区，教区
分布：主教教区(100%)
→来自希腊语dioikesis, 管理，dia-,穿过，整个的，oikos, 家，屋子，词源同villa, economy. 即一家之主，用于指主教辖区。
['daɪ.ə.sɪs] (plural dioceses)
noun countable
■in the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican (= Church of England) church, an area controlled by a bishop （罗马天主教或英国国教的）主教辖区

Word: tracking
Front: tracking
['trækɪŋ] (7843/18671)
Back: n. 跟踪
v. 跟踪( track的现在分词 ); 跟踪摄影; 留下（脏）足迹; 追随（潮流等）
分布：跟踪(99%)，动词track的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
小道;小径
A track is a narrow road or path.
例：We set off once more, over a rough mountain track.我们沿着一条崎岖的山间小路再度出发。
N-COUNT
跑道;赛道
A track is a piece of ground, often oval-shaped, that is used for races involving athletes, cars, bicycles, horses, or dogs called greyhounds.
例：The two men turned to watch the horses going round the track.那两个男人转身观看赛马沿赛道而行。
例：...the athletics track.田径跑道
N-COUNT
铁轨;轨道
Railway tracks are the rails that a train travels along.
例：A woman fell on to the tracks.一名女子摔倒在铁轨上。
N-COUNT
(CD、唱片或磁带上的一首)歌曲，乐曲
A track is one of the songs or pieces of music on a CD, record, or tape.
例：Graeme Naysmith has produced two of the ten tracks on this album.格雷姆·内史密斯创作了这张专辑十首歌中的两首。
N-PLURAL
足迹;踪迹
Tracks are marks left in the ground by the feet of animals or people.
例：The only evidence of pandas was their tracks in the snow...熊猫活动的唯一迹象是它们留在雪地上的足迹。
例：McKee suddenly noticed tire tracks on the bank ahead.麦基突然注意到前方岸边的轮胎痕迹。
VERB
跟踪;追踪
If you track animals or people, you try to follow them by looking for the signs that they have left behind, for example the marks left by their feet.
例：He thought he had better track this wolf and kill it...他认为最好跟踪这只狼，杀了它。
例：I followed him, tracking him in the snow until finally he got tired.我跟着他，在雪地里追踪他，直到他最终体力不支。
VERB
(以卫星、雷达等)追踪…的动向
To track someone or something means to follow their movements by means of a special device, such as a satellite or radar.
例：Our radar began tracking the jets...我们的雷达开始追踪喷气式飞机的动向。
例：Forecasters are also tracking hurricane Josephine.气象预报员也在追踪飓风“约瑟芬”的动向。
VERB
追踪调查;探究
If you track someone or something, you investigate them, because you are interested in finding out more about them.
例：If it's possible, track the rumour back to its origin...如果可能，应追查谣言的源头。
例：The player is being tracked by Juventus.该选手正为尤文图斯队所追踪关注。
N-COUNT
(同等年龄、能力的孩子组成的)班级，班组
In a school, a track is a group of children of the same age and ability who are taught together.
VERB
把(学生)按能力分班(或组)
To track students means to divide them into groups according to their ability.
例：Students are already being tracked.学生已经按能力分班了。
PHRASE
掩盖行踪;隐匿身份(或活动)
If someone covers their tracks, they hide or destroy evidence of their identity or their actions, because they want to keep them secret.
例：He covered his tracks, burnt letters and diaries...他掩盖形迹，烧毁了信件与日记。
例：The killer may have returned to the scene of the crime to cover his tracks.凶手可能曾回到犯罪现场掩盖自己的罪行。
PHRASE
占优势;处于有利地位;了解内情
If you say that someone has the inside track, you mean that they have an advantage, for example special knowledge about something.
例：Denver has the inside track among 10 sites being considered...丹佛在 10 个被考虑的地点之中具有优势。
例：As an agent, you may have an inside track when good deals become available.作为代理人，一旦有划算的买卖你恐怕能近水楼台先得月。
PHRASE
跟上…的进展;掌握…的最新消息
If you keep track of a situation or a person, you make sure that you have the newest and most accurate information about them all the time.
例：With eleven thousand employees, it's very difficult to keep track of them all...对于一支 1.1 万人的员工队伍，很难及时了解到所有有人的动态。
例：It's hard to keep track of time in here.在这里很容易忘了时间。
PHRASE
跟不上…的进展;不再掌握…的最新情况
If you lose track of someone or something, you no longer know where they are or what is happening.
例：You become so deeply absorbed in an activity that you lose track of time...你会因过于专注某项活动而失去时间概念。
例：It's so easy to lose track of who's playing who and when.很容易就忘记谁要和谁比赛，什么时候比。
PHRASE
(匆匆)离开
If you make tracks, you leave the place where you are, especially when you are in a hurry.
例：We'd better make tracks soon, hadn't we?我们最好马上就走，不是吗？
PHRASE
在正确的轨道上
If someone or something is on track, they are acting or progressing in a way that is likely to result in success.
例：It may take some time to get the British economy back on track...要使英国经济重新回到正轨可能需要一段时间。
例：David put me back on track…戴维让我重新回到了正轨。
PHRASE
追踪;追查;探究
If you are on the track of someone or something, you are trying to find them, or find information about them.
例：He was on the track of an escaped criminal...他正在追踪一名逃犯。
例：The research institute is on the track of what causes the artery damage.研究所正在探究动脉损伤的诱因。
PHRASE
循着正确/错误的路线;在正确/错误的道路上
If you are on the right track, you are acting or progressing in a way that is likely to result in success. If you are on the wrong track, you are acting or progressing in a way that is likely to result in failure.
例：Guests are returning in increasing numbers — a sure sign that we are on the right track...回头客越来越多了——这显然表明我们的路走对了。
例：We need a convincing win to put us back on the right track…我们需要一场令人信服的大胜，以重回正轨。
PHRASE
(使)突然止步，突然停下
If someone or something stops you in your tracks, or if you stop dead in your tracks, you suddenly stop moving because you are very surprised, impressed, or frightened.
例：This magnificent church cannot fail to stop you in your tracks…这座宏伟的教堂一定会让你止步赞叹。
例：They stopped in their tracks and stared at him in amazement…他们突然停下，惊讶地盯着他。
PHRASE
(使)立即停止，立即中断
If someone or something stops a process or activity in its tracks, or if it stops dead in its tracks, they prevent the process or activity from continuing.
例：Francis felt he would like to stop this conversation in its tracks…弗朗西斯觉得他应该立即打断这一谈话。
例：U.S. manufacturers may find the export boom stopping dead in its tracks.美国制造商将会发现出口热戛然而止。
n. 追踪， [计] [电子] 跟踪
 - pursual
v. [计] [电子] 跟踪（track的ing形式）
 - backtracking

Word: ventilation
Front: ventilation
[ˌventɪ'leɪʃn] (托 9805/7996)
Vocabulary: ventilation
(once / 2564 pages)
n
Ventilation is when you let fresh air into a place, or air a room out.
If you've ever been in a stuffy, hot room and said, "Someone open a window!" you know what it meas to need ventilation. Ventilation airs out an indoor space by letting fresh air in and stale or smelly air out, and it's more effective if you open several windows on opposite sides of the house or building. A fan in the window can also aid ventilation. The root word is the Latin ventulus, "a breeze," which comes from ventus, "wind."
WORD FAMILY
ventilation: ventilations+/ hyperventilate: hyperventilated, hyperventilates, hyperventilating, hyperventilation/ vent: vented, venter, ventilate, venting, vents/vented: unvented/venter: venters, ventral /ventilate: hyperventilate, ventilated, ventilates, ventilating, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory/ventilated: unventilated/ventilator: ventilators/venting: ventings/ ventral: ventrally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The stories elicited pushback from the industry, leading to legislative actions, including rules to require ventilation at all New York state nail salons.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It is a six-hour journey, and the hospital’s aging ambulances are not equipped with proper ventilation systems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There the Metropolitan Transportation Authority finished building a $180 million emergency ventilation plant.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 空气流通; 通风设备; 通风方法; 公开讨论
分布：通风(93%)，通风设备(6%)，公开讨论(1%)
通风,换风[vent=wind,表示"风"]
US [-əl'eɪ-] noun uncountable
■the movement of fresh air around a closed space, or the system which does this 通风（设备）；空气流通（系统）
• Her tiny attic room had poor ventilation and in summer it became unbearably stuffy. 她那小小的阁楼房间通风非常不好，到了夏天就闷得要命。
• a ventilation system 通风系统
n. 通风设备；空气流通
 - ventilating device

Word: ensuing
Front: ensuing
[ɪn'sju:ɪŋ] (9789/8744)
Vocabulary: ensuing
(once / 1205 pages)
adj
If you go snowboarding in a leotard, prepare for an ensuing cold. Ensuing means "coming right after, or as a result of something that happened."
Ensuing is the adjective form of the verb ensue, which comes from the Old French ensuivre, which means "following in." We usually use it to show cause and effect. Blame your for entrepreneurial friend taking bets in the lunchroom for the ensuing crackdown on employee gambling. An ensuing event happens right after its cause. If a dog bites you when you're eight, and twenty years later you start having nightmares about dog bites, those aren't ensuing nightmares. They're surfacing memories.
WORD FAMILY
ensue: ensued, ensues, ensuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the ensuing brawl, a 26-year-old cook in the restaurant used his knife to deliver two fatal stabs to Daniel.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The ensuing anger will inevitably be met with matching levels of violence.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was shot and killed in the ensuing confrontation.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. （只用于名词前）接着发生的; 接踵而至的
v. 接着发生，因而产生( ensue的现在分词)
分布：接下来的(87%)，继而发生的(8%)，动词ensue的现在分词形式.(5%)
US [-'su:-] adjective [before noun]
■happening after something and because of it 因而发生的；随后的
• An argument broke out and in the ensuing fight, a gun went off. 先是发生了争吵，随后动了手，接着就开了枪。
• He lost his job and in the ensuing months became more and more depressed. 他失业了，在接下来的几个月中他越来越消沉。

Word: subordinate
Front: subordinate
[səˈbɔ:dɪnət] (研六托雅 9779/6201 -2)
Vocabulary: subordinate
(once / 359 pages)
nadjv
Subordinate means putting one thing below another––a subordinate is someone who works for someone else, and to subordinate means to place or rank one thing below another. "We subordinate our desire for popcorn to our desire to keep watching the movie."
The ordinate part of subordinate refers to an ordering of things, and sub- means "lower." "In the army, a private is subordinate to an officer, whether that officer is his direct commander or not." When it's a noun or adjective, the word is pronounced "suh-BOR-duh-nit," and when it's a verb, "suh-BOR-duh-nate."
WORD FAMILY
subordinate: insubordinate, subordinated, subordinately, subordinateness, subordinates, subordinating, subordination +/ insubordinate: insubordinately/ insubordination: insubordinations/ subordination: insubordination, subordinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The theologians do this, he said, to justify biblical gender roles in which women are subordinate to men.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“While he was at the top of the organization, the evidence does not show that he was as involved...as his subordinates were,” Fox wrote.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
It was the latest in a string of mishaps caused by Ms Raggi’s choice of subordinates.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 级别或职位较低的; 下级的; 次要的; 附属的
n. 部属; 部下，下级
vt. 使…居下位，使在次级; 使服从; 使从属
时态：subordinated, subordinating, subordinates
分布：次要的(32%)，下级的(22%)，属下(20%)，使服从(13%)，附属物(10%)，把 ... 放在次要(3%)
→sub-,在下，-ordin,安排，顺序，词源同 order,ordinary.引申词义隶属的，从属的。
附属的(sub+ordin顺序＋ate→顺序在下→附属的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
附属的;服从的n.部下(sub下面+ordin+ate→顺序在下→附属的)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
a.下级的,次要的,附属的n.属下v.服从The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】sub下面，ord＝order，inate－在下面听order－附属的
【参】subordinacy（n 下级地位）；subordination（n 从属；部下）
【反】peer（n 同等的人；贵族）；principal（n 负责人）
US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■having a lower or less important position 从属的，下级的；次要的
• a subordinate role 配角
• subordinate status 从属地位
• The individual's needs are subordinate to those of the group. 个人需求必须从属于集体需求。
noun countable UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.nət] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■a person who has a less important position than you in an organization 下属，下级
• He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. 他把例行检查交给了一个下属负责。
verb transitive UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.neɪt] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■to put someone or something into a less important position 使从属于，使处于次要地位
• Her personal life has been subordinated to her career. 她将个人生活置于事业之下。
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
n. 下属，下级；部属，属下
 - inferior, underling
adj. 从属的；次要的
 - dependent, secondary, supporting, minor, peripheral

Word: manure
Front: manure
[məˈnjʊə(r)] (托雅宝 9810/12125 -1)
Vocabulary: manure
(once / 832 pages)
nv
Gardeners use the word manure to mean a fertilizer made from animal waste. Manure is good for helping plants grow and stay healthy.
When you spread manure on your vegetable garden, you're feeding the soil and plants with nutrients that encourage growth. The manure itself might be, for example, a combination of cow dung and straw, or slightly decomposed chicken waste. Sometimes the word manure is used for any kind of fertilizer, including those made entirely from plants. The earliest meaning of manure was "to cultivate land," from an Old French root word, manouvrer, "to work with the hands or cultivate."
WORD FAMILY
manure: manured, manures, manuring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dairy operators said Heartland is the one of the few, if the only, option available for getting rid of manure.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
His four other Iowa firms mainly manufacture agricultural equipment like manure spreaders and bale feeders.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The buildings, which reek of disinfectant and manure, form extraordinarily efficient egg-producing machines.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 肥料，粪便
vt. 施肥
时态：manured, manuring, manures
分布：肥料(77%)，施肥(23%)
→缩写自古法语manouvrer,耕作，操作，词源同manoeuvre,操作，控制。后引申词义在土地上劳作，给土地施肥，最后用于指肥料本身及粪肥。词源演变比较pork,farrow,furrow.
【记】manu手，re热：刚拉出来的粪肥，用手摸上去特别的热。
US [-'nʊr] noun uncountable
■solid waste from animals, especially horses, which is spread on the land in order to make plants grow well 粪肥（尤指马粪）
vt. 施肥于；耕种
 - till, farm
n. [肥料] 肥料；粪肥
 - fertilizer

Word: bidding
Front: bidding
[ˈbɪdɪŋ] (托 9796/11280)
Vocabulary: bidding
(once / 419 pages)
1n 2n
A person's bidding is what he or she tells you to do for them. You do your brother's bidding when he asks you to bring him his shoes and you comply.
Doing your boss's bidding is usually part of a job description, although doing your cousin's or boyfriend's bidding usually isn't required — at least, it shouldn't be. When you are invited to eat at a friend's house, you might have to watch a slide show from his trip to Hawaii after dinner at his bidding. Bidding stems from the verb bid, with its Old English root of biddan, "ask, entreat, beseech, or order."
WORD FAMILY
bidding: biddings+/ bid: bade, biddable, bidden, bidder, bidding, bids, overbid, underbid/ biddable: biddablest, biddably/bidder: bidders/overbid: overbidden, overbidding, overbids/underbid: underbidding, underbids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scotland's Anderson, 46, bidding to become only the third man to win three successive titles, broke to lead 2-1.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
There are understandable questions about the bidding criteria.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Dolphins are bidding for their first playoff victory since 2000.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （尤指拍卖中的）出价; <非正>请求; 投标; 召唤
v. 出价，投标( bid的现在分词 ); 恳求; 命令; 说（问候话）
分布：投标(74%)，出价(17%)，命令(8%)，动词bid的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun uncountable
OFFER 提供
■when people offer to pay a particular amount of money for something 出价
• Most of the bidding was done by telephone. 大部分的出价是透过电话进行的。
open the bidding
■to make the first offer of money for an object at a public sale of goods 首先开价
['bɪd.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
TELL 吩咐
at sb's bidding old-fashioned
■You do something at someone's bidding if they have asked or told you to do it 遵从某人的吩咐或请求而做某事
• At my grandmother's bidding, I wore my best dress. 按照祖母的要求，我穿上了最漂亮的衣服。
n. 投标；出价；命令
 - instruction, order, word, charge, offer

Word: tenet
Front: tenet
[ˈtenɪt] (宝 9811/13999 -1)
Vocabulary: tenet
(once / 1814 pages)
n
A tenet is a principle or belief honored by a person or, more often, a group of people. "Seek pleasure and avoid pain" is a basic tenet of Hedonism. "God exists" is a tenet of most major religions.
Tenet is pronounced "ten’it." The word evolved from the Latin tenere "to hold." The noun tenet is an opinion or doctrine one holds. It usually refers to a philosophy or a religion, but it doesn't have to — for instance, Eastern medicine has different tenets from Western medicine. One of the central tenets of succeeding in the workplace is that a good offense is the best defense.
WORD FAMILY
tenet: tenets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players, abiding by their religious tenets, use the sport as an outlet between long hours spent studying Judaic texts and other subjects.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the CIA’s annual Memorial Wall ceremony in 2000, Kirzinger said Tenet’s vivid remarks about the slain operatives inspired his project.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Certain styles of preparation — deep frying, for example — are considered “red lines,” but it is a key tenet of Nemmer’s approach that “nothing is forbidden.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 原则; 信条; 教义
分布：宗旨(59%)，原则(21%)，信条(12%)，教义(8%)
→来自拉丁语 tenet,他所持有的，他所坚持的，来自 tenere 的指示格，来自 tenere,持有，握住， 坚持，词源同 contain,tenure.引申词义原则，信条，教义等。
【记】ten拿，et小－拿住的小东西－信念
['ten.ɪt] formal
noun countable
■one of the principles on which a belief or theory is based 信条；宗旨；原则
• It is a tenet of contemporary psychology that an individual's mental health is supported by having good social networks. 当代心理学的一个基本理念就是个人的心理健康有赖于良好的社交圈。
n. 原则；信条；教义
 - principle, belief, teaching, doctrine, creed

Word: merit
Front: merit
[ˈmerɪt] (研四六托雅宝 4501/3641 -2)
Vocabulary: merit
(once / 123 pages)
nv
Merit is another way of saying "deserve." The National Merit Scholarship program is based on merit––students whose SAT scores are high enough deserve to be in the program. If kids seems to be getting in who hadn't even taken the SATs––that would merit an investigation.
You will often hear the phrases merit-based promotion and merit-based pay, which come up when employees are pushing against a system in which time on the job––and not job performance––determines when workers are promoted and how much they are paid. Using the word merit suggests impartiality and objectivity––such as when you swear off a prejudiced approach to something and vow to "judge it on its merits."
WORD FAMILY
merit: demerit, meritable, merited, meriting, meritless, meritorious, merits+/ demerit: demerits/meritable: meritably/merited: unmerited/meritless: meritlessly/ meritorious: meritoriously, meritoriousness, unmeritorious/unmerited: unmeritedly/unmeritorious: unmeritoriously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president enjoys considerable influence over prosecutors, tax collectors and state security agents, whose careers are largely determined by political loyalty rather than merit.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lillian’s signing skills are also helping her earn a “speaking in sign” merit badge from the Girl Scouts of the Chesapeake bay.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Statistical differences in outcomes among population groups might suggest potential fair lending concerns that merit further examination.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 价值，优点; [宗教]（行善得到的）功德; 功绩，功勋; 荣誉
vt. 值得，应获得; [宗教]（因行善而）应得（善报）
vi. 值得，应得; [宗教]积德
时态：merited, meriting, merits
分布：优点(36%)，价值(29%)，值得(23%)，功绩(10%)，应得(2%)
→来自古法语merite,工资，奖励，神的赐予，来自拉丁语merere,挣得，赚取，应得，来自smer,分配，划分，部分，词源同polymer,emeritus.字面意思即赚取自己应得的部分，引申词义奖品，精神奖励，神的礼物，并抽象化为功绩，才能，优点等。
n.优点,价值,功绩v.值得,应得On the orbit, the rabbits habitually inherited the merits of the inhabitants.在轨道上,兔子习惯性地继承了居民们的优点.
noun countable or uncountable formal
■the quality of being good and deserving praise 优点；价值；功绩
• an entertaining film with little artistic merit 一部有趣但艺术价值不高的电影
• Her ideas have merit. 她的想法很有价值。
• Brierley's book has the merit of being both informative and readable. 布赖尔利的书兼具内容丰富和可读性强的优点。
the merits of sth
■the advantages something has compared to something else （相比之下…的）优点，好处
• We discussed the merits of herbal tea. 我们讨论了药草茶的好处。
on your (own) merits
■according to the qualities you have or have shown, without considering any other information or comparing you to someone else 根据本身的特点
• The committee say they will consider / judge each applicant on his or her own merits. 委员会表示他们会根据每位申请者自身的条件斟酌考虑／作出判断。
['mer.ɪt] verb transitive formal
■If something merits a particular treatment, it deserves or is considered important enough to be treated in that way （…）值得，应受
• This plan merits careful attention. 这项计划值得仔细考虑。
• The accident merited only a small paragraph in the local paper. 这次意外在当地报纸上只有小篇幅报道。
merit, pefection, virtue
这组词都有“优点，长处”的意思，其区别是：
merit: 指有值得赞扬的优点，但不一定是出类拔萃。
pefection: 指达到了理想或完美的程度。
virtue: 指人或物的优点长处，指人的美德。
n. 优点，价值；功绩；功过
 - asset, importance, virtue, price, value
vt. 值得
 - to be worth, be deserving of

Word: pessimistic
Front: pessimistic
[ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk] (研四六 9792/9581)
Vocabulary: pessimistic
(once / 3359 pages)
adj
Pessimistic describes the state of mind of someone who always expects the worst. A pessimistic attitude isn't very hopeful, shows little optimism, and can be a downer for everyone else.
To be pessimistic means you believe evil outweighs the good and that bad things are more likely to happen. So pessimistic people are usually pretty negative. And kind of a bummer to be around. Think of Eeyore, Winnie the Pooh's perpetually gloomy friend. The word comes to us, not surprisingly, from the Latin pessimus — meaning "worst."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
optimistic / pessimistic
An optimistic person expects all the best things to happen! Is it raining money yet? A pessimistic person is a downer. Who cares if it's raining money? They'll never get any.
Optimistic people see the best in the world. Optimistic ideas have been around for a while — Voltaire's "Candide" (1759) mocked them thoroughly. Here's an optimistic quote from Ralph Waldo Emerson: "Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year." Here are some more recent examples from the news:
"It's been so positive…He's always optimistic, always hungry for the next one." (Washington Times)
"It's an optimistic assessment that clashes hard with the reality on the ground." (Los Angeles Times)
Abandon all hope ye who enter here! A pessimistic person expects the worst in every situation. Doom and gloom rule a pessimistic attitude. In business, a pessimistic mood prevents people from investing. If you're pessimistic, you see a beautiful waterfall and assume you're going to die in it. Here are some examples of the word:
"Designed to cope with the most pessimistic nightmare of an apocalypse, a day spent here is not destined to be uplifting." ( BBC)
"There has also been a smaller—yet still statistically significant—rise in the frequency of negative words, such as 'disappointing' and 'pessimistic'." (Nature)
These words often show up together:
"And my personal philosophy is I'd rather be optimistic and wrong rather than pessimistic and right." (Time)
"A higher life expectancy estimate is optimistic for the human condition, but pessimistic for the Social Security Trust Fund." (New York Times)
Most people are a little of both, and you can certainly be optimistic — you just learned new words! Or pessimistic — you'll probably just forget them, though. Sigh.
WORD FAMILY
pessimistic: pessimistically+/ pessimism: pessimisms, pessimist, pessimistic / pessimist: pessimists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fresh mix in the currency group, therefore, likely won’t change many investors’ pessimistic outlook for the yuan, analysts say.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Eduardo Porter, a columnist for the Times, recently wrote a pessimistic piece on income inequality.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
That said, she rejects the notion that the message of “Good Bones” is pessimistic.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 悲观的，厌世的; 悲观主义的
分布：悲观的(87%)，悲观主义的(13%)
a.悲观(主义)的Don't be so pessimistic.别那样悲观.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■thinking that bad things are more likely to happen or emphasizing the bad part of a situation 悲观的
• The tone of the meeting was very pessimistic. 会议的气氛非常悲观。
• The doctors are pessimistic (= not hopeful) about his chances of recovery. 医生们对他康复的可能性都表示悲观。
adj. 悲观的，厌世的；悲观主义的
 - world-weary, futilitarian

Word: same
Front: same
[seɪm] (中高 161/137 -K5)
Back: adj. 同一的; 相同的，同样的
pron. 同一事物; 同样的人; （和…）同样的事物; （数目、颜色、大小、质量等）相同
adv. 同样，类似
分布：同样地(78%)，同样的人或事(22%)
→来自古英语 same,相同的，同样的，来自 Proto-Germanic*sama,相同的，来自 sem,一， 一样，一致，词源同 some,homo-.
a.相同的pron.相同的人(或物)ad.同样地The tame tigers play the same game on the frame.温顺的老虎在框架上玩同一游戏.
adjective
EXACTLY LIKE 非常相似
the same
 ESSENTIAL
■exactly like another or each other 相同的，同样的
• My twin sister and I have got the same nose. 我孪生姐姐的鼻子和我的长得一样。
• She was wearing exactly the same dress as I was. 她穿的裙子和我的一模一样。
• Hilary's the same age as me. 希拉蕊和我同龄。
• She brought up her children in just (= exactly) the same way her mother did. 她养育孩子的方法和她母亲完全一样。
Compare similar
[seɪm] adjective
NOT ANOTHER 不是另一个
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■not another different place, time, situation, person or thing 相同的，同一的
• My brother and I sleep in the same room. 我弟弟和我睡在同一个房间。
• Rachel's still going out with the same boyfriend. 瑞秋还在和同一个男朋友交往。
• That (very) same day, he heard he'd passed his exam. 就在同一天，他听说自己通过了考试。
• I would do the same thing again if I had the chance. 如果有机会，我还会做同样的事情。
• They eat at the same restaurant every week. 他们每个星期都在同一家餐馆吃饭。
• Shall we meet up at the same time tomorrow? 我们明天在同一时间见面好吗？
[seɪm] adjective
at the same time
■despite this 尽管如此
• No-one likes conflict, but at the same time we have to deal with this problem. 没人喜欢冲突，但尽管如此，我们不得不处理这个问题。
[seɪm] adjective
be in the same boat
■to be in the same unpleasant situation as other people 在同一艘船上； 处境相同，面临同样的困境；
• She's always complaining that she doesn't have enough money, but we're all in the same boat. 她总是抱怨自己的钱不够用，可是我们的处境都一样。
[seɪm] adjective
by the same token
■used to mean that something you are about to say is also true, for the same reasons as what has just been said 同理，同样地，由于同样的原因
• I don't think that prices will go up but, by the same token, I don't see them going down either. 我认为价格不会上涨，同样，我也不认为价格会下跌。
[seɪm] adjective
it all amounts / comes to the same thing
■used to mean that any of several different possible actions will produce the same result （无论如何做）结果都一样
• It doesn't matter whether you do it first or last - it all amounts to the same thing. 你最先做还是最后做这件事都无所谓——结果都一样。
[seɪm] adjective
It's the same old story. informal
■said when talking about a bad situation which has happened many times before 一直都是这样，又是老样子（表示糟糕的情况以前多次出现）
• It's the same old story - the rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 还是老样子——富人愈富，穷人愈穷。
[seɪm] adjective
not in the same league
■not nearly as good as something or someone else 比不上，不如
• Her golf is brilliant - I'm not in the same league. 她高尔夫球打得非常好——我比不上她。
[seɪm] adjective
one and the same
■the same thing or person 同一个事物；同一个人
• I was amazed to discover that Mary's husband and Jane's son are one and the same (person). 我惊讶地发现玛丽的丈夫就是简的儿子。
[seɪm] adjective
same difference not standard
■said when you agree that what you said was not exactly correct, but you think the difference is not important 差不多一样
• "Did you see that bus?" "Actually it was a coach." "Same difference." “看见那辆大巴士了吗？”“实际上那是一辆长途汽车。”“差不多吧。”
[seɪm] adjective
same old same old informal
■used to say that a situation or someone's behaviour remains the same, especially when it is boring or annoying 老套，千篇一律
• Most people just carry on doing the same old same old every day. 许多人每天都重复做着同样的事情。
[seɪm] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  sameRemember: same usually comes after the. Don't say 'same', say the same :
✗ My husband is same age as me. My husband is the same age as me.
[seɪm] pronoun
EXACTLY LIKE 非常相似
the same as
 ESSENTIAL
■exactly like
• People say I look just the same as my sister. 人们说我和我姐姐长得一模一样。
• John thinks the same as I do - it's just too expensive. 约翰的想法和我一样——那太贵了。
the same
 ESSENTIAL
■not changed 没有变化的
• After all these years you look exactly the same - you haven't changed a bit. 这么多年过去了，你看起来还是老样子——一点也没变。
• Charles is just the same as always. 查尔斯还是老样子。
[seɪm] pronoun
NOT ANOTHER 不是另一个
the same
 ESSENTIAL
■not another different thing or situation 同样的事物；同样的情况
• I'm hopeless at physics, and it's the same with chemistry - I get it all wrong. 我对物理一窍不通，化学也一样——我完全理解不了。
[before noun] humorous
■not another different person 同一个人
• "Was that Marion on the phone?" "The (very) same." “接电话的是玛丽安吗?”“正是。”
[seɪm] pronoun
all the same
■despite what has just been said 仍然，依然，照样
• It rained every day of our holiday - but we had a good time all the same. 假期里天天下雨——不过我们仍然玩得很开心。
[seɪm] pronoun
be all the same to sb
■to not be important to someone which of several things is chosen 对（某人）来说无所谓；对（某人）来说都一样
• I don't mind whether we eat now or this evening, it's all the same to me. 现在吃还是今晚吃无所谓，对我来说都一样。
• I'll have tea - if it's all the same to you. 我要喝茶——如果你觉得无所谓的话。
[seɪm] pronoun
not the same
■not as good 不那么令人愉快的，不那么合人意的
• You can make shortbread with margarine instead of butter, but it isn't the same. 你可以用人造牛油代替牛油制作甜酥饼，不过口味会差一点。
[seɪm] pronoun
same again informal
■said when you want another drink of the same type as you have just had 再来一份同样的饮料
• "What are you having, David?" "Same again, please." “你喝甚么，戴维？”“和刚才的一样。”
[seɪm] pronoun
same here informal
■said when you agree with what has been said or you have experienced the same thing as they have 我同意；我也一样
• "I thought that film was awful!" "Same here!" “我觉得那部电影糟透了！”“我也有同感！”
[seɪm] pronoun
same to you informal
■used as an answer to someone who has greeted or insulted you in order to wish the same thing to them （用于回应问候或辱骂）你也一样
• "Have a good holiday." "Same to you (= I hope you have a good holiday too) !" “假日愉快。”“也祝你假日愉快！”
[seɪm] adverb
the same
 ESSENTIAL
■in the same way 同样地
• We treat all our children the same. 我们对待自己所有的孩子都一视同仁。
• I need some time to myself, the same as anybody else. 和别人一样，我也需要一些属于自己的时间。
equivalent, identical, equal, same, very
这组词都有“相同的”的意思，其区别是：
equivalent: 主要指有同样价值、效力或意义的两种不同的事物。
identical: 着重指人或物等在每细节上都完全相同。
equal: 多指在价值等方面相当而不相同的事物。
same: 可指相同的人或物，也可指在质量、外表或意义等方面相同，但实际上有差别的事物。
very: 侧重指完全同一，没有区别。
adj. 相同的；同一的；上述的（通常与the连用）；无变化的
 - said, uniform, self, identical, parallel
adv. 同样地（通常与the连用）
 - equally, similarly, as, likewise, homogeneously

Word: turbulent
Front: turbulent
[ˈtɜ:bjələnt] (研四六托雅宝 9806/8716 -1)
Vocabulary: turbulent
(once / 885 pages)
adj
Turbulent means chaotic, disordered, characterized by conflict. A time of war is a turbulent time for a country. If your family moves and your parents get divorced, you might call that a turbulent period in your history.
This adjective also commonly describes unstable or violent movement in the atmosphere, or in oceans and rivers. When the pilot comes announces turbulent air or turbulence ahead, get ready for the plane to bump and shake. Turbulence has another specialized sense when describing an uneven flow of a liquid or gas.
WORD FAMILY
turbulent: nonturbulent, turbulence, turbulency, turbulently+/ turbulence: turbulences/turbulency: turbulencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been a strange, unsettling year in the art market and 2017 looks likely to be just as turbulent.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Matters of war, race and religion coursed through his life in a publicly turbulent way.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was a turbulent year defined by political and environmental fights.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 骚乱的，混乱的; 激流的，湍流的; 吵闹的; 强横的
分布：动荡的(49%)，狂暴的(26%)，汹涌的(18%)，骚动的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 turba,骚乱，人群，词源同 turbid,trouble.引申词义混乱的，动荡的。
骚乱的(turb+ulent多...的→搅动太多→骚动的)[turb=stir"表示"搅动"]
a.狂暴的,无秩序的;骚动的,骚乱的Banned murders in the suburb bring turbulent disturbance and burden to the urban turbine works.在郊区被禁止的谋杀给都市透平工厂带来汹涌骚乱和重负.
【反】pacific（adj 和平的）
US ['tɝ:.bjə-] adjective
SITUATION/TIME 情况／时间
■involving a lot of sudden changes, arguments or violence 骚乱的，骚动的；动荡的，混乱的
• a turbulent marriage 吵吵闹闹的婚姻
• This has been a turbulent week for the government. 对政府来讲，这是动荡多事的一周。
UK ['tɜ:.bjʊ.lənt] US ['tɝ:.bjə-] adjective
AIR/WATER 空气／水
■Turbulent air or water moves very strongly and suddenly （水流或气流）汹涌的，湍急的，猛烈的
• The sea was too turbulent for us to be able to take the boat out. 大海波涛汹涌，我们无法驾船出海。
stormy, wild, fierce, turbulent, violent
这组词都有“剧烈的，凶猛的，狂暴的”的意思，其区别是：
stormy: 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情。
wild: 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
fierce: 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
turbulent: 正式用词，多用描写风和水，也可指心神不定或控制不住的感情波动。
violent: 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激，暗含有达或暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
adj. 骚乱的，混乱的；狂暴的；吵闹的
 - angry, chaotic, troubled, confused

Word: longitudinal
Front: longitudinal
[ˌlɒŋgɪˈtju:dɪnl] (9814/13011)
Vocabulary: longitudinal
(once / 2799 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective longitudinal to describe something that takes place over a long period of time, like a study of the lifetime eating habits of people who live on islands.
Sociologists and other scientists use the word longitudinal when they're talking about long-term research. Geographers also describe things as longitudinal, but instead they mean something that relates to the east-west measurement across the Earth. When doctors use the word, it's in yet another way, describing muscles or other body parts that run lengthwise, rather than up-and-down. Longitudinal comes from the Latin word longitudo, "length or duration."
WORD FAMILY
longitudinal: longitudinally+/ longitude: longitudes, longitudinal
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Dunedin Longitudinal study is a real wake-up call.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The data for the research was taken from a long-running programme in the south-west of England - the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
Ravenna Helson did the longest study of women’s lives that there is: The Mills Longitudinal Study.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 经度的; 纵向的; 纵的; 纵观的
分布：纵向的(73%)，经线的(18%)，长久的(9%)
→来自longitude,经度，引申词义纵向的。
ADJ
纵向的
A longitudinal line or structure goes from one end of an object to the other rather than across it from side to side.
adj. 长度的，纵向的；经线的
 - linear, fore-and-aft

Word: cynicism
Front: cynicism
['sɪnɪsɪzəm] (9801/11373)
Vocabulary: cynicism
(once / 2369 pages)
n
Cynicism is the feeling of distrust or that something isn't going to work out well. Some people feel cynicism when politicians make big promises.
To pronounce cynicism, place the accent on the first syllable: "SIH-nuh-cih-zum." You might associate cynicism with sarcasm. Cynicism comes from believing that people are, at heart, selfish and untrustworthy. Sarcasm is the expression of negative feelings like cynicism, by expressing, for dramatic effect, the opposite of what is meant: "I'm quite sure that politician took that bribe by mistake. We all know how easy it is to overlook the sudden appearance of $2 million dollars in your checking account."
WORD FAMILY
cynicism: cynicisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
EL James redid Fifty Shades of Grey twice over anyway, and there was a cynicism to it.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Cynicism is growing and our hope for the future is narrowing down,” the director notes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 讥笑，讥讽的言词; 愤世嫉俗; 玩世不恭; 犬儒哲学，犬儒主义
分布：愤世嫉俗(81%)，冷言冷语(9%)，讥笑(7%)，犬儒哲学.(3%)
愤世嫉俗(cynic+ism→犬儒主义的[cyn=dog,表示"狗"]
犬儒主义(cynic犬儒主义者)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
认为世人皆自私的观念;愤世嫉俗
Cynicism is the belief that people always act selfishly.
例：I found Ben's cynicism wearing at times.我有时觉得本的愤世嫉俗令人厌烦。
N-UNCOUNT
(对成功或人的真善的）怀疑
Cynicism about something is the belief that it cannot be successful or that the people involved are not honourable.
例：This talk betrays a certain cynicism about free trade.这番讲话流露出一种对自由贸易不看好的态度。
n. 玩世不恭，愤世嫉俗；犬儒主义；冷嘲热讽
 - misanthropy

Word: ethnographic
Front: ethnographic
[ˌeθnə'ɡræfɪk] (9816/17617)
Vocabulary: ethnographic
(once / 34866 pages)
adj
Anything that describes a specific culture's customs, like a movie about a small village in China or a book about French Canadians, can be described as ethnographic.
You're most likely to hear the word ethnographic in an anthropology class, since it's a scientific way to describe books, films, research, or lectures that have to do with the study of human societies and their customs. The word comes from two Greek roots, ethnos, or "people," and grapho, "to write." So if you write a paper about the customs of American teenagers in the 1980s, your work is ethnographic.
WORD FAMILY
ethnographic: ethnographically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
The bottom drops out of the movie, leaving its interest almost exclusively ethnographic.
New York Times(Sep 27, 2016)
A Grade II building that was partially funded by philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and once housed Clement Lindley Wragge's collection of ethnographic, zoological and geological material.
BBC(Sep 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 人种志的
分布：民族志学的(50%)，人种志学的(25%)，=ethnographical.(25%)
ADJ
人种论的;人种志的
Ethnographic refers to things that are connected with or relate to ethnography.

Word: good-looking
Front: good-looking
[ɡʊd 'lʊkɪŋ] (-2)
Back: adj. 好看的; 美貌的; 标致的; 丰采
分布：漂亮的(56%)，好看的(44%)
adjective
■describes a physically attractive man or woman 好看的；漂亮的
• He's very good-looking but not terribly bright. 他外表很英俊，但并不是特别聪明。
beautiful, handsome, pretty, good-looking
beautiful: 貌美动人，气质高雅；
handsome: 体态健美端庄；
pretty: 活泼可爱；
good-looking: 一般性“好看”
adj. 好看的；美貌的
 - nice-looking, easy on the eyes

Word: affirmation
Front: affirmation
[ˌæfə'meɪʃn] (9815/11871)
Vocabulary: affirmation
(once / 2795 pages)
n
An affirmation is a big fat YES, an assertion that something is true.
Affirmations can show up in court, or taped to the walls of people who need reassurance. In court, it's a judgment from a higher court that agrees with one from a lower one, or something a religious person who doesn't want to take an oath can use. Quakers use affirmations on the stand instead of swearing, because they always speak plainly. It means to assure, or agree, so you might find affirmations like "You're awesome!" or "Lookin' good" taped to the mirror of people who need to chin up.
WORD FAMILY
affirmation: affirmations, disaffirmation+/ affirm: affirmable, affirmation, affirmative, affirmatory, affirmer, affirming, affirms, reaffirm / affirmative: affirmatively, affirmativeness, affirmatives/affirmer: affirmers/ reaffirm: reaffirmation, reaffirmed, reaffirming, reaffirms/reaffirmation: reaffirmations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Affirmation does not invigorate, it creates a “dopamine high.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Daily affirmations, gratitude journals and self-help manuals are all well and good.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
And that rare public affirmation of her hobby’s value encouraged her to keep collecting.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 肯定; 确认; 证实; 批准
分布：肯定(86%)，主张(7%)，断言(7%)
VERB
断言；申明；坚持声称
If you affirm that something is true or that something exists, you state firmly and publicly that it is true or exists.
例：The House of Lords affirmed that the terms of a contract cannot be rewritten retrospectively.上议院申明合同条款改写后不具备追溯效力。
例：...a speech in which he affirmed a commitment to lower taxes...他作出减税承诺的演讲
VERB
证实；确认
If an event affirms something, it shows that it is true or exists.
例：Everything I had accomplished seemed to affirm that opinion.我所取得的一切似乎都证明那个观点是对的。
n. 主张，肯定；断言
 - opinion, assurance, claim, advocacy

Word: combustion
Front: combustion
[kəmˈbʌstʃən] (六托 9802/12420 -1)
Vocabulary: combustion
(once / 2226 pages)
n
Combustion means "the act of burning," like the combustion of fallen leaves that, if not extinguished immediately, can result in a forest fire.
Combustion derives from the Latin word comburere, which means "to burn up." Matches, kindling, paper, and lighter fluid can be tools for combustion. In chemistry terms, combustion is any process in which a substance combines with oxygen to produce heat and light. Cars run because their engines use combustion to get the cylinders to fire.
WORD FAMILY
combustion: combustions+/combust: combusted, combustible, combusting, combustion, combustive, combusts/ combustible: combustibility, combustibleness, combustibles, combustibly, incombustible, noncombustible
USAGE EXAMPLES
But don’t expect a eulogy for the internal combustion engine any time soon.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Today internal combustion or diesel engines still power almost everything that moves on the road.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Another was the internal combustion engine, early versions of which ran on petrol, gas, or even gunpowder.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 燃烧，烧毁; 氧化; 骚动
分布：燃烧(100%)
noun uncountable
■the process of burning 燃烧（过程）
specialized
■the chemical process in which substances mix with oxygen in the air to produce heat and light （化学）燃烧
n. [热] 燃烧，氧化；骚动
 - burning, inflammation

Word: inviting
Front: inviting
[ɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ] (托 9809/11167 -1)
Vocabulary: inviting
(once / 650 pages)
adj
Inviting things are very appealing. Your host's inviting smile makes you truly feel welcomed and even a little bit charmed.
On a hot summer day, nothing looks quite as inviting as a cool, sparkling swimming pool, and when you come inside after walking home in the snow, a cozy fire in the wood stove is also quite inviting. Something inviting promises comfort or pleasure. The word comes from invitation, from the Latin invitare, "invite, treat, or entertain," which originally meant "be pleasant toward."
WORD FAMILY
inviting: invitingly, uninviting+/ invitation: invitational, invitations/ invite: invitation, invitatory, invited, invitee, invites, inviting /invited: uninvited/invitee: invitees/uninvited: uninvitedly/uninviting: uninvitingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
People would find my blog online and contact me, inviting me to stay with them.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He lived in a small apartment with two other men, barred by his landlord from inviting guests, including his girlfriend.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Moreover, I am inviting all children of US diplomats accredited in Russia to the New Year and Christmas parties in the Kremlin,” he said.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 吸引人的，诱人的; 引人注目的
v. 邀请(invite的现在分词)
分布：诱人的(66%)，吸引人的(30%)，动词invite的现在分词.(4%)
→来自invite,邀请。比喻用法。
诱人的(inviet邀请)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
【记】invite（vt 邀请）
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■If someone or something is inviting, they encourage you to feel welcome or attracted 令人愉快的；吸引人的
• The room looked cosy and inviting. 这个房间看起来舒适宜人。
• an inviting smile 迷人的微笑
■attractive in a way that causes unpleasant results 诱人的（会带来不好的结果的）
• Companies saddled with high debt have become inviting targets for cash-rich competitors. 负债累累的公司成为了现金充足的竞争者的好目标。
adj. 诱人的；有魅力的
 - attractive, catching

Word: rustic
Front: rustic
[ˈrʌstɪk] (托宝 9825/14337 -1)
Vocabulary: rustic
(once / 716 pages)
adjn
When you think of the word rustic, think of the rural country. This word can be given a positive or a negative spin depending on how you use it; a rustic inn, for example, might be quaint or it might be virtually uninhabitable.
The words rustic and "rural" spring from the same ancient root: *rur-, which means "open space" in the hypothetical ancestor language Proto-Indo-European. In early usage, these two words were used interchangeably, but now, rural is used to describe locations –- "rural community," "rural location" — while rustic refers to the unrefined qualities associated with country life. The best antonym is cosmopolitan, which implies the sophistication and worldliness of city life.
WORD FAMILY
rustic: rustically, rusticate, rusticism, rusticity, rustics+/ rusticate: rusticated, rusticates, rusticating, rustication / rustication: rustications/rusticity: rusticities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Architectural nods to the old lodge create a “rustic, industrial look,” said Kevin Gosche, general manager for Thomas & Marker Construction.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Chris said Dawn liked the rustic look of the place, and commented “that this is what our winery should look like.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
There was some thinking that you were doing a somewhat acoustic, rustic kind of thing.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 乡村的，乡下的; 质朴的，朴素的; 粗鲁的; 圆木造的
n. 乡下人，农夫; 粗汉
分布：乡村的(30%)，乡下人(21%)，纯朴的(14%)，土气的(10%)，农民(10%)，村夫(8%)，手工粗糙的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 rusticus,乡村的，平原的，来自 rus,开阔地，乡村，词源同 room,rural.
乡村的[rust,rur=country表示"农村"]
【记】rust（n 锈），ic－乡村的人象生了锈一样迟钝和缺少优雅
【参】rural（adj 乡下的；田园的）
【反】polished（adj 擦亮的；优美的）；urbane（adj 彬彬有礼的；城市的）
adjective
■simple and often rough in appearance; typical of the countryside 粗制的；乡村的，乡村特色的；质朴的
• a rustic bench/cabin 粗制的长椅／简陋的小木屋
• The property has a certain rustic charm. 这座宅院有种迷人的田园风情。
adj. 乡村的；纯朴的；粗野的；手工粗糙的
 - robust, gross, rough, country, bush
n. 乡下人；乡巴佬
 - peasant, provincial, countryman

Word: affiliate
Front: affiliate
[əˈfɪlieɪt] (研六托雅宝 6929/14490 -2)
Vocabulary: affiliate
(once / 1154 pages)
vn
An affiliate is a subordinate group or organization associated with a larger group or organization. For example, the American broadcasting company NBC has hundreds of affiliate stations around the country.
Affiliate comes from the Medieval Latin term affiliat, meaning "adopted as a son," though it's unlikely NBC sees its affiliate companies in quite that way. The word can also be used to describe someone who simply hangs out with someone else a lot, or keeps company with them regularly, whether for business or not.
WORD FAMILY
affiliate: affiliated, affiliates, affiliating, affiliation +/ affiliated: unaffiliated/ affiliation: affiliations, reaffiliation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Art Brown, president of the Utah chapter of Mothers Against Drunk Driving, told the local Fox affiliate the group would not support Thurston’s proposal.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“I acknowledge that they were disrespectful and offensive,” he said, a local NBC News affiliate reported.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Cox said the plane is kept at a hangar at the airfield, but the six people aboard the aircraft aren’t affiliated with OSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使隶属于，接纳…为成员; 使紧密联系
vt. & vi. 加入，与…有关; 为…工作
时态：affiliated, affiliating, affiliates
分布：分公司(41%)，附属机构(26%)，发生联系(17%)，接纳(10%)，使隶属于(3%)，追溯(3%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根fil, 子女，来自词根fe, 喂养，吮吸，同female,女的。
v.使隶属(或附属)于n.附属机构,分公司I'm baffled why the affiliated man initiated the negotiator into ego.被附属于的人为什么正式介绍谈判者进自我,我被困惑.
【参】filial（adj 子女的）
【反】dissociation（n 分裂）－affiliation（n 入会，加入）
verb transitive /əˈfɪl.i.eɪt/
■to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group or organization 使并入，使隶属（较大的团体或组织）；使紧密联系
• a college affiliated to the University of London 伦敦大学附属学院
• The school is affiliated with a national association of driving schools. 这所学校隶属于一个全国驾驶学校协会。
noun countable /əˈfɪl.i.ət/
■an organization that is connected with or controlled by another, usually larger, organization 隶属机构，分支机构
• Our college is an affiliate of the university. 我们学院隶属于这所大学。
append, affiliate, attach, link
这组词都有“附加”的意思，其区别是：
append: v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。
 • The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.   律师在合同后又附加了两页。
affiliate: v.加入，成为……一部分。
 • an affiliated middle school   一所附属中学
attach: v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。
 • I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.   我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。
link: v.将人或物连接起来。
 • The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.   群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。
n. 联号；隶属的机构等
 - associated company
vt. 使附属；接纳；使紧密联系
 - receive, take on sb
vi. 参加，加入；发生联系
 - participate in, take part in, go through

Word: invader
Front: invader
[ɪnˈveɪdə(r)] (托 9804/11223 -1)
Back: n. 侵略者; 侵入者; 侵犯者; 侵入物
分布：侵略者(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■an army or country that uses force to enter and take control of another country 入侵者，侵略者
• The foreign invaders were finally defeated by allied forces. 外国侵略者最终被联军击败了。
• figurative Any new company is seen as an invader in an already competitive market. 在竞争已经很激烈的市场中，凡是新公司都被看作是入侵者。
n. 侵略者； [生物] 侵入物
 - aggressor, harrier

Word: holistic
Front: holistic
[həʊˈlɪstɪk] (9808/12415 -1)
Vocabulary: holistic
(once / 28969 pages)
adj
Holistic means encompassing the whole of a thing, and not just the part. Holistic medicine looks at the whole person for answers, not just at physical symptoms.
You might have heard of holistic medicine, which tries to treat someone as mind and body, instead of treating only the part of the patient that is most sick. People often talk about holism in relation to healing, whether of bodies or other things. A holistic approach to solving a labor dispute would take into consideration the needs of both the workers and the factory owners.
WORD FAMILY
holistic: holistically+/ holism: holistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Solving the problem, theater leaders say, is holistic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She also said the state planned to expand this holistic view of student behavior on the measurement side as well.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 全盘的，整体的; 功能整体性的
分布：整体的(74%)，全盘的(26%)
US [hoʊl'ɪs-] adjective
■dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part 整体的，全面的
• My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease. 我的医生采用了一种全面性的治疗方法。
• Ecological problems usually require holistic solutions. 生态问题通常需要全面性的解决方法。
adj. [生物] 整体的；全盘的
 - integral, wholistic

Word: light-year
Front: light-year
['laɪt'jɪr] None
Back: n. <天>光年
分布：光年(100%)

Word: discrete
Front: discrete
[dɪˈskri:t] (六托雅宝 9847/9082)
Vocabulary: discrete
(once / 13602 pages)
adj
Discrete means separate or divided. A discrete unit is a separate part of something larger. A room is a discrete space within a house, just as the transmission is a discrete part of a car engine.
If something is discrete, it has its own space. An ice cube comes from an ice tray, but it has its own discrete compartment. A student government might have discrete committees for different projects. Don't confuse discrete with its close cousin discreet, which means “appropriately private.” Billionaire Bruce Wayne, for example, is very discreet about his secret life as Batman. You could say Batman is a discrete, or separate, part of Bruce Wayne’s identity. Anything distinct and separated is discrete.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
discreet / discrete
Discreet means on the down low, under the radar, careful, but discrete means individual or detached. They come from the same ultimate source, the Latin discrētus, for separated or distinct, but discreet has taken its own advice and quietly gone its separate way.
Today discreet is to be politely private about something and to be aware of consequences if everyone finds out what you're doing. Be discreet when you eat the lollipop your mom gave you but not your sister, so you don't have to listen to a tantrum. Wealthy people often try to be discreet with their money, because they don't want everyone to know they're rich. When you're trying to be cool, and keep something quiet, you're being discreet:
A source said: "Wayne attracts a lot of attention and the millionaires attracted to the area like to be more discreet." (The Sun)
Sound Level: Quiet, with widely spaced tables allowing for discreet conversations. (Business Week)
Discrete remains closer to its roots, meaning individual, detached, separated:
It is far better to think of these as isolated, unpredictable, discrete events. (Salon)
Quantum theory is usually thought of as discrete; after all, that's what the word "quantum" connotes. (Scientific American)
So last year, when earthquakes were recorded in small, discrete clusters in north central Arkansas, researchers perked up. (New York Times)
Although discreet and discrete have separate (or discrete) meanings, they are often confused. Remember that the "ee's" in discreet hide together in the middle of the word, but the "t" in discrete separates them.
WORD FAMILY
discrete: discretely, discreteness, discretest, indiscrete +/ indiscrete: indiscretely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan, which he calls a daisy drive, separates the components of any gene drive into discrete parts—a genetic version of a multistage rocket.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Modular tiles representing discrete districts compose the cityscape.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
He believes the pictures reveal a "discrete, low profile wedding" in a small town or rural area in the UK.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 分离的，不相关联的; 分立式; 非连续
分布：不连续的(60%)，分离的(40%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-cret,区分，词源同crisis, critic, discern. 词义与discreet在17世纪前没有区别，后来才赋予不同的词义。
分立的(dis分开＋creet区别→分开区别→不同的)[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
【区】discreet详见上面
【反】continuous（adj 连续的）
adjective
■having a clear independent shape or form; separate 独立的，各自的，单独的
• These small companies now have their own discrete identity. 这些小公司现在都各有各的特点。
adj. 离散的， [数] 不连续的
 - uncontinuous, incontinuous

Word: straddle
Front: straddle
[ˈstrædl] (9812/13683 -1)
Vocabulary: straddle
(once / 4155 pages)
vn
When you straddle something, you're sitting on it with one leg on each side — like straddling a horse or a fence.
Unless you're using an old-fashioned side saddle, you straddle a horse when you ride it. Gymnasts learn how to straddle the parallel bars, basically doing the splits on them. But if someone says you're "straddling the fence", it means you're doing a different kind of splits: you're not taking a side and refusing to commit. In finance, straddling means you want to leave your options open to buy or sell.
WORD FAMILY
straddle: straddled, straddles, straddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many Strain-Japan families straddle their time between working jobs close to St. Louis and tending to family farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They straddle the boundaries of the public and private, the respectable and the reviled.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
My children attend a school and play soccer on fields that straddle it.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 叉开腿; 跨坐; 不表明态度; [军]向（目标）作夹叉射击[轰炸]
n. 跨坐; 观望; [军]夹叉射击[轰炸]
时态：straddled, straddling, straddles
分布：跨坐(50%)，把两腿叉开(20%)，观望(20%)，指定价格的交易(10%)
→改写自 stride,大步，阔步，跨，张开，-le,表反复。引申词义骑，横跨等。
verb transitive
■to sit or stand with your legs on either side of something 骑，跨坐；分开腿站在…上
• He pulled on his helmet and straddled the motorbike. 他戴上安全帽，跨坐在摩托车上。
■Something that straddles a line, such as a border or river, exists on each side of it or goes across it 跨过，横跨（边界、河流等）
• Our farm straddles the railway line. 我们的农场横跨铁轨。
■to combine different styles or subjects 融合，兼顾（不同风格或主题）
• It's described as a new kind of dance music which straddles jazz and soul. 它被称作是一种融合爵士乐和灵歌的新式舞曲。
■mainly US disapproving
■to be unable to decide which of two opinions about a subject is better and so partly support both opinions 对…持观望态度，对…持骑墙态度
• It's not the first time this year that the president has been accused of straddling an issue. 总统今年已经不是第一次被人指责态度暧昧了。

Word: mantle
Front: mantle
[ˈmæntl] (托雅宝 9827/7950 -1)
Vocabulary: mantle
(once / 797 pages)
nv
A mantle is a word for something that blankets over something else, like the loose cloak worn by Little Red Riding Hood or the layer of earth between the crust and core.
Mantle is something that envelops and covers, like a tree covered in a mantle of snow. The Spanish writer Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra said, “Blessings on him who invented sleep, the mantle that covers all human thoughts.” Here, sleep is described as a mantle blanketing over the mind. Mantel is a variation of mantle, but it very specifically describes the shelf above a fireplace.
WORD FAMILY
mantle: mantled, mantles, mantling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donning the mantle of economic optimist is a time-honored tradition for presidents, who are seen as perhaps the most singularly influential person over the economy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
That would bolster his narrative of Russia regaining its mantle as a world power and serious Middle East player.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Baghdadi’s warning suggested that he feared military defeat would drain the group’s global cachet, leaving Al Qaeda to inherit the jihadist mantle.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 覆盖物; 幕; 披风; 斗篷
vt. &vi. 覆盖
时态：mantled, mantling, mantles
分布：覆盖(38%)，斗篷(30%)，覆盖物(21%)，笼罩(5%)，脸红(3%)，墙的外皮(3%)
→来自拉丁语mantum,披风，斗篷，-le,小词后缀。最终可能来自凯尔特语。引申词义责任，衣钵。
【记】读：man头，能露出男人头的东西－披风
US [-tˌl] noun
RESPONSIBILITY 责任
only singular formal
■the responsibilities of an important position or job, especially as given from the person who had the job to the person who replaces them （尤指前任留给继任者的）责任，衣钵
• She unsuccessfully attempted to assume the mantle of presidency. 她想接任总统，但未成功。
• He has been asked to take on the mantle of managing director in the New York office. 他获邀请出任纽约办事处总经理一职。
UK ['mæn.tl] US [-tˌl] noun
LAYER 层
countable literary
■a layer of something which covers a surface 覆盖层
• A thick mantle of snow lay on the ground. 地上积着一层厚厚的雪。
• We watched the building vanish under a mantle of thick grey smoke as the fire swiftly moved through it. 大火在楼内迅速蔓延，我们看到大楼被灰色的浓烟吞噬。
countable specialized
■the part of the Earth that surrounds the central core 地幔
countable
■in the past, a piece of clothing without sleeves which was worn over other clothes （旧时的）披风，斗篷
n. 地幔； [服装] 斗篷；覆盖物
 - covering, pella
vi. 覆盖；脸红
 - cover with, write over
vt. 覆盖
 - invest, house, sheet, roof, cap

Word: exterior
Front: exterior
[ɪkˈstɪəriə(r)] (研四六托雅 8761/8714 -1)
Vocabulary: exterior
(once / 735 pages)
adjn
Something that's exterior is on the outside of some structure or object. An exterior door on a house opens to the outdoors, rather than connecting one room to another.
Exterior house paint is made for painting the shingles or siding of your home, not the walls of your living room, and the exterior finish of a car is on the outside. You can also use exterior as a noun, to mean the outside of something: "The exterior of this salad bowl is a weird shade of yellow." Exterior is a Latin word, a comparative of exterus, "on the outside, outward, or foreign."
WORD FAMILY
exterior: exteriorise, exteriorize, exteriorly, exteriors+/exteriorise: exteriorisation/exteriorize: exteriorization, exteriorized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Planned work on the 161-year-old home includes mechanical system upgrades, landscape and grounds improvements, security enhancements and interior and exterior restoration work.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From the exterior, the building possesses none of Prince’s flash.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Exterior materials include stainless steel, stucco and concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 外部，外面，表面，外形，外观; 外貌; [影视]外景，[戏，影视]户外布景
adj. 外面的，外部的，外表上的，表面的
分布：外部(67%)，外表(19%)，外部的(6%)，外景(4%)，表面的(3%)，户外的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-ter, 比较级后缀，见alternate.
外部的,外形的(exter+ior表形容词,如：interior内部的)[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
外部的(exter外)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a.外部的,外面的n.外部The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■outer; on or from the outside 外面的；外表的；外来的
• In some of the villages the exterior walls of the houses are painted pink. 在一些村子里，房屋外墙被漆成粉红色。
• Exterior to the main house there is a small building that could be used as an office or studio. 房屋的主要单位外有一个小屋，可以用作办公室或工作间。
⇒ See also external
UK [ɪk'stɪə.ri.ər] US [-'stɪr.i.ɚ] noun countable
■the outside part of something or someone 外部；外表；外面
• The Palace of Fontainebleau has a very grand exterior. 枫丹白露宫殿的外观雄伟壮丽。
• The exterior of the house needs painting. 房屋的外墙要漆一漆了。
• There are shutters on the exterior of the windows. 窗子外面装有百叶窗。
• Behind that cold exterior there's a passionate man. 这是个外表冷酷内心炽热的男人。
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 外部的；表面的；外在的
 - outer, outside, surface, facial
n. 外部；表面；外型；外貌
 - aspect, without, colour

Word: aggravate
Front: aggravate
[ˈægrəveɪt] (研六托雅宝 9820/9460 -1)
Vocabulary: aggravate
(once / 813 pages)
1v 2v
People who chew with their mouths open often aggravate the people near them, meaning that they exasperate their neighbors.
One trick for remembering the meaning of aggravate is to recall that it rhymes with one of its synonyms, irritate. When you irritate, you aggravate. Younger brothers often aggravate their older brothers, because they find it entertaining to get a reaction out of them. Aggravate is also used is to mean "make worse." For example, if you have an old knee injury, it's probably best not to climb Mount Everest, because you might aggravate the injury. If your house is in foreclosure, calling your banker an ugly name is likely only to aggravate the situation. Try a little sweet talk instead!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aggravate / irritate
Aggravate means to make something worse, and irritate is to annoy. But if you use aggravate to mean "annoy," no one will notice. That battle has been lost in all but the most formal writing.
To aggravate is to make something go from bad to worse. Yet aggravate was first listed as meaning, "exasperate, annoy" in A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues by Randal Cotgrave in 1611. But it's not exactly the same as irritate, darn it, and the sentences below get it right. In the news, aggravated often goes with battery, which is worse than simple battery (beating someone up), and carries a tougher punishment:
Knight was arrested for aggravated battery and resisting a police officer. (Chicago Tribune)
Tapia, 27, was charged after the confrontation with several counts of aggravated battery on a police officer and resisting arrest. (Reuters)
Regardless of pH levels, high-fat meats, dairy products, caffeine, chocolate, carbonated beverages, fried foods, alcohol and mints are known to aggravate reflux symptoms. (New York Times)
Irritate means to annoy someone. If you try to use irritate in the sentences above, it doesn't work as well. Irritate also means to inflame a part of the body, and in that sense, aggravate won't do:
Bedbugs don't spread disease, but they can irritate skin. (WebMD)
Gold chains are also very irritating to the neck and arms of an infant. (Eliza Leslie)
Despite four hundred years of English speakers using aggravate to mean annoy or irritate, there is a shade of difference. If you make something worse, you aggravate the situation. A bedbug will irritate your skin. If you're determined to annoy, use either.
WORD FAMILY
aggravate: aggravated, aggravates, aggravating, aggravation, aggravator+/ aggravated: aggravatedly/aggravating: aggravatingest, aggravatingly/ aggravation: aggravations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He caught a pass near the sideline, but seemed to aggravate his knee injury, and hobbled off the field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The evidence showed ordinary negligence, a prosecutor’s letter said, but not “an aggravated kind of negligence or carelessness” required to file felony charges.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He faces a charge of aggravated child abuse.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 加重，使恶化; 使恼火; 激怒
时态：aggravated, aggravating, aggravates
分布：恶化(71%)，严重(29%)
→前缀ag-同ad-, 向，往。词根grav, 重，见gravity, 重力。
恶化(ag+grav重+ate病加重)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
加重,恶化(ag加+grav+ate→加重)[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
vt.加重(剧),使恶化;激怒,使恼火Grief aggravated his illness.痛苦加重了他的病情.
【记】ag作，grav重，ate动词后缀－使加重
【参】gravity（n 庄重；地球引力）；gravitation（n 引力作用）
【反】succor（vt 援助）；ameliorate（v 改进）；alleviate（vt 减轻）；console（vt 安慰）；allay（vt 减轻；减少）
verb transitive
MAKE WORSE 使更糟
■to make a bad situation worse 使（局势等）更严重，加剧
• Attempts to restrict parking in the city centre have further aggravated the problem of traffic congestion. 在市中心限制停车的试验方案使交通挤塞的问题更加严重。
■to make a disease worse 使（病情）恶化，加重
• The treatment only aggravated the condition. 这种疗法反而使病情恶化。
['æg.rə.veɪt] verb transitive
ANNOY 使生气 informal
■to annoy someone 激怒，使恼火
• Stop aggravating me, will you! 别再气我了，好不好！
provoke, aggravate, irritate
这组词都有“激怒”的意思，其区别是：
provoke: 指激起某人强烈的愤怒，以致令人作出反应。
aggravate: 口语用词。指因长时间的反复言行而引起不快、烦躁或恼怒。
irritate: 通常指因受到不愉快的刺激而失去耐性，变得烦燥或恼怒。
increase, reinforce, intensify, strengthen, aggravate
这组词都有“加强”的意思，其区别是：
increase: v.指数量上的增加。
 • The number of people has been increased.   人数增加了。
reinforce: v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。
 • A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.   一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。
intensify: v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。
 • intensify colors   加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨
strengthen: v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。
 • Exercising every day strengthens the heart.   每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
 • Competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.   人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
aggravate: v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。
 • I hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.   我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
enhance, raise, heighten, intensify, aggravate
enhance: 提高，增强：靠增添某种能增强物质的价值、魅力或声望的东西以指某物超出常规水平或通常的喜人程度或吸引力
raise: 提高，增强，养育，种植，饲养
heighten: 提高到超出平常、陈腐或平庸之辈的承程度，并在尖锐和深刻方面有所增强，表示常规合习惯，现状的升级，侧重加强加深加重
intensify: 一物的加深加强强化到很显著、罕见的深度式强度，尤其是在其特性方面
aggravate: 明显加强了那已是令人不快、困难重重的环境，条件的严重性，说明严重性的增加，要求给与注意
vt. 加重；使恶化；激怒
 - anger, complicate

Word: Norwegian
Front: Norwegian
[nɔː(r)'wiːdʒ(ə)n] (9813/8036)
Back: adj. 挪威的；挪威语的；挪威人的
n. 挪威语；挪威人
分布：挪威的(47%)，挪威人(35%)，挪威语(13%)，挪威语的(3%)，挪威人的(2%)
US [nɔ:r-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Norway 挪威的
UK [nɔ:'wi:.dʒən] US [nɔ:r-] noun
countable
■a person from Norway 挪威人
uncountable
■the language of Norway 挪威语
adj. 挪威的；挪威人的；挪威语的
 - norse
n. 挪威人；挪威语
 - Norsk

Word: haul
Front: haul
[hɔ:l] (研六托雅 4191/5364 -2)
Vocabulary: haul
(once / 303 pages)
vn
To haul is to move or take something, usually big and heavy, and put it somewhere else. If you've ever moved to a new house, then you know that having to haul all your stuff there can really take the joy out of moving into a new place.
You'll want to reserve haul for situations in which carrying something takes a lot of effort and ain't a lot of fun. You don't haul a sack of feathers, for example. You haul a bag of boulders, or a box of books. Haul is usually a verb, but you can also use it as a noun, when you're talking about lot of something that you caught or won. We went digging for clams—look at our haul! After winning at blackjack, take your haul and hit the road. Don't risk losing it all on roulette.
WORD FAMILY
haul: haulage, hauled, hauler, hauling, hauls+/hauler: haulers/hauling: haulings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the GOP’s top promise — to end Obamacare — remains a tough haul.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But he says too often people who discover old grenades or a mortar shell will haul it to the police station.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He also reprimanded the American ambassador and hauled 10 other countries into the foreign ministry to express Israel’s displeasure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 拖，拉
vt. 运送; 传讯
n. 拖; 大批赃物; 一网的捕获量; 拖运货物的距离
vi. 强迫（某人）去某处
时态：hauled, hauling, hauls
分布：拖(46%)，拉(38%)，拖运(11%)，搬运(5%)
→来自中古英语halen,拉升，抬高，原指航海时升帆，拉索，可能来自kel,叫，呼喊，词源同call,claim.引申词义水手升帆时喊的号子。或来自kel,升起，举起，词源同hill,excel.后词义由向上拉扩展为向前拉，运输，搬运等。
v.拖曳,拖运,用力拖The consul's consultant hauled out the assaulter from the vault.领事的顾问把袭击者从地窖中拖了出来.
US [hɑ:l] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to pull something heavy slowly and with difficulty （用力）拉，拖（重物）
• They hauled the boat out of the water. 他们把船拉上了岸。
• She hauled herself up into the tree. 她费劲地爬上了树。
UK [hɔ:l] US [hɑ:l] verb transitive
haul ass US offensive
■to move very quickly to a different place 快速散开
• When the shooting started we hauled ass out of there. 枪击开始后，我们就赶快离开了那里。
UK [hɔ:l] US [hɑ:l] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M often passive] haul sb up informal
■to force someone to go somewhere or see someone in order to be punished or to answer questions about their behaviour 强制（某人）（去某处或见某人以接受惩罚或解释其行为）
• He was hauled up in court/in front of a magistrate. 他被法庭／地方法官传讯。
UK [hɔ:l] US [hɑ:l] noun countable
AMOUNT 数量
■a usually large amount of something that has been stolen or is illegal （赃物或非法物品的）一大批，大量
• a haul of arms/drugs 大量的武器／毒品
UK [hɔ:l] US [hɑ:l] noun countable
FISH 鱼
■the amount of fish caught （鱼的）捕获量
• Fishermen have been complaining of poor hauls all year. 渔民们整年都在抱怨捕的鱼太少。
UK [hɔ:l] US [hɑ:l] noun countable
PERIOD OF TIME 一段时间
■a journey, often a difficult one, or a period of effort （常指艰苦的）旅程
• From there it was a long haul/only a short haul (= long and difficult/short and easy journey) back to our camp. 从那里回到我们的营地是一段漫长而艰辛／短暂而轻松的旅程。
• It was a long haul (= It took a long time and was difficult) , but the alterations to the house are finished at last. 经过一段漫长而又艰苦的岁月，房屋改建终于完成了。
long-haul flight/short-haul flight
■a long/short journey by air 长／短途飞行
draw, jerk, tow, pull, drag, haul, tug
这组词都有“拖、拉”的意思，其区别是：
draw: 指将人或物朝出力者的方向拖，不涉及力的大小，含平稳意味，常作借喻用。
jerk: 指快而突然地拉。
tow: 特指用绳子或链条等拖或拉本身无动力或无法使用自身动力的东西。
pull: 最普通用词，包含本组其它各词的一些意思，可指朝各个方向拉，侧重一时或突然拉动的动作。
drag: 指沿斜坡而上或水平方向缓慢地拖或拉十分沉重的人或物。作借喻时可指把人硬拉扯过来。
haul: 指用力拖或拉，不涉及方向，多作航海用词。
tug: 多指一阵阵地用力拖或拉，但不一定使被拉的人或物移动。
n. 拖，拉；用力拖拉；努力得到的结果；捕获物；一网捕获的鱼量；拖运距离
 - pull, catch, drag
vt. [交] 拖运；拖拉
 - drag one's feet
vi. 拖，拉；改变主意；改变方向
 - draw, pull

Word: insanity
Front: insanity
[ɪnˈsænəti] (六托宝 9821/14784)
Vocabulary: insanity
(once / 998 pages)
n
Insanity is an ongoing state of extreme mental illness, which may cause abnormal or antisocial behaviors. If you bark at cats and meow at dogs, you might suffer from insanity.
The noun insanity originates from the Latin word insanitatem, meaning "unhealthfulness" relating to the mind. It is believed that master artist Vincent van Gogh, who cut off his ear and gave it to a prostitute, experienced periods of insanity. But this term can also refer to things people perceive as unconventional or foolish, like your neighbor who quit his job, sold all his belongings, and bought a boat to sail around the world.
WORD FAMILY
insanity: insanities+/ insane: insanely, insaneness, insaner, insanest, insanity / sane: insane, sanely, saneness, saner, sanest, sanity / sanity: sanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few years ago, Ms. Billingsley was reduced to what she, herself, considered an act of insanity.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It just shouldn’t be rising at 30 percent a year. That’s where you cross the line into insanity.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And the US president elect predicted the "insanity" of the project would bankrupt Scotland, and destroy Mr Salmond's hopes for Scottish independence.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 疯狂; 精神失常; 精神病
分布：疯狂(49%)，精神错乱(46%)，荒唐(5%)
→来自insane,精神失常。
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■when someone is seriously mentally ill 精神错乱，精神失常
• He was found not guilty of murder by reason of insanity. 他因为精神失常而未被裁定犯有杀人罪。
• He suffered from periodic bouts of insanity. 他患有周期性精神失常。
■when something is not sensible and is likely to have extremely bad results 疯狂；失去理智
• It would be insanity to expand the business now. 现在扩大经营规模简直是疯了。
n. 疯狂；精神错乱； [内科] 精神病；愚顽
 - madness, flightiness

Word: consulting
Front: consulting
[kən'sʌltɪŋ] (6494/12137)
Back: adj. 商议的，顾问资格的，咨询的
v. 商议，商量( consult的现在分词 ); 请教; 翻阅; 求教于
分布：咨询(91%)，咨询的(6%)，商议的(1%)，顾问的(1%)，动词consult的现在分词.(1%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective [before noun]
■giving advice on a particular subject 提供咨询的，顾问的
• a consulting lawyer/engineer 咨询律师／工程师
adj. 咨询的，商议的；顾问的，任专职顾问的
 - advisory, directory

Word: exaggerated
Front: exaggerated
[ɪgˈzædʒəreɪtɪd] (9824/9484 -K2)
Vocabulary: exaggerated
(once / 570 pages)
adj
Exaggerated describes something that's been overstated, or described as more impressive than it really is. Your exaggerated details stretched the truth, but they sure made your story funny and memorable.
Something that is exaggerated is described as better or bigger than it actually is, like your exaggerated description of the terrible day you had. Exaggerated can also describe something that is oversized, like the exaggerated collar on a funky sweater. The original meaning of exaggerated, in the early 1500s, was "piled up or accumulated." To spell exaggerate correctly, think of bragger.
WORD FAMILY
exaggerated: exaggeratedly+/ exaggerate: exaggerated, exaggerates, exaggerating, exaggeration / exaggeration: exaggerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harry B. Harris told an audience in Australia recently that “reports of America’s abandonment of the Indo-Asia-Pacific are greatly exaggerated.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s hard not to use very exaggerated terms when you are talking about this, because it really is a pretty major step forward,” Brandsema said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Audiences laughed nervously at the exaggerated absurdity of it all.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 夸大的，言过其实的; 过大的，逾常的
v. （使）扩大( exaggerate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：夸大的(84%)，言过其辞的(11%)，动词exaggerate的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
ADJ-GRADED
夸大的;夸张的;言过其实的
Something that is exaggerated is or seems larger, better, worse, or more important than it actually needs to be.
例：They should be sceptical of exaggerated claims for what such courses can achieve...对于那些课程能够取得何等成果的夸大宣传，他们应该持怀疑态度。
例：Western fears, he insists, are greatly exaggerated.他坚持说，西方的恐惧被过分夸大了。
adj. 夸张的，言过其实的
 - melodramatic, turgescent

Word: cornerstone
Front: cornerstone
[ˈkɔ:nəstəʊn] (9822/13995 -1)
Vocabulary: cornerstone
(once / 5755 pages)
1n 2n
A cornerstone is literally a stone at the corner of a building. It’s an important stone, so it also means “the basic part of something,” as in, the cornerstone of the suffragette movement was getting women the right to vote.
When a building goes up, putting in the cornerstone is a big deal and people celebrate. Many cornerstones are engraved with historical information about the building, such as the year the building was built. The cornerstone is sometimes made of a different material from the rest of the building too. From the sense of "foundation," cornerstone also means "essential element.” If you’re really into Italian food, you might say that pasta is the cornerstone of your diet.
WORD FAMILY
cornerstone: cornerstones
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At every event, I talk about how health is the cornerstone to our prosperity,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
China’s government wants to turn the country into a soccer power, and a cornerstone of the plan is improving its top domestic league.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
International collaboration and shared responsibility must be cornerstones of serious attempts to prevent catastrophic outcomes.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 奠基石; 基础; 最重要部份; 柱石
分布：奠基石(93%)，隅石(7%)
US ['kɔ:r.nɚ.stoʊn] noun countable
■a stone in a corner of a building, especially one with the date when the building was made or other writing on it 基石；（尤指）奠基石
■something of great importance which everything else depends on 基础，根本
• In most countries, the family unit is still the cornerstone of society. 在大多数国家，家庭仍然是社会的基础单位。
n. 基础；柱石；地基
 - elements, basis, bed, radical, sole

Word: geometric
Front: geometric
[ˌdʒi:əˈmetrɪk] (托 9848/8204 -1)
Back: adj. 几何学的; 成几何级数增减的; 几何装饰的
分布：几何学的(79%)，几何学图形的(21%)
[ˌdʒi:.ə'met.rɪk] (also geometrical)
adjective
■describes a pattern or arrangement that is made up of shapes such as squares, triangles or rectangles 几何图形的，几何的
• a geometric design of overlapping circles 重叠的圆形几何图案

Word: seductive
Front: seductive
[sɪˈdʌktɪv] (9826/14352 -1)
Vocabulary: seductive
(once / 2265 pages)
adj
Seductive is an adjective that describes the fascinating magnetic pull that someone or something has, an attractive quality that tempts you in some way.
A seductive person catches your eye and won’t let it go. The word comes from the Latin seducere, meaning “draw aside.” When someone draws your attention aside from whatever you’re doing, that is a seductive person. Radio people often have seductive voices that lull you to sleep, and stores put their most seductive items in the front window in hopes that you’ll be tempted to come inside and buy them.
WORD FAMILY
seductive: seductively, unseductive
USAGE EXAMPLES
How do I say this — the music is also violent but there’s something that’s seductive in that.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
As seductive as the idea and as likable as its executor are, the anthology is handicapped by two serious problems.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Still, you won't find Phasma in the scantily clad role of the hero nor will you see her as the stereotypical slithering, seductive female villain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 诱惑的，引诱的; 有魅力的; 性感的; 引人注意的
分布：有魅力的(40%)，诱惑的(34%)，引人注意的(26%)
→seduction,诱惑力，魅力，-ive,形容词后缀。
adjective
PERSUADING 引诱
■intended to seduce someone 诱人的；诱惑的
• It was a seductive black evening dress. 这是一件性感的黑色晚礼服。
• She gave him a seductive look. 她挑逗性地看了他一眼。
[sɪ'dʌk.tɪv] adjective
ATTRACTING 吸引
■making you want to do, have or believe something, because of seeming attractive 有诱惑力的；有魅力的
• Television confronts the viewer with a succession of glittering and seductive images. 电视为观众展现一连串光彩夺目引人入胜的影像。
• The argument that sanctions should be given more time to work is seductive but fatally flawed. 制裁若要产生效果尚需时日，这一个论点很有说服力，但有致命的漏洞。
adj. 有魅力的；性感的；引人注意的
 - attractive, catching

Word: luncheon
Front: luncheon
[ˈlʌntʃən] (六 9818/10081 -1)
Vocabulary: luncheon
(once / 510 pages)
n
A luncheon is lunch, but more formal. You might be served watercress sandwiches and fruit salad at a book club luncheon, while plain old lunch might be burgers and fries at the diner.
The word luncheon makes its first appearance in English in the late 1500s, in phrases like "a luncheon of bread and cheese." Originally it meant "a thick piece, a hunk" — like a big chunk of bread slathered with cheese. The word may have come from the Spanish lonja, "slice." By the early 19th century, luncheon had taken the formal route, and its abbreviated form, lunch, came to mean the more casual version of the midday meal.
WORD FAMILY
luncheon: luncheons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Indiana governor will speak at a luncheon Friday in downtown Chicago.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But now Philips said she’s glad her group will be at Mar-a-Lago again this year for its Hab-a-Hearts luncheon on March 20.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Ross spoke at the bowl luncheon several times during his four-year tenure in Detroit.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 午餐; 午餐会; 午宴; 两餐之间吃的一点食物
分布：午宴(91%)，正式的午餐(9%)
→来自lunch的原拼写形式，后用于指正式的午餐。
noun countable or uncountable formal for
■ lunch
luncheon, lunch
这组词都有“午餐”的意思，其区别是：
luncheon: 比lunch正式而优雅。指在某一特定场合举行的非常正式的午餐。
lunch: 普通用词，系luncheon的略语。

Word: called
Front: called
[kɔ:ld] (9823/18620)
Back: v. 叫( call的过去式和过去分词 ); 通电话; 认为; 估计
分布：打电话(66%)，呼叫(16%)，访问(11%)，召唤(5%)，把 ...称为(1%)，把 ... 看作(1%)
VERB
叫;称呼;将…命名;给…起名字
If you call someone or something by a particular name or title, you give them that name or title.
例：I always wanted to call the dog Mufty for some reason...不知怎么的,我老想把这条狗唤作穆夫提。
例：'Doctor...' — 'Will you please call me Sarah?'...“大夫…”——“就叫我萨拉好了。”
VERB
把…说成;认为…是;将…称为
If you call someone or something a particular thing, you suggest they are that thing or describe them as that thing.
例：The speech was interrupted by members of the Conservative Party, who called him a traitor...演说被保守党人士打断,他们称他是叛徒。
例：I wouldn't call it a burden; I call it a responsibility...我不觉得这是负担;我觉得它是一种责任。
VERB
喊;叫；大声说出
If you call something, you say it in a loud voice, because you are trying to attract someone's attention.
例：He could hear the others downstairs in different parts of the house calling his name...他听到其他人从楼下不同地方喊他的名字。
例：'Boys!' she called again.“小子们!”她又叫道。
VERB
打电话给…;给…打电话
If you call someone, you telephone them.
例：Would you call me as soon as you find out?...你一弄清楚了就给我打电话好吗?
例：A friend of mine gave me this number to call...一个朋友要我打这个号码。
VERB
(通常指打电话)呼叫,叫,召唤
If you call someone such as a doctor or the police, you ask them to come to you, usually by telephoning them.
例：He screamed for his wife to call an ambulance...他尖叫着让他老婆打电话叫救护车。
例：One night he was called to see a woman with tuberculosis.一天夜里,有人打来电话,请他去给一位患肺结核的妇女看病。
VERB
喊;呼唤
If you call someone, you ask them to come to you by shouting to them.
例：She called her young son: 'Here, Stephen, come and look at this!'...她喊她的小儿子:“喂,斯蒂芬,过来看看这个!”
例：He called me over the Tannoy.他用天朗扩音器喊我。
N-COUNT
打电话
When you make a telephone call, you telephone someone.
例：I made a phone call to the United States to talk to a friend...我打电话给美国的一个朋友。
例：I've had hundreds of calls from other victims...我已经接到了其他受害人打来的上百个电话。
VERB
召集(会议、排练等);宣布举行(选举等)
If someone in authority calls something such as a meeting, rehearsal, or election, they arrange for it to take place at a particular time.
例：The Committee decided to call a meeting of the All India Congress...委员会决定召开国大党会议。
例：The RSC was calling a press conference to announce the theatre's closure...皇家莎士比亚剧团要召开新闻发布会,宣布剧院关闭。
VERB
传唤(某人出庭等)
If someone is called before a court or committee, they are ordered to appear there, usually to give evidence.
例：The child waited two hours before she was called to give evidence...小女孩等了两个小时才被传唤进去作证。
例：I was called as an expert witness.我作为专家证人被传唤出庭。
VERB
短暂停留;访问;拜访
If you call somewhere, you make a short visit there.
例：A market researcher called at the house where he was living...一位市场调查人员造访了他的住处。
例：Andrew now came almost weekly to call.现在安德鲁几乎每星期都来。
VERB
(火车、公共汽车、船舶)停靠,停留
When a train, bus, or ship calls somewhere, it stops there for a short time to allow people to get on or off.
例：The steamer calls at several ports along the way.一路上,汽船在好几个港口停靠。
VERB
取消(比赛等)
To call a game or sporting event means to cancel it, for example because of rain or bad light.
例：The second game of the series had ended in a 3-3 tie after ten innings when the game was called on account of darkness...系列赛第二场在十局过后,双方战成3比3平，此时由于天黑,比赛取消。
例：We called the next game.我们取消了下一场比赛。
N-COUNT
号召;呼吁;号令
If there is a call for something, someone demands that it should happen.
例：There have been calls for a new kind of security arrangement...不少人呼吁出台新的安全措施。
例：Almost all workers heeded a call by the trade unions to stay at home for the duration of the strike.工会号召工人在罢工期间呆在家里,几乎所有工人都响应了这一号召。
N-UNCOUNT
需要;需求
If there is little or no call for something, very few people want it to be done or provided.
例：'Have you got just plain chocolate?' — 'No, I'm afraid there's not much call for that.'“你们有纯巧克力吗?”——“没有,恐怕那东西没几个人要。”
N-SING
吸引力;魅力
The call of something such as a place is the way it attracts or interests you strongly.
例：You must be feeling exhilarated by the call of the new.新鲜事物的魅力一定让你兴奋不已。
N-COUNT
(鸟、兽的)叫声
The call of a particular bird or animal is the characteristic sound that it makes.
例：...the plaintive call of a whale.鲸的哀鸣
例：...a wide range of animal noises and bird calls.各种各样的鸟兽叫声
PHRASE
优先购买(或使用)权
If you have first call on something, you will be asked before anyone else whether you want to buy or use it.
例：Why should they get first call on the best property?凭什么最好的房产尽着他们先挑?
PHRASE
没必要;不该
If you say that there is no call for someone to behave in a particular way, you are criticizing their behaviour, usually because you think it is rude.
例：There was no call for him to single you out from all the others.这么多人中，他不该专挑你。
PHRASE
随时待命的;随叫随到的
If someone is on call, they are ready to go to work at any time if they are needed, especially if there is an emergency.
例：In theory I'm on call day and night.从理论上说,我现在昼夜待命。
例：...a doctor on call.随叫随到的医生
PHRASE
打电话请病假
If you call in sick, you telephone the place where you work to tell them you will not be coming to work because you are ill.
例：'Shouldn't you be at work today?' — 'I called in sick.'“你今天不是应该上班的吗?”“我打电话请过病假了。”
v. 打电话（call的过去式）；呼叫；访问
 - visited

Word: problem-solving
Front: problem-solving
None None
Back: 问题解决
分布：问题解决的(100%)
n. 解决问题；找出问题的答案
 - trouble-shooting

Word: wreath
Front: wreath
[ri:θ] (研四六 9842/12327 -1)
Vocabulary: wreath
(once / 638 pages)
n
Got a wreath on your front door? That's one of those ring-shaped bands of flowers or foliage that people use for decoration. Wreaths go back to ancient times and maybe the circular shape symbolizes the eternal.
You can also wear a wreath. If you feel like dancing around the maypole or celebrating your Olympic victory, you might wear a wreath of spring flowers or laurels on your head. You might also want to remember someone who's passed away by placing a wreath on their grave. Wreaths don’t have to be green — you can carve gold or wood into a wreath or you can even have a mountain peak with a wreath of clouds around it.
WORD FAMILY
wreath: wreaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
A wreath adorns the balcony outside the room, where he was felled by a bullet.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The two will lay a wreath on the USS Arizona Memorial that honors fallen U.S. troops from the Pearl Harbor attacks.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He lay a wreath at the National Memorial of the Pacific, accompanied by the memorial's director James Horton.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 花环; 花圈; （烟、云等的）圈状物; 环状物
v. 环绕
分布：花圈(55%)，花环(31%)，花冠(14%)
→来自wer,弯，转，编织，词源同wring,versus。引申义编成的花环，花冠。词义演变比较crown，coronal.
n.花环,花圈Beneath (Underneath) the wreath the deaf man near death is out of breath.花环下面那个快要死的聋子喘不过气来.
(/ri:ðz/ plural wreaths)
noun countable
■an arrangement of flowers and leaves in a circular shape, which is used as a decoration or as a sign of respect and remembrance for a person who has died 花环；花圈
• a holly/laurel wreath 圣诞冬青花环／桂冠
• The bride wore a veil with a wreath of silk flowers. 新娘戴着一块饰有丝绸花环的面纱。
• There were two large wreaths on the coffin. 棺材上摆放着两个巨大花圈。
• The President ended his visit by laying a wreath at the war memorial. 总统向战争纪念碑敬献花圈，以此结束他的访问。
n. [轻] 花冠；圈状物
 - crown, lei, corolla
vt. 环绕（等于wreathe）
 - zone, environ
vi. 盘旋（等于wreathe）
 - orbit, serpentuate

Word: proprietary
Front: proprietary
[prəˈpraɪətri] (宝 9835/8231 -1)
Vocabulary: proprietary
(once / 1945 pages)
1adj 2n
If you own something, especially something of value, then you have proprietary rights. The word is most often used in relation to new inventions or patents.
Proprietary refers to property: things that are owned by individuals or businesses. People talk about proprietary drugs, proprietary software, and other things that can only be made and sold by those who discovered or created them. A proprietary claim is usually protected by trademark or copyright. When you say you have a proprietary right to something you're saying to everyone else: "Hands off! This is mine." Years ago, owners of small mom-and-pop stores were known as proprietors.
WORD FAMILY
proprietary: nonproprietary, proprietaries, proprietarily+/ proprietor: proprietary, proprietors, proprietorship/proprietorship: proprietorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Founded in 1768 before publicly funded libraries existed, the "proprietary subscription library" is believed to be the oldest of its kind in the UK.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Western trade groups said China may use the security reviews to discriminate against foreign companies and force them to transfer proprietary technology.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The company’s research is aided by proprietary software called Riff, which generates feeds based on niche viral keywords.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 专有的，专利的; 所有（人）的; （商品）专卖的
n. 所有权，所有物; 所有人; 专卖药品; 独家制造（及销售）的产品
分布：所有权(53%)，专利的(23%)，所有权的(14%)，所有人(10%)
→来自proper,自己的，私人的，-ary,形容词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：property（n 财产）
US [-ter.i] adjective [before noun]
■relating to ownership, or relating to or like an owner 所有（人）的，业主的
• I just assumed he owned the place - he had a proprietary air about him. 我理所当然以为这个地方是他的——他有一副主人的架势。
■describes goods which are made and sent out by a particular company whose name is on the product 专有的；专卖的
• proprietary medicines 专利药品
n. [法] 所有权；所有人
 - ownership, holder
adj. [法] 所有的；专利的；私人拥有的
 - any, having, patent

Word: troublesome
Front: troublesome
[ˈtrʌblsəm] (高研四六托 9839/9603 -1)
Vocabulary: troublesome
(once / 637 pages)
adj
If something is troublesome, it annoys you or gives you difficulty. Your troublesome old car, for example, might be unreliable and have a history of breaking down at the most inconvenient moments.
Use the adjective troublesome to describe things — or people — that are worrisome or inconvenient. A troublesome stomach virus will keep you home from work, and a troublesome teenager is a constant source of anxiety and frustration for his parents. The word troublesome adds the suffix some, "tending to or causing," to trouble, which has a Latin Latin root, turbidare, "make trouble or make turbid." Turbid, by the way, means "muddy or full of confusion."
WORD FAMILY
troublesome: troublesomely, troublesomeness, troublesomest+/ trouble: troubled, troubler, troubles, troublesome, troubling, troublous/troubled: troubleder, troubledly, untroubled/troubler: troublers/ troubling: troublingly/troublous: troublously/untroubled: untroubledly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is still carrying all the troublesome volumes, but owner Paul Tang says it is seeing far fewer customers than at this time last year.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Xinhua noted a "troublesome start" to 2016, probably referring to a sharp fall in the yuan and worry about China's slowing economy roiling markets worldwide.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
The troublesome aspect to all of this is the lack of new cadets entering the ranks.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人讨厌的; 令人烦恼的; 引起麻烦的; （孩子等）难管的
分布：讨厌的(51%)，棘手的(25%)，令人烦恼的(15%)，困难的(9%)
→trouble,麻烦，-some,形容词后缀。
a.令人烦恼的,讨厌的Her poor English is very troublesome for her.英语不好使她很苦恼.
adjective
■causing a lot of problems for someone 令人烦恼的；讨厌的；麻烦的，棘手的
• Her hip has been troublesome for quite a while, and she'll probably need surgery on it. 她的髋部有很长一段时间都不舒服，可能需要动手术。
• The negotiations have proven more troublesome than any of us expected. 谈判比我们所有人事先想像的都要棘手。
adj. 麻烦的；讨厌的；使人苦恼的
 - tight, evil, rank, unpleasant

Word: enclosure
Front: enclosure
[ɪnˈkləʊʒə(r)] (研六托雅宝 9856/6621 -1)
Vocabulary: enclosure
(once / 816 pages)
1n 2n
An enclosure is something that closes you in, like a pen or a cage. When a cobra disappeared from an enclosure at the Bronx Zoo, the entire Reptile House had to be shut down until the snake was found.
An enclosure can also be something that's included in an envelope with a cover letter of some sort. If you're sending a letter to your literary agent and you’re including a few pages of your latest limericks, you might put "enc." at the bottom of the letter, to indicate that you've included something extra in the envelope — an enclosure.
WORD FAMILY
enclosure: enclosures+/ close: closed, closely, closeness, closer, closes, closest, closing, closure, enclose /closeness: closenesses/closer: closers/closing: closings/ closure: closured, closures, closuring/ enclose: enclosed, encloses, enclosing, enclosure / enclosed: self-enclosed, unenclosed
USAGE EXAMPLES
In May, a three-year-old child fell into an enclosure at Cincinnati Zoo.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The dolphins will be flown to San Felipe, and remain in temporary floating enclosures, until directed to conduct a search of a certain area.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It started on May 28, when a child fell into the gorilla enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 圈占; 围绕; 圈占地; 附件
分布：围墙(48%)，附件(41%)，围绕(11%)
包围,围绕(enclose+ure)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
围占,包围(en进入+close关闭)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
n.围住,圈起,封入,附件A cage is an enclosure for birds.笼子是养鸟的地方.
US [-'kloʊ.ʒɚ] noun
SURROUNDED 围住的
countable
■an area surrounded by fences or walls 围起来的区域；围场；围地
• the members' enclosure （体育场中的）会员观众席
countable or uncountable
■when people put fences around land 圈地
• An early example of privatization was the enclosure of public land for use by wealthy landlords. 早期私有化的一个例子是，富有的地主圈占公共土地据为己有。
UK [ɪn'kləʊ.ʒər] US [-'kloʊ.ʒɚ] noun
SENT 发送
countable
■something that is put in the same envelope or parcel as something else （信或包裹中的）附件
n. 附件； [建] 围墙；围场
 - attachment, attached sheet

Word: disposable
Front: disposable
[dɪˈspəʊzəbl] (宝 9833/9628 -1)
Vocabulary: disposable
(once / 6743 pages)
nadj
Something disposable is not meant to last. It's OK to throw it out after you use it.
Disposable diapers are a good example of what the word disposable is all about: after the diaper is used, it goes straight into the trash, and you can't use it again. Something disposable is replaceable. If a boss decides an employee is disposable, that means the employee will probably be fired. As you can imagine, people don't like to feel disposable. Lots of people don't like products that are disposable either. Disposing of things just creates more garbage, which is bad for the environment. Usually, things that are recyclable are better.
WORD FAMILY
disposable: disposables, nondisposable+/ disposal: disposals/ dispose: disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing, disposition, indispose, predispose, redispose/disposed: disposedly/ disposition: dispositions/indispose: indisposed, indisposes, indisposing, indisposition/indisposition: indispositions/ predispose: predisposed, predisposes, predisposing, predisposition / predisposition: predispositions/redispose: redisposed, redisposes, redisposing, redisposition/redisposition: redispositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The figures show consumers really are "lovin' it", yet the concept is also ubiquitous - a familiar, disposable and repeatable experience.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Disposable incomes in the countryside are about one-third of those in big cities.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
For many employers, contingent—or “gig economy”—workers are interchangeable and disposable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 一次性的，可任意处理的; 用后就抛弃的; 免洗的; 可供使用的
n. 〈美口〉使用后随即抛掉的东西（尤指容器等）
分布：一次性的(77%)，可任意处理的(14%)，用完即可丢弃的东西(9%)
→来自dispose, 处理。
【记】dispose（v 处理；处置；部署；使愿意）
US [-'spoʊ-] adjective
■describes a product that is intended to be thrown away after use 用完即弃的，一次性的
• disposable nappies 纸尿布
• a disposable camera 用完即弃相机
• daily disposable contact lenses 日用型即弃隐形眼镜
UK [dɪ'spəʊ.zə.bl] US [-'spoʊ-] noun countable usually plural
■a disposable product, especially a disposable nappy 用完即弃产品（尤指纸尿布）
• paper/plastic/medical disposables 用完即弃纸质／塑胶／医用产品
• Do you use disposables or washable nappies? 你用纸尿布还是可洗涤尿布？

Word: gloomy
Front: gloomy
[ˈglu:mi] (研四六托雅宝 9832/6987 -2)
Vocabulary: gloomy
(once / 213 pages)
adj
Gloomy means "dark and dreary." A cloudy day, a sad song about lost love, your downbeat mood after your team loses a big game — all of these can be called gloomy.
Have you ever been called a Gloomy Gus? If so, you must have been acting depressed or sulky. But you aren't the first to be called that — after all, Gloomy Gus was a comic book character who first appeared in 1904. By the 1940s, this nickname caught on, describing — and possibly adding to the misery — of those who are less happy-seeming than the people around them.
WORD FAMILY
gloomy: gloomier, gloomiest, gloomily, gloominess+/ gloom: gloomful, glooms, gloomy /gloominess: gloominesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Back in China, the situation is even gloomier.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Throughout his campaign for president, Donald Trump painted a gloomy picture of the American economy, scoffing at employment data that he said masked the truth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But there is a retort to the gloomy diagnosis that inequality will always be with us: it was not always so.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 黑暗的; 令人沮丧的; 前景黯淡的; 悲观的，阴郁的
级别：gloomier, gloomiest
分布：阴暗的(73%)，前景黯淡的(16%)，忧闷的(11%)
a.阴暗的,阴沉的,令人沮丧的,阴郁的He looked gloomy.他看来忧郁.
adjective
WITHOUT HOPE 没有希望的
■unhappy and without hope 忧郁；愁闷；沮丧
• a gloomy person/expression 一个愁容满面的人；一个沮丧的表情
• The cemetery is a gloomy place. 墓地是个让人感到压抑的地方。
■with no positive opinions or expectations about a situation 悲观的
• The vet is rather gloomy about my cat's chances of recovery. 兽医对我的猫儿康复表示很不乐观。
• a gloomy economic forecast 令人沮丧的经济形势预测
['glu:.mi] adjective
DARK 黑暗的
■dark in a way that is unpleasant and makes it difficult to see 灰暗的，幽暗的
• What gloomy weather we're having! 今天天气太阴沉了！
• We waited in a gloomy waiting-room. 我们在阴暗的候车室里等着。
melancholy, unhappy, blue, sad, sorrowful, gloomy
这组词都有“忧伤的，悲哀的，伤感的”的意思，其区别是：
melancholy: 指经常性的忧郁或悲哀，多用于文学描写中。
unhappy: 多指日常生活中遇到不如意的事而感到不愉快、不幸，侧重指心理状态。
blue: 非正式用词，语气较随便，指较强烈的忧郁或沮丧。
sad: 最常用词，泛指一切形式的悲伤，着重暂时的不幸或感觉的忧伤。
sorrowful: 多指因丧失亲人等原因所引起的悲哀，也指由于错误而产生的悔恨交加的心情。
gloomy: 指愁眉苦脸，令他人也感到扫兴。
dim, dark, vague, grey, obscure, black, gloomy
这组词都有“完全地或不完全地缺少光亮”的意思，其区别是：
dim: 指光线不足或视力较差，不能清晰地看见物体。
dark: 最普通用词，指缺乏自然光线或人工照明，使某物漆黑无光或光线十分微弱。
vague: 通常作借喻用，形容抽象事物。
grey: 与dark意思相近，但侧重阴暗单调的意味。
obscure: 指因光线不充足而使物体灰暗不清，失去光泽或若隐若现。作借喻时指因复杂、深奥或含糊而难于理解。
black: 侧重颜色是黑色的，有时也指无光的黑暗。
gloomy: 指光线不足或部分光线受阻而出现的阴暗。
adj. 黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的
 - dark, sad, blue, gray, disappointed

Word: scribble
Front: scribble
[ˈskrɪbl] (托宝 9854/10182 -1)
Vocabulary: scribble
(once / 1341 pages)
vn
To scribble is to write something quickly and sloppily. You can also call someone's handwriting, if it's hard to read, a scribble.
Have you ever made a note of something very quickly, and then later when you tried to read it, you couldn't? That's a scribble. People scribble when they need to write fast. The problem with scribbling—-making a scribble-—is that it’s hard to read. Some people have handwriting that is always hard to read: you can call poor handwriting a scribble. Doctors are famous for their scribbles. The Latin root is scribere, "to write."
WORD FAMILY
scribble: scribbled, scribbler, scribbles, scribbling+/scribbler: scribblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this time, Plum was scribbling on posters and a little girl’s jersey nearly an hour after the game.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This happens often, but instead of just audio, Jarmusch scribbles Paterson’s verses across the screen, daring us to really consider the words.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His name is scribbled in child’s writing on a light switch in the bedroom he and his mother shared.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 潦草地书写; 乱写，胡写; 滥写（文学作品等）; [印，纺]粗梳
n. 潦草书写; 乱写; 拙劣文字; 粗制滥造的文章
vi. 乱写，乱涂
时态：scribbled, scribbling, scribbles
分布：乱写(58%)，潦草地书写(21%)，潦草的写法(21%)
→来自 scribe,写，-le,表反复。引申词义乱写，乱画。
乱写,涂鸦(scrib+ble→写→乱写)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】scribb＝scribe（v 写），le乐－一边写一边乐－乱写
verb intransitive
■to write or draw something quickly or carelessly 匆匆地写；乱涂乱画
• The baby's just scribbled all over my new dictionary! 这个孩子刚才在我的新词典上乱涂乱画！
• [+ two objects] I'll just scribble Dad a note/scribble a note to Dad to say we're going out. 我得写张纸条给爸爸，告诉他我们出去了。
['skrɪb.l] noun countable or uncountable
■a careless piece of writing or drawing 乱写；涂鸦
• What are all these scribbles doing on the wallpaper? 墙纸上这些乱涂的东西是干甚么用的？
• I hope you can read my scribble! 我希望你能看懂我的潦草字迹！
vi. 乱写；乱涂
 - scrawl

Word: warhead
Front: warhead
[ˈwɔ:hed] (9836/17262 -1)
Back: n. （尤指导弹的）弹头
分布：弹头(100%)
US ['wɔ:r-] noun countable
■the front part of a bomb or missile that contains explosives （炸弹或导弹的）弹头
• a conventional/nuclear warhead 常规／核弹头

Word: sling
Front: sling
[slɪŋ] (宝 9834/10377 -1)
Back: n. 吊索，鞋带; 投石器; 投掷; [医]悬带
vt. 吊起，悬挂; 投掷; 遣送，押往
时态：slung, slinging, slings
分布：吊索(37%)，投石器(16%)，悬带(12%)，悬挂(9%)，吊起(8%)，投掷(6%)，抛(6%)，遣送(2%)，斯林酒(2%)，驱逐(2%)
→来自古诺斯语 slyngva,扔，投掷，来自 Proto-Germanic*slingwana,旋转，扭转，来自 slenk, 扭转，转动，可能来自 skel,弯，转，相关于 sker,弯，转，词源同 shrimp,scoliosis. 引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：fling（v /n 投掷）
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
THROW 扔 informal
■to throw or drop something carelessly （随便）扔，丢
• Don't just sling your bag on the floor! 别把你的袋子随便扔在地板上！
• If any of the letters aren't interesting just sling them in the bin. 如果那些信没有半封有趣的就扔进垃圾桶好了。
• I'll just sling together a few things (= put what I need to take with me in a bag) and I'll be ready to go. 我收拾几件东西，马上就可以出发。
■mainly UK informal
■to throw or give something to someone 把…扔给，把…扔向
• [+ two objects] Sling me a pen, will you? 能扔支钢笔给我吗？
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
HANG 挂
■to hang something over something, especially in a careless way （尤指随意地）挂
• I usually sling my jacket over the back of my chair. 我通常把夹克挂在椅背上。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
sling your hook UK slang
■to leave 走开，滚蛋
• She told him to sling his hook. 她叫他走开。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sb out mainly UK informal
■to make someone leave a place because they have behaved badly 把（某人）除名，开除（某人）
• She was slung out of college because she never did any work. 因为从不学习，她被学校开除了。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sth out mainly UK informal
■to get rid of something unwanted 处理掉，扔掉
• What about these old magazines? Shall I just sling them out? 这些旧杂志怎么办?我该把它们扔了吗？
[slɪŋ] noun countable
■a device which uses a strap, piece of cloth or ropes for supporting, lifting or carrying objects 背带，吊索
• The cylinder was lifted from the seabed in a sling. 圆筒被用吊索吊离海底。
■a device for supporting a broken or damaged arm in which the arm is held in front of the body in a piece of cloth which is tied around the neck （用以支撑伤臂的）悬带，吊腕带
• I had my arm in a sling for six weeks. 我的手臂用悬带吊了六个星期。
■a device like a bag for carrying a baby which is tied to the front or the back of an adult's body （背婴儿的）背兜
■a simple weapon used mainly in the past in which a strap held at the ends was used for throwing stones （旧时用作武器的）投石器，弹弓
n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷
 - riser cable, headwear
vt. 用投石器投掷；吊起
 - trice

Word: kinda
Front: kinda
[ 'kaɪndə] (9840/22248)
Back: [地名] [刚果民主共和国] 金达
分布：有一点(100%)
not standard
adverb
■used in writing to represent an informal way of saying "kind of" （用于书面语）有点儿，有几分
• I was kinda sorry to see him go. 看到他走了我有点难过。
adv. 有一点；有几分
 - sorta

Word: wooded
Front: wooded
[ˈwʊdɪd] (9850/10095 -1)
Back: adj. 多树木的，长满树木的; 木质…的
分布：多树林的(50%)，动词wood的过去式和过去分词.(50%)
adjective
■covered with trees 长有树木的
• wooded hills 长有树木的小山
• The police found a vital clue to the girl's disappearance in a wooded area near her home. 警方在失踪女孩家附近的树林里发现了重要线索。
adj. 树木繁茂的；森林多的
 - arboreous

Word: flop
Front: flop
[flɒp] (9863/11940 -2)
Vocabulary: flop
(once / 1503 pages)
1vnadv 2vn 3n
To flop is to drop or hang heavily and loosely. If you're exhausted at the end of the day, you might flop into a chair as soon as you walk into your house.
Your long hair might flop into your eyes, and if you catch a fish, you'll have to watch it flop around in your boat before it stops breathing. A tired child might begin to sob and flop onto the floor in frustration. You can also call a disaster a flop: "We worked so hard on that play, but it turned out to be a total flop." The earliest meaning of flop was "to flap."
WORD FAMILY
flop: flopped, flopping, floppy, flops+/floppy: floppier, floppies, floppily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A flop of a first half and more meandering in the third quarter put Washington in a troubling spot.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Of course, there's a lot of crud too - the challenge is to distinguish the potential hits from the glitch-ridden flops.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After the game, Beal hobbled slowly to his locker and wore cushioned flip flops as left the arena.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. （指书、戏剧等）彻底失败; （因疲惫而）猛然坐下; （笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下; 砸锅
vt. 笨拙地抛下
n. <非正>失败
adv. 扑通一声
时态：flopped, flopping, flops
分布：砰然落下(28%)，笨重地摔(26%)，猛落(20%)，啪嗒啪嗒地动(13%)，噗地一声(13%)
→来自flap拼写变体，飘动，翻动。字母o较字母a声音更重，引申词义猛然坐下，倒地。
US [flɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
FALL 落下
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fall or drop heavily 重重地落下（或掉下）
• Hugh's hair keeps flopping over/into his eyes. 休的头发老是垂下来遮住眼睛／垂进眼睛里。
• When she gets home from school, she's so tired all she can do is flop down in front of the television. 放学回家后，她累得除了一屁股坐在电视机前之外，甚么也做不了了。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
FAIL 失败
intransitive
■If a book, play, film, etc. flops, it is not successful. （书、戏剧、电影等）砸锅，完全失败
• Her first book flopped, but her second became a bestseller. 她的第一本书很失败，但是第二本成了畅销书。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] noun
FAILURE 失败
countable usually singular informal
■a failure 失败，不成功
• The play was a complete/total flop. 这出戏彻底砸了锅。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] noun
FALL 落下
only singular
■when someone or something falls or drops heavily 重重地落下（或掉下）
• He fell with a flop on the bed. 他重重地倒在床上。
vt. 笨拙地抛下；扑通放下；拍（翅）
 - flutter
vi. 失败；扑拍；扑通落下；笨重地摔
 - founder, come to naught
n. 失败；砰然落下；拍击声
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse

Word: typewriter
Front: typewriter
[ˈtaɪpraɪtə(r)] (高研四六 9870/7660 -1)
Back: n. 打字机
分布：打字机(100%)
打字机(type+weiter用来打字的东西)[typ=type,表示"模式,形状"]
n.打字机I bought my son a portable typewriter.我给儿子买了一台手提式打字机.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a machine with keys that you press to produce letters and numbers on paper 打字机
• He still uses an old typewriter. 他还在用一部旧打字机。

Word: row
Front: row
[rəʊ] (中高研四六托 1843/1406 -K2)
Vocabulary: row
(once / 89 pages)
1n 2vn 3n
A row is a straight line of something, like a row of penguins at the zoo, tulips planted in a row in a garden, or a row of tuba players marching in the Fourth of July parade in your town.
A row is anything that's lined up, from the row of stitches on your knitting needle to the row of numbers on your spreadsheet. Row is also a verb meaning "to paddle." Row also means a noisy argument, but when you use it this way, it rhymes with cow, rather than toe. The origin of this last meaning is uncertain, but it probably came from the word carousal, or "drinking bout," as a kind of British university slang.
WORD FAMILY
row: rowed, rower, rowing, rows+/rower: rowers/rowing: rowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He finished with 15 points, 13 assists and 10 rebounds to help the Warriors win at home for the eighth game in a row.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After opening the season with a one-point loss to the New York Giants, Prescott and the Cowboys won 11 games in a row.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The 2011 Giants lost four in a row from mid-November to early December, then won four in a row from early January to early February.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 行，排; 划船; 吵闹; 路，街
vt. 划船; 使…成排; 与…进行划船比赛; 〈口〉争吵，吵闹
时态：rowed, rowing, rows
分布：排(62%)，划船(24%)，吵闹(5%)，吵架(5%)，路(3%)，将...排成排(1%)
→1.来自古英语 raew,排，行，系列，词源不确定，可能最终来自 rei,刮，砍，劈，词源同 rift,river. 2.划船，来自古英语 rowan,划船，来自 Proto-Germanic*ro,划船，来自 ere,划船，词源同 rudder.
n.(一)排,(一)行;吵嚷v.划(船等),荡桨I threw a row of arrows, which narrowly passed the narrow-minded man's eyebrows.我掷了一排箭,箭紧擦心胸狭窄的人的眉毛而过.
US [roʊ] noun
LINE 行
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a line of things, people, animals, etc. arranged next to each other 一排；一行；一列
• a row of houses/books/plants/people/horses 一排房屋／一排书／一行植物／一队人／一队马
• We had seats in the front/back row of the theatre. 我们坐在剧场前／后排。
countable
■Row is also used in the names of some roads （用于一些道路的名称中）路，街
• Prospect Row 普罗斯派克特街
in a row
■one after another without a break 接连地；连续地
• She's been voted Best Actress three years in a row. 她已经连续三年当选为最佳女演员。
  Common Learner Errors  rowWarning: choose the correct preposition! To talk about where someone or something is, don't say 'at/on the back/front/first row', say in the back/front/first row:
✗ Unfortunately, we could only get seats on the back row.
UK [rəʊ] US [roʊ] noun
MOVING THROUGH WATER 在水中移动
countable usually singular
■when someone makes a boat move through water using oars (= poles with flat ends) 划（船）
• They've gone for a row to the island. 他们划船去那个岛了。
UK [rəʊ] US [roʊ] noun
a hard / tough row to hoe US
■a difficult situation to deal with 难以应付的情况
• Teachers have a tough row to hoe in today's schools. 老师现时在学校里处理的工作很棘手。
UK [rəʊ] US [roʊ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to cause a boat to move through water by pushing against the water with oars (= poles with flat ends) 划（船）
• The wind dropped, so we had to row (the boat) back home. 风小了，我们只好划船回家。
[raʊ] noun
ARGUMENT 争吵
 IMPROVER countable mainly UK
■a noisy argument or fight 争吵，吵架；打斗
• My parents often have rows, but my dad does most of the shouting. 我父母经常吵架，但大部分时间都是我爸在那里扯着嗓子嚷嚷。
• What was a political row over government policy on Europe is fast becoming a diplomatic row between France and Britain. 这本来是一场关于政府对欧洲政策的政治争论，却很快演变成法国和英国两国之间的外交摩擦。
[raʊ] noun
NOISE 噪音
only singular mainly UK
■loud noise 大的噪音，响声，闹声
• I can't concentrate because of the row the builders are making. 建筑工人弄出那么大噪声，我没法集中注意力。
[raʊ] verb intransitive mainly UK informal
■to argue, especially loudly （尤指大声地）争吵，吵闹
• My parents are always rowing (about/over money). 我父母总是（为了钱的事情）吵个不休。
queue, rank, line, row
这组词都有“列、队、排”的意思，其区别是：
queue: 指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队，在等的过程中不断向前移动。
rank: 和file常为军事用语，前者指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排，后者指纵队。
line: 指人或物排成的行列。
row: 指单独的一列，也可指平行的数行中的一行，而不论是横或纵。
n. 行，排；划船；街道；吵闹
 - hong, range, line, rank, sound
vi. 划船；争吵
 - boat, lock horns

Word: amidst
Front: amidst
[ə'mɪdst] (雅 9845/8672)
Back: prep. 在…中; 在…的包围中
分布：由 ... 伴随(34%)，在 ... 当中(33%)，在 ... 期间(33%)
PREP
同amid
Amidst means the same as amid .
prep. 在…当中
 - amongst

Word: annoy
Front: annoy
[əˈnɔɪ] (高托雅宝 9844/7731 -K1)
Vocabulary: annoy
(once / 189 pages)
v
The verb annoy means to bother or irritate. Your habit of constantly talking about your cats might annoy your friends more than you realize.
When you annoy someone, you really rub them the wrong way. Often, the things that annoy people the most are those that are repeated again and again, like your habit of snorting every time you laugh or the screeching sound that your dishwasher makes day after day. Although the word annoy comes from the Latin phrase esse in odio, "it is hateful to me," its meaning now is less "hateful" and more "bothersome."
WORD FAMILY
annoy: annoyance, annoyed, annoyer, annoying, annoys+/annoyance: annoyances/ annoyed: annoyedly/annoyer: annoyers/ annoying: annoyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t want to become an annoying vegan,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“And at first it was kind of annoying,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s an offensively annoying mix of saccharine, schmaltz and soap.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 打扰; 干扰; 使烦恼; 使恼怒
vi. 惹恼，令人讨厌，打搅
n. 烦恼（等于annoyance）
时态：annoyed, annoying, annoys
分布：骚扰(65%)，使烦恼(20%)，使恼怒(15%)
→来自拉丁短语in odio, 厌恶。词根od, 难闻，见odor, 气味。字母d, y 音变。
vt.使恼怒,使生气;打扰vi.招人讨厌These files are annoying me.这些文件很烦人.
【源】中古英语anoien；古法语anoier；民间拉丁语inodiar
verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to make someone angry 烦扰，打搅，使烦恼
• Tim really annoyed me in the meeting this morning. 在今天上午的会上，蒂姆真是把我气坏了。
• I'm sorry - is my cough annoying you? 对不起，我咳嗽打扰你了吧？
• [+ that] It annoys me that she just expects us to help. 她只是眼巴巴地指望我们去帮她，我真是气得慌。
• It really annoys me when people expect me to tip as well as pay a service charge in a restaurant. 在饭店里，付了服务费后他们还想要小费，这很让我恼火。
vex, trouble, annoy, disturb, bother, irritate
这组词都有“使人不安或烦恼”的意思，其区别是：
vex: 侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼，有时含激怒的意味。
trouble: 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy: 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
disturb: 较正式用词，多用被动态。指拢乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
bother: 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
irritate: 语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。
vt. 骚扰；惹恼；打搅
 - harry, ply with
vi. 惹恼；令人讨厌；打搅
 - brown off
n. 烦恼（等于annoyance）
 - worry, trouble

Word: epic
Front: epic
[ˈepɪk] (托宝 8602/11865 -2)
Vocabulary: epic
(once / 591 pages)
1nadj 2adj
An epic is a long poem or other work of art celebrating heroic feats. After you sail around the world for seven years, fighting corruption and planting vegetable gardens, some poet will surely write the epic of your adventures.
Epic comes from the Greek for song, because Greek poets like Homer sung their poems. We tend to use epic for long, ambitious novels or movies, especially if they involve a long journey. Epic can be used as an adjective to describe something historically important, lasting and complex. Perhaps your great-grandfather was a soldier in the epic struggle of World War One. Your three day, sleepless card poker game could be described as epic.
WORD FAMILY
epic: epical, epically, epics
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as bad as those floods were, they paled in comparison to the epic floods that hit southern Louisiana in August.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Their epic pursuit of the perfect card requires years of scouting, months of planning and hours of driving.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 叙事诗; 史诗; 史诗般的作品
adj. 史诗般的，叙事诗的; 宏大的，壮丽的，英雄的; 壮丽的
分布：史诗(82%)，史诗的(7%)，叙事诗(4%)，宏大的(3%)，叙事诗的(2%)，壮丽的(2%)
→来自wekw, 说，叙述，词源同voice, invoke.
【记】读：挨批课。上课时赶上老师心情不好，念一段巨长的诗史批评你。这种方法确实是超凡脱俗，不同一般。E张黄色pic－超凡脱俗，不同一般的
【反】modest（adj 谦虚的；适度的）
noun countable
■a film, poem or book which is long and contains a lot of action, usually dealing with a historical subject （通常指描写历史题材的）长篇叙事式电影（或书籍）；史诗
• It's one of those old Hollywood epics with a cast of thousands. 这是老牌的好莱坞史诗电影之一，演员阵容达到数千人。
['ep.ɪk] adjective
■in the style of an epic 史诗般的；鸿篇巨制的；壮丽的
• an epic film about the Roman Empire 古罗马帝国题材的史诗电影
■describes events that happen over a long period and involve a lot of action and difficulty 艰苦卓绝的；漫长而艰难的
• an epic journey/struggle 漫长艰难的旅途／艰苦卓绝的斗争
■informal
■extremely large 宏大的；极大规模的：
• The problem of inflation has reached epic proportions. 通货膨胀问题已经到了极其严重的地步。
adj. 史诗的，叙事诗的
 - rhapsodical
n. 史诗；叙事诗；史诗般的作品
 - epos, heroic

Word: molest
Front: molest
[məˈlest] (雅宝 9857/18826 -1)
Vocabulary: molest
(once / 757 pages)
v
To molest someone is to attack or abuse them. A rowdy group of protesters might be tempted to molest the police officers who are controlling the crowd by shouting angrily or throwing things at them.
While the verb molest can be used to talk about any kind of persistent harassment, it more commonly describes an unwanted or aggressive sexual attack. To molest someone in this in way is a very serious criminal assault. The word originally meant simply "to cause trouble or grief," and it comes from the Latin word molestare, "to disturb, trouble, or annoy." It wasn't used to mean "attack sexually" until about 1950.
WORD FAMILY
molest: molestation, molested, molester, molesting, molests+/molestation: molestations/molested: unmolested/molester: molesters/unmolested: unmolestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scandal emerged last month after at least six former professional players publicly said that they had been molested as boys in youth programs.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Sandusky, now 72, was convicted in 2012 of molesting 10 boys and sentenced to 30 to 60 years in prison.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Lee testified that he was angry because he suspected Corwin had molested a family member.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 骚扰，干扰; 调戏，（对女性）动手动脚; 妨害
时态：molested, molesting, molests
分布：骚扰(45%)，干扰(29%)，调戏(26%)
→来自拉丁语molestus,麻烦的，难以控制的，来自moles,大块，词源同mole,demolish.引申词义麻烦，烦恼，苦恼，后特别用于指性骚扰。
【记】moll（磨），est－磨擦－骚扰
verb transitive
ATTACK SEXUALLY 性攻击
■to touch or attack someone in a sexual way against their wishes 调戏；猥亵；对…进行性骚扰
• The girl had been molested frequently by her stepfather from the age of eight. 从八岁起这个女孩就经常受到她继父的性骚扰。
• The man had previously been arrested several times for molesting young boys. 那名男子以前曾因猥亵男童多次被捕。
[mə'lest] verb transitive
ATTACK 攻击 formal
■to touch, push, etc. someone violently 粗暴对待；攻击
• United Nations premises were looted and personnel were molested by demonstrators. 联合国场地被示威者劫掠，工作人员遭到袭击。
vt. 骚扰；调戏；干扰
 - harry, ply with

Word: ambivalence
Front: ambivalence
[æm'bɪvələns] (托宝 9873/12403)
Vocabulary: ambivalence
(once / 16371 pages)
n
Someone who shows ambivalence about a person or thing has conflicting feelings. If you love your mom but find her totally embarrassing, you might feel ambivalent about having her give a presentation at your school.
Originally a psychological term, ambivalence was borrowed from the German word Ambivalenz, coined in 1910 by the Swiss psychologist Eugen Bleuler. The German word was formed from the Latin prefix ambi- "in two ways" plus Latin valentia "vigor, strength."
WORD FAMILY
ambivalence: ambivalences+/ ambivalent: ambivalence, ambivalency, ambivalently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some worry that the government’s obvious ambivalence is imperilling the entire reconciliation process.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
These artists may regard the divine with a measure of ambivalence, but they rarely speak from a place of neutrality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Here he was, caught in a middle ground of ambivalence.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 矛盾情绪; 矛盾心理; 摇摆; 犹豫
分布：矛盾心理(81%)，矛盾情绪(19%)
【反】commitment（n 一心一意；许诺）
ADJ-GRADED
摇摆不定的；犹豫不决的
If you say that someone is ambivalent about something, they seem to be uncertain whether they really want it, or whether they really approve of it.
例：She remained ambivalent about her marriage...她对于自己的婚事仍然拿不定主意。
例：He maintained an ambivalent attitude to the Church throughout his long life.在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。

Word: nighttime
Front: nighttime
['naɪttaɪm] (9853/42636)
Back: n. 夜间
adj. 夜间发生的
分布：夜间(86%)，夜间的(14%)
N-UNCOUNT
夜间；夜里
Night-time is the period of time between when it gets dark and when the sun rises.
例：They wanted someone responsible to look after the place at night-time...他们想要个有责任心的人夜间照管这个地方。
例：A twelve hour night time curfew is in force.正在执行12小时的宵禁。
n. 夜间
 - nite

Word: para
Front: para
[ˈpærə] (9837/5898)
Back: n. <口>帕拉胶
分布：帕拉胶(100%)
US ['per.ə] noun countable
SOLDIER 士兵 mainly UK informal for
■ paratrooper
UK ['pær.ə] US ['per.ə] noun countable
TEXT 文本 abbreviation for
■ paragraph
• Paras 5 and 6 will have to be rewritten. 第五和第六段将须重写。

Word: flux
Front: flux
[flʌks] (六托雅宝 9830/9034 -1)
Vocabulary: flux
(once / 1304 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4v
The noun flux describes something that constantly changes. If your likes, dislikes, attitudes, dreams, and even friends are changing all the time, you may be in flux.
Flux can also mean being unsure about a decision. Suppose you just had a great job interview and suddenly your friend invites you to go to Australia with her. You don't know what to do because you don't want to miss a call about the job — or Sydney! You're in flux until you hear from the potential employer. Another kind of flux is liquid moving or flowing, like the flux of water under a sheet of melting ice.
WORD FAMILY
flux: fluxed, fluxes, fluxing, fluxion, influx +/fluxion: fluxions/ influx: influxes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The international order is now in a state of flux for many reasons.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Through scathing glances at bigotry and class hierarchy, Jude conjures a world in flux and connects that world, unforgettably, to our own.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“But the ocean is all about flux and turbulence and movement.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [物]流量; 流出; 熔解; 不断的变动
v. 熔化; 熔解; 流出
时态：fluxed, fluxing, fluxes
分布：流量(55%)，助熔剂(14%)，变迁(11%)，熔化(10%)，使泻(4%)，涨(4%)，使熔化(2%)
→来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，词源同fluent. 引申持续流动，改变，变迁。
流动;变迁(flu+x;注意：flex弯曲,flax亚麻)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
【记】flu流；参：fluxion（n 流动；不断的变化；消失）
noun uncountable
CHANGE 变化
■continuous change 不断的变动，不停的变化
• Our plans are in a state of flux at the moment. 我们的计划目前处在不断变化之中。
[flʌks] noun uncountable
SUBSTANCE 物质 specialized
■a substance added to a metal to make it easier to solder (= join by melting) to another metal （助）熔剂
n. [流] [机] 流量；变迁；不稳定；流出
 - issue, instability
vt. 使熔融；用焊剂处理
 - fuse
vi. 熔化；流出
 - discharge, issue, shed

Word: following
Front: following
[ˈfɒləʊɪŋ] (高研四六 1471/748 -K4)
Vocabulary: following
(once / 31 pages)
1nadj 2adj 3n
A following is a group of fans. The Beatles had a huge following. Following also means “coming after.” Rabid fans were always following the Fab Four around.
To follow is to go after, like a groupie following a rock star or a panic following an explosion. If you’re watching a TV show, when it’s over you might watch the following show. Also, a following is a bunch of people who follow someone in the sense of believing in them. The movie Blade Runner has a cult following. Sometimes when store clerks want to sound fancy, they say they can help the “following guest” when “next guest” would do.
WORD FAMILY
following: followingly, followings+/ follow: followed, follower, following, follows/ follower: followers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Surgery wasn’t an option, but he asked Graf to return the following week to discuss what they might try next.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Deadly riots the following year in China’s far west left authorities even more convinced that it was time to step up their controls over society.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Wade noticed the swelling following Saturday night’s loss to Milwaukee.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 后面的，其次的; 下列的; 顺风的
n. 崇拜者，拥护者; 下列，如下; 跟随; 随球
prep. 随后，在…以后
v. 跟随，接着(follow的现在分词)
分布：下列的(44%)，接着的(24%)，下列各项(12%)，动词follow的现在分词(8%)，追随者(8%)，在 ... 以后(4%)
a.下列的,下述的,其次的,接着的The following students will stay.下列同学请留下.
US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] preposition
 ADVANCED
■after 在…之后
• The weeks following the riots were extremely tense. 暴乱之后的几周气氛极其紧张。
• Following the dinner, there will be a dance. 晚餐之后将有一场舞会。
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] adjective
 IMPROVER [before noun]
■The following day/morning, etc., is the next one. 接着的
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] adjective
following wind
■a wind which is blowing in the same direction as the one in which you are going 顺风
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] noun only singular
NEXT 接下来
the following
 ADVANCED
■(often used to introduce a list, report, etc.) what comes next 接下来（常用于引出名单、报告等）
• The following is an extract from her diary. 接下来是摘自她日记中的一段。
UK ['fɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ] US ['fɑ:.loʊ-] noun only singular
PEOPLE 人
■a group of people who admire something or someone 追随者
• She has attracted a large following among the rich and famous. 她在富贾名流中有一大批追随者。
• The shop has a small but loyal/devoted following. 那家商店有数量不多但忠实的一批老顾客。
■a group of people who support, admire or believe in a particular person, group or idea 拥护者；追随者
adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的
 - under, coming, next

Word: query
Front: query
[ˈkwɪəri] (托宝 9831/5285 -2)
Vocabulary: query
(once / 424 pages)
nv
A query is a question, or the search for a piece of information.
The Latin root quaere means "to ask" and it's the basis of the words inquiry, question, quest, request, and query. Query often fits the bill when referring to Internet searches, polite professional discourse, and subtle pleas. You could query as to the whereabouts of the lavatory, but you'd sound a bit prim and be better off asking "Where's the toilet?" If your job entails dealing with annoying questions and complaints, you could make it sound better by proclaiming, "I respond to customer queries."
WORD FAMILY
query: queried, queries, querying
USAGE EXAMPLES
People’s Pharmacy also answers reader queries on neuropathy and hibiscus tea.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The city Department of Transportation didn’t immediately respond to a query about the viability of his claim.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Who better to query then for some New Year’s Eve advice?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 问题; 疑问; 询问; 问号
vt. 质疑，对…表示疑问
vi. 询问; 表示怀疑
时态：queried, querying, queries
分布：疑问(47%)，质问(27%)，疑问号(21%)，对 ... 表示怀疑(5%)
→来自拉丁语quaere, 疑问， 询问， 查问， 可能来自kwo, 疑问代词词干， 词源同 quality,quantity,who,how.
质问,疑问(quer+y)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
US ['kwɪr.i] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a question, often expressing doubt about something or looking for an answer from an authority 疑问，问题
• If you have any queries about your treatment, the doctor will answer them. 医生将解答您对治疗的任何疑问。
UK ['kwɪə.ri] US ['kwɪr.i] verb transitive
■to ask questions, especially in order to check if something is true 提问；质问，怀疑
• A few students have queried their marks. 有几个学生对他们的分数表示怀疑。
• [+ question word] She queried wh ether three months was long enough. 她问三个月是否够长。
• [+ speech] "Any chance of a cup of tea?" he queried hopefully. “能否喝杯茶？”他满怀希望地问。
n. 疑问，质问；疑问号
 - doubt, question
vt. [计] 询问；对……表示疑问
 - question, inquire about
vi. [计] 询问；表示怀疑
 - question, inquire about

Word: torn
Front: torn
[tɔ:n] (9843/12597 -1)
Vocabulary: torn
(once / 219 pages)
adj
Torn things have been pulled apart or ripped. Things can be literally torn, like a torn piece of paper, or figuratively torn — like your torn heart when you have to take sides in a family feud.
You can serve a salad full of torn lettuce leaves, or mend a stuffed animal with a torn ear. In both cases, something has been divided by force, or pulled apart. It's also possible to be emotionally torn, or conflicted between two choices, options, or people: "I'm torn between going to the party or staying home and reading my library book." Either way, torn things are difficult (and sometimes impossible) to repair.
WORD FAMILY
torn: torner+/ tear: teared, tearful, tearing, tearless, tears, tore, torn / tearful: tearfully, tearfulness/tearing: tearingly, tearings/tearless: tearlessly/tore: tores
USAGE EXAMPLES
From age 23 to 41, I ran 2 to 3 miles every single morning, until torn menisci and arthritis hobbled my knees.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
The streets were torn up and gridlocked during the construction, which unleashed a pestilence of rats through the neighborhood.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He says the houses torn down were among the city’s worst.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: v. 撕( tear的过去分词); 扯裂; 破损
分布：破碎的(100%)
US [tɔ:rn]
■past participle of * tear
UK [tɔ:n] US [tɔ:rn] adjective
torn between
■If you are torn between two possibilities, you find it very difficult to choose between them. 在两者之间难以作出抉择的

Word: blizzard
Front: blizzard
[ˈblɪzəd] (托宝 9875/15160 -1)
Vocabulary: blizzard
(once / 1823 pages)
n
A blizzard is a large winter storm, characterized by heavy snowfall and accompanied by high winds. We're not talking flurry or a snowsquall. It's the kind of snow storm you read about.
If you had to shovel 5 inches of snow off of your sidewalk, the snow storm was probably just a snow storm, an annoyance perhaps but not a blizzard. A blizzard is a huge snowstorm that results in the disruption of normal activities. Offices close, schools are shut down, streets are snow-packed, and people stay at home. The word can also be used figuratively, to mean "a rash" of something — like the blizzard of insurance forms you had to complete after surgery.
WORD COUNT
Stormy Weather: A Tempest of Meteorological Terms
Not long ago, Cliff Mass, an atmospheric scientist in Seattle, blogged about a sandstorm that had occurred in Eastern Washington. Extreme weather is not unusual in that area, but the word he used for the storm was new to many of us: haboob. The novelty of the term, along with the spectacular photo on his blog of an oncoming haboob, had people talking about it for days.
Haboob in Eastern Washington, September 2013 [Photo: Robert Ames]
Given how much our day-to-day lives are influenced by weather — and especially by storms — perhaps it's not surprising that we have a rich vocabulary for these natural phenomena.
The biggest of all storms, of course, is a hurricane. This term came into English from Spanish, but originates in Taíno, a native language from the Caribbean. The regional origin of this name might explain why we use hurricane for storms in the Atlantic and in eastern Pacific, close to the Americas. For similar storms in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean, we use the word typhoon, a term with a curious etymology: it appears to represent a convergence of a Greek word for a whirlwind and a Chinese word for "great wind." (Some speculate an Arabic origin also.) A general term for these types of large-scale storms — cyclone, from Greek for "rotate" or "wheel" — alludes to the fact that they revolve around a central point.
Hurricane Isabel as seen from the International Space Station [source: Wikipedia]
Aside from these well-known terms, there's a nor'easter for a large storm in the north Atlantic. This name follows the convention for naming winds, which identifies the direction from which they come; a nor'easter spins counterclockwise, hence brings winds from the northeast.
Inland, a derecho is a hurricane-scale storm that is primarily associated with the Midwestern areas of the U.S. and Canada. Derecho is the Spanish word for "straight ahead," and came into use to describe the storm's wind pattern, which meteorologists call "straight-line wind." The "straight" nature of a derecho was intended to contrast with the circular nature of a different storm: the tornado, which occurs frequently in the same geographic region. The name tornado is another Spanish term, which might either derive from a word for thunderstorm or from a word for "to turn." An informal term for a tornado is a twister, named for its characteristic motion. The word cyclone is also used informally for tornados, since they're another type of revolving storm, but not by professionals.
If you substitute snow for rain in one of these large-scale storms, you get a blizzard. While I'm sure that the Anglo-Saxons huddled in their longhouses against snowy blasts, they did not bequeath us this word; blizzard is both a surprisingly modern term (the first recorded cite is from 1859) and originally an American one.
Generically, any strong wind is a gale (possibly of Norse origin). For meteorologists, a gale has a more precise definition: it's a wind that's between 34 and 40 knots, as measured on the Beaufort Scale, which has similarly precise values for terms like strong breeze, high wind, violent storm, and hurricane force. Another generic term for a wind-bearing storm is tempest (from Latin via Old French), whose metaphoric sense of tumult goes back almost as far as its weather-related sense. I for one would love to hear a TV weatherperson bring the word tempest back into everyday use.
There are many regional terms for winds and windstorms that occur regularly. People near mountains often experience type of wind called a föhn (or foehn, pronounced fern), which occurs in the Alps. This is a wind that comes down off mountains (that is, the wind is katabatic) and is channeled via valleys or passes. In Southern California, a famous föhn-type wind is the Santa Ana wind that blows out of the high desert to the east and whose extreme dryness can contribute to wildfires. (Some say that the Santa Ana wind makes people in Los Angeles restless and violent.) I grew up along the Front Range in Colorado, and in the spring we often experienced the extremely strong Chinook wind, whose unseasonable warmth has given it the nickname "snow-eater."
Other regional winds are the Diablo wind in Northern California, the Knik and Taku winds in Alaska, and the Squamish in British Columbia, though not all of these are warm winds (quite the contrary). Further afield are winds such as those in the Mediterranean region including the Mistral and Levant in France, the Ostro in Italy, and the hot, dry Sirocco that comes off the Sahara.
The Sirocco brings us back to Arabic, which is where we also get the haboob that we started with. Look out your window, and if it's a blustery day, there's probably a term that precisely names the wind you're experiencing, whether that term comes to us from a Native American language, from Spanish, or from a language of the African deserts.
WORD FAMILY
blizzard: blizzards
USAGE EXAMPLES
A blizzard warning is in effect into Saturday afternoon for Kotzebue and villages on St. Lawrence Island and along the Bering Strait.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The show speculates how it might affect ocean and air currents and result in extreme weather conditions such as blizzards, super storms and wildfires.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We couldn’t open the window to get rid of the smell because there was a blizzard outside.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 暴风雪; 大量
分布：暴风雪(93%)，大量(7%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光，形容大雪之凶猛。词源同blitzkrieg.
【记】1）b不，lizzard＝lizard（n 蜥蜴）－不适合蜥蜴的天气－暴风雪2）《星际争霸》中的一种魔法，威力巨大－暴风雪
US [-ɚd] noun
SNOW 雪
countable
■a severe snow storm with strong winds 暴风雪；雪暴
• We once got stuck in a blizzard for six hours. 我们曾被暴风雪困了六个小时之久。
• In Sussex, blizzard conditions made the main roads almost impassable. 在萨塞克斯郡，暴风雪导致主要道路几乎瘫痪。
UK ['blɪz.əd] US [-ɚd] noun
LARGE AMOUNT 大量数目
only singular informal
■a large amount of something which arrives or is produced together in a confusing or badly organized way 大量繁乱的事物
• a blizzard of statistics/handouts 繁乱的统计数字／雪片般的传单
n. 暴风雪，大风雪；大打击
 - snowstorm, bizzard

Word: condemnation
Front: condemnation
[ˌkɒndemˈneɪʃn] (托 9852/8574)
Vocabulary: condemnation
(once / 815 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Condemnation is the act of declaring something awful or evil. If your little brother does something unspeakably awful, express your condemnation so he will learn not to do it again.
Condemnation comes from the verb condemn, "to strongly disapprove." You might criticize something that you still think is worthwhile, but if you express condemnation, that’s laying a heavy moral blame. Condemnation is used in law, and means the same thing as sentencing; you might have heard a judge say “I condemn you to ten years of hard labor.” Also, a very dangerous building will be sealed up and deemed uninhabitable by an act of condemnation.
WORD FAMILY
condemnation: condemnations, self-condemnation+/ condemn: condemnable, condemnation, condemnatory, condemned, condemning, condemns/condemnable: condemnably/condemning: condemningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
There was condemnation from around the world as well as inside Turkey.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The nightclub attack drew quick condemnation from the West and Russia.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 谴责; 定罪; 谴责（或定罪）的理由; 征用
分布：谴责(88%)，定罪(7%)，非难(4%)，宣布有罪(1%)
谴责[demn=harm表示"伤害"]
【反】approbation（n 认可）；exaltation（n 提升；赞美）；panegyric（n 颂词）；
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable or uncountable
■when you condemn something or someone 谴责，指责，声讨
• The shooting of the policeman has received universal condemnation. 枪杀员警事件受到了大众的一致谴责。
n. 谴责；定罪；非难的理由；征用
 - conviction, denunciation

Word: warm-up
Front: warm-up
[ˈwɔ:mˌʌp] (-1)
Back: n. 准备动作，热身; （使）加温，（使）变暖
分布：热身(60%)，准备动作(40%)
US ['wɔ:rm-] noun countable
■something that you do to prepare yourself for an activity, especially gentle exercises before a physical activity 做准备活动，热身
• A warm-up is important before a run so as not to strain any muscles. 跑步之前做一下热身是很重要的，这样可以避免拉伤肌肉。
• Let's do a few warm-up exercises. 我们来做一些准备运动吧。
n. 热身赛；预热；准备运动
 - warming up, prewarming

Word: indicative
Front: indicative
[ɪnˈdɪkətɪv] (研六托雅宝 9866/8955 -1)
Vocabulary: indicative
(once / 1947 pages)
1adj 2adjn
Use the word indicative when you want to show that something is suggestive or serves as a sign of something. Your willingness to help out with the charity is indicative of your generous nature.
The adjective indicative is usually followed by the word of. After being caught in the storm, you protested that the current condition of your hair and clothes were in no way indicative of your normal grooming habits. Instead, you argue, your appearance is indicative of your work ethic, since you braved wind, rain, and sleet to get to work that day. Did you know that some experts say the rise in skirt hemlines is indicative of economic recovery?
WORD FAMILY
indicative: indicatively, indicatives+/ indicate: indicated, indicates, indicating, indication, indicative, indicator, indicatory/ indication: indications, preindication/ indicator: indicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bloated, profligate and corrupt, for many healthcare was indicative of all that was wrong with the country and, as such, badly in need of reform.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But it is indicative of the predicament that the Mariners find themselves in as spring training looms just about six weeks away.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He regarded the award as indicative of the military’s denial about the My Lai episode, which did not involve enemy combatants at all.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 象征的; 指示的，表示的; [语]陈述的，直陈的
n. [语]陈述语气
分布：指示的(38%)，陈述语气(35%)，暗示的(27%)
a.(of)指示的,暗示的Her gesture was indicative of contempt.她的动作表示轻视.
【记】in里面，dic说－说出事务里面的东西－表明的；表示的
【参】dictionary（n 词典）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■being or relating to a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen 标示的；表明的
• Resumption of the talks is indicative of an improving relationship between the countries. 恢复会谈表明两国关系在改善。
adj. 象征的；指示的；表示…的
 - symbolic, emblematic

Word: umpire
Front: umpire
[ˈʌmpaɪə(r)] (宝 9861/9312 -2)
Back: n. 裁判员; 仲裁人
vt. 为…做裁判; 裁决或判决
vi. 做仲裁人，当裁判
时态：umpired, umpiring, umpires
分布：裁判(63%)，裁判员(24%)，仲裁(6%)，仲裁人(5%)，为 ... 裁决(1%)，为 ...仲裁(1%)
→来自古法语nonper, 奇数，不均，non-, 非，-per,对等，词源同 par. 引申词义第三者，裁判，参照testament, 第三人，见证，证据。
【记】源于：empire（n 帝国；帝权），有帝权自然可以仲裁。
US [-paɪr] noun countable
■a person who is present at a sports competition in order to make certain that the rules of that particular game are obeyed and to make judgments about whether particular actions are acceptable （体育比赛中的）裁判
• a cricket/tennis umpire 板球／网球裁判
vi. 当裁判，任裁判
 - ump
vt. 仲裁，裁判
 - arbitrate
n. 裁判员，仲裁人
 - judge, referee

Word: scare
Front: scare
[skeə(r)] (高研四六托宝 3807/7593 -K2)
Vocabulary: scare
(once / 271 pages)
vn
Scare is a verb that means frighten or intimidate. You might be embarrassed to admit that you don't want to go to the beach with your friends because of how much seagulls scare you.
Questions on a test you're unprepared for might scare you, and so might a barking dog. To scare is to spook, startle, or cause fear, and what scares your best friend most (like losing his job) might not be what would scare you more than anything (like discovering a huge snake in your shower). You can also use scare as a noun, as in "It gave me such a scare when all my friends jumped out and yelled, 'Surprise!'"
WORD FAMILY
scare: scared, scarer, scares, scarey, scaring+/ scared: scareder, scaredest, scaredly/scarer: scarers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Anderson was recounting the scary scene, linebacker Corey Nelson leaned in and told him, “I was scared for you. I was so scared, bro.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Kubiak missed a week of work in October after suffering a complex migraine, his second health scare in three years.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"There was then a robust discussion. I felt scared. The situation was extremely unpleasant."
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使惊恐，惊吓; 使害怕，使恐惧; 把…吓跑
vi. 受惊吓; 感到害怕
n. 惊恐，惊吓; 恐惧; 恐慌
adj. 骇人的，令人恐惧的; 引起恐慌的; 用以吓唬人的
时态：scared, scaring, scares
分布：恐吓(34%)，惊吓(29%)，吓走(21%)，惊恐(9%)，受惊吓(7%)
n.惊恐,恐慌v.惊吓,受惊The careful man is scarcely scared by the scarce parcel.细心男子勉强被罕见的包裹吓了一下.
【记】s死，care关心，注意：注意死人－恐怖的
US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) feel frightened （使）惊恐，（使）害怕；受惊吓，感到害怕
• Sudden noises scare her. 突然的响声把她吓了一跳。
• She's very brave - she doesn't scare easily. 她很勇敢——她不会那么容易害怕的。
• He scared me out of my wits (= made me extremely frightened) when he was driving so fast. 他开得那么快，把我吓得半死。
• Meeting new people scares me stiff/to death (= makes me extremely nervous and worried). 与陌生人见面我会感到很紧张，手足无措。
• She scared the hell/life/living daylights out of me (= frightened me very much) when she crept up behind me and shouted in my ear. 她蹑手蹑脚地走到我身后对着我耳朵大喊一声，把我的魂都吓飞了。
UK [skeər] US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
scare sb shitless offensive
■to make someone extremely frightened 把（某人）吓得屁滚尿流
UK [skeər] US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scare sb/sth away/off
■to make a person or an animal so frightened that they go away 把…吓跑
• Don't make too much noise or you'll scare away the birds. 别发出那么大声音，会把鸟儿吓跑的。
• She scared off her attacker by screaming. 她大声叫喊，把袭击她的人吓跑了。
UK [skeər] US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scare sb away/off
■to make someone so worried about doing something that they decide not to do it 吓跑，吓退（某人）
• If you charge as much as that, you'll scare customers off. 如果你索价那么高，会吓跑顾客的。
UK [skeər] US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  scare sb into doing sth
■to persuade someone to do something by frightening them 胁迫（某人）做…
• The two boys scared the old man into handing over his wallet. 这两个男孩恐吓老人，逼他交出钱包。
UK [skeər] US [sker] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scare sth up US informal
■to find or get something despite difficulties or limited supplies 仓促准备，勉强凑成
• There's hardly any food in the house, but I'll scare something up from these leftovers. 家里几乎没有甚么吃的，但我会用这些剩饭菜做出一顿饭来。
UK [skeər] US [sker] noun
only singular
■a sudden feeling of fear or worry 惊恐，恐慌
• I got/had a scare (= I was very worried) when I looked at my bank statement this morning! 我今天早上看到银行账单时吓了一跳。
• You gave us a real scare (= frightened us) when you fainted, you know. 你知道吗，你晕倒的时候真把我们吓坏了。
countable
■when a subject receives a lot of public attention and worries many people, often unnecessarily （往往不必要的）担忧；人心惶惶
• a bomb/health scare 炸弹／健康恐慌
• The government are accused of employing scare tactics (= ways of frightening people in order to persuade them to do something). 政府被控使用恐吓手段。
• The press have been publishing scare stories (= newspaper reports which make people feel unnecessarily worried) about the mystery virus. 新闻界一直在发布关于神秘病毒的骇人报道。
alarm, frightem, startle, terrify, scare, intimidate
这些动词均有“惊吓、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 着重指某人意识到危险而突然产生的惊恐。
frightem: 普通用词，使用广泛，指产生突然、短暂的惊慌、恐怖感。
startle: 强调突然使人惊骇或震惊。
terrify: 语气最强，指惊骇得六神无主，魂飞魄散。
scare: 指非正式文体中可与frighten换用，但语气较重，侧重人受惊吓后立即停下正在干的事或跑掉。
intimidate: 特指恐吓某人，迫使其做某事。
uncommon, rare, scare, occasional
这组词都有“稀罕的，很少发生”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: 指一般不发生或很少发生的事情，故显得独特、异常与例外。
rare: 指难得发生的事或难遇见的人或事，侧重特殊性。
scare: 指暂时不易发现、不存在或数量不足，供不应求的东西。
occasional: 指偶然、不时或间或发生的事，侧重无规律可循。
vt. 惊吓；把…吓跑
 - take aback
vi. 受惊
 - spook
n. 恐慌；惊吓；惊恐
 - panic, pavor
adj. （美）骇人的
 - haircurling, terrifying

Word: managerial
Front: managerial
[ˌmænəˈdʒɪəriəl] (六 9846/4869)
Back: adj. 经理的; 管理上的
分布：管理的(100%)
US [-'dʒɪr.i-] adjective
■relating to a manager or management 经理的；管理的；经营上的
• managerial responsibilities/decisions/skills 管理责任／决策／技巧
adj. [经管] [管理] 管理的；经理的
 - administrative, regulatory

Word: imprisonment
Front: imprisonment
[ɪm'prɪznmənt] (托 9862/4411)
Back: n. 关押，监禁; “imprison”的派生
分布：关押(83%)，禁锢(17%)
【记】imprison（vt 监禁；关押）；prison（n 监狱）
N-UNCOUNT
关押;监禁;坐牢
Imprisonment is the state of being imprisoned.
例：She was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment.她被判处 7 年监禁。
例：...the prospect of imprisonment.坐牢的可能性
n. [法] 监禁，关押；坐牢；下狱
 - prison, durance

Word: gothic
Vocabulary: gothic
(once / 9373 pages)
adj
The adjective gothic describes something that is characterized by mystery, horror, and gloom — especially in literature.
Gothic literature combines the genres of romance and horror. Some famous writers of Gothic fiction include Charlotte Bronte, Mary Shelley and Edgar Allan Poe. Nowadays, though, if you refer to someone as "goth," you are not saying they write a good ghost story; you are commenting on their pale makeup, black fingernail polish and Victorian fashion. Gothic can also describe something barbaric, rude, and unenlightened as if from medieval times. This use of the word is usually capitalized. The word is from the Goths, a Germanic people who invaded the Roman Empire.
WORD FAMILY
gothic: gothically
USAGE EXAMPLES
In your collection of stories, there’s a recurring interest in ghost stories, or, more generally, the gothic.
The New Yorker(Dec 12, 2016)
You used to sing in a band, Dead Man’s Bones, and your sound was a bit gravelly and gothic then.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
It’s also, more straightforwardly, a gothic mystery about small-town secrets.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)

Word: tidy
Front: tidy
[ˈtaɪdi] (中高研四六雅宝 9867/6376 -K2)
Vocabulary: tidy
(once / 724 pages)
1adjvn 2adj
Use the adjective tidy for something that is neat and clean. If your desk were more tidy, you would be able to find your computer.
Tidy (or tidy up) also means “to clean up” and is also a noun for a container for small objects, like scraps or sewing materials. These senses of tidy have a formal or even old-fashioned note. (We’re more likely to say clean, organize, or bin now in everyday conversation.) A less informal use is as an adjective, meaning “large.” If you can put the word tidy before your profit or the sum in your bank account, it’s a good thing.
WORD FAMILY
tidy: tidied, tidier, tidies, tidiest, tidily, tidiness, tidying, untidy+/untidiness: untidinesses/untidy: untidier, untidiest, untidily, untidiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s magical about “Paterson” — and what may frustrate those seeking a tidier, prosier experience — is its refusal to settle for clear answers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His heists grew in finesse, and were always tidy and efficient.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
“Silence” is as visually striking as you might expect, but also overly tidy, clean and decorous, despite its tortured flesh, its mud and its blood.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 整洁的，整齐的; （数量）相当大的; 相当好的; 健康的
n. 盛零碎物品的容器; 椅子的背罩
vt. & vi. 使整洁; 弄整齐; 使有条理; 整理，收拾
时态：tidied, tidying, tidies
分布：整理(43%)，收拾(26%)，整洁的(19%)，整齐的(10%)，使整洁(2%)
→来自 tide,时令，季节，-y,形容词后缀，对应 timely.即适时的，当令的。引申词义情况好的， 整洁的，整齐的。
a.整洁的,整齐的v.整理,收拾The tides slide on the tidy wide beach and collide each other.海潮在整洁宽阔的海滩上滑行并相互碰撞.
【反】slovenly（adj 懒散的；不修边幅的）
adjective
ORDERED 整齐的
 IMPROVER
■having everything ordered and arranged in the right place, or liking to keep things like this 整齐的；整洁的，有条理的
• The house was clean and tidy. 房子干净整洁。
• My flatmate isn't very tidy. 我的室友不怎么爱整洁。
• neat and tidy 整整齐齐
• a tidy solution 条理分明的解决方法
['taɪ.di] adjective
LARGE 大的
[before noun] informal
■(of amounts of money) large （款额）巨大的
• His business deals make him a tidy sum. 他做生意赚了一大笔钱。
['taɪ.di] noun
a desk/car/sink, etc. tidy
■a small container for a few objects, that makes it easier for you to keep your desk, car, etc. tidy 写字枱杂物箱／汽车杂物箱／洗涤槽的过滤网罩等
['taɪ.di] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a place or a collection of things tidy 整理；收拾
• Tidy (up) these papers before you leave, please. 请把这些档整理好再走。
• I'm tired of asking you to tidy your room (up). 老是叫你收拾房间，我都厌烦了。
• Have you tidied up yet, kids? 孩子，你们收拾好了吗？
['taɪ.di] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tidy sth away
■to put things back in drawers, cupboards and other places where they are kept, after you have used them 将…收起来，将…放回原处
• The children were expected to tidy away their toys before bedtime. 孩子们要在睡觉前把玩具收拾好。
orderly, tidy, neat, trim
这组词都有“整齐的，整洁的”的意思，其区别是：
orderly: 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
tidy: 侧重整齐，井然有序。
neat: 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
trim: 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观。
adj. 整齐的；相当大的
 - considerable, ordered, regular, straight
vt. 整理；收拾；弄整齐
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 整理；收拾
 - sort things out, put in order

Word: hard-core
Front: hard-core
[hɑrd kɔ:] None
Back: adj. 硬（果）心的; 特别坚定的; 低级色情的
n. 核心力量; 铁杆分子
分布：赤裸裸的(60%)，坚定的(20%)，极度的(20%)
US [ˌhɑ:rd'kɔ:r] adjective
SEX 性
■showing sexual acts clearly and in detail （性描写）赤裸裸的，露骨的
• hard-core pornography 赤裸裸的色情作品
UK [ˌhɑ:d'kɔ:r] US [ˌhɑ:rd'kɔ:r] adjective
BELIEF 信仰
■describes people who strongly believe in something 信念坚定的
• hard-core party members 党内的顽强分子
adj. 中坚的；顽固不化的；赤裸裸描写性行为的
 - unrepentant

Word: revel
Front: revel
[ˈrevl] (9865/11538 -1)
Vocabulary: revel
(once / 491 pages)
vn
Revel means to take great pleasure. If you revel in something, you're not just pleased or even excited; you're overwhelmed by joy.
It used to mean riotous merry-making. Now it means to bask in the self-reflected glow of your own pleasure. You revel in your victory lap after winning the race. Your brother is constantly on your case for being clumsy, so when he knocks down a table filled with glassware, you revel in it. Think of it as a high level of pleasure.
WORD FAMILY
revel: reveled, reveler, reveling, revelled, reveller, revelling, revelry, revels+/ reveler: revelers/reveller: revellers/ revelry: revelries
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Isao Takahata’s animated drama revels in memories big and small with a subtle touch that’s rare in film, animated or otherwise.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Chelew reveled in the Crescent City’s richly diverse music scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 陶醉; 狂欢作乐; 扬扬得意
n. 狂欢，作乐; 喧闹的宴会或庆典
时态：revelled, revelling, revels
分布：狂欢(56%)，陶醉(32%)，作乐(6%)，狂欢作乐(6%)
→来自古法语 rebeller,造反，狂欢，词源同 rebel.字母 b,v 音变。
['rev.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive literary
■to dance, drink, sing, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way （尤指吵闹地）狂欢，纵酒，作乐
['rev.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive literary
  Phrasal Verbs  revel in sth
■to get great pleasure from a situation or an activity 陶醉于；沉湎于；纵情于
• She's revelling in her newly found freedom. 她纵情享受着重新找回的自由生活。
• He revelled in his role as team manager. 他从担任球队教练这个工作中获得了很大乐趣。
vi. 狂欢；陶醉
 - have a ball, whoop up
n. 狂欢；闹饮；喜庆狂欢活动
 - orgy, whoop-de-do

Word: humorous
Front: humorous
[ˈhju:mərəs] (中高研四六托 9877/9475 -K1)
Vocabulary: humorous
(once / 618 pages)
adj
If something is humorous it's funny. Humorous is a fine tone for toasting at your friend’s wedding, but not so much for the reading of someone's last will and testament.
When we talk about humor, we’re usually talking about something funny. But originally the word humorous had to do with the body’s humors, or moods. If you’re reading a medieval book on medicine, you might find descriptions of humorous maladies. Those aren’t joke sicknesses. But if anyone born after 1700 says something is humorous, it means they think it's funny.
WORD FAMILY
humorous: humorously, humorousness, unhumorous+/ humor: humoral, humored, humoring, humorist, humorless, humorous, humors/humored: ill-humored/humorist: humorists/humorless: humorlessly/unhumorous: unhumorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also a show that reflects the diversity of working-class America in a humorous microcosm.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
"Not everyone realised this was a humorous present from RT," the broadcaster said.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Others were somewhat humorous, like the sweet old lady who pulled me aside at a New Hampshire diner.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 幽默的; 滑稽的; 风趣的; 谐
分布：幽默的(81%)，诙谐的(19%)
→来自humor,幽默。
a.富于幽默感的,幽默的;滑稽的The humorous rumour has something to do with human humanity and vanity.那个幽默传闻与人类的仁慈和虚荣心有关.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■funny, or making you laugh 幽默的；滑稽的
• Her latest book is a humorous look at teenage life. 她的新书是对青少年生活的一种幽默审视。
comic, witty, funny, humorous
这组词都有“使人高兴的，令人发笑的”的意思，其区别是：
comic: 指像喜剧一样滑稽可笑。
witty: 强调机智而饶有风趣。
funny: 非正式用词，通常侧重因古怪、奇特或不合适宜的举动等引起的发笑。
humorous: 指富有幽默感、诙谐、引人发笑的。
adj. 诙谐的，幽默的；滑稽的，可笑的
 - funny, witty

Word: blackness
Front: blackness
['blæknəs] (9868/10635 -1)
Back: n. 黑色; 黑人民族性; 阴郁; 邪恶
分布：黑色(75%)，阴险(25%)
noun uncountable
■the quality of being very dark or an area of darkness 黑暗，黑暗的地方
n. 黑色；阴险
 - Film-Noir, nigrescence

Word: impaired
Front: impaired
[ɪmˈpeəd] (9874/12873)
Vocabulary: impaired
(once / 1253 pages)
adj
When something is impaired, it's diminished or damaged. Someone who can't see very well has impaired sight.
When something is broken and isn't working at 100%, it's impaired. People with impaired hearing are deaf, and people who are physically impaired have to use crutches or wheelchairs. Everyone who wears glasses or contact lenses has impaired vision. If you break your ankle, your ability to walk is impaired. And if something caused you to make a bad decision, you could say your judgment was impaired.
WORD FAMILY
impaired: unimpaired+/ impair: impaired, impairer, impairing, impairment, impairs/impairer: impairers/ impairment: impairments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Robert Stevens didn’t appear to be impaired by alcohol or drugs, and it wasn’t immediately clear what caused the car to accelerate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Iowa Statewide Impaired Driver Plan offers a blueprint for lawmakers to act.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officers arrested 13 suspected impaired drivers, including two in Warwick, four in Cranston, one in Foster, two in Burrillville and one in Bristol.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 受损的; 出毛病的; 有（身体或智力）缺陷的
v. 损害，削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：受损的(100%)
COMB in ADJ
(用于构成形容词，表示某种能力上的障碍)听力/视力受损的,有听力/视力障碍的
You use -impaired in adjectives where you are describing someone with a particular disability. For example, someone who is hearing-impaired has a disability affecting their hearing, and someone who is visually-impaired has a disability affecting their sight.
例：More than 1 in 20 of the population is hearing-impaired to some extent...人口总数的 1/20 强在某种程度上存在听力障碍。
例：There are 1.7 million blind and visually impaired people in Britain.英国有 170 万失明和视力受损人口。
adj. 受损的
 - hurt
v. 损害（impaire的过去式和过去分词）
 - damaged

Word: vista
Front: vista
[ˈvɪstə] (托宝 8658/14152 -1)
Vocabulary: vista
(once / 1098 pages)
n
A vista is a scene, view, or panorama. It's what you stop to see when you climb to the top of a mountain, or pull off the road at the "scenic view" rest stop.
Vista is an Italian word that means "sight" or "view." It's the same in Spanish and is related to the verb avistar, which means "to catch sight of." Hasta la vista! means, literally, "Until I see you!" (or, more simply, "See you later!"). As in Spain and Mexico, we like to name our towns after a vista: Buena Vista ("great scenery"), Chula Vista ("pleasant view"), and Rio Vista ("overlooking the river") are all places in California.
WORD FAMILY
vista: vistas
USAGE EXAMPLES
And — perhaps most inexplicable of all — there was 2007, when millions of people voluntarily installed Windows Vista.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
There are stunning vistas of rugged, bucolic coastal inlets.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It ends up somewhere between Santana and Buena Vista Social Club, and a long way from tradition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 远景; 狭长的街景; 追溯往事; 展望，回顾
分布：展望(60%)，街景(30%)，回想(10%)
→来自拉丁语videre,看，-st,过去分词后缀。引申词义景观，远景，展望等。
【记】vis看，ta：远景
noun countable literary
■a view, especially a splendid view from a high position 美景；（尤指从高处看到的）壮观景色
• After a hard climb, we were rewarded by a picture-postcard vista of rolling hills under a deep blue summer sky. 一番艰苦的攀登之后，我们得到了回报，只见蔚蓝的夏日晴空下群山起伏，如诗如画。
■a possible future action or event that you can imagine 前景
• As leader, he opened up exciting vistas of global co-operation. 作为领袖，他开启了全球合作的美好前景。
n. 远景，狭长的街景；展望；回顾
 - perspective, outlook, review

Word: melon
Front: melon
[ˈmelən] (高研四六宝 9886/12740 -1)
Back: n. 甜瓜; 圆鼓鼓像瓜似的东西
分布：甜瓜(100%)
→来自拉丁语melonem,来自希腊语melopepon,葫芦果，葫芦状的苹果，来自melon,苹果，词源同malic,pepon,一种葫芦，可能来自pepon,熟的，来自pekw,煮，词源同cook,dyspeptic.后用以指甜瓜，香瓜，哈蜜瓜一类的瓜果。需注意的是，melon在希腊语除了指苹果，也指其它各种各样的水果，尤其是外来品种，如peach,字面意思为波斯苹果。
n.甜瓜This kind of water melon is most favored.这种西瓜最受欢迎.
【记】mel甜蜜，on－甜瓜
【参】watermelon（n 西瓜）
noun countable or uncountable
■a large round fruit with hard yellow or green skin, sweet juicy flesh and a lot of seeds 瓜；甜瓜
n. 瓜；甜瓜；大肚子；圆鼓鼓像瓜似的东西
 - muskmelon

Word: shade
Front: shade
[ʃeɪd] (高研四六托 2984/3205 -K3)
Back: n. 遮阳，遮棚; 挡风物; 玻璃罩; （画的）阴暗部分
vt. 遮蔽; 险胜; 加灯罩; 画阴影于…之上
vi. 逐渐变化
时态：shaded, shading, shades
分布：阴影(41%)，遮蔽(18%)，渐变(15%)，遮光物(13%)，使阴暗(8%)，使渐变(5%)
→来自古英语 scead,遮盖，树阴，来自 Proto-Germanic*skadwaz,遮盖，来自 skot,遮盖，掩 盖，黑暗，可能来自 skeu,隐藏，遮盖，词源同 shoe,hide.引申诸相关词义。
n.荫,阴影;遮光物,罩v.遮蔽,遮光She shaded her face from the sun with her hand.她用手挡脸,遮蔽阳光.
【记】在夜幕降临的时候，shade和周围的颜色差别越来越小－细微差别
noun
SLIGHT DARKNESS 昏暗
 ADVANCED uncountable
■slight darkness caused by something blocking the direct light from the sun 阴处；阴凉处
• The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer us shade. 太阳火辣辣的，没有树让我们遮阳。
• The children played in/under the shade of a large beach umbrella. 孩子们在一把大沙滩遮阳伞下的阴凉处玩耍。
⇒ See also sunshade
 ADVANCED countable
■a covering that is put over an electric light in order to make it less bright 灯罩
• The lamps all had matching purple shades. 这些灯都有与之相配的紫色灯罩。
uncountable specialized (also shading)
■the parts of a picture or painting that the artist has made slightly darker than the other parts （画作中的）阴影部分，暗部
• A good artist can produce a very realistic effect using only light and shade. 高明的艺术家只用明暗色调就能创造出一种栩栩如生的效果。
shades [plural] informal
■dark glasses 太阳镜，墨镜
• She was wearing a black leather jacket and shades. 她穿了一件黑色皮夹克，戴着太阳眼镜。
countable US for * roller blind
[ʃeɪd] noun
DEGREE 程度
countable
■a type or degree of a colour 色调，色度
• Their kitchen is painted an unusual shade of yellow/an unusual yellow shade. 他们的厨房被刷成了一种少见的黄色。
• This hair colouring comes in several shades. 这种染发剂有几种深浅不同的颜色。
• The room has been decorated in pastel shades (= soft and light colours) throughout. 整个房间采用了清淡柔和的色彩作装饰。
countable
■type or variation 种类；差别
• They are hoping to satisfy all shades of public opinion. 他们希望能让持各种不同意见的人们都满意。
• There are several shades of meaning in that sentence. 那句话有多层意思。
a shade
■slightly 少许，少量
• Don't you think those trousers are a shade too tight? 难道你不觉得那条裤子稍嫌太紧了吗？
• The journey took us a shade over/under three hours. 旅途花了我们三个小时多一点／近三个小时。
• Our new car cost us a shade more/less than we were expecting it to. 我们买新车所花的钱比我们预期的要多／少一点。
shades of sth/sb informal
■similarities with something or someone 与…的相似处
• I fancied there were shades of socialism in the way the school was run. 我认为，这所学校的管理方式与社会主义有些类似。
■said to mean that something or someone makes you remember something or someone similar in the past 像（过去某人或某物）的样子
• In his speech he said - shades of Martin Luther King Jr. - that he had a dream. 他在演讲中说道——像小马丁‧路德‧金一样——他有一个梦。
[ʃeɪd] noun
light and shade
■different parts of the character of a person or the quality of a thing 丰富多彩，多种多样
• The orchestra's playing brought out the light and shade in the music. 该管弦乐队在演奏中表现出了音乐丰富的层次感。
[ʃeɪd] noun
put/leave sb in the shade
■to be so good that another person or thing does not seem important or worth very much 使黯然失色，使相形见绌
• Although I thought I'd done well, my sister's exam results put mine in the shade. 尽管我认为自己考得不错，但我妹妹的考试成绩让我相形见绌。
[ʃeɪd] noun
shades of grey
■the possibility of uncertainty 不确定性，灰色区域
• The film presents a straightforward choice between good and evil, with no shades of grey. 这部电影在善恶之间的选择问题上泾渭分明，没有半点模棱两可的地方。
[ʃeɪd] verb
STOP LIGHT 遮光
transitive
■to prevent direct light from shining on something 给…遮住直射光线
• I shaded my eyes from the glare of the sun. 我遮住眼睛，避开刺眼的阳光。
• The broad avenues are shaded by splendid trees. 宽阔的大道荫庇在大树下。
[ʃeɪd] verb
CHANGE 变化
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to gradually change or become 逐渐变化，渐变
• At sunset, the sky shaded from pink into dark red. 日落时分，天空逐渐由粉色变为深红。
• Their views shade into the policies of the extreme left of the party. 他们的观点逐渐演变成党内极左派的政策。
[ʃeɪd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shade sth in
■to make part of a picture darker 将（图画某部分）的颜色加深
shadow, shade
这组词都有“荫，荫凉处”的意思，其区别是：
shadow: 常指光线被物体挡住所产生的阴影，影子，有明显的轮廓。
shade: 指阳光被遮挡后出现的荫凉处，如树荫等，无一定的轮廓或边界。
n. 树荫；阴影；阴凉处；遮阳物；（照片等的）明暗度；少量、些微；细微的差别
 - umbrage, fantom
vt. 使阴暗；使渐变；为…遮阳；使阴郁；掩盖
 - dull, overshadow
vi. （颜色、色彩等）渐变
 - graduate

Word: lagoon
Front: lagoon
[ləˈgu:n] (托宝 9872/12549 -1)
Vocabulary: lagoon
(once / 1226 pages)
n
If you are snorkeling off the coast of Florida in water cut off from the main ocean, you are likely in a lagoon — a body of water separated from the main ocean.
If you’re familiar with the 60s TV show “Gilligan’s Island,” you probably already know what a lagoon is. Much of the show’s action took place at the lagoon, where the lovable castaways spent their time hanging around and planning how to be rescued. A lagoon is a good place for castaways to congregate because it’s shallow and separated from the ocean by a natural barrier, which means it’s protected from the rough waters of the ocean and offers easier access for swimming and fishing. If you’re ever stranded on a deserted island, you too would probably choose to spend your time at the lagoon, staring into the distance and watching for approaching ships.
WORD FAMILY
lagoon: lagoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another plant with lagoons to break down waste in nearby Morne-a-Cabrit is operating below capacity.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the shadows, the dunes separate the lagoon from the Atlantic Ocean.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
China claims nearly all of the sea and is pitted against smaller neighbors in multiple disputes over islands, coral reefs and lagoons.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 环礁湖; 泻湖; 咸水湖
分布：泻湖(76%)，咸水湖(24%)
→词源同lake,湖，-oon,大词后缀。用来指环礁湖。
【记】源于：goose（n 鹅）在lagoon中。
noun countable
■an area of sea water separated from the sea by a reef (= a line of rocks and sand) 泻湖，濒海湖，环礁湖
• a tropical lagoon 热带环礁湖
n. [地理] [水文] 泻湖；环礁湖；咸水湖
 - barachois, haff

Word: worn
Front: worn
[wɔ:n] (高 9882/14757 -1)
Back: adj. 穿旧的，用旧的; 穿坏的，用坏的; 筋疲力尽的
v. wear的过分词
分布：用旧的(43%)，憔悴的(29%)，穿坏的(14%)，动词wear的过去分词形式(7%)，精疲力竭的(7%)
→来自wear的过去分词。
US [wɔ:rn] verb past participle of
■ wear
adj. 疲倦的；用旧的
 - tired, harassed
v. 穿；磨损（wear的过去分词）；佩戴
 - frayed

Word: unavailable
Front: unavailable
[ˌʌnəˈveɪləbl] (9876/9593 -1)
Vocabulary: unavailable
(once / 3435 pages)
adj
If you can't meet your friend for dinner on Tuesday because you have other plans, you are unavailable. If the shoes you want have been sold out, they are unavailable. Unavailable means not accessible.
If you avail yourself of something, you use it or take advantage of it. You might avail yourself of discount tickets to the theater provided by your school. If the tickets are all sold out, they are unavailable to you. In the context of dating, if someone is unavailable, he or she is already in a steady relationship or married. Someone emotionally unavailable is not open to sharing their feelings.
WORD FAMILY
unavailable: unavailability+/ avail: available, availed, availing, avails/ availability: availabilities/ available: availability, availableness, availably, unavailable /availing: unavailing/unavailing: unavailingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no point in playing in Week 17 when important starters are unavailable and the results become skewed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Monroe County public defender’s office was unavailable to comment before business hours Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But they were unavailable over the Thanksgiving holiday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以获得的; 不能利用的
分布：得不到的(55%)，不能利用的(30%)，没空的(15%)
adjective
[after verb]
■If someone is unavailable, they are not able to talk to people or meet people, usually because they are doing other things （通常指某人忙于他事而）不能会面的，不能交谈的，抽不开身的
• The Minister accused of misleading parliament was unavailable for comment last night. 被指责误导议会的部长昨晚无暇接受采访发表评论。
■If something is unavailable, you cannot get it or use it （某物）得不到的，不能使用的
• This information was previously unavailable to the public. 这样的资讯以前公众是无法获知的。

Word: dysfunctional
Front: dysfunctional
[dɪsˈfʌŋkʃənl] (宝 9869/27797)
Vocabulary: dysfunctional
(once / 11026 pages)
adj
Dysfunctional describes something that doesn't work the way it should. If you know all the printers at the school computer lab are dysfunctional, it's better to print your book report at home.
Dys- means "bad," and function means "proper purpose," so when something's working badly, it's dysfunctional. For example, your toaster that always burns the toast is dysfunctional. The word dysfunctional is often used to describe relationships or even whole families whose ways of relating to one another are mentally harmful or are so complicated that nothing feels easy or natural about them.
WORD FAMILY
dysfunctional: dysfunctionally+/ dysfunction: dysfunctional, dysfunctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was a chubby child, not good at games, unpopular with peers, and embedded in a dysfunctional family.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Our political institutions are being undermined and are increasingly dysfunctional.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And the back story of a childhood that was “dysfunctional to the max,” Mr. van Gelderen said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 功能失调的
[dɪs'fʌŋk.ʃən.əl] specialized
adjective
■not behaving or working normally 失调的，失常的
• a dysfunctional family 不正常的家庭

Word: forgotten
Front: forgotten
[fəˈgɒtn] (9889/11239)
Vocabulary: forgotten
(once / 92 pages)
adj
Something that's forgotten isn't remembered or considered. Your forgotten mail might sit in the mailbox all weekend, if you simply don't think about it.
Your English teacher might reassure you that the bad grade you got on a paper last month is forgotten, and you could find that as you start reading a great book, your difficult day is forgotten. In both cases, something is overlooked, disregarded or erased from memory. Forgotten comes from forget, from the Old English forgietan, "fail to remember" or "neglect inadvertently."
WORD FAMILY
forgotten: forgottenly+/ forget: forgetful, forgeting, forgets, forgettable, forgetting, forgot, forgotten / forgetful: forgetfully, forgetfulness, self-forgetful/forgetfulness: forgetfulnesses/forgettable: forgettably, unforgettable / unforgettable: unforgettably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The spread of the right to be forgotten is part of a wider trend towards the fragmentation of the internet.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Wexler can’t understand how a century’s worth of concern over the potential impact of gambling on the “integrity” of pro sports is seemingly being forgotten.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When the two men left America, their work was soon forgotten.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 忘记( forget的过去分词 ); 不再想; 忘记做（或带、买等）; 不再考虑…的可能
分布：动词forget的过去分词(100%)
Forgotten is the past participle of forget .

Word: buyout
Front: buyout
[ˈbaɪaʊt] (9883/17293 -1)
Back: n. 全部买下; 买下（公司或产业）
分布：买断(72%)，全部买下(28%)
noun countable
■(in business) a situation where a person or group buys all the shares belonging to a company and so gets control of it （商业上的）控制股权收购
• a management buyout 管理层收购

Word: scorer
Front: scorer
[ˈskɔ:rə(r)] (9855/9287 -2)
Back: n. （体育比赛时的）记分员; 得分或进球的运动员; 刻划痕迹的人; 算账的人，账房
分布：记录员(50%)，得分者(50%)
→score,得分，-er,人。
US ['skɔ:r.ɚ] noun countable (US usually scorekeeper)
■the person who records the score in a game 记分员
■someone who scores a point or goal in a game 得分者；进球者
n. （竞赛等的）记分员；记录员；得分者；刻划痕迹的人
 - marker, recorder

Word: temper
Front: temper
[ˈtempə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 6436/4768 -2)
Vocabulary: temper
(once / 103 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
Temper can refer to a tendency to become unreasonably angry. If you’re not sure whether you have a temper, ask your friends — but don’t get mad if you dislike what they have to say.
Temper has a number of related yet distinct meanings. In addition to describing a tendency to anger, temper can also refer to one’s mood in general; if you use the word in this sense, you might describe someone's temper as "angry" or "mild." Temper can also be used as a verb meaning “to restrain.” If you have a nasty temper, you might try tempering your temper by counting to ten whenever you’re tempted to throw a "temper tantrum," or fit.
WORD FAMILY
temper: distemper, temperance, tempered, tempering, tempers+/distemper: distempered, distempering, distempers/ intemperance: intemperances/ temperance: intemperance, temperances/tempered: ill-tempered, temperedest, temperedly, untempered/tempering: temperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Every time I’m near him, I lose my temper because he just doesn’t see that he’s ever done anything wrong.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This cautious optimism is tempered with a very big caveat, however …
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
At times you lose your temper, and shock your children by shouting or screaming at them.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 性情，脾气; 特征; （钢等）回火; 怒气
vt. 调和; 使回火; 锻炼; 缓和
vi. 使调和
时态：tempered, tempering, tempers
分布：脾气(84%)，性情(7%)，锻炼(5%)，调和(3%)，使缓和(1%)
→来自 temper,调和。在中世纪医学理论特指人体内的四种体液的组合或融合，即血液，黏液， 胆汁液，黑胆汁，这四种体液的组合决定了人的脾性和性情，因而引申诸相关词义。词义火 气缩写自 bad temper.更多参照 humor 词源。temper 回火，管控，调和，调节
脾气;心情v.调和(temper时间→不同的时间不同的心情→脾气)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
n.脾气;韧度vt.调和,使缓和;使回火Because of the temperature tempo, I temporarily lost temper to my contemporary in the temple.由于温度进度的原因,我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气.
【参】temperamental（adj 喜怒无常的）；tempest（n 暴风雨；v 使狂怒）
【反】asperity（n 严酷；粗暴）－mildness of temper（脾气温和）
US [-pɚ] noun
 ADVANCED [C often singular]
■when someone becomes angry very quickly 脾气；易怒
• She has a real temper. 她很容易发脾气。
• He's got a really bad temper. 他的脾气真坏。
lose your temper ADVANCED
■to suddenly become angry 发脾气，发火
• The children behaved so badly that I lost my temper. 孩子们太不懂规矩，我不由得发了火。
keep your temper
■to succeed in staying calm and not becoming angry 不发脾气；保持冷静
• I found it hard to keep my temper with so many things going wrong. 这么多的事情弄得一团糟，我很难不发脾气。
be in a bad/foul, etc. temper
■to be feeling angry 生气，发怒
• I'd avoid her if I were you - she's in a foul temper. 我要是你，就会避着她——她正气头上。
[S or U] formal or literary
■mood or emotional state 心情或情绪的状态
• He appears to be a man of calm and even temper. 他看来是一个脾气温和、平静的男人。
UK ['tem.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
tempers get frayed
■If you say that tempers are getting (rather) frayed, you mean that people are getting angry with each other. 互相发脾气
UK ['tem.pər] US [-pɚ] verb transitive
REDUCE 减少 formal
■to make something less strong, extreme, etc. 使缓和；使变温和；使变淡
• My enthusiasm for the venture was somewhat tempered by my knowledge of the work that would be involved. 当我了解到完成这个风险专案计划所要做的工作时，我的热情多少消退了一些。
• I learnt to temper my criticism. 我学会批评别人时语气要缓和些。
UK ['tem.pər] US [-pɚ] verb transitive
METAL 金属
■to heat and then cool a metal in order to make it hard 使（金属）回火；锻造
• tempered steel 回火钢
nature, complexion, personality, disposition, character, temper
这组词都有“性格、气质、性情、习性”的意思，其区别是：
nature: 指天生的、不可改变性格。
complexion: 指由思维方式、态度和情绪所决定的本质特征。
personality: 主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。
disposition: 书面用词，指人的主要爱好或思想、精神方面的重要习性、气质。也可指短暂的情绪。
character: 指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。
temper: 指从感情方面体现出来，决定处理问题或应付形势的方式的性格或性情，这种性情可以是暂时的也可以长久的。
n. 脾气；（钢等） [机] 回火；性情；倾向
 - tendency, liability, trend, preference, disposition
vt. [机] 使回火；锻炼；调和；使缓和
 - comfort, take exercises
vi. [机] 回火；调和
 - pop back, back fire

Word: unmistakable
Front: unmistakable
[ˌʌnmɪˈsteɪkəbl] (9884/10175 -1)
Back: adj. 不会弄错的，不会误解的
分布：明显的(81%)，错不了的(19%)
adjective
■not likely to be confused with something else 不会弄错的，确定无疑的
• There was an unmistakable smell of incense in the air. 空气中有明显的薰香味道。
adj. 明显的；不会弄错的
 - obvious, distinct, visible, evident

Word: divisive
Front: divisive
[dɪˈvaɪsɪv] (9881/14859 -1)
Vocabulary: divisive
(once / 7392 pages)
adj
If you say something that is intended to make people angry with each other, your words are divisive. If you want to avoid divisive talk at your family's Thanksgiving dinner, it's probably best to avoid discussing politics.
The adjective divisive is related to the verb divide, which means "to separate things or pull them apart." Divisive things divide. That's why it's best to avoid potentially divisive topics like politics if you believe you are in the company of people who have differing opinions. Don't confuse divisive with decisive, which means "able to make decisions" and "unmistakable, beyond a doubt."
WORD FAMILY
divisive: divisively
USAGE EXAMPLES
More and more people may conclude that it is the president’s failed, divisive policies that must change if the carnage is to end.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The archbishop echoed the sentiment of Prime Minister Theresa May, who called for unity following June's "divisive" vote in her new year message.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
A resident of Sugar Land, Texas, evidently paid for the object, which was installed in a public plaza in May—and proved divisive.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 离间的; 造成不合的; 制造分裂的
分布：分裂的(76%)，区分的(18%)，不和的(6%)
adjective
■describes something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people 有争议的；引起分歧的
• The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the US. 越南战争在美国是一个极具争议的问题。
adj. 分裂的；区分的；造成不和的
 - partite, schismatical

Word: alcoholic
Front: alcoholic
[ˌælkəˈhɒlɪk] (高 7755/7952 -K2)
Vocabulary: alcoholic
(once / 1762 pages)
adjn
Something that's alcoholic contains alcohol. At a party, the host may offer a pitcher of alcoholic punch and another of non-alcoholic punch.
Use alcoholic to describe something that has alcohol in it, or otherwise has to do with alcohol. Alcoholic cider, for example, is fermented, and drinking too much can be intoxicating. The noun alcoholic means a person who's dependent on alcohol, whose drinking has become compulsive and unhealthy. This meaning developed in the late 1800s, from the earlier term alcoholist. The group Alcoholics Anonymous was founded in 1935 for alcoholics to help themselves and others quit drinking.
WORD FAMILY
alcoholic: alcoholically, alcoholics, nonalcoholic+/ alcohol: alcoholic, alcoholise, alcoholism, alcoholize, alcohols/alcoholism: alcoholisms/alcoholize: alcoholized, alcoholizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Utah Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control oversees all licensing and runs the state’s liquor stores.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a phone conversation with a lady from Alcoholics Anonymous.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Twenty years ago, nearly three-quarters of young people said it was their favorite alcoholic drink, according to surveys by Gallup and Goldman Sachs Investor Research.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 酒精的，含酒精的; 酒精中毒的
n. 酗酒者，酒鬼; 酒精中毒者
分布：酒精的(38%)，含酒精的(32%)，酗酒者(19%)，酗酒的(11%)
US [-'hɑ:.lɪk] adjective
■containing alcohol 含酒精的
• Could I have something non-alcoholic, like orange juice, please? 能给我来些不含酒精的饮料吗，比如柳橙汁甚么的？
UK [ˌæl.kə'hɒl.ɪk] US [-'hɑ:.lɪk] noun countable (slang alky) (alkie)
■a person who is unable to give up the habit of drinking alcohol very often and in large amounts 酗酒者，嗜酒者
adj. [有化] 酒精的，含酒精的
 - spirituous
n. 酒鬼，酗酒者
 - drunkard, bibber

Word: sensational
Front: sensational
[senˈseɪʃənl] (托 9888/8618 -1)
Vocabulary: sensational
(once / 1274 pages)
adj
Something sensational gets your attention. It's either amazing or a little trashy — like a sensational tabloid story.
Sensational things cause quite a sensation — usually a feeling of curiosity or interest. Sensational events and sensational people keep you watching and listening. A guy juggling seven flaming bowling balls is sensational. A super popular new song is sensational. But this word does have some negative connotations, as it often describes news stories that have little merit other than their shock value. "Sexy Starlet Visits Fertility Clinic!" is a trashy kind of sensational headline.
WORD FAMILY
sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/ insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical / nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically/oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensibility: sensibilities/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/ sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought, “What kind of junk is this with all the sensational news about ‘fake news’?”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They were in their prime, playing and singing brilliantly, and the chord changes are sensational.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
And while the picture is startling, it’s not gory or sensational in a gratuitous way.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 轰动的; 耸人听闻的; 极好的; 绝妙的
分布：耸人听闻的(72%)，轰动的(28%)
→sensation,轰动，哗然，-al,形容词后缀。
【反】numb（adj 麻木的；v 失去知觉）
adjective approving
■very good, exciting or unusual 极好的；绝妙的；出众的
• a sensational sports car/dress 极好的跑车／连衣裙
• She looks sensational (= extremely attractive) in her new dress. 她穿上新裙子漂亮极了。
■disapproving
■describes news reports and articles that are intended to be shocking and exciting rather than serious （新闻报导或文章）意在引起轰动的，耸人听闻的
• Some of the more sensational newspapers have given a lot of coverage to the scandal. 一些更耸人听闻的报纸以很大篇幅报导了这一丑闻。
sensational, sensible, sentimental, sensitive
这是一组形近易混词。
sensational: a.耸人听闻的，令人激动的。
 • I read a sensational story about a ten-year-old mother.   我听到一则耸人听闻的故事：十岁女孩做妈妈。
sensible: a.有知觉的，可感知的；明智的。
 • The patient was speechless but still sensible.   病人虽然不能说话但仍然有知觉。
sentimental: a.多愁善感的，感伤的。
 • The novel has scenes full of love and loss; it is so sentimental!   小说有多处场景充满爱情的悲欢离合，真是感伤啊！
sensitive: a.敏感的，灵敏的。
 • This film is sensitive to light.   这种胶片对光很敏感。
adj. 轰动的；耸人听闻的；非常好的；使人感动的
 - immense, lurid

Word: soundtrack
Front: soundtrack
[ˈsaʊndtræk] (9898/15741 -2)
Back: n. 声道; 音带，声带; 声迹; 电影配音
分布：电影配乐(40%)，声道(35%)，电影原声带(25%)
noun countable
■the sounds, especially the music, of a film, or a separate recording of this 电影声带；（尤指）电影配乐；电影原声带
• The best thing about the film is its soundtrack. 这部电影最成功的地方就是它的配乐。
n. 声带；声道；声迹；电影配音
 - vocal chords, vocal cords

Word: beware
Front: beware
[bɪˈweə(r)] (研六 9885/7615 -1)
Vocabulary: beware
(once / 738 pages)
v
To beware is to be cautious and on your guard. The riskier the situation, the more you need to beware.
A "Beware of the dog" sign means there's a dog in the house who doesn't care for visitors or new people. When you beware, you become very cautious. You look both ways and use extreme caution. This word can be remembered if you break it into two parts: to beware is the same as "to be wary." When you're wary, you're concerned and careful. People in dangerous jobs like the police and fire department need to beware every day.
WORD FAMILY
beware: bewared, bewares, bewaring
USAGE EXAMPLES
But beware of how this game might affect your wallet.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Beware the parallel: The death of the Russian ambassador in Turkey on Monday is nothing like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Musk, Gore, Gates and the other so-called climate champions who choose to collaborate with Trump should beware.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: v. 当心; 提防
时态：bewared, bewaring, bewares
分布：小心(72%)，谨防(28%)
→前缀be-, 强调。ware, 看，意识到，见aware.
注意(be+ware注意)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
v.当心,谨防"Beware the software in the warhouse during the warfare," hare said glaring at me.兔子怒视着我说："战争期间当心仓库里的软件."
US [-'wer] verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■used to warn someone to be very careful about something or someone 当心，小心；注意，提防
• Beware salespeople who promise offers that seem too good to be true. 要提防那些满口承诺的推销员，他们说得越天花乱坠，便越不可信。
• You should beware of undercooked food when staying in hot countries. 留在气候炎热的国家里，小心别吃未煮熟的食物。
• Beware of falling asleep while sunbathing. 晒日光浴时当心睡着。
 ADVANCED intransitive
■used on signs to warn people of something dangerous （用于警告标志）当心，小心
• Beware of the dog. 小心有狗。
• Beware - poisonous chemicals. 小心——化学品有毒。
vi. 当心，小心
 - take care, mind your eye
vt. 注意，当心；提防
 - watching, take care of

Word: condominium
Front: condominium
[ˌkɒndəˈmɪniəm] (9899/40759 -1)
Vocabulary: condominium
(once / 9571 pages)
n
A condominium is a building made up of privately owned apartments. Your grandparents might decide to move into a condominium in Florida.
A condominium is split into units, which can be apartments, floors of houses, or even entire houses — each of these units is also a condominium. Rather than renting from a landlord, the way you do with an apartment, each occupant owns his or her individual condominium, and they all contribute money each month for maintenance and upkeep. The Modern Latin meaning of condominium is "joint rule or sovereignty," combining com-, "together," and dominum, "right of ownership."
WORD FAMILY
condominium: condominiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
On New Year’s Day, they responded to a call about two stabbings at a Lebanon condominium complex.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A flurry of pricey condominium sales, many of them at Manhattan’s newest ultraluxury developments, provided a strong finale to an already robust 2016.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Last summer, the La Cienega project was sharply criticized by residents of Westbury Terrace, a condominium building across the street from the Caruso site.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 公寓; 一套公寓住房; 公寓的单元
分布：共管(79%)，国际共管(21%)
→con-, 强调。-dom, 管理，控制，词源同domineer, domesticate. 即共管区域。
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable
BUILDING 建筑物 US an apartment building in which each apartment is owned separately by the people living in it, but also containing shared areas 公寓大楼
■(informal condo)
■an apartment in a condominium 一套公寓住房
UK [ˌkɒn.də'mɪn.i.əm] US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable
COUNTRY 国家
■a country which is governed by two or more foreign powers 被两个或多个外国势力共同管辖的国家

Word: pertinent
Front: pertinent
[ˈpɜ:tɪnənt] (六托雅宝 9895/9804 -1)
Vocabulary: pertinent
(once / 565 pages)
adj
Something pertinent is relevant and on-point. If you give your best friend pertinent advice, that means the advice is appropriate for the situation.
Something pertinent is related to the current topic or situation — and probably helpful too. If you're in math class and you make a comment about World War I, that's likely not pertinent. If you're in music class and you talk about a cello, that probably is pertinent. Pertinent things are appropriate and logical. In most situations, people like to get comments and questions that are pertinent — anything else can just seem like a distraction.
WORD FAMILY
pertinent: impertinent, pertinently+/ impertinence: impertinences/ impertinent: impertinence, impertinently/ pertain: pertained, pertaining, pertains, pertinence, pertinency, pertinent /pertinence: pertinences
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another executive producer, the one most pertinent to this story, is Donald Trump.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
He agrees it’s pertinent to his own life.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In his campaign against this food additive, Taubes sifts through centuries’ worth of data pertinent to the subject.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关的，相干的; 恰当的，中肯的; 关于…的; 切题的
分布：相关的(67%)，中肯的(18%)，恰当的(9%)，切题的(6%)
→来自pertain,与相关，从属，-ent,形容词后缀。
恰当的;相干的(pertain的形容词：per+tin+ent)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】per全部，tin＝tain拿住，ent－有关系
【反】immaterial（adj 无关紧要的）；irrelevant（adj 无关的）lack of relevance（无关系的）
US ['pɝ:.tən.ənt] formal
adjective
■relating directly to the subject being considered 有关的，直接相关的
• a pertinent question/remark 切中要害的问题／评论
• Chapter One is pertinent to the post-war period. 第一章讲述的是战后时期。
adj. 相关的，相干的；中肯的；切题的
 - relevant, relational, correlative

Word: wrath
Front: wrath
[rɒθ] (六托宝 9893/11278 -1)
Vocabulary: wrath
(once / 215 pages)
n
Wrath is great anger that expresses itself in a desire to punish someone: Noah saw the flood as a sign of the wrath of God.
Wrath is also used figuratively of things that behave in a violent way: Earthquakes are the wrath of the sea. This noun and the corresponding adjective wrathful are in literary use but are formal or old-fashioned words, that crop up in fantasy fiction or movies set in prehistoric times.
WORD FAMILY
wrath: wrathful, wraths+/wrathful: wrathfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Achilles’ defining attribute—it’s the first word of the Iliad—is mēnin, usually translated as “wrath” or “rage.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When he was younger, concerned parents pulled their children off the football field, sparing them the wrath of the bruising, hard-hitting grade-schooler.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
United also probably concluded that it wasn’t worth risking the wrath of the incoming commander in chief.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 愤怒; 激怒
分布：愤怒(90%)，激怒(10%)
→来自wreit,弯，转，扭曲，词源同wreath,writhe。引申词义愤怒，尤指神的愤怒。
【记】wra＝wry（v 扭曲），th死：想wry死你，是因为wrath。源于：wreak（v 发泄怒火；报仇）
US [rɑ:θ] formal or old-fashioned
noun uncountable
■extreme anger 愤怒；愤慨
• The people feared the wrath of God. 人们害怕上帝发怒。
fury, anger, wrath, rage, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒”的意思，其区别是：
fury: 语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。
anger: 普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。
wrath: 文学用词，含义与anger相近，但语气强，含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。
rage: 侧重突然而猛列发作，难以控制的大怒。
indignation: 较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。
n. 愤怒；激怒
 - anger, rage

Word: shimmering
Front: shimmering
['ʃɪmərɪŋ] (9903/14954)
Back: v. 闪闪发光，发微光( shimmer的现在分词 )
分布：闪烁的(80%)，迷人的(12%)，动词shimmer的现在分词形式.(8%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■reflecting a gentle light which seems to move slightly 闪烁的，微微晃动的
• We drove across the desert, through the shimmering heat haze. 我们驾车穿过沙漠，穿过闪动的热浪。
■literary
■attractive 有吸引力的；精彩的
• a shimmering new production of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' 精彩的全新版《仲夏夜之梦》
adj. 闪烁的；微微发亮的
 - glittery, scintillant
v. 闪耀（shimmer进行式）
 - shine on

Word: decor
Front: decor
[ˈdeɪkɔ:(r)] (9880/10218 -1)
Vocabulary: decor
(once / 183 pages)
n
The way you paint and furnish a room in your house is its decor. Interior designers are experts at planning decor.
Filmmakers who want to capture a certain look hire a production designer, whose job in part is to organize the decor on various sets. In your own house, the extent of your decor might be gray paint on the walls, a few knickknacks, bookshelves, and hand-me-down furniture. Decor comes from the French décor, from décorer, "to decorate." Decor was originally a theater term.
WORD FAMILY
decor: decorate, decors+/ decorate: decorated, decorates, decorating, decoration, decorative, decorator, redecorate /decorated: undecorated/ decoration: decorations/ decorative: decoratively, decorativeness/ decorator: decorators/ redecorate: redecorated, redecorates, redecorating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Hancock likes to play with shapes in plants to augment his home decor.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The namesake cocktail of the bar Foreign National was anointed among the 28 best in America by Elle Décor magazine.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The walls were white, and the décor was minimalist.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 布置，装饰; 布景; 装饰风格
分布：装饰(79%)，布置(14%)，陈设(7%)
→来自词根dec, 美丽，得体，词源同decent, dignity. 用来指装饰，装修。
UK ['dek.ɔ:r] US [deɪ'kɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■the colour, style and arrangement of the objects in a room （房间内的）装饰布局，装饰风格
• elegant decor 雅致的装饰
n. 装饰，布置
 - arrangement, positioning, setting, placement, laying

Word: wiring
Front: wiring
[ˈwaɪərɪŋ] (9902/10075 -1)
Back: n. 配线，布线; [电]接线，架线; 线路; [医]金属线缝合术
v. 装电线(wire的现在分词)
分布：布线(60%)，配线(39%)，动词wire的现在分词形式.(1%)
→wire,电线，-ing,集合名词后缀，词源同bedding,cabling.
US ['waɪr.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the system of wires that carry electricity in a building （建筑物中的）线路，布线
• The club closed after the fire brigade declared its wiring to be unsafe. 这家俱乐部在消防队宣布它的电路布线不安全之后就关门了。
n. 接线， [电] 架线；线路；金属线缝术
 - routes, lanes

Word: charm
Front: charm
[tʃɑ:m] (研六雅宝 4768/4348 -2)
Vocabulary: charm
(once / 63 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A charm is a magical spell or an object that brings luck: it's also a quality of being attractive and pleasing. To charm someone is to attract them.
There are several types of charms, but they mostly relate to attraction and good luck. A lucky coin is a charm. The spell of a witch that entrances you is a charm. People with magnetic personalities, who make you want to hang out with them, have charm and are therefore considered charming. Also, to charm someone is to attract them and win them over. Popular politicians charm the masses, and teachers' pets charm their teachers.
WORD FAMILY
charm: charmed, charmer, charming, charms+/charmed: charmedly/charmer: charmers/ charming: charmingest, charmingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His detractors accuse him of excessive charm, but it may be more accurate to say that he edits brutality from his world view.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The appeal of the outdoor game lies in the sport's roots, anchored by romantic nostalgia and wintery charm.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The charming canine stories and photographs guided me through those dark years, to a happier job and happier days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 魔力; 魅力; 咒文; （表链等的）小装饰品
vt. 使陶醉; 诱惑; 对…行魔法; 令人陶醉
时态：charmed, charming, charms
分布：魅力(85%)，迷人(8%)，吸引力(5%)，施魔法(1%)，美貌(1%)
→来自拉丁词carmen, 唱歌，念咒，来自词根can, 吟唱，词源同chant, cantata. 字母n在m前r化，比较germ, germane, 来自词根gen, 生育。
魅力吸引力(harm的变体)[harm=fitting(适合)]
n.吸引力,魅力v.迷人,(使)陶醉;施魔法于The alarm harmed the charming harmony of the ceremony.警报声损害了典礼迷人的和谐.
US [tʃɑ:rm] noun
ATTRACTION 吸引力
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a quality which makes you like or feel attracted to someone or something 魅力；吸引力
• a woman of great charm 魅力十足的女人
• It's a town with a lot of old-world charm. 这是座极具古朴魅力的城镇。
• Even as a young boy he knew how to turn on the charm (= be pleasant intentionally) when he wanted something. 即使在小时候，他也知道在想要东西时怎样施展魅力。
• I had to use all my charms to get them to lend us the hall. 我不得不施展出所有魅力让他们把礼堂借给我们。
UK [tʃɑ:m] US [tʃɑ:rm] noun
LUCKY OBJECT 幸运物
countable
■an object or saying which is thought to have magical powers, such as the ability to bring good luck 护身符；符咒，咒语
• He keeps a rabbit's paw as a lucky/good luck charm. 他保留着一只兔爪作为能带来好运的护身符。
UK [tʃɑ:m] US [tʃɑ:rm] noun
JEWELLERY 首饰
countable
■a small, especially gold or silver, object worn on a chain as jewellery （首饰链上的）小饰物（尤指金制或银制）
UK [tʃɑ:m] US [tʃɑ:rm] verb transitive often passive
■to attract someone or persuade someone to do something because of your charm 吸引；迷住；使着迷
• We were charmed by his boyish manner. 我们被他天真烂漫的男孩气质迷住了。
UK [tʃɑ:m] US [tʃɑ:rm] verb transitive often passive
charm the pants off sb slang
■to make someone like you very much, especially when they meet you for the first time （尤指初次见面）使（某人）着迷，极讨（某人）喜欢
• "How did your sister's boyfriend get on with your mum?" "Oh, he charmed the pants off her." “你姐姐的男友跟你妈妈相处得怎么样？”“噢，他很讨她的欢心。”
attract, charm, enchant, fascinate, tempt
这些动词均含有“吸引，引诱”之意。
attract: 普通用词，指客观上吸引人的注意力。
charm: 侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。
enchant: 着重指有能力引起被迷住者的欢乐或赞美。
fascinate: 通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱的意味。
tempt: 指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒。
n. 魅力，吸引力；魔力
 - grace, appeal, fascination
vt. 使陶醉；行魔法
 - intoxicate

Word: insofar
Front: insofar
[ˌɪnsəʊ'fɑ:] (9878/48795)
Vocabulary: insofar
(once / 16837 pages)
adv
Use insofar to mean "as much" or "to the extent." You might, for example, say, "I will get my math homework done insofar as I can.
The adverb insofar is somewhat old fashioned and uncommon these days, but it's a good way to talk about doing something to a certain degree or extent. You might accuse your boss of treating her employees well only insofar that it improves her business, or decide that math is only interesting to you insofar as it seems useful in daily life. The British form of insofar is in so far.
WORD FAMILY
insofar
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paterson, by contrast, seems recessive, reactive and, insofar as the entire movie is based on patterns of repetition, thoroughly predictable.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Jonathan Savella, a lawyer for Huggins, said he was "pleased with the outcome insofar as it will allow him to seek a lower sentence."
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
He, like his players, sacrifices himself for the team, insofar as his approach to management is quite egoless.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 在这个范围，到这种程度
分布：到这种程度(67%)，在这个范围内(33%)

Word: presumption
Front: presumption
[prɪˈzʌmpʃn] (托雅宝 9906/8869 -1)
Vocabulary: presumption
(once / 650 pages)
n
The noun presumption pretty much means jumping to conclusions. It is taking something for granted — an idea, an answer, an event — without having any real knowledge about it, and that is usually not a good thing.
Making a presumption means assuming something is true or false without getting all the information necessary for verification. You can decipher this from the prefix pre, which means "before," together with the sume — from the Latin sumere, "to take." Because so many times a presumption turns out to be false, the word has a negative connotation to it; there's something reckless about making up your mind before you know all the facts.
WORD FAMILY
presumption: presumptions, presumptuous +/presumable: presumably / presume: presumable, presumed, presumes, presuming, presumption, presumptive / presumptive: presumptively/ presumptuous: presumptuously, presumptuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the nickname for the role, Guardian Angel, was freighted with a presumption of unerring perfection and righteous power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Beam believes Wilson’s most egregious transgression was assuming he understood the forces that shaped Nabokov, a presumption Nabokov found repellent.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
To overturn that presumption of permanence and continuity, any future group petitioning the university for renaming will need to address four principles.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 推测，设想; 放肆，傲慢; <律>推定
分布：推测(55%)，放肆(26%)，冒昧(13%)，可能性(6%)
→来自presume,假设，假定，-pt,过去分词格。引申词义自以为是，妄自尊大。
假定;专横(pre+sumpt+ion)[sum,sumpt=take表示"拿,取"]
【记】源于：presume（v 假定）
【参】presupposition（n 预想；假设）
noun countable or uncountable
■when you believe that something is true without having any proof 推定，推测，假定
• The presumption of innocence is central to British law. 英国法律的核心是无罪假定。
• There is no scientific evidence to support such presumptions. 并无科学依据支持这样的推测。
• [+ that] The decision is based on the presumption that all information must be freely available. 这个决定是建立在一切资讯都必须免费提供的假定之上的。
supposition, assumption, hypothesis, presumption
这组词都有“假设，假想”的意思，其区别是：
supposition: 可与assumption换用，还可表某种试探性的主观看法或建议。
assumption: 侧重主观推测或主观设想。
hypothesis: 书面用词，指有待作进一步检验或证实的假设。
presumption: 着重指以可能性为依据的假设。
n. 放肆，傲慢；推测
 - importance, theory, speculation, guess, projection

Word: smoky
Front: smoky
[ˈsməʊki] (9887/14762 -1)
Back: adj. 多烟的; 冒烟的; 有烟熏味的; 烟状的
级别：smokier, smokiest
分布：冒烟的(46%)，烟雾弥漫的(36%)，呛人的(14%)，=smokey.(4%)
US ['smoʊ-]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■If a place is smoky, there is a lot of smoke in it 烟雾弥漫的
• a smoky pub/restaurant 烟雾弥漫的酒吧／餐馆
• a smoky fire 冒烟的火
■describes something which appears to be similar to smoke 烟雾般的
• a smoky blue colour 烟青色
• This wine has a delicious smoky flavour. 这种葡萄酒有一股好闻的烟味。
adj. 冒烟的；烟熏味的；熏着的；呛人的；烟状的
 - fumy, reeky

Word: usefulness
Front: usefulness
[ˈju:sfəlnəs] (9891/8593)
Back: n. 有用，有益，有效; 效能
分布：有用(67%)，有用性(33%)
noun uncountable
■the quality or state of being useful 有用性；用处
• Some people think this system of education has outlived its usefulness (= is no longer useful). 一些人认为这种教育制度已经过时了。
n. 有用；有效性；有益
 - validity, availability

Word: videotape
Front: videotape
[ˈvɪdiəʊteɪp] (四雅 9894/21882 -2)
Back: n. 录像带，录影带
vt. 把…录在录像磁带上
时态：videotaped, videotaping, videotapes
分布：录像(59%)，录像带(41%)
US [-oʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■(a) video (FILM) 盒（卡）式录影带
UK ['vɪd.i.əʊ.teɪp] US [-oʊ-] verb transitive
■to record a film, television programme or event on videotape 录制；把…录下来

Word: unanswered
Front: unanswered
[ʌnˈɑ:nsəd] (9901/13700 -1)
Back: adj. 未予答复的; 无反应的; 无回报的
分布：无响应的(67%)，未予答复的(33%)
US [-'ænt.sɚd] adjective
■not answered or explained 未得到回答（或解释）的
• Questions from local residents remained unanswered. 当地居民提出的问题仍然没有得到答覆。
adj. 未答复的；无反应的
 - reactionless, irresponsive

Word: vocation
Front: vocation
[vəʊˈkeɪʃn] (研六托雅宝 9913/11792 -1)
Vocabulary: vocation
(once / 926 pages)
n
Unless you can find someone to pay you to sip fancy tropical drinks on the beach, your vocation is not likely to be a "vacation." Rather, the word means something you know how to do––or what you do for a living.
The word vocation derives from the Latin vocare "to call." To become a priest, you need to feel that you have been "called" to the ministry directly by God. Their job is their calling, or vocation. An avocation is something you do because you love it. Everyone should make it their goal to have their avocation become their vocation.
WORD FAMILY
vocation: vocational, vocations+/ vocational: vocationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many surnames incorporate the suffix wala or vala, which indicates a vocation or association with a particular food or item.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
I responded that calling unsuspecting women on the telephone to ask them if they were naked was an equally stupid vocation.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
His vocation, his relationships, that he thinks life is worth living, is excited about what the future holds—this is what recovery looks like.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 职业，使命; 神召，天命
分布：职业(63%)，行业(19%)，使命(18%)
→来自拉丁语 vocare,说，呼唤，词源同voice,vow。原义为灵魂的召唤，引申词义职业。词义演变参照calling,召唤，使命感，职业。
职业;使命(voc+ation→[受到]召唤→有职业)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
n.职业;召唤;天命;天职;才能The vocation advocate found the word "vocal" and "reciprocal" not in the vocabulary.职业倡导者发现"嗓音的"和"交互的"两词不在词汇表中.
【区】vacation（n 假期；休假）
US [voʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of work that you feel you are suited to doing and to which you should give all your time and energy, or the feeling that a type of work suits you in this way （值得投入所有时间和精力的）职业，工作；（认为某种职业适合自己的）使命感
• I feel I've found/missed my true vocation. 我觉得找到／错过了真正适合自己的职业。
• "We need teachers who regard their profession as a vocation, not just a job," said the Minister. 部长说：“我们需要的老师要把他们的工作当成职业，而不仅仅是一份工作。”
• To work in medicine, you should have a vocation for it. 要从事医务工作，你就要有一种使命感。
work, vocation, occupation, employment, trade, profession, career, job
这组词都有“职业”的意思，其区别是：
work: 指任何种类的工作，也泛指职业。
vocation: 较正式用词，语气庄重，指长期从事，但不一定以此为主计的职业。
occupation: 泛指任何一种职业，既不分什么行业，也不管是脑力还是体力劳动。
employment: 指受雇于他人，领取工资以谋生计，有较固定工作的职业。
trade: 指需要有熟练技巧、技能和体力的职业。
profession: 以前常指要受过高等教育(尤指法律、医学和神学)才能获得的职业，现在一般指为谋生日的职业，尤指从事脑力劳动和受过专门训练，具有某种专业知识的职业。
career: 指经过专门训练，终身愿意从事的职业。
job: 通常指一切有收入，不分脑力与体力运动，不论是否有技艺的长期或临时的职业。
n. [劳经] 职业；天职；天命；神召
 - profession, employment, career, calling, pursuit, occupation

Word: bullshit
Front: bullshit
[ˈbʊlʃɪt] (9910/19060)
Back: n. 胡说
vt. & vi. 胡说，哄骗
时态：bullshitted, bullshitting, bullshits
分布：胡说(100%)
['bʊl.ʃɪt] offensive
exclamation noun uncountable
■complete nonsense or something that is not true 胡说，屁话
• Bullshit! He never said that! 胡说！他从来没有那样说过！
• He gave me some excuse but it was a load of bullshit. 他跟我说了些理由，可那都是胡说八道。
['bʊl.ʃɪt] offensive
verb intransitive or transitive (-tt-)
■to try to persuade someone or make them admire you by saying things that are not true 胡说；哄骗
• You're bullshitting me! 你在骗我！
• Quit bullshitting, will you! 你别胡说八道了！
n. 胡说
 - kibosh, bollocks

Word: pulpit
Front: pulpit
[ˈpʊlpɪt] (宝 9905/12123 -1)
Vocabulary: pulpit
(once / 543 pages)
n
If you go into a church and see a minister speaking from a high platform, he's speaking from the pulpit.
Pulpit was originally used to refer to the platform in a church that a preacher speaks from, but we often use it metaphorically for any kind of preaching, whether it's religious or not. If someone is trying to tell everyone else how to live, they're speaking from the pulpit, whether they're preaching the embrace of root vegetables or warning us that we will be attacked by aliens.
WORD FAMILY
pulpit: pulpits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final days are Obama’s last chance to define his presidency before he loses the bully pulpit and cedes his legacy to historians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These officials should use the bully pulpit and negotiation skills to achieve fantastic outcomes for Washingtonians.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His bizarre ideas, already widely disseminated through his media platforms, now will enjoy access to the bully pulpit of the American presidency.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （教堂中的）讲坛，神职人员（教士牧师）; 高架操纵台; （捕鲸船的）标枪舌; 〈英俚〉飞机驾驶员座位
分布：讲道坛(100%)
→来自拉丁语pulpitum,讲经台，小讲坛，词源不详。可能来自ped,脚，词源同foot,pilot.字母d,l音变，比较pilot.
【记】pulp果酱，it他：他一边吃果酱一边在讲坛上传教。
noun countable
■a raised place in a church, with steps leading up to it, from which the priest speaks to the people during a religious ceremony 讲道坛
n. 讲道坛；高架操纵台；神职人员
 - clergy, priestess

Word: downplay
Front: downplay
[ˌdaʊnˈpleɪ] (宝 9908/33706 -1)
Vocabulary: downplay
(once / 8467 pages)
v
To downplay something is to act as if it's not very important. If you're trying to convince your friends to play poker with you, you might downplay the fact that you're an experienced and competitive player.
Politicians who depend on contributions from oil and gas companies tend to downplay the environmental effects of their products, and a boy who wants a trampoline for his birthday might downplay the possible dangers when he talks to his parents about it. Downplay is a relatively recent addition to the English language, dating from the late 1960s.
WORD FAMILY
downplay: downplayed, downplaying, downplays
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he downplayed his contribution to Shiffrin’s improvement in the discipline, which was underlined by her back-to-back GS wins last week.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her campaign, responding with the transparency, openness and candor for which it is famous, initially downplays the incident, saying that Clinton felt “overheated.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
I wanted a Cape Codder redux that downplayed the syrupy sweetness of the mixer while playing up its puckery side.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 贬低，轻视; 不予重视; 将…轻描淡写
时态：downplayed, downplaying, downplays
分布：低估(47%)，不予重视(40%)，对…轻描淡写(13%)
verb transitive
■to make something seem less important or less bad than it really is 对…轻描淡写；贬低；低估
• The government has been trying to downplay the crisis. 政府一直在尽力淡化此次危机的严重性。

Word: vineyard
Front: vineyard
[ˈvɪnjəd] (9897/9056 -2)
Vocabulary: vineyard
(once / 778 pages)
n
If you dream of one day growing grapes and making wine in the South of France, you hope to work at a vineyard, another name for a farm where wine grapes are grown.
The French tradition of wine making is what led English speakers to adopt a French term for "grape plantation," although in South Africa it is called a "wine farm." Around 1300, the Old English term wingeard was replaced with the word vineyard. The trickiest thing about the word is its pronunciation — the first syllable doesn't actually sound like "vine," but instead is pronounced "vin."
WORD FAMILY
vineyard: vineyards
USAGE EXAMPLES
The flock worked the vineyards by day, largely hidden from wine-tasting visitors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Lounging on beaches, hiking through vineyards and sampling some great wines await the adventurous traveler.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He is a seasonnaire for Jack Wills, working as brand ambassadors while living for the summer on Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket, in Massachusetts.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 葡萄园; 工作场所; 苦心经营的地方
分布：葡萄园(98%)，酿酒庄园(2%)
US [-jɚd] noun countable
■a piece of land on which vines (= plants which produce grapes) are grown 葡萄园
n. 葡萄园
 - domaine, grapery

Word: worldview
Front: worldview
['wɜ:ldvju:] (9934/43273)
Back: n. 看; 视力; 观点; 目的
分布：世界观(100%)
n. 世界观
 - world outlook, Weltanschauung

Word: connected
Front: connected
[kə'nektɪd] (9914/11998 -2)
Back: adj. 连接的，有关系的，有联系的; 连贯的; 有血统[婚姻]关系的
v. 连接( connect的过去式和过去分词)
分布：连接的(63%)，连贯的(21%)，相关的(13%)，动词connect的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
adjective
JOINED 连在一起的
■joined together 连在一起的；接通的
• The TV won't work if the aerial's not connected. 如果天线没接上，电视就看不了。
[kə'nek.tɪd] adjective
RELATED 联系
■related to someone or something 把…联系起来；由…联想到
• They're not blood relations, - they're only connected by marriage. 他们不是血亲——不过是姻亲而已。
• He was connected in some way with that fraud scandal a couple of years back. 他和几年前的那宗诈骗案有些牵连。
⇒ See also well-connected
adj. [数] [计] 连接的；有联系的；连贯的
 - linked, joint, consecutive
v. [计] 连接（connect的过去式）
 - joined

Word: obedience
Front: obedience
[ə'bi:dɪəns] (研六托 9926/7698)
Vocabulary: obedience
(once / 269 pages)
n
Obedience is behavior that's respectful and mindful of rules and laws. Parents, teachers, and cops all appreciate obedience.
If you have a dog, you might have taken it to obedience school. Trainers help teach dogs obedience — obeying commands and showing good behavior. For a dog, obedience consists of things like shaking and lying down on command, coming when called, and going to the bathroom outside. People demonstrate obedience when they follow the law, and kids show obedience when they obey their parents and teachers. Obedience is respectful.
WORD FAMILY
obedience: obediences+/disobedience: disobediences/ disobedient: disobedience, disobediently/ obedient: disobedient, obedience, obedientest, obediently
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after one of the trials for obedience, Ivan was getting noticeably worn.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Knights Templar want to force peace onto people through mental obedience, while the assassins are all about free will, violence and all.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
For at least a month, obedience to the new rules was not enforced.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 遵守; 顺从; 服从; （教会的）权威
分布：服从(75%)，顺从(25%)
n.服从,顺从She showed great obedience.她表现很顺从.
US [oʊ-] noun uncountable
■when people or animals do what they are told to do （人或动物的）服从，听话，驯服
• He demands unquestioning obedience from his soldiers. 他要求士兵们绝对服从。
n. 服从；顺从；遵守
 - keeping, submission

Word: tart
Front: tart
[tɑ:t] (宝 9921/10552 -1)
Vocabulary: tart
(once / 1358 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
A tart is small pie filled with fruit or custard, with no top crust, like the cherry tarts you bought at the bakery.
As an adjective, tart describes a sour taste, like lemon, or harsh words, like your friend's tart reply to a question that makes her mad. In the 19th century, tart was British slang for "pretty woman." Some believe it is a shortening of "sweetheart." But by the end of that century, tart described a prostitute, something many language scholars trace back to the tart that you get at the bakery.
WORD FAMILY
tart: tarter, tartest, tartlet, tartly, tartness, tarts+/tartlet: tartlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Slices of crisp-skinned duck breast lounged on a raft of grilled Belgian endive amid dollops of tart pomegranate curd.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Ground chicken with truffles, a dollop of black truffle mayonnaise, tart frisée salad, pickled onions — and shards of crispy chicken skin.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
There are still very sweet meads out there, but many others are reminiscent of a tart white wine.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 酸的，辛辣的; 尖刻的; 严厉的
n. 果馅饼; 轻佻的女人; 妓女; 小妞
vt. 将某人打扮得妖艳，将某物装饰得俗气
分布：酸的(42%)，果馅饼(25%)，刻薄的(18%)，尖酸的(15%)
→来自古法语 tarte, 甜馅饼， 来 自拉丁语 torta panis, 来自 torta, 旋转的， 扭 曲的， 词源同 torture,panis,面包，词源同 pantry.引申俚语义妓女，骚货。
【记】被tart的人流tear。
US [tɑ:rt] noun
FOOD 食品
countable or uncountable
■an open pastry case with a filling, usually of something sweet such as fruit 果馅饼
• apple/strawberry/custard tart 苹果／草莓／蛋奶馅饼
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] noun
WOMAN 女人
countable very informal disapproving
■a woman who intentionally wears the type of clothes and make-up that attract sexual attention in a way that is too obvious 妖艳的女人，放荡的女人
countable old-fashioned slang
■a female prostitute 妓女
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] adjective
SOUR 酸的
■(especially of fruit) tasting sour or acidic (= containing acid) （尤指水果）酸的
• You might need some sugar on the rhubarb - it's a bit tart. 大黄茎上可能要加点糖——这东西有点酸。
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] adjective
BEHAVIOUR 行为
■(especially of a way of speaking) quick or sharp and unpleasant （尤指说话方式）尖刻的，刻薄的
• a tart remark/comment/reply 刻薄的话／评论／回答
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] tart yourself up UK informal disapproving or humorous
■to try to make yourself look more attractive by putting on make-up, jewellery and fashionable clothes 打扮得妖艳俗丽，打扮得花枝招展
• She's still in the bathroom, tarting herself up. 她还在化妆室里梳洗打扮呢。
UK [tɑ:t] US [tɑ:rt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tart sth up UK informal often disapproving
■to make something look more attractive or decorative, usually by making very quick or very obvious changes 把…装点一新；（通常指）把…草草装饰一番
• He made his money by tarting up slum houses and selling them at a huge profit. 他赚钱的方法是将破旧的房子装点一下，再转手牟取暴利。
adj. 酸的；锋利的；尖刻的
 - acid, sharp, cutting, bitter
n. 果馅饼；妓女
 - sporting woman, hetaerae
vt. 打扮
 - dress oneself, array

Word: endow
Front: endow
[ɪnˈdaʊ] (研六托雅宝 9907/8684 -1)
Vocabulary: endow
(once / 328 pages)
v
To endow is to furnish, but not with furniture. If you've been endowed with something, it means you've been given a gift — most likely a gift that can't be returned or exchanged, like a sense of humor or athletic ability or trust.
We usually use endow to refer to an ability or a quality, but you can endow someone with money, too. Endow is related to the word dowry, which is a gift that a man -– or sometimes a woman -– receives from his or her fiancé’s family before the wedding. The practice of giving dowries has fallen out of fashion in most Western countries, but there are still many parts of the world where it's common for the bride's family to provide the groom with an endowment of land and livestock.
WORD FAMILY
endow: endowed, endowing, endowment, endows+/ endowed: unendowed/ endowment: endowments
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would also be unpleasant to discuss whether he is eminently endowed with anything.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s named for steel magnate Andrew Carnegie, who endowed the fund after being inspired by stories of mining disaster rescues.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Syracuse University is establishing the Pearl Washington Endowed Fund for Continuing Education and set a $1 million endowment goal.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 捐赠，资助; 赋予，赐予
时态：endowed, endowing, endows
分布：赋予(90%)，捐助(8%)，使具有某种品质(2%)
→en-, 进入，使。-dow, 给予，词源同donate, dowry.
vt.资助,捐赠;(with)给予,赋予The rich alumnus endowed the college with half of his fortune.这富有的校友把一半财产捐赠给了这个大学.
【源】原指寡妇得到的亡夫的产业
【反】divest（v 剥夺）
verb transitive
■to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it 向（院校、医院等）捐款，捐赠，资助
• The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry. 密西根州已经向三所研究所提供资助进行产业研究。
• This hospital was endowed by the citizens of Strasbourg in the 16th century. 这所医院是16世纪斯特拉斯堡市民捐建的。
[ɪn'daʊ] verb transitive
be endowed with sth
■to have a particular quality or feature 天生具备，生来具有（某种特性或品质）
• Some lucky people are endowed with both brains and beauty. 一些幸运之人生来就智慧和美貌并存。
• Sardinia is generously endowed with prehistoric sites. 撒丁岛上有很多史前遗址。
⇒ See also well-endowed
confer, present, endow, grant, give, award, accord, bestow
这组词都有“给予，赠给”的意思，其区别是：
confer: 通常指授予称号或学位等。
present: 指正式地给予或授予，通常伴有仪式进行。
endow: 指捐赠大量的钱作基金，也可指给予非物质的东西。
grant: 多指出于慷慨、怜悯或正义感而给予，并且通常是在被请求下给予。
give: 最普通用词，泛指将自己的东西给予他人，所给予的东西，物质或非物质的均可。
award: 通常暗示所给予的东西是接受者应得的，而且给予者往往是具有裁判权力的。
accord: 侧重所给予的是应得的或是恰当的，或是因某种原因而适于接受的。
bestow: 正式用词，指把某物作为礼物赠送于某人，也可作引申用。
vt. 赋予；捐赠；天生具有
 - gift, put

Word: equitable
Front: equitable
[ˈekwɪtəbl] (托雅 9927/8215 -1)
Vocabulary: equitable
(once / 1957 pages)
adj
Equitable distribution means everyone gets their fair share of something.If you work on a group project in class, you want an equitable share of the credit.
When you look at equitable, you might think you see the word, equal, but it doesn't mean fair in the sense of exactly the same. If you worked ten hours at a lemonade stand and your friend worked five, you'd want an equitable share of the profits rather than an equal share. Equitable would take into account the amount of work you did, equal would not.
WORD FAMILY
equitable: equitably, inequitable+/inequitable: inequitably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit over school funding looks at two main questions- whether the funding is equitable and whether it is adequate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Until the barrier of transportation is cleared for all students, the school voucher system is not equitable, as it discriminates against those without transportation.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In our state, a free, ample and equitable education is a birthright, a civil right and our state’s paramount duty.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 公正的，公平的; 平衡法的; 义; 合理
分布：公平的(67%)，公正的(33%)
公正的,正当的(equity公正+able能...的)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
US [-tˌə-] formal
adjective
■fair and reasonable; treating everyone in the same way 公平合理的；公正的
• an equitable tax system 合理的税收制度
adj. 公平的，公正的；平衡法的
 - judicial, fair, just, impartial

Word: self-efficacy
Front: self-efficacy
['self'efɪkəsɪ] None
Back: 自我效能
分布：自我效能(100%)

Word: logistics
Front: logistics
[ləˈdʒɪstɪks] (六宝 9920/15076)
Vocabulary: logistics
(once / 3528 pages)
n
When you sit down to plan a party and work out how many cups you need, where you'll put the chairs, and what time you'll start cooking, you are working out the logistics — the necessary details.
Logistics can describe difficult, technical operations. Many colleges have departments of logistics, which teach students how to plan for complicated events, like wars. The term is often used in military contexts to describe how to get soldiers to a certain place with enough food, toilet paper, guns, ammunition, and transportation. You'll often hear logistics used in regular speech to describe any effort that requires some prior planning — even if it's just the logistics of picking someone up at the airport.
WORD FAMILY
logistics: logistic, logistical +/ logistic: logistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The monthly purchasing managers’ index by the Chinese Federation of Logistics and Purchasing was 51.4 in December, the second highest level of 2016.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Aside from the logistics, the hardest thing is balancing the children’s different needs.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet Uzbekistan occupies a strategic location in Central Asia and on an important logistics supply route for troops in Afghanistan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 后勤; 逻辑学; 物流; 组织工作
分布：物流(97%)，后勤学(2%)，运筹学(1%)
→来自法语l’art logistique,安营扎寨的艺术，词源同lodge,安顿，小屋，-ics,学说。原指军队车马粮草的安排，即现代意义上的后勤，物流。部分学者认为来自希腊语logos,说，辩理，安排，词源同logic.
后勤学(log词语,逻辑+ist+ice...逻辑地安排事务...后勤)[-ics表名词、,"学科,学术"]
【记】源于：logic，研究物资的逻辑关系－后勤学。
plural noun
■the careful organization of a complicated activity so that it happens in a successful and effective way 后勤；后勤学
• We need to look at the logistics of the whole aid operation. 我们需要审视整个援助行动的后勤保障工作。
n. [军] 后勤；后勤学
 - office support

Word: flinch
Front: flinch
[flɪntʃ] (宝 9904/10783 -1)
Vocabulary: flinch
(once / 1128 pages)
vn
To flinch is to react to pain by wincing, pulling away, or cringing. Often it's used to describe a person who shows a moment of weakness or fright: he was so tough, I thought he'd never flinch, but snakes really freak him out.
To flinch is to pull away suddenly or recoil when something frightens or hurts you. People flinch at different things. Needles, for example, cause some people to flinch, while they're not even noticed by others. If you can withstand something awful without showing it, you're likely to hear someone say "Wow! You didn't even flinch!" Think of it as a combination of flee and pinch. If you don't flee when you get pinched, you don't flinch.
WORD FAMILY
flinch: flinched, flinches, flinching+/flinching: unflinching/unflinching: unflinchingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After she was elected in September, Ms James kissed Mr Farage on stage, with photographs seeming to show her flinching.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Our neighbor in Medina is an avid reader, and he doesn’t flinch from a challenging book.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But we must not flinch from putting our trade at the centre of stories of institutional failure either.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 退缩; 畏惧
时态：flinched, flinching, flinches
分布：退缩(57%)，畏缩(28%)，逃避(9%)，畏首畏尾(6%)
→来自kleng, 弯，转，词源同link, incline. 引申词义逃避，畏缩。
【记】fl＝fly，inch（n 英寸）－一寸寸向后飞－退缩
【区】filch（vt 偷窃不贵重的东西）；filth（n 污秽物）；finch（n 雀类）
verb intransitive
■to make a sudden small movement because of pain or fear （因疼痛或恐惧）猛地一颤，畏缩，退缩
• He didn't even flinch when the nurse cleaned the wound. 护士清洗伤口的时候，他都一点也没畏缩。
[flɪntʃ] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flinch from sth/doing sth
■to avoid doing something that you consider unpleasant or painful 逃避（不快或痛苦的事）
• We must not flinch from difficult decisions. 面对困难的抉择我们千万不能逃避。
vi. 退缩；畏惧
 - cower, shy away from
n. 退缩；畏惧
 - boggle

Word: photon
Front: photon
[ˈfəʊtɒn] (9947/17697 -1)
Back: n. <物>光子，光量子
分布：光子(96%)，光量子(4%)
→phot-,光，-on,子，词源同ion,electron.
光子(photo光＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['foʊ.tɑ:n] specialized
noun countable
■a single unit of light 光子，光量子

Word: steam
Front: steam
[sti:m] (高研四六托雅 4139/2756 -K3)
Back: n. 蒸汽，雾; 〈口〉精神，精力; 轮船，乘轮船旅行
vt. & vi. 冒蒸汽; 快速行走，疾行
vi. 动力; 成蒸汽上升; 汽动; [非正式]发怒
vt. 蒸煮
时态：steamed, steaming, steams
分布：蒸(55%)，蒸汽(41%)，水汽(2%)，轮船(1%)，蒸汽动力(1%)
→来自古英语 steam,蒸汽，水气，来自 Proto-Germanic*staumaz,蒸汽，水气，可能与 stew 有词 源上的联系。
n.水汽,蒸汽,水蒸气v.蒸发;蒸;用蒸汽开动The football team stopped the steam stream with beams.足球队用横杆堵住了蒸汽流.
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the hot gas that is produced when water boils 蒸汽，水蒸气
• Steam rose from the simmering stew. 火上的炖肉咕嘟咕嘟冒着热气。
• steam turbines 蒸汽涡轮机
• a steam engine/locomotive 蒸汽机／火车头
• the age of steam (= the period when steam provided power for railways and factories) 蒸汽时代
• The pump is driven by steam. 这个泵是由蒸汽驱动的。
[sti:m] noun uncountable
get/pick up steam
■to start working much more effectively 加速；加大马力
• After the first three months, the fundraising project really started to pick up steam. 最初的三个月后，筹款活动开始变得如火如荼。
[sti:m] noun uncountable
let/blow off steam
■to do or say something that helps you to get rid of strong feelings or energy 发泄怒气；宣泄感情；释放精力
• He lifts weights after work to let off steam. 他下班后练举重来宣泄精力。
[sti:m] noun uncountable
under your own steam
■If you do something under your own steam, you do it without help 靠自己的力量；独力
• Do you want a lift or will you get there under your own steam? 你要不要搭个便车，还是你自己去？
[sti:m] verb
intransitive
■to move by steam power 依靠蒸汽动力行驶
• The train/ship steamed out of the station/harbour. 火车／汽船喷着蒸汽驶出了车站／港口。
transitive
■to cook food using steam 蒸（食物）
• steamed vegetables 蒸蔬菜
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to use steam to soften something, especially glue so that something can be removed 用蒸汽软化（尤指胶水）
• Ross steamed open the envelope to see if it was a love letter. 罗斯用蒸汽软化胶水打开信封，想看看是不是情书。
[sti:m] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] steam (sth) up
■If glass or something with a glass or similar surface steams up, it becomes covered with a thin layer of water caused by steam touching it, and if you steam it up, you cause this to happen （使）蒙上水气
• The bathroom mirror steamed up during my shower. 我淋浴的时候，浴室的镜子蒙上了水气。
• Going into the warm room steamed my glasses up. 走进暖和的房间，我的眼镜蒙上了一层雾气。
steamed up
■angry, especially about something that other people do not think is important （尤指为琐事）非常恼火的，愤怒的
• She got all steamed up about the books being left on the tables. 她看到那些书都摊在桌子上，大为光火。
vapour, steam
这组词都有“蒸汽”的意思，其区别是：
vapour: 与steam常可换用，多用于科体文章中，指临界温度下气态的物质。
steam: 通常指作为动力的蒸汽或水沸腾后产生的蒸汽或水汽。
vt. 蒸，散发；用蒸汽处理
 - shed
n. 蒸汽；精力
 - energy, vigor, vapor

Word: utilization
Front: utilization
[ˌju:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (六托 9879/23454)
Vocabulary: utilization
(once / 7938 pages)
n
Utilization is a fancy way of saying "use." A team's utilization of a gym for practices might need to continue until it stops raining.
You can see the verb utilize in utilization. When you utilize something, you use it, whether it is a tool, like when you utilize a pen to write something down, or a skill or talent, like the speed you utilize when you run a race. So utilization is the act of using, like the utilization of your voice that enables you to sing a song.
WORD FAMILY
utilization: overutilization, utilizations+/ utilize: utilizable, utilization, utilized, utilizer, utilizes, utilizing/utilizer: utilizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
U.S. factory capacity utilization was about 75% in November, the Federal Reserve said, compared with an average of 79% over the last four decades.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
It is true that factory utilization is still a bit below its historical average, but you would expect that in a de-industrializing economy.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Of particular concern here: High “utilization” of your available credit.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 利用，使用，效用
分布：利用(100%)
VERB
利用；使用
If you utilize something, you use it.
例：Sound engineers utilize a range of techniques to enhance the quality of the recordings...音响师运用一系列技术来提高录音质量。
例：Minerals can be absorbed and utilized by the body in a variety of different forms.人体可通过很多不同形式吸收和利用矿物质。
n. 利用，使用
 - employment, usage, exploitation, use

Word: disseminate
Front: disseminate
[dɪˈsemɪneɪt] (托宝 9930/11986 -1)
Vocabulary: disseminate
(once / 2231 pages)
v
Disseminate means to spread information, knowledge, opinions widely. Semin- derives from the Latin word for seed; the idea with disseminate is that information travels like seeds sown by a farmer.
Think about a teacher distributing a hand out at the beginning of a class. The dis- of disseminate and distribute come from the same Latin prefix which means "apart, in a different direction." But unlike papers distributed in class, information, once spread around in all directions, cannot be pulled back in. Think about false rumors or political smear campaigns and you'll understand that dissemination is usually a one-way process.
WORD FAMILY
disseminate: disseminated, disseminates, disseminating, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator+/ dissemination: disseminations/disseminator: disseminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
His bizarre ideas, already widely disseminated through his media platforms, now will enjoy access to the bully pulpit of the American presidency.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Starting Sunday, the emergency response system that disseminates information about missing children will only be used for child abductions.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Is the organization building shelters, or providing micro-loans, or disseminating health information?
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 散布，传播
时态：disseminated, disseminating, disseminates
分布：宣传(73%)，散播(19%)，公开(8%)
散布,传播(dis+semin种子＋ate→散布(种子))[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
散布,播种(dis分开+semin+ate→把种子散开→播种)[semin=vseed,表示"种子"]
【记】dis向四面八方，semin种子，精子－散布
【参】seminal（adj 种子的；精液的）
【反】garner（v 储存）；nucleate（v 使成核）
[dɪ'sem.ɪ.neɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people 散布，传播，宣传
• One of the organization's aims is to disseminate information about the disease. 该组织的宗旨之一就是宣传关于这种疾病的知识。
vt. 宣传，传播；散布
 - distribute, publicize, transmit
vi. 散布；广为传播
 - shed, put about

Word: acknowledgment
Front: acknowledgment
[ək'nɒlɪdʒmənt] (9911/19902)
Vocabulary: acknowledgment
(once / 772 pages)
n
When you recognize or admit the truth of something, you make an acknowledgment. Your grumpy friend who never gets enough sleep? He needs to make an acknowledgment of what his late nights are doing to his mood.
Other kinds of acknowledgments give credit where it's due. Research papers that quote other people's words or ideas contain acknowledgments that name the source. Publicly thanking someone is another kind of acknowledgment. Award winners at the Oscars and other ceremonies often rattle off a big list of names, acknowledgement for their contribution to the winner's success.
WORD FAMILY
acknowledgment: acknowledgments+/ acknowledge: acknowledgeable, acknowledged, acknowledgement, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgment /acknowledged: acknowledgedly, unacknowledged/ acknowledgement: acknowledgements
USAGE EXAMPLES
And also an acknowledgment of Carrie Fisher’s own undeniable status as a matriarch.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It’s an acknowledgment of disparity in how, using the same criteria, women rank considerably lower.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Third, no acknowledgment that discrimination on the basis of religion is wrong.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 承认，承认书，感谢
分布：承认(76%)，感谢(18%)，收件复函(3%)，=acknowledgement.(3%)
US [-'nɑ:.lɪdʒ-] noun
countable or uncountable
■accepting that something is true or right 承认
• All I want is some acknowledgement that his behaviour is unreasonable. 我只要你们承认他的行为是无理取闹就好。
■something given to thank someone for what they have done 答谢的表示，谢礼
• We sent her a copy of the book in acknowledgment of her part in its creation. 我们寄给她一本书以感谢她为这本书的问世所做的贡献。
■a letter or email to say that something has been received 收件覆函，确认收悉
• I applied for four jobs, but I've only had one acknowledgment so far. 我申请了四份工作，可到现在只收到一封告知收悉的回信。
n. 感谢；承认；承认书
 - recognition, appreciation, thank

Word: witty
Front: witty
[ˈwɪti] (六托 9923/9910 -2)
Vocabulary: witty
(once / 762 pages)
adj
A witty remark is clever and funny and timed just right. When you make such a remark, you are also considered to be witty.
The adjective witty can be used to describe those quick little funny remarks that often demonstrate a sharp, biting humor delivered in a playful manner. Witty usually describes things that are off-the-cuff amusing, rather than remarks that are elaborate or carefully planned in advance. This adjective is usually used in a complimentary way, but, like its cousin clever, it can be used sarcastically, as when someone who doesn't appreciate your one-liners says, "Well, aren't we witty today."
WORD FAMILY
witty: wittier, wittiest, wittily, wittiness+/ wit: witless, wits, witticism, witty / witless: witlessly/ witticism: witticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is bright and witty and I couldn’t be more proud of him.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She definitely thinks I’m a very funny and witty guy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams is famous for her short stories, which are full of strange, witty, fabulous, and often eccentric turns of phrase.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 诙谐的; 机智的; 会说俏皮话的; 聪明的
级别：wittier, wittiest
分布：诙谐的(58%)，机智的(42%)
US ['wɪtˌ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■using words in a clever and funny way 风趣的，诙谐的
• a witty comment/remark 风趣的评论／话语
• He was witty and very charming. 他既风趣又很有魅力。
comic, witty, funny, humorous
这组词都有“使人高兴的，令人发笑的”的意思，其区别是：
comic: 指像喜剧一样滑稽可笑。
witty: 强调机智而饶有风趣。
funny: 非正式用词，通常侧重因古怪、奇特或不合适宜的举动等引起的发笑。
humorous: 指富有幽默感、诙谐、引人发笑的。
adj. 诙谐的；富于机智的
 - humorous, jocose

Word: racket
Front: racket
[ˈrækɪt] (研四六雅 9912/8857 -1)
Vocabulary: racket
(once / 1264 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If you're carrying a racket and wearing a sporty visor, people will guess that you're on your way to play tennis. A racket has a handle and a rounded frame laced with strings, and it's used to hit a ball.
A racket is used to play tennis, badminton, or squash, and it can also be spelled racquet. Another definition of racket is an unpleasantly loud noise; if your neighbors were playing horrible, loud music, you could yell out the window, "Stop that racket!" Informally, the word racket also means "illegal scheme," especially for making money. The French word requette means "palm of the hand," and racquet originally referred to a tennis-like game played by hitting a ball with the hand.
WORD FAMILY
racket: racketed, racketeer, racketing, rackets, racketted, racketting, rackety+/ racketeer: racketeered, racketeering, racketeers/rackety: racketiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a game ended on Cousins’s racket again, and he didn’t finish off the moment.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Militants ran protection rackets, and local government corruption was rampant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It will likely increasingly fall back on other methods like kidnapping for ransom and running protection rackets, the officials said.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （网球等）球拍; 〈美俚〉勒索金钱，讹诈，敲诈，骗局; （四周有围墙的）拍打回力网球，硬壁回力球; 喧骚，吵闹，嚷闹，扰嚷，喧骚嘈杂的集会，狂欢
v. 嚷闹，吵闹，纵情欢闹; 用球拍打
分布：球拍(81%)，喧闹(11%)，花天酒地(3%)，敲诈(3%)，职业(2%)
→拟声词，模仿叽叽喳喳的声音，并由此引申词义混水摸鱼，放烟雾弹，诈骗等。
n.球拍,喧闹vi.喧闹vt.用球拍打I packed the jackets and rackets into packets with the sacks.我们用袋子将夹克和球拍打成小包.
noun
SPORT 体育
 ADVANCED (also racquet) countable
■a net fixed tightly to an oval frame with a long handle, used in various sports for hitting a ball 球拍
• a tennis/squash/badminton racket 网球／壁球／羽毛球球拍
['ræk.ɪt] noun
NOISE 噪音
only singular informal
■an unpleasant loud continuous noise 喧哗；吵闹声；连续不断的喧嚷
• They were making such a racket outside that I couldn't get to sleep. 他们一直在外面大吵大闹，弄得我根本睡不着。
['ræk.ɪt] noun
CRIME 犯罪
countable usually singular informal
■a dishonest or illegal activity that makes money 勒索；诈骗；敲诈
• They were jailed for running a protection/prostitution racket. 他们因为勒索保护费／做拉皮条的勾当而被监禁。
⇒ See also protection
countable usually singular disapproving
■a way of making a large unfair profit 诈骗行为；暴利行为
• Telephone chat lines are a real racket. 电话聊天热线纯属暴利行为。
n. 球拍；吵闹，喧闹
 - row, sound

Word: rounded
Front: rounded
[ˈraʊndɪd] (托 9917/7760 -K1)
Back: adj. 圆形的; 丰满的; 全面的; [语]圆唇的
vi. &vt. round的过去式和过去分词
分布：圆形的(60%)，全面的(35%)，动词round的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
adjective
■round or curved 圆形的；弧形的
• The little boy stared at the pregnant woman's rounded belly. 小男孩盯着那个孕妇滚圆的大肚子看。
adj. 圆形的；全面的；丰满的
 - circular, fat, full

Word: favored
Front: favored
['feɪvəd] (托 9922/-)
Back: adj. 受到优待的; 有天赋的; 受优惠的; 有利的
v. 支持( favor的过去式和过去分词 ); 赞成; 照顾; 促成
分布：喜欢的(36%)，受到优待的(32%)，赋予特殊条件的(8%)，样貌特殊的(8%)，=favored.(8%)，动词favor的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
adj. 有利的；受到优待的；受到喜爱的
 - beneficial, advantageous
v. 赞成；宠爱；帮助（favor的过去分词）；给…以恩惠
 - helped, handed

Word: hide
Front: hide
[haɪd] (中高研四六托宝 1255/1486 -K3)
Vocabulary: hide
(once / 47 pages)
1v 2nv
You can hide your feelings or you can hide your mom’s birthday present. You can even hide yourself if you need to avoid someone. Whatever it is, when you hide something, you put it out of sight.
Hide can mean that you keep something secret, like the way you really feel about your dad’s meatloaf. You can also hide something physical. If you spill juice on your white sofa, you can hide the stain with a pillow. Sometimes people hide also — that means the person stays out of sight. A bankrobber will hide from the police, or you might hide from your mom to avoid doing the dishes.
WORD FAMILY
hide: hid, hidden, hides, hiding+/ hidden: hiddenest, hiddenly, hiddenness/hiding: hidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another columnist the same month asked whether Gülenists might be hiding “in churches.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Separately, a young African man was found hidden in a woman's suitcase.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
She hides her scars and walks as if nothing happened.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 隐藏; 躲避，隐匿，躲藏; 遮蔽，覆盖
vi. 隐瞒; 遮住; 遮挡; 掩盖
n. 兽皮; <口>生命; <口>人的皮肤; （观看野生动物的）隐蔽处
时态：hid, hidden, hiding, hides
分布：藏(84%)，隐瞒(11%)，兽皮(3%)，鞭打(1%)，遮避(1%)
→来自skeu,隐藏，遮盖，词源同house,cuticle,sky.引申词义兽皮。
v.隐藏,躲藏;隐瞒n.皮革,兽皮The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.
verb (hid, hidden)
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to put something or someone in a place where they cannot be seen or found, or to put yourself somewhere where you cannot be seen or found 把…藏起来；躲藏
• She used to hide her diary under her pillow. 她过去常把自己的日记藏在枕头下。
• A kilo of heroin was found hidden inside the lining of the suitcase. 在那个手提箱的内衬里发现藏有一公斤海洛因。
• I like wearing sunglasses - I feel I can hide behind them. 我喜欢戴太阳眼镜——我觉得我可以躲在镜片后面。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to prevent something from being seen 遮掩，遮盖
• He tries to hide his bald patch by sweeping his hair over to one side. 他试图把头发梳向一边来掩盖他头顶上的秃块。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to not show an emotion 掩饰（情感）
• She tried to hide her disappointment at not getting the promotion. 她试图掩饰自己对没有得到擢升的失望。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■If you hide information from someone, you do not allow that person to know it 隐瞒（消息）
• I feel sure there's something about her past that she's trying to hide from me. 我确信她想对我隐瞒她的某些过去。
[haɪd] verb (hid, hidden)
Don't hide your light under a bushel. saying
■said to advise someone not to keep their good qualities and abilities secret from other people 不要深藏不露；不要总是隐而不显
[haɪd] noun
SKIN 皮
countable or uncountable
■the strong thick skin of an animal which is used for making leather （用于制作皮革的）兽皮
[haɪd] noun
FOR WATCHING BIRDS/ANIMALS 观察鸟类／野兽
countable UK (US blind)
■a place where people can watch wild animals or birds without being noticed by them （可以观察野兽或鸟类的）隐藏处，躲藏处
hide, fur, peel, leather, skin
这组词都有“皮，皮肤”的意思，其区别是：
hide: 多指大型动物的厚皮，也指没有鞣的牛、马等皮革。
fur: 现多指猫、兔等动物软毛皮，也指其它动物的毛皮。
peel: 指剩下的或可以剥去的果皮或蔬菜皮。
leather: 通常指经过加工的熟皮，可用于制作各种皮革制品。
skin: 最常用词，指人的皮肤或动物的皮，也可指水果、植物和种子等的外皮。
deceive, cheat, hide, conceal
deceive: 不告诉实情
cheat: 不诚实手段获取个人利益；
hide: 不含故意的意思；
conceal: 故意隐藏；
screen, hide, conceal
这组词都有“隐藏，隐蔽”的意思，其区别是：
screen: 指把处于被发现的人或物掩盖起来，使其不被发现。
hide: 普通用词，既可指有意地隐藏，又可指无意或偶然地藏匿。
conceal: 正式用词，多强调有目的、有意识，巧妙地进行隐藏或隐瞒。
vt. 隐藏；隐瞒；鞭打
 - lock, pocket, conceal
vi. 隐藏
 - bottle up, keep in
n. 躲藏；兽皮；躲藏处
 - fell, jook

Word: waterfront
Front: waterfront
[ˈwɔ:təfrʌnt] (9915/16297 -1)
Back: n. 海滨，江边; 装在火炉前部的热水缸
分布：滨水区(78%)，水边地(22%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■a part of a town which is next to an area of water such as a river or the sea （城镇的）滨水区，水边地
• She owns a popular tourist restaurant on the town's waterfront. 她在该镇的滨水区有一家颇受欢迎的旅游餐馆。
n. 滩，海滨；水边
 - shore, oceanfront

Word: anyhow
Front: anyhow
[ˈenihaʊ] (高研四雅 9909/9090 -1)
Vocabulary: anyhow
(once / 297 pages)
1adv 2adv
Use the adverb anyhow to emphasize or support something you've just said. You might say, "I'm not going to bother studying those dates for history class — they're not going to be on the test anyhow."
The word anyhow is usually just another way to say anyway. You could say, for example, "I won't be going for a run today, not if it's as hot as yesterday anyhow." Another way to use anyhow is to mean "in a haphazard way" or "randomly." Your mom might complain that people just toss things in the fridge anyhow. The word has been used in American English since the mid-1700s.
WORD FAMILY
anyhow: anyhows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anyhow, why should the players be held accountable when the padrones who recruited them aren’t?
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Indeed, what is modern art but a march of signs—shocks of the new—that point to better or anyhow different futures?
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Seems that way, anyhow, until you widen the lens.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 总之; 无论如何; 不管怎样; 随随便便
分布：无论如何(55%)，不管怎样(45%)
ad.不管怎么说,无论如何;不论用何种方法It may snow, but anyhow I will go shopping.可能要下雪,但我无论如何要去购物.
adverb
ANYWAY 无论如何
■ anyway
['en.i.haʊ] adverb
WITHOUT CARE 随便 (informal also any old how)
■without care or interest; in an untidy way 随随便便地；杂乱无章地
• He looked a complete mess - dressed anyhow with hair sticking up on end. 他那样子邋遢透顶，衣衫不整，头发翘着。
adv. 总之；无论如何；不管怎样
 - anyway, however

Word: injunction
Front: injunction
[ɪnˈdʒʌŋkʃn] (宝 9935/5765 -1)
Vocabulary: injunction
(once / 813 pages)
n
If your school begins building a swimming pool on land that does not belong to it, the city might issue an injunction to stop it. An injunction is an official order issued by a judge.
In general injunctions are court ordered settlements or commands. In the United States, judges cannot create laws, but they can require someone to do something or to stop doing something. If you were wrongly fired from a job, a court may issue an injunction to your former employer, requiring him or her to hire you back or pay your back salary.
WORD FAMILY
injunction: injunctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge recently issued a preliminary injunction temporarily preventing the state from enforcing the law against the clinics that sued, according to the Chicago Tribune.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Thirteen states signed on to fight that directive, including three involved in the latest lawsuit, and won a temporary injunction in August from U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Texas is set to cut off Planned Parenthood as early as 21 January, unless Sparks grants an injunction.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 命令，禁令，强制令
分布：禁令(75%)，命令(19%)，指令(6%)
→in-,进入，使，-junct,连接，插入，词源同join,junction.引申词义嘱咐，命令，后用于指法院禁制令。比较enjoin.
命令,禁止(in不+junction→不让连接→禁止令)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】in不，junction（n 连接；汇合处）：没有和法律接轨，所以要实行禁止令。
【参】enjoin（vt 吩咐；命令；嘱咐）
noun countable
■an official order given by a court of law, usually to stop someone from doing something 禁令
• [+ to infinitive] The court has issued an injunction to prevent the airline from increasing its prices. 法院颁布禁令不准航空公司加价。
• [+ -ing verb] She is seeking an injunction banning the newspaper from publishing the photographs. 她正在争取获得禁令，禁止报纸刊登这些照片。
n. [管理] 禁令；命令；劝告
 - instruction, advice, bidding, ban, word

Word: fret
Front: fret
[fret] (六托雅宝 9929/11926 -1)
Vocabulary: fret
(once / 470 pages)
1vn 2nv 3nv 4v 5vn
When you fret, you worry so much about something that it eats away at you. Many people fret about taking standardized tests, but really, they're nothing to sweat.
Fret comes from the Old English word freton which means to devour like an animal. When you fret over something, it consumes your thoughts. If you tell your mother to not fret about you while you're at a sleepover camp, you're telling her to not worry about you too much. Sometimes it means to be agitated though. When you're waiting for the results of an exam, you might fret and wring your hands. In a totally unrelated meaning, a guitar player calls the raised lines on the neck of the guitar that help him play correctly frets.
WORD FAMILY
fret: fretful, frets, fretted, fretting+/ fretful: fretfully, fretfulness/fretfulness: fretfulnesss/fretted: unfretted
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Egypt it fretted over the toppling of Hosni Mubarak and welcomed his eventual replacement by another pro-American military dictator.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Sing of the two friends, both women, who fretted that their upcoming nuptials might be controversial: because, they explained, they didn’t like cake!
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
As a septuagenarian, she fretted over her chances of being hired anywhere.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. [建筑]回纹饰，状饰物; 烦躁，烦恼; 腐蚀处，磨损处; 弓上木头的毛病
v. 磨损，腐蚀; 焦急; 使烦恼; 用回纹装饰
vi. 烦恼; 磨损; 焦急
时态：fretted, fretting, frets
分布：烦躁(33%)，焦急(25%)，侵蚀(21%)，磨损(18%)，音柱(3%)
→来自Proto-Germonic*fra-etan, 吞噬，吃尽，*fra-, 完全的，词源同per-, *etan, 吃，词源同eat. 用来指魔鬼或维京海盗，后用于心理含义，指焦虑紧张等。fret 回纹饰
【记】fr＝free，et小－飞来一只小苍蝇fret你－（使）烦躁，担心
【参】fretful（adj 烦燥的；焦躁的）＝peevish
verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to be nervous or worried 烦躁不安，苦恼，发愁
• Don't fret - I'm sure he's OK. 别发愁——他肯定没事。
• She spent the day fretting about/over what she'd said to Nicky. 她为对尼基说的话而担心了一整天。
[fret] noun countable
■any of the small raised metal bars across the long thin part of a stringed musical instrument such as a guitar, that show you where to put your fingers on the strings in order to produce different notes （吉他等弦乐器指板上定音的）品
fret, care, brood, worry
这组词都有“烦恼、担忧”的意思，其区别是：
fret: 通常指因悲哀、焦虑或忧愁等所困扰的心理状态。
care: 多指极强烈的关心和忧虑。常带纯客观的意味。
brood: 语气比worry强，多指沉思、沮丧或忧郁。
worry: 普通用词，着重使人焦虑、烦恼或深深不安。
vt. 使烦恼；焦急；使磨损
 - trouble, irk
vi. 烦恼；焦急；磨损
 - trouble, worry
n. 烦躁；焦急；磨损
 - anxiousness, wear and tear

Word: moss
Front: moss
[mɒs] (研六托 8708/8864 -1)
Vocabulary: moss
(once / 385 pages)
n
Moss is a small green plant that grows, carpet-like, across moist, shady areas. If you see a green furry rock as you hike in a forest, chances are that's moss.
Moss forms mats and clumps in wooded spots, and it's unusual in the plant world for several reasons, including the fact that it has no seeds and no real roots. It reproduces through spores and absorbs water through its tiny leaves. Long ago, people used moss to insulate dwellings, but today it's primarily used in gardens. The Old English root is meos, closely related to mos, "bog," which is a damp area where moss might grow.
WORD FAMILY
moss: mosses, mossy
USAGE EXAMPLES
I got to see George a little bit more after that because Kate Moss was neighbors with him.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rachael Moss, a bereavement support midwife at Northampton General Hospital, said the little cots are a lifeline.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
It's harder to find anyone picking the Huskies than it is finding moss the southern side of stump.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 苔藓; 藓沼; 莫斯（男子名）; 泥炭沼
vt. 以苔藓覆盖; 使长满苔藓
abbr. [宇](=manned orbital space station)载人轨道航天站
分布：苔藓(91%)，泥沼(5%)，使长满苔藓(4%)
→来自古英语mos,沼泽，泥沼，来自meus,湿气，水气，词源同moist,must.引申词义苔藓，地衣。
n.苔,藓,地衣Irish moss (=sea moss)爱尔兰藓; 角叉菜.
US [mɑ:s] noun countable or uncountable
■a very small green or yellow plant that grows especially in wet earth or on rocks, walls and tree trunks 苔藓
• The rocks near the river were covered with moss. 河边的岩石长满了苔藓。
n. [植] 苔藓；泥沼
 - mire

Word: downward
Front: downward
[ˈdaʊnwəd] (高研四六 8257/8499 -K)
Back: adj. 向下的，往下的
adv. 向下地，下行地
分布：向下(79%)，向下的(15%)，下降的(6%)
向下的(down向下)[-ward表形容词+副词"向…"注:ward可变成wards,但只能作副词用]
a.向下的ad.(alsodownwards)向下,往下Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
■moving towards a lower position 向下，朝下
• a downward trend 下降的趋势
• The country's economy is on a downward spiral. 该国的经济正日渐衰退。
Compare upward
adj. [数] 向下的，下降的
 - falling, descensive
adv. [数] 向下
 - alow, netherward

Word: rapist
Front: rapist
[ˈreɪpɪst] (9940/12486 -1)
Back: n. 强奸犯
分布：强奸者(100%)
→来自 rape,强奸。
noun countable
■a person who forces someone to have sex with them 强奸犯
• The police have caught the rapist. 警方已经抓住了那个强奸犯。
n. 强奸犯
 - raper

Word: careless
Front: careless
[ˈkeələs] (中高四托 9928/7681 -K1)
Vocabulary: careless
(once / 171 pages)
1adj 2adj
When you're careless about something, you're not giving it much attention or consideration. If you're careless about mowing the lawn, you might mow over your mother's prized daffodils without even noticing.
When you say, "I couldn't care less" about something, you're probably going to be pretty careless about it, too. If you couldn’t care less about your homework, then you'll approach it in a careless manner, without much thought or concentration. Careless is negative, but it’s a little less so when it means effortless and unstudied, the way you might bat away a bug with a careless swat. Interestingly, the root meaning of care is "grief," so careless is "without grief."
WORD FAMILY
careless: carelesser, carelessest, carelessly, carelessness+/ care: cared, careful, careless, cares, caring / careful: carefuler, carefulest, carefully, carefulness, overcareful/carefulness: carefulnesses/carelessness: carelessnesses/ caring: caringly, carings, uncaring/overcareful: overcarefully/uncaring: uncaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s charged with felony tampering with evidence and two misdemeanors for careless discharge of a firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The big-rig was hauled from the river and the driver cited for careless driving.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But I also think about how his voice always got richer when he sang about pain, way back to “Careless Whisper.”
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗心的; 无忧无虑的; 漫不经心的，不介意的; 淡漠的
分布：粗心的(64%)，漫不经心的(14%)，无忧无虑的(8%)，草率的(7%)，疏忽的(7%)
→care, 关心。-less, 否定词缀。
US ['ker-] adjective
NO ATTENTION 粗心的
 ADVANCED
■not taking or showing enough care and attention 不小心的；粗心的，马虎的
• My son's teacher says that his work is often rather careless. 我儿子的老师说他做作业经常粗心大意。
• He made a careless (= without thinking) remark about her appearance that really upset her. 他对她外貌的一句随意的评价让她很不快。
UK ['keə.ləs] US ['ker-] adjective
NO WORRY 不担忧的 literary
■relaxed, natural and free from worry 轻松自在的，无忧无虑的
⇒ See also carefree
adj. 粗心的；无忧无虑的；淡漠的
 - unwary, sloppy

Word: rigor
Front: rigor
['rɪgə] (托宝 9829/44551)
Vocabulary: rigor
(once / 726 pages)
n
When a school boasts of its academic rigor, it means its students learn a lot and work really hard. Rigor means thoroughness and exhaustiveness––the gold standard for a good teacher.
You may have heard of "rigor mortis"––which is a medical term describing the stiffness of a body after death. Rigor used to mean stiffness outside of the corpse context, i.e., sternness. The word changes meaning along with our changing standards for what we want teachers to be.
WORD FAMILY
rigor: rigorous, rigors+/ rigorous: rigorously, rigorousness, rigourousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We want to apply the same scholarly rigor here that we would apply to an old masters’ show,” he added.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He stuck to his old patterns and melodies, and pushed back against the rigor of the production.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In a career built on dispensing advice to politicians, Mr. Harris was not unexperienced with the rigors and fears of running for elective office.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 严格; 严酷; 严密; （由惊吓或中毒等导致的身体）僵直
分布：严格(44%)，严密(20%)，精确(15%)，严厉(8%)，艰苦(5%)，僵直(4%)，强直(2%)，严酷(2%)
n. 严厉；精确；苛刻；僵硬
 - precision, stiffness

Word: abandonment
Front: abandonment
[əˈbændənmənt] (托 9919/8591)
Vocabulary: abandonment
(once / 1413 pages)
n
Abandonment is the act of getting rid of something. It’s how dogs become stray and children become orphaned. If abandonment is your greatest fear in life, make sure to surround yourself with loyal friends and treat them kindly.
Abandonment, a noun meaning "relinquishment," stems from the French abandonnement and was first recorded in the early 17th century. "Life, misfortunes, isolation, abandonment, poverty, are battlefields which have their heroes; obscure heroes, sometimes greater than the illustrious heroes," said Victor Hugo. He treats a person's survival of abandonment with the utmost respect, perhaps more than that accorded survival of war or other more obvious trials.
WORD FAMILY
abandonment: abandonments+/ abandon: abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons/ abandoned: abandonedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s the absoluteness of my abandonment of Chinese, undertaken with such determination that it is a kind of suicide.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He continued by calling it “an abandonment of Israel which breaks decades of US policy of protecting Israel at the UN”.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 放弃; 抛弃; 遗弃; 放任
分布：放弃(90%)，放纵(8%)，自暴自弃(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
离弃；遗弃；抛弃
The abandonment of a place, thing, or person is the act of leaving it permanently or for a long time, especially when you should not do so.
例：...memories of her father's complete abandonment of her.对父亲完全弃她不顾的回忆
N-UNCOUNT
（工作、活动等的）中途放弃，中止
The abandonment of a piece of work or activity is the act of stopping doing it before it is finished.
例：Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day's competitions.连绵阴雨致使翌日各项赛事被迫中止。
N-UNCOUNT
（想法或思路的）放弃
The abandonment of an idea or way of thinking is the act of stopping having the idea or of stopping thinking in that way.
例：...the government's abandonment of the policy.政府对这项政策的放弃
n. [法] 抛弃；放纵
 - rejection, loose

Word: marking
Front: marking
[ˈmɑ:kɪŋ] (9938/6853 -1)
Back: n. 标记，记号; （支票的）认付; 斑纹; 批改，打分
v. 作记号; 在…留下痕迹; 给…打分; 注意
adj. 赋与特征的; 使显眼的
分布：标志(72%)，打分(16%)，斑纹(10%)，动词mark的现在分词.(2%)
→来自mark,斑点，花纹，-ing,集合名词后缀。
US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable usually plural
■a mark which makes it possible to recognize something 标记；标识
• There are a couple of fish with blue markings, and a few more with gold stripes down the side. 这里有几条带蓝色斑点的鱼，那边还有几条带金色条纹的。
• The army said the relief flight would be too dangerous as none of its helicopters had Red Cross markings. 军方说由于所有直升机都没有红十字会标记，所以救援飞行太危险。
n. 标志；打分；做记号； [生物] 斑纹
 - symbol, seal, flag
v. 注意；作记号于；给…打分数（mark的ing形式）
 - noticing

Word: observed
Front: observed
[əb'zɜ:vd] (9953/9263)
Vocabulary: observed
(once / 64 pages)
adj
Something that's observed is seen or noted, especially as part of a scientific investigation. An observed side effect of a medication is one that's been scientifically proven.
Scientific inquiry includes trials and tests that are repeated many times — to prove something, a scientist has to actually see it, or observe it. When you're talking about science, something that's observed has been officially determined to be true. Observed and observe come from the Latin root observare, which means "note or regard," but also "keep safe or protect."
WORD FAMILY
observed: unobserved+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, we’ve observed that many people find the exercises onerous.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
While research confirms the value of early- childhood advocates’ efforts, a hometown lawmaker observed that their work wasn’t necessarily in sync.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New Year’s Eve is a major holiday for Russians; the Russian Orthodox Church observes the Julian calendar, and Christmas here is officially observed in January.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: v. 观察，研究( observe的过去式和过去分词 ); 遵守; （尤指为科学目的的）观察; 看到
VERB
（尤指为了解而）观察，观测
If you observe a person or thing, you watch them carefully, especially in order to learn something about them.
例：Stern also studies and observes the behaviour of babies...斯特恩还研究观察婴儿的行为。
例：Are there any classes I could observe?...有我可以观摩的课吗？
VERB
看到；注意到
If you observe someone or something, you see or notice them.
例：In 1664 Hooke observed a reddish spot on the surface of the planet.1664年，胡克注意到这颗行星表面有一块微红的斑点。
VERB
（尤指就注意到或深思熟虑之事）说，评论，评述
If you observe that something is the case, you make a remark or comment about it, especially when it is something you have noticed and thought about a lot.
例：We observe that the first calls for radical transformation did not begin until the period of the industrial revolution...我们认为直到工业革命时期才出现了要求彻底变革的第一波呐喊。
例：'He is a fine young man,' observed Stephen.“他是个很不错的小伙子，”斯蒂芬评论道。
VERB
遵守，奉行（法律、习俗等）
If you observe something such as a law or custom, you obey it or follow it.
例：Imposing speed restrictions is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them is trickier...限制车速容易，但强制司机遵守这些限速规定就难办多了。
例：The army was observing a ceasefire...军队正遵守停火协议。
adj. 观察的；观测的
 - scanning
v. 观察；遵守；注意到（observe的过去分词形式）
 - abode

Word: suspended
Front: suspended
[sə'spendɪd] (9943/7834)
Vocabulary: suspended
(once / 287 pages)
adj
Suspended particles seem to float in liquid. You may have seen hand sanitizing gels with tiny suspended dots throughout the clear liquid.
Particles that are suspended seem to hang in a liquid. In fact, Old French and Latin define pendere as "hang." Think of other words you know that are like suspended, such as that word's other definition, "to put off temporarily." A student suspended from school has not been kicked out, but instead is left hanging between periods of enrollment. Then there is pending: a decision that is pending hasn't been made yet, so people wait, hanging on until they know what will happen.
WORD FAMILY
suspend: resuspend, suspended, suspender, suspending, suspends, suspension +/resuspend: resuspended/suspender: suspenders/ suspension: suspensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Farmer, who started at outside linebacker in place of the suspended Manny Bowen, said the nerves disappeared after his first collision on special teams.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was suspended in December 2014 when the animals were placed back on the endangered species list due to a Federal court decision.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A month after being suspended from work, Ozakca learned he was being fired.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 暂停的，缓期的（宣判），悬浮的
v. 悬( suspend的过去式和过去分词 ); 延缓; 暂停; 使暂时停职（或停学等）
分布：被暂时搁置的(100%)
VERB
暂缓;推迟;暂停
If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it.
例：The union suspended strike action this week...这周工会暂停了罢工。
例：A UN official said aid programs will be suspended until there's adequate protection for relief convoys.一名联合国官员说将会暂停援助项目，直到援助车队能够得到充分的保护为止。
VERB
使暂时停职
If someone is suspended, they are prevented from holding a particular job or position for a fixed length of time or until a decision is made about them.
例：Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident...出事后不久，朱莉就被停职了。
例：Buchanan was suspended for a year from Georgetown University after brawling with police...布坎南因与警察发生肢体冲突而被乔治敦大学停学一年。
VERB
悬挂;吊
If something is suspended from a high place, it is hanging from that place.
例：...a mobile of birds or nursery rhyme characters which could be suspended over the cot.能悬挂在摇篮上方、由小鸟或童谣故事人物组成的风动玩具
例：...chandeliers suspended on heavy chains from the ceiling.悬挂在天花板上、由粗重吊链吊着的枝形吊灯
adj. 悬浮的；暂停的，缓期的（宣判）
 - trucial

Word: flatter
Front: flatter
[ˈflætə(r)] (研六托雅宝 9933/8558)
Vocabulary: flatter
(once / 189 pages)
v
When you flatter someone, you praise and compliment him or her — but you aren't totally sincere. You flatter your friend by telling her she's the best driver in the world. Because you want her to offer you a ride.
The Old French flater originally meant "to stroke or caress," which is what you do to people's egos when you flatter them. When you flatter, you probably want something — it could be as simple as wanting someone to like you. That's why people who meet celebrities tell them they're the greatest. More positively, if your hairstyle flatters your face, it emphasizes your best features.
WORD FAMILY
flatter: flattered, flatterer, flattering, flatters, flattery +/flatterer: flatterers/ flattering: flatteringest, flatteringly, unflattering / flattery: flatteries/ unflattering: unflatteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Apparently midi-skirts elongate the figure and flatter the wearer, so this must be a good fall.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Mom would tell me how flattering the shirt was on me “now.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, flattered as he was, Saban declined the offer initially because he didn’t want to spend another year in school.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 奉承; 自命不凡; 使显得更漂亮
时态：flattered, flattering, flatters
分布：奉承(63%)，恭维(25%)，取悦(8%)，显得好看(4%)
→flat, 平的。-er, 表反复。引申词义俯伏在地，拜倒，奉承等。
vt.奉承;使高兴;使满意;胜过With a clatter, the flatterer shattered the chattering wattmeter in the chaos.当啷一声,马屁精在混乱中打碎了格格作响的瓦特表.
【参】flatterer（n 奉承者）
【反】excoriate（v 批判）
US ['flætˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to praise someone in order to make them feel attractive or important, sometimes in a way that is not sincere 奉承；讨好
• I knew he was only flattering me because he wanted to borrow some money. 我知道他只是在讨好我，因为他想借些钱。
flatter yourself
■to believe something good about yourself although it might not be true 自命不凡
• [+ that] Clive flatters himself that he's an excellent speaker. 克莱夫自认为是个优秀的演说家。
flatter to deceive
■to give the appearance of being better than the true situation 以假像蒙人，掩人耳目
• I suspect these statistics flatter to deceive. 我怀疑这些资料是掩人耳目的。
be/feel flattered
■to feel very pleased and proud because someone has said good things about you or has made you feel important 被奉承得高兴；感到荣幸
• She was flattered by his attention. 他的关注使她格外高兴。
• They were flattered to be invited to dinner by the mayor. 市长邀请他们共进晚餐，他们深感荣幸。
• We felt flattered that so many people came to our party. 这么多人来参加我们的派对，我们感到十分荣幸。
■to make someone look more attractive than usual 使（某人）显得更吸引人
• That new hairstyle really flatters her. 那个新发型让她显得漂亮多了。
• Short skirts don't flatter me at all. 我穿短裙根本不好看。
vt. 奉承；谄媚；使高兴
 - please, glad, satisfy

Word: altered
Front: altered
[ˈɔ:ltəd] (9931/11231)
Vocabulary: altered
(once / 303 pages)
adj
Something altered is changed. Your recently altered appearance, including a new short haircut and stylish new clothes, might surprise your grandparents when they pick you up at the airport.
Altered is an adjective that describes anything that's been changed or modified. You might need altered clothing after you succeed at your diet, or feel like you are in an "altered state" after you've been hypnotized. Altered behavior is behavior you have changed, like the altered habits of your housebroken dog. Altered comes from the Medieval Latin alterare, or "to change."
WORD FAMILY
altered: unaltered +/ alter: alterable, alteration, alterative, altered, altering, alters/ alterable: alterability, inalterable, unalterable / alteration: alterations/altering: alterings/inalterable: inalterably/ unalterable: unalterability, unalterably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if he accomplishes only half, the landscape of American politics and policy will be radically altered.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The stunt was a throwback to Jan. 1, 1976, when the prankster Daniel N. Finegood altered the letters in the same way.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The same judges ordered legislators to draw new boundaries by March and hold a November special election in the altered districts.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. [医]改变的
v. 改变，更改( alter的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：改变(83%)，更改(14%)，阉割(2%)，切除卵巢(1%)
V-ERG
改变；变更；更改
If something alters or if you alter it, it changes.
例：Little had altered in the village...村子里几乎没有什么变化。
例：They have never altered their programmes by a single day.他们一天也未变更过他们的节目。

Word: stale
Front: stale
[steɪl] (研四六托雅宝 9924/9963 -1)
Vocabulary: stale
(once / 1239 pages)
1adj 2v
If something is stale, it's no longer fresh. Ever bite into a piece of bread that's been left out a little too long? Chances are it's stale, or dry and hard to eat. Try making some croutons out of it.
The word stale comes from the Old French estaler meaning "to halt," which is what happens to your jaw when you try and bite down on a piece of stale bread — it just can't chew through it. But stale isn't a word that's used only when talking about food. When an idea is stale, it's old or boring. And when a horse stales, it's not old and crusty, it's urinating. Step aside.
WORD FAMILY
stale: staled, stalely, staleness, staler, stales, stalest, staling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I got my mind refreshed as well. I was a bit stale.”
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
It urges gentlemen to move for up to 24 miles a day, and to opt for a diet of lean meat, stale bread, and biscuits.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Trump means discontinuity, even if the stale Republican policies of the past lead the way.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 陈腐的; 不新鲜的; 走了味的
v. 变陈旧; 变得不新鲜; （牛马、骆驼等）撒尿
n. （牛马、骆驼的）尿
时态：staled, staling, stales
分布：陈腐的(38%)，不新鲜的(31%)，变得不新鲜(18%)，腐坏(7%)，厌倦的(6%)
→可能来自古法语 estal,存放的，固定位置的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stallaz,放置，固定位置， 来自 stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,stand.引申比喻义久放的，陈腐的，污浊的。
n.变质的,不新鲜的;陈旧的,陈腐的The males think the females have talent for telling stale tales.男人认为女人有讲陈腐故事的才能.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■no longer new or fresh, usually as a result of being kept for too long （通常指因久放）不新鲜的，走味的
• The bread/biscuits/cake had gone stale. 面包／饼干／蛋糕已经不新鲜了。
• The morning after the party, their apartment smelled of stale cigarette smoke. 派对后的次日早上，他们的公寓里有一股污浊的烟味。
■not fresh and new; boring because too familiar 过时的，老套的，没有新意的
• stale jokes/news 老掉牙的笑话／过时的新闻
■describes someone who has lost interest in what they are doing because they are bored or are working too hard （对所做之事）厌倦的，腻烦的
• They had been working together for over five years and they had both become a little stale. 他们两个已经在一起共事五年多了，彼此都有一点厌倦。
adj. 陈腐的；不新鲜的
 - banal, trite
vi. 变陈旧；撒尿；变得不新鲜
 - urinate
n. 尿
 - urine, emiction

Word: finishing
Front: finishing
['fɪnɪʃɪŋ] (9946/7621)
Back: adj. 最后的，完工的
n. 结尾; 结束; 完成; 修整
v. 结束，完成( finish的现在分词 )
分布：最后的(47%)，结束(38%)，结束的(6%)，表面修饰(6%)，动词finish的现在分词.(3%)
VERB
结束;做毕
When you finish doing or dealing with something, you do or deal with the last part of it, so that there is no more for you to do or deal with.
例：As soon as he'd finished eating, he excused himself...他一吃完就告辞离开了。
例：Mr Gould was given a standing ovation and loud cheers when he finished his speech...古尔德先生结束演讲后，全场起立鼓掌并热烈欢呼。
VERB
完成;做成
When you finish something that you are making or producing, you reach the end of making or producing it, so that it is complete.
例：The consultants had been working to finish a report this week.顾问们一直在为要于本周内完成一份报告而工作。
VERB
(尤指在预定时间)结束，终结
When something such as a course, film, or sale finishes, especially at a planned time, it ends.
例：The teaching day finishes at around 4pm...一天的教学在下午4点左右结束。
例：When a play finishes its run, many of the costumes are hired out to amateur dramatics companies and schools.一部戏剧连演结束后，很多服装都会租借给业余剧团和学校。
V-ERG
(以某种方式)(使)结束
You say that someone or something finishes a period of time or an event in a particular way to indicate what the final situation was like. You can also say that a period of time or an event finishes in a particular way.
例：The two of them finished by kissing each other goodbye...他们两人最后互相吻别。
例：The evening finished with the welcoming of three new members...晚会的最后是欢迎3个新成员。
VERB
获得名次
If someone finishes second, for example, in a race or competition, they are in second place at the end of the race or competition.
例：He finished second in the championship four years in a row.他连续4年获得锦标赛亚军。
VERB
说完;讲完
To finish means to reach the end of saying something.
例：Her eyes flashed, but he held up a hand. 'Let me finish.'她眼光一闪，但他举起一只手说：“让我把话讲完。”
N-SING
结束;最后部分
The finish of something is the end of it or the last part of it.
例：I intend to continue it and see the job through to the finish...我打算继续下去，直到工作彻底完成。
例：From start to finish he believed in me, often more than I did myself.他自始至终都相信我，而且时常超过我对自己的信任。
N-COUNT
(比赛的)终结，最后阶段
The finish of a race is the end of it.
例：Win a trip to see the finish of the Tour de France!...赢得观看环法自行车赛最后阶段比赛之旅！
例：The replays of the close finish showed Ottey finished ahead of the Olympic champion.对难分先后的冲线镜头的回放显示奥蒂先于奥运冠军到达终点。
N-COUNT
抛光;成品表面
If the surface of something that has been made has a particular kind of finish, it has the appearance or texture mentioned.
例：The finish and workmanship of the woodwork was excellent.这件木工品的抛光和做工均属上乘。
PHRASE
生死决战;誓死之战
A fight to the finish is one in which one of the people or groups fighting is killed or completely defeated.
例：The conflict in the North and East of the island was a fight to the finish.该岛北部和东部的冲突是一场你死我活的斗争。
PHRASE
最后润色;最后修饰
If you add the finishing touches to something, you add or do the last things that are necessary to complete it.
例：Right up until the last minute, workers were still putting the finishing touches on the pavilions...直到最后一刻，工人们仍在对展馆进行最后的修饰。
例：The only finishing touch most of these puddings need is a custard sauce.这些布丁大部分只需要用蛋奶沙司最后点缀一下。
PHRASAL VERB
吃光;喝光
If you finish off something that you have been eating or drinking, you eat or drink the last part of it with the result that there is none left.
例：Kelly finished off his coffee...凯利喝光了他的咖啡。
例：He took the bottle from her hands and finished it off in one long swallow.他从她手里夺过瓶子，一饮而尽。
PHRASAL VERB
杀死(已受严重伤害的人);毁灭(已遭严重损坏的物)
If someone finishes off a person or thing that is already badly injured or damaged, they kill or destroy them.
例：They meant to finish her off, swiftly and without mercy.他们打算毫不留情地迅速结果了她。
PHRASAL VERB
最后(处于某地或某种情形)
If you finish up in a particular place or situation, you are in that place or situation after doing or experiencing several things.
例：They had met by chance at university and finished up getting married...他们在大学偶遇，最后结了婚。
例：He's probably going to finish up in jail for business fraud.他最后很可能会因为商业诈骗而入狱。
PHRASAL VERB
吃完;喝完
If you finish up something that you have been eating or drinking, you eat or drink the last part of it.
例：Finish up your drinks now, please.请现在喝完。
PHRASAL VERB
与…断绝关系;对…不再感兴趣;同…不再打交道
If you finish with someone or something, you stop dealing with them, being involved with them, or being interested in them.
例：My boyfriend was threatening to finish with me...男友威胁说要和我分手。
例：'Have you finished with me?' Luke asked, when he had listened to Armstrong's report of his evidence.“你已经都问完我了吗?”卢克听完阿姆斯特朗向自己重述的证词后问道。
adj. 最后的；终点的
 - last, terminal, eventual
n. 完成，结束；最后的修整
 - completion, achievement, execution, accomplishment, close
v. 完成（finish的ing形式）
 - completing

Word: showing
Front: showing
[ˈʃəʊɪŋ] (9949/9884)
Back: n. （电影、电视节目等的）展映; 放映; （在某事件中或某一期间的）表现; 表演
v. 给…看( show的现在分词 ); 表现出; 显露出; 上演
分布：成绩(50%)，动词show的现在分词.(50%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun
PERFORMANCE 表现
countable usually singular
■the quality of someone's performance in a competitive activity （某人在竞争活动中的）表现
• She managed a good/strong showing in the world championship, but was knocked out in the semi-final. 她在世界锦标赛上表现非常出色，但在准决赛中被淘汰了。
• She had a dismal showing in the opinion polls. 她在民意调查中表现不佳。
UK ['ʃəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['ʃoʊ-] noun
PUBLIC EVENT 公共活动
countable
■an opportunity for the public to see something 放映；播放；展览
• This is the film's first showing on British television. 这是该电影首次在英国电视上播放。
n. 放映；表演；陈列
 - performance, layout, exposure, screening

Word: serum
Front: serum
[ˈsɪərəm] (9974/4917 -1)
Vocabulary: serum
(once / 2539 pages)
n
Technically, serum is the part of blood that doesn’t clot, or any kind of “watery animal fluid.” But serum as skincare refers to watery fluid made of almost anything designed to make skin more beautiful. No animals involved.
The medical term serum is used to describe the watery component of blood that's left behind when blood clots or coagulates. The serum of someone who's recovered from a disease is sometimes used to treat patients who fall ill with the same disease. Antibodies in the serum can fight off the virus or bacteria that caused the illness. In Latin, serum means "watery fluid." That’s what cosmetic companies have in mind when they sell various face serums.
WORD FAMILY
serum: antiserum, sera, serous, serums+/antiserum: antiserums/serous: serously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are here with my wife, waiting for the DNA results,” he said in an interview with the Italian daily Corriere della Sera.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Often there is a fundamental misunderstanding of what hypnosis is, said Sera Lavelle, a psychologist who incorporates hypnotherapy into her practice in New York.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The analysis involved looking at archived serum samples, many nearly 40 years old, from studies that were discontinued long ago.
Washington Post(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. <医>血清，血浆; 浆液，树液; 乳清
分布：血清(97%)，浆液(2%)，乳浆(1%)
→来自拉丁语 serum,液状物，乳清，乳浆，来自 ser,流动，词源同 stream,rheum.引申词义 血清。
US ['sɪr.əm] (plural serums or sera)
noun countable or uncountable
■the watery, colourless part of the blood, or this liquid taken from an animal and put into a human in order to fight an infection 血清
• cholesterol levels in blood serum 血清中的胆固醇标准
• an anti-venom serum 抗蛇毒血清
■a substance in beauty products that is designed to improve your hair or skin and make it less dry 血清（美容产品中的一种物质，用于改善头发或皮肤，减少干燥情况）
n. [免疫] 血清；浆液；免疫血清；乳清；树液
 - sera, lymph

Word: fetal
Front: fetal
['fi:tl] (9932/10995)
Vocabulary: fetal
(once / 12669 pages)
adj
Something that's fetal relates to the developing offspring of an animal before it's born. Fetal growth can be measured using sonograms and other tools.
A fetal animal is also called a fetus, and something humans have in common with all other animals is our beginning in a fetal form, before our birth. Fetal development describes the way a fetus grows and changes over time, and when someone's in a fetal position, they're curled forward with bent arms and legs — like a fetus in its mother's womb. Fetal stems from the Latin fetus, "the bearing of young," or "a bringing forth."
WORD FAMILY
fetal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Majority Republicans proposed the bills after an anti-abortion group released videos it said showed Planned Parenthood illegally selling fetal tissue for profit.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
CDC scientists found that Zika virus RNA persisted in fetal brains and in placentas for more than seven months after the mothers contracted Zika.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
“This is why Texas will require clinics and hospitals to bury or cremate human and fetal remains.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 胎儿的，胎的
分布：胎儿的(100%)
→来自fetus, 胎儿。
US [-tˌəl] adjective US for foetal
adj. 胎的，胎儿的
 - foetal

Word: runaway
Front: runaway
[ˈrʌnəweɪ] (9955/14041 -1)
Vocabulary: runaway
(once / 997 pages)
1n 2adj 3n
A runaway is a person — often a child or teenager — who leaves home. A runaway is usually unhappy at home, and most runaways have families that are desperate to find them.
A kid who grabs some snacks and hides out all night in his neighbor's tree house is one kind of runaway — a more serious runaway is a teenager who hitchhikes to a city and lives on the street or in a shelter. You can also use the word as an adjective to mean "out of control," like a runaway car rolling down a hill with no driver, or a movie that's a runaway success, making more money than anyone thought possible.
WORD FAMILY
runaway: runaways
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no obvious, runaway favorite, so this means we all yell at each other about it for several weeks.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Those runaway hits are contributing to what industry sources are projecting to be a record year at the box office.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The victim was a runaway and authorities are trying to locate her parents or guardians.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 逃走的，逃亡的; 私奔的; 失去控制的; 物价飞涨的
n. 逃跑，逃亡; 逃走者，逃亡者; 脱缰之马; 失控
分布：失控的(65%)，逃跑的(19%)，逃亡(9%)，逃跑者(5%)，迅速的(2%)
adjective
■out of control or escaped from somewhere 失控的；逃跑的
• A runaway bus/horse caused chaos on the streets. 一辆公共汽车失控了／一匹马脱缰了，导致街道上一片混乱。
• a runaway child sleeping on the streets 离家出走露宿街头的小孩
• figurative Her first novel's runaway (= surprisingly big) success came as a great surprise. 她的第一部小说大获成功，真是大大出人意料。
adj. 逃亡的；逃走的
 - fugitive, escaped
n. 逃跑；逃走的人
 - escape

Word: lapse
Front: lapse
[læps] (研雅宝 9939/9458 -1)
Vocabulary: lapse
(once / 365 pages)
1vn 2v
A lapse is a temporary slip, failure or break in continuity. Eating a second helping of cake when you're otherwise doing well on your diet is a lapse. Eating the whole cake in one sitting is a serious lapse in judgment.
First used to imply a “slip of the memory,” the noun lapse evolved in the sixteenth century from the Latin lapsus, meaning “a slipping and falling, falling into error.” The connotation of “a moral slip” developed later, and the verb form came into existence even later than that. Behaving badly one day when you're usually on your best behavior is a lapse; Behaving badly again after a short stint being well-mannered means you're lapsing back into nasty old habits.
WORD FAMILY
lapse: lapsed, lapses, lapsing, relapse +/ relapse: relapsed, relapses, relapsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Peelle entertains in the novel in a folksy way that might lapse more frequently into hokey in a less confident writer’s hands.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When they lapsed, there were reports of “gallant troops” who “fought gamely” in a “battle royal” by means of “raids on entrenchments.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Friendships that sustained them for decades lapse when companions and confidants retire or move away or grow ill.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 小错，疏忽; 行为失检，失足; 流逝; [法]（权利等的）失效，消失
vi. 退步; 陷入，堕入; 失效，终止; [法]转归
时态：lapsed, lapsing, lapses
分布：失效(36%)，流逝(27%)，过失(15%)，间隔(9%)，堕落(7%)，停止(4%)，使失效(2%)
→来自拉丁语labi,滑落，滑倒，来自sleib,*slei,黏，滑，词源同slip,lime.引申词义过错，疏忽。
堕落;犯错误n.失误,差错[laps=slip,表示"滑,滑走"]
n.失误,流逝,丧失,下降v.失效,偏离,流逝The days lapsed away.日子在不知不觉之中过去.
【参】relapse（v /n 旧病复发）；elapse（v 消逝）
noun
FAILURE 失败
countable
■a temporary failure 过失，小失误
• a lapse of concentration 走神
• The management's decision to ignore the safety warnings demonstrated a remarkable lapse of judgment. 管理层作出的对安全警告不予理会的决定是决策上的明显失误。
• a memory lapse 一时想不起来
[læps] noun
PERIOD 一段时间
countable usually singular
■a period of time passing between two things happening （两件事之间的）间隔时间
• a time lapse/a lapse of time 时间间隔
• He turned up again after a lapse of two years. 两年后他又露面了。
[læps] verb intransitive
■to end legally or officially by not being continued or made effective for a longer period 期满终止；失效；废止
• The association needs to win back former members who have allowed their subscriptions to lapse. 该协会需要重新把那些已经期满退出的会员吸引回来。
[læps] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  lapse into sth
LESS ACTIVE
■to start speaking or behaving in a less active or acceptable way （言谈举止）陷入（消极的状态），显得异常
• No one could think of anything more to say, and the meeting lapsed into silence. 所有人都想不出该再说些甚么，于是会议陷入了沉默。
WORSE
■to gradually get into a worse state or condition 陷入（更糟糕的状况）
• He lapsed into a coma and died four days later. 他陷入昏迷状态，于四天后去世。
n. 失效；流逝；过失
 - error, sin, mistake, blame, passing
vi. 失效；流逝；背离，失检；陷入
 - cease to be in force, out of service

Word: errand
Front: errand
[ˈerənd] (六雅宝 9937/12341 -1)
Vocabulary: errand
(once / 422 pages)
n
An errand is a short trip to fulfill some small business. When you’re running errands, you’re making a bunch of these all at once.
The noun errand can refer to the mission of the trip itself. If the lines are always long at the bank, then banking may be your least favorite errand. If you are off on a wild goose chase, you may be out on a fool's errand. If you are taking food or clothing to someone in need, then you are on an errand of mercy.
WORD FAMILY
errand: errands
USAGE EXAMPLES
He used to slouch on the sofa when he was off from work, too tired to accompany Christa on errands.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Those range from neighbors helping each other by running errands or pet-sitting to organizing activities like book clubs and museum visits.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
After his release, he told them he survived off small jobs — painting, running errands.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 差使; 差事; 使命
分布：差事(53%)，跑腿(26%)，差使(21%)
→来自ei, 走，离开。其现在分词ion, 过去分词it, 词源同exit, itinerary, 该词来自其拉丁语现在主动不完全格ire.
【记】err徘徊，跑－跑腿
【参】aberration（n 失常）
noun countable
■a short journey either to take a message or to take or collect something （短程）差事；跑腿
• I'll meet you at six, I've got some errands to do/run first. 我会在六点和你见面，我得先去办些事情。
['er.ənd] noun countable
errand of mercy literary
■an act of bringing help 救难扶困之举；雪中送炭
n. 使命；差事；差使
 - mission, message

Word: ballistic
Front: ballistic
[bəˈlɪstɪk] (9950/17201 -1)
Vocabulary: ballistic
(once / 7203 pages)
adj
The adjective ballistic describes the flight of an object through space. It usually applies to projectiles like bullets or rockets that are fired from weapons. If you’re in the path of a ballistic missile, get out of the way!
A ballistic missile is guided only when it’s first launched. After that its flight is subject to the law of gravity. The word comes from a Roman weapon called a ballista, which chucked rocks into the air, whose name comes from the Greek for "throw." If someone has “gone ballistic,” they're crazy with anger. When you go ballistic, you’re just like an unmanned missile: you fly into a fit of rage and lose control over your feelings or actions.
WORD FAMILY
ballistic: ballistically+/ballistics: ballistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council resolutions from developing ballistic missiles and testing nuclear devices.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Pentagon statement noted that “multiple UN Security Council resolutions explicitly prohibit North Korea’s launches using ballistic missile technology.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Last April, North Korea reported the successful ground test of an engine for an intercontinental ballistic missile.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 弹道学的; 发射学的; 飞行物体的
分布：弹道的(100%)
→来自词根ball, 扔，投。投出去的弹道线。
[bə'lɪs.tɪk] informal
adjective
go ballistic
■to become extremely angry 发怒，生气
• If your dad finds out you've been skipping school, he'll go ballistic. 如果你爸爸发现你一直在逃学，他会很生气的。
adj. [航] [军] 弹道的；射击的
 - gunshot

Word: levee
Front: levee
[ˈlevi] (宝 9918/-)
Vocabulary: levee
(once / 2179 pages)
1n 2n
A levee is an embankment, like a dam, constructed to prevent the overflow of a body of water. It can also mean a formal reception. How do these two words relate? Read on...
In French, lever means to lift and se lever means to rise, literally "lift yourself." When the king rose from his bed and received visitors, that was a levee. When you raise up dirt or other materials to build a dam or levee, that's also a levee. Now, official levees don't involve kings––but you might hear of “a governor’s levee at the state capital.” And levee can be used as a verb, meaning to make an embankment, or shore up.
WORD FAMILY
levee: levees
USAGE EXAMPLES
This $99.3 million project involves lowering an existing levee and shore armoring, excavating channels and constructing a new levee alignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Artist Matthew Levee Chavez created the project after the elections.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It is project No. 5 of 10 in the overall levee improvement effort, said City Engineer Matt Cox.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 堤; 早朝; <美>总统或其它高级官员所举行的招待会; 专为某人举行的招待会
分布：招待会(39%)，堤岸(25%)，筑堤(12%)，集体接见(12%)，码头(12%)
→来自拉丁语levare,升起，举起，词源同lever.引申词义防洪堤，码头。早朝义来自法语，原义为起床，代指君主接见朝臣的早会。
【记】lev是“升起”的词根
【参】lever（n 杠杆；控制杆；v 抬起）；leverage（n 杠杆作用）；levitate（v 使轻轻浮起）
noun countable
■a wall made of land or other materials that is built next to a river to stop the river from overflowing (= coming out of a place because it is too full) 防洪堤（在河边由土等材料筑成的墙，以防止河水溢出）
n. 堤坝（码头）；（旧时君主或显贵的）早晨接见
 - dike

Word: imperative
Front: imperative
[ɪmˈperətɪv] (研六托雅宝 8360/8822 -1)
Vocabulary: imperative
(once / 750 pages)
1adjn 2adjn
When something absolutely has to be done and cannot be put off, use the adjective imperative.
Imperative is from Latin imperare "to command," and its original use was for a verb form expressing a command: "Do it!" is an imperative sentence. It's still used that way, but it's more commonly applied to something so pressing it cannot be put off: "Hiring new workers has become imperative." It has more immediate force than pressing but less than urgent.
WORD FAMILY
imperative: imperatively, imperativeness, imperatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
The imperative of the present moment is to challenge that judgment, to restore a sense of tolerance and a spirit of generosity.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Now, Stone requires the kind of structure imperative for running a large business operating in multiple time zones, he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Clearly, research and funding are imperative to get a true grasp on how Lyme and other diseases interact with other forms of infection.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 必要的，不可避免的; 命令的，专横的; 势在必行的; [语]祈使的
n. 必要的事; 命令; 规则; [语]祈使语气
分布：命令(51%)，必要的(34%)，义务(7%)，祈使的(5%)，驱使(1%)，紧要的(1%)，紧要的事(1%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。即皇帝的命令，引申词义重要的，迫切的。拼写比较inimical,enemy,invidious,envy.
命令的,强制的(imper+ative)[emper,imper=command,表示"命令,统治"]
n.命令;需要;规则;祈使语气a.强制的;紧急的An immediate operation was imperative.非立刻动手术不可.
【参】imperator（n 绝对统治者；最高统治者）；emperor（n 皇帝）
【反】imperial（adj 皇帝的）－obedient（adj 服从的）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
URGENT 紧急的
■extremely important or urgent; needing to be done or given attention immediately 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• [+ that] The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured. 总统说当务之急是确保所有人质都获释。
• [+ to infinitive] It's imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious. 必须现在就采取行动，而不是再等到问题变得难以收拾。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■used to describe the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is in the imperative form. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED only singular specialized
■the form of a verb which is usually used for giving orders 祈使语气；祈使语气动词
• In the phrase 'Leave him alone!', the verb 'leave' is an imperative/is in the imperative. 在句子 Leave him alone! 中，动词 leave 是祈使语气动词／用的是祈使语气。
UK [ɪm'per.ə.tɪv] US [-tˌɪv] noun
URGENT 紧急的
countable
■something which is extremely important or urgent 极重要的；紧急的；迫切的
• Getting the unemployed back to work, said the minister, is a moral imperative. 部长说，让失业者重返工作岗位是一件道义上必须做的事。
adj. 必要的，势在必行的；命令的；紧急的
 - necessary, urgent, essential, emergency, instant
n. 需要；命令；祈使语气；规则
 - necessity, instruction, need, request, order

Word: skate
Front: skate
[skeɪt] (中高研四六 5756/12027 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 溜冰，滑冰
n. 溜冰鞋
时态：skated, skating, skates
分布：滑冰(55%)，溜冰(33%)，冰鞋(12%)
→来自荷兰语 schaats,溜冰，滑冰，可能借自古英语 sceacan,摇摆，滑动，词源同 shake.
v.溜冰,滑冰n.冰鞋I've hatred for the hateful man's skates bought with prior private privilege.我对那个可恶男子用优先个人特权购买的冰鞋感到厌恶.
noun
BOOT 靴子
 ADVANCED countable (plural skates)
■a special boot with a thin metal bar fixed to the bottom that you wear to move quickly on ice, or a boot with four small wheels fixed to the bottom so that you can move over a hard surface 溜冰鞋；滑冰鞋
• a pair of ice skates 一双溜冰鞋
• a pair of roller skates 一双四轮溜冰鞋
[skeɪt] noun
FISH 鱼
countable or uncountable (plural skate or skates)
■a large flat sea fish, which can be eaten as food 鳐鱼（一种扁体海鱼，可食用）
[skeɪt] noun
get/put your skates on UK informal
■used when you want to tell someone to hurry up 快点，把握时间
• Get your skates on, or we'll be late. 快点，否则我们会迟到的。
[skeɪt] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
 ADVANCED
■to move, or make a particular movement on a surface, using skates 滑冰，溜冰
• The ice on the river is thick enough to skate on/across/over. 河上的冰够厚，可以在上面滑冰。
• Shall we go skating tomorrow? 我们明天去滑冰好吗？
[skeɪt] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
be skating on thin ice
■to be doing something risky or dangerous 如履薄冰；冒险
• He's skating on thin ice by lying to the police. 他向警方撒谎真是冒险之举。
[skeɪt] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  skate over/round/around sth
■to avoid dealing completely with something or to fail to pay enough attention to it 对…一带而过；对…轻描淡写
• Providing homeless people with somewhere to stay when the weather is cold only skates round the problem, it doesn't solve it. 只在天冷的时候才为无家可归者提供住处，这只是治标不治本的做法，并不能真正解决问题。
• I didn't understand what the teacher said about prepositions, because she only skated over it. 我不明白老师所讲的关于介词的内容，因为她只是稍微带过讲了一下。
vi. 滑冰；滑过
 - ice skating, ice-skate
n. 溜冰；冰鞋
 - ice-skating

Word: sucker
Front: sucker
[ˈsʌkə(r)] (9958/15183 -1)
Back: n. 容易上当受骗的人; 酷爱…的人; 吸盘; 玩意儿
v. 欺骗; 诱骗
分布：吸盘(54%)，傻瓜(23%)，吸管(23%)
→suck,抽吸，-er,表物。引申词义吸盘。
US [-ɚ] noun
STICKING DEVICE 吸附装置
countable
■something that helps an animal or object to stick to a surface （动物或物体的）吸盘
• The leech has a sucker at each end of its body. 蚂蟥的头尾两端各有一个吸盘。
countable UK informal for * suction cup
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
PLANT PART 植物的部分
countable specialized
■a new growth on an existing plant that develops under the ground from the root or the main stem, or from the stem below a graft (= part where a new plant has been joined on) （从植物的根部、主茎等长出的）吸根，吸枝
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
FOOLISH PERSON 蠢人
countable informal disapproving
■a person who believes everything they are told and is therefore easy to deceive 容易上当的人；轻信的人
• You didn't actually believe him when he said he had a yacht, did you? Oh, Annie, you sucker! 他说他有个游艇时，你不是真的相信了吧？噢，安妮，你这个傻瓜！
be a sucker for sth informal
■to like something so much that you cannot refuse it or judge its real value 对…无法抗拒；对…入迷
• I have to confess I'm a bit of a sucker for musicals. 我得承认我对音乐剧有点太入迷。
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
THING OR PERSON 物或人
countable US informal
■used to refer to a thing or person that is unpleasant or difficult （令人不快或困难的）东西，家伙
• I've been working on that paper for weeks and almost have the sucker finished. 那篇讨厌的论文我已经写了几个星期，就快写好了。
• He's a nasty little sucker, isn't he? 他是个讨厌的小捣蛋鬼，不是吗？
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
SWEET 糖
countable US informal for
■ lollipop
UK ['sʌk.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  sucker sb into sth US informal
■to persuade someone to do something by deceiving them 骗（某人）做…
• [+ -ing verb] We were suckered into doing the job for free. 我们受骗，白白做了那工作。
n. [动] 吸管；乳儿；易受骗的人
 - straw, greenhorn

Word: frying
Front: frying
['fraɪɪŋ] (9948/12274)
Back: v. 油炸，油煎( fry的现在分词 ); 皮肤晒黑; 煎炸; 油发
分布：煎的(44%)，用于煎的(28%)，动词fry的现在分词形式.(28%)
VERB
油煎;油炸;油炒
When you fry food, you cook it in a pan that contains hot fat or oil.
例：Fry the breadcrumbs until golden brown.把面包屑炸成金褐色为止。
例：...fried rice.炒饭
N-PLURAL
鱼苗;鱼秧
Fry are very small, young fish.
N-PLURAL
fries 同 French fries
Fries are the same as French fries.
PHRASAL VERB
(尤指为尽快做好便饭)煎一下，炸一下
If you fry up food, you fry it, especially in order to make a quick, casual meal.
例：I fried up the beef...我把牛肉煎了一下。
例：She cuts and fries the mixture up into a potato doughnut called Quin-Kuria.她把混料切好后放进油里炸成一种叫做Quin-Kuria 的土豆炸面圈。
n. 油炸，油煎
 - deep fry

Word: short-lived
Front: short-lived
[ˈʃɔ:tˈlaɪvd, -ˈlɪvd] (-1)
Back: adj. 短命的; 短暂的，一时的; 无常的
分布：短暂的(54%)，短命的(28%)，短期的(15%)，无常的(3%)
US [ˌʃɔ:rt'laɪvd/ UK [-'lɪvd] adjective
■If a feeling or experience is short-lived, it only lasts for a short time. 短暂的；短命的
• I had a few relationships at college, most of which were fairly short-lived. 我在大学时谈过几次恋爱，但大多都十分短暂。
adj. 短暂的，短期的；短命的；无常的
 - brief, little, transient, passing, uncertain

Word: kitten
Front: kitten
[ˈkɪtn] (9944/10473 -1)
Vocabulary: kitten
(once / 893 pages)
nv
A kitten is a baby cat. There is nothing more adorable then a bunch of fuzzy little kittens playing together.
While there are a few other animals whose young are called kittens, like beavers, rabbits, and rats, the word most commonly describes a baby cat. Kittens are dependent on their mothers for food and protection until they are around six to eight weeks old, when they're still adorable but also able to eat solid food. Kitten comes from the Middle English kitoun, which is rooted in the Old French chitoun, or "little cat."
WORD FAMILY
kitten: kittened, kittening, kittenish, kittens+/ kittenish: kittenishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Cute” is dancing toddlers, puppies and clumsy kittens, anything involving that optimal eye-size-to-head-size ratio.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Holding the kitten in your arms firmly, called cradling, which also works well with puppies, will get her used to being gently restrained.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Raindrops on roses, whiskers on kittens … bright copper kettles….
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小猫; 小动物
vi. 产小猫
时态：kittened, kittening, kittens
分布：小猫(99%)，生育小猫(1%)
→来自拉丁语cattus,猫，词源同cat.
小猫(kit=cat猫)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【记】kitten就是著名的kitty猫
US ['kɪtˌ-] noun countable
■a very young cat 小猫
UK ['kɪt.ən] US ['kɪtˌ-] noun countable
have kittens (US have a cow) informal
■to be very worried, upset or angry about something 心慌意乱；焦躁；恼怒
• My mother nearly had kittens when I said I was going to buy a motorbike. 我说我要买辆轻型摩托车时，我母亲非常不安。
n. 小猫；小动物
 - beastie, catling

Word: traitor
Front: traitor
[ˈtreɪtə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 9963/10023 -1)
Vocabulary: traitor
(once / 359 pages)
n
A traitor says one thing but does another. If you promise a friend you'll keep his secret, but instead you blab it to everyone, you're a traitor.
The word origin says it all: traditorem is the Latin word for "betrayer." Liar? Yes. Backstabber? Yes. True friend? Heavens, no. Traitors betray the trust of those who have faith in them or believe their promises. Traitor also applies to a person who betrays his country by committing treason: turning against his own government, perhaps by selling secret information.
WORD FAMILY
traitor: traitorous, traitors+/ traitorous: traitorously, traitorousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite his spokesman's earlier denunciation of Stepanova as a traitor, he also acknowledged there was a problem.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
If you call them traitors and saboteurs, you might as well call the Founding Fathers that as well.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
His sumptuously written new book, “Judas,” humanely probes the role of the traitor as well as Israeli politics and history.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 卖国贼; 叛徒; 背叛者; 背信弃义的人
分布：叛徒(77%)，卖国贼(21%)，出卖朋友者(2%)
→来自古法语 traitor,叛徒，来自（缩写自）拉丁语 traditor,叛徒，来自 tradere,转给，移交，投 降，词源同 treason,betray.该词与 tradition 为对词关系，但词义完全不同。
n.叛徒,卖国贼The traitor in strait straight forwardly told me the traits of the bait.在向前直的海峡里的卖国贼告诉我饵的特性.
【记】trait（n 一个人的性格方面的显著特性；遗传特征），or：一般来说叛徒在性格方面都有显著特征。
【参】traditor（n 叛教者）
US [-tˌɚ] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who is not loyal or stops being loyal to their own country, social class, beliefs, etc. 背叛者，叛徒；卖国贼
• The leaders of the rebellion were hanged as traitors. 叛乱的首领被作为叛国者，绞死了。
• The Chinese Communist Party branded (= called) Mr Gorbachev 'a traitor to socialism'. 中国共产党给戈巴契夫先生打上了社会主义叛徒的烙印。（即称他为社会主义叛徒）
n. 叛徒；卖国贼；背信弃义的人
 - rat, betrayer

Word: barge
Front: barge
[bɑ:dʒ] (六托宝 9954/8945)
Vocabulary: barge
(once / 802 pages)
1nv 2v
A barge is a big, flat boat that can transport heavy goods over water. You might see a barge carrying a load of new cars down a river.
Barges are useful for moving very heavy things along canals and rivers. A typical barge can hold more than a thousand tons of cargo, so it's ideal for bulky, weighty goods. Barge is also a verb, meaning both "move by barge" and "shove forward," as when you barge in the door of a crowded party or barge into your brother's room just to bother him. The root is believed to be the Greek baris, "Egyptian boat."
WORD FAMILY
barge: barged, bargee, barges, barging+/bargee: bargees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Andy Carroll entered finally to test that rejigged back line and immediately drew a little barging panic from Jones.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Seven barges were used to launch the pyrotechnics, and the iconic bridge served as a focal point for the show.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
This was clear last year when the barges were about to leave.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 驳船; 游艇; 游览汽车
vi. （鲁莽而笨拙地）闯入; 蹒跚前进
vt. 用驳船运，乘驳船去
时态：barged, barging, barges
分布：驳船(77%)，闯(11%)，冲(8%)，猛撞(3%)，以驳船载运(1%)
→来自拉丁词barca, 驳船。
【记】bar酒吧，ge搁。可以把酒吧搁上的船－平底驳船。用barge运cargo
US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hurry somewhere or through a place in a rude and forceful way （鲁莽地）冲，闯
• They barged through the crowds. 他们在人群中横冲直撞。
• When the doors opened she barged her way to the front of the queue. 门一开她就冲到了队伍前面。
• The man barged (= pushed) into her and ran on without stopping. 那个男人撞倒她后，停也没停接着就跑了。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in/into sth informal
■to walk into a room quickly, without being invited 闯入
• I wish he'd knock instead of just barging in. 我希望他进来前要敲门，而不是直接闯进来。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in informal
■to interrupt rudely （粗鲁地）打断，插话
• Sorry to barge in, but I couldn't help overhearing what you were saying. 对不起打断一下，我刚才碰巧听见了你们的谈话。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] noun countable
■a long boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying heavy objects on rivers or canals 驳船，平底载货船
vi. 蹒跚；闯入
 - titubate, burst into
n. [船] 驳船；游艇
 - lighter, catamaran

Word: unconventional
Front: unconventional
[ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl] (六托 9964/14452 -1)
Vocabulary: unconventional
(once / 2779 pages)
adj
To be unconventional is to act, dress, speak, or otherwise exist out of the bounds of cultural norms. If you eat cheeseburgers for breakfast, that's somewhat unconventional.
Anything that's nonconformist or out of the ordinary can be described as unconventional. Every culture has its own conventions — or norms — and what may be unconventional in one region might be typical in another. The perception of what's unconventional is determined by context.
WORD FAMILY
unconventional: unconventionality, unconventionally+/ convene: convened, convener, convenes, convening, convention, reconvene /convener: conveners/ convention: conventional, conventioneer, conventions/ conventional: conventionalise, conventionalism, conventionality, conventionalize, conventionally, unconventional /conventionalisation: conventionalisations/conventionalise: conventionalisation, conventionalised, conventionalises, conventionalising/conventionalism: conventionalisms/conventionality: conventionalities/conventionalize: conventionalization, conventionalized, conventionalizing/conventioneer: conventioneers/ reconvene: reconvened, reconvenes, reconvening/unconventionality: unconventionalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 22-year-old is representing himself, and the process is likely to be unconventional.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
With Roof representing himself, the process is sure to be unconventional.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
With the 22-year-old representing himself, the process is sure to be unconventional.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 非传统的; 非常规的; 不依惯例的; 通脱自喜
分布：非传统的(56%)，非常规的(41%)，不合惯例的(3%)
【记】un不，conventional（adj 惯例的；常规的）：非传统的
adjective
■different from what is usual or from the way most people do things 不因循守旧的；不同寻常的
• an unconventional childhood/lifestyle/marriage 不一样的童年／生活方式／婚姻
adj. 非常规的；非传统的；不依惯例的
 - unorthodoxy, nontraditional

Word: remedy
Front: remedy
[ˈremədi] (研四六托雅 5111/3157 -2)
Vocabulary: remedy
(once / 204 pages)
nv
A remedy is something that relieves or cures a problem or illness. Aloe vera is a common remedy for sunburn.
If you're having trouble sleeping, the first remedy you might try is a hot bath and a cup of chamomile tea. If that doesn't help, you may resort to something stronger, like a sedative. If a streetlight shining in your window is part of the problem, you can remedy the situation with some room-darkening shades. But if it's your upstairs neighbors and their all-night partying that's keeping you awake, you may have to consider a legal remedy.
WORD FAMILY
remedy: remedial, remediate, remedied, remedies, remedying+/ irremediable: irremediably/ remediable: irremediable / remedial: remedially/ remediate: remediable, remediated, remediation /remedied: unremedied
USAGE EXAMPLES
To remedy that, he sometimes groups a few of them together.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Whether the change will bring fresh remedies to the southern African country’s economic woes is open to question.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
They chuckled at some customers’ home remedies, such as pouring white wine on a red-wine stain.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 治疗法; 补救办法; 纠正办法; （硬币的）公差
vt. 改正，纠正，改进; 补救; 治疗
时态：remedied, remedying, remedies
分布：补救(49%)，治疗(33%)，药物(7%)，矫正(6%)，治疗法(5%)
→re-,表强调，-med,救治，词源同 medical,medicine.
n.药品;治疗措施v.治疗,医治;纠正,补救In the cinema the medicine immediately remedied the medium.在电影院里这种药立刻拯救了中间人.
【参】remediable（adj 可挽回的）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a successful way of curing an illness or dealing with a problem or difficulty 疗法，治疗；补救（办法），纠正（办法）
• an effective herbal remedy for headaches 用草药治疗头痛的有效疗法
• The best remedy for grief is hard work. 排解忧伤的最好办法就是努力工作。
legal remedy legal
■a way of solving a problem or ordering someone to make a payment for harm or damage they have caused, using a decision made in a court of law （依法的）解决办法，救济
• We have exhausted all possible legal remedies for this injustice. 为了纠正这一不公正的行为，我们已经采取了一切法律手段。
['rem.ə.di] verb transitive formal
■to do something to correct or improve something that is wrong 补救；纠正；改进
• This mistake must be remedied immediately. 这一错误必须立即予以纠正。
medication, remedy, chemical, medicine, cure, drug
这组词都有“药”的意思，其区别是：
medication: 指医生开给病人用的一切药物，从最简单的阿斯匹林到最复杂的药物。
remedy: 普通用词，侧重指对恢复健康有效的药品或治疗方法。
chemical: 多指工业或化学中的药品，有时也指医药中的药品。
medicine: 普通用词，可指药物的总称，也指一切有利于健康的东西。
cure: 比remedy更强调使身体恢复健康的疗法或良药。
drug: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指任何用于预防或治疗肉体上或精神上疾病的药品。用复数形式，多指毒品。
remedy, heal, cure, treat
这组词都有“治疗、医治”的意思，其区别是：
remedy: 着重用药物对病人进行治疗。
heal: 侧重指治愈伤口、伤痛如灼伤等。
cure: 主要指治愈疾病。
treat: 普通用词，指接受并诊治病人。
remedy, correct, rectify, revise, amend
这组词都有“纠正，改正”的意思，其区别是：
remedy: 正式用词，通常指在局部范围内进行纠正，尤指对困难或棘手问题的解决。
correct: 指纠正或改正不正确、不真实或有缺点的东西。
rectify: 正式用词，意义较抽象，侧重指彻底改正偏离子正确标准或规则的东西。
revise: 指通过仔细阅读、反复思考后而进行改正、订正或修订，使趋于完善。
amend: 书面语用词。指进行更正或改变，使之更好，符合更高的要求。
vt. 补救；治疗；纠正
 - cure, help, repair
n. 补救；治疗；赔偿
 - therapy, satisfaction, cure

Word: envoy
Front: envoy
[ˈenvɔɪ] (托 9956/10593 -2)
Vocabulary: envoy
(once / 603 pages)
1n 2n
An envoy is someone sent out as a messenger to represent another person or group, such as a country or business.
The saying "Don't kill the messenger" could easily be "Don't kill the envoy," because an envoy is a messenger. The U.S. government has many envoys, as do other countries and many organizations and businesses. In government, an envoy has much less power than an ambassador. The word envoy is also used to describe a brief postscript in poetry or prose that explains or ties up the previous piece before “sending it to readers,” so that’s messenger-like too.
WORD FAMILY
envoy: envoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council, which allowed a censure of Israeli settlements to pass for the first time in 36 years, according to U.S. envoy to the U.N.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Sunday is a regular work day in Israel, but most embassies are closed, and calling in envoys on Christmas Day is highly unusual.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
The young Turkish policeman who shot the envoy railed about Russia’s backing of the regime in Syria’s war and the “atrocity” in Aleppo.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 使节，外交官; 全权公使; 谈判代表; 书后，结尾诗节
分布：特使(95%)，外交使节(5%)
→en-, 进入，使。-voy, 路，词源同via, way.
使者,使节(en进+voy走→走进[别人的范围→使者])[vi,via,voy=way,表示"道路"]
noun countable
■someone who is sent as a representative from one government or organization to another 使者；使节；代表
• a United Nations special envoy 联合国特使
n. 使者；全权公使
 - chiaus, internuncio

Word: band
Front: band
[bænd] (高研四托雅宝 1277/1145 -K4)
Vocabulary: band
(once / 79 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4n
A band is a narrow strip of fabric or some other material, like the head band a little girl wears in her hair. When a patient is admitted to a hospital, she gets a plastic wrist band with her name on it.
There are many different kinds of bands, from rubber bands to wedding bands — what they have in common is being thin and flat, and forming a kind of loop or circle. Other ways to use the word band include to mean musicians who play together or another group with something in common, like a band of thieves. When you band together with others, you join them in a clump or support a common cause.
WORD FAMILY
band: banded, banding, bands, disband +/banded: unbanded/banding: bandings/ disband: disbanded, disbanding, disbandment, disbands/disbandment: disbandments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The marching bands were the very soul of diversity.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some people voiced strong opposition, while others support the band’s participation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Aleppo was never far from the minds of the band Musiqana and the crowd at its record release concert in Berlin.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 带; 乐队; 衣带; 价值
vt. 给…镶边; 用带绑扎; （将价格、收入等）划分档次; 把…联合起来
vt. & vi. 结合起来，伙同
vi. 聚集，联合（起来）（通常与together 连用）
时态：banded, banding, bands
分布：队(37%)，乐队(33%)，带(20%)，联合(3%)，波段(3%)，结合(1%)，一群(1%)，箍(1%)，绑扎(1%)
→来自PIE *bendh, 绑。同bend, bind, bond. 乐队义来自于旧时士兵绑一条带子在头上作为某种象征，而最早的乐队成员也有类似的动作。
n.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎The wandering band abandoned her bandaged husband on Swan Island.流浪的乐队把她那位打着绷带的丈夫遗弃在天鹅岛上.
noun
MUSICIANS 音乐人
 ESSENTIAL countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of musicians who play modern music together 乐队，乐团
• a jazz/rock band 爵士／摇滚乐团
• The Beatles are probably the most famous band in the world. 披头四乐队大概是世界上最有名的乐团。
boy/girl band
■a group of fashionable young men or women who perform popular songs together and dance as a group 少男／少女组合
• He made his name in the nineties boy band Boyzone, before going on to a highly successful solo career. 他90年代以“男孩乐团”这一少男组合成名，后来作独立发展，事业极为成功。
[bænd] noun
STRIP 带
countable
■a thin flat piece of cloth, elastic , metal or other material put around something to fasten or strengthen it, or a long narrow piece of colour, light, etc. that is different from what surrounds it 带，细绳；箍
• a wrist band 腕带
• a red silk band 红丝带
• A narrow band of grass separated the greenhouse from the vegetable garden. 窄窄的一片草地把温室和菜地隔开了。
[bænd] noun
RANGE 范围
countable
■a particular range of values, numbers, etc. （数值、数目等的）特定范围
• The scheme is devised for young people in the 15 - 20 age band. 该方案是为15至20岁年龄阶段的年轻人所设计的。
[bænd] noun
GROUP 群
countable
■a group of people who share the same interests or beliefs, or who have joined together for a special purpose 一帮人，一群人，一伙人
• The former president still has a small band of supporters. 前总统仍然有一小群支持者。
[bænd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  band together
■to join together as a group in order to be able to do something better 携手；团结，联合
• We decided to band together and organize a protest. 我们决定团结起来共同组织抗议活动。
band, orchestra
这组词都有“乐队”的意思，其区别是：
band: 指主要由铜、木管和打击乐所组成的乐队，主要演奏轻音乐和流行乐曲，与orchestra的主区别在于没有弦乐。
orchestra: 指规模大、最为完整的交响乐队，可演奏各种不同音乐，一般由弦乐、本管乐、铜管乐和打击乐所组成。
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
n. 带；乐队；松紧带；一帮；传送带
 - strip, crowd
vi. 联合；聚焦
 - combine, connect, focus, hand in hand

Word: chromosome
Front: chromosome
[ˈkrəʊməsəʊm] (研宝 9960/6813 -1)
Vocabulary: chromosome
(once / 4992 pages)
n
A chromosome is a strand of DNA that is encoded with genes. In most cells, humans have 22 pairs of these chromosomes plus the two sex chromosomes (XX in females and XY in males) for a total of 46.
The word chromosome was originally coined in German from the Greek words khroma, meaning color, and soma meaning body. In the late 1800s, a scientist, Wilhelm von Waldeyer-Hartz, gave chromosomes their name because chromosomes easily accept dye and take on patterns of light and dark when exposed to different stains that help identify the different chromosomes.
WORD FAMILY
chromosome: chromosomal, chromosomes+/chromosomal: chromosomally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like our hair and skin, our chromosomes show our age.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Only chromosome sequences of zebrafish were aligned while unplaced scaffolds were excluded.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Literary biographies remind us that even the gods are human — primates, like the rest of us, just a few chromosomes away from the sapajous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. <生>染色体
分布：染色体(100%)
→chromo, 颜色。-some, 身体，见somatic, 躯体的。
染色体(chrom+o+some形体)[ehrom=color,表示"颜色"]
染色体(chromo颜色+some身体)[som=body,表示"身体"]
【记】chrom颜色，some体－染色体。参：somatic（adj 肉体的）
US ['kroʊ.mə.soʊm] noun countable
■any of the rod-like structures found in all living cells, containing the chemical patterns which control what an animal or plant is like 染色体
• X and Y chromosomes Ｘ染色体和Ｙ染色体
• sex chromosomes 性染色体
n. [染料] [遗] [细胞] 染色体（形容词chromosomal，副词chromosomally）
 - monosomy, karyosome

Word: driven
Front: driven
[ˈdrɪvn] (9969/11119)
Back: adj. 奋发努力的; 发愤图强的; 受…影响的; 由…造成的
v. 驾驶（drive的过去分词）
分布：受到驱策的(50%)，动词drive的过去分词.(25%)，有动力的(25%)
→来自drive, 驾驶，驱动。
adjective
■describes someone who is so determined to achieve something or be successful that all their behaviour is directed towards this aim 执着的，锲而不舍的；奋发努力的
• Like most of the lawyers that I know, Rachel is driven. 和我认识的大多数律师一样，雷切尔也是非常执着。
adj. [机] 被动的，受到驱策的
 - passive

Word: realist
Front: realist
[ˈri:əlɪst] (9945/10430 -1)
Vocabulary: realist
(once / 3657 pages)
n
Some may say you never expect good things to happen, but maybe you’re just a realist, a person who uses facts and past events, rather than hopeful feelings and wishes, to predict the future.
In art, Realist painters started a movement by depicting the world around them as it actually appeared, rather than painting flattering portraits of unattractive people and scenes too good to be true. You don't have to be an artist to be a realist — just consider limitations and anticipate that things that can go wrong will go wrong. The downside? Realists don't get to dream of the great things that could happen if everything goes right.
WORD FAMILY
realist: realists+/irreality: irrealities/ real: realer, reales, realest, realism, reality, really, realness, reals, reis, unreal/ realism: realisms, realist, realistic, unrealism/ realistic: realistically, unrealistic/ reality: irreality, realities/ really: reallys/unreal: unreality, unreally/unrealism: unrealisms/unrealistic: unrealistically/unreality: unrealities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This, according to a Soviet-born colleague of mine, is the socialist realist recipe.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Under the influence of doctrinaire realists, Obama concluded that the Arab world was not ready for democracy; it needed “strongmen”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
He is a “tough-minded realist” who understands Putin, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 现实主义者，写实主义者; [哲]实在论者，唯实论者
分布：现实主义者(88%)，唯实论者(12%)
→real,真实的，现实的，-ist,人。
US ['ri:.ə-] noun countable
THOUGHT 注重
■someone who hopes for or accepts only what seems possible or likely, and does not hope for or expect more 现实主义者；务实的人；注重实际的人
• I'm a realist - I knew there was no way I could win, so I swam for a good finish, for points. 我是个现实主义者——我知道我根本赢不了，所以我只想着尽可能快地游到终点，拿到积分。
UK ['rɪə.lɪst] US ['ri:.ə-] noun countable
ART 艺术家 specialized
■an artist, writer, etc. who represents life as it really is, rather than in an imagined way 现实主义作家（或艺术家）；写实主义作家（或艺术家）
n. 现实主义者；实在论者
 - actualist

Word: psychiatry
Front: psychiatry
[saɪˈkaɪətri] (研雅 9951/15501 -2)
Vocabulary: psychiatry
(once / 1020 pages)
n
If you study psychiatry, you're studying a branch of medicine helps people with mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. With the correct diagnosis and treatment, psychiatry can help people with mental disorders live healthy and productive lives.
First used in the 19th century, the noun psychiatry originates from the Middle Latin word psychiatria, meaning "a healing of the soul," which traces back to the Greek word psykhe, meaning "mind," and iatreia, meaning "healing, care." Someone who practices psychiatry focuses on healing the soul — or the mind — of those suffering from mental illness. Various treatments include medication and therapy.
WORD FAMILY
psychiatry: psychiatric, psychiatrical, psychiatries, psychiatrist +/ psychiatric: psychiatrically/ psychiatrist: psychiatrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like other movements that seek to challenge the authority of psychiatry’s diagnostic categories, the Hearing Voices Movement is controversial.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“They invest more in their remaining connections,” said Gary Kennedy, director of geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But David Spiegel, a professor of psychiatry at Stanford who is unaffiliated with X2AI, told me that he found their diagnostic capacities promising.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 精神病学; 精神病治疗法
分布：精神病学(100%)
→psych-,精神，灵魂，-iatry,治疗，词源同podiatry.
n.精神病学,精神病疗法He decided to devote himself to the study of psychiatry.他决定投身到精神病学的研究.
noun uncountable
■the part of medicine which studies mental illness 精神病学 Compare psychology

Word: overlap
Front: overlap
[ˌəʊvəˈlæp] (研六托雅宝 8870/6707 -2)
Vocabulary: overlap
(once / 2010 pages)
vn
When things overlap, part or all of one thing covers part or all of the other, like roofing shingles or flat noodles in a lasagna dish.
Not only can things overlap, but schedules can, too. If you accidentally schedule your doctor's appointment and your dentist appointment at the same time, they overlap, which is unfortunate because you can't be in two places at once. Philosophies and perspectives overlap when they share certain points or ideas in common.
WORD FAMILY
overlap: overlapped, overlapping, overlaps+/ overlapping: overlappings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both shows start on Saturday and their transmissions overlap for 25 minutes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He found that, with varied groups working on such efforts, “often they’re parallel, often they overlap, sometimes they may conflict.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“He was kind and always straightforward, which Dad greatly valued, as did I in the few years we overlapped in management at The Times.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重叠部分; 覆盖物，涂盖层; [数]交叠，相交
vt. 重叠; 与…部分相同
vi. 互搭，重叠; 部分相同; [数]有与…共同的某物
时态：overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
分布：重叠(90%)，重复(7%)，重叠部分(2%)，有重叠部分(1%)
→over-,在上，lap,折叠。引申词义重叠。
重叠(over+lap交叉→[大腿]交叉→重叠)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
v.重叠,与...交叠n.重叠His vacation overlaps with mine.他的假期与我的有一部分重叠.
【记】over在…上，lap（n 坐时的大腿前部）一把一条腿放在另一条腿上翘二郎腿一重叠
【参】overlook（v 俯瞰；没注意到）；overpower（v 制服）；overreach（v 走过头）；override（v 制服；践踏）；overriding（adj 最重要的）；overrule（v 驳回；否决）；oversee（v 俯瞰；监视）；overshadow（v 遮蔽；使黯然失色）；overstate（v 夸大的叙述）
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
(-pp-)
intransitive or transitive
■to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space （与…）交叠，（与…）部分重叠，叠盖
• The fence is made of panels which overlap (each other). 这个围栏是由交叠的板条搭成的。
intransitive
■If two or more activities, subjects or periods of time overlap, they have some parts which are the same （活动、课程或时间）互相重叠，有共同之处
• My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all. 我对音乐的喜好和我弟弟完全不一样。
noun countable or uncountable UK [ˈəʊ.və.læp] US [ˈoʊ.və˞-/
■the amount by which two things or activities cover the same area 重叠部分；相同之处
• The roof tiles will need an overlap of several centimetres. 屋顶的瓦片需要互相重叠几公分。
• There are some overlaps between the products of the two companies. 这两家公司的产品有些是相同的。
n. 重叠；重复
 - repeat, segistration

Word: chopper
Front: chopper
[ˈtʃɒpə(r)] (9970/20873 -1)
Back: n. [电子] 斩波器; 斧子，斧头; 切碎机; <俚>直升机
vt. 用直升机运送
vi. 乘直升机飞行
分布：斧头(31%)，摩托车(22%)，切碎机(17%)，砍刀(15%)，一副假牙(10%)，砍劈者(5%)
→来自chop, 砍，剁。
US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
AIRCRAFT 飞机
countable informal for
■ helicopter
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a small axe held in one hand 小斧头
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
TEETH 牙齿
choppers
[plural] slang
■teeth, especially a set of artificial teeth 牙齿；（尤指）一副假牙
UK ['tʃɒp.ər] US ['tʃɑ:.pɚ] noun
PENIS 阴茎
countable UK slang for
■penis 阴茎
n. [电子] 斩波器；斧头； [机] 切碎机
 - oxe, lopper

Word: rehab
Front: rehab
[ˈri:hæb] (9976/-)
Back: n. 修复; 复兴; 恢复名誉; 复职
分布：康复(96%)，修复的房屋(4%)
['ri:.hæb] informal
noun uncountable
■the process of helping someone to stop taking drugs or alcohol （吸毒或酗酒者的）康复治疗，康复训练
• She's just finished four months of rehab. 她刚刚做完四个月的康复治疗。
• a rehab clinic 康复诊所
• After his arrest in 1998, he checked himself into rehab to get over his heroin addiction. 自1998年被捕后，他就主动进行康复治疗来戒掉海洛英毒瘾。
n. 修复（等于rehabilitation）
 - plerosis, restauration
vt. 修复（等于rehabilitate）
 - restore, dress out

Word: chant
Front: chant
[tʃɑ:nt] (中高雅宝 6880/8567 -2)
Vocabulary: chant
(once / 448 pages)
nv
A chant is a type of song with a repetitive, monotonous structure. It’s also something sports fans love to do. At the Olympics, some Americans chant, “USA! USA! USA!”
In addition to being something fans like to yell together, a chant is a traditional form in a lot of religious music. There are Catholic chants, Hindu chants, Jewish chants, and the list goes on. Because of this type of music, “to chant” means “to repeat something in a monotone or repetitive way.” Chants have no harmony or instruments, only a simple rhythm and a lot of repetition.
WORD FAMILY
chant: chanted, chanter, chanting, chantlike, chants+/chanter: chanters/chanting: chantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That dropped the Nittany Lions ’ record to 2-2, and the next week the home fans booed and chanted, “Fire Franklin!”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In early November, nearly 20 protesters who sat, chanted, sang and refused orders to leave were arrested in the building’s judicial wing.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fans in Denver, anticipating his departure, chanted “Kooooobes” with less than a minute left in the game.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 吟颂，咏唱; 反复有节奏地喊叫（或唱等）
n. 咏唱，咏唱的话语
时态：chanted, chanting, chants
分布：圣歌(42%)，吟唱(24%)，赞美诗(9%)，诵扬(8%)，喊叫(6%)，旋律(6%)，叫喊(5%)
→来自kan, 唱，吟，拟声词，词源同cantor, incantation.
【记】chant读：唱他。
US [tʃænt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to repeat or sing a word or phrase continuously, or to sing a religious prayer or song to a simple tune 重复地说（或唱）；反覆吟唱；反覆念诵
• The crowd were chanting the name of their football team. 人群正反覆呼唤着自己足球队的名字。
• Demonstrators chanted anti-government slogans in the square. 示威者在广场上呼喊反政府口号。
• We could hear the monks chanting. 我们听到和尚在念经。
UK [tʃɑ:nt] US [tʃænt] noun countable
■a word or phrase that is repeated many times 反覆说（或吟唱）的词语
• The fans started to sing the familiar football chant, "Here we go, here we go, here we go!". 球迷开始反覆唱那首熟悉的足球歌：Here we go，here we go，here we go！
n. 圣歌；赞美诗
 - spiritual, motet
vt. 唱；诵扬
 - sing
vi. 唱歌；反覆地唱歌
 - sing, descant

Word: judiciary
Front: judiciary
[dʒuˈdɪʃəri] (9959/9209 -2)
Vocabulary: judiciary
(once / 1521 pages)
n
The courts and the people who run them — particularly judges — make up the judiciary. Get caught painting graffiti on the courthouse? You just might find yourself facing the judiciary.
Another way to say judiciary is "judicial system." It's where you go with a legal dispute, whether you're divorcing someone, suing someone, or accusing someone of a crime. The Latin root is judicium, or "judgment," which is exactly the job of the judiciary: to sit in judgment of people by interpreting the law and then applying it.
WORD FAMILY
judiciary: judiciaries+/ judicial: judicially, judiciary
USAGE EXAMPLES
The problem is exacerbated by how much power is concentrated in the presidency, relative to the legislature or to the judiciary.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I expect the parliament not to vote ... on the agreement before the judiciary rules, so that there won’t be any conflict between them,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Council’s Judiciary Committee, said the proposal was unworkable and killed it.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 司法部; （总称）法官，审判官; 司法制度
adj. 法院的，审判员的; 司法的
分布：司法部(32%)，法官(25%)，司法制度(20%)，司法的(11%)，法院的(6%)，法官的(6%)
→来自judicial,司法的，-ary,名词后缀。引申词义司法部，司法系统，司法官等。
法院的n.司法部(judici+ary)[judg,judic=judge,表示"判断"]
US [-ɚ-] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■the part of a country's government which is responsible for its legal system and which consists of all the judges in the country's courts of law （政府的）司法部；司法制度
• a member of the judiciary 司法部成员
n. 司法部；法官；司法制度
 - judge, bands
adj. 司法的；法官的；法院的
 - juridical, forensic

Word: scrub
Front: scrub
[skrʌb] (六托宝 7546/7929 -2)
Vocabulary: scrub
(once / 622 pages)
1vn 2v 3n 4adj
When you scrub something, you wash it forcefully. You might scrub your dirty bathtub with a brush and some bleach, for example.
When you scrub your floor, you use elbow grease — in other words, you work hard to get the floor clean. You might need to scrub your fingernails after a morning working on your car's engine, rubbing with a nail brush to get the grease off. Word experts think that scrub comes from the Middle Low German word schrubben, which also means "to scrub."
WORD FAMILY
scrub: scrubbed, scrubber, scrubbing, scrubby, scrubs+/scrubber: scrubbers/scrubbing: scrubbings/scrubby: scrubbier, scrubbiest, scrubbily, scrubbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I use the grapefruit shower gel, and I’m obsessed with the brown sugar scrub.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I use it to scrub the inside of the toilet.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Cleaning consisted of applying a special solution geared to removing algae and other material, scrubbing the stones, and hosing them off.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力擦洗，刷洗; 取消（原有安排）
vt. 对…不予考虑，取消; 使净化，用力擦洗
n. 灌木丛，矮树丛; 矮小的人; 擦，擦洗
时态：scrubbed, scrubbing, scrubs
分布：用力擦洗(51%)，矮树(38%)，渺小之物(11%)
→来自 shrub 拼写变体，词义由灌木引申为扫帚，刷子，刷洗，擦洗等。比较 broom,扫帚，原 义为灌木。
【记】源于：shrub（n 灌木丛）
verb (-bb-)
CLEAN 清理
intransitive or transitive
■to rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap and water （尤指用硬刷、肥皂和水）擦洗，刷洗
• She scrubbed (at) the mark on the wall for ages, but it wouldn't come off. 她花了很长时间擦洗墙上的印迹，但仍然没有擦掉。
• [+ obj + adj] He scrubbed the old saucepan clean, and it looked as good as new. 他把旧的平底锅擦得很干净，看起来像新的一样。
[skrʌb] verb (-bb-)
STOP 停止
transitive (US usually scratch) informal
■to decide not to do something you had planned to do; cancel 取消（原计划）
• We had to scrub our plans when I lost my job. 我失业了，我们不得不取消计划。
[skrʌb] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  scrub up
■If a doctor scrubs up, they wash their hands and arms very thoroughly before performing a medical operation. （医生在做手术前）仔细擦洗手和手臂
scrub up well UK informal approving
■said about someone when they have made an effort to make their appearance as tidy and pleasant as possible and they look very attractive and stylish 注重仪表，外表光鲜
• Mary scrubs up well. 玛丽总是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。
[skrʌb] noun
PLANTS 植物
uncountable
■(an area of land covered with) short trees and bushes, growing on dry ground of low quality 灌木丛（地带）
[skrʌb] noun
CLEAN 清理
only singular
■when you rub something hard in order to clean it, especially using a stiff brush, soap and water （尤指用硬刷、肥皂和水）擦洗，刷洗
• Children, give your hands a good scrub and come and get your dinner! 孩子们，把手洗干净，然后来吃饭！
scrub, clear, clean, dust, wipe, mop, sweep
这组词都有“使干净”的意思，其区别是：
scrub: 指用硬刷、肥皂或水用力地擦洗某物。
clear: 指清除不要的东西。
clean: 是这些动词中最常用的词，指将某物或某处的污物等清除掉，弄干净。
dust: 指将积落在物体表面的尘土抹去、掸掉或擦去以保干净。
wipe: 多指用布、纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。
mop: 侧重指用拖把擦洗地板，有时也指擦干净或擦去。
sweep: 指用扫帚等进行清扫，也用作比喻。
n. 矮树；洗擦；擦洗者；矮小的人（或物）
 - small, scouring
vt. 用力擦洗；使净化
 - depurate
adj. 矮小的；临时凑合的；次等的
 - dwarfish, runty

Word: analog
Front: analog
['ænəlɔ:g] (9985/-)
Vocabulary: analog
(once / 10894 pages)
1n 2adj
Analog is the opposite of digital. Any technology, such as vinyl records or clocks with hands and faces, that doesn't break everything down into binary code to work is analog. Analog, you might say, is strictly old school.
The original definition of analog is something that is similar to something else; the two are said to be analogous. In technological terms, it means something that has an output that's proportional or similar to its input — usually a voltage. Anything digital is the exact opposite: whatever comes out the other end bears no relationship to the soup of binary code that goes in. The word can also be spelled analogue.
WORD FAMILY
analog: analogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s an old-school analog to “ghost” on the banished words list.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Cocktail culture is analog, and analog, we read, is again cool.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While some audiophiles swear analog recordings on vinyl deliver superior sound than digital formats, others say the human ear can’t distinguish between the two.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 类似物，同源语; <电脑>模拟
adj. （钟表）有长短针的; <电脑>模拟的
分布：模拟的(72%)，类比的(28%)
n. [自] 模拟；类似物
 - simulation, similar
adj. [自] 模拟的；有长短针的
 - simulated

Word: espouse
Front: espouse
[ɪˈspaʊz] (宝 9966/11682 -1)
Vocabulary: espouse
(once / 1387 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb espouse to describe the actions of someone who lives according to specific beliefs, such as your friends who espouse environmentalism and as a result walk whenever possible instead of taking the car.
You can see the word spouse in espouse, so you may be wondering what husbands and wives have to do with it. Originally espouse did mean "to marry," but its meaning has evolved to include other long-term commitments as well, such as support for a principle or a cause. Similar to marriage, if you espouse a belief system, the idea is that you've chosen to wed yourself to it.
WORD FAMILY
espouse: espousal, espoused, espouses, espousing+/ espousal: espousals
USAGE EXAMPLES
While coaches like to espouse “Next Man Up,’’ there’s a reason some players are paid one heck of a lot more than others.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A new voice of authority joined the chorus espousing the inevitable need of Indiana’s crumbling road infrastructure.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On the campaign trail, Donald Trump initially wavered when called to reject the group or its espoused values, refusing to immediately condemn it.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 拥护; 赞助; 嫁娶
时态：espoused, espousing, espouses
分布：支持(65%)，嫁娶(19%)，赞成(16%)
→e-, 缓音字母。spouse, 配偶。比喻义相互扶持，相互支持。
【记】spouse（n 配偶）读：死抱死－死也要抱着死，太令人感动了，一对苦命的鸳鸯
【参】espousal（n 订婚；拥护）
【反】abjure（vt 公开发誓放弃）；repudiate（v 批判）
[es'paʊz] formal
verb transitive
■to become involved with or support an activity or opinion 投身（活动）；支持，拥护（观点）
• Vegetarianism is one cause she does not espouse. 她并不赞成素食主义。
vt. 支持；嫁娶；赞成；信奉
 - encourage, second, back, agree, carry

Word: showdown
Front: showdown
[ˈʃəʊdaʊn] (9973/15319 -1)
Back: n. 摊牌; 一决胜负; 紧要关头
分布：摊牌(98%)，最后的胜负对决(2%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
■an important argument which is intended to end a disagreement that has existed for a long time 决定胜负的大辩论；摊牌
• The President is preparing for a showdown with his advisers over his plans to reform the economy. 总统正在作准备，打算就他的经济改革计划和资政顾问们进行最后的放手一搏。
• Millions of dollars were spent on lawyers in a courtroom showdown between the two companies. 两家公司在法庭的最后一战光在律师身上就花了数百万美元。
n. 摊牌；紧要关头；最后一决胜负
 - tight spot, tight corner

Word: lame
Front: lame
[leɪm] (高研四六雅 9982/11787 -1)
Vocabulary: lame
(once / 507 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3n 4n
You might describe a limping dog that's lost the use of one of its legs as lame, which means "disabled in a leg or foot."
It's less common than describing injured animals as lame, but you can use this adjective to describe a limping person too. Lame is probably most often used to mean generally weak or pathetic. If your friend threw a Frisbee in your direction and it landed several feet in front of you, you might say, "What a lame throw!"
WORD FAMILY
lame: lamed, lamely, lameness, lamer, lames, lamest, laming+/lameness: lamenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Russian embassy in London tweeted a sarcastic picture of a duck with the word “lame” written on it.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The last text message I received from Tig said, “Not lame at all xx.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
After several prods, the lame duck still didn’t keep up, so a helper tucked it under an arm.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 跛的，瘸的; 僵痛的; 差劲的，无说服力的; 蹩脚的
vi. 变跛
vt. 使跛，使残废; 把…弄残废
n. （金属）薄板，薄片; （古代护身甲上的）重叠金属片
时态：lamed, laming, lames
分布：跛足的(54%)，无说服力的(25%)，金属薄板(14%)，使 ... 成残废(7%)
→来自lem,击，打，词源同lam,lambaste.引申词义打跛，跛的。lame 金银锦缎
a.跛的,(辩解,论据等)无说服力的The shameless lame man is to blame for the flaming frame.无耻的跛子应为燃烧的框架负责.
adjective
UNABLE TO WALK 无法行走的
■(especially of animals) not able to walk correctly because of physical injury to or weakness in the legs or feet （尤指动物）瘸的，一瘸一拐的
[leɪm] adjective
NOT SATISFACTORY 不令人满意的
■(especially of an excuse or argument) weak and unsatisfactory （尤指借口或论据）站不住脚的，无说服力的
• a lame excuse 站不住脚的借口
cripple, lame
这组词都有“使跛，使残废”的意思，其区别是：
cripple: 正式用词，语气较强。多指因伤、体弱或疾病等所导致的永久性残废，常为肢体不全，行走不便，甚至移动身体也困难。
lame: 普通用词，指因受伤或本身的生理缺陷而使人的身体致残，着重行走时的不便。
adj. 跛足的；僵痛的；不完全的；无说服力的
 - incomplete, half
vi. 变跛
 - founder
vt. 使跛；使成残废
 - cripple

Word: scientifically
Front: scientifically
[ˌsaɪən'tɪfɪklɪ] (9981/14241)
Back: adv. 合乎科学地
分布：科学地(50%)，系统地(50%)
ADJ
科学上的;关于某一科学的
Scientific is used to describe things that relate to science or to a particular science.
例：Scientific research is widely claimed to be the source of the high standard of living in the US.科学研究被普遍认为是美国高生活水准的源泉。
例：...the use of animals in scientific experiments.将动物用于科学实验
ADJ-GRADED
细致严谨的;使用科学方法的
If you do something in a scientific way, you do it carefully and thoroughly, using experiments or tests.
例：It's not a scientific way to test their opinions.用这个方法来测试他们的意见不科学。
例：...the scientific study of capitalist development.对资本主义发展细致严谨的研究
adv. 系统地；合乎科学地；学问上
 - systematacially

Word: re-establish
Front: re-establish
[,ri:i'stæbliʃ] None
Back: vt. 重建; 重新建立; 恢复; 重新安置
时态：re-established, re-establishing, re-establishes
分布：重建(95%)，重新建立 2(5%)
vt. 重建；恢复；重新安置
 - restore, repair, rebuild

Word: graveyard
Front: graveyard
[ˈgreɪvjɑ:d] (9979/9850 -1)
Back: n. 墓地
分布：墓地(99%)，废弃场地(1%)
US [-jɑ:rd] noun countable
■a place, often next to a church where dead people are buried 墓地；坟场
n. 墓地
 - cemetery, boneyard

Word: midtown
Front: midtown
[ˈmɪdtaʊn] (9991/-)
Back: adj. 市中心区的，位于市中心区的
n. 市中心区（商业区和住宅区的中间地）
分布：市中心区的(67%)，位于市中心区的(33%)
n. 市中心区；商业区和住宅区的中间地区
 - urban center, downtown

Word: journalistic
Front: journalistic
[ˌdʒɜ:nəˈlɪstɪk] (托 9983/14929)
Vocabulary: journalistic
(once / 2915 pages)
adj
Journalistic things have to do with writing or reporting about the news. Most journalistic stories are found in newspapers or magazines, or on news-related websites.
Years ago, a journalistic job would probably be writing for a daily newspaper, or possibly reading the news over the radio. Today a journalistic career could include writing articles for various online news sites or taking photographs of current events for a magazine, or even recording an interview for a podcast. Most journalistic work is done by journalists, meaning "writers or broadcasters of the news."
WORD FAMILY
journalistic: journalistically+/ journalism: journalisms, journalist, journalistic / journalist: journalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others see a larger effort to slander the basic journalistic function of fact-checking.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The article was light in its journalistic qualities and the "quirky" use of the comedians for the photos seemed gratuitous.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Then employers wanted to pay me to do film breakdowns rather than more journalistic pieces, so I followed the money.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 新闻工作者的; 新闻业的
分布：新闻业的(100%)
ADJ
新闻业的；新闻工作（者）的；新闻记者创作的
Journalistic means relating to journalism, or produced by or typical of a journalist.
例：He began his journalistic career in the early eighties in Australia.他在80年代早期开始在澳大利亚从事新闻工作。
例：...journalistic descriptions of countries she visited.对她到访过的国家的新闻记述

Word: improvisation
Front: improvisation
[ˌɪmprəvaɪ'zeɪʃn] (9952/15361)
Vocabulary: improvisation
(once / 5925 pages)
n
Improvisation is making it up as you go along, like taking a long stroll with no destination in mind and walking down random streets for the fun of it.
Making choices that aren’t planned ahead of time, that’s improvisation. Jazz musicians are masters of improvisation, creating saxophone solos off the top of their heads based on what they feel in the moment. The Latin word improvisus means “unforeseen,” and improvisation happens when you can’t see the end goal but you keep moving ahead, dealing with obstacles in a creative way.
WORD FAMILY
improvisation: improvisations+/ improvise: improvisation, improvised, improvises, improvising
USAGE EXAMPLES
He received the title of Court Composer from the Elector of Saxony and, on a visit to Berlin, astonished Frederick the Great with his improvisations.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“There are distinct vocal challenges, both in range and improvisation.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Maduro’s latest economic experiment and the apparent improvisation tested the patience of many Venezuelans.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 即兴创作，即兴演说; 即兴作品; 急就章
分布：即兴创作(83%)，即席演奏(17%)
US [ɪmˌprɑ:.vɪ'-] noun countable or uncountable
■a performance which an actor, musician, etc. has not practiced or planned （演员）即兴表演；（音乐家）即兴创作
• a blues/jazz improvisation 即兴演奏的蓝调／爵士乐
• There are classes in movement, dance and improvisation. 有音乐、舞蹈和即兴表演方面的课程。
■when you make or do something with whatever is available at the time 临时凑合的事物（表示当下可用的事物）
• I'm afraid we don't have all the necessary equipment, so a little improvisation might be required. 恐怕我们的必需设备不全，所以我们可能需要把东西临时凑合一下。

Word: iceberg
Front: iceberg
[ˈaɪsbɜ:g] (托 9987/11370 -1)
Vocabulary: iceberg
(once / 1981 pages)
1n 2n
An iceberg is a huge chunk of ice that breaks off of a glacier and floats around the ocean. Most of an iceberg is under water and can't be seen; that's how a sneaky iceberg managed to sink the Titanic.
Icebergs exist in the coldest waters on the planet — the largest icebergs ever observed have been in Antarctica. An iceberg is blamed in the famous sinking of the Titanic in 1912, and the disaster inspired a new system for tracking and measuring icebergs. Another kind of iceberg is the lettuce, which is crisp and nearly as pale as an actual iceberg. The colloquial "tip of the iceberg" means the smallest hint of a much larger problem.
WORD FAMILY
iceberg: icebergs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were all almost entirely buried, with only the tops visible, like stone icebergs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
These were, the report said, “merely the tip of the iceberg.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
THE Arctic, and its images of icebergs and the Inuit people, are in trouble.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 冰山; （事物全貌的）一小部分; 冷若冰霜的人
分布：冰山(99%)，冷若冰霜的人(1%)
→ice,冰，berg,山，城堡。
US [-bɝ:g] noun countable
■a very large mass of ice that floats in the sea 冰山
n. [地理] 冰山；显露部分
 - Berg, floeberg

Word: rodent
Front: rodent
[ˈrəʊdnt] (托 9980/12538 -1)
Vocabulary: rodent
(once / 5191 pages)
n
A rodent is a small furry mammal whose teeth never stop growing. The rodent species includes mice, rats, squirrels, beaver, and many more.
Mice are known for their shyness, and lemmings are tragically famous for their supposed mass suicides when their populations exceed food supplies, but when you call someone a rodent, it's an insult. It's akin to calling them a rat. You're suggesting they eat garbage, live in sewers and stand for all that is dirty and vile.
WORD FAMILY
rodent: rodents
USAGE EXAMPLES
It shows that, in rodents at least, strenuous exercise seems to beneficially change how certain genes work inside the brain.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
There the inmates shouted and wailed through the night, he said, and the place was thick with rodents.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then the researchers put all the rodents on a diet.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. [动]啮齿目动物
adj. 咬的，嚼的; <动>啮齿目的; [医]侵蚀性的
分布：啮齿动物(95%)，啮齿目的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 Rodentia,啮齿动物目，来自拉丁语 rodere,咬，啃，来自 red,咬，抓，刮，词 源同 rat,raze,eraser.
啮齿动物(rao+ent,咬东西的动物)"[rod,ros=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】rod咬，dent牙－用牙咬的动物－啮齿动物
【参】erode（v 侵蚀）；corrode（v 腐蚀）
US ['roʊ-] noun countable
■any of various small mammals with large sharp front teeth, such as mice and rats 啮齿动物（如老鼠等）
adj. [脊椎] 啮齿类的；咬的，嚼的；侵蚀性的
 - corrosive, erosive
n. [脊椎] 啮齿动物
 - gnawer

Word: markedly
Front: markedly
['mɑ:kɪdlɪ] (托 9965/7147)
Vocabulary: markedly
(once / 3344 pages)
adv
If something happens in a significant way or to a great degree, you can say it occurs markedly. If the price of milk rises markedly, you'll notice it the next time you're grocery shopping.
When the acting on your favorite bad TV show improves markedly, you might guess that all the actors took acting lessons over the summer. And if the speed limit in your city is markedly lowered, you'll feel a lot safer riding your bike around town. The adverb markedly comes from marked and its sense of "having a mark," from the Old English mearc, "sign or mark."
WORD FAMILY
marked: markedly, unmarked+/ mark: marked, marker, marking, marks/ marker: markers/marking: markings/unmarked: unmarkedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she says his mornings are markedly better — and he gets to school on time.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Heart attacks, cardiac arrest, and heart failure are in fact markedly different entities.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
And some big funds did perform markedly better in the weeks around the unexpected election of Donald Trump.
Economist(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adv. 显著地; 引人注目地
分布：明显地(44%)，显著地(42%)，醒目地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
（改变或区别）显著的，显而易见的
A marked change or difference is very obvious and easily noticed.
例：There has been a marked increase in crimes against property...侵财案件明显增加了。
例：He was a man of austere habits, in marked contrast to his more flamboyant wife...他处事严谨，与他爱张扬的妻子形成了鲜明的对比。
ADJ
成为攻击对象的;处境危险的
If you describe someone as a marked man or woman, you mean that they are in danger from someone who wants to harm or kill them.
例：All he needs to do is make one phone call and I'm a marked man.他只消打一个电话，我就大难临头了。
adv. 明显地；显著地；引人注目地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, remarkably, dramatically

Word: mike
Front: mike
[maɪk] (8754/2108 -1)
Back: vt. 通过话筒传送
n. (=microphone)<口>话筒，扩音器
分布：麦克风(57%)，扩音器(26%)，用扩音器传送(17%)
(US also mic) [maɪk] noun countable informal for
■ microphone
n. 扩音器，麦克风；话筒
 - microphone, amplifier

Word: yeast
Front: yeast
[ji:st] (六宝 10001/10572)
Vocabulary: yeast
(once / 1955 pages)
n
Bakers use yeast to turn flat, sticky dough into tall, fluffy bread. The yeast interacts with sugar and fills the bread with pockets of air as it bakes.
When you buy yeast for baking cinnamon rolls or rye bread at home, it comes in a small packet and looks like little brownish grains. The first step in using yeast is often mixing it with warm water and a little sugar. When yeast is active, or alive, the mixture quickly becomes bubbly and foamy. Yeast is also used in brewing beer and wine. The word yeast comes from a Germanic root — the German word Gischt, or "froth," is closely related.
WORD FAMILY
yeast: yeastlike, yeasts, yeasty+/yeasty: yeastier, yeastiest, yeastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The journey starts with grapes, which contain sugars on the inside and yeast on the skin.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Disgorgement After the wine is fermented and bottled, a little sweetness and yeast are added to the bottle before it is sealed.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
San Diego-based White Labs, which manufactures yeast for brewers, opened a production facility last year in Copenhagen to serve its European customers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 酵母（菌）; 酵母粉，酵母饼，酵母片; 泡，泡沫; 动乱，激动
vi. 发酵; 起泡沫
分布：酵母(80%)，发酵(18%)，发酵剂(1%)，起泡沫(1%)
→来自yes,涌出，冒泡，用于指发酵，酵母，词源同juice,zymurgy.
【记】y，east（adj 东方的），像东方的太阳一样升起－发酵的感觉
noun countable or uncountable
■a type of fungus which is used in making alcoholic drinks such as beer and wine, and for making bread swell and become light 酵母；酵母菌
• dried/fresh yeast 干／新鲜酵母
• yeast extract 酵母精
n. [微] 酵母；泡沫；酵母片；引起骚动因素
 - bubble, foam

Word: powdered
Front: powdered
[ˈpaʊdəd] (9968/14838 -1)
Back: adj. 变成粉的; 涂了粉的; 〈美俚〉喝醉了的
v. “powder”的过去式和过去分词
分布：弄成粉末状的(34%)，研成粉末的(33%)，动词powder的过去式和过去分词形式.(33%)
US [-dɚd] adjective
■in the form of a powder or covered with a powder 粉状的，擦上粉的
• Shall I put some powdered milk in your coffee? 要不要我在你的咖啡里加点奶粉？
• Her face was heavily powdered. 她脸上擦了很厚的粉。
v. 使成粉末（powder的过去分词）；撒粉；搽粉
 - comminuted

Word: thy
Front: thy
[ðaɪ] (10004/7120 -1)
Back: pron. （旧式用法）你的(thou的所有格)
级别：thier, thyest
分布：形容词(88%)，名词(12%)
old use
determiner
■your; used when speaking to one person 你的

Word: alert
Front: alert
[əˈlɜ:t] (研四六托宝 5318/4966 -3)
Vocabulary: alert
(once / 290 pages)
1vn 2adj
Alert! Alert! Alert! Did I get your attention? When you are alert, you are awake and ready. When you issue an alert you give warning, alerting people to, or notifying them of, a concern.
Alert is one of the rare words that can be used in the same form as a noun, verb, and adjective. In all parts of speech, alert implies preparedness. The word is derived from the French a l'erte which translates to "on the watch." When you hear the word, imagine an alarm going off. The alarm is the alert. When you hear it, you have been alerted and you are now alert.
WORD FAMILY
alert: alerted, alerter, alerting, alertly, alertness, alerts, unalert+/alertness: alertnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunwing’s gate agents found the pilot’s behavior to be unusual and alerted the co-pilot.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Smarter Applications is launching a fridge webcam at CES that alerts owners to when food nears its expiry date.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Spoiler alert: this recap contains spoilers to the Sherlock episode The Six Thatchers, which aired on 1 January 2017.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 警觉的，警惕的，注意的; 思维敏捷的; 活泼的
n. 警报; 警戒状态
vt. 向…报警
时态：alerted, alerting, alerts
分布：警报(42%)，警惕(38%)，警戒(12%)，警觉的(5%)，使意识到(2%)，灵敏的(1%)
→来自意大利语all’erta. -erta, 同 erect，竖直。即全部到城墙上守城。
警惕的(al+ert站直了看→警惕的)[ert=erect(直)]
a.机警的,警觉的;机灵的vt.使...警觉The assessor asserts that he inserted the deserted desserts in the desert with alert.估价人认定他用警惕把被抛弃的甜点心插入沙漠中.
【记】玩过RED ALERT《红色警报》的朋友一定对该词深有感触，对于没玩过的，我只能说—你人生不完整。
US [-'lɝ:t] adjective
 ADVANCED
■quick to see, understand and act in a particular situation 机警的，机敏的，敏捷的
• I'm not feeling very alert today - not enough sleep last night! 今天我感觉特别迟钝——昨晚没睡好！
• A couple of alert readers wrote in to the paper pointing out the mistake. 有几个眼尖的读者给报社写信，指出了这个错误。
• Parents should be alert to sudden changes in children's behaviour. 父母应该对孩子行为的突然变化有所警觉。
UK [ə'lɜ:t] US [-'lɝ:t] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a warning to people to be prepared to deal with something dangerous 警报
• a bomb alert 炸弹警报
• The army was put on (full) alert as the peace talks began to fail. 当和谈快要破裂的时候，军队进入（全面）戒备状态。
• The public were warned to be on the alert for (= watching carefully for) suspicious packages. 有关部门提醒公众，要对可疑包裹加以警惕。
UK [ə'lɜ:t] US [-'lɝ:t] verb transitive
■to warn someone of a possibly dangerous situation 使警觉，使警惕；向…发出警报
• An anonymous letter alerted police to the possibility of a terrorist attack at the airport. 有人给警方写了一封匿名信，警告机场可能会受到恐怖袭击。
cautious, considerate, alert
这组词都有“小心的，谨慎的”的意思，其区别是：
cautious: a.细心的，谨慎的。
 • He has a cautious attitude about spending money.   在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。
considerate: a.关心他人的，体贴的。
 • He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.   他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。
alert: a.警惕的，留神的。
 • The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.   女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。
vt. 警告；使警觉，使意识到
 - alarm, warn
adj. [军] 警惕的，警觉的；留心的
 - vigilant, precautious
n. [军] 警戒，警惕；警报
 - guard, vigilance

Word: thump
Front: thump
[θʌmp] (托 9995/8054 -1)
Vocabulary: thump
(once / 931 pages)
1nv 2v
A thump is a hard, thudding sound, or an equally hard hit or blow, like the thump your older brother gives you when you embarrass him in front of his friends.
If you drop your backpack full of books it'll make a thump as it hits the floor. And, if your friend starts to choke on his lemonade at lunch, you might want to give him a thump on the back. You can also thump enthusiastically on a drum. Thump is an imitative word, one that mimics the sound of hitting something heavily. It dates from the sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thump: thumped, thumping, thumps+/thumping: thumpingly, thumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a perfect opportunity for the Seahawks to deliver a classic thumping.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Seminoles are at home next Saturday against Virginia Tech, which thumped No. 5 Duke 89-75 on Saturday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Washington walked off the field on Jan. 1, 1992, after thumping Michigan 34-14 in the Rose Bowl, assuring itself a share of the national title.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 重击，捶击; 步履沉重地走; （心脏等）扑扑地跳; 砰地撞到
n. 砰的重击声; 重击，捶击; （电话中的）电报噪音; [无线]键击噪音
时态：thumped, thumping, thumps
分布：重击(56%)，重打(12%)，重击声(12%)，用拳头打(10%)，怦怦跳(5%)，猛击(5%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit someone with your fist (= closed hand) or to hit something and cause a noise 重击，捶击
• He thumped him in the face. 他一拳狠狠打在他的脸上。
• He thumped on the door but nobody came. 他使劲敲门，但没人来应。
sb's head thumps
■If your head thumps, you can eel pain in strong beats in your head （某人）头痛欲裂
• When I woke up my mouth was dry and my head was thumping. 我醒来时口干舌燥、头痛欲裂。
sb's heart thumps
■If your heart thumps, it beats more strongly and quickly than usual, because of exercise, fear or excitement （某人）心怦怦直跳
• She stood outside his room, her heart thumping. 她站在他的房门外，心怦怦直跳。
[θʌmp] noun countable usually singular
■when you thump someone or something 重击，捶击
• If he does that again I'm going to give him a thump (= hit him with my closed hand). 如果他再那样做，我要好好捶他一顿。
■when something falls heavily, or the sound this makes 砰然落下，或物体落下的声音
• She fell to the floor with a thump. 她重重地摔倒在地上。
vt. 重击；用拳头打；砰地撞到
 - pound on, gang bang
vi. 重击；狠打；砰然地响
 - pound on, gang bang
n. 重打；重击声
 - pound

Word: parrot
Front: parrot
[ˈpærət] (高托 9988/8676 -1)
Vocabulary: parrot
(once / 893 pages)
nv
A parrot is a brightly colored tropical bird with a distinctly loud voice. If you see someone calling a colorful bird "Polly" and asking it if it wants a cracker, that's a parrot.
Parrots are popular pets because many of them have the ability to mimic sounds they hear, sometimes including human speech. In fact, this skill has led to a secondary meaning of the word parrot, "mimic mindlessly." You could say, for example, "I'm not going to just parrot everything the teacher says — I'm no parrot." The origin of the word is uncertain, although we know that before parrot, this bird was called a popinjay.
WORD FAMILY
parrot: parroted, parroting, parrotlike, parrots, parrotted, parrotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rest of the show featured acrobats, balloon shapes and a parrot.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Meet Obi, a Pacific parrot at Stanford University trained to fly through laser beams.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
So let us introduce you to Obi, a Pacific parrot at Stanford University trained to fly through laser beams.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 鹦鹉; 应声虫，学舌者; 机械模仿别人的人
vt. 机械地重复; 随声附和; 死背; 做…的应声虫
时态：parroted, parroting, parrots
分布：鹦鹉(93%)，学舌(5%)，盲目重复或模仿他人行为的人(1%)，盲目重复或模仿(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自法语方言Pierre,人名Peter的法语形式。比较parakeet,petrel.由于该鸟学人说话的习惯，也用于形容人鹦鹉学舌。
【记】par怕，rot腐烂：怕自己的嘴腐烂就应该学舌－流水不腐。
US ['per-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a tropical bird with a curved beak, which is often kept as a pet and can be trained to copy the human voice 鹦鹉
UK ['pær.ət] US ['per-] verb transitive disapproving
■to repeat exactly what someone else says, without understanding it or thinking about its meaning 鹦鹉学舌般地复述，机械地复述
• She doesn't have an original thought in her head - she just parrots anything that Sara says. 她脑子里没有甚么自己的见解，她只会机械地重复萨拉所说的每句话。
n. [鸟] 鹦鹉；学舌者，应声虫；机械模仿别人的人
 - Nuri, popinjay

Word: divinity
Vocabulary: divinity
(once / 530 pages)
1n 2n
A divinity is a religious being, like a god or angel. It's also a word for the study of religion, which is studied at divinity school.
If you know the word divine means holy or sacred, then you have a clue to the meaning of divinity, which can be a god or other religious being. Anything very holy is full of divinity. Divinity is also the subject of religion itself: divinity students are studying theology. But if you're not into religion, don't worry — you can still enjoy divinity, a type of white, creamy fudge made with egg whites that probably goes well with angel food cake.
WORD FAMILY
divinity: divinities+/ divination: divinations/ divine: divination, divinatory, divined, divinely, diviner, divines, divinest, divining, diviningly, divinity /diviner: diviners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Admitted to the University of Chicago Divinity School, he became intrigued by the scientific rationalism propounded by Henry Nelson Wieman, an influential liberal theologian there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There also are small abstract paintings — and lots of gold leaf, symbolic of divinity in many cultures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)

Word: traction
Front: traction
[ˈtrækʃn] (托雅 9977/15310 -1)
Vocabulary: traction
(once / 3858 pages)
1n 2n
In medicine, traction is the act of pulling on bones or limbs in a certain way to help with healing. An arm in traction is temporarily tied up, but it is probably on the mend.
A person in traction is presently immobile, but traction can also be used to describe the state of an object being pulled, or the friction between that object and the surface it is pulled across. Traction can also refer to something or someone that has picked up movement, like an idea or a candidate. If your idea for chocolate covered onions has gained traction, it is becoming popular; if it has lost traction, people have come to their senses.
WORD FAMILY
traction: tractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Would he get the same traction as this guy? The answer, in my opinion, is no.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
None of these shortcomings detract from what is a fascinating work of revisited history with all the narrative traction of a good mystery.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s understandable why the Mozart story would gain traction.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 拖拉; 牵引力; 附着摩擦力
分布：牵引(80%)，牵引力(19%)，附着磨擦力(1%)
→来自拉丁语 trahere,拖，拉，使移动，词源同 drag,tract.-ct,过去分词格，-ion,表名词。引申词 义牵引，牵引力。
noun uncountable
WHEEL/TYRE 车轮／轮胎
■the ability of a wheel or tyre to hold the ground without sliding （车轮或轮胎对地面的）附着摩擦力
• In deep snow, people should use snow tyres on their vehicles to give them better traction. 在积雪深厚的地方，人们应该给车子装上雪地轮胎以增强轮胎的附着摩擦力。
['træk.ʃən] noun uncountable
PULLING 牵引 specialized
■the pulling of a heavy load over a surface, or the power used in this 拖拉，牵引；牵引力
• steam traction 蒸汽牵引
■specialized
■a form of medical treatment which involves using special equipment to pull gently an injured part of the body, especially an arm or leg, for a long period of time （尤指对胳膊或腿部的）牵引（疗法）
• After her hip operation poor Mira was in/on traction for six weeks. 髋部手术后，可怜的米拉做了六个星期牵引治疗。
n. [车辆] [机] [外科] 牵引；牵引力
 - drawing, hauling power

Word: minute
Front: minute
['mɪnɪt] (中高托雅 308/348 -K1)
Vocabulary: minute
(once / 24 pages)
1n 2adj 3n 4n
Craftsmen can paint whole villages or detailed portraits of people on a grain of rice using minute, or tiny, paintbrushes. Often the works of art are so minute that you can only see them with a magnifying glass.
Minutus is the Latin word for "small," and it gave rise to both the adjective minute (my-NOOT), or incredibly small, and the noun minute (MIN-it), or 60 seconds of time. Though they are pronounced differently, both words refer to small measurements. An object can be minute, like a flea compared with its dog, and less concrete things can be minute, like your minute chance of winning the lottery. A minute freckle on the side of your nose is a minute detail of your whole face.
WORD FAMILY
minute: minutely, minuteness, minuter, minutes, minutest+/minuteness: minutenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s 21 unanswered Penn State points in less than three minutes, and the Trojans seemed done.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This was more a story of resilience, of surviving a nightmarish third quarter and finding some kind of resolve in the closing minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
USC trailed 49-35 with nine minutes to play, but persevered to win one of the greatest Rose Bowls of all time.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 分，分钟; 瞬间，片刻; 备忘录; 会议记录
vt. 把…记录在案; 为…测定时间
分布：分钟(87%)，微小的(5%)，会议记录(3%)，片刻(2%)，记录(2%)，仔细的(1%)
→来自拉丁语minutus,小的，少的，来自mei,小的，词源同minus,minimum.分钟义来自拉丁短语pars minuta prima,即prime minute part,最初被数学家用于指圈的1/60，后用于指小时的1/60，即1分钟。秒second来自拉丁短语secunda minuta,即second minute,第二个1/60，即1秒钟。minute 极小的，微小的，会议记录
一分钟a.微小的,细微的(min+ute)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
n.分钟,片刻;(pl.)会议记录a.微小的,微细的The maximum plus or minus the minimum makes minute difference.最大值加上或者减去最小值只产生极小的差异.
US [-'nu:t] adjective
■extremely small 微小的，极小的
• a minute amount/quantity 微量／少量
• I've never seen a man with such tiny hands - they're minute! 我从没见过手长得这么小的男人——他的手太小了！
• The documentary showed an eye operation in minute detail (= showing every small detail). 这部纪录片纤毫毕现地展示了一次眼科手术的过程。
minute, moment, instant
这组词都有“瞬间、片刻”的意思，其区别是：
minute: 指极短的时间，但可觉察到时间的持续。
moment: 较minute所表示的时间短，指一刹那或一段很短时间。有时也含持续的意味。
instant: 常与moment换用，指一瞬间，但更侧重时间短促，多用于表示紧迫、瞬变等情况。
minute, tiny, little, small, miniature
这组词都有“小的”的意思，其区别是：
minute: 指小得难看见，有时需用显微镜才看得见。
tiny: 强调与同类或其他物体比较，小得超出正常比例，有时带强烈的感情色彩。
little: 指在体积、数量、距离、年龄、身材等方面比正常的小，多带主观感情色彩，含小而可爱或小巧的意味。
small: 多指数量、面积、体积、价值、数字或意义等的小或少，指略小于正常的大小。
miniature: 指由正常体积微缩的物体。
n. [计量] [数] 分，分钟；片刻，一会儿；备忘录，笔记；会议记录
 - cent, moments, note, while, penny
adj. 微小的，详细的
 - tiny, strict, micro, detailed, particular

Word: tempo
Front: tempo
[ˈtempəʊ] (研六雅宝 9998/10260 -1)
Vocabulary: tempo
(once / 3175 pages)
n
If no one is dancing at your party, you probably want to put on some music with a faster tempo — meaning a faster speed.
The word tempo came into English by way of Italian, tracing all the way back to the Latin word tempus, meaning time. It was originally used to describe the timing of music, or the speed at which a piece of music is played. For example, a soothing song would be described as a slow tempo song. Tempo is still used in this way to describe music, but you’ll also hear it used to refer to pace or speed in general, as in — "the increased tempo at the end of a close basketball game" or "the slow tempo of action in a novel."
WORD FAMILY
tempo: tempi, tempos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Em Tempo newspaper reported that several decapitated bodies were thrown over the prison wall.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In “Vision,” he adopts a slower, more deliberate tempo and constructs a weighty, imposing structure that builds in intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s very important because it helps us control the tempo moving forward,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [乐]速度，拍子; （运动或活动的）速度，进度; （下棋的）一着，一步
分布：节奏(84%)，拍子(11%)，速率(5%)
→来自意大利语 tempo,节拍，拍子，来自拉丁语 tempus,时间，词源同 temporal.
(音乐)拍子;速度(tempo+时间→按时间[快慢]做→速度;拍子)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
节拍;速度(temp时间＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
n.节奏,行进速度;(音乐的)速度Because of the temperature tempo, I temporarily lost temper to my contemporary in the temple.由于温度进度的原因,我在庙里一时地同代人发了脾气.
【记】tem＝time，po：音乐时间－节拍
【参】temporal（adj 时间的；世俗的）；temporary（adj 暂时的）
US [-poʊ] (plural tempos or specialized tempi)
noun countable
■the speed at which an event happens （事情发展的）节奏；步调
• We're going to have to up the tempo (= work faster) if we're to finish on time. 如果我们想如期完成的话，我们必须加快工作进度。
countable or uncountable specialized
■the speed at which a piece of music is played （音乐的）速度，节奏
• a change in tempo 节奏的变化
n. 速度，发展速度；拍子
 - speed, rate, beat

Word: enrichment
Front: enrichment
[ɪn'rɪtʃmənt] (10003/12512)
Vocabulary: enrichment
(once / 3692 pages)
n
Enrichment makes something more meaningful, substantial, or rewarding. Enrichment improves something.
Riches are valuable things, such as money, jewels, and gold. Similarly, enrichment is when something is made more valuable. A reading enrichment program improves education. When vitamins or nutrients are added to food, that's enrichment because it makes the food healthier. All types of enrichment are improvements; they leave things better than they were before. You can also say such enrichment has enriched your life.
WORD FAMILY
enrichment: enrichments+/ enrich: enriched, enriches, enriching, enrichment / rich: enrich, richer, richest, richly, richness / richness: richnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 2015 nuclear deal saw sanctions lifted in exchange for Iran limiting its uranium enrichment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Reed says the grants will provide new opportunities for cultural enrichment in Rhode Island.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
If it aggressively pursued uranium enrichment, that would put the prospect of war back on the table.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 丰富; 改进; 肥沃; 浓缩
分布：浓缩(79%)，丰富(19%)，改进(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
丰富;充实;致富;富裕;（核燃料的）浓缩
Enrichment is the act of enriching someone or something or the state of being enriched.
例：...the enrichment of society.社会富裕
n. 丰富；改进；肥沃；发财致富
 - improvement, abundance, reforming, plenty, pregnancy

Word: hegemony
Front: hegemony
[hɪˈdʒeməni] (宝 10022/12980 -1)
Vocabulary: hegemony
(once / 9817 pages)
n
Hegemony is political or cultural dominance or authority over others. The hegemony of the popular kids over the other students means that they determine what is and is not cool.
Hegemony comes from the Greek hegemon "leader." Wealthy lender nations hoping to determine political outcomes and trade decisions have established hegemony over the debtor nations they lend to. As well as the dominance of one group or nation over others, hegemony is also the term for the leading group or nation itself. During the American Revolution, colonists fought to throw off the British hegemony.
WORD FAMILY
hegemony: hegemonies
USAGE EXAMPLES
California secessionists are almost uniformly leftists disgusted by conservative hegemony in the heartland.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
China’s behavior shows its intention to intimidate its neighbors and establish hegemony in East Asia.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The publisher is uniquely placed to challenge the JIF’s hegemony.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 霸权; 霸权主义; 领导权; 盟主权
分布：霸权(93%)，领导权(7%)
→来自希腊语hegemon,领导者，来自sag,寻找，寻求，探路者，词源同seek,sagacious.引申词义领导权，支配权，霸权。
【记】he，gemony＝Germany：一、二战中的Germany取得了对若干国家的统治权he，ge＝get，mony＝money：他有了钱才能有统治权
【反】lack of authority（缺乏权威）
US [-'dʒem-/ UK ['hedʒ.ə.moʊ-] noun uncountable formal
■(especially of countries) the position of being the strongest and most powerful and therefore able to control others （尤指国家的）霸权，支配权，领导权
• The three nations competed for regional hegemony. 这三个国家就地区霸权展开争夺。
n. 霸权；领导权；盟主权
 - supreme

Word: adherence
Front: adherence
[ədˈhɪərəns] (托 9972/9968)
Vocabulary: adherence
(once / 2076 pages)
n
Adherence means "sticking to" or "being faithful to," such as your adherence to your diet even when chocolate cake is around, or students' adherence to school rules — they do not use cell phones or music players in class.
The noun adherence is related to the verb adhere, meaning “to stick.” If something adheres, it sticks it to something, like a bumper stick that adheres to a car or a person who adheres to a plan, not changing it along the way. Adherence describes this willingness to stick or be faithful, like adherence to child labor laws that means young workers cannot work past a certain time on school nights.
WORD FAMILY
adherence: adherences+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherent: adherence, adherents/ adhesion: adhesions/ adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unswerving adherence to free, private markets will not solve the problems faced by our education system.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Turkey would serve as guarantor of rebel compliance, while Russia would guarantee adherence by the government.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And with little downtime between routines or adherence to proper form, they were putting the long-term health of their hips at risk.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 依附; 坚持; 忠诚; 密着
分布：坚持(77%)，粘附(19%)，固守(4%)
粘附;坚持(adhere+ence)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
US [-'hɪr.ənts] noun uncountable formal
■when someone acts strictly according to rules, beliefs, etc. 严守（规则、信念等）
• He was noted for his strict adherence to the rules. 他因为严守规则而闻名。
n. 坚持； [力] 依附；忠诚
 - loyalty, insistence

Word: strew
Front: strew
[stru:] (宝 9997/11328)
Vocabulary: strew
(once / 614 pages)
v
When you strew something, you scatter it all over the place. At a wedding, for example, the flower child's job is to strew the path with petals.
One of the scariest parts of "The Wizard of Oz" is when the winged monkeys pounce on the Scarecrow and strew his insides all over the forest floor. It's a tricky word, because it sounds the same in the present as it does in the past. The monkeys strew the straw then and might strew it now: in any case, the straw will be strewn all over. After the clambake, the beach was strewn with empty shells and beer bottles. After strewing all that stuff, they forgot to clean up.
WORD FAMILY
strew: strewed, strewing, strewn, strews+/strewing: strewings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the back of the building, under hangers strewn with blouses, pants, wedding dresses and blankets, I talked with Amy and Mark about stains.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Finally, she reached St. George’s, doors gaping, rubble strewn across the floor, the altar charred black.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Like a pothead’s bedroom, though, the path to full legalisation is strewn with obstacles.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 撒在…上; 散落于; 点缀; 撒满
时态：strew, strewn, strewing, strews
分布：散播(43%)，点缀(36%)，撒满(21%)
→来自古英语 strewian,布满，散播，来自 Proto-Germanic*strawjana,散开，散播，来自 ster, 展开，伸出，词源同 straw,stratum,structure.
【区】stew（v 炖）读：死丢－丢进去就会死，因为是小火炖。Strew读：死住－死人住的地方四处散播者臭气。
[stru:] (strewed, strewn or strewed)
verb transitive
■to spread things untidily over a surface, or to be spread untidily over a surface 撒，散布；（在…上）布满，撒满
• They marked the end of the war by strewing flowers over the graves of 18 000 soldiers. 他们在1.8万名士兵的坟墓上撒满鲜花，以此纪念战争的结束。
• Wine bottles and dirty dishes were strewn across the lawn. 草坪上到处都是瓶子和脏盘子。
• Her clothes lay strewn on the floor. 她的衣服散落在地上，到处都是。
• The park was strewn with litter after the concert. 音乐会后公园里遍地都是垃圾。
vt. 散播；撒满
 - strow, bruit

Word: paralysis
Front: paralysis
[pəˈræləsɪs] (六托雅 9996/13729 -1)
Vocabulary: paralysis
(once / 1470 pages)
n
Paralysis is the inability to move part of your body. It's actually fairly common for people to have short periods of paralysis while they sleep.
Paralysis is the experience of being paralyzed, or unable to move part or all of your body. There are medical conditions that can cause paralysis. You can also use paralysis to describe the inability to act, like the paralysis of a city during a big snowstorm, or the paralysis of the school play's star, suddenly struck with stage fright.
WORD FAMILY
paralysis: paralyses, paralytical
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a long stretch of political paralysis, Afghanistan formed a government with Mr. Ghani in the presidency.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He is talking about Guillain-Barré syndrome, a condition which occurs when the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system – causing severe muscle weakness and paralysis.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The opportunity here is to move from paralysis to practicality.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 麻痹，瘫痪; 中风; 无能，无气力
分布：瘫痪(53%)，麻痹(47%)
→来自paralyse,瘫痪。
麻痹(para旁边+lysis分开→旁边分开→麻痹)[lys,lyst=breakbown,表示"裂开,分解"]
[pə'ræl.ə.sɪs] (plural paralyses)
noun countable or uncountable
■when you are unable to move all or part of your body because of illness or injury 麻痹，瘫痪
• Some nervous disorders can produce paralysis. 有些神经紊乱有可能导致瘫痪。
■when you are unable to take action 不知所措；（行动）瘫痪，停顿
• political paralysis 政治瘫痪状态
n. [内科] 麻痹；无力；停顿
 - numbness, asthenia

Word: wilt
Front: wilt
[wɪlt] (宝 10000/14722 -1)
Vocabulary: wilt
(once / 275 pages)
vn
When things droop from heat, lack of water, or illness, they wilt. If you go on vacation for two weeks and forget to water your plants first, they will wilt.
The vegetables in your garden will wilt if they're attacked by slugs or don't get enough moisture — and people can be said to wilt too, especially when they're limp and weak from exhaustion. A long walk on the hottest day of summer can make you wilt. Wilt was most likely first spelled welk, from the Middle Dutch word welken, "to wither or become soft."
WORD FAMILY
wilt: wilted, wilting, wilts+/wilting: wiltings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morale wilted in the aged station house on Alexander Avenue, in Mott Haven.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Add greens, toss to coat in drippings, and cook until wilted and tender, about 3 minutes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Every effort to incorporate fresh fare into fast food, it seems, wilts.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）凋谢，（使）枯萎; 使畏缩; 使衰弱
n. 枯萎; 憔悴
时态：wilted, wilting, wilts
分布：枯萎(85%)，憔悴(15%)
→可能来自 welg,降水，湿，词源 welkin.引申词义使浸水，柔软，低垂，枯萎。
【记】源于：wither（v 使凋谢）
verb intransitive
■(of a plant) to become weak and begin to bend towards the ground, or (of a person) to become weaker, tired or less confident （植物）枯萎，凋谢；（人）变得萎靡不振
• Cut flowers will soon wilt without water. 切花没有水会很快枯萎。
• After only an hour's walking they were beginning to wilt in the heat. 才走了一小时，他们就热得没精打采了。
vt. [植保] 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱
 - blast, wither up
vi. [植保] 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱
 - flag, wither away
n. [植保] 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱
 - blasting, breakdown

Word: flowing
Front: flowing
['fləʊɪŋ] (10008/9560)
Back: adj. 流动的， （轮廓等）圆滑的，下垂的
v. 流( flow的现在分词 ); 垂; 流出; （谈话、文体等）流畅
分布：流动的(88%)，平滑的(8%)，动词flow的现在分词形式.(4%)
US ['floʊ-] adjective
MOVING 移动的
■moving in one direction, especially continuously and easily 流动的（尤指连续、顺畅地）
• a fast- flowing river 湍急的河流
UK ['fləʊ.ɪŋ] US ['floʊ-] adjective
SMOOTH AND CONTINUOUS 流畅而持续
■produced in a smooth, continuous or relaxed style 流畅的；持续的
• flowing movements/lines 流畅的动作／诗句
• I thought I recognized your flowing script. 我想我认出了你那流畅的笔迹。
UK ['fləʊ.ɪŋ] US ['floʊ-] adjective
HANGING DOWN 垂下
■describes hair and clothes that are long and hang down loosely （头发或衣服）飘拂的，飘逸的
• I remember her as a young girl with flowing black hair. 我记忆中的她是个留着飘逸黑发的年轻女孩。
• Everyone on stage was dressed in flowing white robes. 舞台上所有人都身着飘逸的白袍。
adj. 流动的；平滑的；上涨的
 - floating, fluid, running, rising
v. 流动；起源；上涨（flow的ing形式）
 - streaming

Word: termination
Front: termination
[ˌtɜ:mɪˈneɪʃn] (托宝 10020/8066)
Vocabulary: termination
(once / 848 pages)
n
Whether it refers to getting fired from a job, a contract running out, or the assassination of a deep-cover spy, termination is "the end of the line."
You may be familiar with a certain time-traveling cyborg assassin, played by Arnold Schwarzenegger. His character was a "terminator," in a movie of the same name, and his goal was the termination of Sarah Connor. Lucky for Sarah, and the supposed future of our planet, the termination was unsuccessful. In the real world, you're more likely to see the word termination used when a contract, program, or job comes to an end, unexpectedly or as planned.
WORD FAMILY
termination: terminations+/ interminable: interminably/terminable: interminable / terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals/ terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative/terminative: terminatively/ terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dore was recommended for termination by the inspector general’s office.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Wheaton officials apparently did not agree and began termination proceedings against the professor, saying her statements seemed “inconsistent with Wheaton College’s doctrinal convictions.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Normally, early termination of a CRP contract requires repayment of all previous payments plus interest.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 终止妊娠; 结束; 终止处; 结局
分布：终止(83%)，结束(11%)，结果(5%)，词尾(1%)
终结(termin+ation)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
【记】term期限，ination：到了期限－终止
【参】terminable（adj 可终止的；有期限的）；terminus（n 终点）
US [ˌtɝ:-] noun
countable or uncountable specialized
■the intentional ending of a pregnancy, usually by a medical operation 终止妊娠，人工流产
UK [ˌtɜ:.mɪ'neɪ.ʃən] US [ˌtɝ:-] noun
uncountable formal
■when something ends or stops or is caused to end or stop 终止；停止
• The termination of the bus service was a severe blow to many villagers. 公车停驶对许多村民来说是一个严重的打击。
n. 结束，终止
 - completion, close, finish, ended up

Word: faulty
Front: faulty
[ˈfɔ:lti] (研四六 9993/8415)
Vocabulary: faulty
(once / 1690 pages)
adj
Something that's faulty is full of mistakes — it's wrong. Faulty logic often leads people to make terrible decisions, since they're based on an incorrect way of thinking.
A faulty explanation is based on errors, and a faulty machine doesn't work the way it's supposed to. If your chocolate chip cookies keep coming out burned, your stove may be faulty — or you may be baking them too long. If your car's brakes are faulty, it won't stop as quickly as it should, and if your furnace is faulty, it will be a long, cold winter. Faulty and fail share a common Latin root word.
WORD FAMILY
faulty: faultier, faultiest, faultily, faultiness+/ fault: faulted, faulting, faultless, faults, faulty /faulting: faultings/faultless: faultlessly, faultlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
One place cancelled, another claimed last-minute construction work, and yet another discovered faulty electrical wiring that demanded sudden attention.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
“One must not underestimate the risk to the euro of faulty budget discipline,” he told the German magazine WirtschaftsWoche in 2007.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 错误的; 有错误的，有过失的，有缺点的; 不完美的
分布：有缺陷的(54%)，有错误的(20%)，有缺点的(18%)，不合格的(8%)
a.有错误的,有缺点的,不完善的The insult to the adult consulter results in multiplication of the faulty faucets.对成年咨询者的侮辱导致有缺陷水龙头成倍增加.
US ['fɑ:l.tˌi] adjective
■A faulty machine or device is not perfectly made or does not work correctly 有缺陷的；不完美的
• faulty wiring/brakes 有毛病的电线线路／煞车
adj. 有错误的；有缺点的
 - vicious, imperfect

Word: perch
Front: perch
[pɜ:tʃ] (六托宝 6081/7143 -2)
Vocabulary: perch
(once / 443 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A perch is a temporary resting place. In the middle of climbing a tree, you might find a good perch on a high branch. Bet some birds will be perching there too.
Perch has many different meanings. A bird perch is a little stick it can balance on, and the armrest of the couch can offer you a perch during a party. It's also the name of a kind of fish with spiny fins. And it's also an old measurement of 16.5 feet.
WORD FAMILY
perch: perched, percher, perches, perching+/percher: perchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The venue, called Reina, is perched on the Bosporus and is popular with Istanbul’s elite, including musicians and soccer players.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Soon after the game ended, they voluntarily climbed up and peacefully left the perch.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perched high on Mr. Pettibon’s studio wall, along with various small, kitschy canvases, were a handful of his father’s paintings of nudes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 栖息处; 栖枝; 高处; 鲈鱼
vi. （鸟）飞落，暂栖，停留
vt. & vi. 栖息; 停留; （使）坐; （使）坐在…边沿
时态：perched, perching, perches
分布：栖息(34%)，栖木(16%)，位于(14%)，杆(12%)，高位(12%)，就位(7%)，河鲈鱼(5%)
→来自古法语perche,杆，棍，测量尺，来自拉丁语pertica,杆，棍。后用于指鸟栖息的横杆，引申词义栖息，停留。perch 鲈鱼
【记】perch原指长杆，后引申为栖木，现在是栖息的意思。
【区】parch（v 烘烤）读：怕吃，因为烘烤的东西上火。
US [pɝ:tʃ] verb
perch in/on, etc. sth
■to sit on or near the edge of something 坐在…（的边缘）上；栖息于；停留于
• We perched on bar stools and had a beer. 我们坐在酒吧高凳上，喝了一杯啤酒。
• A blackbird was perching on the gate. 一只乌鸫停落在大门上。
intransitive or transitive
■to be in a high position or in a position near the edge of something, or to put something in this position （使）位于高处（或…的边缘）；（使）栖息在高处（或…的边缘）
• The village is perched on top of a high hill. 村子坐落在一座高山的山顶上。
UK [pɜ:tʃ] US [pɝ:tʃ] noun
FISH 鱼
countable or uncountable (plural perch or US ALSO perches)
■a fish that lives in lakes and rivers and is eaten as food 河鲈，鲈鱼
UK [pɜ:tʃ] US [pɝ:tʃ] noun
SIT 坐
countable
■a place where a bird sits, especially a thin rod in a cage (= wire box) （鸟的）栖息处（尤指鸟笼里的栖木）
countable
■a seat or other place high up, often giving a good view of something below （常指能很好地俯视低处的）高座，高处
• We watched the parade from our perch on the scaffolding. 我们从鹰架的高处观看游行。
n. 高位；栖木；杆
 - pole, high-order
vt. 栖息；就位；位于；使坐落于
 - inhabit, take post
vi. 栖息；就位；位于
 - sit, take post

Word: unfairly
Front: unfairly
[ʌnˈfeəlɪ] (10010/11409 -K)
Back: adv. 不公平地，不公正地; 不正当地
分布：不公平地(60%)，不正当地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
（行动或情形）不公正的，不公平的
An unfair action or situation is not right or fair.
例：She was awarded £5,000 in compensation for unfair dismissal...她获判5,000英镑，作为遭到无理解雇的补偿。
例：America decided that imported steel had an unfair advantage over steel made at home...美国认定进口钢铁相对于国产钢铁具有不公平的优势。
ADJ-GRADED
（制度或情形）不公平的，不平等的
An unfair system or situation does not give equal treatment or equal opportunities to everyone involved.
例：The American plane makers continue to accuse Airbus of unfair competition...美国飞机制造商继续指控空中客车公司不正当竞争。
例：Some have been sentenced to long prison terms after unfair trials.有些人被冤判长期徒刑。
adv. 不公平地；不正当地
 - wrong, unlawfully

Word: twenty-three
Front: twenty-three
[t'wenti:θr'i:] None
Back: 二十三
分布：二十三(100%)

Word: acquit
Front: acquit
[əˈkwɪt] (托宝 9999/9949 -2)
Vocabulary: acquit
(once / 696 pages)
1v 2v
To acquit someone is to clear them of charges. Acquitting also has to do with how you carry or present yourself.
If you're accused of a crime, then the best thing that can happen to you is being acquitted — that means you were cleared or exonerated of the charges. A defense lawyer wants to have his client acquitted. But watch out for another unrelated meaning: acquitting can mean how you behave, conduct, or carry yourself. If you acquit yourself like a champion, then you're acting like a champion.
WORD FAMILY
acquit: acquits, acquittal, acquitted, acquitting+/ acquittal: acquittals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smith’s trial earlier this month, jurors acquitted him on three counts of misdemeanor battery on a police officer but deadlocked on four other misdemeanor charges.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In August, Ley was acquitted there after a judge said he met standards for prescribing medicine for drug addiction.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Last summer he was released from custody after being acquitted of all charges.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣判无罪; 除去责任或义务; 表现，履行; 付清，还清
时态：acquitted, acquitting, acquits
分布：表现(61%)，原谅(17%)，开释(11%)，宣布无罪(11%)
→前缀ac-同ad-, 去，往。quit, 离开，词源同quiet。即无罪释放。
开释,免罪(ac给予+quit→给予自由)[Quit=free,表示"自由"]
[ə'kwɪt] (-tt-)
verb transitive often passive
■to decide officially in a court of law that someone is not guilty of a particular crime 宣判…无罪
• She was acquitted of all the charges against her. 她被宣判无罪，所有对其指控皆不成立。
• Five months ago he was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前，法庭宣判对他在商店扒窃货物的指控不成立。
Compare convict
acquit yourself
[R] formal
■to do better than expected in a difficult situation 表现出色
• I thought that he acquitted himself admirably in today's meeting. 我认为他在今天会议上的表现非常不错。
vt. 无罪释放；表现；脱卸义务和责任；清偿
 - conduct oneself, represent, bear oneself

Word: promised
Front: promised
[ˈprɔmist] (10015/9705)
Back: vt. & vi. (promise的过去式或过去分词形式); 承诺; 允诺; 答应
v. 允诺( promise的过去式和过去分词 ); 答应; 有…希望; 预示
分布：诺言(44%)，答应(39%)，允诺(8%)，发誓(4%)，有希望(3%)，预示(1%)，约定(1%)
VERB
承诺；保证；答应
If you promise that you will do something, you say to someone that you will definitely do it.
例：The post office has promised to resume first class mail delivery to the area on Friday...邮局承诺于星期五恢复对这个地区第一类邮件的递送。
例：He had promised that the rich and privileged would no longer get preferential treatment...他已经保证富人和特权阶层不会再得到优惠待遇。
VERB
答应给予；承诺给予；保证让…得到
If you promise someone something, you tell them that you will definitely give it to them or make sure that they have it.
例：In 1920 the great powers promised them an independent state...1920年，列强承诺让他们成为一个独立的国家。
例：The officers promise a return to multiparty rule.这些官员承诺恢复多党统治。
N-COUNT
诺言；承诺；保证
A promise is a statement which you make to a person in which you say that you will definitely do something or give them something.
例：If you make a promise, you should keep it...如果做出了承诺，就应该遵守。
例：The program has lived up to its promise to promote family welfare.这个项目恪守了其改善家庭福利的承诺。
VERB
有可能；有希望
If a situation or event promises to have a particular quality or to be a particular thing, it shows signs that it will have that quality or be that thing.
例：While it will be fun, the seminar also promises to be most instructive.这次的研讨会不仅会有趣，而且有可能会颇具启发意义。
N-UNCOUNT
（非常好的或成功的）希望，迹象，指望
If someone or something shows promise, they seem likely to be very good or successful.
例：The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school.这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。

Word: forceful
Front: forceful
[ˈfɔ:sfl] (10012/9567 -1)
Vocabulary: forceful
(once / 1871 pages)
adj
Something forceful is strong and firm. A politician's forceful speech is self-assured and energetic, and it makes the audience sit up and take notice.
One meaning of forceful is all about physical strength: "The forceful throw carried the football past the goalposts." Another way to be forceful is to be emphatic or vehement: "The child's forceful refusal to go to bed could not be ignored by the sleepy babysitter." Forceful literally means "full of force," and force comes from the Latin fortis, "strong, firm, or steadfast."
WORD FAMILY
forceful: forcefully, forcefulness, unforceful+/ enforce: enforceable, enforced, enforcement, enforcer, enforces, enforcing, reenforce/enforceable: unenforceable/ enforced: enforcedly, unenforced/ enforcement: enforcements/enforcer: enforcers/ force: enforce, forced, forceful, forceless, forces, forcible, forcing/forced: forcedly, unforced/forcible: forciblest, forcibly/reenforce: reenforced, reenforcement, reenforces, reenforcing/reenforcement: reenforcements/unforced: unforcedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gannon says while using “a forceful command” may be necessary, “threatening language is never appropriate or acceptable.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She is free yet guarded, proud yet insecure, forceful yet tentative, cynical yet naive.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But the forceful intervention, including a discussion with Egypt’s president, failed to prevent passage of the resolution.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 强有力的; 有说服力的; 有效的; 强劲
分布：有力的(96%)，强烈的(4%)
有力的(force+ful)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
US ['fɔ:rs-] adjective
■expressing opinions strongly and demanding attention or action 强有力的；有说服力的
• The opposition leader led a very forceful attack on the government in parliament this morning. 反对党领袖今天上午在议会对政府发起了强有力的抨击。
• She has a very forceful personality which will serve her well in politics. 她的个性十分坚强，这对她从政非常有利。
adj. 强有力的；有说服力的；坚强的
 - powerful, strong, tough, cogent, steel

Word: bland
Front: bland
[blænd] (托宝 10017/8654 -2)
Vocabulary: bland
(once / 731 pages)
adj
When you have a nasty cold and you’re very congested, food can taste unappealingly bland. That means dull, flavorless, or just plain “blah.”
Bland comes to us from the Latin word blandus, meaning “mild, smooth, flattering, alluring.” Funny, because today you wouldn't say there's anything "alluring" about something bland. People still use bland to mean pleasant and tranquil, but it more often has a negative connotation. Use it to describe plain old oatmeal before you’ve added brown sugar and berries to it, or to depict the forgettable, uninteresting personality of the lunch lady who served it to you.
WORD FAMILY
bland: blander, blandest, blandly, blandness
USAGE EXAMPLES
New York’s own offense was bland, punting to end eight of its 12 drives, but it mustered up enough to get the job done.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The bland, mouth-coating sensation of the powdered beans with which they are dusted is pleasant, but not compelling.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fire Chief Jim Bland says the blaze was started by a cigarette igniting the oxygen inside an oxygen generator.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 温和的，和蔼的; 平和的; 味道温和的; 无动于衷的
级别：blander, blandest
分布：温和的(73%)，平淡无奇的(15%)，不油腻的(6%)，引不起兴趣的(6%)
→来自词根mel, 软的，见melt, 熔化。字母m,b音变。原指说软话的，奉承，讨好，后指温和的。
【反】tangy（adj 扑鼻的，有刺激性的）tang拼：烫，东西特别烫就会味道浓，因为布朗运动的原因。
[blænd] usually disapproving
adjective
■not having a strong taste or character or not showing any interest or energy 无滋味的；枯燥乏味的；没精打采的，无生气的
• I find chicken a little bland. 我觉得鸡肉有点淡。
• Pop music these days is so bland. 现今的流行音乐十分乏味。
adj. [食品] 乏味的；温和的；冷漠的
 - pacific, distant, soft, moderate, gentle

Word: pediatric
Front: pediatric
[ˌpi:dɪ'ætrɪk] (10002/-)
Vocabulary: pediatric
(once / 3473 pages)
adj
If something's pediatric, it has to do with kids. A pediatric dentist, for example, specializes in cleaning and fixing children's teeth.
You'll almost always find pediatric in a medical context: a pediatric doctor has children as patients, and a pediatric illness affects youngsters. Most hospitals have pediatric wings, areas, or floors, where the very youngest patients are treated. The adjective pediatric comes from the Greek pais, or "child," and iatrikos, "healing."
WORD FAMILY
pediatric: pediatrics +/ pediatrician: pediatricians/ pediatrics: pediatrician, pediatrist/pediatrist: pediatrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the number of pediatric medical users grows, so do issues that confront parents, patients, doctors and policymakers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In 1953, the American Association of Pediatrics recommended banning children under twelve from playing football.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
To most people, this would be the perfect bookend to a career in pediatrics.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 小儿科的
分布：儿科的(100%)

Word: streak
Front: streak
[stri:k] (托宝 4552/7739 -2)
Vocabulary: streak
(once / 364 pages)
nv
A streak is a mark or characteristic. What makes you keep trying to wipe the streak of permanent marker off the white couch — your clean streak or your stubborn streak?
Like a mark or stain, a streak in a person is a characteristic or strain that runs through them — like a mean streak. The noun streak can also refer to an unbroken chain of events — you’ll want a lucky streak to keep going and a losing streak to come to a quick end. As a verb, to streak means to dash, sometimes without clothes. If you talk a blue streak, you’ve got a lot to say, very quickly.
WORD FAMILY
streak: streaked, streaker, streaking, streaks, streaky+/streaked: streakeder/streaker: streakers/streaky: streakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
That includes a three-game losing streak to end the year in which the Lions were outscored by the Giants, Cowboys and Packers 90-51.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The line remained intact Monday at practice with all three carrying streaks.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That launched a streak in which Baltimore won six of eight, including a 38-6 rout of Miami .
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （与周围有所不同的）条纹; （通常指不好的）特征（倾向）; （不断经历成功或失败的）一段时期
vi. 快速移动; 加上条纹
vt. 使布满条纹
时态：streaked, streaking, streaks
分布：倾向(41%)，条痕(16%)，痕迹(8%)，一系列(8%)，闪现(6%)，斑纹(6%)，快速移动(6%)，加条纹(3%)，夹杂着(3%)，少许(3%)
→来自古英语 strica,条纹，线痕，笔划，来自 Proto-Germanic*strikon,轻触，轻击，来自 streig, 击，打，刮，词源同 strike,stroke.streak 疾行，疾驰，裸奔
【记】源于：stream（n 小溪流）呈现streak的形状。
noun countable
MARK 痕迹
■a long thin mark which is easily noticed because it is very different from the area surrounding it 条纹；条痕
• The window cleaner has left dirty streaks on the windows. 擦窗工人在窗户上留下了一条条污痕。
• I dye my hair to hide my grey streaks. 我染发是为了遮住花白的头发。
• Meteors produce streaks of light as they burn up in the Earth's atmosphere. 流星在地球大气层中燃烧时会产生一道光痕。
[stri:k] noun countable
CHARACTERISTIC 特点
■an often unpleasant characteristic which is very different from other characteristics （常指不好的）特点，个性特征
• Her stubborn streak makes her very difficult to work with sometimes. 她固执的性格有时候使人很难和她共事。
• You need to have a competitive streak when you're working in marketing. 你做行销工作时需要有竞争意识。
[stri:k] noun countable
SHORT PERIOD 短期
■a short period of good or bad luck 一阵好运；一阵霉运
• I just hope my lucky streak continues until the world championships. 我只是希望我的好运能延续到世界锦标赛。
• Their longest losing streak has been three games. 他们最低迷的时候连输过三场。
• After winning a couple of bets, he thought he was on a winning streak. 下注赢了几回后，他以为自己鸿运当头。
[stri:k] noun countable
like a streak of lightning informal
■extremely quickly 飞快地
• She grabbed the money and ran out of the shop like a streak of lightning. 她一把抓起钱，飞也似的跑出商店。
[stri:k] verb
MOVE FAST 快速移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move somewhere extremely quickly, usually in a straight line （通常指沿直线）飞奔，疾驰
• The motorbike streaked off down the street. 摩托车沿街疾驰而去。
• Did you see that bird streak past the window? 你看见掠过窗外的那只鸟吗？
[stri:k] verb
RUN NAKED 裸奔
intransitive
■to run naked through a public place in order to attract attention or to express strong disapproval of something （在公共场所）裸奔
[stri:k] verb
MARK 痕迹
be streaked
■to have long thin noticeable lines of a different colour 带有条纹；带有条痕
• Doesn't Chris look good with her hair streaked? 克里斯的头发挑染后看起来不错吧？
• Her clothes were streaked with mud. 她的衣服上全是一条条泥痕。
• White marble is frequently streaked with grey, black or green. 白色大理石上经常有灰色、黑色或绿色的条纹。
[stri:k] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  streak ahead
■to be much more successful than your competitors 遥遥领先
• The study revealed that Asian youngsters are streaking ahead in the race to get into university. 研究显示，亚洲年轻人在争取就读大学的竞争中遥遥领先。
n. 条纹，线条；倾向
 - tendency, liability, trend, preference, disposition
vi. 飞跑，疾驶；加上条纹
 - drive
vt. 飞跑，疾驰；加条纹于
 - tear away

Word: emblem
Front: emblem
[ˈembləm] (托 10014/11550 -1)
Vocabulary: emblem
(once / 653 pages)
n
An emblem is a design that stands for a group or a concept. If you’re Scottish, your family may have an emblem such as a coat of arms that symbolizes your heritage.
Many countries have national emblems, which often feature an animal or other elements that represent significant parts of the country’s history. A national emblem is often shown on flags or official documents such as passports. An emblem can also be an object that represents an idea. An expensive skyscraper could be an emblem of greed, for example, or the apple tree you planted in your backyard could be an emblem of hope.
WORD FAMILY
emblem: emblematic, emblematical, emblems+/ emblematic: emblematically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nintendo is planning mobile versions of its popular “Fire Emblem” and “Animal Crossing” games.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
At each transition, Jesus’ seeming defeat becomes an emblem of his power.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
For him, they are emblems of power and strength.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 象征，标记; 纹章，徽章; 标记，典型; 〈古〉寓意画
vt. 象征; 用象征表示; 用图案（符号）表示
分布：象征(67%)，徽章(33%)
→em-, 进入，使。-bl, 扔，掷，镶嵌，词源同ballistic, problem, symbol.
【源】源于emboss凸（boss的凸肚子），可以作为明显的标志
【参】emblematic（adj 象征性的；标记的）＝symbolic＝representative
noun countable
■a picture of an object which is used to represent a particular person, group or idea 象征；标志；符号；徽章
• A rose is the national emblem of England. 玫瑰是英国的标志。
sign, emblem, symbol, token, attribute, mark, signal, badge
这组词都有“标志、象征、符号”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。
emblem: 指选定象征一个国家、民族或家庭等的图案或实物。
symbol: 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。
token: 语气庄重，指礼品、纪念物等作为表示友谊、爱情等的象征或标志。
attribute: 指人或物及其地位、属性的象征。
mark: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于他事物的特征。
signal: 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。
badge: 一般指金属证章或写有姓名的带状标志物。
n. 象征；徽章；符号
 - symbol, significant, mark, indication
vt. 象征；用符号表示；用纹章装饰
 - indicate, image, figure

Word: convergence
Front: convergence
[kən'vɜ:dʒəns] (10036/9173)
Vocabulary: convergence
(once / 7486 pages)
n
Convergence is when two or more things come together to form a new whole, like the convergence of plum and apricot genes in the plucot.
Convergence comes from the prefix con-, meaning together, and the verb verge, which means to turn toward. We can use convergence to describe things that are in the process of coming together, like the slow convergence of your opinions with those of your mother, or for things that have already come together, like the convergence of two roads, or for the place where two things already overlap, like the convergence of your aunt's crazy wardrobe with avant-garde fashion.
WORD FAMILY
convergence: convergences+/ converge: converged, convergency, convergent, converges, converging/convergency: convergencies/ convergent: convergence, convergently, nonconvergent
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tonight, it’s a convergence of downtown, uptown, East and West — polo shirts with leather jackets, suits with Converse.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The industry is starting to centralize around what’s the best technology,” Clark said, comparing the convergence to what happened earlier in the auto industry.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There were also the more technical forms of convergence with virtual reality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 集收敛; 集合; 会聚; [气]辐合
分布：收敛(96%)，汇聚(3%)，汇合点(1%)
N-VAR
(不同思想、群体或社会的)趋同，融合
The convergence of different ideas, groups, or societies is the process by which they stop being different and become more similar.
例：...the need to move towards greater economic convergence...朝着经济进一步融合发展的需要
例：There is a convergence between capitalist firms and co-operatives in terms of business strategy.资本主义公司和合作企业在经营战略方面趋于一致。
n. [数] 收敛； [生物] [电子] [光] 会聚，集合
 - assembly, concentration, set

Word: homage
Front: homage
[ˈhɒmɪdʒ] (托宝 10023/8970 -1)
Vocabulary: homage
(once / 563 pages)
n
Homage means great respect and honor, or something done to honor a person or thing. We pay homage to our ancestors and say prayers in homage to their memory.
In Middle English, homage specifically referred to respect for and loyalty to a feudal lord. The word was borrowed from Old French, probably from omne, homme "man," from Latin homō. The noun suffix –age is used to mean "an action, process, result, or state."
WORD FAMILY
homage: homages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of these buildings pay homage to the neighborhood’s industrial history.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Hip-hop songs pay homage to party history and warn of America’s efforts to topple the Chinese government.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Is there a nicer homage to our multiculturalism?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 敬意; 效忠; 顺从
分布：敬意(81%)，效忠(19%)
→来自古法语homage,对领主的效忠，来自拉丁语homo,人，词源同human.原指中世纪时下属或封臣对领主的效忠仪式，即“我是你的人”，该词与fealty的区别在于，homage为对单一领主的效忠，而fealty可以是对不同领主的忠诚。
尊敬,崇敬(把别人当人看)[hom=man(人)]
【记】hom＝hum人，age年纪一人上了年纪－敬意到了管理home的age年龄，应该知道homage别人。
【参】homicide（n 杀人犯）
【反】disrespect（n 失礼；无礼）
US ['hɑ:.mɪdʒ] noun uncountable
■deep respect and often praise shown for a person or god 崇敬，敬意
• On this occasion we pay homage to him for his achievements. 在此我们谨就他取得的成就向他表示敬意。
n. 敬意；尊敬；效忠
 - respect, worship

Word: gateway
Front: gateway
[ˈgeɪtweɪ] (10019/6462 -1)
Vocabulary: gateway
(once / 824 pages)
n
A gateway is an opening or entrance of a gate that swings open and shut. People also use the word gateway to describe the entryway into anything, like school could be your gateway to opportunity. Study hard.
Gateways are similar to doorways, with the obvious difference being the gate that you open to pass through, rather than a door. You can also use this word in a figurative way, to mean "entrance," or "means of access." For example, you could say, "That huge bank building is the gateway to the city's financial district," or "Delhi is the gateway to South Asia."
WORD FAMILY
gateway: gateways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Parikh said mobile parking payments are “a gateway” to other payment providers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The biggest transportation program announced this year is a $1.4 billion set of road and rail projects the Virginia government calls “Atlantic Gateway.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen, famed for his Gateway Arch in St. Louis, is profiled on the season finale of “American Masters.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 门; 入口; 途径
分布：门(91%)，通路(9%)
noun countable
■an entrance through a wall, fence, etc. where there is a gate （围墙或篱笆等的）出入口
gateway to somewhere
■a place through which you have to go to get to a particular area （通往…的）通道；门户
• Manchester is known as the gateway to the north. 曼彻斯特被称作通往英格兰北部的门户。
n. [建] 门； [计] 网关；方法；通道；途径
 - door, system, mechanism, method, approach

Word: deserted
Front: deserted
[dɪˈzɜ:tɪd] (托宝 9992/7837 -K)
Vocabulary: deserted
(once / 225 pages)
adj
If something’s deserted it’s empty and abandoned. It's fun to spend an afternoon taking pictures of a deserted house with its overgrown yard and mysterious relics, but come nightfall it might feel a little spooky.
The adjective deserted often describes an empty building that’s been abandoned by its owners, but you can use it for anything that’s remote or without any people around. You might get the chills when you walk down a deserted street at night. Deserted can also describe something that’s much less crowded than normal. On Super Bowl Sunday, the shopping mall might be deserted — everyone is home, watching the game.
WORD FAMILY
desert: deserted, deserter, desertification, deserting, desertion, deserts, semidesert+/deserter: deserters/desertion: desertions
USAGE EXAMPLES
FDR’s confidence deserted him as the economy lost a breathtaking four million jobs, leaving Roosevelt’s team to bemoan the “depression within a depression.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He was earlier spotted alone outside a deserted train station in the early morning hours, drawing the officers’ suspicion.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He was earlier spotted alone outside a deserted train station in the early morning hours.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （ 地方） 无人居住的; 空寂无人的; 被抛弃的; 被遗弃的
v. 舍弃( desert的过去式和过去分词 ); 废弃; （在需要时刻）背离; 擅离（职守、工作岗位、现役等）
分布：废弃的(52%)，荒芜的(24%)，被遗弃的(21%)，动词desert的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
US [-'zɝ:.tˌɪd] adjective
EMPTY 空旷的
■If a place is deserted, there are no people in it 空无一人的，空旷的，空荡荡的
• a deserted building/street 空无一人的建筑／街道
• The coastal resorts are deserted (= do not have many visitors) in winter. 冬季海滨胜地游客稀少。
UK [dɪ'zɜ:.tɪd] US [-'zɝ:.tˌɪd] adjective
LEFT BEHIND 留下
■left alone in a difficult situation 被抛弃的
• a deserted wife 被抛弃的妻子
adj. 荒芜的；被遗弃的
 - waste, arid

Word: template
Front: template
[ˈtempleɪt] (9989/9231)
Vocabulary: template
(once / 10000 pages)
n
A template is a model or a guide for producing something. When you build your website, you might use a free template, filling in your own text and images.
Template has a few different meanings, but the most common one is as a pattern that can be used in building or reproducing something. If you are designing costumes for a production of Shakespeare, you might use the design of one of Queen Elizabeth's dresses as a template to work from. In building, a template is a block of wood that goes under a door or a wall to distribute weight.
WORD FAMILY
template: templates
USAGE EXAMPLES
OK, so with that historical template, in two years the Rams will be invited to play Air Force in the Armed Forces Bowl.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We both grew up in families with three children – it was our shared template for a family.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Trump campaign in America was their template.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 样板; 模板; 型板
分布：模板(96%)，样板(4%)
→拼写受 plate 影响，改写自法语 templet,纺织工用的小支架，拉架，-et,小词后缀，可能来自 拉丁语 templum,木板，梁柱，来自 temp,展开，握住，来自 ten,延展，展开，握住， 词源同 contain,tenure.引申词义样板，模板，标准等。
noun countable
■a pattern made of metal, plastic or paper, which is used for making many copies of a shape or to help cut material accurately 样板，范本，型板
■something that is used as a pattern for producing other similar things 样板，范本
• We used the structure of his report as the template for ours. 我们把他的报告结构用作我们的范本。
■a system that helps you arrange information on a computer screen （在计电脑中整理资讯用的）范本
• a letter template 信件格式范本
n. 模板，样板
 - former, moulding board

Word: congratulations
Front: congratulations
[kənˌgrætjʊ'leɪʃənz] (9990/7729 -K1)
Vocabulary: congratulations
(once / 1086 pages)
n
"Kudos," "well-done," and other words of praise are forms of congratulations, or an expression of approval and acclaim.
Congratulations are expressed for good wishes on a special occasion, not just an accomplishment. For example, you wouldn't tell someone who just had a baby, "Good job on your accomplishment," but you would say, "Congratulations!" If, however, someone says "congratulations!" when you drop your ice cream cone or get a bad grade on your math test, they're probably being sarcastic.
WORD FAMILY
congratulation: congratulations +/ congratulate: congratulated, congratulates, congratulating, congratulation, congratulatory/congratulatory: congratulatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Helium balloons declaring “Congratulations” floated above the long table.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
If you were upset by Steve Martin’s tweet about Carrie Fisher, congratulations!
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Cervelli was the first teammate to text Nova congratulations when reports of the deal surfaced last week.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 祝贺; 贺词; 祝词
分布：祝贺(97%)，贺词(3%)
CONVENTION
恭喜;祝贺
You say 'Congratulations' to someone in order to congratulate them on something nice that has happened to them or something good that they have done.
例：Congratulations, you have a healthy baby boy...恭喜，你生了个健康的男孩。
例：Congratulations on your interesting article...祝贺你写出这么有意思的文章。
N-PLURAL
祝贺的话语;贺词
If you offer someone your congratulations, you congratulate them on something nice that has happened to them or on something good that they have done.
例：The club also offers its congratulations to D. Brown on his appointment as president.俱乐部也对D.布朗被任命为主席表示祝贺。

Word: botanical
Front: botanical
[bəˈtænɪkl] (高托 10006/12570 -1)
Vocabulary: botanical
(once / 2491 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective botanical to describe something that has to do with plants. You might call your illustrated book of New England ferns and mosses a botanical guide.
Botanical research involves the study of plants, and a botanical scientist — or botanist — has focused her career on learning about plants. If there are botanical substances in your favorite soda, it means that in addition to sugar and chemicals, there are plant ingredients too. Botanical comes from botanic, which has its root in the Greek word botanikos, "of herbs."
WORD FAMILY
botanical: botanicals+/botanic: botanically/botanise: botanised, botanises, botanising/ botanist: botanists/botanize: botanized, botanizes, botanizing/ botany: botanic, botanical, botanies, botanise, botanist, botanize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty one years later, his discovery was recognized in a paper recently published by the California Botanical Society’s publication Madrono.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eventually, their botanical product line grew to include 15 items, ranging from creams to toners to bath salts.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“Every year, it’s more popular,” said Henry Cabrera, the botanical garden’s associate vice president for visitor experience.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 植物学的
分布：植物的(53%)，植物学的(41%)，植物制剂(6%)
植物学的(botany植物学+ical)[-ical表形容词"…的"]
[bə'tæn.ɪ.kəl] (also botanic)
adjective
■involving or relating to plants or the study of plants 植物（学）的，和植物（学）有关的
• a botanical print 植物图片
• botanical/botanic gardens 植物园
• Several new botanical species have been discovered in the last year. 过去的一年里发现了几种新的植物。
adj. 植物学的
 - phytological

Word: tack
Front: tack
[tæk] (六宝 10013/9765 -2)
Back: n. [航]食物; 劣质材料，赝品; 方针，方法; 航向
vt. 用平头钉钉; 附加，增补
vi. 帆船抢风行驶; 用粗线脚缝
时态：tacked, tacking, tacks
分布：大头钉(43%)，附加(35%)，行动方针(11%)，以大头针钉住(11%)
→来自古法语方言 taque,钉子，插销，桩子，来自 Proto-Germanic*tag,固定，可能来自 触 摸，控制，安排，词源同 tangent,tact.引申诸相关词义。
钉住;缝合[tach=nail表示"钉子"]
【记】源于：tackle（n 工具；索具；v 固定），tack是一种tackle，可以tackle
noun
NAIL 钉
countable
■a small sharp nail with a flat end 图钉，大头钉
[tæk] noun
SEWING 缝
countable
■a long loose stitch （为定样临时缝上的）粗缝针脚，假缝
[tæk] noun
RIDING EQUIPMENT 马具
uncountable
■all the objects which the rider of a horse needs, including saddles and bridles 鞍辔，马具
[tæk] noun
BOAT'S DIRECTION 船的方向
countable
■the direction or distance which a boat moves at an angle to the direction of the wind, so that the boat receives the wind on its sails 戗风航行；抢风调向
• The ship was on the starboard tack. 那艘船右舷抢风航行。
[tæk] verb
FASTEN 捆扎
transitive
■to fasten something to a place with tacks 用图钉钉
[tæk] verb
SEW 缝
intransitive or transitive (US also baste)
■to sew with a long loose stitch which holds two pieces of material together until they are stitched more effectively （为定样而）用粗缝针脚缝
[tæk] verb
BOAT 船只
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(of a boat) to turn so that it is at an angle to the direction of the wind and receives the wind on its sails 抢风行驶（一艘船转变方向，使船身与风的方向成一角度，以使船帆可接受风力）
[tæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tack sth on informal
■to add something that you had not planned to add, often without much preparation or thought （临时）增补，附加
• At the last minute, they tacked on a couple of extra visits to my schedule. 在最后一刻，他们在我的排程上增加了几项额外的参观活动。
n. [五金] 大头钉；粗缝；行动方针；食物
 - food, diet, eating
vt. 附加；以大头针钉住
 - annex, subjoin

Word: police
Front: police
[pəˈli:s] (中高研四雅 468/328 -K5)
Vocabulary: police
(once / 63 pages)
nv
The word police refers to the members of a law enforcement organization, or to the organization itself. If you see a crime being committed, you should call the police.
The job of the police is to protect citizens and enforce laws. You might see police patrolling parks or maintaining order at large gatherings, like concerts and demonstrations. As a verb, to police is to enforce laws or keep a watchful eye on things. Actual police officers might police a political protest, while teachers are sometimes called upon to police school dances and parties.
WORD FAMILY
police: policed, polices, policing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bharambe seems a credible candidate for the huge task of modernising Mumbai’s archaic traffic policing system.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Dubai police did not respond to a request for comment about security at the property.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The ordeal causes issues between Nova and her boyfriend, a white police officer whose career is part of his family’s legacy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 警察部门; 警方; 警察; 治安
vt. （警察、军队等）巡查; 维护治安; （委员会等）监督; 管制
adj. 警察的; 有关警察的
时态：policed, policing, polices
分布：警察(69%)，警方(19%)，监督(7%)，管辖(3%)，维持治安(2%)
→来自拉丁语politia,城市管理，来自希腊语polis,城市，词源同policy,polity.该词为policy对词，后用于指警察。
警察(管理城市的人)[polic,polis,polit=state,city,表示"国家,城市"]
n.警察,警察机关a.警察的v.管辖By policy, the police impolitely sliced the politician's politics books.根据政策,警方不客气的把政客的政治书籍切成了薄片.
plural noun
 ESSENTIAL
■the official organization that is responsible for protecting people and property, making people obey the law, finding out about and solving crime, and catching people who have committed a crime 员警当局，警方
• I think you should call the police. 我认为你应该报警。
• The police are investigating fraud allegations against him. 警方在调查对他的欺诈指控。
 ESSENTIAL
■members of this organization 员警
• There should be more police patrolling the area on foot. 这一地区应该增加警力步行巡逻。
[pə'li:s] verb transitive
■to control or guard a public event or area by using members of the police or a similar force 维持…的治安，巡查；在…部署员警
• The march will be heavily policed by an anti-riot unit. 防暴员警将对示威游行进行严密警戒。
■to control the way in which a possibly dangerous substance is dealt with or a dangerous activity is done 控制；监督
• The use of these chemicals must be carefully policed. 这些化学药品使用时必须受到严格控制。
policeman, police
policeman: 指某个具体的警察
police: 警察的总称,后接复数谓语动词, The police are questioning everyone in the house.
n. 警察，警方；治安
 - pig, copper, bobby, finest
vt. 监督；管辖；维持治安；为…配备警察
 - oversee, to monitor
adj. 警察的；有关警察的
 - constabulary

Word: password
Front: password
[ˈpɑ:swɜ:d] (10041/10802)
Vocabulary: password
(once / 968 pages)
n
A password is a word — or a series of letters or numbers — that's kept secret. You might need a password to get into your brother's clubhouse or to use your friend's laptop.
During World War II, soldiers used passwords to enter guarded areas; these were words or phrases (and responses) that only other Allied soldiers knew. Today, you're more likely to use a password for protecting an electronic device, for withdrawing money from a bank machine, or for logging into your email or social media account. The original meaning of password, from the late 1700s, was "word used to distinguish friend from foe."
WORD FAMILY
password: passwords
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the first screen of the recovery page, choose the scenario that applies to you, which in this case would be “I forgot my password.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s beamed wirelessly across the neighborhood, but it’s not password protected,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Become vigilant about passwords, software updates and encrypted messaging.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （进入房间、建筑或某个地区的）口令; <计>（使用计算机操作系统的）密码
分布：密码(91%)，口令(9%)
→pass,通过，word,字，词。
US ['pæs.wɝ:d] noun countable
■a secret word or combination of letters or numbers which is used for communicating with another person or with a computer to prove who you are 口令；密码
• I can't let you in unless you give the password. 你说出口令我才能让你进来。
• You can't gain access to the computer system without entering your password. 不输入密码你是无法进入电脑系统的。
n. 密码； [计] [军] 口令
 - cryptogram, secret code

Word: sailing
Front: sailing
[ˈseɪlɪŋ] (高雅 10027/5717 -K2)
Back: n. 帆船运动; （乘帆船的）航行; （轮船的）航班
v. 驾驶( sail的现在分词); 起航; 坐船旅行; 掠
adj. 航行的
分布：航行(70%)，航海(21%)，启航(8%)，动词sail的现在分词.(1%)
noun
uncountable
■the sport or activity of using boats with sails 帆船运动
• the sailing club 帆船俱乐部
• She loves to go sailing. 她喜欢玩帆船。
countable
■when a ship leaves a port 启航，出航
• There are frequent sailings from Dover. 有很多船从多佛启航。
n. 航行， [水运] 航海；启航；航海术
 - salling, siling
adj. [水运] 航行的
 - navigational
v. [水运] 航行，起航（sail的现在分词形式）
 - navigating

Word: thriving
Front: thriving
[θraɪvɪŋ] (10030/9576)
Vocabulary: thriving
(once / 1593 pages)
adj
Something that's thriving is doing very well. You have a thriving cupcake business if you can hardly bake enough to keep up with your customers' orders.
Use the adjective thriving to describe something that's healthy — like your new puppy — or profitable and busy — like your dad's car dealership. A thriving Mexican food truck always has a long line in front of it, and a thriving publisher puts out many popular books. Thriving comes from the verb thrive, and its Old Norse root word, þrifask, which means both "thrive" and "grasp to oneself," from þrifa, "to clutch or grasp."
WORD FAMILY
thriving: thrivingest, thrivingly+/ thrive: thrived, thriven, thrives, thriving, throve
USAGE EXAMPLES
Between these two extremes exists the little-known but thriving world of interscholastic floor hockey at yeshiva high schools in New York City and surrounding towns.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ahlschwede said although the vet may be thriving at his or her new career, he or she may need some guidance along the way.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Over the years, her steadily expanding family of eight children all started their preschool years at the center, and they are thriving in school.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 兴旺的，旺盛的，繁荣的
v. 兴盛，兴隆( thrive的现在分词 ); 长得健壮
分布：繁荣的(50%)，兴旺的(30%)，旺盛的(20%)
VERB
欣欣向荣;茁壮成长;兴旺发达
If someone or something thrives, they do well and are successful, healthy, or strong.
例：Today his company continues to thrive...今天，他的公司继续蓬勃发展。
例：Lavender thrives in poor soil.薰衣草在贫瘠的土壤中茁壮生长。
VERB
(尤指在别人觉得困难的时候)以…为乐，可以出色应对
If you say that someone thrives on a particular situation, you mean that they enjoy it or that they can deal with it very well, especially when other people find it unpleasant or difficult.
例：Many people thrive on a stressful lifestyle...有许多人喜欢充满压力的生活方式。
例：Creative people are usually very determined and thrive on overcoming obstacles.富有创造力的人一般都意志非常坚定，能不断克服困难，事业蒸蒸日上。
adj. [经] 繁荣的；蒸蒸日上的；旺盛的
 - prosperous, flourishing
v. 兴旺（thrive的ing形式）
 - booming

Word: fed

Word: implant
Front: implant
[ɪmˈplɑ:nt] (宝 6359/14462 -1)
Vocabulary: implant
(once / 1777 pages)
vn
When you implant something, you place or embed it solidly: you might implant marbles in the damp concrete of a newly poured sidewalk, for example.
There are a couple of different ways to implant something — the first is to physically fix an item deeply, the way you might implant a croquet wicket in the ground. A more figurative way to implant is to settle an idea into someone's mind. You could accidentally implant a fear of highway driving in your younger brother's mind, for example, by telling him stories of traffic accidents. Implant comes from the French word implanter, "to insert."
WORD FAMILY
implant: implantation, implanted, implanting, implants+/implantation: implantations
USAGE EXAMPLES
That Israel never leaves the West Bank and that it implants Jewish settlers everywhere there.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Department of Health initiative is to avoid future scandals like the PIP breast implant scare of 2010.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The conservative group is also pushing for Trump to overturn the rule implanted by the Federal Communications Commission that treats broadband internet as a utility.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [医]移植物，植入管; 移植的组织
vt. 移植; 灌输; 植入，插入
vi. （受精卵）着床; 被移植
时态：implanted, implanting, implants
分布：移植(33%)，灌输(26%)，嵌入(19%)，植入物(14%)，移植物(5%)，深植(3%)
→im-,进入，使，plant,种植。引申词义移植，灌输。
播种;插入(im进+plant→种进去)[Plant=plant,表示"种植"]
【记】im进入，plant（v 种植）－植入
US [-'plænt] verb transitive
OBJECT 物体
■to put an organ, group of cells, or device into the body in a medical operation （手术中）植入，移植
• The owner's name and address is stored on a microchip and implanted in the dog's body. 主人的姓名和地址都储存在晶片中，然后植入犬只体内。
Compare transplant
UK [ɪm'plɑ:nt] US [-'plænt] verb transitive
IDEA 思想
■to fix ideas, feelings or opinions in someone else's mind 灌输
• He implanted some very strange attitudes in his children. 他向他的孩子灌输了一些奇怪的看法。
• There is much debate on the issue of "therapists" implanting false memories of sexual abuse in adults. 有些“治疗师”向成年人植入有关性虐待的虚假记忆，对此人们争论不休。
UK [ɪm'plɑ:nt] US [-'plænt] noun countable UK [ˈɪm.plɑːnt] US [-plænt/
■an organ, group of cells, or device that has been put into the body in a medical operation （手术中）植入，移植
• breast/heart valve implants 乳房填充物／人工心脏瓣膜
vt. 种植；灌输；嵌入
 - crop, plant, grow, bed

Word: aboriginal
Vocabulary: aboriginal
(once / 2678 pages)
adjn
The native, indigenous people of a country are often called aboriginals. In Canada, the First Nations — Inuits and Métis — would be considered aboriginals.
The adjective form of aboriginal is used to describe anything related to the native, indigenous people. You may visit a museum that has an exhibit of aboriginal art; or, if you're a linguist, you may study aboriginal languages. The adjective can also be used to describe something that is indigenous to a place and existed there from the beginning, such as "an aboriginal forest" that consists of old, old trees.
WORD FAMILY
aboriginal: aboriginally, aboriginals+/ aborigine: aboriginal, aborigines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Northern Gateway was approved by the previous Conservative government but a federal appeals court blocked it, ruling that aboriginal communities had not been adequately consulted.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
On shore, tent stalls offered mouth-watering fried fish and aboriginal millet wine beside the palm-fringed fishing harbour.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
School districts in the province are mandated to include “authentic aboriginal content into the curriculum,” the district’s lawyers pointed out.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)

Word: unification
Front: unification
[ˌju:nɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (宝 9994/7411 -2)
Vocabulary: unification
(once / 3866 pages)
n
Unification describes the bringing together of two or more things so they become a single unit. If your marriage turns your feuding families into one big happy group, you pulled off a unification that would make Romeo and Juliet jealous.
Unification comes from the word unify, which traces back to the Middle French word unifier, meaning "to make into one." Unification often happens in the corporate world, and you might have heard the term merger used to describe this process. If two or more companies decide to become a single company in order to benefit their business, they must first go through a legal process to complete the unification.
WORD FAMILY
unification: unifications+/disunify: disunified, disunifying/subunit: subunits/ unify: disunify, unification, unified, unifies, unifying / unifying: unifyingly/ unit: subunit, unify, unitise, unitize, units/unitise: unitisation/unitize: unitization, unitized, unitizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The men were sent back across the de facto maritime border in two of their boats, according to the Ministry of Unification in Seoul.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
In fact, only 1.5 percent of Taiwanese support immediate unification with China, with even less support among young people.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The centre was founded in 1977 by the controversial Unification Church.
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 统一，联合; 一致
分布：统一(97%)，一致(3%)
联合(uni+fic+ation)[un,uni=one,表示"单一,一个"]
【记】源于：unify（v 统一）
【反】divergence（n 分歧）
N-UNCOUNT
合一; 联合；统一
Unification is the process by which two or more countries join together and become one country.
例：...the process of general European unification.欧洲一体化进程
n. 统一；一致；联合
 - accordance, alliance, agreement, identity, combination, union, association

Word: wane
Front: wane
[weɪn] (托雅宝 10009/11402 -1)
Vocabulary: wane
(once / 886 pages)
nv
Things that wax and wane grow larger and smaller, like the moon. Things that wane simply grow smaller. "My initial enthusiasm for helping waned when I saw the pile of envelopes that needed licking."
You may have heard the expression "on the wane." It means a fad, or a fashion, or a disease, that is on its way out the door. "The face mask fad at school was on the wane as new reports of kids infected with a dreaded new fly virus waned."
WORD FAMILY
wane: waned, wanes, waning +/ waning: wanings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Those numbers definitely indicate automakers are trying to stimulate demand that might be waning a little bit,” Acevedo said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In the waning years of the Depression, the school was a job creator and bright spot in the metro Kansas City area.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Interest waned when, in lieu of detailed spending plans, Trump allies suggested the stimulus would consist of tax breaks.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 衰落; （月）亏，缺; 结束; 变暗淡
n. 衰退; 衰退期; 月亏期; 缺角方木
时态：waned, waning, wanes
分布：衰落(40%)，亏缺(20%)，变小(20%)，变弱(12%)，呈下弦(8%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wano,缺乏，空无，词源同want,waste。引申词义衰弱。
【记】拼：万恶（淫为首）－名声衰落
【反】intensify（vt 加强）
verb intransitive
■to become weaker in strength or influence 衰减；减弱
• By the late seventies the band's popularity was beginning to wane. 上世纪70年代末，这支乐队的人气开始下滑。
■formal
■The moon wanes when it gradually appears less and less round, after the full moon. （月亮）开始形成残月，亏缺 Compare wax
[weɪn] noun
on the wane
■(of power, popularity, etc.) becoming less strong （权力、人气等）衰落，减弱
• There are signs that support for the party is on the wane. 有迹象表明该党的支持率正日益下降。
vi. 衰落；变小；亏缺； [海洋] 退潮；消逝
 - decline, slump
n. [经] 衰退； [天] 月亏；衰退期；缺损
 - recession, downturn, decline

Word: adjustable
Front: adjustable
[əˈdʒʌstəbl] (六 10047/10358 -1)
Vocabulary: adjustable
(once / 8371 pages)
adj
Something that's adjustable can be changed or altered so that it works or fits better. A car's adjustable seat can accommodate both very tall and very short drivers.
Most belts are adjustable — you can make them larger or smaller depending on the size of your waist. Seat belts and ball caps are also adjustable, so that they conform to different bodies and heads. When a loan or mortgage from a bank is described as adjustable, it means that the interest rate changes periodically. The verb adjust came first, from the Old French ajouter, "to join," based on the Late Latin adiuxtare, "to bring near."
WORD FAMILY
adjustable: adjustably, unadjustable+/ adjust: adjustable, adjusted, adjuster, adjusting, adjustive, adjustment, adjusts, readjust / adjusted: unadjusted/adjuster: adjusters/ adjustment: adjustments/ readjust: readjusted, readjusting, readjustment, readjusts/ readjustment: readjustments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Luckily for Wilson, it only involves adjustable components rather than entire clubheads.
Golf Digest(Dec 12, 2016)
And yet, an upgrade path with General Motor’s HiPer Strut front suspension and adjustable dampers is but an option box away.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Meanwhile, an effort to allow a natural migration of Wind Cave elk out of the park through adjustable gates also met with little success.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 可调整的，可调节的
分布：可调整的(100%)
adjective
■able to be changed to suit particular needs 可调整的；可调节的
• The height of the steering wheel is adjustable. 方向盘的高度可以调节。
• Is the strap on this helmet adjustable? 这顶头盔的扣带可以调节吗？

Word: displaced
Front: displaced
[dɪs'pleɪst] (10029/15093)
Back: v. 移动( displace的过去式和过去分词 ); 替换; 移走; 撤职
分布：已位移的(34%)，代替的(33%)，动词displace的过去式和过去分词.(33%)
VERB
取代;代替;置换
If one thing displaces another, it forces the other thing out of its place, position, or role, and then occupies that place, position, or role itself.
例：These factories have displaced tourism as the country's largest source of foreign exchange...这些工厂已取代旅游业成为该国最大的外汇来源。
例：Coal is to be displaced by natural gas and nuclear power.煤炭将让位于天然气和核能。
VERB
迫使…离开家园;迫使…迁徙;迫使…背井离乡
If a person or group of people is displaced, they are forced to moved away from the area where they live.
例：In Europe alone thirty million people were displaced...仅在欧洲就有3,000万人被迫背井离乡。
例：Most of the civilians displaced by the war will be unable to return to their homes.许多因战乱而流离失所的百姓将无法重返家园。
adj. 无家可归的；位移的；被取代的
 - homeless, roofless
n. 无家可归者
 - dero
v. 取代（displace的过去分词）；移动…的位置；撤换
 - replaced

Word: sweet
Front: sweet
[swi:t] (中高 1567/2378 -K3)
Vocabulary: sweet
(once / 48 pages)
1adjn 2adjadv 3adj 4adj
Food that’s sweet is full of sugar, bad for your teeth, but oh so tasty. People who are sweet are super nice, like that sweet lunch lady who gives you an extra cookie.
Sweet can be an adjective or a noun. It can describe something pleasing to the senses, like a sweet song, or when you're playing basketball and get nothing but net. Sweet! As a noun, it's a confection, a little something for dessert. The poet Khalil Gibran said, “Friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity.” Don’t opportunistically take your friends for granted, or you could become the target of some sweet revenge.
WORD FAMILY
sweet: nonsweet, semisweet, sweeten, sweeter, sweetest, sweetish, sweetly, sweetness, sweets, unsweet+/sweeten: sweetened, sweetener, sweetening, sweetens/sweetened: unsweetened/sweetener: sweeteners/sweetening: sweetenings/sweetish: sweetishly/sweetness: sweetnesses/unsweet: unsweetly
USAGE EXAMPLES
"While these sweet treats might be well meaning, they are also contributing to the current obesity epidemic and poor oral health," he added.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The older woman keeps asking questions, and the woman in the trench coat responds to each one in a sweet, patient voice.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For Apple phones, the sweet spot is usually September after the company’s annual keynote product announcement.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 甜的; 愉快的，快乐的; 温柔的，亲切的; 芳香的
n. 糖果，甜食; 餐后的甜点心; 甜味; 宝贝
级别：sweeter, sweetest
分布：甜的(39%)，甜食(24%)，糖(20%)，悦耳的(8%)，芳香的(7%)，漂亮的(2%)
→来自古英语 swete,甜的，愉悦的，来自 Proto-Germanic*swotja,甜的，来自 swad,甜的， 词源同 suasion,persuade.引申诸相关词义。
a.甜的;可爱的,美好的n.(常pl.)糖果;甜食She met me in the Fleet Street and greeted me with a sweet smile.她在舰队街上遇见我,并对我致以甜甜的一笑.
adjective
TASTE 味道
 ESSENTIAL
■(especially of food or drink) having a taste similar to that of sugar; not bitter or salty （尤指食物或饮料）甜的
• The pineapple was sweet and juicy. 这个凤梨甜而多汁。
• Do you want your pancakes sweet or savoury? 您的煎饼是要甜的还是咸的?
[swi:t] adjective
PLEASANT 愉快的
■If an emotion or event is sweet, it is very pleasant and satisfying 愉快的，惬意的，令人满意的
• She was enjoying the sweet smell of success. 她沉浸在成功的喜悦中。
■If a sound is sweet, it is pleasant and easy to like （声音）甜美的，悦耳的，动听的
• She has a sweet singing voice. 她的歌声非常甜美。
■(especially of something or someone small) pleasant and attractive （尤指小东西或小孩子） 迷人的，漂亮的，吸引人的
• They live in a sweet little house. 他们住在一座漂亮的小房子里。
• What a sweet baby! 多可爱的小宝宝啊！
■kind and pleasant 温和的，和蔼的，讨人喜欢的
• I think Alex is really sweet. 我觉得亚历克斯的为人真好。
• It was sweet of you to help me. 您肯帮我真是太好了。
[swi:t] adjective
be sweet on sb old-fashioned informal
■to like someone very much in a romantic way 深爱，钟情于某人
• She's still sweet on him after all this time! 过了这么久她仍然深爱着他。
[swi:t] adjective
keep sb sweet
■to try to keep someone satisfied and pleased with you 取悦（某人），讨好某人
• We're allowing the French engineers to use our computers, to keep them sweet in case we need their help later on. 我们允许法国的工程师使用我们的电脑，以便打好关系，因为可能日后需要他们的帮助。
[swi:t] adjective
sweet fanny adams (abbreviation sweet FA) old-fashioned slang
■nothing 甚么也没有，无
• And what does she know about it? Sweet Fanny Adams! 她对此有甚么了解？她甚么也不知道！
[swi:t] noun
 IMPROVER countable UK (US candy)
■a small piece of sweet food, made of sugar 糖果
• She bought a packet of sweets to suck on the journey. 她买了一包糖果在路上吃。
 IMPROVER countable US
■any food with a lot of sugar in it 甜食
countable or uncountable UK
■sweet food eaten at the end of a meal 甜点
• There was only one sweet on the menu - chocolate cake with cream. 菜单上只有一种甜点——巧克力鲜奶油蛋糕。
[swi:t] noun
my sweet old-fashioned
■a way of talking to someone you love （亲昵的称呼）宝贝儿，亲爱的
adj. [食品] 甜的；芳香的；悦耳的；亲切的
 - harmonious, friendly, musical, fragrant, benign
n. 芳香；（英）糖果；宝贝（用作称呼）；乐趣
 - fun, joy, aroma, honey, enjoyment

Word: stakeholder
Front: stakeholder
[ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r)] (10021/27018)
Vocabulary: stakeholder
(once / 12429 pages)
n
A stakeholder is a person interested in a company. If you become CEO of a big company, you'll have to keep the interests of every stakeholder in mind, from the employees to the customers to the investors, whenever you make decisions.
Supposedly people used to gamble by putting their money on a wooden stake, and a person called a stakeholder who wasn't involved in the betting would supervise to make sure everything was fair. No one uses wooden stakes anymore, but we still call the person who holds the money and monitors the betting the stakeholder, and people often use stake to mean "risk," or "investment." That's why someone who is invested in a business is also called a stakeholder.
WORD FAMILY
stakeholder: stakeholders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Internet Governance Forum, a series of events sponsored by the UN, offers a place for all “stakeholders” to pitch in.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Then, the participants designed a private exhibit and invited key stakeholders such as campus police and administrators to bear witness to their photo narratives.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The W.C.S.N.E. is attended by “Policy Makers and Stakeholders who care deeply about bringing creative, innovative and rigorous learning practices barriers.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 股东; 利益相关者; 赌金保管者
分布：利益相关者(96%)，保管赌注的人(4%)
US [-ˌhoʊl.dɚ] noun countable
SHARE 份额
■a person or group of people who own a share in a business 持股人，股东
■a person such as an employee, customer or citizen who is involved with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success （组织、社团等的）利害关系人，有权益关系者
UK ['steɪkˌhəʊl.dər] US [-ˌhoʊl.dɚ] noun countable
RISK 风险
■a person who is in charge of the prize money given by people betting on the result of a game or competition and who gives it to the winner 赌金保管人

Word: willow
Front: willow
[ˈwɪləʊ] (六托雅宝 10016/8903 -1)
Back: n. 柳树; 柳木制品
v. 用打棉机打开和清理
分布：柳树(93%)，柳木制品(7%)
→来自wel,弯，转，编织，来自wei的扩大形式，弯，转，词源同wind,vine,involve.
N-COUNT
柳;柳树
A willow or a willow tree is a type of tree with long branches and long narrow leaves that grows near water.
n. [林] 柳树； [木] 柳木制品
 - Salix

Word: savage
Front: savage
[ˈsævɪdʒ] (高研六雅宝 10011/7623 -2)
Vocabulary: savage
(once / 97 pages)
adjnv
A polar bear in a zoo might look like an adorable giant stuffed animal, but if you met a hungry one in its native environment, it would seem more savage — wild and fierce — than cute.
Describing an animal as savage means that it is true to its wild, ferocious nature, but if you describe a person or the actions of a person as savage, it means "cruel" or "brutal." A place can also be described as savage if it's untamed, uninhabitable, and unwelcoming. When savage takes the form of a noun, it means "a brutal person," and when it's a verb it means "to attack ferociously." Any way you use it, savage is uncivilized and violent.
WORD FAMILY
savage: savaged, savagely, savageness, savager, savagery, savages, savagest, savaging+/savagery: savageries
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then Savage suffered a concussion during Sunday’s defeat at Tennessee.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But Savage’s status for this week is in question after he suffered a concussion in the second quarter of a loss to Tennessee on Sunday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The health of Tom Savage and Matt McGloin will be the deciding factors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 未开化的; 野蛮的; 凶猛的; 残忍的
vt. （动物）凶狠地攻击（或伤害）; 残害; 猛烈批评; 激烈抨击
n. 未开化的人，野蛮人; 野兽; <美>有拘捕狂的警察
时态：savaged, savaging, savages
分布：野蛮人(44%)，凶猛的(13%)，原始的(10%)，野性的(8%)，激烈抨击(6%)，粗鲁的(6%)，粗人(4%)，凶恶的人(4%)，猛烈攻击(3%)，荒野的(2%)
→来自古法语 sauvage,野人，来自拉丁语 salvaticus,野蛮的，来自 silva,森林，林地，词源同 sylvan, 森林。引申诸相关词义。
a.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的n.野人,未开化的人The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
【记】sav＝save节约，age年龄：节约年龄就是活得短－野蛮人
adjective
■extremely violent, wild or frightening 凶残的；凶猛的；野性的
• a savage dog/beast 凶猛的狗／野兽
• a brutal and savage attack 野蛮凶残的攻击
■very serious or cruel 无情的，冷酷的
• savage criticism 冷酷的批评
■very large and severe 巨大的；严重的
• savage cuts in education spending 教育支出的大幅缩减
['sæv.ɪdʒ] verb transitive
■If an animal savages someone, it attacks them violently and badly hurts them （动物）凶猛地攻击，撕咬
• The child was savaged by a dog. 那个孩子被狗咬伤了。
['sæv.ɪdʒ] noun countable offensive
■a person whose way of life is at a very early stage of development 野蛮人；未开化的人
• Twelve thousand years ago, our ancestors were primitive savages living in caves. 12000年以前，我们的祖先生活在洞穴里，是原始野蛮人。
brutal, ruthless, savage, fierce, inhuman, barbarous, cruel
这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，其区别是：
brutal: 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless: 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage: 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce: 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman: 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous: 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel: 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
adj. 野蛮的；残酷的；狂怒的；荒凉的
 - wild, cruel, iron, desert
n. 未开化的；粗鲁的人；残暴成性的人
 - yahoo, woodenness

Word: clipping
Front: clipping
[ˈklɪpɪŋ] (10035/19257 -1)
Back: n. 剪下物; 剪报; 剪辑; 零头衣料
adj. 剪的; <口>快速的; <俚>头等的; 恰好的
v. 用别针别在某物上，用夹子夹在某物上( clip的现在分词); 剪掉; 缩短; 给…剪毛（或发）
分布：剪(86%)，剪报(13%)，剪取物(1%)
noun
countable usually plural
■a piece that has been cut off something 剪下物
• grass/nail clippings 剪下的草屑／指甲
countable
■an article cut from a newspaper 剪报
• A friend sent me a newspaper clipping about someone we were at school with. 一位朋友寄给我一份关于我们以前某个同学的剪报。
n. 剪裁，剪断；剪报，剪辑；剪下物，剪下的东西
 - cutting, tailoring
adj. 头等的，第一流的；极好的，恰好的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, classical

Word: mashed
Front: mashed
[mæʃt] (10025/21182)
Back: v. 把…捣成泥，压碎( mash的过去式和过去分词 ); 烂
分布：捣烂的(78%)，动词mash的过去式和过去分词形式.(22%)
adjective
■crushed 捣成泥状的，捣烂的
• UK mashed potato/ US and UKmashed potatoes 马铃薯泥
adj. 捣碎的；捣烂的；被捣成糊状的
 - pounded
v. 捣碎；调情（mash的过去分词）
 - pounded

Word: clinician
Front: clinician
[klɪˈnɪʃn] (10069/13339 -1)
Back: n. 临床医生，门诊医师
分布：临床医生(100%)
[klɪ'nɪʃ.ən] specialized
noun countable
■someone, such as a doctor, who is qualified in an area of very skilled health work 临床医师

Word: styling
Front: styling
[ˈstaɪlɪŋ] (10018/10879 -1)
Back: n. 款式，式样
分布：造型(56%)，设计(36%)，式样(7%)，动词style的现在分词.(1%)
noun uncountable
■used in the name of products or devices which are used for shaping a person's hair （头发的）定型
• styling mousse/gel 定型慕丝／发胶
• a styling comb 定型梳
n. 款式，式样
 - cut, getup

Word: mantra
Front: mantra
[ˈmæntrə] (10040/23082 -1)
Vocabulary: mantra
(once / 5356 pages)
n
A mantra is a motivating chant, like the “I think I can, I think I can” you repeat over and over to yourself on the last stretch of every marathon you run.
A mantra is usually any repeated word or phrase, but it can also refer more specifically to a word repeated in meditation. Mantra comes from a Sanskrit word meaning a “sacred message or text, charm, spell, counsel.” The Indian spiritual leader Sri Sathya Baba said, “A pure thought from a pure heart is better than a mantra.” Meaning, a mantra is great and all, but really, pure intentions and genuine kindness mean more.
WORD FAMILY
mantra: mantras
USAGE EXAMPLES
The council's mantra to business owners like Mrs Denby is that it is "short-term pain for long-term gain".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Sanchez and others are repeating the security mantra: If you see something suspicious, say something to police.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A second song, “I See a Victory,” is sort of the film’s mantra, Melfi said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 颂歌，圣歌; 咒语
分布：口头禅；颂歌(100%)
→来自梵语mantra,神圣的经文，咒语，来自men,思想，思考，词源同mind,mania.
noun countable
■(especially in Hinduism and Buddhism) a word or sound which is believed to have a special spiritual power （尤指印度教和佛教中的）曼特罗，曼怛罗，咒语
• A personal mantra is sometimes repeated as an aid to meditation or prayer. 有时候人们会反复念一个自己选用的咒语来帮助冥想或祈祷。
■a word or phrase which is often repeated and which sometimes expresses a belief 口号
• The crowds chanted that familiar football mantra: "Here we go, here we go, here we go..." 人群反复高喊着那个熟悉的足球口号：“加油！加油！加油……”
n. 咒语（尤指四吠陀经典内作为咒文或祷告唱念的）；颂歌
 - incantation, magic words

Word: pickle
Front: pickle
[ˈpɪkl] (六 10048/12016 -1)
Vocabulary: pickle
(once / 899 pages)
1nv 2n
A pickle is a food that's made by soaking vegetables in brine or vinegar. If you are wondering what that crunchy green wedge beside your sandwich is, it just may be a pickle.
While the most familiar pickles in the US are the thin disks or small, crunchy pickled cucumbers you can buy in jars, there are many other kinds of pickles. You can pickle just about any vegetable, from beets to okra to cucumbers — or even hard boiled eggs. In South Asian cuisines, pickle is a delicious spicy relish served aside many dishes. And if you find yourself in a really messy situation, you can say, "Wow, what a pickle."
WORD FAMILY
pickle: pickled, pickles, pickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The report was compiled by a former cabinet minister, Eric Pickles, who called Tower Hamlets a “wake-up call” when introducing it.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Most dishes are perked up with pickled vegetables, fresh herbs or other lively additions.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 腌渍（泡菜等）
n. 腌菜，泡菜; 腌制食品; 遇到麻烦，处于困境
时态：pickled, pickling, pickles
分布：泡(37%)，泡菜(35%)，腌(22%)，腌汁(6%)
→来自荷兰语pekel,卤水，腌菜，最终词源不详，据说是来自中世纪发明这种腌菜的一个荷兰渔夫的名字。
noun
countable or uncountable
■(a sauce made from) vegetables or fruit which have been preserved in a vinegar sauce or salty water 腌菜，泡菜；酱菜
• cheese and pickle sandwiches 起司和腌菜三明治
• Have some pickles with your salad. 在沙拉里加点泡菜。
countable US
■a cucumber which has been preserved in vinegar or salty water, or slices of this 腌黄瓜（片）
• a sweet/sour pickle 甜／酸黄瓜
['pɪk.l] noun
be in a (pretty/right) pickle old-fashioned
■to be in a difficult situation 处于困境
['pɪk.l] verb transitive
■to preserve vegetables or fruit in a vinegar sauce or salty water （用醋或盐水）腌制，腌渍
• The onions had been pickled in brine. 洋葱已经在盐水中腌过了。
n. 泡菜；盐卤；腌制食品
 - sourcrout, bittern
vt. 泡；腌制
 - steep, dip

Word: immensely
Front: immensely
[ɪˈmensli] (10037/6930 -1)
Vocabulary: immensely
(once / 843 pages)
adv
Immensely is an adverb that means vastly, or very, or hugely. An immensely good time is a really, really good time.
If you know that immense means huge, then you probably already have a sense of what immensely means. It's a word for describing the enormous degree of something. A New York Times bestseller is an immensely popular book. Any offensive lineman is an immensely large human being. The earth is immensely old. A mouse can't be described as doing anything immensely, but an elephant does things immensely all the time.
WORD FAMILY
immense: immensely, immenseness, immenser, immensest, immensity +/ immensity: immensities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though simple in principle the tax proved to be immensely complex in practice.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“She’s an immensely powerful woman, and I just admire my mother very much,” Fisher told NPR’s Fresh Air last month.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“She’s an immensely powerful woman, and I just admire my mother very much,” Carrie Fisher said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 极大地，广大地; 无限地，庞大地; 〈口〉非常，很; “immense”的派生
分布：无限地(63%)，极大地(37%)
adverb
■extremely 非常，极其
• He was immensely popular in his day. 在他那个时代，他非常受欢迎。
• She's an immensely talented young athlete. 她是个才华洋溢的年轻运动员。
adv. 极大地；无限地；广大地；庞大地
 - extensively, vastly

Word: patronage
Front: patronage
[ˈpætrənɪdʒ] (托宝 10066/6185 -1)
Vocabulary: patronage
(once / 836 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
If you give a store or business your support (financial or otherwise) as a customer or client, you are giving them your patronage. Great philanthropists are often known for their patronage, or financial support, of the arts.
In the days of classical art, composers like Bach or painters like Michelangelo were supported by patrons, whose patronage, or financial support paid the artists' ways. Patronage is still an important part of our world, but you have to be careful: If your senator is accused of political patronage, people are accusing that senator of exchanging jobs or other favors in return for political support. This is not a good thing.
WORD FAMILY
patronage: patronaged, patronages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spots on the board are prime patronage gifts.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
There is also the case of Pinto, who garnered extraordinary attention thanks to Obama’s patronage.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Patronage grew 13 percent last year to 115,000, an influx similar to the entire population of Bellevue every day.
Seattle Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 资助，赞助; 光顾，惠顾; 任免权; 支援，保护
分布：赞助(71%)，光顾(21%)，任免权(8%)
→来自patron,赞助，-age,名词后缀。
赞助,惠客(patron赞助人)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
/'peɪ.trən.ɪdʒ] noun uncountable
SUPPORT 资助
■the support given to an organization by someone 赞助，资助
• The Conservative Party enjoys the patronage of much of the business community. 保守党获得了众多企业的资助。
■mainly disapproving
■the power of a person to give someone an important job or position 任命权
• Patronage is a potent force if used politically. 任命权用在政治上会成为一种强大的力量。
['pæt.rə.nɪdʒ] /'peɪ.trən.ɪdʒ] noun uncountable
CUSTOMERS 顾客 formal
■the business given to a shop or restaurant, etc. by its customers 惠顾，光顾
• We would like to thank all of our customers for their patronage in the past. 我们衷心感谢所有顾客过去的惠顾。
n. 赞助；光顾；任免权
 - sponsorship, auspice

Word: watchdog
Front: watchdog
[ˈwɒtʃdɒg] (雅 10046/10240 -1)
Back: n. 看门狗，看家狗; 监视者
分布：看门狗(88%)，看守(7%)，看守者(5%)
US ['wɑ:tʃ.dɑ:g] noun countable
ORGANIZATION 组织
■a person or organization responsible for making certain that companies obey particular standards and do not act illegally 监督人；监察机构
• The Countryside Commission was set up as the government's official watchdog on conservation. 设立了乡村委员会，作为政府保护自然资源的官方监察机构。
UK ['wɒtʃ.dɒg] US ['wɑ:tʃ.dɑ:g] noun countable
DOG 狗 US for guard dog
n. 看门狗；监察人；忠实的看守人
 - WinDog, big dog

Word: stationary
Front: stationary
[ˈsteɪʃənri] (研六托雅宝 10049/9667 -1)
Vocabulary: stationary
(once / 1485 pages)
adj
Stationary means not moving. A stationary bike is the kind you find in the gym –– you pedal and pedal, but you just don’t go anywhere.
Something stationary is staying right where it is, like that bike, or anything else that doesn’t budge. If your car crashes into a stationary van, it’s probably your fault because that van was parked. If your aunt is sick and in the hospital and has been that way for a while, the doctor might say her condition is stationary. Animals that don’t migrate are stationary. Troops that aren’t marching are stationary. Something stationary is still.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
stationary / stationery
Make sure you're stationary, or still, while you jot down a love letter on your fancy stationery, so the writing isn't all squiggly.
Why do these words sound so similar? They're kissing cousins.They both come from the Latin stationarius, meaning "a seller in a fixed location." Our modern stationary means still, unmovable, like bad weather that lingers or a parked car:
A disturbance in the southwestern Caribbean is expected to remain stationary for the next few days, the National Hurricane Center said. (Sun Sentinel)
Police confirmed an incident at 6.50pm on Sunday, October 17, when a blue Rover collided with a stationary vehicle. (Chesterfield Post)
Stationery (with an "e") also comes from stationarius, but not as directly. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, "Roving peddlers were more common in the Middle Ages; sellers with a fixed location were often bookshops licensed by universities," thus the connection between paper and staying still. Today, stationery is writing paper, the kind you put resumes and wedding invitations on:
People sent me Hallmark cards, handwritten notes on lined paper, typed letters on formal stationery, even telegrams. (Time Magazine)
Ms. Staller is the owner of Rosetta Papers, which offers a wide variety of customized invitations, stationery, holiday cards and announcements. (ad for Rosetta Papers)
An easy way to keep stationary and stationery straight is to connect the er in stationery to the paper it's made from.
WORD FAMILY
stationary: stationariness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The 33-year-old male victim was a passenger in a stationary car.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
According to the National Fire Protection Association, 40 percent of home heating fires and 84 percent of resulting deaths involve stationary or portable space heaters.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不动的，固定的; 静止的，不变的; 常备军的; 定居的
n. 不动的人; 驻军; 固定物
分布：稳定的(71%)，驻军(29%)
→来自拉丁语 stare,站立，使固定，来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,state.-ation,名词后缀，-ary, 形容词后缀。引申词义固定的，静止的。
不动的;稳定的(station站+ary→站着的→不动的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
静止的(station车站;驻扎)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
a.静止的,固定的Wait until the bus is stationary before you get off.你要等公共汽车停稳了再下车.
【区】stationery（n 文具；信纸）
【反】peripatetic（adj 逍遥学派的；走来走去的）
US [-ʃə.ner-] adjective
■not moving, or not changing 静止的；不变的；稳定的
• a stationary car/train 停着的汽车／火车
• The traffic got slower and slower until it was stationary. 车流移动得越来越慢，最后完全不动了。
• The rate of inflation has been stationary for several months. 通货膨胀率已经几个月保持不变。
adj. 固定的；静止的；定居的；常备军的
 - standing, settled, still, resident, set

Word: imagined
Front: imagined
[iˈmædʒind] (10038/13918)
Back: v. 想( imagine的过去式和过去分词 ); 想像; 料想; 误认为
分布：想像(52%)，设想(25%)，猜想(10%)，认为(7%)，料想(6%)
VERB
想象;设想
If you imagine something, you think about it and your mind forms a picture or idea of it.
例：He could not imagine a more peaceful scene...他想象不出比这更祥和的景象。
例：She couldn't imagine living in a place like that...她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
VERB
猜测;猜想;认为
If you imagine that something is the case, you think that it is the case.
例：I imagine you're referring to Jean-Paul Sartre...我猜你说的是让－保罗·萨特。
例：We tend to imagine that the Victorians were very prim and proper...我们往往认为维多利亚时代的人们都一本正经,谨言慎行。
VERB
臆想;幻想
If you imagine something, you think that you have seen, heard, or experienced that thing, although actually you have not.
例：I realised that I must have imagined the whole thing.我意识到大概整件事都是我臆想出来的。
adj. 想象的；构想的
 - ideal, conceptional

Word: palpable
Front: palpable
[ˈpælpəbl] (宝 10039/18766 -1)
Vocabulary: palpable
(once / 926 pages)
adj
When something is palpable, you can touch or handle it, even though the word is often used to describe things that usually can't be handled or touched, such as emotions or sensations.
You probably won't see palpable used to describe, say, an egg or a doorknob or a motorcycle. Palpable is usually reserved for situations in which something invisible becomes so intense that it feels as though it has substance or weight. When the towers came down, the sense of sadness was so great, it was palpable.
WORD FAMILY
palpable: impalpable, palpability, palpablest, palpably+/impalpability: impalpabilities/ impalpable: impalpability, impalpably/palpability: palpabilities/ palpate: palpable, palpated, palpates, palpating, palpation, palpatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The unemployment rate is distressing; the impoverishment of the population is palpable everywhere; our social protection system is in deficit and is in peril.”
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Belief in the unseen is palpable, a collective consciousness powerful and present.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Their presence is palpable throughout the museum there, depending on the changing exhibits, with the artifacts that helped define their careers.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 明白的，明显的; 可感知的，摸得出的
分布：明显的(84%)，易觉察的(12%)，可摸到的(4%)
→来自palpate,触摸。
摸得着的(palp+able能...的)[palp=feel,表示"感觉,摸"]
【记】palp摸，able一摸得到的一明显的
【反】subtle（adj 微妙的）
adjective
■so obvious that it can easily be seen or known, or (of a feeling) so strong that it seems as if it can be touched or physically felt 可感知的，易察觉的；触摸得到的
• a palpable effect 明显的效果
• Her joy was palpable. 她的快乐全写在脸上。
adj. 明显的； [医] 可感知的；易觉察的
 - obvious, distinct, visible, evident

Word: virgin
Front: virgin
[ˈvɜ:dʒɪn] (研六 10055/4131 -2)
Vocabulary: virgin
(once / 647 pages)
nadj
A virgin is someone who has never had sex. After you have sex, you've lost your virginity. We can also say an unharvested forest is a virgin forest.
Virgins haven't had sex yet. But this word is also used in a non-sexual sense to describe something that remains pristine, untouched, or uninitiated. A virgin resource hasn't been used yet. If you've never given a speech, someone might call you a "public speaking virgin." So virgin always means inexperienced or unused, whether you're talking about sex or something else.
WORD FAMILY
virgin: virginal, virginity, virginly, virgins+/virginal: virginally, virginals/ virginity: virginities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indonesia has a moratorium on new licenses for logging in virgin forests but deforestation has continued largely unabated.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Affleck, a longtime vegan, was asking a waitress about dishes heading to other tables and inquiring about the coconut milk in a virgin pina colada.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
More recently, as we’ve seen, there is also high demand for tender coconut water and virgin coconut oil.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 处女，童男; 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母）
adj. 处女的; 纯洁的; 原始的; 未使用的
分布：处女(84%)，纯洁的(5%)，原始的(5%)，未婚女子(3%)，未开发的(3%)
→来自拉丁语virgo,少女，未结婚的姑娘，来自virga,绿枝，嫩枝，词源同verge.
n.处女a.处女的;纯洁的;原始的;未使用的There are vast expanses of virgin land in the remote regions.在边远地区有大片大片未开垦的处女地.
US ['vɝ:-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who has never had sex 处女；童男
• She remained a virgin till she was over thirty. 她三十多岁了还是处女之身。
• D'you think he's still a virgin? 你觉得他还是童男吗？
■humorous
■a person with no experience of a particular activity 从未有过…经历的人；新手
UK ['vɜ:.dʒɪn] US ['vɝ:-] adjective
NATURAL 原始的
■describes a forest or an area of land which has not yet been cultivated (= used to grow crops) or used by people （森林等）未开发的，原始状态的
• The railway is being extended into areas of virgin forest. 这条铁路一直延伸到原始森林地带。
■describes oil, especially olive oil , which is made directly from pressing the fruit, rather than by using heat （油，尤指橄榄油）初榨的，直接提取的
• extra virgin olive oil 特级初榨橄榄油
[before noun] literary
■pure and not spoilt, especially when describing something white （尤指白色物品）纯洁的，未玷污的
• a virgin sheet of paper (= one not written on) 一张白纸
UK ['vɜ:.dʒɪn] US ['vɝ:-] adjective
PERSON 人
[before noun]
■never having had sex 处女；童男
• a virgin bride 贞洁的新娘
UK ['vɜ:.dʒɪn] US ['vɝ:-] adjective
virgin territory
■a completely new area of activity 未开发的领域
• The BBC is moving into virgin territory by producing comic programmes of this type. 制作这种滑稽搞笑型的节目是想要进入以前从未涉足的领域。
single, virgin, maiden
这组词都有“未婚者，孤身一人”的意思，其区别是：
single: 指尚未结婚的人，但更多指终生不结婚的人。
virgin: 通常指未婚者，贞洁未被玷污的人，或指婚烟关系尚未完成者。
maiden: 与virgin含义相近，但更着重年轻与未婚，或未曾发生过任何两性关系。
adj. [妇产] 处女的；纯洁的；未经利用的，处于原始状态的
 - stainless, pure, white
n. [妇产] 处女
 - Parthenos, demi-vierge

Word: periphery
Front: periphery
[pəˈrɪfəri] (托雅宝 10065/11699 -1)
Vocabulary: periphery
(once / 3023 pages)
n
When something is on the periphery of your vision, you can only see it when you’re looking sideways. Periphery means outside the boundary of something.
If you’re on the periphery of a group, you’re close to it but not part of it. A band on the periphery of a particular scene might have opened for another band a few times, but it's never headlined or gotten their big break. Periphery comes from a Greek word meaning "to carry around."
WORD FAMILY
periphery: peripheral, peripheries+/ peripheral: peripherally, peripherals
USAGE EXAMPLES
With croplands on the periphery of these urban hubs in peril, ensuring food security is set to become an important part of that mandate, too.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Which groups are marginalized or at the periphery?
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
But the 2016 season knocked Washington off that course, leaving Taylor, who turns 26 in March, on the periphery again entering 2017.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 边缘; 圆周; 外围; 边缘地带
分布：外围(50%)，周边(28%)，边缘(22%)
→peri-,在周围，-pher,带来，词源同bring,pheromone.引申词义外围，边缘。
外围,不重要部分(peri+pher带有＋y→带到周围→外围)[peri-表示"周围,靠近"]
周边,周围环境(peri四周)[pher=bring(带来)]
【反】center（n 中心）；essence（n 基本；本质）；core（n 果核；中心）；important part（重要部分）；central area（中心地带）
US [-'rɪf.ɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■the outer edge of an area 周边，边缘，外围
• Houses have been built on the periphery of the factory site. 厂址的周边地区盖起了房子。
• The ring road runs around the periphery of the city centre. 环状道路把市中心的周边地带连接起来。
■the less important part of a group or activity （某一团体或活动的）次要部分，边缘
• Many women feel they are being kept on the periphery of the armed forces. 许多女性感到她们在武装部队中被边缘化了。
n. 外围， [地理] 边缘；圆周；圆柱体表面
 - margin, suburb

Word: cosmetics
Front: cosmetics
[kɒz'metɪks] (10043/-)
Back: n. 美容品; 化妆品( cosmetic的名词复数 ); 脂粉
分布：化妆品(100%)
N-COUNT
化妆品; 美容品
Cosmetics are substances such as lipstick or powder, which people put on their face to make themselves look more attractive.
ADJ
装门面的;表面的
If you describe measures or changes as cosmetic, you mean they improve the appearance of a situation or thing but do not change its basic nature, and you are usually implying that they are inadequate.
例：It is a cosmetic measure which will do nothing to help the situation long term...这项举措只是表面文章，长期来看对于改善情况不会有任何帮助。
例：In general, the students view these changes as merely cosmetic.大体上，学生们认为这些变化只是表面文章。
n. [化工] 化妆品（cosmetic的复数）；装饰品
 - ornaments, decorations

Word: continual
Front: continual
[kənˈtɪnjuəl] (研四六托 10050/7561 -2)
Vocabulary: continual
(once / 160 pages)
adj
The adjective continual describes something that's recurring, that happens again and again. If your pet wolf keeps up his continual howling all night, your neighbors will let you know about it.
Something continual doesn't seem to stop. Your continual nightmares about terrifying clowns occur night after night, and the continual interruptions of your adorable nephew while you're talking on the phone will probably seem less and less cute the longer they continue. The Latin root word is continuus, "uninterrupted," and if you're truly talking about something going on without pause, you'll want to use the word continuous instead.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
continual / continuous
The words continual and continuous are like twins: they both come from continue, but they get mad if you get them confused. Continual means start and stop, while continuous means never-ending.
Continual things come and go, like arguments or rain. If your parents' continual arguing drives you crazy, just be glad they stop sometimes! With continual rain, you'll get some sunny breaks, as Ireland's forecasters like to say. Or in this bit about the birth of Lynyrd Skynyrd:
There were continual battles between authority figures like Skinner and the free spirits who formed the band. (herald-review.com)
Continuous, on the other hand, is nonstop. If the young Skynyrds had a continuous argument with authority, they'd never stop, not even to sing "Free Bird." With continuous rain, you'll never see the sun. A flight or a wire can be continuous:
Jongeward and Woodhouse ended up breaking the record for continuous flight. They stayed in the air for 1,124 hours. (Yuma Sun)
A telegraphic signal would go more than seven times around the earth in one second if it travelled on one continuous wire. (Elmer Ellsworth Burns)
Continual is chronic, like a cough that comes and goes, or a teenager's sporadic fights with The Man. Continuous is like a circle, or a nightmare carousel that never ever stops. Neither one is the evil twin; they're both moody.
WORD FAMILY
continual: continually
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the spirit of continual change, this summer we tried something new.
New York Times(Aug 18, 2012)
“Our collaboration is a continual joy for me.”
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s continual release will be slow, to nearly 70 theaters Dec. 16 and in the 300 range by Christmas.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 不间断的; 不停的; 多次重复的; 频繁的
分布：不断的(58%)，连续的(22%)，频繁的(20%)
a.不断的,连续的,频繁的I hate these continual arguments.我讨厌这种无休止的争论.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■happening repeatedly, usually in an annoying or not convenient way （通常指令人讨厌或引起不便地）频频的，频繁的，再三的
• I've had continual problems with this car ever since I bought it. 自从我买回这车，它就常常出毛病。
• I'm sorry - I can't work with these continual interruptions. 对不起——干扰不断，我无法工作。
continuous, continual, constant, consistent
continuous: 不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
continual: 频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health.
constant: 不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
consistent: 一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his words.
continuous, constant, continual, incessant
这组词都有“不断的，不停的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。
 • Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.   我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant: a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。
 • Everything in the universe is in constant motion.   宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
continual: a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
 • That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.   那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。
incessant: a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。
 • Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.   持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
constant, continual, consist, frequent
constant: 恒久不变的
continual: 多次重复的，不间断的
consist: 由…组成
frequent: 日常的，频繁的
continuous, constant, continual, persistent, successive
这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
constant: 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
continual: 强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
persistent: 普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
successive: 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
adj. 持续不断的；频繁的
 - frequent

Word: bubble
Front: bubble
[ˈbʌbl] (研四托雅宝 4104/5570 -K2)
Vocabulary: bubble
(once / 396 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A bubble is a floating ball of air. You can also blow a bubble with gum. If you’re in your own little bubble, you’re living in a fantasy, separated from the rest of the world by a thin layer of your imagination.
Whether you're blowing bubbles in the park or enjoying a bubble bath, those physical bubbles are made of liquid and gas. If something bubbles up, it comes to the surface. That can be an actual bubble or a just a feeling. A bubble can also be an idea that won’t work either because it’s a fantasy or because it’s an uncontrollable scheme, like a housing or economic bubble. The thing about bubbles is that they burst.
WORD FAMILY
bubble: bubbled, bubbler, bubbles, bubbling, bubbly +/bubbling: bubblingest, bubblingly/ bubbly: bubblier, bubblies, bubbliest, bubbliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Slowly, a pinch of doubt about the bold move that Duncan was attempting bubbled to the surface.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Let’s examine each of these bubbles to see why.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
The Austrian innovation produces small physical bubbles in an area above its touchscreen which delivers refresh double lines of dynamic Braille.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 泡，水泡; 冒泡，起泡; 泡影，妄想; （欲表达的）一点感情
vt. & vi. 起泡，使冒气泡
vi. 使冒泡，发出冒泡的声音; 洋溢着（某种感情）; 滔滔不绝地讲; 兴奋，欢闹
时态：bubbled, bubbling, bubbles
分布：气泡(59%)，冒泡(18%)，起泡(13%)，泡影(9%)，充满...感情(1%)
→拟声词。
n.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾The bulk of the ruby rubbish on the pebble bubbles when stirred by bulbed rubber club.小卵石上的大部分红宝石废料在用有球状突起的橡胶短棍搅动是会起泡.
【区】bubble有u像个锅可以烧开水－气泡babble（v 说傻话），《bad boy》puddle（n 小水坑），u象小水坑pebble（n 小卵石），
noun
AIR BALL 气泡
 ADVANCED countable
■a ball of air in a liquid, or a delicate hollow sphere floating on top of a liquid or in the air 泡；气泡；泡沫
• As water begins to boil, bubbles rise ever faster to the surface. 水开了，气泡更快地升向水面。
• I love champagne - I think it's the bubbles that make it so nice. 我喜欢香槟——我觉得它的美妙之处在于它的气泡。
['bʌb.l] noun
GOOD PERIOD 成功时期
countable usually singular
■a temporary period of very successful economic performance by a country, which is often followed by sudden economic failure 经济泡沫
• Japan's economic bubble 日本的经济泡沫
['bʌb.l] noun
the bubble bursts
■If the bubble bursts, a very happy, pleasant or successful time suddenly ends 泡沫破碎；（快乐或成功时期）突然结束，告吹
• He made millions before the dot.com bubble burst. 在纲际网路泡沫爆破之前他赚了几百万。
['bʌb.l] verb intransitive
■to produce bubbles 冒泡
• We could hear the porridge bubbling away (= bubbling strongly) in the pot. 我们能听见锅子里的粥咕嘟咕嘟的冒泡声。
['bʌb.l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bubble over
■to be very excited and enthusiastic 无比激动
• She was bubbling over with excitement/enthusiasm. 她兴奋／热切之情溢于言表。
n. [涂料] 气泡，泡沫，泡状物；透明圆形罩，圆形顶
 - foam, yeast
vi. 沸腾，冒泡；发出气泡声
 - boil, intumesce
vt. 使冒泡；滔滔不绝地说
 - gush over

Word: pitching
Front: pitching
['pɪtʃɪŋ] (10056/38169)
Back: n. 铺地石，俯仰
v. 投( pitch的现在分词 ); 用沥青涂; 排列; 把…定于特定角度
分布：动词pitch的现在分词形式.(100%)
N-COUNT
（足球、板球、曲棍球等运动的）球场
A pitch is an area of ground that is marked out and used for playing a game such as football, cricket, or hockey.
例：There was a swimming-pool, cricket pitches, playing fields...有一个游泳池、几个板球场和运动场。
例：Their conduct both on and off the pitch was excellent.他们场上场下都表现出众。
VERB
（通常指仔细瞄准后用力）投，掷，扔，抛
If you pitch something somewhere, you throw it with quite a lot of force, usually aiming it carefully.
例：Simon pitched the empty bottle into the lake.西蒙把空瓶子扔到湖里。
VERB
（猛地）向前跌倒
To pitch somewhere means to fall forwards suddenly and with a lot of force.
例：The movement took him by surprise, and he pitched forward...这一动使他冷不防地向前摔倒。
例：Alan staggered sideways, pitched head-first over the low wall and fell into the lake...艾伦身子倒向一侧，一头栽过矮墙，跌进了湖里。
VERB
迫使…进入（新的境地）
If someone is pitched into a new situation, they are suddenly forced into it.
例：They were being pitched into a new adventure...他们正被抛入一场新的冒险。
例：This could pitch the government into confrontation with the workforce.这有可能把政府推向与工人正面交锋的境地。
VERB
（棒球或跑柱式棒球运动中）把（球）投给击球员
In the game of baseball or rounders, when you pitch the ball, you throw it to the batter for them to hit it.
例：We passed long, hot afternoons pitching a baseball.我们通过投棒球玩打发了一个个漫长、炎热的下午。
N-UNCOUNT
音高
The pitch of a sound is how high or low it is.
例：He raised his voice to an even higher pitch.他把音调抬得更高了。
VERB
为…定音高；为…定调
If a sound is pitched at a particular level, it is produced at the level indicated.
例：His cry is pitched at a level that makes it impossible to ignore...他的哭喊声之大让人没法不理睬。
例：His voice was pitched high, the words muffled by his crying...他的声音很高，嘴里的话因哭泣而含混不清。
VERB
把…定（在特定的水平、难易程度等上）
If something is pitched at a particular level or degree of difficulty, it is set at that level.
例：I think the material is pitched at too high a level for our purposes...我想相对于我们的意图来说，内容定得过难了。
例：The government has pitched High Street interest rates at a new level.政府已设定了新的商业利率水平。
N-SING
程度；强度；极点；顶点
If something such as a feeling or a situation rises to a high pitch, it rises to a high level.
例：I feel very sorry for the competitors who have all worked themselves up to a very high pitch for this first day...我为第一天就已耗费相当大体力的参赛者感到非常惋惜。
例：Tension has reached such a pitch that the armed forces say soldiers may have to use their weapons to defend themselves against local people.紧张关系已达白热化程度，武装部队说士兵有可能不得不使用武器保护自己不受当地民众的伤害。
VERB
搭（帐篷）；扎（营）
If you pitch your tent, or pitch camp, you put up your tent in a place where you are going to stay.
例：He had pitched his tent in the yard...他在院子里搭起了帐篷。
例：At dusk we pitched camp in the middle of nowhere.黄昏时分，我们在茫茫荒野中扎了营。
VERB
（船只在海浪中）上下颠簸，纵摇
If a boat pitches, it moves violently up and down with the movement of the waves when the sea is rough.
例：The ship is pitching and rolling in what looks like about fifteen foot seas.这只船在看起来约有15英尺高的海浪中上下左右颠簸。
N-UNCOUNT
沥青；柏油
Pitch is a black substance that is sticky when it is hot and very hard when it is dry. Pitch is used on the bottoms of boats and on the roofs of houses to prevent water getting in.
例：The timbers of similar houses were painted with pitch.类似房屋所用的栋木刷了沥青。
PHRASE
为…作宣传；替…说好话
If someone makes a pitch for something, they try to persuade people to do or buy it.
例：The President speaks in New York today, making another pitch for his economic program...总统今天在纽约发表讲话，再一次为他的经济计划作宣传。
例：Prue invited the magazine's editor to lunch and made her pitch.普吕邀请该杂志的编辑共进午餐，推销自己的点子。
adj. 倾斜的；陡的
 - gradient, raked
v. 使倾斜（pitch的ing形式）；投掷；用沥青涂；为…定调
 - casting

Word: imperfect
Front: imperfect
[ɪmˈpɜ:fɪkt] (10063/11236 -1)
Vocabulary: imperfect
(once / 394 pages)
1adj 2n
Something imperfect has flaws, errors, or problems. Imperfect is the opposite of perfect.
Imperfect comes from the Latin word imperfectus, meaning “incomplete." If you have an imperfect knowledge of French, you might be able to order a coffee in Paris but not chat with the waiter. Something imperfect is unfinished or damaged in some way. Scuffed silver shoes are imperfect. A great baseball player who makes one error is imperfect. Getting 100 on a test is perfect, but getting a 98 is imperfect. If it’s lacking something, it’s imperfect.
WORD FAMILY
imperfect: imperfectly, imperfectness, imperfects+/imperfectible: imperfectibility/ imperfection: imperfections/ perfect: imperfect, perfected, perfectedly, perfecter, perfectest, perfectible, perfecting, perfection, perfective, perfectly, perfects/perfecter: perfecters/perfectible: imperfectible, perfectibility/ perfection: imperfection, perfectionism, perfections/perfectionism: perfectionist / perfectionist: perfectionists/perfective: imperfective
USAGE EXAMPLES
She and her mother were both clever, heads-held-high victims of those laughably imperfect men.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a disconcerting moment even within a film grounded in the imperfect logic of memory.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
We are imperfect human beings and we all hurt others, just as we are hurt by them.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有缺点的，不完美的; [语]未完成过去时的; [生]只有雄蕊或雌蕊的; [法]在法律上不能实施的
n. 处理品，瑕疵品; [语]未完成式
分布：不完美的(88%)，有缺点的(9%)，未完善的(3%)
→im-,不，非，perfect,完美的。
US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
NOT PERFECT 不完美的
■damaged, containing problems or not having something 有缺陷的；不完美的；不完全的
• We're living in an imperfect world. 我们生活的世界并不完美。
• I explained as well as I was able, given my own imperfect understanding of the situation. 考虑到我自己对情况也不完全了解，我已经尽我所能地作了解释。
UK [ɪm'pɜ:.fekt] US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■the imperfect form of a verb describes an action in the past which was continuous or was not completed 未完成式，未完成过去时；过去进行式
• In the sentence 'He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road', the verb 'cross' is in the imperfect form. 在句子 He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road 中，动词 cross 用的是未完成式。
UK [ɪm'pɜ:.fekt] US [-'pɝ:-] noun only singular
the imperfect (tense) specialized
 ADVANCED
■the tense of a verb which describes an action which has not been completed in the past, used, for example, to refer to an action which was happening when it was suddenly interrupted, or to describe an existing situation at the beginning of a story 未完成式，未完成过去时；过去进行式
• In the sentence 'He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road', the verb 'cross' is in the imperfect. 在句子 He was hit by a car as he was crossing the road 中，动词 cross 用的是未完成式。
adj. 有缺点的；未完成的；半过去的；未完成时的
 - faulty, unfinished

Word: rectangle
Front: rectangle
[ˈrektæŋgl] (高研六托雅宝 10058/10208 -1)
Vocabulary: rectangle
(once / 1902 pages)
n
A rectangle is any shape with four sides and four right angles. All squares are rectangles but not all rectangles are squares (all the sides in a square have to be the same length).
The rect in rectangle comes from the Latin rectus, which means "right" or "straight." Because of its right angles, a rectangle has straight sides. Another word with the same root is rectitude, which means moral uprightness. A morally upright person is someone who does the right thing, but doing the right thing doesn't make you a square — or a rectangle.
WORD FAMILY
rectangle: rectangles, rectangular+/rectangular: rectangularity, rectangularly/rectangularity: rectangularities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each frame holds a rectangle of Harwood’s grow cloth, about two and a half feet by five feet in size.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She limited herself to two or three colours, painting interlocking abstractions where ovals met rectangles and triangles and semicircles, often set within a circular whole.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She outlines a modest-sized rectangle in the air with her hands.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [数]长方形，矩形
分布：矩形(81%)，长方形(19%)
→rect-,直的，正确的，angle,角。
矩形(rect+angle角→[四个角]都是直角→矩形)[rect=stright,right,表示"正,直"]
n.[数]矩形,长方形He drew a rectangle on the blackboard.他在黑板上画了个矩形.
【记】rect正，直，angle（n 角）一四角都是直角－矩形
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a flat shape with four 90° angles and four sides, with opposite sides of equal length 长方形；矩形
n. [数] 矩形；长方形
 - orthogon

Word: close
Front: close
[kləʊz] (中高托 649/647 -K3)
Vocabulary: close
(once / 13 pages)
1adjadvv 2v 3nv 4adj 5adj 6adj
To close is to shut something or to end something. You could close a door, close your mouth, or even close a deal.
This versatile word usually means "the end" or "near." When a store is closed, you can't go in: the door is closed and locked. When people are close, they are right next to each other — or they're emotionally close to one another. In baseball, the closer is a pitcher who tries to end the game. If your flight had "a close call," it almost crashed. You can close a program on a computer, and you close your eyes when you go to sleep after reading this.
WORD FAMILY
close: closed, closely, closeness, closer, closes, closest, closing, closure, enclose +/closeness: closenesses/closer: closers/closing: closings/ closure: closured, closures, closuring/ enclose: enclosed, encloses, enclosing, enclosure / enclosed: self-enclosed, unenclosed/ enclosure: enclosures
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his New Year message at the weekend, Mr Kim Jong-un said North Korea was close to testing long-range missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Grapevine was closed for periods in recent weeks because of heavy snowfall, and some motorists were temporarily stranded on mountain roads.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After a Loyola miss, Eric Stafford shook free for a layup with six seconds left and closed with two free throws.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 紧密的; 亲密的; 亲近的
vt. 关; 结束; 使靠近
vi. 关; 结束; 关闭
adv. 紧密地
n. 结束
时态：closed, closing, closes
分布：关(59%)，结束(14%)，接近(11%)，靠近(6%)，近的(3%)，收盘(2%)，亲近的(1%)，严密的(1%)，势均力敌的(1%)，停业(1%)，闷热的(1%)
→来自skel,弯，转，词源同clavicle,scoliosis.原指古时弯钩状的钥匙，后指用钥匙锁上， 关闭。
v./n.关;结束a./ad.近的(地);紧密的(地)The loser closely enclosed himself in the closet.那个失败者把自己严密地封闭在小室内.
US [kloʊz]
NOT OPEN 不开
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) change from being open to not being open （使）关，合，关闭
• Could you close the door/window please? 请关上门／窗，好吗？
• Close your eyes - I've got a surprise for you. 闭上眼睛——我有个惊喜给你。
 ESSENTIAL intransitive
■When a shop, restaurant or public place closes, people cannot go into it （商店或餐馆）关门，不营业，打烊；（公共场所）不开放
• The banks had closed (to customers) so I couldn't get any money out. 银行关门了，所以我取不了钱。
• The museum closes at 5.30. 博物馆五点半闭馆。
• We can't get a drink! It's after (pub)closing time. 我们喝不到酒了！已经打烊了。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
END 结束
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) end （使）结束，（使）停止
• The play closed with the tragic death of both hero and heroine. 这部戏以男女主角的惨死告终。
• She closed the meeting with a short speech. 她以简短的讲话结束了会议。
• The pound closed at (= was worth) $1.47 at the end of the day's trading. 英镑在一天交易结束时收盘价为1.47美元。
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a business, organization or business arrangement to) stop operating （使）（生意或组织）倒闭；关闭（使）（业务）停止
• I closed that bank account when I came to London. 我一到伦敦就把那个银行帐户取消了。
• The factory closed over ten years ago. 这家工厂十几年前就关闭了。
close a deal
■to make a successful business arrangement with someone 成交，做成生意
• We closed a deal with a major supermarket. 我们与一家大超市做成了一笔交易。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
close your eyes to sth
■to ignore something bad and pretend it is not happening 对…视而不见；不理会
• She closed her eyes to the fact that her son was stealing. 她对儿子偷窃的事视而不见。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
close ranks
■When the members of a group or organization close ranks, they make an effort to stay united, especially in order to defend themselves from severe criticism （尤指团体或组织成员为免受批评而）紧密团结，携手合作，抱团
• In the past, the party would have closed ranks around its leader and defended him loyally. 要是在以前的话，该党会紧紧团结在其领袖周围，忠心地维护他。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] close (sth) down ADVANCED
■If a business or organization closes down or someone closes it down, it stops operating 关闭；（使）倒闭；（使）停业
• All the mines in this area were closed down in the 80's. 该地区的矿井在20世纪80年代全部关闭。
• Our local butcher is closing down. 我们当地的肉铺快停业了。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
  Phrasal Verbs  close in
■to gradually get nearer to someone, usually in order to attack them （通常指为了进攻）慢慢围上来，包围，逼近
• The advancing soldiers closed in on the town. 前进的士兵一步步包围了城镇。
• The hunt chased the fox until it was too tired and weak to run and then closed in for the kill. 猎狐队一直把狐狸追得精疲力竭跑不动了，然后再包围上来捕杀它。
verb UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz]
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] close sth off
■to put something across the entrance of a place to stop people from entering 封锁，封闭，关闭（入口）
• Police quickly closed off the area. 警方迅速封闭了该地区。
noun
END 结束 UK [kləʊz] US [kloʊz] only singular
■the end of something, or when you end it 末尾，结尾；结束，结局
• I tried to bring the conversation to a close. 我尽力使这次谈话快点结束。
• "Let's draw this meeting to a close, gentlemen," said the chairman. “各位先生，我们这次会议就到此为止吧，”主席说。
noun
ROAD 道路 UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs] countable UK
■a road, usually with private houses, which vehicles can only enter from one end （通常通向私人住宅的）街道，死巷，死胡同
• He lives at 83 Barker Close. 他住在巴克街83号。
adjective UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
RELATIONSHIP 关系
 ESSENTIAL
■having direct family connections or shared beliefs, support and sympathy 近亲的；密切的；团结的
• There weren't many people at the funeral - just close family/relatives. 葬礼上没有多少人——只有一些至亲。
• They're a worrying political party because of their close links/ties with terrorist groups. 这个政党令人担忧，因为他们与恐怖组织有密切联系。
• In those early months, there's a very close bond between mother and child. 在婴儿出生后的头几个月，母婴之间有一种非常亲密的纽带关系。
• a close community 非常团结的集体
 ESSENTIAL
■describes people who know each other very well and like each other a lot, or who see and talk to each other a lot 亲密的；亲近的；联系紧密的
• Mira is one of my closest friends. 米拉是我的一位密友。
• Her relationship isn't good with her father, but she's very close to her mother. 她和父亲的关系不好，可是和母亲的关系非常亲近。
• My brother and I have become much closer over the years. 这些年，哥哥和我的关系亲密多了。
adjective UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
SIMILAR 相似的
 IMPROVER
■having only a small difference 接近的，只有细微差别的
• The election results were so close they had to vote again. 选举结果非常接近，他们不得不重新投票。
• He came second in the race, but it was very close. 他跑了第二名，不过差距很小。
• The youngest boys are so close in age they look like twins. 两个最小的男孩年龄很接近，看上去就像双胞胎。
• Both children bear a very close resemblance to their father. 两个孩子长得都很像他们的父亲。
close on/to
■almost 接近，几乎，差不多
• I think there are close on three million unemployed at present. 我想现在有将近300万失业人口。
adjective UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
SECRETIVE 秘密的
■unwilling to talk about things to other people 守口如瓶的，隐秘的
• He's so close about his past - it seems like he's hiding something. 他对自己的过去守口如瓶——好像要隐瞒甚么似的。
adjective UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
LACKING AIR 缺少空气
■describes weather or air conditions in which it is difficult to breathe and is uncomfortably warm 封闭的；密不透风的；闷热的
• Can I open the window? It's very close in here. 我能开窗吗？这里太闷了。
adjective adverb UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
NEAR 近的
 ESSENTIAL
■not far in position or time （空间或时间上）接近的（地），靠近的（地）
• Don't get too close to that dog, Rosie. 罗西，别太靠近那只狗。
• I hate people standing too close to me. 我讨厌别人站得太靠近我。
• As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded. 随着圣诞节临近，商店里越来越拥挤。
• Emma looked close to tears (= almost going to cry). 艾玛看起来要哭了。
adjective adverb UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
at close quarters/range
■(from) a short distance away （在）近距离
• When you see famous people at close quarters, they always appear much smaller than you imagined them. 近距离看名人时，他们看起来往往比你想像中要平凡得多。
• He was shot at close range. 他是被近距离枪杀的。
adjective adverb UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
be close to the bone
■If something you say or write is close to the bone, it is close to the truth in a way that might offend some people. （说话或写文章）尖刻，入木三分
adjective adverb UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
be too close for comfort humorous
■to be so close to you that you feel worried or frightened 近得令人担心；近得令人害怕
• His mother lives in the next street to us, which is a little too close for comfort. 他母亲住在与我们邻近的那条街上，离得有点太近，令人不自在。
adjective adverb UK [kləʊs] US [kloʊs]
come close to blows
■to almost begin fighting 差点打起来
• Phil was furious with the manager - I think he came close to blows. 菲尔对经理大发雷霆——我看他几乎要大打出手了。
conclude, finish, accomplish, terminate, complete, end, close
这组词都有“结束，完成”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 正式用词，多指以某事或活动达到预期目的而告终。
finish: 与complete基本同义，着重圆满地结束或完成已着手的事。
accomplish: 正式用词，强调一个过程的完成；也可指依靠努力达到一定目的，或取得一定的结果。
terminate: 强调有一个空间和时间的限度，届时必须终止。书面语用词。
complete: 侧重指完成预定的任务或使某事完善，补足缺少的部分等。
end: 最普通用词，着重事情的完成。也指某种活动因达到目的而自然结束或由于某种原因而突然中止。
close: 普通用词，着重行为的终止或结束，不强调其目的。
shut, slam, close
这组词都有“关”的意思，其区别是：
shut: 着重关闭的动作、过程和方式手段。
slam: 象声词，指“砰的关上”，或用力关上。
close: 较多地用于正式或庄重的文体中，如关闭铁路、公路以及其它交通渠道，要用close。
near, nearby, close
这组词都有“接近的”的意思，其区别是：
near: 语气弱于close，也指时间或空间上的接近，但无“紧接，接触”的含义。
nearby: 指距离上很近，近在咫尺。
close: 语气强于near。指时间、地点或程度方面的接近，有紧靠、相邻的意味。
closely, close
closely: 紧紧地,紧密地 closely connected,
close: 接近,靠近, stand close
familiar, intimate, confidential, close
这组词都有“亲密的”的意思，其区别是：
familiar: 通常指因长期交往而彼此很熟悉，像自家人一样。
intimate: 语气强烈，指感情或思想融洽、相互知心，彼此关系亲密。
confidential: 指相互之间可推心置腹、彼此信赖。
close: 语气较强，指兴趣爱好相同，因而关系密切，感情深笃。
adj. 紧密的；亲密的；亲近的
 - familiar, near, compact
vt. 关；结束；使靠近
 - conclude, pull the plug
vi. 关；结束；关闭
 - pull the plug, draw to an end
adv. 紧密地
 - cheek by jowl, compactly
n. 结束
 - completion, termination, finish, ended up

Word: whim
Front: whim
[wɪm] (托宝 10044/9606 -1)
Vocabulary: whim
(once / 902 pages)
n
A whim is an odd or fanciful idea, something kooky you suddenly decide to do, like dress up like a chicken or drive to Vegas.
A whim can be a sudden impulse or a change of mind, like if you go shopping for school clothes but instead buy a pink cowboy hat. Whim is a shortened version of the equally silly sounding whim wham which means "fanciful object," like a tiny snow globe that plays "Hava Nagila." If you go for a drive on a whim, you could wind up anywhere, perhaps even back to the store to return that snow globe.
WORD FAMILY
whim: whims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kipnis said he did the experiment that led to the discovery “on a whim” after reading about type 2 innate lymphocytes in another paper.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It all happened on a whim, she says.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
A top GOP leader got an up-close lesson on the competing whims of Trump insiders.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 一时的兴致; 突然的念头; 怪念头，奇想; 幻想
vi. 心血来潮地向往
分布：奇想(66%)，一时的兴致(34%)
→缩写自whimsy.
【记】w，hi，m：前边是w，后边是m，w和m，反复无偿
noun countable
■a sudden wish or idea, especially one that cannot be reasonably explained 突然的念头，冲动
• We booked the holiday on a whim. 我们一冲动就预订了假日游。
• You can add what you like to this mixture - brandy, whisky or nothing at all - as the whim takes you. 你可以在这种混合饮料里加入任何你喜欢的东西——白兰地、威士卡或甚么也不加——全看你自己。
• Oh for a husband who would indulge my every whim! 啊，我多么想有一个对我百依百顺的丈夫呀！
n. 奇想；一时的兴致；怪念头；幻想
 - vagary, fancy

Word: stern
Front: stern
[stɜ:n] (研四六托雅宝 10140/9588 -2)
Vocabulary: stern
(once / 158 pages)
1adj 2n
You know when you've done something really wrong, and the person who gets you in trouble has that unforgiving look on his face? The best word for that look is stern, meaning "strict" or "severe."
Stern, strict, severe, harsh, unforgiving — they all more or less mean the same thing, which is very tough and exacting, with a little helping of seriousness thrown in for good measure. What does this have to do with the stern of a boat, also known as the rear area? Um, nothing? But it's good to know about that meaning too, since it could come in handy some day when you're giving directions on a ship.
WORD FAMILY
stern: sterner, sternest, sternly, sternness, sterns+/sternness: sternnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The many jurisdictions, combined with a lack of legal precedent, present a stern challenge to athletes who want the prize money they are owed.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The coaches were stern, urging the players not to back down and to hit anyone who hit them.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Two security guards at the door were controlling entry via stern mien and green button.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 严厉的，严峻的; 坚定的，不动摇的; 严肃的
n. 船尾，艉; 末端; 斯坦恩，英语男子名
分布：船尾(41%)，严厉的(28%)，严峻的(13%)，尾部(12%)，苛刻的(4%)，坚决的(2%)
→来自古英语 styrne,严厉的，严苛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*sternijaz,硬的，强硬的，来自 ster, 固定的，坚固的，僵硬的，词源同 sterile,stark.stern 船尾
a.严厉的;坚决的,坚定的n.船尾,舟尾Our team made a stern resolve to win.我们队下定决心取胜.
【记】船尾是整个船最重要的部分，制作时要求特别严格。
【反】bow（n 弓；船头）
US [stɝ:n] adjective
■severe, or showing disapproval 严厉的，苛刻的
• a stern look/warning/voice 严厉的目光／警告／语气
• She is her own sternest critic. 她对自己非常苛刻。
• Journalists received a stern warning not to go anywhere near the battleship. 记者受到严厉警告，不得靠近军舰。
■If something, such as a job, is stern, it is difficult （工作等）严峻的，棘手的
• The President is facing the sternest test of his authority since he came to power five years ago. 总统的威严正面临着上任五年以来最严峻的考验。
UK [stɜ:n] US [stɝ:n] adjective
made of sterner stuff
■If someone is described as being made of sterner stuff, they are very strong and determined 坚强的，坚毅的
• I was ready to give up the fight, but Nicky was made of sterner stuff and wanted us to carry on. 我准备放弃争取了，但是尼基非常坚定，要我们坚持下去。
UK [stɜ:n] US [stɝ:n] noun countable
■the back part of a ship or boat 船尾；艉 Compare bow
n. [船] 船尾；末端
 - terminal, bottom, extreme
adj. 严厉的；坚定的
 - severe, committed, firm, confirmed, tight

Word: ridicule
Front: ridicule
[ˈrɪdɪkju:l] (六托宝 10051/11214 -1)
Vocabulary: ridicule
(once / 170 pages)
nv
When you ridicule someone, you mock or make fun of them. They become the object of your ridicule or mockery. Your bad behavior might bring ridicule on your parents, who raised you to know better.
The word ridicule is related to ridiculous. If you ridicule a friend, you try to make them look ridiculous. But now that isn't very friendly! Both words come from the Latin redire which means to laugh. When you are ridiculed, you are made a laughing stock, but being the object of ridicule is never funny.
WORD FAMILY
ridicule: ridiculed, ridiculer, ridicules, ridiculing, ridiculous +/ridiculer: ridiculers/ ridiculous: ridiculousest, ridiculously, ridiculousness/ridiculousness: ridiculousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though ridiculed in some quarters as a ban on work-related email after hours, it is not quite that.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The moniker was ridiculed by Republicans as the unemployment rate still hovered around 9.5%.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Earlier Thursday, in her defence statement to a packed court in Istanbul, Erdoğan ridiculed the charges against her.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 嘲笑; 奚落; 嘲弄; 戏弄
vt. 嘲笑，嘲弄，奚落; 使…受嘲笑; 取笑
时态：ridiculed, ridiculing, ridicules
分布：嘲笑(81%)，愚弄(11%)，笑柄(8%)
嘲笑(red+ic+ule)[Rid,ris=laugh,表示"笑"]
【记】rid＝red，icule：说的话使别人脸红－嘲笑，奚落
noun uncountable
■unkind words or actions that make someone or something look stupid 嘲笑；奚落；戏弄
• She was treated with scorn and ridicule by her colleagues when she applied for the job. 她申请那份工作时，受到了同事们的嘲弄和奚落。
• He's become an object of ridicule (= a person that everyone thinks is stupid and criticizes or laughs at). 他成了众人嘲弄的对象。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] noun uncountable
hold sb/sth up to ridicule
■to laugh unkindly and publicly at someone or something, or make them seem stupid 使…成为笑柄；公开嘲笑…；戏弄…
• Her plans were held up to ridicule. 他的计划成了大家的笑柄。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] noun uncountable
lay yourself open to ridicule
■to make it easy for people to laugh unkindly at you 使自己成为笑柄；招致嘲笑
• You lay yourself open to ridicule wearing clothes like that. 你穿那样的衣服会沦为笑柄的。
['rɪd.ɪ.kju:l] verb transitive
■to laugh at someone in an unkind way 嘲笑；奚落；戏弄
• She rarely spoke her mind out of fear of being ridiculed. 她怕人嘲笑，几乎从来不说出自己的想法。
• He was ridiculed for his ideas. 他的想法使他受到嘲弄。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；愚弄
 - guy, deride
n. 嘲笑；笑柄；愚弄
 - joke, derision

Word: engaging
Front: engaging
[ɪnˈgeɪdʒɪŋ] (托宝 10067/14576 -1)
Vocabulary: engaging
(once / 729 pages)
adj
A story, song, or person that is engaging is entertaining, fun, and interesting — you want to see or hear more.
To remember the meaning of engaging, it might help to think of what engaged means. When a couple is engaged, they've agreed to get married. When something or somebody is engaging, you want to spend more time with them too. Boring is the complete opposite of engaging. Think of your favorite movie or TV show — especially one you can't stop watching — it must be very engaging.
WORD FAMILY
engaging: engagingly+/ disengage: disengaged, disengagement, disengages, disengaging/disengagement: disengagements/ engage: disengage, engaged, engagement, engages, engaging / engaged: unengaged/ engagement: engagements, non-engagement
USAGE EXAMPLES
His attorney argued there was insufficient evidence to convict Kelly on several charges, including theft and engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are purposefully many shots in “Arrival” of Louise’s daughter Hannah in the woods or engaging with wildlife throughout the movie.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Others call for reforms in central committee practices, including a better job of engaging the public in filling the openings.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 迷人的; 吸引人的
v. 雇佣(engage的ing形式); 预订
分布：迷人的(65%)，动人的(20%)，有魅力的(11%)，动词engage的现在分词.(4%)
【记】engage（v 使全神贯注）；engagement（n 约会；婚约）
approving
adjective
■pleasant, attractive and charming 令人愉快的；有吸引力的；迷人的
• an engaging smile/manner/person 迷人的微笑／迷人的风度／魅力十足的人
adj. 迷人的
 - killing, taking, charming, fascinating, glamorous
v. 参加（engage的ing形式）；保证；雇用
 - ensuring, participating

Word: mobilization
Front: mobilization
[ˌməʊbɪlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (10031/17028)
Back: n. 动员
分布：动员(98%)，流动(2%)
V-ERG
动员;鼓动;召集；（人们）动员起来
If you mobilize support or mobilize people to do something, you succeed in encouraging people to take action, especially political action. If people mobilize, they prepare to take action.
例：The best hope is that we will mobilize international support and get down to action...最好的希望是我们能争取到国际上的支持，然后采取行动。
例：The purpose of the journey is to mobilise public opinion on the controversial issue...此行的目的就是动员公众对这个备受争议的问题发表意见。
VERB
调动，动用(资源)
If you mobilize resources, you start to use them or make them available for use.
例：If you could mobilize the resources, you could get it done.如果你能够调集资源，就可以把这件事做成。
V-ERG
(国家或军队)动员起来;动员(军队)
If a country mobilizes, or mobilizes its armed forces, or if its armed forces mobilize, they are given orders to prepare for a conflict.
例：Sudan even threatened to mobilize in response to the ultimatums...作为对最后通牒的回应，苏丹甚至威胁说要动员军队。
例：India is now in a better position to mobilise its forces...印度现在更有条件动员军队了。
n. 动员；调动
 - redeployment

Word: statesman
Front: statesman
[ˈsteɪtsmən] (研四六雅 10075/8718 -2)
Back: n. 政治家
分布：政治家(100%)
→合成自 state's man,管理国家的人。
n.政治家,国务活动家At the station the statesman hesitates to state the status of the statue.在车站政治家不愿陈述雕像的状况.
['steɪt.smən] approving
noun countable
■an experienced politician, especially one who is respected for making good judgments （尤指具有远见卓识而受人尊敬的）政治家
politician, statesman
这组词都有“政治家”的意思，其区别是：
politician: 指有才能的职业政治家或政坛人物。在美国英语中，多含贬义，特指玩弄阴谋、勾心斗角以谋以私利的政客、政治骗子。
statesman: 与politician相反，常用于褒义，指有远见，为国为民的正派的政治家，既着重才能，又侧重身居要职。
n. 政治家；国务活动家
 - politician

Word: Marxist
Front: Marxist
['mɑː(r)ksɪst] (研四六 10077/5201 -2)
Vocabulary: Marxist
(once / 3568 pages)
nadj
A Marxist is someone who strongly agrees with the political, economic, and philosophical ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. If you're a Marxist, you're especially critical of capitalism.
Marxists are particularly concerned with the struggles of lower and middle class workers, with the conflict between social classes, and with economic inequality. The ultimate goal of a Marxist is revolution that results in a classless society with fair distribution of goods. Karl Marx was a German philosopher, but the word was first coined in French, marxiste, in the late 1800s.
WORD FAMILY
Marxist: Marxists+/ Marxism: Marxisms, Marxist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Berger was a lifelong Marxist, a vehement critic of capitalism.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It is not a coincidence, as old Marxists used to say, that his proposed cuts to personal taxation would shower cash on the already wealthy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The U.S. sold Iran hundreds of missiles, secretly using the proceeds to fund Contra rebels fighting Nicaragua’s Marxist government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 马克思主义者
adj. 马克思主义的
分布：马克思主义的(70%)，马克思主义者(30%)
a.马克思主义的n.马克思主义者He is a Marxist.他是一位马克思主义者.
ADJ
马克思主义的；与马克思主义有关的
Marxist means based on Marxism or relating to Marxism.
例：...a Marxist state.信奉马克思主义的国家
例：...Marxist ideology.马克思主义意识形态
N-COUNT
马克思主义者;马克思主义政党成员
A Marxist is a person who believes in Marxism or who is a member of a Marxist party.

Word: DJ
Front: DJ
[ˈdi: dʒeɪ] (10052/36609)
Back: abbr. disc jockey （广播电台）流行音乐播音员; 流行音乐节目主持人
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable
PERSON 人 (also deejay) abbreviation for
■ disc jockey
[ˌdi:'dʒeɪ] noun countable
CLOTHING 服装 UK abbreviation for
■ dinner jacket

Word: denim
Front: denim
[ˈdenɪm] (宝 10054/12620 -1)
Vocabulary: denim
(once / 9456 pages)
n
Denim is a kind of heavy cotton material that's used to make jeans. You might think you look really cool in your rhinestone-studded denim jacket . Go ahead and keep thinking that.
Denim is usually dark blue, and mostly used to make durable work wear, like jeans and overalls. In some places, people call blue jeans denims. The word comes from a French phrase serge de Nîmes, "serge from Nîmes, France." "Serge" is a sturdy twill fabric, and Nîmes is a town where it was famously made. Denim was first used in American English around 1850.
WORD FAMILY
denim: denims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hundreds of children’s denim jackets are being recalled this week because of metal snaps that pose a choking hazard.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the daylight hours before the festival began, the denim and leather jacket-clad, iPhone-wielding visitors were told time and again, “No photos.”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
With his flowing blond locks, denim gear and Fender Telecaster, Rick Parfitt was one of rock's most recognisable guitarists.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 斜纹粗棉布，牛仔布; 工装裤
分布：粗斜纹布(72%)，牛仔裤.(28%)
→来自法语serge de Nimes，因产自法国Nimes而得名。参照damask.
【记】den兽穴，im：进入兽穴与野兽搏斗不能穿的太好，要穿牛仔布
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a thick strong cotton cloth, often blue in colour, used especially for making jeans （尤指用来做牛仔裤的蓝色）厚棉布，牛仔布
• a denim jacket and jeans 牛仔外套和牛仔裤
denims UK informal
■clothes made of denim 牛仔服
• He's usually in denims. 他通常穿一身牛仔服。

Word: comparatively
Front: comparatively
[kəmˈpærətɪvli] (四托 10073/5019)
Back: adv. 对比地; 相对地; 比较地; 有点
分布：比较地(60%)，相对地(40%)
US [-'per.ə.tˌɪv-] adverb
■as compared to something else 相对地，比较而言
• We couldn't afford it and yet we're comparatively well-off (= we are richer than most people). 我们买不起，不过我们还算是比较富裕的。
• Comparatively speaking , this machine is easy to use. 比较而言，这台机器用起来很方便。
adv. 比较地；相当地
 - relatively, fairly, reasonably, pretty, considerably

Word: angular
Front: angular
[ˈæŋgjələ(r)] (托宝 10062/10317 -1)
Vocabulary: angular
(once / 1731 pages)
adj
Whether it’s a face with strikingly lean bone structure, a tall rectangular building, or something written in Arabic script, anything that is characterized by sharp angles can be described as angular.
The word angular describes objects that have sharp angles, such as something with many corners and few soft curves. You’ll also hear it used to describe a person’s face or body. A tall, thin person with prominent bones can be described as angular. The word can be used figuratively to describe movements that are jerky and not smooth, such as the angular dance moves that go with a fast rock song.
WORD FAMILY
angular: angularest, angularity, angularly+/ angle: angled, angler, angles, angling, angular, angulate/ angler: anglers/angling: anglings/angularity: angularities/angulate: angulated, angulating, angulation
USAGE EXAMPLES
She is tall, thin, with dark hair combed off her angular face.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Above the Space Needle in the team’s angular crest hovered a gold star.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Those images of monumental debris—angular masses that appear to emerge from sediment like alien geology—remain transfixing.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 有角的; 用角测量的，用弧度测量的; 生硬的，笨拙的; （人）瘦削的
分布：有角的(49%)，有尖角的(34%)，消瘦的(17%)
【记】an一块，gu拼：骨，lar读：了－就剩下一块骨头了－消瘦的
US [-lɚ] adjective
■having or relating to one or more angles 有角的，与角有关的
■having a clear shape with sharp points 有尖角的；尖的；有棱角的
• Her features were too angular, her face a little too long for beauty. 她的相貌棱角太突出，脸型有点长，说不上漂亮。
adj. [生物] 有角的；生硬的，笨拙的；瘦削的
 - abrupt, awkward

Word: villa
Front: villa
[ˈvɪlə] (六 10076/3463 -2)
Vocabulary: villa
(once / 970 pages)
n
If you don't want to sound like a snob, don't describe your family's house in the country as a villa. A villa is a fancy vacation home.
Calling your weekend country house a villa will inevitably sound like you're showing off. Still, the word has been around ever since ancient Roman times to mean "country house for the elite." In Italian, villa means "country house or farm." Most villas include a large amount of land and often barns, garages, or other outbuildings as well.
WORD FAMILY
villa: villas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Soon after arriving at Il Borghino we hit the villa’s yoga room, a subterranean space whose long window looks into a mosaic-tiled swimming pool.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
My friends run a collection of villas there, and I cooked for 25 or so of my musician and chef friends.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Accommodations are in a 3,100-square-foot villa with a pool.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 别墅，公馆; <英>（城郊）住宅
分布：别墅(100%)
→来自拉丁语villa,村庄，农场，来自weik,宗族，家庭，聚居区，-illa,小词后缀。引申词义别墅。可能进一步来自wei,转，弯，耕作，词源同week,wicker,比较colony,culture.
noun countable
■a house usually in the countryside or near the sea, especially in southern Europe, and often one which people can rent for a holiday 别墅；花园住宅
• They have a villa in Spain. 他们在西班牙有一栋别墅。
n. [建] 别墅；郊区住宅
 - country seat, chateau

Word: proactive
Front: proactive
[ˌprəʊˈæktɪv] (10084/17043)
Vocabulary: proactive
(once / 15330 pages)
adj
The adjective proactive can describe a person who gets things done. If you are proactive, you make things happen, instead of waiting for them to happen to you.
Active means "doing something." The prefix pro- means "before." So if you are proactive, you are ready before something happens. The opposite is being reactive, or waiting for things to unfold before responding. Think about winter cold season. A proactive person washes his hands and takes vitamins; a reactive person gets sick and takes cold medicine.
WORD FAMILY
proactive: proactively
USAGE EXAMPLES
I also get proactive physical therapy, which is P.T. before you get hurt.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They need to be able to respond quickly, and in some places be more proactive than the government authorities,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Workologist’s reply: Be proactive and propose new projects or initiatives to the boss.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 前摄的; 积极主动的; 主动出击的; 先发制人的
分布：积极的(87%)，先发制人的(4%)，先行一步的.(3%)，〈心理〉前摄的.(3%)，〈自控〉有前瞻性的(3%)
→pro-,在前，向前，active,积极的。
US [ˌproʊ-] adjective
■taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens 主动的，积极的
• Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental management. 公司将不得不对环境管理采取更为积极主动的态度。
• a proactive approach/role 积极的态度／作用

Word: pardon
Front: pardon
[ˈpɑ:dn] (中高 7831/4052 -2)
Vocabulary: pardon
(once / 115 pages)
vn
If you belch, interrupt a conversation, or leave the table during dinner, you’re expected to say “Pardon me.” Once you’ve requested your companions’ pardon, or forgiveness, you can assume you have it; you don’t need to wait for their response.
The word pardon often occurs in the phrases “Pardon me” and “I beg your pardon.” (While “I beg your pardon” literally means “I request your forgiveness,” it’s used to indicate that the speaker did not hear what was just said.) Outside of these everyday phrases, pardon is typically used in formal or legal situations. If the president pardons a criminal, for example, the criminal is forgiven in the sense that he or she no longer has to serve the penalty for the crime.
WORD FAMILY
pardon: pardonable, pardoned, pardoner, pardoning, pardons+/pardonable: pardonably, unpardonable/pardoner: pardoners/unpardonable: unpardonably
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is because they are often granted suspended sentences or presidential pardons.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Sauvage first attracted public attention when a petition calling on the president to grant her a full pardon collected more than 400,000 signatures.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The French constitution allows a president to pardon convicts and to reduce prison sentences.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 宽恕; 原谅; 赦免; 劳驾
n. 饶恕，原谅; 赦免; [宗]免罪符
int. （用于请求别人重复某事）什么，请再说一遍
时态：pardoned, pardoning, pardons
分布：原谅(100%)
→par,完全的，词源同per-,完全的，-don,给予，词源同donate.即完全的给予，引申词义赦免，免除惩罚，多用于感叹词”pardon me”,请原谅。
原谅,宽恕(par平等+don→给予平等→原谅)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
n.原谅,宽恕;请再说一遍v.原谅,饶恕,赦免I can hardly pardon his discarding the hardware and cardboard in the harbour.我简直不能原谅他在港口丢弃五金和硬纸板.
US ['pɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to forgive someone for something they have said or done. This word is often used in polite expressions 原谅，宽恕（常用于礼貌的表达方式）
• Pardon my ignorance, but what exactly is ergonomics? 请恕我无知，不过人体工程学究竟是甚么一回事？
• [+ -ing verb] Pardon me interrupting , but there's a client to see you. 对不起打扰一下，有位客户要见你。
■If someone who has committed a crime is pardoned, they are officially forgiven and their punishment is stopped 赦免
• Large numbers of political prisoners have been pardoned and released by the new president. 新总统赦免并释放了一大批政治犯。
UK ['pɑ:.dən] US ['pɑ:r-] verb transitive
if you'll pardon the expression
■said before or after using language which other people might consider shocking 请原谅我用这个词，请原谅我如此表达
• The man doesn't know his arse from his elbow, if you'll pardon the expression. 这个男人是个浆糊脑袋，请原谅我这么说。
UK ['pɑ:.dən] US ['pɑ:r-] verb transitive
pardon (me) (formal I beg your pardon)
■used to say that you are sorry for doing something wrong or for being rude 对不起，请原谅
UK ['pɑ:.dən] US ['pɑ:r-] verb transitive
Pardon me for breathing/existing/living! informal
■used to tell someone that you think they have just answered or spoken to you in an unreasonably critical or rude way 总不能不让人呼吸了吧！（用于当某人以极其苛刻或粗鲁的方式答话或对自己说话时）：
• "If you're going to get in my way, James, could you just leave the kitchen?" "Oh, pardon me for breathing!" “詹姆斯，如果你要碍手碍脚的话就离开厨房好吗？”“哦，真抱歉，我连呼吸都妨碍到你了！”
UK ['pɑ:.dən] US ['pɑ:r-] noun countable
■when someone who has committed a crime is officially forgiven 赦免
• He had actively sought a pardon from the president. 他积极寻求总统的赦免。
UK ['pɑ:.dən] US ['pɑ:r-] exclamation
 ADVANCED (US also pardon me)
■used to politely ask someone to repeat something they have said because you have not heard it 请重复一遍
⇒ See also I beg your pardon (US also pardon me) (formal or humorous I beg your pardon)
■used to show that someone has said something that offends you 再说一遍（用于对某人的话感到不快时）
• "Women tend to make fairly useless drivers, anyway." "I beg your pardon!" “无论如何，女人开车十之八九都不行。”“恕我不敢苟同！”
pardon, overlook, forgive, excuse
这组词都有“原谅”的意思，其区别是：
pardon: 比excuse正式，指原谅或宽恕严重的过失或法律上的犯罪行为；在社会交场合则指对打搅他人表示歉意。
overlook: 语气较弱，指宽容或不计较无关大局的过失。
forgive: 侧重从心里宽恕某人，暗示放弃一切愤恨和要求报偿的权利。
excuse: 口语常用词，语气较轻。指原谅轻微的过错、疏忽或过失。
n. 原谅； [法] 赦免；宽恕
 - forgiveness, absolution
vt. 原谅； [法] 赦免；宽恕
 - forgive, tolerate

Word: ulcer
Front: ulcer
[ˈʌlsə(r)] (宝 10083/4443 -1)
Vocabulary: ulcer
(once / 1890 pages)
n
A canker sore is a common form of ulcer or open sore. An ulcer can be on an external surface like the mouth or an internal surface, like the stomach. They are caused by a break in skin or mucus membrane that won't heal.
Ulcer comes from the Greek elkos meaning "wound." An ulcer is a wound or lesion that is inflamed and painful. Ulcers are commonly found in the stomach where they are called peptic ulcers. They are caused by a bacteria in the intestinal tract or an overuse of drugs that disturbs the lining of the digestive tract. An ulcer is very acidic and painful. I hope you don't get one.
WORD FAMILY
ulcer: ulcerate, ulcerous, ulcers+/ulcerate: ulcerated, ulcerates, ulcerating, ulceration, ulcerative/ulceration: ulcerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was intended as a cure for stomach ulcers.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Brooks was diagnosed with a stomach ulcer when he experienced similar symptoms playing for Houston.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Virginian-Pilot reported Stewart’s repeated requests for medical treatment were denied; he died of a perforated ulcer.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <医>溃疡; 腐烂物; 道德败坏
分布：溃疡(97%)，弊病(2%)，腐坏物(1%)
→来自拉丁语ulcus, 溃疡，脓疮。
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a break in the skin or on the surface of an organ inside the body, which does not heal naturally 溃疡
• a mouth/stomach ulcer 口腔／胃溃疡
n. [病理] 溃疡；腐烂物；道德败坏
 - sore, demoralization

Word: two-hour
Front: two-hour
None None
Back: [网络] 两小时的；两小时票
分布：2小时的(100%)

Word: stimulating
Front: stimulating
[ˈstɪmjuleɪtɪŋ] (10078/7608)
Back: adj. 刺激的，有刺激性的
v. 刺激( stimulate的现在分词 ); 激励; 使兴奋; 起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用
分布：刺激的(82%)，令人兴奋的(14%)，动词stimulate的现在分词.(4%)
→stimulate,刺激，激励，-ing,形容词后缀。
US [-ɪŋ] adjective
■If something is stimulating, it encourages new ideas （物）有启发性的
• a stimulating discussion 具有启发性的讨论
• Universities have been asked to make their courses more attractive and stimulating. 大学已被要求调整课程，增强吸引力和启发性。
■describes someone who makes you feel enthusiastic and full of ideas （人）能激发热情的，激发灵感的
• a really stimulating teacher 真正循循善诱的老师
■If an activity is stimulating, it causes your body to be active （活动）增强活力的，促进身体机能的
• Aerobics is one of the most stimulating forms of exercise. 有氧舞蹈是最能增强身体活力的运动之一。
adj. 刺激的；有刺激性的
 - incentive, irritative
v. 刺激；激励；促进（stimulate的ing形式）
 - exciting, motivating

Word: hoof
Front: hoof
[hu:f] (宝 10091/10275 -1)
Vocabulary: hoof
(once / 517 pages)
nv
A foot is to a human what a hoof is to a horse, a goat, or a giraffe. Each hoof protects the animal and helps it to walk and run.
A hoof is made of keratin, just like your fingernails, but it tends to be thicker and harder since it has to bear the weight of the animal. Hoof can also be a verb that, surprisingly enough, applies to humans. Maybe you have offered someone a ride, only to be told, "No, I think I'll just hoof it," meaning walk or otherwise go on foot. Hoof is sometimes substituted for dance if the person doing it is getting paid.
WORD FAMILY
hoof: hoofed, hoofer, hoofing, hooflike, hoofs, hooves+/hoofer: hoofers/hoofing: hoofings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mulefoot is named for its non-cloven hoof, and was the subject of a vibrant industry including some 200 herds a century ago.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The “s” struggling to hang on at the end of “Happy Holidays” fell, exhausted, and was trampled beneath thousands of tiny, pawing, prancing reindeer hooves.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The endangered mammal is one the smallest hoofed animals in the world and was born at Chester Zoo.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （兽的）蹄，马蹄; 〈俚〉（人的）脚; 有蹄类动物
v. 走，步行; 以蹄踢（踏）
时态：hoofed, hoofing, hoofs
分布：蹄(94%)，以蹄踢(3%)，行走(3%)
→来自古英语hof,蹄，来自kop,击，打，砍，词源同hatchet.
【记】读：胡夫－睡在金字塔里的哥们儿，原来是暴君经常踢人。
【区】hood（n 帽兜）；hook（n 钩；吊钩）
noun countable (plural hooves or hoofs)
■the hard part on the bottom of the feet of animals such as horses, sheep and deer （马、羊、鹿等动物的）蹄 Compare paw
[hu:f] noun countable (plural hooves or hoofs)
on the hoof UK informal
■If you do something on the hoof, you do it while you are moving about or doing something else, often without giving it the attention it deserves 顺便；草草地
• I've got a meeting downtown in 20 minutes so I'll have lunch on the hoof. 20分钟后我在市中心还有个会议，所以只好在路上顺便吃午饭了。
[hu:f] verb transitive informal
■to kick a ball 踢（球）
• The defender hoofed the ball up the field. 防守队员把球踢向前场。
[hu:f] verb transitive informal
hoof it informal
■to walk somewhere, or to walk somewhere quickly 步行；快速行走
• We missed the bus and had to hoof it. 我们错过了公共汽车，所以只好步行。
vi. 步行；踢；跳舞
 - foot, pad
vt. 用蹄踢；步行
 - travel along, to walk
n. [脊椎] 蹄；人的脚
 - ungula

Word: invaluable
Front: invaluable
[ɪnˈvæljuəbl] (研六托雅 10081/6383 -1)
Vocabulary: invaluable
(once / 1218 pages)
adj
If you're robbed, much of what is stolen can be replaced. All you need is the cash value of what was lost. But some things––family photos, heirloom jewelry––are invaluable, meaning extremely valuable, or priceless.
At first glance, you would think that invaluable means "not valuable." But to understand its meaning, you'd have to know that it was formed from the prefix in- "not" plus the verb value, plus the suffix –able "able to be." So something invaluable has such great value that its value can't be calculated.
WORD FAMILY
invaluable: invaluableness, invaluably+/devaluate: devaluated, devaluates, devaluating/devaluation: devaluations/ devalue: devaluate, devaluation, devalued, devalues, devaluing/overvalue: overvaluation, overvalued, overvalueing, overvalues, overvaluing/revaluation: revaluations/revalue: revaluation, revalued, revalues, revaluing/undervaluation: undervaluations/undervalue: undervaluation, undervalued, undervalues, undervaluing/ valuable: invaluable, valuableness, valuables, valuably/valuate: valuating, valuation, valuator/valuation: valuations/valuator: valuators/ value: devalue, overvalue, revalue, undervalue, valuable, valuate, valued, valueless, valuer, values, valuing/valued: multi-valued, unvalued/valueless: valuelessness/valuer: valuers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resources provided by Homegrown By Heroes proved invaluable.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
These patient measures will be invaluable as rare diseases become better understood.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Trump called him “an invaluable asset” and praised the breadth of experience he would bring to the new administration.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 非常宝贵的; 无法估计的; 无价的; 金不换
分布：无价的(92%)，非常珍贵的(8%)
→in-,不，非，value,价值。即无法估量价值的，无价的，极宝贵的。同时，也可理解成毫无价值的，但该词义已做古。
无法估价的(in不+val+uable→不能估价的)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
a.非常宝贵的,无价的The painting is an invaluable treasure.这幅画是无价之宝.
adjective
■extremely useful 极有用的，宝贵的
• The new job will provide you with invaluable experience. 这份新工作将使你获得宝贵的经验。
• Such data will prove invaluable to/for researchers. 这些资料对于研究人员来说将是非常宝贵的。
valueless/worthless, priceless, invaluable
valueless/worthless: 没有价值的；
priceless: 无价之宝的；
invaluable: 一般不形容价格或钱，意为“非常有用的”
valueless, invaluable
valueless: a.没有价值的，相当于worthless。
 • That bracelet is a cheap, valueless piece of jewelry.   那个手镯是一件便宜的、不值钱的首饰。
invaluable: a.无价的，非常宝贵的，相当于priceless。
 • Your help in moving the big refrigerator was invaluable.   你帮忙搬那个大冰箱，你的帮助是可贵的。
adj. 无价的；非常贵重的
 - inestimable, impayable

Word: revert
Front: revert
[rɪˈvɜ:t] (托宝 10064/5938 -1)
Vocabulary: revert
(once / 757 pages)
v
While revert means to return to something earlier or to go back, it's often used wrongly in combination. If you're buying the older version of the game, you might say you're "reverting back," which is like saying "go back back."
Revert has been around since the early 14th century, and it has changed little in meaning from the original "turn back" and "return." You can revert to a simpler way of life or revert to bad behavior. Software users might revert to an older version of a program with fewer bugs. Though rare in modern use, some international English speakers do use "revert back" for "reply" in writing and e-mail, but most of the time, using revert with "back" is redundant, or repetitive.
WORD FAMILY
revert: reversion, reversive, reverted, reverting, reverts+/reversion: reversionary, reversioner, reversionist, reversions/reversioner: reversioners/reversionist: reversionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Please do NOT revert to old bell times!!!” one high school parent wrote.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Without power, we reverted to the things explorers relied on 100 years ago.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
In most every situation, Williams reverts to film for comfort.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 恢复; 重提; 回到…上; <律>归还
n. 归属; 恢复原来信仰的人
vt. 使恢复原状
时态：reverted, reverting, reverts
分布：恢复(58%)，回复(31%)，归还(11%)
→re-,向后，往回，-vert,转，词源同 pervert,perverse.
恢复原状(re回+ert→转回来→恢复)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [-'vɝ:t] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  revert to sth
■to return to doing, using, being or referring to something, usually something bad or less satisfactory 回到，恢复，重提（不好的或令人不满意的事情）
• Why does the conversation have to revert to money every five minutes? 为甚么话题每五分钟就会回到钱上去？
• [+ -ing verb] When they divorced, she reverted to using her maiden name. 他们离婚后，她就恢复了她娘家的姓。
UK [rɪ'vɜ:t] US [-'vɝ:t] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  revert to sb legal
■to become the property of a particular person again 归还（某人）；归属于（某人）
• When I die, the house will revert to my sister. 我死后，这座房子归我妹妹所有。
invert, transform, revert, convert
这组词都有“转变”的意思，其区别是：
invert: v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
 • The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.   婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
transform: v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
 • A little paint will soon transform the old house.   刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
revert: v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
 • John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.   约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
convert: v.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
 • He wants to convert to Catholicism.   他要皈依天主教。
vi. 回复；重提；返祖遗传；归还
 - return, respond with

Word: spotted
Front: spotted
[ˈspɒtɪd] (10045/12424)
Back: adj. 有斑点的; 有污点的; 弄脏的; 〈口〉受注意的
v. 发现; 玷污
分布：有斑点的(57%)，斑纹的(25%)，有污点的(18%)
→spot,斑点，-ed,形容词后缀。
US ['spɑ:.ɪd] adjective
■covered in small, usually round areas of colour 有斑点的；斑纹的
• a spotted toad 身上布满斑点的蟾蜍
• She was wearing a black and white spotted dress. 她穿着一件黑白点的连衣裙。
adj. 有斑点的；斑纹的；弄污的
 - macular, fleckered
v. 发现（spot的过去分词）；玷污；弄上污痕
 - detected

Word: weed
Front: weed
[wi:d] (高研四六托雅宝 4545/6003 -2)
Back: n. 杂草; 大麻; 废物; 烟草
vt. 给…除杂草; 除（草）; 消除
vi. 除草
时态：weeded, weeding, weeds
分布：杂草(56%)，除草(23%)，野草(9%)，清除(5%)，淘汰(5%)，丧服(1%)，衣服(1%)
→词源不详。
n.杂草,野草v.除草,锄草I seem to deem his foreseeing of that the man will seek seeds in the weed.我似乎相信他的预见,他预见那个人将在杂草中寻找种子.
noun
PLANT 植物
countable
■any wild plant which grows in an unwanted place, especially in a garden or field where it prevents the cultivated plants from growing freely 杂草；野草
uncountable old-fashioned slang * cannabis
uncountable UK old-fashioned informal * tobacco
[wi:d] noun
PERSON 人
countable UK informal disapproving
■someone who is thin and physically weak or who is weak in character 瘦弱的人；懦弱的人
• He looks like a real weed in those shorts. 他穿着那条短裤看起来真的很瘦弱。
[wi:d] verb intransitive or transitive
■to remove wild plants from a place where they are not wanted 除草；为…除杂草
• I've been weeding (the vegetable garden). 我一直在（菜园子里）除草。
[wi:d] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] weed sth/sb out
■to get rid of unwanted things or people from a group 清除；剔除；淘汰
• The first round of interviews only really serves to weed out the very weakest of applicants. 第一轮面试实际上只是要淘汰那些实力最弱的申请者。
herb, grass, weed
这组词都有“草”的意思，其区别是：
herb: 指可供药用或生产食物调料用的草。
grass: 指一般的青草或牧草。
weed: 指混在作物中的杂草或园中的野草。
vt. 除草；铲除
 - shovel
n. [植] 杂草，野草；菸草
 - fireweed, ruderal

Word: ringing
Front: ringing
[ˈrɪŋɪŋ] (10072/11271 -1)
Back: adj. 响亮的; 银铃般的; 干脆的; 斩钉截铁的
n. 响声; 铃声; 打钟
v. 把…圈起来( ring的现在分词); 环绕; 包围; 打电话给
分布：铃声(81%)，响声(11%)，干脆的(4%)，嘹亮的(2%)，动词ring的现在分词.(2%)
→来自 ring,响铃。
ADJ
响亮的;洪亮的;嘹亮的
A ringing sound is loud and can be heard very clearly.
例：He hit the metal steps with a ringing crash.只听他咣当一声，摔在了金属台阶上。
ADJ
(声明或宣言)强有力的，铿锵有力的，令人印象深刻的
A ringing statement or declaration is one that is made forcefully and is intended to make a powerful impression.
例：So far we have had ringing declarations, but only limited action.目前，我们已经发表了一些有力的声明，但只采取了有限的行动。
例：...the party's 14th Congress, which gave a ringing endorsement to capitalist-style economic reforms.该党第14届代表大会大力支持推行资本主义模式的经济改革
adj. 响亮的；明白的
 - evident, sonorous
n. 铃声
 - bell, tintinnabulation

Word: bikini
Front: bikini
[bɪˈki:ni] (10070/19891 -1)
Vocabulary: bikini
(once / 21220 pages)
n
A bikini is a two-piece women's bathing suit. Bikinis are usually skimpy, and a particularly small one inspired a song from 1960 called "Itsy Bitsy Teeny Weeny Yellow Polka Dot Bikini.”
We don't normally associate atomic bomb tests with cute bathing suits, but this one's an exception. The bikini is named after the Pacific atoll of the same name, where an atomic bomb was exploded in 1946. The reason a tiny bathing suit is named after a tiny island isn’t clear. Although a bikini isn't as explosive as a bomb, it is likely to be worn by a bombshell.
WORD FAMILY
bikini: bikinis
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few years later, at the start of the '90s, they began offering their - as yet unnamed - extreme bikini wax.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Fisher spoke frankly about hating the bikini and even trying to ad-lib some snark into the scene.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
“I like beautiful women eating burgers in bikinis,” he said.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 比基尼式游泳衣; 比基尼岛
分布：比基尼(93%)，三点式泳装(7%)
→Bikini岛原为美国太平洋军事基地，也是美国试验原子弹的地方。后该词形容美女穿两点式泳衣带来的冲击有如原子弹。
noun countable
■a two-piece swimming costume for women 比基尼泳衣，三点式泳衣，比基尼泳装
• a bikini top 比基尼上装，比基尼上衣
• bikini bottoms/briefs 比基尼三角裤，比基尼内裤
• One-piece swimming costumes are more fashionable than bikinis this year. 今年连身泳衣较比基尼泳衣更流行。

Word: infusion
Front: infusion
[ɪnˈfju:ʒn] (六托 10082/9307 -1)
Vocabulary: infusion
(once / 2277 pages)
1n 2n
The most common example of an infusion you are likely to encounter in your daily life is your morning cup of coffee. An infusion is the creation of a new substance by steeping another substance in a liquid, usually water.
Infusion is often misused with transfusion, which has a slightly different meaning. A transfusion, as in a blood transfusion, is the simple addition of one substance to another, without the creation of something new. But a drip feed of medicine, for example, is technically an infusion as it alters the state of the blood. See, you’re halfway to becoming a doctor (or at least a linguist) simply by reading this site.
WORD FAMILY
infusion: infusions+/ infuse: infused, infuses, infusing, infusion
USAGE EXAMPLES
He travels from Beaufort to the Charleston VA Medical Center once every three weeks for an immunotherapy infusion.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“In 1980, after a decade of stagnation, we needed an infusion of individualism,” he wrote.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Thursday’s announcement of a “letter of credit” stops short of providing an actual cash infusion, Hebert said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 注入; 灌输; 泡制，浸渍; 注入物
分布：注入(62%)，灌输(26%)，激励(6%)，泡制(6%)
→来自infuse,注入。
注入(infuse+ion)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when one thing is added to another to make it stronger or better 注入；灌输；泡制
• An infusion of $100 000 into the company is required. 公司需要挹注十万美元的资金。
• She drinks an infusion of herbs (= a drink made by leaving herbs in hot water). 她喝冲泡的草药。
n. 灌输；浸泡；注入物；激励
 - stimulus, animation

Word: sensual
Front: sensual
[ˈsenʃuəl] (宝 10089/11894 -1)
Vocabulary: sensual
(once / 885 pages)
adj
Sensual means physically pleasing. It often is used in a sexual context, but is not exclusively sexual in meaning.
Sensual has to do with the five senses, but it comes with a hint of lewdness, a suggestion of sex. Although you could have a sensual meal or experience that doesn’t involve romance, if you want a word that refers to the five senses without any unsavory connotations, use its cousin sensuous.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sensual / sensuous
The words sensual and sensuous are often used interchangeably, but careful writers would do well to think before using one or the other.
The terms share the root sens-, which means to arouse the senses. Sensual has referred to gratifying carnal, especially sexual, senses since before 1425. Sensuous is believed to have been created by John Milton in 1641 to mean relating to the senses instead of the intellect without the sexual connotation. Let's look at some examples that use our pair strictly:
Designer Zac Posen sent out sensual cancan girls straight out of a vintage Paris revue.
Every once in awhile Pauline will recreate one of the sensuous feasts she and Luciano used to serve to guests seated around a shared table.
Today, though, many writers will use the words interchangeably:
Heat and dust Delhi's sensual overload tests tourists, athletes
The way she gazes into his face, we are privileged to get a glimpse of a subtle and sensuous erotica.
It's a shame to lose these shades of meaning. When you use sensuous, do you mean to include sexual undertones? Are those undertones absent when you use sensual? Your readers will only know if you choose your words wisely.
WORD FAMILY
sensual: sensualest, sensualise, sensualism, sensuality, sensualize, sensually, sensualness+/sensualise: sensualised, sensualises/sensualism: sensualisms, sensualist/sensualist: sensualists/sensuality: sensualities/sensualize: sensualized, sensualizes, sensualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include the Ukraine – what was then Cossack-ravaged Poland, where Babel was an embedded correspondent – and Paris, which animated his sensual side.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“It has introspection. And it flows in a sensual way, and that’s what those chords did.”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Before gangster rap became the ubiquitous soundtrack of Los Angeles, Egyptian Lover’s sensual electro-rap was one of the defining sounds of the city.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 感觉的; 肉欲的，肉体上的; 色情的，淫荡的; 世俗的
分布：肉欲的(37%)，感官的(28%)，感觉论的(15%)，世俗的(13%)，色情的(7%)
→来自 sense,感官，-al,形容词后缀。引申词义感官的，肉欲的。
adjective
■expressing or suggesting physical, especially sexual, pleasure or satisfaction 感官的；（尤指）肉欲的，愉悦肉体的，满足肉欲的
• sensual pleasure 肉体之乐
• a sensual mouth/voice 性感的嘴唇／声音
• He is elegant, sensual, conscious of his body. 他优雅、性感，很在意自己的身材。
adj. 感觉的；肉欲的；世俗的；感觉论的
 - lay, mundane

Word: appointee
Front: appointee
[əˌpɔɪnˈti:] (10080/15968 -1)
Back: n. 被任命者; 被指定者; [法]指定的财产受益人
分布：被任命人(67%)，被指定人(33%)
被任命者(appoint任命)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■someone who has been chosen officially for a job or responsibility 被任命者；被委任者
• a government appointee 政府委任的人
• The new appointee will be working closely with both departments. 新委任的负责人将与这两个部门紧密工作。
n. 被任命者
 - nominee, designee

Word: halve
Front: halve
[hɑ:v] (六 10095/7024 -2)
Vocabulary: halve
(once / 4693 pages)
v
To halve something is to divide it into two equal parts. When you share a pizza with your best friend, you can cut it in half, or halve it.
A recipe might instruct you to halve an onion, and a little kid might request that you halve her peanut butter sandwich and cut the crusts off. You can also halve less physical things — you can halve your expenses if you reduce them by half, or halve the bill for lunch with your sister, if you split it with her. Halve comes from half, originally an Old English word meaning "side" or "part."
WORD FAMILY
halve: halved, halving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The UN wants to halve food waste per person in shops and in households by 2030 under its Sustainable Development Goals.
Economist(Dec 14, 2016)
The risk of a coronary event in 10 years was halved.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Peel the onion, halve it, then slice each half into thin segments.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…分成两半; 把…减半; 对分; 平摊
时态：halved, halving, halves
分布：减半(97%)，平分(3%)
→来自half的动词形式。比较interleave.
US [hæv] verb
transitive
■to reduce something by half or divide something into two equal pieces 使减半；把…二等分
• In the past eight years, the elephant population in Africa has been halved. 在过去的八年中，非洲大象的数量减少了一半。
• The potatoes will cook more quickly if you halve them before you put them in the oven. 如果把马铃薯切成两半再放进烤箱，它们会熟得更快。
intransitive
■If something halves, it is reduced by half 减半
• Their profits have halved in the last six months. 在过去的六个月里，他们的利润减少了一半。
vt. 二等分；把……减半
 - bisect

Word: hospitalize
Front: hospitalize
[ˈhɒspɪtəlaɪz] (10071/36280 -1)
Vocabulary: hospitalize
(once / 3683 pages)
v
To hospitalize is either to check a patient into a hospital, or to injure someone seriously enough that they need to be treated in a hospital. If you get a bad infection, your doctor may decide to hospitalize you.
Any time doctors decide that a patient ought to be treated intensively or needs a serious kind of surgery, they hospitalize their patient. It's more common to find this verb in the phrase "was hospitalized," as in "My favorite basketball player was hospitalized after collapsing on the court." Grammar snobs have long disapproved of verbs formed with the -ize suffix, and hospitalize was controversial when it was coined around 1870.
WORD FAMILY
hospitalize: hospitalization, hospitalized, hospitalizing+/ hospital: hospitalise, hospitalize, hospitals/hospitalise: hospitalisation, hospitalised/hospitalization: hospitalizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the next two years, he was hospitalized about 50 times, and he missed much of fourth and fifth grade.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials say a firefighter was hospitalized with injuries that aren’t considered life threatening.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Officials say he was hospitalized and is expected to survive.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 把…送入医院治疗; 就医
时态：hospitalized, hospitalizing, hospitalizes
分布：就医(50%)，使住院(50%)
→来自hospital,医院。
US ['hɑ:.spɪ.tˌəl-] verb transitive often passive
■to take someone to hospital and keep them there for treatment 送…住院治疗
• His wife's been hospitalized for depression. 他的妻子因患忧郁症被送往医院住院治疗。

Word: translucent
Front: translucent
[trænsˈlu:snt] (托雅宝 10086/14861 -1)
Vocabulary: translucent
(once / 3602 pages)
adj
A translucent material lets light pass through, but objects on the other side can't be seen clearly. Think Shrinky Dinks or stained glass.
In contrast, a transparent material allows you to clearly see the objects on the other side. Frosted glass is translucent, and regular glass is transparent. But opaque glass doesn't let any light through at all, and so you can't see through it. The adjective translucent is from Latin translucens, from translucere "to shine through."
WORD FAMILY
translucent: translucence, translucency, translucently+/translucency: translucencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Immediately add shallot and garlic and stir for 3-4 minutes, or until the shallot is translucent and beginning to brown around the edges.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Treasures are placed into a translucent window box opened from the inside by a shopkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Lanteri installed translucent light fixtures throughout the Mott home so that the fixtures themselves wouldn’t obstruct views of the surrounding space.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 半透明的; 透亮的，有光泽的
分布：半透明的(100%)
→来自 trans-,进入，穿过，-luc,发光，照射，词源同 lucent,light.引申词义半透明的。 transmigration 转生，转世
半透明的(trans透过+luc+ent→光透过→半透明的)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
【记】trans穿过，luc＝lucid（adj 明晰的；透光的），ent－光线能穿过－（半）透明的
【参】translucence（n 半透明）；transmit（v 传输；传播）；transmute（v 改变）mute“改变”
【反】impervious of light（不透光的）
US [træns-] often approving
adjective
■If an object or a substance is translucent, it is almost transparent, allowing some light through it in an attractive way 半透明的
• translucent plastic/glass 半透明的塑胶／玻璃
• This china is so fine and delicate that it's translucent. 这件瓷器手工精细，晶莹剔透。
• Delia's skin has a translucent quality. 迪莉娅皮肤白晰清透。
Compare opaque ; transparent
adj. [光] 透明的；半透明的
 - crystal, limpid

Word: zest
Front: zest
[zest] (托雅宝 10079/14392 -1)
Vocabulary: zest
(once / 1420 pages)
nv
Zest is a kind of zeal or enthusiasm. If you've got a zest for something, you put your whole heart and soul into it. Dancers who have great zest leap, kick, and soar their way around the stage with a kind of joyful energy.
Oddly enough, zest can also be the outer peel of a lemon or orange, which chefs scrape into their dishes when they want to add some tartness and tanginess to a recipe. People who live with that same kind of spice are said to have a "zest for life." In other words, they live their lives with a lot of flavor and gusto. A student who has a zest for learning dives into her books with an enjoyment and relish most people reserve for their wedding day.
WORD FAMILY
zest: zestful, zests, zesty +/zestful: zestfully, zestfulness/ zesty: zestily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
On a board, combine the olives, garlic, chiles, zest and oregano and finely chop them.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Many critics considered it her most memorable early role, and Reynolds related to a woman with tremendous zest for life.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 兴趣，热情; 风味，滋味; 风趣; 热功率热核反应装置
v. 给…调味
时态：zested, zesting, zests
分布：热情(84%)，风味(16%)
→来自法语zeste,橘子皮，来自希腊语skhizo,分开，剥下，来自skei,砍，切，词源同scissor,scythe,segment,因橘子皮可用来调味，因此引申词义风味，热情。
【记】z＝zeal，est最：对某事最热心－兴趣
【反】zesty（adj 兴致很高的）－bland（adj 温和冷漠的）
noun
EXCITEMENT 兴奋
[S or U]
■enthusiasm, eagerness, energy and interest 狂热；热情；兴致
• It's wonderful to see the children's zest for life. 很高兴看到孩子们对生活充满热情。
• He approached every task with a boundless zest. 他处理每项任务都满腔热情。
• The recording captures the zest of this live concert performance. 录音捕捉到了音乐会现场表演的热烈气氛。
[zest] noun
FRUIT SKIN 果皮
uncountable
■the skin of an orange, lemon or lime , used to add flavour to food （用于调味的）橘子皮，柠檬皮，柳橙皮
• grated lemon zest 擦碎的柠檬皮
n. 风味；热心；强烈的兴趣
 - enthusiasm, flavor
vt. 给…调味
 - season, sauce

Word: fitting
Front: fitting
[ˈfɪtɪŋ] (研六托雅 10090/4717 -2)
Back: n. 试穿，试衣; 设备，器材; 装置; 装修
adj. 适合的，适宜的; 适当的; 相称的
v. 使适合（fit的现在分词）; 使合身; 与…相符; 安装
分布：配件(27%)，装配(23%)，试穿(20%)，合适的(20%)，恰当的(9%)，动词fit的现在分词和动名词形式.(1%)
a.适当的,恰当的n.(常pl.)配件,附件;装配It is fitting for him to say so.他那样说是恰当的.
US ['fɪtˌ-] adjective formal
■suitable or right for a particular situation or occasion 适合（某情况或场合）的；恰当的
• a fitting tribute 恰如其分的褒奖
• [+ that] It is fitting that we should remember those who died. 我们应该记住那些死去的人，这是理所应当的。
UK ['fɪt.ɪŋ] US ['fɪtˌ-] noun
CLOTHES 衣服
countable
■an occasion when someone who is having clothes made for them puts on the clothes before they are finished to make certain they will fit 试衣
• I'm having the final fitting of my wedding dress on Thursday. 周四我要最后试穿一次结婚礼服。
UK ['fɪt.ɪŋ] US ['fɪtˌ-] noun
SMALL PART 细小部份
countable usually plural
■a small part or thing 小配件，附件
• plumbing fittings 水暖配件
• electric light fittings 电灯配件
Compare fixture
UK ['fɪt.ɪŋ] US ['fɪtˌ-] noun
IN A HOUSE 房屋内
countable usually plural UK (US furnishing)
■a piece of furniture, such as a cooker, washing machine or curtain pole, which is not permanently fixed in or part of the structure of a house and which a person might be expected to take with them when they move to a new home 可拆除装置（如炊具、洗衣机或窗帘杆）
• The house price, including fixtures and fittings, is £200 000. 包括固定装置和附加设备在内，房屋价格是20万英镑。
fit, appropriate, suitable, apt, proper, fitting
这组词都有“适当的”的意思，其区别是：
fit: 指具有适合于某个目的，某种工作或某种用途等必需的品质或条件。
appropriate: 指专门适合于某人或某事，语气较重，强调“恰如其分”。
suitable: 指具有适合于某种特定场合、地位或情况等的品质。
apt: 专指性质或构造适合达到某一目的或得到某种结果的要求。
proper: 往往侧重于符合某个标准或习惯。
fitting: 指与当时的目标、情绪状态、气氛、场合等相适应。
n. [机] 装配，装置； [服装] 试穿，试衣
 - assembly, device, apparatus, installation, unit
adj. 适合的，适宜的；相称的
 - adaptive, calculated, matching, well, worthy

Word: psychosocial
Front: psychosocial
[saɪkəʊ'səʊʃəl] (10034/29354)
Back: adj. 社会心理的（指社会环境影响下的个人心理变化）
分布：社会心理的(100%)

Word: poisonous
Front: poisonous
[ˈpɔɪzənəs] (高研四六宝 10074/9555 -K1)
Vocabulary: poisonous
(once / 945 pages)
adj
What do arsenic, cyanide, and bleach all have in common? They're poisonous. In other words, if you ingest these poisonous chemicals, you will most likely die or become very ill.
If something is poisonous, you'd better not eat, drink, inhale, or touch it: it will make you sick. Some poisonous materials can even kill you. Of course, this adjective is derived from the noun poison, which is a toxic substance. You can also calls things poisonous if they're harmful in less physical ways. Spreading lies about someone is poisonous. Betraying a friend is poisonous. What both kinds of poisonous things have in common is that they do damage.
WORD FAMILY
poisonous: non-poisonous, nonpoisonous, poisonousest, poisonously+/ poison: counterpoison, poisoned, poisoner, poisoning, poisonous, poisons/poisoner: poisoners/poisoning: poisonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, concerns about poisonous air, adulterated food and an ultracompetitive education system loom large in many people’s lives.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The performance was abject and the atmosphere inside the Liberty Stadium poisonous.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
However, police found that the batch in Irkutsk contained methanol, a poisonous substance found in antifreeze, instead of ethanol.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有毒的; 有害的; 恶意的; <口>讨厌的
分布：有毒的(99%)，恶意的(1%)
有毒的(poison毒)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
a.有毒的,恶意的,恶毒的,道德败坏的The newly imprisoned prisoners poisoned poisonous moisture are hoisted out from the prison.中了有毒湿气毒的新近关押的囚犯被从监狱吊出.
adjective
 ADVANCED
■very harmful and able to cause illness or death 有毒的，有害的
• poisonous chemicals 有毒化学物质
• Can you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties? 你能说出有毒蘑菇和食用蘑菇之间的区别吗？
■very unpleasant and hurtful 令人不快的；恶意的
• He said some poisonous things to me. 他对我说了些恶毒的话。
adj. 有毒的；恶毒的；讨厌的
 - toxic, evil, rank, vicious, venomous

Word: startled
Front: startled
['stɑ:tld] (10068/8211)
Back: adj. 受惊吓的
v. 使惊跳，使大吃一惊( startle的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：震惊的(48%)，受惊吓的(42%)，动词startle的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)
VERB
惊吓;使吓一跳
If something sudden and unexpected startles you, it surprises and frightens you slightly.
例：The telephone startled him...电话铃声吓了他一跳。
例：Sorry, I didn't mean to startle you...对不起，我不是故意想吓你一跳的。
adj. 受惊吓的
 - terrified

Word: coordinated
Front: coordinated
[kəuˈɔ:dineitid] (托 10096/15718)
Vocabulary: coordinated
(once / 4232 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Bridesmaids' dresses are often coordinated in color or style. Bridesmaids who can do every line dance in heels are really coordinated. Coordinated means to be unified, or physically able to perform complex moves.
When you say that someone is coordinated, you mean that they are able to get their muscles to work in sync. Can you pat your head and rub your stomach at the same time? If so, you are coordinated. The word comes from the Latin prefix co- meaning "together" and ordinare meaning "order." When something is coordinated, all the parts operate together in sync as a unit. A coordinated attack comes from many sides all at once.
WORD FAMILY
coordinated: uncoordinated+/ coordinate: coordinated, coordinately, coordinates, coordinating, coordination, coordinative, coordinator / coordination: coordinations, incoordination/ coordinator: coordinators/uncoordinated: uncoordinatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pope Francis, in his New Year’s address, called for a coordinated global effort to fight terrorism.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
In March, three coordinated suicide bombers attacked the airport and metro system in Brussels.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“What was surprising was what a coordinated effect it is,” Dr. Proietto said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 协调的
v. 使协调，使调和( coordinate的过去式和过去分词); 协调; 协同; 成为同等
分布：名词(100%)
US [koʊ'ɔ:r.dɪ.neɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
WELL ORGANIZED 良好协调的
■effectively organized 协调一致的
• The rebel troops have launched a coordinated attack on government soldiers. 叛军向政府军发起了协同进攻。
■If a person is coordinated, they move in a very easy and controlled way, especially when playing sports or dancing （人）动作协调的，有协调性的
• I wasn't a very coordinated child. 我小时候协调性不是很好。
UK [kəʊ'ɔ:.dɪ.neɪ.tɪd] US [koʊ'ɔ:r.dɪ.neɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
WELL MATCHED 良好搭配的
■arranged so that the colours, etc. match or look attractive together （色彩等）搭配协调的
• colour-coordinated decor 色彩搭配协调的装饰格调
• The colour scheme of their living room is carefully coordinated. 他们给客厅进行了精心的色彩搭配。
adj. 协调的
 - harmonious, concerted

Word: brutally
Front: brutally
['bru:təlɪ] (10087/11685)
Back: adv. 残忍地，野蛮地; 狠狠地
分布：残忍地(51%)，野蛮地(33%)，冷酷无情地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
野蛮的；残暴的
A brutal act or person is cruel and violent.
例：He was the victim of a very brutal murder.他是一桩恶性谋杀案的受害者。
例：...the brutal suppression of anti-government protests...对反政府抗议的残酷镇压
ADJ-GRADED
直截了当的；直言不讳的；直率的
If someone expresses something unpleasant with brutal honesty or frankness, they express it in a clear and accurate way, without attempting to disguise its unpleasantness.
例：It was refreshing to talk about themselves and their feelings with brutal honesty...他们直言不讳地谈论自己和自己的感受，让人觉得耳目一新。
例：He took an anguished breath. He had to be brutal and say it.他痛苦地吸了口气，不得不坦言此事。
ADJ-GRADED
残酷无情的；难以忍受的
Brutal is used to describe things that have an unpleasant effect on people, especially when there is no attempt by anyone to reduce their effect.
例：The dip in prices this summer will be brutal...今年夏天价格的大幅下跌将会很残酷。
例：The afternoon sun had been brutal...下午的太阳酷热难挡。
adv. 残忍地；野蛮地；兽性地
 - ferociously, mercilessly

Word: approved
Front: approved
[ə'pru:vd] (10097/5788)
Back: adj. 经核准的，被认可的
v. 赞成，同意( approve的过去式和过去分词 ); 批准; 认可; 核准
分布：被认可的(60%)，经核准的(40%)
adjective
■describes something that is generally or officially accepted as being correct or satisfactory 批准的，核准的；认可的
• What's the approved way of dealing with this? 怎样处理这种事情才合适？
• This school only offers approved language courses. 这所学校只开设经过审批的语言课程。

Word: contaminated
Front: contaminated
[kən'tæmɪneɪtɪd] (10093/12621)
Vocabulary: contaminated
(once / 2675 pages)
adj
Something that's contaminated is polluted or fouled. People should not drink or brush their teeth with contaminated water.
If a medical test or sample becomes contaminated, it means that some foreign material has corrupted it — the test has to be retaken. Likewise, if the water in your well is contaminated with arsenic, which is poisonous in high enough concentrations, you'll have to drain and clean the well or possibly even dig a new one. Things become contaminated when they're exposed to dangerous or dirty substances. The Latin root of contaminated is contaminare, "to defile."
WORD FAMILY
contaminated: uncontaminated+/ contaminate: contaminated, contaminates, contaminating, contamination, decontaminate/contaminating: uncontaminating/ contamination: contaminations/decontaminate: decontaminated, decontaminating, decontamination
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one study, researchers found that more than three-fourths of colonoscopes and gastroscopes were still contaminated after cleaning and disinfection in accordance with manufacturer guidelines.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A police officer said dozens were hospitalized in the eastern Punjab province after they consumed contaminated alcohol.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The plan includes excavation of contaminated soils and sediments, capping and long-term monitoring.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 把…弄脏，污染（ contaminate的过去式 ）; 玷污，毒害，腐蚀（人的思想或品德）
adj. 被污染的
分布：受污染的(97%)，动词contaminate的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
【反】aseptic（adj 无菌的）；pristine（adj 纯洁的）
VERB
污染;弄脏
If something is contaminated by dirt, chemicals, or radiation, they make it dirty or harmful.
例：Have any fish been contaminated in the Arctic Ocean?北冰洋的鱼受到过污染吗？
例：...vast tracts of empty land, much of it contaminated by years of army activity.大片撂荒的土地，其中大部分由于经年累月的战火而受到了污染
adj. 受污染的；弄脏的
 - polluted, flyblown
v. 污染（contaminate的过去式）
 - polluted

Word: numerical
Front: numerical
[nju:ˈmerɪkl] (研六托雅 10114/7312 -1)
Vocabulary: numerical
(once / 2003 pages)
adj
Anything numerical is related to numbers or can be expressed in numbers. Your height is a numerical concept, but your love for your friends is not.
You will learn many numerical concepts in math class: anything that has to do with numbers in any way can be referred to as numerical. Mathematicians deal with numerical issues, but poets do not — unless they're counting syllables, which is numerical because it involves numbers. Some people are better with numerical concepts than others — like accountants, statisticians, and math teachers.
WORD FAMILY
numerical: numerically+/ number: numbered, numbering, numberless, numbers, numerical, unnumberable/numbered: unnumbered/numbering: numberings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite their numerical disadvantage, Stuart Armstrong and Moussa Dembele added to their tally as Celtic won its 13th in a row.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
All-male teams will be limited to seven sailors, with mixed teams now being allowed a numerical advantage.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The GOP now holds numerical majorities in 33 legislatures.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 数字的，用数字表示的，数值的
分布：数字的(57%)，用数字表示的(43%)
a.数字的,用数字表示的,数值的We have numerical strength over the enemy.我方兵力多于敌方.
US [nu:-] adjective
■involving or expressed in numbers 数字的；以数字表示的
• a numerical calculation 数字运算
• numerical skill/ability 计数能力
• Keep your files in numerical order. 把你的档按照数字顺序排列。
• The UN forces have a numerical superiority over the rebels (= There are more of the UN forces). 联合国部队跟叛乱分子相比，人数占优势。
adj. [数] 数值的；数字的；用数字表示的（等于numeric）
 - digital

Word: grassy
Front: grassy
[ˈgrɑ:si] (六 10102/12106 -1)
Back: adj. 长满草的; 草绿色的
级别：grassier, grassiest
分布：长满草的(63%)，草绿色的(26%)，像草的(11%)
US ['græs.i] adjective
■covered with grass 覆盖着青草的；长满青草的
• a grassy slope/hillside 长满青草的坡地／山坡
adj. 长满草的；草绿色的
 - herby

Word: winding
Front: winding
[ˈwaɪndɪŋ] (六宝 10105/7761)
Vocabulary: winding
(once / 384 pages)
nadj
Use the adjective winding to describe something with twists and turns, like a winding country road or a little winding mountain stream.
A path through the woods that has plenty of bends and curves in it is winding, and a river that curls and meanders down to the sea is also winding. The Beatles song "The Long and Winding Road" describes a twisting, indirect road. Winding has an Old English root, the word windan, which means "to turn, twist, or wind."
WORD FAMILY
winding: self-winding, windingly, windings+/ unwind: unwinded, unwinding, unwinds, unwound/ wind: unwind, winded, winder, winding, windless, winds, windy/winded: windedest, windedly/winder: winders/windless: windlessly, windlessness/windy: windier, windiest, windily, windiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The three longtime teammates reminisced about their winding road to this point, from the first U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Barkley called a loss in his first start a minor stumbling block after what seemed a winding road to making any starts.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Though her Penn State career is winding down, Krupa is still up to her old tricks.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 绕，缠; 线圈，弯曲
adj. 弯曲的，蜿蜒的; 旋的，盘绕的
分布：线圈(37%)，弯曲的(29%)，蜿蜒的(29%)，卷(5%)
→来自wind,缠绕，蜿蜒。引申词义线圈，变压器绕组。
N-VAR
风
A wind is a current of air that is moving across the earth's surface.
例：There was a strong wind blowing...狂风肆虐。
例：Then the wind dropped and the surface of the sea was still...后来风势渐弱，海面重归平静。
N-COUNT
(影响事件的)趋势（或因素）（常作新闻用语）
Journalists often refer to a trend or factor that influences events as a wind of a particular kind.
例：The winds of change are blowing across the country...改革之风吹遍全国。
例：The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
VERB
使气急;使呼吸困难
If you are winded by something such as a blow, the air is suddenly knocked out of your lungs so that you have difficulty breathing for a short time.
例：He was winded and shaken...他呼吸困难，身体发抖。
例：The cow stamped on his side, winding him.牛重重地踩在他的肋部，使他喘不上气来。
N-UNCOUNT
（胃肠中的）气
Wind is the air that you sometimes swallow with food or drink, or gas that is produced in your intestines, which causes an uncomfortable feeling.
VERB
给(婴儿）拍嗝儿
If you wind a baby, you hit its back gently in order to help it to release air from its stomach.
例：If he cries when you put him down after a feed, try winding him.如果你喂完后把他放下时他哭，给他拍拍嗝儿。
ADJ
管乐的
The wind section of an orchestra or band is the group of people who produce musical sounds by blowing into their instruments.
PHRASE
放屁
If someone breaks wind, they release gas from their intestines through their anus.
PHRASE
听到…的风声
If you get wind of something, you hear about it, especially when someone else did not want you to know about it.
例：I don't want the public, and especially not the press, to get wind of it at this stage.我不想让公众，尤其是新闻界，在这个阶段听到什么风声。
PHRASE
可能发生
If something is in the wind, it is likely to happen.
例：By the mid-1980s, change was in the wind again.20世纪80年代中期，变革又呈山雨欲来之势。
PHRASE
吓唬;使焦虑
If something or someone puts the wind up you, they frighten or worry you.
例：'I heard you had some funny phone calls.' — 'Yeah, that's why yours rather put the wind up me.'“我听说你接到了一些骚扰电话。”——“没错儿，所以你的电话把我吓坏了。”
PHRASE
冒险做事(或说话)
If you sail close to the wind, you take a risk by doing or saying something that may get you into trouble.
例：Max warned her she was sailing dangerously close to the wind and risked prosecution.马克斯警告她说她这是在玩火，有被起诉的危险。
PHRASE
给…泼冷水（或当头一棒）
If something takes the wind out of your sails, it suddenly makes you much less confident in what you are doing or saying.
PHRASE
可能发生何事;事态的发展
If you realize or find out which way the wind is blowing or how the wind is blowing, you realize or find out what is likely to happen, for example whether something is likely to succeed.
例：He didn't like to make pronouncements before he was sure which way the wind was blowing.在没有弄清事态的走向前，他不想发表声明。
n. 绕，缠；线圈；弯曲
 - curve, give
adj. 弯曲的，蜿蜒的； [纺] 卷绕的
 - curve, flexural

Word: triumphant
Front: triumphant
[traɪˈʌmfənt] (六 10088/8646 -1)
Vocabulary: triumphant
(once / 301 pages)
adj
If you're triumphant, you're proud of a huge success, like your triumphant victory at your ping-pong tournament.
Winning an honor or a competition means that you're triumphant. The joy you feel about your win is called described as triumphant. You might flash a triumphant smile at the audience during the curtain call after your excellent performance in the school play. Triumphant comes from the Latin word triumphus, which means triumph, but also describes a procession for a victorious general or admiral.
WORD FAMILY
triumphant: triumphantest, triumphantly+/ triumph: triumphal, triumphant, triumphed, triumphing, triumphs/triumphal: triumphally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps the best snapshot of Cleveland’s triumphant year was James wearing a “Cleveland Or Nowhere” T-shirt while cheering for the Indians during the World Series.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It all looks so different from the triumphant panorama presented more than two decades ago when the European Union was expanding.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Aspects of the music that seem catastrophic acquire a triumphant tinge.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 成功的; 得意洋洋的; 欢欣鼓舞的; 凯
分布：胜利的(75%)，得意洋洋的(25%)
→triumph,胜利，-ant,形容词后缀。
adjective
■having achieved a great victory (= winning a war or competition) or success, or feeling very happy and proud because of such an achievement 取得巨大成功的；欢欣鼓舞的；洋洋得意的
• It seemed as though the whole city had turned out for their team's triumphant homecoming. 几乎全城的人都出来欢迎自己的队伍凯旋归来。
• She emerged triumphant from the court after all the charges against her were dropped because of a lack of evidence. 对她的所有指控因证据不足被撤销后，她扬眉吐气地走出了法庭。
• She made a triumphant return to the stage after several years working in television. 在电视行业工作了几年以后，她意气风发地重返舞台。
adj. 成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的
 - successful, made

Word: shampoo
Front: shampoo
[ʃæmˈpu:] (研四六 10085/10466 -1)
Back: n. 洗发剂; 洗发香波; （洗地毯、家具罩套、汽车等的）洗涤剂; 洗头
vt. 用洗发剂洗头; 用洗涤剂洗
时态：shampooed, shampooing, shampoos
分布：洗头(63%)，洗发剂(22%)，洗涤剂(11%)，地毯等）(2%)，洗（头发(2%)
→来自英式印度语 shampoo,按摩，来自印度语 champo,揉，捏。一种印度传统头部和身体保健 方法，后引申词义洗涤剂，洗发水等。
n.洗发膏,香波;洗发,洗头v.洗发,洗头The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
noun (plural shampoos)
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a soapy liquid used for washing hair, or for washing particular objects or materials 洗发精；洗发剂；洗涤剂
• an anti-dandruff shampoo 去头屑洗发精
• a carpet shampoo 地毯清洗剂
• Directions: wet hair, apply shampoo and massage into a rich lather. 使用说明：润湿头发，涂上洗发精并轻揉头发至产生大量的泡沫。
countable
■an act of washing something, especially your hair, with shampoo （用洗发精或洗涤剂）洗；（尤指）洗发
• My hair/The rug/The dog needs a shampoo. 我的头发／地毯／这只狗需要洗一洗。
• She went to the hairdressers for a shampoo and set. 她去美容院洗头并做头发。
[ʃæm'pu:] verb transitive
■to wash something with shampoo 用洗发精洗；用洗涤剂洗
• Duncan shampooed my hair and then Tracy cut it. 邓肯给我洗了头，然后特蕾西给我剪了头发。

Word: bypass
Front: bypass
[ˈbaɪpɑ:s] (研六雅 7601/8253 -2)
Vocabulary: bypass
(once / 3694 pages)
vn
When you bypass something, you avoid it, go around it, or ignore it. You might wish you could just read the books assigned in your English class and bypass the papers and exams.
You can bypass something physically, like when you bypass the busiest intersections in town during rush hour, driving on smaller streets instead. You can also bypass things figuratively: political candidates often bypass hard questions from reporters, and big businesses sometimes find ways to bypass some of the taxes they owe. As a noun, a bypass is either an alternative road or route; or a heart operation that allows blood flow when an artery is blocked.
WORD FAMILY
bypass: bypassed, bypasses, bypassing
USAGE EXAMPLES
All oversize trucks exceeding 11 feet wide must use the posted detour route, which bypasses 11 miles of interstate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
With only themselves and their appetites as a guide, they bypass any information that doesn’t suit their predisposition and worldview.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A bypass channel for the irrigation dam would be built near the Montana-North Dakota border to let endangered pallid sturgeon reach upstream spawning grounds.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 旁道，支路; 迂回管道; [电]分路迂徊; [医]导管
vt. 疏通; 忽视; 管道运输
时态：bypassed, bypassing, bypasses
分布：绕开(38%)，旁道(25%)，忽视(22%)，支路(15%)
旁路;忽略(by+pass通过→从旁边通过→忽略)[by-表示"在旁边,副的"]
n.(by-pass)旁道;vt.绕过The ass bypassed the guard and assassinated the surpassing ambassador in the embassy.驴为警卫设旁路并且在大使馆暗杀胜过的大使.
【记】by旁边，pass经过－从旁边经过－绕过
US [-pæs] verb transitive
■to avoid something by going around it 绕过；绕…走；避开
• We were in a hurry so we decided to bypass Canterbury because we knew there'd be a lot of traffic. 我们得赶时间，于是决定绕过坎特伯雷，因为我们知道那里交通会很挤塞。
■to ignore a rule or official authority 忽视；置…于不顾；越过
• They bypassed the committee and went straight to senior management. 他们越过委员会，直接找高级管理层。
UK ['baɪ.pɑ:s] US [-pæs] noun countable
ROAD 道路
■a road built around a town or village so that traffic does not need to travel through it （绕过村镇的）旁路，副道
UK ['baɪ.pɑ:s] US [-pæs] noun countable
OPERATION 手术 (also heart bypass)
■a bypass operation 接三通管的手术
vt. 绕开；忽视；设旁路；迂回
 - ignore, neglect
n. 旁路； [公路] 支路
 - side road, passby

Word: self-defense
Front: self-defense
[ˌselfdɪ'fens] (雅)
Back: n. 正当防卫; 自卫
分布：自卫(100%)

Word: steady
Front: steady
[ˈstedi] (高研四六托雅 2914/2922 -K3)
Vocabulary: steady
(once / 78 pages)
1adjvadv 2adj 3adjn
The adjective steady describes something that is firmly fixed in position. If you have to climb up on your roof, you definitely want to have a steady ladder. Otherwise, you risk ending up in the bushes instead of on the roof.
The adjective steady can also describe something that isn't going to fluctuate wildly. If you have a steady income from a salary, you bring in approximately the same amount of money each month. If you are paid on commission, on the other hand, you may make Midas look poor in some months and beggars look rich in others. As a verb, to steady means "to make something steady" (big surprise): You can steady a wobbly table by sticking a matchbook under its shortest leg, or you could steady a nervous dog with a reassuring pat.
WORD FAMILY
steady: steadied, steadier, steadies, steadiest, steadily, steadiness, steadying, steadyingly, steadyly, unsteady+/steadiness: steadinesses/unsteadiness: unsteadinesses/unsteady: unsteadied, unsteadily, unsteadiness, unsteadyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a comedy, but one with “a steady undertow of anxiety, dread and anger,” Stephen Holden wrote in The Times.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
They learn to rappel down abandoned buildings and hold their rifles steady, ready to fire, while charging across a swampy field.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Steady demand for kitty litter helped Wyo-Ben and other bentonite miners through the downturn.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 稳定的，不变的; 镇定的，沉着的; 坚定的
vt. 使稳定，使坚定
n. 关系固定的情侣
时态：steadied, steadying, steadies
分布：稳定的(69%)，稳固的(9%)，坚定的(5%)，固定支架(4%)，使稳定(4%)，关系固定的情侣(4%)，使坚定(4%)，使稳固(1%)
→stead,位置，地方，-y,形容词后缀。
a.稳定的,不变的;坚定的v.(使)稳固/稳定Is the table steady?桌子平稳吗?
adjective
GRADUAL 逐渐的
 IMPROVER
■happening in a smooth, gradual and regular way, not suddenly or unexpectedly 稳步的；持续的；有规律的
• The procession moved through the streets at a steady pace. 队伍稳步穿过街道。
• Orders for new ships are rising, after several years of steady decline. 新船的订单数量经过几年的持续下降之后开始增加了。
• Over the last 10 years he has produced a steady flow/stream/trickle of articles and papers. 过去十年，他连续发表了一系列文章和论文。
• Progress has been slow but steady. 进展虽然缓慢，但却也在稳步向前。
['sted.i] adjective
FIRM 稳固的
■fixed and not moving or changing suddenly 固定不动的；稳固的，平稳的
• I'll hold the boat steady while you climb in. 我把船稳住，你爬上来。
• Most rental prices have held steady this year. 今年大部分租金保持不变。
• Young people assume that if you are in a steady relationship , you don't have to worry about HIV. 年轻人想当然地认为，只要保持稳定的恋爱关系，就不必担心爱滋病病毒。
['sted.i] adjective
CONTROLLED 受控制的
■under control 稳的；冷静的，沉着的
• a steady voice/look/gaze 冷静的声音／表情／目光
• You need steady nerves to drive in city traffic. 在市内开车需要沉着冷静。
• Painting these small details needs a steady hand. 画这些小细节手要稳。
■describes someone who can be trusted to show good judgment and act in a reasonable way 可靠的；稳重的
• a steady friend 可靠的朋友
['sted.i] adjective
go steady on sth UK (US go easy on sth) informal
■to not use too much of something 节省着用
• Go steady on the milk, Dan - that's our last bottle. 牛奶省着点喝，丹——那是我们最后一瓶了。
['sted.i] adjective
Steady on! UK informal
■used to tell someone that what they are saying is too extreme 别那么极端！说话留点余地！
• Steady on, Chris - she's nice but she's not that nice! 别这么绝对，克里斯——她是漂亮，但还没你说的那么漂亮！
['sted.i] verb transitive
STOP MOVING 固定不动
■to make something stop shaking or moving 使稳定；使固定不动
• He wobbled about on the bike and then steadied himself. 他在脚踏车上摇晃了几下，随后便稳住了。
• He steadied his rifle on the wall and fired. 他把步枪抵在墙上稳住，然后开火。
['sted.i] verb transitive
CONTROL 受控制的
■to become calm and controlled, or to make someone do this （使）冷静，（使）镇定下来
• Some people say that a drink will steady your nerves. 有些人说喝杯酒能稳定情绪。
['sted.i] adverb old-fashioned
go steady (with sb)
■to have a romantic relationship with one person for a long period （和某人）保持稳定的恋爱关系
• She's been going steady with Mike for six months. 她和麦克稳定交往已经六个月了。
firm, stable, steady
这组词都有“稳固的”的意思，其区别是：
firm: 指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。
stable: 多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。
steady: 指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。
adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的
 - settled, constant, stable, composed, permanent
vt. 使稳定；稳固；使坚定
 - firm, stabilitate
adv. 稳定地；稳固地
 - firmly, equably
n. 关系固定的情侣；固定支架
 - fixed bolster, fixed support

Word: mosaic
Front: mosaic
[məʊˈzeɪɪk] (研托雅宝 10103/5213 -1)
Vocabulary: mosaic
(once / 2523 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you’ve ever seen a piece of artwork where the picture is comprised of little clay tiles, then you’ve seen a mosaic.
If you break a nice piece of china, or a stain glass window, you could save the broken pieces for future use in a mosaic. A mosaic is a style of art where a larger image is created by arranging bits of clay, glass, or other materials in a pattern. More broadly, you can use this word to describe anything that is made up of many different elements, such as “the diverse group represented a mosaic of different viewpoints.”
WORD FAMILY
mosaic: mosaicism, mosaics
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The reason for his newfound celebrity: His likeness is featured in a mosaic there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The death of T1 was but one tile in this vast mosaic of annihilation.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 马赛克; 镶嵌图案; 镶嵌工艺; [植]花叶病
adj. 摩西的; 拼花的
vt. 镶嵌; 用马赛克装饰
分布：马赛克(56%)，镶嵌(38%)，镶嵌图案(5%)，用马赛克装饰(1%)
→来自拉丁语musaicum,献给智慧女神Muse的作品，词源同Muse,museum.一种古代的镶嵌组合艺术作品，后作为电影术语使用。
n.马赛克;镶嵌体The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今早的天空有如一幅蓝白两种颜色相拼的图案.
US [moʊ-] noun countable
■a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass 马赛克；镶嵌图案；镶嵌画
• a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅美丽的10世纪镶嵌画
• figurative The country is now a cultural and social mosaic (= mixture) due to the influx of different ethnic groups. 因有不同种族融入，现在这个国家呈现出文化与社会的多元化景象。
n. [建] 马赛克； [细胞] [遗] 镶嵌；镶嵌细工
 - crustification, marquetry

Word: in-house
Front: in-house
[ˈɪnhaʊs] None
Back: adj. 机构内部的，在机构内部进行的
adv. 在机构内部
分布：形容词(89%)，名词(7%)，副词(4%)
adjective adverb
■Something that is done in-house is done within an organization or business by its employees rather than by other people 在组织内部（的）；在机构内部（的）
• an in-house training scheme 内部训练计划
• All our advertising material is designed in-house. 我们所有的广告材料都是由内部设计的。
adv. 内部地
 - internally
adj. 内部的
 - internal, inner, inside

Word: chandelier
Front: chandelier
[ˌʃændəˈlɪə(r)] (宝 10092/15645 -1)
Vocabulary: chandelier
(once / 2667 pages)
n
A chandelier is a fancy light fixture that is often ornate and hanging suspended in the middle of a formal space. Walk into a grand ballroom and see a light fixture adorned with sparkling crystals? That's a chandelier.
The word chandelier comes from the French candere meaning "be white, glisten." Look up at a chandelier and you'll see it glistening and casting white reflections on the walls. The French origin of the word might call up images of palaces like Versailles in France, where chandeliers hang in nearly every room.
WORD FAMILY
chandelier: chandeliers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there anything better than the Met’s Viennese chandeliers gliding to the ceiling as the lights dim?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The airy space is outfitted with comfortable velvet sofas and a large crystal chandelier.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Windows and crosses were broken, but the crystal chandelier was unharmed, reflecting the glow of the altar as they prayed in Assyrian and Arabic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 枝形吊灯
分布：名词(100%)
→词源同candle, 蜡烛。
枝形吊灯,烛台(chandel[=eandle蜡烛]+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
【记】chandel＝candle（n 蜡烛）－烛台
【参】chandler（n 杂货零售商，蜡烛制造者）
US [-'lɪr] noun countable
■a decorative light which hangs from the ceiling and has several parts like branches for holding bulbs or, especially in the past, candles 枝形吊灯；（尤指旧时用的）枝形烛台

Word: enthusiastically
Front: enthusiastically
[ɪnˌθju:zɪ'æstɪklɪ] (托 10100/8513)
Vocabulary: enthusiastically
(once / 1405 pages)
adv
When you do something enthusiastically, you do it with excitement and eagerness. You might enthusiastically accept your grandmother's invitation to join her on a European cruise.
If you love your job, you'll tend to work enthusiastically, and when your favorite band is playing, you'll wait enthusiastically for them to take the stage. Enthusiastically is a great adverb for describing anything you do cheerfully, or with enthusiasm. The adjective enthusiastic originally meant "possessed by a god," and it comes from the Greek word entheos, "divinely inspired or possessed," combining the roots en, "in," and theos, "god."
WORD FAMILY
enthusiastic: enthusiastically, overenthusiastic, unenthusiastic+/ enthusiasm: enthusiasms, enthusiast, enthusiastic / enthusiast: enthusiasts/overenthusiastic: overenthusiastically/unenthusiastic: unenthusiastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lescay is passionately and enthusiastically involved in many areas of the cultural life of Cuba and more broadly of the surrounding Caribbean.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Sorry, but this wasn’t the game that will get me all giddy about the Seahawks’ fortunes, or wax enthusiastically about their glorious return to form.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
For the first time in recent memory, the bluff was officially called on the city’s poor planning and misleading rhetoric as it enthusiastically boosts development.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 热心地，满腔热情地; 起劲
分布：热心地(60%)，热情地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
非常感兴趣的;热心的;热情的
If you are enthusiastic about something, you show how much you like or enjoy it by the way that you behave and talk.
例：Tom was very enthusiastic about the place...汤姆对那个地方非常感兴趣。
例：Bob Dole seemed less than enthusiastic about the proposed move.鲍勃·多尔似乎对提议的这项行动不太感兴趣。
adv. 热心地；满腔热情地
 - heart and hand, zealously

Word: precarious
Front: precarious
[prɪˈkeəriəs] (托雅宝 10101/9563 -1)
Vocabulary: precarious
(once / 1156 pages)
adj
Grab for the adjective precarious when something is unstable, dangerous or difficult and likely to get worse. Are you totally broke and the people you owe money to keep calling? You're in a precarious financial situation!
The Latin root of precarious means "obtained by asking or praying." This fits well as precarious always signals that help is needed desperately. If your life is precarious or you are in a precarious situation, things could become difficult, maybe even dangerous, for you. If your footing or hold on something is precarious, it is unstable or not firmly placed, so that you are likely to slip or lose your grip.
WORD FAMILY
precarious: precariously, precariousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two months into the season, they are in a precarious position.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Two games into its Big East schedule, the Georgetown men’s basketball team already finds itself in a precarious position.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“So the settlement is a huge opportunity for someone in a precarious situation to get money,” Sanchez said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的; 不确定的; 不安全的; 可疑的
分布：不稳定的(85%)，不安全的(15%)
→来自拉丁语precarius,乞求，恳求，乞怜而得，来自拉丁语precari,乞求，要求，恳求，来自prek,要求，恳求，词源同deprecate,pray.引申词义寄人篱下的，依附于人的，不稳的，危险的等。
【记】pre前，car＝care小心，ious－要预先小心－危险的pre前，car，ious：前面有很多车－危险的
【反】firmly grounded理由充分的；safe＝secure（adj 安全的）；stable（adj 稳定的）
US [-'ker.i-] adjective
■in a dangerous state because not safe or firmly fixed 危险的；不牢靠的，不稳的
• The lorry was lodged in a very precarious way, with its front wheels hanging over the cliff. 卡车的位置很危险，前轮悬在峭壁上面。
■A precarious situation is likely to get worse （情势）不稳定的，不确定的，危险的
• Many borrowers now find themselves caught in a precarious financial position. 许多借款人现在发现自己陷入不稳定的财务状况。
adj. 危险的；不确定的
 - dangerous, critical, risky, threatening

Word: self-interest
Front: self-interest
[ˈselfˈɪntrɪst, -ˈɪntərɪst] (-1)
Back: n. 利己主义; 私心
分布：利己主义(55%)，私利(45%)
US [-tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
■when you consider the advantage to yourself when making decisions, and act for your own good 私利；利己
• The company's donation was surely motivated by self-interest, as it attracted a lot of media attention. 公司的捐款一定是受到了私利的驱使，因为它吸引了很多媒体的关注。
n. 私利；利己主义
 - expedience, individualism

Word: avalanche
Front: avalanche
[ˈævəlɑ:nʃ] (托雅宝 10113/14505 -1)
Vocabulary: avalanche
(once / 1628 pages)
nv
Look out below! An avalanche is a whole lot of falling snow and ice. Also, life can feel like an avalanche when things get hectic.
Avalanche may be a fun word, but it's not a fun thing. If you were in a real, literal avalanche, then a huge amount of snow, ice, rocks, and mud would be falling off a mountain — potentially on to you. People get killed in avalanches. On the other hand, if every teacher in school gives you homework on the same night, that is "an avalanche of schoolwork." You'll survive it, but it's not much fun at the time.
WORD FAMILY
avalanche: avalanched, avalanches, avalanching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Miller added two goals and the New York Rangers beat the Colorado Avalanche 6-2 on Saturday night.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Every year, about 30 Americans die in avalanches, with an additional 110 deaths in Canada and Europe.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This will likely affect traffic getting to the ski slopes as road crews conduct avalanche control work.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 雪崩
vi. 崩塌
时态：avalanched, avalanching, avalanches
分布：雪崩(89%)，大量(11%)
→来自俗词源。avaler, 向下，同valance, 挂布。-anche, 同后缀ance.
雪崩(aval+lanche滑-向下滑)[aval=kownward(向下)]
【记】读：爱挖烂车。西藏可以致富，就连雪崩都是致富的手段。有这么一种人特别爱挖烂车去卖钱，雪崩过后就蜂拥而至。所以千万不要开车去拉萨，机场已经建好啦，否则赔了夫人又折车。
US [-æntʃ] noun countable
■a large amount of ice, snow and rock falling quickly down the side of a mountain 雪崩
■the sudden arrival of too many things 大量；突然到来的一大批
• We were swamped by an avalanche of letters/phone calls/complaints. 雪片般的来信／潮水般涌进的电话／纷至沓来的投诉使我们应接不暇。
n. [水文] [地理] 雪崩
 - slide, snowslide, lawine
vi. 崩塌
 - molder

Word: ginger
Front: ginger
[ˈdʒɪndʒə(r)] (六宝 7328/12231 -1)
Vocabulary: ginger
(once / 824 pages)
1nadjv 2n
Ginger is a plant with a thick root that's used to spice food. You can make homemade ginger ale using grated ginger.
Ginger is an important spice all over the world, appearing in things like ginger beer, ginger bread, many Indian dishes, Chinese food, and ginger tea. Since ginger is native to South Asia, it's most commonly found in countries on that continent. Many people use ginger as a home remedy or medicine, as well as a food. In Britain, and increasingly in the US, it's common to describe red hair as ginger.
WORD FAMILY
ginger: gingered, gingering, gingerly, gingers, gingery
USAGE EXAMPLES
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Olalia’s chicken and rice bowl is fragrant and soothing, spiked with chile leaves, ginger, garlic and fish sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Garnish with candied ginger on a bamboo skewer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 姜，生姜; 姜黄色; 精力，活力
adj. 姜黄色的
vt. 使有活力，使兴奋; 用姜给…调味
时态：gingered, gingering, gingers
分布：姜(95%)，精力(2%)，姜根(2%)，深棕色(1%)
→来自梵语。
【区】gingerly（adj /adv 极为谨慎的/地）
US [-dʒɚ] adjective noun uncountable
SPICE 调味品
■(containing) the spicy root of a tropical plant which is used in cooking or eaten preserved in sugar 姜，生姜
• ground (= powdered) ginger 姜粉
• crystallized ginger 蜜饯生姜
• ginger biscuits / cake 姜味饼干／饼
UK ['dʒɪn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] adjective noun uncountable
COLOUR 颜色
■(having) a red or orange-brown colour 姜黄色的，赤黄色的
• His nickname was Ginger because of his ginger hair. 他的外号叫生姜，因为他的头发是姜黄色的。
• a ginger cat 姜黄色的猫
UK ['dʒɪn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] noun] ˈgɪŋ.ə] US [-ə˞]
PERSON 人
only singular
■UK offensivea person who has red or orange-brown hair 长着姜黄色头发的人
• [as form of address] Hey, ginger, what are you doing? 哎，黄毛，你在做甚么？
UK ['dʒɪn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] noun] ˈgɪŋ.ə] US [-ə˞]
DRINK 饮品 UK ['dʒɪn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] countable or uncountable UK
■ ginger ale
• rum and ginger 姜味兰姆酒
UK ['dʒɪn.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ginger sth up
■to make something more exciting, interesting or active 使兴奋；使有趣味；使活跃
• They've gingered up the book cover with a new design, but the contents are the same. 他们为这书重新设计了一个很有吸引力的封面，但是书中的内容保持原样。
n. [园艺] 姜；姜黄色；精力；有姜味
 - energy, steam, vigor

Word: concentrated
Front: concentrated
[ˈkɒnsntreɪtɪd] (六 10098/8461 -2)
Vocabulary: concentrated
(once / 492 pages)
adj
Things that are concentrated have been gathered together in the smallest possible bunch. If you use a concentrated cleaning product, you might need to mix it with water before using it.
Concentrated often refers to a liquid solution that's very strong, but it can describe anything that's condensed into one area. When you finally clean your bedroom, you’ll have to pick up the clothes that are scattered everywhere so they’re concentrated in the closet. Concentrated can also mean that something is very focused. When your room looks great, it's because you really concentrated on the cleaning.
WORD FAMILY
concentrated: concentratedly+/ concentrate: concentrated, concentrates, concentrating, concentration, deconcentrate/ concentration: concentrations/deconcentrate: deconcentrated, deconcentrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
And while poverty creates burdens for all kinds of schools, when it occurs in densely concentrated neighborhoods, it’s harder to overcome, Funk said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The problem is exacerbated by how much power is concentrated in the presidency, relative to the legislature or to the judiciary.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Simultaneously, the Puget Sound Regional Council is updating plans for regional centers where growth will be concentrated through 2040.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 集中的; 全神贯注的; 浓缩的; 汰选出来的
v. 集中(concentrate的过去分词); 聚集，集结; 凝缩，浓缩; [矿]汰选
分布：浓缩的(54%)，全神贯注的(34%)，密集的(7%)，动词concentrate的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
US ['kɑ:n.sən.treɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
GIVING ATTENTION 专心致志的
[before noun]
■using a lot of effort to succeed at one particular thing 专心致志的；全神贯注的；全力以赴的
• The company is making a concentrated effort to broaden its market. 公司正全力以赴开拓市场。
UK ['kɒn.sən.treɪ.tɪd] US ['kɑ:n.sən.treɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
WATER REMOVED 除去水分的
■having had some liquid removed 浓缩的
• concentrated orange juice 浓缩柳橙汁
adj. 集中的；浓缩的；全神贯注的
 - intensive, centralized, mass
v. 集中（concentrate的过去分词）
 - gathered, centralized

Word: sanitation
Front: sanitation
[ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn] (托 10135/15674 -1)
Vocabulary: sanitation
(once / 3754 pages)
n
Sanitation has to do with making things clean, especially by sterilizing.
Have you ever used hand sanitizer to make sure your hands are germ-free? Then you should have an idea what sanitation is: making something clean (sanitary). Sanitation workers pick up your garbage, keeping your neighborhood clean. Sanitation is important in restaurants and also for surgical instruments. You wouldn't want a surgeon to touch you with an instrument that hadn't gone through sanitation, because it would probably have germs.
WORD FAMILY
sanitate: sanitated, sanitates, sanitating, sanitation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dozens of 20-ton sanitation trucks weighted with an extra 15 tons of sand will block off streets leading to the celebration zone.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The sanitation trucks are meant to prevent terrorist attacks like those in Berlin this month and Nice, France, over the summer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Sanitation Department says that what he does is legal.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卫生系统或设备
分布：卫生设备(52%)，公共卫生(40%)，下水道设施(8%)
→来自拉丁语 sanus,健康的，词源同 sane,健康的。-ation,名词后缀。引申词义卫生设备。
卫生(设备)(sanit+ation)[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
【记】读：撒你tation－撒你一身的尿－需要采取卫生措施
noun uncountable
■the systems for taking dirty water and other waste products away from buildings in order to protect people's health 下水道设施，卫生设备
• Many illnesses in these temporary refugee camps are the result of inadequate sanitation. 这些临时难民营中许多疾病都源于排污设施不完善。
sanitation, sanction
sanitation: n.公共卫生，环境卫生，卫生设备。
 • Strict sanitation is used in businesses such as barber shops and restaurants.   在理发店和餐馆等营业场所执行严格的公共卫生制度。
sanction: n.认可，准许，批准。
 • I need my parents' sanction to stay out late.   我晚回家需要得到父母的批准。
n. [医] 环境卫生；卫生设备；下水道设施
 - hygiene of environment, environmental health

Word: biker
Front: biker
[ˈbaɪkə(r)] (10120/16580 -1)
Back: n. 骑自行车的人; 骑摩托车的人
分布：骑自行车的人(80%)，骑摩托的人(20%)
US [-kɚ] UK and US (Australian bikie)
noun countable
■a member of a gang (= group) of people riding motorcycles 摩托车帮的成员
• We were overtaken by a crowd of bikers doing over 90 mph. 我们被一群摩托车车手超车，他们的车速都在每小时90英里以上。
n. 骑摩托车的人；骑自行车的人
 - motorcyclist, bikie

Word: squadron
Front: squadron
[ˈskwɒdrən] (10116/4437 -1)
Vocabulary: squadron
(once / 396 pages)
n
In the military, a squadron is a small unit sent out from the main group to do some particular task. In the air force, for example, a squadron might fly out on a surveillance mission.
This word comes from the military, but the meaning varies depending on the branch. In the army, a squadron is a cavalry (horses) unit that has at least two troops, which are smaller collections of soldiers. The squadron also includes a headquarters and support. In the air force, a squadron has at least two flights, which are the equivalent of troops. An air force squadron is smaller than a group and bigger than a flight in the basic chain of command.
WORD FAMILY
squadron: squadrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
These recruits were intended to cycle through military-contracting companies and newly formed units called “science squadrons,” established on military bases around the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
These recruits were intended to cycle through military contracting companies and newly formed units called “science squadrons,” established on military bases around the country.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Gen. Mark Wise said in a statement the decision was based on issues concerning the squadron’s command climate.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 中队; 骑兵中队; 飞行中队; 有组织的一个群体
vt. 把…编成中队
分布：骑兵中队(51%)，一群(28%)，装甲连(21%)
→来自意大利语 squadrone,大队，中队，来自 squadra,营，队伍，词源同 square,方阵，-one,大 词后缀。
US ['skwɑ:.drən] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a unit of one of the armed forces, especially (in Britain) the air force or the navy （尤指英国空军或海军的）中队
n. 空军中队；一群；骑兵中队；分遣队；小舰队
 - pack, cohort

Word: rosy
Front: rosy
[ˈrəʊzi] (宝 10106/11162 -1)
Vocabulary: rosy
(once / 449 pages)
adj
Use the adjective rosy to describe something that's healthy and pink, like a child's rosy cheeks or a rosy lipstick.
A flushed face is rosy — it's the glowing pink color of a natural blush, and it implies good health. From this meaning comes the secondary one, "optimistic or lucky." If the future looks rosy to you, it appears that great things are going to happen, and if someone has a rosy nature, they're cheerful. Rosy is from rose and its Latin root, rosa.
WORD FAMILY
rosy: rosier, rosiest, rosily, rosiness, rosy-colored+/rose: rose-colored, rosely, roses, rosy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Damrau dispatched the aria with rosy sound, agile coloratura and girlish glee.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The next option is the rosy, rightwing panacea for all things of late: annexation of the West Bank, what the right calls Judea and Samaria.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Rosy depictions of the U.S. in that film and others fuel the American dreams of the growing Chinese middle class.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 玫瑰色的; 愉快的，乐观的; 一切都称心如意; 〈美〉滥醉的
级别：rosier, rosiest
分布：玫瑰色的(60%)，美好的(40%)
→来自 rose,玫瑰。
【记】源于：rose玫瑰
US ['roʊ-] adjective
■having a colour between pink and red 红润的
• approving Your rosy cheeks always make you look so healthy. 你脸色红润，看上去总是那么健康。
■If a situation is described as rosy, it gives hope of success or happiness 光明的；有希望的；美好的
• Our financial position is rosy. 我们的经济状况良好。
adj. 蔷薇色的，玫瑰红色的；美好的；乐观的；涨红脸的
 - nice, optimistic

Word: repetitive
Front: repetitive
[rɪˈpetətɪv] (托 10127/8619 -1)
Vocabulary: repetitive
(once / 11611 pages)
adj
Something that is repetitive involves doing the same thing over and over again. If you get bored running on a treadmill daily, you might try something less repetitive, like playing soccer outdoors.
Anything you do repeatedly, especially when it's boring, can be described using the adjective repetitive. Jobs like loading and unloading a dishwasher, filing papers, and cleaning a bathroom can all feel repetitive when you have to do them regularly. A story your dad tells every time you have guests for dinner is repetitive, and a droning song that repeats the same chorus again and again is repetitive too.
WORD FAMILY
repetitive: nonrepetitive, repetitively, repetitiveness+/ repeat: repeatable, repeated, repeater, repeating, repeats, repetition, repetitive /repeatable: unrepeatable/ repeated: repeatedly /repeater: repeaters/repeating: repeatings/ repetition: repetitions, repetitious / repetitious: repetitiously, repetitiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when the text seems repetitive, there’s value in such incremental updates.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The medical examiner said that the infant suffered “vigorous and repetitive shaking” and ruled the death a homicide.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The airline also will retain an expert on repetitive stress injuries to evaluate injury risks.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 重复的，啰嗦的; 复唱的
分布：重复的(82%)，反复的(18%)
US [-'petˌ.ə.tˌɪv] (also repetitious)
adjective
■involving doing or saying the same thing several times, especially in a way that is boring （尤指以乏味的方式）重复的，反复的
• a repetitive job/task 重复单调的工作／任务
adj. 重复的
 - reduplicative, pleonastic

Word: coupon
Front: coupon
[ˈku:pɒn] (研雅 10119/6650 -2)
Vocabulary: coupon
(once / 3975 pages)
1n 2n
A coupon is a certificate or a voucher that lets you buy something at a discounted price. When you hand the cashier your coupon, he will subtract some amount from your total bill.
You can cut coupons out of a newspaper, get them in the mail, or find them online. A restaurant coupon might offer a free beverage when you buy dinner, and a grocery store coupon could give you a five dollar savings on your dog's favorite kind of kibble. The original coupons were used by Coca Cola in the late 1800s — they were vouchers for a free Coke, and they're credited with spreading the soft drink's popularity across the United States.
WORD FAMILY
coupon: coupons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So for us to be reliant on a coupon and to be at the wrong price, it’s just the wrong thought process.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
With a coupon of 2%, investors were being asked to pay more up front than the total value of future coupon payments and the principal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
This shows that the Frank family got at least some of their food coupons clandestinely from these salesmen.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 优惠券; 息票，通票; 试样，试件; 配给券
分布：息票(76%)，礼券(14%)，票券(5%)，参赛表(5%)
→来自coup, 砍，击，成半，因这种券通常由券和存根两部分给成。
n.证明持券人有某种权利的卡片,票证,赠券I've kept the special coupon from the box of washing powder.我留下了洗衣粉盒子上的优惠券.
US [-pɑ:n] noun countable
■a piece of paper which can be used to get something without paying for it or at a reduced price 礼券；赠券；优惠券
• If you collect ten coupons from the newspaper, you can get a free beach towel. 从报纸上收集十张礼券你就可以免费得到一条沙滩浴巾。
■a piece of paper, especially a part of an advertisement in a newspaper or magazine, which a reader can send to an organization in order to get information about its products or services （尤指报纸杂志上作为广告一部分的）资料索取券，索取样品单，查询单
• To find out more about our products, fill in the coupon and send it to us at the address given below. 如果想更多了解我们的产品，请填写本资料索取单，并按以下位址寄给我们。
n. [金融] 息票； [贸易] 赠券；联票； [经] 配给券
 - Oakley, annie oakley

Word: robotic
Front: robotic
[rəʊˈbɒtɪk] (10115/22535)
Back: adj. 机器人的; 自动的; 像机器人似的; 呆板的
分布：机器人的(90%)，像机器人的(10%)
US [roʊ'bɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■relating to or like a robot 机器人的；机器人似的
■describes a type of dancing in which you make short sudden movements with your arms and legs like the actions of a robot 机器人舞的（描述一种舞蹈，跳舞者用臂和腿作短促突然的运动，像机器人的动作）
adj. 机器人的，像机器人的；自动的
 - automotive, self-acting

Word: unpaid
Front: unpaid
[ˌʌnˈpeɪd] (六 10099/7716 -1)
Back: adj. 未付的; （债等）未还、未缴纳的; 不支付薪水服务的
分布：没有报酬的(55%)，未付款的(45%)
adjective
■describes a debt, tax, etc. that has not been paid （债务、税等）未支付的，未偿付的
• $50 000 in unpaid taxes 五万美元的未付税款
■describes work that you do without getting any money for it 无偿的，免费的，没有报酬的
• unpaid work/employment 没有报酬的工作／职业
adj. [会计] 未付款的； [税收] 未缴纳的；无报酬的
 - unremunerative, uncompensated

Word: shredded
Front: shredded
[ʃredid] (10108/19651)
Back: shred的过去式和过去分词
分布：撕成碎片(46%)，细片(18%)，少许(18%)，碎布条(18%)
VERB
切碎;撕碎
If you shred something such as food or paper, you cut it or tear it into very small, narrow pieces.
例：They may be shredding documents...他们可能是在粉碎文件。
例：Finely shred the carrots, cabbage and cored apples.将胡萝卜、卷心菜切成细丝并给苹果去核。
N-COUNT
(撕或切成的)细条，碎片
If you cut or tear food or paper into shreds, you cut or tear it into small, narrow pieces.
例：Cut the cabbage into fine long shreds.将卷心菜切成又细又长的丝。
N-COUNT
极少量;些许;一丁点儿
If there is not a shred of something, there is not even a small amount of it.
例：He said there was not a shred of evidence to support such remarks...他说没有丝毫证据证明这样的说法。
例：There is not a shred of truth in the story...这则报道中没有一句实话。
PHRASE
把…批得体无完肤
If you tear someone to shreds or rip them to shreds, you criticize them very thoroughly and severely.
adj. 切碎的
 - minced

Word: passionately
Front: passionately
['pæʃənətlɪ] (10112/9790)
Back: adv. 热情地，激昂地
分布：激昂地(75%)，热烈地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
热情的；狂热的
A passionate person has very strong feelings about something or a strong belief in something.
例：...his passionate commitment to peace...他热情满怀地献身于和平事业
例：I'm a passionate believer in public art...我是公共艺术的狂热信徒。
ADJ-GRADED
热恋的；情欲强烈的
A passionate person has strong romantic or sexual feelings and expresses them in their behaviour.
例：...a beautiful, passionate woman of twenty-six.美丽而炽烈的26岁女子
例：...the story of a passionate love affair...热恋故事
adv. 热情地；强烈地；激昂地
 - warmly, intensely

Word: gasp
Front: gasp
[gɑ:sp] (研四六托雅 5660/5196 -2)
Vocabulary: gasp
(once / 222 pages)
nv
A gasp is the sound made by a sharp inward breath. After running up a steep hill, your breath will come in gasps.
When you make the sound of a gasp, you gasp: "It was so surprising to see my lost cat sitting calmly on the front porch that it made me gasp." People tend to gasp when they're shocked or hurt. A "last gasp" is the moment just before someone dies — it can also mean the point of completing or ending something: "It was the last gasp of video stores in my city when that one closed."
WORD FAMILY
gasp: gasped, gasping, gasps
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, nearly a century later, one of the most star-crossed infrastructure projects in the United States opened to gasps of disbelief.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police say he was gasping for air and bleeding from the chest when officers arrived.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When I remind her of that lie about living in Brooklyn, she gasps.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 喘气，喘息; 倒抽气; 渴望
vt. 喘着气说出
n. 喘气，喘息
时态：gasped, gasping, gasps
分布：喘气(47%)，喘息(36%)，渴望(17%)
→来自gape,目瞪口呆，喘气。
n.喘息,气喘v.喘息;气吁吁地说The wagging wasp grasps the crisp clasp for a gasp.摇摆的黄蜂抓住脆钩喘息.
US [gæsp] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to take a short quick breath through the mouth, especially because of surprise, pain or shock （尤指由于惊奇、痛苦或震惊而）喘息，喘气，倒抽气
• When she saw the money hidden in the box she gasped in surprise. 她看到藏在盒子里的钱时，惊得倒吸了一口气。
• [+ speech] "Help me!" he gasped. “帮帮我！”他上气不接下气地喊道。
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] verb intransitive
be gasping UK informal
■to be very thirsty 渴得嗓子冒烟
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] verb intransitive
be gasping for sth UK informal
■to want or need something very much 渴望，切望；很想要
• I'm absolutely gasping for a cigarette. 我真想抽支烟。
UK [gɑ:sp] US [gæsp] noun countable
■when you gasp 喘息，喘气，倒抽气
• He gave a gasp of amazement. 他惊讶得倒吸了一口气。
vi. 喘气；喘息；渴望
 - blow, rare
vt. 气喘吁吁地说；喘着气说话
 - puff out
n. 喘气
 - broken wind, pursiness

Word: baker
Front: baker
[ˈbeɪkə(r)] (10129/3587 -1)
Vocabulary: baker
(once / 325 pages)
n
If you're a baker, it's your job to bake bread, cake, or other baked goods. A baker usually works in a bakery.
Professional bakers make pastries, hearty loaves of bread, or cupcakes, depending on their specialty. If you're an amateur baker, you may bake cinnamon rolls or macaroons at home in your spare time. "A baker's dozen" is a common phrase meaning 13 of something — in other words, a dozen plus one extra — from the old baker's practice of adding an additional loaf to an order, which became the retail seller's only profit.
WORD FAMILY
baker: bakers+/ bake: baked, baker, bakery, bakes, baking/ bakery: bakeries/baking: bakings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many were in the same situation as Baker, who will become an unrestricted free agent March 7 at noon.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“After the first time, I couldn’t remember the season or the year,” Baker said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Denhardt claimed that when he walked to the Baker house, Taylor disappeared and then moments later, he heard two gunshots.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 面包师; 烤炉; 贝克（姓氏）
分布：面包师(95%)，烤炉(5%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person whose job is to make bread and cakes for sale, or to sell bread and cakes 面包师傅；糕点师傅；面包店店员（或店主）
 ADVANCED (UK also baker's)
■a shop where bread and cakes are sold and sometimes made 面包店
n. [食品] 面包师；面包工人；（便携式）烘炉
 - doughhead

Word: footnote
Front: footnote
[ˈfʊtnəʊt] (托 10131/10295 -1)
Vocabulary: footnote
(once / 91 pages)
nv
A footnote is a short bit of extra information that's printed at the bottom of a book's page. Some footnotes cite the authors and titles of the sources the author consulted while researching and writing.
The presence of footnotes usually means you're reading an academic or scholarly work of nonfiction. Your history paper might include footnotes on each page, noting the books, journals, and websites you used for your research. Some contemporary novels have footnotes as well, a complex and playful way for the author to insert extra notes and details. The foot of a page is the bottom, which explains the word footnote.
WORD FAMILY
footnote: footnoted, footnotes, footnoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fernyhough does not spend much time on these criticisms, though in a footnote he does concede the scant evidentiary basis of the movement’s claims.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The fiscal cliff will prove a historical footnote.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A month after its release, it became a footnote to a sad story when its star, Anton Yelchin, was killed in a bizarre car accident.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 脚注; 补充说明
vt. 给…作脚注
时态：footnoted, footnoting, footnotes
分布：脚注(89%)，补充说明(9%)，给 ... 作脚注(2%)
US [-noʊt] noun
countable
■a note printed at the bottom of a page which gives extra information about something that has been written on that page 注脚
countable usually singular
■an event, subject or detail which is not important 无足轻重的事件（或问题、细节）
• His tumultuous triumph 5 years ago now seems a mere footnote in history. 他五年前名噪一时的大胜现在看来仿佛只是历史上一个无关痛痒的小插曲。
n. 脚注；补充说明
 - additional remarks

Word: brown
Front: brown
[braʊn] (中高托 1769/2018 -K5)
Back: adj. 棕色的; 褐色的; 被晒黑的; 未去壳的
n. 褐色; 棕色
v. 变成棕色; 成褐色; 晒黑; 烤得焦黄
时态：browned, browning, browns
分布：棕色(44%)，褐色(25%)，棕色的(19%)，褐色的(12%)
→来自PIE *bher, 照耀，发光。词源同bear, 熊。其明亮义见burnish, 擦亮的。
n./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
adjective noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■(of) the colour of chocolate or soil 棕色（的），褐色（的）
• dark/light brown 深褐色／浅褐色
• Both my parents have curly brown hair. 我的父母都有一头棕色的鬈发。
[braʊn] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make food brown by cooking it （把食物）炒成褐色
• Lightly brown the onion before adding the tomatoes. 加番茄之前先把洋葱炒至略呈褐色。
• Allow the meat to brown before adding the vegetables. 把肉炒成褐色再加蔬菜。
adj. 棕色的，褐色的；太阳晒黑的
 - umber
n. 褐色，棕色
 - suntan

Word: clam
Front: clam
[klæm] (托宝 10109/22938 -1)
Vocabulary: clam
(once / 2172 pages)
1nv 2n
A clam is a marine animal with two shells that eats by straining food from water, sand, or mud. You can sometimes find clams by digging in the sand close to the seashore.
The largest clams are used for food by humans, including the scallop, a particularly big form of clam. When you order soup in New England, it's not unlikely that it will be clam chowder, a creamy, thick stew with potatoes and pieces of clam. When clam is a verb, it means "to dig clams on the beach," and if your friend offers to pay you 1000 clams for your old car, she means "dollars."
WORD FAMILY
clam: clammed, clamming, clams
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pasquale Jones is also home to one of the best clam pies in town.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
State Fish and Wildlife say clam populations at four beaches in Jefferson, Clallam and Island counties will allow an extended opportunity.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The coastal razor clam seasons mantra remains a good and bad news situation.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 蚌，蛤; 〈美口〉沉默寡言的人; 钳子; 〈美俚〉银币
v. （在沙滩上）挖蛤; 〈美俚〉嘴紧; 奏出（唱出）错音
时态：clammed, clamming, clams
分布：蛤(82%)，沉默寡言的人(10%)，保持沉默(5%)，挖蚌(3%)
→词源同clamp,夹子，夹具。后用以指蛤蜊之类的双壳软体动物。
【记】读：可怜嘛。蛤蜊是种美食，很可怜，命中注定要被吃掉。Clam作为词根是：夹紧的意思－蛤蜊大海calm了，就可以采集clam
noun countable
■a type of sea creature with a shell in two parts that can close together tightly, and a soft body which can be eaten 蛤，蛤蜊，蚌
[klæm] verb (-mm-)
[klæm] verb (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  clam up (also shut up like a clam) informal
■to become silent suddenly, usually because you are embarrassed or nervous, or do not want to talk about a particular subject （通常指因为尴尬、紧张或不愿谈论某一话题而突然）沉默不语，闭口不言，拒不开口
• He just clams up if you ask him about his childhood. 要是你问起他的童年，他就干脆不说话了。
n. [无脊椎] 蛤；沉默寡言的人；钳子
 - tong, few words

Word: downstream
Front: downstream
[ˌdaʊnˈstri:m] (10107/11771 -1)
Back: adv. 在下游地; 顺流地
adj. 顺流而下的; 在下游方向的
分布：顺流的(67%)，朝下游方向(33%)
adverb adjective
■in the direction a river or stream is flowing 顺流（的），向下游（的）
• The current carried her downstream. 水流将她冲向下游。
Compare upstream
adj. [水文] 下游的；顺流的
 - lower

Word: breathtaking
Front: breathtaking
[ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ] (托 10110/11459 -1)
Back: adj. 非常激动人心的; 惊人的; 惊险的; 使人透不过气来的
分布：惊险的(48%)，令人赞叹的(22%)，壮观的(20%)，吃惊的(10%)
adjective
■extremely exciting, beautiful or surprising 极其刺激的；美得惊人的；惊人的
• The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking. 山顶的美景令人叹为观止。
• His performance is described in the paper as 'a breathtaking display of physical agility'. 他的表演被报纸誉为“人体灵活性的精彩展现”。
adj. 惊人的；惊险的；令人激动的
 - tremendous, incredible, spectacular, striking

Word: festive
Front: festive
[ˈfestɪv] (托宝 10117/10122 -1)
Vocabulary: festive
(once / 658 pages)
adj
Festive describes an event that’s full of joy, smiles, and excitement. A birthday party without presents, decorations, or friends would be the opposite of festive.
People having a great time — that’s a sure sign that the occasion is festive. An awesome party, New Year’s Eve, the last day of school, Fridays: happy times where the air feels electric, that’s festive. It can also describe your mood, like when you feel full of energy and ready to dance. Sharing the same Latin root (festivus) as the words festival and feast, festive events often involve good food and great people. And a piñata always helps.
WORD FAMILY
festive: festively, festivity +/ festivity: festivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the packed festive program, 12 teams who played on Friday or Saturday are back in action on Monday.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s one of the abiding seasonal traditions that a manager will play an unrecognisable team in the second festive fixture.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It further invited “all the children of American diplomats” to visit the Kremlin’s festive Christmas tree.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 节日的，过节似的; 喜庆的; 欢乐的
分布：节日的(56%)，欢乐的(22%)，喜庆的(22%)
节日的(fest+ive)[fest=feast,表示"节目"]
adjective
■having or producing happy and enjoyable feelings suitable for a festival or other special social occasion 节日的；喜庆的；欢乐的
• a festive mood/occasion 节日气氛／喜庆场合
• The hall looked very festive with its Christmas tree. 大厅里摆放着圣诞树，呈现出一片节日的气氛。
adj. 节日的；喜庆的；欢乐的
 - convivial

Word: grope
Front: grope
[grəʊp] (研六托雅宝 10123/12071 -1)
Vocabulary: grope
(once / 666 pages)
vn
When you grope for something, you try to get a grip on it. If you drop your flashlight in a dark cave, you might grope around for it. Beware of snakes!
If you're asked a question and you grope for an answer, you're at a loss for words. You can also grope another person, although I wouldn't recommend it: grope is usually used to describe touching that is unwanted (i.e. creepy behavior). If you do grope someone, don't bother groping for an explanation when you get slapped or arrested.
WORD FAMILY
grope: groped, gropes, groping+/groping: gropingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you see someone groping a lady, stand with her at that moment.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
If anything, reading that “Ru Paul claimed he was groped by Trump” seems a little bit tame compared to reality.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
A woman on the inquiry team alleged she was groped in a lift at its offices.
BBC(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 触摸，试探着前进; 探索，摸索
vt. 摸索（路）; <俚>抚摸身体
n. 摸索，探索
时态：groped, groping, gropes
分布：探索(100%)
→词源同grab, grip. 由抓住引申词义摸索，探索。
n./v.摸索,探索He groped for the door handle in the dark.他在黑暗中摸索着找门把手.
【记】g＝grasp（n /v 抓住；掌握），rope（n 绳子）－抓住绳子摸索前进
US [groʊp] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to feel with your hands, especially in order to find or move towards something when you cannot see easily 摸索；（尤指）摸寻，探寻，摸索着前进
• She groped for her glasses on the bedside table. 她在床头柜上摸索着找眼镜。
• I had to grope my way up the dark stairs. 我不得不在黑漆漆的楼道里摸索着上楼。
transitive informal
■to touch someone's body in order to get sexual pleasure, usually when the person does not want you to do this 摸（某人）；（通常指）猥亵
• He groped me as I was going to the bar. 我走向吧台时，他暗中摸了我一下。
UK [grəʊp] US [groʊp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  grope for sth
■to try to think of something, especially the right words, the correct answer, etc 搜肠刮肚地想，努力搜寻（尤指恰当的言辞、正确的答案）
• I'm groping for the right words here. 我正在绞尽脑汁寻找此处合适的措词。
UK [grəʊp] US [groʊp] noun countable informal
■a sexual touch, usually an unwanted and unpleasant one 猥亵；摸
vi. 摸索；探索
 - explore, feel about
vt. 摸索
 - feel about, fish for
n. 摸索；触摸
 - feel, floccillation

Word: folding
Front: folding
[ˈfəʊldɪŋ] (托 10138/15032 -K)
Back: adj. 可折叠的
v. 折叠，对折交叠( fold的现在分词 ); 包围; 包起; 笼罩
分布：可折叠的(92%)，动词fold的现在分词.(8%)
US ['foʊl-] adjective [before noun]
■describes a chair, bed, bicycle, etc. that can be folded into a smaller size to make it easier to store or carry （椅、床、自行车等）折叠式的，可折叠的
■describes a door made of several parts joined together which can be folded against each other when the door is opened （旦）折叠的
adj. 可折叠的
 - collapsable, accordion

Word: fluffy
Front: fluffy
[ˈflʌfi] (托宝 10139/14073 -1)
Vocabulary: fluffy
(once / 3474 pages)
adj
Things that are soft and airy look and feel fluffy. Down comforters, buttermilk pancakes, certain cats, and big snowflakes are all fluffy.
Many things that are fluffy give comfort, like the soft pillows on your bed. But sometimes fluffy is a put-down. News programs that tell you everything about celebrities and nothing about important events are fluffy. So are silly, pointless conversations — which, like favorite pillows, are sometimes exactly what you need.
WORD FAMILY
fluffy: fluffier, fluffiest, fluffily, fluffiness+/ fluff: fluffed, fluffing, fluffs, fluffy
USAGE EXAMPLES
You break off a piece of the meat, top it with a bit of the salty greens, and tuck it into a fluffy bun.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This year’s most overhyped trend is a wholesome Danish concept of cosiness, used to sell everything from fluffy socks to vegan shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The braised mushrooms on fluffy spoonbread, kind of a Southern corn soufflé, would pass muster at any Charleston dinner party.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 松软的，毛茸茸的; 轻柔的; 无聊的，琐碎的; 肤浅的
级别：fluffier, fluffiest
分布：蓬松的(70%)，毛绒绒的(23%)，空洞的(7%)
【记】fluff（n 软毛；绒毛；无价值的东西）读：腐烂费－由于购买的食物长毛了，要向商家所取腐烂费！
adjective
■soft and woolly or like fur 毛茸茸的；覆有绒毛的
• fluffy toys 毛绒玩具
■light and full of air 松软的；蓬松的
• Beat the eggs and sugar together until they are pale and fluffy. 搅打鸡蛋和糖直到其颜色变浅且松软为止。
adj. 蓬松的；松软的；毛茸茸的；无内容的
 - shaggy, towheaded

Word: vector
Front: vector
[ˈvektə(r)] (六 10136/5909)
Vocabulary: vector
(once / 18942 pages)
1n 2n
One definition of a vector is that of a carrier — it might be an insect like a mosquito that carries and transmits a bacterium or virus, or it might be some agent that carries genetically engineered DNA into a cell.
Considering that the Latin word vector comes from the word vehere, which means "to carry," it's not surprising that the current use of the word also "carries" the same meaning. In fact, in computers, a vector is a method used to propagate a computer virus. However, the word vector is also used in various scientific areas, including mathematics, where it indicates something possessing both size and direction; and aeronautics, where it indicates a projectile's course.
WORD FAMILY
vector: vectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
They destroy gardens and are vectors for disease.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Just before going silent the pilot made a final plea to land: “Vectors, señorita. Landing vectors.”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
He says the Kodiak complex is still working with Vector and that he’s confident a launch will happen at the facility later in 2017.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 矢量; 航向; [生]带菌者; [天]矢径
vt. 用无线电引导; 为…导航
分布：向量(56%)，矢量(42%)，带菌者(2%)
→来自拉丁语vehere,携带，词源同vehicle,way,-ct,过去分词后缀。用来指数学名词向量。
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
CALCULATION 计算
■something physical such as a force which has size and direction 向量；向量 Compare scalar
UK ['vek.tər] US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■an insect or animal which carries a disease from one animal or plant to another （在动物或植物之间传播疾病的）昆虫媒介，传病媒介
• Mosquitoes are the vectors of malaria. 蚊子是疟疾的传播媒介。
n. 矢量；带菌者；航线
 - carrier, lane

Word: sluggish
Front: sluggish
[ˈslʌgɪʃ] (托雅 10122/11196 -1)
Vocabulary: sluggish
(once / 1088 pages)
adj
When you are feeling draggy — positively slug-like — you are sluggish, or slow. If cookie sales are sluggish at your bake sale, you are selling very few treats.
Just about anything can be sluggish. An old computer that takes forever to load a piece of software is sluggish, as is a car that can't quite make it up a big hill. And who isn't sluggish in the morning before the first cup of coffee?! Picture a slug moving its heavy little body across a basketball court... Still going? Yes. It will take that slug forever to get to the foul line at the sluggish pace it's moving.
WORD FAMILY
sluggish: sluggishly, sluggishness+/ slug: sluggard, slugged, slugger, slugging, sluggish, slugs/ sluggard: sluggards/slugger: sluggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gold XAU= was sluggish, with the precious metal sliding about 0.1 percent to $1,150.82, after a flat start to the year on Monday.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Companies saw little reason to invest when U.S. economic growth was sluggish.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Pérez played off the right and he looked nervous and a little sluggish.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 行动迟缓的，反应慢的; 不机警的; 懒散的，不活泼的; 无精打采的
分布：缓慢的(56%)，萧条的(25%)，迟钝的(8%)，懒惰的(6%)，无精打采的(5%)
→slug,懒鬼，懒散，-ish,形容词后缀。
行动迟钝的(slug懒汉)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
【反】alacritous（adj 活泼敏捷的）
adjective
■moving or operating more slowly than usual and with less energy or power 行动缓慢的；迟缓的
• A heavy lunch makes me sluggish in the afternoon. 丰盛的午餐使我一下午都懒得动弹。
• Something is wrong with the car - the engine feels a bit sluggish. 这辆车出了问题——引擎运转不太顺畅。
• The housing market has been very sluggish these past few years. 过去这几年房地产市场一直很萧条。
adj. 萧条的；迟钝的；行动迟缓的；懒惰的
 - slow, depressed, lazy

Word: microbe
Front: microbe
[ˈmaɪkrəʊb] (托雅宝 10126/27969)
Vocabulary: microbe
(once / 3653 pages)
n
Microbe is a somewhat outdated way for scientists to talk about the tiny bugs that cause diseases. When you get the flu, you can blame a microbe.
In the nineteenth century, the idea that germs caused illness was brand new, and doctors referred to both germs and microbes interchangeably. The word microorganism is more scientifically precise, and in fact microbe is a shortened form of that long, Greek-rooted word. Mikro means "small," and in microbe it's combined with bios, or "life."
WORD FAMILY
microbe: microbes, microbial+/antimicrobial: antimicrobials/microbial: antimicrobial
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your airways are lined with hairlike cilia that consolidate microbes and mucus and help move it toward the exit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Until fairly recently our various microbes were thought of as freeloaders without any meaningful benefit to our functioning as healthy human beings.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Even astronauts on the International Space Station used it to sequence a mixture of microbes in soil.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 微生物，细菌
分布：微生物(85%)，细菌(15%)
→micro-,微小的，-be,生命，词源同biology,zoo.引申词义微生物。
微生物(micro+be=bi生命→小生命→微生物)[micro-表示"微,小"]
微生物(micro微小＋be=bi生命)[bio,bi=life,表示"生命,生物"]
【记】micro微小，be＝bio生命－微生物
US [-kroʊb] noun countable
■a very small living thing, especially one which causes disease, and which is too small to see without a microscope 微生物；（尤指致病的）细菌
bacteria, germ, virus, bug, microbe
这组词都有“致病的微生物”的意思，其区别是：
bacteria: (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
germ: 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
virus: 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
bug: 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe: 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
n. 细菌， [微] 微生物
 - bacterium, organism

Word: ramification
Front: ramification
[ˌræmɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (10121/13887 -1)
Vocabulary: ramification
(once / 4023 pages)
1n 2n
A ramification is an accidental consequence that complicates things. Remember that time you borrowed your father's car without asking? The ramification was that Dad missed an important meeting, his company went under, and he had to sell the car. Oops!
The ramifications are the broader effects that fan out into the world from one situation, or decision, that kicks it all off. Ramification also refers to something branching out, like limbs on a tree — which is what bad decisions tend to do. Ramification is like consequence, but usually unintended and bad. The word is often used in political discussions about laws or government decisions because they might be made locally but could affect people worldwide.
WORD FAMILY
ramification: ramifications+/ ramify: ramification, ramified, ramifies, ramifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not satisfied that there’s been an adequate discussion about the ramifications of such a change,” he said.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
In one interview, Mr. Assad even compared the ramifications of the battle for Aleppo to the birth of Christ and the revelation of the Quran.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Then, after they’re sworn into office, they balk when faced with the potential ramifications.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 衍生物，结果; 分叉，分支; 支流
分布：支流(48%)，结果(33%)，分叉(19%)
→来自 ramify,分支，分叉。引申词义后果，特指难以预料的结果。
分支,风流(ramify分支)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
noun countable usually plural
■the possible results of an action 可能的后果；衍生结果；派生影响
• Have you considered all the ramifications of your suggestion? 你考虑过你的建议可能带来的各种后果吗？
n. 衍生物； [植] 分枝，分叉；支流
 - branch, derivative

Word: notation
Front: notation
[nəʊˈteɪʃn] (六托雅 10133/8312)
Vocabulary: notation
(once / 4747 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun notation to describe a written note, like the comments an English teacher makes in the margins of a student's essay.
An editor might make notations on an article, and a conductor might add notations — written reminders to herself — to the edges of a musical score. Another kind of notation is a series of symbols that represent words, numbers, or music, for example. Chemical formulas are one type of notation, and musical notes are another. Notation comes from the Latin word notationem, which means "a marking or an explanation," from the root nota, "mark."
WORD FAMILY
notation: notations+/notate: notated, notates, notating, notation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opponents, though, say such transcript notations would be unfair.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
In one, curators discovered seemingly random lines and notations, which on closer inspection appeared to be a personal itinerary.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
The Knoxville News Sentinel’s online bulletin board had notations with photos for 10 people.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 记号，标记法
分布：表示法(50%)，记号(25%)，注释(13%)，记法(12%)
→来自note,记录。引申词义标记。
US [noʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a system of written symbols used especially in mathematics or to represent musical notes （尤指数学中或用于表示音符的）符号系统；数学符号；音乐符号
• musical/scientific notation 音乐／科学符号
• Did you write things out in standard notation? 你是全部用标准符号写下来的吗？
n. [计] [数] 符号；乐谱；注释；记号法
 - symbol, notes, sign, mark

Word: engaged
Front: engaged
[ɪnˈgeɪdʒd] (宝 10128/14043 -K2)
Vocabulary: engaged
(once / 84 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj
Engaged means fully occupied or having your full attention. An engaged reader really focuses on the words and maybe even jots down questions or comments in the pages' margins.
If you're busy or involved with something, you're engaged in it. A formal reply to an invitation to lunch might be, "I'm sorry, I'm otherwise engaged" — meaning you already have plans. Engaged often describes people who have committed to getting married. You can see this meaning in the word's origin, the French word engagier, meaning "to pledge."
WORD FAMILY
engaged: unengaged+/ disengage: disengaged, disengagement, disengages, disengaging/disengagement: disengagements/ engage: disengage, engaged, engagement, engages, engaging / engagement: engagements, non-engagement/ engaging: engagingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The results are there: Daesh is in retreat and the battle of Mosul is engaged.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
This outstanding ability is widely implemented during one of the most neurologically challenging actions people are engaged with on a daily basis: driving.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Gallup regularly asks people if they are “engaged” at work, meaning involved in, enthusiastic about and committed to their job.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. （指厕所等）有人用的; 已订婚的; （指电话）占线的; 忙碌的
v. 与某人订婚; 保证，约定; 从事( engage的过去式和过去分词); 吸引或引起（注意、兴趣等）
分布：忙碌的(50%)，使用中的(40%)，订婚了的(10%)
adjective
MARRIAGE 婚姻
 ADVANCED
■having formally agreed to marry 已订婚的
• Debbie and Chris have just got engaged. 黛比和克力斯刚刚订婚。
• She was engaged to some guy in the army. 她和一个当兵的订了婚。
• formal They're engaged to be married in June. 他们订了婚，将于六月完婚。
[ɪn'geɪdʒd] adjective
INVOLVED/BUSY 参与的／忙的
 ADVANCED [after verb]
■involved in something 卷入…的；从事…的
• They've been engaged in a legal battle with the council for several months. 数月来他们一直在与市政委员会进行法律斗争。
• She's part of a team of scientists who are engaged on/upon cancer research. 她是从事癌症研究的科学家小组成员。
[after verb] formal
■busy doing something 忙的
• I'd come to the meeting on Tuesday but I'm afraid I'm otherwise engaged (= doing something else). 我很想参加周二的会议，但是恐怕我另有公务，抽不开身。
[ɪn'geɪdʒd] adjective
IN USE 使用中
 ADVANCED
■If a telephone or public toilet is engaged, someone is already using it （电话）占线的，忙的；（公厕）有人使用的
• Every time I ring her, she/the phone/the number is engaged. 每次我给她打电话，她的电话都占线。
• UK I've been trying to call him all evening, but I keep getting the engaged tone / Australianengaged signal (US busy signal). 我整个晚上都在试着给他打电话，但每次听到的都是忙线。
• The sign on the toilet door said 'Engaged'. 厕所门上的显示牌显示“使用中”。
Compare vacant
adj. 使用中的，忙碌的
 - busy, occupied
v. 保证；约定；同…订婚（engage的过去分词）
 - assured, stipulated

Word: venerable
Vocabulary: venerable
(once / 480 pages)
adj
To be venerable is to be admired and respected because of your status or age. You become venerable by achieving great things or just by living long enough.
The adjective venerable means "admired" and "respected" — it should describe how you feel about old folks and bosses, for example. It describes the wise old man at the top of the mountain who tells you the meaning of life. As a noun, the Venerable refers to someone high up in a religion, usually Christian. In fact, Saint Bede, who is sometimes called the Father of English History, is often referred to as the Bede the Venerable.
WORD FAMILY
venerable: venerability, venerableness, venerablest, venerably+/venerability: venerabilities/ venerate: venerable, venerated, venerates, venerating, veneration, venerator/ veneration: venerations/venerator: venerators
USAGE EXAMPLES
USC will also reap the usual benefits from being at home during bowl week before playing at the venerable stadium 14 miles from campus.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This venerable champagne house was celebrating the discovery of several hundred old bottles forgotten in its cellars.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Even so, it’s a slap at one of North Korea’s most venerable cultural institutions.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: gust
Front: gust
[gʌst] (六托雅宝 10137/15153 -1)
Vocabulary: gust
(once / 829 pages)
n
A gust is a strong, short burst of air. If you're walking around on a brisk, cold day, hold on to your papers tightly — a gust of wind could sweep in and send your notes flying into the air.
You've probably seen the famous image of Marilyn Monroe standing on a sidewalk with her white dress blowing in the breeze from a subway grate — that might be the most famous gust of air in popular culture. Gust comes from the Old Norse word gustr, meaning "a cold blast of wind." Gust also can be used to describe other things that come on with a sudden burst, like a violent gust of rain or an unexpected gust of sadness.
WORD FAMILY
gust: gusts, gusty +/ gusty: gustier, gustiest, gustily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gust of 52 mph was reported at McComb, Mississippi, about 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The National Weather Service expects gusts of up to 45 mph.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Gusts up to 66 mph were recorded overnight in Redwood Falls in southwestern Minnesota, and 50 mph in Bloomington in the Twin Cities area.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 一阵狂风; 风味; 突发的一阵; （感情）迸发
vi. （风）猛刮
时态：gusted, gusting, gusts
分布：突然一阵(53%)，风味(28%)，猛吹(19%)
→来自gheu, 涌出，词源同foundry, geyser, gust. 用于指狂风。
【记】源于古希腊的食神加斯特Gust，他经常到人间品尝美味佳肴，所以gust原指美味和个人癖好两个意思，但是Gust脾气暴躁，如果尝不到美味佳肴就会勃然大怒兴风作浪，后引申为突然的强风。
noun countable
■a sudden strong wind 一阵狂风，一阵强风
• A sudden gust of wind blew his umbrella inside out. 一阵狂风把他的伞吹翻了。
• figurative She could hear gusts of laughter (= sudden, loud laughter) from within the room. 她可以听到屋内传出的阵阵大笑声。
[gʌst] verb intransitive
■to blow strongly 猛刮；劲吹
• Winds gusting to 50 mph brought down power cables. 时速达50英里的大风刮断了电缆。
n. 风味；一阵狂风；趣味
 - flavor, interest

Word: neutron
Front: neutron
[ˈnju:trɒn] (六托宝 10155/9392 -1)
Vocabulary: neutron
(once / 9002 pages)
n
The nucleus of an atom includes a proton, which has a positive charge, an electron, which has a negative charge, and neutron, which has no charge, or is "neutral." The hydrogen atom is the only atom without a neutron.
The basis for the word neutron is both "neutral" and the suffix "-on," which probably comes from the Greek ión, "to go." The word ion first appeared in English in 1834, and neutron appeared in 1921, to represent the neutral part of an atom. Don't let the "neutral" part fool you, though — a neutron bomb, while "smaller" than other nuclear weapons, is still capable of mass destruction, as it emits more radiation, causing a wider sweep of damage to life.
WORD FAMILY
neutron: antineutron, neutrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pulsars—spinning neutron stars—emit incredibly regular pulses of radio waves.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
The spacecraft studies chemical elements by counting the gamma-rays and neutrons reflecting off Ceres as cosmic rays bombard it.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
Light from a lonely neutron star 400 light-years away is polarized, just like light reflecting off a pond, a team of astronomers reports.
Science Magazine(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. [物]中子
分布：中子(100%)
→来自neutral,中性的，-on,物理名词后缀，来自eon.
中子(neutr中间的＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['nu:.trɑ:n] noun countable
■a part of an atom that has no electrical charge 中子 Compare electron ; proton

Word: purchasing
Front: purchasing
[ˈpɜ:tʃəsɪŋ] (10153/7214)
Vocabulary: purchasing
(once / 690 pages)
n
If you are responsible for buying all the candy for a school sale, you are responsible for purchasing the candy. To make the job easier, you might start a purchasing committee. Purchasing is buying.
The word purchasing sounds more official than buying, but it means the same thing — acquiring something by paying for it. In larger businesses, the purchasing department or just "purchasing" is an entire section of the company dedicated to doing the buying. If you lead this department, you might joke that your job is Top Shopper.
WORD FAMILY
purchasing: purchasings+/ purchase: purchasable, purchased, purchaser, purchases, purchasing, repurchase/ purchaser: purchasers/repurchase: repurchased, repurchases, repurchasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wealthy businessmen and officials were purchasing elaborate carvings as luxurious gifts or, in some cases, bribes.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I stopped purchasing Danish that I liked to eat with breakfast.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
But in his day job, he was a purchasing agent for Windows on the World.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 购买，采购
v. 购买( purchase的现在分词 ); 购买东西
分布：采购(57%)，购买(42%)，获得(1%)
VERB
买；购买；采购
When you purchase something, you buy it.
例：He purchased a ticket and went up on the top deck...他买了一张票，然后上到顶层甲板。
例：Most of those shares were purchased from brokers.大部分的股份是从经纪人手中购得的。
N-UNCOUNT
购买行为
The purchase of something is the act of buying it.
例：Some of the receipts had been for the purchase of cars.其中一些收据是购买汽车时开的。
N-COUNT
所购之物；购置物
A purchase is something that you buy.
例：She opened the tie box and looked at her purchase. It was silk, with maroon stripes.她打开领带盒，看着她买回的东西：一条带有褐红色条纹的丝制领带。
N-UNCOUNT
紧握；牢牢抓住
If you get a purchase on something, you manage to get a firm grip on it.
例：I got a purchase on the rope and pulled...我紧抓住绳子，用力去拉。
例：I couldn't get any purchase with the screwdriver on the damn screws.我用螺丝刀拧那些该死的螺丝钉时一点也使不上劲儿。
n. 采购（purchase的ing形式）；购买
 - procurement, buy

Word: seventeenth
Front: seventeenth
[ˌsevn'ti:nθ] (10125/5103 -4)
Back: n. 第十七; 月的第十七日; 十七分之一
adj. 第十七的; 十七分之一的
num. 第十七
分布：第十七的(100%)
/'---] ordinal number
■17th written as a word 第十七（的）
[ˌsev.ən'ti:ntθ] /'---] noun countable
■one of seventeen equal parts of something 十七分之一

Word: pathology
Front: pathology
[pəˈθɒlədʒi] (宝 10141/12358 -1)
Vocabulary: pathology
(once / 1717 pages)
n
Pathology is the medical term for the way a disease works. A tumor is removed by a doctor trained in surgery, but you need a doctor trained in pathology to tell you if the tumor is cancer.
Pathology derives from the Greek pathos "suffering" and ology "study of"––to give us "the study of disease," but often pathology means the disease's behavior––the cancer pathology is to take over healthy cells and grow cancerous tumors. We also use pathology to describe abnormal conditions that aren’t really diseases, like the pathology of Hollywood stars who live their lives in public and become obsessed with fitness.
WORD FAMILY
pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist +/ pathological: pathologically/ pathologist: pathologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chillicothe was once protected from urban pathologies by its very remoteness.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A variety of hereditary, environmental and lifestyle factors are thought to influence IBD pathology.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A doctor in London offered a screening for $32,000 that included an M.R.I. and a pathology analysis to determine the next steps.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 病理（学）; 〈比喻〉异常状态
分布：病理学(100%)
→patho-,疾病的，-logy,学说。即病理学。
病理学(path+o+logy学科→病的学科→病理学)[path=feeling,suffering,illness,表示"感情,痛苦,病"]
【记】path不好的感觉，ology学科－病理学
【参】pathetic（adj 可怜的；悲惨的）；pathos（n 痛苦；感伤）
【反】normal（adj 正常的）－pathological（adj 病理的；病态的）
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of disease 病理学

Word: serene
Front: serene
[səˈri:n] (托宝 10132/14638 -1)
Vocabulary: serene
(once / 449 pages)
adj
Choose the adjective serene to describe someone who is calm and untroubled. If you tell someone horrible news and they remain serene, you might wonder if they heard you!
Related to the Latin word serenus "peaceful, calm, clear," serene was originally used in English, as in Latin, to describe calm weather. By the mid 1600s, however, it was used figuratively to describe a calm, untroubled person as well. Though people show their emotions pretty openly today, Victorian novels are full of characters who remain serene no matter how terrible the news.
WORD FAMILY
serene: serenely, serener, serenest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In front of the Barça fans it seemed quite serene and peaceful as they fitted together like a perfect puzzle.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But our lovely fourth-floor “Cosy” room — the middle price class — was serene with two tall windows overlooking the peaceful canal.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Their whiskery, puppy-like faces and lolling, seemingly serene behavior often delights onlookers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉静的，宁静的，安宁的; 安详的; 晴朗的; 清澈的
分布：宁静的(39%)，平静的(36%)，安详的(19%)，尊贵的(6%)
→来自拉丁语 serenus,平静的，平和的，安详的。 serenity 宁静，安详
adjective
■peaceful and calm; worried by nothing 平静的；安详的
• She has a lovely serene face. 她长着一张可爱而安详的脸。
noiseless, silent, calm, peaceful, serene, still, quiet
这组词都有“平静的，无声无息”的意思，其区别是：
noiseless: 指无任何噪音或不出声，无声无息。
silent: 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。
calm: 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。
peaceful: 普通用词，指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在宁静或和平状态。
serene: 指一种超脱一切烦恼的宁静状态。
still: 指平静而又安定的状态。
quiet: 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
adj. 平静的；安详的；清澈的；晴朗的
 - peaceful, pacific, calm, liquid, clear
n. 平静；晴朗
 - peace, equilibrium
vt. 使平静
 - calm, compose

Word: incompatible
Front: incompatible
[ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbl] (六托宝 10142/7784 -1)
Vocabulary: incompatible
(once / 1433 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective incompatible to describe things or people that are too different to get along. When paired with someone you can't work with, don't criticize or get mad. Just say, "We are incompatible."
Put together the prefix in- and the suffix -ible and what do you get? "Not able." The center of incompatible comes from Latin, compati, or "suffer with." So think of incompatible as a way to describe something you simply are not able to suffer — there's too much conflict. Things can be incompatible just like people. Just try hooking up an incompatible piece of hardware to your computer — it won't work because it was designed for a different system.
WORD FAMILY
incompatible: incompatibility, incompatibly+/ compatibility: compatibilities/ compatible: compatibility, compatibly, incompatible / incompatibility: incompatibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Okay, so here’s my question: When did civility become incompatible with protest?
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
These are incompatible with perpetual occupation of the West Bank and the denial of basic rights to those who live there.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Career and motherhood should not, surely, be incompatible in the 21st Century.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不相容; 矛盾，不能同时成立的; （与某物）不匹配; [医]配伍禁忌的
分布：不相容的(75%)，矛盾的(20%)，不能并存的(5%)
→in-,不，非，compatible,兼容的。
【记】compatible（adj 谐调的；兼容的）com共同，pati拍地－协调地
US [-'pætˌ.ə-] adjective
■not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences 不相容的；不相容的；不能和谐相处的
• When we started living together we realized how incompatible we were - our interests were so different. 开始共同生活后，我们发现彼此是多么合不来——我们的兴趣差别太大了。
• Maintaining quality is incompatible with increasing output. 保持品质和增加产量是互相对立的。
• Any new video system that is incompatible with existing ones has little chance of success. 任何与现有系统不相容的新视讯系统都难以成功。
paradoxical, incompatible
paradoxical: 似乎矛盾的，似是而非的
incompatible: 不兼容的，不协调的
adj. [数] 不相容的；矛盾的；不能同时成立的
 - antipathic, contradictory

Word: Hungarian
Front: Hungarian
[hʌŋ'ɡeərɪən] (10134/6248)
Back: n. 匈牙利人；匈牙利语
adj. 匈牙利的；匈牙利语的
分布：匈牙利的(39%)，匈牙利语(21%)，匈牙利人(21%)，匈牙利语的(12%)，匈牙利人的(7%)
US [-'ger.i-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Hungary 来自匈牙利的；匈牙利的
• Hungarian goulash 匈牙利红烩肉
UK [hʌŋ'geə.ri.ən] US [-'ger.i-] noun
countable
■a person from Hungary 匈牙利人
uncountable
■the language of Hungary 匈牙利语
UK [hʌŋ'geə.ri.ən] US [-'ger.i-] noun countable adjective
■Hungarian 匈牙利人／匈牙利的

Word: minced
Front: minced
[mɪnst] (10156/25731)
Back: v. 切碎( mince的过去式和过去分词 ); 剁碎; 绞碎; 用绞肉机绞（食物，尤指肉）
分布：肉馅(45%)，切碎(29%)，切碎物(12%)，小步走路(7%)，粉碎(7%)
adjective (US usually ground)
■(especially of meat) having been cut up into very small pieces （尤指肉）切碎的，剁细的
• minced beef/lamb/onions 牛肉／羊肉／洋葱末
adj. 切碎的；切成末的
 - shredded

Word: vain
Front: vain
[veɪn] (高研四六雅宝 10144/9731 -2)
Vocabulary: vain
(once / 60 pages)
adj
If you spend all day admiring yourself in reflective surfaces — mirrors, pools of water, the backs of spoons — people may think you are conceited or vain.
If, to your horror, you have searched everywhere for a reflective surface but can't find one, you have made a fruitless or vain search for a mirror. Vain is from Latin vanus "empty," and in English it originally meant "lacking value or effect, futile"; we still say "a vain attempt" using that sense, and the phrase "in vain" means "without success." Normally, though, vain means "conceited, too proud of oneself." Carly Simon's line "You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you" is an excellent illustration of this use.
WORD FAMILY
vain: vainer, vainest, vainly, vanity +/ vanity: vanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Luckily, all those terrible holidays weren’t in vain, at least some saw the lighter side:
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For decades, she tried in vain to enlist others in her preservation efforts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There his friends waited anxiously and in vain for him to return.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 徒劳的; 自负的; 无结果的; 无用的
级别：vainer, vainest
分布：徒劳的(49%)，虚荣的(28%)，自负的(18%)，无效的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vanus,空的，虚无的，来自wa-no,分开的，遗弃的，词源同vacate,want,wane.
a.徒劳的,徒然的;自负的,爱虚荣的The gained grain drained away with the rain, all the pains were in vain again.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费.
【记】va＝vac空，in：徒劳的
【参】vainglorious（adj 虚荣的）；vanity（n 空虚）
adjective
NOT SUCCESSFUL 不成功的
■unsuccessful or useless; of no value 徒劳的；枉然的；无用的
• The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover. 医生们给他服用了更多强效药，希望他能康复过来，却是徒然。
• formal It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed. 他没办法欺骗自己说不觉得失望。
in vain
■unsuccessfully or uselessly 徒劳地；枉然地；无用地
• I tried in vain to start a conversation. 我极力想挑起话头，但没有成功。
• All the police's efforts to find him were in vain. 警方竭力想要找到他，但所有努力终是徒劳。
[veɪn] adjective
SELFISH 自私的
■too interested in your own appearance or achievements 虚荣的；自负的
• He was very vain about his hair and his clothes. 他很虚荣，在发型和衣着方面非常讲究。
haughty, arrogant, vain, proud
这组词都有“骄傲的，傲慢的”的意思，其区别是：
haughty: 较正式用词，多用于贬义。指对身份或地位比自己低的人采取冷淡、轻视或鄙互的态度。
arrogant: 用于贬义，指过高估计自己，以致骄傲自大或傲慢无礼，目中无人。
vain: 指一个对自己的外表或对自己留给别的印象太过分地关注，以致自命不凡，自鸣得意。
proud: 含义广，普通用词。褒义指自豪和荣耀以及强烈的自尊；贬义则指傲慢，自以为是或自鸣得意。
adj. 徒劳的；虚荣的；空虚的
 - empty, blank

Word: suffering
Front: suffering
[ˈsʌfərɪŋ] (高 3933/4466 -K2)
Vocabulary: suffering
(once / 86 pages)
nadj
Suffering is the kind of pain you feel when you shatter your ankle and it's what you'll see all around you if you find yourself in the middle of a tornado or an earthquake.
When you're suffering, you're not happy — in fact, you're quite miserable. The Latin roots that give us suffering and related words paint a vivid picture of what suffering feels like. The word comes from sub-, meaning "below," and ferre, "bear." Suffering is something pressing you down that you have to submit to and bear. It's definitely the opposite of fun.
WORD FAMILY
suffering: sufferingly, sufferings+/ insufferable: insufferably/ suffer: sufferable, sufferance, suffered, sufferer, suffering, suffers/sufferable: insufferable, sufferably, unsufferable/ sufferance: sufferances/sufferer: sufferers/unsufferable: unsufferably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Phoenix Fire Department says the girl is in stable condition after suffering burns to her hands, feet and other parts of her body.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Kubiak missed a week of work in October after suffering a complex migraine, his second health scare in three years.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A car leaving the scene crashed nearby and police found the driver suffering from a gunshot wound and a female passenger dead from the crash.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 受苦，遭难; 苦楚，苦难; 令人痛苦的事
v. 受苦(suffer的现在分词); 蒙受
adj. 受苦的; 患病的
分布：痛苦(93%)，受难(7%)
→suffer,忍受，遭受，-ing,动名词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you experience physical or mental pain 疼痛；折磨；痛苦
• The war will cause widespread human suffering. 战争会给很多人带来苦难。
n. 受难；苦楚
 - martyrdom
adj. 受苦的；患病的
 - stricken, sickening

Word: fir
Front: fir
[fɜ:(r)] (托 10159/14768 -1)
Back: n. 冷杉; [植]枞木
abbr. food-irradiation reactor 食物辐射（杀菌）用反应堆; firkin 弗京
分布：冷杉(76%)，枞树(19%)，枞木(5%)
→来自perkwu, 橡树，词源同forest. 后用来指冷杉。
US ['fɝ:r] (^fir _tree)
noun countable
■a tall evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree that grows in cold countries and has leaves that are like needles 冷杉，枞
n. [木] 冷杉；枞木
 - firtree

Word: hearty
Front: hearty
[ˈhɑ:ti] (六 10166/14279 -1)
Vocabulary: hearty
(once / 157 pages)
1adj 2adj
Hearty describes abundant, full, and satisfying things, and lively, strong, and enthusiastic people. A bowl of thick chili with cheese and a glass of milk is hearty. A spoon of water with a grape? Not so hearty.
You can't miss the "heart" in hearty. Words like "wholehearted" and "half-hearted" also have "heart" and are a help in remembering the adjective hearty. If you put your whole heart into anything from walking a dog to saying good morning to your friends, you're hearty and full of life. Something half-hearted is weak and not hearty. A loud laugh that fills a room is very hearty; you can almost feel its fullness. If it comes from the heart and adds well-being and happiness, it's probably hearty.
WORD FAMILY
hearty: heartier, heartiest, heartily, heartiness, heartyly+/ heart: heartless, hearts, hearty / heartless: heartlessly, heartlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few minutes later, hunters quietly slurp down with plastic spoons the first course: warm, rich broth, tender pasta, hearty meat.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Thus this lasagna recipe, an exceedingly hearty dish that uses Bolognese sauce, bechamel sauce, two kinds of cheese — and chicken livers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
All were hearty, fatty and satisfying, although a little too salty.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 衷心的，热诚的; 健壮的，精神饱满的; 丰盛的; 猛烈的
n. 朋友们，伙伴们; （英国大学的）运动员
级别：heartier, heartiest
分布：丰盛的(54%)，衷心的(32%)，热烈的(12%)，亲切友好的(2%)
→heart,心，心脏，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:r.tˌi] adjective
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情的
■enthusiastic, energetic, and often loudly expressed 热情的；精力充沛的
• a hearty welcome 热情的欢迎
• a hearty laugh 开怀大笑
UK ['hɑ:.ti] US ['hɑ:r.tˌi] adjective
LARGE 大的
■large or (especially of food) in large amounts （尤指食物）大量的，丰盛的
• We ate a hearty breakfast before we set off. 我们出发前吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
• She's got a hearty appetite (= she eats a lot). 她的胃口很好。
■old-fashioned
■very great 强烈的
• She has a hearty dislike of any sort of office work. 她对任何一种办公室工作都极为反感。
adj. 衷心的；丰盛的；健壮的；精神饱满的
 - devout, stuggy
n. 朋友们；伙伴们
 - guys

Word: suppression
Front: suppression
[səˈpreʃn] (10147/8868)
Vocabulary: suppression
(once / 1195 pages)
n
Suppression is the act of keeping something from happening — like the suppression of your laughter when your best friend passes you a funny note in class.
In psychology, suppression is the act of stopping yourself from thinking or feeling something. It is generally presumed to be ineffective because even if you suppress or hold back an emotion, like anger, that feeling returns with a vengeance. Suppression can also mean the act of holding something else back, like the suppression of a book from publication because you don't like its message.
WORD FAMILY
suppression: suppressions+/ suppress: suppressed, suppresser, suppresses, suppressing, suppression, suppressive, suppressor/ suppressed: suppressedly, unsuppressed/suppresser: suppressers/suppressor: suppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
He showered a handful of businesses with favors such as tax benefits, cheap electricity, a buy-Korea policy and the suppression of organized labor.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We did the suppression, we closed with them and we pulled back,” Lance Cpl.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 压制; 镇压; 禁止; 抑制
分布：抑制(86%)，镇压(14%)
→suppress,镇压，压制，-ion,名词后缀。
镇压,平定(suppress+ion)[press=press表示"挤压"]
VERB
镇压;制止;压制
If someone in authority suppresses an activity, they prevent it from continuing, by using force or making it illegal.
例：...drug traffickers, who continue to flourish despite international attempts to suppress them...在国际社会强力打击下活动依然猖獗的贩毒分子
例：...nationwide demonstrations for democracy, suppressed after 7 weeks by the army.在进行7周后遭到军队镇压的全国性民主示威活动
VERB
制止，阻止，抑制(身体的功能或反应)
If a natural function or reaction of your body is suppressed, it is stopped, for example by drugs or illness.
例：The reproduction and growth of the cancerous cells can be suppressed by bombarding them with radiation.可以通过放疗杀死癌细胞来抑制其再生和扩散。
例：...the strongest evidence so far that ultraviolet light can suppress human immune responses.迄今为止可证明紫外线能抑制人体免疫反应的最有力证据
VERB
抑制，控制，克制(感情或反应);忍住
If you suppress your feelings or reactions, you do not express them, even though you might want to.
例：Liz thought of Barry and suppressed a smile...莉兹想起了巴里，忍住没笑。
例：The Professor said that deep sleep allowed suppressed anxieties to surface.教授说深度睡眠可以使压抑的焦虑情绪得以释放。
VERB
封锁，隐瞒(消息)
If someone suppresses a piece of information, they prevent other people from learning it.
例：At no time did they try to persuade me to suppress the information...他们从没有试图劝我隐瞒这个消息。
例：The wrong criminal is in the dock either because a genuine mistake has been made or because evidence has been suppressed.冤案错案的出现，要么是因为确实弄错了，要么是因为证据被隐瞒。
VERB
压制，抑制，阻止(进程或活动)
If someone or something suppresses a process or activity, they stop it continuing or developing.
例：'The Government is suppressing inflation by devastating the economy,' he said...他说，“政府正在通过破坏经济来抑制通货膨胀。”
例：Lawyers said today's ruling would lead to higher prices and would suppress innovation of new products.律师们称今天的裁决将会抬升价格，并抑制新产品的创新。
n. [电子] 抑制；镇压； [植] 压抑
 - checking, control, restraint, inhibition, curb

Word: cider
Front: cider
[ˈsaɪdə(r)] (托 10172/9018 -1)
Vocabulary: cider
(once / 1855 pages)
n
Cider is an unfiltered juice or fermented beverage made from apples. In the fall, there's nothing like a mug of hot, spiced cider.
Apple cider is a darker-colored, unsweetened version of apple juice — the main difference is that cider is fresh, with a short shelf life, and it isn't filtered. Another kind of cider is this same pressed apple juice, allowed to ferment and become alcoholic. This is often called "hard cider." The word comes from the Old French cidre, "pear or apple cider," ultimately from the Hebrew shekhar, "strong drink."
WORD FAMILY
cider: ciders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The winery claims Nectar Creek never submitted the application for label approval, leaving the bottles of cider unable to be sold.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Truxton Circle cider bar is open as usual with reservations for New Year's Eve.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Expect early countdowns and toasts — with apple cider.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. <美>（用作饮料或制醋用的）苹果汁; <英>苹果酒
分布：苹果酒(80%)，苹果汁(20%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
【记】读：辛迪（克劳馥）：国际名模，爱喝苹果汁
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable UK (US hard cider) (Australian rough cider)
■an alcoholic drink made from apples 苹果酒
US (US and UK apple juice) (Australian sweet cider)
■juice from crushed apples, used as a drink or to make vinegar 苹果汁
n. 苹果酒；苹果汁
 - cyder, apple juice

Word: holler
Front: holler
[ˈhɒlə(r)] (10165/23001 -1)
Vocabulary: holler
(once / 2070 pages)
1vn 2n
When you holler, you yell a little too loudly and abruptly. A kid stuck in a tree might holler for help until someone shows up to help him climb down.
Holler is an informal verb, useful for those times you call out or shout. Your teacher might holler at the class if she gets angry enough, and you might holler at your sister to get out of your room at least once a day. A holler can also be a dip or depression in the land, a hollow. The word dates from the 17th century, a colloquial form of hollo, a variation on hello.
WORD FAMILY
holler: hollered, hollering, hollers+/hollering: hollerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That means stop,” the kids hollered back in unison before falling silent and waiting for Bennett’s instructions.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I deserved to be yelled at, but the man I barged in front of was kind enough not to holler at me.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Strick enters the Scottish, they stay in a castle, and there's a cook and all this stuff, and they're hooting and hollering.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 呼叫，呼救; 〈美〉盗贼受害人的控诉; （美国黑人随口哼的）劳动号子
vi. 发牢骚; 叫喊; 诉苦，抱怨
vt. 大声叫喊
时态：hollered, hollering, hollers
分布：叫喊(50%)，发牢骚(40%)，怨言(10%)
→来自hello拼写变体，引申词义叫喊。
US ['hɑ:.lɚ] mainly US informal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to shout loudly 大声叫喊
• He was hollering something about seeing a snake. 他在叫喊他看到了一条蛇。
vi. 发牢骚；叫喊；抱怨
 - whine about, pinge
n. 叫喊
 - cry

Word: blurt
Front: blurt
[blɜ:t] (宝 10143/16314 -1)
Vocabulary: blurt
(once / 2117 pages)
v
If you blurt something out, you're speaking abruptly and without thinking about what you're saying.
Usually, when you blurt something, you end up regretting it. Saying something without considering your words can end up making you feel stupid or hurting someone's feelings — just imagine what might happen if you were to blurt out what you really think about your grandmother's cooking. The best thing about the word blurt is that it's onomatopoeic, or a word that sounds exactly like what it means.
WORD FAMILY
blurt: blurted, blurting, blurts
USAGE EXAMPLES
As with everything Trump blurts, the details and motives are murky.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
After trying and trying, and with her discouraging me from trying, she casually just blurts it out one evening.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
He blurted an expletive and rewound the play he had just watched three, four, five times.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 突然说出; 脱口而出; 漏出
时态：blurted, blurting, blurts
分布：突然说出(56%)，冲口说出(44%)
→拟声词。
【记】blur（v 玷污），t他－你想玷污他，就会脱口而出他的坏话。
US [blɝ:t] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] blurt sth out
■to say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because you are excited or nervous 脱口说出，不假思索地说
• He blurted everything out about the baby, though we'd agreed to keep it a secret for a while. 尽管我们事先商定了要保密一段时间，他还是脱口说出了所有有关孩子的事。
• [+ speech] She suddenly blurted out, "I can't do it". 她突然脱口而出道：“我不能做这件事。”
• [+ that] Late one evening, Gianni blurted out that he loved her. 一个深夜，詹尼脱口说出他爱她。
vt. 未加思索地冲口说出；突然说出
 - ejaculate

Word: retarded
Front: retarded
[rɪˈtɑ:dɪd] (10169/14779 -1)
Vocabulary: retarded
(once / 2563 pages)
adjn
Retarded is a word to describe someone who is mentally slow. This is a medical word that spread to slang, and is today considered very insulting and inappropriate.
Some uses of retarded are harmless, like if you said wearing a backpack retarded or slowed down your progress on a hike. However, if you use retarded to mean stupid, you're on dangerous ground. Out of respect for people who have clinical mental retardation, this is considered an offensive term to throw around.
WORD FAMILY
retarded: retardedly+/ retard: retardation, retarded, retarding, retards/ retardation: retardations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The court ruled in 2002 that executing the “mentally retarded” violated the Constitution.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Raised on Canada's Prince Edward Island, at the age of six she says she was diagnosed as "mentally retarded".
BBC(Nov 02, 2016)
Another said: “Jane you are a retarded and should disembowel yourself with a spoon.”
Washington Post(Oct 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 智力迟钝的; 智力发育迟缓的
v. 使减速(retard的过去式和过去分词); 妨碍; 阻碍（某人/某事物）的进步或发展
分布：智力迟钝的(63%)，发展迟缓的(37%)
→来自 retard,延缓。比喻用法。
US [-'tɑ:r-] offensive old-fashioned
adjective
■having had a slower mental development than other people of the same age 智力迟钝的；弱智的
• mentally/emotionally retarded 智障／有情感障碍的
UK [rɪ'tɑ:.dɪd] US [-'tɑ:r-] offensive old-fashioned
noun offensive old-fashioned
the retarded [plural]
■people with slow development, usually mental development 发育迟缓者；（通常指）智障者，弱智者
• The programme offers intermediate care for the mentally retarded. 这项计划为智障者提供中级护理。
adj. 智力迟钝的；发展迟缓的
 - backward

Word: vigil
Front: vigil
[ˈvɪdʒɪl] (10146/14239 -1)
Vocabulary: vigil
(once / 1661 pages)
n
A vigil is when you stay alert to guard something, as when you keep vigil over your hen house when the foxes are out. A vigil can also be solemn, as when a candlelight vigil is held for victims of a tragedy.
Vigil comes from the Latin word for "awake," and all its meanings include the idea of watchfulness. If you're attending a vigil or keeping vigil, you shouldn't expect to take a nap. The vigil is an apt kind of demonstration for peace movements, as it's calm, non-violent, and solemn, with participants standing quietly — sometimes holding candles.
WORD FAMILY
vigil: vigils
USAGE EXAMPLES
The BNF keeps vigil over a riverbank that’s vibrant with life once again as Parisians reclaim the quays once monopolized by industry.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema will hold further vigils and screenings of Fisher’s films in theater locations in other parts of Texas, Virginia and Nebraska.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Houston's Mason Park location will hold a lightsaber vigil at 6:45 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 守夜，熬夜; 节日（斋戒）前夜的守夜; 警戒，监视; 不眠
分布：守夜(88%)，监视(8%)，值夜(4%)
→来自拉丁语vigil,警醒，看守，来自weg,有活力的，积极的，词源同vigor,wake。引申词义守夜，值夜。
noun countable or uncountable
■(an act of) staying awake, especially at night, in order to be with an ill person, or to express especially political disagreement, or to pray （陪伴病人、祈祷、表达不同政见等的）不眠时间；（尤指）值夜，守夜
• His parents kept vigil beside his bed for weeks before he died. 他去世之前，父母在他床边守夜守了好几周。
• Supporters of the peace movement held an all-night candlelit vigil outside the cathedral. 和平运动的支持者们在大教堂外举行了一次持续一整夜的烛光守夜祈祷活动。
n. 守夜；监视；不眠；警戒
 - observation, monitoring, guard, surveillance, wake

Word: taking
Front: taking
['teɪkɪŋ] (宝 10158/7540)
Back: adj. 迷人的; 引人注目的; 会传染的
n. 引人注目; 迷人; 取得; 营业收入
v. 拿（ take的现在分词 ）; 接受; 取得; 学习
分布：取得(27%)，迷人的(23%)，会传染的(17%)，捕获(17%)，售得金额(11%)，动词take的现在分词.(5%)
【记】能take走别人的魂－taking
VERB
（后接名词，用于描述动作或事件）
You can use take followed by a noun to talk about an action or event, when it would also be possible to use the verb that is related to that noun. For example, you can say 'she took a shower' instead of 'she showered'.
例：She was too tired to take a shower...她累得连澡都懒得冲。
例：Betty took a photograph of us...贝蒂给我们照了张相。
VERB
（与一系列名词连用，代替意义更为具体的动词）
In ordinary spoken or written English, people use take with a range of nouns instead of using a more specific verb. For example people often say 'he took control' or 'she took a positive attitude' instead of 'he assumed control' or 'she adopted a positive attitude'.
例：The Patriotic Front took power after a three-month civil war...经过 3 个月内战，爱国阵线夺取了政权。
例：I felt it was important for women to join and take a leading role...我觉得让女性参与其中，并担当领导角色对于女性而言意义重大。
n. 取得；捕获；营业收入
 - procurement, capture
adj. 可爱的；迷人的；会传染的
 - lovely, pretty, cute, killing, charming
v. 拿；捕捉；夺取（take的ing形式）
 - capturing

Word: re-elect
Front: re-elect
[ˈri:iˈlekt] (-2)
Back: v. 重选，改选
verb transitive
■to elect someone again to a particular position 重新选举；再度选上

Word: broke
Front: broke
[brəʊk] (10154/18615 -1)
Back: vt. 打破(break的过去式和过去分词); 折断
adj. 破产的; 缺乏资金的
分布：破产的(60%)，一文不名的(40%)
US [broʊk] verb past simple of
■break 打碎
UK [brəʊk] US [broʊk] adjective [after verb] informal
■without money 一文不名的，没钱的
• I can't afford to go on holiday this year - I'm (flat) broke. 今年我没法去渡假了——我（彻底）没钱了。
• Many small businesses went broke (= lost all their money) during the recession. 经济萧条时期，许多小企业都破产了。
UK [brəʊk] US [broʊk] adjective [after verb] informal
go for broke
■to risk everything in the hope of having great success 孤注一掷
adj. 一文不名的，破产的
 - moneyless, bankrupt

Word: modernism
Front: modernism
[ˈmɒdənɪzəm] (10170/10874 -1)
Vocabulary: modernism
(once / 3280 pages)
n
Modernism describes things you do that are contemporary or current. Your modernism may be seen in your up-to-date clothing, your contemporary taste in books, and your willingness to stay up on current trends.
Modernism can describe thought, behavior, or values that reflect current times, but it can also be used to describe an art and literature movement of the 19th and 20th centuries that intentionally split from earlier conservative traditions. The poet Ezra Pound was a key figure in modernism, and his famous slogan "Make it new!" sums up the values of modernism, which rejected traditional forms and styles for more experimental techniques.
WORD FAMILY
modernism: modernisms, modernist, modernistic+/ modern: modernise, modernism, modernity, modernize, modernly, modernness, moderns, nonmodern, postmodern/modernisation: modernisations/modernise: modernisation, modernised, modernises, modernising/modernised: unmodernised/modernist: modernists/modernistic: modernistically/ modernity: modernities/modernization: modernizations/ modernize: modernization, modernized, modernizes, modernizing/modernized: unmodernized/postmodern: postmodernism/postmodernism: postmodernist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Modernism is our antiquity,” the historian T. J. Clark wrote in “Farewell to an Idea,” his 1999 eulogy for the art of the last century.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
You’ll see Art Deco references as well, and more of the simplicity and elegance of Danish, Italian and French modernism.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
They revisit modernism with varied depictions of one of art’s oldest motifs: the reclining odalisque, sometimes nude, sometimes clothed.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. [宗]现代主义; 现代想法; 现代用法; 现代风尚，现代标准
分布：现代主义(88%)，现代派(8%)，现代思想(4%)
→来自modern,现代的。
现代派(modern现代的)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US ['mɑ:.dɚ.nɪ-] noun uncountable
■modern thinking or methods 现代思想；现代方法
• Modernism seeks to find new forms of expression and rejects traditional or accepted ideas. 现代思想试图寻求新的表达方式，摒弃传统或公认的观念。
specialized
■the ideas and methods of modern art, especially in the simple design of buildings in the 1940s, 50s and 60s which were made from modern materials 现代派，现代主义（尤指20世纪40至60年代建筑的简约设计风格）
n. 现代主义；现代思想；现代作风
 - presentism

Word: stairway
Front: stairway
[ˈsteəweɪ] (六 10157/14777 -1)
Back: n. 楼梯; 阶梯
分布：楼梯(100%)
US ['ster-] noun countable
■a passage in a public place with a set of steps that leads from one level to another （公共场所的）楼梯，台阶
n. [建] 阶梯，楼梯
 - ladder, stile

Word: intrude
Front: intrude
[ɪnˈtru:d] (研托宝 10162/9651 -1)
Vocabulary: intrude
(once / 336 pages)
v
When someone says, “I hate to intrude, but…” you can bet she is in fact going to interrupt your conversation or insert her opinion, even though it isn’t wanted. House burglars also intrude, but they don’t usually announce it first.
People can intrude in different ways, but it is usually uninvited and also unwelcome. This verb is derived from the Latin, intrudere, in which the in- means “into” and -trudere means, “to thrust.” So people can in intrude by thrusting or forcing themselves into your private life, your personal body space, or your home. Loud music could intrude into your studying. A memory could intrude while you are trying to focus on texting a message.
WORD FAMILY
intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive +/ intruder: intruders/ intrusion: intrusions/ intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The demands of the president’s day job sometimes intrude.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
While I wouldn’t want to write anywhere else than my home now, it’s not ideal because so many other things intrude.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Intruded Upon: “Only” once a month — that’s a lot of reminders that you’re expected to live in a way that pleases your in-laws.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vi. 侵入，侵扰，打扰; 闯入; 打扰
vt. 把观点强加于他人; [地质]侵入其他地层; 把…硬挤
时态：intruded, intruding, intrudes
分布：打扰(38%)，侵入(32%)，闯入(21%)，干涉(9%)
→in-,进入，使，-trud,推进，逼迫，词源同obtrude,threat.引申词义侵入，侵犯。
硬挤进;侵入(in进+trud+e→推进去→挤进)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
vi.闯入,侵入vt.把(思想等)强加于人;强挤入I hope I am not intruding.我希望我不致打扰你.
【记】in进入，trude突出一突然进去一闯入
【参】extrude（v 挤压出；突出；伸出）
verb intransitive
■to go into a place or situation in which you are not wanted or not expected to be 闯入，侵扰
• I didn't realise your husband was here, Dr Jones - I hope I'm not intruding. 琼斯博士，我不知道您丈夫在这里——但愿我没有打扰你们。
• Newspaper editors are being urged not to intrude on/into the grief of the families of missing servicemen. 人们强烈要求报纸编辑不要烦扰失踪军人悲痛的家属。
vi. 闯入；侵入；侵扰
 - horn in, darken the door

Word: profile
Front: profile
[ˈprəʊfaɪl] (研六托雅宝 2676/2812 -3)
Vocabulary: profile
(once / 482 pages)
1nv 2nv
If a magazine editor asks you to write a profile of an up-and-coming novelist, she's asking you to write a biographical sketch, to give the readers a sense of the novelist as a person.
Profile comes from the Italian profilo, the thin colored border of cloth that outlines a garment. It came to mean any kind of sketch or outline, especially of faces. If someone compliments your profile means you look nice from the side (try outlining from other angles). If you have a criminal profile, your criminal record creates a picture of an active life of crime. A profile is also a drawing of the earth in cross-section, showing layers of crust.
WORD FAMILY
profile: profiled, profiles, profiling
USAGE EXAMPLES
It posted photos of its adventures to its Twitter, Facebook and Instagram profiles, and it appeared to be well received.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
She landed on the Facebook profile for the most vile of her harassers.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
China’s eagerness to act, analysts say, also reflected a desire by the government to raise its profile on environmental issues.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 侧面，半面; 外形，轮廓; [航]翼型; 人物简介
vt. 描…的轮廓; 给…画侧面图; 为（某人）写传略; [机]铣出…的轮廓
时态：profiled, profiling, profiles
分布：轮廓(43%)，侧面(23%)，简介(20%)，形象(10%)，评论人物(3%)，描绘 ... 轮廓(1%)
→pro-,向前，-fil,线，线条，词源同file,filament.即画出线条轮廓，引申诸相当词义。
侧面像;轮廓(pro+file纱线→前面的线条)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
外形,轮廊(pro在前面+file→在前面的线条→轮廊)[fil,fili=thread表示"线条"]
外形,轮廓(pro前面+file线条...前面的线条...轮廓)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
n.侧面(像);轮廓,外形;人物简介Having piled miles of files, the compiler smiled a while at the profile.堆了几英里长的文件之后,编辑对着侧面笑了一会.
【记】pro前，file＝fili线条－前部的线条－外形，轮廓pro前，file文件：文件的前面是一篇文章的轮廓。
US ['proʊ-] noun countable
SHORT DESCRIPTION 简短的描述
 ADVANCED
■a short description of someone's life, work, character, etc. 传略；人物简介
UK ['prəʊ.faɪl] US ['proʊ-] noun countable
ATTENTION 注意
 ADVANCED
■the amount of public attention and notice that something receives 大众的注意
• We need to increase our company's profile in Asia. 我们需要扩大公司在亚洲的影响力。
• There is a growing number of women in high- profile positions (= positions where they are noticed) in the government. 在备受注目的政府职位上，女性的数量在逐渐增长。
UK ['prəʊ.faɪl] US ['proʊ-] noun countable
SIDE VIEW 侧面视角
■a side view of a person's face （面部的）侧面（像）
• Drawing profiles is somehow easier than drawing the full face. 不知为甚么画侧面像要比画整张脸容易。
• a strong profile 轮廓分明的侧影
• The actor is photographed in profile, smoking a cigarette. 这个演员被人从侧面拍了一张抽烟的照片。
UK ['prəʊ.faɪl] US ['proʊ-] noun countable
keep a low profile
■to avoid attracting attention to yourself 不张扬；低调处理
• He's been in a bit of trouble recently so he's trying to keep a low profile. 他最近惹了些麻烦，所以尽量不抛头露面。
n. 侧面；轮廓；外形； [建] [地质] 剖面
 - configuration, side, shell, outline

Word: giggle
Front: giggle
[ˈgɪgl] (研雅宝 7352/6744 -2)
Vocabulary: giggle
(once / 1225 pages)
vn
If you laugh with a dainty tee-hee-hee, you giggle. Children giggle a lot. Big strong men are more likely to guffaw or issue a big belly laugh.
The word giggle has been around since about the 16th century, and yet, it has no Latin or Greek roots. Most likely the word is an imitation of the silly sound you make when you laugh like this. If you and your friends have hidden a frog on your teacher's desk, when she enters the room and moves towards it, you will probably begin giggling — you know something funny is about to happen and you're a little nervous about it.
WORD FAMILY
giggle: giggled, giggler, giggles, giggling+/giggler: gigglers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shore giggled at the anecdote and said Michaels still quotes his father’s phrase as a sign-off from phone calls.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The babies are actually RealCare Infant Simulators - high-tech dolls that cry, burp, slurp, giggle, and send data to Currie to analyze for grades.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He giggled and pretended to do moves as Taylor encouraged his pupil.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 咯咯的笑; 傻笑; <英·非正>玩笑; the giggles 止不住的格格笑
vi. 咯咯地笑; 傻笑; 娇笑一下; 情不自禁地笑出声来
时态：giggled, giggling, giggles
分布：咯咯地笑(41%)，咯咯笑(34%)，趣事(25%)
→拟声词。
vi.／n.痴笑;咯咯地笑vt.咯咯地笑着说She giggles at everything.她对什么事情都发出傻笑.
【记】gigi是梁泳琪le乐：gigi只会giggle的le乐读：鸡狗－老母鸡见到狗吃屎－吃吃地笑
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to laugh repeatedly in a quiet but uncontrolled way, often at something silly or rude or when you are nervous （因为感到有趣、窘迫或紧张而）咯咯地笑，傻笑
• Stop that giggling at the back! 别在后面傻笑！
['gɪg.l] noun
LAUGHTER 笑
countable
■a nervous or silly laugh （紧张的）咯咯笑；傻笑
• There were a few nervous giggles from people in the audience. 观众中有人发出几声紧张的笑声。
• I caught Roz having a giggle over some of Janet's awful poetry. 罗兹读着珍妮特糟糕的诗篇咯咯地笑出声来，正好被我听到。
the giggles [plural] informal
■when you can't stop giggling 止不住的咯咯笑
• I often used to get/have the giggles in lectures when I was at college. 上大学时，我经常在课堂上咯咯傻笑个不停。
['gɪg.l] noun
FUNNY SITUATION 有趣的情况
only singular UK informal
■something which is funny, often when it involves laughing at someone else 趣事；玩笑
• Just for a giggle, we hid his trousers while he was in the water. 他在水里的时候，我们把他的裤子藏了起来，这纯粹为了好玩。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
vi. 傻笑；咯咯地笑
 - smirk

Word: cloud
Front: cloud
[klaʊd] (中高 1914/2333 -K3)
Vocabulary: cloud
(once / 59 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
A cloud is a clump of water vapor that you can see in the sky. Clouds are sometimes white and puffy, and other times so big and gray that they completely block the sun.
Clouds form when air rises and cools and the moisture in it condenses into a visible form. Any similar billowy mass is also a cloud, like a cloud of smoke over your campfire or a cloud of dust after your car peels out of the driveway. If you're gloomy or morose, someone might say there's a cloud over you — a figurative cloud of sadness. On the other hand, if you're "on cloud nine," you couldn't be happier.
WORD FAMILY
cloud: clouded, clouding, cloudless, cloudlike, clouds, cloudy, overcloud+/clouded: unclouded/clouding: cloudings/cloudless: cloudlessly, cloudlessness/ cloudy: cloudier, cloudiest, cloudily, cloudiness/overcloud: overclouded, overclouding, overclouds/unclouded: uncloudedly, uncloudedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Personal bias clouds our perceptions so profoundly that employee performance ratings often reveal more about the person conducting them than the person being rated.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
During a journaling activity with volunteers from the St. Cloud Times, Sarah colored pictures about herself and her life.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They threw rocks, toppled streetlights, dodged clouds of tear gas and tipped over a television truck.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 云; 云状物; 一团; 阴影
vi. 布满云; 显得阴沉; 看起来忧愁）
vt. 使难以理解; 使…朦胧不清; 使减少乐趣; 混淆
时态：clouded, clouding, clouds
分布：云(96%)，阴影(4%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同clay,clump,clod.词义由粘连到聚集成块。原义为土块，石块， 后代替sky 指云，sky 词义由云过渡为天空。
n.云(状物);遮暗物,阴影;一大群Riding on the ridge of the bridge, the proud bride shouts loudly to the cloud.骄傲的新娘骑在桥脊上对着云大声喊.
noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a usually grey or white mass in the sky, made of very small floating drops of water 云
• Do you think those are rain clouds on the horizon? 你看天边那些云是雨云吗？
• The sky was a perfect blue - not a cloud in sight. 天空一片湛蓝——万里无云。
• There was so much cloud, we couldn't see anything. 云层太厚，我们甚么也看不见。
• Dark clouds massed on the horizon. 天边乌云密布。
 IMPROVER countable
■a mass of something such as dust or smoke that looks like a cloud 一团（尘土、烟雾等）；云状物
• On the eastern horizon, a huge cloud of smoke from burning oil tanks stretched across the sky. 在东方的地平线上，着火的储油罐冒出的浓烟弥漫在天际。
• The initial cloud of tear gas had hardly cleared before shots were fired. 催泪瓦斯的第一团烟雾刚散尽，射击就开始了。
[klaʊd] noun
be on cloud nine informal
■to be extremely happy and excited 高兴极了；异常兴奋；乐不可支
• "Was Helen pleased about getting that job?" "Pleased? She was on cloud nine!" “海伦得到那份工作高兴吗？”“岂止是高兴？她简直飘飘然了！”
[klaʊd] noun
be under a cloud
■to not be trusted or popular because people think you have done something bad 不被信任，受怀疑；受嫌弃，不受欢迎
• The cabinet minister left office under a cloud after a fraud scandal. 这位内阁大臣因涉嫌诈骗丑闻而离职。
[klaʊd] noun
a cloud hanging over sb
■a situation or future event which makes you worry or feel unhappy （某人）有心事；不悦；忧心忡忡
• When you're waiting for an operation, you feel like there's a cloud hanging over you. 等待手术的时候，会感觉忧心忡忡的。
[klaʊd] noun
a cloud on the horizon
■something which threatens to cause problems or unhappiness in the future 可能到来的麻烦；令人担忧的事
• The only cloud on the horizon is the physics exam in June. 唯一要担心的就是六月份的物理考试。
[klaʊd] noun
Every cloud has a silver lining. saying
■said to emphasize that every difficult or unpleasant situation has some advantage 黑暗中总有一线光明。
[klaʊd] verb
intransitive or transitive
■If something transparent clouds, or if something clouds it, it becomes difficult to see through. （使）变得模糊，（使）变得黯然
transitive
■to make someone confused, or make something more difficult to understand 使迷惑；使不清楚；使难以理解
• When it came to explaining the lipstick on his collar, he found that drink had clouded (= confused) his memory. 等到要他解释衣领上的口红印时，他才意识到当时酒喝得太多，甚么都记不清楚了。
[klaʊd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  cloud over
SKY
■If the sky clouds over, it becomes covered with clouds. 乌云密布，乌云翻滚
FACE
■If a person's face clouds over, they suddenly look unhappy or worried （脸色）阴沉；愁云满面；忧郁
• At the mention of her dead husband, her face clouded over. 一提到死去的丈夫，她的脸色就阴沉下来。
n. [气象] 云；阴云；云状物；一大群；黑斑
 - horde, melasma
vt. 使混乱；以云遮敝；使忧郁；玷污
 - confuse, make hay of

Word: orthodoxy
Front: orthodoxy
[ˈɔ:θədɒksi] (10148/10302 -1)
Vocabulary: orthodoxy
(once / 1932 pages)
n
A widely accepted belief or theory is an orthodoxy. You could call the scientific theory of gravity an orthodoxy, since it's generally considered to be an established fact.
The word orthodoxy comes from the Greek root words orthos, which means right, true or straight, and doxa, opinion. So orthodoxy describes the one true opinion. The noun orthodoxy, pronounced "OR-thuh-dock-see," is most commonly used to talk about religious beliefs. When you conform to the orthodoxy of a particular religion, you follow its accepted doctrines, like a Christian's belief in an all-powerful God.
WORD FAMILY
orthodoxy: orthodoxies, unorthodoxy+/ orthodox: orthodoxest, orthodoxly, orthodoxy, unorthodox /unorthodoxy: unorthodoxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It turns the page on a forty-year western economic orthodoxy - the liberal market consensus of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
“Silence” argues against orthodoxy, but its messenger is too pallid.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Voters concluded that an ideology-free businessman would turn hope into change better than yet another bearer of liberal orthodoxy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 正统; 正教，信奉正教; 正统派的观念[学说，做法等]; 正统性
分布：正教(51%)，正统说法(38%)，信奉正教(11%)
→来自orthodox,正统的。
US ['ɔ:r.θə.dɑ:k-] noun
countable
■the generally accepted beliefs of society at a particular time 正统观念；普遍接受的观念
• The current economic orthodoxy is of a free market and unregulated trade. 当前的正统经济观念，主张自由市场和无约束贸易。
countable or uncountable
■the traditional beliefs of a religious group or political party （宗教团体或政党的）正统信仰
• She is a strict defender of Catholic orthodoxy. 她是正统天主教的绝对捍卫者。
uncountable
■the degree to which someone believes in traditional religious or political ideas （对传统宗教或政治观点的）信奉程度
• His orthodoxy began to be seriously questioned by his parish priest. 教区牧师开始对他信教的虔诚度产生了深深的怀疑。
n. 正统；正教；正统说法
 - legitimacy

Word: cerebral
Front: cerebral
[ˈserəbrəl] (宝 10167/8856 -1)
Vocabulary: cerebral
(once / 2639 pages)
adj
If you are a cerebral person, no one would ever call you a drama queen. You make decisions using your intelligence and cold, hard facts, instead of your emotions.
The word cerebral gets its meaning from cerebrum, which is Latin for brain. Cerebral people use their brains instead of their hearts. The cerebrum is a particular section of the brain, and anything related to that part is also cerebral, like in medicine. A cerebral hemorrhage, for example, means a hemorrhage has occurred in the brain — a phrase you'd never want to hear coming from a doctor.
WORD FAMILY
cerebral: cerebrally, intracerebral
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her work is cerebral but also warm, deeply felt.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Stone, who was born with cerebral palsy, wanted to live off-campus while attending Seattle University.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
From a giggly teen viewpoint, “guilty feet” was a hilariously maladroit personification, too fleshy and too cerebral all at once.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 大脑的; 脑的; 理智的; 非感情方面的
分布：大脑的(63%)，理智的(37%)
→来自词根cereb,脑，词源同horn, 角，头。
【参】celebrated（adj 著名的）；celebrity（n 名望，名人）cerebration（n 用脑，思考＝thinking）；cerebrum（n 大脑）
adjective specialized
■relating to the brain 脑的，大脑的
■formal
■demanding careful reasoning and mental effort rather than feelings 理智的；理性的
• She makes cerebral films that deal with important social issues. 她拍摄的影片触动理智，讨论诸多重要的社会问题。
adj. [动] 大脑的，脑的
 - encephalic, cranic

Word: dope
Front: dope
[dəʊp] (10180/15635 -1)
Back: n. 麻醉剂; 笨蛋; 内幕消息; 兴奋剂
vt. 给…服麻醉剂; 使昏昏沉沉; 给…用兴奋剂; 在…中加入麻醉剂
时态：doped, doping, dopes
分布：涂料(57%)，毒品(26%)，内幕消息(8%)，猜出(6%)，给某人吃或打兴奋剂(3%)
→来自dip, 浸。原义为沙司，汤汁，后用在口语指大麻。
US [doʊp] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable informal
■ cannabis , or, more generally, any type of illegal drug 大麻；毒品
• They were arrested for smoking/selling/buying dope. 他们因吸食／贩卖／购买毒品而遭逮捕。
UK [dəʊp] US [doʊp] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■a silly person 傻瓜，蠢货
• You shouldn't have told him, you dope! 你本不应该告诉他的，你这个傻瓜！
UK [dəʊp] US [doʊp] verb transitive
■to give a person or an animal drugs in order to make them perform better or worse in a competition 为…提供兴奋剂；使服用兴奋剂
• They were arrested for doping racehorses. 他们因给参赛马匹服用兴奋剂而被捕。
■to give a person or an animal a drug to make them want to sleep 给…提供安眠药；使服用安眠药
• We always have to dope up our cat for long car journeys. 开车长途旅行时我们总是给猫吃安眠药。
n. [涂料] 涂料；笨蛋；麻醉药物
 - simple, turkey, put
vt. [涂料] 上涂料；服药
 - take medicine
vi. 吸毒；吸毒成瘾
 - take drugs, hit the pipe

Word: excavate
Front: excavate
[ˈekskəveɪt] (托雅宝 10160/10210 -1)
Vocabulary: excavate
(once / 883 pages)
v
To excavate is to remove or find by digging. If you have rocky soil in your garden, you may have to excavate it to remove the rocks and replace them with additional soil.
Construction crews also excavate when they remove material from the ground. Workers slowly excavate subways tunnels using explosives to break up the rock and earth. Then the workers clear away the materials, hollowing out a tunnel as they go. It often takes a lot of time and effort to excavate. But most people would agree a new subway line is dynamite!
WORD FAMILY
excavate: excavated, excavates, excavating, excavation, excavator+/ excavation: excavations/excavator: excavators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps now, he agreed, they might excavate the word, slap it on signage and claim, with evidence, that it means something about royalty.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This $99.3 million project involves lowering an existing levee and shore armoring, excavating channels and constructing a new levee alignment.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A documented dated to 243 A.D., excavated in North Africa, marks his birthday as March 28.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 挖掘; 开凿; 挖出; 发掘
vi. 发掘
时态：excavated, excavating, excavates
分布：挖掘(96%)，挖开(4%)
→ex-, 向外。cave, 洞穴。
挖掘(ex出+cav+ate→从洞中出来→挖出)[cav=hole,表示"洞"]
【记】ex出，cav＝cave（n 洞）－挖出大洞－挖掘
【参】cavity（n 洞；腔）；excavation（n 挖掘；出土文物）
【反】fill in（填充）；entangle（vt 纠缠；卷入）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to remove earth that is covering very old objects buried in the ground in order to discover things about the past 发掘；挖出
• Tintagel Castle is being excavated. 考古学家正在发掘廷塔杰尔城堡遗址。
■to dig a hole or channel in the ground, especially with a machine （尤指用机器）开凿，挖（洞），挖空
• In tin mining today, workers excavate tunnels horizontally from a vertical shaft. 如今开采锡矿，工人们从竖井中横向开挖隧道。
vt. 挖掘；开凿
 - to dig, tap into

Word: crocodile
Front: crocodile
[ˈkrɒkədaɪl] (雅 10171/9844 -1)
Back: n. 鳄鱼; 鳄鱼皮革; 鳄类动物
分布：鳄鱼(100%)
→来自希腊文kroke, 鹅卵石，词源同sugar, 石粒，糖粒，drilos, 虫。
US ['krɑ:.kə-] (plural crocodiles or crocodile)
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
 ADVANCED (informal croc)
■a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot wet parts of the world. It is like an alligator , but it usually has a longer and narrower nose 鳄鱼
• a crocodile-infested swamp 鳄鱼出没的沼泽
UK ['krɒk.ə.daɪl] US ['krɑ:.kə-] (plural crocodiles or crocodile)
noun countable
LINE 行列 UK informal
■a line of people, especially children, who are walking in pairs 两人一排成纵队行走的人（尤指儿童）
n. 鳄鱼
 - cayman, caiman

Word: hip-hop
Front: hip-hop
['hɪph'ɒp] (-1)
Back: n. 嬉蹦舞乐曲; 街舞; 嘻哈
分布：嘻哈(44%)，嘻哈的(28%)，街舞(28%)
US [-hɑ:p] noun uncountable
■a type of popular music in which the subject of the songs is often politics or society and the words are spoken rather than sung 嬉哈音乐（采用说唱形式，主题常涉及政治或社会的一种流行音乐）
n. 街舞，即兴音乐；嘻哈
 - poping

Word: parishioner
Front: parishioner
[pəˈrɪʃənə(r)] (10182/12400)
Back: n. 教区居民
分布：教区居民(86%)，教区的教徒(14%)
→来自parish,堂区，教区。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a member of a particular parish under the care of a priest, especially one who often goes to its church （尤指经常去教堂的）教区教徒

Word: metric
Front: metric
[ˈmetrɪk] (研四六雅 10163/10828 -1)
Vocabulary: metric
(once / 3287 pages)
1adjn 2n 3adj 4n
If something’s metric, it’s related to a system that uses the meter as a basic measurement. If someone says they'll sell you 3 meters of silk, then you know that the metric system is being used.
The word metric traces back to the French word métriquei, from mèter. The word is most often used to describe a widely used system of measurement based on the meter, called the metric system. Metric can describe the system as well as things related to the metric system. If your science teacher asks you to measure an object using metric units, you’ll be using centimeters and millimeters, rather than inches or feet. In music, metric refers to the rhythmic measures.
WORD FAMILY
metric: metricise, metricize, metrics, non-metric+/ meter: metered, metering, meters, metric
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors and hospitals here are obsessed with metrics, not least because under the health law, they may be rewarded or penalized based on their performance.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As a rough metric, the first word yields more than twenty times as many Siri-related Google hits as the other two combined.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
A metric ton of restaurants opened in Seattle this year, while some favorites closed.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 米制的，公制的，十进制的; 度量的; 距离的
n. 度量标准; [数学]度量; 诗体，韵文，诗韵
分布：度量(65%)，公制的(12%)，标准(12%)，米制的(6%)，十进制的(5%)
→来自metre,米，公制。
a.米制的,公制的The gram is a metric unit.克是公制单位.
adjective mainly UK
 ADVANCED
■using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres etc 公制的，米制的
• The recipe is given in both metric and imperial measures. 食谱中材料的份量均以公制和英制两种计量方法标出。
• Most high-tech industry has been metric for decades. 大多数高科技工业采用公制已达数十年了。

Word: snail
Front: snail
[sneɪl] (六 10183/8765 -1)
Back: n. 蜗牛; 慢性子
分布：蜗牛(100%)
→来自古英语 snaegl,蜗牛，来自 Proto-Germanic*snagila,蜗牛，来自 sneg,爬，蜷缩，词源 同 snake,sneak.拼写比较 rail,regulate.
noun countable
■a small creature with a soft wet body and a round shell, that moves very slowly and often eats garden plants 蜗牛
[sneɪl] noun countable
at a snail's pace
■extremely slowly 非常慢地，缓慢地
• The roads were full of traffic and we were travelling at a snail's pace for two hours. 路上全是车，我们如蜗牛爬行般行驶了两个小时。
n. [无脊椎] 蜗牛；迟钝的人
 - pachyderm, schnook

Word: crown
Front: crown
[kraʊn] (研四六雅宝 5097/1760 -K3)
Vocabulary: crown
(once / 118 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4n
A crown is a fancy, round ornament worn on the heads of kings and queens. To crown someone is to declare them a monarch or a champion. A crown is also a boring old top of something, like a tooth.
Historically, a crown represented the country ruled by the monarch who wore it. In some cases, the person wearing a crown wasn't the king, but the head of a church, as most modern-day Catholic popes have done during certain ceremonies. Other kinds of crowns are the top of a hat or the top part of your head, and also the visible part of a tooth — or the artificial replacement made by a dentist.
WORD FAMILY
crown: coronate, crowned, crowning, crownless, crowns+/coronate: coronated, coronation / coronation: coronations/crowned: uncrowned/crowning: crowningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The nascent republic soon shattered and Yuan crowned himself emperor.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Packers: Swept Detroit to win NFC North, including Sunday night at Lions in showdown for division crown.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A commentator declared, “Tonight, two high-school heavyweights square off in the city where champions are crowned.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 王冠; 花冠（有时象征胜利）; 王权; （某物的）顶部
vt. （尤指通过增添成就、成功等）使圆满; 为…加冕; 使圆满完成; 给…以荣誉
vi. 露顶
时态：crowned, crowning, crowns
分布：王冠(61%)，花冠(12%)，王权(8%)，加冕(6%)，齿冠(6%)，顶点(2%)，使圆满(2%)，使 ... 成王(1%)，居 ... 之顶(1%)，镶齿冠(1%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, corona.
n.王冠,冕;君权,君王v.为...加冕Kings and queens wear crowns at official ceremonies.国王和女王出席官方仪式时戴王冠.
noun countable
HEAD COVERING 戴于头顶之物
 IMPROVER
■a circular decoration for the head, usually made of gold and jewels (= precious stones) , and worn by a king or queen at official ceremonies 王冠，皇冠；冕
■the winning of a sports competition 冠军
• He plans to defend his Olympic crown. 他计划卫冕奥运会冠军。
[kraʊn] noun countable
TOP PART 顶部
■the top part of a head, hat or hill （头、帽或山的）顶部
• A pink ribbon had been tied around the crown of the hat. 帽子顶部系着一条粉色的缎带。
[kraʊn] noun countable
TOOTH 牙齿
■an artificial piece used to cover a damaged tooth （受损牙齿的）人造冠
[kraʊn] noun countable
COIN 硬币
■a British coin which is no longer used 克朗（英国旧币）
[kraʊn] verb transitive
HEAD COVERING 戴于头顶之物
■to put a crown on someone's head in an official ceremony that makes them king or queen 为…加冕；立…为君主
• Queen Elizabeth II was crowned (queen) (= made queen in a special ceremony) in 1953. 伊丽莎白女王二世于1953年加冕。
⇒ See also coronation
■If an event or achievement crowns something, it is the best or most successful part of it 使达到顶峰；使圆满
• an acting career crowned by her final Oscar-winning performance 她的演艺生涯以最终赢得奥斯卡奖而达到顶峰
[kraʊn] verb transitive
TOP PART 顶部 formal
■If something crowns something else, it is on or around the top of it 加顶于；覆盖…的顶部
• The church was crowned with golden domes. 教堂顶部是金色的穹顶。
■slang
■to hit someone on the head 打…的头部
[kraʊn] verb transitive
TOOTH 牙齿
■to fit a crown (= tooth covering) 在牙上镶齿冠
• She's had her two front teeth crowned. 她给两颗门牙镶了齿冠。
[kraʊn] verb transitive
to crown it all UK informal
■used to say that something is the worst thing to happen in a series of unpleasant events 最糟糕的是
• I had lost my ticket, was soaked to the skin, and, to crown it all, discovered that my purse had been stolen. 我把票弄丢了，又被淋得浑身湿透，最糟糕的是，我发现我的钱包被偷了。
n. [纸] 王冠；花冠；王权；顶点
 - height, sky, summit, peak, lei
vt. 加冕；居…之顶；表彰；使圆满完成
 - coronate, cite

Word: cornerback
Front: cornerback
[ˈkɔ:nəbæk] (10168/-)
Back: n. （美式橄榄球）侧卫

Word: osteoporosis
Front: osteoporosis
[ˌɒstiəʊpəˈrəʊsɪs] (10189/26032 -1)
Vocabulary: osteoporosis
(once / 19699 pages)
n
Osteoporosis is a condition, most common in elderly women, of fragile, porous bones. Osteoporosis is the culprit behind many fractured bones and curved spines.
The word osteoporosis should have you running for a glass of milk. When you see the root osteo, you know that the word relates to “bone." The suffix osis tells you the word is probably a “condition.” The Greek root poro is pretty much the same as its English ancestor: it means “porous” or “passage.” So osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones are porous, or weak. Sufficient amounts of calcium can help prevent osteoporosis. Got milk?
WORD FAMILY
osteoporosis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Osteoporosis affects more than three million people in Britain alone, and the estimated costs of fractures reaches billions of pounds a year.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
But anastrozole can make bones weaker and so it is not recommended for women with osteoporosis.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Dr. Boyle’s team also evaluates and treats patients for osteoporosis and provides education on nutrition, falls prevention and exercise programs.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: n. [医]骨质疏松症
分布：骨质疏松症(100%)
→osteo-,骨的，-por,孔，洞，词源同port,porous.引申词义骨质疏松症。
US [ˌɑ:.sti.oʊ.pə'roʊ-] noun uncountable
■a disease which causes the bones to become weaker and easily broken 骨质疏松（症）
• Osteoporosis afflicts many older women. 许多老年妇女深受骨质疏松之苦。

Word: cost-effective
Front: cost-effective
['kɔ:stə'fektɪv] (-1)
Back: adj. 有成本效益的，划算的; 合算的（等于cost-efficient）
US [ˌkɑ:st-] adjective
■If an activity is cost-effective, it is good value for the amount of money paid 有成本效益的；物有所值的；合算的，划算的
• It wouldn't be cost-effective to buy an expensive new computer when all you want to do is word processing. 只为做文字处理而买台昂贵的新电脑并不划算。

Word: coin
Front: coin
[kɔɪn] (中高研四六托雅 4376/2964 -K1)
Vocabulary: coin
(once / 234 pages)
1n 2v
If you coin a phrase, that means you come up with a new way to say something, like the person who coined "webizens" to describe people who constantly use the Internet.
The verb coin literally refers to making coins, the change you probably have in your pocket. The word can be used in a broader sense — creating something new, usually something related to language. For example, you could coin a phrase or a new word for “joke.” The language authorities would be proud — unlike federal authorities if you tried to coin money. That kind of coining is a criminal offense.
WORD FAMILY
coin: coinage, coined, coiner, coining, coins+/coinage: coinages/coiner: coiners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christian Weiss, who supervises the coin and bank-note collection at the Swiss National Museum, said the Swiss favor cash even when traveling abroad.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Washington won the coin toss and chose to receive the opening kick.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The round £1 will be legal tender alongside the new, more-secure coin until October 15.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 硬币; 金属钱币; [建筑]拐角，墙角石
vt. 制造硬币; 杜撰; 创造
时态：coined, coining, coins
分布：硬币(87%)，硬币的(11%)，金钱(1%)，投币的(1%)
→词源同cone, cuneiform(楔形). 来自ak, 尖，刺，见acid, acumen. 最早指铸造货币的楔形模子，后指铸造的硬币及创造义。
n.硬币,货币v.铸造(硬币),创造(新词)I pointed out the joint on the coin at the disappointing appointment.在令人失望的约会上,我指出了硬币上的接头.
noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a small round piece of metal, usually silver or copper coloured, which is used as money 硬币；金属货币
• a 10p/ten pence coin 面值十便士的硬币
• a pound coin 面值一英镑的硬币
• a ten-cent coin 面值十分的硬币
• gold coins 金币
• I asked for ten pounds in 20p coins. 我要10英镑面值为20便士的硬币。
• That machine doesn't take 50p coins. 那台机器不收50便士的硬币。
uncountable
■money in the form of metal coins （统称）硬币
[kɔɪn] verb
INVENT 发明
transitive
■to invent a new word or expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first time 创造，杜撰（新词或新的表达方式）；首次使用（某一词语）
• Allen Ginsberg coined the term "flower power". 艾伦•金斯堡创造了 flower power（权力归花）这个说法。
[kɔɪn] verb
MONEY 钱
coining it (in) UK informal
■to be earning a lot of money quickly 轻易地赚大钱，发大财，暴富
[kɔɪn] verb
to coin a phrase humorous
■something you say before using an expression that has been very popular or used too much 套用一句流行的话；常言道；俗话说
• I was, to coin a phrase, gobsmacked! 套用一句老话，我简直目瞪口呆！
coin, cash, money, currency
这组词都有“(金)钱”的意思，其区别是：
coin: 指铸造的硬币。
cash: 特指立即可以兑现的现金或现款。
money: 钱的通称，可以是硬币可以是纸币，也可指用作货币的其它物品。
currency: 指在流通中的货币，是全部流通中通货的总称，也可指纸币。
vt. 铸造（货币）；杜撰，创造
 - invent, to create
n. 硬币，钱币
 - piece, specie

Word: dearly
Front: dearly
[ˈdɪəli] (10179/9912 -1)
Back: adv. 深深地; 昂贵地
分布：昂贵地(56%)，深深地(33%)，真挚地(11%)
US ['dɪr-] adverb
■very much 非常，很
• She will be dearly missed by her family and friends. 她的家人和朋友会非常想念她的。
• We would dearly love to sell our flat and move to the country. 我们非常想卖掉公寓搬到乡下去住。
UK ['dɪə.li] US ['dɪr-] adverb
■in a way that is expensive 高价地；昂贵地
• dearly priced 定价很高的
UK ['dɪə.li] US ['dɪr-] adverb
pay dearly
■to suffer a lot as a result of a particular action or event 付出很大代价
• If you refuse to cooperate with us, you will pay dearly for it. 如果你拒绝与我们合作，那么你将为此付出沉重代价。
adv. 深深地；昂贵地
 - deep, profoundly

Word: exemplary
Front: exemplary
[ɪgˈzempləri] (托宝 10187/11496 -1)
Vocabulary: exemplary
(once / 2064 pages)
adj
Exemplary people excel at what they do and are excellent examples to others. Something exemplary is so good that it is an example for others to follow.
When something is the best it can be or reaches the highest point, it is exemplary and thus worth imitating. Exemplary comes from the Latin exemplum, meaning "sample" or "example." While some people and things are held as examples of what not to do, an exemplary person or thing is always a positive example. A country can have an exemplary record of preventing pollution, and a person may have an exemplary reputation just for being all-around praiseworthy or noble.
WORD FAMILY
exemplary: exemplarily+/counterexample: counterexamples/ example: counterexample, examples, exemplary, exemplify, unexampled/exemplification: exemplifications/ exemplify: exemplification, exemplified, exemplifies, exemplifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Hidden Figures” is a film of calm and bright rage at the way things were—an exemplary reproach to the very notion of political nostalgia.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
But it is exemplary of a future that big companies are already imagining.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
For some, The Leap is a delight, a perfectly legal combination of exemplary teamwork and thrilling athleticism.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 典型的; 示范的; 惩戒性的
分布：模范的(63%)，可仿效的(37%)
【参】exemplar（n 模范；标本）；ex出，empl＝empt拿：拿的出手－模范。exemplify（vt 例证；作为…例子）
US [-plɚ.i] adjective
■very good and suitable to be copied by other people 优异的；值得仿效的；（可作）楷模的
• His tact was exemplary, especially considering the circumstances. 他的外交手腕堪称典范，尤其是考虑到当时的情形。
[before noun]
■describes a punishment that is severe and intended as a warning to others （处罚）惩戒性的
• The judge awarded exemplary damages. 法官判罚损害赔偿金，以儆效尤。
adj. 典范的；惩戒性的；可仿效的
 - emulable

Word: mapping
Front: mapping
[ˈmæpiŋ] (10164/9313)
Back: v. 映射，绘制…的地图，计划; 测图; 测绘
分布：绘图(89%)，动词map的现在分词形式.(11%)
N-COUNT
地图
A map is a drawing of a particular area such as a city, a country, or a continent, showing its main features as they would appear if you looked at them from above.
例：He unfolded the map and set it on the floor...他打开地图，放在了地板上。
例：Have you got a map of the city centre?你有市中心的地图吗？
N-COUNT
图;图谱
A map is a drawing that gives special information about an area.
例：...geological maps, books and atlases.地质图、书籍与地图册
例：...weather maps on television.电视上的气象图
VERB
绘制（某地区）的地图
To map an area means to make a map of it.
例：...a spacecraft which is using radar to map the surface of Venus.使用雷达绘制金星表面地图的宇宙飞船
例：...better mapping of the ocean floor.对海底地形的更精确绘制
PHRASE
使出名;使名扬四方
If you say that someone or something put a person, thing, or place on the map, you approve of the fact that they made it become well-known and important.
例：...the attempts of the Edinburgh Festival's organisers to put C.P. Taylor firmly on the map...爱丁堡艺术节的组织者们为使C.P.泰勒名扬四海所作的努力
例：This could put cider back on the map as one of our great national drinks.这样可以让苹果酒再度名扬四方，成为我们重要的国酒之一。
v. 绘图；筹划（map的ing形式）
 - cooking, plotting
n. 地图；绘图； [数] 映像
 - geographical map, drawn by

Word: euro
Front: euro
[ˈjʊərəʊ] (10207/8309 -K)
Vocabulary: euro
(once / 371 pages)
n
The currency of money in most countries that belong to the European Union is called the euro. If you buy a cup of coffee in France, it may cost three euros.
When you travel to most parts of Europe, you'll have to exchange your dollars for euros.Since 2002, most of the countries in the European Union switched from their individual currencies to the euro as a common unit of money. There are still several EU members that haven't adopted the euro, so you may also have to stock up on British pounds and Polish zlotys. Euro, coined in 1996, is short for European.
WORD FAMILY
euro: euros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those chosen will receive 560 euros every month, with no reporting requirements on how they spend it.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Those 2,000 unemployed chosen will receive 560 euros every month, with no reporting requirements on how they spend it.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As European stocks climbed, a rally in risk appetite also pushed down the yields on lower-rated government bonds in the euro zone to multi-week lows.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 欧元
分布：名词(54%)，形容词(46%)
→来自pan-European currency的缩写。
US ['jʊ.roʊ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the unit of money used in most European Union countries 欧元
• You can usually find a hotel for seventy euros a night. 你一般很容易找得到一家70欧元住一晚的饭店。
n. 欧元（欧盟的统一货币单位）
 - eur

Word: favorably
Front: favorably
['feɪvərəblɪ] (10196/-)
Back: adv. 顺利地，好意地，亲切地
分布：亲切地(40%)，好意地(30%)，=favourably.(15%)，赞同地(15%)
adv. 顺利地；亲切地；好意地
 - successfully, warmly

Word: gleam
Front: gleam
[gli:m] (六托雅宝 10208/9332 -2)
Vocabulary: gleam
(once / 171 pages)
nv
A gleam is a bright flash of light. If you were lost on a dark, stormy night, you'd be hugely relieved to see the gleam of a roadside diner's sign up ahead.
Use the verb gleam when something is shining as if it were wet or glinting with light. Your new toothpaste might make your teeth so white that they gleam. You can also describe an emotion that appears briefly as a gleam, like a gleam of hope. And as you hatch a plan to toilet-paper the neighbor's yard, mischief might gleam in your eyes.
WORD FAMILY
gleam: gleamed, gleaming, gleams+/ gleaming: gleamingly, gleamings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Here is a men’s clothing shop and art gallery in a small space with gleaming light wood floors.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The screen showed gleaming golden bubbles of fat that were surprisingly beautiful.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）闪烁，（使）闪亮
n. 闪光，闪亮; 闪现; 流露
时态：gleamed, gleaming, gleams
分布：微光(34%)，闪光(24%)，闪烁(23%)，闪现(14%)，隐约地闪现(5%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, glimmer.
【区】glean（v 拾落穗；收集）
verb intransitive
■to produce or reflect a small, bright light 发微光；闪烁；隐约闪光
• He polished the table until it gleamed. 他把桌子擦得光洁明亮。
■When eyes gleam, they shine in a way that expresses a particular emotion （眼睛）闪烁
• His eyes gleamed with/in triumph. 他眼中闪现出胜利的光芒。
[gli:m] noun countable usually singular
■when something gleams 闪烁；闪亮；闪现
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
n. 微光；闪光；瞬息的一现
 - glimmer, stroboflash
vi. 闪烁；隐约地闪现
 - spark, coruscate
vt. 使闪烁；使发微光
 - flicker

Word: three-day

Word: gait
Front: gait
[geɪt] (托宝 10206/15414 -1)
Vocabulary: gait
(once / 1007 pages)
n
Some people have a very distinct gait, or manner of walking or running, which allows you to recognize them from far away.
Walking with two legs is a pretty straightforward task, so most of us (with the exception of runners) don’t think about our own gait very often. However, when four legs are involved, the definition of gait becomes more complex. In horseback riding, gait is used to refer to the particular sequence or pattern of footsteps that the horse is using. Well-known gaits include the trot, the gallop, and the canter.
WORD FAMILY
gait: gaits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The old man walking shakily in the parking lot summoned an image of Semnani supporting his own mother’s wobbly gait during her last months.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Afterward, they examine patients with gait issues and assess their balance, stance and step.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The rest is left to Alec Baldwin: the puckered lips, a studied lumbering gait and a wariness of humanizing a man he reviles.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 步态，步法; [印，纺]花纹循环; （走，跑等的）速度
vt. 训练（马的）步法
分布：步态(86%)，步法(14%)
→来自ghe, 走，词源同go. 即走的姿势。
【记】拼：改他－改变他的步伐，因为他的步伐象猪一样。
noun countable formal
■a particular way of walking 步态；步履
• He walked with a slow stiff gait. 他走起路来步履缓慢而僵直。
■the particular way a horse walks or runs （马）奔跑或行走的方式
• The pony's gait slowed from a canter to a trot. 小跑着的小马放慢了速度。
n. 步法，步态
 - pace, footwork

Word: symmetry
Front: symmetry
[ˈsɪmətri] (研六托雅宝 10174/6743 -1)
Vocabulary: symmetry
(once / 989 pages)
n
Things that have symmetry are balanced, with each side reflecting the other. A human body has such complex symmetry, from eyes, ears, and nostrils to arms, legs, and feet, that even a minor injury can make a body look unbalanced.
Snowflakes and butterflies often have a remarkable natural symmetry, with patterns on one side matched by those on the other. Objects that have identical or very similar parts lying at equal distances from a central point or line or plane — that is, objects that have symmetry — often work better. Symmetry helps boats stay upright in water. In design, symmetry is a balancing of objects, as when two candlesticks on a fireplace mantel are at equal distances from the center of the mantel. A lack of symmetry — i.e., asymmetry — might mean putting both candlesticks together at one end of the mantel.
WORD FAMILY
symmetry: dissymmetry, supersymmetry, symmetric, symmetrical, symmetries, symmetrise, symmetrize+/symmetric: unsymmetric/ symmetrical: symmetrically, symmetricalness, unsymmetrical/symmetrise: symmetrised/symmetrize: symmetrized/unsymmetrical: unsymmetrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
If nothing else, the Rams’ lost season featured symmetry.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Students meet weekly with curators at museums throughout Boston to study concepts ranging from symmetry and texture to form and motion.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 对称; 对称美; 整齐，匀称
分布：匀称(79%)，整齐(21%)
→sym-,一起，一致，-metry,测量，词源同 meter,optometry.引申词义对称。
对称(sym+metry测量→两边测量一样→对称)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
对称;匀称(sym共同+metry→两过测量一样→对称)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
n.对称(性);匀称,整齐A swollen cheek spoiled the symmetry of his handsome face.一边肿的面颊破坏了他英俊脸庞的对称.
【记】sym＝same，me，try－我们共同在跷跷板两边努力－对称
【反】disproportion（n 不均衡；不对称）
noun uncountable
■the quality of having parts that match each other, especially in a way that is attractive, or similarity of shape or contents 对称（性）；匀称
• The design of the house had a pleasing symmetry, its oblong shape being picked up in its elongated windows. 房子的设计透出一种赏心悦目的对称美，狭长的窗户使长方形的结构显得更加和谐。
Compare asymmetry specialized
■in mathematics, the quality of having two parts that match exactly, either when one half is like an image of the other half in a mirror, or when one part can take the place of another if it is turned 90° or 180° （数学中的）对称（性）
n. 对称（性）；整齐，匀称
 - balance, regularity

Word: Colombian
Front: Colombian
[kə'lɒmbɪən] (10203/17207)
Back: n. 哥伦比亚人
adj. 哥伦比亚的
分布：哥伦比亚的(65%)，哥伦比亚人(26%)，哥伦比亚人的(9%)
noun countable adjective
■Colombian 哥伦比亚人／哥伦比亚的

Word: zeal
Front: zeal
[zi:l] (研四六托 10184/11139 -1)
Vocabulary: zeal
(once / 202 pages)
n
Zeal is dedication or enthusiasm for something. If you have zeal, you're willing, energized, and motivated.
Zeal is often used in a religious sense, meaning devotion to God or another religious cause, like being a missionary. Zeal doesn't have to be religious, though: a feeling of gusto and enthusiasm for anything can be called zeal. People have zeal for sports teams, bands, causes, and (often, but not always) their jobs. If you have passion for something, you have zeal, which is kind of a mix of eagerness and energy and devotion.
WORD FAMILY
zeal: zealous, zeals+/ overzealous: overzealously/ zealous: overzealous, zealousest, zealously
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the heart of this 1885 operetta by the librettist William Gilbert and the composer Arthur Sullivan is a satire skewering British bureaucratic zeal.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s about selling books, getting my message across, it’s about legacy,” said Kennedy, whose fiery zeal keeps her working full-time.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet Cambodians, mistrustful of the sincerity of these conversions, dismiss their newly adopted zeal for religious ideology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 热心; 热情; 奋发
分布：热情(76%)，热忱(24%)
→来自希腊语zelos,羡慕，竞争，热情，激情，来自ya,寻求，渴望，词源同jealous.
热心,一心一意[zeal=ardor,表示"热心"]
n.热心,热忱,热情He shows great zeal for knowledge.他表现出极大的求知热情.
【反】torpor（n 无感觉）；indifference（n 不关心）
noun [S or U]
■great enthusiasm or eagerness 热忱，热情；激情
• reforming/missionary/religious zeal 改革／传教士般的／宗教热情
• a zeal for money-making 赚钱的热情
enthusiasm, zeal
这组词都有“热情”的意思，其区别是：
enthusiasm: 侧重指比较理智的热情，如对人对事的钦佩或为了事业或目的等所表现出的追求与忠诚
zeal: 通常指为实现向往的事业或为达到所追求的目标而积极投身到实践活动中所表现出来的热情。
n. 热情；热心；热诚
 - passion, flame, fire, warmth, fervor

Word: rejoin
Front: rejoin
[ˌri:ˈdʒɔɪn] (宝 10185/8538 -1)
Back: vt. 重新加入; 重返; 再回答; 与…再会合
vi. 重新会合; 重新接合; 答辩，回答
时态：rejoined, rejoining, rejoins
分布：再加入(72%)，反驳(28%)
→re-,再，重新，join,连接，加入。rejoin 回答，反驳
再结合,重聚(re再+join→再连接)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
【记】re再，join（加入）－重新加入讨论－答辩；参考：enjoin（命令，吩咐）
verb
RETURN 返回 /ˌri:'dʒɔɪn] transitive
■to return to someone or something 重返；返回；与…再会合
• She rejoined her husband in Toronto, after her holiday in Paris. 去巴黎渡假后，她又回到了多伦多她丈夫身边。
verb
ANSWER QUICKLY 快速回答 /rɪ'dʒɔɪn/ [+ speech] formal
■to give a quick answer to what someone has said, in an angry or humorous way （以生气或诙谐的方式）回答，反驳
• "No, I do not have time to help you," he rejoined impatiently. “不，我没有时间帮你，”他不耐烦地回答道。
vi. 答辩；回答；重新聚合
 - reply, respond, answer

Word: locked
Front: locked
[lɔkt] (10214/9805 -2)
Back: adj. 上锁的; 不灵活的; 锁定的; 下定决心的
v. 锁住（ lock的过去式和过去分词）; 卡住，不动; 陷入; 卷入（困境、争论、争执等）
分布：锁定的(87%)，动词lock的过去式和过去分词形式.(13%)
ADJ
（冲突或战斗）纠缠不清的，僵持不下的
If you say that people are locked in conflict or in battle, you mean they are arguing or fighting in a fierce or determined way, and neither side seems likely to stop.
adj. [电] 上锁的；不灵活的；下定决心的
 - resolved

Word: resurrection
Front: resurrection
[ˌrezəˈrekʃn] (10219/8819 -1)
Vocabulary: resurrection
(once / 1422 pages)
n
Resurrection describes something that has been brought back to life — literally or figuratively. A zombie resurrection may occur in that scary movie you're watching, or a fashion designer may bring about the resurrection of the a-line skirt.
First used in the 13th century, the noun resurrection comes from the Latin word resurgere, meaning "rise again." It can refer literally to a rising from the dead, but you're more likely to hear the word describe something that's figuratively brought back to life — meaning, it's been revived after a time of inactivity or decline. If a pitcher who has been in a slump throws a perfect game, that could be considered a resurrection of his baseball career.
WORD FAMILY
resurrection: resurrections+/ resurrect: resurrected, resurrecting, resurrection, resurrects
USAGE EXAMPLES
These paintings are about death and resurrection and the shock of revelation.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
He captured its participation deficit – in stock market escalation, bank resurrections, and glorified reductions in headline unemployment figures.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
The resurrection of female intellectuals from obscurity is a preoccupation of Hustvedt’s.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>耶稣复活; 使复活者; 恢复使用; <宗>（最后审判日）所有死者的复活
adj. 复活的，复兴的
分布：复活(92%)，复兴(5%)，恢复(3%)
→来自拉丁语 resurgere,再升起，再举起，词源同 resurgent.-ct,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。引 申词义复兴，复活。
US [-ə'rek-] noun uncountable
■when something that had disappeared or ended is brought back into use or existence 复苏；复兴；恢复
n. 复活；恢复；复兴
 - recovery, restoration, retrieval, renewal, revival

Word: acoustic
Front: acoustic
[əˈku:stɪk] (宝 10194/9232 -2)
Vocabulary: acoustic
(once / 4244 pages)
1adj 2n
Acoustic means having to do with sound. In concert halls, acoustic panels direct the way sound moves. An audio engineer is trained in acoustic design for music recording.
If you prefer the softer sound of acoustic rock, it means you like rock played on acoustic instruments. These include the guitar, violin, 'cello, viola, or harp––anything really that does not rely on electrical amplification to be heard. If a room has good acoustics, it means sound travels clearly and consistently through the space, and it's good for concerts.
WORD FAMILY
acoustic: acoustical, acoustically, acoustician, acoustics +/acoustician: acousticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another highlight is described in the report as the “acoustics, size, and incredibly ‘authentic’ character of the church.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And so the first thing Maestro Palombella did was to electronically map the acoustic in the Sistine Chapel.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Well, how about the simple sound of an acoustic guitar in a crowded church?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 听觉的; 声学的; 原声的; 音响的
分布：听觉的(37%)，声音的(33%)，音响的(24%)，原声的(6%)
→来自词根acoust, 听，声音。
【记】acous读：我哭死，tic形容词后缀＝因哭而死的。这个问题值得讨论，据我了解，当一个人受到巨大打击（如：失恋）后，可以哭出一定的水平，比如频率很高，这就有可能导致声带破裂，甚至使旁人耳膜震裂，出血而死（比如：金毛狮王的狮子吼）。总之，这是一个有关声音的，听觉的问题。
adjective
■relating to sound or hearing 声音的；听觉的
• The microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical signals for transmission. 麦克风把声波转换成电信号进行传送。
■describes a musical instrument that is not made louder by electrical equipment （乐器）原声的，自然声的
• an acoustic guitar 原声吉他
[ə'ku:.stɪk] noun countable usually plural
■the way in which the structural characteristics of a building or room affect the qualities of musical or spoken sound （建筑物、房间的）传音效果，音响效果
• The concert was recorded in a French church that is famous for its acoustics. 这场音乐会是在一座以音响效果闻名的法国教堂内录制的。
adj. 声学的； [声] 音响的；听觉的
 - aural, auditive

Word: earthly
Front: earthly
[ˈɜ:θli] (宝 10176/11808 -1)
Vocabulary: earthly
(once / 293 pages)
adj
If you believe in an afterlife, you probably realize that making lots of money is only an earthly concern, and not something that matters in heaven.
Religious believers make the distinction between earthly problems and things that are far more important in the long term. Usually, these earthly worries have to do with material things, like jobs, money, cars, and houses — rather than spiritual concerns like love, faith, and beauty. The word earth is at the root of earthly, and you can think of it as "things that only matter to humans on the Earth."
WORD FAMILY
earthly: earthlier, earthliest, unearthly +/ earth: earthed, earthing, earthlike, earthling, earthly, earths, earthy, unearth / earthling: earthlings/ earthy: earthier, earthiest, earthily/ unearth: unearthed, unearthing, unearths/ unearthly: unearthlily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before Pilate, Jesus exposes the emptiness of earthly authority.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Did they want me to also renounce all earthly possessions and swaddle myself in rough linens?
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
They were more interested in the imminent return of Jesus than in his obscure earthly origins.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 地球的，地上的; 尘世的，世俗的; 可能的
分布：地球的(47%)，可能的(30%)，俗世的(23%)
【区】earthy（adj 泥土的；朴实的；粗俗的＝coarse＝unrefined）
US ['ɝ:θ-] adjective literary
■happening in or related to this world and this physical life, not in heaven or relating to a spiritual life 尘世的；人间的；世俗的
• his earthly existence 他的俗世尘缘
• earthly powers 世俗权力
■used in questions or negatives to mean possible （用于疑问句或否定句中）可能的，能想到的
• What earthly reason can she have for being so horrible to you? 她对你这么不友善，到底甚么原因？
adj. 地球的；尘世的；可能的
 - feasible, possible, potential

Word: decipher
Front: decipher
[dɪˈsaɪfə(r)] (雅宝 10186/14091 -1)
Vocabulary: decipher
(once / 1856 pages)
v
Decipher means translate from code, or more generally, figure out. If you can’t decipher your teacher's writing, it means you can't read it. You might feel like you're being asked to decipher a code.
During World War II, the Nazis used a machine called the Enigma to encode secret messages. An operator would type the message with a keyboard, which would activate a set of rotors, giving each letter a different value. The code was difficult for the Allies to crack, but eventually the code was deciphered by the British, hastening the end of the war.
WORD FAMILY
decipher: decipherable, deciphered, decipherer, deciphering, decipherment, deciphers+/ cipher: ciphered, ciphering, ciphers, decipher /decipherable: decipherably, indecipherable, undecipherable/deciphered: undeciphered/decipherer: decipherers/decipherment: decipherments/ indecipherable: indecipherably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deciphering who is ready to do what is difficult.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The data recorder will be transported to a military research facility near Moscow to be deciphered, it added.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The challenge now is for more controlled studies to decipher the nature of that signal.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 破译（密码）; 辨认（潦草字迹）; 解读; 解释（古代文学）
n. 密电译文
时态：deciphered, deciphering, deciphers
分布：辨认(60%)，译解(40%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。cipher, 密码。
【记】cipher（n 密码）
US [-fɚ] verb transitive
■to discover the meaning of something written badly or in a difficult or hidden way 辨认；破解，破译
• Can you decipher the writing on this envelope? 你能辨认出信封上的字吗？

Word: stressor
Front: stressor
['stresə] (10151/-)
Back: n. 紧张性刺激; 应激物
n. 紧张性刺激；光彩
 - splendor, gloss

Word: caravan
Front: caravan
[ˈkærəvæn] (10211/4819 -1)
Vocabulary: caravan
(once / 803 pages)
nv
A caravan is either a covered vehicle, like a wagon or a van, or a procession of vehicles. If you watch a parade with a long line of floats traveling one after another down the street, that's a caravan of floats.
The word caravan comes from the Persian karwan meaning "group of desert travelers." A caravan can be a large group of people traveling together in one long line. It's also the term used for a camper that has a living area in it. In history, pilgrims often traveled like this, lugging all of their belongings with them in caravans, or covered horse-drawn carriages. It's also a verb: caravan with your neighbors on a group road trip.
WORD FAMILY
caravan: caravaned, caravaning, caravanned, caravanning, caravans
USAGE EXAMPLES
When antagonists appear, they arrive in a caravan of police cars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“These trees and plants were once so important that caravans stopped to buy their products, either as oil or raw sap,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Perrantes’ parents and three younger brothers will caravan six hours from Los Angeles to Berkeley along with extended family and friends.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （可供居住的）拖车，大篷车; （穿过沙漠地带的）旅行队（如商队）; <英>活动住宅; <美>移民列车
vi. 乘拖车度假; 参加旅行队旅行
时态：caravanned, caravanning, caravans
分布：商队(95%)，大篷车；宿营车(5%)
→来自波斯语。
US ['ker-] noun countable
VEHICLE 车辆 UK (US trailer)
■a wheeled vehicle for living or travelling in, especially for holidays, which contains beds and cooking equipment and can be pulled by a car （尤指渡假时使用，由汽车拖曳的）宿营拖车，旅行拖车
■UK
■a painted wooden vehicle that is pulled by a horse and in which people live （居住用的）大篷车，有篷马车
• a gypsy caravan 吉普赛人的大篷车
UK ['kær.ə.væn] US ['ker-] noun countable
GROUP 团体
■a group of people with vehicles or animals who travel together for safety through a dangerous area, especially across a desert on camels （尤指骑骆驼穿越沙漠的）旅行队，车队
n. 大篷车；旅行队
 - circus wagon, schooner

Word: innate
Front: innate
[ɪˈneɪt] (六托宝 10178/10109 -1)
Vocabulary: innate
(once / 1325 pages)
adj
If a characteristic or ability is already present in a person or animal when they are born, it is innate. People have the innate ability to speak whereas animals do not.
Innate can also be used figuratively for something that comes from the mind rather than from external sources. Do you know someone with an innate sense of style? Some kids seem to have an innate sense of fairness where others seem to be natural bullies. In some contexts, innate means inherent. There is an innate sadness in certain types of ceremonies.
WORD FAMILY
innate: innately, innateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the capable inner circle he is assembling, and his innate political skills, Mr. Trump will learn that the presidency is a forlorn place.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Kipnis said he did the experiment that led to the discovery “on a whim” after reading about type 2 innate lymphocytes in another paper.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There must be some predisposition toward the "doorway" end of the spectrum along with the serendipity of the life experience that nurtures these innate impulses.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Back: adj. 天生的; 特有的，固有的; 内在的，直觉的
分布：天生的(65%)，固有的(35%)
→in-,进入，使，-nat,出生，词源同natal,native.即出生就有的，天生的。
生来的;天然的(in进+nate→与出生一起进来)[nat=born,表示"出生的"]
生来的,天赋的(in在...内+nate出生)"[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】in里面，nate出生－出生时就在身体里面的－天生的inn（n 小旅馆），ate吃：在inn里吃饭是一些人的固有的本性。
【参】natality（n 出生率；出生）
adjective
■An innate quality or ability is one that you were born with, not one you have learned 天生的，固有的
• Cyril's most impressive quality was his innate goodness. 西里尔给人印象最深的品质是他天生的善良。
adj. [医] 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的
 - inherent, native, intrinsic, congenital

Word: upright
Front: upright
[ˈʌpraɪt] (研四六托雅宝 7488/6573 -2)
Vocabulary: upright
(once / 303 pages)
adjn
Something that's upright stands straight up. When you sit upright, your back is straight and vertical. Even your grandmother would approve of your posture.
Most cars have seats that can fold forward or lean back, and then snap upright, back into a normal sitting position; and when you're in class, you're usually expected to sit upright, facing your teacher at the front of the room. Another way to use upright is to mean "upstanding" or "trustworthy," so if your friend finds a wallet full of money and returns it to its owner, you can call her an upright citizen.
WORD FAMILY
upright: semi-upright, uprightly, uprightness, uprights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sitting bolt upright, laboring to breathe, was the poet Robert Lowell.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A motor causes the thin, upright metal rods of Mike Shaffer’s “Ocean Motion” to jiggle and sway.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Every time I ran past her old upright piano, I would slam all the keys at the same time.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 直立的; 垂直的; 正直的; 诚实的
adv. 垂直[竖立]地
n. （支撑用的）直柱，立放构件
分布：正直的(36%)，垂直(21%)，直立的(19%)，垂直的(11%)，竖立(7%)，垂直地(4%)，竖钢琴(2%)
→up,向上，right, 直的，词源同regulate, erect.
a.垂直的,直立的;正直的,诚实的ad.竖立着The bright fighter is frightened and flies upright in straight line from the right.那架明亮的战斗机受到惊吓后呈直线地从右边垂直飞起来.
【反】list（n 倾斜）
adjective
STRAIGHT 直的
 ADVANCED
■straight up or vertical 直立的；挺直的
• Please return your seat to an upright position and fasten your belt. 请把坐椅恢复到竖直位置并系好安全带。
■describes something which is taller than it is wide 竖的；立式的
• an upright freezer/vacuum cleaner 立式冰箱／吸尘器
['ʌp.raɪt] adjective
MORAL 道德上的 approving
■honest, responsible and moral 诚实的；负责的；正直的
• She behaved as any upright citizen would have under the circumstances. 她在这种情况下的做法和所有正直公民一样。
['ʌp.raɪt] adverb
■vertical and as straight as possible 挺直地，直立地
• to sit/stand upright 坐直／站直
• The sound of breaking glass made her sit bolt upright (= sit with her back straight). 听到玻璃破碎的声音她一下子坐直了起来。
['ʌp.raɪt] noun countable
■a vertical part of something that supports other parts （起支撑作用的）直柱，立柱，直立部分
• Firmly secure the two uprights to opposite walls in the alcove and then slot the shelves in between them. 先在两边墙壁的凹处固定住两根柱子，然后把搁板插进去装好。
UK informal for * goalpost
■(also upright piano)
■a piano in which the strings are vertical 立式钢琴 Compare grand piano
upright, vertical, erect, perpendicular, plumb
这组词都有“垂直的、竖式的”的意思，其区别是：
upright: 普通用词，指竖立、笔直而不是倾斜、倒塌的。
vertical: 指与平面、水平线或基线成直角或几乎成直角向上延伸至顶点的物体。也可指呈直线上升或下降的。
erect: 指笔直挺拔，而非倾斜、佝偻、弯曲或倒塌的。
perpendicular: 指与水平线形成90度的线或面，或朝垂直方面延伸的，尤指向下的急剧运动。
plumb: 建筑上用词，凭锤球评判某物是否完全垂直。
adj. 正直的，诚实的；垂直的，直立的；笔直的；合乎正道的
 - honest, vertical, straight, standing, square
n. 垂直；竖立
 - verticalness, perpendicularity

Word: finalist
Front: finalist
[ˈfaɪnəlɪst] (10177/12938)
Vocabulary: finalist
(once / 4548 pages)
n
A finalist is a competitor who reaches the final game, match, or tournament. If your favorite sports team wins in the semi-finals, it means they're a finalist in the last game.
A spelling bee finalist is likely to face some really tricky words, and a finalist in a pie-eating contest must be unbelievably good at quick chewing and swallowing. If you don't expect to win even one game in a chess competition, you'll be shocked to find yourself a finalist. An earlier meaning of the word was "one who believes the end has been reached."
WORD FAMILY
finalist: finalists+/ final: finalise, finalist, finality, finalize, finally, finals, semifinal/finalise: finalisation, finalised/ finality: finalities/ finalize: finalization, finalized, finalizes, finalizing/semifinal: semifinalist, semifinals/semifinalist: semifinalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arts in Action was one of ten nonprofits recently selected nationally as finalists for BB&T’s “Shine a Light” contest.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The book was one of three finalists for the Pulitzer in biography in 2007.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rickey Smith, an “American Idol” finalist was killed in an automobile crash in Oklahoma City.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 决赛选手，决赛队
分布：参加决赛者(100%)
决赛选手(final最后的+ist)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
noun countable
■a person or group competing in a final 入围决赛者，决赛选手

Word: obsessive
Front: obsessive
[əbˈsesɪv] (10199/11469 -1)
Vocabulary: obsessive
(once / 6000 pages)
adjn
If you rush to the carwash every time a speck of dust lands on your fender, your friends probably describe you as obsessive about keeping your car clean. In other words, you care way too much about your car's cleanliness.
Whenever someone is wild about something to an alarming or unnatural extent, you can say they're obsessive. If you go berserk when your neighbor’s soccer ball lands in your flowerbed, your neighbors might think you’re obsessive about your garden. If there’s a person you think about every moment, night and day, you may be obsessive, or maybe you’re just in love.
WORD FAMILY
obsessive: obsessively, obsessiveness, obsessives, obsessivity+/ obsess: obsessed, obsesses, obsessing, obsession, obsessive / obsession: obsessional, obsessions/obsessional: obsessionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
His obsessive attention to detail does not always bear fruit, of course.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The mother is a singular star to her baby, whose gaze follows her around the room with the watchfulness of an obsessive fan.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some people think I’m obsessive, and I suppose I am.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 着迷的; 急迫的; 强迫性的; 难以释怀的
n. 强迫症患者
分布：强迫性的(44%)，着迷的(30%)，困扰的(26%)
→来自obsess,着魔，痴迷。
adjective (also obsessional)
■thinking about something or someone, or doing something, too much or all the time 困扰；无法摆脱的念头；念念不忘的事（或人）
• He's obsessive about punctuality. 他过分讲究准时。
■like, typical of, or caused by an obsession 迷恋的；着迷的
• obsessive secrecy 过分的遮遮掩掩
• obsessional behaviour 痴迷的行为
[əb'ses.ɪv] noun countable specialized
■an obsessive person 强迫症患者
adj. 强迫性的；着迷的；分神的
 - crazy, mad

Word: sincerely
Front: sincerely
[sɪnˈsɪəli] (高 10201/5343 -K1)
Vocabulary: sincerely
(once / 540 pages)
adv
Sincerely is one way of signing off on a letter you’ve written, and it’s also an adverb you’d use when you want to emphasize how much you really mean it. I sincerely hope you understand what I’m talking about.
Sincerity means being completely honest about what you mean, and only those who have sincerity should use the related word sincerely to describe their actions. If you sincerely want to swim in a lake, you’re not at all joking, which explains your bathing suit. You can use sincerely at the end of a letter too. “Dear Mom, I sincerely wish you would stop cutting my sandwiches into heart shapes. Sincerely yours, Kurt.” No doubt, Kurt sincerely means it.
WORD FAMILY
sincere: insincere, sincerely, sincerer, sincerest, sincerity +/ insincere: insincerely, insincerest, insincerity / insincerity: insincerities/ sincerity: sincerities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Does he sincerely not remember all the times Russian hacking was discussed—all the times he himself discussed the hacks—before the election?
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
“I got close enough to him that I am convinced that he sincerely cared about solving that vicious murder and lynching of an African American.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
But to be honest, I sincerely doubt that you see anything more than what you want to see.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 真诚地; 诚恳地; 谆
分布：真诚地(86%)，真心地(14%)
→sincere,真诚的，真挚的，-ly,副词后缀。
US [-'sɪr-] adverb
■honestly and without pretending or lying 真诚地，诚实地
• I'm sincerely grateful. 我衷心地感谢。
(Yours) sincerely (US also Sincerely yours)
■used to end a formal letter which is sent to a particular person 谨启（用于信的结尾）
UK [sɪn'sɪə.li] US [-'sɪr-] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  sincerelyWarning: Check your spelling! Sincerely is one of the 50 words most often spelled wrongly by learners.
UK [sɪn'sɪə.li] US [-'sɪr-] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  sincerelyRemember: a formal letter should end with Yours sincerely or Yours faithfully. If the letter begins with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam', don't write 'Yours sincerely', write Yours faithfully.
adv. 真诚地；由衷地，诚恳地
 - truly, frankly, honestly, genuinely

Word: perverse
Front: perverse
[pəˈvɜ:s] (雅宝 10193/9523 -1)
Vocabulary: perverse
(once / 866 pages)
adj
Something that's perverse is deviant — it's not completely acceptable, and it may be even a little strange. Your perverse sense of humor probably makes some of your friends laugh while others just look uncomfortable.
Something perverse is unusual, possibly somewhat weird, and even immoral, like that time the odd kid in class announced that a love poem was really all about lovingly poisoning squirrels and no one sat next to him for a week afterwards. That kid's perspective was perverse. Perverse can also mean "stubbornly contradictory" or "perverted." The word originally meant "wicked," from the Latin perversus,"turned away or askew," and figuratively, "turned away from what is right."
WORD FAMILY
perverse: perversely, perverseness, perversest, perversity+/perverseness: perversenesses/perversity: perversities
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the result is great literature, it would be perverse to judge hearing voices an aberration requiring treatment rather than a precious gift.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Something is awfully perverse with a system in which a candidate who loses the popular vote by nearly 3 million votes gets to become president.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
If the term “German comedy” sounds like a contradiction in terms, then “German comedy set in Romania” might strike you as downright perverse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不正当的，堕落的; 执拗的，刚愎的; 故意作对的; 有悖常情的
级别：perverser, perversest
分布：故意作对的(43%)，任性的(26%)，有悖常理的(21%)，固执错误的(10%)
→来自pervert,使颠倒，-s,过去分词格。引申词义任性的，变态的等。
性情乖张的(per全部+vers+e→和大家[反着]转→乖张的)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
【记】per全部，verse转－全部与别人反着转－堕落的
【参】adversary（n 对手）；pervert（v 反常；使堕落）
US [pɚ'vɝ:s] disapproving
adjective
■strange and not what most people would expect or enjoy 有悖常理的；任性的
• Jack was being perverse and refusing to agree with anything we said. 杰克一意孤行，我们说甚么他都反对。
• She took a perverse pleasure in hearing that her sister was getting divorced. 有悖常理的是，她听说她妹妹要离婚时竟幸灾乐祸。
adj. 堕落的，不正当的；倔强的；违反常情的
 - fallen, vicious

Word: handmade
Front: handmade
[ˌhændˈmeɪd] (10222/20068 -1)
Vocabulary: handmade
(once / 11843 pages)
adj
Something that's handmade wasn't made by a machine, but formed, built, or constructed by an actual person. A handmade sweater from your grandma is one she knit herself.
Handmade items can look awkward and inexpertly constructed, but just as often they're more beautiful and special than their machine-made counterparts. Handmade pottery is unique, each bowl or mug looking slightly different since they're made and glazed individually, by hand. A handmade birthday card from a young relative is charming in a way its Hallmark equivalent could never be. Handmade comes from the sense of "made by hand."
WORD FAMILY
handmade
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each resident received handmade cards and hug from students.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other elements this wave brings: Chinoiserie, ornate historic motifs, florals, organic patterns and the handmade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
At the end of their afternoon in the lab, they got to light their handmade wands and watch them flare.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 手工做的
n. 手工制品
分布：手工制作的(100%)
adjective
■made using the hands rather than a machine 手工制造的
• handmade chocolates/paper/shoes 手工巧克力／工艺纸／鞋
adj. 手工的；手制的
 - manual, mechanic

Word: electronically
Front: electronically
[ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪkli] (10188/14715)
Back: adv. 电子地
分布：电子地(75%)，通过电子手段(25%)
ADJ
电子的
An electronic device has transistors or silicon chips which control and change the electric current passing through the device.
例：...expensive electronic equipment.昂贵的电子设备
ADJ
电子化的;使用电子装置的
An electronic process or activity involves the use of electronic devices.
例：...electronic surveillance.电子监控
例：...electronic music.电子音乐

Word: subsistence
Front: subsistence
[səbˈsɪstəns] (托宝 10237/9101 -1)
Vocabulary: subsistence
(once / 1035 pages)
n
Subsistence means the minimal resources that are necessary for survival. If you work for subsistence, you'll probably receive food, water, and lodging (internet access not included).
Subsistence can be used in a variety of subtly different ways. In addition to referring to necessities for survival, it can indicate one's means of obtaining those necessities (usually a job). And if you feel like getting philosophical, subsistence can refer to the very act of existence itself.
WORD FAMILY
subsistence: subsistences+/ subsist: subsisted, subsistence, subsister, subsisting, subsists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Environmental groups oppose the mine, as do many native residents who rely on the fish as a subsistence food.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
Warfare, forced relocations, slavery, suppression of traditional subsistence activities, and the dismantling of social structures and cultural practices all contributed substantially to depopulation.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
It also suggests that halfway houses stop charging residents 25 percent of their income for subsistence fees.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 存活，生存; 生计，维生之道
分布：生存(74%)，生计(16%)，存在(10%)
→subsist,维持生活，度日，-ence,名词后缀。
生存,生计(subsist+ence)[sist=stand表示"站立"]
[səb'sɪs.tənts] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of having what you need in order to stay alive, but no more 赖以维持生活的东西；生计
• The money is intended to provide a basic subsistence and should not be paid to someone who receives other income. 这些钱旨在提供基本生活必需品，不应发放给有其他收入来源的人。
• The family were living at subsistence level. 这家人过着勉强糊口的生活。
■enough money or food to keep yourself alive 生计，生活需用（有足够的钱或粮食维持生活）
n. 生活；生存；存在
 - life, existence, presence, entity, living

Word: fragmented
Front: fragmented
[fræɡˈmentid,ˈfræɡməntid] (10227/9653)
Back: adj. 成碎片的，片断的
分布：成碎片的(60%)，片断的(40%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■consisting of several separate parts 支离破碎的，分裂的
• In this increasingly fragmented society, a sense of community is a thing of the past. 在这个日益分崩离析的社会中，归属感已经一去不复返了。
• The President has only held onto power because the opposition is so fragmented. 总统尚能掌权是因为反对派四分五裂。
adj. 片断的；成碎片的
 - bitty

Word: babe
Front: babe
[beɪb] (8951/11831 -1)
Back: n. 婴儿; <俚>姑娘; 天真幼稚的人
分布：小孩(78%)，不知世故的人(22%)
noun countable literary
■a small baby 婴儿，婴孩
• a newborn babe 新生儿
■informal
■a word you can use when you are talking to your wife, husband, lover, etc. 宝贝（对妻子、丈夫、情人等的称呼）
• It's up to you, babe. I'll do whatever you say. 宝贝，你来决定吧。你说甚么我就做甚么。
■informal
■a sexually attractive young person 有魅力的年轻人
• He's a total babe. 他可真是个小帅哥。
n. 婴儿，小孩；女孩；天真幼稚的人
 - girl, baby, infant, kid

Word: legion
Front: legion
[ˈli:dʒən] (托宝 10204/6926 -1)
Vocabulary: legion
(once / 486 pages)
nadj
A legion is a horde or a large number of people or things. It was originally a term for a military unit.
In Roman times, a legion was a large unit of men in the army, and the word is still used in many militaries. However, it also means a whole bunch of people doing anything. If someone has many fans, you can say legion of fans or legions of fans, but either way, that's a lot of fans. There are legions of stars in the sky. When you see legion, you can be sure there's an awful lot of something.
WORD FAMILY
legion: legions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blumenthal will discuss the issue at a Tuesday press conference at the American Legion Post 96 in Hartford.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the 1980s and 1990s, he played Santa Claus at American Legion Christmas parties in Silver Spring.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s been a tough year for the Legion, Salvation Army and others trying to meet fundraising targets.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 大批部队; 众多，大量; 古罗马军团
adj. 众多的; 大量的
分布：军团(92%)，众多的人(4%)，很多的(4%)
→来自拉丁语legere,选出，收集，词源同collect,colleague.引申词义军团。
【记】leg腿，ion离子一腿象离子一样多一古罗马兵团
【反】lack in number（数量少）
noun countable
SOLDIERS 士兵
■a large group of soldiers who form a part of an army, especially the ancient Roman army （尤指古罗马的）军团
• Caesar's legions marched through France and crossed into Britain. 凯撒的军团穿过法国进入英国。
['li:.dʒən] noun countable
MANY 许多
legions of sb
■large numbers of people 大批的（人）
• He failed to turn up for the concert, disappointing the legions of fans waiting outside. 他没有在音乐会上露面，这让等在场外的众多歌迷感到非常失望。
['li:.dʒən] adjective [after verb] formal
■very large in number 大量的，众多的
• The difficulties surrounding the court case are legion. 这个庭审案件困难重重。
n. （古罗马）军团；众多；军队
 - force, mass, battalion
adj. 众多的；大量的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, vast

Word: proficiency
Front: proficiency
[prə'fɪʃnsɪ] (研六托雅 10195/15072)
Vocabulary: proficiency
(once / 3108 pages)
n
If you have proficiency with something, you are pretty good at it. If you have proficiency with Spanish, you can understand and communicate well in that language.
Proficiency, pronounced "pro-FISH-en-cee," comes from the Latin word proficere, meaning "accomplish, make progress, be useful." If you have achieved proficiency is something, you have done well at gaining a skill. However, having proficiency doesn't make you an expert. Still, proficiency is something to be proud of — it means you have worked hard, and if you keep going, you probably will become an expert.
WORD FAMILY
proficiency: proficiencies+/ proficient: proficiency, proficiently
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project also seeks to correlate those outcomes with 123 social and economic factors such as government spending, proficiency in reading and rates of incarceration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
California began awarding high school graduates who demonstrate proficiency in another language the state seal in 2012.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather than tell barefaced lies, Moscow should perhaps boast – and warn the world – of its new-found proficiency.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 熟练，精通，娴熟
分布：熟练(74%)，精通(26%)
精通,熟练(pro+fic+inecy)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.(in)熟练,精通He made little proficiency in literary accomplishments.他在文学方面成就不多.
N-UNCOUNT
熟练；精通
If you show proficiency in something, you show ability or skill at it.
例：Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirement.英语基本熟练是入学条件之一。
n. 精通，熟练
 - proficient in, conversancy

Word: deplete
Front: deplete
[dɪˈpli:t] (托雅宝 10191/11772 -2)
Vocabulary: deplete
(once / 2533 pages)
v
To deplete is to use up or consume a limited resource. Visiting relatives might deplete your refrigerator of food, or a pestering friend might deplete your patience.
The verb deplete is used like “to drain.” A long, exhausting day can deplete your body of energy and a summer drought can deplete a region’s water supply. If you deplete your body of hydration after a lot of exercise, be sure to replete yourself with a nice glass of water.
WORD FAMILY
deplete: depletable, depleted, depletes, depleting, depletion +/ depletion: depletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was an energy source in a depleted world.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Things only got worse with a depleted roster hurt by years of bad drafting and the lack of impact free agents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then expenditures began swamping revenues in 2014, and by the end of 2015, all of the foundation’s assets were depleted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 耗尽，用尽; 使枯竭; [医]减液，放血
vi. 耗尽; 减少，损耗
时态：depleted, depleting, depletes
分布：耗尽(95%)，使空竭(5%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-ple, 满的，词源同full, complete. 即把满的倒空，耗尽。
【记】de反，plete填满一反填满一倒空
【参】replete（adj 充满的）；plentiful（adj 大量的）；depletion（n 耗尽）
【反】enrich（vt 使富足；装饰）
verb transitive
■to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc. 消耗；耗费；减少
• If we continue to deplete the Earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment. 如果继续耗费地球的自然资源，我们将对环境造成严重的破坏。
• The illness depletes the body of important vitamins. 这种疾病能消耗人体中重要的维他命。
• humorous That last holiday has seriously depleted my bank account! 上次渡假花掉了我银行帐户里的一大笔钱！
vt. 耗尽，用尽；使衰竭，使空虚
 - spend, exhaust

Word: rhyme
Front: rhyme
[raɪm] (高宝 10200/8663 -1)
Vocabulary: rhyme
(once / 428 pages)
nv
A rhyme is when the ending sounds of two words sound alike — like "mouse" and "house" or "complain" and "sustain." If you have a knack for rhyme, you might have a bright future as a poet.
“True wit is nature to advantage dress'd; / What oft was thought, but ne'er so well express'd”: lines of rhyme written by English poet Alexander Pope. The way “dress’d” and “express’d” sound, that’s rhyme. Rhyme shares the same Latin root as rhythm, and poetry that rhymes does have a rhythm to it, like in a song. Rhyme is a noun for similar sounds or a poem that uses rhyme, and it’s also a verb, like saying, “What rhymes with orange?”
WORD FAMILY
rhyme: rhymed, rhymeless, rhymer, rhymes, rhymester, rhyming+/rhymed: unrhymed/rhymer: rhymers/rhymester: rhymesters/rhyming: rhymingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Your poem isn’t required to rhyme, but in the 14 previous times we did this contest, almost all the inking entries did.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A look back at the highs — and lows — in 2016 cinema, in couplet rhyme.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While it would be foolhardy to say history will repeat itself, I am reminded of the quip that it often rhymes.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 韵脚; 韵文; 押韵词
v. 押韵; 作押韵诗
时态：rhymed, rhyming, rhymes
分布：韵(65%)，押韵(25%)，韵文(8%)，用韵诗表达(2%)
→来自古法语 rime,同韵，押韵，词源同 rhythm,后拼写受 rhythm 影响俗化。
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■Words which rhyme have the same last sound 押韵；成韵；和…同韵
• 'Blue' and 'flew' rhyme. blue 和 flew 押韵。
• Can you think of a word that rhymes with 'orange'? 你能想出一个和 orange 押韵的词吗？
[raɪm] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■a word which has the same last sound as another word 押韵词；同韵词
• Can you think of a rhyme for 'orange'? 你能想出一个和 orange 押韵的词吗？
 ADVANCED countable
■a short poem, especially for young children 押韵诗；（尤指）儿歌
• a book of rhymes and songs 一本押韵诗和歌曲集
⇒ See also nursery rhyme
uncountable
■the use of rhymes in poetry 在诗中应用同韵词；押韵
• This poem is her first attempt at rhyme. 这首诗是她第一次尝试写的押韵诗。
in rhyme
■written as a poem so that the word at the end of a line has the same last sound as a word at the end of another line （诗歌）押韵
• A lot of modern poetry is not written in rhyme. 很多现代诗不押韵。
[raɪm] noun
be no / without rhyme or reason
■to be without any obvious reasonable explanation 毫无道理；莫名其妙
• Government money was given out to some people and not to others, apparently without rhyme or reason. 政府的钱发给一些人，而不给另外一些人，这样做显然毫无道理可言。
• There is no rhyme or reason to her behaviour. 她的行为反复无常。
n. 韵律；韵脚；韵文；押韵词
 - rhythm, meter
vt. 使押韵；用韵诗表达；把…写作诗
 - jingle
vi. 押韵；作押韵诗
 - jingle

Word: coronary
Front: coronary
[ˈkɒrənri] (10198/9179 -1)
Vocabulary: coronary
(once / 7355 pages)
adjn
In medical terminology, coronary refers to the protective ring of blood vessels surrounding the heart and supplying it with oxygen and other nutrients.
Coronary is generally used as a short term for coronary thrombosis, in other words a heart attack. Thrombosis is the act of those vessels clogging up. So cut back on the French fries and hit that exercise bike. The term coronary comes from the Latin word corona for crown, meaning king. In medieval times it was the duty of the curuner to protect the local interests of the crown, and so the term coronary was later developed by doctors to describe the way the blood vessels around the heart protected it.
WORD FAMILY
coronary: coronaries+/corona: coronae, coronary, coronas
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also suffer higher mortality rates and increased risk of depression, cognitive decline and illnesses like coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
For the last decade, we’ve been able to identify specific genes that are linked to coronary artery disease.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
He developed coronary artery disease, diabetes, breathing disorders and other health problems, court records show.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 冠的，花冠的，冠状的; 冠状动脉或静脉的
n. 冠状动脉; （病理学）冠状动脉血栓形成
分布：冠状动脉或静脉的(100%)
→词源同corolla, 花冠。解剖学术语，因心脏上面的血管形似花冠而得名。
US ['kɔ:r.ə.ner-] noun countable (specialized coronary thrombosis)
■an extremely dangerous medical condition in which the flow of blood to the heart is blocked by a blood clot (= a mass of blood) 冠状动脉血栓形成
• He's in hospital after having a coronary last week. 上星期他因冠状动脉血栓住进了医院。
UK ['kɒr.ən.ər.i] US ['kɔ:r.ə.ner-] adjective specialized
■relating to the arteries (= thick tubes) that supply blood to the muscles of the heart 动脉的，冠状动脉的
• Regular exercise reduces the risk of coronary heart disease. 经常锻炼身体能减少患冠心病的危险。
adj. 冠的；冠状的；花冠的
 - cristated

Word: shattered
Front: shattered
[ˈʃætəd] (宝 10190/9672 -2)
Back: adj. 破碎的; 极度疲劳的
v. 打碎; 破坏，损坏; 使心烦意乱(shatter的过去分词)
分布：砸碎的(25%)，动词shatter的过去式和过去分词.(25%)，疲惫不堪的(25%)，垮掉的(25%)
US ['ʃætˌ.ɚd] adjective
BROKEN 破碎的
■broken into very small pieces 破碎的，打碎的
• Shattered glass lay all over the road. 路上到处都是碎玻璃片。
■extremely upset 极难过的
• The family were shattered at the news of Annabel's suicide. 得知安娜贝尔自杀的消息，全家人都悲痛欲绝。
UK ['ʃæt.əd] US ['ʃætˌ.ɚd] adjective
TIRED 疲劳的 UK informal
■extremely tired 极度疲劳的
• By the time I got home, I was shattered. 我到家的时候，已经筋疲力尽了。
adj. 破碎的；极度疲劳的
 - broken, smashed
v. 打碎；削弱；使心烦意乱（shatter的过去分词）
 - broken, lowered

Word: evangelical
Front: evangelical
[ˌi:vænˈdʒelɪkl] (6254/10522 -1)
Vocabulary: evangelical
(once / 1377 pages)
1adj 2adj
Evangelical is a word to describe anyone who is super enthusiastic about something. You might meet an evangelical Christian or an evangelical cheerleader, or even an evangelical Christian cheerleader.
Evangelical is an adjective originally used to describe a relationship to a particular school of Protestantism. More generally, evangelical is used to describe a strict belief in the Christian gospel and an emphasis on personal conversion to Christianity. Outside of church, the adjective evangelical can describe someone who is an extremely enthusiastic or zealous about a particular cause. An evangelical supporter of something will speak passionately and try very hard to get you to convert to their cause.
WORD FAMILY
evangelical: evangelicalism, evangelically+/evangel: evangelical, evangels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although Brazil is largely Roman Catholic, the evangelical community now accounts for one-fifth of the population of around 200 million.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She helped orchestrate his meeting with hundreds of evangelical leaders in June and is now chair of his evangelical advisory board.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The first is small churches, often Pentecostal and Evangelical.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 福音的，福音派教会的; 新教会的; 衷于传道的
n. 福音派信徒
分布：新教会的(60%)，信福音主义者(40%)
adjective
RELIGION 宗教
■belonging to one of the Protestant Churches or Christian groups which believe the teaching of the Bible and persuading other people to join them to be extremely important 基督教福音派的
• the Evangelical movement 福音派宗教运动
[ˌi:.væn'dʒel.ɪ.kəl] adjective
OPINIONS 观点
■having very strong beliefs and often trying to persuade other people to have the same beliefs （信仰上）狂热的；热衷传播自己观点的
• Why is it that people who've given up smoking become so evangelical and intolerant of other smokers? 为甚么戒了烟的人会变得如此热衷于规劝别人戒烟，而且不能容忍别人抽烟呢？

Word: offshore
Front: offshore
[ˌɒfˈʃɔ:(r)] (高托雅 7765/7349 -2)
Vocabulary: offshore
(once / 1114 pages)
adjadv
Anything offshore happens out at sea — and when you're talking about the wind, offshore means it's blowing toward the land.
During your Caribbean vacation, you might paddle out to an offshore sandbar, a raised area away from the beach. You could also put on fins and a snorkel and check out some offshore coral reefs. Offshore breezes bring cooler air to the coast, and offshore drilling is a method of seeking out underwater oil and gas. If someone has an "offshore bank account," it means they keep their money in a foreign country — probably to avoid paying taxes on it.
WORD FAMILY
offshore: offshores
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government will also be able to publicly name culprits who enable tax evasion or help move money offshore.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The World Bank is tracking the offshore money of leaders toppled during the Arab Spring, including those of Egypt, Libya and Tunisia.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fewer Australians are against immigration than in years past, and more are pushing the government to find a solution to the offshore detention crisis.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 离开海岸的; 近海的; 海外的，国外的
adv. （指风）向海的，离岸的
分布：近海的(43%)，海外的(21%)，离岸的(18%)，离岸地(10%)，近海地(8%)
→off,离开，shore,岸边。用于经济学术语离岸的。
US [ˌɑ:f'ʃɔ:r] adjective adverb
■away from or at a distance from the coast 在海上（的）；近海（的）；离岸（的）
• offshore engineering 近海工程
• an offshore breeze 习习陆风
• The wind was blowing offshore. 风吹向海面。
UK [ˌɒf'ʃɔ:r] US [ˌɑ:f'ʃɔ:r] adjective
■(of companies and banks) based in a different country with different tax rules that cost them less money （公司或银行）境外的，海外的
• offshore banking/funds 境外银行业务／基金
Compare onshore
adj. 离岸的； [海洋] 近海的；吹向海面的
 - paralic
adv. [海洋] 向海面，向海
 - seaward

Word: martini

Word: unresolved
Front: unresolved
[ˌʌnrɪˈzɒlvd] (10212/11614 -1)
Vocabulary: unresolved
(once / 6998 pages)
1adj 2adj
The word unresolved may describe an argument that has not been solved, a question that remains unanswered, or a decision that not been made — like the title of "Checkers Champion" after a tie game.
The word unresolved is used for a situation that lacks a resolution, or ending. It can also describe unaddressed emotions, such as anger or sadness, as in the unresolved issues you have toward your hamster ever since it bit your finger. The word unresolved can also be used to describe musical dissonance — if you hear a chord in a symphony that makes you think the song isn’t over, the chord is probably unresolved.
WORD FAMILY
resolved: resolvedly, unresolved +/irresolution: irresolutions/ resolution: irresolution, resolutions/resolvable: unresolvable/ resolve: resolution, resolvable, resolved, resolvent, resolves, resolving/resolvent: resolvents/resolving: resolvings
USAGE EXAMPLES
One point that remains unresolved is whether there will be any guilty plea to criminal misconduct, either by the company or one of its subsidiaries.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet ultimately it remains as unresolved as life itself: a film full of truth and strangeness and uncertainty.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The issue of conflicts of interest arising between Trump’s political role and his business activities – and those of his children – remains unresolved and contentious.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 未解决的; 不坚决的，不果断的; 未分解的; 无决断力的
分布：未解决的(91%)，不坚决的(6%)，未分解的(3%)
US [-'zɑ:lvd] formal
adjective
■If a problem or difficulty is unresolved, it is not solved or ended （问题或困难）未解决的，未克服的
• The question of contracts remains unresolved. 合同问题依然没有得到解决。
adj. 未解决的；无决断力的；不果断的
 - outstanding, unsolved

Word: sect
Front: sect
[sekt] (托宝 10216/10158 -1)
Vocabulary: sect
(once / 270 pages)
n
A sect is a religious group that exists inside of a larger religion. Think of it as a section of a particular religion.
Although objectively speaking a sect is merely a subdivision of a larger religious group, the word often carries with it the feeling of a part of a religion that has broken away. It often has a negative connotation in English because it implies that the group departed from what was standard to believe something different or odd. If you are comparing two sects you might talk about their sectarian differences.
WORD FAMILY
sect: intersect, sectarian, sectarist, sects+/ intersect: intersected, intersecting, intersection, intersects/intersecting: nonintersecting/ intersection: intersections/ sectarian: nonsectarian, sectarianism, sectarians, unsectarian/sectarianism: sectarianisms/sectarist: sectarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Britain’s vote to leave the EU was the grand finale of a 25-year campaign by a lonely sect of true believers.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Warda, the human rights activist, said militants from any sect that attacked civilians in the name of religion were "no better than Islamic State".
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
The Assad regime, which represents the minority Alawite sect, is unlikely ever to reestablish control over all of Syria, even with Russian and Iranian help.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 宗派，教派; 学派，党派
分布：教派(71%)，宗派(29%)
→来自拉丁语 secta,宗派，组织，方式，原则，来自 sectus,追随的，过去分词格于 sequi,追随， 跟随，词源同 sequence,pursue.词义受另一个拉丁语 secar（e 分开）影响，词源同 section,segment.
[sekt] usually disapproving
noun countable
■a religious group which has developed from a larger religion and is considered to have extreme or unusual beliefs or customs （宗教的）派别，宗派
• When he was sixteen he ran away from home and joined a religious sect. 他16岁时离家出走，加入了一个宗教派别。

Word: adept
Front: adept
[əˈdept] (托雅宝 10221/13923 -1)
Vocabulary: adept
(once / 1927 pages)
adjn
Are you looking for another word to describe a person who is highly skilled, very proficient or expert at something? Try the adjective adept!
In the days of Medieval Latin, an adeptus was a person who had learned the secrets of alchemy. Although an adept person today cannot turn lead into gold, the adjective is still high praise meaning "skilled, expert, highly proficient."
WORD FAMILY
adept: adeptly, adeptness, adepts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe Petersen is slightly more adept at film review, which allows the Huskies to narrow the gap with each passing day.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Like Janus, the Film Society of Lincoln Center is pretty adept at looking backward and forward at the same time.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But he gets quite adept at violence; he grows feral.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 精于…的，擅长于…的; 巧妙的
分布：熟练的(51%)，专家(31%)，老练的(14%)，名手(4%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ept, 同apt, 合适的，熟能生巧的。
熟练的(ad+ept能力→有做事能力→熟练的)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
熟练的,老练的(ad+ept→有能力→熟练的)[opt,ept=fit,ability,表示"适应,能力"]
【记】ad朝向，ept能力－有能力－老练的
【区】adept 把‘e’想象成李小双在空中翻跟头－有技巧的adopt（vt 采纳，收养），o像一个圈用来采纳，收养。adapt（vt 使适应，改编），有两个a，因为他们互相适应，正所谓：近朱者赤，近墨者黑，近a者a。Inept（adj 不适当的，无能的，不称职的），-ept-能力
adjective
■having a natural ability to do something that needs skill 擅长的；熟练的；内行的
• She's very adept at dealing with the media. 她应付媒体游刃有余。
• Tamsin Palmer gave an impressive and technically adept performance on the piano. 塔姆辛‧帕尔默演奏的钢琴曲技法纯熟、感人至深。
adj. 熟练的；擅长…的
 - experienced, skilled, accomplished, clever, practiced
n. 内行；能手
 - expert, sharp

Word: gambler
Front: gambler
['ɡæmblə(r)] (10215/14574 -1)
Vocabulary: gambler
(once / 979 pages)
n
A gambler is a person who takes a lot of high-risk chances. Your friends might call you a gambler if you spend your free time bungee jumping and playing high-stakes poker.
When you seek adventure or danger, you're gambling with your safety or even your life, which makes you one kind of gambler. Other gamblers enjoy betting money on sports, card games, or games of chance. Gambler came after gamble, "risk something of value on a game of chance," from the Middle English gammlen, "play or be merry," with its Old English root gamen, or "game."
WORD FAMILY
gambler: ex-gambler, gamblers+/ gamble: gambled, gambler, gambles, gambling/gambling: gamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gamblers lost $88 million at the 12 coastal casinos - 4 percent less than last November.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
By midafternoon, new arrivals were delayed at the door until other gamblers and gawkers departed.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Mr. Trump, a former casino owner, should think like a gambler.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 赌徒; 投机商人
分布：赌徒(100%)
US [-blɚ] noun countable
■someone who often bets (= risks money on the result) money, for example in a game or on a horse race 赌博者；赌徒
• a self-help group for compulsive gamblers 赌博成瘾的人组成的戒赌自助小组
n. 赌徒；投机商人
 - bettor, gamester

Word: patriarchal
Front: patriarchal
[ˌpeɪtriˈɑ:kl] (托 10205/12698 -1)
Vocabulary: patriarchal
(once / 2540 pages)
adj
A patriarchal system is one run by men. Traditionally, most societies have been patriarchal, but it's now considered sexist and unfair.
The patriarchal way used to be pretty much the only way: countries and societies were run by men. The U.S. was very patriarchal, especially when women couldn't even vote. Over time, these things change, though probably not fast enough. These days, calling a country or business patriarchal is usually an insult — it implies that women aren't being treated equally.
WORD FAMILY
patriarchal: patriarchally+/ patriarch: patriarchal, patriarches, patriarchs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The theater world is very patriarchal,” she said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The problem is that India is typically patriarchal, and women in public space are not easily accepted,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Don’t let anyone tell you that makeup is a foundation of patriarchal oppression; makeup is war paint.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 家长的; 族长的; 父权的; 父系
分布：家长的(40%)，族长的(40%)，由族长统治的(20%)
[见上,－al...的]家长的;族长的;家长似的[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
US [-'ɑ:r-] adjective
■ruled or controlled by men 父权制的，男性主宰统治的
• patriarchal structure 父权结构
• a patriarchal society 父权社会

Word: handicapped
Front: handicapped
[ˈhændikæpt] (10223/5796 -2)
Back: adj. 残疾的; 有生理缺陷的; 智力低下的
分布：残废的(56%)，有生理缺陷的(44%)
→来自handicap,生理缺陷。
adjective old-fashioned
■not able to use part of your body or your mind because it has been damaged in some way 残疾的，残废的；弱智的
• What's the best way of improving theatre access for people who are physically handicapped? 改善剧院残障人士通道的最佳方法是甚么？
['hæn.dɪ.kæpt] plural noun
the handicapped
■people who cannot use part of their body or mind because it has been damaged in some way （总称）残疾人士，弱智人士
adj. 残废的；有生理缺陷的
 - disabled, spavined
n. 残疾人；缺陷者
 - disabled people

Word: outdated
Front: outdated
[ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd] (托雅 10226/13890 -1)
Vocabulary: outdated
(once / 7751 pages)
adj
Anything that's so old-fashioned that it's unstylish or not useful is outdated. You might love the way an antique car looks, but its outdated safety standards (no seat belts or airbags) make it dangerous to drive on the highway.
The 70s bell-bottom jeans your aunt still wears might be embarrassingly outdated, but at least they function as pants. Your outdated computer, on the other hand, isn't even capable of getting online or connecting to your printer — in other words, it's obsolete, or completely useless. This adjective dates from the early 1600s, from the "mark as old fashioned" meaning of the verb date.
WORD FAMILY
outdated: outdatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In all, the budget includes $3 million in new diagnostic equipment to replace outdated pieces.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Harambe will eventually join the pantheon of outdated Internet memes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That will help provide replacement housing for residents of the outdated Chouteau Courts low-income housing complex just northwest of Independence Avenue and the Paseo.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过时的，旧式的，落伍的，不流行的
v. 使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：过时的(86%)，落伍的(9%)，旧式的(5%)
→out-,超过，date,日期。
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■old-fashioned and therefore not as good or as fashionable as something modern 过时的；陈旧的
• outdated weapons/ideas 过时的武器／观点
• Nowadays this technique is rather outdated. 现在这种技术已经相当过时了。
⇒ See also out-of-date
adj. 过时的；旧式的
 - ancient, demoded

Word: kosher
Front: kosher
[ˈkəʊʃə(r)] (10210/25747)
Vocabulary: kosher
(once / 15614 pages)
adjn
In Jewish law, food must be ritually cleaned and prepared in order to be kosher, or fit to eat. Today, it can also mean anything that is proper or legitimate. Is it kosher to date your best friend's ex? Depends on who you ask.
The word kosher, literally meaning “clean” or “pure,” refers to food that has been ritually prepared or blessed so it can be eaten by religious Jews. It comes from the Hebrew word kasher, meaning "proper" or "lawful," and became common in English in the mid-19th Century. It can be used as an adjective, for example, "kosher meat." In the mid-1920's, the word took on a more general meaning, used to refer to anything that was acceptable.
WORD FAMILY
kosher: koshers, nonkosher
USAGE EXAMPLES
The block includes a pizzeria, a law office and kosher food stores.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He possessed the institutional knowledge and connections throughout the kosher meat-processing business.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
A sign at the corner points down Seneca Street to the San Francisco Kosher Restaurant.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 犹太教所规定允许的，合适的
vt. 使合适
分布：合法的(75%)，清洁可食的食物(25%)
→来自希伯来语kasher,合法的，合规的。
US ['koʊ.ʃɚ] adjective
■(of food or places where food is sold, etc.) prepared or kept in conditions that follow the rules of Jewish law （食物、售卖食物之处等）符合犹太教规的
• kosher food/meat 符合犹太教规的食物／肉
• a kosher restaurant/butcher/shop 犹太教餐馆／肉店／商店
■informal humorous
■legal, able to be trusted and therefore good 合法的；合适的
• Their business activities aren't quite kosher. 他们的经营活动不太合法。
adj. 合适的；符合犹太教教规的，干净的
 - becoming, shaped, applicable, likely, possible

Word: coastline
Front: coastline
[ˈkəʊstlaɪn] (10228/8732 -1)
Back: n. 海岸线; 海岸地形（或轮廓）
分布：海岸线(100%)
US ['koʊst-] noun countable or uncountable
■the particular shape of the coast, especially as seen from above, from the sea, or on a map （尤指从空中、海上或地图上看到的）海岸线
n. [海洋] 海岸线
 - shoreline, sea line

Word: spur
Front: spur
[spɜ:(r)] (研四六托雅宝 6458/5066 -3)
Vocabulary: spur
(once / 250 pages)
1nv 2vn
To spur something on is to get it going, to encourage it, to hasten it or stimulate. Cowboys wear spiky metal tools called spurs on their boots to kick their horses and spur them to greater speed.
Economists talk of lowering interest rates to spur spending. A new source of funding for research will hopefully spur new proposals for research from scientists. An earthquake in China might spur cities in California to a higher standard of earthquake preparedness. You might spur your team on to victory by cheering from the sidelines.
WORD FAMILY
spur: spurred, spurring, spurs+/spurring: spurrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A year later, the Spurs were in total control and won in five games.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A Russian oil firm paid a large court fine owed by one of his aides, spurring accusations that Moscow was buying influence.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 马刺; 激励因素; 支柱; （公路或铁路的）支线
vt. 策（马）前进; （尤指用马刺）策（马）加速; 鞭策
vi. 策马飞奔; 急速前进
时态：spurred, spurring, spurs
分布：刺激(68%)，促进(12%)，鞭策(10%)，马刺(8%)，支脉(2%)
→来自古英语 spura,马刺，靴刺，来自 Proto-Germanic*spuron,靴刺，来自 spere,脚踝，踢， 词源同 spoor,spurn.引申词义刺激，鼓舞。
n.靴刺,马刺;刺激,刺激物v.刺激,激励The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.现行的倾泻事件驱使他买毛皮衣服和硫磺.
【参】spurn（v 弃绝）有反义关系
【反】deter（v 阻止）
US [spɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
ENCOURAGE 鼓励
■to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster 激励，鞭策；促进，加速
• Rising consumer sales have the effect of spurring the economy to faster growth. 消费的成长有刺激经济加速发展的作用。
• Spurred (on) by her early success, she went on to write four more novels in rapid succession. 受到之前成功的鼓励，她紧接着又连续写了四部小说。
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] verb transitive (-rr-)
SHARP OBJECT 尖物
■to push spurs into the side of a horse to make it go faster （用马刺）策（马）前行
• He spurred his horse on and shouted "Faster! Faster!" 他用马刺策马向前，嘴里喊著「驾！驾！”
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] noun countable
SHARP OBJECT 尖物
■a sharp, metal, wheel-shaped object which is fixed to the heel of boots worn by people riding horses and is used to encourage the horse to go faster 马刺，靴刺
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] noun countable
MOUNTAIN 山
■a high piece of land which sticks out from a mountain or a group of mountains 山嘴，尖坡
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] noun countable
ENCOURAGEMENT 鼓励
■something that acts as an encouragement for an activity or development 刺激；激励
• The manager said that the team's win on Saturday would be a spur to even greater effort this season. 主教练说球队周六的胜利将会激励全队在本赛季中有更好的表现。
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] noun countable
spur-of-the-moment informal
■describes a decision, action, etc. that is sudden and done without any planning （决定、行动等）一时冲动的，心血来潮的
• We hadn't planned to go away - it was one of those spur-of-the-moment decisions. 我们本来没打算走的——这是一时冲动作出的决定。
• We just jumped in a car on the spur of the moment and drove to the seaside. 我们一时心血来潮，立刻跳上汽车向海边开去。
UK [spɜ:r] US [spɝ:] noun countable
win/gain your spurs
■to achieve something which proves that you are skilled in a particular type of activity and to therefore win the respect of other people 赢得荣誉；获得声望
• He won his political spurs fighting hospital closures during his time as a local councillor in Bristol. 担任布里斯托尔市议员期间他因为反对关闭医院而赢得了政治声誉。
n. 鼓舞，刺激；马刺；山坡
 - stimulus, inspiration, incentive, excitement, needle
vt. 激励，鞭策；给…装踢马刺
 - stimulate, power

Word: foray
Front: foray
[ˈfɒreɪ] (托宝 10224/11306 -1)
Vocabulary: foray
(once / 2555 pages)
1nv 2n
Foray means brief excursion. If you're in the army, that's a literal excursion into enemy territory. For the rest of us, it means trying something out. "My foray into rugby ended with my spending a week in the hospital."
This word derives from the Latin fuerre 'straw', which led into Old French as fourager 'forage,' or search for food. Think of soldiers stealing food from the enemy as maybe how this word first came to be used. Even if that is historically inaccurate, your foray into amateur word-sleuthing will help you remember this word.
WORD FAMILY
foray: forayed, foraying, forays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there was the humiliation of “Glitter,” Carey’s disastrous 2001 foray into film stardom, which was lambasted by the critics and public alike.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
This is our first new foray into mass transit, and that’s important for us.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Stanley Kubrick’s foray into the horror genre, now a classic, is still unsettling.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 突袭; 侵略; 冒险
vi. 袭击
vt. 劫掠
时态：forayed, foraying, forays
分布：突袭(40%)，尝试(38%)，劫掠(12%)，侵略(10%)
→词源同forage, 觅食。引申词义尝试，突袭等。
【记】for，ray：为了光明－偷袭敌人，劫掠财产
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
ATTEMPT 尝试
■a short involvement in an activity which is different from and outside the range of a usual set of activities 初次尝试
• She made a brief foray into acting before becoming a teacher. 她在当老师之前曾经涉足表演。
UK ['fɒr.eɪ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
VISIT 拜访
■a short visit, especially with a known purpose （尤指有明确目的的）短暂访问
• I made a quick foray into town before lunch to get my sister a present. 午饭前我很快地进了一趟城，去为我妹妹买一件礼物。
UK ['fɒr.eɪ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
ATTACK 攻击
■the act of an army suddenly and quickly entering the area belonging to the enemy in order to attack them or steal their supplies （军队为了打击敌人或夺取补给品的）突袭，闪电式侵袭
n. 突袭；侵略；攻击
 - attack, attempt, invasion, push, aggression
vi. 袭击
 - descend on, set at
vt. 劫掠
 - reave

Word: accreditation
Front: accreditation
[əˌkredɪˈteɪʃn] (10209/12749)
Vocabulary: accreditation
(once / 22906 pages)
n
Accreditation is the act of granting credit or recognition, especially to an educational institution that maintains suitable standards.
Accreditation is necessary to any person or institution in education that needs to prove that they meet a general standard of quality. If you earn a teaching certificate, then you have an accreditation to teach. Usually you'll hear this word in relation to institutions like colleges and universities.
WORD FAMILY
accreditation: accreditations+/accredit: accreditation, accredited, accrediting, accredits/ accredited: unaccredited
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russian government officials were also denied accreditation for the Games.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Accreditation requires an on-site review of the professional education unit and a review of the individual programs within the unit.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It claims the school’s administrators ignored a July order from the American Bar Association to inform students of its accreditation problems.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 委派，信赖，鉴定合格
分布：认证(84%)，委派(16%)
VERB
鉴定…为合格;确认…达到标准
If an educational qualification or institution is accredited, it is officially declared to be of an approved standard.
例：This degree programme is fully accredited by the Institution of Electrical Engineers.这门学位课程经电气工程师学院鉴定完全合格。
例：...an accredited college of Brunel University.布鲁内尔大学的一所正式学院
VERB
委任;委派;认可
If someone such as a diplomat or journalist is accredited to a particular job or place, they are officially recognized as having that job, or the right to be in that place.
例：The President proposed that Russian diplomats could be accredited to NATO headquarters...总统提议俄罗斯外交官可被派驻北约总部。
例：Some of the organisations taking part protested that the delegates they had chosen were not being accredited.一些参加的组织抗议他们所选出的代表未获委任。
n. 委派；信赖；鉴定合格
 - belief, trust

Word: analogous
Front: analogous
[əˈnæləgəs] (六托宝 10202/9154)
Vocabulary: analogous
(once / 1272 pages)
adj
Use the adjective analogous to describe something that is similar to something else and can be compared to another.
Analogous things can be compared to each other, so a near synonym is the adjective comparable. Analogous is a term used in biology to refer to body parts that have a similar function but differ in structure, such as the wings of a bird and the wings of an airplane. Analogous is from Latin analogus, from Greek analogos, meaning "according to a proper ratio or proportion."
WORD FAMILY
analogous: analogously+/ analogical: analogically/analogist: analogists/ analogize: analogizes, analogizing/ analogy: analogical, analogies, analogise, analogist, analogize, analogous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The judicial role is analogous to court-supervised remedies protecting equal opportunity for students after Brown v.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Is there really something so lessening, something analogous to begging or borrowing, about being a waiter?
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
As such, it’s a useful corrective to those who see Trump’s inauguration in 2017 as analogous to Hitler’s victory in 1933.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 相似的，可比拟的; <生>同功的; 模拟式
分布：类似的(100%)
类似的(analogy的形容词)[ana-表示"错误,在旁边,分开"]
ADJ-GRADED
相似的；类似的；可比拟的
If one thing is analogous to another, the two things are similar in some way.
例：Marine construction technology like this is very complex, somewhat analogous to trying to build a bridge under water.像这样的海底建造技术很复杂，与尝试在水下建桥有些相似。
adj. 类似的； [昆] 同功的；可比拟的
 - parallel, akin

Word: brittle
Front: brittle
[ˈbrɪtl] (研四六托雅宝 10220/8736 -1)
Vocabulary: brittle
(once / 2303 pages)
1adj 2n 3adj
Something brittle is easily broken. Do you have brittle bones? Then no football or rugby for you.
Besides meaning easily fractured and emotionally cold, brittle is also a type of candy made of cooled sugar. To make peanut brittle, bake the ingredients on a cookie sheet then let the brittle cool into sheets which you break into pieces (and then eat — wreaking havoc with your braces). It's ok to use the adjective brittle freely to describe lots of things that will break easily — such as a heart, a theory, or a poorly equipped army.
WORD FAMILY
brittle: brittlely, brittleness, brittler, brittles, brittlest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The meat arrives with a textured, almost brittle outer bark, like the crust on a really great loaf of sourdough.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Even those who survive face up to 15 bone fractures a year, brittle teeth, impaired hearing and growth problems.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Diminutive New Zealand man who inspired many by defying the brittle bones he was born with and pursuing a life filled with rigorous outdoor adventures.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 易碎的; 难以相处的，尖刻暴躁的; 冷淡的; 声音尖利的
分布：易碎的(47%)，脆弱的(37%)，果仁薄脆糖(8%)，尖利的(8%)
→词源同break，破开。-le, 表反复。
a.易碎的;脆弱的;冷淡的;(声音)尖利的The pattern of the battery doesn't matter to the battle against the little brittle cattle.电池的式样对与脆小牛作战无关要紧.
【记】bottle容易brittle。
【参】brittleness（n 脆弱fragility）
US ['brɪtˌ-] adjective
EASILY BROKEN 易碎的
■delicate and easily broken 易碎的，脆的
• As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle. 随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。
• The pond was covered in a brittle layer of ice. 池塘上结了薄薄的一层冰。
UK ['brɪt.l] US ['brɪtˌ-] adjective
UNKIND 不友好的
■unkind and unpleasant 不友好的；冷淡的
• She gave a brittle laugh and turned away. 她冷笑了一声，转身走了。
invalid, crisp, fragile, brittle, frail
这组词都有“弱”的意思，其区别是：
invalid: a.不正确的，缺乏证据的；无效的，作废的。作名词时，表示病弱者，伤残者，久病者。
 • Your ideas about the first humans are interesting but invalid.   你关于最早的人类的观点很有意思，但是缺乏证据。
 • A bad car accident made him an invalid.   一次严重的车祸使他变成了残疾。
crisp: a.指食品的松脆；清新的，爽快的；活跃的，有生气的，干净利落的。
 • crisp biscuit   松脆的饼干
 • The student gave a clear, crisp answer to the teacher's question.   学生干净利落地回答了老师的问题。
fragile: a.常常修饰使用时必须小心才不会破碎的东西，也引申为体弱的，虚弱的。
 • He 's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.   他参加了昨晚的聚会以后，现在感觉有些虚弱。
brittle: a.易碎的，易损坏的，通常是指坚硬的东西。
 • The bones of elderly people become brittle and easily broken.   老年人的骨头变得脆弱，很容易骨折。
frail: a. (指人)体弱的，虚弱的，也可以指东西易碎的。
 • His mother has grown old and frail.   他母亲已经年老体弱。
adj. 易碎的， [冶] 脆弱的；易生气的
 - delicate, tender, fragile

Word: first-round

Word: cloudy
Front: cloudy
[ˈklaʊdi] (中高 10229/11760 -1)
Vocabulary: cloudy
(once / 995 pages)
adj
When the sky is cloudy, it's so full of clouds that you can't see the sun. A cloudy day isn't ideal for a trip to the beach, and a cloudy night isn't great for star gazing.
A cloudy sky tells you that rain's on the way, while a cloudy pond or a cloudy glass of water isn't translucent — you can't see through it. You can also describe an issue, thought, or memory as cloudy when it's vague or half-remembered or unclear. Cloudy comes from the Old English word clud, "mass of rock," and later "cloud," based on the way a cloud can resemble a rock or hill.
WORD FAMILY
cloudy: cloudier, cloudiest, cloudily, cloudiness+/ cloud: clouded, clouding, cloudless, cloudlike, clouds, cloudy, overcloud/clouded: unclouded/clouding: cloudings/cloudless: cloudlessly, cloudlessness/overcloud: overclouded, overclouding, overclouds/unclouded: uncloudedly, uncloudedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's 54 degrees and cloudy, but the sun is trying to peak through and shine against the San Gabriel Mountains.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Temperatures are in the pleasant low 70s, under partly cloudy skies.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Weather is also expected to be dry but cloudy for the 128th Rose Parade in Pasadena, which will be held Jan. 2.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 多云的; 阴天的; 朦胧的; 愁容满面的
级别：cloudier, cloudiest
分布：多云的(62%)，阴天的(20%)，混浊的(13%)，模糊不清的(5%)
a.多云的,阴(天)的;混浊的,模糊的It is cloudy.天气阴暗.
adjective
■with clouds 多云的，阴天的
• a cloudy sky/day 阴沉的天空／阴天
• Scotland will be cloudy with wintry showers. 苏格兰将会转阴，且有寒冷的阵雨。
■not transparent 不透明的；混浊的
• The beer was cloudy and dark. 啤酒混浊发黑。
adj. [气象] 多云的；阴天的；愁容满面的
 - nubilous, somber

Word: scold
Front: scold
[skəʊld] (高研四六雅 10246/15769 -1)
Vocabulary: scold
(once / 597 pages)
vn
When you scold someone, you (often angrily) point out and criticize some fault or error. If you forget again to clean up your room, your mom might scold you for it.
Scold can also be used as a noun to describe a person who irritates people by finding fault in everything. Your great aunt Merna, who during the holidays complains about her gifts, criticizes your weight, says the turkey is too dry, and the stuffing is soggy? She's a scold. Maybe she's cranky. Which brings us to the other way we can use scold as a verb: to grumble, grouch, or generally express one's crankiness. This latter meaning has more to do with the attitude of the scolder than the faults of the one being scolded.
WORD FAMILY
scold: scolded, scolder, scolding, scolds+/scolder: scolders/scolding: scoldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In the managerial ideology,” Whyte writes, “it is not the leaders of industry that are idealized—if anything, they are scolded—but the lieutenants.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
You end up scolding her like you might an unruly child.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
That amounts to diplomatic scolding of Palestinian leaders, whom Israel accuses of encouraging attacks on Israeli civilians.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 责骂
vi. 责骂; 斥责
n. 常骂人的人
时态：scolded, scolding, scolds
分布：责骂(57%)，斥责(26%)，训斥(11%)，爱责骂的人(6%)
v.责骂,训斥Before the premier, the old soldier scolds the cold weather.老兵当着首相的面咒骂寒冷的天气.
US [skoʊld] old-fashioned
verb transitive
■to tell off someone because you disapprove of their behaviour 责骂，责备
• His mother scolded him for breaking her favourite vase. 母亲因为他打碎了她最心爱的花瓶而责骂他。
reproach, accuse, charge, rebuke, denounce, scold, condemn, blame
reproach: 侧重指因他人粗心、自私等引起不满而去指责、找岔。
accuse: 正式或非正式场合，私人或法律上均可用，被指控的情节可轻可重，常与of连用
charge: 常与accuse换用，但charge多指较严重的错误或罪行，而且往往向法庭提出正式起诉。与with连用
rebuke: 多指上级对下级进行的公开、强烈、严正而不宽容的责备。隐含一定权威的意味。
denounce: 与condemn同义，但着重公开性。
scold: 普通用词，多指上级对下级、长辈对后辈或雇主对雇员的态度粗暴、言词激烈的数落。
condemn: 正式用词，表示谴责，有较强的司法意味，侧重从道义或原则上的谴责。
blame: 普通用词，语气较弱，仅是一般的责难、归咎于，不含用语言责骂之意。
vi. 责骂；叱责
 - rate, hop on
vt. 骂；责骂
 - rate, hop on
n. 责骂；爱责骂的人
 - talking-to, opprobrium

Word: tone
Front: tone
[təʊn] (研四六 1995/1813 -K3)
Vocabulary: tone
(once / 45 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4nv
A tone is the kind of sound you hear in a musical note, or in a person's voice live or in writing. A newspaper article should be objective, but a poem can bring up all kinds of emotions, depending on the tone.
The word tone often refers to sound, as in music, or the feeling conveyed by the way someone speaks: "His tone of voice told me I was in trouble." It can also be used to describe the atmosphere of a place — its flavor or spirit — or the shades of meaning in a work that might reveal the larger intentions of an author. If your body has tone, its muscular structure is strong and appears well defined.
WORD FAMILY
tone: intonate, overtone, semitone, tonal, toned, toneless, toner, tones, tonic, toning, undertone+/ atonal: atonalism, atonality, atonally/atonalism: atonalistic/atonality: atonalities/ intonate: intonated/overtone: overtones/semitone: semitones/supertonic: supertonics/tonal: atonal, tonality, tonally/tonality: tonalities/toned: toneder, tonedest/toneless: tonelessly/toner: toners/ tonic: supertonic, tonically, tonicity, tonics/tonicity: hypertonicity/undertone: undertones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The episode would set the tone for the administration that would follow.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But while there I sunk into the atmosphere, tone, reality of the place.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Looking at my toned muscles after work is a reward in itself.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. [语]声调，语调; [画]色调，色泽，明暗; [乐]乐音，全音，全音程; [医]（正常的）健康状态
vt. 使更健壮; 定调; 使变调子; [摄影术]给…上色
vi. 带有某种腔调; 呈现某种色彩; （颜色）调和（与 with 连用）
时态：toned, toning, tones
分布：语气(41%)，音调(20%)，色调(19%)，调子(7%)，定调(3%)，使更健壮(3%)，风气(3%)，调色(2%)，装腔作势地说(2%)
→来自拉丁语 tonus,声音，单调，来自希腊语 teinein,延伸，延展，来自 ten,延伸，延展， 词源同 tenure,extend,tune.引申诸相关词义，并用于指皮肤柔韧性等。
n.音调,音色;风气,气氛;腔调,语气;色调I tuned the tone of the stone phone with a bone.我用骨头调整了石质耳机的音调.
US [toʊn] noun
VOICE EXPRESSION 话语表达
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a quality in the voice which expresses the speaker's feelings or thoughts, often towards the person being spoken to （常指对听话人的）语气，腔调，口吻
• I tried to use a sympathetic tone of voice. 我试着用一种同情的语气说话。
• Don't speak to me in that tone of voice (= angrily) , young lady! 小姐，别用那种语气跟我说话！
• It wasn't so much what she said that annoyed me - it was her tone. 令我生气的不是她所说的话，而是她说话的语气。
tones [plural] literary
■the quality of someone's voice 语气；语调
• She recounted the story to me in shocked tones (= in a shocked voice). 她用震惊的语气向我叙述这个故事。
• For more than half a century, the reassuring tones of BBC newscasters have informed British television viewers about world events. 半个多世纪以来，英国广播公司的播音员用沉稳的语调向英国电视观众报道世界大事。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
GENERAL MOOD 总体气氛
 ADVANCED only singular
■the general mood or main qualities of something 风格；基调，格调；气氛
• I didn't like the jokey tone of the article - I thought it inappropriate. 我不喜欢这篇文章的搞笑风格——我觉得这不恰当。
• Trust you to lower the tone of the evening by telling vulgar jokes, Martin! 马丁，你讲粗俗的笑话肯定会把晚会的格调降下去！
• Well, I thought it might raise the moral tone of the evening if I invited a vicar to the party. 哦，我以为如果邀请牧师参加晚会，可能会提高晚会的道德品位。
• He was in a very bad mood when he arrived, and that set the tone for the whole meeting. 他到的时候情绪很不好，这就决定了整个会议的气氛。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
COLOUR 色彩
countable
■a form or degree of a colour 色调
• warm tones of brown and yellow 棕色和黄色这种暖色调
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
TIGHTNESS 紧张性
uncountable
■the healthy tightness of the body, especially the muscles （尤指肌肉的）坚实，结实
• After you've had a baby you lose the muscle tone in your stomach. 你生完孩子后，腹部的肌肉就失去了弹性。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
DIFFERENCE IN SOUND 声音的差异
countable (US also step)
■the largest difference in sound between two notes which are next to each other in the western musical scale 全音（指西洋音阶中相邻两音符之间最大的音差）
• The interval from G to A is a whole tone. 从 G 到 A 的音程是一个全音。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
MUSICAL QUALITY 音质
countable or uncountable
■the quality of sound of a musical instrument or singing voice 音色；音质
• the beautiful rich tones of his tenor voice 他那美妙浑厚的男高音
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] noun
TELEPHONE NOISE 电话音
countable
■one of the sounds that you hear on a telephone line when you pick up the receiver 电话音
• I've called him several times but I keep getting the engaged tone. 我已经给他打了几次电话，但每次听到的都是忙线中。
• Please wait until you hear the UKdialling / USdial tone (= the sound that a telephone makes when it is ready to be used) before inserting your money. 请听到拨号音后再投币。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] verb transitive (also tone up)
■If you tone a part of the body, you make it firmer and stronger, usually by taking physical exercise （通常透过锻炼）使（身体部位）更强健
• This is a good exercise for toning up the thighs. 这种锻炼对增强大腿肌肉有好处。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] verb transitive (also tone up)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tone sth down
■to make something less forceful or offensive, usually a piece of writing or a speech 使（通常指文章或讲话）缓和；使温和
• Some of the language in the original play has been toned down for the television version. 这部戏被拍成电视后，原剧中的一些语言已经被改得不那么激烈了。
UK [təʊn] US [toʊn] verb transitive (also tone up)
  Phrasal Verbs  tone in
■When colours tone in, they match and look pleasant together （颜色）相配
• The green of your scarf tones in with your shoes. 你的绿围巾与鞋子正好相配。
tone, dialect, accent
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。
tone: n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
 • He speaks to his baby in soft tones.   他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。
dialect: n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
 • the Yorkshire dialect   约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言
accent: n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。
 • He speaks English with a Spanish accent.   他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
n. 语气； [光] 色调； [声] 音调；音色
 - mood, hues
vt. 增强；用某种调子说
 - enchance, to increase

Word: torque
Front: torque
[tɔ:k] (六托宝 10225/8358)
Vocabulary: torque
(once / 16348 pages)
n
If you have ever tightened a bolt with a wrench, or tried to get the lid off a jar of strawberry jam, then you have dealt with the concept of torque — a twisting action or a turning force.
The word torque, which rhymes with fork, is used in the field of physics as a measure of rotational force. For example, how much strength does it take to move an object, such as a screwdriver, around an axis, such as a screw? In ancient times, a torque was a necklace made of twisted metal. Now, torque is commonly used to describe the power of sports cars and their ability to accelerate, since car engines operate with rotating parts.
WORD FAMILY
torque: torques
USAGE EXAMPLES
An optional torque vectoring system pulses the inside rear brake caliper in tandem with the rear differential for increased stability.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
So powered, the S3 is a fine little sport sedan, really, a kick in the pants, with torque for days.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
Maximum torque of 295 foot-pounds came on by 2,200 rpm and held to 5,400 rpm.
Seattle Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指机器的）扭转力; 转（力）矩; <史>（古高卢人、布立吞人戴的）金属项圈; 金属颈环
分布：扭矩(96%)，转力(4%)
→来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，扭转，折磨，来自 terkw,扭曲，进一步来自 ter,弯，转， 转动，词源同 turn,throw.后用于工程学术语指旋转力，机器等的转矩。
【记】tor转，que－转矩
US [tɔ:rk] specialized
noun uncountable
■a force which causes something to rotate (= turn in a circle) 扭转力
n. 转矩， [力] 扭矩；项圈，金属领圈
 - torgue, turning moment

Word: installment
Front: installment
[ɪn'stɔ:lmənt] (研六托宝 10234/-)
Back: n. 部分; 分期付款; （丛书杂志等的）一部，一期
分布：部分(46%)，分期付款(35%)，安装(17%)，分册(1%)，安置(1%)
安装;分期付款(install的名词)[stall=place,表示"放"]
n.(instalment)分期付款;(连载的)一期We're paying for the television by monthly installments.我们按月分期付款以偿还电视机价款.
【记】installment除了有installation的意思，还有分期付款的意思。in不，stall（v 使停止）－不停地送钱－分期付款
n. 安装； [会计] 分期付款；部分；就职
 - setting, proportion, part, percent, portion

Word: necessitate
Front: necessitate
[nəˈsesɪteɪt] (研六雅 10233/7107 -1)
Vocabulary: necessitate
(once / 1240 pages)
v
The verb necessitate shows that something is necessary or needs to happen, as when a sweet tooth can necessitate a trip to the store for a triple-scoop ice cream — which will necessitate a trip to the gym.
Synonyms for necessitate are "require" and "force." Although what's required may be serious, necessitate also just labels things that follow naturally from one step to another. A dead car battery might necessitate a long walk home, or your completion of skills tests might necessitate moving up to the next level. Necessitate commonly replaces "need" when doctors talk about treatment, so while your scraped knee might need a big bandage, it may "necessitate treatment with antibiotics" if you go to a clinic.
WORD FAMILY
necessitate: necessitated, necessitates, necessitating+/necessitarian: necessitarians/necessitous: necessitously/ necessity: necessitarian, necessitate, necessities, necessitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Charlotte City Council acted in good faith to do everything it understood was needed to necessitate the state legislature repealing HB2,” the statement said.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He also publicly questioned whether failing to raise the ceiling would be such a bad thing, and whether it would necessitate defaulting on our debt.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Fortification adjustments undertaken by NGOs were necessitated by the international community’s inaction as the Syrian government targeted doctors.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使…成为必要，需要; 强迫，迫使
时态：necessitated, necessitating, necessitates
分布：迫使(84%)，使 ... 成为必需(16%)
→来自necessary,必要的，必需的，-ate,使。
v.使成为必要,需要The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply.人口的增加需要更多食物供应.
【记】源于：necessary（n 必需品；adj 必要的）
【参】necessitous（adj 贫困的）
[nə'ses.ɪ.teɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to be needed, or to make something necessary 使成为必需；使成为必要
• Reduction in government spending will necessitate further cuts in public services. 削减政府开支必定会使民众服务进一步减少。
• [+ -ing verb] An important meeting necessitates my being in London on Friday. 我星期五必须到伦敦参加一个重要的会议。
vt. 使成为必需，需要；迫使
 - ask, lack, pressure, claim

Word: slug
Front: slug
[slʌg] (托 10241/10408 -1)
Vocabulary: slug
(once / 604 pages)
1n 2nv 3vn 4n 5n
Use the word slug to mean "bullet," "slimy, land-dwelling mollusk," or "super lazy person." If your mom finds you on the couch as often as she finds slugs in her garden, she'll call you a slug too.
When it's a verb, slug means "hit," so you might say, "That bully's always threatening to slug me." As a noun, slug can also mean "a blow," or "a gulp." But if your little brother is barefoot outside and suddenly screams, "Yuck, I stepped on a slug!" he is most likely talking about the squishy invertebrate that leaves a trail of slime behind it.
WORD FAMILY
slug: sluggard, slugged, slugger, slugging, sluggish, slugs+/ sluggard: sluggards/slugger: sluggers/ sluggish: sluggishly, sluggishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first problem with that suggestion is slugs.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Trading was somewhat smoother Friday, but the key 7-day repo rate continued to inch up, and authorities felt compelled to inject another slug of cash.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
The rising dollar slugged oil prices, already smarting from concerns about over supply.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 子弹，金属块; 鼻涕虫; 动作缓慢的人; [物]斯勒格，斯（质量单位）
vi. 动作迟缓; 偷懒
vt. 重击; 在…中插嵌片; 偷懒
时态：slugged, slugging, slugs
分布：蛞蝓(38%)，鼻涕虫(28%)，重击(13%)，子弹(8%)，动作缓慢的人(5%)，铅字条(4%)，用力打(2%)，加铅字条于(2%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,邋遢的，懒的，比较 slattern,slut,sloven,slug.引申词义懒鬼，后用于指蛞蝓， 一种蜗牛。slug 用力打，狠揍，铅弹，金属圆片
noun countable
CREATURE 生物
■a small, usually black or brown, creature with a long soft body and no arms or legs, like a snail but with no shell 蛞蝓，鼻涕虫
■mainly US informal
■a slow-moving, lazy person 懒散的人
⇒ See also sluggish
[slʌg] noun countable
BULLET 子弹 informal
■a bullet 子弹
• The poor guy wound up with a slug in his stomach. 那个可怜的家伙腹部中了一枪。
[slʌg] noun countable
AMOUNT OF DRINK 酒的量 informal
■an amount of drink, especially strong alcoholic drink, that you can swallow at one time 满满一口（尤指烈酒）
• I had a slug of vodka to give me courage. 我喝了一大口伏特加来给自己壮胆。
[slʌg] noun countable
COIN 硬币 US a piece of metal used instead of a coin for putting in machines （投入机器中的）假硬币，代币
[slʌg] verb transitive (-gg-) informal
■to hit someone hard with the fist (= closed hand) 用拳头猛击
• She slugged him and he fell against the bar. 她猛地打了他一拳，他扑倒在柜台上。
■US
■to hit a baseball hard 猛击（棒球）
[slʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
slug it out
■If two people slug it out, they fight or argue violently until one of them wins. 一决胜负
vi. 偷懒；动作迟缓
 - spare oneself, slack off
vt. 重击
 - pound on, gang bang

Word: ho
Front: ho
[həʊ] (10242/9281)
Back: int. 引人注意，表示惊讶，满足
分布：嗨(34%)，嗬(22%)，喜悦等）嘿(22%)，（表示惊讶(22%)
→俚语，缩写自whore.
int. 呵；引人注意；表示惊讶
 - brrr

Word: rebuilding
Front: rebuilding
['ri:ˌbɪldɪŋ] (10254/11935)
Back: v. 重建( rebuild的现在分词 ); 重新组装; 再形成某事物; 恢复
分布：改建(100%)
VERB
重建；重修
When people rebuild something such as a building or a city, they build it again after it has been damaged or destroyed.
例：They say they will stay to rebuild their homes rather than retreat to refugee camps...他们说他们将留下重建家园而不是躲到难民营里。
例：The castle was rebuilt by his great grandson in 1859.城堡在1859年由他的曾孙重建。
VERB
重建，重组，复原（机构、制度或生活的某些方面）
When people rebuild something such as an institution, a system, or an aspect of their lives, they take action to bring it back to its previous condition.
例：Everyone would have to work hard together to rebuild the economy...所有人都应该一起努力以重建经济。
例：Jane began to rebuild her social life which had been non-existent since her marriage...简开始重新建立自己自结婚以来便陷于沉寂的社交生活。
VERB
复原，修复（身体某一部分）
If doctors rebuild part of someone's body that has been damaged, they operate on that person to make them well again.
例：Two weeks later, surgeons carried out the operation to rebuild his face.两周后，外科医生实施了手术以复原他的面部。
n. 重建
 - reconstruction, restructuring, regeneration
v. 重建；使复原（rebuild的ing形式）
 - reestablishing, reconstructing

Word: curricular
Front: curricular
[kəˈrɪkjələ(r)] (10275/13364)
Back: adj. 课程的
分布：课程的(100%)

Word: subtract
Front: subtract
[səbˈtrækt] (研四六托雅宝 10238/11991 -1)
Back: vt. 减去; 扣除
时态：subtracted, subtracting, subtracts
分布：减去(91%)，减少(9%)
→sub-,在下，向下，-tract,拉，词源同 attract,contract.引申数学名词减，减去。
减去;扣除(sub下+tract→拉下去→减去)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
v.减(去)To make the contract attractive, the contractor subtracted a tractor from it.为了使合同有吸引力,承包商从中减去了一台拖拉机.
verb transitive
■to remove a number from another number 减，减去
• Four subtracted from ten equals six. 10减4等于6。
Compare add ; divide ; multiply
abstract, subtract, contract, attract
abstract: vt 抽取；
subtract: vt 减去
contract: vt 使缩小（招致，染上（疾病等））；
attract: vt 吸引；
vt. 减去；扣掉
 - substract, subduce

Word: understandably
Front: understandably
[ˌʌndəˈstændəbli] (10243/8434)
Back: adv. 可理解地
分布：可理解地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
（行为、情绪等）可以理解的，正常的，合情理的
If you describe someone's behaviour or feelings as understandable, you think that they have reacted to a situation in a natural way or in the way you would expect.
例：His unhappiness was understandable.他不高兴是可以理解的。
ADJ-GRADED
（论述、理论等）容易理解的
If you say that something such as a statement or theory is understandable, you mean that people can easily understand it.
例：Roger Neuberg writes in a simple and understandable way.罗杰·纽伯格的文章简明易懂。

Word: slowdown
Front: slowdown
[ˈsləʊdaʊn] (10257/23707 -1)
Back: n. 减速，减缓; 怠工; 降低速度
分布：减速(96%)，降低速度(4%)
US ['sloʊ-] noun countable
■a reduction in speed, activity or the rate that things are produced 减速；减缓
• a worldwide economic slowdown 全球性的经济迟缓
• a slowdown in production 生产率降低
US for * go-slow
n. [经] 减速；怠工；降低速度
 - deceleration, reduced speed

Word: sectarian
Front: sectarian
[sekˈteəriən] (10218/12792 -1)
Vocabulary: sectarian
(once / 2007 pages)
adjn
Sectarian is a word to describe something having to do with smaller groups or sects. Sectarian violence, for example, would describe violence that has erupted between conflicting groups or sects.
Sectarian, as a noun, is a member of a group with a particular set of interests. If you're a religious sectarian, you are loyal to a particular religious sect or group. Unfortunately, there are not many places in the world where sectarian strife and conflict do not exist.
WORD FAMILY
sectarian: nonsectarian, sectarianism, sectarians, unsectarian+/ intersect: intersected, intersecting, intersection, intersects/intersecting: nonintersecting/ intersection: intersections/ sect: intersect, sectarian, sectarist, sects/sectarianism: sectarianisms/sectarist: sectarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Responsibility for quelling the sectarian violence and instability that consumed Iraq after the 2003 invasion also fell predominantly to the U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And there is a larger sectarian war inside Islam between Sunnis and Shiites.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
It named him and the caption read: "Meet Sectarian Parade Organiser".
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 宗派的，派系的; 党派心强的; 偏狭的
n. 宗派主义者，属于宗派的人; 宗派心强的人
分布：宗派的(44%)，党派心强的(17%)，属于宗派的人(17%)，偏狭的(11%)，宗派心强的人(11%)
→sect,教派，派别，-ar,人，成员，-ian,形容词后缀。
宗派的(sect+arian→切开→搞宗派)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
【记】源于：sect（n 宗派）
US [-'ter.i-] mainly disapproving
noun countable adjective
■(a person) strongly supporting a particular religious group, especially in such a way as not to be willing to accept other beliefs （人）派系的，教派性的，（尤指）排斥其他信仰的 ； 有门户之见的
• a sectarian murder 教派谋杀
• He called on terrorists on both sides of the sectarian divide to end the cycle of violence. 他呼吁存在派系分歧的双方恐怖分子结束你来我往的暴力行为。
adj. 宗派的；偏狭的；党派心强的
 - provincial, denominational
n. 属于宗派的人；宗派心强的人；宗派主义者
 - factionist

Word: nourish
Front: nourish
[ˈnʌrɪʃ] (研六托雅宝 10239/11545 -1)
Vocabulary: nourish
(once / 452 pages)
v
When you nourish your imagination or your body, you give it what it needs to stay healthy and flourish (hey, that rhymes!).
Whenever you eat a nutritious meal, you nourish your body. You can also nourish your dreams by allowing yourself to take chances and try what interests you, even if you're not sure what the outcome will be. To transform the verb nourish into an adjective, you can just add ing. Then, you can describe things that nourish you — like protein shakes or good poetry — as nourishing.
WORD FAMILY
nourish: nourished, nourishes, nourishing, nourishment, undernourish+/nourished: unnourished/nourishing: nourishingly/nourishment: nourishments/undernourish: undernourished, undernourishing, undernourishment
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spent three years there, nourishing Germany’s biggest club, before she was recommended to Klopp earlier this year.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He wanted to nourish ability, to see credit properly attributed and, above all else, thereby to advance astronomy.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Stay well hydrated and well nourished, and wash your hands often.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 滋养，施肥于; 抚养，教养; 怀抱（希望、怨恨）; 使健壮
时态：nourished, nourishing, nourishes
分布：滋养(78%)，培育(10%)，怀有(10%)，给营养(2%)
→来自古法语norrir,抚养，养育，来自拉丁语nutrire,喂养，哺乳，来自snau,流动，流淌，词源同naiad,nautical,nutriment.引申词义喂奶，抚养。拼写比较naive,native.
养育,哺育(nour营养+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
v.提供养分,养育,怀有(希望,仇恨等)By courtesy of the mourner, he endeavours to devour the nourishing odour.承蒙哀悼者同意,他努力吞食滋养气味.
US ['nɝ:-] verb transitive
■to provide people or living things with food in order to make them grow and keep them healthy 养育；滋养
• Children need plenty of good fresh food to nourish them. 孩子们需要大量的新鲜食物来提供营养。
• She looks happy and well nourished. 她看起来很快乐，且营养良好。
• This cream is supposed to help nourish your skin. 这种润肤霜可以滋养肌肤。
■formal
■If you nourish a feeling, belief or plan, you think about it a lot and encourage it 培养，助长；支持；鼓励
• Lisa has long nourished the hope of becoming a famous writer. 丽莎一直梦想着成为著名作家。
graze, nourish, feed
这组词都有“提供所需食物，喂养”的意思，其区别是：
graze: 侧重指用正在生长的青草喂养牲畜。
nourish: 指提供生长、健康或维持生存所必需的食物或养料，尤指用营养品促进生长。
feed: 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指给人或动物提供食物，又可指给植物以养料或为机器等加燃料等。
vt. 滋养；怀有；使健壮
 - harbor

Word: upbringing
Front: upbringing
[ˈʌpbrɪŋɪŋ] (10248/8562 -1)
Vocabulary: upbringing
(once / 5727 pages)
n
Your upbringing is how you were raised as a child. You might have had a rough upbringing or a gentler one, but at least you made it this far.
Looking at the base “bring” in upbringing, we find a Germanic origin meaning "to carry." You might consider the "carry" idea as a way to remember the word, considering a parent "carries" a child to adulthood, providing what then becomes the child’s upbringing.
WORD FAMILY
upbringing: upbringings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke to the BBC about her upbringing in Croydon, the rappers she looks up to, and why she read the dictionary as a child.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He is a reflection of his upbringing and life experiences.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Part of that is really again his upbringing, the coaching that started from his dad on up to his high school coaches,” Martin said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 养育，培养，教养; 家教
分布：教养(59%)，抚养(25%)，培养(16%)
noun countable usually singular
 ADVANCED
■the way in which someone is treated and educated when they are young, especially by their parents, especially in relation to the effect which this has on how they behave and make moral decisions 抚养；教育；教养
• Is it right to say all the crimes he committed were simply the result of his upbringing? 把他犯下的所有罪行都归罪于他所受到的教育，这样说对吗？
⇒ See also bring up at bring
n. 教养；养育；抚育
 - nursing, breeding

Word: manufacture
Front: manufacture
[ˌmænjuˈfæktʃə(r)] (研四六托雅 5134/4506 -K3)
Vocabulary: manufacture
(once / 103 pages)
vn
To manufacture something, is to make or construct it, usually for industry and sale. Unless you make all your own clothes, a company probably had to manufacture them.
Manufacture is generally associated with industry and factories. Henry Ford, for instance, revolutionized industry by using assembly lines to manufacture Model Ts. But manufacture can also be used for the natural word, like bees that manufacture honey. Occasionally it use used more generally to mean to construct by putting parts together. And in a pinch, you can manufacture — or make — the truth, which is a creative way to say “lie.”
WORD FAMILY
manufacture: manufactured, manufacturer, manufactures, manufacturing +/ manufacturer: manufacturers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some manufacturing companies are required to cut production and heavily polluting vehicles are banned from the roads.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
When authorities issue red alerts, some manufacturing companies are required to cut production and heavily polluting vehicles are banned from the roads.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the country is now facing the limits of that model amid slowing growth, toxic pollution and the shift of manufacturing work to less-developed nations.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 制造，生产; 捏造，虚构; 加工; 从事制造
n. 制造; 制成品，产品; 工业，工厂; （文学作品等的）粗制滥造
时态：manufactured, manufacturing, manufactures
分布：制造(92%)，制造业(6%)，捏造(2%)
→manu-,手，-fact,制造。
制造(业)(manu手+fact+ure→手做→制造业(机器发明前用手做))前用的手做))[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
制造;加工(manu+fact做+ure→用手做→制造)[man,maun=hand,表示"手"]
v.制造,加工n.制造,制造业;产品The manufacturer manually manufactured many machines for the manufactory.制造商为工厂手工制造了很多机器.
US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive
PRODUCE 制造
 ADVANCED
■to produce goods in large numbers, usually in a factory using machines （通常指工厂利用机械大量）制造，（大批）生产
• He works for a company that manufactures car parts. 他在一家生产汽车零件的公司工作。
• The report notes a rapid decline in manufactured goods. 报告指出工业产品数量迅速下滑。
UK [ˌmæn.jʊ'fæk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive
INVENT 虚构
■to invent something, such as an excuse or story, in order to deceive someone 捏造；编造；虚构
• She insisted that every scandalous detail of the story had been manufactured. 她坚称报道中每一个骇人听闻的细节都是捏造出来的。
UK [ˌmæn.jʊ'fæk.tʃər] US [-tʃɚ] noun uncountable
■the process of producing goods 生产
• Oil is used in the manufacture of a number of fabrics. 石油用作生产多种纺织品。
• The amount of recycled glass used in manufacture doubled in five years. 用于制造业的回收玻璃数量在五年间上升了一倍。
manufacture, yield, contribute, create, produce
manufacture: （强调机器成批）生产
yield: 生出、产生或提供（自然产物、结果或利润等）
contribute: 贡献出
create: 引起，造成（感觉或印象）
produce: 制造，引起，导致，带来
manufacture, fabricate, make, produce
这组词都有“做，制造”的意思，其区别是：
manufacture: 正式用词，一般指用机器大规模地批量生产各种生活或生产用品。
fabricate: 特指按照标准样式制作或把材料或部件组合成一个整体。
make: 普通用词，很常用，含义广，既可指制造具体的东西，也可指完成一种行为。
produce: 普通用词，侧重大量地生产出各种生产用品和生活用品。强调结果。也用于引申。
product, manufacture, production, produce
这组词都有“产品，制品”的意思，其区别是：
product: 一般指工业产品，也可泛指各种各样的产品。
manufacture: 一般指机器大量制造的产品。
production: 含义广泛，不同场合有不同的意思，可表示“产品，产物”，尤指人类智力或艺术劳动的产品。
produce: 多指农产品(尤指蔬菜水果等)。
n. 制造；产品；制造业
 - machining, make, work, fabrication
vt. 制造；加工；捏造
 - process, make

Word: sixteenth
Front: sixteenth
[ˌsɪks'ti:nθ] (高 10249/5786 -1)
Back: n. 第十六; 月的第十六日; 十六分之一
adj. 第十六的; 十六分之一的
num. 第十六
分布：第十六的(31%)，十六分之一的(29%)，十六分之一(29%)，月的第十六日(11%)
/'--] ordinal number
■16th written as a word 第十六（的）
[ˌsɪk'sti:nθ] /'--] noun countable
■one of sixteen equal parts of something 十六分之一（某物的十六等份之其一）
num. 第十六；十六分之一
 - sexadecimal

Word: hysteria
Front: hysteria
[hɪˈstɪəriə] (六宝 10247/11749 -1)
Vocabulary: hysteria
(once / 704 pages)
n
Hysteria is a medical condition or general state of extreme fear and panic. When hysteria sets in, people are out of control.
In a medical sense, people who are feeling hysteria may be violent and having trouble perceiving reality. In a more general sense, when someone is hysterical, they're out of control — freaking out. Hysteria is the opposite of calmness. It's really a state of emotional chaos that often takes over during natural disasters and scary moments. Or if you're a 13 year old girl, when you go to a concert for your favorite boy band.
WORD FAMILY
hysteria: hysterias, hysterical +/hysteric: hysteria, hysterics/ hysterical: hysterically
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the outbreak of war in 1914 there was hysteria about "dark forces around the throne".
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The unfortunate consequences of this newfound hysteria include a hypervigilant style of parenting that is probably not good for either children or parents.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Ms. Chebli’s defenders say her views were badly misrepresented in the midst of the rising populist hysteria over Muslims.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. [医]癔病; （特指女人的）歇斯底里; 病态兴奋; 脏躁
分布：不正常的兴奋(67%)，歇斯特里症(33%)
→来自hysterical,歇斯底里的，-ia,疾病后缀。
【记】hyster子宫，ia病－子宫机能失调导致妇女的歇斯底里症音译词
US [-'stɪr.i-] noun uncountable
■extreme fear, excitement, anger, etc. which cannot be controlled 歇斯底里
• One woman, close to hysteria, grabbed my arm. 一个近乎歇斯底里的女人捉住了我的手臂。
• Tabloid hysteria about the murders has increased public fears. 小报对于这些凶杀案歇斯底里般的报道增加了民众的恐惧。
• mass hysteria 人群的狂热情绪
n. 癔病， [内科] 歇斯底里；不正常的兴奋
 - conniption

Word: strategically
Front: strategically
[strə'ti:dʒɪklɪ] (10245/11342)
Back: adv. 战略上，战略性地
分布：战略上(78%)，颇具策略地(22%)
ADJ
战略(性)的;策略(上)的
Strategic means relating to the most important, general aspects of something such as a military operation or political policy, especially when these are decided in advance.
例：...the new strategic thinking which NATO leaders produced at the recent London summit...北约领导人在最近召开的伦敦首脑会议上提出的新的战略思想
例：...a strategic plan for reducing the rate of infant mortality...降低婴儿死亡率的战略计划
ADJ
(武器)战略性的
Strategic weapons are very powerful missiles that can be fired only after a decision to use them has been made by a political leader.
例：...strategic nuclear weapons.战略性核武器
ADJ
(位置)具有战略意义的，重要的，合适的
If you put something in a strategic position, you place it cleverly in a position where it will be most useful or have the most effect.
例：...the marble benches Eve had placed at strategic points throughout the gardens, where the views were spectacular.伊芙在各花园景色迷人的地方巧妙安置的大理石长凳

Word: minivan
Front: minivan
[ˈmɪnivæn] (9671/-)
Back: n. 小型货车
分布：小型货车(100%)
noun countable US (UK _people ^carrier)
■a large, high car which can carry more people than a normal car 小客车
n. 小型货车
 - jubilee wagon, cocopan

Word: precipitate
Front: precipitate
[prɪˈsɪpɪteɪt] (六托雅宝 10236/8706 -1)
Vocabulary: precipitate
(once / 506 pages)
1vadj 2vn
Precipitate usually means "bringing something on" or "making it happen" — and not always in a good way. An unpopular verdict might "precipitate violence" or one false step at the Grand Canyon could precipitate you down into the gorge.
Precipitate, as a verb, can also mean specifically, "to fall from clouds," such as rain, snow, or other forms of precipitation. When used as an adjective, precipitate means "hasty" or "acting suddenly." If you decide to throw your class project in a trash masher just because someone in your class had a similar idea, then your actions might be described as precipitate. Or if you do that sort of thing regularly, you may be a precipitate person.
WORD FAMILY
precipitate: precipitated, precipitately, precipitateness, precipitates, precipitating, precipitation, precipitator+/ precipitation: precipitations/precipitator: precipitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thatcher’s departure was partially precipitated by popular resentment over the poll tax, which she championed.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
That is what precipitated this fight over Obama’s decision not to block a U.N. resolution last week criticizing Israeli settlements in the West Bank.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The coup fueled separatist sentiments in the republics and weakened the Kremlin’s power, precipitating the Soviet breakup.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 下掷，由高处抛下; 使提前或突然发生; [气象] 使凝结而下降; [化]使沉淀
vi. [气象]凝结; [化]沉淀; 倒落，一头栽下
adj. 仓促行进的，匆促的; 轻率的，冲动行事的水蒸气，降水; 突然发生的
n. [化]沉淀物; 结果，产物
时态：precipitated, precipitating, precipitates
分布：沉淀物(40%)，促成(36%)，迅猛的(4%)，猛摔(4%)，使 ... 沉淀(4%)，仓促的(4%)，冷凝物(4%)，感情用事的(4%)
→pre-,在前，-cip,头，词源同cap,captain,-ate,使。即使头在前，一头栽下，后用于气象术语，降水，降雪，引申物理术语沉淀，沉积，积灰，如Electrostatic Precipitator,电除尘器。precipitate 鲁莽的，仓促的
加速;促进;[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
【记】pre提前，cip落下，itate－使提前落下－促进
【反】retard（v 延迟；使减速）；dilatory（adj 拖拉的）；deliberate（adj 深思熟虑的；故意的）；forestall（v 阻止）
US [priːˈsɪp.ə.ţɪt] specialized
■a solid substance which is produced from a liquid during a chemical process 沉淀物，析出物质
• After filtration, the precipitate was dried at 90°C. 过滤后沉淀物被加热到90摄氏度进行干燥。
adjective UK [prɪˈsɪp.ɪ.tət] US [priːˈsɪp.ə.ţɪt] (also precipitous) formal
■If an action is precipitate, it is done sooner or faster than expected and without enough thought or preparation 仓促的，贸然的，轻率的
• Don't be precipitate - think it through before you make a decision. 别太仓促——做决定前再好好想想。
n. [化学] 沉淀物
 - deposit, sediment, sludge
vt. [化学] 使沉淀；促成；猛抛；使陷入
 - immerse, catalyse
vi. [化学] 沉淀；猛地落下；冷凝成为雨或雪等
 - deposit, settle
adj. 突如其来的；猛地落下的；急促的
 - rapid

Word: festivity
Front: festivity
[feˈstɪvəti] (10252/13814 -1)
Vocabulary: festivity
(once / 1031 pages)
n
Festivity is a fancy word for “party” or “celebration.” It’s often plural, because everyone loves to party, as in all the holiday festivities that happen at the end of the year.
The word festive describes balloons, fancy clothes, finger foods, and other things that go with celebrations. Likewise, a festivity is any kind of festive occasion. A birthday party, surprise party, graduation party, and Halloween party are all festivities. The word festivity shares a Latin root with the word feast. At festivities, people eat, drink, and are merry.
WORD FAMILY
festivity: festivities+/ festive: festively, festivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carey headlined the festivities in Times Square, where about a million revellers jammed in to greet the new year.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The parade delights spectators along downtown city streets and at home in front of their televisions broadcasting the popular festivity live.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Tens of thousands of people gathered in Helsinki for a concert and a huge fireworks display to celebrate the beginning of festivities marking its independence.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 欢庆; 欢宴; 喜庆日
分布：欢庆(52%)，欢宴(48%)
喜庆(feative+ity)[fest=feast,表示"节目"]
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
festivities [plural]
■the parties, meals and other social activities with which people celebrate a special occasion 庆祝活动
• "Come in and join the festivities - what will you have to drink?" “进来参加庆祝活动吧，你想喝点甚么？”
uncountable
■when people are happy and celebrating 欢庆；欢乐
n. 欢庆，欢宴；庆典；欢乐
 - joy, celebration

Word: likeness
Front: likeness
[ˈlaɪknəs] (六 10244/11671 -1)
Vocabulary: likeness
(once / 464 pages)
n
A likeness is a portrait, or a head-turning resemblance. George Washington’s likeness appears on the dollar bill. A potato might bear an uncanny likeness to my grandfather.
Likeness has nothing to do with liking someone or something––it’s all about what something looks like. It’s been in use since before the 12th century, when likenesses had to be drawn or painted, rather than snapped with a digital camera. If the only picture you had of your mom was one your brother drew, you would value it more if it was a good likeness, meaning it really looked “like” her.
WORD FAMILY
likeness: likenesses+/ dislike: dislikable, disliked, dislikes, disliking/ likable: likably/ like: dislike, likable, likeable, liked, likely, likeness, likes, likest, liking, unlike/likeable: likeably/ likelihood: likelihoods, unlikelihood/ likely: likelihood, likeliness, likelys, unlikely/liking: likings/unlike: unlikable, unlikeable, unlikeness/unlikelihood: unlikelihoods/unlikeliness: unlikelinesses/unlikely: unlikeliness/unlikeness: unlikenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reason for his newfound celebrity: His likeness is featured in a mosaic there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That would be determining who gets their likeness on the wall.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Not in person, though — but rather in the form of his likeness, interpreted as a cartoon rooster statue in northern China.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 相象，相似; 外表; 照片，肖像
分布：相像(53%)，样子(37%)，相似物(10%)
→like,相似，-ness,名词后缀。
noun countable or uncountable
■being similar in appearance （外表的）相似，相近，近似
• There's a definite family likeness around the eyes. 很明显这家人眼睛长得都很像。
a good/remarkable, etc. likeness
■a painting or other representation of a person that looks very like them （人物肖像作品等）非常逼真，极其相像
likeness, similarity, resemblance, analogy
这组词都有“相似，类似”的意思，其区别是：
likeness: 普通用词，指人或物从外观看去，有很明显的相似之处，或完全相似。
similarity: 指不同的人或事物在外表、特征、程度或性质等方面有某些相似之处。
resemblance: 指外观或性质有相似之处。
analogy: 指外表或实质均不相同的事物对比之下的类似之处。
n. 相似，相像；样子，肖像；照片，画像；相似物
 - photo, picture, image, air, conformity

Word: barrage
Front: barrage
[ˈbærɑ:ʒ] (宝 10255/8918 -1)
Vocabulary: barrage
(once / 2566 pages)
nv
A barrage is something that comes quickly and heavily — as an attack of bullets or artillery, or a fast spray of words.
Sometimes in movies or news footage, the audience gets a glimpse from behind a mounted weapon and sees a heavy rain of bombs or bullets — called a barrage — going toward a target, sending as much POW! as possible to hit a wide area. Words become a barrage when spoken or written in uncontrollable anger or with overflowing emotion: "Her human-rights speech was a barrage of passion. It was hard to keep up with, but we felt the intensity of her cause."
WORD FAMILY
barrage: barraged, barrages, barraging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The barrage of criticism amounts to a rare sustained burst of public anger by China’s burgeoning middle class.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet last week, on a miserable rainy day, militants unleashed a torrential barrage on the district.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The next morning, May 28, Acosta barraged Pamatz’s phone with text messages and phone calls, begging to meet with her.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 拦河坝; 阻塞; 弹幕; 齐射式攻击
vt. 以密集火力攻击（或阻击）
时态：barraged, barraging, barrages
分布：弹幕(41%)，拦河坝(40%)，掩护炮火(13%)，以密集火力进攻(6%)
→词源同bar, 杆，棍，原指用杆棍搭建的拦河坝，阻挡洪水，火力网是后来义。
阻塞,遮断(barr+age表名词→用捧拦住→阻塞)[barr=stick表示,"捧,栏"]
【记】bar酒吧，rage愤怒。酒吧里出现暴怒的场面。一定是因为中国队输球了，遭遇了黑色3分钟什么的。只见酒吧里酒瓶子乱飞，形成弹幕。然后，酒越来越多，需要一个大坝拦住，不然，北京就成了威尼斯了。
US [bə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
ATTACK 攻击
countable usually singular
■continuous firing of large guns to protect soldiers advancing on an enemy 掩护炮火，阻击火网
• an artillery barrage 炮火掩护
a barrage of sth
■a great number of complaints, criticisms or questions suddenly directed at someone 连珠发炮的（投诉、批评或质问），接二连三的…
• The TV station has received a barrage of complaints about the amount of violence in the series. 电视台收到了一连串的投诉，批评电视剧中的暴力镜头太多。
• He faced a barrage of questions over his handling of the problem. 就该问题的处理方式，他受到了接二连三的质问。
UK ['bær.ɑ:ʒ] US [bə'rɑ:ʒ] noun
STRUCTURE 建筑物
countable
■a structure that is built across a river to provide water for farming, to produce electricity, or to allow boats to travel more easily 拦河坝，堰，拦河坝
• The proposed tidal barrage would generate enough electricity to supply between 60 000 and 80 000 homes. 提议修筑的拦潮坝，其发电量将足够供六万至八万户家庭使用。
n. 弹幕；阻塞；齐射式攻击； [水利] 拦河坝
 - backup, snarl-up

Word: drinker
Front: drinker
[ˈdrɪŋkə(r)] (10251/8666 -1)
Back: n. 酒徒; 喝的人; （给家禽喂水的）饮水器
分布：酒徒(60%)，酒豪(23%)，饮者(17%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
ALCOHOL 酒精
■someone who drinks alcohol 喝酒的人，饮酒者
• He's a heavy/light drinker (= drinks/does not drink a lot of alcohol). 他喝酒喝得很厉害／不多。
• I'm not much of a drinker (= I don't drink much alcohol). 我不大喝酒。
UK ['drɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
LIQUID 液体
■someone who drinks a particular drink 好饮者；喜欢喝…的人
• I'm a tea drinker really - I don't like coffee. 我很习惯喝茶——我不喜欢咖啡。
n. 酒徒；喝的人；酒豪
 - toper, tosspot

Word: inspiring
Front: inspiring
[ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ] (托雅 10256/14229)
Vocabulary: inspiring
(once / 957 pages)
adj
If you find something inspiring, it is stimulating your spirit and making you feel hopeful and ready to do something. Do you find documentaries about overcoming struggle inspiring, or is a sale at the mall more inspiring to you?
Inspiring is the adjective form of the verb inspire, which comes from the Latin word for "breath." When something is inspiring, it's as if the breath of life is coming into your body. People often describe religious experiences as inspiring, as well as stories about people who didn't give in to hardships that would have stopped other people. A majestic natural scene might be inspiring to you. An inspiring teacher gets her students excited about the subject.
WORD FAMILY
inspiring: inspiringly, uninspiring+/ inspiration: inspirational, inspirations/ inspirational: inspirationally/ inspire: inspiration, inspiratory, inspired, inspirer, inspires, inspiring / inspired: inspiredly, uninspired/inspirer: inspirers/uninspiring: uninspiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seeing what she was able to achieve was inspiring.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
This powerful, inspiring documentary about extraordinary Kazakh teenager Aisholpan Nurgaiv soars as it shows viewers why girls and women should never be underestimated.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“The future is encouraging and inspiring,” Xi enthused in his upbeat annual address.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 鼓舞人心的; 激励的; 启发灵感的
vt. 鼓舞(inspire的现在分词); 激励; 启迪
分布：鼓舞人心的(82%)，令人振奋的(9%)，激励人的(7%)，动词inspire的现在分词.(2%)
→来自inspire,启发，鼓舞。
US [-'spaɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
■encouraging, or making you feel you want to do something 鼓舞人心的
• She was an inspiring example to her followers. 她是令追随者振奋的楷模。
adj. 鼓舞人心的；灌输的；启发灵感的
 - heartening, stimulatory
v. 鼓舞；激发；使感悟（inspire的ing形式）
 - prompting

Word: savior
Front: savior
['seɪvjə] (9795/-)
Vocabulary: savior
(once / 9314 pages)
n
A savior is somebody who saves you. Say you're hanging by your fingernails from the ledge of a burning building. When the firefighter appears to carry you to safety, it would be appropriate to cry, "My savior has arrived!"
If you rescue the rarely seen white-fanged mudslide chameleon from extinction, wildlife enthusiasts would no doubt call you the creature's savior. Savior, with a capital S, is one of the names Christians use for Jesus, Savior of the World, Lord and Savior, the one who saves souls. As you've no doubt noticed, the word savior is connected to the word save, — both words come from the Latin salvare, which means simply "to save."
WORD FAMILY
savior: saviors+/ save: saved, saver, saves, saving, savior /saved: unsaved/saver: savers/saving: savingly, savings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mills said, “That’s where Miranda’s a savior. I felt dumb that I was falling for the competition.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is up to us as a people — not to any self-styled savior — to defend and strengthen our faith in our common humanity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
We need to free ourselves from the fantasy that we are world saviors or even successful cops.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 救助者; 救星; (S-)救世主; 上帝
分布：救主(88%)，救助者(9%)，救世主耶稣(2%)，=saviour.(1%)
n. 救世主；救星；救助者
 - Christ, Mahdi

Word: hacker
Front: hacker
[ˈhækə(r)] (10274/25812)
Vocabulary: hacker
(once / 1646 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A hacker is a skilled computer programmer who uses her abilities to break into the computer systems of companies or organizations.
While most people imagine a hacker as a bad guy who steals credit card information, destroys data, or is otherwise malicious and destructive, some hackers break into systems simply to test their security. There are so many hackers today that they've formed a true community and subculture. The earliest use of hacker is from 1983, from hack as "person hired to do routine work," although MIT students in the 1960's reportedly used the word hack to mean "creative prank."
WORD FAMILY
hacker: hackers+/ hack: hacked, hacker, hacking, hacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or maybe even the code running an electrical grid, such as the one Russian hackers recently tried to infiltrate in Vermont.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
They’d be well advised to fire their Growth Hackers and start prioritizing intellectual integrity over content farming.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“And it produces a lot of computer programmers. And this is the reason why there are a lot of Russian hackers.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （电脑） 黑客; 计算机迷
分布：电脑高手(100%)
→来自hack,砍，劈。后麻省理工学院学生借用该词来指电脑高手，黑客等。
US [-ɚ] noun countable (also computer hacker)
■someone who hacks into other people's computer systems 骇客，非法侵入他人电脑者

Word: scrap
Front: scrap
[skræp] (研六托雅宝 5594/5535 -2)
Vocabulary: scrap
(once / 410 pages)
1nv 2nv
A scrap is a little leftover bit of something. You might jot down notes on a scrap of paper, or you might toss a scrap of food to your happy dog.
A scrap is typically a small item that originally was part of something larger, like a scrap of fabric that was once part of a larger piece. Scrap can also describe something that’s no longer useful. For example, you might take scrap metal to the recycling center. Scrap also has a verb form that means "discard." When you scrap your plan to move to the Bahamas, that means you’re abandoning the plan.
WORD FAMILY
scrap: scrapped, scrapper, scrapping, scrappy, scraps+/scrapper: scrappers/scrappy: scrappier, scrappiest, scrappily, scrappiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the Penn State 27-yard line, receiver Deontay Burnett unilaterally decided to scrap his pass route and beeline to the end zone.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And she warned that his threat to scrap climate protection policies puts the world's future at risk.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The backlash saw sports events and concerts cancelled and businesses scrapping investment plans.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 废料; 残余物; 小片; 吵架
vt. 废弃; 取消; 抛弃; 报废
vi. 吵架，打架
adj. 废弃的; 零星的; 剩余的; 由零碎（或废料）组成的
时态：scrapped, scrapping, scraps
分布：废品(34%)，报废(30%)，打架(17%)，碎片(14%)，争斗(2%)，瘦小的人(1%)，少许(1%)，舍弃(1%)
→来自 scrape 对词形式，来自 scrape,刮，擦，磨，引申词义碎片，废料，垃圾等。
n.碎片;废料v.废弃,报废This car will soon go for scrap.这部车子很快将作为废铁处理.
【记】源于：crap（n 废物）
【反】retrieve（v 重新得到）
verb (-pp-)
THROW AWAY 扔掉
transitive
■to not continue with a system or plan 放弃；取消
• They're considering scrapping the tax and raising the money in other ways. 他们正在考虑废除这个税目，用其他方法募集款项。
• We scrapped our plans for a trip to France. 我们取消了法国之行的计划。
transitive
■to get rid of something which is no longer useful or wanted, often using its parts in new ways 销毁；毁掉
• Hundreds of nuclear weapons have been scrapped. 数百件核子武器已被销毁。
[skræp] verb (-pp-)
ARGUMENT 争论
intransitive
■to have a fight or an argument 打架，吵架
[skræp] noun
METAL 金属
uncountable
■old cars and machines or pieces of metal, etc. that are not now needed but have parts that can be used to make other things 废料，废品
• scrap iron/ metal 废铁／金属
• We've sold our old car for scrap. 我们把那辆旧车当作废品卖掉了。
[skræp] noun
SMALL PIECE 小片
countable
■a small irregular piece of something or a small amount of information 碎片，碎屑；少量（资讯）
• Have you got a scrap of paper I could write on? 你有没有可以写字的小纸片？
• I've read every scrap of information I can find on the subject. 我读了所有能找到的关于该主题的资料。
• There's not a scrap of (= no) evidence to suggest that he committed the crime. 没有任何证据显示他犯了罪。
scraps [plural]
■small bits of food which have not been eaten and which are usually thrown away 厨余； 剩菜剩饭
• We give all our scraps to our cat. 我们把剩菜剩饭都拿去喂猫了。
[skræp] noun
ARGUMENT 争论
countable
■a fight or argument, especially a quick noisy one about something not important （尤指琐事引发的短暂而吵闹的）打架，吵架
• A couple of kids were having a scrap in the street. 有几个孩子在街上打架。
shed, scrap, discard
这组词都有“抛弃、丢弃”的意思，其区别是：
shed: 指毛发、皮肤、叶等经过某种自然的过程而脱落。
scrap: 指抛弃过时不再有用的东西。
discard: 指把具体的东西抛掉不要，着重扔、丢的动作。
bit, scrap, slice, fragment, sheet, piece
这组词都有“片、块、段”的意思，其区别是：
bit: 侧重指微小，一点点，小碎片。
scrap: 侧重指废弃的零碎之物。
slice: 多指切得很薄的一片食物。
fragment: 指破裂的，不完整的，不可完整的碎片。
sheet: 侧重指平整很薄的一张或一片。
piece: 最普通用词，多指从整体上分割下来的东西，可大可小。
n. [机] 碎片；残余物；打架；少量
 - bit, debris, chip, fight
vt. 废弃；使解体；拆毁
 - out of use, disaffirm
adj. 废弃的；零碎的
 - waste, dumped
vi. 吵架
 - quarrel, exchange words

Word: polymer
Front: polymer
[ˈpɒlɪmə(r)] (六 10292/5229 -1)
Vocabulary: polymer
(once / 23592 pages)
n
A polymer is a very large, chain-like molecule made up of monomers, which are small molecules. It can be naturally occurring or synthetic.
What's a mer? — you might ask. Well, it means "part," and it works only as a suffix. Since poly- means "many," a polymer means "many parts." You'll find polymers everywhere: they're what make spandex stretch and sneakers bounce. They're the plastic drink bottles that you're always careful to recycle. Natural polymers include leather, rubber, and even the cellulose in your french fries and the protein in your chicken nuggets.
WORD FAMILY
polymer: polymeric, polymerise, polymerize, polymers+/polymerise: copolymerise, polymerisation/polymerize: copolymerize, polymerization, polymerized, polymerizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Woburn, Mass., company is working on “solid” lithium polymer batteries that greatly reduce their combustible nature.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Casey creates a prototype, now using polymer clay instead of salted dough, and sends it to the sourcing agent, who puts the design into production.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
What's needed is a more integrated approach to designing and regulating polymers in biomedicine.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 多聚物; [高分子] 聚合物
分布：聚合体(100%)
→poly-,多，复，聚，-mer,部分，词源同merit,isomer,monomer.
US ['pɑ:.lɪ.mɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a chemical substance consisting of large molecules made from many smaller and simpler molecules 聚合物，聚合体
• Many polymers, such as nylon, are artificial. 许多聚合物是人造的，比如说尼龙。
• Proteins and DNA are natural polymers. 蛋白质和去氧核糖核酸都是天然聚合体。
n. [高分子] [有化] 聚合物
 - dendrimer

Word: thrift
Front: thrift
[θrɪft] (研托 10231/15985 -2)
Vocabulary: thrift
(once / 878 pages)
1n 2n
Thrift means being very careful about how much money you spend. Reusing the same tea bag ten times so as not to waste money is a kind of thrift.
The word thrift originally referred to fortune and has come to mean the act of being economical; a thrifty person, or someone who practices thrift, is likely to be fortunate in the sense that he has savings. At a thrift store, you will find inexpensive clothing. You probably don’t want to exercise thrift when deciding on something important, like which brain surgeon to use. You may also find thrift on sunlit mountaintops, in the form of a slender-leaved plant with pink flowers.
WORD FAMILY
thrift: thriftless, thrifts, thrifty +/thriftiness: thriftinesses/thriftless: thriftlessly, thriftlessness/ thrifty: thriftier, thriftiest, thriftily, thriftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The homeless would get gift certificates at a thrift shop to replace disposed items once housing is secured.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The ugly-sweater trend started with people buying vintage sweaters from thrift shops and surplus stores.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Employees of three charities that operate thrift stores in the Lewiston-Clarkston Valley would say “No.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 节俭，节约; 茁壮成长; 〈英〉繁荣的手段，工作，劳动; [植] 海石竹
分布：节俭(65%)，节约(35%)
→来自中古英语 thriven,繁荣，兴旺，词源同 thrive,繁荣，兴旺。-th,名词后缀，后缩写自 t.词 义由繁荣，兴旺引申为节约，节俭。词义演变比较 fruitful,frugal.
n.节俭,节约,繁荣To practice thrift is a virtue.节俭是美德.
noun uncountable
AVOIDING WASTE 节俭
■the careful use of money, especially by avoiding waste 节约，节俭
[θrɪft] noun uncountable
PLANT 植物
■a small plant with, typically, pink flowers on long stems which often grows wild on cliffs by the sea 海石竹（一种小型野生植物，一般茎较长，开粉色花，常生长在海边峭岩上）
n. 节俭；节约； [植] 海石竹
 - economy, saving

Word: subgroup
Front: subgroup
[ˈsʌbgru:p] (10695/13367)
Back: n. 小群，隶属的小组织，子群
vt. 给…加副标题
分布：子群(91%)，隶属组织(9%)
→sub-,分支，分部，分，group,群体。
N-COUNT
小分组;小分队;小团体;小集团
A subgroup is a group that is part of a larger group.
例：The Action Group worked by dividing its tasks among a large number of subgroups.行动小组通过将其任务分配给多个下属小组来完成工作。
n. 小群；隶属的小组织
 - grouplet
vt. 给…加副标题
 - subtitle

Word: reflex
Front: reflex
[ˈri:fleks] (10253/10072 -1)
Vocabulary: reflex
(once / 2190 pages)
nadj
A reflex is an action your body does without your thinking about it, like sneezing, or jumping a little when you dream you’re falling. If you suddenly catch a ball before it crashes into a window, you have quick reflexes.
When a doctor hits your knee with a little hammer during a physical, it makes your leg kick, even though you didn't consciously make your leg move. The doctor is testing your reflexes — movements that happen without your control. If your reflexes aren't working, it could mean there's something wrong with your body. Putting your hands out when you fall is a reflex. So is laughing so hard you snort.
WORD FAMILY
reflex: reflexes, reflexly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was at least as much due to aging: My aesthetic reflexes weren’t fast enough to kick it with Lemonade’s immediate multimedia paradigm shift.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
When world-changing events happen, the denial reflex is strong because most rational people configure their principles around existing facts.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Instead of quick reflexes and fast action, “Superhot” places a premium on stillness.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 反应能力; 反射作用; 复印，复制; 影像，映像
adj. 反射的，反射性的; 反作用的; 反省的，回想的; 本能的
vt. 反折; 反曲; 反射
分布：反射的(54%)，反射作用(40%)，映象(6%)
→re-,向后，往回，-flex,弯，转，词源同 flexible,reflect.引申词义诸相关词义。
noun
countable
■an uncontrollable physical reaction to something 反射动作；反射作用；本能反应
• I'm sorry I punched him, it was a reflex action/response. 我很抱歉打了他，那不过是一种反射动作／本能反应而已。
reflexes [plural]
■the ability to react quickly 反应能力
• Fighter pilots need good/fast reflexes. 战斗机飞行员需要有很好／快的反应能力。
['ri:.fleks] adjective specialized
■describes an angle that is more than 180° and less than 360° 优角（描述大于180°而小于360°的一个角） Compare acute ; obtuse
n. 反射；反映；映像；回复；习惯性思维
 - feedback, mapping
adj. 反射的；反省的；反作用的；优角的
 - catoptric, repercussive

Word: consolation
Front: consolation
[ˌkɒnsəˈleɪʃn] (10267/7614)
Vocabulary: consolation
(once / 397 pages)
n
Consolation is something that makes someone feel better after they're disappointed or sad.
This is a word for things that try to console someone. A consolation prize isn't as good as first prize, but it's better than nothing. A hug is little consolation when you've had your heart broken. You give someone consolation when try to cheer them up. Consolation can be the act of making someone feel better, like trying to make them laugh, but it can also be something that makes someone happy, like a plate of warm cookies.
WORD FAMILY
consolation: consolations+/consolable: inconsolable, unconsolable/consolatory: consolatorily/ console: consolable, consolation, consolatory, consoled, consoles, consoling/consoling: consolingly/ inconsolable: inconsolably/unconsolable: unconsolably
USAGE EXAMPLES
One consolation for New Orleans: Drew Brees became the first quarterback in league history to throw for 5,000 yards five times.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As the NFL season enters the homestretch this holiday weekend, several teams will jockey for playoff position while others will seek comfort in consolation prizes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A well-executed but failed trial of FMT, therefore, would offer the consolation of new insight into the mechanism of the disease.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰，慰问; 起安慰作用的人（或事物）
分布：安慰(86%)，慰藉(14%)
安慰(console安慰,con+sole安慰)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable or uncountable
■something that makes someone who is sad or disappointed feel better; when you try to make someone who is sad or disappointed feel better by giving them comfort or sympathy 安慰；慰藉；给人带来安慰的事物
• If it's (of) any consolation (to you), you're not the only one he was rude to. 他不仅仅对你一个人粗鲁，这也许能让你略感安慰。
• I didn't know what to say - I just offered a few words of consolation. 我不知说甚么好——只是安慰了几句。
n. 安慰；慰问；起安慰作用的人或事物
 - comfort, relief, sympathy

Word: Spaniard
Front: Spaniard
['spænjə(r)d] (9004/10342)
Back: n. 西班牙人
分布：西班牙人(100%)
US [-jɚd] noun countable
■a person from Spain 西班牙人
⇒ See also Spanish

Word: intolerance
Front: intolerance
[ɪn'tɒlərəns] (10250/12422)
Vocabulary: intolerance
(once / 2581 pages)
n
Intolerance — or an unwillingness to accept the beliefs or behavior of someone different from you — is not a quality you want to have. Intolerance is what leads to hate crimes and discrimination.
The word intolerance comes from a combination of the Latin in- meaning “not” and tolerantem meaning "to bear, endure.” Intolerance is not being able to bear or endure beliefs that are different from your own. You may commonly hear of it used with respect to religious intolerance, which is an unwillingness to accept different religious beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
intolerance: intolerances+/ intolerant: intolerance, intolerantly/ tolerant: intolerant, toleranter, tolerantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seven years after that episode, in 2007, Christian chauvinists once again displayed their intolerance for other faiths when the U.S.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The prince did not mention any politicians by name but specifically focused on what he described as rising intolerance.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
When a nation fails to reckon with its past, it risks the perpetuation of intolerance on one hand, and resentment on the other.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不能容忍，不容异议，心胸狭窄; [医]不耐（性）
分布：不宽容(53%)，偏执(38%)，无法忍受(9%)
US [-'tɑ:.lɚ-] noun
uncountable
■when you refuse to accept ideas, beliefs or behaviour that are different from your own 不宽容，偏狭
• racial/religious intolerance 种族／宗教上的不宽容
• One side-effect of the drug is intolerance of (= being unable to bear) bright light. 这种药的一个副作用就是使人对强光有过敏反应。
countable or uncountable
■If you have a food intolerance, you cannot digest a particular food in a normal way and may feel ill if you eat it （对食物的）过敏，不耐受，耐受不良
• (a) food intolerance 食物不耐受
• a wheat/lactose intolerance 小麦／乳糖过敏
• Amy has an intolerance to dairy products. 埃米对乳制品过敏。
n. （尤指对别人的意见）不宽容；偏狭
 - insularity, parochialism

Word: rust
Front: rust
[rʌst] (研四六托雅 10260/14222 -1)
Vocabulary: rust
(once / 469 pages)
1nvadj 2n
Rust is the reddish-brown stuff that forms over time on metal that's gotten wet. Your dad's beat-up old car probably has some rust on it somewhere.
If you leave your bike out overnight in the rain, it'll be fine — you can dry it off the next day. If you leave it out for several rainy weeks, though, your bike will end up with rust on it. Rust appears as brown spots where the combination of water and oxygen has coated the metal with a compound that chemists call an oxide. Rust, which is also a verb, comes from a Germanic root meaning "redness."
WORD FAMILY
rust: rust-colored, rusted, ruster, rusting, rustless, rustly, rusts, rusty +/ rusty: rustier, rustiest, rustily, rustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he showed no signs of rust in his 61-minute win over Evans.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She added that cities in the Rust Belt are “all looking at how immigrant integration plays a part in that revitalization of a city.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Eve Valkyrie, meanwhile, is a full-blown multiplayer space combat sim, throwing the player into chaotic dogfights around the rusting hulks of dead spaceships.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 铁锈; 锈病，锈菌; 荒废，停滞; 锈，锈色
vt. & vi. （使）生锈; [植]害锈病; 变钝，荒废
时态：rusted, rusting, rusts
分布：生锈(54%)，铁锈(26%)，锈菌(16%)，损害(2%)，变成锈色(1%)，赤褐色(1%)
→来自古英语 rust,锈，锈蚀，来自 reudh,红色的，来自 reudh,红色的，词源同 red,russet.
n.铁锈v.(使)生锈Iron rusts easily.铁易生锈.
noun uncountable
■a reddish brown substance that forms on the surface of iron and steel as a result of decay caused by reacting with air and water 锈；铁锈
• patches of rust 斑斑锈迹
■a reddish brown colour that looks like rust 铁锈色；赭色
■any of various plant diseases that cause reddish brown spots （植物的）锈病
[rʌst] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become or cause something to become covered with rust （使）生锈
• Older cars will begin to rust. 旧车将会开始生锈。
• Years of being left out in the rain had rusted the metal chairs. 这些铁椅子由于长年在室外淋雨已经生锈了。
• The floor of the car had rusted away/through (= been destroyed by rust) , so I was careful where I put my feet. 车的底板都锈坏／烂了，所以我放脚时很小心，不能乱踩。
n. [材] [化工] 锈；生锈； [植保] 锈病
 - patination
vt. 使生锈；腐蚀
 - eat, cauterize
vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝
 - dull

Word: dispatch
Front: dispatch
[dɪˈspætʃ] (六托雅宝 7363/8486 -2)
Vocabulary: dispatch
(once / 365 pages)
1nv 2n
Anything that needs to be mailed, sent off, or quickly shipped needs to be dispatched. Letters, official reports, teams of police — if it has somewhere to be, you can dispatch it to get there.
Sometimes spelled despatch, this word was first used in the early 1500s as a verb meaning “to send off in a hurry.” These days we get hurried dispatches in noun and verb form, from journalists sending in their war zone stories to emergency squads getting dispatched to the scene of an accident. And in its most sinister sense, dispatch means to kill off without delay.
WORD FAMILY
dispatch: dispatched, dispatcher, dispatches, dispatching+/dispatcher: dispatchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aaron Rodgers threw four touchdown passes, and the Packers calmly dispatched Detroit 31-24 on Sunday night to win the NFC North title.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the age of ten, Gregor was dispatched to a boarding school of truly Dickensian awfulness.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Damrau dispatched the aria with rosy sound, agile coloratura and girlish glee.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 派遣，调度; （迅速地）发出; 迅速处理，迅速了结; 处决（罪犯等）
n. （使者等的）派遣; 急件; 迅速办理，快速处理; （记者发回的）新闻报道
时态：dispatched, dispatching, dispatches
分布：派遣(62%)，发送(22%)，急件(6%)，处死(4%)，新闻报道(4%)，迅速完成(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-patch, 锁住，脚链，词源存争议，可能来自拉丁语pedica, 脚链，词源同expedite, impeach, 或来自pangere, 固定，锁住，词源同compact, impinge. 引申词义解开，派遣。
【记】dis离开，patch妨碍－离开妨碍－迅速处理
【参】patch（n 补丁）妨碍外观
【反】leisureliness（n 悠然；从容）
(UK also despatch) [dɪ'spætʃ] verb transitive
SEND 发送
■to send something, especially goods or a message, somewhere for a particular purpose 发送，派送
• Two loads of woollen cloth were dispatched to the factory on December 12th. 12月12日两车毛料被发到工厂。
(UK also despatch) [dɪ'spætʃ] verb transitive
KILL 杀死 literary or old-fashioned
■to kill someone 杀死，结果…的性命
• Our handsome hero manages to dispatch another five villains. 我们英俊的男主人翁设法又杀死了五个坏蛋。
(UK also despatch) [dɪ'spætʃ] noun
uncountable
■when someone or something is sent somewhere 发送，派送，遣送
• the dispatch of troops 派遣部队
countable
■a newspaper report sent by someone in a foreign country, often communicating war news, or an official report, often on a military matter （常指驻外记者发来的军事方面的）新闻报道，电讯
• In her latest dispatch, Clare Duggan, our war correspondent, reported an increase in fighting. 我们的战地记者克莱尔‧达根在其最新报道中说战事正在加剧。
be mentioned in dispatches UK
■to be given a lot of praise for actions you have performed as a soldier 在战报中受到高度赞扬
• Sergeant Havers was mentioned in dispatches for his courage. 哈弗斯中士的英勇行为受到了通报表扬。
(UK also despatch) [dɪ'spætʃ] noun
with dispatch old-fashioned formal
■quickly and effectively 迅速而有效地
transmit, send, forward, deliver, ship, dispatch
这组词都有“送出，发送，传送”的意思，其区别是：
transmit: 指将文件、消息等的内容或类似的东西发至某地或传达给他人。
send: 普通最常用词，含义广。指把人或物由一地送往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容或 送的方式。
forward: 指经过其他人或手段把东西转送给某人。
deliver: 指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地，或直接交与某人，着重发送这一行为。
ship: 把通过水运、陆运或空运等方式运送东西。现常指商业上的运货，或将物品托运。
dispatch: 指为特殊目的而发送或派遣，强调紧急或快速。
haste, hurry, speed, dispatch
这组词都有“迅速，急速”的意思，其区别是：
haste: 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
hurry: 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。
speed: 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。
dispatch: 指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。
n. 派遣；急件
 - urgent-mail
vt. 派遣；分派
 - mission, send along

Word: safe
Front: safe
[seɪf] (中高研四六雅宝 1058/1244 -K4)
Back: adj. 安全的; 保险的，肯定的; 无损的; 提供保护的
n. 保险箱，保险柜; 冷藏箱; 〈俚〉避孕套
级别：safer, safest
分布：安全的(63%)，保险箱(27%)，可靠的(6%)，谨慎的(3%)，安然无恙的(1%)
→来自古法语 sauf,安全的，受保护的，来自拉丁语 salvus,安全的，健康的，完整的，来自 sol, 完整的，整个的，词源同 solid,save,salvation.字母 l 软化为 u,最终脱落。引申词义保险箱等。
a.安全的,牢靠的;谨慎的,可靠的n.保险箱The slave safely saved the sharp shavers in a cave nearby the cafeteria.奴隶将锋利的剃刀安全地保存在自助餐厅附近的洞穴里.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■not in danger or likely to be harmed 安全的；没有危险的
• In some cities you don't feel safe going out alone at night. 在某些城市，夜晚独自外出会觉得不安全。
 ESSENTIAL
■not dangerous or likely to cause harm 不会造成危险的；可靠的
• a safe play-area for children 儿童安全游乐区
• a safe driver 可靠的司机
• That ladder doesn't look safe. 那架梯子看起来不安全。
• She wished us a safe journey. 她祝我们一路平安。
• Is this medicine safe for children? 儿童使用这种药物安全吗？
• It's safe to cross the road now. 现在过马路安全了。
 ESSENTIAL
■not harmed or damaged 无损的；未受伤害的
• She said that all the hostages were safe. 她说所有的人质都平安无事。
 IMPROVER
■describes things which do not involve any risk 保险的，万无一失的
• I think we should go for the safest option (= the one that involves the least risks). 我认为我们应该选择最保险的方案。
• He never usually remembers my birthday, so it's a safe bet (= I am certain) he'll forget again this time! 他从来就记不住我的生日，我敢肯定这一次他又忘了！
■If an official position in parliament is safe, it is likely to be won by the political party which has won it at previous elections （选举中席位）十拿九稳的
• a safe Conservative seat 一个十拿九稳的保守党议席
safe and sound
■completely safe and without injury or damage 安然无恙；完好无缺
• After three days lost in the mountains, all the climbers arrived home safe and sound. 在山里迷路三天后，所有的登山者都安然无恙地回到了家。
[seɪf] adjective
as safe as houses UK
■very safe 非常安全的
[seɪf] adjective
in safe hands
■being cared for or dealt with by someone skilled 受到妥善照管；由专业人员处理
• Dr Bailey is doing the operation, so your wife is in safe hands. 贝利医生负责手术，因此你妻子很安全。
[seɪf] adjective
(just) to be on the safe side
■being especially careful in order to avoid something unpleasant 谨慎起见；以防万一
• I'm sure it won't rain, but I'll take an umbrella (just) to be on the safe side (= to be ready if it does rain). 我知道不会下雨，但是为了以防万一，我还是要带把伞。
[seɪf] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  safe or save? Warning: do not confuse the adjective safe with the verb save :
✗ You can safe a lot of time by booking your holiday online. You can save a lot of time by booking your holiday online.
[seɪf] noun countable
■a strong box or cupboard with special locks where valuable things, especially money or jewels (= precious stones) , are kept 保险箱，保险柜
• Thieves broke into/cracked (= opened by force) the safe and stole everything in it. 盗贼们撬开保险箱，偷走了里面所有的东西。
safe, secure
这组词都有“安全的”的意思，其区别是：
safe: 主要指人或物未受危险或损害。
secure: 着重指由于环境等因素而使人产生的安全感，含可以不必担心或害怕的意味。
adj. [安全] 安全的；可靠的；平安的
 - responsible, secure, honest, reliable, tried
n. [安全] 保险箱； [制冷] 冷藏室；纱橱
 - peter, strongbox

Word: nicotine
Front: nicotine
[ˈnɪkəti:n] (托宝 10295/16283 -1)
Vocabulary: nicotine
(once / 8324 pages)
n
Nicotine is a drug that's present in tobacco. People who are addicted to cigarettes are really hooked on nicotine.
Nicotine is most commonly known for occurring in tobacco, and therefore in cigarettes. In small amounts, nicotine is a stimulant, although in larger quantities it's considered a poison and is even used in many insecticides. The earliest French root of the word was nicotiane, which comes from the Modern Latin botanical term for the tobacco plant, Nicotiana, named for Jean Nicot, the French ambassador who first brought tobacco from Brazil to France in 1561.
WORD FAMILY
nicotine
USAGE EXAMPLES
Powered by a battery, e-cigarettes turn liquid nicotine into an inhalable vapor without the harmful tar generated by regular cigarettes.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But even in fetuses, the evidence for the harms associated with nicotine exposure is not enough to point toward causality.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Officials say people who need help quitting tobacco or nicotine should talk to their doctor.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 尼古丁; [化]烟碱
分布：尼古丁(100%)
→来自拉丁语Nicotiana,烟草植物的拉丁名，来自16世纪法国驻葡萄牙大使Jean Nicot,即Nicolas，因他从葡萄牙带回烟草种子到巴黎而得名。
【记】外来语，读：尼古丁
US [-tˌi:n] noun uncountable
■a poisonous chemical found in tobacco which makes people who breathe it in regularly want more of it 尼古丁，烟碱

Word: insulate
Front: insulate
[ˈɪnsjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 10264/11805 -1)
Vocabulary: insulate
(once / 1642 pages)
v
The verb insulate means "protect from heat, cold, or noise," like when you add an extra layer of clothing to insulate yourself from the cold.
You can insulate a wall to keep sound out, or insulate your house to keep cold air from getting inside. So, to insulate is to protect against unwanted changes. Sometimes this can mean keeping out the influence or beliefs of other people, like a parent who tries to insulate his children from people who have different cultures or beliefs. You can see this meaning in the origin of insulate: the Latin word insula, meaning “to make into an island.”
WORD FAMILY
insulate: insulated, insulates, insulating, insulation, insulator +/ insulation: insulations/ insulator: insulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coleman’s outdoor products include cook stoves, insulated coolers and tents.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is also insulated from the local political pressures that the District’s elected leaders face to keep crime down.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Dear Heloise: I own several of the insulated casserole caddies used for transporting and keeping food warm.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使隔离，使孤立; 使绝缘，使隔热
时态：insulated, insulating, insulates
分布：隔离(82%)，使绝缘(18%)
→来自拉丁语insula,岛，词源同isle,-ate,使。即使成孤岛的，引申词义隔热，绝缘。
隔离;使绝缘(insul+ate→变成岛的状态→偏离)[insul=isand,表示"岛屿"]
vt.隔离,孤立;使绝缘,使绝热Dust accumulated on the insulated simulator in the desolate lab.灰尘在孤独的实验室在被隔离的模拟器上堆积.
【反】expose（vt 使暴露；使曝光）
verb transitive
COVER 覆盖
■to cover and surround something with a material or substance in order to stop heat, sound or electricity from escaping or entering 使隔热；使隔音；使绝缘
• You can insulate a house against heat loss by having the windows double-glazed. 你可以给窗户装上双层玻璃来防止热量散失。
['ɪn.sjʊ.leɪt] verb transitive
PROTECT 保护
■to protect someone or something from outside influences 使隔绝，使隔离
• Children should be insulated from the horrors of war. 应该让孩子远离战争的恐怖。
• Until recently the country's economy has been insulated from recession by its reserves of raw materials. 该国由于原材料储备充足，直到最近其经济也没有受到衰退的影响。
separate, segregate, insulate, isolate
这组词都有“分开，分离，隔离”的意思，其区别是：
separate: 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate: 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate: 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
isolate: 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
vt. 隔离，使孤立；使绝缘，使隔热
 - segregant, quarantine

Word: conglomerate
Front: conglomerate
[kənˈglɒmərət] (托宝 10258/9077 -1)
Vocabulary: conglomerate
(once / 2020 pages)
vadjn
A conglomerate is a group of things, especially companies, put together to form one. If you are rich enough to buy a TV network, a record company, several newspapers, and a radio station, you too can own a media conglomerate.
The root of conglomerate is glomus, a Latin word for “ball.” So think of a conglomerate as a bunch of different things balled together. Before it came to describe giant corporations, a conglomerate was a rock formed from different kinds of minerals. Conglomerate can also be used as a verb — like when your media companies conglomerated successfully.
WORD FAMILY
conglomerate: conglomerated, conglomerates, conglomerating, conglomeration +/ conglomeration: conglomerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the founding families still dominate almost all the conglomerates, in part, critics say, because of lax enforcement of corporate governance and tax laws.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
During parliamentary hearings into the corruption scandal, top executives at Samsung and other conglomerates admitted contributing to Ms. Choi’s foundations and companies.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Irving lobbied for the law, which paved the way for the conglomerate to mine in a northern Maine deposit.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 联合大企业; 砾岩; 合成物; 组合物
adj. 成团的; 砾岩性的
vt. 使聚结; 使成团
时态：conglomerated, conglomerating, conglomerates
分布：联合企业(48%)，结合(16%)，城郊混合区(6%)，成簇的(6%)，密集体(6%)，使结成(6%)，使聚集(6%)，聚成一团的(6%)
→con-, 强调。-glom, 球，块，词源同global, agglomerate.
合并,联合[glomer=ball(球)]
【记】con共同，glomer球，团－共同聚集变成球－聚集
【参】agglomerate（vt 使成团；使成块；使凝聚）
US [-'glɑ:.mɚ-] noun
COMPANY 公司
countable
■a company that owns several smaller businesses whose products or services are usually very different 联合大企业，企业集团
• a financial/industrial conglomerate 金融／工业企业集团
UK [kən'glɒm.ər.ət] US [-'glɑ:.mɚ-] noun
ROCK 岩石
countable or uncountable specialized
■a rock which consists of small rounded stones that are held together by clay and sand 砾岩
n. [岩] 砾岩；企业集团； [动] 聚合物
 - enterprise group, keiretsu
adj. 成团的；砾岩性的
 - volumed

Word: honorary
Front: honorary
[ˈɒnərəri] (10265/6590 -1)
Vocabulary: honorary
(once / 1812 pages)
adj
Honorary titles or awards are given to people out of respect.
There's a big difference between a regular Ph.D. and an honorary Ph.D. To get the regular one, you have to go to school for many years. On the other hand, an honorary Ph.D. is given to a respected or beloved person who didn’t go through the program. An honorary position in a government may sound fancy, but it carries no power or responsibilities (and is usually unpaid). In many ways, it’s not a real position. Honorary things are just titles.
WORD FAMILY
honorary: honorarily+/ dishonor: dishonorable, dishonored, dishonoring, dishonors/ dishonorable: dishonorableness, dishonorably, dishonourably/ honor: dishonor, honorable, honorary, honored, honoree, honoring, honors/ honorable: honorableness, honorablest, honorably/honoree: honorees
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2016, Morales was named an honorary citizen of Houston, Texas, for his contribution to music.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Reynolds received an honorary Oscar in 2015, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, but was too ill to attend the ceremony.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
The St. Joseph Republican is proposing a gift ban with an exception for honorary plaques.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 荣誉的，光荣的; 名誉的，名誉上的; 道义上的; 纪念性的
n. 名誉学位; 获名誉学位者; 名誉团体
分布：名誉的(49%)，荣誉的(32%)，道义上的(19%)
→honor,尊敬，荣誉，-ary,形容词后缀。即荣誉性的，引申词义义务的。
荣誉的(honor荣誉)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
US ['ɑ:.nə.rer.i] adjective
■(especially of a degree) given as an honour to someone who has not finished a course of study （尤指学位）荣誉的，名誉的
• She received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University in recognition of her work for the homeless. 她获授牛津大学荣誉博士头衔，以表彰她为无家可归者所做的工作。
■An honorary position in an organization is one for which no payment is made 名誉职位
• Charities often have a well-known person as their honorary treasurer. 慈善机构常常请一位名人担任他们的荣誉总务。
adj. 荣誉的；名誉的；道义上的
 - laureate

Word: receptionist
Front: receptionist
[rɪˈsepʃənɪst] (高托雅 10281/8900 -1)
Vocabulary: receptionist
(once / 18526 pages)
n
If you work as a receptionist in an office, you'll greet visitors and answer the phone. The receptionist in a dentist's office is usually the person to schedule your next appointment.
Most offices have a receptionist, a type of secretary who's typically the first person you see when you walk into the room. Hotels often describe this person as a "desk clerk," but this is essentially a receptionist who books reservations and hands you your room key when you check in. The word receptionist dates from about 1900, when the earliest receptionists were hired to work in photography studios.
WORD FAMILY
receptionist: receptionists+/ receive: receivable, received, receiver, receives, receiving, reception, receptive, receptor, recipient /receiver: receivers, receivership/receivership: receiverships/ reception: receptionist, receptions/ receptive: receptively, receptiveness, receptivity, unreceptive/ receptivity: receptivities/receptor: receptors/ recipient: recipients
USAGE EXAMPLES
Angelina Izzo, who works as a receptionist at a health care center next to the estate, said the mansion was “very quiet.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The receptionist told me to call reservations back.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Then one day, while waiting for a medical appointment, William heard the receptionist call his name.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 接待员
分布：接待员(98%)，接线生(2%)
→来自 reception,接待，-ist,人。
noun countable
■a person who works in a place such as a hotel, office or hospital, who welcomes and helps visitors and answers the telephone 接待员；招待员
n. 接待员；传达员
 - greeter, dest clerk

Word: transmitter
Front: transmitter
[trænsˈmɪtə(r)] (托 10271/10205 -1)
Back: n. 传送者; 传达者; 发射机; 发报机
分布：发射机(86%)，发射台(6%)，送话器(5%)，传播者(3%)
→transmit,传送，发射，-er,表物。
US [træns'mɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■a piece of equipment for broadcasting radio or television signals （广播、电视信号的）发射台，发射机
• a TV/radio transmitter 电视／广播发射台
n. [电讯] [通信] 发射机，发报机；传达人
 - sender, communicator

Word: ivy
Front: ivy
[ˈaɪvi] (9013/10684 -1)
Vocabulary: ivy
(once / 918 pages)
n
Ivy is a plant that climbs fences and trellises, or creeps along the ground as it grows. Most ivy has dark, shiny leaves with five points.
There are many types of ivy, from English ivy (which you can also grow indoors), to the true ivy's close relative, poison ivy, which is famously irritating, causing a terrible, itchy rash. Ivies are evergreen, which means they keep their green leaves in the winter. The so-called "Ivy League" is a group of eight selective colleges (including Harvard and Princeton), given this name for the ivy that creeps up many of the campuses' old brick buildings.
WORD FAMILY
ivy: ivies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Back then, the sport was played almost exclusively at Ivy League schools.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Monmouth, in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference, and Princeton, in the Ivy League, are seen as favorites to win their conference titles this season.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It also will not compete in the Ivy League championship in February.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [植]常春藤
adj. 常春藤联盟的
分布：常春藤(98%)，学院的(2%)
→词源不详。可能来自wei,编织，缠绕，词源同vine,wind,weave.引申词义藤蔓，藤蔓植物。
noun countable or uncountable
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) plant which often grows up trees or buildings 常春藤
• Ivy covered the broken walls. 断墙上爬满了常春藤。
• Variegated ivies (= types of ivy) are a popular choice for covering fences. 各种各样的常春藤常用来覆盖栅栏。
n. 常春藤
 - bindwood, hedera helix

Word: cheerleader
Front: cheerleader
[ˈtʃɪəli:də(r)] (10262/36023 -1)
Vocabulary: cheerleader
(once / 9571 pages)
n
A cheerleader is a member of a team that performs synchronized cheers and dance routines, usually from the sidelines of a game. The best cheerleaders are extremely strong and flexible, with a great sense of rhythm.
The main job of a cheerleader is to rally a sports team to victory, although many cheerleaders also perform complex acrobatic routines. The traditional uniform that a cheerleader wears includes a short skirt or shorts. In the late 19th century, cheerleaders were simply college students in the stands who called out school cheers in unison. By the 1890s, official cheerleading squads were formed, originally including only men — no women or girls were cheerleaders until 1923.
WORD FAMILY
cheerleader: cheerleaders+/cheerlead: cheerleader, cheerleading, cheerleads
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cheerleaders kept their game face through cascades of running mascara.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s a nutcracker cheerleader, dressed in Pottsville Crimson Tide red and white.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She’s an appealing, lightly comic figure whose main job is to be Paterson’s helpmate — his chef, cheerleader and, of course, muse.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 啦啦队队长; （强有力的）支持者
分布：啦啦队长(89%)，支持者(11%)
→来自cheer和leader的组合词。
US ['tʃɪrˌli:.dɚ] noun countable
■(especially in America) a person, usually a woman or girl, who leads the crowd in shouting encouragement and supporting a team at a sports event （尤指美国）啦啦队队员（通常为女性）
• She was a cheerleader for the Dallas Cowboys. 她是达拉斯牛仔队的啦啦队队员。

Word: sealed
Front: sealed
[si:ld] (10282/9472)
Back: adj. 未知的，密封的
v. 密封( seal的过去式和过去分词 ); 决定; 确定; 封上（信封）
分布：密封的(83%)，封口的(14%)，动词seal的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
adjective
■closed 封闭的；密封的
• The teacher opened the sealed envelope containing the exam papers. 老师打开了装有试卷的密封袋。
adj. [机] 密封的；未知的
 - unknown, tight
v. 封闭；盖印（seal的过去分词）
 - imprinted

Word: disproportionate
Front: disproportionate
[ˌdɪsprəˈpɔ:ʃənət] (六托 10266/11534 -1)
Vocabulary: disproportionate
(once / 2634 pages)
adj
If three friends are out having dinner, and one disappears when the check comes, the remaining two end up paying a disproportionate share of the bill. Whenever anything is out of proportion — either too large or too small — it's disproportionate.
If you live in New York or Los Angeles or another very expensive city, you probably spend a disproportionate amount of your income on housing — meaning you pay more than you'd expect. If you have a sweet deal somewhere and pay very little in rent, it's still disproportionate — only this time it's less than you'd expect.
WORD FAMILY
disproportionate: disproportionately+/ proportionate: disproportionate, proportionately, proportionateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A disproportionate number of these are people of color.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The appeals court ruled the relatively modest fine wasn’t a disproportionate penalty compared with the seriousness of her crime.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Pablo and Coloring Book gobbled up a disproportionate amount of my listening time and intellectual and spiritual energy this year.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不成比例的; 不相称的; 不均衡的; 打破平衡
分布：不成比例的(55%)，不相称的(31%)，不均衡的(14%)
US [-'pɔ:r-] adjective
■too large or too small in comparison to something else, or not deserving its importance or influence 不成比例的；不相称的；不协调的；太大（或太小）的
• There are a disproportionate number of girls in the class. 这个班里女孩的人数特别多。
• The country's great influence in the world is disproportionate to its relatively small size. 该国在世界上的巨大影响力与其相对较小的面积有些不相称。

Word: bailout
Front: bailout
[ˈbeɪlaʊt] (10272/-)
Back: n. （公司所受的）紧急援助; 跳伞; 抽资
分布：紧急融资(100%)
['beɪl.aʊt] mainly US
noun countable usually singular
■when someone helps a person or organization that is in difficulty, usually by giving or lending them money （通常指从经济上）帮助（某人或机构）脱离困境
• Three years of huge losses forced the bank to seek a government bailout. 长达三年的巨额亏损迫使银行向政府寻求援助。
• The Clinton administration last winter assembled the $50 billion emergency bailout package to ease a financial crisis in Mexico. 去年冬天，克林顿政府筹划了一连串总值达500亿美元的紧急经济缓助计划，以舒缓墨西哥的金融危机。
n. 紧急救助；跳伞
 - parachuting

Word: audition
Front: audition
[ɔ:ˈdɪʃn] (托雅 10280/12593 -1)
Vocabulary: audition
(once / 5051 pages)
1vn 2n
An audition is a tryout for a role in a movie, orchestra, or play. If you bomb the audition, you probably won't make it into the cast.
When describing a tryout in which an actor, singer, musician, or dancer tries to prove that he or she is talented enough to earn a part in a show, audition is used as a noun. The word can also be used as a verb, as in, "I auditioned for the part of Peter Pan, but every time I tried to fly I fell flat on my face." Audition shares a common heritage with audience, the group of people who will eventually watch the show for which a performer has auditioned. Both words come from the Middle French term meaning "power of hearing."
WORD FAMILY
audition: auditioned, auditioning, auditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
And those qualities are what led the singer’s representatives to arrange auditions for other TV shows, including “Empire” and “Underground,” neither of which she booked.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s quite a way to do an audition!
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The first was when she was just a high school freshman in Nebraska, and her sewing teacher recommended she audition for Omaha Fashion Week.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 听力; 听觉; 试听; 试音
vi. 试听; 试音
vt. 对…进行面试; 让…试唱
时态：auditioned, auditioning, auditions
分布：试镜(34%)，听(26%)，试听(21%)，试音(10%)，听力(9%)
【记】audi听－听新演员唱－试唱
【参】auditorium（n 听众席，观众席）；audit（n 审计，旁听）
US [ɑ:-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a short performance that an actor, musician, dancer, etc. gives in order to show their ability and suitability for a particular play, film, show, etc. （演员、音乐家、舞蹈员等的）试镜，试奏，试唱，试演
• His audition went well and he's fairly hopeful about getting the part. 他试镜时表现出色，很有希望能获得这个角色。
• The director is holding auditions next week for the major parts. 导演将在下周举行试演，以确定主要角色的人选。
UK [ɔ:'dɪʃ.ən] US [ɑ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to give a short performance in order to show your suitability for a role in a film, play, show, etc., or to make someone do this （使）试镜；（使）试奏；（使）试唱；（使）试演
• I'm auditioning for the part of Lady Macbeth. 我将参加试演，看能否出演麦克白夫人这个角色。
• We're auditioning local rock bands for the music festival. 我们正在听当地的摇滚乐队试唱，以遴选出最好的一队参加音乐节。
n. 听力， [生理] 听觉；试听
 - hearing, ear

Word: All-American

Word: Portuguese
Front: Portuguese
[.pɔː(r)tʃʊ'ɡiːz] (四六 10285/7757)
Back: n. 葡萄牙语；葡萄牙人
adj. 葡萄牙的；葡萄牙人的；葡萄牙语的
分布：葡萄牙语(35%)，葡萄牙人(25%)，葡萄牙语的(14%)，葡萄牙的(14%)，葡萄牙人的(12%)
→来自Portugal, 葡萄牙。
US [ˌpɔ:r-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Portugal 葡萄牙的；葡萄牙人的
• Portuguese food/customs 葡萄牙食品／风俗
UK [ˌpɔ:.tʃə'gi:z] US [ˌpɔ:r-] noun
uncountable
■the language of Portugal 葡萄牙语
countable
■a person from Portugal 葡萄牙人
• There are six Spaniards and a Portuguese in the class. 班上有六个西班牙人和一个葡萄牙人。

Word: anti-war
Front: anti-war
['æntɪ'wɔ:] None
Back: 反战
分布：反战的(100%)
US [-tˌi'wɔ:r] adjective
■opposed to a particular war or to all wars 反战争的
• anti-war protestors 反战抗议者
• an anti-war demonstration 反战示威

Word: operative
Front: operative
[ˈɒpərətɪv] (宝 10270/11393 -2)
Vocabulary: operative
(once / 1140 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n
Bond, James Bond, is perhaps the most famous fictional operative of our time. Martini-drinking, globe-trotting, and womanizing aside, let us not forget his primary role as a government secret agent — collecting intelligence and bringing down the world's enemies.
As a noun, operative is often used as a synonym for spy. It can also, less covertly, be used to name a skilled worker, as in "No one aligns gears better than Joe, an operative at the car factory." As an adjective, operative can mean that something is working, as in "an operative car alarm." Finally, operative can mean "the most important or effective word." James Bond is a fictional operative, and the operative word in that statement is fictional.
WORD FAMILY
operative: inoperative, operatively, operatives, postoperative, preoperative +/ inoperable: inoperably/interoperable: interoperability/ operable: inoperable, interoperable/ operate: operable, operated, operates, operating, operation, operative, operator / operation: operational, operations/ operational: nonoperational, operationalism, operationally/operationalism: operationalist/ operator: operators/postoperative: postoperatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, the locations served as retreats for Russian diplomats and intelligence operatives.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It is the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s job to identify and track the operatives, part of a routine cat-and-mouse game.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the CIA’s annual Memorial Wall ceremony in 2000, Kirzinger said Tenet’s vivid remarks about the slain operatives inspired his project.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 手术的; （计划、法律等）实施中的，起作用的; 最适合的; 关键词句
n. 工作人员; （尤指）体力劳动者; 密探; （尤指政府的）特工人员
分布：有效的(61%)，侦探(16%)，技工(13%)，运作的(5%)，至关重要的(5%)
→来自operate,运作，操作。
US ['ɑ:.pɚ.ə.tˌɪv] noun countable formal
■a worker, especially one who is skilled in working with their hands 工人；（尤指）技工
• a factory operative 工厂技工
■mainly US
■a person who works secretly for an organization 密探；特工人员
• a CIA operative 中央情报局特工
UK ['ɒp.ər.ə.tɪv] US ['ɑ:.pɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective formal
■working or being used 有效的；实施中的；使用中的
• The agreement will not become operative until all members have signed. 所有的成员都签字后，协议才会生效。
Opposite inoperative
UK ['ɒp.ər.ə.tɪv] US ['ɑ:.pɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective formal
the operative word
■the most important word in a phrase, which explains the truth of a situation 关键词；最重要的词
• He was a painter - 'was' being the operative word since he died last week. 他曾经是位画家——“曾经”是关键词，因为他上周去世了。
adj. 有效的；运转着的；从事生产劳动的
 - valid, available, effective, virtual, telling
n. 侦探；技工
 - hawkshaw, intelligencer

Word: township
Front: township
[ˈtaʊnʃɪp] (10263/9202 -2)
Back: n. 小镇; 镇区; 种族
分布：镇区(100%)
noun countable
■a South African town where only black people lived during apartheid （南非种族隔离时期的）黑人城镇，黑人居住区
• a black township 黑人城镇
• the township of Soweto 索韦托黑人城镇
• township music 黑人城镇音乐
■in the US and Canada, a unit of local government consisting of a town and the area surrounding it （美国和加拿大的）镇区
• the township of Dulce, New Mexico 新墨西哥州杜尔塞镇区
• Princeton Township 普林斯顿镇
n. 镇区；小镇
 - little town

Word: dissatisfied
Front: dissatisfied
[dɪsˈsætɪsfaɪd] (10269/8469 -1)
Vocabulary: dissatisfied
(once / 1047 pages)
adj
If you're dissatisfied, you're not happy — you're annoyed and disgruntled. You probably don't enjoy eating out with your parents if they're always dissatisfied with the food they order.
You might be dissatisfied with the final episode of your favorite TV show, or dissatisfied with your grades n German last semester. In either case, you're not pleased. A slightly different way to be dissatisfied is to be unconvinced: "She was dissatisfied with the answer he gave when she asked when he planned to pay back the money he owed her." Dissatisfied combines dis-, "not," and satisfied, from a Latin root, satisfacere, "do enough."
WORD FAMILY
dissatisfied: dissatisfiedly+/ dissatisfaction: dissatisfactions/dissatisfactory: dissatisfactorily/ dissatisfy: dissatisfaction, dissatisfactory, dissatisfied, dissatisfies, dissatisfying/ satisfaction: satisfactions, self-satisfaction/ satisfactory: satisfactorily, satisfactoriness, unsatisfactory/satisfiable: unsatisfiable/ satisfied: satisfiedest, satisfiedly, self-satisfied, unsatisfied/satisfier: satisfiers/ satisfy: dissatisfy, satisfaction, satisfactory, satisfiable, satisfied, satisfier, satisfies, satisfying/satisfying: satisfyingly, unsatisfying/unsatisfactory: unsatisfactorily, unsatisfactoriness/unsatisfiable: unsatisfiably/unsatisfying: unsatisfyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though Ivanovic peaked early, she said she was not dissatisfied.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Even more Kansans - 74 percent - are dissatisfied with Brownback’s job performance.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Bossie frequently clashed with Mr. Priebus, and Mr. Trump was dissatisfied with him by the end of the campaign.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 感到不满的，不满意的，不高兴的; 显出不满的
v. 使不满意
分布：不满意的(72%)，不高兴的(24%)，动词dissatisfy的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
US [-'sætˌ.əs-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not pleased with something; feeling that something is not as good as it should be 不满的，不满意的
• If you're dissatisfied with the service, why don't you complain to the hotel manager? 如果你对饭店的服务不满意，为甚么不去向经理投诉呢？
adj. 不满意的；不高兴的；流露不满的
 - unsatisfied, joyless

Word: anthology
Front: anthology
[ænˈθɒlədʒi] (托雅宝 10276/15096 -1)
Vocabulary: anthology
(once / 3275 pages)
n
A collection of writings is an anthology. The heavy textbooks that span the literature of an entire culture and that school children transport in over-sized backpacks with wheels? Those are anthologies.
An anthology used to be just a collection of poetry, and the word came from the 17th-century Greek word anthologia for "flower gathering" or "collecting." A contemporary anthology can include anything from classic literature to rap music lyrics. Often an anthology focuses on one type, or genre, of writing, as in an anthology of horse riding haikus, or even an anthology of writings on writing. However, sometimes textbook-style anthologies — like Global Literature — will ambitiously try to include works from writers throughout the ages and from throughout the world.
WORD FAMILY
anthology: anthologies, anthologise, anthologist, anthologize+/anthologist: anthologists/anthologize: anthologized, anthologizes, anthologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While shooting the movie, Gerwig toted around a copy of Susan Sontag’s book “On Photography” or the ’70s feminist essay anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Last year, those projects — other than the fund-raising for Anthology — produced tangible results.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As seductive as the idea and as likable as its executor are, the anthology is handicapped by two serious problems.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （诗、文等的）选集
分布：选集(74%)，文选(26%)
→词根anth，花。词根log, 摘，拾，收集，此处用摘花比喻选出好的文章。同leg, 本义为摘，拾，见collect, 收集，elect, 选出。引申义1）法律，收集的规则，见legal, 合法的。2）词，说话，见lecture, 演讲，lexicon,词典。3）木头，煤，指收集的木头，见ligneous, 木质的，lignite, 褐煤。
选集[anth=flower(花)]
【记】antho花束，logy＝logos集合－像花一样的集合－诗集
【参】anthesis（n 开花期）；chrysanthemum（n 菊花）
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best （艺术作品的）选集；（常指）精选集
• an anthology of modern quotations/American verse 现代名言集粹／美国诗歌选集
• This Bob Dylan anthology includes some rare recordings of his best songs. 巴布‧狄伦的这张歌曲集收录了他一些最佳歌曲的珍贵录音。
Compare omnibus
n. （诗、文、曲、画等的） [图情] 选集
 - selection, selected works

Word: notoriously
Front: notoriously
[nəʊ'tɔ:rɪəslɪ] (托 10287/8682)
Back: adv. 恶名昭彰地; 声名狼藉地; 著名地; 众所周知地
分布：众所周知地(75%)，臭名昭著地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
声名狼藉的;臭名昭著的;众所周知的
To be notorious means to be well-known for something bad.
例：...an area notorious for drugs, crime and violence...因毒品、犯罪和暴力而臭名昭著的地区
例：She told us the story of one of Britain's most notorious country house murders.她给我们讲述了英国最有名的一起乡村别墅谋杀案。
adv. 众所周知地；声名狼藉地；恶名昭彰地
 - arrantly

Word: herring
Front: herring
[ˈherɪŋ] (10304/9934 -1)
Vocabulary: herring
(once / 1349 pages)
n
A herring is a small, silver fish. Most herring that's caught for food is prepared by being smoked, salted, or pickled.
The majority of herring is caught in the Atlantic, though the fish is found in both the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans. Because it's very high in the famously healthy Omega-3 fats, herring is considered a healthful fish for people to eat. Herrings is also used as bait for catching larger fish. Although the source of the word herring is uncertain, many experts see a link to the Old English har, or "gray."
WORD FAMILY
herring: herrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a transitional, fragmented episode built around narrative red herrings,” Mike Hale wrote in The New York Times.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The killers are typically young men who appear to be pulling the trigger to settle arguments, Herring and Durham said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s a transitional, fragmented episode built around narrative red herrings.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鲱鱼
分布：鲱(86%)，青鱼(14%)
→来自古英语har,灰白色，词源同hoar.因这种鱼灰白色的颜色而得名。
noun countable or uncountable (plural herrings or herring)
■a long silvery coloured fish which swims in large groups in the sea, or its flesh eaten as food 鲱鱼；鲱鱼肉

Word: vacancy
Front: vacancy
[ˈveɪkənsi] (托雅 10277/6416 -1)
Vocabulary: vacancy
(once / 1046 pages)
n
Vacancy refers to something being unoccupied. If a hotel has vacancies, there are rooms available.
Have you ever noticed a store that's boarded up and empty, with signs like "For sale" or "For rent"? That's an example of vacancy: the store has no one in it. An unrented apartment is a vacancy, as is a house with no one living in it. Hotels put up a sign saying "No vacancies" when they have every room filled. It could help you remember what vacancy means if you know that a vacant lot is an empty lot.
WORD FAMILY
vacancy: vacancies+/ vacant: vacancy, vacantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
House Minority Leader Don Turner, a Republican, says there is no vacancy on the court.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Moon says he will probably try again to adopt the same requirements for General Assembly vacancies.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The job vacancy will be created when Republican John Kennedy is sworn in Tuesday as Louisiana’s newest U.S. senator.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 空缺; 空虚; 空白; 空位
分布：空缺(84%)，空白(14%)，失神(2%)
空白,空缺(vac空+ancy)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
noun countable
■a space or place which is available to be used 空处；空位
• We wanted to book a hotel room in July but there were no vacancies. 我们想预订七月份的饭店房间，但是已经没有空房了。
• The dentist can't see you today but she has a vacancy tomorrow morning. 牙医今天不能给你看病，不过她明天上午有空。
• There are still some vacancies for students in science and engineering courses, but the vacancies in humanities have been filled. 理工科课程还有听课名额，而人文学科课程已经招满了。
■a job that no one is doing and is therefore available for someone new to do （职位）空缺
• There is a vacancy for a shop assistant on Saturdays. 商店有个星期六上班的店员职位空缺。
n. 空缺； [电子] 空位；空白；空虚
 - gap, blank

Word: regiment
Front: regiment
[ˈredʒɪmənt] (六宝 10298/4391 -2)
Vocabulary: regiment
(once / 131 pages)
nv
Use the word regiment to describe a military unit that is smaller than a division: “Geoff’s new regiment consisted of three battalions that had been based in Alabama.”
Most often used as a noun to describe a military unit made up of several battalions, the word regiment can also be used as a verb. If you ever need to assign troops to a regiment, you might say something like, “Next week I will regiment the ground forces arriving from North Dakota.” The verb form can also be used in a more general sense to describe any action that is characterized by strict order or control: "Her diet is strictly regimented to include only Sugar Babies."
WORD FAMILY
regiment: regimental, regimentation, regimented, regimenting, regiments+/regimental: regimentally/regimentation: regimentations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soldier served in the 2nd Battalion, Duke of Lancaster's Regiment.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The grist and sawmill complex was the scene of a clash between Union and Confederate regiments on Aug. 1, 1864.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But in China’s rigid table tennis system, many aspects of his life were strictly regimented — none more than his playing style.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （军队的）团; 大量的人或物
vt. 严格地管制，严密地编组
时态：regimented, regimenting, regiments
分布：组织(60%)，严格管制(20%)，组编成团(20%)
→来自拉丁语 regere,统治，管理，词源同 regulate.-ment,名词后缀。后用于军事序列指团。
【记】reg统治，iment：需要团长严格管制的就是团
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of soldiers, or (more generally) any large number of things or people （军队的）团；大批，大群（事物或人）
• Regiments are usually commanded by a colonel and are sometimes made up of soldiers from a particular city or part of the country. 团通常由上校指挥，有时其士兵都来自某个城市或国家的某个特定地区。
n. 团；大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, mass

Word: unbearable
Front: unbearable
[ʌnˈbeərəbl] (高四六托 10284/9826 -1)
Vocabulary: unbearable
(once / 1540 pages)
adj
When something's unbearable, you just can't take it. Your neighbor's loud music was always annoying, but when the walls shook until your favorite vase fell and broke you knew it had become unbearable.
If you look at the adjective unbearable and strip away the prefix un- and the suffix -able, you have the word bear, meaning "to endure." Now put back those add-ons and you end up with a word that means "not able to endure." In other words, you can't stand it. You thought that your job as a police officer was tough until you volunteered to umpire a little league ballgame — the pressure was unbearable!
WORD FAMILY
unbearable: unbearably+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearer: bearers/ bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/ forebear: forebears/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The idea is to hold two electrodes until the pain is unbearable – and pay for the experience.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
I didn’t want to see his things hanging around the house, while the thought of losing them was unbearable.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When my selection grew unbearable, I would unplug and just walk around singing my favorite Christmas songs to myself.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以忍受的，不能忍受的，经受不住的; 承受不住的
分布：无法忍受的(100%)
US [-'ber.ə-] adjective
■too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience 无法忍受的
• All I remember of childbirth was the unbearable pain and the relief when it was all over. 分娩过程给我留下的记忆就是无法忍受的疼痛和一切结束后的轻松。
• The atmosphere at work at the moment is quite unbearable. 目前的工作氛围真令人难以忍受。
• The heat was unbearable. 热得令人难以忍受。
adj. 难以忍受的；承受不住的
 - impossible, insufferable

Word: imprint
Front: imprint
[ɪmˈprɪnt] (托宝 10278/11923 -1)
Vocabulary: imprint
(once / 1397 pages)
1vn 2vn
To imprint is to mark or stamp something, like with the name of a publisher. It also can refer to any kind of impression or influence.
You can imprint or leave imprints — the word is happy as a verb or a noun. You can literally imprint something with a stamp of your initials. You can even make an imprint on a bed just by lying on it. Branding is a type of imprinting too. Also, if someone changed your life, she left an imprint on you. You can hear the imprint (influence) of the blues on any rock and roll song. All imprints leave a mark.
WORD FAMILY
imprint: imprinted, imprinting, imprints+/imprinting: imprintings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The experience left a lasting imprint on the president, his aides said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Threshold Editions, the imprint publishing “Dangerous,” was founded, in 2006, with a politically conservative mission.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
In an emailed statement, it said that 15 of the more than 300 books it wrote about last year were Simon & Schuster imprint books.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 盖印; 痕迹; 特征; 版权标记
v. 盖（印）; 刻上（记号）; 使铭记
时态：imprinted, imprinting, imprints
分布：印记(49%)，印象(15%)，痕迹(13%)，特征(6%)，盖印(6%)，加特征(4%)，刻上记号(4%)，铭记(3%)
→im-,进入，使，print,按，压，印痕。引申词义印在里面的，铭刻，铭记。
【记】im进入，print（v 印刷；出版）－盖印
verb transitive /ɪmˈprɪnt/
■to mark a surface by pressing something hard into it 印，压印
■to fix an event or experience so firmly in the memory that it cannot be forgotten although you do not try to remember it 铭刻，使铭记
• That look of grief would be imprinted on her mind forever. 那种悲伤的神情会永远印在她的脑海中。
noun]ˈɪm.prɪnt/
BOOK 书
countable
■the name of a publisher (= a company that produces books) as it appears on a particular set of books （印在书籍上的）出版商名称
noun]ˈɪm.prɪnt/
MARK 标记
countable usually singular
■when an object presses on something and leaves a mark 压痕，痕迹
• The button had left an imprint on my arm. 这颗钮扣在我的手臂上留下了一个印痕。
only singular
■when an event or experience becomes fixed in someone's memory or leaves its mark in some way on their appearance 深刻印象；持久影响
• War has left its imprint on the strained faces of these people. 战争在这些人饱经沧桑的脸上留下了痕迹。
n. 印记； [法] 痕迹；特征；版本说明
 - mark, print, characteristic, trace

Word: poll
Front: poll
[pəʊl] (研四六托宝 1623/2272 -4)
Vocabulary: poll
(once / 259 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4v 5n
A poll is an election, or a survey of people's opinions. When people go to the polls, they vote.
If you poll your classmates about their favorite foods, you survey them and take note of their opinions — in other words, they each cast a vote. This is also what happens when voters go to the polls, although they're voting for political candidates and their votes are anonymous. The original fourteenth century meaning of poll was "hair on the head" or just "head." This gradually evolved into "person," and the idea of "counting heads."
WORD FAMILY
poll: polled, polling, polls, pollster +/ pollster: pollsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its study, by general secretary Andrew Harrop, was based on recent election results and polling.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The party now looks set for a split with both groups approaching the Election Commission to claim the SP's poll symbol, the bicycle.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A poll this fall by the Kaiser Family Foundation found only 37 percent believe repealing the Affordable Care Act should be a top priority.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 民意调查; 投票选举; 投票数; 头部
vt. 得到（一定数目的）选票; 对…进行调查; 修剪; 修剪
vi. 投票; 作民意调查
时态：polled, polling, polls
分布：投票(50%)，民意测验(45%)，票数(3%)，获得 ... 票(1%)，做民意测验(1%)
→来自中古英语polle,头皮，头部，头，来自中古德语pol,头，顶点，顶部，来自Proto-Germanic*pullaz,头，头顶，圆形物体，来自boul,圆形物体，鼓起，泡沫，来自beu,吹，膨胀，鼓起，词源同ball,pouch,.引申词义数人头，投票，投票选举，民意调查以及动词词义剪头，剪枝，修剪等。
n.民意测验;(pl.)政治选举v.获得...选票The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
US [poʊl] noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a study in which people are asked for their opinions about a subject or person 民意测验，民意调查
• We're carrying out/conducting a poll to find out what people think about abortion. 我们正在进行一项民意调查，了解人们对堕胎的看法。
• The latest opinion poll puts the Democrats in the lead. 最新的一项民意调查显示民主党领先。
the polls [plural]
■the places where people vote in a political election 投票处
• The TV stations agreed not to announce the projected winner until after the polls closed. 电视台同意等到所有的投票点都关闭后再宣布预测的获胜者。
go to the polls
■to vote 投票，去投票
• The country will go to the polls on September 13th. 该国将于9月13日举行投票。
UK [pəʊl] US [poʊl] verb transitive
ELECTION 选举
■When a person or a political party polls a particular number of votes in an election, they receive that number 获得（若干选票）
• With nearly all the votes counted, Mr Soto had polled 67% of the vote. 统计了几近所有选票后，索托先生获得了67%的选票。
UK [pəʊl] US [poʊl] verb transitive
OPINION 观点
■to ask a person for their opinion as part of a general study of what people think about a subject 对…进行民意调查
• Half the people polled said they would pay more for environmentally-friendly food. 半数受调者说他们愿意多花钱买环保食物。
n. 投票；民意测验；投票数；投票所
 - vote, referendums
vt. 投票；剪短；对…进行民意测验；获得选票
 - crop, cast one's vote
vi. 投票
 - cast one's vote, ballot
adj. 无角的；剪过毛的；修过枝的
 - hummel, hornless

Word: eloquent
Front: eloquent
[ˈeləkwənt] (研六托雅 10294/11358 -1)
Vocabulary: eloquent
(once / 201 pages)
adj
When you're eloquent, you have a way with words. An eloquent speaker expresses herself clearly and powerfully. Even though eloquent usually describes oral speech, it can also be used to describe powerful writing.
Being eloquent is about using words well. All the great writers from English class — such as Shakespeare, Mark Twain, Emily Dickinson, and Virginia Woolf — were eloquent. A great orator or speaker like Martin Luther King was eloquent. When something is beautifully, gorgeously, perfect said (or written), it's eloquent. Being eloquent requires your words to be smooth, clear, powerful, and interesting. To write or speak in an eloquent way takes a lot of work.
WORD FAMILY
eloquent: eloquence, eloquenter, eloquentest, eloquently+/elocute: elocutes, elocuting, elocution, eloquent / elocution: elocutionary, elocutionist/elocutionist: elocutionists/ eloquence: eloquences/eloquently: ineloquently
USAGE EXAMPLES
These brief yet complex stories, distilled from witness testimony, engage the reader in an eloquent plea for our common humanity.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Thank you, Elizabeth Fuller, for your eloquent comment.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
I discovered that the voice itself is a powerful and eloquent language that doesn’t need words.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 雄辩的，有口才的; 有说明力的; 富于表情的，逼真的; 动人的
分布：雄辩的(67%)，有口才的(17%)，动人的(16%)
→e-, 向外。-loq, 说，词源同locution, colloquy.
有说服力的(e+loqu+ent)[loqu,locu=speak,表示"说话"]
a.雄辩的,有说服力的;善辩的,口才流利的Subsequently the eloquent man frequently asked the consequence of quenching in sequence.其后雄辩者频繁地询问顺序灭火的结果.
【记】loqu说
【参】eloquence（n 雄辩；口才）；elocution（n 雄辩术）
adjective
■giving a clear, strong message 雄辩的，有说服力的
• She made an eloquent appeal for action. 她发表了富有说服力的演讲，呼吁采取行动。
• The pictures were an eloquent reminder of the power of the volcano. 这些图片清楚有力地展现了火山的巨大威力。
adj. 意味深长的；雄辩的，有口才的；有说服力的；动人的
 - meaningful, affecting, significant, moving, speaking

Word: supplemental
Front: supplemental
[ˌsʌplɪ'mentl] (10279/28409)
Vocabulary: supplemental
(once / 7736 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective supplemental to describe something extra. You could volunteer to donate your collection of markers and colored pencils to a local school that needs supplemental art supplies.
Something that's supplemental is added when there's a lack or deficiency. You might feed the runt from a litter of puppies supplemental milk because he can't get enough from his mother. Teachers are famous for assigning supplemental reading to round out the information in a textbook. Supplemental comes from the Latin supplementum, "added to supply a deficiency."
WORD FAMILY
supplement: supplemental, supplementary, supplementation, supplemented, supplementing, supplements+/ supplementary: supplementarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bureau of Land Management called for either a revised or supplemental statement.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They’re supplemental material, the additional texts you need to read to truly be a fan of the show.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
In a statement Monday, Abbott said the money was awarded as part of supplemental Zika funding approved by Congress to increase preparedness and response efforts.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 补足的，追加的
分布：补充的(60%)，增补的(29%)，不定期的(11%)
ADJ
同supplementary
Supplemental means the same as supplementary .
例：You'll probably be able to buy supplemental insurance at an extra cost...再额外多付一些钱的话，你或许就能买到附加险。
例：Large supplemental doses of vitamin E can slightly raise blood pressure.大剂量补充维生素E可能会造成血压偏高。
adj. 补充的（等于supplementary）；追加的
 - complementary, adscititious

Word: addictive
Front: addictive
[əˈdɪktɪv] (托 10283/8209 -1)
Back: adj. 使成瘾的; 上瘾的; 易令人沉溺的
分布：使人上瘾的(100%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■An addictive drug is one which you cannot stop taking once you have started 使人上瘾的
• Tobacco is highly addictive. 烟草极易使人上瘾。
 ADVANCED
■describes an activity or food that you cannot stop doing or eating once you have started （活动或食品）使人上瘾的，使人入迷的
• The problem with video games is that they're addictive. 电子游戏的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
• These nuts are addictive - I can't stop eating them. 这些坚果让人上瘾，我一吃就停不了口。
addictive personality
■a set of characteristics which mean that you very quickly become addicted to drugs, food, alcohol, etc. 成瘾个性
• He's got an addictive personality. 他具有成瘾人格。

Word: packing
Front: packing
[ˈpækɪŋ] (10288/8535 -2)
Back: n. 包装，打包; 包装材料; （缝隙）填料
v. 压紧(pack的ing形式); 装满
分布：包装(100%)
noun uncountable
■when you put things into boxes, bags, etc 打包；收拾行李
• He always does his own packing. 他总是自己收拾行李。
⇒ See also postage and packing
■protective material that you put around something to keep it from being damaged 包装材料
n. [包装] 包装；填充物
 - stuff, casing
v. [包装] 包装；装满；压紧（pack的ing形式）
 - overwrapping

Word: cradle
Front: cradle
[ˈkreɪdl] (研六雅 8639/9753 -1)
Vocabulary: cradle
(once / 542 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v 4v
To cradle is to hold delicately and gently, like how you would hold an infant. A cradle is the tiny bed with rockers that the infant sleeps in.
The word cradle comes to us from the Old English word cradol, which meant "little bed or cot." And while it is important to cradle a baby's head when you pick them up out of their cradle, this word isn't all baby talk. Ever heard of ancient Greece? Otherwise known as "the cradle of democracy?" That's because the noun version of cradle can be used to poetically describe the birthplace of a movement or the area where an early idea was nurtured.
WORD FAMILY
cradle: cradled, cradles, cradling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five days before the hearing, Jones was cradling a phone against his ear and typing another pizza order into a computer.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Pink posted a photo of herself cradling her newborn son, Jameson Moon Hart.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I cradled my coffee like a prayer book and tried to remember every little thing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 摇篮; 发源地，发祥地; 吊架，支架; 婴儿时期
vt. 将…置于摇篮中; 轻轻地抱或捧; 抚养; 把…搁在支架上
时态：cradled, cradling, cradles
分布：摇篮(84%)，发祥地(10%)，支架(5%)，怀抱(1%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同ring, crib.
n.摇篮;发源地Greece was the cradle of western civilization.希腊是西方文明的发源地.
noun countable
BED 床
■a small bed for a baby, especially one that swings from side to side 摇床；摇篮
• The nurse rocked the cradle. 保姆摇动摇篮。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
TELEPHONE 电话
■the object that you put a mobile phone, camera, PDA , etc. into in order to recharge (= put power into) its batteries or connect it to a computer （行动电话、相机、掌上型电脑等的）传输座（用来充电或把设备与电脑相连）
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
EQUIPMENT 设备 UK (US scaffold)
■a frame which hangs on the side of a building, ship, etc. for people to work from （悬挂在建筑物、船等侧面供工作用的）脚手架，吊架，吊篮
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
the cradle of sth literary
■the place where something started …的摇篮；…的发源地，…的发祥地
• Fossil records indicate that Africa was the cradle of early human evolution. 化石记载表明非洲是早期人类进化的摇篮。
• the cradle of civilisation 文明的发源地
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
from (the) cradle to (the) grave
■for all of a person's life 从生到死，一辈子
• She lived in the same village from the cradle to the grave. 她一辈子都住在同一个村庄里。
['kreɪ.dl] noun countable
The hand that rocks the cradle (rules the world). saying
■said to emphasize that women have a strong influence on events through their children 摇摇篮的手（统治着世界）（强调母亲对孩子的深远影响）。
['kreɪ.dl] verb transitive
■to hold something or someone gently, especially by supporting with the arms （尤指用手臂）轻托，轻抱
• She cradled him tenderly in her arms. 她把他轻轻地抱在怀里。
n. 摇篮；发源地；发祥地； [建] [医] 支船架
 - bassinet, berceau
vt. 抚育；把...搁在支架上；把...放在摇篮内
 - foster

Word: ion
Front: ion
[ˈaɪən] (六托 10273/6303 -1)
Vocabulary: ion
(once / 2168 pages)
n
An ion is an atom or particle with a positive or negative electrical charge. Think of an ion as having a plus or minus sign.
Ion is a word you are most likely to encounter in a physics or chemistry text. But you don’t have to be a chemist or physicist to understand the concept. If you had a neutral particle and you were able to remove or add an electron, then you would have you have an ion — a charged particle. Don't confuse the tiny ion with the similar word eon, which is an extremely long period of time.
WORD FAMILY
ion: ionate, ionic, ionise, ionize, ions+/ionate: de-ionate/ionic: nonionic/ionise: ionisation, ionised, ionises, ionising/ionised: nonionised/ionize: deionize, ionization, ionized, ionizes, ionizing/ionized: nonionized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe there’s something to the idea that all those water-generated negative ions boost our mood and creativity.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The appeal of a lithium ion is its small size.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Like touching a doorknob, the metal bristles will produce small discharges and generate charged ions in the air, relieving the clothes of their charge.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. <物>离子
分布：离子(100%)
→来自希腊语ion,走，来自ei,走，上路，词源同ire(拉丁语，现在主动不定式格),iter(拉丁语，过去分词格),exit,itinerary.后1834年，英国物理学家Michael Faraday借用该词来表示电磁的电离子。
US [-ɑ:n] noun countable specialized
■an atom or small group of atoms which has an electrical charge because it has added or lost one or more electrons 离子
⇒ See also the ionosphere

Word: seedling
Front: seedling
[ˈsi:dlɪŋ] (托宝 10303/12900 -1)
Back: n. 秧苗，幼苗; 树苗; 实生苗
分布：幼苗(100%)
→seed,种子，-ling,小词后缀。引申词义幼苗。
幼苗(seed种子)[-ling表名词"小东西或某种人"]
【记】seed种子，ling小－小苗，幼苗
【参】seedy（adj 多种子的；褴褛的）
noun countable
■a very young plant which has grown from a seed 幼苗
• Raise the seedlings in the greenhouse. 在温室里培植幼苗。
n. [作物] 秧苗， [植] 幼苗；树苗
 - sapling

Word: wares
Front: wares
[weəz] (10290/-)
Back: n. 货物，商品; 商品( ware的名词复数 ); 制品; 作…用的器皿; …室的物品
分布：商品(51%)，货物(48%)，名词ware的复数形式.(1%)
US [werz] plural noun
■small products for selling, in a market or on the street but not usually in a shop （在市场上或街边出售的）商品，货物
• Some displayed their wares on stalls, while others had just spread them out on the pavement. 有的人把货物摆放在货摊上，有的人干脆就将其铺开摊在人行道上。
■informal
■a company's products （公司的）产品
• The company must do more to promote their wares overseas. 该公司必须进一步努力将产品推向海外。
n. [贸易] 商品；货物
 - goods, cargo, merchandise

Word: quaint
Front: quaint
[kweɪnt] (托宝 10301/14064 -1)
Vocabulary: quaint
(once / 407 pages)
adj
Quaint means strange and unusual in an old-fashioned and charming way. It's a word you'd use to describe a little store that sells tea cozies and antique tea services, or your grandmother's habit of calling the radio the "wireless."
There is a commonly used sarcastic sense of quaint––when something is run down or shabby and you're trying to say something positive, you might substitute "How...quaint" for "How...interesting." In Middle English, this adjective meant clever or cunning. Its origin is Old French queinte, cointe, from Latin cognitus "known," from cognōscere "to learn."
WORD FAMILY
quaint: quainter, quaintest, quaintly, quaintness+/quaintness: quaintnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as he surveyed the spectacular scenery, with Slieve League mountain in the background and the quaint little harbour, Byrne also struck a cautious note.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
With its mix of live action and animation, “Who Framed Roger Rabbit” was a genuine breakthrough that looks quaint in retrospect.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
We lived in a huge, 10-bedroom chalet in Switzerland which had once been a quaint bed and breakfast.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 古色古香的; 少见的，古怪的; 离奇有趣的，; 做得精巧的
级别：quainter, quaintest
分布：古怪的(54%)，离奇有趣的(28%)，古色古香的(18%)
→来自古法语cointe,优雅的，精致的，来自拉丁语cognitus,知道，知晓，词源同know,cognizance.引申词义古色古香的，有古味的。
奇妙的,古怪的(人们想要知道怎么回事)[quaint=know,表示"知道"]
【记】quai＝kuai快，nt＝NT：快用NT系统吧，因为NT是离奇有趣的
adjective
■attractive because of being unusual and especially old-fashioned 别致的；（尤指）古雅的
• a quaint old cottage 古朴别致的旧式小屋
■Quaint can also be used to show that you do not approve of something, especially an opinion, belief or way of behaving, because it is strange or old-fashioned （观点、信仰或行为方式）奇怪的，不合逻辑的，过时的
• "What a quaint idea!" she said, laughing at him. “多奇怪的想法啊！ ”她嘲笑他说。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 古雅的；奇怪的；离奇有趣的；做得很精巧的
 - strange, peculiar

Word: nigger
Front: nigger
[ˈnɪgə(r)] (10305/23240)
Vocabulary: nigger
(once / 554 pages)
n
Nigger is one of the most controversial, complicated words in English. It’s a hateful slur for an African-American, but many African-Americans use the word in a harmless way.
This word is so heavily loaded that an edition of the Mark Twain classic "Huckleberry Finn" censored nigger, replacing it with slave. For many people, this is a horribly offensive, racist word that should never be said by anyone. For others — in particular, younger African-Americans — this is a casual word that’s been reinvented and means something similar to man or buddy. Because it’s a dangerous word, saying the n-word when discussing nigger is common.
WORD FAMILY
nigger: niggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The African American prisoner Kenneth Fults was executed by Georgia having been sentenced to death by a juror who said “that’s what that nigger deserved”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Wicks, now 69, said that in addition to the “nigger” allegation, Sessions was angered by Wicks refusing to publicly endorse his judicial nomination.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
When she was interning at the Boston Herald American many years ago, a co-worker wrote a note saying, “Nigger go home.”
The New Yorker(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 黑鬼（蔑称）; 下层人
分布：名词(100%)
→来自Negro,黑人，含有强烈的贬义色彩。
US [-ɚ] offensive
noun countable
■an extremely offensive word for a black person 黑鬼

Word: time-consuming
Front: time-consuming
[taɪm kən'sju:mɪŋ] (托 -1)
Back: adj. 费时的; 旷日持久的; 花费大量时间的
分布：耗费时间的(100%)
US [-ˌsu:-] adjective
■describes a task that takes a lot of time to do 耗费时间的；旷日持久的
• Producing a dictionary is a very time-consuming job. 编字典是件很费时间的工作。

Word: skid
Front: skid
[skɪd] (10313/15184 -1)
Vocabulary: skid
(once / 2909 pages)
nv
Whoopsy daisy! Those new fuzzy socks make it easy to skid, or slide unexpectedly, across the wood floor.
Does skid sound Scandinavian? Because that's where etymologists think the word came from. It makes sense, since there's all that ice up there. The Vikings were most likely skidding around way before snow tires and anti-lock brakes came about to stop all the slippery fun. But a skid that gets out of control is never any good — that's why when someone's life slides into the dumps, you can say they "hit the skids."
WORD FAMILY
skid: nonskid, skidded, skidder, skidding, skids+/skidder: skidders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next great skid to halt: a 12-game losing streak at Heinz Field, where the Browns are 1-15 since it opened.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
North Carolina is trying to end a two-year bowl losing skid.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Free for the first time in 20 years, he was living on Los Angeles Skid Row, a dystopian dead end where drugs are used openly.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 滑向一侧; 滑道; 滚道; 制轮器
vi. （通常指车辆）侧滑; 打滑; 滑行; （住在）贫民区
adj. 防滑的，抗滑的
vt. 刹住，使减速，滚滑
时态：skidded, skidding, skids
分布：打滑(89%)，滑动垫木(11%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skith,小木棍，木条，词源同 ski.用于指伐木场用木头铺设的滑道，用于 把山上砍伐的树木运下山，引申词义滑轨，滑动垫木等，后用于动词词义侧滑，打滑。
verb intransitive (-dd-)
■(especially of a vehicle) to slide along a surface so that you have no control （尤指车辆）打滑
• Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree. 特雷弗驾驶的公车在冰上打滑，撞上了一棵树。
[skɪd] noun countable
■an uncontrollable sliding movement 打滑
• She was riding too fast on a wet road, and the motorbike went into a skid. 她在湿滑的路面上骑得太快，摩托车打滑了。
■one of two long flat pieces under some aircraft such as helicopters , which help the aircraft to land （飞机的）降落滑撬
■a support, often made of wood, for raising heavy objects off the ground or for moving them 垫木，低平台（一种支撑物，常常由木材构成，用于将重物从地面升起或将之移动）
[skɪd] noun countable
on skid row mainly US informal
■poor, without a job or a place to live, and often drinking too much alcohol （失业酒徒）无家可归的
[skɪd] noun countable
on the skids informal
■experiencing difficulties and unlikely to continue successfully 走下坡路的，处境越来越糟的
• Their marriage seems to be on the skids. 他们的婚姻似乎在走下坡。
[skɪd] noun countable
put the skids under sth UK informal
■to cause something such as a plan to fail 导致（计划等）失败
• Local residents have put the skids under plans to build a new shopping centre. 当地居民的反对使得建造新购物中心的计划泡了汤。
skid, glide, slip, slide
这组词都有“滑动”的意思，其区别是：
skid: 着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。
glide: 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。
slip: 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。
slide: 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。
n. 打滑； [车辆] 刹车；滑轨， [建] 滑动垫木
 - spoke, lock
vt. 刹住，使减速；滚滑
 - put on the brakes

Word: prehistoric
Front: prehistoric
[ˌpri:hɪˈstɒrɪk] (托宝 10293/10315 -1)
Vocabulary: prehistoric
(once / 2153 pages)
adj
If while hiking, you see strange painting on a cliff, it may be rock art from prehistoric times, meaning something from the time before history was recorded.
When you break down the word prehistoric, it’s easy to figure out what it means. The prefix pre-, means “before” and historic relates to something from a past culture. Put the two together, and you get prehistoric, a word that describes something that comes from a time before history was recorded. For example, Stonehenge is a prehistoric site, or the woolly mammoth is a prehistoric beast.
WORD FAMILY
prehistoric: prehistorically+/ historian: historians/ historical: ahistorical, historically, historicalness, prehistorical/ history: historian, historic, historical, historicism, histories, prehistory / prehistory: prehistoric
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new clue supporting that idea is a fossilized wing bone belonging to a newly discovered prehistoric bird found in the Canadian Arctic.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
That’s Rex T., Not T. Rex “There is actually something ‘prehistoric’ about the cabinet Trump is putting together.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
There is actually something “prehistoric” about the Cabinet that Trump is putting together.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 史前的; 陈旧的
分布：史前的(86%)，陈腐的(10%)，=prehistorical.(4%)
US [-hɪ'stɔ:r-] adjective
■describing the period before there were written records 史前的，有文字记载的历史以前的
• prehistoric man/humans/animals 史前人类／动物
• Painting originated in prehistoric times. 绘画始于史前时期。
■informal disapproving
■very old-fashioned 老旧不堪的，完全过时的
• He has prehistoric views about women who have careers. 他对职业女性的看法完全过时。
adj. 史前的；陈旧的
 - old, ogygian

Word: two-story

Word: tofu
Front: tofu
[ˈtəʊfu:] (10306/43551)
Vocabulary: tofu
(once / 34866 pages)
n
Tofu is a spongy cake made from the curds of mashed soybeans. Tofu isn't very flavorful unless you cook it with other ingredients and seasonings.
Tofu can be described as a kind of cheese made from soy milk, and it often shows up on menus as "bean curd." Many East and Southeast Asian cuisines include tofu cooked in various ways, including deep fried, stir fried, curried, and grilled. Tofu is considered a healthy food, since it's high in protein and relatively low in calories. The word tofu is Japanese, from the Chinese doufu, a combination of dou, "beans," and fu, "rotten."
WORD FAMILY
tofu
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is there a mostly Taiwanese craze for stinky tofu at the moment?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Slice the tofu into 1cm slices and griddle on both sides until charred and warmed through, then add to the large pan.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
She presents Blood Orange Glazed Tofu in the Christmas chapter, promising “Technicolor” drama and sweet, “zingy” flavor.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <日>豆腐
分布：豆腐(100%)
→来自日式汉语 tofu.
US ['toʊ-] (also bean curd)
noun uncountable
■a soft pale food which has very little flavour but is high in protein , and which is made from the seed of the Asian soya bean plant 豆腐
n. 豆腐
 - beancurd, doufu, soybean curd, Toufu

Word: safeguard
Front: safeguard
[ˈseɪfgɑ:d] (研六雅宝 9121/6520 -2)
Vocabulary: safeguard
(once / 916 pages)
nv
A safeguard is a defense or precaution. You could describe a flu shot as a safeguard against getting sick, for example.
Safeguards protect against something negative, whether it's an attacking army invading a country or a boy you don't like much asking you to the prom. A store's security system is a safeguard against theft, and a secret password is a safeguard against your sister reading your email. You can use it as a verb too: "We clearly need to safeguard our Halloween candy so Mom and Dad don't steal it after we go to bed."
WORD FAMILY
safeguard: safeguarded, safeguarding, safeguards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bruce Schneier, a technology security expert, said Trump was right to question the safeguards that exist for protecting his own communications as president.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Last month, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau issued a welcome, industrywide call for comments on third-party data access and possible additional safeguards.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But, more importantly, it ultimately helps to safeguard our patients from avoidable harm.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 保护，保卫; 防护措施; 安全设施
vt. 保护，保卫; 防护
时态：safeguarded, safeguarding, safeguards
分布：保护(67%)，保卫(25%)，保护措施(7%)，保卫者(1%)
→safe,安全的，guard,保卫。
v.维护,保护,捍卫n.安全装置,安全措施The guardian found a quarterly quart of quartz in the safeguard.监护人在安全装置内找到了四分之一夸脱石英.
【记】safe安全，guard保卫safeguard是P&G的舒肤佳香皂商标－保护皮肤
US [-gɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to protect something from harm 保护，保卫；捍卫，维护
• The union safeguards the interests of all its members. 工会捍卫每位成员的利益。
UK ['seɪf.gɑ:d] US [-gɑ:rd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  safeguard against sth
■to do things that you hope will stop something unpleasant from happening 预防，避免
• A good diet will safeguard against disease. 搭配合理的饮食可以预防疾病。
shelter, guard, harbour, safeguard, defend, shield, protect
这组词都有“保护、保卫”的意思，其区别是：
shelter: 通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
guard: 普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
harbour: 贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
safeguard: 语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。
defend: 普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
shield: 语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。
protect: 普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
n. [安全] 保护；保卫；保护措施
 - protection, lee, conservation
vt. [安全] 保护，护卫
 - secure, preserve, shelter

Word: projector
Front: projector
[prəˈdʒektə(r)] (研六托雅宝 10289/15105 -1)
Vocabulary: projector
(once / 3257 pages)
n
A projector is a machine you use for showing movies or images on a screen. In the days before digital cameras, tourists would frequently take pictures with slide film that they could show their friends later with a projector.
Today, most theaters use digital equipment to show movies, although a few are still filmed on actual film and require an old-fashioned projector. While these days a teacher might use a large television and a laptop to show the class an educational film, they would once have had to use a projector and a film strip. Projector comes from the verb project, "cast an image," from Latin roots pro-, "forward," and iacere, "to throw."
WORD FAMILY
projector: projectionist, projectors+/ project: projected, projecting, projection, projector, projects/ projection: projections/projectionist: projectionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Six projectors display vintage newsreel footage and dogfight sequences on four large cinema screens that move simultaneously with the audience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Three years ago, theater owners were forced to purchase digital projectors.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Thirteen TVs, including one giant projector will be showing the Sounders on Saturday.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 放映机，幻灯机; 投影仪; 设计者; 放映技师
分布：放映机(86%)，探照灯(7%)，计划者(5%)，投影线(2%)
→来自project,投掷，投射，-or,物。
n.放映机,幻灯机,投影仪The projector is subject to rejection and may be ejected from the project.投影机有遭到否决的倾向并可能被逐出工程.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a device for showing films or images on a screen or other surface （电影）放映机；投影机
n. [仪] [光] 投影仪；放映机；探照灯；设计者
 - projection apparatus, diascope

Word: ascent
Front: ascent
[əˈsent] (托雅 10299/8121 -1)
Vocabulary: ascent
(once / 673 pages)
n
If you are moving in an upward direction, that's an ascent, like your quick ascent from new group member last year to president this year.
An ascent, which comes from the Latin word ascendere, meaning "to climb up," is just that: a climb. An ascent can be physical, like an elevator's journey to the top floor, an airplane's upward motion, or your hike up a mountain. Ascent can also be a figurative climb, like a restaurant's dishwasher's whose hard work made his ascent to executive chef possible.
WORD FAMILY
ascent: ascents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those few years may be the only wrinkle in his otherwise smooth ascent.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
From there, the show traces the sneaker’s ascent; its role in sports, hip-hop and men’s style; and its evolving technology and breakthroughs.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
All Jokes Aside, the latest in a string of strong releases, continues her ascent with even-keel performances.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 上升; 登高; 上坡; 追溯
分布：提升(58%)，上升(33%)，上坡路(7%)，晋升(2%)
noun
CLIMB 爬
countable usually singular
■when someone or something climbs or moves upwards 上升；攀登
• She made her first successful ascent of Everest last year. 她去年第一次成功攀登了珠穆朗玛峰。
• As the plane made its ascent, we saw thick smoke coming from one engine. 飞机上升时，我们看到一个引擎中冒出了浓烟。
[ə'sent] noun
SLOPE 斜坡
countable
■a slope, path or road that goes up something 向上的斜坡／小径／道路
• We struggled up the slippery ascent. 那段上坡路很滑，我们吃力地向上走。
[ə'sent] noun
IMPORTANCE 重要
only singular formal
■when someone starts to become successful 腾达；成功；高升
• His ascent to power was rapid and unexpected. 他出乎意料地平步青云。
n. 上升； [公路] 上坡路；登高
 - rise, upgrade, raise

Word: federation
Front: federation
[ˌfedəˈreɪʃn] (研雅 9044/3260 -3)
Vocabulary: federation
(once / 621 pages)
n
A federation is an organization made up of smaller groups, parties, or states. The United States is a federation; the states all fall under the same federal government.
The word federation may be most familiar as part of the name of an organization — for example, the International Tennis Federation, the American Advertising Federation, or the National Wild Turkey Federation. If you follow World Cup soccer, you may interested to learn that the acronym FIFA stands for Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Although the groups within a federation are united around a common goal or ideology, they usually like to keep some control at the local level as well.
WORD FAMILY
federation: federations+/federate: federated, federates, federating, federation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The FIS also said it was working with the Russian Snowboard Federation to look “for possible replacement competitions in Russia on the same dates.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The monthly purchasing managers’ index by the Chinese Federation of Logistics and Purchasing was 51.4 in December, the second highest level of 2016.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Cyber Command and aimed at targets or assets that are important not merely to the Russian Federation but to President Vladimir Putin himself.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 联邦，同盟; 联盟，联合会; 联邦，联邦政府
分布：联合(46%)，联邦(28%)，联盟(26%)
→来自拉丁语fides, 信任，信仰，词源同faith, confidence. 引申词义联合，结盟。
联盟,联合会(feder+ation)[fader=league,表示"联盟"]
n.同盟;联邦;联合;联盟;联合会The small countries joined together into a federation.小国联合起来组成一个联盟.
US [-ə'reɪ-] noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a group of organizations, countries, regions, etc. that have joined together to form a larger organization or government 同盟，联盟；联邦
• The United States is a federation of 50 individual states. 美国是50个州的联邦。
uncountable
■the act of forming a federation 结成联邦；结盟；结成联盟
• The federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901. 1901年澳大利亚最初的六个州结成联邦。
• He's against European federation. 他反对欧洲联盟。
alliance, federation, union, league
这组词都有“联盟、同盟、联合会”的意思，其区别是：
alliance: 普通用词，指对双方均有利的任何联盟。
federation: 泛指用条款固定下来的一切联合，尤指联邦政府。
union: 普通用词，指由若干个体结成的一个统一的整体。强调其永久性。
league: 普通用词，指为了共同的利益而建立的地区性、全国性或国际性的联合组织，也指民间或半官方组织的联盟。
n. 联合；联邦；联盟；联邦政府
 - alliance, combined with, union, unity, combination, association

Word: abuser
Front: abuser
[ə'bju:zə] (10324/19697)
Back: n. 滥用者
分布：滥用(51%)，虐待(33%)，辱骂(13%)，恶习(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
虐待；凌辱
Abuse of someone is cruel and violent treatment of them.
例：...investigation of alleged child abuse.对涉嫌虐童案的调查
例：...victims of sexual and physical abuse.遭受性虐待及肉体摧残的受害者
N-UNCOUNT
辱骂;恶语
Abuse is extremely rude and insulting things that people say when they are angry.
例：I was left shouting abuse as the car sped off...汽车飞驰而去，留下我在那里大声咒骂。
例：Raft repeatedly hurled verbal abuse at his co-star.拉夫特不断地破口大骂和他联合主演的演员。
N-VAR
滥用；妄用
Abuse of something is the use of it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.
例：What went on here was an abuse of power.这里所发生的事是一种滥用职权的行为。
例：...drug and alcohol abuse.嗜毒和酗酒
VERB
虐待;凌辱;伤害
If someone is abused, they are treated cruelly and violently.
例：Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven.珍妮特从11岁起就遭受父亲虐待。
例：...parents who feel they cannot cope or might abuse their children.认为自己应付不来或可能会虐待孩子的父母
VERB
辱骂;侮辱
You can say that someone is abused if extremely rude and insulting things are said to them.
例：He alleged that he was verbally abused by other soldiers.他宣称自己遭到其他士兵的辱骂。
VERB
滥用；妄用
If you abuse something, you use it in a wrong way or for a bad purpose.
例：He showed how the rich and powerful can abuse their position.他让我们看到有钱有势的人是如何滥用其地位的。

Word: hospice
Front: hospice
[ˈhɒspɪs] (10316/10578 -1)
Vocabulary: hospice
(once / 7505 pages)
n
If someone has entered into a hospice, his health outlook is likely grim. Hospice care is a program designed to make the process of dying as comfortable as possible for patients and their families.
The word hospice comes from the Latin hospitum, meaning "guest house, hospitality." Hospice traditionally meant lodging for travelers, often run by a religious order like a church or monastery. While we most commonly see the word hospice used to describe the particular care provided to people who are dying, the term is not strictly limited to this. A hospice can also be a place that takes care of the sick, not necessarily only the terminally ill.
WORD FAMILY
hospice: hospices
USAGE EXAMPLES
“She was actually sent to hospice,” oncologist John Wrangle said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Just recently, I got a call saying it’s time for hospice for your mom.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He died Friday evening in hospice care in his sleep, his son said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （宗教团体开办的）旅客招待所; （晚期病人的）安养院; 收容所，救济院
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语hospitium,旅店，客店，词源同hospital.后引申词义老人的临终安养院。
US ['hɑ:.spɪs] noun countable
■a hospital for people who are dying, especially from cancer （尤指癌症末期患者的）临终医院，善终医院，安养院
n. 收容所；旅客招待所；救济院
 - asylum, bedehouse

Word: school
Front: school
[sku:l] (中高雅宝 125/165 -K5)
Vocabulary: school
(once / 23 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
School is the place you go to learn, and the place you escape from when you play hooky. When you school someone, it means you’ve educated or put that person in his or her place.
School has its roots in the Greek skhole. That word originally had the sense of “leisure,” which evolved into a “place for discussion,” so you can see how school came to have its modern meaning. School, as in "school of thought," can describe a group of people bonded together by shared principles. The phrase "school of hard knocks" is slang for “rough experience in life.” School also refers to a large group of fish that swim together.
WORD FAMILY
school: after-school, interschool, preschool, scholastic, schooled, schooling, schools+/ preschool: preschooler, preschools/preschooler: preschoolers/ scholastic: interscholastic, scholastically, scholasticism, scholastics/scholasticism: scholasticisms/schooled: unschooled/schooling: schoolings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school announced the procedure is scheduled for Friday, with an anticipated recovery time of four weeks.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Its proximity to schools and being part of a community of museums “is certainly attractive,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One little girl broke the school “ethnicity” form because her mother was Asian Indian and her father Wisconsin white.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 学校; 上学; 学院; 群
vt. 训练，锻炼; 教育，教导; 约束; 给…上学
时态：schooled, schooling, schools
分布：学校(83%)，教育(12%)，学派(2%)，训练(1%)，鱼群(1%)，成群地游(1%)
→来自拉丁语 schola,授课，讲堂，学校，字面意思即空闲，可以学习的时间，来自希腊语 skhole, 空闲的时间，学习的地方，来自 skhein,持有，得到，支配，来自 segh,持有，拥有，词school 鱼群，人群，群集
n.学校,(大学里的)学院;上学,学业;学派The scholar foolishly took the school cooling pool for swimming pool.学者愚蠢的把学校的冷却池当成游泳池.
noun
EDUCATION 教育
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a place where children go to be educated （中、小）学校
• a primary/secondary school 小／中学
• Milton Road School 密尔顿路小学
• They're building a new school in the village. 他们正在村里建一座新学校。
• She drives the kids to school every morning. 她每天早上开车送孩子上学。
• UK I was at school with (= I went to the same school at the same time as) Luke's brother. 我和卢克的弟弟在同一所学校念书。
• Is Emily in school today or is she still ill? 艾蜜莉今天上学了吗？还是病还没好？
• Which school do you go to/ formalattend ? 你念哪所学校？
• school meals/uniform 学校餐／校服
• school buildings/fees 校舍／学费
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the period of your life during which you go to school, or the teaching and learning activities which happen at school 上学期间，读书阶段；上学
• British children start/begin school at the age of four or five. 英国儿童在四岁或五岁开始上学。
• What do you want to do when you leave school (= finish studying at school) ? 你毕业后想做甚么？
• I love/hate school. 我喜欢／讨厌上学。
• US My sister teaches school (= teaches children in a school) in New York City. 我妹妹在纽约市教书。
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the time during the day when children are studying in school 上课（或上学）时间
• before/after school 上学前／放学后
• School starts at 9 a.m. and finishes at 3.30 p.m. 学校上午九点开始上课，下午三时半放学。
[U + sing/pl verb]
■all the children and teachers at a school 全校师生
• The whole school is/are delighted about Joel's success in the championships. 全校师生都为乔尔在锦标赛中的胜利感到高兴。
countable or uncountable
■a part of a college or university specializing in a particular subject or group of subjects （高等院校的）学院，系
• the School of Oriental and African Studies 东方和非洲研究学院
• She went to medical school in Edinburgh. 她去爱丁堡医学院读书。
countable
■a place where people, especially adults, can study a particular subject either some of the time or all of the time （尤指成人）专科学校；训练班
• a driving/dancing school 驾驶训练班／舞蹈训练班
• the London Business School 伦敦商学院
uncountable US for * university
• We first met at graduate school (= while doing a university course for a second or third degree). 我们第一次见面是在读研究所的时候。
[sku:l] noun
GROUP 团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of painters, writers, poets, etc. whose work is similar, especially similar to that of a particular leader 学派，流派
• the Flemish School 法兰德斯派
• the Impressionist school of painting 印象画派
[sku:l] noun
SEA ANIMALS 海生动物
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large number of fish or other sea animals swimming in a group 鱼群；海生动物群
• a school of dolphins/whales 一群海豚／鲸
[sku:l] noun
school of hard knocks
■If you learn something in the school of hard knocks, you learn it as a result of difficult or unpleasant experiences. 逆境，艰苦生活的磨炼
[sku:l] noun
school/university of life humorous
■all the good and bad experiences that you have in your life 生活经历
[sku:l] verb transitive formal
■to train a person or animal to do something 培养；训练
• It takes a lot of patience to school a dog/horse. 训练狗／马需要很大的耐心。
• [R + to infinitive] You must school yourself to be tolerant. 你必须学会宽容。
transitive often passive
■to teach a child 教育（孩子）
• Her children are well schooled in correct behaviour. 她的孩子受到良好的行为教育。
institute, university, school, college, academy
这组词都有“学院，大学”的意思，其区别是：
institute: 指设立有专门学科的学院，如外语学院、地质学院、建筑学院等。
university: 主要指综合大学，一般由多个学院组成。当泛指大学时通常用college表示。
school: 指大学所属的学院或系。
college: 多指大学内的学院，分科学院或科目较少的高等学校。
academy: 指(高等)专科院校或研究专门学术的学校。
n. 学校；学院；学派；鱼群
 - academy, college
vt. 教育
 - breed, to educate

Word: globally
Front: globally
['ɡləʊbəlɪ] (10296/19488)
Back: [计] 全局地
分布：世界上(67%)，全世界(33%)
ADJ
全球的；全世界的
You can use global to describe something that happens in all parts of the world or affects all parts of the world.
例：...a global ban on nuclear testing...全球核试验禁令
例：On a global scale, AIDS may well become the leading cause of infant death.艾滋病很可能会成为造成全球婴儿死亡的首要原因。
ADJ-GRADED
全面的；整体的；总括的
A global view or vision of a situation is one in which all the different aspects of it are considered.
例：...the global view, the ability to make wider decisions based on a knowledge of all the facts, not just some of them.大局观——基于全部而非部分事实作出更加宏观的决定的能力
例：...a global vision of contemporary societies.对当代社会的总体看法

Word: beta
Front: beta
[ˈbi:tə] (9048/7476)
Vocabulary: beta
(once / 15491 pages)
1nadj 2adj
Beta is the second letter of the Greek alaphabet. It also refers to a preliminary model of software or hardware that's not a finished project.
There are two related meanings of beta: the first is the second letter of the Greek alphabet. The second refers to things that are secondary in a different way: the beta version of software or hardware is a version that isn't quite ready for prime time. The beta model is a testing version. Often a company will let some people use the beta version to see if there are problems which can be fixed before the final version comes out.
WORD FAMILY
beta: betas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is currently in the early “beta” stage of development and there is an extensive waiting list to join.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Amazon considers the program to be in “beta test” mode; in fact, only two customers are part of its Prime Air trial so far.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Looking at the 10 biggest exchange-traded fund launches of 2016, nine are focused on “smart beta” strategies that are so in vogue with portfolio managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 贝塔，希腊字母中的第二个字母
分布：贝它(80%)，希腊字母的第二个字母(20%)
→希腊字母表第二个字母，字母B的原型。
US ['beɪ.tˌə] noun countable
■the second letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊文字母表的第二个字母 Compare alpha ; gamma
(also β) UK ['bi:.tə] US ['beɪ.tˌə] adjective
■Beta software is at the second stage of development. （软体程式）尚未推出市场，处于第二个开发阶段的
• a beta disc 一个试用磁片
• You can download the beta version from the website. 你可以在网站下载试用版。

Word: outlaw
Front: outlaw
[ˈaʊtlɔ:] (六雅 9400/11979 -2)
Vocabulary: outlaw
(once / 585 pages)
nvadj
An outlaw is a criminal who's on the run. Historically, the word outlaw was used for Western criminals like Billy the Kid or Jesse James, not so much for contemporary drug lords or serial killers.
Because they didn't need to be arrested by a police officer or other official, pursuing outlaws was once a way to earn reward money. The outlaw figure became popular due to the almost romantic image of nonconformity they had — outlaws are common characters in Western books and movies. You can also use outlaw to mean "ban or make illegal." If you had your way, you might outlaw spinach, long lines, and stinky perfume.
WORD FAMILY
outlaw: outlawed, outlawing, outlawry, outlaws+/outlawry: outlawries
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the monarchy in neighbouring Thailand is protected by a lese majeste law that outlaws any criticism, there is no similar law in Cambodia.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The title of the first, by Ava DuVernay, refers to the 13th amendment to the constitution, which outlaws slavery in the US.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 歹徒，亡命之徒; 逃犯; 被剥夺法律保护者，丧失公权者; 烈马
vt. 宣布…为不合法; 将…放逐; 剥夺…的法律保护
时态：outlawed, outlawing, outlaws
分布：逃犯(44%)，被剥夺法律保护的人(24%)，宣告非法(8%)，将 ... 逐出社会(8%)，反叛者(8%)，使 ... 失去法律保护(8%)
→out-,超过，law,法律。即超过法律允许的范围，非法。
歹徒(out+law法律→超越法律之人)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
US [-lɑ:] noun countable
■(especially in the past) a person who has broken the law and who lives separately from the other parts of society because they want to escape legal punishment （尤指旧时的）不法之徒，草寇
• Robin Hood was an outlaw who lived in the forest and stole from the rich to give to the poor. 罗宾汉是个劫富济贫的绿林好汉。
UK ['aʊt.lɔ:] US [-lɑ:] verb transitive
■to make something illegal or unacceptable 使成为非法；禁止；取缔
• The new law will outlaw smoking in public places. 新法律将禁止在公共场所吸烟。
n. 歹徒；罪犯；亡命之徒；被剥夺法律保护者
 - gangster, plug-ugly

Word: brilliance
Front: brilliance
['brɪlɪəns] (托 10319/9999)
Back: n. （卓越的）才华; 光亮; 光辉; 光彩
分布：辉煌(39%)，光辉(35%)，才华(26%)
noun uncountable
CLEVERNESS 聪明
■great talent or intelligence 才华，聪慧
• Her first novel showed signs of brilliance. 她的第一部小说显示出她过人的才气。
['brɪl.i.ənts] noun uncountable
SHINE 明亮
■great brightness of light or colour 光明的，明亮的；（颜色）鲜艳的
• I had never seen diamonds shine with such brilliance before. 我以前从没有见过如此耀眼的钻石。
n. 光辉；才华；宏伟
 - flame, irradiancy

Word: oasis
Front: oasis
[əʊˈeɪsɪs] (雅宝 10318/11579 -1)
Vocabulary: oasis
(once / 1944 pages)
n
As you walk through the desert of life, may you always find your oasis — a place where you can find safety and sustenance.
Although the literal meaning of oasis is a green spot in the desert, it can also be used to describe a peaceful area in our everyday lives. Perhaps your home is your oasis, where you can escape life's rigors. An oasis refers to a location, but it can also be an imagined place — as in an acting exercise where an actor builds an imaginary oasis in his or her mind. The actor can then remember the image to relax on stage.
WORD FAMILY
oasis: oases, oasises
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was an oasis of warmth within a freezing forest.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Altura, a little oasis on Seattle’s busy Broadway, is pretty exquisite.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
For others, the kitesurfing oasis is the best example of Morocco's efforts to develop the disputed territory.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （沙漠中的）绿洲; （困苦中）令人快慰的地方（或时刻）; 乐土，宜人之地; 慰藉物
分布：绿洲(99%)，宜人之地(1%)
→来自希腊语oasis,沙漠绿洲，最终来自埃及语。
【记】o哦，as好像，is是：哦，好像是绿洲（一般在沙漠中见到绿洲都有一点儿不相信自己的眼睛，所以是“好像”）
US [oʊ-] (plural oases)
noun countable
■a place in a desert where there is water and therefore plants and trees and sometimes a village or town （沙漠中的）绿洲
only singular
■a calm, pleasant place in the middle of somewhere busy and unpleasant （繁忙、令人不适环境之中的）宁静宜人之地
• Her office was an oasis of peace and sanity amid the surrounding chaos. 在周围乱哄哄的环境中，她的办公室是一方宁静之地。
n. [地理] 绿洲；舒适的地方；令人宽慰的事物
 - wady

Word: underwater
Front: underwater
[ˌʌndəˈwɔ:tə(r)] (托 9111/11632 -K1)
Back: adj. 在水中的; 水面下的
adv. 在水下，在水中
分布：在水下(79%)，水下的(18%)，在水中生长的(3%)
US [-dɚ'wɑ:.tˌɚ] adjective adverb
■under the surface of the water, especially under the surface of the sea 在水下（的）；（尤指）在海面下（的）
• an underwater camera (= a camera that you can use under water) 水下摄像机
• Some species of turtle can remain underwater for 24 hours. 有些种类的海龟能在水下逗留上24小时。
adj. 在水中的；水面下的
 - submerged

Word: thirsty
Front: thirsty
[ˈθɜ:sti] (中高 10308/11904 -K1)
Vocabulary: thirsty
(once / 857 pages)
adj
When you're thirty, you crave liquids. Thirsty people want a drink.
To be thirsty is to feel like you need to drink something. People tend to get more thirsty on very hot days or during exercise, when a lot of their body's fluid is being sweated out. Eating can also make you thirsty, and so can waking up in the morning. The word thirsty comes from the Proto-Indo-European root ters, or "dry."
WORD FAMILY
thirsty: thirstier, thirstiest, thirstily, thirstiness+/thirst: thirsted, thirster, thirsting, thirsts, thirsty /thirster: thirsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group plays the Thirsty Devil from 6 until 9 p.m. and the Stables from 9 p.m. until close.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The segment might be fashion-forward, but as a whole it’s a thirsty bunch.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
To get their craft beers into the hands of thirsty customers, the partners contracted to brew batches at Lazy Magnolia Brewing Co. in Kiln.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 口渴的; 渴望（求）…的; 干旱的，缺水的; 耗油的
级别：thirstier, thirstiest
分布：口渴的(75%)，渴望的(25%)
→来自 thirst,口渴，干渴。
a.口渴的;(for)渴望的,热望的He was thirsty for news.他渴望消息.
US ['θɝ:-] adjective
NEED FOR DRINK 口渴的
 ESSENTIAL
■needing to drink 口渴的
• I felt/was hot and thirsty after my game of squash. 壁球比赛后，我又热又渴。
UK ['θɜ:.sti] US ['θɝ:-] adjective
WISH 渴望 literary
■Someone who is thirsty for power,knowledge, etc. wants to have it very much. 渴求（权力、知识等）的
adj. 口渴的，口干的；渴望的，热望的
 - dry, eager, hungry, anxious, desired

Word: misfortune
Front: misfortune
[ˌmɪsˈfɔ:tʃu:n] (研六托雅 10322/8481 -1)
Vocabulary: misfortune
(once / 202 pages)
n
On a gloomy day, you may feel compelled to list your misfortunes: a broken umbrella, a broken heart, a broken toe. Misfortune means bad luck or the state of having bad luck.
Break misfortune into its parts and you get mis- meaning bad and fortune meaning chance or luck. Sometimes it can feel like misfortune follows you. Picture it as a gloomy psychic named "Miss Fortune" who can only see the bad things in your future.
WORD FAMILY
misfortune: misfortunes+/ fortunate: fortunately, fortunatest, misfortunate, unfortunate / fortune: fortunate, fortunes, misfortune /misfortunate: misfortunately/ unfortunate: unfortunately, unfortunates
USAGE EXAMPLES
But bits of lifesaving luck cut through the series of misfortunes for the family.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Bell said he was immediately aware of the misfortune that struck Wild Oats XI and handed Perpetual Loyal the race lead.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The tragedy of Nabokov’s loss is that his misfortune was easily explained by public history.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不幸; 厄运; 不幸的事; 灾难
分布：不幸(92%)，灾祸(8%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，fortune,幸运。
不幸(mis+fortune幸运的)[mis-表示"错误,坏"]
不幸,灾祸(mis坏+fortune运气→坏运气)[furt=luck,表示"运气"]
n.不幸,灾祸,灾难After a fortnight's torture, the unfortunate man got an opportunity to escape the misfortune.经过两星期的拷打后那个不幸的人得到了逃脱不幸的机会.
【记】mis不，fortune（n 财富；运气）
【反】boon（n 恩惠；福利）
US [-'fɔ:r.tʃən] noun countable or uncountable
■bad luck, or an unlucky event 不幸；厄运；不幸事故；灾难
• [+ to infinitive] That was the worst film I've ever had the misfortune to see. 那是我不走运看过的最糟糕的电影。
• She's suffered a good deal of misfortune over the years. 多年来她遭受了巨大的不幸。
• It's unfair to take advantage of other people's misfortunes. 乘人之危是不公平的。
disaster, misfortune, calamity, catastrophe
这组词都有“灾难”的意思，其区别是：
disaster: 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。
misfortune: 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
calamity: 多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。
catastrophe: 语气最强，指可怕的灾难，强调最终的结局。
n. 不幸；灾祸，灾难
 - disaster, evil, tragedy, grief

Word: anecdotal
Front: anecdotal
[ˌænɪkˈdəʊtl] (托 10309/15351 -1)
Vocabulary: anecdotal
(once / 10278 pages)
adj
Something anecdotal has to do with anecdotes — little stories. Anecdotal evidence is based on hearsay rather than hard facts.
People like to share stories about things that happened to them, or that they heard about, to make a point. That kind of talk is anecdotal: based on small, personal accounts. Anecdotal stories are helpful when you’re trying to give an example of something, but there's a downside to anecdotal information: since it’s not based on facts, you never know if you can totally trust it. So it's best to go beyond the anecdotal and get more solid information.
WORD FAMILY
anecdotal: anecdotally+/ anecdote: anecdotal, anecdotes, anecdotic, anecdotical, anecdotist/anecdotic: anecdotically/anecdotist: anecdotists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its prevalence in Africa is unknown, but anecdotally it is thought to be increasing there too.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The following is anecdotal and must be weighted as such.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
But that information would need lots of interpretive work to produce anything more than anecdotal curiosities.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 轶事的; 趣闻的; 多轶事的; 含轶事的
分布：轶事的(62%)，趣闻的(38%)
US [-'doʊ.tˌəl] adjective
■describes information that is not based on facts or careful study 趣闻的，轶事的；传闻的
• anecdotal evidence 趣闻轶事式的证据

Word: reverence
Front: reverence
[ˈrevərəns] (托 10327/11842 -1)
Vocabulary: reverence
(once / 278 pages)
nv
Reverence is a feeling of deep respect or awe — like what you have for a president, a hero, or a favorite football player.
Reverence can be a feeling of awe, and it can also describe how you treat someone, particularly when used with the word with. To treat someone "with reverence" is to show them intense respect. Your friends may respect you for your loyalty, though they probably do not bow to you with reverence every day.
WORD FAMILY
reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential +/ irreverence: irreverences/ irreverent: irreverence, irreverently/ revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering/ reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tu’ikolovatu said he tried to become one of the guys, but because of his age, his teammates usually treated him with a special reverence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The reverence and awe with which Saban is treated by the populace — well, I recognized that instantly.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s as eye-opening for Jamie as “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” the radical feminist anthology that he first opens with almost spiritual reverence — or is it trepidation?
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 尊敬，敬畏; 敬礼; 受尊敬; 尊严
vt. 尊敬; 崇敬; 敬畏
时态：reverenced, reverencing, reverences
分布：崇敬(39%)，尊敬(29%)，敬畏(28%)，尊严(4%)
尊敬(revere尊敬)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
【参】reverend（adj 可尊敬的；n 教士；牧师）
US [-ɚ.ənts] noun uncountable
■a feeling of respect or admiration for someone or something 尊敬；崇敬
• She has/shows/feels great reverence for her professors. 她对教她的那些教授们很崇敬。
n. 崇敬；尊严；敬礼
 - dignity, sanctity
vt. 敬畏；尊敬
 - honor, fear, regard, worship

Word: smoked
Front: smoked
[sməʊkt] (10315/12300)
Back: adj. 熏制的; 用烟处理的
v. 冒烟( smoke的过去式和过去分词 ); 抽烟; 用烟熏制; 吸（烟），抽
分布：烟熏的(78%)，动词smoke的过去式和过去分词.(22%)
US [smoʊkt] adjective [before noun]
■describes glass or a window that has been made darker, as if by smoke （玻璃或玻璃窗）烟灰色的，深灰色的
• She works in a modern office with smoked-glass windows. 她在一间有着烟灰色玻璃窗的现代办公室工作。
adj. 熏制的
 - cured

Word: tapestry
Front: tapestry
[ˈtæpəstri] (托宝 10311/10140 -1)
Vocabulary: tapestry
(once / 1023 pages)
n
A tapestry is a picture woven into cloth. It's a decorative rug you hang on the wall, with detailed images or designs on it. Some tapestries, like the famous Unicorn Tapestries, tell stories with their pictures.
Weaving an image into cloth is a brilliant idea — it makes art accessible and portable. And a tapestry offers something a painting can't: warmth. Think of those cold castle walls in medieval Europe, add a tapestry, and you're warmer already. You can use tapestry to describe anything that's multi-layered and complex, like the tapestry of life in a rural town, or the tapestry of your family history, or the tapestry of plot and character in your favorite novel.
WORD FAMILY
tapestry: tapestries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, she found a much more intricate tapestry: 2 percent North African, 13 percent west Asian, 2 percent Jewish.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
The tapestries are embroidered with particular stitches, some of which are now lost.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But to Ms. Martin, it’s no less than “an important piece of the overall tapestry of American English in the early 21st century.”
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 挂毯; 绣帷; 织锦
vt. 用挂毯装饰; 在一块挂毯中制织出或描绘; 罩上绣花罩毯
分布：挂毯(91%)，饰以织锦画(9%)
→来自古法语 tapisserie,织锦，壁毯，挂毯，来自 tapiz,毯子，地毯，通过拉丁语借自希腊语 tapes, 纺织品，布料，毯子，词源同 tape.
【记】tapes磁带，try：努力把磁带中的带子编织成挂毯。
noun countable
■a piece of cloth whose pattern or picture is created by sewing or weaving different coloured threads onto a special type of strong cloth （手织的）花毯；绒绣；织锦
n. 织锦； [纺] 挂毯；绣帷
 - brocade, arras

Word: telling
Front: telling
[ˈtelɪŋ] (雅宝 10329/13762 -1)
Back: adj. 有效的; 显著的; 生动的; 说明问题的
v. 讲述( tell的现在分词); 告诉
分布：显著的(49%)，有效的(44%)，动词tell的现在分词形式.(7%)
【记】tell说，ing：对小孩的说教是有突出效果的。
【反】not effective（无效的）
adjective
■showing the truth about a situation or showing what someone really thinks 反映真实情况的；显露内心活动的
• a telling comment 发自内心的评论
adj. 有效的；生动的；显著的
 - valid, available, effective, virtual, obvious, prominent
n. 命令；叙述；吐露真情
 - instruction, relation, order, statement, bidding
v. 告诉；讲述（tell的ing形式）；命令
 - charging

Word: obese
Front: obese
[əʊˈbi:s] (六宝 10333/17324 -1)
Vocabulary: obese
(once / 1501 pages)
adj
Obese means excessively fat. In medical terms, it means you have a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, at which point your body's excess fat begins to threaten your health.
In the last third of the 20th century and into the 21st, increasing numbers of Americans are obese, in what health professionals call "an obesity epidemic"; they attribute it to rising portion-sizes, increased consumption of processed food, the demise of family meals, and food marketing, among other factors.
WORD FAMILY
obese: obesely, obesity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Basically you sew together an obese mouse that is missing leptin with a slim mouse, surgically attaching their circulatory systems.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And they are looking afresh at medical care for obese people.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It's possible, food historian Mosby says, to be both obese and malnourished.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 极为肥胖的，肥大的
分布：极肥胖的(100%)
→ob-,在上，表强调，-es,吃，词源同edible,eat.即吃多了，引申词义肥胖的。
肥胖的[obes=fat(肥)]
【记】读：我必死，因为太太太胖了!!!
US [oʊ-] adjective
■extremely fat 肥胖的；臃肿的
adj. 肥胖的，过胖的
 - round, fatty

Word: hostess
Front: hostess
[ˈhəʊstəs] (高研四六 10323/9940 -1)
Back: n. 女主人; （夜总会的）女招待; （电视或广播节目的）女主持人; （餐馆的）迎宾女招待
vt. 作东，请客
分布：女主人(87%)，空姐(10%)，女主持(3%)
→host,主人，-ess,表阴性。
n.女主人,女主持人The hostess brought us out a pot of steaming coffee.女主人给我们拿出一壶热气腾腾的咖啡.
US ['hoʊ.stɪs] noun countable
■a woman who has guests 女主人
■a woman who entertains customers, especially men, at a nightclub （夜总会的）女招待；舞女
n. 女主人，女老板；女服务员；舞女；女房东
 - goodwife, mistress

Word: bath
Front: bath
[bɑ:θ] (高研四雅 3890/2551 -K3)
Vocabulary: bath
(once / 557 pages)
1nv 2n
The action of soaking or washing yourself in water is a bath. You might take a bubble bath to relax before bed after a stressful day.
Your soak in soapy water is a bath, and the tub in which you're lying is also a bath. Other containers of water are baths too, particularly in cooking: "If the custard's sitting in a hot water bath, it will cook more evenly." While the Old English root bæð means "immersing in water," it also means "immersing in mud." If an investor "takes a bath," it means, colloquially, that she loses a lot of money.
WORD FAMILY
bath: baths
USAGE EXAMPLES
The apartment’s 8,055 square feet includes five bedrooms, seven and a half baths, a library and a family room.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Beneath the steel sink and commode, I keep a bath towel spread open across the floor, which I use as a floor rag.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Plug me into one of those pink goo baths from The Matrix.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 沐浴; 洗澡; 浴缸，澡盆; 浸，泡，洗澡水
vt. & vi. （给…）洗澡
分布：洗澡(56%)，浴室(18%)，沐浴(17%)，浴盆(9%)
→来自PIE *bhe, 暖，热，同bask. 原义仅指变热，热水洗浴和游泳都是词义发展的结果。
n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给...)洗澡Both the math pathfinders bathed in the bathtub.两个数学先驱都在浴盆里洗过澡.
US [bæθ] noun
 ESSENTIAL countable UK (US bathtub)
■a long plastic, metal or ceramic container which is filled with water so that a person can sit or lie in it to wash their whole body 澡盆，浴缸
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular
■the activity of washing yourself or someone else in a bath 沐浴，洗澡
• mainly UK Susannah has a long hot bath every evening. 苏珊娜每天晚上都要美美地泡个热水澡。
• mainly US I took a bath this morning. 今天早上我洗了个澡。
• bath oil 沐浴油
run a bath UK (US fill the tub)
■to fill a bath with water for washing 往浴缸里放水
• I'll run you a bath while you take off those wet clothes. 你把湿衣服脱掉，我帮你给浴缸放水。
countable US
■used to refer to a bathroom when describing a home 浴室
• a four-bedroom two-bath house 有四间卧房和两间浴室的房子
countable UK
■a health treatment （保健性）洗浴
• mud/thermal baths 泥浴／温泉浴
countable UK
■any container holding liquid 池；盆
• a bird bath 鸟澡盆
UK [bɑ:θ] US [bæθ] verb intransitive or transitive UK (mainly US bathe)
■to wash in a bath or to wash someone in a bath （给某人）洗澡
• old-fashioned She baths every morning. 她每天早晨都洗澡。
• I usually bath the kids in the evening. 我通常在晚上给孩子们洗澡。
bathe, bath
bathe: You bathe something to make it clean in a medical way.
bath: You bath to get clean.
n. 沐浴；浴室； [建] 浴盆
 - ablutions, bagnio
vt. 洗澡
 - wash oneself
vi. 洗澡
 - wash oneself

Word: balk
Front: balk
[bɔ:k] (托宝 10330/23905 -1)
Vocabulary: balk
(once / 1622 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4n
If you balk at your mother's suggestion that you take on more responsibility, you're saying no to added chores. To balk means to refuse to go along with.
A donkey balks when it refuses to move forward. This is a good picture for balk which is often used in conjunction with demands. Demands are something people often balk at like a donkey refusing to move. In baseball, a pitcher balks when he or she begins a pitch by winding up, but does not complete it. It is as if he is refusing to complete a started pitch, and it is against the rules.
WORD FAMILY
balk: balked, balker, balking, balks, balky+/balker: balkers/balky: balkier, balkiest, balkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some, such as Philadelphia and Cook County, home of Chicago, balk at most requests.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They balked at his concern over a looming deadline to pay a fine he owed for fare-dodging on Berlin’s transport network days before.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
They balked at the offer and simply pushed her aside, Ms. Rodríguez said.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 畏缩不前，犹豫; （指马）不肯跑; 拒绝; [体]假动作
vt. 阻止，阻碍; 推诿; 过错
n. 阻碍，妨碍; 错误，挫折; 田埂; [体]假动作
时态：balked, balking, balks
分布：阻止(25%)，梁木(15%)，障碍(15%)，错误(10%)，犯规动作(10%)，退缩(8%)，失败(8%)，拒绝(6%)，突然停止(3%)
→来自PIE *bhel(2), 膨胀，鼓，词源同bole, 树干，原指树干堆起来的障碍物，后指障碍，令人畏惧的东西。-k, 硬化音，表强调，比较hear, 听，hark, 听.
【记】读：罢课。因为起床有困难，就拒绝作上课这件事。源于：back－不肯前进！
【反】move ahead willingly（自愿前进）；acquiesce（vi 默许）
US [bɑ:lk] verb intransitive
■to be unwilling to do something or to allow something to happen 犹豫
• I balked at the prospect of spending four hours on a train with him. 想到要与他一起在火车上度过四个小时，我就感到心不甘情不愿的。
(also baulk) UK [bɔ:k] US [bɑ:lk] noun countable
■a rough thick piece of wood 梁木，粗木材
n. 障碍；错误
 - error, mistake, obstacle, let, bar
vt. 阻止；推诿；错过
 - stem, block, dispute, lose, prohibit
vi. 犹豫；突然止步不前
 - daiker, hang back

Word: thoughtfully
Front: thoughtfully
['θɔ:tfəlɪ] (10334/7435)
Back: adv. 沉思地; 深虑地; 亲切地; 体贴地
分布：考虑周到地(34%)，深思地(33%)，细心地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
沉思的;默想的;认真思考的
If you are thoughtful, you are quiet and serious because you are thinking about something.
例：Nancy, who had been thoughtful for some time, suddenly spoke...南希沉思了一会儿，突然开口说话了。
例：He was looking very thoughtful...他似乎在静静思考着什么。
ADJ-GRADED
体贴入微的;考虑周到的
If you describe someone as thoughtful, you approve of them because they remember what other people want, need, or feel, and try not to upset them.
例：...a thoughtful and caring man...体贴入微、关心他人的男人
例：Thank you. That's very thoughtful of you...谢谢你，你想的真周到。
ADJ-GRADED
(书籍、电影、讲话等)严肃的，思想性强的
If you describe something such as a book, film, or speech as thoughtful, you mean that it is serious and well thought out.
例：...a thoughtful and scholarly book.一本兼具思想性和学术性的书
adv. 沉思地；体贴地，亲切地
 - warmly, meditatively

Word: estimation
Front: estimation
[ˌestɪˈmeɪʃn] (10340/10164)
Vocabulary: estimation
(once / 868 pages)
1n 2n
The noun estimation refers to a judgment of the qualities of something or someone. In your estimation no boy will be good enough for your daughter. He could be the kindest and smartest person on the planet and you'd still find fault.
The noun estimation has its Latin roots in aestimare, meaning "to value." One of the definitions for estimation is an approximate calculation of something's value. If you go to an auction, you can often review a catalog that will have an estimation of the value of each item for sale. Sometimes the items sell for more than the estimation and sometimes less. The auctioneer hopes there are many bids for the pair of stone lions, but if you're bidding, you hope you're the only one who wants them.
WORD FAMILY
estimation: estimations+/ estimable: estimably, inestimable / estimate: estimable, estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimator, misestimate, overestimate, underestimate /estimator: estimators/ inestimable: inestimably/misestimate: misestimated, misestimates, misestimation/ overestimate: overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, overestimation/overestimation: overestimations/ underestimate: underestimated, underestimates, underestimating, underestimation/underestimation: underestimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officer Joe Warren of the Chattanooga Police Department’s traffic division revealed the estimation in Hamilton County court on Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The photograph is true, and—if it’s a good one, by Benson’s estimation—it captures something that will never happen again.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Jews and Muslims, in their estimation, are often also seen as equally and dangerous and corrupting, powerfully intent on wreaking havoc on Christian culture.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 估计; 评价; 判断; 尊敬
分布：估计(93%)，判断(5%)，尊重(2%)
noun
OPINION 看法
only singular
■your opinion of someone or something 估计；判断；看法
• In my estimation a lot of other banks are going to have the same problem. 据我判断，其他很多银行也将出现同样的问题。
• He sank in my estimation (= My opinion of him fell) when I saw how he treated his wife. 当我看到他如何对待他的妻子时，他在我心目中的形象一落千丈。
[ˌes.tɪ'meɪ.ʃən] noun
GUESS 猜测
countable or uncountable
■a guess about the cost, size, value, etc of something （费用、尺寸、价值等的）估计，估测
• computer-aided estimations 电脑辅助估测
• estimation of the cost 对费用的估计
n. [数] 估计；尊重
 - computation, calculation, appraisal, respect, regard

Word: clad
Front: clad
[klæd] (10326/10007 -1)
Vocabulary: clad
(once / 458 pages)
adj
Clad means dressed or covered. You might be clad in green velvet and leather. A jewelry box might be clad in ebony with silver carvings.
As it applies to what a person is wearing, clad is the past participle of clothe. If you wanted to talk about the day your friend commanded you to clothe yourself in green and you obeyed, you'd say, "I clad myself in green." Of course, it sounds archaic. Like talking about your shoes by saying shod.
WORD FAMILY
clad: unclad
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mr. Braith’s mosaic, he is clad in a slick red blazer and carrying his signature Braithophone, alto and soprano saxophones melded into one.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In a sprawling office in central Beijing, where portraits of scantily clad men hang on the wall, Ma leads a team of nearly 200 employees.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, you won't find Phasma in the scantily clad role of the hero nor will you see her as the stereotypical slithering, seductive female villain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 穿衣的; 覆盖的; 镀过（另一种）金属的; 用金属包被的
v. 穿（衣）( clothe的过去式和过去分词); 在（金属）外面包上另一种金属; （用语言）表达; <文>覆盖
分布：穿衣的(66%)，给 ... 穿衣(23%)，被 ... 覆盖的(11%)
→来自clothe 的过去分词，词源同clothes.
[klæd] literary
adjective
■(of people) dressed, or (of things) covered （指人）穿…衣服的；（指物）覆盖着…的
• A strange figure appeared in the doorway, clad in white. 一个奇怪的人出现在门口，身穿白衣服。
• an ivy-clad wall 爬满常春藤的墙面
• an armour-clad vehicle 装甲车
adj. 穿衣的；覆盖的
 - shrouded

Word: monstrous
Front: monstrous
[ˈmɒnstrəs] (六雅宝 10332/11642 -1)
Vocabulary: monstrous
(once / 418 pages)
adj
Monstrous is an adjective that describes something gross or shocking. It can refer to the size, shape, or general look of something. If your face or body is monstrous, it's misshapen and horrifying to look at.
The word monstrous describes something that you'd like to avoid looking at, if at all possible. The word comes from the Latin monstruosus, which means "unnatural, deviating from the natural order, hideous." When discussing size, monstrous means that something or someone is so huge it's frightening. Monstrous can also describe someone or something that's extremely cruel or brutal, like a monstrous dictator or monstrous lies.
WORD FAMILY
monstrous: monstrosity, monstrousest, monstrously+/ monster: monsters, monstrous / monstrosity: monstrosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the creator’s next monstrous muse is something a little more common, the troll.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The divas and cavaliers of this all-male troupe are — as they present themselves to us in performance — fabulously stupid, artificial, hammy, clichéd, superficial, dated, monstrous.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Roof’s crime is so monstrous that it may rankle to put him on the same continuum as Trump.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 丑陋的; 巨大的; 畸形的; 与传说中怪物相象的
分布：巨大的(52%)，怪异的(24%)，畸形的(24%)
→来自monster,怪物。即像怪物的，丑陋的。
巨大的;可怕的(来自monster)[monstr=show,表示"显示"]
【记】源于：monster（n 半人半马的怪物）
US ['mɑ:nt-] adjective
BAD 丑恶的
■very bad or cruel 丑恶的；残酷的；骇人听闻的
• a monstrous crime 残暴的罪行
• monstrous cruelty 骇人听闻的残酷行为
• But that's monstrous - he can't be allowed to get away with it! 那实在太骇人听闻了——不能让他逍遥法外！
UK ['mɒnt.strəs] US ['mɑ:nt-] adjective
CREATURE 生物
■like a monster 像怪兽的；骇人的
• The illustrations show monstrous beasts with bodies like bears and heads like tigers. 这些插图展示了怪异的野兽，它们身体像熊，头部像虎。
adj. 巨大的；怪异的；荒谬的；畸形的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: profess
Front: profess
[prəˈfes] (托 10336/11100 -1)
Vocabulary: profess
(once / 63 pages)
1v 2v
To profess is to declare something, often insincerely. Your joy on the last day of school might lead you to profess that you'll truly miss seeing all the people who annoyed you all year.
You can profess something and mean it, but more often the verb profess is used when someone lies about their true feelings. You might profess your love of your grandmother's tuna casserole, or profess that you never bite your fingernails, but you're just saying what you think people want to hear. The original meaning of profess described taking religious vows, and came from the Latin word professus, having declared publicly.
WORD FAMILY
profess: professed, professes, professing, profession +/professed: professedly/ profession: professional, professions/ professional: nonprofessional, professionalise, professionalism, professionalize, professionally, professionals, semiprofessional, unprofessional/professionalise: professionalisation, professionalised/ professionalism: professionalisms/professionalize: professionalization, professionalized, professionalizes, professionalizing/semiprofessional: semiprofessionals/unprofessional: unprofessionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before Sunday’s game against the Jets, Bush professed unconcern about his ignominious mark.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It is an ambition that would involve the company in direct negotiations with a Communist Party that the president-elect professes to fundamentally distrust.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Instead it will reinforce Israelis’ mistrust of the U.N., thus eroding the Security Council’s capacity to contribute to the peace it professes to advance.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 声称; 宣称; 公开表明; 信奉
时态：professed, professing, professes
分布：声称(72%)，冒称(7%)，以 ... 为业(7%)，正式接受入教(7%)，表明信仰(7%)
→pro-,向前，在前，-fess,说话，告知，词源同confess,prophecy,phone.引申词义公开宣称，声称等。
公开表明,坦白(pro+fess说→在前面说坦白)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
verb transitive
■to state something, sometimes in a way which is not sincere 声称；自称；谎称
• [+ to infinitive] She professes not to be interested in money. 她声称对钱不感兴趣。
• I don't profess to know all the details about the case. 我不敢妄称了解这个案件的所有细节。
• She professes ignorance of the whole affair, though I'm not sure I believe her. 她声称对整个事件一无所知，但我不能确定是否该相信她。
vi. 声称；承认；当教授
 - accept, recognize

Word: aquarium
Front: aquarium
[əˈkweəriəm] (托雅 10321/5913 -1)
Vocabulary: aquarium
(once / 4693 pages)
n
Aquarium can either describe a small tank, or an entire building that houses fish and other aquatic life. Your goldfish will probably feel right at home in the aquarium that's sitting on your desk, but a whale would be better off in a big aquarium where people buy tickets to see marine life.
An aquarium can be small enough to fit in the average house, or big enough to house whales and accommodate millions of tourists each year. If you're talking about more than one of those tanks filled with fish and other marine life, you could say aquariums, but aquaria, from the original Latin term, is also an acceptable plural.
WORD FAMILY
aquarium: aquaria, aquariums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sakari was part of a three-bear transfer recommended by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums in its continuing efforts to preserve the species.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s the aquarium Fishtival, the Great Wheel, and of course, the ferries.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Swimmers at one Chinese aquarium are learning how to be mermaids.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 水族馆; 水族槽，养鱼缸; 玻璃鱼池
分布：水族馆(97%)，养鱼缸(3%)
→来自词根aqua, 水。
水族馆(apu水)[-arium表名词"地点,场所"]
US [-'kwer.i-] (plural aquariums or aquaria)
noun countable
■a glass container in which fish and other water animals can be kept 养鱼缸；水族玻璃槽；水族箱
■a building, usually open to the public, which holds many aquariums （通常指对公众开放的）水族馆
n. 水族馆；养鱼池；玻璃缸
 - aguariums

Word: scarlet
Front: scarlet
[ˈskɑ:lət] (六托 10320/7155 -1)
Vocabulary: scarlet
(once / 357 pages)
nadj
Use the adjective scarlet to describe things that are a deep, rich red color, like a robin's breast or a wild strawberry.
Some things are such a vivid shade that red doesn't seem to be quite accurate — scarlet is the perfect word to use for them. Blood is scarlet, and so are rubies and ripe cherries and some brilliant red roses. You can also use scarlet as a noun, to talk about the color itself: "My favorite painter uses a lot of scarlet." In the mid-13th century, scarlet simply meant "rich cloth," which might have been the color scarlet or some other color entirely.
WORD FAMILY
scarlet: scarletly, scarlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holmes and Watson first appeared in A Study in Scarlet, published in 1887.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He finished with 18 points and 4 rebounds and the Scarlet Knights barely survived, escaping with a 77-75 victory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
They confronted scarlet fever, “grippe,” deafness, loneliness and destitution.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 猩红色; 红衣; 象征罪恶的深红色; 绯红色
adj. 深红的; 鲜红色的; 罪孽深重的; 淫荡的
分布：猩红(71%)，红衣(11%)，绯红色(10%)，猩红的(6%)，绯红色的(2%)
→来自古法语 escarlate,红布，来自拉丁语 scarlatum,红布，来自波斯语 saqerlat,红布，特指颜色 鲜红的布。并由该词衍生姓氏 Scarlett,染色工或布商，如好莱坞著名美女 Scarlett Johansson.
US ['skɑ:r-] noun uncountable adjective
■bright red 猩红色（的），绯红色（的），鲜红色（的）
• scarlet berries 鲜红的浆果
• He went scarlet with shame. 他羞愧得满脸通红。
adj. 深红的；鲜红色的；罪孽深重的；淫荡的
 - immoral, lewd

Word: adjective
Front: adjective
[ˈædʒɪktɪv] (研四 10317/5838 -1)
Vocabulary: adjective
(once / 728 pages)
1nadj 2adj
An adjective is a word that modifies a noun (or pronoun) to make it more specific: a "rotten" egg, a "cloudy" day, a "lovely" lady, or a "tall," "cool" glass of water.
You use adjectives to give your nouns a little attitude or to communicate clearly. Without these important parts of speech, the president would live in The House, it would be difficult to give someone directions to the store, and there would only be one size available at Starbucks.
WORD FAMILY
adjective: adjectival, adjectives+/adjectival: adjectivally, adjectively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most spent high school with the adjective “coveted.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
When the song ended, she declared, “That was” — she paused to choose a valid but positive adjective — “amazing.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But she also starred in the 1964 musical “The Unsinkable Molly Brown,” a title whose adjective best explains the full Debbie Reynolds experience: maximum buoyancy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 形容词
adj. 形容词的; 附属的，不独立的; [法]有关程序的
分布：形容词(87%)，形容词的(11%)，不独立的(2%)
附加的n.形容词(ad增加+ject+ive→扔上去的→附加的)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
n.形容词a.形容词的,用作形容词的The adjective injected new meaning into the objected objective object.这个形容词给受到反对的客观物体注入了新的意义.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a word that describes a noun or pronoun 形容词
• 'Big', 'boring', 'purple', 'quick' and 'obvious' are all adjectives. “大的”、“无聊的”、“紫色的”、“快的”以及“明显的”这些词都是形容词。
adj. [语] 形容词的；从属的
 - dependent, under

Word: inception
Front: inception
[ɪnˈsepʃn] (宝 10325/11421 -1)
Vocabulary: inception
(once / 3157 pages)
n
The inception is the beginning. Since its inception, Wikipedia has been created by its users.
Inception sounds like conception, but their meanings are distinct. Conception usually refers to the moment of becoming pregnant. Inception refers more to the beginning, to entering upon an undertaking. Inception implies the start of a specific thing like a campaign or a company. Subsequent events take place after the inception. At the moment of conception, most women are at the inception of motherhood.
WORD FAMILY
inception: inceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
From its inception, the Second Avenue subway was intended to ease congestion on the East Side of Manhattan.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bet Hatikva, after all, is the sort of place whose inception is described in these lyrics:
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Strategic release dates have been a part of Oscar season since its inception, even effectively utilized by “Gone With the Wind” in 1939.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 开始，开端，初期; 获得学位
分布：开始(88%)，起初(10%)，取得学位(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-cept,拿，带，开始，词源同accept,concept.
开始,开端[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
【记】in进入，cept拿，ion－拿进来－开始熟悉concept是作一件事的inception
【参】concept（n 观念；念）；accept（v 认可；同意）
noun only singular
■the beginning of an organization or official activity 成立；创立
• Since its inception in 1968, the company has been at the forefront of computer development. 这家公司自从1968年成立以来一直处于电脑发展的最前列。
n. 起初；获得学位
 - incipiency

Word: jihad
Front: jihad
[dʒɪ'hɑ:d] (10338/29104 -1)
Vocabulary: jihad
(once / 3798 pages)
n
Jihad is an Islamic religious term that most often means a kind of inner struggle for a spiritual goal. Many Muslims view jihad as an important duty of their religious life.
The word jihad literally means "struggle" in Arabic. It's an important concept in Islam, one that appears dozens of times in the Quran, usually in the sense of a believer's internal struggle to be a good Muslim and fulfill essential religious duties. In Western popular culture and news, and among some groups of Muslims, jihad is more often used to mean "holy war," or a violent struggle against the enemies of Islam.
WORD FAMILY
jihad: Jihadist, jihads+/Jihadist: Jihadists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“ISIS and other Islamist terrorists continually slaughter Christians in their communities and places of worship as part of their global jihad.”
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
In the video, Altintas, dressed incongruously in a black suit and tie, shouts, “We are those who pledged jihad to Muhammad!”
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
“Those who pledged allegiance to Muhammad for jihad. God is great!”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>伊斯兰圣战; 维护信仰[主义，政策等]的运动反对某项主义的运动; 讨伐异教徒，护教战争，拥护运动
分布：圣战(78%)，讨伐异教徒(16%)，拥护运动(6%)
→来自阿拉伯语jihad,圣战，其原义为竞争，努力，与内心作斗争。
noun
countable or uncountable
■a holy war which is fought by Muslims against people who are a threat to the Islamic religion or who oppose its teachings （伊斯兰教的）圣战，吉哈德，护教战争
countable
■a spiritual fight against the evil in yourself 内心挣扎（抗拒内心邪恶的心理斗争）

Word: brother-in-law
Front: brother-in-law
['brʌðə(r) ɪn lɔ:] None
Back: n. 内兄，内弟; 大伯，小叔; 姐夫，妹夫; 连襟
分布：姐夫(27%)，内弟(21%)，妹夫(21%)，内兄(21%)，小叔子(5%)，大伯子(5%)
US [-ɚ.ɪn.lɑ:] (plural brothers-in-law)
noun countable
■the brother of your husband or wife, or the man who is married to your sister, or the man who is married to the sister of your wife or husband 大伯子；小叔子；内兄；内弟；姐夫；妹夫；连襟
n. 姐夫；妹夫；内弟；内兄；小叔；大伯
 - poppa

Word: rosemary
Front: rosemary
[ˈrəʊzməri] (9074/8156 -1)
Back: n. <植>迷迭香; 罗斯玛丽（女子名）
分布：迷迭香(100%)
→来自中古英语 rosmarine,来自拉丁语 ros marinus,海露花，因生长于海边而得名，来自 ros,露 珠，marinus,海，词源同 marine.后拼写俗化为 rosemary,字面意思即献给圣母玛丽亚的玫瑰。
US ['roʊz.mer.i] noun uncountable
■a bush whose leaves are used to add flavour in cooking and are used in some perfumes, or the leaves themselves 迷叠香；迷叠香叶

Word: unintended
Front: unintended
[ˌʌnɪnˈtendɪd] (10337/19539)
Back: adj. 非故意的，无意识的
分布：非计划中的(55%)，非故意的(45%)
adjective
■not intended (= planned) 无意的，无心的；没有计划的
• The group argues that many of the proposed reforms will have unintended consequences. 该团体认为许多拟议中的改革措施将会带来意想不到的后果。
adj. 无意识的；非计划中的
 - mechanical, automatic, unconscious, spontaneous

Word: feud
Front: feud
[fju:d] (托雅宝 10345/11494 -1)
Vocabulary: feud
(once / 926 pages)
nv
A feud is a long-standing fight, often between two families. In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare describes the lovers' long-feuding families, the Capulets and the Montagues.
Feuds do not have to be violent—what characterizes them is long-standing hostility. Ethnic groups can sometimes be said to be feuding. Kids in school who refuse to sit at the same lunch table over a period of years could describe their relationship as a feud.
WORD FAMILY
feud: feuded, feuding, feuds
USAGE EXAMPLES
In North Carolina, lawmakers continue to feud over whether to repeal its transgender bathroom law nine months after they passed it.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Though both countries are nominally peaceful democracies, political feuds and ethnic and religious discrimination are widely cited as factors motivating some citizens to flee.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I was born in 1986, so I lived through the biggest Camorra feud in my neighbourhood,” he recalls.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不和，世仇; 封地
vi. 长期不和; 经常争吵
时态：feuded, feuding, feuds
分布：长期不和(38%)，争执(35%)，封地(14%)，结世仇(9%)，长期斗争(4%)
→peig, 敌对的，敌视的，词源同foe, fiend. -d, 同-th, 名词后缀。
【记】原指：封建制度下的封地＝field，但是封地总是导致feud，field就演化成feud了。
noun countable
■an argument which has existed for a long time between two people or groups, causing a lot of anger or violence 夙怨；世仇；长期争斗
• a family feud 家族世仇
• a 10-year-old feud between the two countries 两国间长达十年的不和
• a bitter feud over land 土地引起的激烈的长期争执
[fju:d] verb intransitive
■to have a feud with someone （与某人）长期斗争；结世仇
• They've been feuding with their neighbours for years over a boundary issue. 多年来，他们一直为了地界问题与邻居不和。
n. 不和；争执；封地
 - difference, conflict, misunderstanding

Word: monologue
Front: monologue
['mɒnəlɒɡ] (雅宝 10344/15123 -1)
Vocabulary: monologue
(once / 2792 pages)
n
A monologue is a speech delivered by one person, or a long one-sided conversation that makes you want to pull your hair out from boredom.
The Greek root word monologos translates to “speaking alone,” and that’s a monologue: one person doing all the talking. In theatre, sometimes a character has a monologue that they perform. You might have an internal monologue where you talk to yourself to better understand some dilemma. Some people talk forever in a constant monologue, never letting you speak. If two people talk back and forth, it’s a dialogue, which is different and probably more fun for everyone.
WORD FAMILY
monologue: monologist, monologues, monologuise, monologuize+/monologist: monologists/monologuise: monologuised, monologuising/monologuize: monologuized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across from her, a man in a wheelchair trembled violently and kept up a jabbering monologue.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Other dramatic moments include a sequence where the wheezing of his aging laptop is too distracting to get through his tedious monologue.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Never deliver a medical monologue, or as he puts it, “leave the organ recitals for the concert hall.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （戏剧）独白; 独角戏; 长篇大论
分布：独白(80%)，独角戏(14%)，长篇大论(3%)，自言自语(3%)
→mono-,单个的，-logue,对话，词源同dialogue.引申词义独白，独角戏。
独白(mono+logue说话→一个人说话→独白)[mono-表示"单个,一个"]
独白(mono一个人+logue说→独白)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
【记】mono单独，logue说话－一个人说话－独白
【参】monomania（n 偏执狂）；mania（n 狂热）；monopolize（v 独占）
US ['mɑ:.nə.lɑ:g] noun countable
■a long speech by one person （一个人的）滔滔不绝的话，长篇大论
• disapproving He subjected me to a monologue on his last stay in hospital. 他向我滔滔不绝地讲述了他上次住院的经历。
■a short play for one actor 独角戏
• Alan Bennett wrote a series of monologues called Talking Heads. 亚伦‧班奈特写了一系列名为《头脑独白》的独角戏。
n. 独白
 - soliloquy

Word: ally
Front: ally
[ˈælaɪ] (研六托雅 2408/3121 -K4)
Vocabulary: ally
(once / 95 pages)
nv
If you have an ally, you have someone who is on your side, like a more experienced teammate who is your ally in convincing the coach to give you more playing time.
Ally comes from the Latin word alligare, meaning "to bind to," like nations who are allies in wartime — they will act together, and protect one another. You can also use ally as a verb, meaning "join forces with." For example, you might ally yourself with influential people to advance your career. As a noun, pronounce ally like this: "AL-eye." As a verb, it's "uh-LIE."
WORD FAMILY
ally: Allies, alliance, allied, allies, allying, misally+/ alliance: alliances/misalliance: misalliances/misally: misalliance, misallied
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rebel groups questioned Russia’s ability to force the Syrian government and their allies to abide by the terms of the ceasefire deal.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Israel’s main ally, for allowing the United Nations to censure his government over its controversial plans to build new settlements in the occupied West Bank.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Taiwan was a Japanese colony from 1895 to the end of World War II and fought along Japan, a German ally, in the Asian theater.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 同盟国，同盟者; 助手，支持者; 协约国; 联盟
vt. &vi. （使）联盟，（使）同盟; （使）结盟，（使）联姻
时态：allied, allying, allies
分布：伙伴(40%)，同盟者(34%)，同盟国(26%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 词根lig, 绑定。
n.同盟者,同盟国,vt.使结盟;与...有关联France and England were allies in the war.法国和英国在战争中是同盟国.
【反】adversary（n 对手）
noun countable /ˈæl.aɪ/
 ADVANCED
■a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one, especially during a war （尤指战时的）同盟国，盟友
• North Korea is one of China's staunchest allies. 朝鲜是中国最忠实的盟友之一。
• During World War One, Turkey and Germany were allies/Turkey was an ally of Germany. 在第一次世界大战期间，土耳其和德国是盟国／土耳其是德国的盟国。
⇒ See also the Allies
 ADVANCED
■someone who helps and supports someone else 盟友；支持者
• He is generally considered to be the Prime Minister's closest political ally. 人们普遍认为他是首相最亲密的政治盟友。
verb[əˈlaɪ/
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] ally yourself to/with sb
■to join someone and support them 与（某人）结盟；与（某人）联合
• He allied himself with the left of the party. 他与该党的左翼结成联盟。
unite, ally, combine, associate
这组词都有“联合”的意思，其区别是：
unite: v.联合，合并，团结，尤指不同的事物或人组成统一体，强调结果的一致性。
 • The nation united against its enemy.   国民团结一致共同对敌。
ally: v.使结盟，使联姻，多与with搭配。
 • Several political parties allied with each other against higher taxes.   几个政治党派联合起来反对提高税收。
combine: v.联合，化合，混合，多指为了某个目的将不同的人或物混合而成一个整体。
 • The girl combined sugar, butter, and flour to made the dough.   小姑娘把糖、黄油和面粉混合到一起做成面团。
associate: v.交往，结交；联系，联想。多指平等友好的合作，后接with，表示与某人交往或合作，后接in表示在某个方面合作。
 • We associate with our neighbors at church.   在教堂里，我们同邻居交往。
n. 同盟国；伙伴；同盟者；助手
 - friend, partner, assistant, comrade, aid
vt. 使联盟；使联合
 - combine, associate
vi. 联合；结盟
 - band, combine, connect, league, hand in hand

Word: squirm
Front: squirm
[skwɜ:m] (10354/15752 -1)
Back: vi. 蠕动，扭动; 难为情; 局促不安
n. 蠕动
时态：squirmed, squirming, squirms
分布：动词(80%)，名词(20%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。引申比喻义来回扭动，不安。
US [skwɝ:m] verb intransitive
■to move from side to side in an awkward way because of nervousness, embarrassment or pain （因紧张、尴尬或疼痛）动来动去，来回扭动
• Nobody spoke for at least five minutes and Rachel squirmed in her chair with embarrassment. 至少有五分钟谁也没说话，瑞秋尴尬地在椅子上扭来扭去。
• The fish squirmed on the ground for a few moments and then lay still. 鱼在地上翻扭了一会儿就不动了。
vi. 蠕动，扭动
 - wriggle, twist
n. 蠕动
 - peristalsis, crawing

Word: lecturer
Front: lecturer
[ˈlektʃərə(r)] (10335/4493 -2)
Vocabulary: lecturer
(once / 1348 pages)
n
A lecturer is someone who stands up in front of a class and gives an organized talk designed to teach you something. There are lots of lecturers at colleges and universities.
Although many professors lecture, in this country the title lecturer usually refers to a teacher who is not a permanent member of the faculty but one of the many college instructors who does not have tenure. The lecturer may even be hired for a single semester or year. The title is used slightly differently in England. There are some professional lecturers — people, like former President Bill Clinton, who make their living by going around the world giving speeches.
WORD FAMILY
lecturer: lecturers+/ lecture: lectured, lecturer, lectures, lectureship, lecturing /lectureship: lectureships/ lecturing: lecturings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1976, the young engineering lecturer was elected a Socialist MP in Portugal’s first democratic vote since the revolution.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
One of six children, she was brought up in Stockport, where her father was a university lecturer.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
He also shares it with undergraduates at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, where he is a lecturer in the economics department.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （大学或学院中的）讲课者，授课者，（英美大学中的）讲师; 演讲者
分布：讲师(75%)，演讲者(25%)
US [-tʃɚ.ɚ] mainly UK
noun countable
■someone who teaches at a college or university （学院或大学的）讲师，教师
• a senior lecturer 高级讲师
• a lecturer in psychology 心理学讲师
UK ['lek.tʃər.ər] US [-tʃɚ.ɚ] mainly UK
noun countable
  Common Learner Errors  lecturer or teacher? In American English, lecturer is formal. Teacher or professor is usually used instead.
n. 讲师，演讲者
 - praelector, docent

Word: disgrace
Front: disgrace
[dɪsˈgreɪs] (研六托 10352/8519 -1)
Vocabulary: disgrace
(once / 198 pages)
nv
Use the verb disgrace to say that someone has brought shame upon himself. Your brother might disgrace himself at the family reunion by being rude to your Uncle Bob.
You probably notice that grace makes up a big part of disgrace. Combine this with the dis- prefix, meaning “the opposite of,” and you get a word that involves shame and dishonor. Think of disgrace as a kind of fall from grace — it’s what happens when you do something that causes you to lose favor or damages your reputation. You could disgrace yourself by losing your tennis match badly, or you could disgrace yourself by cheating on an exam.
WORD FAMILY
disgrace: disgraced, disgraceful, disgraces, disgracing+/disgraceful: disgracefulest, disgracefully, disgracefulness/ grace: disgrace, graced, graceful, graceless, graces, gracing, gracious / graceful: gracefuler, gracefulest, gracefully, gracefulness, ungraceful/gracefulness: gracefulnesses/ graceless: gracelessly, gracelessness/gracelessness: gracelessnesses/ gracious: graciousest, graciously, graciousness, ungracious/graciousness: graciousnesses/ungraceful: ungracefully, ungracefulness/ungracious: ungraciously, ungraciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He spent so much time screaming at this protester and frankly, it was a disgrace.”
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Hundreds of thousands of South Koreans ushered in the new year with a massive protest demanding the resignation of disgraced President Park Geun-hye.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a disgrace. . . . It was a situation way beyond decency.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 丢脸; 耻辱; 不光彩; 丢脸的人（或事）
vt. 使丢脸; 使失宠; 使受耻辱; 贬黜
时态：disgraced, disgracing, disgraces
分布：耻辱(73%)，丢脸(27%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。grace, 优雅，光彩。
n.失宠,耻辱v.使失宠;玷辱,使蒙羞I feel a trace of disgrace for the gracious man's embracing her bracelet.我对仁慈男子拥抱她的手镯感到一丝耻辱.
【记】grace（n 优美；优雅）
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■embarrassment and the loss of other people's respect, or behaviour which causes this 耻辱，丢脸；不光彩的行为
• They were sent home in disgrace. 他们蒙着羞被送回了家里。
• He brought disgrace on the whole team by falsifying the results. 他篡改比分的行为让全队丢了脸。
be a disgrace
■to be a very bad situation 非常糟糕，太不像话
• Three families living in one room - it's a disgrace! 三家人住在一间房里——太糟糕了！
• [+ that] It 's a disgrace that the government spends so much on guns and so little on education. 政府在武器上花了那么多钱，而在教育上却支出这么少，真是太不像话了。
be a disgrace to sb/sth
■to be so bad or unacceptable that you make people lose respect for the group or activity you are connected to 是…的耻辱
• You're a disgrace (to the family) - what a way to behave! 你真（给家人）丢脸——怎么能干出这样的事情！
[dɪs'greɪs] verb transitive
■to make people stop respecting you or your family, team, etc. by doing something very bad 使丢脸，使蒙羞，使没面子
• You have disgraced us all with your behaviour. 你的所作所为让我们大家都抬不起头来。
shame, embarrassment, disgrace, dishonour
这组词都有“丢脸，羞愧”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 多指因非法婚烟、私生、卖国或犯法等而丢失脸面或败坏名声，使他人认为“丢脸”、“可耻”。
embarrassment: 多指在社交活动中所遇到的尴尬事。
disgrace: 常指失去他人的尊敬和称赞而使自己感受到的丢脸、耻辱。
dishonour: 指失去原来享有的光荣或自尊和自重。
shame, disgrace, humiliate, dishonour
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。
disgrace: 侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。
humiliate: 强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。
dishonour: 有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。
degrade, humble, disgrace, humiliate
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
degrade: 指因过失而受到降级、阶格；也多指因自身的境遇而感到耻辱。
humble: 常可和degrade换用，强调降级所带来的耻辱；也多指自卑和感到渺小无能的心理状态。
disgrace: 指降低某人在他人心目中的地位，使其丢脸。
humiliate: 指损伤或剥夺自尊感，损坏自尊心，强调蒙受耻辱。
n. 耻辱；丢脸的人或事；失宠
 - ignominy, opprobrium

Word: beaten
Front: beaten
[ˈbi:tn] (10351/9688 -3)
Back: adj. 被打败的; 锤薄的; 耗损的，常走的; 筋疲力尽的
v. （心脏等）跳动( beat的过去分词); 击打; （风、雨等）吹打
分布：筋疲力尽的(46%)，被击败的(18%)，锤成的(12%)，踩出来的(12%)，动词beat的过去分词.(12%)
US [-tˌən] adjective
■describes gold or another metal that has been made flat by having been hit repeatedly with a hard object （金或其他金属）被硬物锻打、锤制而变扁平的
• She was wearing a necklace of beaten gold. 她戴着一条金项炼。
■describes a path or track that people walk along regularly so that the ground has become quite clear and hard （小路）走的人多而变成畅通而坚实的
UK ['bi:.tən] US [-tˌən] adjective
off the beaten track (US also off the beaten path)
■in a place where few people go, far from any main roads and towns 偏僻的，人迹罕至的
• The farmhouse we stayed in was completely off the beaten track. 我们住的农舍非常偏僻。
adj. 被打败了的；筋疲力竭的；踏平的
 - foredone

Word: moratorium
Front: moratorium
[ˌmɒrəˈtɔ:riəm] (宝 10339/16731 -1)
Vocabulary: moratorium
(once / 3240 pages)
n
A moratorium is the suspension of a particular activity––you could have a moratorium on fishing, baking, the use of candles, the wearing of matching socks.
Generally, moratoriums go into effect when something becomes seen as being not okay for now, but might go back to being okay later. After the water fountain started to burble up green sludge, the principal put a moratorium on drinking any water at school until the fountains were fixed and the water tested.
WORD FAMILY
moratorium: moratoria, moratoriums
USAGE EXAMPLES
The current 10-year moratorium is scheduled to expire next year.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a rare bit of good news for Wyoming’s mining industry, hit hard by a downturn in coal and a recent BLM coal-leasing moratorium.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most moratoriums are temporary as cities and counties await new regulations from Amendment 2’s passage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （行动，活动等的）暂停，暂禁; [法]延期偿付权，延缓偿付期
分布：暂停(82%)，延期偿付(16%)，延期偿付期间(2%)
→来自拉丁语morari,延迟，词源同demur.引申词义暂停，中止。
【记】mor死，atorium：让你慢慢死－延缓偿付
US [ˌmɔ:r.ə'tɔ:r.i-] noun countable (plural moratoriums or moratoria) formal
■a stopping of an activity for an agreed amount of time 暂停，中止
• a five-year worldwide moratorium on nuclear weapons testing 全球为期五年的核武器试验中止期
n. 暂停，中止； [金融] 延期偿付
 - hang, temporary suspension

Word: sprig
Front: sprig
[sprɪg] (宝 10342/20030 -1)
Back: n. 小树枝，幼枝; 扁头钉; <谑>子孙; 小伙子，少年
v. 用小枝装饰，加小枝花样; 用钉子钉; 使草蔓生; 钉扁头钉
分布：图钉(38%)，用小树枝装饰(25%)，用钉子钉上(25%)，小树枝(12%)
→词源不确定，可能最终来自 sper,播撒，播种，词源同 spread,sprout.引申词义小树枝。
【记】spring来了，出现sprig
【参】sprout（v 发芽；n 萌芽）spring＋out
noun countable
■a single small plant stem with leaves on it 带叶小枝；嫩枝
• Garnish the dish with sprigs of parsley. 用带叶的西洋芹作这道菜的装饰。
n. [植] 小枝；图钉；年青人；子孙
 - child, seed
vt. 用钉子钉上；用小树枝装饰；使蔓生
 - sprawl

Word: embryonic
Front: embryonic
[ˌembriˈɒnɪk] (托宝 10348/14718)
Vocabulary: embryonic
(once / 2727 pages)
adj
If something is described as embryonic, it's just starting to develop or come together. An "embryo" is a person or animal that is still growing in the womb or egg, and embryonic means "like an embryo."
The idea for Facebook was still embryonic when its creators agreed to be partners. At that early stage, none of them could have imagined what an enormous company it would become. Scientists working on embryonic stem-cell research are working on stem cells from embryos, which have special properties not found in any other cells. Our relationship was still embryonic when you suggested we move in together, but for me, the first date is way too early to think about such things.
WORD FAMILY
embryonic: embryology, embryonically+/ embryo: embryonal, embryonic, embryos, embryotic/embryologic: embryologically/embryologist: embryologists/embryology: embryologic, embryologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
The four genes encode Yamanaka factors, which are essential for embryonic development, but usually cause tumours when expressed long-term in animals.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
It is unclear how much contact there is between the embryonic policy teams in New York and the landing teams in Washington, however.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
The four genes are so powerful that they will reprogram even the genome of skin or intestinal cells back to the embryonic state.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 胚芽的，胎儿的; 初期的
分布：胚胎的(65%)，萌芽期的(35%)
→来自embryo, 胚胎。
【记】小孩还在embryo的时候就应该为他embroider一个肚兜doodle（v 涂鸦）读：肚兜（随时回忆）
【参】embryo（n 胚胎adj 胚胎的）
US [-'ɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■relating to an embryo 胚的，胚胎的
[before noun] formal
■starting to develop 萌芽期的；刚起步的；未成熟的
• The project is still at an embryonic stage. 这个专案仍处于刚起步阶段。

Word: contaminant
Front: contaminant
[kənˈtæmɪnənt] (9858/22602)
Back: n. 污染物，致污物
分布：杂质(48%)，污染物质(42%)，沾染物(10%)
[kən'tæm.ɪ.nənt] specialized
noun countable
■a substance that makes something less pure or makes it poisonous 致污物，污染物
• Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of contaminants. 要确保所有设备是干净、未受污染的。
n. [环境] 污染物；致污物
 - pollutant, fomite

Word: resurgence
Front: resurgence
[rɪˈsɜ:dʒəns] (宝 10353/11970 -1)
Vocabulary: resurgence
(once / 7582 pages)
n
Resurgence means coming back. Biker jackets are always cool––but in certain decades they experience a resurgence, and suddenly you see them everywhere.
There is nothing steady about resurgence––a surge is a sudden gush––think dancing fountain or an oil well that's just been tapped. Often, after a national tragedy, there is a resurgence in interest in family values and getting back to basics. In prosperous times, there's often a resurgence in sales of contemporary art.
WORD FAMILY
resurgence: resurgences+/ resurge: resurged, resurgent, resurges, resurging/ resurgent: resurgence / surge: resurge, surged, surges, surging/surging: surginger, surgingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In particular, I hope that we see a resurgence in real reporters.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Democrats are on the defensive, but the conditions are there for pushback and resurgence.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 复苏，复活; 中断之后的继续; 再起; 回潮
分布：复活(43%)，再起(31%)，再现(26%)
复兴,再起(re+surg浪浪潮＋ence→重起浪潮→复兴)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
US [-'sɝ:-] formal
noun [S or U]
■a new increase of activity or interest in a particular subject or idea which had been forgotten for some time 复苏；复兴；再次兴起
• The creation of independent states has led to a resurgence of nationalism. 独立国家的建立导致了民族主义的复苏。
• resurgence in demand/popularity/interest 需求的回升／再度流行／重新感兴趣
n. 复活；再现；再起
 - revival, regenesis

Word: brilliantly
Front: brilliantly
['brɪlɪəntlɪ] (托 10358/8462)
Back: adv. 灿烂地，出色地; 灿然
分布：辉煌地(38%)，灿烂地(37%)，光亮地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
聪颖的；技艺高超的
A brilliant person, idea, or performance is extremely clever or skilful.
例：She had a brilliant mind...她头脑聪明。
例：It was his brilliant performance in 'My Left Foot' that established his reputation.他在《我的左脚》中的精彩表演使他一举成名。
ADJ-GRADED
非常好的；很棒的；出色的
You can say that something is brilliant when you are very pleased about it or think that it is very good.
例：If you get a chance to see the show, do go — it's brilliant...如果你有机会去看那个演出，你一定要去——棒极了！
例：My sister's given me this brilliant book.我的姐姐给了我这本非常好看的书。
ADJ-GRADED
成功的；辉煌的
A brilliant career or success is very successful.
例：He served four years in prison, emerging to find his brilliant career in ruins...他坐了4年牢，出狱后发现自己的辉煌事业已不复存在。
例：The raid was a brilliant success.这次偷袭非常成功。
ADJ-GRADED
（颜色）鲜明的，绚丽的
A brilliant colour is extremely bright.
例：The woman had brilliant green eyes.这个女子有双明亮的碧眼。
例：...a brilliant white open-necked shirt.一件雪白的开领衬衣
ADJ-GRADED
（光线等）明亮的，夺目的，灿烂的
You describe light, or something that reflects light, as brilliant when it shines very brightly.
例：The event was held in brilliant sunshine...这一活动是在阳光明媚的日子举办的。
例：It was 250 million times more brilliant than the Sun.它比太阳亮2.5亿倍。
adv. 灿烂地；辉煌地；光亮地
 - lustrously, dazzlingly

Word: convertible
Front: convertible
[kənˈvɜ:təbl] (宝 10346/12750 -2)
Vocabulary: convertible
(once / 2683 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adjn
If it starts to rain while you’re riding in a convertible car with the top down, you can always put the top back up. Convertible is an adjective that means “capable of changing from one form to another.”
Something that is convertible can be changed or transformed from one thing to another. Money, for instance, is convertible because it can be changed from one currency to another — for example, from dollars to euros. A sofa bed is convertible because it can be transformed from a sofa into a bed. Likewise, a convertible jacket is a jacket that can be changed (by removing the sleeves or an inner lining) depending on the weather.
WORD FAMILY
convertible: convertibility, convertibles, convertibly, inconvertible, unconvertible+/ conversion: conversions/ convert: conversion, converted, converter, convertible, converting, convertor, converts, reconvert/converted: unconverted/converter: converters/convertor: convertors/inconvertible: inconvertibility/reconvert: reconverted, reconverting, reconverts/unconvertible: unconvertibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The PC industry’s goal now is to move everyone over to 2-in-1 and convertible designs, as they are a more versatile computing platform.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
In 1989, a Beverly Hills policeman stopped her for expired registration tags as she was driving in her Rolls-Royce convertible.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
At home, a chauffeur drove them to and from social events in a Rolls-Royce convertible.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 可改变的; 可变换的; （货币）可以自由兑换的; （汽车等）有折篷的
n. 敞篷车
分布：敞篷车(60%)，可改变的(19%)，可转换的(12%)，同意义的(9%)
【记】convert（v 使转变）；ible能…：能转变的车－敞篷车
US [-'vɝ:.tˌə-] adjective
■able to be arranged in a different way and used for a different purpose 可改变的，可转变的
• a convertible sofa-bed 折叠沙发床
■specialized
■describes a type of money that can be easily exchanged into other types of money （货币）可兑换的
• a convertible currency/bond 可兑换货币／债券
UK [kən'vɜ:.tɪ.bl] US [-'vɝ:.tˌə-] noun countable (also soft top)
■a car with a soft roof which can be folded back 敞篷轿车
• a Volkswagen convertible 福斯敞篷小轿车
adj. 可改变的；同意义的；可交换的
 - equivalent, alterable

Word: winery
Front: winery
[ˈwaɪnəri] (10328/42332)
Back: n. 葡萄酒酿造厂
分布：酿酒厂(100%)
→wine,葡萄酒，-ery,地点后缀。
N-COUNT
葡萄酒厂;酿酒厂
A winery is a place where wine is made.
n. 酿酒厂；葡萄酒酿造厂（复数wineries）
 - distillery, brewhouse

Word: anew
Front: anew
[əˈnju:] (10363/14017 -1)
Vocabulary: anew
(once / 666 pages)
adv
When something happens anew, it happens again, but in a fresh way that might be different.
Anew is a word to describe things that happen again but are more than just a rerun. If a couple takes their marriage vows anew, it's a little different than the first time. If a clothes trend happens anew, it's a revival of the original trend that probably won't be identical. This word applies to renewals and fresh starts of many kinds, though not always positive ones. Romances and barfights could both begin anew.
WORD FAMILY
anew
USAGE EXAMPLES
The end of a year is a time to reëvaluate, resolve, and begin anew.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
He showed anew the crispness of his enunciation — in this case stretched to farcical parody — and his talent for broad comedy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Schoonmaker also brings up the spiritual aspect -- how, in a time of religious persecution, “Silence” will resonate anew.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 再，重新
分布：重新(67%)，再(33%)
US [-'nu:] formal
adverb
■again or one more time, especially in a different way （尤指用不同的方式）重新，再
• The film tells anew the story of his rise to fame and power. 这部电影重现了他成名掌权的发迹史。
adv. 重新；再
 - newly, afresh

Word: grad
Front: grad
[græd] (10355/-)
Back: n. 毕业生，校友; 研究生
分布：毕业生(100%)
noun countable mainly US informal for
■ graduate
n. 毕业生；校友
 - schoolfellow

Word: fledgling
Front: fledgling
[ˈfledʒlɪŋ] (宝 10357/18858 -1)
Vocabulary: fledgling
(once / 4439 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
A fledgling is a fuzzy baby bird just learning to fly, or someone (like a baby bird) who's brand new at doing something. Awww.
If you're not talking about a baby bird, fledgling is often used as an adjective describing a new participant in something, like a fledgling senator still learning the ropes of how to legislate, or a fledgling drama program trying to build audiences for its plays. It can also mean inexperienced and young, like the fledgling photographer for the school paper who accidentally erases all the pictures. If you're British, spell it fledgeling if you like, both spellings are correct.
WORD FAMILY
fledgling: fledglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The war permanently dispersed the fledgling Oriental Artists’ Group.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The program is seeking between $7 million and $10 million from individuals and outside agencies to invest in the fledgling companies.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The new policy is aimed at encouraging fledgling carriers to boost domestic flights serving secondary markets in China rather than focusing exclusively on big cities.
Reuters(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. （刚学会飞的）幼鸟; 无经验的人; 乳臭小儿
adj. 刚开始的; 无经验的
分布：无经验的(37%)，刚开始的(30%)，刚会飞的幼鸟(17%)，=fledgeling.(8%)，尚缺乏经验的人(8%)
→来自fledge, 羽毛。-ling, 小词后缀。
【记】fledge（vi 长羽毛；长翅）fly，edge边：只能在窝边飞－刚长羽毛。反义词：molt（n /v 脱毛）读：摸头－总是摸头（比如：齐达内）就会脱毛！
【反】experienced practitioner（有经验的从业者）；maturity（n 成熟）；fledge（vi 长羽毛；长翅）－molt（n /v 脱毛）
(also fledgeling) ['fledʒ.lɪŋ] noun countable
■a young bird that has grown feathers and is learning to fly （学飞的）幼鸟
(also fledgeling) ['fledʒ.lɪŋ] adjective [before noun]
■new and without experience 新的，刚开始的；缺乏经验的
• The current economic climate is particularly difficult for fledgling businesses. 目前的经济气候对刚起步的公司来说特别艰难。
n. 无经验的人；刚会飞的幼鸟
 - greenhand

Word: audible
Front: audible
[ˈɔ:dəbl] (托雅宝 10350/11571 -1)
Vocabulary: audible
(once / 537 pages)
adjn
Something audible can be heard. Sometimes things that people don't want others to hear become audible, such as a growling stomach during a quiet moment at the movies.
Coming from the Latin audīre, "to hear," audible is an adjective meaning "heard" or "hearable." A scream is audible, a barking dog next door is audible, and a siren is audible. Why do some writers use the expression "a barely audible whisper?" Isn’t that what a whisper is — something you can barely hear?
WORD FAMILY
audible: audibility, audibleness, audibler, audibles, audiblest, audibly, inaudible +/ inaudible: inaudibility, inaudibleness, inaudibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Samuelson’s roar was audible in the now-silenced Maryland arena as she sat on the floor and pumped her fists in the air.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the final minute, Kennedy senior Jomaite Tavarez threw a lazy inbound pass and promptly received an audible chiding from Nelson.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
His opening statement Thursday about the death of television reporter Craig Sager was barely audible.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 听得见的
分布：听得见的(100%)
→来自词根aud, 感知，听，见audience.
听得见的;可听的(audi+ible能...的)[audi,audit=hear,表示"听"]
US ['ɑ:-] adjective
■able to be heard 可以听到的，听得见的
• The lecturer spoke so quietly that he was scarcely audible at the back of the hall. 这位作报告者的声音太小，坐在礼堂后面的人几乎听不见。
• She gave an audible sigh of relief. 大家听到她如释重负地舒了一口气。
adj. 听得见的
 - hearable

Word: fuse
Front: fuse
[fju:z] (研六托雅 10364/9764 -1)
Vocabulary: fuse
(once / 685 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A fuse is something that burns in order to ignite a bomb. Do you see anything near you that resembles a bundle of dynamite sticks with a fuse burning down? If so, stop reading this and GET OUT OF HERE!
Figuratively, if you say that someone has a short fuse, it means they get angry easily. If someone gets so angry they lose their temper, you can say that they blew a fuse. But this comes from another meaning of fuse — a device that interrupts the flow of electrical current so the system doesn’t get overloaded. If you use the toaster, microwave and dishwasher at the same time, you might literally blow a fuse. As a verb, if two things fuse, they blend or stick together.
WORD FAMILY
fuse: fused, fuses, fusible, fusing, fusion +/ fusion: fusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fused into abstractions, the disparate pieces yield paintings that are as eventful as epic Renaissance canvasses.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s difficult to fuse such contrasting styles, both for Mr. Marsalis as composer and the Philharmonic musicians.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Proponent Aaron Ostrom, executive director of the progressive activist organization Fuse Washington, hailed the program’s launch.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 熔化; 融合
vt. 使融合; 使融化; 给…装信管
n. 保险丝; 导火线; 雷管; 引信
时态：fused, fusing, fuses
分布：保险丝(42%)，融合(37%)，导火线(9%)，熔化(6%)，引线(4%)，装引信于(1%)，装导线(1%)
→来自拉丁语fundere, 倾注，倾泻，词源同foundry, alchemy, confused. 用于冶炼学术语，如冶金，炼铁，玻璃冶炼等，引申词义融化，融合。fuse 保险丝
n.保险丝,导火线,引信v.熔化,熔合I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱.
noun countable
SAFETY PART 安全部件
■a small safety part in an electrical device or piece of machinery which causes it to stop working if the electric current is too high, and so prevents fires or other dangers 保险丝
• My hairdrier's stopped working - I think the fuse has blown/ UK also gone (= broken). 我的吹风机坏了——我想可能是保险丝断了。
• Have you tried changing the fuse? 你有没试过换根保险丝？
[fju:z] noun countable
DEVICE ON EXPLOSIVE 爆炸装置
■a string or piece of paper connected to a firework or other explosive product by which it is lit, or a device inside a bomb which causes it to explode after a fixed length of time or when it hits or is near something 导火索；导火线引信；信管
• He lit the fuse and ran. 他点燃了导火索后就跑了。
[fju:z] noun countable
have a short fuse
■to get angry very easily 十分易怒
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
JOIN 结合
■to join or become combined 熔合；结合
• Genes determine how we develop from the moment the sperm fuses with the egg. 从精子和卵子结合的那一刻起，基因就决定了我们会如何成长。
• The bones of the skull are not properly fused at birth. 出生的时候头骨结合得并不紧密。
• In Istanbul, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to observe. 在伊斯坦堡，观察东西方的融合是件令人兴味盎然的事。
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
MELT 熔化
■to (cause to) melt (together) especially at a high temperature （使）熔化
• The heat of the fire fused many of the machine's parts together. 炽灼的大火把机器的很多部件都熔化在了一起。
[fju:z] verb intransitive or transitive
STOP WORKING 停止工作 UK When an electrical device or piece of machinery fuses, or when someone or something fuses it, it stops working because the electric current is too high （使）（因保险丝熔断而）停止工作
• Either my headlights have fused or the bulbs have gone. 要么是车前灯的保险丝断了，要么是灯泡坏了。
• The kids were messing around with the switches and they fused the lights. 孩子们瞎捣鼓开关，结果把灯的保险丝烧断了。
fuse, dissolve, melt
这组词都有“融化，溶解”的意思，其区别是：
fuse: 可与melt换用，但侧重指在高温下使两种或两种以上金属的熔合，也可作引申用。
dissolve: 多指固体溶于溶剂的过程。
melt: 最常用词，指任何固体的熔化过程，常引申作“消散、淡化或消失”解。
vi. 融合；熔化，熔融
 - flux, melt down
vt. 使融合；使熔化，使熔融
 - melt, flux
n. [电] 保险丝； [军] [矿业] 导火线，雷管
 - signal, safety wire

Word: disapproval
Front: disapproval
[ˌdɪsəˈpru:vl] (六托 10369/8652 -K1)
Vocabulary: disapproval
(once / 1476 pages)
n
Disapproval is what you express when you share your dislike or opposition. If you fail a class, you might worry both about your grade point average and also your parents' disapproval.
When you sense disapproval in your teacher's voice after you show her a draft of your research paper, you might want to start over. You might feel disapproval yourself when you see your friend spend money instead of saving it, or watch your dad feel the dog from his plate at the dinner table. Disapproval uses the "opposite of" prefix dis- with approval, from its Latin root approbare, "to regard as good."
WORD FAMILY
disapproval: disapprovals+/approbative: approbatively/ approval: approvals/ approve: approbative, approbatory, approval, approved, approver, approves, approving, disapprove /approver: approvers/approving: approvingly/ disapprove: disapproval, disapproved, disapproves, disapproving / disapproving: disapprovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in December, the conservative House Freedom Caucus began compiling a list of more than 200 regulations it views as vulnerable to a disapproval vote.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Those experts don’t foresee change, either, as moral disapproval, political battles and an economic recession combine to stall national action.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Don’t get me wrong—I understand their need to express their disapproval of this place.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 不赞同，反对; 非难
分布：不赞成(100%)
【记】dis不，approval（n 赞成）－不赞成
noun uncountable
■when you feel that something or someone is bad or wrong 反对，不赞成
• Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion. 虽然他们甚么也没说，但她能感觉到他们并不赞成她的建议。
• There was a note of disapproval in the teacher's voice. 老师的语气里透着反对的意思。
n. 不赞成；不喜欢
 - disfavour

Word: fabricate
Front: fabricate
[ˈfæbrɪkeɪt] (研六托雅宝 10365/14422 -1)
Vocabulary: fabricate
(once / 1734 pages)
v
Do you like to construct mini airplanes from kits? Work on an assembly line? Piece together Ikea furniture? Then you certainly know how to fabricate, or to put together, things.
While fabricate might mean the physical act of construction, it can also mean constructing a falsehood. Watch out — those well versed in the art of fabrication might have an ulterior motive. In the movies, the bad cops sometimes fabricate evidence to make the good guy look guilty. When you tell the teacher the dog ate your homework, you’ve fabricated a pretty silly excuse. So if you’re going to fabricate the truth, get some better material!
WORD FAMILY
fabricate: fabricated, fabricates, fabricating, fabrication, fabricator, prefabricate+/ fabrication: fabrications, refabrication/fabricator: fabricators/prefabricate: prefabricated, prefabricates, prefabricating, prefabrication
USAGE EXAMPLES
The other design students helped fabricate was larger and heavier, and therefore more difficult to transport, Monterroso said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Away from the US elections, fake news breaks down into two wider categories: That which was fabricated and that which was exaggerated or mistaken.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Her digitally fabricated image is appearing as her younger twentysomething self in the iconic role of Princess Leia in Rogue One: A Star Wars Story.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 制造; 装配; 捏造
时态：fabricated, fabricating, fabricates
分布：制造(75%)，编造(17%)，虚构(8%)
→来自fabric, 装配，结构。
捏造;制作(fabric+ate)[fabric=make,表示"制作"]
v.捏造,编造(谎言,借口等);建造,制造The ribbon of the rifle is fabricated with fibre.来复枪的带子是用纤维制作的.
【记】fabric（n 构造）－构造出来的－捏造fabric（n 织物）ate吃：织物还能吃？你不是骗傻子呢吗？捏造！
【区】prefabricate（v 预制）；fabrication（n 编造；捏造；伪造物）
verb transitive
■to invent or produce something false in order to deceive 捏造，虚构；伪造
• He was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble. 他迟到了，就编了个理由以免惹上麻烦。
• He claims that the police fabricated evidence against him. 他声称警方伪造了对他不利的证据。
manufacture, fabricate, make, produce
这组词都有“做，制造”的意思，其区别是：
manufacture: 正式用词，一般指用机器大规模地批量生产各种生活或生产用品。
fabricate: 特指按照标准样式制作或把材料或部件组合成一个整体。
make: 普通用词，很常用，含义广，既可指制造具体的东西，也可指完成一种行为。
produce: 普通用词，侧重大量地生产出各种生产用品和生活用品。强调结果。也用于引申。
vt. 制造；伪造；装配
 - manufacture, make, doctor

Word: year-old
Front: year-old
None None
Back: [网络] 岁大的；岁的；两岁的
分布：一年之久的(100%)

Word: sow
Front: sow
[səʊ] (高研四六托雅宝 10366/6893 -2)
Vocabulary: sow
(once / 296 pages)
1v 2n
When you plant seeds in the ground, you sow them. You can also sow things like doubts or ideas, simply by spreading them around. If your ideas (or your seeds) develop and grow, you've successfully sown them.
The verb sow is pronounced completely differently from the noun sow, which means "a female pig." When you sow flower seeds, it rhymes with "go." When you admire an enormous, muddy sow in a pig pen, it rhymes with "cow." When two words are spelled the same but sound different, they're called heteronyms.
WORD FAMILY
sow: sowed, sower, sowing, sown, sows+/sowed: self-sowed/sower: sowers/ sown: self-sown, sowner, unsown
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austin Wilson, environmental health program manager for As You Sow, said the company’s new plan represented progress.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Facebook’s activation of the feature sowed confusion, however, because the platform also promoted a link to a false news report of a major “explosion”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
His key argument focuses on sowing doubt about the accuracy of climate models.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 播（种），播种于
vt. 灌输; 激起; 散布; 煽动
n. 母猪
时态：sowed, sown, sowing, sows
分布：播种(48%)，母猪(44%)，散布(8%)
→来自古英语 sawan,播种，播撒，授精，来自 Proto-Germanic*sean,播种，来自 se,播种， 词源同 seed,semen,season.sow 母猪
v.播种Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
【记】外部sow说，李宏志是sow！
noun countable
■an adult female pig 母猪
vt. 播种；散布；使密布
 - seed, distribute, spread
vi. 播种
 - seed

Word: disguise
Front: disguise
[dɪsˈgaɪz] (研四六雅宝 7364/5545 -2)
Vocabulary: disguise
(once / 237 pages)
nv
A disguise is something you put on so no one recognizes you. It also can be used as a verb. You can disguise yourself with a wig and mustache; that's a great disguise.
Disguise can be used anytime you're talking about concealing or hiding something. Most of the time we think of a disguise as something you wear, but you can also disguise your feelings. Criminals might disguise their intentions. You can also use the word to describe something that seems to be one thing, but turns out to be another. You missed the plane, but then the plane crashed. That's a blessing in disguise.
WORD FAMILY
disguise: disguised, disguises, disguising+/disguised: disguisedly, undisguised/ guise: disguise, guises/undisguised: undisguisedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1987 Fisher wrote a thinly disguised novel about her conflict with her mother.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But Mr. Cooper accused Republicans of disguising their intentions.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nanki-Poo, the son of the Japanese emperor Mikado, disguises himself as a minstrel to avoid being married off to Katisha, an older woman.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 隐瞒，掩饰; 伪装，假装; 化装; 掩盖
n. 伪装; 伪装品; 用作伪装的东西; 托辞，借口
时态：disguised, disguising, disguises
分布：伪装(61%)，掩饰(27%)，假装(8%)，假扮(3%)，伪装物(1%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。guise, 装束。原指改变装束或外表，不一样的打扮，后词义贬义化。
n./v.假装,伪装,隐瞒He has tried all sorts of disguises.他设法找各种借口.
【记】guise（n 外观；姿态；装束；伪装v 伪装）
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to give a new appearance to a person or thing, especially in order to hide its true form 给…化装，给…乔装打扮；将…伪装起来
• [R] He disguised himself by shaving his head and wearing a false beard. 为了伪装自己，他剃了光头还粘着假胡须。
• Minor skin imperfections can usually be disguised with a spot of make-up. 微小的皮肤瑕疵通常可以用化妆品来掩盖。
• We tried to disguise the fact that it was just a school hall by putting up coloured lights and balloons. 我们不想让人看出这里实际上只是挂着彩灯和气球的学校礼堂。
■to hide an opinion, a feeling, etc. 掩饰，隐藏
• I couldn't disguise my disappointment. 我无法掩饰自己的失望。
[dɪs'gaɪz] noun countable or uncountable
■something that someone wears to hide their true appearance 用于掩藏自己真实外表的东西
• He put on a large hat and glasses as a disguise and hoped no one would recognise him. 他戴上大帽子和眼镜来伪装自己，希望没人会认出他来。
in disguise
■If people, objects or activities are in disguise, they appear to be something which they are not, especially intentionally 伪装，化装
• She usually goes out in disguise to avoid being bothered by the public. 她外出时通常都要化装，以免受到公众的打扰。
• He claims that most Western aid to the Third World is just colonialism in disguise. 他说西方给第三世界提供的援助大多只是变相的殖民主义行为。
cloak, mask, disguise
这组词都有“伪装”的意思，其区别是：
cloak: 指采取伪装来掩盖或隐藏真实面目或本性或企图。
mask: 本义为“面罩”，引申“掩饰”解时，指掩饰某物的真实性质或存在的伪装。
disguise: 指改变装束或外表以掩饰自己的真面目或冒充他人。有时仅指掩饰感情、动机或意图。
vt. 掩饰；假装；隐瞒
 - simulate, come
n. 伪装；假装；用作伪装的东西
 - simulation, acting

Word: modernize
Front: modernize
[ˈmɒdənaɪz] (10368/15357 -2)
Vocabulary: modernize
(once / 2148 pages)
v
To modernize is to adjust or improve something, especially in a way that uses new technology. You might modernize your grandmother's kitchen by buying her a microwave and an espresso machine.
When you modernize something, you bring it up to date. You could modernize your office by buying new computers, for example, or modernize your antique car by installing seat belts and a stereo. At the heart of modernize is the adjective modern, "relating to the present time" or "up-to-date." In Shakepeare, the word modern is often used to mean "ordinary," although today there's more of a sense of "the very latest technology."
WORD FAMILY
modernize: modernization, modernized, modernizes, modernizing+/ modern: modernise, modernism, modernity, modernize, modernly, modernness, moderns, nonmodern, postmodern/modernisation: modernisations/modernise: modernisation, modernised, modernises, modernising/modernised: unmodernised/ modernism: modernisms, modernist, modernistic/modernist: modernists/modernistic: modernistically/ modernity: modernities/modernization: modernizations/modernized: unmodernized/postmodern: postmodernism/postmodernism: postmodernist
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year’s agenda includes proposals to modernize state voting rules, address government corruption and permit Uber and Lyft to expand upstate.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nor is the party’s ability to modernize and reorient its vast propaganda apparatus — perhaps the world’s largest — guaranteed.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Indian government is urging patience, insisting it’s playing a long game that will eventually modernize Indian society and benefit the poor.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使现代化，使适应现代需要
vi. 现代化，使用现代方法
n. 现代化事物
时态：modernized, modernizing, modernizes
分布：动词(100%)
→来自modern,现代的。
US ['mɑ:.dɚ.naɪz] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make something more modern 现代化
• Much of the house has been modernized. 房子的大部分地方已经现代化了。
• There has been a lot of opposition to modernizing working practices. 许多人反对把工作制度现代化。
• If they want to increase output from the factory, they'll have to modernize. 如果他们想增加工厂的产量，就必须实行现代化。

Word: pharmacist
Front: pharmacist
[ˈfɑ:məsɪst] (10343/15866 -1)
Back: n. 药剂师
分布：药剂师(97%)，药商(3%)
→来自pharmacy,制药，-ist,人。
【记】读：farmer cist：农场主擅场采草药－药剂师
US ['fɑ:r-] noun countable
■a person who is trained to prepare medicines and who works in a hospital or shop （医院或药店的）药剂师
n. 药剂师
 - dispenser, apothecary

Word: hardy
Front: hardy
[ˈhɑ:di] (六托雅宝 10388/7183 -2)
Vocabulary: hardy
(once / 642 pages)
adj
Hardy means tough––if you're hardy, you don't get tired easily and can endure hardship. People who don't catch cold often attribute this fact to their coming from hardy farming stock.
Before 1200, hardy indicated boldness and daring in battle and was probably influenced by hard. Warriors are hardy: they’re brave and strong and don’t easily tire. Plants and animals can also be hardy if they can survive harsh weather or poor growing conditions. When planting a lawn, you should pick hardy species of grass, which will survive droughts and come back after long, cold winters.
WORD FAMILY
hardy: hardier, hardiest, hardihood, hardily, hardiness, hardyly+/hardihood: hardihoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Someday Russia may become the “normal” country that its hardy liberals talk about.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Most offer Fraser firs, a species revered for its hardy nature and strong fragrance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Because they enjoyed raising sheep, they are now looking at a couple of heritage species that would be hardier.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的; 大胆，勇敢的; 鲁莽的; [植]耐寒的
n. 强壮的人; 耐旱植物; 方柄凿
级别：hardier, hardiest
分布：耐寒的(32%)，勇敢的(24%)，能吃苦耐劳的(22%)，强壮的(22%)
→来自hard,坚强的，顽强的。
US ['hɑ:r-] adjective
■strong enough to bear extreme conditions or difficult situations 强壮的；能吃苦耐劳的
• A few hardy souls continue to swim in the sea even in the middle of winter. 许多身体强壮的人甚至在隆冬时节仍坚持在海里游泳。
■describes a plant that can live through the winter without protection from the weather （植物）耐寒的
• a hardy perennial 耐寒的多年生植物
adj. 坚强的；勇敢的；能吃苦耐劳的；鲁莽的
 - strong, tough, game, brave, steel

Word: snap
Front: snap
[snæp] (研四六托 2597/2843 -3)
Back: vt. & vi. 猛地咬住; 呵斥; 折断
vt. 拍照; 用子母扣扣; [棒球]快速传（球）; 拍…的快照
n. （树枝等的）突然折断; 严厉的话; 突然的撕咬; 尤指关上或断裂的声音)啪嗒声
vi. 啪啪作响; （目光）闪耀; （牙齿等）咯咯作响; （精神）突然崩溃
adj. 容易的; 喀嗒一声扣下的; 仓促的
adv. 噼啪作响地; 啪嗒一声; 猛然
时态：snapped, snapping, snaps
分布：猛咬(25%)，拍摄(20%)，突然的(17%)，快照(16%)，劈啪作响地(5%)，匆忙的(5%)，崩塌(4%)，劈啪作响(2%)，啪嗒声(2%)，砰然关上(2%)，谩骂(2%)
→来自荷兰语或低地德语 snappen,咬，抓住，来自 West-Germanic*snu-,鼻子发出的呼哧声，用 力抓或咬时的喘气声，词源同 snack,snatch.引申诸相关词义。
v.猛咬,突然折断n.快照,劈啪声a.仓促的,突然的He snapped the stick in two.他喀嚓一声将棍子折成两半.
verb (-pp-)
BREAK 折断
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to cause something which is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound 突然折断，哢嚓一声折断
• You'll snap that ruler if you bend it too far. 如果你把那把尺子弯得太厉害，它就会哢嚓一下折断。
• Some vandal's gone and snapped off my car aerial again. 某个蓄意作恶的家伙又把我的汽车天线折断了。
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to suddenly become unable to control a strong feeling, especially anger 突然无法控制情感，突然发作（尤指动怒）
• When she asked me to postpone my trip to help her move house, I just snapped (= got angry). 她叫我把旅行延期去帮她搬家时，我一下子就恼火了。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move into a position quickly, producing a short noise as if breaking （使）啪地突然移动（到某位置）
• Tendons store elastic energy by stretching and then snapping back into shape like rubber bands. 肌腱透过橡皮筋似的拉伸和迅速缩回贮存了弹力。
• Simply snap the pieces into place. 把这些小碎片啪啪放到适当位置就行。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to quickly return to a previous place or condition 迅速恢复
• After substantial losses last year, the company has snapped back to profitability (= started making profits again). 去年出现钜额亏损之后，这家公司的经济状况又迅速好转，开始盈利了。
snap shut
■If something snaps shut or is snapped shut, it closes quickly with a sudden sharp sound 啪地关上；啪地阖上
• She snapped her book shut and got up to leave. 她啪地阖上书，起身离开了。
• Her mouth snapped shut when she realized he'd heard everything she'd said about him. 意识到他听到了自己所说的一切关于他的话时，她立刻闭上了嘴。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
ANIMAL 动物
intransitive
■If an animal snaps, it tries to bite someone 咬，咬人
• The guard dog was snarling and snapping behind the fence. 那条看门狗正在篱笆后面吠咬。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
SPEAK 说话
intransitive or transitive
■to say something suddenly in an angry way 厉声说，恶声恶气地说
• There's no need to snap at me - it's not my fault that you lost your wallet. 何必对我这样口气这么差——你丢了钱包又不是我的错。
• [+ speech] "Well, I hate you too!" she snapped. “哼，我也恨你！”她厉声说。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
PHOTOGRAPH 摄影
intransitive or transitive
■to take a lot of photographs quickly 拍快照
• He was arrested for snapping photos of a military parade. 他因拍摄了阅兵的快照而被逮捕。
• She's very pleased with her new camera and was snapping away the whole time we were abroad. 她对自己的新相机十分满意，我们在国外时，她一直不停地拍照。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap your fingers
■to a make a noise by pushing your second finger hard against your thumb and then releasing it suddenly so that it hits the base of your thumb 打榧子，打响指
• He was snapping his fingers in time with the music. 他和着音乐节拍打着响指。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap sb's head off
■to answer someone in an unreasonably angry way 呵斥（某人），怒气冲冲地抢答（某人）
• There's no point trying to discuss anything with him if all he's going to do is snap your head off. 如果他只会怒气冲冲地喝斥你，就没必要和他讨论任何事情。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap at sb's heels
■If an animal is snapping at your heels, it is running behind you and trying to bite you. 追着咬（某人）
■to compete strongly with someone and have a chance of soon defeating or replacing them 与（某人）一决高下，对（某人）紧追不舍
• With so many younger women snapping at her heels, this year may be her last chance to win the championship. 今年也许是她夺冠的最后机会，因为许多更年轻的女选手都大有后来居上之势。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap to it UK (US snap it up) informal
■used to tell someone to do something more quickly 赶快，快做
• We're leaving in five minutes so you'd better snap to it and finish your breakfast. 我们五分钟以后就走，所以你最好快点吃完早饭。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  snap out of sth informal
■to force yourself to stop feeling sad and upset 摆脱（忧伤烦恼的情绪）
• He just can't snap out of the depression he's had since his wife died. 自从他妻子去世以后，他一直无法摆脱忧伤。
• Now come on, snap out of it. Losing that money isn't the end of the world. 好了，振作起来，丢了那些钱并不意味着世界末日。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snap sth up informal
■to buy or get something quickly and enthusiastically because it is cheap or exactly what you want 抢购
• The tickets for the concert were snapped up within three hours of going on sale. 音乐会的票开始出售后，三小时内就被抢购一空。
• The fall in property prices means that there are a lot of bargains waiting to be snapped up. 房地产价格下跌意味着会有许多廉价的房屋可供抢购。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snap sb up informal
■to immediately accept someone's offer to join your company or team because you want them very much 马上录用（某人），立即聘用（某人）
• She was snapped up by a large law firm. 她很快被一家大律师事务所录用。
[snæp] noun
BREAKING NOISE 折断的声音
countable usually singular
■a sudden loud sound like something breaking or closing 喀嚓声，突然折断（或阖上）的声音
• She broke the stick over her knee with a loud snap. 她哢嚓一声用膝盖折断了棍子。
countable US for * press stud
[snæp] noun
PHOTOGRAPH 摄影
countable UK informal
■an informal photograph which is not very skilful or artistic 快照，快相
• holiday snaps 假期拍的快照
• Did you take many snaps while you were away? 你出游的时候拍了很多照片吗？
[snæp] noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable
■a card game in which the players compete to call out the word 'snap' when they see two cards that have the same value 呼“同”牌游戏（一种纸牌游戏，玩家抢先看到有两张相同的牌时呼“同”）
• a game of snap 呼“同”牌游戏
[snæp] noun
SOMETHING EASY 容易的事
only singular US informal
■something that can be done without any difficulty 容易的事，好办的事
• "Will you finish on time?" "Sure thing. It's a snap." “你能按时完成吗？”“当然，太容易了。”
• Talking to girls is a snap for him. 和女孩子交谈对他来说十分容易。
[snæp] adjective [before noun]
■done suddenly without allowing time for careful thought or preparation 匆忙的，不加思索的，不做准备的
• He always makes snap decisions and never thinks about their consequences. 他总是匆忙作决定，从不考虑后果。
[snæp] exclamation
■'Snap!' is what you say in the game of snap when two cards of the same value have been played. （呼“同”牌游戏中的）“同！”
■UK informal
■something that you say when you notice that two things are the same （发现两件事物相同时所说）太巧了！
• Snap! We're wearing the same shirts! 太巧了！我们穿了同样的衬衫！
bite, snap, gnaw, chew
这组词都有“咬、啃”的意思，其区别是：
bite: 指用牙齿钳住或切断，或咬一口。
snap: 指突然猛咬。
gnaw: 指连续不断用齿咬。
chew: 指用牙磨碎。
vt. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬；啪地关上
 - pull cut
vi. 咬；厉声说；咯嗒一声关上
 - bite, gnaw at
n. 猛咬；劈啪声；突然折断
 - splutter
adj. 突然的
 - sudden, unannounced

Word: stoop
Front: stoop
[stu:p] (研四六雅宝 10380/8992 -1)
Vocabulary: stoop
(once / 250 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Stoop means to lean your head and torso forward and down. If you're six feet tall and you tour a historical building, you'll have to stoop to get through the low doorways.
Stoop comes from the same root as steep. You can stoop to clear a doorway, or stoop metaphorically, by lower your morals. If you used to be an honest garbageman but now haul "garbage" for the mafia, you have "stooped to their level." If you slouch and droop, you're stooping. When owls quickly descend on their prey, that's also called stooping. Stoop is also the term for the stairs leading up to a front entrance of a house.
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
Thanks, Taylor Swift, for the New York City Vocab
As our culture becomes more homogenized, regional language distinctions fade away. But many are still out there, and they're still fun.
Case in point: Taylor Swift's video on New York City-specific vocab, made for NYCGO's "Welcome 2 New York" campaign. The video introduces terms like bodega, the non-Texas-style pronunciation of Houston Street ("How-ston"), Soho, Noho, and stoop, which Swift compares to what Southerners would call a porch.
Swift's video doesn't get into etymology, but if it did, she might have noted that stoop derives from a Dutch word. Its presence in a New Yorker's vocabulary is a legacy of the original Dutch occupation of Manhattan island, much in the way streams in the area are often referred to by the Dutch word kill, as in the Catskill State Park.
Of course, New Englanders would call that same stream a brook, just as Pittsburghers might call a shopping cart a buggy, Pacific Northwesterners might call something expensive spendy, and someone living in New Orleans might refer to a sidewalk as a banquette and a toilet as a commode. Regional peculiarities don't stop there. What do you say: Faucet or spigot? Jimmies or sprinkles? Hoagie, hero, grinder, or wedge? Tennis shoes or sneakers? Soda, pop, tonic, or soft drink? Chances are, your preference has to do with nothing but the ground you're standing on.
Perhaps Swift will continue this foray into dialectology, digging up and pontificating on regionalisms wherever she goes. We offer her this list of truly unusual examples of regional dialect we pulled from the Dictionary of American Regional English. Check out the list for yourself, and then, if you have a favorite regionalism you haven't seen here, let us know what it is by leaving a comment below!
WORD FAMILY
stoop: stooped, stooper, stooping, stoops+/stooper: stoopers/stooping: stoopingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only real blemish on Stoops’ coaching resume?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Added Sooners defensive coordinator Mike Stoops, “Pettway is obviously a big part of what they do.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He said he finalized his decision Friday and told coach Mark Stoops after the game, a 33-18 loss to Georgia Tech.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 门廊，游廊; 自贬; 弯腰，驼背; 屈服
vt. & vi. 屈服，忍辱; 弯腰; 倾斜; 自贬
时态：stooped, stooping, stoops
分布：弯腰(53%)，屈尊(19%)，屈服(13%)，佝偻(8%)，俯冲(5%)，降格(2%)
→来自古英语 stupian,弯腰，俯身，来自 Proto-Germanic*stup,弯腰，来自 steup,扩大形式 自 steu,推，击，打，词源同 steep,type.引申诸相关词义。
v.弯腰,俯身n.弯腰,曲背The troop's stoop on the loop became the top topic at the bus stop.部队在环行道上的屈服在公共汽车站成了头等话题.
【记】读音像stupid的前边－stoop自己的人有点儿stupid。
verb intransitive
■to bend the top half of the body forward and down 俯身，弯腰
• The doorway was so low that we had to stoop to go through it. 门道太低，我们不得不弯下腰进去。
• Something fell out of her coat pocket and she stooped down and picked it up. 有个东西从她大衣口袋里掉了出来，她俯下身捡起来。
■If someone stoops, their head and shoulders are always bent forwards and down 佝偻，弓背
• He's over six feet tall, but the way he stoops makes him look shorter. 他身高超过六英尺，但他弓着背，显得矮了一些。
[stu:p] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stoop to sth disapproving
■to lower your moral standards by doing something which is unpleasant, dishonest or unfair 卑鄙到做…的地步，堕落到做…的地步
• I don't believe she would ever stoop to bribery or blackmail. 我不相信她会堕落到行贿和勒索的地步。
• [+ -ing verb] He was amazed that a reputable firm would stoop to selling the names of their clients to other companies. 他很惊讶一家声誉卓著的公司竟会堕落到把客户的名单出卖给其他公司。
[stu:p] noun
STEPS 台阶
countable US
■a raised flat area in front of the door of a house, with steps leading up to it 门廊，门阶
• She got home to find the kids sitting on the stoop waiting for her. 她回到家，发现孩子们正坐在门廊上等她。
[stu:p] noun
BEND 弯曲
only singular
■when someone stands or walks with their head and shoulders bent slightly forwards and down 驼背，弓背
• He is a tall man with a slight stoop. 他是个高个子，有点驼背。
bend, stoop
这组词都有“弯腰，弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
bend: 指人指物皆可，含义广，指任何弯曲的动作。可引申作屈从解。
stoop: 通常用于人，指屈膝降低身体高度或低头弯腰。常引申作屈从或不顾尊严。
vi. 弯腰；屈服；堕落
 - succumb, to surrender
n. 弯腰，屈背；屈服
 - waist bends, yieldance
vt. 辱没，堕落；俯曲
 - go to the bowwows, go to the deuce

Word: pantry
Front: pantry
[ˈpæntri] (六宝 10360/15830)
Vocabulary: pantry
(once / 1804 pages)
n
A pantry is an area in or near a kitchen where food is stored. When you buy a hundred boxes of macaroni and cheese that are on sale, you'll need to make room in the pantry for them.
Not every kitchen has a pantry, a dedicated space for storing food and other supplies. In some cases a pantry is a closet or cupboard with shelves, and sometimes a pantry is an entirely separate room adjacent to the kitchen. The Anglo-French source of pantry, panetrie, means "bread room," from the Medieval Latin panataria, "room of a servant in charge of food or bread." The Latin root, panis, means "bread."
WORD FAMILY
pantry: pantries
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he started cooking for himself, he grew frustrated searching for pantry staples like Aleppo pepper or urfa biber, a Turkish chili.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The newly configured kitchen got new cabinetry and flooring, as well as a pantry.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Laundry is added to the first floor, along with a pantry.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 餐具室，食品储存室; 〈美俚〉胃
分布：餐具室(58%)，食品储藏室(42%)
→来自拉丁语panis,面包，词源同pannier,company.即放面包的柜子，后引申词义食品贮藏柜。
食品室(pant面包+ry)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
面包房[pan=bread(面包)]
【记】pan拼：盘，try努力－努力把盘子放在食品柜里
【区】panther（n 豹，黑豹）；pastry（n 糕点）；paltry（adj 琐碎的）；patrol（v /n 巡逻）
noun countable
■a small room or large cupboard in a house where food is kept 食品贮藏室，食品储藏柜
n. 餐具室；食品室；食品储藏室
 - larder, bottlekhana

Word: avocado
Front: avocado
[ˌævəˈkɑ:dəʊ] (10371/20058 -1)
Vocabulary: avocado
(once / 17230 pages)
nadj
An avocado is a fruit with a thick green skin and mild, creamy flesh. If you've ever eaten guacamole, you've tasted avocado.
It might seem strange that an avocado is a fruit, because it's not sweet. Avocados have to be cut open before you eat them, and the hard pit in the middle needs to be removed. The inside of an avocado is firm but soft, a pale green shade. The word avocado is Spanish, from aguacate, and rooted in a Proto-Aztecan word, *pawa, that also meant avocado.
WORD FAMILY
avocado: avocados
USAGE EXAMPLES
One orange and avocado vendor offered to buy them up for 80 bolivars.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Combine the chickpeas, avocado, oil and lemon juice in a medium bowl.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Garlic, she said, is a rarity, while avocado, a treat she enjoyed once in a while, is all but absent from her table.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. <植>鳄梨，鳄梨树; 暗黄绿色
adj. 暗黄绿色的
分布：鳄梨树(100%)
→来自南美土著语ahuakatl, 梨，从西班牙传入英国，讹误成alligator, 鳄鱼，以讹传讹，最后翻译成了鳄梨。拼写爱advocate的影响。
US [-doʊ] (plural avocados) (UK also avocado pear)
noun countable
■a tropical fruit with thick green or purple skin and oily green flesh that can be eaten and which has a large round seed at the centre 鳄梨

Word: trim
Front: trim
[trɪm] (研四六托雅宝 4920/5969 -2)
Back: vt. 修剪; 整理; 装饰
adj. 整齐的，整洁的; 修长的; 苗条的
n. 整齐; 修剪; 健康状态; 装束
vi. 削减
时态：trimmed, trimming, trims
分布：修剪(35%)，装饰(32%)，削减(21%)，整齐(7%)，整洁的(3%)，匀称的(1%)，调整帆以适应风向(1%)
→来自古英语 trymian,使整齐，安排，加强，来自 Proto-Germanic*trum,坚固的，固定的，deru, 稳定的，稳固的，词源同 tree,true.引申词义修剪树枝，修整，装饰等。
a.整齐的,整洁的v./n.整理,修整,装饰With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
verb transitive (-mm-)
CUT 剪
■to make something tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it 修剪，修整
• to trim the hedge 修剪树篱
• My hair needs trimming. 我的头发需要剪一剪。
• Trim off the leafy ends of the vegetable before cooking. 烹饪之前，去掉菜多叶的一端。
[trɪm] verb transitive (-mm-)
REDUCE 减少
■to reduce the amount or size of something 消减，减少
• They're trying to trim their costs, so staff who leave are not being replaced. 他们正试图降低成本，所以没有安排填补离职员工的空缺。
[trɪm] adjective (trimmer, trimmest)
THIN 瘦的 approving
■thin in an attractive and healthy way 苗条的
• You're looking very trim - have you lost weight? 你看起来很苗条——你减肥了吗？
[trɪm] adjective (trimmer, trimmest)
TIDY 整齐的
■tidy and well-ordered 整齐的
• trim lawns and neat flower beds 平整的草坪和整洁的花坛
[trɪm] noun
CUT 剪
only singular
■when you make something, especially someone's hair, tidier or more level by cutting a small amount off it 修剪，修整
• I asked the hairdresser for a trim. 我请理发师给我修剪一下头发。
• Just give the ends a trim, please. 请把梢修一修就行。
[trɪm] noun
MATERIAL 材料
countable or uncountable
■ trimming
[trɪm] noun
PREPARED 准备好的
in trim informal
■physically prepared and ready, or in good condition 身体状况好；状态好
• Are you in trim for the run on Sunday? 星期天的赛跑你准备好了吗？
orderly, tidy, neat, trim
这组词都有“整齐的，整洁的”的意思，其区别是：
orderly: 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
tidy: 侧重整齐，井然有序。
neat: 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
trim: 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观。
vt. 修剪；整理；装点
 - shear, arrange, crop
vi. 削减
 - cut to the bone, cut down to
n. 修剪；整齐；情形
 - status, shear, regularity
adj. 整齐的
 - ordered, regular, straight, soigne

Word: brandy
Front: brandy
[ˈbrændi] (研四六 10392/5799 -1)
Back: n. 白兰地酒
v. 把…在白兰地酒中浸泡
分布：白兰地酒(97%)，以白兰地酒调制(3%)
→缩写自brandywine. brandy, 词源同brand, 燃烧。wine, 酒。
n.白兰地酒The grandson branded the brandy randomly.孙子给白兰地随机地打上烙印.
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a strong alcoholic drink made from wine and sometimes flavoured with fruits 白兰地
n. [食品] 白兰地酒
 - eau de vie, Nantz

Word: getaway
Front: getaway
[ˈgetəweɪ] (10373/20833 -1)
Back: n. （尤指犯罪后的）逃跑; （比赛的）开始
分布：逃跑(47%)，逃走(36%)，短假(10%)，适合旅行的地方(7%)
/'getˌ-] informal
noun countable
■when someone leaves a place quickly, usually after committing a crime （通常指犯罪后）逃跑，逃走，逃离
• The two masked men made their getaway in a stolen van. 两个戴面具的人驾着一辆偷来的小型货车逃跑了。
• a getaway car （罪犯作案后）逃走用的汽车
⇒ See also get away at get
n. 起步；逃走
 - flight, first time step

Word: trusted
Front: trusted
[trʌstid] (10378/11411)
Back: adj. 可[置]信的，无错的
v. 相信，信任( trust的过去式和过去分词 ); 认为可靠; 想; 希望
分布：相信(50%)，信任(41%)，信托(6%)，委托(3%)
VERB
信任;信赖
If you trust someone, you believe that they are honest and sincere and will not deliberately do anything to harm you.
例：'I trust you completely,' he said...“我完全信任你，”他说。
例：He did argue in a general way that the president can't be trusted.他确实泛泛提过总统不可信赖。
N-UNCOUNT
信任;信赖
Your trust in someone is your belief that they are honest and sincere and will not deliberately do anything to harm you.
例：He destroyed me and my trust in men...他毁了我，也摧毁了我对男人的信任。
例：You've betrayed their trust...你已经背叛了他们的信任。
VERB
相信(某人会做某事)
If you trust someone to do something, you believe that they will do it.
例：That's why I must trust you to keep this secret...那就是为什么我必须得相信你会保守这个秘密的原因。
例：They argued that the ruling party could not be trusted to oversee its own removal from power.他们争辩说不能相信执政党会监督解除自身的权力。
VERB
托付;托交
If you trust someone with something important or valuable, you allow them to look after it or deal with it.
例：This could make your superiors hesitate to trust you with major responsibilities...这样会使上级不敢对你委以重任。
例：I'd trust him with my life.我愿把终身托付给他。
VERB
确信;觉得…可靠;对…放心
If you do not trust something, you feel that it is not safe or reliable.
例：She nodded, not trusting her own voice...她只点点头，没有说话。
例：For one thing, he didn't trust his legs to hold him up...首先，他不相信自己能站起来。
VERB
相信;认为…是正确的
If you trust someone's judgment or advice, you believe that it is good or right.
例：Jake has raised two smashing kids and I trust his judgement…杰克养大了两个了不起的孩子，我相信他的判断。
例：I blame myself and will never be able to trust my instinct again.我自责，而且今后再也不能相信自己的直觉了。
VERB
希望…是对的;估计…是对的
If you say you trust that something is true, you mean you hope and expect that it is true.
例：I trust you will take the earliest opportunity to make a full apology...我想你会一抓住机会就诚恳道歉的。
例：We trust that he and his department are considering our suggestion.我们估计他和他的部门正在考虑我们的建议。
VERB
坚信;深信;信仰
If you trust in someone or something, you believe strongly in them, and do not doubt their powers or their good intentions.
例：He was a pastor who trusted in the Lord who lived to preach.作为一名牧师，他相信上帝是用一生去传教的。
例：Don't blindly trust in the good faith of any government official.不要盲目信任任何政府官员的诚意。
N-COUNT
(财产)信托，托管
A trust is a financial arrangement in which a group of people or an organization keeps and invests money for someone.
例：You could also set up a trust so the children can't spend any inheritance until they are a certain age…你也可以设立财产信托，这样孩子们只有达到一定年龄才能动用遗产。
例：The money will be put in trust until she is 18.钱会交付他人托管，直到她年满 18 岁。
N-COUNT
信托基金机构;财产托管机构
A trust is a group of people or an organization that has control of an amount of money or property and invests it on behalf of other people or as a charity.
例：He had set up two charitable trusts...他已设立了两个慈善信托机构。
例：The National Childbirth Trust has recently conducted a survey of 1,271 new mothers.国家生育信托基金会最近对 1,271 位新妈妈做了一个调查。
N-COUNT
公立医院(由政府资助、独立经营)
In Britain, a trust or a trust hospital is a public hospital that receives its funding directly from the national government. It has its own board of governors and is not controlled by the local health authority.
例：St Mary's Hospital in Paddington became a self-governing trust this week.帕丁顿的圣玛丽医院这周成为政府资助的独立经营医院。
PHRASE
受托管;被托管
If something valuable is kept in trust, it is held and protected by a group of people or an organization on behalf of other people.
例：The British Library holds its collection in trust for the nation...大不列颠图书馆为国家保存被托管藏书。
例：Works of art are in trust to us during our lifetime.艺术品交由我们托管一生。
PHRASE
完全相信;对…毫不置疑
If you take something on trust after having heard or read it, you believe it completely without checking it.
例：He was adamant that the allegations were untrue, so I took him on trust.他坚持认为那些指控不属实，因此我也完全相信他。
adj. 可信的；受信任的
 - authentic, credible, believable
v. 信任；依靠；委托（trust的过去分词）
 - committed, leaned

Word: unused
Front: unused
[ˌʌnˈju:zd] (10381/8412 -1)
Back: adj. 未用过的; 不用的，空着的; 不习惯的; 无经验的
分布：未用过的(59%)，不习惯的(41%)
adjective
NOT USED 未用的 /ʌn'ju:zd/
■not being used at present, or never having been used 闲置的；未用过的
• You might as well take your father's car - there's no point in having it sit there unused in the garage. 你不妨开你父亲的车——没道理让它闲置在车库里。
adjective
NOT FAMILIAR 不熟悉的
be unused to sth]ʌn'ju:st/
■to not be familiar with a particular habit or experience 对…不习惯；对…不熟悉
• If you're unused to exercise your joints may ache the next day. 如果你不经常运动，明天就可能会觉得关节痛。
• I'm unused to getting up so early. 我不习惯这么早起床。
adj. 不用的；从未用过的
 - left-off

Word: casserole
Front: casserole
[ˈkæsərəʊl] (10349/12896 -1)
Vocabulary: casserole
(once / 12325 pages)
n
A casserole is a large, deep baking dish that can be used both in the oven and as a serving dish. Casserole is also what you call the food baked inside it, which is often a complete, gooey, one-dish meal.
You can use the word casserole for a ceramic, glass, or metal baking dish that goes right from the oven to the table, and you can also call the food that's cooked in it a casserole. Many casseroles are thick and warm comfort food, baked by thoughtful people in aprons. Cream of mushroom soup is a popular ingredient in a casserole. In French, casserole means "sauce pan," from the Latin root cattia, "pan" or "vessel."
WORD FAMILY
casserole: casseroles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heat the remaining oil in a large ovenproof sauté pan or shallow cast-iron casserole large enough to fit the chicken in a single layer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dear Heloise: I own several of the insulated casserole caddies used for transporting and keeping food warm.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Bring your favorite dish or casserole and we’ll share a meal.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 焙盘; 砂锅; 焙盘菜; 砂锅菜
分布：砂锅菜(100%)
→来自法语，义为炖锅，词源同kettle.
US [-ə.roʊl] noun countable or uncountable
■a dish made by cooking meat, vegetables or other foods in liquid inside a heavy container at low heat, or the heavy, deep container with a lid used in cooking such dishes 砂锅炖菜；砂锅，煲汤锅
• lamb casserole 砂锅羊肉

Word: bare
Front: bare
[beə(r)] (高研四托雅宝 3430/3196 -3)
Vocabulary: bare
(once / 89 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3adj 4v
When you kick off your shoes to walk on the beach, you are enjoying the feeling of your bare feet in the warm sand. The adjective bare describes something or someone that is naked or unclothed.
Bare can be used in many different ways: to describe the inside of your nearly-empty refrigerator, an uncarpeted floor, or your unadorned, sparsely decorated bedroom. The word bare can also be used as a verb meaning "to uncover or expose." When you reveal deep truths about yourself to another person — imagine confessing your passion for stamp collecting to a girl you like — you "bare your soul."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
bare / bear
Bare means naked, but to bear is to carry something. A bear is also a brown furry animal, but most people keep that one straight.
To bare is to uncover, either by removing clothes or revealing something. It's getting down to the bare bones. Bare-knuckled or barehanded means the gloves are off. Don't walk on glass in bare feet, and don't bare your soul to a con artist. Let's reveal a few good examples of bare:
In our textbooks, there are photos of physicians a century ago performing autopsies with their bare hands. (Salon)
At a bare minimum the crisis cost nearly $20,000 for each American. (New York Times)
If you can't bear to be naked, you can't stand it. Bear is to put up with or carry something, like a burden or a baby. Or both. It's spelled just like the animal. Grin and bear it means to smile during a storm, not to smile and disrobe. The Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution mentions the right to bear arms, and it has nothing to do with tank tops. If a tree bears fruit, you're in luck. Here are some non-furry bears caught in the wild:
But he could not bear to live in their dream without the one who was to share it. (Time)
Your son will still be your son, and your grandchildren your grands, no matter what name they bear. (New York Times)
If you can't bear to remember it all, just imagine a lumbering grizzly carrying a heavy load, and you'll bear this knowledge with glee! If a bear bares his teeth, though, run!
WORD FAMILY
bare: bared, barely, bareness, barer, bares, barest, baring+/baring: barings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of the rest of the apartment was bare.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That self-imposed deadline ended on Friday with the majority of the country’s ATMs still bare, and people such as Birja still struggling.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The two promptly put all their possessions in a storage unit and moved into a Texas apartment with the barest of essentials.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 光秃秃的; （房间、柜子等）空的; 赤裸的; 刚好够的
vt. 使赤裸; 使露出; 揭开; 脱（衣服）
时态：bared, baring, bares
分布：赤裸的(45%)，空的(24%)，暴露(22%)，仅有的(6%)，使裸露(3%)
→来自PIE *bhosos, 裸露的，纯粹的。
a.赤裸的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露I'm rarely aware that the square area is bare.我很少觉察到那个正方形区域是光秃秃的.
【记】ba爸re热－爸热。我爸是开小面的的，整天又出油、又出汗，多亏有了碧浪。不过还是得花钱买，有一天我劝他：“干脆，脱吧（暴露），把您那健壮的体魄展现给乘客，又凉快，又省钱，又省得洗衣服了，最大的好处是生意红火了。”
【反】occult（v 隐藏）
US [ber] adjective
NO CLOTHES 赤裸
 ADVANCED
■without any clothes or not covered by anything 赤裸的；裸体的；无遮蔽的；空的
• Don't walk around outside in your bare feet. 别赤脚在外面到处走。
• There's no carpet in the room, just bare floorboards. 房间里地板裸露，没有铺上地毯。
⇒ See also barefoot
UK [beər] US [ber] adjective
BASIC 基本的
■only the most basic or important 仅最基本的，只有最重要的
• I just packed the bare essentials (= the most basic and necessary things). 我只打包了最基本和最重要的必需品。
• There isn't much time, so I'll just give you the bare facts/details. 时间不多了，我只能给你提供一些最基本的事实／细节。
the bare minimum
■the least possible amount 最低限度，最少量
• She eats only the bare minimum to stay alive. 她吃得极少，仅够活下去而已。
UK [beər] US [ber] adjective
EMPTY 空的 literary
■If a cupboard or room is bare, there is nothing in it. （橱柜或房间）空无一物的
UK [beər] US [ber] adjective
with your bare hands
■without using any type of tool or weapon 赤手空拳，徒手
• He wrestled the lion to the ground with his bare hands. 他徒手将狮子摔倒在地。
UK [beər] US [ber] verb transitive
■to uncover something or make it bare 使赤裸，使暴露，除去…的覆盖物
• The men bared their heads (= took their hats off as a sign of respect) as they entered the church. 男人们走进教堂时都脱掉帽子。
• He became nervous when the dog growled and bared its teeth at him (= showed its teeth to him). 当狗咆哮着，向他龇牙咧嘴时，他变得紧张。
UK [beər] US [ber] verb transitive
bare your heart/soul
■to tell someone your secret thoughts and feelings 打开心扉；倾吐心声
• We don't know each other that well. I certainly wouldn't bare my soul to her. 我们之间并不是那么熟悉，我自然不会向她坦露心扉。
barren, naked, bald, bare
这组词都有“裸露的”的意思，其区别是：
barren: 着重缺少肥力或生活能力，无草无木，荒瘠不毛。
naked: 指全身一丝不挂，暴露无遗。
bald: 指头上无发，山坡无树无草，树顶无叶。
bare: 指缺少必要的遮盖物。用于人时，多指身体的部分裸露。
adj. 空的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的
 - empty, hollow, vacant
vt. 露出，使赤裸
 - show up

Word: cycle
Front: cycle
[ˈsaɪkl] (高研四六雅 2220/2200 -K3)
Vocabulary: cycle
(once / 275 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
A cycle is a series of events that happen repeatedly in the same order. Or, it is a slang term for a bicycle. If you ride a cycle to work, we suggest putting your clothes through the wash cycle twice — or wear strong cologne.
We get cycle from Latin cyclus and Greek kuklos, both meaning "circle." So you can see where bi- (two) and tri- (three) + cycle got their names. Nowadays, cycle can be a verb or a noun: You can ride a cycle or you can cycle to the park. The same holds true when you’re talking about a sequence of repeating events: The seasons cycle through spring, summer, fall, and winter. The plant life cycle goes from seed to flower to seed dispersal.
WORD FAMILY
cycle: bicycle, cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling, cyclist, unicycle +/ bicycle: bicycled, bicycler, bicycles, bicycling, bicyclist/bicycler: bicyclers/bicyclist: bicyclists/ cyclic: cyclically, cyclicity, noncyclic/ cyclical: encyclical, noncyclical/cyclist: cyclists/encyclical: encyclicals/ unicycle: unicycles, unicycling, unicyclist/unicyclist: unicyclists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gas is drawn off and compressed for further use, and the amine solution is then cycled back through the system to absorb more CO2.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the cycle of children running about Alico Arena’s hallways continues.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s a clichéd saying, but the cycle of poverty is true. It really is a cycle,” Phifer said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 循环，周期; 自行车; 时代，一段时间; 整套
vi. 周而复始，循环; 骑自行车; 轮转
vt. 运转，循环; 使轮转
时态：cycled, cycling, cycles
分布：周期(54%)，循环(35%)，自行车(6%)，骑自行车(4%)，摩托车(1%)
→来自kwel, 弯，转。词源同colony, culture, pole.
周期[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
n.自行车;周期,循环v.骑自行车;循环He cycles to school every day.他每天骑车上学.
noun
BICYCLE 单车／脚踏车／自行车
 IMPROVER countable
■a bicycle 单车，脚踏车，自行车
['saɪ.kl] noun
SERIES 连续
countable
■a group of events which happen in a particular order, one following the other, and which are often repeated 循环；周期
• the life cycle of a moth 蛾的生命周期
countable
■one in a series of movements that a machine performs （机器的）工作周期，工作程式
• the spin cycle 脱水程序
['saɪ.kl] noun
PLAYS/POEMS 戏剧／诗歌
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of plays, poems, etc. written by one person and connected with each other by dealing with the same characters or ideas （表现相同人物或思想的）全套剧目，组诗
• It's one in a cycle of plays that are being performed on successive evenings. 这几部连台戏连续几晚都在上演，这只是其中一部。
['saɪ.kl] verb intransitive
■to ride a bicycle 骑单车／脚踏车
n. 循环；周期； [车辆] 自行车；整套；一段时间
 - circle, revolution, rotation, round, bike
vt. 使循环；使轮转
 - circulate
vi. 循环； [车辆] 骑自行车；轮转
 - circumrotate, ride a bike

Word: predictive
Front: predictive
[prɪˈdɪktɪv] (托 10404/16161)
Back: adj. 预言性的，成为前兆的
分布：预测的(75%)，预兆的(14%)，预言的(11%)
[prɪ'dɪk.tɪv] formal
adjective
■relating to the ability to predict 预言性的，预测的；前瞻的
• The predictive value of this new method of analysis has still to be proven. 这一新分析方法的预测值还有待证实。
adj. 预言性的；成为前兆的
 - sibylline, fatidic

Word: collateral
Front: collateral
[kəˈlætərəl] (托宝 10379/15524 -1)
Vocabulary: collateral
(once / 1993 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n
It's what you promise to give someone if you don't repay a loan, like the car you put up as collateral when you take a loan out from the bank. As an adjective, collateral can refer to something indirect or off to the side, like collateral damage.
Collateral is the watch you put on the table in a poker game, or the shoes you trade in at the bowling alley. If you pay back your debts, you get your goods back. As an adjective, collateral describes something indirect, like collateral damage (non-soldiers inadvertently killed in war) or collateral relatives such as your second-cousin-once-removed that your mother keeps bugging you to call.
WORD FAMILY
collateral: collateralize, collaterally, collaterals+/collateralize: collateralized, collateralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It asks the viewer to find warmth in the darkness, which is something that “Collateral Beauty” also focuses on.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a classic business deal, an entrepreneur puts up collateral to get a loan for a potentially profitable investment.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Even a bantamweight approach to the subject such as Collateral Beauty is walking on eggshells, trying to reassure audiences that it isn’t one big downer.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 担保物; 旁系亲属
adj. 并行的; 附属的; 旁系的
分布：并行的(29%)，附属的(22%)，旁系的(22%)，附属担保物(11%)，副保(8%)，支亲(8%)
→col-, 强调。-later, 边，词源同lateral. 即放在旁边作为抵押物品的。
并列的,并行的(col+later边→al→周边的→并列的)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
【记】col共同，later旁边－共同的边－平行的
【参】bilateral（adj 有两面的，双边的）；equilateral（adj 等边的）
US [-'lætˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable specialized
■valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money which they agree will become the property of the company or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back 担保品，抵押品
• She used/put up her house as collateral for a loan. 她用自己的房屋作抵押来贷款。
UK [kə'læt.ər.əl] US [-'lætˌ.ɚ-] adjective formal
■connected but less important, or of the same family although not directly related 附带的，次要的；（亲戚）旁系的，非直系的
• collateral senses of a word 词语的次要意义
• a collateral branch of the family 家族的旁系
adj. 并行的； [遗] 旁系的；附属的
 - subsidiary, paralleled
n. 抵押品； [法] 担保品；旁系亲属
 - security, guarantee

Word: sublime
Front: sublime
[səˈblaɪm] (宝 10377/11578 -1)
Vocabulary: sublime
(once / 320 pages)
1adj 2v
In common use, sublime is an adjective meaning "awe-inspiringly grand, excellent, or impressive," like the best chocolate fudge sundae you've ever had.
You might describe a spine-tingling piece of music as "a work of sublime beauty." With the, the word also functions as a noun meaning "something that strikes the mind with a sense of grandeur or power": "Never need an American look beyond his own country for the sublime and beautiful of natural scenery," wrote Washington Irving. The beauty of music or nature can be awe-inspiring, but sublime is also useful for describing everything from an impressive serve in tennis to a jaw-droppingly good taste sensation.
WORD FAMILY
sublime: sublimate, sublimed, sublimely, sublimer, sublimes, sublimest, subliming, sublimity +/ sublimate: sublimated, sublimates, sublimating, sublimation / sublimation: sublimations/ sublimity: sublimities
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was sublime chanting from a choir of men and women in smart cream uniforms.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The most sublime and insightful words, more often than not, emerge from decidedly ignoble creatures.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
The island is beautiful but oblique, sublime yet functionally inscrutable.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 庄严的，雄伟的; 令人赞叹的; 极端的; 傲慢的
n. 庄严，崇高; 高无上，顶点
vt. （使）升华，精练; （使）变高尚
vi. 升华; 变高尚
时态：sublimed, subliming, sublimes
分布：升华(32%)，高尚(21%)，高尚的(10%)，变高尚(10%)，壮观的(8%)，气化(8%)，非凡的(5%)，顶峰(3%)，极其的(3%)
→sub-,在下，向上，-lim,门槛，界限，词源同 limit.引申比喻义接近完美的界限，升华，使高 尚。引申词义崇高的，壮观的。
崇高的(sub在...下面+lime限制→在限制下不乱做事→崇高的)[limin,lim=threshold,表示"门槛,限制"]
【记】sub下面，lime＝limit限制－下面有人限制你，所以你精神崇高的
【参】sublimate（v 使升华；adj 高尚的）；subliminal（adj 下意识的）
【反】base＝despicable（adj 可鄙的）；ridiculous（adj 荒谬可笑的）；common（adj 庸俗的）；furtive（adj 偷偷摸摸的）『worthless』
adjective
■extremely good, beautiful or enjoyable 极好的；极美的；令人极度愉悦的
• sublime beauty 令人赞叹的美
• The book contains sublime descriptive passages. 这本书中有一些非常优美的描写段落。
■very great 非常大的；极强的
• He possesses sublime self-confidence. 他自信心很强。
[sə'blaɪm] noun
the sublime
■something that is sublime 极好之物；极美之物；绝妙之物
• A great deal of literature is only the obvious transformed into the sublime. 很多文学作品都是化腐朽为神奇。
[sə'blaɪm] noun
from the sublime to the ridiculous
■from something that is very good or very serious to something very bad or silly 从高尚到荒谬，从崇高到低俗
• The dresses in the fashion show went/ranged from the sublime to the ridiculous. 时装展上的作品良莠不齐。
adj. 庄严的；令人崇敬的；极端的；超群的
 - ultra, extreme, solemn, sacred, majestic
n. 崇高；顶点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, apex
vi. 升华；纯化；变高尚
 - rarefy

Word: complexion
Front: complexion
[kəmˈplekʃn] (雅宝 10375/9586 -1)
Vocabulary: complexion
(once / 442 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Complexion refers to the color of a person's skin, especially the face. If you have light skin, for example, you might be said to have a fair or pale complexion.
The general character of something can also be called its complexion. If your team's star quarterback is out with an injury, it will change the complexion of the next game and possibly the entire season. Complexion originally referred to the humors that in ancient Greek and Roman medicine supposedly made up a person's temperament and health. The word came from the Latin complexionem, or "combination," but as humorism fell out of favor, this definition of complexion also became obsolete.
WORD FAMILY
complexion: complexioned, complexions+/complect: complected, complexion
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Bodies like mine, women of my color and my complexion.”
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Because of my reclusiveness, the complexion of each day mimics the one before it.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
The ugly new face of the US may be “white” but its actual complexion is best described as a vehement orange.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 肤色，面色，气色; 形式，局面
分布：肤色(64%)，面色(17%)，局面(17%)，体质(1%)，特性(1%)
→来自complex, 多成分组成的，形成身体特质的，肤色的。同complected.
面色,表情(com全部+plex+ion→全部表情重叠于面部→面色)[plex=fold,表示"重叠"]
【记】com共同，plex重叠交叉－外表就是各种肤色重叠交叉的产物，比如：黑眼球，红嘴唇，黄皮肤……complex的complexion（局面）是由种族问题造成的，种族问题是由complexion（肤色）造成的
【参】complexity（n 复杂性，复杂的事物）；duplicity（n 口是心非）
noun countable
FACE 脸
■the natural appearance of the skin on a person's face, especially its colour or quality （天然的）面色，肤色，气色
• a dark/fair complexion 黝黑／白晰的肤色
• a healthy/clear/spotty complexion 健康／白净／斑斑点点的皮肤
[kəm'plek.ʃən] noun countable
CHARACTER 特征
■the general character of something 一般特征；性质
• These are radical changes which will alter the complexion of the British contemporary dance scene. 这些变化非常大，将会彻底改变英国当代舞蹈界的格局。
• What Pablo has just said puts an entirely/completely new complexion on (= changes) things. 巴勃罗刚刚所说的话使事情发生了彻底的变化。
nature, complexion, personality, disposition, character, temper
这组词都有“性格、气质、性情、习性”的意思，其区别是：
nature: 指天生的、不可改变性格。
complexion: 指由思维方式、态度和情绪所决定的本质特征。
personality: 主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。
disposition: 书面用词，指人的主要爱好或思想、精神方面的重要习性、气质。也可指短暂的情绪。
character: 指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。
temper: 指从感情方面体现出来，决定处理问题或应付形势的方式的性格或性情，这种性情可以是暂时的也可以长久的。
n. 肤色；面色；情况；局面
 - situation, circumstance, thing, color, case

Word: decency
Front: decency
[ˈdi:snsi] (宝 10391/9570 -1)
Vocabulary: decency
(once / 1025 pages)
n
The personal quality of decency is one of honesty, good manners, and respect for other people.
Over time, decency has referred to manners, but today decency is mainly a strong sense of right and wrong, and a high standard of honesty. When a criminal or dictator does horrible things, people assume they have no sense of decency. When a tasteless or violent TV show becomes popular, some people wonder if society has lost its sense of decency. Asking "Have you no decency?" is a serious question, unless you're being silly and complaining about something like homework.
WORD FAMILY
decency: decencies+/ decent: decency, decenter, decentest, decently, indecent / indecency: indecencies/ indecent: indecency, indecenter, indecently
USAGE EXAMPLES
It played like an average, unreliable squad that settles for decency, squints when the lights are bright and fails to maximize its best attributes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a disgrace. . . . It was a situation way beyond decency.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Dialogue and decency: In today’s hyper-polarized political climate, these are as rare as unicorns.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 正派; 正直; 体面; 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准
分布：体面(48%)，礼貌(33%)，得体(16%)，行为规范.(3%)
noun
uncountable
■behaviour that is good, moral and acceptable in society 正直，正派；正经
• a sense of decency 正义感
• [+ to infinitive] She didn't even have the decency to apologize. 她竟然没有诚意道歉。
the decencies [plural] UK old-fashioned
■the acceptable or expected ways of doing something 规矩；礼仪；行为准则
• I hate going to funerals, but you must observe the decencies (= it is something you should do). 我讨厌出席葬礼，但这是基本的礼仪不得不去。
n. 正派；体面；庄重；合乎礼仪；礼貌
 - respectability, civility

Word: plaid
Front: plaid
[plæd] (10374/20558 -1)
Vocabulary: plaid
(once / 2251 pages)
n
Plaid describes the crisscross pattern found on a Scottish kilt or a punk rocker’s pants. It can be a kind of cloth woven with the design, or a name for the design itself. Fashion-wise, it’s a bold but versatile pattern.
Plaid is traditionally made from wool or flannel with a multi-colored tartan design — in other words, a pattern of vertical and horizontal bands of color. These days, every kind of clothing is available in plaid, from socks to skirts to scarves. In English-speaking countries other than the US, plaid is more likely to be called tartan, in fact. In Scotland, a plaid is actually a traditional blanket-like garment, and in Gaelic, plaide means "blanket."
WORD FAMILY
plaid: plaids
USAGE EXAMPLES
We see Earnest in ill-fitting suits, duo colour weather beaten T-shirts, plaid shirts, Vans and a backpack.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In her simple, unassuming plaid dress and smart-girl cat’s-eye glasses, she’s about to challenge their world—and change it for the better.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Tennant — burly and nearly six feet tall, wearing jeans, a plaid flannel shirt and a baseball cap — did not resemble a typical Taft client.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: n. 彩格呢; 格子图案; 毛呢长披肩（苏格兰民族服饰）
adj. 有格子图案的
分布：格子花呢(83%)，格子花呢披肩(17%)
→来自苏格兰语plaid,格子呢，词源不详。可能来自ply的过去分词，编织，缠绕，词源同plait.
noun uncountable mainly US for tartan

Word: notwithstanding
Front: notwithstanding
[ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ] (研六托 10393/9042 -1)
Vocabulary: notwithstanding
(once / 193 pages)
adv
Notwithstanding means "in spite of something." Your boasts about having memorized the entire textbook and bribing the teacher with apples notwithstanding, you still managed to fail the final exam with flying colors.
You don't have to look too closely at the word to be able to break it into three parts: not- + withstand (to successfully oppose or resist) + the participial ending -ing. In the most literal sense, notwithstanding actually means to successfully oppose or resist. Top-of-the-line wet-traction tires notwithstanding, the car still got stuck in the mud. Notwithstanding works just as well in a more figurative context. His reputation for charm and tact notwithstanding, he offended everyone in the room.
WORD FAMILY
notwithstanding: notwithstandings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s right, over 30,000 settlement units advance notwithstanding the positions in the United States and other countries.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
The bigger problem is that, Tesla-lovers notwithstanding, few people want to buy electric cars.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: prep. 尽管; 虽然
adv. 尽管如此，仍然; 还是
conj. 虽然，尽管
分布：尽管(72%)，虽然(25%)，纵使(3%)
→来自not withstanding,对应拉丁语non obstante,没有障碍。后用于副词虽然，尽管。比较nevertheless,nonetheless.
prep./ad./conj.尽管Hitherto the withering flowers can't withstand the sunshine notwithstanding my care.尽管有我的呵护,这些凋谢的花至今仍经不起阳光.
US [ˌnɑ:t-] formal
preposition adverb
■despite the fact or thing mentioned 尽管
• Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. 尽管遭到一些成员反对，我还是认为我们应该实施该计划。
• Injuries notwithstanding, he won the semi-final match. 尽管身上有伤，他还是在半决赛中获胜。
in spite of, notwithstanding, despite
这组词都有“虽然，尽管”的意思，其区别是：
in spite of: 在这些词中语气最强，可与despite换用，口语或书面语中均可使用。
notwithstanding: 语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。
despite: 书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。
adv. 尽管，仍然
 - still, toujours
prep. 尽管，虽然
 - in spite of, in despite of
conj. 虽然
 - although, while, though, as, albeit

Word: internship
Front: internship
[ˈɪntɜ:nʃɪp] (10397/-)
Vocabulary: internship
(once / 11879 pages)
n
An internship is a temporary position with an emphasis on on-the-job training rather than merely employment, and it can be paid or unpaid. If you want to go into publishing, you might have to take an internship before you are qualified for an actual job.
To intern means "to pass inside something," and when you have an internship, it's like you've temporarily gotten permission to be inside a workplace. If you're just completing your medical training, then the next stage is to get a medical internship, in which you are supervised by more experienced doctors. Sometimes your internship is part of your "residency," your first hospital job.
WORD FAMILY
internship: internships+/ intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship /internee: internees/internist: internists/ internment: internments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Digital Future Lab works as an in-house internship opportunity for students studying on the Bothell campus, said Pace, the lab director.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It needs to reach students when they're freshmen and incorporate mentors, internships and work experience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The program will allow students to earn college credits and provide access to early internship opportunities.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. <美>实习医师，实习医师期
分布：实习期(91%)，实习生职位(9%)
→来自intern,实习。
US [-tɝ:n-] noun countable
MEDICAL 医学 US a period of training spent in a hospital by a young doctor in order to finish their medical qualification 医生实习期
• He served his internship at Garfield Hospital. 他在嘉菲尔医院渡过了实习期。
UK ['ɪn.tɜ:n.ʃɪp] US [-tɝ:n-] noun countable
STUDENT 学生 US a period of time spent doing a job as part of becoming qualified to do it 实习期
• Jane has a summer internship at a local TV station. 暑期时，简在当地一家电视台实习。
n. 实习生；（美）实习期；实习医师职位
 - trainee, probationer

Word: forestry
Front: forestry
[ˈfɒrɪstri] (雅宝 10394/5885)
Back: n. 林学; 林业; 造林术; 林地
分布：林业(94%)，林学(6%)
林学(forest森林)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
US ['fɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■the science of planting and taking care of large areas of trees 林学；林业

Word: infiltrate
Front: infiltrate
[ˈɪnfɪltreɪt] (托宝 10390/11466 -1)
Vocabulary: infiltrate
(once / 3116 pages)
v
If you infiltrate a group or organization, you join it in order to gain information, like an employee of a donut shop that infiltrates the competition to try to learn its "secret recipe" for its delicious dough.
Infiltrate is a verb that is familiar to international spies and undercover agents, who are all adept at joining a group under false pretenses, fitting in, and working their way up to the highest ranks in order to find out as much information as they can about the group. The word can be used more broadly to describe anything that stealthily becomes a part of something else, such as slang words that infiltrate our everyday speech.
WORD FAMILY
infiltrate: infiltrated, infiltrates, infiltrating, infiltration, infiltrator+/infiltration: infiltrations/infiltrator: infiltrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or maybe even the code running an electrical grid, such as the one Russian hackers recently tried to infiltrate in Vermont.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Burlington company said it was "working with federal officials to trace this malware and prevent any other attempts to infiltrate utility systems".
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
“Our team is working with federal officials to trace this malware and prevent any other attempts to infiltrate utility systems,” the company said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）渗透，（使）渗入; （使）潜入
n. 渗透物
时态：infiltrated, infiltrating, infiltrates
分布：潜入(100%)
→in-,进入，使，filter,渗透，过滤。即渗进去的，引申词义潜入，渗透。
渗透(in+filtr过滤+ate)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】filtrate（v 过滤；筛选）；filter（n 过滤器vt 过滤）
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to secretly become part of a group in order to get information or to influence the way that group thinks or behaves （使）潜入；（使）渗透
• A journalist managed to infiltrate the powerful drug cartel. 一位记者设法渗入了势力强大的贩毒集团内部。
■to move slowly into a substance, place, system or organization 渗透（进入某物质、地方、系统或机构）
• At about this time the new ideas about 'corporate management' had begun to infiltrate (into) local government. 大约此时，有关“共同管理”的一些新思想逐步开始为当地政府所接受。
vt. 使潜入；使渗入，使浸润
 - insinuate into
vi. 渗入
 - filter, sink in

Word: testosterone
Front: testosterone
[teˈstɒstərəʊn] (10400/26997 -1)
Vocabulary: testosterone
(once / 9728 pages)
n
Testosterone is a hormone made in the testes in males and in the ovaries in females. Testosterone is generally found in greater amounts in males, where it aids in the development of the male sex organs and sperm.
The word testosterone was coined in the 1930s. It is based on the Latin word testis, which means testicle, and the word sterol, meaning steroid. Because it is the hormone that develops male characteristics, the word testosterone sometimes refers to the quality of being male. A room crowded with men watching football is commonly described as being "full of testosterone."
WORD FAMILY
testosterone
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, Harper compared a transgender woman with suppressed testosterone to a large model car with a small engine.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Testosterone and other growth hormones plunge along with estrogen, so building and maintaining muscle is tougher.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The resistance to insulin leads, through a series of chemical reactions, to an excess of testosterone.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [生化]睾酮; 睾丸素（男性荷尔蒙的一种）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语 testis,睾丸，-ster,固化，词源同 sterol,-one,酮。
US [-'tɑ:.stɚ.oʊn] noun uncountable
■a male hormone that causes a stage of growth in older boys and change in their reproductive organs 睾丸素；睾酮

Word: paramedic
Front: paramedic
[ˌpærəˈmedɪk] (10384/36164)
Vocabulary: paramedic
(once / 15192 pages)
n
A paramedic is someone trained to assist medical professionals. The workers in an ambulance are paramedics.
Just as a paralegal works with the law but isn't a lawyer, a paramedic is involved with medicine while not quite being a nurse or doctor. Rather, paramedics help doctors and nurses: paramedics are assistants. Paramedics are most well-known for working in ambulances. If you have a medical emergency — such as choking or a heart attack — paramedics will be there to help if you call 911. Paramedics save many lives every day.
WORD FAMILY
paramedic: paramedical, paramedics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheriff’s office says a deputy arrived on the scene and applied a tourniquet to the officer until paramedics arrived.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Jesus is returning to college, where he is on a pre-med track and wants to be a paramedic.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The man, aged in his 20s, was treated by paramedics but died at the scene.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <美>护理人员，医务辅助人员
分布：护理人员(100%)
→para-,辅助，准，-med,医疗，词源同medical,medicine.
US [ˌper.ə'med-] noun countable
■a person who is trained to do medical work, especially in an emergency, but who is not a doctor or nurse （非医生或护士的）护理人员，医务辅助人员
n. 护理人员；伞兵军医；伞降医务人员
 - nursing staff, nursing personnel

Word: wrench
Front: wrench
[rentʃ] (研六雅宝 10376/10564 -1)
Vocabulary: wrench
(once / 827 pages)
nv
To wrench means to grab or pull something with a lot of physical force. See this teddy bear? If you want it, you’ll have to wrench it out of my hands, because I’m not willing to give it up.
Maybe you have a wrench at home, that is, a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or a pipe joint. If so, you also have a great way to remember what wrench the verb means. Just imagine you're twisting with a wrench, except instead of using a tool, you’re using your hands. If something is heart wrenching, it makes you feel very sad. If you wrench a part of your body, you strain, pull or twist it, injuring yourself in some way.
WORD FAMILY
wrench: wrenched, wrenches, wrenching+/wrenching: wrenchingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A woman was sitting in the car, and a man was trying to open the boxes with a screwdriver and wrench.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As he was questioned, the soldiers twisted the wrench, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
What’s even more wrenching is that at the time of his death, Michael was poised for a major resurgence.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 扳手; 扭伤; 突然的悲痛
vt. 扭伤; 扭转; 歪曲
时态：wrenched, wrenching, wrenches
分布：猛扭(29%)，痛苦(26%)，扭伤(24%)，曲解(13%)，挣脱(8%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrest。引申义猛拉。
v.猛拧;挣脱;使扭伤n.扳手;痛苦,难受He wrenched the window open.他把窗户撬开.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），ench
verb
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to pull and twist something suddenly or violently away from a fixed position 猛拉；猛扭；猛扯
• The photographer tripped over a lead, wrenching a microphone from its stand. 摄影师被一根电线绊了一下，将一支麦克风从底座上猛扯了下来。
• The phone had been wrenched from/off the wall. 电话从墙上被猛地扯了下来。
• The ball was wrenched out of his grasp by another player. 球被另一名球员从他手中猛地抢了过去。
• His hands were tied but he managed to wrench himself free. 他双手被绑，但他设法挣脱开来。
transitive
■to twist part of your body badly, such as your arm or leg, and injure it 扭伤（身体部位）
• He wrenched his right shoulder during a game of hockey. 他在一场曲棍球比赛中扭伤了自己的右肩。
transitive usually passive
■to suddenly take someone from people they love, causing them great unhappiness 夺走（某人）；拆散
• At the age of eight, she was wrenched from her foster parents and sent to live with another family. 八岁时，她被人从养父母身边夺走，送去与另一家人一起生活。
[rentʃ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable mainly US
■a spanner , usually one which can be made larger or smaller for holding and turning objects of different sizes 扳手
• an adjustable wrench 活动扳手
⇒ See also monkey wrench
[rentʃ] noun
PULL 拉
countable usually singular
■a sudden, violent twist or pull 猛扭；猛拉；猛扯
[rentʃ] noun
UNHAPPY FEELING 痛苦
only singular
■a feeling of unhappiness when you have to leave a person or place that you love （被迫离开某人或某地时的）痛苦，难受
• She found leaving home a real wrench. 她发现离开家是一件非常痛苦的事。
n. 扳手， [机] 扳钳；扭伤；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭
 - violence, smart, strain, hurt
vt. 扭伤；猛扭；曲解；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear
vi. 扭伤；猛扭；猛绞
 - rick

Word: tendon
Front: tendon
[ˈtendən] (10370/12675 -1)
Vocabulary: tendon
(once / 2556 pages)
n
If you feel the back of your ankle, you will find the tough, ropelike tendon that joins your calf muscle to your heel bone. That's the job of tendons throughout your body: connecting bone and muscle so you can move.
Consider that the Latin word tendere means "to stretch." That's an apt beginning for the word tendon, a tough but stretchy fibrous tissue (sinew). A tendon is made of dense bundles of fibrous collagen that form ropelike connectors that allow muscles and bones to work together. Athletes often suffer injuries to tendons, most often to the rotator cuff in the shoulder, the Achilles tendon in the leg, the patellar tendon in the knee, and the biceps muscle in the arm.
WORD FAMILY
tendon: tendinous, tendons
USAGE EXAMPLES
He played in two games, then the pain in his Achilles’ tendons flared back up and forced him to the sidelines again.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Doctson, meanwhile, developed a medically mystifying Achilles’ tendon ailment that migrated from one ankle to the next.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In 2014, Hall tore his Achilles tendon in Week 3.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. <解>筋，腱
分布：腱(100%)
→tend-,延伸，伸长，-on,名词后缀。用于指腱，肌腱。
noun countable
■a strong band of tissue in the body connecting a muscle to a bone （连接肌肉和骨头的）腱，肌腱
n. [解剖] 腱
 - chorda

Word: accessibility
Front: accessibility
[əkˌsesə'bɪlətɪ] (托 10407/12242)
Vocabulary: accessibility
(once / 2593 pages)
1n 2n
Accessibility is approachability. One of the things you may want to consider in a job is the accessibility of the managers. If you have a concern, are they available to help, or are they always in meetings or "at lunch"?
Accessibility also refers to the quality of being available when needed. You like the accessibility of the company's customer service because you don't have to wait endlessly on hold in hopes of reaching a human being. Accessibility also refers to how easily a disabled person can negotiate part of a building or structure. The stadium had wheelchair accessibility with ramps and a special seating area.
WORD FAMILY
accessibility: accessibilities+/ access: accessed, accesses, accessible, accessing, de-access/ accessible: accessibility, accessibly, inaccessible, unaccessible/inaccessibility: inaccessibilities/ inaccessible: inaccessibility, inaccessibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, the lawsuit asserts, she drove him to a house in Baltimore with no handicap accessibility.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He’s now president of Lifeway Mobility, a Hartford-based company that sells accessibility products, like wheelchairs and stair lifts, throughout southern New England.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In terms of accessibility, their looks are immortal.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 易接近，可到达; 学习资料利用率; 可诣达性; 可达性
分布：易接近(64%)，可以得到(36%)
ADJ-GRADED
易到达的;易进入的;易够到的
If a place or building is accessible to people, it is easy for them to reach it or get into it. If an object is accessible, it is easy to reach.
例：The Centre is easily accessible to the general public...该中心普通大众可随意进入。
例：The premises are wheelchair accessible...该场所轮椅可以自由出入。
ADJ-GRADED
易使用的;易得到的
If something is accessible to people, they can easily use it or obtain it.
例：The legal aid system should be accessible to more people...法律援助制度应该面向更多人。
例：This device helps make virtual reality a more usable and accessible technology.这一装置有助于使虚拟现实成为更可用、更便利的技术。
ADJ-GRADED
可以理解的;易懂的
If you describe a book, painting, or other work of art as accessible, you think it is good because it is simple enough for people to understand and appreciate easily.
例：...literary books that are accessible to a general audience.一般读者都能欣赏的文学作品
例：...their reputation for providing exciting and accessible theatre for young people.他们在为年轻人奉献喜闻乐见的精彩戏剧方面是出了名的
n. 易接近；可亲；可以得到
 - approachability

Word: pixel
Front: pixel
[ˈpɪksl] (10356/10962)
Vocabulary: pixel
(once / 22556 pages)
n
A pixel is one of the small dots or squares that make up an image on a computer screen. The more pixels there are, the more the image looks real or accurate.
Any digital image is made up of pixels, and when someone talks about the resolution of a computer monitor or TV screen, they're referring to the number of pixels. Older televisions have around 300,000 pixels, but new high-definition TVs can have more than two million pixels, which produces a very sharp, clear image. The word pixel came from pictures, or pics, and element, and was coined in 1969.
WORD FAMILY
pixel: pixels
USAGE EXAMPLES
For travelers, Google Home and Pixel are the most relevant.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The two donated a Google Pixel Android phone and a Google Daydream headset to the Pioneers’ Home.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Pixel was first released in September last year and overhauled the main desktop interface owners see and use when working with their Pi.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （显示器或电视机图像的）像素
分布：像素(100%)
→来自pix,照片，-el,缩写自element,元素，要素。引申词义像素。
['pɪk.səl] specialized
noun countable
■the smallest unit of an image on a television or computer screen 画素（电视或电脑萤幕图像的最小组成单位）
n. （显示器或电视机图象的）象素（等于picture element）
 - pels, elemental area

Word: enlightened
Front: enlightened
[ɪnˈlaɪtnd] (10398/8804 -1)
Vocabulary: enlightened
(once / 566 pages)
adjn
Have you ever thought long and hard about a problem and then, suddenly, experienced an "ah-ha!" moment? If your answer is yes, then congratulations! You were enlightened or in possession of a clear understanding of what was otherwise mysterious.
The word enlightened comes from the Latin prefix en meaning "in, into" and the word lux meaning "light." Combine these meanings — "into the light" — and you're describing what it is that characterizes an enlightened person: a sense of clarity and understanding. People often seek to be enlightened spiritually, by taking pilgrimages, meditating, or looking to spiritual gurus like the Dalai Lama.
WORD FAMILY
enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened+/ enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/ lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In it, he called himself Joseph Lumbroso — Joseph the Enlightened.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But don’t assume this is simply a clash between the ignorant and the enlightened.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
At the age of fifty-seven, Sisi replaced a seventy-six-year-old general, and the appointment seemed to reflect a transition to a younger, more enlightened officer corps.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 开明的; 有知识的; 有见识的; 进步的
v. 启发; 开导
分布：开明的(73%)，进步的(15%)，有知识的(10%)，动词enlighten的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
US [-tˌənd] approving
adjective
■showing understanding, acting in a positive way, and not following old-fashioned or false beliefs 有见识的；开明的；摆脱偏见的
• The school has an enlightened policy of teaching boys to cook. 这所学校教男孩子们烹饪，这是一种开明的做法。
• These days she's much more enlightened in her views on education. 近来她对教育的看法开明多了。
■knowing the truth about existence （对人生在世的真谛）彻悟的，觉悟的，看透的
• Buddha was an enlightened being. 佛陀是个看破红尘的人。
adj. 开明的；文明的；进步的；被启发的
 - progressive, civilized

Word: interrogate
Front: interrogate
[ɪnˈterəgeɪt] (托雅宝 10405/11130 -1)
Vocabulary: interrogate
(once / 670 pages)
v
To interrogate is to ask someone a bunch of questions. Usually, it’s the police, FBI, or other law-enforcement officials who interrogate suspects, but your father-in-law may interrogate you about your career plans.
Interrogate comes from the Latin prefix inter-, “between” added to the Latin verb rogare, “to ask.” To interrogate someone is not just asking a few polite questions over a cup of tea. When you interrogate someone there is usually a method to the questioning with a specific mission in mind, like determining a criminal's motive or where she stashed the loot. Your college entrance interview may feel like an interrogation, but their mission is really just to get to know you.
WORD FAMILY
interrogate: interrogated, interrogates, interrogating, interrogation, interrogative, interrogator, interrogatory+/ interrogation: interrogations/ interrogative: interrogatively, interrogatives/interrogator: interrogators/interrogatory: interrogatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those whose names were found on the wanted list would be detained, interrogated and likely face trial.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It would be one thing to round up suspects, interrogate them and put them on trial,” the letter said.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Episode of the year: Carlos Doesn’t Remember, the story of one scholarship student that interrogates the concept of meritocracy in the American education system.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 询问，审问; 提出问题; [计]询问
vi. 审问; 质问
时态：interrogated, interrogating, interrogates
分布：审问(49%)，质问(30%)，讯问(21%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-rog,要求，询问，词源同reach,arrogate.引申词义质问，审问。
审问(inter在...中间+rog+ate→在[审问室]中问→审问)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
【记】inter中间，rog问，ate－在犯人中间问－审问
【参】arrogant（adj 傲慢自大的）一再问别人
verb transitive
■to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats or violence 讯问，审问，盘问
• Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or imprisoned in recent weeks. 数千名持不同政见者在最近几周遭到审问或拘禁。
specialized
■to get information from a computer （在电脑上）查询
vt. 审问；质问； [计] 询问
 - question, query
vi. 审问；质问
 - question, bring to account

Word: zucchini
Front: zucchini
[zuˈki:ni] (10413/-)
Back: n. 夏季产南瓜之一种; (US) N [C/U] 绿皮密生西葫芦 [英=courgette]
→来自意大利语zucca,葫芦，词源可能同cucumber.
US [zu:-] (plural zucchini or zucchinis)
noun countable US for * courgette

Word: ecstatic
Front: ecstatic
[ɪkˈstætɪk] (宝 10382/11607 -1)
Vocabulary: ecstatic
(once / 1695 pages)
adj
The adjective ecstatic turns the noun "ecstasy" into a descriptive word. When Celine hit that high note, the audience was ecstatic.
Originally, ecstatic had religious connotations having to do with the sheer joy of knowing God or someone truly holy. That meaning remains today, but ecstatic now includes almost anything that's really pleasurable or wonderful. I was ecstatic at the news that I'd been nominated for an award. The entire world reacted with an ecstatic sense of glee when the Berlin Wall finally came down. The hangover the next day, though, wasn't so ecstatic.
WORD FAMILY
ecstatic: ecstatically+/ ecstasy: ecstasies, ecstatic
USAGE EXAMPLES
I have been very fortunate to have a match and two years later am ecstatic to wake up every morning and live my life.
Slate(Nov 30, 2016)
Two years ago, a footballer ecstatic that his team had won threw himself exuberantly to the ground in front of Sabiu’s car during a lesson.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
"I'm not ecstatic by today. Lewis just did a great job and was a couple of tenths quicker," said Rosberg.
Reuters(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂喜的; 入迷的，出神的
n. 狂喜的人
分布：狂喜的(100%)
US [-'stætˌ-] adjective
■extremely happy 狂喜的，欣喜若狂的
• The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd. 新总统受到狂热人群的热烈欢迎。
adj. 狂喜的；入迷的
 - rapturous, enrapt

Word: grieving
Front: grieving
[ɡri:vɪŋ] (10406/15413)
Back: v. 感到悲痛，伤心( grieve的现在分词 ); 使…伤心
分布：悲伤(52%)，伤心(30%)，使悲伤(13%)，使伤心(5%)
adjective
■feeling very sad because someone has died （因某人去世而）悲痛的，伤心的，悲伤的
• grieving relatives 悲痛的亲属们
v. 使悲伤；伤心（grieve的ing形式）
 - hurting

Word: waive
Front: waive
[weɪv] (托宝 10383/11896 -1)
Vocabulary: waive
(once / 1539 pages)
v
To waive is to give up one's right to do something. If you waive your right to help name your family's new puppy, you can't complain if he ends up being called "Mr. Tinkerbell Sweetheart Lovey-Face."
Waive comes from a Middle English word meaning to abandon; the word waif, which refers to a neglected or orphaned child, shares the same root. However, while abandoning a child on a street corner is not okay, waiving one's right to do something is in most cases perfectly acceptable. A document stating one's decision to give up one's rights is appropriately called a waiver.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
wave / waive
To wave is to move to and fro, like when you wave your hand. Hello there! To waive, with a sneaky "i," is to give up your right to do something.
Waves come in many forms. You can wave your hand, a hanky, or even a baseball hat to say hello or acknowledge someone, as in this example:
Fans around the green gave him a standing ovation, and Guan waved his baseball cap in acknowledgment.
A wave is also that big moving hill of water you can surf on:
Surfing students exercise on their boards before hitting the waves.
Other things are called waves, too — if a lot of people come in somewhere, for example, call it a wave of people. It's often used as a metaphor for things that act like ocean waves:
Maybe the great wave of social change has simply crested.
To waive, on the other hand, is to surrender, as in give up your rights to something. If you go scuba diving at a resort, you might have to waive your right to sue if something goes wrong. Here are some examples:
It also announced a mandatory arbitration clause, forcing users to waive their rights to participate in a class action lawsuit except under very limited circumstances.
Meanwhile, following budget cuts, the LOC board members have waived their salaries.
Waive is always a transitive verb, so you have to waive something. The other kind of wave doesn't need an object — although you can wave your hat, you don't have to. You can just wave. If you waive your salary, even for a good cause, you can wave goodbye to your money!
WORD FAMILY
waive: waived, waiver, waives, waiving+/ waiver: waivers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Los Angeles, some landlords are offering six months of free parking, and some in Houston are waiving security deposits.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But in February, Mr. Su waived his challenge to extradition and cut a deal with the United States.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Now it’s not just the shelters waiving adoption fees,” Alboum said.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣布放弃; 搁置; 推迟; 放弃（权利、要求等）
时态：waived, waiving, waives
分布：放弃(79%)，搁置(8%)，不坚持(7%)，推迟(6%)
→来自waif,摇摆，舍弃，扔弃。
【记】为了wife可以waive一切。
[weɪv] formal
verb transitive
■to not demand something you have a right to, or not cause a rule to be obeyed 放弃（权利）；不遵守（规则）
• The bank manager waived the charge (= said we didn't have to pay) , as we were old and valued customers. 那位银行经理没有收取我们的费用，因为我们是尊贵的老顾客。
• If the government waives (= removes) the time limit, many more applications will come in. 假如政府取消时间限制，那么就会收到多得多的申请。
• He persuaded the delegates to waive (= give up) their objections. 他说服代表们不再反对。
vt. 放弃；搁置
 - desert, yield, table, quit

Word: find
Front: find
[faɪnd] (中高 95/92 -K5)
Vocabulary: find
(once / 5 pages)
1vn 2v 3vn 4v 5v 6v
To find something means to discover it. When you're strolling through a green field, you might try to find a four-leaf clover.
You can find something deliberately, or by stumbling upon it, like when you find a five-dollar bill on the sidewalk. In this meaning, find means obtain, but it can also mean observe, such as when you find that reading in dim light gives you a headache. As a noun, find is the thing you discover, like your elephant costume, the best find in day of garage sale shopping.
WORD FAMILY
find: finder, finding, finds, found +/finder: finders/ finding: findings/ found: foundation, founded, foundedly, founder, founding, founds/ foundation: foundations/founded: unfounded / founder: foundered, foundering, founders/foundering: founderings/ founding: foundings/ unfounded: unfoundedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edinburgh's Festivals are to benefit from £300,000 in extra funding to celebrate the 70th anniversary of their founding.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But he also found it difficult to get a scout-team guy to do exactly what he wanted.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
What is a good way to find a therapist?
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 发现; 找到; 查明; 发觉
n. 发现物; 被发现的人
时态：found, finding, finds
分布：找到(46%)，发现(41%)，觉得(6%)，认为(3%)，感到(2%)，裁决(1%)，判定(1%)
→来自pent, 走，来自pod的鼻音形式，脚，词源同foot.
v.(found,found)找到;发现;发觉;感到I found him at home.我发现他在家.
verb (found, found)
DISCOVER 发现
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to discover, especially where a thing or person is, either unexpectedly or by searching, or to discover where to get or how to achieve something （偶然）发现，碰上；找到，寻得；找出，查明
• I've just found a ten-pound note in my pocket. 我刚在口袋里找到了一张十英镑的钞票。
• I couldn't find Andrew's telephone number. 我找不到安德鲁的电话号码。
• You'll find the knives and forks in the left-hand drawer. 你会发现刀叉在左手边的抽屉里。
• Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease. 研究人员希望能找到治愈这种疾病的方法。
• [+ two objects] Has he found himself a place to live yet? 他找到地方住了吗？
• [+ obj + adj] She was found unconscious and bleeding. 人们发现她时她流血昏迷。
• [+ that] The study found that men who were married lived longer than those who were not. 这项研究发现已婚男人的寿命比未婚男人长。
• Do you think they'll ever find a way of bringing peace to the region? 你认为他们能找到办法为这个地区带来和平吗？
• We're really struggling to find (= get) enough money to pay the rent at the moment. 我们目前正想尽办法凑钱缴房租。
• After years of abuse from her husband, she eventually found the courage to leave him. 遭受丈夫多年的虐待之后，她终于鼓起勇气离开了他。
• I wish I could find (the) time to do more reading. 我希望自己能挤出时间多看一点书。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to realise that something exists or has happened 发现（存在或已发生）
• [+ (that)] We came home to find (that) the cat had had kittens. 我们回到家时发现我们的猫已经生下小猫了。
• I found (that) I could easily swim a mile. 我发现自己轻轻松松就能游一英里。
be found
 ESSENTIAL
■to exist or be present somewhere 存在于；见于
• Many plant and animal species are found only in the rainforests. 许多动植物物种只见于热带雨林。
• Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit. 柑橘类水果富含维生素C。
find your way
■to get somewhere you are trying to reach 设法到达（某处）
• I had a map but I still couldn't find my way back to the hotel. 我有一张地图，可还是找不到回饭店的路。
find fault with
■to criticize someone or something 挑剔；批评
• She's always finding fault with the way he works. 她总是批评他的工作方式。
find yourself
■to realise that you are in a particular situation or place, or doing a particular thing, when you did not intend to （不知不觉地）发现自己处于…中（或在…处，做…事）
• He'll find himself with no friends at all if he carries on behaving this way. 如果他继续这样行事，他会发现自己一个朋友都没有了。
• We fell asleep on the train and woke up to find ourselves in Calais. 我们在火车上睡着了，醒来时发现已经到了加莱。
■often humorous
■If you go somewhere or do something to find yourself, you go there or do it to discover your true character 发现真正的自我
• Simon spent a year in an ashram in India to find himself. 为了寻找真我，赛门在印度的一处静修所呆了整整一年。
  Common Learner Errors  find out or find? Warning: choose the correct verb! To talk about discovering where a thing or person is or how to obtain or achieve something, don't say 'find out', say find : We need to find a solution to this problem.
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
EXPERIENCE A FEELING 发觉
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to think or feel a particular way about someone or something 认为；发觉；感到
• [+ obj + noun/adj] Do you find Clive difficult to talk to? 你是否发觉和克莱夫讲话有些困难？
• I don't find him an easy person to get on with. 我觉得他这个人不好相处。
• She doesn't find it easy to talk about her problems. 她感到很难开口谈论自己的问题。
• [+ -ing verb] I find living in the city quite stressful. 我觉得城市生活压力很大。
  Common Learner Errors  findRemember: when find is followed by an adjective, it also needs an object noun or pronoun. To talk about feeling a particular way about something, don't say 'find easy/difficult etc.', say find it easy/difficult etc :
✗ I find difficult to understand his accent. I find it difficult to understand his accent.
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
JUDGE 判决
intransitive or transitive legal
■to make a judgment in a law court 作出（裁决）
• [+ obj + adj] In a unanimous verdict, the jury found him guilty/not guilty of the murder. 陪审团一致裁定对他的谋杀指控罪名成立／不成立。
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
find your feet
■to become familiar with and confident in a new situation 习惯于新环境；（在新的形势下）立足，站稳脚跟
• Did it take you long to find your feet when you started your new job? 你刚开始新的工作时适应过程长吗？
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
find it in your heart to do sth
■to be willing and able to do something unpleasant or difficult 愿意做，能够做（令人不快或困难的事）
• Could you find it in your heart to forgive her? 你肯原谅她吗？
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
find your tongue (US also find your voice)
■to become willing to talk 愿意开口
• Witnesses often find their tongues when they hear a reward has been offered. 听到有悬赏时目击证人往往就愿意开口了。
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] find (sth) out IMPROVER
■to get information about something because you want to know more about it, or to learn a fact or piece of information for the first time 找出，查明；得知
• How did you find out about the party? 你是怎么知道有这个派对的？
• The holiday was a complete surprise - I only found out about it the day before we left. 这次度假完全是个惊喜——我是在临行前一天才得知的。
• [+ question word] I'll just go and find out wh at's going on outside. 我现在就出去看看外面究竟在发生甚么事。
• [+ that] Too late, she found out that the train had been cancelled. 她发现这班火车已经取消了，不过已经太迟了。
[faɪnd] verb (found, found)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M usually passive] find sb out
■to discover that someone has done something wrong 发现（某人）的错事（或罪行）
• He lived in dread of being found out. 他终日惶恐不安，生怕东窗事发。
[faɪnd] noun countable
■a good or valuable thing or a special person that has been discovered but was not known about before 发现物，被发现的人（尤指有价值或有用者）
• This café's quite a find - I had no idea there was anywhere like it around here. 这家咖啡馆真不错——我完全不知道这附近还有个这样的地方。
• A recent find of ancient artefacts is on display at the local museum. 近期发现的一些古代手工艺品正在当地的博物馆展出。
detect, discover, ascertain, find
这组词都有“发现”的意思，其区别是：
detect: 正式用词，强调经过周密观察或研究而有所获得和发现，尤指发现有意隐藏之物。
discover: 普通用词，指发现本来存在，但示被认识的事物、真理或情况。
ascertain: 较正式用词，指有意搜寻与发现。
find: 普通用词，可指偶然发现，也可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西。强调动作的结果。
vt. 发现；认为；感到；获得
 - detect, earn, acquire, expect, count
n. 发现
 - discovery, occurrence, detection, anagnorisis

Word: stitch
Front: stitch
[stɪtʃ] (研四六托雅宝 9743/4244 -2)
Vocabulary: stitch
(once / 535 pages)
nv
When a needle pulls thread through fabric and into a loop, that's a stitch. Every quilt, no matter how elaborate, starts with a single stitch.
You can stitch a design on a pillow, or stitch up a hole in your jeans using stitches. Doctors sometimes stitch up patients' skin, too — if you cut yourself badly enough, you might need stitches. Another kind of stitch is a painful cramp in your stomach or side: "I stopped running when I got a stitch." If someone says, "I haven't got a stitch to wear," they're short on clothing. And being "in stitches" means laughing uncontrollably.
WORD FAMILY
stitch: stitched, stitcher, stitchery, stitches, stitching+/stitcher: stitchers/stitching: stitchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hill received stitches for a lower lip laceration and underwent concussion testing.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He earned 4 cents for every label, 2 cents for stitching across the shoulders, 10 cents for a pocket.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Playing armchair product planner, I’d throw a modest amount of money at the dashboard and door panels for some stitching and lighting.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （缝纫或编织中的）一针; 缝法; 衣服; （缝合伤口的）缝线
vt. 缝; 缝补; 缝合裂口; 缝缀
vi. 缝针，缝纫
时态：stitched, stitching, stitches
分布：一针(50%)，缝合(41%)，疼痛(6%)，碎布条(3%)
→来自古英语 stice,刺，插，戳，来自 Proto-Germanic*stikiz,刺，插，来自 steig,刺，插， 词源同 sting,stick.引申词义缝，针脚等。拼写比较 bake,batch.
n.一针;(因跑步引起的)肋部剧痛v.缝(合)The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
【记】源于：sting（n /v 刺；针刺）
noun
THREAD 线
 ADVANCED countable
■a piece of thread sewn in cloth, or the single movement of a needle and thread into and out of the cloth which produces this （缝纫的）针脚；一针
• Secure the two pieces together with a couple of stitches. 缝上几针，把两块布缝在一起。
 ADVANCED countable
■one of the small circles of wool that you make when you are knitting （编织的）一针
• He cast on/off a stitch (= added/removed a length of thread from the needle). 他加了／拆了一针。
• I've dropped a stitch (= lost a length of thread from the needle). 我漏了一针。
countable
■a particular type of stitch made in sewing or knitting , or the pattern which this produces 缝法；针法；编织法；缝制（或编织）的纹样
• a pearl/satin stitch 反针／锻纹刺绣针迹
• The bedspread was embroidered with cross-stitch. 床单上用十字绣绣了花。
countable
■a length of special thread used to join the edges of a deep cut in the flesh （缝合伤口的）缝线；一针
• Her head wounds needed 50 stitches. 她头上的伤口需要缝50针。
• He got hit with a broken bottle and needed five stitches in his cheek. 他被碎瓶子砸中，脸颊上需要缝五针。
not a stitch informal
■without any clothes 一丝不挂，赤裸
• I haven't got a stitch to wear (= I have not got anything to wear) for this party tonight. 今晚的聚会我没有合适的衣服穿。
• She ran down the corridor to the bathroom without a stitch on (= naked). 她一丝不挂地跑过走廊，冲进浴室里。
[stɪtʃ] noun
PAIN 痛苦
countable usually singular
■a sharp pain in the side of your stomach or chest, often caused by not breathing enough when running or laughing （常因跑步或大笑时呼吸不足引起的）肋部刺痛；岔气
• I got a stitch after running for the bus. 我追公车追得岔了气。
[stɪtʃ] noun
in stitches informal
■If a joke or funny story has you in stitches, it makes you laugh uncontrollably. （笑话或有趣的故事）令人笑岔气，让人捧腹
[stɪtʃ] noun
A stitch in time (saves nine). saying
■said to mean that it is better to act or deal with problems immediately, because if action is delayed until later, things will get worse and the problems will take longer to deal with 及时缝一针能省九针；及时行事； 事半功倍
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to sew two things together, or to repair something by sewing 缝；缝合；缝补
• This button needs to be stitched back onto my shirt. 这粒纽扣必须缝回到我的衬衫上。
• Stitch the pieces together along the fold. 沿着折缝将各部分缝在一起。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sth together informal disapproving
■to create or form something quickly or roughly 匆忙完成；草草应付
• Britain is likely to stitch together some sort of political deal to avoid a confrontation. 英国很可能会为避免冲突而匆忙达成某种政治交易。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sth/sb up
■to join the two sides of something with stitches, for example torn clothing or a deep cut, or to treat someone who has a deep cut by doing this 缝补（衣物）；缝合（伤口）；为（某人）缝合伤口
• I've ripped my trousers - can you stitch them up for me? 我把裤子划破了——你能帮我补起来吗？
• After giving birth, she was stitched up by a junior doctor. 生产之后，她的伤口是由一名资浅医生缝合的。
[stɪtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stitch sb up UK slang
■to intentionally make someone look guilty of doing something which they did not do 栽赃给，陷害，诬陷（某人）
• He claims he was stitched up by the police. 他声称他是被警方陷害的。
stitch-up /ˈstɪtʃ.ʌp] noun countable usually singular UK slang 2. a police stitch-up 警方的栽赃
n. 针脚， [服装] 线迹；一针
 - steek
vt. 缝，缝合
 - seam, oversew
vi. 缝，缝合
 - sew up

Word: chatter
Front: chatter
[ˈtʃætə(r)] (六 10403/10712 -1)
Vocabulary: chatter
(once / 418 pages)
1vn 2v
To chatter is to talk lightly or casually — to shoot the breeze or chitchat. You might chatter with your workmates about the weather or where you'll eat lunch.
You probably chatter with your friends all the time without even thinking about it, gossiping or talking about unimportant things. You can call the talk itself chatter too: "The chatter in the cafeteria was so loud I couldn't hear myself think." In the 13th century, it was chateren, from an imitative Middle English root.
WORD FAMILY
chatter: chattered, chatterer, chattering, chatters+/chatterer: chatterers/chattering: chatterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The selection contains more of Chan’s paintings, which tend to be small; some hang over Baines pieces to spark visual chatter.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
You’ve seen and heard the reports and the chatter about the long list of well-known people who died in 2016.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Amid all the chatter, it was easy to miss that 2016 was also a turning point for fashions themselves.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 唠叨，喋喋不休; （鸟等）鸣，啁啾; （牙齿，机器等）振动，打颤; 运动时摇摆或嘎嘎作响
vt. 不加思索地说出
n. 闲聊; 咔哒声; （动物的）啁啾声; 潺潺流水声
时态：chattered, chattering, chatters
分布：啁啾(48%)，饶舌(36%)，喋喋不休地谈(11%)，咔嗒作响(5%)
→来自chat. -er，表反复。
喋喋不休(chat聊天+ter)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
TALK/NOISE 谈话／嘈音
■to talk for a long time about things that are not important 唠叨；喋喋不休
• She spent the morning chattering away to her friends. 她和朋友闲聊了一个上午。
• He chattered on about nothing in particular. 他喋喋不休，却没讲甚么特别的东西。
■If animals chatter, they make quick repeated noises （指动物）叽叽喳喳，吱吱叫，咯咯叫
• The gun shot made the monkeys chatter in alarm. 枪声使那群猴子惊慌地吱吱乱叫。
UK ['tʃæt.ər] US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
TEETH 牙齿
■If your teeth chatter, they knock together repeatedly because you are very cold or frightened （牙齿因受冷或受惊而）咯咯作响，打颤
• I could hardly talk, my teeth were chattering so much. 我几乎说不了话，牙齿不停地打颤。
UK ['tʃæt.ər] US ['tʃætˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
■conversation about things that are not important 喋喋不休的谈话；唠叨
• I can't concentrate with Ann's constant chatter. 安一直唠唠叨叨，我没法集中精神。
■the quick repeated noises that some animals make （动物的）鸣叫声，啁啾声，吱吱的叫声
• He could hear the chatter of birds in the trees overhead. 他听见鸟在头顶的树上叽叽喳喳的鸣叫。
vi. 唠叨；喋喋不休；（动物等）吱吱叫
 - rabbit on, harp on
vt. 喋喋不休地说；使卡嗒卡嗒作声
 - rattle on, rattle away
n. 唠叨；饶舌；（动物的）啁啾声；潺潺流水声
 - newsiness, garrulity

Word: disintegrate
Front: disintegrate
[dɪsˈɪntɪgreɪt] (托宝 10387/11088 -2)
Vocabulary: disintegrate
(once / 1467 pages)
v
Soak your tooth in a cup of soda for long enough and it will disintegrate, or break apart from decay.
The word disintegrate comes from a combination of the prefix dis- meaning "do the opposite of" and the Latin integrare meaning "to make whole." When something disintegrates, it does the opposite of become whole; it falls apart. Objects can either disintegrate over time — like a tooth soaking in a cup of soda, or instantaneously — like a building disintegrating into dust from an explosion.
WORD FAMILY
disintegrate: disintegrable, disintegrated, disintegrates, disintegrating, disintegration, disintegrative+/ disintegration: disintegrations/disintegrative: disintegratively/ integral: integrality, integrally, integrals, integrate / integrate: disintegrate, integrated, integrates, integrating, integration, integrative, integrator, reintegrate/ integrated: nonintegrated, unintegrated/ integration: integrations/integrator: integrators/reintegrate: reintegrated, reintegrates, reintegrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the most apocalyptic scenario for Europe, the eurozone begins to disintegrate, followed soon afterwards by the EU itself.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“And the ‘west’ as a transatlantic cultural formation is disintegrating before our eyes.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Already the revolution was disintegrating into faction fighting.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使某物碎裂，崩裂; 使某物衰微，瓦解，分崩离析
vi. 碎裂，崩裂; 衰微，瓦解，分崩离析
时态：disintegrated, disintegrating, disintegrates
分布：瓦解(46%)，崩溃(31%)，使碎裂(19%)，使粉碎(4%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。integrate, 连接，一体。
使瓦解,分裂(dis分开+integr+ate→完整的分开→瓦解)[inter=whole,表示"完整"]
【记】integr＝intact完整的
【参】integrity（n 正直；诚实；完整）；integral（adj 完整的）
US [-tˌə-] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to become weaker or be destroyed by breaking into small pieces 分解，分化，分裂
• The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's atmosphere. 太空船进入大气层时解体了。
• The Ottoman Empire disintegrated into lots of small states. 奥斯曼帝国分裂为许多个小国家。
■to become much worse 恶化；崩溃
• The situation disintegrated into chaos. 局势恶化后陷入混乱状态。
vt. 使分解；使碎裂；使崩溃；使衰变
 - collapse, dissolve
vi. 瓦解；碎裂；衰变
 - collapse, chip

Word: Headnote

Word: conceivable
Front: conceivable
[kənˈsi:vəbl] (10412/9614 -1)
Vocabulary: conceivable
(once / 509 pages)
adj
If you see yellowish skies on a humid, spring evening in Kansas, it is entirely conceivable that a tornado is in the making. That is to say, it's imaginable or even possible, so make sure you take every conceivable precaution.
If you conceive of something, you imagine or think of it. So, it makes sense that the adjective conceivable describes things that can be imagined or thought of. People often use the word conceivable in extreme contexts. If you look everywhere for your homework but still can't find it, you might declare, "I searched in every conceivable location! My homework must have disappeared." In response, your teacher might remark that disappearing homework is inconceivable, or "impossible to imagine."
WORD FAMILY
conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable +/ conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only conceivable solution would be a universal basic income with no means test and not work requirements---along with a shorter work week.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The incident is rehashed from all conceivable angles; so is a fraught dinner with friends, which gets seven full pages parsing their marital collapse.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
“No future is conceivable in Plot E,” he says, “only endless, gray repetition, unhappy flashbacks collapsing into more unhappy flashbacks.”
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 可想到的，可相信的，可想像的，可能的
分布：可能的(71%)，想得到的(19%)，可想像的(10%)
可想象的[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
想象得出的(conceive设想,想象)[-able表形容词"可…的,能..."]
adjective
■possible to imagine or to believe 可想像的；可想到的；可以相信的
• Books on every conceivable subject lined one wall. 靠墙一排排地摆放着所有能想得到的各门学科的书。
• It's just conceivable (= possible although difficult to imagine) (that) the hospital made a mistake. 有可能是医院出了错。
adj. 可能的；想得到的，可想像的
 - feasible, possible, potential, desired

Word: obliterate
Front: obliterate
[əˈblɪtəreɪt] (托宝 10389/11165 -1)
Vocabulary: obliterate
(once / 1027 pages)
vadj
When you see obliterate, think of evil alien invaders that zap a planet with a destructive ray. In one blast, the planet and all of the people on it are vaporized. The planet is truly obliterated, or completely wiped out.
A long time ago, obliterate had to do with blotting out words on a page. This is why you see the word literate in there. Today it means to erase or destroy completely so that there is nothing left. While you can still obliterate text, you can also obliterate hope, an opponent, or all traces of your presence. Whatever you obliterate is completely gone.
WORD FAMILY
obliterate: obliterable, obliterated, obliterates, obliterating, obliteratingly, obliteration, obliterator+/ obliteration: obliterations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using magnets, they are able to snag just a few of the newly created anti-atoms into a vacuum before they get obliterated by matter.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Quantum theory suggests a black hole might contain a hidden “firewall” that would obliterate anything that falls in.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
By the time we arrived, at 5 p.m., a blizzard obliterated visibility.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 涂去，擦掉; 使消失; 使被忘却; 忘掉
时态：obliterated, obliterating, obliterates
分布：涂去(73%)，擦去(18%)，删除(9%)
→来自拉丁语oblittero,涂抹，抹掉，来自oblino,涂抹，抹掉，-t,过去分词缀。来自ob-,相对，对着的，-lino,涂抹，词源同liniment,delete.拼写受letter,literal影响。
抹掉,擦掉(ob去掉+liter+ate→去掉文字→擦掉)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
【记】ob去掉，liter字，ate一擦掉（文字）
【反】inexpurgate（v 无法除去）
US [-'blɪtˌ.ə.reɪt] verb
transitive often passive
■to remove all signs of something, either by destroying it or by covering it so that it cannot be seen 彻底毁掉，抹去，覆盖（使不留痕迹）
• The missile strike was devastating - the target was totally obliterated. 这次导弹袭击是毁灭性的——目标荡然无存。
• All of a sudden the view was obliterated by the fog. 突然之间雾气淹没了这片风景。
transitive
■to make an idea or feeling disappear completely 忘却，抹掉（想法或感情）
• Perhaps she gets drunk to obliterate painful memories. 也许她喝醉酒是为了忘却痛苦的往事。
vt. 消灭；涂去；冲刷；忘掉
 - destroy, kill off

Word: hanging
Front: hanging
[ˈhæŋɪŋ] (9375/9498)
Back: n. 绞死; 绞刑; （墙上装饰用的）帘子; 帷幔
adj. 应处以死刑的; 量刑偏重的
v. 悬( hang的现在分词 ); （被）绞死; 贴; 逗留
分布：绞刑(78%)，悬挂着的(16%)，动词hang的现在分词形式.(6%)
→来自hang,绞刑，绞杀。
noun
KILL 杀死
countable or uncountable
■the practice of killing someone, especially as a punishment for a serious crime, by dropping them with a rope tied around their neck 绞刑
['hæŋ.ɪŋ] noun
PICTURE 画
countable usually plural
■a large piece of cloth, often with a picture on it, that is hung on a wall for decoration （墙上装饰用的）帘子，帷幕
• The castle's great hall was decorated with sumptuous wall hangings. 城堡的大厅装饰着华丽的帷幕。
n. 悬挂；绞刑；帘子，幔帐
 - gallows
adj. 悬挂着的
 - dangled
v. 悬挂（hang的ing形式）
 - placarding

Word: thaw
Front: thaw
[θɔ:] (托雅宝 10385/14310 -1)
Vocabulary: thaw
(once / 1267 pages)
vn
When things thaw, they're coming out of deep freeze and warming up. You can thaw a chicken, and a chilly friendship can thaw too.
Anything that thaws is warming up after a frigid or chilly period. The weather thaws when spring hits, especially after a bad winter. When you take food out of the freezer, it thaws. When you have an unpleasant relationship with someone, that can thaw too. A warm, friendly gesture from one person to another can be a sign that their cold relationship is thawing. When you think of thawing, think "Warming up."
WORD FAMILY
thaw: dethaw, thawed, thawing, thaws, unthaw+/thawing: thawings/unthaw: unthawed, unthawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But tough Russian economic sanctions - and Turkey's increasing frustration with its Nato allies - led to a gradual thawing over 2016.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back in the Baltimore operating room, University of Miami researchers helped Kaushal’s nurses thaw the frozen stem cells and prepare injections.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Thaw the puff pastry for about 20 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 解冻，融雪; 变缓和; 变得不冷淡
vt. 使融化
n. 融雪; 温暖气候; 放松
时态：thawed, thawing, thaws
分布：融雪(59%)，暖和(25%)，使融解(16%)
→来自古英语 thawian,来自 Proto-Germanic*thawon,来自 ta,融化，词源同拉丁语 tabes,融化， 腐化。
【记】读：嫂，大嫂解冻了一条鱼作给我们吃。
US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME NOT FROZEN 解冻
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature （使）融化；（使）解冻
• Allow the meat to thaw properly before cooking it. 烹制这些肉之前要先解冻。
• The sun came out and thawed the ice. 太阳出来了，冰雪开始融化。
• It 's beginning to thaw (= The weather is warm enough for snow and ice to melt). 冰雪开始融化了。
Compare freeze
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
BECOME FRIENDLY 变友好
intransitive
■to become friendlier or more relaxed 变得友好；变得放松
• The report shows that relations between the two enemies may be thawing. 报告显示敌对双方的关系可能正缓和。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thaw out
■If you thaw out, you gradually get warm again after being very cold. 变得暖和起来
• I'm only just beginning to thaw out after taking the dogs out this morning. 我今天早晨出去遛狗后，身子现在才刚刚开始暖和些。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
FRIENDLY 友好
■an increase in friendliness （关系的）缓和，改善
• There are signs of a thaw in relations between the two countries. 两国关系有缓和的迹象。
UK [θɔ:] US [θɑ:] noun only singular
WEATHER 天气
the thaw
■a period of warmer weather when snow and ice begin to melt 融雪期；化冰期；解冻期
• The thaw has set in early this year. 今年的融雪期来得早。
vi. 融解；变暖和
 - uncongeal, get warm
n. 解冻；融雪
 - ice-out, depergelation

Word: visitation
Front: visitation
[ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃn] (10409/18660)
Vocabulary: visitation
(once / 1537 pages)
n
Use the noun visitation to describe a formal or official visit, like the city health inspector's yearly visitation to your favorite pizza place.
A visitation often includes some kind of evaluation or inspection, or has some other formal aspect. Meeting with a prisoner might be described as a visitation, and the official scheduled time that divorced parents have with their children are also a kind of visitation. Another meaning of the word is "calamity," or "disaster," especially one of Biblical, plague-like proportions: "The town faced a visitation of unbearably hot temperatures for three weeks."
WORD FAMILY
visitation: visitations+/ revisit: revisited, revisiting, revisits/visit: revisit, visitant, visitation, visited, visiting, visitor, visits/visitant: visitants/visiting: visitings/visitor: visitors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Visitation is expected to top 4 million for 2016, a record.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There’s no timetable for when visitations will resume.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In another tournament game, Georgetown Visitation beat Wise, 54-45, advancing to play St. Frances in a semifinal Thursday at 2:30 p.m.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 访问; 探望; 天罚; 天降的祸福
分布：探视(39%)，访问(30%)，视察(16%)，天罚(12%)，苦难(3%)
→来自visit,神灵显现，巡查，引申词义上帝惩罚人类的天灾，灾祸。后也指离婚后父母的探视权。
noun
countable
■an official visit from someone important （要人进行的）官方访问
• humorous We're awaiting a visitation from the inspector. 我们正等待着督察前来巡视。
• On May 13, 1917 three young shepherd children reported a visitation from the Virgin Mary. 1917年5月13日，三个牧童说圣母玛利亚向他们显灵了。
uncountable US
■when a divorced (= previously but no longer married) parent may spend time with the child(ren) he or she no longer lives with, at agreed times and under agreed conditions （离婚的父母对子女的）探望
• The mother agreed to visitation rights for the boys' father. 那些男孩的母亲允许他们的父亲拥有探视权。
countable formal
■an event which is considered to be a message or a punishment from God 上帝显灵；天谴
n. 访问；探视；视察；正式访问
 - inspection, call, addressing

Word: hypertension
Front: hypertension
[ˌhaɪpəˈtenʃn] (宝 10410/10946 -1)
Vocabulary: hypertension
(once / 11409 pages)
n
If you've got hypertension, you've got high blood pressure, and you're likely to be on medication to bring it down to a safe level.
Hyper- is a prefix that means "over" or "beyond" — if you're hyper you're wildly energetic. Tension means "stretching" or "straining." Hypertension, therefore, means "straining beyond." With hypertension, your blood pressure is abnormally high, causing a strain on your blood vessels. This condition can result in serious health problems, such as heart attack and stroke.
WORD FAMILY
hypertension
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is estimated that hypertension is a primary or contributing cause of death of more than 400,000 Americans annually.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
The deaths are reported as a hypertension problem, he said, like heart attack or cardiac arrest.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Charles Mumbere, the king of Rwenzururu, is entitled to these privileges because he suffers from hypertension and diabetes, it added.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 高血压; 过度紧张
分布：高血压(97%)，过度紧张(3%)
→hyper-,超过的，高的，tension,压力。
过度紧张;高血压(hyper+tension紧张)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
US [-pɚ-] noun uncountable specialized
■a medical condition in which your blood pressure is extremely high 高血压
n. [内科] 高血压；过度紧张
 - high blood pressure, overtension

Word: zipper
Front: zipper
['zɪpə] (高 10432/27054)
Vocabulary: zipper
(once / 13696 pages)
nv
A zipper is a sliding fastener. You'll get cold and wet if you don't zip the zipper on your coat during a blizzard.
Zippers are usually made of metal or plastic teeth that fit together as you slide a tab along them. It's common to have a zipper on your coat, jeans, or dress instead of snaps or buttons. Suitcases and sleeping bags are usually closed with zippers too. The zipper was invented in 1917, but it was initially called a "zip." At the time, a zipper was a particular type of boot that zipped closed.
WORD FAMILY
zipper: zippered, zippering, zippers+/unzip: unzipped, unzipping, unzips/ zip: unzip, zipped, zipper, zipping, zippy, zips/zippy: zippier, zippiest, zippily
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's just the momentum since the election," said Jeff Zipper, managing director for investments at Private Client Reserve at U.S.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Are the zippers or any other fasteners functional?
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
But even when she spotifies more wearable pieces, like a motorcycle jacket or a zippered pouch, they skew more cerebral and sweetly subversive.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: [人名] 齐珀
US [-ɚ] noun countable US for zip (FASTENER)
n. [轻] 拉链
 - slide fastener, zip-fastener
vi. 拉上拉链
 - zip up

Word: detach
Front: detach
[dɪˈtætʃ] (研六托雅宝 10420/7536 -1)
Vocabulary: detach
(once / 256 pages)
v
If you separate one thing from another, you are detaching it. As a newborn baby, you became familiar with this concept as soon as your umbilical cord was cut!
You can use the word detach to talk about physically pulling two things apart. For example, when your shirt comes back from the dry cleaner missing a few buttons, it’s safe to assume they got detached during the cleaning process. This word is easy to remember when you consider its antonym attach. Once you have attached that election pin to your lapel, you better detach it when your candidate loses!
WORD FAMILY
detach: detachable, detached, detaches, detaching, detachment +/detachable: detachably/ detached: detachedly, semidetached/ detachment: detachments
USAGE EXAMPLES
INCIDENTS: One report of the front wheels detaching from the scooter, resulting in an injury to a child who fell off the scooter.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But the transmitter eventually detached, likely because of old boat strike scars, so biologists didn’t attach another one.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A little flat, without emotion, but so detached that it becomes melancholy and instantly nostalgic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 分离，拆开; 派遣; 分派; 使超然
时态：detached, detaching, detaches
分布：派遣(56%)，拆卸(33%)，使分离(11%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-tach, 连接，词源同attach.
分开,拆开(de分开+tach→把钉子上的分开→拆开)[tach=nail表示"钉子"]
vt.分开,分离,分遣,派遣(军队)The bachelor is detached to attach tags to the yacht.学士被派遣去给游艇贴标签.
verb transitive
■to separate or remove something from something else that it is connected to 使分离，使分开；拆掉
• You can detach the hood if you prefer the coat without it. 如果不想要大衣上的帽兜，可以拆掉。
• Detach the lower part of the form from this letter and return it to the above address. 请将表格的下半部分从信中剪下来，并寄到上述位址。
Compare attach
separate, detach, allocate, divide
这组词都有“分开”的意思，其区别是：
separate: v.人为地分开，使隔离开。
 • We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.   我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。
detach: v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。
 • We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.   我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。
allocate: v.分配，把……拨给。
 • The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.   市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。
divide: v.指将整体分为若干个部分。
 • The huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.   这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
vt. 分离；派遣；使超然
 - mission, keep apart

Word: extravagant
Front: extravagant
[ɪkˈstrævəgənt] (研六托雅 10399/8512 -1)
Vocabulary: extravagant
(once / 307 pages)
adj
Extravagant is an adjective that means expensive, excessive, and over the top. A modest chandelier in your dining room is normal. But crystal-studded walls and gold-plated goblets? That's a bit extravagant.
If you’re prone to lavish behavior or spending, you’re extravagant. It’s an adjective associated with extremes, sometimes even to the point of absurdity. Fees at a bank can be extravagant, and so can a person who insists on drinking only bottled French mineral water out of a golden chalice. Remember that the only ‘e’ is at the beginning — the remaining three vowels are all ‘a.’
WORD FAMILY
extravagant: extravagance, extravagancy, extravagantest, extravagantly+/ extravagance: extravagances/extravagancy: extravagancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now let’s look at some synonyms for extravagant:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Johnson’s assertion, for instance, that the extravagant draper’s shops of early 18th-century London “helped create the industrial revolution” is intriguing but not wholly convincing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
David Johansen, headlines a roster of downtown personalities at the second annual Surrealist Art Ball, an event that welcomes extravagant costuming.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，过分的; 奢侈的，浪费的; 放肆的; 大量的
分布：奢侈的(58%)，浪费的(22%)，过度的(17%)，大量的(3%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。-vag, 漫游，词源同vague, vagary. 即偏离正常范围，过度挥霍。
奢侈的(extra+vag走＋ant→走得过分→奢侈的)[extra-表示"以外的,超过的"]
奢侈的,浪费的[uag,uogr=wader,表示"漫游"]
奢侈的(extra出+vag走...走过头...奢侈)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
a.奢侈的;过分的;(言行等)放肆的The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
adjective
■spending too much money, or using too much of something 奢侈的，铺张的；浪费的
• the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star 影星奢华的生活方式
• That was very extravagant of you to buy strawberries out of season. 在不适当的时令买草莓，你真是太奢侈了。
• He rarely used taxis, which he regarded as extravagant. 他很少坐计程车，他认为这是一种奢侈的行为。
• the extravagant use of packaging on many products 许多产品的过度包装
■extreme and unreasonable 过度的；不切实际的
• The product does not live up to the extravagant claims of the advertisers. 这种产品根本就没有广告商讲的那样好。
adj. 奢侈的；浪费的；过度的；放纵的
 - luxury, unreasonable

Word: rover
Front: rover
['rəʊvə(r)] (10395/4875)
Back: n. 流浪者，漫游者
分布：漫游者(42%)，月球车(32%)，流浪者(21%)，远距离箭靶(5%)
→来自 rove,漫游，-er,人。rover 海盗，劫匪
n. 漫游者；流浪者；漂泊者
 - roamer, wanderer

Word: brew
Front: brew
[bru:] (托雅 10422/9680 -2)
Back: vt. 酿造; 泡，煮; 策划，酿成
vi. 以酿造麦酒或啤酒为职业; 被冲泡; 即将发生
n. 酿造的饮料; 啤酒
时态：brewed, brewing, brews
分布：酿造(61%)，酝酿(23%)，混合物(8%)，策划(5%)，酿造物(3%)
→来自PIE *bhreue, 加热，蒸，词源同burn.
verb
DRINK 饮料
transitive
■to make beer 酿（啤酒）
intransitive or transitive
■If you brew tea or coffee, you add boiling water to it to make a hot drink, and if it brews, it gradually develops flavour in the container in which it was made 泡（茶）；煮（咖啡）；（茶）冲泡；（咖啡）煮
• [+ two objects] He brewed us some coffee./He brewed some coffee for us. 他替我们煮了些咖啡。
[bru:] verb
BAD SITUATION 坏事
intransitive
■If an unpleasant situation or a storm is brewing, you feel that it is about to happen （坏事或暴风雨）即将来临，酝酿
• It was too quiet - I felt that trouble was brewing. 太安静了——我觉得要出事了。
• A storm was brewing in the distance. 远处一场暴风雨即将来临。
[bru:] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■a type of beer, especially one made in a particular place or at a particular time （尤指某地或某个时间酿造的）啤酒
countable usually singular UK informal
■a drink of tea or a drink of beer 一杯茶；一份啤酒
• Make us a brew, Bren. 布伦，替我们泡杯茶吧。
[bru:] noun
MIX 混合
countable
■a mixture of several things 混合物
• They gave her a strange brew to drink. 他们让她喝一种奇怪的混合饮料。
• War, with its fear, its deprivation, its excitement and violence makes for a very heady brew (= powerful combination). 战争是恐惧、剥夺、刺激和暴力等因素的混合体，给人以强烈震撼。
vt. 酿造；酝酿
 - vint, vinify
vi. 酿酒；被冲泡；即将发生
 - impend
n. 啤酒；质地
 - beer, texture

Word: biopsy
Front: biopsy
[ˈbaɪɒpsi] (10421/5922)
Vocabulary: biopsy
(once / 20170 pages)
n
A biopsy is a sample of tissue or liquid from the body that helps determine if you have a disease. If your doctor finds a lump in part of your body, she will probably do a biopsy to see if it is cancerous or not.
Bios means life and opsis means see, so a biopsy is a way for a doctor to look into your body, so to speak, by taking a sample of it. There are different kinds of biopsies, depending on where the tissue is that your doctor needs to look at. You might have a surgical biopsy or a less invasive biopsy by needle.
WORD FAMILY
biopsy: biopsies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when the researchers looked at biopsies from patients with autoimmune diseases, they saw it activated in men with lupus, as well.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
If that test reveals areas of concern, Rodriguez then performs a biopsy - taking a tissue sample and sending it to a lab.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Researchers at the University of Queensland conducted biochemical tests on tiny muscle biopsy samples collected by scuba divers off Ecuador.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 活组织检查，活体检视
分布：活组织检查(100%)
→词根bio, 生命。词根ops, 看，见optic, 光学的。
US [-ɑ:p-] noun countable
■the removal and examination of tissue from an ill person, in order to discover more about their illness 活组织检查
• a tissue biopsy 活组织检查

Word: Belgian
Front: Belgian
['beldʒ(ə)n] (10401/6974)
Back: n. 比利时人
adj. 比利时的
分布：比利时人(100%)
adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Belgium 比利时的
['bel.dʒən] noun countable
■a person from Belgium 比利时人

Word: exploratory
Front: exploratory
[ɪkˈsplɒrətri] (10416/11339 -1)
Back: adj. 探索的，考察的，探索的; “explorative”的变体; 试探性
分布：探索的(60%)，勘探的(40%)
US [-'splɑ:.rə.tɔ:r.i] adjective
■in order to discover more about something 探索的；考察的；勘探的
• an exploratory expedition to Antarctica 南极远征勘探队
• She's having some exploratory tests done to find out what's causing the illness. 她正在接受一些检查以查明病因。
• We're having an exploratory meeting next week to talk about (= a meeting in order to examine) the possibility of merging the two companies. 我们下星期将进行试探性会谈，探讨两家公司合并的可能性。
adj. 勘探的；探究的；考察的
 - expeditionary

Word: clientele
Front: clientele
[ˌkli:ənˈtel] (宝 10429/13750 -1)
Vocabulary: clientele
(once / 9610 pages)
n
Your customers are your clientele. If you own a pet food store, your clientele might be two-footed and four-pawed.
The noun clientele is often preceded by an adjective to describe the exact type of customer. Little boutiques in upscale neighborhoods probably cater to an exclusive clientele, while the kids' hair salon might have Barney on video to keep the young clientele motionless in their chairs. Regardless of business type, you are always trying to please the clientele.
WORD FAMILY
clientele: clienteles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Onward, to Twins African Fashion, where Comfort Adesigbin reluctantly pauses from prattling into a cellphone to discuss the mall’s multicultural clientele.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
WeWork’s recently opened Metro Center location suits its new corporate clientele.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A loyal clientele frequents this tiny boutique for jewelry in muted colors and Nordic home accessories like mugs, blankets and plates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 诉讼委托人; 顾客，客户; 被保护者，追随者
分布：客户(100%)
【记】client（n 顾客）
US [-ɑ:n-] noun only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■all the customers of a business when they are considered as a group （总称）顾客，客户，主顾
• The nightclub has a very fashionable clientele. 这家夜总会有一批很时尚的主顾。
n. 客户；诉讼委托人
 - correspondent, client server software

Word: snore
Front: snore
[snɔ:(r)] (六 10440/12856 -1)
Back: vi. 打呼噜，打鼾
n. 呼噜，鼾声
时态：snored, snoring, snores
分布：打鼾(44%)，鼾声(32%)，打呼噜(24%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义打鼾， 打呼噜。
US [snɔ:r] verb intransitive
■to breathe in a very noisy way while you are sleeping 打呼，打鼾
• Sometimes my husband snores so loudly, it keeps me awake at night. 有时候我丈夫打鼾太吵，搞得我整夜无法入睡。
• Do you know any cures for snoring? 你知道有甚么办法能治打呼吗？
UK [snɔ:r] US [snɔ:r] noun countable
■a very noisy breath while you are sleeping 打呼声，鼾声
• I could hear loud snores coming from Jim's bedroom. 我能听到从吉姆的卧室传来如雷的鼾声。
n. 鼾声
 - stertor
vi. 打呼噜；打着鼾声渡过
 - drive one's pigs to market
vt. [医] 打鼾
 - drive one's pigs to market

Word: slate
Front: slate
[sleɪt] (雅宝 8061/6358 -2)
Vocabulary: slate
(once / 644 pages)
nv
Slate is a type of gray metamorphic rock that is made up of quartz and other minerals. The rock can be split into thin layers and the slate used for things like roofing tiles.
In the past when paper was expensive, schoolchildren used slates to do their school work. These were usually made of actual slate rock. Students could practice their writing on the slate with a slate pencil. When they were done, the slate could be erased, which gave rise to the term "clean slate." If you've done things in the past you aren't proud of, you may hope to start over with a clean slate.
WORD FAMILY
slate: slated, slates, slating+/slating: slatings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here’s a look at the full slate of 2017 opponents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Rams are slated to play two more seasons at the Coliseum before their new Inglewood stadium opens in 2019.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Tipped workers are slated to receive a minimum of $4.08 an hour starting next year - a bump of 3 cents.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 石板; 板岩，页岩; 行为记录; 石板色，深蓝灰色
vt. 用石板瓦盖，用板岩覆盖（例如屋顶）; 把…加到竞选者的名单上; 安排或指定
adj. 石板的; 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
时态：slated, slating, slates
分布：石板(42%)，板岩(33%)，提名(5%)，石板色(5%)，石片(3%)，严厉批评(3%)，候选人名单(2%)，用石板覆盖(2%)，预订(2%)，含板岩的(2%)，暗蓝灰色的(1%)
→来自古法语 esclate,阴性格于 esclat,薄片，碎片，木条，即现拼写 slat.比较 marquis,侯爵， marquise,女侯爵，侯爵夫人。后 slat 多用于指木制板，slate 多用于指石制板，并引申比喻义 写字板，清单，候选人名单。
【记】源于：slat（n 板条），e－石板，古希腊选举时在石板上刻候选人的名字－候选人名单
noun
ROCK 岩石
countable or uncountable
■a dark grey rock that can be easily divided into thin pieces, or a small thin piece of this used to cover a roof 板岩，石板；（盖屋顶的）石板瓦
[sleɪt] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
countable (also slate PC)
■a small computer with a screen that you can write on using a special pen 笔记型电脑
[sleɪt] noun
FOR WRITING 用于书写
countable
■in the past, a small thin rectangular piece of slate (= rock) , usually in a wooden frame, used for writing on, especially by children （尤指旧时儿童写字用的）石板
[sleɪt] noun
CHOOSE 选择
countable US
■the group of people who are chosen by a particular party to take part in an election 候选人名单
• The senator has not got a full slate of delegates in New York. 参议员还没有拿到纽约州所有候选代表的名单。
[sleɪt] noun
on the slate UK informal
■when the price of food or drink that a regular customer buys is recorded so that they can pay for it at another time 记账，赊账
• Could you put these drinks on the slate? 你能将这些饮料记账吗？
[sleɪt] noun
with the slate wiped clean
■with your past mistakes or crimes forgotten （过去的错误或罪行）一笔勾销
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CHOOSE 选择 US to be expected to happen in the future or to be expected to be or do something in the future 预计，预定；安排
• [+ to infinitive] Geoff is slated to be the next captain of the football team. 杰夫预计会成为该足球队的下一任队长。
• The election is slated for (= the chosen day is) next Thursday. 选举定于下星期四举行。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
CRITICIZE 批评 UK informal
■to attack by criticizing; to write or say that something is very bad 抨击，批评
• Her last book was slated by the critics. 她的新书受到了评论家的抨击。
[sleɪt] verb transitive
ROCK 岩石
■to cover a roof with slates 用石板瓦盖顶
[sleɪt] adjective
■of a colour similar to slate 石板色的，深蓝灰色的
• slate grey 石板灰
• slate blue 石板蓝
n. [岩] 板岩； [地质] 石板；蓝色；石片
 - blue, flagstone

Word: transplant
Front: transplant
[trænsˈplɑ:nt] (研四六托雅 5386/8061 -2)
Vocabulary: transplant
(once / 960 pages)
vn
Use the verb transplant to describe what you do when you move a cactus into a bigger container, or what a doctor does when she places a donor organ — like a kidney or lung — into the body of a patient.
When you transplant your favorite rose bush, you carefully dig it up and re-plant it in another spot in the yard, maybe one that gets more sunlight. You can also use the word as a noun to describe the act of doing such a thing: "The liver transplant was a success." The word's origin is simple: the Latin trans, or "across," plus plantare, which means "to plant."
WORD FAMILY
transplant: transplantable, transplantation, transplanted, transplanter, transplanting, transplants+/transplantation: transplantations/transplanter: transplanters/transplanting: transplantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's the day Whalen received a liver transplant and a second chance at life.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the end, her life hinged on one thing - a heart transplant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At the time of his son's death, Mr Scully-Sloan was also desperately ill with liver disease and awaiting a transplant.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 移植; 移种; 移民，迁移; 移植（器官、皮肤、头发等）
n. （器官、皮肤、头发等的）移植; 移植物; 移植者
vi. 迁移; 移居; 经得起移植
时态：transplanted, transplanting, transplants
分布：移植(97%)，移植物(2%)，移居(1%)
→trans-,转移，转变，plant,移植，栽种。
移植(trans+plant种→转移过去→移植)[trans-①表示"横过,越过"②表示"变换,改变,转移"]
移植,移种(trans转移+plant→移种)[Plant=plant,表示"种植"]
n./v.移植(植物;组织,器官等);迁移;The gigantic panther in pants passed the transition period of heart transplant.穿裤子的巨大黑豹度过了心脏移植的过度期.
US [-'splænt] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move something, or to be moved, from one place or person to another 移植，移栽；（使）移居
• The plants should be grown indoors until spring, when they can be transplanted outside. 这些植物应该先种在室内，到了春天就可以移栽到外面。
• Doctors transplanted a monkey's heart into a two-year old child (= removed the child's faulty heart and put a monkey's heart in its place). 医生们给一个两岁的儿童移植了猴子的心脏。
Compare implant
UK [træn'splɑ:nt] US [-'splænt] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■when something is transplanted, especially an operation in which a new organ is put into someone's body （尤指器官的）移植
• a liver/kidney transplant 肝脏／肾脏移植
• transplant surgery 移植手术
• He had a heart transplant (= Doctors gave him a different, healthier heart instead of his old one). 他接受过心脏移植。
 ADVANCED countable
■something, especially a new organ, that has been transplanted 移植物；（尤指）移植器官
• His body accepted/rejected the transplant. 他的身体对移植器官没有出现／出现了排斥反应。
vt. [林] 移植；迁移；使移居
 - remove, transfer of culture
n. [林] 移植；移植器官；被移植物；移居者
 - implantation, engraftment
vi. [林] 移植；迁移；移居
 - remove, move

Word: zinc
Front: zinc
[zɪŋk] (研六托 10443/10458 -2)
Back: n. [化]锌
vt. 镀锌于…; 在…上镀锌
时态：zinced, zincing, zincs
→来自德语Zinke,来自edont,齿，词源同dental,tooth,orthodontics,因这种元素融化后呈齿状的结晶体而得名。
n.锌The extinct exotic bird's feather contains zinc.那种已绝迹的珍奇的鸟的羽毛中含锌.
noun uncountable
■a bluish white metal that is used in making other metals or for covering other metals to protect them 锌

Word: mediocre
Front: mediocre
[ˌmi:diˈəʊkə(r)] (托雅宝 10434/14371 -1)
Vocabulary: mediocre
(once / 1424 pages)
adj
Mediocre is an adjective that means "merely adequate" or "of only ordinary quality." A "C" is a mediocre grade for students who are fair to middling.
The roots of the adjective mediocre are from the Latin medial, "middle," and ocris, "mountain." If you think about it, the middle of a mountain is neither up nor down and neither here nor there — just somewhere in between. The definition of mediocre is "of ordinary quality," "merely adequate," and "average." Another word that shares the same root is mediocracy, which means "government run by mediocre people" — an all-too-common condition.
WORD FAMILY
mediocre: mediocrely, mediocrity +/ mediocrity: mediocrities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Detroit got to the playoffs mostly by winning close games against mediocre or bad teams.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the big picture, that’s a mediocre percentage.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ryan consistently produced excellent defense at the Jets but was let down by mediocre quarterbacks.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 普通的; 中等的; 质量中等偏下的; 碌
分布：平庸的(86%)，平凡的(14%)
→来自拉丁语mediocris,半山腰，中等的，普通的，来自medius,中间的，词源同middle,ocris,山峰，锯齿状高山，词源同acrobat,acrid.后词义进一步贬义化，形容平庸的，差劲的。比较其同源词mean.
平庸的,中等的(med+iocre石山→中间的山→不是高山→平庸的)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
US [-'oʊ.kɚ] adjective disapproving
■not very good 普通的，平庸的，不够好的
• The film's plot is predictable and the acting is mediocre. 这部影片的情节都能猜得到，演员的演技也不够好。
• Parents don't want their children going to mediocre schools. 家长不想让孩子上普普通通的学校。
adj. 普通的；平凡的；中等的
 - ordinary, general, secondary, middle, average

Word: heartland
Front: heartland
[ˈhɑ:tlænd] (10435/14261 -1)
Back: n. 心脏地带; 中心区域
分布：心脏地区(62%)，中心地区(38%)
→heart,心，心脏，land,土地。比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:rt-] noun countable
■the central or most important area 中心地区；重要地区
• the Labour/Tory heartlands 工党／保守党的核心地区
n. [地理] 中心地带；心脏地区
 - central place

Word: entrust
Front: entrust
[ɪnˈtrʌst] (宝 10414/8484 -1)
Vocabulary: entrust
(once / 595 pages)
v
To entrust is to give someone a responsibility you assume she will fulfill. If you entrust someone with the task of getting you to school on time, make sure she’s punctual.
To entrust is to let someone take care of something for you because you believe she will protect it. It could be a duty or a thing — you might entrust a nursing home with the care of your parents or entrust an accountant with your finances. Entrust is a verb that needs an object, so you always entrust with or to something. If a friend entrusts you with a secret, she trusts you not to tell.
WORD FAMILY
entrust: entrusted, entrusting, entrusts+/ distrust: distrusted, distrusting, distrusts, self-distrust/distrustful: distrustfully, distrustfulness/intrust: intrusted, intrusting, intrusts/mistrust: mistrusted, mistrustful, mistrusting, mistrusts/mistrustful: mistrustfully/ trust: antitrust, distrust, entrust, intrust, mistrust, trusted, trustee, truster, trustful, trusting, trusts, trusty/trusted: trustedly/trustee: trustees, trusteeship/trusteeship: trusteeships/truster: trusters/trustful: distrustful, trustfully, trustfulness/ trusting: trustingest, trustingly, trustingness, untrusting/trusty: trustier, trusties, trustiest, trustily, trustiness, untrusty/untrusty: untrustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clattenburg, who was entrusted with the finals of the Champions League, European Championship and FA Cup this year, consults a psychologist.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a position rarely entrusted to a player without experience or extra years to bulk up.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
With her mother long dead, she was entrusted to her uncle.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 委托，托付
时态：entrusted, entrusting, entrusts
分布：交托(42%)，信托(33%)，信赖(25%)
→en-, 进入，使。trust, 信任。
委托;相信(en给予+trust→给予相信→委托)[tru=true,表示"相信,真实"]
【记】trust（n 信任；信赖）－我把事情委托给你是对你的一种信赖
verb transitive + adverb or preposition
■to give someone a thing or a duty for which they are responsible 委托；交托；托付
• He didn't look like the sort of man you should entrust your luggage to. 他看起来就不可靠，你不应该把行李托付给他。
• Two senior officials have been entrusted with organizing the auction. 两名高层官员受委托组织这次拍卖活动。
vt. 委托， [贸易] 信托
 - refer, leave in trust

Word: adrenaline
Front: adrenaline
[ə'drenəlɪn] (10433/24777)
Vocabulary: adrenaline
(once / 14004 pages)
n
If you've ever been in a car that screeched to a stop, barely avoiding an accident, you probably felt a surge of adrenaline that left your heart pounding. Adrenaline is a hormone that's released in response to stressful situations.
Adrenaline was named after the gland in the human body that releases it, the adrenal gland. The body secretes adrenaline when danger or stress is present, as a kind of safety measure; when adrenaline is released in your body, you feel your heart beat faster and a sudden rush of energy which might give you the strength to fight off an attacker or flee a dangerous animal.
WORD FAMILY
adrenaline
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carter jumped up, his body surging with adrenaline; the returner did not.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“I’m sorry for it. When you are full of adrenaline, things happen that you don’t perceive. I will try to behave differently in the future.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Q. I just got in last night, but it’s obvious that there’s a lot of adrenaline in this town from both fan bases.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <生化>肾上腺素; <喻>刺激物; 激励因素; 一阵兴奋（或激动）
分布：=adrenalin.(100%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ren, 肾，见renal, 肾的。-ine, 化学名词后缀。
n. [生化] 肾上腺素
 - epinephrine

Word: sparse
Front: sparse
[spɑ:s] (托雅宝 10437/9557 -1)
Vocabulary: sparse
(once / 1879 pages)
adj
Something that’s sparse is thin, not dense. If you’re looking for the perfect place to build a tree house, a sparse forest is probably not your best bet.
From the Latin sparsus, meaning “scattered,” we get the adjective sparse, which means “few and scattered.” Thinning hair is sparse, as is the population of an endangered species. Or a small and scattered crowd for an unpopular band. Synonyms include dispersed, infrequent, and scanty. Antonyms, on the other hand, include full, lush, and plentiful.
WORD FAMILY
sparse: sparsely, sparseness, sparser, sparsest, sparsity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most moving is the scene in which the women exchange confidences as rain pours down, and customers are sparse.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A lot of the fringe sites looked a lot more sparse,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For now, his plantation is fairly sparse, except for an area he’s named the Hill of Frankincense.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 稀疏的; 稀少的
级别：sparser, sparsest
分布：稀疏的(64%)，稀少的(36%)
→来自拉丁语 sparse,散开的，播洒的，来自 spargere,散开，播种，来自 sperg,播，洒，溅， 来自 sper,播，洒，词源同 sprinkle,spread,intersperse.引申词义稀少的，稀疏的等。
【记】spar（v 拳击），se死：人都被拳击打死了－稀少的
【反】rife（adj 普遍的）；copious（adj 很多的；丰富的）
US [spɑ:rs] adjective
■small in numbers or amount, often scattered over a large area 稀少的；稀疏的，零落的
• a sparse population/audience 稀少的人口／观众
• sparse vegetation/woodland 稀疏的植被／林地
• a sparse beard 稀稀疏疏的胡子
• Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse. 来自灾区的资讯很少。
adj. 稀疏的；稀少的
 - exiguous, infrequent

Word: endowment
Front: endowment
[ɪnˈdaʊmənt] (托 10430/7253 -2)
Vocabulary: endowment
(once / 1091 pages)
1n 2n
An endowment is a gift. It might be money given to an institution like a college. Or, an endowment might be a natural gift, say of a physical attribute or a talent. If you lack the endowment of musical talent, you could play the tambourine.
To endow means "to give or bequeath," and the background of the word endowment goes back to the 15th Century, where it was used to refer to money or property that is given to an institution. An example can be found in the National Endowment for the Arts, an organization dedicated to providing grants to fund artistic endeavors. Your natural endowments — speed, agility, endurance — make you an excellent soccer player. If only you could wake up in time for practice.
WORD FAMILY
endowment: endowments+/ endow: endowed, endowing, endowment, endows/ endowed: unendowed
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is the first step toward establishing a $100,000 endowment fund with additional contributions.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The recipients designed “inspirational projects” to strengthen themselves personally and professionally, Sara Cobb, the endowment’s vice president for education, said in a statement.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
R. O. Kwon is a 2016 National Endowment for the Arts Literature Fellow and the author of the forthcoming novel, Heroics.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 捐赠; 基金; 天赋; 养老保险
分布：天赋(100%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■money that is given to a college or hospital, etc. in order to provide it with an income, or the giving of this money （给院校、医院等的）捐款，捐赠，资助
• The school has received an endowment of £50 000 to buy new books for the library. 学校收到了一笔用于为图书馆添置新书的五万英镑的捐款。
countable
■something that you have from birth, often a quality 天赋；天资；才能
• There are tests which can establish a baby's genetic endowment. 有些测试可以测定婴儿的基因特性。
n. [经] 捐赠；捐助；捐款；天资
 - talent, donation

Word: cutback
Front: cutback
[ˈkʌtbæk] (10418/12218 -1)
Vocabulary: cutback
(once / 5173 pages)
n
A cutback is a decrease in something, usually money. A state cutback in funding for education might result in larger classes and fewer field trips.
During difficult economic times, money is scarce and cutbacks are almost inevitable. If your parents are having money troubles, there may be cutbacks in your allowance, and when state governments suffer, there are often cutbacks in aid for schools, roads, and people in need. In news reports, you'll often hear phrases like "cutbacks in defense spending" or "cutbacks in overtime pay."
WORD FAMILY
cutback: cutbacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homelessness and affordable housing, as the city deals with federal cutbacks.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
In part, prices were helped by production cutbacks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The cutback occurred at roughly the same time as the firing of Ms. Wells.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 削减，缩减; （电影等）倒叙; [园]剪枝; 回冲浪峰
分布：削减(54%)，减少(41%)，剪修新芽(5%)
noun countable
■a reduction in something, made in order to save money （为省钱而进行的）削减，裁减，减少
• The closure of the Manchester printing factory is the company's biggest single cutback so far. 关闭曼彻斯特印刷厂是该公司到目前为止规模最大的一次性裁员。
n. 减少，削减；情节倒叙
 - reduction, loss, decrease, cut

Word: present-day
Front: present-day
[ˈprezəntˈdeɪ] (-1)
Back: adj. 现在的; 当今的，现代的
分布：当前的(50%)，当代的(50%)
adjective [before noun]
■existing now 现在的，当前的，当今的
• present-day attitudes 现代的观点
adj. 现代的；当今的；现在的；现时的
 - modern, current, now

Word: beacon
Front: beacon
[ˈbi:kən] (托宝 10441/10036 -1)
Vocabulary: beacon
(once / 1169 pages)
nv
If your nose is shining like a beacon, I hope you are a reindeer employed by a jolly fat man from the North Pole.
Beacon comes from an Old English word meaning “sign,” and that's what actual beacons are for lost ships: signs of having made it to land. Beacons are often some kind of light, like the bonfires that the ancient Greeks lit on hillsides to communicate that an army had come home from overseas. You'll also see beacon used figuratively, especially in the phrase “beacon of hope.”
WORD FAMILY
beacon: beaconed, beaconing, beacons
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Jo-Ann Fabric, the sewing aisle, a beacon of immigrant industriousness, was humming.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“In my time on Beacon Hill I’ve talked to a lot of lawmakers around the state who were interested in what we’re doing,” Burns said.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Dalén invented a neat little device that would, when heated by the sun, pinch off the gas suppling a lighthouse’s beacon.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 灯塔，信号浮标; 烽火; 指路明灯; 警标，界标
vt. 照亮，指引; 为…设置信标; 用灯指引
vi. 像灯塔般照耀
时态：beaconed, beaconing, beacons
分布：灯塔(80%)，烽火(19%)，基地(1%)
→来自PIE *bha, 发光，照耀，词源同fantasy, 幻想物。
【记】bea＝bead珠子，夜明珠，con＝can能。夜明珠能在晚上导航。
noun countable
■a light or fire on the top of a hill that acts as a warning or signal （山顶上作为信号的）信标灯，灯塔，烽火
• As part of the centenary celebrations a chain of beacons was lit across the region. 这个地区各作为百年庆典的一部分，各处都点起了一盏盏灯火。
• figurative She was a beacon of hope in troubled times. 在动荡的年代，她是人们的希望之灯。
n. [水运] 灯塔，信号浮标；烽火；指路明灯
 - lighthouse, phare
vt. 照亮，指引
 - lamp, light up

Word: reorganization
Front: reorganization
[rɪˌɔ:ɡənaɪ'zeɪʃn] (10427/10561)
Vocabulary: reorganization
(once / 2434 pages)
n
The process of arranging or setting something in order in a new way is reorganization. The reorganization of your bookshelves will make it easier to find a book that you're searching for.
Reorganization can happen on a small scale, like the reorganization of your kitchen spices so they're in alphabetical order. There are also larger examples, like a country's reorganization of its entire government or a state's reorganization of its school system. This noun comes from the verb reorganize, which adds the "again" prefix re- to organize, from the Greek organon, "tool or implement."
WORD FAMILY
reorganization: reorganizations+/ disorganization: disorganizations/disorganize: disorganization, disorganized, disorganizes, disorganizing/ organization: organizational, organizations, self-organization/organizational: organizationally/ organize: disorganize, organization, organized, organizer, organizes, organizing, reorganize / organized: unorganized/organizer: organizers/ reorganize: reorganization, reorganized, reorganizes, reorganizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The agency proposed its own reorganization, which Walker was expected to include in his budget.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Alibaba's entertainment business underwent a major reorganization in October, marking a total consolidation of the company's media assets.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Learner said his organization would fight Peabody's reorganization plan.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 改组; 改编; 重新制定; 整顿
分布：改组(76%)，改造(22%)，再编制(2%)
V-ERG
改组;改造;改编;重新安排
To reorganize something or to reorganize means to change the way in which something is organized, arranged, or done.
例：It is the mother who is expected to reorganize her busy schedule...应该让母亲来重新安排自己紧张的日程。
例：Four thousand troops have been reorganized into a fighting force...4,000名士兵被重组成为一支战斗部队。
n. 改组；整顿；改编
 - restructuring, adaptation

Word: aye
Front: aye
[aɪ] (10386/1801 -1)
Back: n. 赞成票; 投票赞成者; （回答）是
adv. 赞成
分布：是(50%)，赞成票(27%)，永远(13%)，=ay.(5%)，赞成者(5%)
→yes的口语发音。
adverb mainly UK
■another word for 'yes' yes 的另一种说法
• "Would you prefer not to work?" "Oh aye, I'd stop tomorrow if I could." “你想要不工作吗？”“哦，是的。如果可以的话我明天就不想上班。”
• All those who support this proposal say "Aye". 支持这项建议的人请说“赞成”。
[aɪ] noun countable
■a vote or voter in support of a suggestion, idea, law, etc. 赞成票；投赞成票者
• The ayes have it (= The people who voted 'yes' have won). 投赞成票者占多数。
n. 赞成票；投赞成票者
 - affirmative vote, placet

Word: sacrament
Front: sacrament
[ˈsækrəmənt] (宝 10423/12626)
Vocabulary: sacrament
(once / 554 pages)
n
A sacrament is a religious ceremony or rite. Sacraments are important holy events to members of that religion.
Different religions recognize different sacraments. If you're a Protestant, you might attend a baptism, yet if you're Roman Catholic, you would include confirmation and matrimony among the various ceremonies you attend. Usually a holy person like a priest or minister needs to perform a sacrament. A less religious definition of this word is to think of a sacrament as something that is sacred or mysterious: a serious baseball fan might think of visiting Fenway Park as a sacrament.
WORD FAMILY
sacrament: sacramental, sacraments+/sacramental: sacramentally
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are 150 Blessed Sacrament nuns scattered across the country and abroad, including 50 in Philadelphia and others in New Orleans, Arizona, Haiti and Jamaica.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The Rev. Lynn Jostes will preach on “Fearing, Hoping, Trusting,” and the sacraments of Communion and Baptism will be celebrated.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Among my mostly secular group of friends, the ceremonies of marriage and death were the only ritual sacraments left.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （天主教的）圣事; 圣礼; 神圣的东西; 庄严的誓言
分布：圣礼(54%)，圣事(25%)，圣餐(21%)
→sacra-,神圣的，-ment,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
noun
countable
■an important religious ceremony in the Christian Church, such as baptism or communion （基督教的）圣事，圣礼
countable usually singular
■the holy bread and wine eaten at Holy Communion (= a religious ceremony) 圣餐（包括圣饼和葡萄酒）
n. 圣礼；圣餐；神秘的事物
 - mystery, Eucharist
vt. 立誓
 - impawn, take an oath

Word: incremental
Front: incremental
[ˌɪŋkrə'mentl] (10417/12988)
Vocabulary: incremental
(once / 12416 pages)
adj
If you are making incremental progress in math, you are moving slowly but steadily forward. Incremental describes regular, measurable movements that are usually small.
Sometimes a basketball team might make a huge improvement, like a team that is 32-50 one year and then 50-32 the next. More often, progress is small and tiny — incremental. Anytime something is changing in any way, and the change is slow and steady, you can talk about incremental changes. A lot of life is like that. You might prefer to be making great or even miraculous progress, but incremental gains are better than none at all.
WORD FAMILY
incremental: incrementally+/ increment: incremental, increments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when the text seems repetitive, there’s value in such incremental updates.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In the war against self-destruction, victories tend to be small, incremental and fragile.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Tax reform is a core element here, too — raising returns to work by reducing tax rates on incremental earnings.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 增加的
分布：增加的(59%)，增量的(41%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■in a series of amounts 增加的；递增的
• Most research proceeds by small incremental advances. 大多数的研究是渐进式的。
■small 小的
• Changes at the newspaper are more incremental than radical. 报纸的变化不大。
adj. 增加的，增值的
 - accessorial, enhancive

Word: remedial
Front: remedial
[rɪˈmi:diəl] (10419/11993 -1)
Vocabulary: remedial
(once / 6545 pages)
adj
When you do poorly in a subject and get sent to a class that focuses on basic concepts and better study habits, you are taking a remedial class.
If you know that a remedy is a type of medicine, then you have a clue to the meaning of remedial. Like a remedy, remedial classes are supposed to improve you, specifically in school subjects that you haven't done well in. Lately, the term is most often used to describe courses given to students who are not prepared for regular work. New college students often have to take remedial classes before they can begin actual university-level courses.
WORD FAMILY
remedial: remedially+/ irremediable: irremediably/ remediable: irremediable / remediate: remediable, remediated, remediation /remedied: unremedied/ remedy: remedial, remediate, remedied, remedies, remedying
USAGE EXAMPLES
It included after-school remedial study centers and on-the-job training projects.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Federal authorities, who have been participating in the SpaceX-led probe from the beginning, also must concur on remedial actions to protect against another accident.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Cheltenham Borough Council said it had "crumbled and cracked to pieces" while remedial works were carried out.
BBC(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 治疗的，医治的; 补救的，挽回的; 补习的; 纠正的
分布：治疗的(43%)，补救的(41%)，矫正的(16%)
adjective
TO IMPROVE 纠正的 formal
■describes an action which is intended to correct something that is wrong or to improve a bad situation 补救的；纠正的；矫正的
• to take urgent/immediate remedial action 采取紧急措施／立即采取行动进行补救
• The bill requires owners to undertake remedial work on dilapidated buildings. 该法案规定房主应对其失修房屋进行修缮。
■formal
■describes exercises which are intended to improve someone's health when they are ill （活动）治疗的，医疗的
[rɪ'mi:.di.əl] adjective
EDUCATION 教育
[before noun] UK
■describing or relating to teaching which is intended to help people who have difficulties in reading or writing （对有读写困难的人）补习的，辅导的
• remedial classes/courses 补习班／课程
• She is a teacher of remedial English. 她是英语补习班的老师。
adj. 治疗的；补救的；矫正的
 - treated, therapeutic, medicinal

Word: narrate
Front: narrate
[nəˈreɪt] (研 10439/19408 -1)
Vocabulary: narrate
(once / 148 pages)
v
When you tell a story or describe something out loud, you narrate. You might hire a well-known actor to narrate your documentary film about circus elephants.
One way to narrate is to comment on or describe visual images — photographs or scenes in a film, for example. You can also narrate a story simply by relaying the details aloud. In books, a character sometimes narrates the story as well. It appears that narration, or the action of telling a story, came before narrate, from the Latin root narrare, "to tell, relate, or recount," or literally, "to make acquainted with."
WORD FAMILY
narrate: narrated, narrates, narrating, narration, narrative, narrator +/ narration: narrations/ narrative: narratively, narratives/ narrator: narrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “20th Century Women,” the five main characters periodically narrate their own and one another’s biographies.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He also narrated episodes of the “Underdog” cartoon series.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As a voice actor, he narrated the cartoon “Underdog” and played the Heat Miser in the animated “The Year Without a Santa Claus.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 讲，谈到，叙述; 做旁白说明; 讲故事
vi. 叙述，讲述
时态：narrated, narrating, narrates
分布：叙述(100%)
→来自拉丁语narrare,告知，解释，来自gno,去知道，了解，词源同can,know.引申词义叙述，告知。字母g脱落，-r,拉丁语现在不定式格，比较affair,fact.
verb transitive
■to tell a story, often by reading aloud from a text, or to describe events as they happen 讲（故事）；叙述
• Documentaries are often narrated by well-known actors. 纪录片常常由著名演员作旁白。
• One by one the witnesses narrated the sequence of events which led up to the disaster. 目击者一个接一个叙述了导致惨剧发生的一系列事件。
vt. 叙述；给…作旁白
 - relate, recount
vi. 叙述；讲述
 - tell about, tell of

Word: inflammatory
Front: inflammatory
[ɪnˈflæmətri] (10408/7458 -1)
Vocabulary: inflammatory
(once / 3019 pages)
adj
In medical terms, something that is inflammatory causes a local reaction that shows up by swelling, heat, pain, and redness. If you are stung by a bee, you may have an acute inflammatory reaction to the sting.
The noun inflammatory also refers to something that excites anger, violence, rebellion, or similar strong emotions. In this case, the noun usually refers to speech or writing. If you are a politician, inflammatory speeches may be one tool you use to incite your constituents to vote against the corruption of your opponent. After all, a stirring speech about rights people may lose if an election goes a certain way is more likely to get out the vote than a more understated discussion.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
inflammable / inflammatory
Inflammable and inflammatory can be confused with one another, but they also offer their own source of confusion with the prefix in-.
Inflammable refers to something that is easy to set on fire; something flammable. How can inflammable mean the same as flammable? True the prefix in- can mean not, as in inaccurate. But it can also be used as intensifier meaning in or into. It's that second prefix at work here. Something inflammable is something that's capable of not just being lit on fire but being easily lit on fire.
The fire created panic in the area as the spot is surrounded by dying units that produce highly inflammable chemicals.
However, we suspect that a spark in inflammable material or gas leakage might have caused the incident.
You can improvise your own personal ashtray by using an old tin of breath mints, or something similarly inflammable.
Inflammatory is also related to fire, although figuratively, and makes use of intensifier in-. Used literally, inflammatory describes something that is inflamed, that is, red, swollen, and hot. Muscle and tissue often become inflamed, and an inflammatory disease, such as arthritis, cause parts of the body to become so inflamed.
A novel treatment option for inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis seems to be underway.
Used figuratively, inflammatory describes something that incites anger or violence. It inflames people's emotions or responses.
This is false, inflammatory rhetoric.
The protestors have been known for their inflammatory remarks and signs.
The root of inflammable and inflammatory give you a clue to their meaning with the idea of fire. Inflammable is a literal fire: something that can be easily set on fire. Inflammatory is a figurative fire, whether with swollen joints or angry words.
WORD FAMILY
inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory+/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/ inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory /inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammation: inflammations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occasionally, the drugs provoke a severe auto-immune response, resulting in potential toxicities including inflammatory lung, liver and thyroid disorders.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
They are part of the body’s inflammatory response that protects people from infection.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人激动的; 有煽动性的; 炎性的，发炎的
分布：煽动性的(51%)，发炎的(35%)，炎症的(14%)
→来自inflammation,炎症，发炎。
煽动性的(inflame+atory→让别人发怒→煽动性的)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
ANGER 使人激愤的
■intended or likely to cause anger or hate 使人激愤的；煽动性的
• The men were using inflammatory language /making inflammatory remarks about the other team's supporters. 这些人恶语攻击另一支球队的支持者。
UK [ɪn'flæm.ə.tər.i] US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
SWELLING 发炎的 specialized
■causing or related to swelling and pain in the body 发炎的；引发炎症的
adj. 炎症性的；煽动性的；激动的
 - excited, hot

Word: discipline
Front: discipline
[ˈdɪsəplɪn] (研四六托雅宝 2278/1450 -K3)
Vocabulary: discipline
(once / 177 pages)
nv
When you have discipline, you have self-control. When you discipline children, you are either teaching them to be well-behaved, or you are punishing and correcting them.
The origins of this word offer great clues about its current meanings. The Old French descepline referred to punishment and suffering. The Latin disciplina meant "teaching, learning." The Old English version referred to a branch of knowledge or field of study (so if you're really good at word origins, you might want to make etymology your discipline). Developing discipline as a form of training is a military concept that's more than 500 years old.
WORD FAMILY
discipline: disciplinarian, disciplinary, disciplined, disciplines, disciplining, indiscipline, self-discipline, undiscipline+/disciplinarian: disciplinarians/disciplinary: disciplinarily, interdisciplinary / disciplined: self-disciplined, undisciplined/indiscipline: indisciplines
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The players are off. They are not working,” McAdoo said when asked if they would be disciplined.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But he downplayed his contribution to Shiffrin’s improvement in the discipline, which was underlined by her back-to-back GS wins last week.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For only that brief 30 minutes you must be disciplined.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 训练; 使有纪律; 处罚; 使有条理
n. 训练; 纪律; 学科; 符合行为准则的行为（或举止）
时态：disciplined, disciplining, disciplines
分布：纪律(55%)，学科(25%)，训练(13%)，惩罚(7%)
→来自disciple, 学习，门徒。引申词义训练，必要的纪律，惩罚。
纪律(disciple门徒,学徒...门徒必须听说...纪律)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
n.纪律,学科I'm inclined to underline these disciplines in the outline written on linen.我倾向于给写在亚麻布上的大纲中的这些学科划下画线.
noun
TRAINING 训练
 IMPROVER uncountable
■training which produces obedience (= willingness to obey) or self-control, often in the form of rules, and punishments if these are broken, or the obedience or self-control produced by this training 训导；训练；纪律；约束
• parental/military/school discipline 父母的训导／军事训练／校规
• There should be better discipline in schools. 学校的纪律应该更严一些。
• I don't have enough (self)discipline to save money. 我总是控制不住自己花钱的欲望。
(good) discipline
■the ability to control yourself or other people, even in difficult situations 控制能力，驾驭能力
• Maintaining classroom discipline (= control of the students) is the first task of every teacher. 维护课堂纪律是每位教师的首要任务。
['dɪs.ə.plɪn] noun
SUBJECT 课程
countable
■a particular area of study, especially a subject studied at a college or university （尤指大学或学院设立的）专业
['dɪs.ə.plɪn] verb
PUNISH 惩罚
transitive
■to punish someone 罚，惩罚
• A senior civil servant has been disciplined for revealing secret government plans to the media. 一名高级公务员因向媒体透露政府秘密计划而受到惩罚。
['dɪs.ə.plɪn] verb
CONTROL 控制
[T or R]
■to teach someone to behave in a controlled way 训练，教导
• [+ to infinitive] I'm trying to discipline myself to eat less chocolate. 我正试图控制自己少吃巧克力。
training, practice, exercise, drill, discipline
这组词都有“练习、训练、锻炼”的意思，其区别是：
training: 普通用词，泛指为从事某种职业而进行的身体或智力方面的训练。
practice: 指把所学的理论或知识用于实践以获得技艺与技巧。
exercise: 主要指为强壮体魄而进行的锻炼，也可指进行练习以保持已经获得的技巧。
drill: 侧重进行有系统的，严格和重复的练习。
discipline: 既可指训练又可指为达到某种熟练程度而进行的约束。
n. 学科； [管理] 纪律；训练；惩罚
 - science, punishment, rod, knowledge, payment
vt. 训练，训导；惩戒
 - coach, drill

Word: excerpt
Front: excerpt
[ˈeksɜ:pt] (研托雅宝 6058/18600 -3)
Vocabulary: excerpt
(once / 1949 pages)
nv
Instead of sharing all 147 lines of your favorite poem in class, you might want to read an excerpt, that is, just a part of the verses, so no one dozes off.
Excerpt sounds a lot like "except" with an added "r," and it came into English in the 16th century from a Latin word meaning "plucked out." When the word is used as a verb, excerpt means to take a portion out, usually from a play, book, article, song, or other written work. And the part that is taken out also is called an excerpt, but it is a noun, that is, a thing. An excerpt is something you excerpt, or pluck out, from a larger piece.
WORD FAMILY
excerpt: excerpted, excerpting, excerpts
USAGE EXAMPLES
French satirical and investigative weekly Le Canard Enchaine last week published excerpts of what it said was a letter by U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The following are edited excerpts from a conversation with Mr. Einaudi.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Below are edited excerpts from a conversation with Dr. Galdikas about Kalimantan, Camp Leakey and the orangutans.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 摘录; 引用; 摘要; 节录
vt. 摘录; 摘要; 引用; 节要
vi. 摘录; 引用
时态：excerpted, excerpting, excerpts
分布：摘录(85%)，引用(15%)
→ex-, 向外。-cerp, 砍，切，词源同harvest, carpet, shear. 即切下来的一段，节选。
n./vt.摘录;引用The passage is an excerpt from my recent novel.这段话是从我最近一本小说中选录的.
【记】源于expert（n 专家）才有能力进行摘选的工作。
US [-sɝ:pt] noun countable
■a short part taken from a speech, book, film, etc （演讲、书、电影等的）摘录，节录，片断
• An excerpt from her new thriller will appear in this weekend's magazine. 本周末出版的杂志将刊登她的最新惊悚小说的片段。
n. 摘录，引用
 - extract, citing
vt. 引用，摘录
 - reference, extract, cite
vi. 摘录，引用
 - reference, quote

Word: taut
Front: taut
[tɔ:t] (宝 10415/10555 -1)
Vocabulary: taut
(once / 2434 pages)
adj
Taut means tight rather than slack. The tightrope ought to be taut and not dangling down by the lion cage.
It sounds like the word "taught" and means stretched tight, like a rope, muscles, or even nerves. It's nice to have a taut body with tight muscles, but not so great to have a taut mind — tightly wound and tense. "The Olympic gymnast's taut body was something she worked hard for, but she gave a taut reply to reporters who asked her so many questions about her past, which she wished to keep a secret." Taut is derived from an Old English word, meaning basically "to pull." If you're fishing, you're happy when your line becomes taut, because there's probably a fish pulling at it. Or an old boot.
WORD FAMILY
taut: tauter, tautest, tautly, tautness+/tautness: tautnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then she slapped her hand against her own taut stomach.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Gently tug the dough towards you to keep it taut while rolling away from you.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
These works are small and portable, bright and taut, and use unmixed colors of high-gloss enamel in extraordinary combinations.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 紧的，绷紧的; 整洁的，整齐的; 紧张的
级别：tauter, tautest
分布：紧张的(37%)，绷紧的(28%)，拉紧的(25%)，整洁的(10%)
→来自中古英语 tought,拉紧的，可能来自 tough 变体。
【记】读：套它，用套索套住它，再收紧－紧的
【反】loosen unfirm（松的）；slack（adj 松弛的）
US [tɑ:t] adjective
TIGHT 紧的
■tight or completely stretched 拉紧的，绷紧的
• a taut rope 拉紧的绳子
• He kept his eyes on the road ahead, his face taut with concentration. 他眼睛盯着前方的道路，神情专注，脸紧绷着。
Compare slack
UK [tɔ:t] US [tɑ:t] adjective
EXCITED/NERVOUS 兴奋的／紧张的 literary
■excited or nervous （神经等）紧张的，兴奋的
• His latest film was described in today's paper as a taut thriller. 今天的报纸把他的最新电影描述为一部惊悚片。
• There was a taut edge to Niall 's voice. 尼尔的声音透着紧张。
UK [tɔ:t] US [tɑ:t] adjective
WRITING/SPEECH 文章／讲话 literary
■describes writing or speech which is controlled, clear and short （文章、讲话）简洁的，明快的
• taut prose 结构严谨的散文
adj. 拉紧的；紧张的；整洁的
 - intense, stressed
vt. 使纠缠；使缠结
 - intertangle, entangle

Word: caste
Front: caste
[kɑ:st] (托宝 10508/12201 -2)
Vocabulary: caste
(once / 680 pages)
n
The word caste was originally associated with India's traditional system of hereditary and rigidly stratified classes, but this noun can now be used to refer to any social group distinguished by shared characteristics, such as rank, economic wealth, or profession.
The root of caste is the Latin castus, which means "chaste" or "pure, separated." The word arrived in English through the Portuguese casta, which means "race" or "lineage," and was first used in the 1700s in reference to Hinduism's system of social stratification. By the nineteenth century, though, this noun was used metaphorically to describe any type of group that resembled this, as in the example, "Some sought to abolish the privileges enjoyed by an elite caste of business and financial leaders."
WORD FAMILY
caste: casteless, castes
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said Sri Lanka still is still grappling with issues regarding religion, caste and race.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Your revelation; your "money based caste system" is not news to us.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Ancient caste and family alliances prevail, deals are struck, money changes hands.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （印度社会中的）种姓; 印度的世袭阶级; 等级（制度）
分布：种姓(76%)，等级制度(23%)，印度的世袭阶级(1%)
→来自PIE *kes, 砍，切，进一步来自sek, 词源同saw, segment。本义为纯粹的，后用来指印度的严格的种姓制度。
种姓制度[cast=pure,表示"纯洁"]
【记】原指印度教的种姓制度
US [kæst] noun countable or uncountable
■a system of dividing Hindu society into classes, or any of these classes （印度社会的）种姓制度，种姓
• the caste system 种姓制度
n. （印度社会中的）种姓；（具有严格等级差别的）社会地位；（排他的）社会团体
 - social status, social position

Word: glisten
Front: glisten
[ˈglɪsn] (宝 10458/12768 -1)
Vocabulary: glisten
(once / 647 pages)
vn
Glisten is a verb meaning that something looks shiny, like it's wet. Rocks on the beach glisten in the sun. And your sister’s prom dress, covered in sequins, no doubt will glisten under the disco ball.
The word glisten can also be used metaphorically. After you tossed and turned throughout the night, in the morning, you could see the perfect solution glisten right in front of you. As a noun, a glisten is a bright shine. When you are driving into the setting sun, the glisten of the sun on the hood of the car makes it hard to see.
WORD FAMILY
glisten: glistened, glistening, glistens+/ glistening: glisteningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And for the caviar substitute, add delicate pinky-orange trout roe, glistening like pearls, and used in abundance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
We enjoy this benefit year-round, but fresh fruit and produce really glisten in the summer months.
New York Times(Aug 18, 2012)
Several Konkel pieces feature large areas of brushed aluminum whose glistening surfaces mirror Binder’s shiny steel.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 闪耀，闪亮
n. 闪光，闪耀
时态：glistened, glistening, glistens
分布：闪耀(44%)，闪光(36%)，闪亮(20%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
【记】g，listen（v 听；收听）：要是看就好了，可惜是listen，勉强记吧！哥哥听见了闪光！
verb intransitive
■to shine by reflecting light from a wet, oily or smooth surface （因潮湿、油亮或光滑的表面反光而）闪光，闪耀，闪亮
• The grass glistened in the early-morning dew. 清晨，小草顶着露珠晶莹发亮。
• His eyes glistened with tears. 他的眼里闪着晶莹的泪花。
vi. 闪光，闪亮
 - flare light, glitter
n. 闪光，闪耀
 - stroboflash, coruscation

Word: outright
Front: outright
[ˈaʊtraɪt] (托雅 8853/9778 -2)
Vocabulary: outright
(once / 1015 pages)
1advadj 2adv
If you do something outright, you do it in a wholehearted, unrestricted way. If you declare outright that you’re never eating another cupcake, that’s the end of that. If you eat one anyway, you told an outright lie.
If an event is cancelled outright, there's no question about it being rescheduled, and if you buy a new car outright, you pay for it all at once, instead of making monthly payments. Outright means direct and immediate — whether it's an adverb or an adjective: "The child's outright refusal to put on his shoes exasperated his babysitter." It can also mean “right away.” If you step on a slug, you’ll probably kill it outright. Ew.
WORD FAMILY
outright: outrightly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suddenly, that £5 cappuccino on Oxford Street is no longer cause for outright alarm.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Their research found that people doing the misleading think paltering is better than committing an outright lie.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
This serves as a cautionary tale for medical professionals, journalists, and laypeople alike to resist clinical indictments based on hearsay, if not outright imagination.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 完全地; 彻底地; 坦率地，不客气地; 即刻，马上
adj. 完全的，彻底的; 直率的; 明白的; 总共的
分布：彻底的(38%)，完全的(28%)，直率的(17%)，彻底地(9%)，率直地(4%)，立刻地(4%)
→out-,向外，right,直接的，正确的。用于副词词义彻底的，十足的。
adverb]ˌaʊtˈraɪt/
■completely or immediately 彻底，完全；立刻；当场
• I think cigarette advertising should be banned outright. 我认为应该全面禁止香烟广告。
• The driver and all three passengers were killed outright. 司机和车上全部3名乘客当场死亡。
adjective [before noun] /ˈaʊt.raɪt/
■complete 完全的，彻底的
• Outsiders are regarded with outright hostility. 外来者受到公然敌视。
• There was no outright winner in the election. 这次选举没有绝对的赢家。
adv. 全部地；立刻地；率直地；一直向前；痛快地
 - overall, heartily
adj. 完全的，彻底的；直率的；总共的
 - thorough, full, complete, absolute, total

Word: solid
Front: solid
[ˈsɒlɪd] (中高研四六 2011/2417 -K3)
Vocabulary: solid
(once / 127 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adj 4adj 5adj
A solid, as opposed to a liquid or gas, has a size and shape to it. It doesn't flow like water or disappear into the air.
At first glance, solid appears to be a simple word, but it really offers shades of meaning. A solid friend is dependable. If you give a solid performance, it was very good, though not quite great. Likewise, if you achieve a solid win, you win by a large, but not huge, majority. In a less figurative use, if a piece of chocolate is solid — as opposed to hollow — it is chocolate throughout.
WORD FAMILY
solid: semisolid, solid-colored, solidest, solidify, solidity, solidly, solidness, solids+/solidification: solidifications/ solidify: solidification, solidified, solidifies, solidifying/solidity: solidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a true tossup of a game between solid teams and accomplished quarterbacks.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Official data on Sunday also showed China's manufacturing sector expanded in December, indicating the world's second-largest economy is entering 2017 on solid footing.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Every year, humans generate more than a billion tons of solid waste, and that number will be closer to 4 billion by 2100.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 固体的; 实心的; 结实的，可靠的; 可信赖的
n. 固体; 立体图形; 立方体
分布：固体(78%)，可靠的(7%)，固体的(4%)，实心的(4%)，结实的(4%)，立体图形(2%)，一致地(1%)
→来自拉丁语 solidus,整个的，完整的，健全的，来自 sol,整个的，词源同 hologram,safe. 引申诸相关比喻义。
a.固体的;结实的,稳固的,可靠的n.固体The man who broke the sole solid lid is solemnly condemned.打破这个仅有的实心盖子的人受到庄严谴责.
US ['sɑ:.lɪd] adjective
HARD 坚硬的
 ESSENTIAL
■hard or firm, keeping a clear shape 坚固的；坚硬的
• solid ground 坚硬的地面
• a solid object 坚固的物体
• a solid structure 坚固的结构
 ESSENTIAL
■completely hard or firm all through an object, or without any spaces or holes 实心的，无空隙的
• solid rock 实心的石头
• a solid oak table 质地坚实的橡木桌子
• solid doors/walls 实心门／墙
• a solid line of traffic 拥挤不堪的车流
• The lecture hall was packed solid (with students). 演讲大厅里挤满了（学生）。
 IMPROVER
■describes a metal or a colour which is pure, and does not have anything else mixed together with it 纯的，无杂质的
• solid gold/silver candlesticks 纯金／银烛台
• a white rose on a solid blue background 纯蓝色背景下的一朵白玫瑰
UK ['sɒl.ɪd] US ['sɑ:.lɪd] adjective
NOT LIQUID/GAS 非液体／气体
 IMPROVER
■not liquid or gas 固体的，固态的
• Liquid and solid waste is collected in the tank. 液体和固体废弃物集中在箱罐里。
• Freeze the mixture for about 3 hours or so until solid. 把混合物冷冻三小时左右，直到其变成固体。
■describes food which is not in liquid form, especially when given to babies or people who are ill （尤指给婴儿或病人吃的食物）固体的
• That rice pudding was the first solid food he's eaten since his operation. 那种大米布丁是他手术后吃的第一种固体食物。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd] US ['sɑ:.lɪd] adjective
CERTAIN 确定的
 ADVANCED
■certain or safe; of a good standard; giving confidence or support 确定的；扎实的；可信赖的
• This provided solid evidence that he committed the crime. 这提供了确凿证据，证明他犯了罪。
• The drama course gives students a solid grounding in the basic techniques of acting. 戏剧课为学生们的表演基本功打下了扎实的基础。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd] US ['sɑ:.lɪd] adjective
CONTINUOUS 持续的
■continuing for a period of time without stopping 持续的，不间断的
• I slept for eleven solid hours. 我整整睡了11个小时。
• The hotel was booked solid all of December. 整个12月份该旅馆的客房都被订光了。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd] US ['sɑ:.lɪd] noun
OBJECT 物体
countable specialized
■an object that has a height, width and length, and is not flat 立体；立体图形
• A cube and a pyramid are both solids. 立方体和棱锥体都是立体图形。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd] US ['sɑ:.lɪd] noun
NOT LIQUID/GAS 非液体／气体
countable
■a substance that is not liquid or gas 固体物质
countable usually plural
■a food not in liquid form 固体食物
solid, firm, hard
这组词都有“坚定的，结实的”的意思，其区别是：
solid: 着重质地紧密、坚实和无间隙，含有在外部压力下仍可保持原有形状的意味。
firm: 侧重指质地坚硬、不易切割或有弹性，一旦变形会很快恢复原形。
hard: 侧重有抗拒压力或拉力的性质，但不一定有弹性。
adj. [物] 固体的；可靠的； [数] 立体的；结实的；一致的
 - responsible, honest, united, consistent, reliable
n. [物] 固体； [数] 立方体
 - cube

Word: speck
Front: speck
[spek] (托宝 10442/15041 -1)
Back: n. 污点; 微粒
vt. 使有斑点
分布：斑点(40%)，灰尘(34%)，污点(18%)，少量(5%)，用斑点标记(3%)
→来自古英语 specca,斑点，污点。
【记】源于：peck（n /v 啄痕）就是一点一点的吃－少量pec根：少量；参：peccadillo（n 轻罪；小过失）
【参】peccadillo（n 轻罪；小过失）
noun countable
■a very small mark, piece or amount 小点，斑点；小片；一点点
• He'd been painting the door and there were specks of paint all over the floor. 他在帮门上漆，弄得地板上到处都是油漆斑点。
• There's not a speck of (= not any) dust/dirt in their house. 他们的房子里一尘不染。
• We could see a speck (= a small amount) of light at the end of the tunnel. 我们可以看见隧道尽头有一点亮光。
particle, atom, grain, speck, molecule
这组词都有“粒，微粒”的意思，其区别是：
particle: 指任何物质的微粒，引申指任何小的部分。
atom: 指元素的最小粒子，其体积比molecule小。
grain: 通常指能为肉眼清楚看到的颗粒，比上述几个词所表“粒”的体积大。
speck: 一般指“微点”或“微粒”，可引申指“斑点、污点”。
molecule: 指物质中保持原物质的一切化学性质，能独立存在的最小微粒，即分子。
n. 灰尘；污点；小颗粒
 - dust, dirt
vt. 使有斑点
 - dapple

Word: roast
Front: roast
[rəʊst] (高研四六托雅 7679/12050 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 烤，烘，焙
vt. 嘲讽，挖苦
n. 烤肉; 户外烧烤野餐
adj. 烤好的，烤制的
时态：roasted, roasting, roasts
分布：烤(83%)，烤肉(8%)，烘烤(4%)，烘焙(3%)，烘烤的(1%)，烤过的(1%)
→来自古法语 rostir,烤，来自 Proto-Germanic*raustijana,烤，来自 reus,烤，词源同 rotisserie.
v.烤,炙,烘The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [roʊst] verb
COOK 烹调
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to cook food in an oven or over a fire 烘；烤；焙
• Just roast the chicken in the oven and baste it in oil and lemon. 直接把鸡放在烤箱里烤，烤时涂上油和柠檬汁。
• figurative We lay on the beach and roasted (= got very hot) in the Mediterranean sun. 我们躺在地中海的沙滩上晒日光浴。
intransitive or transitive
■to heat nuts or coffee beans so that they become drier and browner 烘焙（坚果或咖啡豆）
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive informal
■to severely criticize or speak angrily to someone 严厉批评；非难
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] adjective [before noun] (also roasted)
■Roast meat or vegetables have been cooked in an oven or over a fire 烘；烤；焙
• roast beef/chicken/potatoes 烤牛肉／鸡／土豆
• roasted red pepper sauce 烘焙的辣椒酱
UK [rəʊst] US [roʊst] noun countable
■a large piece of roasted meat 大块烤肉
bake, toast, roast
这组词都有“烘，烤”的意思，其区别是：
bake: 指在烤炉里，烘烤，不与火直接接触，用持续的干热，缓慢地烘烤任何食物。
toast: 侧重通过烘烤使烘烤之物变成褐色，尤指烘面包、熏肉等。
roast: 一般指在火上烤大块的肉或整只牲畜或家禽。
vt. 烤，焙；烘，烘烤；暴露于某种热力下以得温暖
 - torrefy, bake
vi. 烤；烘
 - broil, toast
adj. 烘烤的；烤过的
 - baking, broiled
n. 烤肉；烘烤
 - bulgogi, bar-b-q

Word: unanimously
Front: unanimously
[jʊ'nænɪməslɪ] (10452/8859)
Vocabulary: unanimously
(once / 1083 pages)
adv
If a group decides something unanimously, it means that every single member is in agreement. A vote passed unanimously has no one objecting to it.
When Congress passes a bill unanimously, each member agrees that it should become a law. Things that are done or agreed on unanimously have no dissenters, no one arguing against them — it's as if the group were thinking as a single entity. In fact, the root of unanimously is the Latin unanimus, "of one mind," from unus, "one," and animus, "mind."
WORD FAMILY
unanimous: unanimity, unanimously +/ unanimity: unanimities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The chief minister on Sunday called a meeting of senior leaders and legislators at his house where he was unanimously elected the party's new president.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The bill passed unanimously in the state senate.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution supporting efforts by Russia and Turkey to end the nearly six-year conflict in Syria and jump-start peace negotiations.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adv. 无异议地，全体一致地
分布：全体一致地(60%)，无异议地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
（所有人）一致同意的，全体一致的，无异议的
When a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something or all vote for the same thing.
例：Editors were unanimous in their condemnation of the proposals...编辑人员一致谴责这些提议。
例：They were unanimous that Chortlesby Manor must be preserved.他们一致认为必须对乔特勒斯比庄园加以保护。
ADJ
（投票、决定、协议等）全体同意的，无异议的，一致通过的
A unanimous vote, decision, or agreement is one in which all the people involved agree.
例：...the unanimous vote for Hungarian membership...投票一致同意匈牙利成为会员国
例：Their decision was unanimous.他们的决定是全体一致通过的。

Word: gymnastics
Front: gymnastics
[dʒɪmˈnæstɪks] (高托 10424/22030 -1)
Back: n. 体操，体育; 体操运动
分布：体操(100%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■physical exercises and activities performed inside, often using equipment such as bars and ropes which are intended to increase the body's strength and the ability to move and bend easily 体操；体操训练
• the US women's gymnastics team 美国女子体操队
• figurative Legal arguments require incredible mental/verbal gymnastics (= the ability to think/speak cleverly and quickly). 法庭辩论需要非凡的机智／语言表达能力。
n. 体操；体育；体操运动
 - gym, physical culture

Word: gritty
Front: gritty
[ˈgrɪti] (10456/15125 -1)
Vocabulary: gritty
(once / 4610 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gritty things have a rough texture that makes them feel like they're coated with sand. After a day at the beach, you might come home with gritty arms and legs.
A baking project involving corn meal might result in a gritty counter and a gritty kitchen floor, and one shake of your dirty dog will leave you with a gritty couch. Grit is a tiny particle of sand or stone, and gritty means "covered in grit." A second meaning of gritty is "showing bravery and spirit." When you stick with something no matter how scary or difficult it is, that's gritty.
WORD FAMILY
gritty: grittier, grittiest, grittily+/ grit: grits, gritted, gritting, gritty
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s a gritty, worldly insolence to them, and a sense of power,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Fighting is a gritty, emotional exercise in which statistics often mean nothing.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“And their ‘D’ linemen are really tough and gritty down there in the trenches.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 多沙的，含砂的; 勇敢的，坚毅的，坚定的
级别：grittier, grittiest
分布：有砂砾的(41%)，勇敢的(33%)，像砂的(26%)
US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
SANDY 沙砾的
■containing grit or like grit 含砂的；有沙砾的
UK ['grɪt.i] US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
BRAVE 勇敢的
■brave and determined 勇敢的；坚毅的，坚定的
• He showed the gritty determination that we've come to expect from him. 他不负所望，表现出应有的坚毅和果敢。
UK ['grɪt.i] US ['grɪtˌ.i] adjective
UNPLEASANT AND TRUE 真实的
■showing all the unpleasant but true details of a situation （对不好情况的描述）逼真的，真实的，不加掩饰的
• a gritty portrayal of inner-city poverty 对市中心贫民区赤贫生活的真实描述
• a gritty documentary 如实反映情况的纪录片
adj. 坚韧不拔的；有砂砾的；多沙的；像砂的
 - sandy, arenaceous

Word: completed
Front: completed
[kəm'pli:tɪd] (10438/8622)
Back: adj. 完整的，包含全部内容的
v. 完成; 使完善( complete的过去式和过去分词 ); 使完整; 填写（表格）
分布：已完成的(100%)
ADJ
完全的;十足的
You use complete to emphasize that something is as great in extent, degree, or amount as it possibly can be.
例：The rebels had taken complete control...叛乱分子完全控制了局面。
例：It shows a complete lack of understanding by management...这表明管理层对此完全不了解。
ADJ
完整的;全部的;整个的
You can use complete to emphasize that you are referring to the whole of something and not just part of it.
例：A complete tenement block was burnt to the ground...整幢公寓大楼被付之一炬。
例：The job sheets eventually filled a complete book.工作指导卡最终装满了整整一个册子。
ADJ
齐全的;完整的
If something is complete, it contains all the parts that it should contain.
例：The list may not be complete.这个单子可能不全。
例：...a complete dinner service...一整套餐具
VERB
使齐全;使完整
To complete a set or group means to provide the last item that is needed to make it a full set or group.
例：Children don't complete their set of 20 baby teeth until they are two to three years old.小孩要到两三岁才会长齐20颗乳牙。
例：...the stickers needed to complete the collection.集全一整套所需的贴纸
ADJ
(作品)全部的，完整的
The complete works of a writer are all their books or poems published together in one book or as a set of books.
例：...the Complete Works of William Shakespeare.《威廉·莎士比亚全集》
PREP-PHRASE
配有…的;兼有…的
If one thing comes complete with another, it has that thing as an extra or additional part.
例：The diary comes complete with a gold-coloured ballpoint pen.这个日记本配有一支金色的圆珠笔。
ADJ
完成的;结束的
If something is complete, it has been finished.
例：The work of restoring the farmhouse is complete...修复农舍的工作已经完成。
例：It'll be two years before the process is complete.这个过程需要两年才能完成。
VERB
结束;完成
If you complete something, you finish doing, making, or producing it.
例：Peter Mayle has just completed his first novel.彼得·梅尔刚刚完成他的第一部小说。
例：...the rush to get the stadiums completed on time.为了让各个体育场按时完工进行的匆忙赶工
VERB
全部完成
If you complete something, you do all of it.
例：She completed her degree in two years...她用两年的时间修完了课程，拿到了学位。
例：This book took years to complete.这本书耗时多年才写完。
VERB
填写(表格或问卷)
If you complete a form or questionnaire, you write the answers or information asked for in it.
例：Simply complete the coupon below...填写下面的订货单即可。
例：We ask candidates to complete a psychometric questionnaire...我们让候选人填写一份心理测试问卷。
ADJ
全面的;全能的
You can use complete to emphasize that someone is skilled at all aspects of a particular activity and is therefore the best example of that kind of person.
例：He was the complete all-round journalist.他是一名全能的记者。
adj. 完整的；完全的
 - whole, full, absolute, total, round
v. 完成（complete的过去分词）
 - finished

Word: pleasantly
Front: pleasantly
['plezntlɪ] (10450/8707 -K)
Back: adv. 愉快地; 快活地; 和气地; 和蔼地
分布：友好地(34%)，愉快地(33%)，亲切地(22%)，客气地(11%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人愉快的；舒适的；合意的
Something that is pleasant is nice, enjoyable, or attractive.
例：I've got a pleasant little apartment...我有一套舒适的小公寓。
例：It's always pleasant to do what you're good at doing.做自己擅长的事总是令人愉快的。
ADJ-GRADED
友好的；可亲的；讨人喜欢的
Someone who is pleasant is friendly and likeable.
例：The woman had a pleasant face...这位女士面相和善。
例：Lloyd George was most anxious to be agreeable and pleasant.劳埃德·乔治极力想表现得平易近人、和蔼亲切。
adv. 愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地；友好地
 - warmly, agreeably

Word: saloon
Front: saloon
[səˈlu:n] (10447/7303 -1)
Vocabulary: saloon
(once / 509 pages)
1n 2n
A saloon is an old-fashioned name for a bar or a tavern. Suggest meeting at the local saloon after work and your friends might give you a funny look, but they'll know what you mean.
A saloon is a place to sit drink a beer, though it's much more common these days to call it a bar or a pub. In the Old West, saloons played a huge role, providing refreshment to prospectors, trappers, and cowboys. The word comes from the French salon, and it originally had the same meaning, "living room." Later, saloon meant "hall," especially one on a boat or a train. In 1800's America, it came to mean "public house or bar."
WORD FAMILY
saloon: saloons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prohibitionist Carry Nation, who used a hatchet to wreck saloons in Topeka and Wichita, spent time in the rotary jail in Wichita, Bayens said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dancers create animals, flowers, trains and even a Western-style saloon.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
At last, we pushed through the double-swing doors and stepped into the saloon.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 大厅; 酒吧，酒馆; 展览场，公共大厅; 大轿车
分布：酒吧(48%)，大厅(26%)，沙龙(17%)，大轿车(9%)
→来自 salon 拼写变体，词义偏向于指娱乐场所，如酒吧，交谊厅等。
noun countable
CAR 轿车 UK (US sedan)
■a car with seats for four or five people, two or four doors, and a separate section at the back for bags, boxes and cases 三厢式四门（或双门）轿车，小轿车
• a family saloon 家用小轿车
[sə'lu:n] noun countable
BAR 酒吧
■a public bar, especially in the past in the western United States （尤指旧时美国西部的）酒馆
n. 酒吧；大厅；展览场；公共大厅；大会客室
 - wine bar, taproom

Word: rift
Front: rift
[rɪft] (托宝 10462/8766 -1)
Vocabulary: rift
(once / 2047 pages)
n
Rift sounds like rip, and it's helpful to think of it that way. When there is a rift in a political party over a particular policy, it is like a rip or tear in the fabric of the group.
Rift has a slightly different sense than break. A group can have a rift without having fully broken apart. A rift can heal, though a break is permanent. A rift can arise between sisters over whose turn it is to do dishes; it can quickly heal when parents promise an ice cream trip when the dishes are done. The Earth's crust has rifts, where it's splitting apart, like in East Africa.
WORD FAMILY
rift: rifts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shoe in question was the Nike Air Rift, or “split-toe” inspired by Kenyan barefoot distance runners allowing extra toe movement.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The most bruising presidential election in modern history lifted the curtain on the nation’s deep family rift — just in time for Thanksgiving and Christmas.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
However, the Afghan government rejected the group’s demands — an indication of the depth of the rift between the two sides in Afghanistan’s protracted conflict.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 裂缝，裂口; 不和
vt. 使断裂; 使分开
vi. 裂开
分布：裂口(48%)，裂开(26%)，割开(9%)，渗入(9%)，切口(4%)，隙缝(4%)
→来自北欧某语言，比较挪威语 rift,裂缝，来自 Proto-Germanic*rifana,刮，抢，来自 rei, 撕，砍，抓，词源同 rive,rifle.引申词义分裂，分歧。
【记】两个人拿着rifle对打，因为他们之间有rift
【反】reconciliation（n 和解；顺从）
noun countable
■a large crack in the ground or in rock 裂缝；裂口；断裂
• The stream had cut a deep rift in the rock. 溪流在岩石上冲刷出一条很深的沟。
■a serious disagreement which separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing （人际关系的）裂痕；分歧，不和
• The marriage caused a rift between the brothers and they didn't speak to each other for ten years. 这桩婚姻致使兄弟之间的关系出现裂痕，彼此十年都没有说话。
n. [木] 裂缝；不和；裂口
 - crack, split
vt. [地质] 使断裂；使分开
 - separate, unhinge
vi. 裂开
 - gap, seam, spring off

Word: curfew
Front: curfew
[ˈkɜ:fju:] (宝 10454/12844 -2)
Vocabulary: curfew
(once / 4436 pages)
n
Curfew is a rule or law that sets a time that certain people have to be off the streets. A town may set a curfew for teenagers, for example, although many parents impose a stricter curfew for their own kids.
Historically, a curfew was signaled by the ringing of a bell meant to alert residents that it was time to put out their hearth fires. The word curfew comes from an Old French word cuevrefeu, "cover fire," cuevre meaning to cover, and feu meaning fire. Over time, curfew has come to refer to getting people off the streets at night and into their homes, often during times of civil unrest.
WORD FAMILY
curfew: curfews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty years later callers described officers assembling at Tompkins Square Park just before a melee with people protesting a curfew there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Officials also imposed a curfew starting on Saturday that prohibited street traffic at night.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
He’s carved a straightedge lifestyle that bans drinking alcohol, keeps a healthy diet and a curfew of about 9 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 宵禁，戒严; 晚钟，晚钟时刻
分布：宵禁(100%)
→来自古法语cuevrefeu, 来自cuevr, 同cover,遮盖，feu, 同focus, 火，火炉，焦点。
【记】cur＝curr跑，few少：跑动的人变得少了，因为实行宵禁了。Cur（n 流氓）few少了－宵禁
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a rule that everyone must stay at home between particular times, usually at night, especially during a war or a period of political trouble （尤指战争或政治动荡时期实行的）宵禁，戒严
• to impose / lift a curfew 实行／取消戒严
• a midnight curfew 午夜宵禁
• He was shot for breaking (= not obeying) the curfew. 他因违反宵禁令而遭到枪击。
• You'll be in trouble if you get home after curfew. 如果你戒严后回家会遇到麻烦的。

Word: tattered
Front: tattered
[ˈtætəd] (宝 10444/15650 -1)
Vocabulary: tattered
(once / 1636 pages)
adj
If something's tattered, it's worn ragged. You'll understand tattered if your dress has been dragging under your car for the last 100 miles. It will be a tattered mess.
Tattered often applies to clothes. If you're a nice guy, you might give your coat to the homeless man with the coat that's so tattered it's threadbare and see-through. You can also use tattered figuratively, for something that's in shambles, like the tattered reputation you would have if you embezzled from your grandmother. The word tattered comes from Middle English, from a time when people wore clothing with decorative slashes, and apparently tatter originally meant "a scrap of cloth."
WORD FAMILY
tattered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tattered sheets and underwear were flapping on a clothesline a few feet from his patio tables.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Over the decades, many of the animal and human figures became tattered, faded or broken.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His small apartment in an East Harlem walk-up is filled with tattered pictures of Che Guevara and Castro.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 破烂的，衣衫褴褛的
v. 扯碎，撕碎( tatter的过去式和过去分词)
分布：破烂的(86%)，衣服褴褛的(7%)，动词tatter的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
→来自 tatter,破衣烂衫。
US ['tæ.ɚd] adjective
■(especially of cloth or paper) badly torn （尤指布料或纸张）被撕毁的；破烂不堪的
• The flag was tattered and threadbare. 这面旗破烂陈旧。
• a tattered old letter 一封撕烂了的旧信
adj. 破烂的，衣衫褴褛的
 - duddy, raggedy

Word: courtship
Front: courtship
[ˈkɔ:tʃɪp] (托 10459/12293 -1)
Vocabulary: courtship
(once / 1607 pages)
n
A courtship is a period in a romantic couple's relationship when they are dating. Most partners go through a courtship before deciding to get married.
Courtship is an old-fashioned word, assuming that two people who love each other will eventually get married. If your uncle and aunt only met a few weeks before their wedding, you can say they had a brief courtship — and if you have friends who aren't married but have been together for years, you could describe their decades-long courtship. The word is indeed old-fashioned, from the 16th century when it meant "paying court to a woman with intention of marriage."
WORD FAMILY
courtship: courtships
USAGE EXAMPLES
His hostility to China is consistent with the neocon agenda, as is his courtship of Russia, which serves fossil fuel industry interests as well.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
They were two hard-charging senators who were both aggressive in their courtship of the media.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Morgan’s signing with Lyon also ends a public and sometimes bizarre courtship of her by the Lyon president, Jean-Michel Aulas.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 求爱期，追求期; 求爱，求婚; [动]求偶（现象）
分布：求爱(78%)，求婚(16%)，求爱时期(6%)
→来自court, 宫廷。原指侍臣对君主的态度，后词义外延不断扩大。
US ['kɔ:rt-] old-fashioned or formal
noun countable or uncountable
■the time when people have a romantic relationship with the intention of getting married 求爱期；恋爱期
• They had a passionate courtship and a long, loving marriage. 他们经历了轰轰烈烈的恋爱及长久恩爱的婚姻。
n. 求爱；求婚；求爱期
 - Passionate Proposing, marriage proposal

Word: swell
Front: swell
[swel] (高研四六托雅宝 4867/5534 -K2)
Vocabulary: swell
(once / 143 pages)
1vn 2v 3vn 4adj 5n
To swell is to expand or grow larger. If your brother's face started to swell after he ate lobster for the first time, you'd probably guess that he's allergic to shellfish.
You can use the word swell to describe what happens to an injured body part, like a black eye that swells up, or in a figurative way, to describe a feeling of fullness, like when your heart swells with pride at your sister's big music performance. In the 1930s, swell became a popular slang term meaning great or excellent. But it also can describe a wealthy, elegant person, like a group of swells at a fancy restaurant.
WORD FAMILY
swell: swelled, swellest, swelling, swellingly, swells, swollen +/swelled: swelleder/swelling: swellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He peered up at the mess caused by the swollen substance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials say anyone with symptoms should not attend school until five days after their glands swell.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Six-foot tall in her heels, she lifted a finger and prodded my swollen cheek.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 增强; 肿胀; 膨胀; 充满（激情）
n. 汹涌; 重要人士; （尤指身体部位）凸起的形状; 声音渐强
adj. 极好的; 了不起的; 非常棒的
时态：swelled, swollen, swelling, swells
分布：膨胀(59%)，肿胀(21%)，增大(8%)，汹涌(5%)，一流的(4%)，时髦的(3%)
→来自古英语 swellan,膨胀，鼓起，来自 Proto-Germanic*swelnan,膨胀，可能来自 swel,照 耀，照射，使发热，词源同 swelter.引申诸相关词义。
n./v.肿胀;膨胀;增大;增加;Spell smell! Very well, the well-being for human being will swell.拼写气味(一词)!很好,人类的福利将会膨胀.
【记】s死，well（n 井）：死在井里面，身体被泡得膨胀。
verb (swelled, swollen or swelled)
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount 肿胀，肿，膨胀
• It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up). 她的脚趾显然已经骨折，因为它开始肿胀了。
• Twenty-five employees have joined the union in this month alone, swelling its ranks (= increasing its size) to 110. 仅这个月就有25位员工加入工会，使工会的人数增加到110人。
• literary His heart/breast swelled with pride (= He felt very proud) as he stood watching his son graduate. 当他站在那里观看儿子的毕业典礼时，心中充满自豪。
intransitive
■If music swells, it becomes louder. （声音）变大，增大，变响亮
[swel] noun only singular
WAVES 波涛
■the slow up and down movement of the sea with large but smooth waves （缓慢的）波涛起伏
⇒ See also groundswell
[swel] noun only singular
SOUND 声音
■an increase in sound produced by a musical instrument or instruments 音量的增大
[swel] adjective US old-fashioned informal
■very good or pleasant 极好的
• That's a swell idea! 那个主意好极了！
[swel] adverb US old-fashioned informal
■very well 极好地，非常顺利地
• Everything's going real swell. 一切都很顺利。
vi. 膨胀；肿胀；隆起
 - fill, intumesce
vt. 使膨胀；使隆起
 - expand, plim
n. 肿胀；隆起
 - tumefaction, tumidness
adj. 漂亮的；一流的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute

Word: rendition
Front: rendition
[renˈdɪʃn] (托宝 10446/19653 -1)
Vocabulary: rendition
(once / 5155 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A rendition is an interpretation, performance, or translation. Whitney Houston's rendition of the Star Spangled Banner is still used at games today; Roseanne Barr's is not.
This word comes from the Old French rendre, which means “to deliver, yield.” So if you want to put your spin on a song or poem or your favorite movie monologue, go ahead and deliver your rendition of it. But know that in modern times this word has also been used as a noun, describing the secret capture and interrogation of a terror suspect in a foreign country that has less strict human rights laws.
WORD FAMILY
rendition: renditions+/ render: rendered, rendering, renders, rendition / rendering: renderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friends fondly recalled him as an expert orchestrator of parties who sometimes entertained guests with his renditions of Scott Joplin rags and Cole Porter standards.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His fastidious, historically sensitive renditions of Bach’s unaccompanied suites were widely acclaimed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He opened the show with this exuberant rendition of “Freedom! ’
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 演奏; 翻译; 给予; 引渡逃奴
分布：演奏(56%)，翻译(30%)，解释(7%)，投降(7%)
→来自 render,表达，表演，-t,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
给予;移交(rend给+dit给+ion_给出_→给予参考;render给予)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
给予提供(rend+ition)[rend=givee,表示"给"]
N-COUNT
(剧本、诗歌或音乐作品的)演出，表演，演绎
A rendition of a play, poem, or piece of music is a performance of it.
例：The musicians burst into a rousing rendition of 'Paddy Casey's Reel'.这些音乐家激情演绎了《帕迪·凯西的里尔舞曲》。
n. 译文；演奏；提供；引渡逃奴
 - version, translation, playing, offering

Word: orgasm
Front: orgasm
[ˈɔ:gæzəm] (10463/15677 -1)
Vocabulary: orgasm
(once / 11016 pages)
n
An orgasm is a moment of intense pleasure that is the culmination of sex. People really enjoy orgasms.
A man or a woman gets an orgasm during sex, and it doesn't really matter what kind of sex. Even solo sex — masturbation — produces orgasms. People like orgasms so much that when they enjoy something else — like good music — they sometimes say they had an eargasm. A great movie could bring a fangasm. A vulgar, slang way of saying someone is orgasming is to say they're coming or cumming.
WORD FAMILY
orgasm: orgasms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s an appropriate finale for a film in which the sexually frustrated main characters all seek to achieve orgasm.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Abbie gives Jamie some feminist texts to read, from which he learns, among other things, about the nature of the female orgasm.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Other lessons from this podcast Russian-doll-style dildos can cure vaginismus; having cold feet can help to delay an orgasm.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 极端的兴奋; [医]情欲亢进; 性高潮
分布：性高潮(98%)，兴奋的极点(2%)
→来自希腊语orgasmos,兴奋，膨胀，来自wrog,激增，膨胀。引申词义性兴奋，性高潮。
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■the moment of greatest pleasure and excitement in sexual activity 性高潮
• to have an orgasm 出现性高潮
• to achieve/reach orgasm 达到性高潮
n. [生理] 性高潮；极度兴奋
 - big O, fever pitch

Word: objectivity
Front: objectivity
[ˌɒbdʒek'tɪvətɪ] (10485/9160)
Vocabulary: objectivity
(once / 10102 pages)
n
Objectivity is a noun that means a lack of bias, judgment, or prejudice. Maintaining one's objectivity is the most important job of a judge.
The meaning of objectivity is easy to remember, when you see that the word "object" embedded within it. While it can be hard to show objectivity about people or pets, it's easy to be more "objective" about objects. I can show objectivity about a box of rocks; it's much harder to show it with my dog. The opposite of objectivity is "subjectivity," which is personal bias or opinion.
WORD FAMILY
objectivity: objectivities+/ objective: nonobjective, objectively, objectiveness, objectives, objectivity, unobjective/unobjective: unobjectively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The protocol brings some objectivity into the discussion.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Objectivity was overshadowed by denial, and the research institution’s “not clearly hereditary” phrase gave me permission to start a new chapter without caution.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
These narratives and others like them align the act of doubting women with rationality and objectivity, making them feel legitimate.
Salon(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 客观性，客观现实
分布：客观(59%)，客观性(41%)
N-COUNT
目的；目标；宗旨
Your objective is what you are trying to achieve.
例：Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well...我们的主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。
例：His objective was to play golf and win.他的目标是参加高尔夫球比赛并赢得胜利。
ADJ
（信息）客观的，基于事实的
Objective information is based on facts.
例：He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.他没有客观证据表明正在发生什么不同寻常之事。
ADJ-GRADED
（观点）客观的，不带个人感情的，没有个人偏见的
If someone is objective, they base their opinions on facts rather than on their personal feelings.
例：I believe that a journalist should be completely objective...我认为新闻记者不应当有丝毫偏见。
例：I would really like to have your objective opinion on this.我很想听听你对此事的客观见解。
n. 客观；客观性
 - outwardness, unemotionality

Word: undecided
Front: undecided
[ˌʌndɪˈsaɪdɪd] (10481/13866 -1)
Back: adj. 未解决; 未确定; （天气等）不稳定的; 犹豫不定
分布：未下决心的(50%)，未做决定的(50%)
未决定的(un+decided决定的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
■If you are undecided, you have not yet made a decision or judgment about something 未拿定主意的，犹豫不决的
• Are you still undecided about the job in Brussels? 对布鲁塞尔的那份工作你还在犹豫吗？
• 54% of voters were in favour, 30% against, and the rest were undecided. 54%的投票者赞成，30%的反对，其余的还在观望。
■not decided or finished 未决定的；未完成的
• The whole question is still undecided. 整个问题仍然悬而未决。
adj. 未定的；未决定的；不稳定的
 - unstable, volatile

Word: gracefully
Front: gracefully
['ɡreɪsfəlɪ] (10468/14101)
Back: adv. 优美地; 优雅地; 雅致地; 温文地
分布：优美地(67%)，斯文地(33%)
【反】flounder（v 挣扎；笨重移动）－act gracefully（优雅地行动）
ADJ-GRADED
优美的;优雅的
Someone or something that is graceful moves in a smooth and controlled way which is attractive to watch.
例：His movements were so graceful they seemed effortless.他的动作优美自如，看起来毫不费劲。
例：...graceful ballerinas.优雅的芭蕾舞女演员
ADJ-GRADED
优美的；动人的；雅致的
Something that is graceful is attractive because it has a pleasing shape or style.
例：A graceful medieval cathedral...典雅的中世纪大教堂
例：His handwriting, from earliest young manhood, was flowing and graceful.他的字从小就写得流畅优美。
ADJ-GRADED
优雅的；得体的；有风度的
If a person's behaviour is graceful, it is polite, kind, and pleasant, especially in a difficult situation.
例：Aubrey could think of no graceful way to escape Corbet's company...奥布里想不出有什么得体的办法能摆脱科比特。
例：He was charming, cheerful, and graceful under pressure.他在重压之下依然开朗迷人，风度优雅。
adv. 优雅地；温文地
 - refinedly, fairily

Word: slick
Front: slick
[slɪk] (宝 7846/14127 -2)
Vocabulary: slick
(once / 1298 pages)
1adjnv 2adj 3n 4n 5n
Slick means smooth or slippery, but it can also describe a smooth, effortless style. How did that Girl Scout talk you into buying so many boxes of cookies? It must have been her slick sales pitch.
A great salesman is often described as slick — he or she seems more like a friend than someone trying to sell you something. Things that are smooth and glossy can also be called slick, like the surface of a glass table or an icy patch on the sidewalk. Slick is also a verb, meaning "to smooth," like when you slick back your hair. The oldest meaning of slick is shiny, and in the 1620s, it was even the name of a kind of cosmetic.
WORD FAMILY
slick: slicked, slicker, slickest, slicking, slickly, slickness, slicks+/slicker: slickers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mr. Braith’s mosaic, he is clad in a slick red blazer and carrying his signature Braithophone, alto and soprano saxophones melded into one.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From Bournemouth’s point of view it was brilliantly worked, full of slick passing and fluid movement that encapsulates what Eddie Howe’s side are all about.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He owns a slick Canon, a Leica manual rangefinder and, as of Christmas, a Polaroid.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 光滑的; 熟练的，灵巧的; 机灵的，聪明的; 华而不实的
n. 光滑之处; [机]平滑器; [机]修光工具; 一层浮油
vt. 使光滑，使光亮; 使美观; 使齐整; 占…的便宜
adv. 灵活地; 聪明地; 熟练地，巧妙地
时态：slicked, slicking, slicks
分布：光滑的(76%)，海面浮油(14%)，使平滑(5%)，顺利地(5%)
→来自古英语-slician,使光滑，来自 Proto-Germanic*slikana,滑动，来自 sleig,滑动，来自 slei,滑的，词源同 slime,slip.引申诸相关词义。
【记】s死，lick（v 舔）：舔粗糙的东西容易流血而死，所以还是舔光滑的东西。Slice是slick的。
【反】viscid（adj 粘的；粘质的）
adjective
■operating or performing skilfully and effectively, without problems and without seeming to need effort 熟练自如的，娴熟的
• Manilow gave the slick, polished performance that we've come to expect. 正如我们所期望的那样，马尼洛的表演挥洒自如、技艺精湛。
• A slick pass from Eaves to Brinkworth set up the goal. 布林克沃斯接伊夫斯的妙传射门成功。
■disapproving
■skilful and effective but with no sincerity or value 油滑的，华而不实的
• It's that sort of slick sales talk that I mistrust. 那种油腔滑调的推销宣传正是我所不相信的。
[slɪk] noun countable
OIL 油
■an oil slick
[slɪk] noun countable
MAGAZINE 杂志 US for glossy magazine
[slɪk] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to cause hair to be smooth and close to the head by brushing it flat, often using a substance to make it stick 使（头发）光滑，使亮滑
• He'd slicked his hair back with gel and he was wearing a new suit. 他抹了发胶将头发向后梳平整，穿上了一套新西装。
adj. 光滑的；华而不实的；聪明的；熟练的；老套的
 - intelligent, experienced, smooth, skilled, wise
n. [机] 平滑器；修光工具；通俗杂志
 - smoother, soother
adv. 灵活地；聪明地
 - flexibly, agilely
vt. 使光滑；使漂亮
 - smooth
vi. 打扮整洁
 - sleek

Word: Kuwaiti
Front: Kuwaiti
[kʊ'weɪti] (10528/13401)
Back: adj. 科威特的；科威特人的
n. 科威特；科威特人
分布：科威特的(67%)，科威特人(33%)
US [ku:'weɪ.tˌi] noun countable adjective
■Kuwaiti 科威特人／科威特的

Word: encyclopedia
Front: encyclopedia
[ɪnˌsaɪklə'pi:dɪə] (研托雅宝 10470/20611 -1)
Vocabulary: encyclopedia
(once / 3197 pages)
n
An encyclopedia is a reference work designed to cover all branches and topics of knowledge. We might describe someone who seems to know everything as a "walking encyclopedia."
Encyclopedia comes the Greek words for "comprehensive" (cyclo) and "education" (pedia). The first encyclopedias were books (usually in many volumes), but now we have online and electronic encyclopedias. This reference is usually organized alphabetically and covers as many topics as possible. If you're doing research, the encyclopedia is a good place to start.
WORD FAMILY
encyclopedia: encyclopedias, encyclopedism+/encyclopedism: encyclopedist/encyclopedist: encyclopedists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Often she recognizes voices imperfectly, offering up weird deep cuts from her encyclopedias, selecting an obscure concept that resembles your question only in sound.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“I think it’s that one encyclopedia we’ve all been waiting for,” said Rob Kaufelt, president and owner of Murray’s Cheese, a vendor in New York.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s as if Mr. Mills were riffling through an encyclopedia, searching for the perfect entry, which he’s creating before your eyes.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 百科全书
na. “encyclopaedia”的变体
分布：百科全书(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。-cycle, 圈。-ped, 小孩，教育，词源同few, pedagogy,pedophilia.原指教育小孩的通识教育丛书，后指百科全书。
n.(encyclopaedia)百科全书That encyclopedia is in twenty volumes.那套百科全书有二十卷.
(also encyclopaedia) [ɪnˌsaɪ.klə'pi:.di.ə] noun countable
■a book or set of books containing many articles arranged in alphabetical order which deal either with the whole of human knowledge or with a particular part of it 百科全书；（某一学科的）百科全书，大全
• The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language 剑桥语言百科全书
n. 百科全书
 - cyclopaedia

Word: preseason
Front: preseason
[pri:'si:zn] (10451/-)
Back: adj. 活跃季节前的，旺季前的
分布：旺季前的(56%)，活跃季节前的(44%)

Word: shortfall
Front: shortfall
[ˈʃɔ:tfɔ:l] (六 10472/8933 -1)
Back: n. 缺少; 不足之数; 亏空
分布：不足(79%)，差额(21%)
US ['ʃɔ:rt.fɑ:l] noun countable
■an amount which is less than the level that was expected or needed 不足之数；缺口；差额
• The drought caused serious shortfalls in the food supply. 干旱造成了严重的粮食供应短缺。
n. 差额；缺少
 - poverty, apart from

Word: Pentagon

Word: cellphone
Front: cellphone
[ˈselfəʊn] (10445/42678 -K)
Back: n. 蜂窝式便携无线电话，大哥大; 手机
分布：手机(99%)，便携无线电话(1%)
US [-foʊn] US (also cellular phone)
noun countable
■a mobile phone
n. 蜂窝式便携无线电话；大哥大
 - mobile telephone

Word: progressively
Front: progressively
[prəˈgresɪvli] (10474/6595)
Back: adv. 前进地，日益增加地; 逐步
分布：渐进地(50%)，逐渐地(25%)，前进地(25%)
adverb
■gradually 逐渐地
• My eyesight has got progressively worse over the years. 这些年来我的视力越来越差了。

Word: pen
Front: pen
[pen] (中高宝 3583/3020 -K3)
Vocabulary: pen
(once / 140 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A pen is an ink-filled tool that you use for writing or drawing. Doing a crossword puzzle with a pen shows a lot of self confidence, since you can't erase your answers.
Pen is also a verb meaning "to write," especially when you're writing something of literary value: "She's my favorite writer — I can't wait for her to pen another novel!" Then there's the pen that you keep your pet donkey safely inside (you can also say you pen him in there), and inspired by this "livestock enclosure" meaning there's also the slang for "penitentiary" or "jail."
WORD FAMILY
pen: penned, penning, pens+/penning: pennings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her desk hosts an ever-expanding array of pens, pencils and markers.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Zhang told the activist he would need to pen “a self-criticism” in which he confessed to a series of crimes.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Marine Le Pen, leader of France’s National Front, is still not the favorite to win her country’s upcoming presidential elections.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 笔，笔尖; 笔法，文笔; 作家; 围栏
vt. 写; 把…关入栏中; 关押，囚禁
时态：penned, penning, pens
分布：笔(62%)，钢笔(26%)，写(9%)，写作(1%)，围栏(1%)，雌天鹅(1%)
→来自拉丁语penna,羽毛，翎，来自petna,展开，翅膀，来自*pet,展开，词源同feather,compete.原指鸟翎制成的笔，后词义通用化。拼写比较pan,patella.pen 围栏，畜栏
n.钢笔,圆珠笔,作家,围栏vt.写,关入栏中With one penny I had this peculiar pen opened.我花了一便士让人把这支奇特的钢笔打开了.
【记】源于pen鹅毛笔－雌天鹅
noun countable
WRITING DEVICE 书写工具
 ESSENTIAL
■a long thin object used for writing or drawing with ink （用墨水的）笔
• a fountain/ballpoint/felt-tip pen 自来水／原子／签字笔
• Don't write in (= using a) pen, or you won't be able to rub out any mistakes you make. 不要用钢笔写，否则写错就擦不掉了。
[pen] noun countable
ENCLOSED SPACE 圈起的空间
■a small area surrounded by a fence, especially one in which animals are kept （尤指饲养动物的）圈，栏
• a sheep/pig pen 羊／猪圈
⇒ See also playpen US slang for
■ penitentiary
• He served nine years in the state pen. 他在州立监狱服刑九年。
[pen] noun countable
The pen is mightier than the sword. saying
■said to emphasize that thinking and writing have more influence on people and events than the use of force or violence 笔诛胜于剑伐；文胜于武。
[pen] noun countable
put / set pen to paper
■to start to write 开始写，动笔
• It's time you put pen to paper and replied to that letter from your mother. 该动笔给你妈妈回信了。
[pen] verb transitive (-nn-) formal
■to write something 写
• She penned a note of thanks to her hostess. 她写了一封感谢信给女主人。
[pen] verb transitive (-nn-) formal
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] pen sb in/up
■to keep people or animals in a small area 把…圈起来；把…关起来
• The sheep were penned in behind the barn. 羊群被圈在谷仓后面。
• The soldiers were penned up in their barracks. 士兵被关在军营里。
n. 钢笔；作家；围栏
 - writer, author, rail
vt. 写；关入栏中
 - write on

Word: melting
Front: melting
[ˈmeltɪŋ] (10465/11338)
Back: adj. 熔化的; 融化的; 溶解的; 混合的
v. （使）融[溶，熔]化( melt的现在分词 ); 溶解; （使）消散，消失; （使）软化，变得温柔
分布：融化的(93%)，动词melt的现在分词.(7%)
→比喻用法。
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■describes a look or voice which makes you feel sympathy or love （指神情或嗓音）令人同情的；惹人怜爱的
adj. 融化的；溶解的；动人的；感伤的
 - affecting, moving
v. 融化（melt的ing形式）
 - thawing

Word: admirable
Front: admirable
[ˈædmərəbl] (高托 10469/8547 -2)
Vocabulary: admirable
(once / 206 pages)
adj
Someone who deserves your admiration can be described as admirable. Your friend who saves homeless kittens in his spare time? An admirable person.
An action can be admirable, like when you stop to help someone who's slipped and fallen on an icy sidewalk. A person can also be admirable, like your uncle who works building schools in Sri Lanka. If you admire someone for a good reason, that makes them admirable, or deserving of your respect and admiration. When you pronounce admirable, you stress the first syllable, ad, unlike admire, which has the emphasis on the last syllable, mire.
WORD FAMILY
admirable: admirability, admirableness, admirablest, admirably+/ admiration: admirations/ admire: admirable, admiration, admired, admirer, admires, admiring/ admirer: admirers/admiring: admiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gerstein’s recording is an admirable achievement, but it does not quite transcend Liszt’s keyboard acrobatics to reach a higher plane of musical expression.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Ms. Merkel’s response to the refugee crisis was admirable, but sustainability, especially political sustainability, of the policy must now be the objective.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It is a scam admirable for its complexity, if not its morality.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人钦佩的; 极好的，绝妙的; 值得赞扬的; 可贵
分布：令人钦佩的(90%)，令人赞赏的(10%)
【记】admire（v 赞美；羡慕）
adjective
■deserving respect or approval 可钦佩的；值得羡慕的；令人赞赏的
• I think you showed admirable tact/restraint/self-control in your answer. 我认为你在回答问题时表现出的机敏／克制／自控令人敬佩。
• The police did an admirable job in keeping the fans calm. 警方在控制球迷的激动情绪方面表现可嘉。
adj. 令人钦佩的；极好的；值得赞扬的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great

Word: satire
Front: satire
[ˈsætaɪə(r)] (研托宝 10491/15167 -1)
Vocabulary: satire
(once / 349 pages)
n
Satire is a way of making fun of people by using silly or exaggerated language. Politicians are easy targets for satire, especially when they're acting self-righteous or hypocritical.
Even though the ridiculous language of satire isn't intended to be taken seriously, well-made satire can use mockery to get at more serious truths. Sometimes satire can even overtake reality: when the television sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live presented a mock debate between Al Gore and George W. Bush during the 2000 presidential campaign season, the satire was so dead-on that it influenced the way people thought of the candidates.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
irony / satire / sarcasm
Irony, satire, and sarcasm all fall into the category of, "That's funny but I'm not sure what my English teacher wants me to call it."
Irony describes situations that are strange or funny because things happen in a way that seems to be the opposite of what you expected. Note the "opposite" here. If an expectation is black, then an ironic outcome would be white, not off-white or gray. Here are some clear examples.
Bill Hillmann, the author of multiple books about how to not get gored by bulls was the only non-Spaniard to get gored in the 2014 running of the bulls in Pamplona. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
The Business Software Alliance is an an anti-piracy agency that used to pay people to report unlicensed content on the internet. The group has been caught using a "stolen" photo in one of their ads to attract new snitches on Facebook. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
Satire means making fun of people by imitating them in ways that expose their stupidity or flaws.
In 2000, Saturday Night Live's satire of what happened in the [presidential] campaign became the conventional wisdom for what was going on in the campaign. (The Observer)
The late-night talk and news satire is scheduled to return with new episodes in February. (Los Angeles Times)
As with satire, sarcasm depends on the listener or reader to be in on the joke. Sarcasm is insincere speech. Your mom asks if you're excited to start cleaning the kitchen and you say, "Yeah, right," when you mean "Heck no." Take this exchange from The Hunger Games.
"What about you? I've seen you in the market. You can lift hundred pound bags of flour," I snap at him.
"Yes and I'm sure the arena will be full of bags of flour for me to chuck at people."
To distinguish irony from satire and sarcasm, remember that irony pertains to situations while satire and sarcasm are forms of expression. People make satire and sarcasm happen. Irony is just there.
WORD FAMILY
satire: satires, satiric, satirical, satirise, satirist, satirize +/ satirical: satirically/satirise: satirised, satirises, satirising/satirist: satirists/ satirize: satirized, satirizes, satirizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe that’s the role of satire: The life you’re cringing at may very well be your own.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Fry’s film is a sly satire that still resonates today.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
At the heart of this 1885 operetta by the librettist William Gilbert and the composer Arthur Sullivan is a satire skewering British bureaucratic zeal.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 讽刺; 讽刺文学; 讽刺作品
分布：讽刺(95%)，讽刺文(5%)
→来自拉丁语 satira,讽刺作品，混杂诗，来自 lanx satura,满盘，杂盘，各种水果混在一起的盘 子，来自 lanx,盘子，词源同 balance,satura,满的，饱和的，阴性格于 satur,满的，饱和的，词 源同 saturate,使饱和。比喻用法，后词义通俗化为讽刺，讥讽。
n.讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品There is something satire in his words.他的话语里有点讽刺的意味.
【记】sa三，tire轮胎：三个轮胎的汽车，用来讽刺汽车的质量。
US [-aɪr] noun countable or uncountable
■a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, or a piece of writing or play which uses this style 讽刺，讥讽；讽刺作品
• political satire 政治讽刺
• Her play was a biting/cruel satire on life in the 80s. 她的剧作是对80年代生活的辛辣讽刺。
n. 讽刺；讽刺文学，讽刺作品
 - hit, sarcasm

Word: biomass
Front: biomass
[ˈbaɪəʊmæs] (10431/17897)
Vocabulary: biomass
(once / 26621 pages)
n
Biomass is plant or animal waste that's used as fuel.
Biomass breaks down to bio, or living, and mass, or weight. You can use biomass as a technical term for the total mass of living stuff in a particular area, like the biomass of Kansas, or the biomass of your kid brother's room (yuck). We frequently use biomass to talk about natural material that can be used as fuel, like cow dung, which burns as well as coal.
WORD FAMILY
biomass
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cutting down trees to produce so-called biomass energy also reduces a forest’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
In terms of biomass, the insects greatly exceeded migratory birds in Britain.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
The project includes more than 60 energy efficiency and infrastructure upgrade projects, including a new biomass boiler system and chip storage building.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （单位面积或体积内）生物的数量
分布：生物量(99%)，用作燃料的植物或动物废弃物(1%)
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable specialized
■dead plant and animal material suitable for using as fuel 生物质能（指适合作燃料使用的死亡的动植物有机体）
• biomass fuel/energy 生质燃料／生质能源
■the total amount of living things in a particular area 生物量

Word: victimization
Front: victimization
[ˌvɪktɪmaɪ'zeɪʃn] (10460/29194)
Back: n. 牺牲，欺骗; 害人
分布：牺牲(59%)，欺骗(41%)
VERB
迫害;使受害;使受苦
If someone is victimized, they are deliberately treated unfairly.
例：He felt the students had been victimized because they'd voiced opposition to the government.他觉得学生们受到迫害是因为他们表达了对政府的不满。
n. 牺牲；欺骗
 - fraud, sacrifice

Word: dues
Front: dues
[du:s] (托 10492/11943)
Back: n. 税，应付款，该缴之款; 应有的权利，应得到的东西( due的名词复数 ); 应缴款（如俱乐部会费）; 会费
分布：会费(98%)，名词due的复数形式.(2%)
PREP-PHRASE
由于;因为
If an event is due to something, it happens or exists as a direct result of that thing.
例：The country's economic problems are largely due to the weakness of the recovery...该国的经济问题很大程度上是因为复苏乏力。
例：If the trip is a success, a lot of this will be due to Mr Green's efforts.如果说这次旅行获得了成功,那很大程度上要归功于格林先生的努力。
PREP-PHRASE
由于,因为(构成原因状语,有些英语国家的人认为该用法不正确)
You can say due to to introduce the reason for something happening. Some speakers of English believe that it is not correct to use due to in this way.
例：Due to the large volume of letters he receives Dave regrets he is unable to answer queries personally...因信件数量繁多,戴夫无法亲自答复提出的问题，他为此表示歉意。
例：Jobs could be lost in the defence industry due to political changes sweeping Europe.因横扫欧洲的政治变故,国防行业中有些人可能会失业。
ADJ
到期的;预期的;预定到达的
If something is due at a particular time, it is expected to happen, be done, or arrive at that time.
例：The results are due at the end of the month...预计月底会有结果。
例：The first price increases are due to come into force in July...第一批提价预计将在7月开始执行。
ADJ
适当的;适合的;充分的
Due attention or consideration is the proper, reasonable, or deserved amount of it under the circumstances.
例：After due consideration it was decided to send him away to live with foster parents...充分考虑之后决定将他送到养父母那儿生活。
例：I do hope that people will make use of footpaths and treat them with due attention that is needed.我真希望人们使用人行道并给予应有的关注。
ADJ
应有的;应得的;应得到的
Something that is due, or that is due to someone, is owed to them, either as a debt or because they have a right to it.
例：I was sent a cheque for £1,525 and advised that no further pension was due...我收到了一张 1,525 英镑的支票，并被告知我应得的养老金到此为止。
例：I've got some leave due to me and I was going to Tasmania for a fortnight.我打算利用应享有的假期去塔斯马尼亚呆两周。
ADJ
(期待很长时间后)预期应得的,预计应到的
If someone is due for something, that thing is planned to happen or be given to them now, or very soon, often after they have been waiting for it for a long time.
例：The deputy chief inspector rang me up and said, 'Miss Smith, you know you are due for a move?'...副总督察给我打电话说,“史密斯小姐,你知道你要搬家了吗？”
例：He is not due for release until 2020.他要到 2020 年才能被释放。
N-PLURAL
会（员）费
Dues are sums of money that you give regularly to an organization that you belong to, for example a social club or trade union, in order to pay for being a member.
例：Only 18 of the UN's 180 members had paid their dues by the January deadline.在一月最后期限前联合国 180 个成员国只有 18 个缴纳了会费。
ADV
(用在north，south，east或west前表示方向)正
Due is used before the words 'north', 'south', 'east', or 'west' to indicate that something is in exactly the direction mentioned.
例：They headed due north...他们朝正北方向行进了。
例：The Thames flows due south from Oxford, through the market town of Abingdon.泰晤士河从牛津向正南方向流去，穿过阿宾顿的集镇。
PHRASE
在适当的时候;到一定的时候
If you say that something will happen or take place in due course, you mean that you cannot make it happen any quicker and it will happen when the time is right for it.
例：In due course the baby was born...婴儿足月降生了。
例：The arrangements will be published in due course.计划将在适当的时候公布。
PHRASE
给…以应有的评价;公道地对待…
You can say 'to give him his due', or 'giving him his due' when you are admitting that there are some good things about someone, even though there are things that you do not like about them.
例：To give Linda her due, she had tried to encourage John in his school work.说句公道话,琳达努力规劝过约翰要好好学习。
例：You can say 'with due respect' when you are about to disagree politely with someone.(发表不同意见前的谦语)恕我冒昧,恕我直言
tax, duty, tariff, assess, dues, impose
tax: 普通用词，指用各种不同方法向个人或单位征收所得税、房地产税等各种税款。侧重实际征收金钱。
duty: 责任
tariff: 关税
assess: 指一般情况下，征收房地产税、罚款或其它费用。
dues: 会费
impose: 指在决定个别案件中的处罚或罚款，尤指政府征收某种税收的决定。
n. 会费；手续费；税捐（due的复数）
 - commissions

Word: pride
Front: pride
[praɪd] (中高研四六托 2801/2878 -K3)
Vocabulary: pride
(once / 82 pages)
1nv 2n
The noun pride describes a feeling of happiness that comes from achieving something. When you do a good job or finish a difficult task, you feel pride. Pride can also have a negative meaning and refer to exceedingly high self-regard.
If you know someone with the negative kind of pride, you might notice that his pride makes it hard for people to like him. Pride can also refer to the standards you have for yourself — your dignity. For example, you might have too much pride to ask for help when you need it. Pride also acts as a verb meaning "be proud of." You might pride yourself on being punctual, or pride yourself on always having a daring, trendsetting haircut.
WORD FAMILY
pride: prided, prideful, prides, priding, self-pride+/ prideful: pridefully, pridefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
When we win, there is shared pride and a communal awareness that we are part of a unique fellowship.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s no secret that our culture today prides itself on the amount of work we put into our jobs.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Déon prided himself, he once said, on preserving “a certain anarchism of the right and a pessimism that strives for lucidity.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 自尊; 骄傲; 自满; （狮）群
vt. 以…而自豪， 得意于…
vi. 自豪，骄傲，得意
时态：prided, priding, prides
分布：骄傲(46%)，自豪(38%)，自尊心(15%)，以 ... 自豪(1%)
→来自proud的名词形式。比较同源词prude.
n.自豪;自满;引以自豪的东西v.使自豪He prides himself on his tailoring.他对自己的裁缝手艺而感到得意.
noun
SATISFACTION 满意
 IMPROVER uncountable
■a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction that you get because you or people connected with you have done or got something good 自豪，得意
• She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the award. 看着他接过那个奖她感到非常自豪。
• He felt such pride walking his little daughter down the street. 他陪着小女儿在街上走，感到非常自豪。
⇒ See also proud
take pride in sth/sb
■to feel very pleased about something or someone you are closely connected with 为…自豪，为…骄傲
• If you don't take professional pride in your work, you're probably in the wrong job. 如果你对自己的工作没有职业自豪感，那可能是入错了行。
[praɪd] noun
RESPECT FOR YOURSELF 自尊
 IMPROVER uncountable
■your feelings of your own worth and respect for yourself 自尊（心）
• She has too much pride to accept any help. 她自尊心太强，不肯接受任何帮助。
• The country's national pride has been dented (= damaged) by its sporting failures. 体育运动方面的失利使这个国家的民族自尊心受到了伤害。
[praɪd] noun
FEELING OF IMPORTANCE 感觉重要
uncountable disapproving
■the belief that you are better or more important than other people 自负，骄傲
• Pride was his downfall. 骄傲是他失败的原因。
⇒ See also proud
[praɪd] noun
LIONS 狮子
countable
■a group of lions 狮群
[praɪd] noun
be your pride and joy
■to be something or someone that is very important to you and that gives you a lot of pleasure 是（某人）的快乐和骄傲
• He spends hours cleaning that motorcycle - it's his pride and joy. 他会花上好几个小时擦洗那辆摩托车——那是他的快乐和骄傲。
[praɪd] noun
be the pride of somewhere/sth
■to be something or someone that a particular place or group of people is very proud of 是…的骄傲
• This village is the pride of East Sussex. 这个村庄是东苏塞克斯的骄傲。
[praɪd] noun
have / take pride of place
■to have the most important position in a group of things 占据最重要的地位
• A portrait of the earl takes pride of place in the entrance hall. 一幅伯爵的肖像挂在门厅最突出的位置上。
[praɪd] noun
Pride comes / goes before a fall. saying
■said to emphasize that if you are too confident about your abilities, something bad will happen which shows that you are not as good as you think 骄兵必败。
[praɪd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] pride yourself on sth
■to value a skill or good quality that you have 为…而自豪；对…引以为荣
• He prides himself on his loyalty to his friends. 他以自己对朋友的忠诚而自豪。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. 自豪；骄傲；自尊心
 - selfrespect, pretension
vt. 使得意，以…自豪
 - exalt
vi. 自豪
 - glory, be proud of

Word: extraction
Front: extraction
[ɪkˈstrækʃn] (六 10457/7879)
Vocabulary: extraction
(once / 2411 pages)
1n 2n
Extraction is the action of removing something. For example, when the dentist yanks out your rotten tooth, the extraction is complete!
In addition to this wince-inducing meaning, the noun extraction is the process of separating out something from a chemical mixture or compound. Take decaffeinated coffee — the caffeine is removed by extraction, so you've got science to thank for not being jittery after breakfast. Extraction can also refer to your family background. If you are of Greek extraction, for example, your family history can be traced back to Greece.
WORD FAMILY
extraction: extractions+/ extract: extractable, extracted, extractible, extracting, extraction, extractor, extracts/extractor: extractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
If these costs were included in the price of fossil-fuel extraction and consumption, the price would no longer be “right” for the exploitation of ANWR.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Across Tibetan parts of China, protests regularly erupt against mineral extraction, according to a 2015 report by Tibet Watch.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Egypt’s industrial sector is largely based on energy extraction and production, which employs relatively few people and fluctuates with oil prices.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 取出，抽出; 血统，家世，出身; [化]提取（法），萃取（法），回收物，提出物，精炼; [数]开方，求根
分布：抽出(36%)，拔出(28%)，血统(25%)，抽出物(11%)
提炼;抽出[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
noun
uncountable
■the process of removing something, especially by force （尤指用力的）拔出，提取
• The extraction of minerals has damaged the countryside. 采矿破坏了乡间的环境。
countable specialized
■the removal of a tooth 拔牙
• She had two extractions. 她拔掉了两只牙。
be of French/German/Chinese, etc. extraction
■to be from a family that originally came from another country 祖籍法国／德国／中国等
n. 取出； [化工] 抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身
 - birth, origin

Word: affidavit
Front: affidavit
[ˌæfəˈdeɪvɪt] (宝 10486/12889 -1)
Vocabulary: affidavit
(once / 2775 pages)
n
If you make a written statement to the police or another recognized authority like a notary public that you swear is the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, what you've put down on paper is an affidavit.
We get the noun affidavit from the Latin affidare, which means "to pledge." When you state something in an affidavit, you're pledging to the powers that be that you're not lying. The word usually appears in legal settings; if you watch a lot of cop shows or courtroom dramas, it probably rings a bell. "According to the affidavit, Mrs. Smith told police she found the burglar in her closet wearing her most expensive pair of shoes."
WORD FAMILY
affidavit: affidavits
USAGE EXAMPLES
The affidavit says Williams was shot in a bedroom of his home in the 3100 block of 20th Street SE.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In a detailed arrest affidavit filed in D.C.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
When the officer fired at the father, the bullet passed through his arm and struck his daughter, according to a police affidavit.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <法>宣誓口供; 宣誓书
分布：宣誓书(100%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。词根fid, 信任，见faith.
口供书;宣誓书(af一再+fid+avit表名词→一再发誓相信→宣誓书)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
宣誓书(af+fidav相信+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
【参】perfidy（n 不忠，背叛）；confidence（n 自信）
noun countable
■a written statement which someone makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth, and which might be used as proof in a court of law （法庭上作证用的）书面证词

Word: shy
Front: shy
[ʃaɪ] (中研四六托 4407/5301 -K2)
Vocabulary: shy
(once / 256 pages)
1adjv 2vnadj
Making small talk is not much fun for a shy person. Shy means being nervous or reserved around other people, especially in a social situation.
Someone who's extremely shy might blush or stammer when talking to a group of people. Shy can also mean "tending to avoid," like when someone is "camera shy," or if they "shy away" from being straightforward. The Old English root scēoh, "easily frightened," originally only referred to a horse, and came from a Germanic root meaning "scare."
WORD FAMILY
shy: shied, shier, shies, shiest, shyed, shyer, shyest, shying, shyly, shyness, shys+/shyness: shynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Butler was a point shy of his career high, which he got Jan. 14, 2016 at Philadelphia.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
By some counts the states are a half-dozen shy of the number needed to force a convention on that subject.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It is barely shy of the $400 million mark globally, Disney officials report.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 害羞的; 怕羞的; 害怕（做）; <美>缺乏的
vi. 惊退，畏缩; 避开（某人）; （用石子，球等）乱投
n. 投掷; （马）惊退，惊逸; 投扔，乱丢
时态：shied, shying, shies
分布：害羞的(69%)，腼腆的(24%)，胆怯的(7%)
→来自古英语 sceoh,害羞的，来自 Proto-Germanic*skiuhwaz,害羞的，畏惧的，可能来自 skeu, 隐藏，遮盖，词源同 hide,shun.shy 投掷，乱扔
a.怕羞的,腼腆的;胆怯的vi.惊退,畏缩The spy is shy of taking shelter on the shelf of the shell-like shed.间谍怕在壳子一样的棚里的架子上栖身.
adjective
NERVOUS 紧张
 IMPROVER (shyer, shyest)
■nervous and uncomfortable with other people 害羞的，羞怯的
• He was too shy to ask her to dance with him. 他太害羞了，不敢邀请她跳舞。
• She gave a shy smile. 她害羞地笑了一下。
• Children are often shy of/with people they don't know. 孩子们和不认识的人在一起时常常会害羞。
• The deer were shy (= unwilling to be near people) and hid behind some trees. 那些鹿怕人，都藏在树后。
[ʃaɪ] adjective
LESS 不足
[after noun]
■less than; lacking 不足的，缺乏的
• We're only £100 shy of the total amount. 我们离总数只差100英镑了。
[ʃaɪ] verb
HORSES 马
intransitive
■(of a horse) to suddenly move sideways or backwards, especially because of fear （马）受惊，惊退
• The horse shied at the fence. 马在栅栏前惊退。
• There's a lot of traffic on the road - I'm sure my horse is going to shy. 路上交通很拥挤——我敢肯定我的马会受惊。
[ʃaɪ] verb
THROW 扔
transitive usually + adverb or preposition old-fashioned informal
■to throw something suddenly, often in a sideways movement （常指向一侧）投掷，扔
• Two small boys were shying stones at a tree. 两个小男孩在朝一棵树扔石头。
[ʃaɪ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  shy away from sth
■to avoid something that you dislike, fear or do not feel confident about （因不喜欢、害怕或缺乏自信而）退缩，躲避，畏避
• I've never shied away from hard work. 我从未畏避过艰苦的工作。
adj. 害羞的；畏缩的，胆怯的
 - chicken, blate
vi. 投；畏缩；惊退；厌恶
 - cast, recoil from
vt. 投；乱掷
 - throw, cast, pitch
n. 投掷；惊跳
 - putting, cast, throw, jump

Word: bloody
Front: bloody
[ˈblʌdi] (研 4127/1763 -3)
Vocabulary: bloody
(once / 272 pages)
1adjv 2adjadv
Something that's bloody is stained or covered with blood, like a bloody nose. In British slang, bloody means something like “very.” That’s bloody brilliant!
Things that are literally bloody have blood on them or are made of blood. Figuratively bloody things, on the other hand, only imply blood — a bloody coup, for example, is a government overthrow that involves some amount of violence. To bloody something is to cover it in blood: "I will bloody your nose if you say that again!" It comes from the Old English blodig, from blod, or "blood."
WORD FAMILY
bloody: bloodied, bloodier, bloodies, bloodiest, bloodily, bloodiness, bloodying, unbloody+/ blood: blooded, blooding, bloodless, bloods, bloody /blooded: bloodedest, bloodedly/ bloodless: bloodlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Pet” is a modern-day fable of unchecked desire that descends quickly into a bloody, morbid cautionary tale.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
When the Americans recovered a bloody blanket outside one house, the woman who lived there pleaded ignorance.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Viewers are right above the limo looking down at Kennedy’s bloody head in Jackie’s lap, giving us a similar vantage to Jackie’s.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 血腥的，残忍的; 血一样的; 血染的; 嗜杀的，残忍的
adv. 非常，很
v. 血污，血染; 使流血
时态：bloodied, bloodying, bloodies
分布：血腥的(67%)，流血的(12%)，嗜杀的(11%)，使流血(10%)
a.流血的,血腥的This is bloody wonderful!就是非常好!
adjective [before noun] adverb mainly UK very informal
ANGER 生气
 ADVANCED
■used to express anger or to emphasize what you are saying in a slightly rude way 该死的；他妈
• I've had a bloody awful week. 我这个星期他妈糟透了。
• It's a bloody disgrace that some war widows don't get a decent pension. 有些因战争而守寡的妇女没有得到数额合理的抚恤金，这种事真他妈丢人。
• Don't be a bloody idiot ! 别他妈像个傻瓜似的！
• This computer's bloody useless ! It's always going wrong. 这部电脑他妈甚么用也没有！总是出问题。
• Don't you tell me what to do! I'll do what I bloody well like in my own house. 不要告诉我该干甚么！在我自己家里我他妈想干甚么就干甚么。
['blʌd.i] adjective [before noun] adverb mainly UK very informal
EMPHASIS 强调
 ADVANCED
■used to emphasize an adjective, adverb or noun in a slightly rude way 很，非常的（地）
• Life would be bloody boring if nothing ever went wrong. 如果甚么都是顺顺利利的，那生活也太沉闷了。
• Don't be so bloody stupid. 别这么傻了。
• She's done bloody well to reach the semi-final. 她表现得很出色，进入了准决赛。
• You must think I'm a bloody fool. 你一定认为我是个大傻瓜。
• I had a bloody good time last night. 我昨晚玩得真痛快。
• I'm afraid there's not a bloody thing (= nothing) you can do about it. 恐怕这件事你无能为力。
• I can't see a bloody thing (= anything) in here. 这儿我甚么也看不见。
['blʌd.i] adjective [before noun] adverb mainly UK very informal
bloody hell very informal
■a rude way of expressing great anger 该死；他妈
• Bloody hell! I've lost my wallet. 该死！我的钱包丢了。
• What the bloody hell did you do that for? 你他妈那样做究竟是为了甚么？
['blʌd.i] adjective
 ADVANCED
■covered with blood; bleeding 流血的，出血的
• a bloody nose 流血的鼻子
 ADVANCED
■extremely violent and involving a lot of blood and injuries 血腥的；残忍的
• It was a long and bloody battle and many men were killed. 那是一场漫长而残酷的战斗，死了许多人。
['blʌd.i] verb transitive
■to make something bloody 使…血淋淋的
• The first punch bloodied his nose. 第一拳就使他的鼻子出血了。
adj. 血腥的；非常的；嗜杀的，残忍的；血色的
 - intense, cruel
adv. 很
 - greatly, quite, badly, far, too

Word: principally
Front: principally
[ˈprɪnsəpli] (六 10478/5677 -1)
Back: adv. 主要地，大部分
分布：主要地(100%)
→来自principal,主要的，最重要的，-ly,副词后缀。
adverb
■mainly 主要地
• The advertising campaign is aimed principally at women. 广告大战主要瞄准了女性。
principally, mainly, generally, largely, chiefly, primarily, mostly, greatly
这组词都有“主要地，大量地”的意思，其区别是：
principally: 侧重居首要地位。
mainly: 指主要部分，突出在一系列事物中的相对重要性。
generally: 通常强调普遍性。
largely: 着重范围或分量大大超过别的成分。
chiefly: 侧重某人或某物在众多的人或物中占主要和显著地位。
primarily: 侧重基本地，首要地。
mostly: 强调数量占多半，近乎全部。
greatly: 通常强调程度的高。
adv. 主要地；大部分
 - largely, basically, mainly, mostly, primarily

Word: behold
Front: behold
[bɪˈhəʊld] (宝 10497/13905 -1)
Vocabulary: behold
(once / 84 pages)
v
To behold is to see. You could behold the changing sky as the sun sets. It’s old-fashioned and fancy, so magicians like to use it, as in “Behold! I shall pull a rabbit out of my hat!”
Have you ever heard "Beauty is in the eye of the beholder"? That can help you remember that to behold is to see something and to hold it in your attention. To behold is to look intensely — it’s much more than a glance. A good example of beholding is when you take the time to check out something special like that beautiful sunset, or a bunny hopping out of a hat and handing out candy.
WORD FAMILY
behold: beheld, beholder, beholding, beholds+/ beholder: beholders/beholding: beholdings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And lo and behold, she gets the call that evening.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Seidenberg’s simmering anger at how teachers themselves are taught erupts over those last hundred pages, and it’s bracing to behold.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
His plan to stop pyramid schemes was, lo and behold, a pyramid scheme, and he asked viewers to share the video of his show.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 看到，注视; 领悟
vi. 瞧; 用在祈使句中以引起人注意
int. 瞧，看呀
时态：beheld, beholding, beholds
分布：看(79%)，看到(12%)，注视(6%)，领悟(1%)，引起人的注意)(1%)，看啊(多用于祈使句(1%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hold, 维持，持有。用于古义指长久的看，注视。
【记】be被，hold拿住－被眼睛拿住－看到
【参】beholder（n 目睹者）
US [-'hoʊld] (beheld, beheld) mainly old use
verb transitive
■to see or look at 看见；注视
• The new bridge is an incredible sight to behold. 这座新桥令人叹为观止。
vt. 看；注视；把...视为
 - look, watch
vi. 看
 - see, look
int. 瞧；看呀
 - voila, ecce

Word: beforehand
Front: beforehand
[bɪˈfɔ:hænd] (研四六托雅 10479/6844 -1)
Back: adv. 事先，预先; 提前
adj. 提前的; 预先准备好的
分布：预先(45%)，事先(43%)，提前(12%)
ad.预先,事先The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
US [-'fɔ:r-] adverb
■earlier (than a particular time) 事先，预先
• I knew she was coming that afternoon because she had phoned beforehand to say so. 我知道她那天下午会来，因为她事先打电话跟我说过。
adv. 事先；预先
 - in advance, previously, ahead, ready
adj. 提前的；预先准备好的
 - pre-arranged

Word: cubicle
Front: cubicle
[ˈkju:bɪkl] (宝 10473/16017 -1)
Vocabulary: cubicle
(once / 7606 pages)
n
A cubicle is a small space partitioned off within a larger space for a particular purpose — usually reading or studying. Or just surfing the Internet.
Cubicle comes from the Latin term for a monk's bedroom, cubiculum, which itself is from the word cubare, "to lie down." Back then a monk would probably share it with an illuminated manuscript and a Bible; nowadays the average worker drone has a computer and a bunch of Post-it notes. Still great for sleeping in, though, as long as you don't get caught.
WORD FAMILY
cubicle: cubicles
USAGE EXAMPLES
It conjures images of punch bowls on top of crowded cubicles at bad holiday office parties.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The alarm was raised when another shopper allegedly spotted the man holding a phone above a fitting room cubicle.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Employment migrated from farms and mills to factories and offices to cubicles and call centers.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 小卧室，斗室
分布：小室(100%)
→来自cub-,躺下，词源同incubus,succubus.-icle,小词后缀。
小卧室(cup+icle小东西)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
【记】cub睡觉，icle小东西：用来睡觉的小东西－卧室
noun countable
■a small space with walls or curtains around it, that is separate from the rest of a room and where you can be private when taking clothes off, etc. （大房间中分隔出来的）小房间，小隔间
• a shower cubicle 淋浴间
• I was getting undressed in one of the cubicles. 我正在其中的一个隔间里脱衣服。

Word: proportional
Front: proportional
[prəˈpɔ:ʃənl] (四六 10513/6244 -1)
Vocabulary: proportional
(once / 1848 pages)
adjn
The adjective proportional describes something that has a relative size or amount to something else. When you're a mom, you know it's best to make sure chores are given out proportional amounts according to age and size of your kids.
The United States has proportional representation in Congress, meaning that Congressional districts are divided according to the population, set after each census. The adjective proportional can also be used to describe something that has a constant ratio. This usage is especially common in math to describe things like proportional triangles or proportional variables. Proportionate is often interchangeable with proportional.
WORD FAMILY
proportional: disproportional, proportionality, proportionally, proportionals+/ disproportion: disproportions/disproportional: disproportionally/ proportion: disproportion, proportionable, proportional, proportioned, proportioning, proportions/proportionable: proportionably/proportioned: ill-proportioned
USAGE EXAMPLES
HUD says the money was awarded based on each state’s proportional share of serious unmet housing and infrastructure needs.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The economic base wasn’t proportional to begin with, and the gains are rendering it less so.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The centrifugal force is proportional to the radius of your circular path.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 比例的，成比例的; 相称的，均衡的
n. [数]比例项，比例量
分布：成比例的(71%)，相称的(29%)
→来自proportion,比例，匀称。
US [-'pɔ:r-] (also proportionate)
adjective
■If two amounts are proportional, they change at the same rate so that the relationship between them does not change 与…成比例的
• Weight is proportional to size. 重量与大小是成比例的。
adj. [数] 比例的，成比例的；相称的，均衡的
 - relative, matching, uniform, worthy

Word: preserve
Front: preserve
[prɪˈzɜ:v] (高研四六托雅 2209/2287 -K3)
Vocabulary: preserve
(once / 72 pages)
vn
When you preserve something, you maintain its condition, like trying to preserve your good health by exercising regularly and eating right.
The verb preserve describes keeping something as it is now, without a decline in quality. It can also refer to keeping something safe from harm, as in “The group worked hard to preserve the regional ecosystem.” When you preserve food, such as fruit, you keep it from rotting. Jellies and jams are preserves, the noun form. A preserve can also be lands set aside, or preserved, as animal habitats.
WORD FAMILY
preserve: preservable, preservation, preservative, preserved, preserver, preserves, preserving+/ preservation: preservationist, preservations, self-preservation/preservationist: preservationists/ preservative: preservatives/preserver: preservers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We urge you to preserve this critical U.S. strategic asset,” the letter read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Federal officials said last week that the Valles Caldera National Preserve would become the 17th U.S. park unit with designated thermal features if approved.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Preserving the flexibility to pick and choose facts carries obvious strategic benefits.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 保护; 保持，保存; 腌制食物; 防腐处理
vi. 保鲜; 保持原状; 做蜜饯; 禁猎
n. 蜜饯; 防护用品; 禁猎地; 独占的事物（或范围）
时态：preserved, preserving, preserves
分布：保护(42%)，保存(33%)，保持(23%)，禁猎区(1%)，蜜饯(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-serv,保护，看护，词源同conserve,observe.
保存,保藏(pre预先+serve→预先保留→保存)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
v.保护,维持;保存,腌n.蜜饯,果酱,禁猎地The reservoir in the reserved preserve is an obstacle to the obstinate observer.预留保护区内的水库对固执的观察者是一个障碍.
US [-'zɝ:v] verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed; to conserve 保护，维护；保存；保养
• to preserve the environment 保护环境
• We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities. 我们想在改善市镇设施的同时保存其特色。
• The agreement preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species. 这项协定保留了我们限制濒危物种贸易的权利。
• Putting varnish on wood is a way of preserving it. 在木料上涂清漆是保护木料的一种方法。
• I need to get out of the house from time to time just to preserve (= prevent me from losing) my sanity. 我需要时不时到户外去以保持头脑清醒。
⇒ See also well-preserved
■to treat food in a particular way so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad 对…进行保鲜处理；贮存
• preserved fruit 保鲜水果
• oranges preserved in brandy 浸在白兰地中贮存的柳橙
UK [prɪ'zɜ:v] US [-'zɝ:v] noun
FOOD 食物
countable or uncountable
■a food made from fruit or vegetables boiled with sugar and water until it becomes like a firm sauce 蜜饯；果酱
• apricot preserve 杏子酱
• jars of preserves 几罐蜜饯
⇒ See also conserve
UK [prɪ'zɜ:v] US [-'zɝ:v] noun
SEPARATE ACTIVITY 个别的行为
only singular
■an activity which only one person or a particular type of person does or is responsible for （某人或群体的）专门活动
• Owning racehorses is the preserve of the rich. 拥有赛马是富人的专利。
• Sport used to be a male preserve. 体育曾经是男性的专利。
UK [prɪ'zɜ:v] US [-'zɝ:v] noun
SEPARATE PLACE 隔开的地方
countable US for
■ reserve (= an area of land kept in its natural state, especially for wild animals to live in to be protected) （尤指野生动物）保护区
conserve, store, save, maintain, preserve
这组词都有“保存，储藏”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 较正式用词，指小心地使用难以补充的资源或贵重物，免遭浪费或毁坏，以备不时之需。
store: 普通用词，指将物品存放，以备将来使用。
save: 普通用词，指尽量少用，以争取数量上有所增加。
maintain: 指保持原样，不增不减
preserve: 侧重将物品完好无损地保存下来。
conserve, reserve, retain, withhold, preserve, keep
这组词都有“保持，保存”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。
reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
retain: 指继续保持。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。
preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。
keep: 最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存。
vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎
 - maintain, save, secure, corn, sustain
n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品
 - conservation area, conservation district

Word: dart
Front: dart
[dɑ:t] (托雅宝 7226/7799 -2)
Vocabulary: dart
(once / 258 pages)
1nv 2n
A dart is a tiny missile with a pointy end that can be a weapon or part of a game, like those pointy things that people throw at dartboards. If a person darts, it just means she’s moving quickly.
A dart can be thrown or fired by blowing through a contraption, like when people who study big animals shoot a tranquilizer dart at a lion so they can put it to sleep without getting close. Darts can be weapons or part of a game often found in bars. Just as a dart moves quickly, a person can dart if they move quickly. Bees tend to dart around in the air. In football, a quick running back darts to avoid defenders
WORD FAMILY
dart: darted, darter, darting, darts+/darter: darters
USAGE EXAMPLES
For about 25, years she worked in various offices and businesses, including Dart Drug and Douglas Stereo.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Violet, green, or pink light darts around the top rim, then settles near the speaker.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 投掷，投射; 使迅速突然移动
vi. 向前冲，飞奔
n. 飞镖，标枪; 急驰，飞奔; （虫的）螯; 飞快的移动
时态：darted, darting, darts
分布：飞镖(49%)，投射(17%)，突进(15%)，缝褶(10%)，使突然移动(5%)，突然移动(2%)，快速投掷(2%)
→来自dho, 磨，使锋利。用来指飞镖。
【记】读：打他。用什么？飞镖。
US [dɑ:rt] noun
WEAPON 武器
countable
■a small thin object with a sharp point which is thrown by hand in a game, or shot from a gun or blown from a tube when used as a weapon 镖，飞镖 Compare arrow
darts
uncountable
■a game in which darts are thrown at a circular board. The number of points won depends on where the darts land on the board 掷飞镖游戏
• a game of darts 一场掷飞镖游戏
• a darts tournament 掷飞镖游戏
UK [dɑ:t] US [dɑ:rt] noun
SEWN FOLD 缝出的皱褶
countable
■a small fold becoming narrower towards one end which is sewn into a piece of clothing to make it fit better （为使衣料更合身而缝出的）褶，皱褶
UK [dɑ:t] US [dɑ:rt] noun
QUICK MOVEMENT 快速移动
countable usually singular
■a quick, sudden movement 飞快、突然的动作
• We made a dart for (= moved quickly towards) the exit. 我们向出口冲去。
UK [dɑ:t] US [dɑ:rt] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly or suddenly 飞奔，猛冲去
• I darted behind the sofa and hid. 我冲到沙发后藏了起来。
dart a glance/look at sb
■to look quickly at someone 扫了（某人）一眼
• She darted an angry look at me. 她狠狠地瞪了我一眼。
n. 镖；飞镖；标枪；猛冲
 - javelin, onrush
vi. 突进；投掷；猛冲
 - pitch, throw
vt. 投掷；投射
 - cast, toss

Word: remorse
Front: remorse
[rɪˈmɔ:s] (雅宝 10471/13927 -1)
Vocabulary: remorse
(once / 427 pages)
n
Remorse, a noun, is what you feel if you regret your actions or wish for another outcome.
The noun remorse has a very vivid origin. It comes from the Latin roots re for "again" and mordere "to bite." So, if you feel remorse, it means that your conscience is working on you, your past actions are biting you back, and making you feel very regretful. Synonyms for this word are "penitence," "rue," and "contrition." If you took a cookie from the cookie jar and ate it you can't return it; all you can feel is remorse for what you did!
WORD FAMILY
remorse: remorseful, remorseless, remorses+/ remorseful: remorsefully, unremorseful/ remorseless: remorselessly/unremorseful: unremorsefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vick expressed remorse for his actions and became an advocate for animal rights.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Canunayon felt remorse about not honoring their wishes while they were alive.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
What was meant to be the creation of an energy giant quickly collapsed into recriminations and a bitter fight fueled by buyer’s remorse.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 懊悔; 悔恨; 自责; 同情
分布：悔恨(60%)，懊悔(40%)
→re-,向后，往回，mors-,咬，词源同 mordant,morsel.比喻用法。
悔恨(re回,反+morse→反过来咬自己→悔恨)[mordmors=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】re反复，mor死，se－反复想死，因为悔恨re反复，mo摸，rse＝rose：反复摸rose上的刺，因为后悔re反，morse咬：反咬自己，因为后悔
【参】morsel（n 一口，一小份）
US [-'mɔ:rs] formal
noun uncountable
■when you feel very guilty and sad about something you have done 懊悔；悔恨；自责
• He felt no remorse for the murders he had committed. 他对自己犯下的一桩桩谋杀罪行毫无悔意。
• After the argument, she was filled with remorse. 争吵过后，她懊悔不已。
n. 懊悔；同情
 - feeling, compassion, sorrow, sympathy, pity

Word: wring
Front: wring
[rɪŋ] (六托 10500/12101 -1)
Vocabulary: wring
(once / 498 pages)
nv
To wring something is to twist or squeeze it, usually out of its original shape. If you annoy someone enough, they might threaten to wring your neck.
If you do laundry by hand, then you most likely wring out your shirts to get rid of excess water before hanging them out to dry. You can also wring out someone's hair after washing it. As you can tell, the word often has to do with getting liquids out of something. You might wring tears out of a person's eyes if you tell him the sad story of the day you lost your puppy.
WORD FAMILY
wring: wringed, wringer, wringing, wrings, wrung+/wringer: wringers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some nefarious entrepreneurs will try to wring profit from this sense of powerlessness.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
But little actual drama — as measured by a vigorous tussle between competing viewpoints — is wrung from them.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Pursglove could lose by winning: If her husband went into hiding, it would be hard to wring money out of him.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 绞，拧; 扭干，绞出; 折磨，使苦恼; 曲解
vi. 蠕动; 扭动; 感到痛苦; 感到苦恼
n. 绞，扭; 紧紧握手; 剧痛
时态：wrung, wringing, wrings
分布：拧(66%)，使痛苦(14%)，绞出(10%)，扭绞(7%)，强迫取得(3%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wrench,wrist.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），ing：拧
(wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
■to hold something tightly with both hands and twist it by turning your hands in opposite directions 拧；绞
■(also wring out)
■to twist a cloth or piece of clothing with your hands to remove water from it 拧干，绞干（布或衣服）
• She wrung out the shirt and hung it out to dry. 她拧干衬衫并挂到外面晾干。
wring sth's neck
■to kill a bird or other animal by twisting and breaking its neck 拧断（鸟或其他动物的）脖子；掐死
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
I'll wring your/his/her neck! informal
■something you say when you are very angry with someone （表示非常生气）我会拧断你／他／她的脖子！
• I'll wring his neck if he does that again! 他要是再那样做，我就拧断他的脖子！
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
wring your hands
■If you wring your hands, you show that you are worried or unhappy （因焦急或烦恼）绞扭双手
• Car dealers are wringing their hands over low sales this summer. 汽车销售商正为今夏低迷的销量而着急烦恼。
[rɪŋ] (wrung, wrung)
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wring sth from/out of sb
■to force or persuade someone to give you something 强迫（某人）交出；说服（某人）给予
• They managed to wring a few concessions from the government. 他们设法迫使政府作出一些让步。
vt. 拧；绞；紧握；使痛苦；折磨
 - screw, harry, worry, trouble, tear
vi. 蠕动；扭动；感到痛苦；感到苦恼
 - squirm, wriggle
n. 拧；绞；挤；扭动
 - twist, tweak

Word: yen
Front: yen
[jen] (托雅 10461/9329 -3)
Vocabulary: yen
(once / 995 pages)
1n 2nv
Besides being the name of the Japanese currency, yen (a different yen) means a casual desire. You can have a yen for sushi, and if you're in Japan, you can pay for the sushi with the yen in your wallet.
Yen is a casual word––think of it like "hankering." If you have an easy time remembering rhymes, think "I sometimes have a yen, to go back home again." Sometimes yen can even work as a verb––you can yen for pancakes, or yen for truffles, or yen for a time when you yenned for things other than food.
WORD FAMILY
yen: yenning, yens
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was also 1 percent higher on the day at 123.45 yen.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
That is its worst in five years, with the yen's 22 percent surge in the first half of the year slamming the index.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Investors boosted gold as the yield on 10-year US bonds fell while the dollar fell to a 15-day low against the yen.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 日元; 渴望，热望
vi. 渴望
分布：日元(98%)，上瘾(1%)，对 ... 上瘾(1%)
→日元最终来自汉语圆，瘾来自广东话烟瘾，鸦片瘾。
【记】外来语，读：瘾
[jen] (plural yen)
noun
MONEY 钱
   countable
■the standard unit of money used in Japan 日元
[jen] (plural yen)
noun
WISH 渴望
   countable usually singular informal
■a strong feeling of wanting or wishing for something 渴望，热望
• I have a yen for travelling. 我渴望出去旅行。
n. 日元（日本货币单位）；渴望
 - aspiration, hunger
vi. 渴望
 - rare, aspire, long for, yearn for, die for

Word: margarine
Front: margarine
[ˌmɑ:dʒəˈri:n] (宝 10482/12302 -1)
Vocabulary: margarine
(once / 13162 pages)
n
Margarine is a butter substitute that's made from oil. One brand of margarine goes by the name "I Can't Believe It's Not Butter." Try it, and see if you can tell the difference...
Margarine looks a lot like butter — it comes in sticks and in a very soft, spreadable form in a tub. Instead of the butterfat from milk being churned until it's solid (the process for making butter), margarine is made by emulsifying (thickly blending) oil with other fats and ingredients that make it creamy. Margarine was invented in the 1860s by a French scientist.
WORD FAMILY
margarine: margarines
USAGE EXAMPLES
A happy phone call from several corporate HQs quickly followed, so I rapidly learned who was putting margarine on my bread.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Vegan margarines like Earth Balance are made from a blend of oils and are free of trans fats.
New York Times(Jan 14, 2013)
Besides corn flour and the country’s top-selling beer, Polar produces pasta, rice, tuna fish, wine, ice cream, yogurt, margarine, ketchup, mayonnaise, and detergent.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. 人造奶油; 人造黄油
分布：人造黄油(100%)
→来自法语margarine,人造黄油，最终来自希腊语margaron,珍珠，词源同margaric,Margaret.该物质通常由动物脂肪或油脂提炼而成，其结晶体与珍珠相似，因此其发明者19世纪法国科学家Hippolyte Mege Mouries借用该希腊词来命名。
【记】源于人造黄油的发明者Margaret（玛格丽塔），她是分娩妇女的保护神，可以用margarine来润滑。
US ['mɑ:r.dʒɚ-] noun uncountable (UK informal marge)
■a food used for cooking and spreading on bread, which is similar to butter but softer and usually made from vegetable fat 人造鲜奶油（通常由植物油制成）
n. [食品] 人造黄油；人造奶油
 - oleomargarine, butterine

Word: lookout
Front: lookout
[ˈlʊkaʊt] (10483/14006 -1)
Vocabulary: lookout
(once / 1017 pages)
n
The neighborhood kids might use a tree house as a lookout, from which they can keep an eye out for the local bully.
A lookout is usually so high that a person can see for a long distance in many directions when she stands on or in it. Armies sometimes use lookouts to scout for approaching troops, and navy ships include a lookout at the top of a tall mast, also called a "crow's nest." Lookout can also be spelled as a hyphenated word, "look-out," and used as well to refer to the person whose job it is to stay in the lookout and keep watch.
WORD FAMILY
lookout: lookouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hike begins at Cape Lookout State Park’s main trailhead south of Tillamook.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
No permit is now required for those who use ORVs for surf fishing and other recreational uses along Core Banks at Cape Lookout.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Be on the lookout for sales of used or refurbished electronics from reputable brands like Apple, GameStop, Amazon and Gazelle.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 守望; 远景，前途; 瞭望台; 警戒
分布：注意(69%)，瞭望员(14%)，瞭望台(14%)，是某人自己的事(3%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
■a person who watches for danger 放哨者，望风者
■a high place where a person can look at what is happening in the area around them, especially in order to watch for any danger （尤指防备危险的）了望塔，了望台
be on the lookout for sth/sb
■to search for something or someone 寻找，查找，搜索
• I'm always on the lookout for interesting new recipes. 我总是热衷于寻找新的有意思的食谱。
keep a lookout for sth/sb
■to continue to watch carefully for something or someone, especially in order to avoid danger （尤指为防备危险而）继续密切注意，继续关注
• Keep a lookout for small objects that a baby might swallow. 注意不要让婴儿吞食小东西。
['lʊk.aʊt] noun countable
it's your own lookout UK informal
■said to someone in order to tell them that they are responsible for their own problems 是你自己的责任，都怪你自己
• It's your own lookout if you're not properly insured. 没有适当投保是你自己的责任。
n. [军] 监视；监视哨；警戒；守望者；担心的事
 - observation, monitoring, surveillance, guard, watch

Word: pew
Front: pew
[pju:] (10498/12449 -1)
Vocabulary: pew
(once / 1044 pages)
n
A pew is a long wooden bench with a high back. You'll find many rows of pews in most churches.
Some courtrooms have pews, but mostly they're found in churches, as seating for the congregation and sometimes for the members of a choir. After the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century, pews first began to appear in churches. Before that they were rare, as sitting and listening to a sermon was uncommon. Many of these earliest pews were paid for by (and considered the property of) individual families. Pew shares a Latin root with podium.
WORD FAMILY
pew: pews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Halfway through his term, the Indian prime minister’s popularity is still enormous, measured at 81% by a Pew poll in September.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He looked around the room, at 150 nervous Democrats spilling from the pews into the hallway.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
He attended school in Indonesia where, according to Pew surveys, unfavorable views of the Jews are among the highest in the Muslim world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 座位; 教堂长椅; 会众
v. 排座位
分布：座位(77%)，教堂长凳(23%)
→来自古法语puie,阳台，讲台，来自拉丁语podia,阳台，戏院楼厅，词源同foot,podium.后用于指教堂祈祷台，祈祷者座处，即教堂长椅。
noun countable
■a long wooden seat with a high back, which a row of people sit on in a church （教堂里的）长木椅
[pju:] noun countable
Take a pew! UK humorous
■Sit down! 请坐！
n. 座位；会众；教堂内的靠背长凳
 - seat, place

Word: neural
Front: neural
[ˈnjʊərəl] (10490/9310 -1)
Back: adj. 神经的; 背的，背侧的
分布：神经的(100%)
→词源同nerve,跟腱，筋，神经。
神经的[meur=mene,表示"神经"]
US ['nʊr.əl] adjective [before noun]
■involving a nerve or the system of nerves that includes the brain 神经的；神经系统的
• Some people suffered severe neural damage as a result of the vaccination. 有些人接种这种疫苗后神经受到严重损伤。
adj. [解剖] 神经的；神经系统的；背的；神经中枢的
 - nervous, dorsal

Word: Austrian
Front: Austrian
['ɒstrɪən] (10516/7873)
Back: n. 奥地利人
adj. 奥地利的；奥地利人的
分布：奥地利的(51%)，奥地利人(41%)，奥地利人的(8%)
US [ɔ:.stri:ən] adjective noun countable See table of Geographical names

Word: sewing
Front: sewing
[ˈsəʊɪŋ] (10515/9931 -K1)
Back: n. 缝纫; 缝纫机; 针线活; 缝纫物
v. 缝制
分布：缝纫(99%)，动词sew的现在分词.(1%)
US ['soʊ-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of cloth that is being or needs to be sewn 缝制中的布料；待缝制的布料
• She put her sewing down. 她放下手里的针线活。
 ADVANCED
■the skill or activity of making or repairing clothes or other things made from cloth 缝纫法；缝纫；缝补
• I'm not very good at sewing. 我不太擅长做针线活。
n. [服装] 缝纫；缝纫业
 - needlework, clothing industry
v. 缝（sew的ing形式）
 - stitching

Word: junior
Front: junior
[ˈdʒu:niə(r)] (高研四六雅 2451/2820 -K3)
Back: adj. 较年幼的，较年小的; 三年级的，低年级的; 资历较浅的; 后进的
n. 年少者，青少年; 晚辈; 三年级生; 职位较低者
分布：年少者(26%)，晚辈(22%)，下级的(14%)，资历较浅的(13%)，年少的(10%)，地位较低者(10%)，三年级生(5%)
→来自拉丁语junior,小的，缩写自juvenior,年青的，来自iuvenis的比较级，词源同young,juvenile.
年少的(jun年轻)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
a./n.年少的/者,三年级的/学生,下级(的)The junior and senior of the senate all have driver's licenses.参议院的年长者和年少者都有驾驶执照.
US [-njɚ] noun
LOW RANK 低级别
countable
■someone who has a job at a low level within an organization 地位（或等级）较低者；年资较浅者，晚辈
• an office junior 下级军官
UK ['dʒu:.ni.ər] US [-njɚ] noun
STUDENT 学生
countable UK
■a student at a junior school 小学生
countable US
■a student in the third year of a course that lasts for four years at a school or college （美国四年制中学或大学的）三年级学生
the juniors UK * junior school
• Lewis has just moved up to the juniors. 路易士刚上小学。
UK ['dʒu:.ni.ər] US [-njɚ] noun
YOUNGER 较年幼者
countable
■a young person below a particular age who is involved in an activity, especially sport 初级者（参与某项活动，尤其是体育活动时低于特定年龄的年青人）
• Saturday morning sessions are for juniors only. 周六早上的课节只为大学三年级学生而设。
three/eight, etc. years your junior
■three/eight, etc. years younger than you 较年幼者（比你小3/8岁）
• My brother is five years my junior. 我弟弟比我小五岁。
• My sister is my junior by three years (= My sister is three years younger than me). 我妹妹比我小三岁。
Compare senior
UK ['dʒu:.ni.ər] US [-njɚ] noun
SON 儿子
only singular mainly US
■used to refer to your son （用于指自己的）儿子
• Come on, Junior, time for bed. 来，儿子，该上床睡觉了。
UK ['dʒu:.ni.ər] US [-njɚ] adjective
LOW RANK 低级别
 IMPROVER
■low or lower in rank 地位（或等级）较低的；年资较浅的
• I object to being told what to do by someone junior to me. 我不愿意让资历比我低的人告诉我该怎么做。
• a junior doctor/partner 资历较浅的医生／资浅合伙人
Compare senior
UK ['dʒu:.ni.ər] US [-njɚ] adjective
YOUNGER 较年幼的
■connected with or involving young people below a particular age 初级的（低于特定年龄的）
• junior orchestra 初级组管弦乐团
• Junior members are not permitted to compete. 不允许初级会员参加比赛。
■(US written abbreviation Jr) (mainly UK written abbreviation Jnr)
■used after a man's name to refer to the younger of two men in the same family who have the same name （置于姓名后表示家庭同名两人中的较年幼者）小
• Sammy Davis, Jr 小萨米‧戴维斯
adj. 年少的；后进的；下级的
 - inferior, lower

Word: pedestal
Front: pedestal
[ˈpedɪstl] (宝 10518/14410 -1)
Vocabulary: pedestal
(once / 1403 pages)
n
A pedestal is a base or foundation that supports something like a statue or work of art. Think of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. where a statue of Lincoln sitting in a chair is raised up on a huge pedestal.
Think of the physical stand or support when you use pedestal figuratively to mean a place of superiority. If you put someone on a pedestal, you honor that person or place him or her above you, as you might a piece of valued art. If you want to knock someone off his or her pedestal, you think that person is too arrogant and you want to do something to humble him or her.
WORD FAMILY
pedestal: pedestals
USAGE EXAMPLES
For women candidates, “that fall from the pedestal may be longer and harder,” said Dittmar.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For a creative industry, Hollywood doesn’t exactly put creativity on a pedestal.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Many of the masks are “kinetic,” set into rocking motion on their pedestals with a light touch.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 底座，基座; 根底，基础; [机]托轴架; 受人尊敬的地位
v. 搁在架上; 支持; 给…加台脚
分布：底座(70%)，基架(14%)，搁在台上(8%)，颂扬(4%)，受人尊敬的地位(4%)
→来自意大利语piedestallo,基座，脚座，来自pie,脚，词源同foot,de,的，stallo,站立，词源同stall.后拼写通俗化。
【记】ped脚，儿童，estal安置－安置在脚下的东西－基座。
noun countable
■a long thin column which supports a statue, or a tall structure like a column on which something rests 基座，底座
• In the riot, the statues were toppled from their pedestals. 在暴乱中，雕像被人从底座上推了下来。
• A flower arrangement in a large basket stood on a (flower) pedestal in the corner of the room. 一束花插在一个大篮子里，放在房间角落的花座上。
['ped.ə.stəl] noun countable
knock sb off their pedestal
■to show people that someone is not as perfect as they seem to be 使某人威信扫地，揭开某人的疮疤
• This recent scandal has really knocked the President off his pedestal. 最近的丑闻确实把总统从神圣的宝座上打落下来。
['ped.ə.stəl] noun countable
put sb on a pedestal
■to believe that someone is perfect 把（某人）当作偶像；把（某人）奉为完人
n. 基架，基座；基础
 - elements, basis, base, sole, radical
vt. 搁在台上；支持；加座
 - encourage, carry, second, back, hand

Word: batting
Front: batting
['bætɪŋ] (10496/13354)
Vocabulary: batting
(once / 1828 pages)
1n 2n
Batting is the soft, plush material on the inside of a blanket or quilt. When you make a quilt, you sew the front to the back with a layer of batting in between.
Batting is sometimes called wadding in the UK. It's usually made of cotton, and it adds thickness and warmth to a blanket. You might see batting used as imitation snow in a department store window, as well. The word comes from the now-obsolete bat, "felted mass of fur or wool," from the idea of "beaten" or "batted" fabric.
WORD FAMILY
bat: bats, batted, batter, batting +/ batter: battered, battering, batters/battered: batteredest/battering: batterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even after participating in a basketball game, the younger two Owings brothers would spend an hour in the batting cage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
London was decorating cookies, batting around balloons and opening donated gifts along with seven other kids marking December birthdays at Family Gateway.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
England suffered one last batting collapse to slip to an innings-and-75-run defeat on the final day of the fifth Test against India in Chennai.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 拍打; （用在被中等的）棉花胎; 棉套; 棉絮
分布：打击(58%)，打球(19%)，棉絮(19%)，动词bat的现在分词形式.(4%)
US ['bæ.tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■(the part of the game) when you bat (= it is your team's turn to hit the ball) in cricket （板球中）轮到某队打击
• The England captain opened the batting (= batted first). 英格兰的队长首先开始打击。
n. 打击；打球；棉絮
 - blow, stroke, shock, strike, hit

Word: tedious
Front: tedious
[ˈti:diəs] (研四六托雅宝 10501/8426 -1)
Vocabulary: tedious
(once / 632 pages)
adj
If something is tedious, it's boring. If you're anxious to get outside and enjoy the sun, even the best lecture will seem tedious.
Tedious is the adjective from tedium, which is both Latin and English for boredom. You ordinarily wouldn't use tedious for people, just things; you might say "His speeches are tedious," but usually not "He is tedious." Something that is tedious could also be called tiresome. Shakespeare's Friar Laurence says "I will be brief, for my short date of breath Is not so long as is a tedious tale."
WORD FAMILY
tedious: tediousest, tediously, tediousness+/ tedium: tedious, tediums
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We automate all the coding, all the tedious work that is not really adding any value,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The feature-length videos in the show, including meditations on Patty Hearst, the Manson family and the Weather Underground, are variously gory, tedious, compelling and amateurish.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Soon enough, even the good songs became tedious, and I began to resent Bing Crosby and his somnolent phrasing.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 单调沉闷的; 冗长乏味的; 令人生厌的
分布：单调乏味的(55%)，沉闷的(45%)
→来自 tedium,冗长。
冗长沉闷的(ted厌倦+ious)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
a.乏味的,单调的,冗长的The diligent teller told a tedious story about the intelligent satellite.勤奋的出纳讲述了一个关于智能卫星的乏味故事.
【参】tedium（n 厌烦；沉闷）
【反】entertaining（adj 愉快的；有趣的）；stimulating（adj 刺激的）；absorbing（adj 吸引人的）
adjective
■boring 单调乏味的，无趣的
• a tedious job 单调乏味的工作
• The trouble is I find most forms of exercise so tedious. 问题是我觉得大多数形式的锻炼都很乏味。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. 沉闷的；冗长乏味的
 - dreary, dreich

Word: cot
Front: cot
[kɒt] (雅 10493/7898 -1)
Vocabulary: cot
(once / 1084 pages)
1n 2n
A cot is a small, portable bed. You might sleep on a cot when you go camping.
Some hotels offer cots for extra guests who stay in your room, and campers and soldiers on the move often use cots for sleeping. A cot's benefits include its light weight and ability to be folded into an easily carried size. In Britain, a cot is a baby bed or crib. Cot has a Hindi source, khat, "couch, bed, or hammock" from the Sanskrit khatva.
WORD FAMILY
cot: cots
USAGE EXAMPLES
An appeal for volunteers to knit cots, wraps and hats for still-born babies saw a big response and items now fill Mr Scully-Sloan's living room.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Earlier this month, they were still sleeping on cots in the living room, surrounded by their belongings in overflowing boxes and storage containers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She sat alone on a string cot in her front yard in a village about four hours east of New Delhi, India’s capital.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 小床; 小房子
分布：小屋(33%)，吊床(23%)，棚(11%)，村舍(11%)，鞘(11%)，护套(11%)
→1.幼儿床，来自南印度语。
US [kɑ:t] noun countable UK (US crib)
■a small bed for a baby or young child with high bars round the sides so that the child cannot fall out 婴儿床，小床
US for * camp bed
n. 简易床；小屋；轻便小床
 - shed, cottage

Word: nostalgic
Front: nostalgic
[nɒ'stældʒɪk] (10502/11416 -1)
Vocabulary: nostalgic
(once / 2344 pages)
adj
You feel nostalgic when you miss your childhood, people you know but haven't seen in a while or the things that bring you comfort, like the nostalgic memories you feel when you listen to the songs you loved when you were little.
The adjective nostalgic is often used to describe someone who is homesick and wants to be back at home with family. It always involves a wistful memory of times that now seem better or simpler. A nostalgic feeling can involve home and family, but it can also involve a longing for long-gone moments. Even beloved things, such as old TV shows or athletes from a different era may provoke the feeling of nostalgia.
WORD FAMILY
nostalgic: nostalgia, nostalgically+/ nostalgia: nostalgias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watching any Indian shows gets us nostalgic for India.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A little flat, without emotion, but so detached that it becomes melancholy and instantly nostalgic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When we did, we often fell back on big moments of nostalgic reflection.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 怀旧的; 乡愁的; 令人怀念的
分布：怀旧的(84%)，乡愁的(16%)
US [nɑ:'stæl-] adjective
■feeling happy and sometimes slightly sad at the same time as you think about things that happened in the past 怀旧的（回忆过去时高兴或伤感的情绪）
• Talking about our old family holidays has made me feel quite nostalgic. 谈起过去我们全家一起渡假的日子，我不禁产生了怀旧之情。
• We'll take a nostalgic look at the musical hits of the '60s. 我们来回顾一下上个世纪60年代轰动一时的音乐。
adj. 怀旧的；乡愁的
 - reminiscent, retrospective

Word: dignified
Front: dignified
[ˈdɪgnɪfaɪd] (托 10506/9540 -1)
Vocabulary: dignified
(once / 410 pages)
adj
Dignified means self-respecting and worthy. If you want to have a dignified memorial service, skip the karaoke machine and instead softly play the favorite music of the person you're remembering.
Something that has dignity is honorable and worthy, so something that is dignified acts in an honorable, worthy way, showing great self-respect and respect for others. If someone handles a terrible public embarrassment gracefully and without breaking down, we might compliment her dignified manner. You might be too dignified to engage in screaming at the wrestling match, or too dignified to beg for a job even in hard times.
WORD FAMILY
dignified: dignifiedly, undignified+/ dignify: dignified, dignifies, dignifying/undignified: undignifiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then David Moyes, ever dignified, will address the players, speak to a group who let him down so badly.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
There is the dignified Marquand House, where Malcolm Kerr lived when he was a young professor and returned to when he became president.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s a dignified, orderly canvas — and that, to Adams’s mind, was the problem.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 有尊严的; 庄严的; 高贵的; 厚重
分布：有尊严的(51%)，高贵的(38%)，威风的(5%)，动词dignify的过去式和过去分词(3%)，气派的(3%)
adjective
■controlled, serious and calm, and therefore deserving respect 庄重的，端庄的；有尊严的
• a tall dignified woman 端庄的高个女人
• He has maintained a dignified silence about the rumours. 关于那些谣言他很有尊严地保持着沉默。
• The defeated candidate gave a dignified speech in which he congratulated his rival. 落败的候选人发表了不失尊严的讲话，祝贺对手获胜。
adj. 庄严的；有尊严的；高贵的
 - royal, solemn, sacred, majestic, distinguished

Word: relentlessly
Front: relentlessly
[rɪ'lentləslɪ] (10511/11426)
Back: adv. 无情地; 残酷地; 不懈地; 不屈不挠地
分布：无情地(50%)，残酷地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不停的;不懈的;不间断的；未减轻的
Something bad that is relentless never stops or never becomes less intense.
例：The pressure now was relentless.压力现在没完没了。
ADJ-GRADED
坚韧的;不屈不挠的
Someone who is relentless is determined to do something and refuses to give up, even if what they are doing is unpleasant or cruel.
例：Relentless in his pursuit of quality, his technical ability was remarkable...对质量孜孜不倦的追求使他的技能出类拔萃。
例：He was the most relentless enemy I have ever known.他是我所遇到的最不屈不挠的敌手。
adv. 残酷地，无情地
 - atrociously, cruelly

Word: folded
Front: folded
['fəʊldɪd] (10488/11927)
Back: adj. 折叠的
v. 折叠，对折交叠( fold的过去式和过去分词 ); 包围; 包起; 笼罩
分布：折叠的(89%)，褶皱的(7%)，动词fold的过去式和过去分词形式.(4%)
VERB
折叠;折起;叠起
If you fold something such as a piece of paper or cloth, you bend it so that one part covers another part, often pressing the edge so that it stays in place.
例：He folded the paper carefully...他把纸小心地折起来。
例：Fold the omelette in half...把煎蛋对折。
N-COUNT
褶缝;褶痕;折叠线
A fold in a piece of paper or cloth is a bend that you make in it when you put one part of it over another part and press the edge.
例：Make another fold and turn the ends together.再折一下，把末端对齐。
N-COUNT
(布料的)褶皱，褶痕
The folds in a piece of cloth are the curved shapes which are formed when it is not hanging or lying flat.
例：The priest fumbled in the folds of his gown.牧师胡乱整了整长袍上的褶皱。
V-ERG
折叠;折起
If a piece of furniture or equipment folds or if you can fold it, you can make it smaller by bending or closing parts of it.
例：The back of the bench folds forward to make a table...长凳的靠背可以向前翻折成一张桌子。
例：This portable seat folds flat for easy storage...这张便携椅可以折叠，便于收纳。
VERB
交叉，交叠(双手或双臂)
If you fold your arms or hands, you bring them together and cross or link them, for example over your chest.
例：Meer folded his arms over his chest and turned his head away...米尔双臂交叉在胸前，把头转到一边。
例：Mrs Ringrose sat down and folded her hands in her lap.林罗斯夫人坐下来，双手叠放在腿上。
VERB
(企业或组织)停业，关门
If a business or organization folds, it is unsuccessful and has to close.
例：But as other shops fold, the march of the superstores continues...但在其他商店纷纷关门倒闭之时，大型超市的强劲扩张势头却依旧不减。
例：2,500 small businesses were folding each week.每周有2,500家小企业关张。
N-SING
队伍;同一群体的人
When someone joins an organization or group, you can say that they have come into the fold. When they leave the organization or group, you can say that they leave the fold .
例：The EU wanted to bring the US back into the fold...欧盟想要让美国重新回到他们的阵营之中。
例：He might find it difficult to return to the family fold when he realizes his mistake.他可能会发现等他意识到自己的错误时再想重返家族已经非常难了。
PHRASAL VERB
(烹饪时将调料)调入，加入
In cooking, if you fold in an ingredient or fold it into the other ingredients, you mix it very gently into the other ingredients.
例：Fold in the flour...拌入面粉。
例：Fold the cream into the egg yolk mixture.把奶油调入蛋黄液中。
PHRASAL VERB
把…折叠起来
If you fold something up, you make it into a smaller, neater shape by folding it, usually several times.
例：She folded it up, and tucked it into her purse...她将其折叠起来，塞进了钱包里。
例：He folded up his paper and put it away.他把文件折了几折，然后收了起来。
v. 折叠；交叉合拢；失败垮台；把牲畜关在栏中（fold的过去分词）
 - lapped
adj. 折叠的；褶曲的
 - scored, fanlike

Word: scroll
Front: scroll
[skrəʊl] (托雅宝 10484/12405 -1)
Vocabulary: scroll
(once / 1333 pages)
nv
A rolled up piece of paper is a scroll. If you write a poem on a sheet of paper, roll it up, and tie it with a ribbon, you can call it a scroll.
Before books existed, people wrote stories or important information on parchment or papyrus and rolled them into scrolls for easy storage and transport. Sometimes, a scroll would serve as a work of art, a decorated tale that would occasionally be unrolled and displayed. These days, when you scroll through something, you're probably reading it on a computer, moving down the screen.
WORD FAMILY
scroll: scrolled, scrolling, scrolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
She scrolled through hundreds of aggressive messages, searching for the one that troubled her the most.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
I scrolled back through the last 12 months of columns, as journalists do this time of year, and thought I’d found mostly reasons for despair.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As Mohamed guarded a displaced persons camp this week, scrolled through photos of himself in front of sandbags on the front lines southeast of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （常用于录写正式文件的）纸卷; 书卷，画卷，卷轴; 涡卷形（装饰）; 〈古〉表，目录
vt. 使成卷形; （电脑屏幕上）从上到下移动（资料等），卷页
vi. （似卷轴般）卷起; （像展开卷轴般地）将文字显示于屏幕
时态：scrolled, scrolling, scrolls
分布：卷轴(54%)，画卷(27%)，名册(7%)，卷动(6%)，卷形物(6%)
→来自古法语 escroe,碎片，纸卷，羊皮纸卷轴，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrauth,碎片，来自 sker, 砍，剪，切，词源同 shear,share,shred.引申词义画卷，卷形物等。
【记】sc＝scene（n 风景），roll（n 卷）－卷着风景的画卷
US [skroʊl] noun countable
■a long roll of paper or similar material with usually official writing on it 长卷纸，卷轴
• The ancient Egyptians stored information on scrolls. 古埃及人把资讯记载在卷轴上。
■a decoration that looks like a roll of paper 涡卷形装饰
• The tops of the marble pillars were decorated with scrolls. 大理石柱子的顶端有涡卷形装饰。
UK [skrəʊl] US [skroʊl] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move text or other information on a computer screen in order to view a different part of it 滚动
• Scroll to the end of the document. 滚动至文件的最后。
n. 卷轴，画卷；名册；卷形物
 - book, roll

Word: scripture
Front: scripture
[ˈskrɪptʃə(r)] (六托宝 9225/7315 -1)
Vocabulary: scripture
(once / 2557 pages)
n
Scripture is a sacred religious text. It usually refers to the Christian Bible, but it can refer to other religions' texts as well.
The noun scripture is most often used for specifically Christian writing, and it's often capitalized. However, it can refer to any religion's sacred writing: "Hindu scripture is written on the walls of the temple." In the 1300s, scripture sometimes meant simply "writing," though it more often referred to sacred words, especially in the Christian Bible. Its root word is the Latin script, or "writing."
WORD FAMILY
scripture: scriptures
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of my favorite scriptures says, “For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Through a series of readings from scripture, congregational hymns, choral anthems and instrumental music, we move from creation to the manger in Bethlehem.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Harris: During your White House years you offered scriptures every day to the president.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 经文，圣典; 文稿
分布：经文(95%)，《圣经》中的一段.(5%)
→script-,写，-ure,名词后缀。引申词义经文，经典。
圣经,经典(script+ure→写出的[宗教作品])[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
经典著作(script写,文学)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
【记】script写，use－写出的东西－经典
【参】scripted（adj 照稿念的）
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■the holy writings of a religion 宗教经文
• the Hindu/Buddhist/Muslim scriptures 印度教／佛教／伊斯兰教经文
• According to Holy Scripture (= the Bible) , God created the world in six days. 《圣经》上说，上帝在六天内创造了世界。
n. （大写）圣经；手稿；（大写）圣经的一句
 - Holy Bible, the Bible

Word: makeover
Front: makeover
[ˈmeɪkəʊvə(r)] (10495/-)
Back: n. 打扮，装饰
分布：彻底改变(84%)，外表的大变化(16%)
→比喻用法。
US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun countable
■a set of changes that are intended to make a person or place more attractive （个人形象的）大革新，改头换面；（地方的）翻新，改造
• One of the prizes was a makeover at a top beauty salon. 奖品之一是顶级美容院提供的一项形象重塑服务。
n. 化妆美容；大转变
 - u-turn

Word: humanities
Front: humanities
[hju:'mænɪtɪz] (10509/9301)
Vocabulary: humanities
(once / 6043 pages)
n
The humanities are studies about human culture, such as literature, philosophy, and history. Studying the humanities gives you general knowledge, but not a practical trade — you probably wouldn’t study humanities at beauty school.
If you're studying to be a dentist or a blacksmith, you're learning to be something in particular. Studying the humanities is different. The humanities provide general knowledge about the best accomplishments of human beings throughout history. Learning the works of Shakespeare, Plato, and Beethoven is part of the humanities. The humanities make a person educated, but not necessarily for a specific profession. Most people require a more specific area of study beyond the humanities.
WORD FAMILY
humanity: humanitarian, humanities +/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanist: humanists/ humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/ inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why are the arts and humanities considered more female, emotion-driven and “soft,” while the sciences are seen as male, “hard” — and why is hardness better?
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
But for many academics, specifically in the humanities and some social sciences, late December ushers in a special hell.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
But other persuasive concepts ranged from synthetic biology and regenerative medicine to digital humanities.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （总称）人( humanity的名词复数 ); 人性; 人道; 人文学科
分布：人文学科(98%)，名词humanity的复数形式.(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
人类;（总称）人
All the people in the world can be referred to as humanity .
例：They face charges of committing crimes against humanity.他们被控犯有反人类罪。
例：...a young lawyer full of illusions and love of humanity.满脑子幻想并且博爱的年轻律师
N-UNCOUNT
人性;人的属性
A person's humanity is their state of being a human being, rather than an animal or an object.
例：...a man who's almost lost his humanity in his bitter hatred of his rivals.因痛恨竞争对手而几乎丧失人性的男子
N-UNCOUNT
人道;仁慈;博爱
Humanity is the quality of being kind, thoughtful, and sympathetic towards others.
例：Her speech showed great maturity and humanity.她的演讲思想高度成熟，并且洋溢着博爱精神。
N-PLURAL
（历史、哲学、文学等）人文学科
The humanities are the subjects such as history, philosophy, and literature which are concerned with human ideas and behaviour.
例：...students majoring in the humanities.主修人文学科的学生
n. 人文学科（humanity的复数 ）
 - liberal studies

Word: omission
Front: omission
[əˈmɪʃn] (10525/6127 -1)
Vocabulary: omission
(once / 1071 pages)
n
If you make an omission, you leave something out. If you are a restaurant reviewer and you give a glowing review to a new restaurant but fail to mention that you own half of it, that's a significant omission.
The noun omission comes from the verb, omit, which means to leave out. Omissions can be purposeful or a result of neglect. Was the omission of Aunt Suzy from your wedding invitation something you meant to do, or an accident? If you're cleaning the house but don't take out the garbage, you'll regret your omission when the garbage is stinking up the kitchen.
WORD FAMILY
omission: omissions+/ omit: omissible, omission, omissive, omiting, omits, omitted, omitting
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the omission was part of a campaign by Mr Macri's government to "place a priority on bilateral trade" over the sovereignty claim.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Opportunities to lie by omission, Rogers says, actually "don't arise all that often."
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Scholars of fascism and the racist right told AlterNet such omission is dangerous in the era of Trump, with implications far beyond Ciccariello-Maher.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 省略，删节; 遗漏; 疏忽; [法]不履行法律责任
分布：遗漏(43%)，省略(31%)，疏忽(22%)，删除(4%)
→来自omit的名词形式。
省略(o出＋miss+ion→放出去→省略)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】源于：miss错过，一种无意识的省略源于：omit（v 省略；疏忽）
US [oʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when something has not been included that should have been 疏忽，遗漏，疏漏
• Measures to control child employment are a glaring (= very obvious) omission from new legislation to protect children. 新的儿童保护法规显然没有提及遏制雇用童工的措施。
• There are some serious errors and omissions in the book. 这本书里有几处严重的的错误和疏漏。
• Many of the fans believe that the omission of Heacock from the team cost England the match. 许多球迷认为球队不用希科克，令英格兰队输掉了这场比赛。
n. 疏忽，遗漏；省略；冗长
 - negligence, oversight

Word: turbulence
Front: turbulence
[ˈtɜ:bjələns] (托 10503/10090)
Vocabulary: turbulence
(once / 4228 pages)
n
Use the noun turbulence to describe instability or disturbance. If you’re on an airplane during a storm, turbulence is that horrible thing that is causing the plane (and your stomach) to bounce around.
The word turbulence can be used to refer to atmospheric instability, such as sudden, unpredictable air movements resulting from a storm, but the word has a broader meaning as well and you will often hear it used to describe any situation characterized by unrest and disorder. If your stocks are fluctuating wildly in price, that could be a result of turbulence in the stock market. If last year was filled with unpredictable change, you could describe it as a year of great turbulence.
WORD FAMILY
turbulence: turbulences+/turbulency: turbulencies/ turbulent: nonturbulent, turbulence, turbulency, turbulently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Watching live with the audience is like being in a plane in turbulence,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
His photos bridged the cultural distance between the razzle-dazzle of 1960s film and the growing turbulence of social change.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“But the ocean is all about flux and turbulence and movement.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 骚动，骚乱; [物]湍流; （海洋、天气等的）狂暴; 动荡
分布：湍流(60%)，动荡(31%)，骚乱(4%)，狂暴(3%)，喧嚣(2%)
→turbulent,混乱的，动荡的，-ence,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
骚乱(turb+ulence)[turb=stir"表示"搅动"]
【记】turb搅动，ulence：搅乱－骚乱
【反】tranquility（n 宁静）
US ['tɝ:.bjə-] noun uncountable
CONFUSION 骚乱
■a state of confusion without any order 骚乱，骚动；动荡，混乱
• The era was characterized by political and cultural turbulence. 在那个时代里，政治和文化都动荡不安。
• There are signs of turbulence ahead for the economy. 有迹象显示经济不久将要出现动荡。
UK ['tɜ:.bjʊ.lənts] US ['tɝ:.bjə-] noun uncountable
AIR/WATER MOVEMENT 气体／水的活动
■strong sudden movements within air or water （气体或水形成的）紊流，湍流
• We might be experiencing some turbulence on this flight due to an approaching electrical storm. 由于前面有雷暴向我们袭来，我们的飞机可能会遇到不稳定气流。
n. 骚乱，动荡； [流] 湍流；狂暴
 - disturbance, disorder

Word: reptile
Front: reptile
[ˈreptaɪl] (研六托雅宝 10530/10544 -1)
Vocabulary: reptile
(once / 885 pages)
n
A reptile is one of those mostly scaly and slimy animals that are cold-blooded and have backbones. Lizards and turtles? Yep — both reptiles. Puppies and kittens? No way.
There are many classes of animals. People are part of the mammal class. Another class is reptiles, which are all cold-blooded vertebrates (meaning they have backbones). Snakes, salamanders, frogs, turtles, and crocodiles are all reptiles. You'll see plenty of reptiles at the zoo, and you'll see replicas of some at a natural history museum — since dinosaurs were reptiles.
WORD FAMILY
reptile: reptiles, reptilian +/ reptilian: reptilians
USAGE EXAMPLES
And that behavior, similar to living reptiles, suggested long incubation times, he said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The finding suggests that, at least in terms of hatch times, dinosaurs were more like modern reptiles than birds.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
Many less toothy animals, birds, reptiles, plants, fish and shells are legally protected.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 爬行动物; 卑鄙的人
adj. 爬虫类的; 卑鄙的
分布：爬行动物(84%)，卑鄙的人(9%)，爬虫类的(7%)
→来自拉丁语 repere,爬行，-t,过去分词格，来自 rep,爬行。
n.爬行动物The reconciled reptiles rest on a fragile tile.和解的爬行动物歇在易碎的瓷砖上.
【记】rept＝creep（v 爬），ile－爬的东西－爬行动物
【参】surreptitious（adj 鬼鬼祟祟的）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an animal which produces eggs and uses the heat of the sun to keep its blood warm 爬行动物
adj. 爬虫类的；卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty
n. [脊椎] 爬行动物；卑鄙的人
 - insect, ratfink

Word: emeritus
Front: emeritus
[iˈmerɪtəs] (10529/25334)
Vocabulary: emeritus
(once / 7626 pages)
nadj
An emeritus is a retired college professor or minister. When a professor stops teaching, she might be given the title of emeritus, which basically means she can still be remembered as a successful professor.
The word emeritus, pronounced "eh-MER-ih-tus," is Latin, originally meaning "veteran soldier." The honorary adjective is most often used with professor, but it applies to other professions whose retirees continue to hold their title, like ministers. The word emeritus usually goes after the job title, but it can also come before, like emeritus editor.
WORD FAMILY
emeritus: emerituss
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Our tests nailed the date,” said Sara James, an emeritus art historian at Mary Baldwin College in Virginia who was involved in the data gathering.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The Pope also met with his predecessor Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI for an exchange of Christmas greetings.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
He was a former president of the National League of Cities and was senior fellow emeritus at the Urban Land Institute.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 名誉退休的，退休的
分布：名誉退休的(67%)，名誉退休者(33%)
→e-, 向外。-mer, 服务，部分，词源同merit, polymer.原指服完兵役的老兵，或尽得自己应尽职责的人，后用于退休教授荣誉头衔。
US [-tˌəs] adjective [before or after noun]
■no longer having a position, especially in a college or university, but keeping the title of the position （尤指从学院或大学）退休后保留头衔的，荣誉退休的
• She became Emeritus Professor of Linguistics when she retired. 她退休后成为语言学荣誉退休教授。
adj. 退休的；名誉退休的
 - retired, on the beach

Word: collective
Front: collective
[kəˈlektɪv] (研四六托 3342/3132 -3)
Vocabulary: collective
(once / 536 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Collective is a word that describes a group of people acting together. A prom might turn into a smashing success through the collective efforts of the student body.
The word collective indicates a group, and is often used in opposition to the efforts or will of an individual. Your neighbor who is the only one on the block who refuses to mow her law? She's going against the collective. A commune is a type of collective living situation, in which several families might live together and contribute for the benefit of the whole. If you work well with others, then you appreciate how collective efforts can often result in better results.
WORD FAMILY
collective: collectively, collectives, collectivise, collectivism, collectivize+/ collect: collectable, collected, collectible, collecting, collection, collective, collector, collects, recollect / collected: collectedly, self-collected, uncollected/collectible: collectibles, uncollectible/collecting: collectings/ collection: collections/collectivise: collectivisation, collectivised/ collectivism: collectivisms, collectivist, collectivistic/collectivist: collectivists/collectivistic: collectivistically/collectivization: collectivizations/collectivize: collectivization, collectivized, collectivizing/collector: collectors/ recollect: recollected, recollecting, recollection, recollective, recollects/ recollection: recollections
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s not so much frustration,” Heat forward Justise Winslow said, talking about the team’s collective mood.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Women’s national soccer team finally agrees to new collective bargaining agreement when U.S.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite reeling from a collective gut punch, women who were opposed to President-elect Donald Trump channeled their sadness and rage into activism and organization.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 集体的; 共同的; 集合的; 集体主义的
n. [统]集体; [语]集合名词; 集团
分布：集体(85%)，集体的(11%)，共同的(4%)
集体的(collect+ive→集中到一起→集体的)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
n.集体a.集体的,共同的The invention is a collective effort.那项发明是集体努力的成果.
adjective [before noun]
■of or shared by every member of a group of people 集体的；共同的
• a collective decision/effort 共同的决定／努力
• collective responsibility/leadership 共同责任／集体领导
[kə'lek.tɪv] noun countable
■an organization or business which is owned and controlled by the people who work in it 联合组织；企业集团；集体企业
adj. 集体的；共同的；集合的；集体主义的
 - mutual, corporate, common, joint
n. 集团；集合体；集合名词
 - bloc, clan

Word: confound
Front: confound
[kənˈfaʊnd] (托宝 10535/11567 -1)
Vocabulary: confound
(once / 345 pages)
v
If you have an identical twin, you've probably tried dressing alike so that people confound you with, or mistake you for, one another. You've also probably learned that, unfortunately, this trick doesn’t work on your mom.
The verb confound means both "to mistake" and "to confuse." If you decide to treat yourself to a delicious dessert, you might find yourself confounded by the overwhelming number of choices. If you end up ordering the chocolate cake but the waiter brings you chocolate mousse, the waiter has somehow confounded those two options. Another meaning you may come across in literature is "to damn," as in "Confound it! You are the most exasperating person on the planet."
WORD FAMILY
confound: confounded, confounding, confounds+/ confounded: confoundedest, confoundedly/confounding: confoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On all fronts, the actual future confounds the imagined future.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The only certainty in times like this is that certainties will be confounded.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Washington State’s 2016 season unfolded in a confounding picture of extremes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使混淆，使混乱; 挫败; 诅咒
时态：confounded, confounding, confounds
分布：混淆(43%)，挫败(33%)，使困惑(18%)，诅咒(6%)
→con-, 强调。-found, 流，倾泻，词源同confuse, foundry. 即流到一起的，难以区别而困惑的。
【记】con共同，found建立；创办：建立一堆同样的房子可以使你迷惑，混淆
【反】discriminate between（区分）
verb transitive
■to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation 使惊疑，使困惑惊讶
• An elderly man from Hull has confounded doctors by recovering after he was officially declared dead. 赫尔市的一位老人在被正式宣布死亡后居然活了过来，令医生们大惑不解。
• The singer confounded her critics with a remarkable follow-up album. 这位歌手随后又推出了一张不同凡响的专辑，令评论家们大感意外。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使混淆；挫败；讨厌；使混乱
 - defeat, cloud

Word: parody
Front: parody
[ˈpærədi] (雅宝 10507/12069 -1)
Vocabulary: parody
(once / 1701 pages)
nv
A parody is a humorous or mocking imitation of something, using the same form as the original. To parody a poem, you have to write another poem.
A parody is a form of humor that spoofs — or satirizes — something using the same form. For example, shows like "Saturday Night Live" and "The Daily Show" parody newscasts by doing fake newscasts that look like the real thing. Comedians and comedy writers love to parody the President. Anything in the public eye could be the object of a parody.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parody / parity
They're different, but when these words are said out loud it's hard to tell them apart. A parody is a silly spoof and parity is equality, and that's no joke.
A parody turns making fun of something into an art form. Imitating the way someone talks or writes is a parody. Broken down into its Greek roots, it's para for "beside," and ode as in "song," which forms paroidia for a "burlesque song or poem." A parody isn't as risqué as a burlesque, but it's definitely supposed to be funny. Here are some examples of the word:
"He's also a professed fan of the 1960s spy parody ‘Get Smart.'" (Washington Times)
"The online parody shows a player pretending to be J.J." (Los Angeles Times)
"From a Saturday Night Live hosting gig to a parody Twitter account, the ‘Girls' star is everywhere." (Time)
When there's parity, things are even-steven. Parity means equality. It even has Latin roots in par, which means, of course, equal. If a scale is balanced, there is parity.
It's used in finance:
"She said she thinks the euro will fall below parity against the U.S. dollar in the coming year." (Wall Street Journal)
In social contexts:
"None of this started out as a fight over gender parity, but now that it looks like one, you can be sure women will notice."
And sports:
"In most seasons, parity usually expires some time around November as the league's usual suspects take control." (Wall Street Journal)
They word parody probably has more fun than parity, which just likes to even things out. But there is parity between these words; they are both awesome.
WORD FAMILY
parody: parodied, parodies, parodist, parodying+/parodist: parodists
USAGE EXAMPLES
An earlier episode placed Paper Boi on a fictional news panel show with parody commercials to break up the show’s segments.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
He's been the subject of fake news stories, books, comics - and a parody of the Book of Genesis.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He showed anew the crispness of his enunciation — in this case stretched to farcical parody — and his talent for broad comedy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拙劣的模仿; 恶搞; 滑稽的模仿诗文
vt. 滑稽地拙劣地模仿; 把（他人诗文）模仿成滑稽体裁
时态：parodied, parodying, parodies
分布：拙劣的模仿(40%)，拙劣模仿(30%)，仿作(20%)，作模仿诗文(10%)
→来自拉丁语parodia,滑稽剧，滑稽模仿，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-odia,吟唱，吟咏，词源同ode,comedy,melody.
【记】par平等，ody＝ode唱－唱的一样－模仿诗文
US ['per-] noun
countable or uncountable
■writing, music, art, speech, etc. which intentionally copies the style of someone famous or copies a particular situation, making the features or qualities of the original more noticeable in a way that is humorous 滑稽模仿作品（指文章、音乐、艺术品、讲话等）
• He was an eighteenth-century author who wrote parodies of other people's works. 他是一位18世纪的作家，专对他人的作品进行滑稽模仿。
• There is a hint of self- parody in his later paintings. 他后期的画含有自嘲的意味。
Compare travesty
countable disapproving
■something which so obviously fails to achieve the effect that was intended that it is stupid （几近荒谬的）拙劣的模仿
• "It was a parody of a trial," said one observer. “这称不上审判，只是在装模作样，”一位观察者说。
UK ['pær.ə.di] US ['per-] verb transitive
■to copy the style of someone or something in a humorous way 滑稽模仿
• One of the papers is running a competition in which you've got to parody a well-known author. 有一家报纸正在举行一场竞赛，在比赛中你必须滑稽地模仿一位著名作家的风格写些东西。

Word: nation-state
Front: nation-state
['neɪʃnst'eɪt] None
Back: n. 单一民族国家
分布：单一民族国家(100%)
N-COUNT
民族国家;单一民族的独立国家
A nation-state is an independent state which consists of people from one particular national group.
例：Albania is a small nation state of around 3 million people.阿尔巴尼亚是一个大约有300万人口的单一民族独立国家。

Word: alternatively
Front: alternatively
[ɔ:lˈtɜ:nətɪvli] (10494/4030 -K2)
Back: adv. 二者择一地; 要不然; 或者
分布：二者择一地(58%)，或者(28%)，作为选择(14%)
US [ɑ:l'tɝ:.nə.tˌɪv-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■used to suggest another possibility （用来建议别种可能性）要不，或者
• We could go to the Indian restaurant, or alternatively, we could try that new Italian place. 我们可以去那家印度餐馆，或者也可以到那家新开的义大利餐馆尝尝。

Word: holding
Front: holding
[ˈhəʊldɪŋ] (5325/3864 -2)
Back: n. 佃户租种的土地; 所有物（如土地、债券、股份等）; 私有财产; （因其热情、精力或决心等）阻拦不住某人
v. 拿( hold的现在分词); 认为; 包含; 容纳
分布：举行(80%)，收藏品(5%)，股份(5%)，耕地(5%)，动词hold的现在分词形式.(5%)
US ['hoʊl-] noun countable
■something that you own such as shares in a company or buildings, or land which you rent and farm 私人股份；私人建筑；租用的农田
• To ensure security the investment fund has holdings in many companies. 为确保资金安全，投资基金会持有多家公司的股份。
n. 举办；支持
 - support, adhesion
v. 召开；担任（hold的ing形式）；握住
 - undertaking

Word: mathematician
Front: mathematician
[ˌmæθəməˈtɪʃn] (10536/12241 -1)
Vocabulary: mathematician
(once / 1904 pages)
n
Use the noun mathematician when you talk about someone who is highly educated in — and good at — math. Your math teacher might be a great mathematician who's also gifted at explaining math to students.
You can call a person who does math for a living a mathematician, like a math professor or someone who works in statistics or as an actuary. Actually, anyone who has great skill at mathematics is also a mathematician, even if they work as a chef or a taxi driver. The word mathematician is rooted in the Greek mathematikos, which means "relating to mathematics, or scientific," or simply "disposed to learn."
WORD FAMILY
mathematician: mathematicians+/mathematical: mathematically/ mathematics: mathematical, mathematician
USAGE EXAMPLES
A 50p coin will mark the achievements of mathematician Sir Isaac Newton, a one-time Master of the Royal Mint.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
During the space race, NASA’s Langley Research Center employed black female mathematicians to calculate, among other things, launch and landing for the country’s first astronauts.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The most common such algorithm was developed from a flash of insight from the great American mathematician John Tukey.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 数学家
分布：数学家(100%)
→来自mathematics,数学，-ian,人。即搞数学的人，数学家。
noun countable
■someone who studies, teaches or is an expert in mathematics 数学家

Word: rebate
Front: rebate
[ˈri:beɪt] (托宝 10514/10514 -1)
Vocabulary: rebate
(once / 4854 pages)
1nv 2nv
A rebate is a partial refund of the cost of an item. It acts as an incentive to help sell the product. If your new cell phone came with a rebate, you'll get a check in the mail for a certain amount of the cost.
A well-known rebate occurred in 2007 when President George Bush issued tax rebate checks to many people in America, giving back some of what each person paid in taxes. Rebate comes from the Old French word rabattre, meaning "beat down, drive back." Rebate can also be used as a verb that refers to giving a reduction in price during a sale. For example, your internet provider might rebate your bill for three months to keep you as a customer.
WORD FAMILY
rebate: rebated, rebates, rebating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manufacturers pay states a 23.1 percent rebate on brand-name drugs compared to 13 percent for generics.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Overall car sales, meanwhile, fell 8% through November compared with a year ago, despite many rebates.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Mexico rebates the VAT when that car is exported to the U.S.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 折扣; 回扣
vt. 减少; 打折
时态：rebated, rebating, rebates
分布：回扣(60%)，减少(35%)，变钝(5%)
→来自古法语 rabattre,打下，赶回，来自 re-,向后，abate,减轻，减少。引申词义减免，折扣， 返还。
减少;回扣(re回+bat+e→打回去的[东西]→回扣)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
【记】re反，bate打：反过来打折
【区】abate（v 减轻）
noun countable
■an amount of money which is returned to you, especially by the government, for example when you have paid too much tax （尤指政府返还的）部分退款
• a tax rebate 退还部分税款
vt. 减少；打折扣
 - discount, shorten
vi. 退还部分付款，打折扣
 - water sth. down
n. 折扣
 - discount, agio

Word: parade
Front: parade
[pəˈreɪd] (研四六托雅 3907/4972 -2)
Vocabulary: parade
(once / 376 pages)
nv
A parade is a group of people marching in ceremony, celebration, or protest. Often a parade involves fire trucks, costumed adults throwing candy to children, baton twirlers, and members of the armed forces.
Parade is also a verb, meaning to walk or march ostentatiously. When your sister first brings home her prom dress, she might parade around the living room after putting it on so everyone can see it. As a noun parade is an event in which a whole lot of people march in the streets — they could be wearing prom dresses, but more likely they're celebrating of a holiday or taking part in a military action.
WORD FAMILY
parade: paraded, parader, parades, parading+/parader: paraders
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it's not like you can't be hip enough to emcee the Rose Parade.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Any time is a good time to remember Arnold Palmer, of course, and the Rose Parade in Pasadena, Calif., this morning was among them.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The 128th annual parade got started Monday with an added police presence and measures to prevent a vehicle from barreling into the route.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 游行; 展览; 招摇过市; 接受检阅
n. 检阅; 游行; 一系列; 炫耀
时态：paraded, parading, parades
分布：游行(68%)，阅兵(13%)，炫耀(6%)，检阅(5%)，参加游行(3%)，夸耀(3%)，散步(1%)，绕行(1%)
→来自拉丁语parere,准备，安排，装饰，词源同pare,prepare.原指接受检阅的军队，后词义通俗化。
游行(原意指部队训练场,引申为排队游行;部队训练,准备打仗)[par=get ready表示"准备"]
n./v.游行,夸耀n.检阅,阅兵式v.使列队行进The graduated comrade gradually graded the trademarks after the parade.阅兵过后,那位毕了业的同志逐渐将商标分了等级.
noun countable
LINE OF PEOPLE 群众队伍
 ADVANCED
■a large number of people walking or in vehicles, all going in the same direction, usually as part of a public celebration of something 游行
• a victory parade 胜利游行
■a series of people or things that appear one after the other 一队人；一系列事物
• For three hours a committee of state senators listened to a parade of local residents giving their opinions. 整整三个小时，州参议员组成的委员会听取了一批又一批当地居民发表自己的看法。
on parade
■When soldiers are on parade they march and practise military movements in front of important officials or as part of a public celebration or ceremony 接受校阅
• The entire regiment was on parade. 整个军团在接受校阅。
[pə'reɪd] noun countable
ROAD 路 UK a row of shops 购物街
Parade UK
■used in the names of some roads 用于路名中
• Park Parade 派克大道
[pə'reɪd] verb
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■(of a group) to walk or march somewhere, usually as part of a public celebration 游行，列队行进
• The Saint Patrick's Day marchers paraded up Fifth Avenue, past the cathedral. 在圣派屈克节那天，游行者一路经过第五大道，途经大教堂。
• In ancient Rome, captured generals were paraded through the streets in chairs. 在古罗马，俘获的将军会被绑在椅子上游街示众。
intransitive or transitive
■to show something in an obvious way in order to be admired 夸示，炫耀
• It's sickening the way he parades his wealth, his car and his expensive clothes. 他炫耀他的财富、汽车和高级服饰的样子令人作呕。
• The children paraded about/around in their new clothes. 孩子都穿着新衣服四处炫耀。
procession, parade, demonstration
这组词都有“游行”的意思，其区别是：
procession: 指举行庆祝活动或盛大仪式时庄严行进的有秩序的游行队伍或行列。
parade: 多指盛大和正式的游行，有检阅等活动。
demonstration: 侧重指抗议的示威性游行。
n. 游行；阅兵；炫耀；行进；阅兵场
 - display, pageant
vt. 游行；炫耀；列队行进
 - show off, brag about
vi. 游行；炫耀；列队行进
 - file, show off

Word: Ethiopian
Front: Ethiopian
[ˌi:θɪ'əʊpɪən] (10499/13112)
Back: n. 埃塞俄比亚人；黑人
adj. 埃塞俄比亚的；黑人的
分布：埃塞俄比亚人(70%)，黑人(18%)，黑人的(12%)
US [-'oʊ-] noun countable adjective
■Ethiopian 衣索比亚人／衣索比亚的

Word: fleeting
Front: fleeting
[ˈfli:tɪŋ] (托雅宝 10517/10002 -1)
Vocabulary: fleeting
(once / 1083 pages)
adj
Fleeting is an adjective that describes something that happens really fast, or something that doesn’t last as long as you’d like.
Driving in a car on the highway, you see a unicorn in the woods, but you only get a fleeting glimpse of it because you’re driving too fast. Bummer. Fleeting comes from the Old English word flēotan, which means “float, swim.” Like a ghost ship floating by on a foggy night, fleeting things disappear as fast as they appear. Fleeting love may last more than a moment, but it won’t stay for very long, and that’s why it’s called fleeting.
WORD FAMILY
fleeting: fleetingest, fleetingly, fleetingness+/ fleet: fleeted, fleeter, fleetest, fleeting, fleetly, fleetness, fleets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Here, Russian diplomats might fleetingly pretend they were back at their own dachas – or summer houses – and the resin-scented pine forests of greater Moscow.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But all the soon-to-be ex-president will prove is the fleeting nature of executive power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 疾驰的，飞逝的; 短暂的; 稍纵即逝; 翩
分布：短暂的(90%)，疾驰的(7%)，动词fleet的现在分词形式.(3%)
【记】fleet（n 舰队；v 疾飞；掠过）
【反】perennial（adj 四季不断的；终年的；永久的）
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■short or quick 短暂的；迅速的
• a fleeting glimpse 迅速的一瞥
• This is just a fleeting visit. 这只是一次短暂的访问。
v. 迅速移动（fleet的ing形式）
 - zapping

Word: annoyance
Front: annoyance
[əˈnɔɪəns] (10526/8811 -1)
Back: n. 恼怒，烦恼; 使人烦恼的事，令人讨厌的人或事
分布：烦恼(86%)，生气(12%)，令人讨厌的人或事情(2%)
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the feeling or state of being annoyed 烦恼，生气
• I can understand your annoyance - I'd be furious if she ever treated me like that. 我能理解你为甚么生气——她要是那样对我，我也会发火的。
• (Much) to our annoyance, (= We were very annoyed that) we couldn't see anything from the back row of the theatre. 让我们（特别）气恼的是，坐在剧院的后排，我们甚么也看不见。
countable
■something that makes you annoyed 令人烦恼不快的事
• One of the greatest annoyances was being bitten by mosquitoes every night. 最让人不堪其扰的是，每天晚上都要挨蚊子叮咬。
n. 烦恼；可厌之事；打扰
 - worry, trouble

Word: diarrhea
Front: diarrhea
[ˌdaɪə'rɪə] (10522/-)
Vocabulary: diarrhea
(once / 4782 pages)
n
Diarrhea is runny, watery feces that is often painful, too. People get it from the flu, spicy food, food poisoning, and a host of other nasty reasons.
No one likes diarrhea, but it happens to us all. Not only is your poop watery, but you might have to go often and urgently — you probably know that feeling of running to the nearest toilet, praying you'll make it in time. Diarrhea is a symptom of the flu and other medical problems, but just eating food you're not used to can cause it. If someone can't stop talking, people sometimes use the slang expression diarrhea of the mouth.
WORD FAMILY
diarrhea: diarrheal, diarrheas, diarrhetic+/diarrheal: antidiarrheal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Children 12 and under also are not allowed, as well as visitors with rash, diarrhea or respiratory symptoms.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That took care of the diarrhea, but here is the surprising part: It dropped my blood sugars over 100 points!
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Microbes in the waste can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches or other symptoms.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 腹泻
adj. 腹泻的
分布：腹泻(89%)，痢疾(11%)
痢疾(dia对穿-对穿流过-拉肚子)[rhe=flow(流)]
n. 腹泻，痢疾
 - dysentery

Word: paranoia
Front: paranoia
[ˌpærəˈnɔɪə] (雅宝 10527/14765 -1)
Vocabulary: paranoia
(once / 3891 pages)
n
Something that happens to a person's thinking can lead to paranoia. You may believe that your friends no longer like you, but it's just that your paranoia makes you suspicious of everyone.
Paranoia is from the Greek para-, "beyond, irregular," and noos, "mind." It is an irregularity of the mind, a mental disorder that distorts a person's perception of what is real. Someone with paranoia may believe that other people are out to get them or are watching them all the time. Doctors who treat paranoia look for causes, and while patients can develop the disorder gradually and sometimes due to life circumstances, such as abuse or neglect, the use and abuse of drugs can also cause paranoia.
WORD FAMILY
paranoia: paranoiac, paranoias, paranoid +/paranoiac: paranoiacs/ paranoid: paranoids
USAGE EXAMPLES
He describes the Hollywood-set film as “all shadow work, paranoia, fear, conspiracy, manipulation and poison.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“In experiences like this, they suffer from paranoia and hyper-vigilance,” Hepburn said.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <医>妄想狂; 偏执狂; （对别人的）瞎猜疑; 疑神疑鬼
分布：偏执狂(62%)，妄想狂(38%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-noia,思想，想法，词源同nous,matanoia.即胡思乱想，引申词义妄想症，偏执狂。
【记】para旁边，no没有，ia－旁边没有的病－偏执狂
US [ˌper-] noun
countable or uncountable
■an extreme and unreasonable feeling that other people do not like you or are going to harm or criticize you 疑神疑鬼，多疑
• There's a lot of paranoia about crime at the moment. 现在人们十分多疑，总是害怕会有犯罪发生。
uncountable specialized
■Someone who has paranoia has unreasonable false beliefs as a part of another mental illness, for example schizophrenia. 妄想症；偏执狂
n. [心理] 偏执狂， [内科] 妄想狂
 - monomania

Word: cadre
Front: cadre
[ˈkɑ:də(r)] (10547/16183 -1)
Vocabulary: cadre
(once / 7695 pages)
n
A cadre is a group of specially trained people prepared to lead or instruct others. Examples could be a military unit, a group of scientists, or a band of insurgents.
Just looking at the "re" at the end of cadre suggests the word has some French roots, and so it does. The word, stemming from the Latin quadrum, meaning "a square," also meant "framework." This idea of a frame or border came to suggest the word as meaning a small group that creates the framework for a larger one, much like a picture frame. Your cadre of rebels consists of two cats and a stuffed bear . . . at least they'll be good at keeping secrets.
WORD FAMILY
cadre: cadres
USAGE EXAMPLES
The caves that the cadres used as hide-outs from Japanese bombers still exist, buried into the bleak hills like black eyes.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Kudos to Seattle’s cadre of superior sound designers, whose work enhanced many a production.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In the beginning of the Khmer Rouge’s reign, she worked as a technical supervisor at a weaving factory that produced clothing for the black-clad cadres.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 干部; 骨架; 核心; 骨干
分布：干部(90%)，骨干(8%)，小组成员(1%)，骨架(1%)
→词源同quarter, four, 原指四方形的画框，后指共产党的骨干。字母c,f,q音变。
US [-dɚ] noun
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of trained people who form the basic unit of a military, political or business organization （军队、政治或商业组织的）骨干队伍，干部队伍
countable
■a member of such a group 干部
n. 干部；基础结构；骨骼
 - anatomy, skeleton

Word: abdominal
Front: abdominal
[æbˈdɒmɪnl] (10520/9330)
Vocabulary: abdominal
(once / 3103 pages)
adjn
Anything abdominal relates to the midsection of your body, just below your chest and above your pelvis. Abdominal muscles are sometimes called “abs” and they’re the muscles in your abdomen.
All abdominal things relate to the belly area. If your stomach hurts, you have abdominal pain. Sit-ups are abdominal exercises. Do enough sit-ups and you'll have washboard abs because the rippled muscles look like, well, a washboard. Any stomach surgery is a type of abdominal surgery. Sometimes abdominal is used as a noun that’s short for abdominal muscle.
WORD FAMILY
abdominal: abdominally, abdominals+/ abdomen: abdomens, abdominal
USAGE EXAMPLES
The case involved a newly pregnant woman experiencing abdominal cramping and fever.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The company restarted shipping a device used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms after a two-day halt.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Food and Drug Administration ordered Endologix to stop shipping a device used to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms because of manufacturing problems.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 腹部的; [鱼]有腹鳍的
n. 腹肌（常用作复数）
分布：腹部的(100%)
ADJ
腹（部）的
Abdominal is used to describe something that is situated in the abdomen or forms part of it.
例：...vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pain.呕吐、腹泻和腹痛
adj. 腹部的；有腹鳍的
 - ventricular

Word: differentiation
Front: differentiation
[ˌdɪfəˌrenʃɪ'eɪʃn] (10505/6255)
Vocabulary: differentiation
(once / 4286 pages)
n
Differentiation is how someone or something is set apart from others. If you make a differentiation between one brand of toothpaste and another, you point out how they're distinct.
You can see the word different in differentiation. The -tion ending tips you off that differentiation is the noun form of different: differentiation refers to the differences themselves. Suppose two very similar movies come out at the same time. The studios will work to achieve differentiation in the films' trailers, with one highlighting the chemistry between the romantic leads and the other showing moments of slap-stick comedy.
WORD FAMILY
differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differential: differentially, differentials/ differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ indifference: indifferences/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, he added: "Populism is based on a dichotomy, on a differentiation between the people and the elite."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“More and more, it’s going to be that compute capability that’s going to drive a lot of the differentiation of the car of the future.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 15, 2016)
However, I was disturbed by the differentiation in the article between “psychiatric” and “medical” patients.
Washington Post(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: n. 区别，分化; 分异; 衍进; 求导数
分布：分化(93%)，区别(4%)，变异(3%)
US [-ə.ren-] noun
countable
■when you differentiate 区别，区分，辨别
• a differentiation between mental illness and mental handicap 精神疾病与精神障碍之间的区别
uncountable
■the process of becoming or making something different 差异化
• Product differentiation is essential to the future of the company. 产品差异化对公司的未来至关重要。
n. [生物] 变异，分化；区别
 - variation, distinction, discrimination

Word: insecure
Front: insecure
[ˌɪnsɪˈkjʊə(r)] (10533/11089 -2)
Vocabulary: insecure
(once / 1718 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Insecure means either lacking self-confidence or lacking security. An insecure person might constantly doubt their own intelligence. An insecure building is an easy target for even the most bumbling burglar.
Break insecure down to its basic parts and you've got in, meaning "not," combined with secure, meaning "safe": not safe. This understanding of the word emerged in the 1640’s. It wasn't until 1917 that people began to use insecure to describe delicate, unsure egos. Today it's used to describe everything from easily cracked safes to uncertain futures.
WORD FAMILY
insecure: insecurely, insecureness, insecurity +/ insecurity: insecurities/ secure: insecure, secured, securely, secureness, securer, secures, securest, securing, security /secured: unsecured/securer: securers/ security: securities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Typically, the focus is on security for the Israeli occupier, not for the occupied Palestinians who are in fact utterly insecure.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I would 100% recommend to anyone who is insecure about flying.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He cites rising homelessness, the crisis in social care funding and the increasing prevalence of low pay and insecure jobs.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 无安全的; 不稳定的; 不牢靠的; （地面，冰等）易坍陷的
分布：不安全的(75%)，不可靠的(13%)，缺乏安全感的(6%)，缺乏信心的(4%)，不稳固的(2%)
→in-,不，非，secure,安全的。
【记】secure（adj 安全可靠的；放心的；无虑的）
US [-'kjʊr] adjective
NOT CONFIDENT 不自信的
■Insecure people have little confidence and are uncertain about their own abilities and about whether other people really like them 无把握的；缺乏信心的
• I wonder what it was about her upbringing that made her so insecure. 我想知道究竟是甚么样的成长经历造成她如此不自信。
• He still feels insecure about his ability to do the job. 他对自己是否有能力胜任这项工作仍没有把握。
UK [ˌɪn.sɪ'kjʊər] US [-'kjʊr] adjective
NOT SAFE 不安全的
■(of objects or situations) not safe or not protected （物体）不牢固的，不安全的；（局势）无保障的，不稳定的
• The situation is still insecure, with many of the rebels roaming the streets. 许多叛乱分子在大街上出没，局势仍然不稳定。
• Nations which are not self-sufficient in energy will face an insecure future. 能源不能自给的国家，其未来是没有保障的。
• We've gone through a few financially insecure years. 我们经历了好几年的金融动荡。
adj. 不安全的；不稳定的；不牢靠的
 - unstable, unsafe

Word: biographer
Front: biographer
[baɪˈɒgrəfə(r)] (托 10519/11989 -1)
Vocabulary: biographer
(once / 1175 pages)
n
A biographer is a writer who specializes in true stories of other people's lives. The finished books that biographers publish are called biographies.
In some cases, well-known writers, actors, and other public figures work with biographers in order to collaborate on their own biographies. Other times, biographers research the lives of their subjects after they've died. In the 1660s, they were known as biographists. The root of all variations on biography is the Late Greek biographia, "description of life," from bio-, "life," and graphia, "record or account."
WORD FAMILY
biographer: biographers+/ biography: biographer, biographical, biographies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like the best biographers, Baird writes like a novelist, and her book is crammed with irresistible detail and description.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The analogy I favor is introspection as a personal narrative, whereby people construct stories about their lives, much as a biographer would.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Petraeus violated both the law and national security by leaking confidential information to his biographer and lover, then lied about it to the FBI.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 传记作者
分布：传记作家(100%)
传记作家(biography+er)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
US [-'ɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■someone who writes the story of a particular person's life 传记作者
• Boswell was Dr Johnson's biographer. 鲍斯威尔是约翰逊博士的传记作者。

Word: surplus
Front: surplus
[ˈsɜ:pləs] (高研四六托雅宝 6243/4815 -3)
Vocabulary: surplus
(once / 626 pages)
nadj
A surplus is something extra or left over. If your tree produces more apples than you can eat, you can make applesauce with the surplus of apples.
The army surplus store sells old or out-of-date clothing and equipment that the military doesn't need. If you earn more money than you spend, then you have a surplus of cash. The word surplus has familiar parts: sur- is a shortened form of super, meaning "extra" or "additional," and plus just means "more."
WORD FAMILY
surplus: surpluses
USAGE EXAMPLES
That may limit Republican hopes for massive tax cuts or plans to redirect much of the budget surplus into transportation repairs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
China is Taiwan's largest trading partner, and Taiwan runs a huge trade surplus with China, worth $27 billion in 2015.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
He added that he expects a "further surplus" once accounts for the event are finalised.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过剩的; 多余的
n. 剩余额; 公积金; 顺差; 盈余
分布：盈余(38%)，顺差(25%)，过剩(18%)，多余的(10%)，过剩的(9%)
→sur-,在上，超过，plus,附加，加号。
多余的(sur+plus多余;加→多出很多)[sur-表示"超过,在上面"]
n.过剩,剩余;余款,余额a.过剩的,剩余的Brazil has a big surplus of coffee.巴西有很多剩余的咖啡.
【记】sur超过，plus加－剩余的
【参】surrealism（n 超现实主义）；realism（n 现实主义）
【区】nonplus（v 使难堪）
US ['sɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable adjective
 ADVANCED
■(an amount which is) more than is needed 剩余（的），多余（的）；过剩（的）
• The world is now producing large food surpluses. 世界上目前生产的食品大大过剩。
• We are unlikely to produce any surplus this year. 我们今年不太可能有任何盈余。
• The government has authorized the army to sell its surplus weapons. 政府已经授权军队出售多余的武器。
• UK The store is selling off stock that is surplus to requirements (= more than they need to have). 这家商店正在抛售多余的存货。
■the amount of money you have left when you sell more than you buy, or spend less than you have 资金余额，资金盈余
• a budget/trade surplus 预算结余／贸易顺差
• Fortunately the school's bank account is currently in surplus. 幸好目前学校的银行帐户里还有结余。
balance, remainder, remains, rest, surplus
这组词都有“剩余部分”的意思，其区别是：
balance: 指支取存款的余额或减去各种开支后的尾数。
remainder: 含义较广，可指数学运算中的余数，也指从整体取走或用掉部分后的所余部分，或一群人走掉一部分剩下的人。
remains: 常指人或动物死后的遗体或遗骨，也指古代文明的遗迹或去世作家尚未发表的遗稿。
rest: 最普通用词与定冠词连用，指任何指定数量的人或物等。
surplus: 指超过需要数量之外的剩余。
gigantic, maximum, excess, excessive, multiple, surplus
gigantic: 巨大的，庞大的
maximum: 最大的，最高的
excess: （作定语） 过度的，额外的，超过了正常限度或标准
excessive: 过度的，过分的
multiple: 多样的，多重的，多倍的
surplus: 过剩的，多余的，剩余的
n. [数] 剩余； [贸易] 顺差； [会计] 盈余； [电子] [经] 过剩
 - residual, spare
adj. [数] [电子] 剩余的； [经] 过剩的
 - remaining, residual, odd

Word: relocation
Front: relocation
[ˌri:ləʊ'keɪʃn] (10541/9235)
Vocabulary: relocation
(once / 13162 pages)
n
Use the noun relocation to describe moving from one place to another, like a family's relocation that forced them to leave behind old friends but gave them the opportunity to make new ones in a different city.
When you look at relocation you notice the word locate, which comes from the Latin word locus, meaning "place." Then look at the affixes — re- means "again" and -ion means "the act of." When you put it all together, relocation means "the act of placing again." If you refer to your relocation, you're describing putting yourself in a new place.
WORD FAMILY
relocation: relocations+/bilocation: bilocations/ dislocate: dislocated, dislocates, dislocating, dislocation/dislocation: dislocations/ locate: dislocate, located, locater, locates, locating, location, locator, relocate /located: unlocated/locater: locaters/ location: bilocation, locations/locator: locators/ relocate: relocated, relocates, relocating, relocation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The relocation should be the city’s No. 1 goal.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Major construction begins in June, with utility relocations that will block streets.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Wildlife biologist Rachael Alderman, from the Marine Conservation Program, said the relocation happened without incident after the sedative wore off.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 迁移; 再定位
分布：重新安置(60%)，重新配置(20%)，再定位(20%)
V-ERG
（使）迁移;（使）搬迁;重新安置
If people or businesses relocate or if someone relocates them, they move to a different place.
例：If the company was to relocate, most employees would move...如果这个公司要搬迁，多数员工也要搬家。
例：Ray Bonner first relocated to Africa several years ago...雷·邦纳在几年前先搬到了非洲。
n. 重新安置；再布置，变换布置
 - resettlement

Word: halfway
Front: halfway
[ˌhɑ:fˈweɪ] (4587/6848 -2)
Vocabulary: halfway
(once / 1032 pages)
1advadj 2adj
When you're halfway, you're at the middle point of something. If you pause to catch your breath halfway up a hill, you still have half the hill left to climb.
You can make it halfway along a marathon route, or 13 miles, and you can also make it halfway through your book before you fall asleep. You might only make it halfway through an enormous slice of cake, or halfway through math class before you start to nod off. A halfway house, originally an inn between two cities, but today it's a place where released criminals or recovered addicts can live while they get back on their feet.
WORD FAMILY
halfway: halfways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Halfway through his first season at City, the 45-year-old former Barcelona and Bayern Munich coach said: “It might be one of my last teams.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Halfway through his term, the Indian prime minister’s popularity is still enormous, measured at 81% by a Pew poll in September.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In 2002, halfway through his second term as prime minister, Guterres abruptly resigned after the Socialists suffered a drubbing in local elections.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adv. 在中途; 到一半; 在中间; 大致上
分布：不彻底的(47%)，中途的(25%)，半路地(14%)，在…中间(7%)，折中地(7%)
US [ˌhæf-] adjective adverb
■in the middle of something, or at a place which is equally far from two other places 在中间（的）；在中途（的）
• York is halfway between Edinburgh and London. 约克位于爱丁堡和伦敦的中间。
• I'd like you to look at the diagram which is halfway down page 27. 请你们往下看27页中间的图表。
• She started feeling sick halfway through dinner. 她饭吃到一半就开始感到恶心。
• The management's proposals don't even go halfway towards meeting our demands. 管理阶层的提案距离我们的要求还差得远呢。
UK [ˌhɑ:f'weɪ] US [ˌhæf-] adverb
■not very, but satisfactorily 还可以，过得去
• Any halfway decent teacher should be able to explain the difference between transitive and intransitive verbs. 任何一个像样的老师都应该能解释及物动词和不及物动词的区别。
adj. 中途的；不彻底的
 - intermediary, inexhaustive

Word: modern-day
Front: modern-day
[ˈmɔdən dei] (-1)
Back: adj. 现代的；当代的
分布：当代的(80%)，当前的(20%)
US ['mɑ:.dɚn-] adjective
■relating to people or things from modern times and not from a time in the past 现代的；当代的
• Modern-day engines are so much more efficient. 现代的引擎比过去的效能高得多。
adj. 当代的；今日的
 - contemporary, cotemporary

Word: spew
Front: spew
[spju:] (托 10524/19542 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 呕吐; （使某事物）喷出; 涌出，射出; 渗出
n. 呕吐物; 喷出物; 渗出物
时态：spewed, spewing, spews
分布：喷出(41%)，呕吐(25%)，涌出(20%)，吐出(6%)，喷出物(4%)，呕吐物(4%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.
verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■If something spews liquid or gas, or liquid or gas spews from something, it flows out in large amounts （使）（液体或气体）喷出，涌出
• The volcano spewed a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air. 火山向空中喷出大量的烟灰、灰尘和气体。
• The drains spew (out) millions of gallons of raw sewage into the river. 几百万加仑未经处理的污水从排水管里喷涌而出，倾泻进河里。
• Paper came spewing from the computer printer. 纸一张张地从印表机里被吐出来。
[spju:] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spew (sth) up slang
■to vomit 呕吐
• I was spewing up all night after those mussels. 吃了那些贻贝之后我整个晚上都在吐。
vt. 喷出；呕吐
 - belch out, spout out
vi. 喷涌；呕吐
 - shoot the cat, hork

Word: born
Front: born
[bɔ:n] (中高研四 1088/1206 -4)
Vocabulary: born
(once / 70 pages)
adj
When a baby is born, she comes into the world through birth. If you say, "I was born in July," that's the month in which your mother gave birth to you.
You can talk about a newly born baby or ask your friend what year she was born. Even ideas or organizations can be described this way: "My book group was born in 2005." If you're a really good bowler, you can also say you were born to do it, or that you're a "born bowling champion." The Old English root of born is boren, the past participle of beran, "to bring, bear, or produce."
WORD FAMILY
born: borner, bornly, reborn, unborn
USAGE EXAMPLES
Albert Preston Brewer was a Tennessean by birth, born on Oct.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Any product with more than 8 percent foreign meat must say where the animal was born, raised and butchered.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I think it depends when they were born.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. bear的过去分词; 支撑，支持; 亲自携带，运输
vi. 结果，生产; 和…有关
adj. 出生的，出身于…的; 天生的，天赋的
分布：出生的(90%)，与生俱来的(9%)，动词bear的过去分词.(1%)
a.出生的,产生的;天生的,十足的The boring boy bored ashore for ore core at the score.讨厌的男孩在海岸上的刻线处钻探矿核.
US [bɔ:rn] verb
be born
 ESSENTIAL
■When a person or animal is born, they come out of their mother's body and start to exist 出生
• She was born in 1950. 她生于1950年。
• We saw a lamb being born. 我们看到小羔羊降生。
• Diana was born into an aristocratic family. 戴安娜生于贵族之家。
• Ann was born and brought up in Ealing. 安出生于伊灵并在那里长大。
■having started life in a particular way （以某种方式）出生的，出世的
• The toll of babies born with AIDS is rising. 出生即为爱滋病带菌者的婴儿在不断增加。
• Stevie Wonder was born blind. 史提夫·汪达先天失明。
■slightly formal or literary
■If an idea is born, it starts to exist. （想法）产生，形成
born of sth slightly formal
■existing as the result of something 来自于…，产生于…
• With a courage born of necessity, she seized the gun and ran at him. 迫于情势，她平生出一股勇气，拿起枪向他冲去。
UK [bɔ:n] US [bɔ:rn] verb
born and bred
■describes someone who was born and grew up in a particular place, and has the typical character of someone who lives there 土生土长的
• He's a Parisian born and bred. 他是土生土长的巴黎人。
UK [bɔ:n] US [bɔ:rn] verb
born with a silver spoon in your mouth
■to have a high social position and be rich from birth 生来高贵富有的
UK [bɔ:n] US [bɔ:rn] verb
not be born yesterday
■to not be stupid or easy to deceive 不傻；不易上当
• You don't fool me - I wasn't born yesterday. 不要愚弄我——我可不是三岁小孩。
UK [bɔ:n] US [bɔ:rn] verb
wish you had never been born
■to be extremely unhappy 多么希望没有出生（表示极度痛苦）
• When I've finished with you you're going to wish you'd never been born! 等我和你一刀两断了，你会觉得生不如死的！
UK [bɔ:n] US [bɔ:rn] adjective
■having a natural ability or liking 天生的；命中注定的
• a born writer/athlete 天生的作家／运动员
• [+ to infinitive] I felt born to look after animals. 我感到我天生擅长照料动物。
adj. 天生的
 - natural, inborn

Word: majestic
Front: majestic
[məˈdʒestɪk] (托雅宝 10534/11701 -1)
Vocabulary: majestic
(once / 564 pages)
adj
Majestic things display great dignity, befit a great ruler, or are simply far superior to everyday stuff. Compared with a peasant's hut, for instance, a king's palace is quite majestic.
The adjective majestic has origins in the Latin word majestatem, meaning "greatness, dignity, honor, or excellence." It's often used to describe things connected with kings and queens (whom, you'll remember, we often address as "Your Majesty"). We also like to refer to the great creatures and places of the natural world as majestic: Mt. Fuji in Japan for example, or a bald eagle flying over the Grand Canyon.
WORD FAMILY
majestic: majestically+/ majesty: majestic, majesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Months later, this coastal Georgia city hopes to see wood from the majestic oak preserved as works of art.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“We are from Congo,” explains Luc Hillegeon, 31, as he, his wife and infant son navigate the muddy path beneath the majestic ceiba trees.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When people experience awe—looking up at a majestic sequoia, for example—they become more altruistic and cooperative.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 宏伟的; 壮丽的; 庄重的; 磅礴
分布：宏伟的(62%)，壮丽的(32%)，高贵的(6%)
→来自majesty,雄伟，壮观，-ic,形容词后缀。
雄伟的,壮丽的(maj+estic表形容词,如：a-grestic农村的)[maj=great,表示"大,伟大"]
雄伟,壮丽(majestic的名词)[maj=great,表示"大,伟大"]
adjective
■beautiful, powerful or causing great admiration and respect 雄伟的；壮丽的；威严的
• The majestic Montana scenery will leave you breathless. 蒙大拿州的壮丽景色会令你屏息凝神。
magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid, noble
这组词都有“宏伟壮丽的”的意思，其区别是：
magnificent: 指环境、建筑物等本身的壮丽、堂皇、庄严、崇高或出色等。
grand: 侧重规模大，豪华而宏伟壮丽、盛大。也可指人的崇高、伟大。
majestic: 侧重状态、外表、仪态等给人以威严感。
splendid: 指人在行为、品德或性格等方面的卓越超群；指物侧重外观上的辉煌。用于口语中，作“极好的，绝妙的”解。
noble: 指因本身著名或从外表上看有令人难忘的华丽、庄严、卓越、雄壮或崇高。
adj. 庄严的；宏伟的
 - grand, magnificent, solemn, sacred, noble

Word: cleanse
Front: cleanse
[klenz] (托 10540/11568 -2)
Back: vt. 净化; 使…清洁; 清洗
时态：cleansed, cleansing, cleanses
分布：净化(94%)，使 ... 清洁(3%)，使 ... 纯洁(3%)
→来自clean,干净。
【参】cleanliness（n 洁癖；清洁）
verb transitive
■to make something completely clean 清洗；使清洁
• Cleanse the cut/wound thoroughly before you bandage it. 扎绷带之前要彻底清洗伤口。
■to make someone or something morally clean or pure 使（道德上）纯洁；使净化
• to cleanse the thoughts of our hearts 净化我们的心灵
• Roman Catholics go to confession to be cleansed of their sins. 罗马天主教徒藉忏悔来洗涤他们的罪恶。
• figurative The mayor has promised to cleanse the city of drug dealers (= to remove them from the city). 市长承诺要肃清城市里的毒贩。
vt. 净化；使…纯净；使…清洁
 - purify, decontaminate

Word: surreal
Front: surreal
[səˈri:əl] (10537/19470 -1)
Vocabulary: surreal
(once / 4247 pages)
adj
If you see a goldfish fly out of a melting clock and offer you tango lessons, you’re having a surreal experience! Either that or you’re asleep and dreaming. Things that are surreal combine unrelated elements to create a bizarre scene.
The adjective surreal comes from Surrealism, a movement that produced films, writing, painting, and other art forms that often contained irrational, disjointed images. So, surreal describes something that’s a bizarre mix of elements, often jarring and seemingly nonsensical. Images can be surreal, like the melting clocks in Salvador Dali's paintings, but so can strange, dream-like moments in everyday life.
WORD FAMILY
surreal: surrealism, surreally+/ surrealism: surrealisms, surrealistic/surrealistic: surrealistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chad shows up, which is a surreal moment.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“To see where I started and to see where we’re ending with our last game in the Rose Bowl is surreal,” Golden said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From then on, slightly abstract, sometimes surreal touches are added to this realistic backdrop.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 超现实的，离奇的
分布：超现实的(78%)，离奇的(22%)
→sur-,超过，real,现实的。
adjective
■strange; not like reality; like a dream 离奇的；超现实的；梦幻般的
• Driving through the total darkness was a slightly surreal experience. 在一片漆黑中开车，有点像在梦境一般。
• Buñuel's films have a surreal quality. 布努埃尔的电影具有超现实主义的特点。
adj. 超现实主义的；离奇的；不真实的
 - extraordinary, impossible

Word: identifiable
Front: identifiable
[aɪˌdentɪˈfaɪəbl] (托 10546/7742 -1)
Vocabulary: identifiable
(once / 12876 pages)
adj
If something is identifiable, it means you can identify it — or know what it is. Put your name in your jacket so it is identifiable as yours.
Identifiable can also mean known — if you're trying to solve the energy crisis, you should come up with a plan that maximizes the all identifiable uses of alternative energy. If you have feelings that other can relate to, you are identifiable — people feel that they know you. If you wear a cross around your neck, that is communicating your identity — making you identifiable as a Christian.
WORD FAMILY
identifiable: identifiably, unidentifiable +/ identification: identifications/identified: unidentified/identifier: identifiers/ identify: identifiable, identification, identified, identifier, identifies, identifying, misidentify/misidentify: misidentified, misidentifying/ unidentifiable: unidentifiably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Apple, for instance, insists that any communications are tied to a random identifier, not your Apple ID or anything personally identifiable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“He was as identifiable with the NBA as any player or coach,” Bird said.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Every location is identifiable by a unique combination of just three words, allocated to 3m-by-3m squares.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 可辨认的; 可视为相同的
分布：可辨认的(100%)
US [aɪˌden.tˌə-] adjective
■able to be recognized 能被识别的
• In her bright yellow coat, she was easily identifiable in the crowd. 她穿着鲜艳的黄色外套，在人群中很容易认出。
reliable, suitable, available, identifiable
reliable: 可依靠的
suitable: 适合的
available: 可用的，可看见的
identifiable: 可识别的
assessable, incredible, negligible, identifiable
assessable: 可估价的，可征收的
incredible: 难以置信的，惊人的
negligible: 可以忽略的，不予重视的
identifiable: 可以确定的
adj. 可辨认的；可认明的；可证明是同一的
 - recognizable

Word: blue-collar
Front: blue-collar
[ˈblu:ˌkɔlə] None
Back: adj. 蓝领工人的; 工人阶级的; 体力劳动者的
分布：蓝领阶级的(100%)
US [-'kɑ:.lɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes people who do work needing strength or physical skill rather than office work 蓝领阶级的，从事体力劳动的

Word: adopted
Front: adopted
[əˈdɒptɪd] (10543/11917)
Vocabulary: adopted
(once / 140 pages)
adj
Something that's adopted has been deliberately chosen. Your adopted country is the place where you choose to live, not necessarily the one in which you're born.
If you describe yourself as adopted, it means that you were taken in and raised by parents who didn't give birth to you. Just as your adoptive parents chose you to be their child, other adopted things are also chosen: an adopted language is one you learn and then choose to speak, and an adopted state is the place you freely decide to live in. The Latin root is adoptare, "choose for oneself."
WORD FAMILY
adopt: adoptable, adopted, adoptee, adopter, adopting, adoption, adoptive, adopts+/adoptable: unadoptable/adoptee: adoptees/adopter: adopters/ adoption: adoptions/adoptive: adoptively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ten of them are adopted children with significant disabilities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This was where Publius Decius Mus began his career, alongside a handful of other writers, most of whom adopted Latin pseudonyms.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The newcomers shared their adopted homeland's optimism about the journey ahead.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 被收养的，被采用的
v. 采用( adopt的过去式和过去分词 ); 收养; 正式接受; 吸收（外来词语）
分布：被收养的(68%)，被采用的(24%)，动词adopt的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
US [-'dɑ:p-] adjective
CHILD 孩子
 ADVANCED
■an adopted child has been legally taken by another family to be looked after as their own child （被）领养的，（被）收养的
• They've got two adopted children and one of their own. 他们有两个领养的孩子和一个亲生的。
UK [ə'dɒp.tɪd] US [-'dɑ:p-] adjective
COUNTRY 国家
[before noun]
■An adopted country is one where someone chooses to live although they were not born there 移居的
• Spain is my adopted country. 西班牙是我移居的国家。
v. 采用；接受（adopt的过去式和过去分词）
 - took, accepted

Word: individualism
Front: individualism
[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlɪzəm] (托 10574/10406)
Vocabulary: individualism
(once / 1884 pages)
1n 2n
Individualism is all about taking care of yourself; it is the belief and practice that every person is unique and self-reliant. A belief in individualism also implies that you believe that the government should bud out of your individual affairs.
The concept of individualism is rooted in historical contexts where people’s personal differences were dismissed or even punished by the ruling body. In particular, the United States is known for having a strong bent towards individualism because it was founded by people who sought the freedom to practice whatever religion they chose. The counterpoints to individualism are socialism and communism (among others). Those who prefer individualism often site fear of governmental control over their life decisions as reason for that inclination.
WORD FAMILY
individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic +/ individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualist: individualists/ individualistic: individualistically/ individuality: individualities/individualization: individualizations/individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In 1980, after a decade of stagnation, we needed an infusion of individualism,” he wrote.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Matlock decentralized the individualism of rock music into more of a collective endeavor, he added.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
In Renaissance Europe, as humanism and individualism flourished, people began to put themselves, rather than spiritual forces, at the center of their journeys on Earth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 个人主义，利己主义; 自由放任主义; 个性，独特性; 不干涉主义
分布：个人主义(100%)
→来自individual,个人，-ism,主义，思想。即个人主义，引申词义个性。
noun uncountable
SINGLE 单个
■the idea that freedom of thought and action for each person is the most important quality of a society, rather than shared effort and responsibility 个人主义（把个人思想和行动的自由， 而非共同努力和分担责任，看成是社会最重要特质的想法）
[ˌɪn.dɪ'vɪd.ju.ə.lɪ.zəm] noun uncountable
DIFFERENT 不同
■the quality of being different or original 个性；独特气质
n. 个人主义；利己主义；个人特征
 - privatism, egoism

Word: amnesty
Front: amnesty
[ˈæmnəsti] (托宝 10562/5511 -2)
Vocabulary: amnesty
(once / 2076 pages)
nv
Amnesty can mean a pardon for a wrongdoing, or it can also signal a government's willingness to overlook something.
Amnesty sounds a little like "amnesia," and that's because in its more specific sense amnesty means "forgetting." The government will essentially forget about whatever crime was committed, or whatever horrible things were said. As part of a truce, amnesty can be granted to opposition forces in civil disputes. Amnesty to illegal aliens means the government will deliberately overlook their illegal entry to the country. There can also be a period of amnesty when people can turn in something that they would otherwise get in trouble for. "The city offered a period of amnesty for everyone to turn in illegal guns."
WORD FAMILY
amnesty: amnestied, amnesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amnesty International called the conviction "ludicrous" and the trial "farcical".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But tens of thousands of Oaxacans and other Mexican nationals ultimately gained legal status through the Reagan administration’s landmark amnesty program, passed in 1986.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Sovannara’s attorneys were not allowed to enter closing arguments, and justices deliberated for 15 minutes before returning with a conviction, according to Amnesty International.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 大赦，特赦
vt. 对…实行大赦; 赦免
时态：amnestied, amnestying, amnesties
分布：特赦(51%)，大赦(49%)
→前缀a-, 无，没有。Zero-grade词根mn, 记忆，同mind. 此处用以指法律术语。
赦免(a不+mnes+ty表名词→不再记[恨]赦免)[mnes,mnem=remember,表示"记忆"]
【记】a不，非，mnes记忆－不记仇－赦免
noun
countable or uncountable
■a decision by a government that allows political prisoners to be free （对政治犯的）赦免，大赦
• Most political prisoners were freed under the terms of the amnesty. 大多数政治犯按照大赦的条款获得了自由。
countable usually singular
■a fixed period of time during which people are not punished for committing a particular crime 赦免期
• People who hand in illegal weapons will not be prosecuted during the amnesty. 在赦免期内交出非法武器的人将不会受到起诉。
• The government refused to declare an amnesty for people who had not paid the disputed tax. 对于那些未缴纳有争议的税款者，政府拒绝给予宽限。
n. [法] 大赦，特赦
 - general pardon

Word: disgusted
Front: disgusted
[dɪsˈgʌstɪd] (托 10566/11845 -K1)
Vocabulary: disgusted
(once / 738 pages)
adj
If you're disgusted, you're fed up, appalled, or sickened by something. You might, for example, be disgusted by the smell of your younger brother's dirty feet.
If you've had enough of listening to your wealthy cousin complain about all the international traveling she has to do, you're disgusted. And if the thought of eating the casserole your mom cooked is making you feel queasy, you're also disgusted. You can give someone a disgusted look — or just think disgusted thoughts — if they tell an offensive joke. Disgusted comes from the Middle French desgouster, "have a distaste for."
WORD FAMILY
disgusted: disgustedly+/ disgust: disgusted, disgustful, disgusting, disgusts, self-disgust/disgustful: disgustfully/ disgusting: disgustingly, disgustingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He appeared disgusted with equal representation across the board.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
California secessionists are almost uniformly leftists disgusted by conservative hegemony in the heartland.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
His journal entry after the fight for the bazaar described the self-loathing of a warrior disgusted by his own success.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 厌恶的; 厌烦的
v. 使恶心; 使讨厌
分布：厌恶的(74%)，使作呕(13%)，动词disgust的过去式和过去分词.(13%)
adjective
■feeling extreme dislike or disapproval of something 反感的，厌恶的，憎恶的
• She was disgusted at the way they treated their children. 她很反感他们对待孩子的方式。
• I'm totally disgusted with your behaviour. 我非常讨厌你的行为。
adj. 厌恶的；厌烦的
 - sick, tired
v. 使恶心；使讨厌（disgust的过去分词）
 - disinclined

Word: delineate
Front: delineate
[dɪˈlɪnieɪt] (托宝 10523/15444)
Vocabulary: delineate
(once / 1657 pages)
adjv
Though you pronounce it duh-LIN-ee-ate, there is a "line" in the middle of delineate. This might help you remember that to delineate is to outline and define something in detail or with an actual marking of lines and boundaries.
When you create an outline for a paper it usually summarizes what you will detail later. You delineate the sections, or mark the heading lines, and when you write the details, you delineate the subject of each heading. So, to delineate is both to mark lines and to fill in the lines. Using a fence to divide properties or a carpet to claim your side of the bedroom also is a way to delineate, or mark, physical boundaries.
WORD FAMILY
delineate: delineated, delineates, delineating, delineation, delineative+/ delineated: undelineated/ delineation: delineations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Where do I start?’’ he said with a deep breath, when asked to delineate the challenge facing Washington.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He showed her the collection and she created “art blocking plans” to delineate each piece and where it would hang.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The key is the term “excessive” — used twice by the founders to delineate bail from extreme fines and burdens being imposed on innocent-until-proven-guilty defendants.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 勾画，描述
时态：delineated, delineating, delineates
分布：描绘(63%)，叙述(23%)，画出(14%)
→de-, 向下，强调。line, 线，线条。即画线，描绘。
勾画,描写(de点重+line+ate用力画线→描画)[line=line,表示"直线,线条"]
【记】de，line（线条），ate－加强线条－描绘；参考：limn（描绘）
[dɪ'lɪn.i.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to describe or mark the edge of something 描述；勾画
• The main characters are clearly delineated in the first chapter. 作者在第一章里对主要人物进行了清晰的描述。
• The boundary of the car park is delineated (= its edges are marked) by a low brick wall. 停车场的四周用一堵矮砖墙围了起来。
vt. 描绘；描写；画…的轮廓
 - represent, trace, picture, figure

Word: commend
Front: commend
[kəˈmend] (研六托雅 10548/7594 -1)
Vocabulary: commend
(once / 87 pages)
1v 2v
Ever shout "Bravo!" at the end of a ballet or coo "Good boy!" to the dog when he relieved himself outdoors instead of on the rug? Then you know how to commend someone — in other words, to express approval aloud.
The most common meaning of commend is to compliment. You commend someone when you tell them "Well done!" You can even say "I commend you on your hard work." Back in the days of Charles Dickens, to commend often meant to put (someone or something) in the hands of someone else for safekeeping. Case in point: David Copperfield was out of luck when his cruel stepdad commended him to the equally cruel schoolmaster Mr. Creakle at Salem house.
WORD FAMILY
commend: commendable, commendation, commended, commending, commends, recommend +/ commendable: commendably/ commendation: commendations/ recommend: recommendation, recommended, recommending, recommends/ recommendation: recommendations
USAGE EXAMPLES
I just wanted to commend you on reading and commenting in the NY Times as a 20something.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
But the move was commended by many, including environmental groups and Native American tribes whose ancestors lived in the region.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
While we commend the office and its overall director, Lt.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 推荐; 表扬; 托付; 受到赞同
时态：commended, commending, commends
分布：推荐(51%)，称赞(42%)，嘉奖(4%)，把 ... 托付给(3%)
→com-, 强调。-mend, 手，操纵，委托，词源同manual, mandate. 原指托付给别人，称赞。
赞扬;推荐(com+mend信任;命令→大家信任→赞扬;参考;recommend)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
v.称赞,表扬：委托保管;推荐We commended him for his being brave.我们称赞他的勇敢.
【记】com共同，mend修改，改进－大家一起改进错误，这是多么值得称赞的举动啊！
【参】recommendation（n 推荐）re反复，commend表扬：目的是推荐
【反】censure（v /n 责难）；berate（vt 严厉指责）；deplore（v 表示悲痛）
verb transitive
■to formally praise someone or something 赞扬，称赞，表彰
• The judge commended her for/on her bravery. 法官称赞了她的勇敢。
• For a low-budget film, it has much to commend it (= it deserves praise). 作为一部低预算影片，它有不少值得称道之处。
• It says on the back cover of the book ' highly commended'. 书的封底上写著「极力推荐”。
command, commend, demand
command: 命令
commend: 称赞，推荐；
demand: 要求；
praise, applaud, commend, compliment
这些动词均有“赞扬、表扬、称赞”之意。
praise: 普通用词，指用语言或其它方式表示夸奖、赞扬。
applaud: 指出色的表演或高尚的行为等得到同声赞许、大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
commend: 正式用词，指对具体功绩或成就等表示称赞或嘉奖。
compliment: 侧重客气和礼貌，有时含恭维之意。
applaud, clap, praise, commend
applaud: v.鼓掌，赞扬，指因精湛表演或某种行为得到别人的赞许，大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
 • The boss applauded my efforts by praising my work.   老板表扬了我的工作，对我的努力表示赞许。
clap: v.拍打，其用法是clap one's hand=applaud,不能说applaud one's hands。
 • clap sb.   为某人鼓掌，clap sth.拍打某物
praise: v.为一般用词，用于对某人的优秀品质表示钦佩羡慕；赞颂，赞美。
 • A supervisor praised the employee for her good work.   一位主管称赞这位员工的工作做得不错。
 • Survivors of the crash praised God for saving them.   坠机事件的幸存者赞颂上帝使他们得救。
commend: v.为正式用词，用于对具体功绩或成就表示嘉奖，通常指上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的赞赏。
 • The teacher commended the student for doing well on the exam.   老师表扬学生们的考试成绩优异。
vt. 推荐；称赞；把…委托
 - recommend, put in a good word
vi. 称赞；表扬
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to

Word: rink
Front: rink
[rɪŋk] (10570/16738 -1)
Vocabulary: rink
(once / 5823 pages)
n
Use the noun rink for an indoor area where you can ice skate or roller skate, or for the surface itself. If skating around and around to blasting music is your thing, head to a rink.
An ice rink has an ice-covered surface, benches for changing from shoes to skates, and often places to buy snacks. Roller rinks have skates for rent, a hard surface to skate on, and loud music. Rink first appeared in English in the 14th century, from the Scottish dialect. Though it comes from the Old French renc, "line or row," it was mixed up with ring at some point and came to describe the ring-shaped ice rink.
WORD FAMILY
rink: rinks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They dominated possession and didn’t allow a clean path into their end of the rink.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Just thank God there was end boards at the end of the rink,” Evans said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 溜冰场; 冰球场; （草地）木球场
vi. 溜冰
分布：溜冰场(100%)
→来自 ring 方言变体。
noun countable
■a large flat surface, of ice or other hard material, for skating (= a sport using special boots to move along) or the area or building which contains this 溜冰场；旱冰场
• an ice rink 溜冰场
• a roller-skating rink 旱冰场
n. 溜冰场，室内溜冰场；冰球场
 - hockey area
vi. 溜冰
 - ice-skate

Word: confiscate
Front: confiscate
[ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt] (托宝 10551/11552 -1)
Vocabulary: confiscate
(once / 837 pages)
vadj
To confiscate means to take away temporarily for security or legal reasons. It implies an act by an authority upon one of less power. If you use your cell phone in class, the teacher might confiscate it for the day.
Confiscate derives from the Latin confiscat, meaning "to store in a chest, or give to the treasury." In school, if the boys begin throwing pencils at each other, the teacher will confiscate them and "store” them in her desk. She’ll return them, however, when the boys need to take the test. That’s assuming they have not blinded each other beforehand.
WORD FAMILY
confiscate: confiscated, confiscates, confiscating, confiscation+/confiscation: confiscations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The terrorist group also benefited initially from the vast hard-currency holdings it confiscated when it seized banks in Iraqi and Syrian cities in 2014.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They confiscated two nonfiction books, including one about Mr. Gulen.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Police say they’ll warn people to put the items away, and will confiscate the items if their owners are being uncooperative.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 没收; 充公; 查抄; 征用
adj. 被没收的，被充公的; 被征用的
时态：confiscated, confiscating, confiscates
分布：没收(88%)，充公(12%)
→con-, 强调。-fisc, 篮子，钱篓，词源同basket,fiscal.
没收,把...充公[fisc=pruse(钱包)]
【参】fiscal（adj 财政的；会计的）；confiscation（n 没收；充公）
US ['kɑ:n-] verb transitive
■to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner （通常指作为惩罚）没收，把…充公
• Miss Edwards has confiscated my comics till the end of term! 爱德华兹小姐没收了我的漫画，要到学期末才还给我！
• His passport was confiscated by the police to prevent him from leaving the country. 警方没收了他的护照，以防他出境。
vt. 没收；充公；查抄
 - sequestrate, expropriate
adj. 被没收的
 - forfeit

Word: neuron
Front: neuron
[ˈnjʊərɒn] (六托 10575/9397 -1)
Vocabulary: neuron
(once / 10824 pages)
n
The cells in your nervous system are called neurons. Scientists believe there are approximately 90 billion neurons in your brain.
You can also call a neuron a nerve cell, or a cell whose job it is to carry electrochemical messages throughout the nervous system. In the 1880s, neuron was used to mean "the brain and spinal column," or the nervous system itself. Later in the nineteenth century, neuron came to mean "nerve cell with appendages," from the Greek neuro-, "nerve."
WORD FAMILY
neuron: neuronal, neuronic, neurons
USAGE EXAMPLES
B.D.N.F. helps neurons to grow and remain vigorous and also strengthens the synapses that connect neurons, allowing the brain to function better.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
The smallest functional entity of muscle is called a motor unit, which consists of a neuron and the muscle fibers it activates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Neurons, which signal specific targets in the brain, change, too.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 神经元; 神经细胞
分布：神经元(87%)，神经细胞(13%)
→neuro-,神经，-on,医学名词后缀。
US ['nʊr.ɑ:n/ (UK also neurone)
noun countable
■a nerve cell that carries information between the brain and other parts of the body 神经元，神经细胞
n. [解剖] 神经元，神经单位
 - nerve fiber

Word: rafter
Front: rafter
[ˈrɑ:ftə(r)] (宝 10571/15337 -1)
Back: n. 椽; 筏夫
vt. 装椽于
时态：raftered, raftering, rafters
分布：椽(75%)，屋梁(25%)
【记】源于：raft（n 木筏），er，感觉和rafter一样。
US ['ræf.tɚ] noun countable
■any of the large sloping pieces of wood which support a roof 椽子
n. [建] 椽；筏夫（等于raftsman）
 - viga

Word: compact
Front: compact
[kəmˈpækt] (研六托雅宝 6203/4495 -2)
Vocabulary: compact
(once / 422 pages)
1adjvn 2n
A compact is a signed written agreement that binds you to do what you've promised. It also refers to something small or closely grouped together, like the row of compact rental cars you see when you wanted a van.
As a verb, compact means "to compress or squeeze together," like how the garbage truck compacts your bags of trash. Compact, the adjective, describes something that is tightly packed together, like your luggage that is so compact it fits in the overhead compartment. Compact can also describe a brief summary, like a compact explanation of how the universe began that lasted only 10 minutes!
WORD FAMILY
compact: compacted, compactedly, compacting, compaction, compactly, compactness, compacts, subcompact+/ compaction: compactions/subcompact: subcompacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, regulations on expansion, to keep urbanisation as compact as possible, will be the bigger prerogative of cities, Creutzig says.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead they want to rewrite the social compact so individuals accept more responsibility and risk for their health care.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Certainly among Democrats, yes,” Alexander said of the will to join the compact.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 压紧，（使）坚实; 把…弄紧密，把…弄结实; 使（文体）简洁，简化; 变紧密，变结实
adj. 紧凑的; 简洁的，（文体等）紧凑的; 小巧易携带的; （物质）致密的，（体格）结实的
时态：compacted, compacting, compacts
分布：紧凑的(60%)，简洁的(14%)，紧密的(12%)，压实(5%)，使简洁(4%)，梳妆粉盒(2%)，使装满(2%)，合约条约(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pact, 固定，系紧，见pact, 协议，条约。
紧密的;合同(com+pact压紧→全部压紧→紧密的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
压实的,压缩的(com全部+pact→全部压紧→压缩的)[pact=fastened,表示"紧的"]
a.紧密的,结实的;简明的v.使紧凑,压缩The compact faction fractured because of friction.紧密小宗派由于摩擦破裂了.
【记】com共同，pact打包，压紧－共同压紧－紧凑的
【参】pact（n 合同，公约，协定）
US [ˈkɑːm-]
CASE 盒子
■a small flat case which contains women's face powder （装女性敷面粉用的）粉盒
• a powder compact 粉盒
noun countable UK [ˈkɒm.pækt] US [ˈkɑːm-]
CAR 汽车 US a small car 小型汽车
noun countable UK [ˈkɒm.pækt] US [ˈkɑːm-]
AGREEMENT 协定 formal
■a formal agreement between two or more people, organizations or countries 合约；契约；协定
• [+ to infinitive] They made a compact not to reveal any details. 他们互相约定不透露任何细节。
verb transitive /kəmˈpækt/ formal
■to press something together in a tight and solid way 压缩；把…压实；把…压紧
• Cars had compacted the snow until it was like ice. 汽车把雪碾得越来越结实，直到变得像冰一样。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
n. 合同，契约；小粉盒
 - stipulation, covenant
adj. [数] 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的
 - close, brief

Word: paradoxically
Front: paradoxically
[ˌpærə'dɒksɪklɪ] (六 10558/9920)
Back: adv. 反论; 荒谬; 自相矛盾; 似非而可能是
分布：自相矛盾地(51%)，反常地(41%)，似是而非的(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
自相矛盾的；似矛盾而（可能） 正确的
If something is paradoxical, it involves two facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.
例：Some sedatives produce the paradoxical effect of making the person more anxious...一些镇静剂适得其反，加重了患者的焦虑。
例：We were a team of individuals — as paradoxical as that sounds.我们是一个保持了个体的团队——尽管这听起来自相矛盾。
adv. 自相矛盾地；似非而是地；反常地
 - abnormally, eccentrically

Word: deli
Front: deli
[ˈdeli] (10576/26984)
Vocabulary: deli
(once / 16742 pages)
n
A deli is a market where you can buy prepared food or shop for staples including meat and cheese. You might have a favorite neighborhood deli where you go every morning for a bagel and coffee.
The word deli is a shortened form, or common nickname, of delicatessen, an American English version of the German delikatessen, the plural of delikatesse, "delicacy," or "fine food." Many delis specialize in the food of a certain region, country, or ethnicity — like a Jewish deli, a German deli, or a Greek deli. You can usually buy sandwiches, salads, drinks, and specialty foods at delis.
WORD FAMILY
deli: delis
USAGE EXAMPLES
The deli later named the sandwich after the director after he filmed key scenes for “Broadway Danny Rose” there.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“I am deeply saddened to witness the disappearance of a fellow culinary landmark,” Dell wrote about the Carnegie Deli.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Commissioners might start by ordering in sandwiches from a local deli.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <美口>熟食品，熟食店
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable informal for
■ delicatessen
n. [食品] 熟食店；熟食品（等于delicatessen）
 - charcuterie

Word: resilience
Front: resilience
[rɪˈzɪliəns] (雅宝 10578/14063)
Vocabulary: resilience
(once / 8237 pages)
n
Truly, your resilience, or ability to bounce back, is not just admirable, but foolhardy, some might say; who else could have survived an attack by a rabid toucan and then gone on to become a world-renowned bird breeder?
The noun resilience stems from the Latin resiliens “to rebound, recoil.” As a character trait, resilience is a person’s ability to recover quickly from unfortunate circumstances or illness. Runners who fall during a marathon only to pop back up and dash through the finish line show some serious resilience. Or Silly Putty that can stretch and stretch without breaking, and then come back to rest inside its egg-shaped carrying case — that’s resilience, or elasticity, for you.
WORD FAMILY
resilience: resiliences+/ resilient: nonresilient, resilience, resiliency, resiliently
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was more a story of resilience, of surviving a nightmarish third quarter and finding some kind of resolve in the closing minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The coaches and players use the word “resilience” to explain it without really explaining it.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet there is a resilience to this Stoke team.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 弹性; 弹力; 快速恢复的能力; 回弹
分布：弹性(85%)，适应力(15%)
→来自 resilient,有弹力的，有适应力的。
【记】re再，sili跳，ence－能再次跳起－弹回re反复，si死，lience：能反复的死，就能反复的恢复－弹回
【反】elasticity（n 弹力）－lack of resilience（缺乏弹性）；inelasticity（n 无伸缩性）；unable to recover/adjust（不能恢复/调整）
ADJ-GRADED
坚韧的;有弹性的;有韧性的;有回弹力的
Something that is resilient is strong and not easily damaged by being hit, stretched, or squeezed.
例：Cotton is more resistant to being squashed and polyester is more resilient.棉布更抗压，而涤纶更有弹性。
例：...an armchair of some resilient plastic material.由某种弹性塑料做成的扶手椅
ADJ-GRADED
能复原的;恢复快的;适应力强的
People and things that are resilient are able to recover easily and quickly from unpleasant or damaging events.
例：George Fraser was clearly a good soldier, calm and resilient...乔治·弗雷泽显然是个好士兵，沉着冷静且适应力强。
例：When the U.S. stock market collapsed in October 1987, the Japanese stock market was the most resilient.1987年10月美国股市崩盘后，日本股市是反弹最快的。
n. 恢复力； [力] 弹力；顺应力
 - elasticity, elastic force

Word: encircle
Front: encircle
[ɪnˈsɜ:kl] (10550/12255 -1)
Vocabulary: encircle
(once / 787 pages)
v
To encircle is to surround, or to make a circle around. On the last night of summer camp, the counselors and campers traditionally encircle the campfire and sing songs.
Prisons are encircled by barbed wire fences, and hot, damp pavement encircles most public swimming pools. When you hug your little sister, you encircle her with your arms. If your tomato plants are growing too tall and flopping over, you should encircle them with twine to hold them up. Encircle adds the prefix en-, "make or put in" to circle, from its Latin root circus, or "ring."
WORD FAMILY
encircle: encircled, encirclement, encircles, encircling+/ circle: circled, circles, circlet, circling, circular, encircle, semicircle/ circlet: circlets/circular: circularise, circularity, circularize, circularly, circulars, circulate /circularise: circularisation, circularised, circularises, circularising/circularity: circularities/circularize: circularization, circularized, circularizing/ circulate: circulated, circulates, circulating, circulation, circulative, circulatory/circulation: circulations, recirculation/encirclement: encirclements/encircling: encirclingly/semicircle: semicircles, semicircular/semicircular: semicircularly
USAGE EXAMPLES
With most of its cities encircled by landfill, rapidly urbanizing China is also struggling to deal with growing amounts of waste.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Newly recruited Syrian Arab militia fighters, allied with experienced Kurdish fighters, are encircling Raqqa.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The vaccine opens up new, faster, more efficient ways to encircle and strangle the virus.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 包围; 围绕
时态：encircled, encircling, encircles
分布：包围(61%)，环绕(39%)
→en-, 进入，使。circle, 圈。
环绕,包围(en进入＋circle;圆→进入圆→包围)[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
US [-'sɝ:-] verb transitive
■to surround something, forming a circle around it 围绕；环绕
• The house is encircled by a high fence. 房屋四周围着高高的栅栏。
• Villaverde is one of the high-rise districts that encircle Madrid. 马德里周边有很多高楼建筑区，维拉维尔德就是其中一个。
enclose, fence, encircle, surround, envelop
这组词都有“包围”的意思，其区别是：
enclose: 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。
fence: 通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来。
encircle: 侧重在某事物周围围成圈状。
surround: 普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围。
envelop: 着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。
vt. 包围；围绕；环绕
 - case, invest, zone

Word: eclipse
Front: eclipse
[ɪˈklɪps] (研六托雅 7609/12521 -1)
Vocabulary: eclipse
(once / 650 pages)
nv
Have you ever seen an eclipse? That's when the sun, earth or moon cross paths and cover each other up temporarily.
A solar eclipse happens when the moon blocks our view of the sun for a bit. A lunar eclipse happens when the moon is on one side of the earth and the sun directly opposite, so the moon disappears. A TV eclipse, perhaps the most serious of all, is when your dad walks in at the most crucial part of the movie and blocks your view of the TV while he lectures about taking out the trash.
WORD FAMILY
eclipse: eclipsed, eclipses, eclipsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
If reports are to be believed, 2017 will offer up what's been described as the eclipse of the century.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Some hotels are offering special packages and say they’re already getting a boost in business nearly a year before the eclipse.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The senior running back led a quartet of Falcons players who eclipsed 600 yards rushing this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [天]（日、月）食; 消失，黯然失色; 漆黑
vt. 使黯然失色; 形成日（或月）食
时态：eclipsed, eclipsing, eclipses
分布：丧失(40%)，形成日或月食(15%)，没落(15%)，日或月食(15%)，使 ... 黯然失色(15%)
→ec-, 向外。-lipse, 留下，词源同leave, ellipse. 即留下一块阴影的。
日(ce[=e出]+lips+e[太阳]离开→日)[lips=leave,表示"离开"]
n.日食,月食The moon is partly eclipsed.发生了部分月蚀.
【记】lipse＝leave离开一名声离去－名声跌落；黯然失色ec出，lip嘴唇，se：癞吻死妓噘嘴亲你一下－名声跌落
【参】lapse（v 时间流逝n 失误）
【反】make distinctive（使与众不同）；make more prominent / bring to more prominent（使更加卓越）
noun
SUN 太阳
countable
■when the sun disappears from view, either completely or partly, while the moon is moving between it and the Earth, or when the moon becomes darker while the shadow of the Earth moves over it 日蚀；月蚀
• a solar/lunar eclipse 日／月蚀
• On Wednesday there will be a total/partial eclipse of the sun. 周三将有一次日全／偏蚀。
[ɪ'klɪps] noun
IMPORTANCE 重要性
[S or U] literary
■when something becomes less important 黯然失色
• The eclipse of the ruling political party was inevitable. 执政党大势已去，无可挽回。
• His remarkable contribution to literature has been too long in eclipse. 他对文学的杰出贡献已被人们遗忘太久了。
[ɪ'klɪps] verb
SUN 太阳
transitive
■to make an eclipse of the moon or sun 食；遮掩（天体）的光
• The moon will be totally eclipsed at 12.10 pm. 晚上十二点十分会出现月全蚀。
[ɪ'klɪps] verb
IMPORTANCE 重要性
transitive often passive
■to make another person or thing seem much less important, good or famous 掩没…的重要性（或优点、声誉等）；凌驾…之上；光芒盖过…
• The economy has eclipsed all other issues during this election campaign. 这次大选期间，经济问题成为压倒性的重大议题。

Word: generously
Front: generously
['dʒenərəslɪ] (10555/8545 -K)
Back: adv. 慷慨地; 不吝啬地; 丰富地; 丰盛地
分布：宽大地(50%)，慷慨地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
（尤指在钱财上）慷慨的，大方的
A generous person gives more of something, especially money, than is usual or expected.
例：German banks are more generous in their lending...德国银行的借贷条件更为宽松。
例：The gift is generous by any standards.无论以哪个标准来衡量，这都是一份厚礼。
ADJ-GRADED
宽厚的；仁慈的；宽宏大量的
A generous person is friendly, helpful, and willing to see the good qualities in someone or something.
例：He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge...他从不吝啬与人分享自己渊博的知识。
例：He was generous enough to congratulate his successor on his decision.他十分大度地祝贺他的继任者做出了决定。
ADJ-GRADED
丰富的；大量的；充足的
A generous amount of something is much larger than is usual or necessary.
例：...a generous six weeks of annual holiday...充裕的6个星期长的年假
例：He should be able to keep his room tidy with the generous amount of storage space.有那么宽绰的储物空间，他应该可以保持房间的整齐。
adv. 慷慨地；宽大地；丰盛地
 - freely, bountifully

Word: hydraulic
Front: hydraulic
[haɪˈdrɔ:lɪk] (六 10564/11938 -1)
Vocabulary: hydraulic
(once / 3370 pages)
adj
The adjective hydraulic refers to a process using pressurized water or other fluid to generate great mechanical power, without the wear and tear of gears or levers. Hydraulic systems are popular for use in heavy-duty machinery.
It might seem odd that the original Greek word hydraulikós from which hydraulic comes referred to water (hydra) and also to a musical instrument made from a hollow tube (aulos). You might ask, "What's a musical instrument got to do with hydraulics?" Well, you can see the connection when you know that something that's hydraulic means it is operated through the pressure of water or liquid through a pipe or hose, easily generating great force (instead of music).
WORD FAMILY
hydraulic: hydraulically, hydraulics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their six-year odyssey turned the village of Dimock into a battleground over the nation’s shale drilling and hydraulic fracturing boom.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Such sculpting required great earthworking and hydraulic engineering, and Brown used techniques developed for the nascent industry of canal building.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Some national forests in other states already allow hydraulic fracturing.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 水力的，水压的; 用水发动的; [建]水硬的; 水力学的
分布：水力的(44%)，水压的(39%)，液压的(17%)
→来自希腊语hydraulikos,水管，水道，来自hydor,水，词源同water,aulos,管道，词源同alveolus.如现西班牙古城塞哥维亚(Segovia)修建于古罗马时期距今已2000余年的输水道。引申词义水力的，液压的。
US [-'drɑ:.lɪk] adjective
■operated by or involving the pressure of water or some other liquid 水压的；液压的
• a hydraulic lift/platform/pump 液压升降机／升降平台／泵
adj. [机] 液压的； [建] [流] [水利] 水力的；水力学的
 - waterpower

Word: coroner
Front: coroner
[ˈkɒrənə(r)] (10554/6260 -1)
Vocabulary: coroner
(once / 1309 pages)
n
A coroner is a scientist with a grim specialty: a coroner studies dead bodies and figures out the cause of death.
If you've ever watched a TV show or movie about crime, chances are you've seen a character who was a coroner. If someone dies of a heart attack, there's not much need for a coroner, because everyone knows how they died. When the circumstances are unclear or suspicious, a coroner is needed. Coroners are very helpful in solving crimes.
WORD FAMILY
coroner: coroners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Clark County coroner says Anthony Eugene Hodges died of a gunshot to the chest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The coroner’s office ruled Gilbert’s death an accident.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lewis and Clark County Deputy Coroner Heather Tupper says authorities responded to the discovery at an intersection about two blocks south of Forestvale Cemetery.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 验尸官; 法医
分布：验尸官(100%)
→来自crown, 王冠。原指王室管家，后功能和职责发生了变化。
US ['kɔ:r.ən.ɚ] noun countable
■an official who examines the reasons for a person's death, especially if it was violent or unexpected （尤指调查暴死死因的）验尸官
n. 验尸官
 - crowner

Word: finger
Front: finger
[ˈfɪŋgə(r)] (中高研四六 1042/1109 -K4)
Back: n. 手指; 指状物; 指针
vt. 伸出; 告发; 用手指触摸
vi. 用手指触摸; 拨弄
时态：fingered, fingering, fingers
分布：指针(61%)，触碰(26%)，用指抚摸(13%)
→来自penkwe, 五，词源同five，fist.用于指手指。
n.手指;指状物;指针The tenderer surrendered her tremendously slender tender fingers.投标者交出了她异常纤细娇嫩的手指.
US [-gɚ] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■any of the long thin separate parts of the hand, especially those which are not thumbs （尤指除大拇指之外的）手指
• He noticed her long delicate fingers. 他注意到她纤细修长的手指。
• I cut my finger chopping onions last night. 我昨晚切洋葱时割破了手指。
⇒ See also forefinger;index finger;ring finger;little finger
■a part of a glove (= hand covering) which covers a finger （手套）套手指的部分，指部
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
be all fingers and thumbs UK (US be all thumbs)
■to move your hands in an awkward way 手不够灵巧；笨手笨脚
• I'm all fingers and thumbs today. That's the second plate I've dropped this morning. 我今天笨手笨脚的，这已经是我今天早上打碎的第二个碟子了。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
cross your fingers (also keep your fingers crossed)
■to hope that things will happen in the way that you want them to 祈求好运
• It's her exam this morning so cross your fingers. 今天上午她要考试，祝她好运吧。
• We're just hoping the weather stays nice and keeping our fingers crossed. 我们希望好天气能持续下去，并祈求天公做美。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
give sb the finger US
■to show someone in an offensive way that you are angry with them by turning the back of your hand towards them and putting your middle finger up 向（某人）竖起中指（手背朝外，表示愤怒，具有冒犯性）
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
have a finger in every pie
■to be involved in and have influence over many different activities, often in a way that people do not approve of （常指不受欢迎地）凡事插手，到处干预
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
have a finger in the pie
■to be involved in something, often when your involvement is not wanted 参与某事；（常指）多管闲事
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
have your fingers in the till UK
■to steal money from the place where you work 内盗，监守自盗
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
not lift/raise a finger
■to not make any effort to help 不（肯）帮一点忙，不（愿）尽举手之劳
• He never lifts a finger to help with the housework. 他从不帮忙做家务。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
point the finger at sb
■to accuse someone of being responsible for something bad that has happened 指责（某人）
• Unhappy tourists have pointed the finger at unhelpful travel agents. 不满的游客纷纷指责旅行代办人办事不力。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
pull/get your finger out UK informal
■to start working hard, especially after a period of low activity （尤指在一段不太活跃的时期过后）开始努力工作
• She's really going to have to pull her finger out if she wants to finish before Friday. 她要是想在星期五之前完成，就必须赶紧再加把劲。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] noun countable
put your finger on sth
■to discover the exact reason why a situation is the way it is, especially when something is wrong 确切地指出（尤指出错的原因）
• There's something odd about him but I can't quite put my finger on it. 他有点不对劲，但我说不出到底是甚么。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] verb transitive
TOUCH 触碰
■to touch or feel something with your fingers 用手指触碰；抚摸
• She fingered her necklace absent-mindedly as she talked. 她说话时心不在焉地拨弄着项炼。
UK ['fɪŋ.gər] US [-gɚ] verb transitive
TELL THE POLICE 告诉员警 informal
■If you finger someone, you tell the police that they are guilty of a crime. （向员警）指证，告发（罪犯）
n. 手指；指针，指状物
 - index, pointer
vt. 伸出；用手指拨弄
 - extend, reach out

Word: measured
Front: measured
[ˈmeʒəd] (宝 10581/11158)
Vocabulary: measured
(once / 318 pages)
adj
Things done in a deliberate, rhythmic way are measured. When you're walking toward a deer in the woods, trying not to scare it off, you'll take slow, measured steps.
When you meditate, you take measured breaths and pay attention to the inhale and exhale. And your measured strides up the side of a mountain trail will carry you more quickly to the top than short, erratic bursts of walking and stopping. Measured also means "thoughtful" or "careful," like the measured words you use in your delicately worded resignation letter.
WORD FAMILY
measured: measuredly, unmeasured+/countermeasure: countermeasures/ immeasurable: immeasurablest, immeasurably/measurable: immeasurable, measurability, measurably, unmeasurable/ measure: countermeasure, measurable, measured, measureless, measurement, measurer, measures, measuring/measureless: measurelessly/ measurement: measurements/measurer: measurers/measuring: measurings/unmeasurable: unmeasurably
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was sent home two days later, diagnosed with a tumor in her left lung that measured almost 9 centimeters.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But Jacobs also thought of something else, something that should resonate across a town whose sports seasons are measured by scabs and scars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Halfway through his term, the Indian prime minister’s popularity is still enormous, measured at 81% by a Pew poll in September.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 仔细斟酌的，慎重的; 缓慢而又有节奏的
v. 量( measure的过去式和过去分词 ); 测量; 衡量; 量出
分布：慎重的(44%)，量过的(28%)，有韵律的(14%)，动词measure的过去式和过去分词.(7%)，缓慢有节奏的(7%)
→来自measure,测量，衡量。比喻用法。
【反】inappropriate（adj 不适当的）
US [-ɚd] adjective
■careful and controlled, or not fast 慎重的，经仔细考虑的，有分寸的
• Her response to their criticism was calm and measured. 对于他们的批评，她的反应平静而审慎。
adj. 量过的；慎重的；基于标准的；有规则的
 - circumspective, deliberative
v. 测量，判断（measure的过去分词）
 - gauged

Word: boldly
Front: boldly
['bəʊldlɪ] (10559/9702)
Back: adv. 大胆地，显眼地; 冒
分布：大胆地(60%)，显眼地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
大胆的；勇敢的；无畏的
Someone who is bold is not afraid to do things which involve risk or danger.
例：Amrita becomes a bold, daring rebel...阿姆里塔成了一个勇敢无畏的叛逆者。
例：In 1960 this was a bold move...在1960年，这是一个大胆的举动。
ADJ-GRADED
（在众人面前）大胆的，放肆的，莽撞的
Someone who is bold is not shy or embarrassed in the company of other people.
例：I don't feel I'm being bold, because it's always been natural for me to just speak out about whatever disturbs me.我不觉得我有什么唐突，因为我素来心直口快，有什么烦心的都会说出来。
ADJ-GRADED
（色彩或图案）明亮的，醒目的
A bold colour or pattern is very bright and noticeable.
例：...bold flowers in various shades of red, blue or white.色彩鲜艳、浓淡不一的红、蓝、白色花朵
例：...bold, dramatic colours.醒目生动的色彩
ADJ-GRADED
(线条）粗重的；（图案）清晰的
Bold lines or designs are drawn in a clear, strong way.
例：Each picture is shown in colour on one page and as a bold outline on the opposite page.每幅图片的彩样都单独印在一页上，而在该页的背面会映出清晰的轮廓。
N-UNCOUNT
（印刷字体）粗体字，黑体字
Bold is print which is thicker and looks blacker than ordinary printed letters.
adv. 大胆地；冒失地；显眼地
 - daringly, pluckily

Word: lotion
Front: lotion
[ˈləʊʃn] (10544/15208 -1)
Back: n. 洗液，洗剂; 护肤液，乳液
分布：洗剂(40%)，乳液(33%)，洗液(21%)，护肤液(6%)
→来自拉丁语lotio,清洗，词源同lava,dilute,antediluvian.引申词义洁肤液，润肤乳等。
US ['loʊ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a liquid that you put on your skin in order to protect it, improve its condition or make it smell pleasant 护肤油，润肤露
• suntan lotion 防晒油
n. 洗液；洗涤剂
 - washing liquor, washer liquid

Word: delicately
Front: delicately
['delɪkətlɪ] (10583/10059)
Back: adv. 优美地，精致地，微妙地
分布：精致地(30%)，优美地(30%)，微妙地(20%)，巧妙地(10%)，谨慎地(10%)
ADJ-GRADED
娇美的;精美的;雅致的;纤细的
Something that is delicate is small and beautifully shaped.
例：He had delicate hands.他有一双纤细的手。
例：...an evergreen tree with large flame-coloured leaves and delicate blossom.长着火红色大叶子、开着娇嫩花朵的常青树
ADJ-GRADED
(颜色)柔和的;(味道)鲜美的，清淡可口的;（气味）清香的
Something that is delicate has a colour, taste, or smell which is pleasant and not strong or intense.
例：Young haricot beans have a tender texture and a delicate, subtle flavour...嫩菜豆口感细腻，味道清香、淡雅。
例：The colours are delicate and shimmering.这些颜色柔和且闪烁微光。
ADJ-GRADED
娇贵的;脆弱的;易碎的
If something is delicate, it is easy to harm, damage, or break, and needs to be handled or treated carefully.
例：Although the coral looks hard, it is very delicate.珊瑚虽然看上去坚固，实际上非常易碎。
例：...a washing machine catering for every fabric — even the most delicate.适合洗涤各种织物的洗衣机——即使是最易损的也没问题
ADJ-GRADED
娇弱的;柔弱的
Someone who is delicate is not healthy and strong, and becomes ill easily.
例：She was physically delicate and psychologically unstable.她身体孱弱，心理上也不够稳定。
ADJ-GRADED
微妙的;棘手的;需要小心处理的
You use delicate to describe a situation, problem, matter, or discussion that needs to be dealt with carefully and sensitively in order to avoid upsetting things or offending people.
例：The European members are afraid of upsetting the delicate balance of political interests...欧洲成员国害怕会打乱各政治利益集团间的微妙平衡。
例：This sensitive book tackles the delicate issue of adoption with care and simplicity...这本敏感的书谨慎、简洁地讨论了收养这一微妙问题。
ADJ-GRADED
技巧性很强的;注重细节的
A delicate task, movement, action, or product needs or shows great skill and attention to detail.
例：...a long and delicate operation carried out at a hospital in Florence...在佛罗伦萨一家医院里进行的一场耗时长、难度高的手术
例：Each motion must be delicate and precise, involving tiny movements.每一个动作都必须小心、准确，一点点地移动。
adv. 微妙地；精致地；优美地
 - exquisitely, elegantly

Word: impediment
Front: impediment
[ɪmˈpedɪmənt] (托宝 10593/14161 -1)
Vocabulary: impediment
(once / 1539 pages)
n
An impediment is anything that slows or blocks progress. It can refer to a physical thing, like a fallen tree in the road, or something more intangible, like how piracy is an impediment to the pleasure cruise industry in Somalia.
See the pedi in there? Pedi means "feet" and hundreds of years ago, the word impediment referred to shackling one's feet. Now its use has broadened considerably. Impediment is something that blocks or impedes your path. There's no end to the things in your life that can be considered impediments: your small bank account, your terrible childhood, your country's economic malaise — any one of these could be considered an impediment in your quest for happiness.
WORD FAMILY
impediment: impediments+/ impede: impeded, impedes, impediment, impeding/impeded: unimpeded/unimpeded: unimpededly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigations into the Russian hacking efforts to influence the 2016 election are also a major impediment.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Corps officials say lack of money is the chief impediment.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If we really thought of the helmets as being an impediment we’d be actively trying to address the issue.”
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 妨碍，阻止; 口吃，结巴; 障碍物; 法定婚姻的障碍
分布：障碍(64%)，阻碍(19%)，口吃(17%)
→来自impede,阻碍。
阻碍,阻碍物(impede妨碍+i+ment)[ped=foot,表示"脚"]
[ɪm'ped.ɪ.mənt] formal
noun countable
■something that makes progress, movement, or achieving something difficult or impossible 障碍，阻碍，妨碍
• In a number of developing countries, war has been an additional impediment to progress. 在一些发展中国家，战争成了发展的另一障碍。
⇒ See also speech impediment
n. 口吃；妨碍；阻止
 - prevention, intervention, violation, check

Word: burglary
Front: burglary
[ˈbɜ:gləri] (10553/7225 -1)
Vocabulary: burglary
(once / 2419 pages)
n
A burglary is committed when a person breaks into a building with the intent of committing a crime, especially if the crime is to steal valuable items.
What's the difference between burglary and robbery? In a burglary, the criminal has to enter the building or structure illegally (breaking and entering), and the victim of the theft is unlikely to have contact with the burglar — or to even know about the theft until after the burglar is gone. In a robbery, however, a victim has to be present, and the criminal commits the crime by using violence or threatening the victim with violence.
WORD FAMILY
burglary: burglaries, burglarious, burglarise, burglarize +/ burglar: burglars/burglarious: burglariously/burglarise: burglarised, burglarising/ burglarize: burglarized, burglarizes, burglarizing/ burgle: burglar, burglary, burgled, burgles, burgling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Minnesota’s burglary law includes entering a building without consent and with the intent to commit a crime.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bank Stadium in Minneapolis during a Minnesota Vikings’ game is suspected of burglary.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Burglaries are down 16 percent, and robberies and incidents of stolen vehicles are down 12 percent.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 夜盗，盗窃; 夜盗行为
分布：盗窃行为(100%)
US ['bɝ:.glɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the crime of illegally entering a building and stealing things 入室盗窃（罪）
n. 盗窃，夜盗；盗窃行为
 - theft, ripoff

Word: dynasty
Front: dynasty
[ˈdɪnəsti] (高研 10552/7797 -1)
Vocabulary: dynasty
(once / 585 pages)
n
A dynasty is a series of leaders in the same family, like the British Royal Family, or a local business dynasty, in which four generations have made their fortune at the family store.
The word dynasty, pronounced "DIE-nas-tee," comes from the Greek word dynasteia, meaning "power, lordship, sovereignty." If you are part of a dynasty, you probably do have power — and also wealth, privilege. But there is also pressure to achieve as much as your parents, grandparents, and other relatives. Another kind of dynasty is found in sports — a team that wins many championships is a dynasty.
WORD FAMILY
dynasty: dynastic, dynasties+/dynastic: dynastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Half-a-dozen revolts that he helped organise against an ossified Qing dynasty were failures.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
But Trump used his reality-TV-burnished fame to scale new heights, with help from people like the Robertsons of “Duck Dynasty.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The victory places Alabama on the edge of furthering what already may be the greatest dynasty in modern college football history.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 王朝; 朝代
分布：王朝(84%)，朝代(16%)
→来自希腊语dynamis, 力量，权力，统治者。引申词义朝代。
王朝(dynast+y)[dyn,dynam=power,表示"力量"]
n.王朝,朝代He was a mandarin of the Qin dynasty.他是秦朝的官吏.
US ['daɪ.nə-] noun countable
■a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family, or a period when a country is ruled by them 王朝，朝代
• The Mogul dynasty ruled over India for centuries. 蒙兀儿王朝统治印度数世纪。

Word: rediscover
Front: rediscover
[ˌri:dɪˈskʌvə(r)] (10565/11602 -1)
Vocabulary: rediscover
(once / 4343 pages)
v
When you rediscover something, you find it or claim it again, the way you rediscover your Scottish heritage after you rediscover your fondness for wearing a kilt and playing the bagpipe.
People who rediscover their roots or their past get back in touch with something that had been lost or hidden for some time. Making your mom's chocolate chip cookie recipe, for example, might help you rediscover your love of baking after being out of practice for years. Rediscover adds the "again" prefix re- to discover, which comes from the Latin roots dis-, "opposite of," and cooperire, "to cover up."
WORD FAMILY
rediscover: rediscovered, rediscovering, rediscovers, rediscovery+/ discover: discoverable, discovered, discoverer, discovering, discovers, discovery, rediscover /discoverable: discoverably, undiscoverable/discovered: undiscovered/discoverer: co-discoverer, discoverers/ discovery: discoveries, self-discovery/rediscovery: rediscoveries/undiscoverable: undiscoverably/undiscovered: undiscoveredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s because the Kings rediscovered their possession game for the first two periods.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Peevey was aware, of course, that the Lord works in mysterious ways, so she’s not at all certain how her childhood recording was rediscovered.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A national powerhouse under Don James, the Huskies spent much of the past two decades trying to rediscover their swagger.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 再次（重新）发现
时态：rediscovered, rediscovering, rediscovers
分布：重新发现(100%)
→re-,再，重新，discover,发现。
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to find something or someone again after losing or forgetting about them for a long time 再发现；重新发现；重新找到
• Ashia Hansen rediscovered her best form with a morale-boosting win in the triple jump. 阿西亚．汉森在三级跳远中获胜，从而使得她信心大增，重回最佳状态。
• After her husband Ivor's death in 1976, she rediscovered the joys of bowling and golf. 她丈夫艾弗在1976年去世后，她又重新找回了打保龄球和高尔夫球的乐趣。

Word: watery
Front: watery
[ˈwɔ:təri] (六 10596/12039 -1)
Back: adj. 含水的，水分多的; 水一般的; 无味的; 有雨意的
分布：潮湿的(60%)，苍白暗淡的(20%)，含水过多的(20%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.i] adjective
■containing or filled with water 含水过多的
• watery eyes 水汪汪的眼睛
• a thin, watery fluid 一种稀薄而含水多的流体
■disapproving
■(of food or drink) containing too much water and therefore weak in taste （食物或饮料）含水过多的，味道淡的
• watery soup/coffee 味道很淡的汤／咖啡
■pale or weak in colour or strength 颜色淡的；苍白无力的
• The sun shed its thin watery light over the sea. 淡淡的阳光照在海面上。
UK ['wɔ:.tər.i] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ.i] adjective
watery grave literary
■death by drowning (= dying because you cannot breathe under water) 溺水而亡
• It was off the coast of Italy that Shelley went to his watery grave. 雪丽正是在义大利海岸附近溺水而亡的。
adj. 水的；淡的；湿的；松软的；有雨意的
 - aqueous, enhydrous

Word: disco
Front: disco
[ˈdɪskəʊ] (雅 10557/5777 -2)
Vocabulary: disco
(once / 5631 pages)
nv
Disco is music with a heavy bass beat that’s fun to dance to. The heyday of disco was 1970s America, where people wore satin bell-bottoms and big Afros and went to nightclubs and did some serious disco dancing!
When you go to a disco, you can recreate some of the dance moves of the 1970s. If you need inspiration, check out the movie Saturday Night Fever and shake your hips under a giant disco ball. Disco is an American English invention from the 1960s, a shortened form of discotheque, a French word that means both "club for dancing" and also "record library." A DJ spins records, or discs, at the disco.
WORD FAMILY
disco: discoed, discoing, discos
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you like it live, with rich instrumentation, there’s Escort, New York’s disco big band.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The French duo Justice, whose 2011 album “Audio, Video, Disco” explored bombastic progressive rock territory, returned to futuristic funk grooves for their latest album, “Woman.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On the first Wham! album, “Fantastic,” from 1983, they poked around in styles from disco to rap.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 迪斯科舞厅，迪斯科舞会; 的士高
分布：迪斯科舞厅(79%)，跳迪斯科舞(14%)，迪斯科舞曲(7%)
US [-koʊ] noun
DANCE 舞蹈
 ADVANCED countable (plural discos) (old-fashioned discotheque)
■an event where people dance to modern recorded music for entertainment, or a place where this often happens 的士高；迪斯可舞会；迪斯可舞厅
• disco lights 的士高／迪斯可舞厅的灯光设备
UK ['dɪs.kəʊ] US [-koʊ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable (also disco music)
■a type of music that people dance to in a nightclub , that was popular in the 1970s 的士高／迪斯可音乐

Word: downsize
Front: downsize
[ˈdaʊnsaɪz] (10592/30930)
Vocabulary: downsize
(once / 11703 pages)
1v 2v
To downsize is to make something smaller. You might downsize your collection of vintage china by selling everything that's nicked or chipped.
You can downsize the items you own by giving them away, and you can downsize your living situation by moving from a huge house to a very small apartment. When a company downsizes, it almost always means it's reducing the number of employees, making the company smaller by laying them off. This last meaning has only been around since the 1980s.
WORD FAMILY
downsize: downsized, downsizes, downsizing+/downsizing: downsizings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some, like Ms. Degliantoni, the fund-raising executive, simply downsize their expectations.
New York Times(Jul 13, 2012)
On its face, downsizing a river doesn’t sound like a big victory for environmentalists.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
At its simplest, it’s a social and architectural movement in which people downsize the space they live in.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 以较小尺寸设计（或制造），缩小（汽车等的）外部尺寸
分布：缩小规模(67%)，以较小尺寸设计或制造(33%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■If you downsize a company or organization, you make it smaller by reducing the number of people working for it, and if it downsizes, it becomes smaller in this way （使）减员，（使）（公司或组织）瘦身
• to downsize your workforce/company 减少你的劳动力人数／实行公司减员
• The plight of the Asian economy is forcing businesses to downsize. 亚洲经济所处的困境正迫使企业进行裁员。

Word: heap
Front: heap
[hi:p] (高研四六雅 7087/5596 -2)
Vocabulary: heap
(once / 163 pages)
1nv 2n
A great big pile of something is a heap. Your sloppy brother might keep all of his clothes in a heap on his bedroom floor.
A heap can be a literal mound of things — a heap of money in your piggy bank, or a heap of wet towels beside the pool — or it can be a figurative pile. For example, you might worry that if you're caught eating your roommate's pizza you'll be in a heap of trouble. Heap is also a verb, as when you heap compliments on your best friend. Since 1924 heap has also meant "junky old car."
WORD FAMILY
heap: heaped, heaping, heaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
The canoe was heaped with valuable trade goods: copper, flint, weapons, textiles, and beer.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Bags of clothing are heaped on the floor, and the windows are sealed with aluminum tape for warmth.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 堆，堆积; <口>许多，大量; <俚>破车
vt. 扔成一堆; 完全填满，灌满; 大量或奢侈的赠予
时态：heaped, heaping, heaps
分布：堆(95%)，许多(3%)，使成堆(1%)，装满(1%)
→可能来自古英语heah,高的，词源同high.由高引申词义堆积，大块。
n.(一)堆,大量,许多v.(up)堆,堆起The reaper leaped over a heap of cheap weapons.收割者跃过一堆廉价的武器.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an untidy pile or mass of things （凌乱的）一堆
• a heap of clothes/rubbish 一堆衣服／垃圾
[hi:p] noun countable
the bottom of the heap
■People who are at the bottom of the heap are poor and unsuccessful and have the lowest position in society. 社会的最底层
[hi:p] noun countable
collapse/fall in a heap
■to fall down heavily and lie on the ground without moving 倒下瘫成一团
• The woman staggered and collapsed in a heap. 那个女人踉跄倒地，蜷曲成一团。
[hi:p] noun countable
a (whole) heap of sth informal
■a lot of something 大量的…
• I've got a whole heap of work to do. 我有很多工作要做。
[hi:p] verb transitive + adverb or preposition
■to put things into a large untidy pile 堆积；使成堆
• He heaped more food onto his plate. 他在他的盘子里堆了更多的食物。
[hi:p] verb transitive + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  heap sth on sb
■to give someone a lot of praise/criticism, etc 对（某人）大加（赞扬、批评等）
• He deals well with all the criticism heaped on him. 对于针对他的一大堆批评，他应对得很好。
heap, gather, pile, accumulate, amass, collect
这组词都有“积聚，聚集，积累”的意思，其区别是：
heap: 主要指把沙、石、煤、草等堆高，不强调整齐。
gather: 普通用词，指人或物或抽象事物都可用。侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集。
pile: 着重指比较整齐地把东西堆积在一起。
accumulate: 几乎可用于指任何事物量的增加，侧重连续不断地，一点一滴地聚积。
amass: 着重大量地积聚，尤指对如金钱、珠宝等有价值东西的大量积聚。
collect: 普通用词，多用于指物，侧重指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来。
n. 堆；许多；累积
 - lots of, pile, accumulation, sea, hundred
vt. 堆；堆积
 - bank up, stack up

Word: buttocks
Front: buttocks
[bʌtəks] (10582/-)
Back: n. 臀部; 臀部，屁股( buttock的名词复数 )
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
屁股；臀部
Your buttocks are the two rounded fleshy parts of your body that you sit on.
n. 臀部；纵剖线（buttock的复数）
 - bottoms, hunkers

Word: forcefully
Front: forcefully
['fɔ:sfəlɪ] (10569/13768)
Back: adv. 强有力地
分布：强有力地(60%)，有说服力地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
(人)强有力的，有说服力的
If you describe someone as forceful, you approve of them because they express their opinions and wishes in a strong, emphatic, and confident way.
例：He was a man of forceful character, with considerable insight and diplomatic skills.他是一个性格坚定的人，非常有见解，外交手段高明。
ADJ-GRADED
有影响力的;有效的;使人感触深刻的
Something that is forceful has a very powerful effect and causes you to think or feel something very strongly.
例：It made a very forceful impression on me...它给我留下了深刻的印象。
例：For most people a heart attack is a forceful reminder that they are mortal.对多数人来说，心脏病发作会强烈地提醒他们终有一天自己会死去。
ADJ-GRADED
有说服力的;使人信服的
A forceful point or argument in a discussion is one that is good, valid, and convincing.
adv. 强有力地；激烈地；有说服力地
 - strongly, bitter

Word: bewildered
Front: bewildered
[bɪ'wɪldəd] (10588/8805 -1)
Vocabulary: bewildered
(once / 456 pages)
adj
If a conversation about quantum mechanics leaves you feeling bewildered, or lost and befuddled, don't feel bad: physics is a baffling and confusing subject.
Be- + wildered = "thoroughly gone astray, into the wild," which is pretty much what our minds do when we don't understand something, when we don't even come close to understanding it. If you're bewildered, you are confused on a whole new level. You may even find your confusion confusing. Great synonyms for this word include at sea, bemused, confounded, and mixed-up.
WORD FAMILY
bewildered: bewilderedly+/ bewilder: bewildered, bewildering, bewilderment, bewilders/bewildering: bewilderingly/ bewilderment: bewilderments
USAGE EXAMPLES
While his stance is one of self-deprecating bewilderment, he is also often genuinely bewildered.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Onuaku debuted the form in Greece, while playing in an international under-19 tournament for Team USA, to snickering, bewildered teammates.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Fiji’s rugby sevens team bewildered everyone and won their country’s very first gold medal.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 困惑的; 晕眩的; 混乱的; 不知所措的
v. 使困惑
分布：困惑的(88%)，动词bewilder的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
困惑不解的；不知所措的；晕头转向的
If you are bewildered, you are very confused and cannot understand something or decide what you should do.
例：Some shoppers looked bewildered by the sheer variety of goods on offer.光是摆在那里的各式商品就让一些购物者晕头转向了。
adj. 困惑的；眩
 - confused, puzzled, troubled
v. 使困惑（bewilder的过去分词）
 - disconcerted

Word: resurrect
Front: resurrect
[ˌrezəˈrekt] (宝 10572/13690 -1)
Vocabulary: resurrect
(once / 1104 pages)
v
To resurrect is to bring someone back from the dead. You can also resurrect things that are inactive or out of use.
If you've ever seen someone bring a dead person back to life in a science fiction or fantasy movie, you saw them resurrect someone. Turning someone into a zombie or vampire is a type of resurrecting, and in the Bible Jesus resurrects Lazurus. Also, this word can apply to any kind of revival. A song can resurrect faded memories. A forgotten project can be resurrected if you start it up again. Resurrecting always involves bringing something back to life.
WORD FAMILY
resurrect: resurrected, resurrecting, resurrection, resurrects+/ resurrection: resurrections
USAGE EXAMPLES
Filmmakers are tapping advances in digital technology to resurrect characters after a performer dies, most notably in "Rogue One: A Star Wars Story."
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
The duo is working a familiar case: a woman commits suicide by shooting herself in front of witnesses—only to resurrect days later.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
President Jimmy Carter canceled the B-1 bomber program in June 1977, although it was resurrected by his White House successor, Ronald Reagan.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使复活; 复兴，重新使用; 挖出
vi. 复活，复苏
时态：resurrected, resurrecting, resurrects
分布：复兴(49%)，使复活(34%)，挖出(17%)
【记】re再，sur下面，rect直－再次从下面直起来－复活
US [-ə'rekt] verb transitive
■to bring someone back to life 使复活，使起死回生
• Almost all Christians believe that Jesus was resurrected from the dead. 几乎所有的基督徒都相信耶稣死而复生。
■to bring back something into use or existence that had disappeared or ended 重新使用；恢复；使重新流行
• Several members of the party have resurrected the idea of constitutional change. 该党几位党员重新提出了修改宪法的主张。
• She has been busily trying to resurrect her Hollywood career. 她一直奔忙，试图重振她的好莱坞演艺生涯。
vt. 使复活；复兴；挖出
 - raise to life, renew
vi. 复活
 - come back to life again, reflourish

Word: thee
Front: thee
[ði:] (10567/-)
Back: pron. <古>(thou的宾格)你
分布：汝(72%)，你自己(28%)
[ði:] old use
pronoun
■you; object form of thou ; used when speaking to one person 你，汝 （thou 的受格）
• With this ring, I thee wed. 以此戒指为证，我与卿结为夫妇。

Word: electromagnetic
Front: electromagnetic
[ɪˌlektrəʊmægˈnetɪk] (托 10597/13102 -1)
Back: adj. <物>电磁的
分布：电磁的(100%)
US [-troʊ.mæg'netˌ-] adjective
■having magnetic and electrical parts 电磁的
• an electromagnetic wave 电磁波
adj. [电磁] 电磁的
 - galvanomagnetic

Word: foreclosure
Front: foreclosure
[fɔ:ˈkləʊʒə(r)] (10531/42465)
Vocabulary: foreclosure
(once / 1756 pages)
n
When a homeowner can't afford to pay her mortgage, she might face foreclosure, which is when a bank repossesses a borrower's house.
A bank most often starts foreclosure proceedings against someone who's taken out a loan to buy a house when that person stops making monthly payments. The agreement a borrower makes when she gets a bank mortgage is that she'll pay a certain amount of money every month, and failing to do it means risking foreclosure. The word foreclosure comes from the Latin words fors, "out," and clore "to shut."
WORD FAMILY
foreclosure: foreclosures+/foreclose: foreclosed, forecloses, foreclosing, foreclosure
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christie’s figures also apparently include an estimate that $60 million will be spent on public notices of pending foreclosures, a fee paid for by banks.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“By bringing down the foreclosure rate, it will help shore up housing prices for everyone.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
"By bringing down the foreclosure rate, it will help shore up housing prices for everyone."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 丧失抵押品赎回权，排斥
分布：抵押品赎回权的取消(100%)
N-VAR
抵押品赎回权的取消
Foreclosure is when someone who has lent money to a person or organization so that they can buy property takes possession of the property because the money has not been repaid.
例：If homeowners can't keep up the payments, they face foreclosure...业主如果未能按时交房贷，就会面临丧失抵押品赎回权的危险。
例：If interest rates go up, won't foreclosures rise?如果利率上调，抵押品赎回权取消的情况也会增多吗？

Word: iron
Front: iron
[ˈaɪən] (中高研四六 2280/1877 -K3)
Vocabulary: iron
(once / 71 pages)
1nadj 2nv 3n
Iron can refer to a common metal. It can also be that thing you use to get wrinkles out of your clothing. If you’re planning to wear linen, you might need an iron to smooth it out.
When you use an iron to iron your clothes, you’re also using both the noun and verb form of iron. The noun describes the appliance and the verb describes the action of using it. Iron can also refer to a golf club, like that 5-iron you always use. If you’ve ever been a cattle rancher, you might also be familiar with a branding iron, a tool used to brand skin with a mark of ownership.
WORD FAMILY
iron: ironed, ironing, ironlike, ironly, irons+/ironed: unironed/ironing: ironings/irons: ironses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to his football exploits, Kaaya was tapped into Miami's “Iron Arrow” honor society earlier this year.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Global commodities producers are hoping that China will order big lumps of iron, coal and copper in the new year to send prices higher.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Then it closed the regular season with its traditional Iron Bowl matchup against Alabama, losing 30-12.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 铁器，铁制品; 熨斗，烙铁; 坚强; 脚镣
adj. 铁制的，含铁的; 坚强的，顽强的; 残酷的; 坚忍不拔的
vt. 熨烫; 给…上脚镣手铐; 给…装铁具; 用铁铸成
vi. 熨衣; （衣服等）被烫平
时态：ironed, ironing, irons
分布：铁(74%)，熨(9%)，熨斗(8%)，铁的(4%)，烫(3%)，刚强的(1%)，刚强(1%)
→来自古英语isaern,铁，铁制品，铁制武器，来自eis,坚硬的，坚固的。部分词源学家进一步推测来自h1esh2r,血，词源同sanguine,血红色。由血引申词义血红，铁水，铁。同时，由于血在古代观念中的神圣含义，引申词义神圣的，强烈的感情，衍生ire,estrus,hieratic等。参照blood,bless.
n.铁,铁制品,烙铁,熨斗v.熨(衣),熨平In my opinion, only the onion can grow in the iron environment.据我看,只有洋葱能在铁质环境中生长.
US [aɪrn] noun
METAL 金属
 IMPROVER uncountable
■a common silver-coloured metal element which is magnetic. It is strong, used in making steel and found in very small amounts, in a chemically combined form, in blood 铁
• Iron rusts easily. 铁易生锈。
• Liver is a particularly rich source of dietary iron. 肝脏中含有特别丰富的饮食铁质。
• iron ore 铁矿
• an iron deficiency 铁质缺乏
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] noun
FOR CLOTHES 衣服
 ADVANCED countable
■a piece of equipment for making clothes flat and smooth, especially after they have been washed, which has a handle and a flat base and is usually heated with electricity 熨斗
• a steam iron 蒸汽熨斗
• a travel iron 旅行用熨斗
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] noun
GOLF 高尔夫球
countable
■a stick which has an iron or steel part at the end that is used to hit the ball in golf （高尔夫球运动中的）铁头球杆，铁杆
• He'll probably use a 2 or 3 iron for the shot. 他这一击很可能要用2号或3号铁头球杆。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] noun
CHAINS 镣铐
irons [plural] literary
■chains tied around someone to prevent them from escaping or moving 镣铐
• It was common practice for the prisoners to be clapped in irons (= tied with chains). 通常会用镣铐铐住犯人。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] noun
have a few/several, etc. irons in the fire
■to be involved with many activities or jobs at the same time or to make certain that there are always several possibilities available 同时有几件事要做；同时有数种可能
• If that job application doesn't work out I've got a couple more irons in the fire. 如果那份求职申请没有结果，我还有另外几个选择。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make clothes flat and smooth using an iron 熨（衣），烫平
• It takes about five minutes to iron a shirt properly. 熨好一件衬衫大约需要五分钟。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] iron sth out
■to remove problems or find solutions 消除；解决
• We're still trying to iron out some problems with the computer system. 我们仍在试图解决电脑系统中的一些问题。
• We hope they can iron out their differences and get on with working together. 我们希望他们能消除分歧，继续共事。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] adjective [before noun]
■very strong physically, mentally or emotionally 极强壮的；强硬坚定的
• I think you have to have an iron will to make some of these decisions. 我认为你需要有钢铁般的意志才能作出这些决定。
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] adjective [before noun]
an iron hand / fist in a velvet glove
■used to describe someone who seems to be gentle but is in fact severe and firm 外柔内刚的人
UK [aɪən] US [aɪrn] adjective [before noun]
rule sth with an iron hand / fist US
■to control a group of people very firmly, having complete power over everything they do 以铁腕手段控制
n. 熨斗； [服装] 烙铁；坚强
 - sadiron, flatiron
adj. 铁的；残酷的；刚强的
 - cruel, ferrous

Word: preferable
Front: preferable
[ˈprefrəbl] (研四六托 10561/6905 -2)
Vocabulary: preferable
(once / 1014 pages)
adj
When one thing seems like a better option than another, it is preferable. If you would rather have chocolate ice cream than vanilla, it means that chocolate is preferable to you.
Graduating from high school is usually preferable to dropping out, and traveling a long distance by train is always preferable to getting there on roller skates. The hardest thing about preferable is pronunciation: remember to place the stress on the first syllable, pref, and not on the second syllable as in the word prefer.
WORD FAMILY
preferable: preferably +/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preference: preferences, preferential / preferential: preferentially/preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On occasion, a lie is preferable to the truth.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“But normalcy is so much preferable, being able to remember what did — I tend to forget manic episodes.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Certainly, it would be preferable, and much less stressful, to lead every game by 21 points.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 更好的，更可取的; 略胜一筹的
分布：更好的(86%)，更合意的(14%)
a.(to)更可取的,更好的I prefer the preferable preference you referred to in the reference books.我更喜欢你在参考书中提到的那个更可取的优先权.
US [-ɚ.ə-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■better or more suitable 更可取的，更好的，较合适的
• Surely a diplomatic solution is preferable to war. 外交途径当然要比战争好。
adj. 更好的，更可取的；更合意的
 - Mair

Word: backfire
Front: backfire
[ˌbækˈfaɪə(r)] (10577/14304 -1)
Vocabulary: backfire
(once / 6287 pages)
1nv 2vn 3nv
Use the word backfire when you talk about the sound a car makes when a small explosion in its exhaust system pops — sometimes as loudly as a gunshot.
Hearing a car's backfire can make you jump, because it makes a sharp, shot-like sound. A backfire is usually caused by unburned fuel, and it can be accompanied by a burst of flame and a brief loss of power in the vehicle, as well as a fairly loud noise. The word comes from an American English term that originally referred to a fire deliberately set to slow the progress of a prairie or forest fire.
WORD FAMILY
backfire: backfired, backfires, backfiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
If these ignite a trade war, the adverse side effects may well backfire on U.S. workers and firms.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
His assassins acted in hopes of saving the czar — and themselves — but the conspiracy backfired.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But it backfired: The public was incensed at the thought of suffering people cut off.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 发生回火; 适得其反，事与愿违的结果
n. 逆火
时态：backfired, backfiring, backfires
分布：适得其反(76%)，产生事与愿违的结果(13%)，逆火(9%)，后爆的巨大响声(2%)
US [-'faɪr] verb intransitive
BAD RESULT 坏结果
■(of a plan) to have the opposite result from the one you intended （计划）产生适得其反的结果，产生反效果
• Her plans to make him jealous backfired on her when he went off with her best friend. 她原本想令他妒嫉，没想到最后他却和她最好的朋友好上了。
UK [ˌbæk'faɪər] US [-'faɪr] verb intransitive
ENGINE 引擎
■(of an engine) to make a loud noise as a result of fuel burning too early （引擎）发生逆火
• I was woken by the sound of a truck backfiring. 货车引擎的逆火声把我吵醒了。
n. 逆火，回火
 - temper

Word: anti-semitism

Word: individuality
Front: individuality
[ˌɪndɪˌvɪdʒuˈæləti] (10589/9838 -1)
Vocabulary: individuality
(once / 893 pages)
n
Whether it’s eating breakfast for lunch, learning Celtic step dancing, building birdhouses from popsicle sticks, showing off your shark tattoo, or speaking with an Australian accent on Tuesdays, all of these things can express your individuality, meaning what makes you unique.
Use the noun individuality to refer to the sum total of characteristics that make up a particular individual. Individuality consists of the good, the bad — and even the crazy — that make a person distinct. The word can be describe the state or value of being unique, like the members of a group whose individuality makes for lively discussions, or a having your car painted a special color — neon green, perhaps? — to express the owner's individuality.
WORD FAMILY
individuality: individualities+/ individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic / individualist: individualists/ individualistic: individualistically/individualization: individualizations/individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond supermodels, personalization is popular among varying groups in fashion as an easy and everyday way to add more individuality and flair to one’s style.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Rather than celebrating modesty, it perceives individuality as a threat to the group.
The New Yorker(Dec 18, 2016)
The rigid rules of prison removed any sense of individuality.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 个人; 个性; 个人特征
分布：个性(81%)，个人(15%)，特色(4%)
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the qualities that make a person or thing different from others 个性；特征，特质
• It's a competent essay but it lacks individuality. 这是一篇不错的文章，但缺乏个性。
n. 个性；个人；个人特征；个人的嗜好（通常复数）
 - personality, kidney

Word: captivity
Front: captivity
[kæpˈtɪvəti] (托 10594/10112 -1)
Vocabulary: captivity
(once / 750 pages)
n
Captivity is the condition of being trapped or confined. Animals that are kept in zoos are in captivity.
A prisoner is in captivity, and a kidnapping victim is also in captivity. If you catch a firefly and keep it in a jar, its life will be one of captivity until you let it go. When you're imprisoned or enslaved, you're captive. Both words come from a Latin source, captivus, "caught" or "taken prisoner," from the root capere, "to take, hold, or seize."
WORD FAMILY
captivity: captivities+/ captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captive: captivate, captives, captivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are many uncertainties, such as whether the small sea mammal would even survive captivity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Pandas in the wild generally live to be about 20, but often survive longer in captivity.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Selling snake venom is profitable in parts of India, where keeping protected wildlife in captivity is illegal.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 被俘; 囚禁; 束缚
分布：囚禁(72%)，被俘(15%)，束缚(13%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■when a person or animal is kept somewhere and is not allowed to leave 关押；囚禁
• All the hostages, when released from captivity, looked remarkably fit and well. 人质被释放后看上去居然都很健康。
• Animals bred in captivity would probably not survive if they were released into the wild. 在樊笼里饲养的动物如果被放归到野生环境中很可能无法生存。
n. 囚禁；被关
 - embarment, incage

Word: defeated
Front: defeated
[diˈfi:tid] (10603/13802)
Back: v. 击败( defeat的过去式和过去分词 ); 战胜; 挫败; 使困惑
分布：击败(49%)，战胜(35%)，挫败(10%)，败北(5%)，使...不能实现(1%)
VERB
击败;战胜
If you defeat someone, you win a victory over them in a battle, game, or contest.
例：His guerrillas defeated the colonial army in 1954...1954 年他领导的游击队打败了殖民军队。
例：The NHL Stanley Cup was won by the Montreal Canadians, who defeated the Boston Bruins four games to one.蒙特利尔加拿大人队以 4 比1战胜波士顿棕熊队，夺得了国家冰球联盟斯坦利杯。
VERB
否决(提案或动议)
If a proposal or motion in a debate is defeated, more people vote against it than for it.
例：The proposal was defeated by just one vote.该提案仅以一票之差被否决。
VERB
(任务或问题)难住，难倒
If a task or a problem defeats you, it is so difficult that you cannot do it or solve it.
例：There were times when the challenges of writing such a huge novel almost defeated her.有些时候，创作如此宏大的一部小说所面临的挑战几乎把她给难倒了。
VERB
挫败(行动或计划);使落空
To defeat an action or plan means to cause it to fail.
例：The navy played a limited but significant role in defeating the rebellion...海军在平息这场叛乱的过程中起到了有限但却十分重要的作用。
例：He swore to defeat Odin's plan.他发誓一定要挫败奥丁的计划。
N-VAR
战败;失利;失败
Defeat is the experience of being beaten in a battle, game, or contest, or of failing to achieve what you wanted to.
例：The most important thing is not to admit defeat until you really have to...最重要的是不到万不得已绝不要认输。
例：The vote is seen as a defeat for the anti-abortion lobby...这一投票结果被看作是反堕胎游说团体的一次失败。
v. 被击败，失败（defeat的过去式）
 - failed

Word: flourish
Front: flourish
[ˈflʌrɪʃ] (研四六托雅宝 6209/5548 -2)
Vocabulary: flourish
(once / 262 pages)
1v 2nv 3n
A flourish is an extra touch — a trumpet's "ta-ta-da!" announcing a king's entrance, a fancy carving atop an otherwise utilitarian pillar, a wave of a flag or a cheerleader's pompom.
Flourish can also mean "growth": "With the right teacher, a child will flourish." To understand how the two meanings of flourish connect, remember that the word "flower" (spelled flour-) is hiding inside it. Flowers are used for decoration and ornamentation, but they also grow. Get it? Good for you! Imagine a cheerleader shouting out your name, flourishing her pom-poms.
WORD FAMILY
flourish: flourished, flourishes, flourishing+/flourishing: flourishingest, flourishingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trained as a painter, Mr. Wong was a leading figure in the modernist movement that flourished in California between the wars.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the chasm between the police and the community, gangs and gun violence flourish.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Trained as a painter, Mr. Wong was a leading figure in the Modernist movement that flourished in California between the wars.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 挥舞; 茂盛，繁荣; 活跃，蓬勃
vt. 挥动，挥舞
n. 挥舞，挥动; 花样，华丽的辞藻; 夸张的行为或手势; 花式吹奏
时态：flourished, flourishing, flourishes
分布：繁荣(52%)，茂盛(17%)，挥舞(13%)，活跃(9%)，炫耀(6%)，花样(2%)，华丽词藻(1%)
→来自词根flor, 花，词源同flower. 引申义开花，繁盛。
繁荣,兴旺(flour[=flor]+ish→花一样开放→繁荣)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
繁荣(flour花+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
n./v.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺The sour vapour pours into the flourishing flour factory. It's the source of resources.酸蒸汽涌进兴旺的面粉厂.这是资源的源泉.
【记】源于flower－花一样的开放－繁荣
【反】lack of embellishment（缺乏装饰）；waste away（衰退）；wither（v 使凋谢；枯萎）
US ['flɝ:-] verb
SUCCEED 成功
intransitive
■to grow or develop successfully 茁壮成长；繁荣；蓬勃发展
• My tomatoes are flourishing this summer - it must be the warm weather. 今年夏天我的番茄长势很好——这一定是天气暖和的原因。
• Watercolour painting began to flourish in Britain around 1750. 1750年左右，水彩画开始在英国兴盛起来。
UK ['flʌr.ɪʃ] US ['flɝ:-] verb
WAVE 舞动
transitive
■to move something in your hand in order to make people look at it （为引人注意）挥舞
• She came in smiling, flourishing her exam results. 她微笑着走进来，手里挥舞着她的考试成绩单。
UK ['flʌr.ɪʃ] US ['flɝ:-] noun
with a flourish
■If you do something with a flourish, you do it with one big, noticeable movement 动作夸张地
• The waiter handed me the menu with a flourish. 侍者做了个夸张动作递给我功能表。
• He took off his hat with a flourish. 他动作夸张地摘掉帽子。
succeed, prosper, thrive, flourish
这组词都有“兴旺，成功”的意思，其区别是：
succeed: 表示成功，强调完成某件想往或企图去做的事，与fail相对。
prosper: 指持续不断地成功，也指越来越成功。
thrive: 指蓬勃发展，常指显而易见的成功。
flourish: 指处于成功、繁荣、进步的顶盛阶段。
n. 兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰
 - health, display
vt. 夸耀；挥舞
 - air, sport
vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期
 - succeed, flower, thrive

Word: reassurance
Front: reassurance
[ˌri:əˈʃʊərəns] (研 10591/7601 -1)
Back: n. 使安心; 再保证
分布：再保证(75%)，再安慰(25%)
【记】re反复，assure（v 保证），ance：反复保证－安心
US [-'ʃʊr.ənts] noun countable or uncountable
■words of advice and comfort intended to make someone feel less worried 能消除疑虑的话；安慰，慰藉
• I felt I couldn't cope with the situation and was in desperate need of some reassurance. 我觉得我应付不了这种局面，真是特别需要别人的安慰。
• Despite her father's reassurances, she was still frightened of the dark. 尽管她父亲说了很多安慰的话，可她还是惧怕黑暗。

Word: downright
Front: downright
[ˈdaʊnraɪt] (10579/14301 -1)
Vocabulary: downright
(once / 1234 pages)
1adjadv 2adj
The adjective downright is used to emphasize something, or to mean "utterly." For example, you could say that your brother's loud and junky old car is a downright embarrassment.
Downright works as an adjective or adverb, so you can describe your dad's brownies as downright delicious, your sister's terrible jokes as downright awful, or your loss of the spelling bee as a downright disgrace. In the thirteenth century, downright meant "straight down," but it had changed by 1300, to instead mean "thoroughly."
WORD FAMILY
downright: downrightest, downrightly, downrightness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of these high points are bad and some are downright ugly.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, she seems to be one of those people who toggle between highly enthusiastic and downright fervent.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Women from Nigeria and many other parts of the world condemned Mr Buhari's comments as outdated, inappropriate and downright offensive:
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adv. 完全地; 彻底地; 全然
adj. 直率的，直截了当的; 明白的，露骨的; 显明的; 毫不含糊的
分布：彻底的(23%)，完全地(22%)，彻底地(22%)，明白的(22%)，率直的(11%)
['daʊn.raɪt] informal
adjective [before noun] adverb
■(especially of something bad) extremely or very great （尤指不好的事情）极端（的），极大（的），十足（的）
• She's being downright difficult and obstructive. 她这个人很难相处，而且总喜欢与人作对。
• I think the way she's been treated is a downright disgrace. 我认为那样对待她是一种奇耻大辱。
• These working conditions are unhealthy, if not downright (= and probably extremely) dangerous. 这种工作环境即使称不上非常危险，也是对身体有害的。
adj. 明白的；直率的；显明的
 - evident, explicit, naked, frank
adv. 完全，彻底；全然
 - through, very

Word: derail
Front: derail
[dɪˈreɪl] (10587/22458 -1)
Vocabulary: derail
(once / 4451 pages)
v
When a train or a subway derails, its wheels accidentally leave the tracks. Train cars that derail can cause the cars behind them to crash.
Mistakes by engineers or flaws in the track can derail a train or trolley, sending it off the rails and sometimes injuring the passengers. You can also use the verb derail figuratively, to mean "hinder someone" or "divert a process from going in its intended direction." For example, terrorists might derail ongoing peace talks by blowing up a bus. The word comes from the French dérailler, "go off the rails."
WORD FAMILY
derail: derailed, derailing, derailment, derails+/derailment: derailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The city’s transportation board first envisioned a Second Avenue subway in 1929, but the stock market crash and the Great Depression derailed the plan.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The International Monetary Fund warned in October a $17.5 billion bailout program risked getting derailed if Kiev failed to show "concrete results" in tackling corruption.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 出轨
vt. 使（火车）出轨，使脱轨
时态：derailed, derailing, derails
分布：出轨(43%)，阻碍(30%)，使出轨(16%)，扰乱(11%)
→de-, 向下，脱离。rail, 轨道。即脱轨。
verb
TRAIN 火车
intransitive or transitive
■If a train derails or is derailed, it comes off the railway tracks. （使）（火车）出轨
[ˌdi:'reɪl] verb
PLAN 计划
transitive
■to prevent a plan or process from succeeding 阻挠
• Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks. 重燃的战火对和谈构成了威胁。
n. [铁路] 脱轨；脱轨器
 - digression

Word: steward
Front: steward
[ˈstju:əd] (高研四六雅 10595/4750 -2)
Vocabulary: steward
(once / 407 pages)
n
A steward is someone who takes care of the grounds or animals of a particular place. If your parents are always traveling and you have to take care of your six younger siblings, you probably feel like the steward of the house.
You might have heard the term "stewardess," a female flight attendant, but the name has trickled out of use in favor of the gender-neutral "flight attendant." A steward is the male version of that. Anyone who takes care of places or people is a steward. You can be a steward of artifacts from an architectural dig. You can also be elected to be the steward of your co-workers retirement fund. Either way, someone's trusting you with their stuff.
WORD FAMILY
steward: stewards, stewardship +/ stewardship: stewardships
USAGE EXAMPLES
So many cities saw their stewards die off, replaced by imperial CEOs, hucksters or branch managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Meyer, the winter trails steward for the Central Oregon Trail Alliance, says he plans to begin grooming on Monday.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
And it must stay true to legacy fans who view Disney as the responsible steward of one of the world's most beloved film franchises.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 管家; 乘务员; 干事，理事; [部门，工厂]的工会代表
vi. 当服务员; 当管事
vt. 管理
分布：管家(43%)，管理(24%)，乘务员(15%)，干事(9%)，管理员(6%)，做乘务员(3%)
→来自古英语 stigweard,保安，清洁工，来自 stig,屋子，牛棚，词源同 sty,猪圈，肮脏的屋子， weard,看管，词源同 ward,看护，守护。后引申词义管家，监工，司务长，船上食品管理员， 现词义乘务员，服务员等。
n.乘务员,服务员;看管人;膳食管理员He is the steward of that great estate.他是那笔大财产的管理人.
US ['stu:.ɚd] noun countable
■a person whose job it is to organize a particular event, or to provide services to particular people, or to take care of a particular place （特定活动的）组织者，操办者；服务员；管家；管理员
• Stewards will be inspecting the race track at 9.00. 执事将在九点钟检查跑道。
• If you need help at any time during the conference, one of the stewards will be pleased to help you. 会议期间，您任何时候需要帮助，服务人员都会很乐意为您效劳。
■(female stewardess)
■a person who serves passengers on a ship or aircraft （轮船或飞机的）服务员
■UK
■a person who organizes the supply and serving of food at a club （俱乐部的）餐饮经理，餐饮主管
• He's the steward of the City of Wakefield's Working Men's Club. 他是韦克菲尔德市工人俱乐部的餐饮主管。
n. 管家；乘务员；膳务员；工会管事
 - chamberlain, seneschal
vt. 管理
 - manage, conduct, run, direct, control

Word: revitalize
Front: revitalize
[ˌri:ˈvaɪtəlaɪz] (宝 10590/23662 -1)
Vocabulary: revitalize
(once / 7314 pages)
v
To revitalize is to restore something to life or give it new life. Revitalizing adds newsness and strength.
Since vital things are alive, strong, and flourishing, when something gets revitalized, it is returned to health or life. A good night's sleep will revitalize you — so will eating a healthy meal. If a rundown building is purchased and then spiffed up, it's being revitalized. A new paint job could revitalize a room. A sick person is revitalized by medicine. In all cases, when something is revitalized, it has been restored to a better state.
WORD FAMILY
revitalize: revitalization, revitalized, revitalizes, revitalizing+/devitalise: devitalisation, devitalised, devitalises, devitalising/devitalize: devitalization, devitalized, devitalizes, devitalizing/revitalise: revitalisation, revitalised, revitalising/revitalization: revitalizations/ vital: vitalest, vitalise, vitalism, vitality, vitalize, vitally, vitalness/vitalise: devitalise, revitalise, vitalisation, vitalised, vitaliser, vitalises, vitalising/vitalism: vitalist/vitalist: vitalists/ vitality: vitalities/vitalization: vitalizations/ vitalize: devitalize, revitalize, vitalization, vitalized, vitalizer, vitalizes, vitalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hope that the thirst for reputable news and responsible sources will revitalize news media in the US.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It will also be a big test for America’s efforts to revitalize manufacturing through solar energy manufacturing projects.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The board was revitalized after former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden’s disclosures on the scope of U.S. spying in 2013.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使恢复元气; 使新生; 使复兴
时态：revitalized, revitalizing, revitalizes
分布：使复活(37%)，使恢复(27%)，使复兴(18%)，使振兴(18%)
→re-,再，重新，vital,有生命的。
恢复生命,复兴(re重新+vital+ize→重新活)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
US [-tˌəl-] verb transitive
■to give new life, energy, activity or success to something 使获得新生；使复兴；使恢复生机（或元气）
• Japanese investment has revitalized this part of Britain. 日本的投资使得英国这一地区的经济复苏了。

Word: bumper
Front: bumper
[ˈbʌmpə(r)] (雅 10621/11230 -1)
Vocabulary: bumper
(once / 2242 pages)
1n 2n
A bumper is the curved bar across the front of a car that protects it from getting dented or scratched during minor accidents. If you bump into your mailbox, you may damage your car's bumper.
A car's bumper is designed to absorb as much impact as possible, protecting the more important parts of the car. A bumper car at a carnival is made to be slammed into other bumper cars — the bumpers help keep riders safe from injury, while the cars travel too slowly to cause damage. The earliest bumpers, in the 1830s, were on the front of trains. The phrase "bumper-to-bumper traffic" means an unusually dense traffic jam.
WORD FAMILY
bumper: bumpers+/ bump: bumped, bumper, bumping, bumps, bumpy / bumpy: bumpier, bumpiest, bumpily, bumpiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Former governor and Sen. Dale Bumpers died New Year’s Day at age 90 and former U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The year 2016 leaves us with a bumper crop of familiar but acutely revivified subjects for introspection: Who are we?
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Chunks of his bumper, alternator and battery were buried in the bank by the slough next to his car.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 减震器; 保险杠; 干杯中的满杯; 〈口〉巨物
adj. 特大的，丰盛的
vt. 装满; 为…祝酒
vi. 干杯
分布：保险杠(82%)，缓冲器(12%)，丰盛的(3%)，满杯(1%)，特大的东西(1%)，特大的(1%)
【记】bump（v 碰撞）－防止碰撞的东西－保险杠
【参】bumpy（adj 崎岖的），地上都是碰撞的坑。
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a horizontal bar along the lower front and lower back part of a motor vehicle to help protect it if there is an accident 保险杆
UK ['bʌm.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
bumper to bumper
■when there are many cars and they are so close that they are almost touching each other 车子一辆接一辆
• By eight o'clock the traffic was bumper to bumper. 到了八点钟，交通变得非常拥堵，车子一辆接一辆的。
UK ['bʌm.pər] US [-pɚ] adjective [before noun]
■larger in amount than usual （数量）异常大的
• Farmers have reported a bumper crop this year. 据报导今年庄稼大丰收。
adj. 丰盛的，丰富的
 - abundant, full, luxurious
n. 缓冲器
 - buffer, dashpot
vt. 装满；为…祝酒
 - full of, fill with
vi. 干杯
 - drink a toast, toast to

Word: remake
Front: remake
[ˈri:meɪk] (10609/20128 -1)
Back: vt. 再作，再制; 修改，翻新
n. 重制，改造; 翻新; 重制物; 重新摄制的影片
时态：remade, remaking, remakes
分布：再制(47%)，再作(23%)，改作(15%)，重作(15%)
→re-,再，重新，make,做。
[ˌri:'meɪk] (remade, remade)
verb transitive
■to make a new film which has a story and title similar to an old one 重新摄制，改编（电影）
• The French film 'Trois Hommes et un Couffin' was remade in Hollywood as 'Three Men and a Baby'. 法国电影《三个男人和一个摇篮》被好莱坞重拍成电影《三个奶爸一个娃》。
n. 重做；重制物
 - do-over
vt. 再制
 - refabricate

Word: manageable
Front: manageable
[ˈmænɪdʒəbl] (10605/9712)
Vocabulary: manageable
(once / 2300 pages)
adj
If you can handle something, it's manageable. An overworked college student might decide to drop a horrible chemistry class to make the semester more manageable.
Anything that you can accomplish can be described with the adjective manageable. It's also used in a slightly different way, to talk about something that can be controlled, like a tamed lion or a smooth and tidy head of hair. The earliest use of the root word "manage" related specifically to controlling a horse, influenced by the French word for "horsemanship," manège.
WORD FAMILY
manageable: manageability, manageableness, manageably, unmanageable+/ manage: manageable, managed, management, manager, manages, managing, mismanage / management: managements/ manager: managerial, managers, managership/managerial: managerially/managership: managerships/ mismanage: mismanaged, mismanagement, mismanages, mismanaging/mismanagement: mismanagements/unmanageable: unmanageableness, unmanageably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The truth is that permanent weight loss requires a subtle, manageable set of skills which likely vary from person to person.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Another 3 by Nurse, and the seemingly manageable morphed into the unforgiving reality of Connecticut, 25 months and counting.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The breaches mainly represent a new form of crime whose costs are exasperating but manageable.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 易处理的; 易控制的; 可做到的; 温顺的
分布：易管理的(78%)，易办的(11%)，易控制的(11%)
adjective
■easy or possible to deal with 易处理的；易办的；可应付的
• The work has been divided into smaller, more manageable sections. 这项工作被细分成几个较易处理的小部分。
• Government targets for increased productivity are described as "tough but manageable". 政府提高生产力的目标被形容为“艰巨但终可实现”。

Word: reciprocal
Front: reciprocal
[rɪˈsɪprəkl] (研六托雅宝 10639/8842 -1)
Vocabulary: reciprocal
(once / 1250 pages)
1adjn 2nadj 3n
Reciprocal describes something that's the same on both sides. If you and your sister are in a big fight on a long car trip, you might resolve it through a reciprocal agreement that you'll stop poking her and she'll stop reading road signs out loud.
The word mutual is a near synonym in most uses: reciprocal/mutual friendship, describing, a relationship in which two people feel the same way about each other, or do or give similar things to each other. If you tell someone you like them and they say, "The feelings are reciprocal," that means they like you too. In math, a reciprocal is a number that when multiplied by a given number gives one as a product.
WORD FAMILY
reciprocal: nonreciprocal, reciprocality, reciprocally, reciprocals, reciprocity +/ reciprocity: reciprocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only regulatory mechanism is the insistence that all participation is voluntary, and all experience is reciprocal.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A true reciprocal response would involve the release of hacked information about top Russian officials.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Diplomatic expulsions are normally met with reciprocal action.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 相互的; 互惠的; 倒数的
n. 倒数; 互相关联的事物
分布：互惠(37%)，相互(35%)，相互的(13%)，互惠的(12%)，互补的(3%)
→来自拉丁语 reciprocus,轮流的，往返的，来自*reco-proco,来来往往，来自 re-,向后，pro-,往 前，-cus,形容词后缀。引申词义互惠的，互利的。
a.相互的,往复的,互利的The vocation advocate found the word "vocal" and "reciprocal" not in the vocabulary.职业倡导者发现"嗓音的"和"交互的"两词不在词汇表中.
[rɪ'sɪp.rə.kəl] formal
adjective
■A reciprocal action or arrangement involves two people or groups of people who behave in the same way or agree to help each other and give each other advantages. 相互的；互惠的；报答的
reciprocal, joint, mutual, common
这组词都有“共同的，相互的”的意思，其区别是：
reciprocal: 着重互惠，有来有往。
joint: 强调至少两人或两方共同占用，侧重指一个统一体。
mutual: 着重彼此共有或共享，局限于双方的关系。
common: 侧重两人或多人共有共同，但不暗示彼此间存在的等价关系。
adj. [贸易] 互惠的；相互的； [数] 倒数的，彼此相反的
 - mutual, au pair

Word: tentatively
Front: tentatively
['tentətɪvlɪ] (10599/9783)
Vocabulary: tentatively
(once / 3272 pages)
adv
Tentatively means hesitantly, like how you go about a delicate or dangerous situation. It also refers to uncertainty, like when you tentatively make plans to go to a party, even though you don't have a ride yet.
It makes sense that the English adverb tentatively stems from the Latin tentare “to feel, try,” because to do something tentatively means to test it out. Think of how you slowly wade into a freezing cold pool. You’re moving tentatively, because you know it’s going to be a shock and you want to give your body time to adjust. The opposite of tentatively is certainly, a word that indicates no hesitation.
WORD FAMILY
tentative: tentatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX is tentatively aiming to resume cargo flights to the space station this month.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some state lawmakers are preparing another run at toughening the rules in a bill tentatively called the Driving Under the Influence of Electronics Act.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The council’s Planning, Housing and Economic Development Committee is tentatively scheduled to hold its first session on the Bethesda plan Jan. 23.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 试验性地，暂时地; 权; 聊且
分布：试验性地(51%)，暂时地(33%)，犹豫不决地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
(协议、计划、安排)暂行的，临时的，试探性的
Tentative agreements, plans, or arrangements are not definite or certain, but have been made as a first step.
例：Political leaders have reached a tentative agreement to hold a preparatory conference next month...政治领导人已就下个月举行预备会议达成初步协定。
例：Such theories are still very tentative.这种理论仍然是探索性的。
ADJ-GRADED
踌躇不决的;犹豫的
If someone is tentative, they are cautious and not very confident because they are uncertain or afraid.
例：My first attempts at complaining were rather tentative...我刚开始投诉时很犹豫不决。
例：She did not return his tentative smile.她并没有对他怯生生的微笑作出回应。
adv. 暂时地；试验性地
 - briefly, pro tem

Word: kayak
Front: kayak
[ˈkaɪæk] (10598/29510)
Vocabulary: kayak
(once / 6369 pages)
nv
A kayak is a narrow one- or two-person boat that is propelled with a double-ended paddle. You can use a kayak in the ocean, on a pond or lake, or in a river.
When you get in a kayak and start paddling around, you kayak (the verb). People who visit the beach often rent sea kayaks and kayak around the shore and between small islands. An even more adventurous way to kayak is in a whitewater kayak on a fast-moving river. Kayaks were first built and used by Inuits, Aleuts, and Yup'iks, and the word comes from the Inuit qayaq, "small boat of skins."
WORD FAMILY
kayak: kayaked, kayaking, kayaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Navy says the Coast Guard was notified of a capsized kayak in Chesapeake Bay not far from Cape Charles Wednesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His kayak overturned off the coast of Cape Charles about 9:20 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The statement says the project is expected to reduce flooding risks and open up new areas for canoeing, kayaking and fishing.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 爱斯基摩单人划子
分布：皮船(82%)，爱斯基摩人用的皮船(18%)
→来自爱斯基摩语qayaq,皮划艇。
noun countable
■a light narrow canoe with a covering over the top 爱斯基摩小船；（带顶轻巧的）独木舟，单人小船

Word: cover-up
Front: cover-up
[ˈkʌvəˌʌp] (-1)
Back: n. 掩饰; 隐蔽; 掩盖手段[手法]
分布：掩饰(67%)，隐蔽(33%)
US [-ɚ.ʌp] noun countable
■an attempt to prevent the public discovering information about a serious crime or mistake 掩盖；掩饰；遮掩
• Allegations of a cover-up of the effects of industrial pollution have been strongly denied by the Environment Minister. 有关掩盖工业污染危害的指责遭到环境部长的坚决否认。
n. 掩饰；隐蔽
 - blind, mask

Word: storefront
Front: storefront
[ˈstɔ:frʌnt] (10601/-)
Back: n. <美>店面（房），铺面（房），临街房
adj. 临街的; 在一楼工作的
分布：店面(84%)，临街的(9%)，店头(7%)
→store,店铺，front,前面。
US ['stɔ:r-] US (UK shop front)
noun countable
■the part of a shop which faces the road 临街店面，临街店铺
• A number of storefronts were damaged in the riots. 一些临街店面在骚动中遭受破坏。
n. [贸易] 店面；店头
 - shopfront

Word: guise
Front: guise
[gaɪz] (托宝 10606/8635 -1)
Vocabulary: guise
(once / 179 pages)
n
Guise, a noun, is the art of pretending to be something you aren't, like when, in the guise of an invited guest, you fake your way into the party of the century.
No doubt you’ve noticed the similarity between guise and disguise. Both involve the art of deception: it’s the methods that differ. Guise is about trying on new attitudes and mannerisms, such as speaking and acting in the guise of a native in a place where you are actually a tourist. Disguise involves hiding your real identity, disappearing in the new role.
WORD FAMILY
guise: disguise, guises+/ disguise: disguised, disguises, disguising/disguised: disguisedly, undisguised/undisguised: undisguisedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This work, painted in 1618, is really about the visual puzzle it presents, but this is packaged in the guise of a religious painting.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Another man was accused of raising money for Islamic State under the guise of helping displaced persons.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Civility was the order of the day, not ordering others about under the guise of telling them to follow their own conscience.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 〈古〉装束，外衣; 形象，化身; 伪装; 借口
vt. 使化装
vi. 伪装
分布：伪装(62%)，装束(17%)，外观(11%)，借口(10%)
→来自weid, 看，词源同vision, wise. 古义装束，外表，后词义贬义化。
noun uncountable
■the appearance of someone or something, especially when intended to deceive （尤指为了欺骗而装出的）外表，表现形式；伪装
• The men who arrived in the guise of drug dealers were actually undercover police officers. 以毒贩身份到来的人实际上是卧底员警。
• The company has been accused of trying to sell their products under the guise of market research. 这家公司被指控试图打着市场调研的旗号销售其产品。
n. 伪装；装束；外观
 - face, surface, outside, garment
vi. 伪装
 - wrap up, affect to

Word: pastel
Front: pastel
[ˈpæstl] (托宝 7966/13146 -1)
Vocabulary: pastel
(once / 7247 pages)
nadj
A pastel is a soft, pale color. If your favorite shades are light blue and pale pink, you can say that you prefer pastels.
Pastel is also an adjective describing a soft color, like a pastel shade of green or a pastel lavender dress. Another kind of pastel is the artist's crayon made of powdered pigments bound together in a solid stick, which produce soft, blended colors. Starting in the late 1800s, pastel was used to mean "soft shade" as well as "soft art medium." In French, pastel means "crayon."
WORD FAMILY
pastel: pastel-colored, pastelly, pastels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city’s streets are endlessly entertaining: pastel facades, open windows revealing domestic scenes, and almost no cars.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of the island's 60,000 residents live in limestone cottages painted in pastel colours of a design familiar from British towns or villages.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Perched on a cliff overlooking the Pacific, the pastel pink Los Flamingos is one of Acapulco’s oldest and best-known establishments.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 彩色粉笔，粉蜡笔; 彩色粉笔画，蜡笔画; 轻淡柔和的色彩
adj. 彩色粉笔画的; 蜡笔画的; （色彩）淡的，柔和的
分布：彩色粉笔画(30%)，蜡笔画(24%)，彩色粉笔(22%)，清淡柔和的(18%)，粉蜡(6%)
→来自paste,面团，-el,小词后缀。即小面团，后用于指揉成面团的颜料，彩色粉笔，蜡笔。
【记】paste（n 浆糊），l－用l捣成糊状物制成粉笔－彩色粉笔画
【参】toothpaste（n 牙膏）；pastiche（n 集成曲）
US [pæs'tel] noun
MATERIAL 材料
countable or uncountable
■a colouring material which can be powdery or slightly shiny and is usually in the shape of a small stick, or a picture made by using this 彩色蜡笔；彩色粉笔
• Do you like working with pastels/in pastel? 你喜欢用彩色蜡笔画画吗？
• The show includes eighty-five paintings, pastels and sculptures. 此次展出包括85件油画、蜡笔画和雕塑作品。
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] noun
COLOUR 颜色
countable
■a colour that is pale and soft 淡而柔和的色彩
UK ['pæs.təl] US [pæs'tel] adjective [before noun]
■having a pale soft colour 浅淡色的，颜色柔和的
• Their house is decorated in pastel shades. 他们房子的装饰色调轻柔淡雅。
adj. 柔和的；彩色蜡笔的，粉蜡笔的
 - female, delicate

Word: viral
Front: viral
[ˈvaɪrəl] (托宝 10615/10705 -1)
Vocabulary: viral
(once / 5339 pages)
adj
If you go to work when you're sick, your co-workers will be hoping that whatever you've got isn't viral. Viral describes a disease caused by a virus, and viruses are usually infectious.
Infections and other kinds of diseases can be classified as viral by a doctor, which means they're caused by viruses, specific kinds of microorganisms. Because of the speedy way that viral infections can spread, the meaning has grown to include the spread of ideas or information, often on the Internet. Viral videos are short online films that become incredibly popular very quickly, as people share them with each other and they spread like a virus.
WORD FAMILY
viral: antiviral, virally+/antiviral: antivirals
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are so many real viral video stars that are, for lack of a better word, morons,” Proksch said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The challenge is a viral Internet video trend where people "freeze" like mannequins for the camera.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
On 15 December, the company announced that it would begin working with third-party fact checkers to flag viral fake news stories.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 病毒的，病毒引起的
分布：病毒的(95%)，病毒式传播；【经】病毒式营销(5%)
→来自virus,病毒。
【记】源于：virus（n 病毒）
US ['vaɪ-] adjective
■caused by a virus 病毒病，病毒性疾病；病毒感染
• viral infections 病毒感染

Word: bipolar
Front: bipolar
[ˌbaɪˈpəʊlə(r)] (10604/26605)
Vocabulary: bipolar
(once / 16647 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
The prefix "bi-" means two, so bipolar means having two opposing poles. Often, this is the name of a type of mental illness.
Anything with two poles or opposites can be considered bipolar. The yin and yang symbol (black and white or male and female) is an example of bipolar or opposing natures. However, this term is used most often to describe bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, which is when you experience very high highs and very low lows with your emotions. The negative and positive charge on a neuron or a transistor can also be called bipolar.
WORD FAMILY
polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarity: polarities/ polarization: polarizations/ polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
One marcher in the crowd held a sign calling Fisher, who spoke openly about her struggles with bipolar disorder, a mental health advocate.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
One marcher in the crowd held a sign calling Fisher, who spoke openly about her struggles with bipolar disease, a mental health advocate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fisher persisted through bipolar disorder and drug addiction.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有两极的，双极的，两极世界的
分布：双极的(100%)
→前缀bi-, 二。pole, 地级，两级端。
ADJ
两强对立的；两极的
Bipolar systems or situations are dominated by two strong and opposing opinions or elements.
例：...the bipolar world of the Cold War years.冷战期间的两极世界

Word: anxiously
Front: anxiously
['æŋkʃəslɪ] (10627/7329 -K)
Back: adv. 焦急地，担忧地; 眼巴巴; 亟
分布：忧虑地(47%)，焦急地(38%)，担心地(15%)
ADJ-GRADED
渴望的;急切的
If you are anxious to do something or anxious that something should happen, you very much want to do it or very much want it to happen.
例：Both the Americans and the Russians are anxious to avoid conflict in South Asia...美国人和俄罗斯人都迫切希望避免在南亚发生冲突。
例：He is anxious that there should be no delay...他非常希望不会出现延误。
ADJ-GRADED
焦虑的;忧虑的;不安的
If you are anxious, you are nervous or worried about something.
例：The foreign minister admitted he was still anxious about the situation in the country...外交部长承认对于该国的局势他仍然颇感忧虑。
例：A friend of mine is a very anxious person.我的一个朋友是个非常容易焦虑不安的人。
ADJ-GRADED
（时间或局势）紧张的，令人焦虑的，让人担忧的
An anxious time or situation is one during which you feel nervous and worried.
例：The Prime Minister faces anxious hours before the votes are counted tomorrow night.在明晚计票完成之前，首相将面临数小时的煎熬等待。
adv. 不安地，忧虑地
 - restlessly, disturbedly

Word: brake
Front: brake
[breɪk] (高研四雅宝 4693/5290 -2)
Vocabulary: brake
(once / 713 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
To brake is to stop. The noun brake is the pedal in the car that stops the vehicle when pressed. When you want to brake, step on the brake)!
In Middle English breken meant things that stopped others, such as a bridle for a horse. If your bicycle screeches at the bottom of every hill, maybe you should have the brakes checked. French Poet Paul Valery saw a brake as a stopping agent for more than just a vehicle: “Man's great misfortune is that he has no organ, no kind of eyelid or brake, to mask or block a thought, or all thought, when he wants to.”
WORD FAMILY
brake: braked, brakes, braking, braky
USAGE EXAMPLES
That reality fueled several successful efforts in 2016 to put the brakes on government red tape.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ground was broken in 1972, but a fiscal crisis in the city slammed the brakes on the project again.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And a top national security official who values dialogue over diatribes is what we need to put the brakes on Trump’s most frightening counterterrorism proposals.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 制动器，闸; 刹车; 阻碍
vt. & vi. 刹（车）
时态：braked, braking, brakes
分布：刹车(67%)，制动器(20%)，闸(13%)
→词源同break.
v./n.制动(器),闸,刹车The wakened cake baker awakes to that he has to brake by the lake.被唤醒的蛋糕师傅醒悟到他必须在湖边刹车.
【源】brake首次出现于16世纪，意指“马缰或勒马带”。远早于汽车的出现。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a device which makes a vehicle go slower or stop, or a pedal , bar or handle which makes this device work 刹车；闸，制动器
• She had no brakes on her bicycle. 她的脚踏车没有煞车器。
• The taxi driver suddenly UK applied / US put on his brakes. 计程车司机突然踩了刹车。
• informal I slammed on (= quickly used) the brake, but it was too late. 我赶忙踩刹车，可已经来不及了。
• All our new models have anti-lock brakes. 我们所有的新车型号都有防锁死刹车。
screech/squeal of brakes
■the loud, unpleasant noise of a car suddenly stopping 尖锐震耳的煞车声
• Suddenly we heard a screech of brakes and saw the car swerve to miss the cyclist. 突然间，我们听到一声尖锐的煞车声，看到一辆车猛然转向去闪避一个骑脚踏车的人。
[breɪk] noun countable
put a brake on (also put the brakes on)
■to slow down or stop an activity 抑制，控制；制止
• The government has put a brake on further spending. 政府已经控制进一步的开支了。
[breɪk] verb intransitive
■to make a vehicle go slower or stop, using its brake 刹住；刹车
• When it's icy, brake gently. 路面有冰时要慢慢刹车。
• He would zoom up to junctions and brake hard/sharply at the last minute. 他总是飞快地冲到交叉路口，然后在最后一刻再猛地刹车。
n. 闸， [机] [车辆] 刹车；阻碍
 - spoke, lock

Word: menopause
Front: menopause
[ˈmenəpɔ:z] (10584/15771 -1)
Back: n. [医]停经，经绝（期）; 活动终止期; 更年期; 绝经期
分布：更年期(94%)，停经期(6%)
→来自拉丁语menopausis,停经，来自menses,月经，词源同moon,pausis,暂停，停止，词源同pause.引申词义更年期。
US [-pɑ:z] noun uncountable (informal the change (of life))
■the time in a woman's life when she gradually stops having periods blood flow from her womb each month 停经，停经期；更年期
• Most women go through UKthe menopause] USmenopause between the ages of 45 and 55. 大多数妇女在45岁至55岁之间经历更年期。
n. 更年期；活动终止期
 - climacterium

Word: patch
Front: patch
[pætʃ] (研四六托雅宝 3316/3039 -2)
Vocabulary: patch
(once / 238 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
When you patch something, you repair it, like when you patch a hole in the knee of your favorite jeans or when road crews use asphalt to patch a pothole in the street.
The verb patch describes fixing by filling in a weak spot or by replacing missing material. You might patch a wall, for example, to fill in a hole before you paint it, or even “patch things up” after a disagreement with a friend. As a noun, patch describes a period of time, like a "rough path," the material used for fixing, like the patch you sew over a hole in fabric, or even a small piece of land, like a garden patch.
WORD FAMILY
patch: patched, patches, patching, patchy +/patching: patchings/ patchy: patchier, patchily, patchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is what creates the red patches and silvery scales of psoriasis, and it also explains why “cures” are elusive.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The products include glasses, hats, T-shirts, patches, wallets and other items.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Eyewear, hats, T-shirts, wallets and patches are among the items referenced, some of which are said to use the Run-D.M.C. trademark.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 补丁，补片; 眼罩; 斑点; 小块
vt. 修补，拼凑; 暂时遮掩一下; 修理，平息（吵架等）; 用美人斑装饰（脸）
vi. 打补丁
时态：patched, patching, patches
分布：补丁(48%)，修补(31%)，眼罩(9%)，解决(9%)，补缀(1%)，小片(1%)，掩饰(1%)
→来自古法语pieche,来自piece方言变体，引申词义小块，斑点，补丁等。插入字母t,比较bake,batch.
n.补丁,斑点,碎片小块v.补,修补,掩饰I scratched a match and saw my watch catching a patch.我划了一根火柴发现我的手表钩着了一块补丁.
noun countable
AREA 地区
 ADVANCED
■a small area which is different in some way from the area that surrounds it （与周围不同的）斑，小块
• Our dog has a black patch on his back. 我们的狗背上有块黑斑。
• The hotel walls were covered in damp patches. 饭店的墙壁上满是湿渍。
• There were lots of icy patches on the road this morning. 今天早上路上有多处地方结了冰。
• This story is good in patches (= some parts are good) , but I wouldn't really recommend it. 这本小说有些部分写得不错，但我不是很想推荐它。
■informal
■a local area within which someone works 工作地
• He's been working as a policeman on the same patch for twenty years. 他已经在同一个管区当了20年的员警。
[pætʃ] noun countable
PIECE OF MATERIAL 一块布料
■a small piece of material fixed over something to cover it 补钉，补片
• I'll have to sew a patch onto these jeans - they're ripped at the knee. 我要在这条牛仔裤上缝个补钉——膝盖处撕破了。
■a small piece of material which can be stuck to the skin, from which particular substances can be absorbed into the body 膏药，贴布
• Some people wear nicotine patches to help them give up smoking. 有些人贴尼古丁戒烟贴片来帮助自己戒烟。
■* an eye-patch
[pætʃ] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑
■a small computer program that can be added to an existing program in order to make the existing program work as it should （用来完善已有程式的）程式补钉，修补程式
• I downloaded a patch from their website. 我从他们的网站上下载了一个程式补钉。
Compare plugin
[pætʃ] noun countable
go through a bad/difficult/rough/sticky patch informal
■to experience a lot of problems in a period in your life 倒楣，不走运
• Andy's going through a bit of a rough patch at the moment - his wife wants a divorce. 安迪目前处境有点困难——他老婆要跟他离婚。
[pætʃ] noun countable
not be a patch on sth UK informal
■to be much less good than something 远比不上，远不如
• This new washing machine isn't a patch on our old one. 这台新洗衣机远不如我们那台旧的。
[pætʃ] verb
CONNECT 连接
transitive usually + adverb or preposition specialized
■to connect electronic or telephone equipment to a system 接通，连接（电子设备或电话）
[pætʃ] verb
PIECE OF MATERIAL 一块布料
transitive
■to put a patch on something 缝补；修补
[pætʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] patch sth together
■to arrange something very quickly but not very carefully 仓促拼合，草草拼凑
• There is much disagreement, but the group of countries is trying to patch together a treaty on defence. 尽管存在很多分歧，这几个国家还是试图草拟出一份防御条约。
[pætʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] patch sth up
■to try to improve a relationship after there have been problems 弥合（关系），和解
• Jackie and Bill are still trying to patch up their marriage. 杰基和比尔仍在设法修补他们的婚姻。
• Did you manage to patch things up with Jackie after your row? 你们争吵过后，你有没有设法和杰基言归于好？
■to repair something, especially in a basic and temporary way 修理；（尤指）临时草草修补
[pætʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  patch sb/sth up
■to give basic medical care to someone that helps them temporarily 为…提供基本（或临时）的治疗，为…草草包扎
• If you've cut your hand, the first aider will patch you up. 如果你割破了手，急救员会为你处理的。
fix, mend, repair, patch
这组词都有“修理，修复”的意思，其区别是：
fix: 多用于美语，仅用于指带有安装固定性质的修理。
mend: 通常指较简单的修复过程，一般不需要专门技术或特殊工具。
repair: 可与mend换用，但一般指需要较高的职业技能和使用较复杂的工具进行修理。
patch: 通常指用类似材料修补破洞、裂缝或磨损的地方。
n. 眼罩；斑点；碎片；小块土地
 - spot, chip, debris
vt. 修补；解决；掩饰
 - decide, settle

Word: electrode
Front: electrode
[ɪˈlektrəʊd] (六 10607/12910 -1)
Back: n. 电极; 电焊条
分布：电极(98%)，电焊条(2%)
→electro, 电。-od, 路，见method, anode.
US [-troʊd] noun countable
■the point at which an electric current enters or leaves something, for example, a battery 电极
n. [电] 电极；电焊条
 - electric pole, terminal post

Word: sparkle
Front: sparkle
[ˈspɑ:kl] (研四六雅 10602/8882 -2)
Vocabulary: sparkle
(once / 260 pages)
vn
Fairy dust, stars, Christmas lights, Hanukkah candles, freshly fallen snow, a lake when the sun hits it just right — all of these things sparkle. That means they shine with a bright, glistening, shimmering light.
Sparkle can also refer to joy or merriment. When you're having a really good time, your face will sparkle. As a verb, sparkle means to be lively and excited, or to be so brilliant at something that you shine above the rest. It can also describe something bubbly or foamy — like when you add soap to your bath to make the bathwater sparkle. Sparkle can also describe something that produces sparks — like a magic wand.
WORD FAMILY
sparkle: sparkled, sparkler, sparkles, sparkling, sparkly +/ sparkler: sparklers/ sparkling: sparklingly, sparklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when I looked harder I saw something sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They leered across the bar throwing judgmental daggers at the laughter and sparkles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
From the new movie “Live By Night,” a Deco-style beaded flapper dress is all sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 闪耀，闪烁; 活跃，焕发活力和才智
n. 光亮; 活力
时态：sparkled, sparkling, sparkles
分布：闪耀(51%)，火花(44%)，冒火花(5%)
→spark,火花，火星，-le,表反复。
v.发火花,闪耀The pearl sparkled in the moonlight.那颗珍珠在月光下闪闪发光.
US ['spɑ:r-] verb intransitive
■to shine brightly with a lot of small points of light 闪耀，闪烁
• The snow/sea sparkled in the sunlight. 雪／大海在阳光下闪烁。
■If a person or performance sparkles, they are energetic, interesting and exciting （人或表演）生气勃勃，充满活力
• Alice is shy and quiet at parties, but her sister really sparkles! 爱丽斯在派对上安静腼腆，而她妹妹却活力四射。
UK ['spɑ:.kl] US ['spɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■bright shine 闪耀，闪烁
• The radiant smile and the sparkle in her blue eyes were the clear signs of a woman still deeply in love. 她灿烂的笑容和蓝色眼睛里那飞扬的神采都是热恋中女子的明显标记。
■energy and interest 活力，生气
• Their latest performance of My Fair Lady really lacked sparkle. 他们最近一次《窈窕淑女》的演出实在是毫无精彩之处。
• The sparkle went out of/left her (= She became unhappy) after her husband died. 丈夫去世后，她便失去了往日的生气。
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
n. 闪耀；火花；活力
 - energy, vitality, spring, vigor
vt. 使闪耀；使发光
 - fire, flare
vi. 闪耀；发泡；活跃
 - shine on

Word: stylistic
Front: stylistic
[staɪˈlɪstɪk] (10647/9238 -1)
Back: adj. 文体的; 文体（论）的; 体裁上的
分布：风格上的(36%)，格式上的(31%)，体裁上的(27%)，文体上(6%)
→stylist,风格师，文体家，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective
■relating to a particular style of doing something 风格的；风格上的
• In their second album, the band tried to expand their stylistic range. 在他们的第二张专辑里，乐队尝试着拓展他们的风格。
• Notice the stylistic similarities in the work of these three sculptors. 注意这三位元雕塑家作品风格的相似之处。

Word: disciplined
Front: disciplined
['dɪsɪplɪnd] (托 10617/11082 -1)
Vocabulary: disciplined
(once / 1154 pages)
adj
People who are disciplined are either rule-followers or they are controlled and efficient. A disciplined runner who's training for a marathon has a regular, daily exercise routine.
Your disciplined puppy might be the star of her obedience class, the very best at "sit" and "stay." And your cousin who speaks six languages is also disciplined — she studies, reads, and practices speaking for hours every day. Disciplined comes from the noun discipline, which has come to mean "punishment," but is rooted in the Latin word disciplina, "teaching or knowledge," and also "military discipline."
WORD FAMILY
disciplined: self-disciplined, undisciplined+/disciplinarian: disciplinarians/disciplinary: disciplinarily, interdisciplinary / discipline: disciplinarian, disciplinary, disciplined, disciplines, disciplining, indiscipline, self-discipline, undiscipline/indiscipline: indisciplines
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The players are off. They are not working,” McAdoo said when asked if they would be disciplined.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For only that brief 30 minutes you must be disciplined.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Stoke were organised and disciplined at the back and threatened at the other end.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 受过训练的; 遵守纪律的
v. 训练(discipline的过去式和过去分词); 使有纪律
分布：受过训练的(48%)，遵守纪律的(41%)，动词discipline的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
adjective
■behaving in a very controlled way 守纪律的，守规矩的；训练有素的
• France play with more flair and inventiveness, whereas England are a more disciplined side. 法国队的表现更具才气和创意，而英格兰队则表现得更为中规中矩。
• Those children are well disciplined. 那些孩子都很守规矩。
adj. 遵守纪律的；受过训练的
 - schooled

Word: ornate
Front: ornate
[ɔ:ˈneɪt] (宝 10610/11678 -1)
Vocabulary: ornate
(once / 3016 pages)
adj
If something is ornate — whether it's a ball gown, a set of dishes, or a poem — it seems to be covered in ornaments. It's lavish, flowery, or heavily adorned.
Look at the first four letters of ornate, and you'll spot the beginning of its close relative ornament. Ornate most often describes how something looks, but it doesn't have to be visual. The prose in Victorian love letters was more ornate than the email messages people send today. The ornate gilded mirrors and enormous chandeliers in the palace at Versailles were the height of fashion in Marie Antoinette's time, but home decor is simpler today. Now, it seems too ornate.
WORD FAMILY
ornate: ornately, ornateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His doves, Divinity and Majesty, flutter in an ornate white cage on the viewing balcony above.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Media trucks sat across the street, and motorists slowed to gawk at the building, whose ornate iron gates were draped with Christmas lights.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Other elements this wave brings: Chinoiserie, ornate historic motifs, florals, organic patterns and the handmade.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 装饰华丽的; （文体）绚丽的; 矫揉造作的
分布：华丽的(85%)，装饰的(15%)
→来自拉丁语ornare,装饰，来自ordnare,安排，布置，词源同order,adorn.即装饰好的，引申词义装修豪华的，富丽的，堂皇的。
华丽的;装饰的(orn+ate)[orn=embellish,表示"装饰"]
【记】orn装饰，ate一装饰过的一华美的
【参】suborn（v 贿赂）sub下面，orn装饰：从下面装饰你－贿赂
US [ɔ:r-] adjective
■having a lot of complicated decoration 装饰华丽的；装饰繁复的
• a room with an ornate ceiling and gold mirrors 有华丽天花板和金框镜子装饰的房间
■mainly disapproving
■Language which is ornate contains too many complicated words or phrases 语言华丽的（形容语言结构复杂，辞藻华丽）
• Some students are put off studying his work because of the ornate language of the poetry. 一些学生对学习他的作品没有多大兴趣，因为他的诗句结构复杂，辞藻华丽。
adj. 华丽的；装饰的；（文体）绚丽的
 - magnificent, brave, gorgeous, shining, superb

Word: slap
Front: slap
[slæp] (研六托雅 4086/5686 -2)
Back: n. 掌掴; 掌掴声; 侮辱
vt. 猛打; 用力放置; 尖刻批评、侮辱
vi. 拍击
adv. 直接地; 猛然地
时态：slapped, slapping, slaps
分布：掴(35%)，侮辱(27%)，拍击(10%)，惩罚(9%)，直接地(9%)，正面地(3%)，突然地(3%)，申斥(3%)，拍击声(1%)
n./v.拍,掌击He gave her a slap on the cheek.他打了她一耳光.
noun
HIT 打
countable
■a quick hit with the flat part of the hand or other flat object 拍，掴；掌击
• She gave her son a slap for behaving badly. 她因儿子不听话给了他一巴掌。
a slap in the face informal
■an action that insults or upsets someone 一记耳光；侮辱；打击
• It was a real slap in the face for him when she refused to go out to dinner with him. 她拒绝和他一起出去吃晚饭，这对他真是一种侮辱。
a slap on the back
■when someone hits you in a friendly way on the back in order to show praise for something you have done 友好地轻拍背部（表示赞许或表扬）
• He's won - give him a slap on the back. 他赢了——应该好好祝贺他一下。
a slap on the wrist informal
■a gentle warning or punishment 轻微的警告（或惩罚）
• The judge gave Minna a slap on the wrist for not wearing her seat belt. 法官因为明娜没有系安全带而对她稍稍惩戒了一下。
[slæp] noun
FOR FACE 用于面部
uncountable UK informal
■ make-up
• I'm just going to put a bit of slap on. 我正要去补补妆。
[slæp] noun
slap and tickle UK informal humorous
■playful sexual behaviour 调情，打情骂俏
• I think there's a bit of slap and tickle going on in the back of that car over there. 我想那辆汽车的后座上有人在打情骂俏。
[slæp] adverb (UK also slap-bang) informal
■directly or right 径直；正好，恰好
• The football player kicked the ball slap into the middle of the net. 那名球员将足球不偏不倚地踢入了球网中央。
⇒ See also smack
[slæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
 ADVANCED
■to hit someone with the flat part of the hand or other flat object 拍，打；掌掴
• She slapped his face. 她给了他一记耳光。
• She slapped him across the face. 她抽了他一记耳光。
• informal Her husband has been slapping her around (= hitting her repeatedly) , but she's afraid to go to the police. 她丈夫经常打她，但她不敢报警。
• His friends slapped him on the back when he said he was getting married (= hit him lightly on the back in a friendly way to express pleasure at what he had done). 他说自己要结婚时，他的朋友都向他表示祝贺。
• When her ideas were rejected, she slapped her report (down) on the table and stormed out of the meeting. 她的想法被否决后，她把报告摔在桌子上，气冲冲地退出了会议。
[slæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] slap sb down usually disapproving
■to stop someone from talking or making suggestions, often in an unpleasant way 粗暴地制止（某人）；压制（某人）；断然否决（某人）
• I tried to suggest ways in which the plans could be improved, but he slapped me down. 我试图提出可以改进那些计划的方法，但被他一口否决了。
[slæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] slap sth on
■to put or spread a substance over a surface very quickly or roughly （随便地）涂上一层，撒上一层；随意涂抹
• We want to sell our house, so we've slapped some paint on the outside to make it look better. 我们想卖掉房子，所以就把外面简单地刷了些漆使它看起来更漂亮些。
[slæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] slap sth on/onto (sth/sb) informal disapproving
■When someone in authority slaps an unpleasant, difficult or extra thing on someone or something, they suddenly make them provide or accept it 强制实施，强制执行；强制（某人）接受
• The government has slapped more tax on cigarettes. 政府已对香烟强制征收更高额的税。
• The librarian slapped a fine on him for returning the books late. 因为他逾期还书，图书管理员强制他交了罚款。
vt. 拍击；侮辱；掌击；掴…的耳光
 - make a chump out of, insult
n. 掴；侮辱；掌击；拍打声
 - despite, indignity
vi. 掴；拍击
 - spank
adv. 直接地；猛然地；恰好
 - directly, immediately, straight, just, fair

Word: refinement
Front: refinement
[rɪˈfaɪnmənt] (托 10637/8664 -1)
Vocabulary: refinement
(once / 693 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Do you know which fork is for your salad and which one is for dessert? Then you have some refinement — good manners and taste.
Things that go through a process of refinement have been refined; they've lost their rough edges. For people, this means they have good manners, and for substances like oil and sugar, it means that their impurities have been removed. With refinement, things and people become more acceptable: the sugar's refinement makes it appropriate to serve at a fancy party, and your refinement makes you a perfect guest there.
WORD FAMILY
refinement: refinements+/overrefine: overrefined, overrefinement/ refine: overrefine, refined, refinement, refiner, refinery, refines, refining / refined: refinedest, refinedly, unrefined/refiner: refiners/ refinery: refineries/ refining: refinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The story warmly conveys the dignity and refinements of these women.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Baldwin Park, a successful residential development with a commercial heart, in nearby Orlando, was a refinement of the idea.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 精炼，提纯，净化; 改良品; 细微的改良，极致; 优雅，高贵的动作
分布：精致(34%)，精炼(23%)，提炼(18%)，文雅(17%)，改良(8%)
noun
CHANGE 改变
uncountable
■the process of making a substance pure 提炼；提纯；精炼
• The refinement of raw opium yields other drugs, such as morphine. 生鸦片经过提炼产生其他药物，如吗啡。
countable or uncountable
■a small change that improves something （精细的）改进，完善
• These refinements have increased the machine's accuracy by 25%. 经过这些改进，机器的准确率提高了25%。
• Clearly, the hypothesis does need some refinement, in the light of these surprising results. 很显然，从这些令人惊讶的结果来看，该假设确实需要进一步完善。
[rɪ'faɪn.mənt] noun
POLITENESS 有礼教
uncountable
■a quality of politeness and education 文雅；高雅；有教养
• She's the personification of culture and refinement. 她是文化与教养的化身。
n. [化工] [油气] [冶] 精制；文雅；提纯
 - cultivation, purification

Word: neurological
Front: neurological
[ˌnjʊərəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (10640/16349)
Vocabulary: neurological
(once / 13162 pages)
adj
Anything neurological has to do with the nervous system — the brain, spinal cord, or nerves. A neurological disorder might affect a person's memory or the quality of their sleep.
Neurological tests are used by doctors to see how well the patient's nervous system is working, and they involve things like balance, memory, and strength. A neurological illness can affect the brain, like Alzheimer's Disease, or coordination of the muscles, like Cerebral Palsy. Neurological and neurology, the study of the nervous system, come from Greek roots neuro, "pertaining to a nerve," and logia, "study."
WORD FAMILY
neurology: neurologic, neurological, neurologist+/neurologic: neurologically/neurologist: neurologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Even relatively benign neurological quirks – say, learning disabilities such as dyslexia – attract cynicism and suspicion.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Currently, the clinical criteria for a diagnosis of concussion are largely subjective, involving myriad neurological and cognitive tests.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 神经学的; 神经病学的
分布：神经病学的(100%)
US [ˌnʊr.ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■relating to nerves 神经的；神经系统的
• neurological disease/damage 神经疾病／神经损伤
• Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder. 初期痴呆症状是一种神经疾病。

Word: outpatient
Front: outpatient
[ˈaʊtpeɪʃnt] (10633/10865 -1)
Back: n. 门诊病人，不住院病人
分布：门诊病人(100%)
→out-,向外，外面的，patient,病人。
noun countable
■a person who goes to a hospital for treatment, but who does not stay any nights there 门诊病人
• an outpatient clinic 门诊部
Compare inpatient

Word: awkwardly
Front: awkwardly
['ɔ:kwədlɪ] (托 10600/10344 -K)
Vocabulary: awkwardly
(once / 1516 pages)
adv
If you do something awkwardly, you do it with very little grace, in a klutzy or bumbling way. When a first date goes awkwardly, you might be tempted to skip a second date.
People behave awkwardly when they're embarrassed or self-conscious — you might act awkwardly as you stand on a stage, accepting an unexpected award. You might also move awkwardly in a purely physical sense: "The cast on his leg meant that he shuffled awkwardly down the hall on crutches." The original meaning of the adjective awkward was "in the wrong direction," a combination of awk, "back-handed" or "turned the wrong way," and -ward, "toward."
WORD FAMILY
awkward: awkwarder, awkwardest, awkwardly, awkwardness+/awkwardness: awkwardnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
One afternoon, Grimes was running a curl route when he pivoted awkwardly, torquing his right knee.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Lin landed awkwardly and limped to the line after he was fouled on a drive to the basket early in the third quarter.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Lin landed awkwardly and was limping after he was fouled on a drive to the basket early in the third quarter.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 笨拙地; 困难地; 难看地; 尴尬地
分布：笨拙地(45%)，尴尬地(33%)，别扭地(11%)，拘谨地(11%)
US ['ɑ:.kwɚd-] adverb
EMBARRASSED 尴尬的
■in a worried or embarrassed way 局促不安地；尴尬地
• He shifted awkwardly from one foot to the other. 他局促不安地站在那里，双脚倒来倒去。
■in an embarrassing or worrying way, or a way which causes problems 不合适地；引发问题地；令人难堪担忧地
• The publication of the economic statistics was awkwardly timed for the Government. 经济统计数字公布的时机不对，令政府陷入尴尬局面。
UK ['ɔ:.kwəd.li] US ['ɑ:.kwɚd-] adverb
MOVEMENT 动作
■moving in a way that is not natural, relaxed or attractive 笨拙的；别扭的；不灵活的；难看的
• She fell awkwardly when she was skiing and twisted her ankle. 滑雪时，她笨重地摔了一跤，扭伤了脚踝。
• He walked awkwardly across the room, aware that they were watching. 他不自然地走过房间，知道大家都在看着他。
UK ['ɔ:.kwəd.li] US ['ɑ:.kwɚd-] adverb
DIFFICULT 困难的
■in a way that is difficult to deal with, use, or do 难用的；棘手的；难处理的，难对付的
• The car was parked awkwardly across the pavement. 这辆车停得太不是地方了，把整条人行道堵住了。
UK ['ɔ:.kwəd.li] US ['ɑ:.kwɚd-] adverb
NOT HELPFUL 没有助益的
■in an intentionally unhelpful way 难相处的；不合作的；故意为难的
adv. 笨拙地；无技巧地
 - lumpingly, clumsily

Word: edible
Front: edible
[ˈedəbl] (研六托雅 10611/14788 -1)
Vocabulary: edible
(once / 2250 pages)
adjn
If it’s edible, you can eat it. Many things that you may not want to eat are, in fact, edible. Certain insects are edible, which just means that you can consume them without getting sick (if it doesn't gross you out too much).
Edible comes from the Latin word edere, which means “to eat.” Anything that people can safely eat is described as edible. Long before there were complex labels on our packages of food, human predecessors were living in caves and sampling various plants and animals for their survival, all the while learning the hard way whether or not certain things were either edible or poisonous. You are most likely a descendant of the ones who found the edible stuff.
WORD FAMILY
edible: edibility, edibleness, edibles, inedible
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last winter they perfected an edible cookie dough now on the menu.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Indeed, Parsi surnames provide a veritable smorgasbord of edible associations.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Edible table art is useful when garden flowers are scarce.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可以吃的，可食用的
n. 食物
分布：可食用的(38%)，食品(32%)，食物(30%)
→来自词根ed, 吃，词源同eat.
可吃的,食用的(ed+ible能够...的)[cd=eat表示"吃"]
a.可食用的It's incredible that the editor's editorial in this edition is edible.本版中的编辑社论可以食用让人难以置信.
adjective
■suitable or safe for eating （无毒而）可以吃的；适宜食用的
• Only the leaves of the plant are edible. 这种植物仅叶子可食。
Compare eatable Opposite inedible
adj. 可食用的
 - touchable
n. 食品；食物
 - diet, eating

Word: thrilling
Front: thrilling
[ˈθrɪlɪŋ] (10623/9924 -1)
Back: adj. 令人兴奋的; 毛骨悚然的; 颤动的; <医>震颤的
v. “thrill”的现在分词
分布：令人兴奋的(47%)，毛骨悚然的(40%)，令人震颤的(8%)，动词thrill的现在分词.(5%)
→来自 thrill,紧张，引申词义紧张的，扣人心弦的。
adjective
■extremely exciting 令人激动的；惊险的；紧张的
• The book is a thrilling adventure story. 这是一部情节紧张的冒险小说。
adj. 毛骨悚然的；令人兴奋的；颤动的
 - exciting, infusive

Word: neutralize
Front: neutralize
[ˈnju:trəlaɪz] (托雅宝 10512/18792 -1)
Vocabulary: neutralize
(once / 2415 pages)
v
When you neutralize something, you make it harmless or ineffective — usually by applying its opposite force, like pouring water on a fire.
The world neutral was first used to describe a country that doesn’t take sides in a war, like Switzerland. There’s something kind of noble about a country that doesn’t participate in war by choice, but when we say something has been neutralized — that usually means that its power has been taken away from the outside.
WORD FAMILY
neutralize: neutralization, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing+/ neutral: neutral-colored, neutralise, neutralism, neutralize, neutrally, neutrals/neutralise: neutralisation, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising/neutralism: neutralist/neutralist: neutralists, neutrality / neutrality: neutralities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The arms race also dictated that the Soviet Union respond with overwhelming retaliation against the United States, to quickly neutralize any further threat.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Brussels prosecutor’s office spokeswoman Ine Van Wymersch said an army team was called in Friday and “they neutralized” the package.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
He said Russia should be swift in “adjusting plans to neutralize potential threats to our country.”
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使中立化; 使无效; 宣布中立; 中和
时态：neutralized, neutralizing, neutralizes
分布：中和(82%)，使无效(10%)，使中立(8%)
→来自neuter,中性的。引申词义使中立，使无效。
使中和(neutral中间的,中和的+ize)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】源于：neutral（n 中立者；adj 中立的；中性的）
【参】neutron（n 中子）
US ['nu:-] verb transitive
STOP EFFECT 使失效 (ALSO UK also neutralise)
■to stop something from having an effect 抵消，使失效
• to neutralize an acid/odour 中和酸／祛味
• The aerial bombardments have neutralized the threat of artillery attacks on allied ground forces. 空袭压制了炮火，减轻了盟军地面部队受到的威胁。
UK ['nju:.trə.laɪz] US ['nu:-] verb transitive
CHEMISTRY/ELECTRICITY 化学／电子 (ALSO UK usually neutralise)
■to make something neutral 使中立；使中和
• Acidity in soil can be neutralized (= have the acid removed) by spreading lime on it. 在土壤上面撒石灰可以中和其酸性。
vt. 抵销；使…中和；使…无效；使…中立
 - blank, cancel out

Word: chute
Front: chute
[ʃu:t] (10638/16220)
Back: n. 斜槽，滑道; 降落伞
vt. 用斜槽或斜道运送
vi. 顺斜道而下，在斜槽或滑道中滑行
时态：chuted, chuting, chutes
分布：降落伞(45%)，斜槽(25%)，瀑布(16%)，用斜槽进料(7%)，泻物架(7%)
→来自词根cad, 滑，掉落，词源同case, accident.
noun countable
SLIDE 滑
■a narrow, steep slope down which objects or people can slide 滑道；滑梯；斜槽
• a water chute 水上滑梯
• a laundry chute 洗衣槽
• a garbage/rubbish chute 垃圾道
• an emergency chute 紧急滑梯
[ʃu:t] noun countable
CLOTH DEVICE 布制设备 informal for
■ parachute （降落伞的）伞衣
n. 瀑布；斜槽；降落伞；陡坡道
 - fall, waterfall

Word: focused
Front: focused
[ˈfəʊkəst] (10625/19134)
Vocabulary: focused
(once / 685 pages)
adj
When a person is focused on something, they're paying attention to it. When a camera lens or your eyes are focused, they've made the adjustments needed to see clearly. When a beam of light is focused on a thing, it's shining on that thing.
The adjective focused derives from the verb focus, which means to fix on a central point. When you are focused on school, all your attention is fixed on one thing: school. When your telescope is focused on Jupiter, you have aligned the lenses with where Jupiter is in the sky. And when your flashlight is focused on the base of your chin, the shadows cast on the rest of your face make you look really creepy.
WORD FAMILY
focused: unfocused+/ focus: foci, focused, focuses, focusing, focussing, refocus /focussing: focussings/ refocus: refocused, refocuses, refocusing, refocussed
USAGE EXAMPLES
He focused only on securing a perfect ending to an epic evening.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The system is merging the two hospitals into a $1 billion medical center focused heavily on outpatient care.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hanman focused on the recent test of a liquid-fueled rocket engine as proof of this emerging capability for the North.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 聚焦的
v. （使）集中， （使）聚集( focus的过去式和过去分词 ); 调整（镜头，眼睛）焦点[焦距]以便看清; （光、声等的）焦点; 集中（光束于）
分布：聚焦的(63%)，集中的(25%)，动词focus的过去式和过去分词.(12%)
US ['foʊ-] (also focussed)
adjective
GIVING ATTENTION 关注
■giving a lot of attention to one particular thing 集中关注一点的，目标明确的
• the need for more focused research 需要目标更为明确的研究
UK ['fəʊ.kəst] US ['foʊ-] (also focussed)
adjective
PHOTOGRAPH 照片
■clear 清晰的
• a focused image 清晰的图像
adj. 聚焦的；专心的
 - intent, single-minded
v. 聚焦；注视（focus的过去分词）
 - stared

Word: skyscraper
Front: skyscraper
[ˈskaɪskreɪpə(r)] (高研六托宝 10626/20049 -1)
Vocabulary: skyscraper
(once / 4247 pages)
n
A skyscraper is a very tall building, like New York City's Empire State Building, which held the title of "World's Tallest Building" for many years.
You're most likely to see a skyscraper in a large city like New York or Hong Kong. You can spot the tourists in these cities because they are often gazing up at the tops of the skyscrapers. The designation of a building as a skyscraper was originally an Americanism, but the earliest recorded use of skyscraper was for a triangular sail set topmost on a square-rigged ship, and at other times in the past the word was used to designate a very tall man and a high-flying bird, among other things.
WORD FAMILY
skyscraper: skyscrapers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the setting is now Los Angeles instead of an iconic Manhattan skyscraper.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Donald Trump is from New York City and likes to be associated with skyscrapers.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Skyscraper lawsuit names Curtis Fresch, a former City of Industry employee, as a defendant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 摩天大楼，超高层大楼; 特别高的东西
分布：摩天大楼(100%)
n.摩天大楼The skyscrapers is high.摩天大楼很高.
【记】sky天空，scrape（n /v 刮；擦），r：擦到天空的楼－摩天大楼
【参】sky-rocket（v （物价等）猛涨）
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a very tall modern building, usually in a city 摩天大楼

Word: thunderstorm
Front: thunderstorm
[ˈθʌndəstɔ:m] (高托 10620/18737 -1)
Back: n. 雷电交加的暴风雨; 大雷雨
分布：雷暴雨(55%)，大雷雨(45%)
US [-dɚ.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a storm with thunder and lightning and usually heavy rain 雷雨，雷暴
n. [气象] 雷暴；雷暴雨；大雷雨
 - electrical storm, tornado

Word: booklet
Front: booklet
[ˈbʊklət] (雅 10619/5157 -2)
Back: n. 小册子
分布：小册子(100%)
小册子(book书)[-et表名词"小东西"注:-let=-et表示"小"]
noun countable
■a very thin book with a small number of pages and a paper cover, giving information about something 小册子
n. 小册子
 - tract, pamphlet

Word: inexperienced
Front: inexperienced
[ˌɪnɪkˈspɪəriənst] (10631/8557)
Back: adj. 无经验的; 不熟练的; 陌生; 不经事
分布：无经验的(73%)，不熟练的(27%)
US [-'spɪr.i-] adjective
■having little knowledge or experience 缺乏经验的，不熟练的
• They are young inexperienced parents and need support. 他们是缺乏经验的年轻父母，需要得到帮助。
adj. 无经验的；不熟练的
 - fresh, raw

Word: funky
Front: funky
[fʌŋki] (10614/23745 -1)
Vocabulary: funky
(once / 11657 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
Something that's funky has a strong musical rhythm or beat, and a deep bluesy sound. You might practice some funky bass lines before auditioning for your school's jazz band.
Funky tunes have some of the spirit of the 1960s-era music genre called funk, a branch of R&B that's influenced by soul and jazz music. Rhythm is so important in funky music that the drums and bass are emphasized, melody less so. Based on this cool music, funky also means "stylish" or "hip:" "Mom, those pants are totally funky." The word's original meaning, however, was "stinky," specifically when discussing the smell of aged cheese.
WORD FAMILY
funky: funkier, funkiest+/ funk: funked, funking, funks, funky
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dance to the funky sounds of the Experience Brass Band from 10 p.m. until last call, interrupted only by a midnight champagne toast.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
I think it was this funky cycle we were in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And is it okay for outsiders to alter a region’s food because they think it’s too funky for the stereotypical American palate?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊恐的，恐慌的; 有臭味的; 畏缩的; 时髦的
级别：funkier, funkiest
分布：时髦的(78%)，惊恐的(10%)，新式的(6%)，霉臭的(6%)
→来自funk, 恶臭，放克音乐。
adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■describes a style of music, usually for dancing to, with a strong rhythm based on jazz and a tune that repeats itself 乡土爵士乐风格的，放克风格的
• Have you heard their new record? It's really funky. 你听过他们的新唱片吗？典型的乡土爵士乐风格。
['fʌŋ.ki] adjective
FASHIONABLE 时髦的 slang
■fashionable in an unusual and noticeable way 时髦的；不同寻常的
• She has some really funky clothes. 她有一些很时髦新潮的衣服。
• short funky haircuts 时髦的短发
adj. 时髦的；畏缩的；恶臭的
 - modern, fashionable, tony, in, stylish

Word: hum
Front: hum
[hʌm] (研六雅 6823/10116 -2)
Vocabulary: hum
(once / 450 pages)
vn
To hum is to make a low, steady, singing sound with your mouth closed. If you don't know the words to a song on the radio, you can just hum along.
Other hums are based on the musical hum, making a similar low, constant sound. Bees hum, an electric fan hums, and your car idling quietly also hums. A figurative way to hum is to be busy and loud: "The cafe always seemed to hum with activity." The word hum is imitative (it sounds like the noise it describes), but its earliest form was hommen, in the 1500s, meaning "make a murmuring sound to cover embarrassment."
WORD FAMILY
hum: hummed, hummer, humming, hums+/hummer: hummers/humming: hummings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At Jo-Ann Fabric, the sewing aisle, a beacon of immigrant industriousness, was humming.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
But the pharmacy business keeps humming along nicely, with comps rising 3.4 percent during the same time frame.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Sometimes, I would hum the sound of the keys as I tapped on the cardboard.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 哼唱
vi. 忙碌，活跃; 发嗡嗡声; 发出嘈杂声
n. 嗡嗡声; 杂音; 哼唱的动作
int. 哼; 嗯
时态：hummed, humming, hums
分布：哼(42%)，嗡嗡声(30%)，活跃(12%)，杂声(8%)，哼声(5%)，发低哼声(3%)
→拟声词，嗡嗡叫的声音。
v.哼曲子;发嗡嗡声;忙碌n.嗡嗡声,嘈杂声She hummed a song to herself.她独自哼着一首歌.
verb (-mm-)
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound 发出连续低沉的声音，嗡嗡作响
• The computers were humming in the background. 电脑在某个不显眼的地方嗡嗡作响。
• What's that strange humming sound? 那种奇怪的嗡嗡声是甚么？
intransitive or transitive
■to sing without opening your mouth 哼（曲子）
• She hummed to herself as she walked to school. 她在上学的路上边走边哼曲子。
• I've forgotten how that tune goes - could you hum it for me? 我忘了那个调子怎么唱——你能帮我哼一下吗？
intransitive informal
■to be busy and full of activity, excitement, sounds or voices 忙乱；忙碌；嘈杂
• The pub was really humming last night. 昨晚酒吧里一片乱哄哄的。
[hʌm] verb (-mm-)
hum and haw UK (US hem and haw)
■to be uncertain and take a long time （长时间）犹豫不决
• We hummed and hawed for months before actually deciding to buy the house. 在真正决定买这房子之前，我们犹豫了好几个月。
[hʌm] noun countable usually singular
■a continuous low noise 持续低沉的噪音；嗡嗡声
• Our house is on a main road, so we can hear the constant hum of traffic. 我们的房子在大马路边，所以会听见持续不断的交通噪音。
• There's an annoying hum on this computer. 这台电脑总是发出一种让人心烦的嗡嗡声。
hum, sing
这组词都有“唱”的意思，其区别是：
hum: 指闭着双唇而不唱出字来，低语般的哼唱。
sing: 普通用词，泛指一般的歌唱或发出悦耳的声音。
n. 嗡嗡声；哼声；杂声
 - groaning, zoom
int. 哼；嗯
 - uh-uh, um

Word: schoolteacher
Front: schoolteacher
[ˈsku:lti:tʃə(r)] (10624/14401 -1)
Back: n. （中、小学的）教师
分布：名词(100%)
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■someone who teaches children in a school （中小学）教师
n. 教师
 - teacher, professor, master

Word: pronouncement
Front: pronouncement
[prəˈnaʊnsmənt] (10628/11254 -1)
Vocabulary: pronouncement
(once / 3746 pages)
n
A pronouncement is an official announcement, like the kind politicians make. It’s formal and comes from someone in charge. The mayor of your town might make a pronouncement about the importance of not littering.
When you make a pronouncement, you're certain about what you're saying and say it with authority. A school principal's pronouncement about not running in the halls might be broadcast over the intercom so everyone can hear it. A big brother might make a pronouncement about what’s for dinner. Feel free to ignore him, but not the principal or the mayor, unless you want to get in trouble. Pronouncement comes from the Latin word pronuntiare, "to proclaim or announce."
WORD FAMILY
pronouncement: pronouncements+/ mispronounce: mispronounced, mispronounces, mispronouncing, mispronunciation/mispronunciation: mispronunciations/ pronounce: mispronounce, pronounceable, pronounced, pronouncement, pronounces, pronouncing, pronunciation /pronounceable: unpronounceable/pronounced: pronouncedly/ pronunciation: pronunciations/unpronounceable: unpronounceably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For one thing, he follows every grumpy pronouncement with a light little laugh, as if in on his own joke.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Mr. Trump’s pronouncements are often so vague and offhand that their long-term impact on policy is open to debate.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The bellicose pronouncements in Moscow suggest that Russia is becoming a superpower again, modernizing its nuclear arsenal and seeking supremacy over the United States.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 声明; 公告; 宣告; 判决
分布：声明(60%)，公告(40%)
→来自pronounce,宣布，公布。
[prə'naʊnt.smənt] formal
noun countable
■an official announcement 声明
• The treasurer has been taking a more optimistic view of economic recovery in his recent public pronouncements. 财政部长在最近的公开发言中对经济复苏持更乐观的态度。
n. 声明；宣告；公告；判决
 - statement, profession, announcement, declaration, sentence

Word: miss
Front: miss
[mɪs] (中高 833/919 -K4)
Vocabulary: miss
(once / 68 pages)
1vn 2v 3n
To miss is to fail to do or sense something, or to be without. If you miss all your free throws, your basketball team probably won't miss you if you skip a game.
The verb form of miss stems from the Old English missan “fail to hit what was aimed at,” while the noun form of miss, meaning a term of honor to a young woman is just the abbreviated form of mistress, which used to be a title of respect. You might not miss the days when every unmarried woman had to be called "Miss."
WORD FAMILY
miss: missed, misses, missing+/missed: misseder/missing: missinger, missingest, missingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A search continued Tuesday for those still missing.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Over the next two years, he was hospitalized about 50 times, and he missed much of fourth and fifth grade.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“They missed some easy shots,” Wall said, “but we stuck with the game plan.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. （用于姓名或姓之前，对未婚女子的称呼）小姐; 女士; 失误
v. 漏掉; 错过（机会）; 思念; 没遇到
时态：missed, missing, misses
分布：错过(55%)，想念(38%)，漏掉(7%)
→来自古英语missan,打偏，偏离目标，来自Proto-Germanic*missa,改变方向，偏离的，来自mei,改变，词源同mutable,mutate.引申词义错过，失去，并引申词义思念，怀念。miss 小姐，女士
n.小姐v.思念,未击中,错过,漏掉,逃脱The committee admits it committed an omission in commissioning the mission.委员会承认它在委任使团时犯的疏忽.
verb
NOT DO 没有做
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to fail to do or experience something, often something planned or expected, or to avoid doing or experiencing something 未做到；未体验；避开；幸免于
• I missed the start of the exam because my bus was late. 考试开始时我还没有赶到，因为我搭的公车来迟了。
• Often I miss (= do not eat) breakfast and have an early lunch instead. 我经常不吃早餐而早吃午餐。
• You should leave early if you want to miss the rush hour. 如果你想避开高峰时间，就该早些出发。
• [+ -ing verb] I only just missed being run over by a bus this morning. 我今早差点被一辆公车撞倒。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to arrive too late to get on a bus, train or aircraft 赶不上，错过
• You'll miss your train if you don't hurry up. 如果你不快点，会错过火车的。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to not go to something 缺（勤）；缺（课）；失（约）；未出席
• You'll fall behind in your studies if you keep missing school. 如果你继续缺课，会在学习上落后的。
• I'm trying to find an excuse for missing the office party. 我正要找个不去办公室聚会的借口。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to not see or hear something or someone 未看到；未听到
• I missed the beginning of the film. 我错过了电影的开头。
• Her latest movie is too good to miss (= It certainly should be seen). 她最近的一部电影很棒，不容错过。
• I was sorry I missed you at Pat's party - I must have arrived after you left. 很遗憾没有在派特的派对上看到你——我准是在你离开后才到的。
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to not notice someone or something 未注意到
• You don't miss much, do you? Nobody else noticed that mistake. 你真是明察秋毫，对吧？别人都没有注意到那个错误。
• My office is first on the right with a bright red door. You can't miss it (= It is very easy to find). 我的办公室是右边的第一间，有一扇鲜红色的门。你不会找不到的。
[mɪs] verb
FEEL SAD 遗憾
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to feel sad that a person or thing is not present 想念，惦念；怀念，思念
• I really missed her when she went away. 她离开的时候我非常想念她。
• She will be sadly missed by all who knew her. 所有认识她的人都会很悲伤地怀念她的。
• I still miss my old car. 我仍惦念着我的旧汽车。
• What did you miss most about England when you were living in France? 你住在法国时最想念英格兰的甚么呢？
• [+ -ing verb] I haven't missed smoking like I'd expected to. 出乎我的预料，我并没有老想着要抽烟。
[mɪs] verb
NOT HIT 没打中
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to fail to hit something or to avoid hitting something 未击中，未打中；避开
• The bullet missed his heart by a couple of centimetres. 子弹差几厘米就击中了他的心脏。
• I swerved to avoid the other car and only just missed a tree. 我为避开另一辆车急忙转向，差一点就撞到树上。
• He threw a book at me, but he/it missed. 他向我扔了一本书，但没打中。
[mɪs] verb
NOTICE 注意
transitive
■to notice that something is lost or absent 发觉遗失；发觉…不在身边
• He didn't miss his wallet until the waiter brought the bill. 侍者送帐单来时，他才发觉丢了钱包。
[mɪs] verb
miss a chance/opportunity
■to not use an opportunity to do something 错过机会
• She missed the chance of promotion when she turned down the job of assistant manager. 她没有接受助理经理一职，错过了晋升的机会。
[mɪs] verb
miss the boat
■to lose an opportunity to do something by being slow to act （因行动慢而）错过机会，错失良机
• There were tickets available last week, but he missed the boat by waiting till today to try to buy some. 上周还有些票，但他一直等到今天才想去买，错过了机会。
[mɪs] verb
miss the mark
■to fail to achieve the result that was intended 没达到目的；没成功
• Her speech missed the mark and failed to generate the public support she had been hoping for. 她的演讲没有成功，没有得到她所希望引发的公众支持。
[mɪs] verb
miss the point
■to not understand something correctly or what is important about it 未能领会；未能理解
• What you say is true, but you've missed the point of my argument. 你说得没错，但是你没有理解我的论点。
[mɪs] verb
not miss a trick
■said about someone who never fails to notice and take advantage of a good opportunity 善于把握机会
• Jonathan doesn't miss a trick! If there's a bargain to be had at the market, he'll find it. 乔纳森从不错失良机！如果市场上有便宜货，他一定会找到的。
[mɪs] verb
not miss much informal
■said when something you failed to see or experience was not important or special 没错过甚么
• "I didn't manage to see that programme." "Don't worry, you didn't miss much." “我错过了那个节目。”“别担心，你没错过什么。”
[mɪs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] miss sb/sth out UK
■to fail to include someone or something that should be included 遗漏
• You've missed out your address on the form. 你在表格上漏填了你的地址。
• Oh I'm sorry, Tina, I've missed you out. What would you like to drink? 哦，对不起，蒂娜，我把你忘了。你想喝点甚么？
[mɪs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  miss out
■to fail to use an opportunity to enjoy or get an advantage from something 错失享乐（或获利）的机会
• Don't miss out on the fantastic bargains in our summer sale. 别错过我们夏季特卖中极好的便宜货。
• We didn't have a TV at home when I was young, and I felt as though I missed out. 年轻时家中没有电视，我觉得好像错过了甚么似的。
[mɪs] noun
NOT DO 没做
give sth a miss UK informal
■to avoid or not do something 避开；对…不予理会；决定不做
• We usually go to France in the summer, but we've decided to give it a miss this year. 我们通常夏天去法国，但今年我们决定不去了。
• The restaurant's very good for fish, but I'd give their vegetarian options a miss. 这家餐厅的鱼煮得很好，但他们的素菜我就不愿意吃。
[mɪs] noun
NOT HIT 没打中
countable
■when something or someone fails to hit something or avoids hitting something 未打中，避免击中
• Well done! You scored eight hits and only two misses. 做得好！你八次击中得分，只有两次失误。
⇒ See also near miss
[mɪs] noun
GIRL 女孩 UK old-fashioned
■a girl or young woman, especially one who behaves rudely or shows no respect 小姑娘；（尤指）冒失女孩
• You're a cheeky little miss! Apologize at once. 你这个女孩真没礼貌！立刻道歉。
misplace, lose, miss
这组词都有“丢失，遗失”的意思，其区别是：
misplace: 指反映东西放错或故意放错地方。
lose: 最普通用词，侧重遗失了，难以找回来。
miss: 着重发觉某人或某物不见的瞬间，也可作思念解。
madam, lady, mrs, miss
这些名词均表示对女性的尊称。
madam: 夫人、太太，女士，小姐。与尊称男人的用词sir相对，多用于对已婚或未婚妇女的礼貌称呼，如店员对女顾客的称呼，后面不加姓名。如果已知对方的身份或姓名可在此词后面加上姓名职位。
lady: 女士，夫人，与gentleman相对，是对女性的礼貌称呼，多用于演讲或祝酒时称呼在场的女性。
mrs: 太太，夫人，是mistress的缩略形式，对已婚妇女的称呼。
miss: 小姐，是对未婚或不知婚姻状况的女性的称呼，与姓氏连用时应大写。
vt. 漏掉；错过；想念
 - lose, let slip

Word: Yugoslav
Front: Yugoslav
['ju:ɡəuslɑ:v] (10585/8305)
Back: n. 南斯拉夫人
adj. 南斯拉夫的；南斯拉夫人的
分布：南斯拉夫的(53%)，南斯拉夫人(47%)
US [-goʊ-] adjective noun countable
■Yugoslav 南斯拉夫的／南斯拉夫人
adj. 南斯拉夫的；南斯拉夫人的
 - Jugoslavian
n. 南斯拉夫人
 - Jugoslav

Word: theorize
Front: theorize
[ˈθɪəraɪz] (10652/25941 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 创建理论，建立学说; 推理; 提出关于…的理论; 使理论化
时态：theorized, theorizing, theorizes
分布：推理(46%)，建立理论(33%)，理论化(15%)，=theorise.(6%)
→theory,理论，-ize,使。
US ['θɪr.aɪz] verb intransitive
■to develop a set of ideas about something 建立理论；从理论上说明
• It's easy to theorize about what might have happened. 对于原本可能发生的事情作理论上的推测是很容易的。
vi. 建立理论或学说；推理
 - ratiocinate

Word: erratic
Front: erratic
[ɪˈrætɪk] (托雅宝 10635/9568 -1)
Vocabulary: erratic
(once / 1817 pages)
adj
The adjective erratic describes things that are unpredictable, unusual, and that deviate from the norm. An erratic quarterback might completely confuse his receivers waiting for a pass.
Like its linguistic relative, error, the adjective erratic means "deviating from the norm," or "wrong." It also implies behavior or qualities that are unpredictable or odd. The word comes from the Latin verb errare, or "to wander" off course. In the field of geology, a rock that is erratic is unlike others in its environment because it has been transported by glacial activity. Likewise, someone driving a car that veers out of its lane is said to be driving erratically.
WORD FAMILY
erratic: erratically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The victory cemented his reputation as highly dangerous if not a bit erratic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Syracuse was erratic through much of the nonconference portion of its schedule, losing five times.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Demand is erratic and its value not just tied to the quality.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 飘忽不定的; 行为古怪，反复无常; （运动或行为）不规则的
n. 古怪的人; [地]漂砾
分布：不稳定的(48%)，古怪的(39%)，飘忽不定的(13%)
→来自ers, 漫游，偏离，引申义错误，词源同error. 即漫游的，偏离的。
古怪的n.怪人(err+atic→[被人认为]错误的→古怪的)[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
反复无常的(err错误,古怪;参考:errant错误的)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
【记】err漫游－飘忽不定的
US [-'rætˌ-] adjective
■not regular, uncertain or without organization in movement or behaviour （动作、行为等）不规则的，不确定的，无计划的
• He drove in an erratic course down the road. 他开车忽左忽右地在路上蛇行。
• She can be very erratic, one day she is friendly and the next she'll hardly speak to you. 她喜怒无常，今天待你很友善，明天又懒得理你。
adj. 不稳定的；古怪的
 - unstable, odd, volatile, curious
n. 漂泊无定的人；古怪的人
 - fantastic, weirdo

Word: stronghold
Front: stronghold
[ˈstrɒŋhəʊld] (10622/11520 -1)
Vocabulary: stronghold
(once / 885 pages)
n
A stronghold is a building or other structure that is safe from attack. A fortress is a perfect example of a stronghold.
A castle or fort surrounded by stone walls and moats is one kind of stronghold; they are built to keep the people or valuables inside them safe from invading armies. You might build a stronghold of driftwood and rocks around your prized sand sculpture on the beach, or even a figurative stronghold around yourself — to guard against having your feelings hurt.
WORD FAMILY
stronghold: strongholds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Months after the primary, tensions were still running high when Taylor’s campaign manager tried to join the local GOP committee in Forbes’s stronghold of Chesapeake.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It is the last major IS urban stronghold in Iraq.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The strikes appeared to be the first Russian support for a Turkish-backed rebel offensive aimed at recapturing the last IS stronghold in Aleppo province.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 要塞; 据点; 根据地
分布：要塞(51%)，堡垒(43%)，中心地(6%)
→strong,坚固的，hold,堡垒。
US ['strɑ:ŋ.hoʊld] noun countable
■a building or position which is strongly defended 要塞，堡垒；据点
• a rebel stronghold 叛军据点
• They captured the last stronghold of the presidential guard. 他们攻占了总统护卫队的最后一个堡垒。
■a place or area where a particular belief or activity is common （特定信仰或活动的）势力强大的地方，大本营，根据地
• Rural areas have been traditionally thought of as a stronghold of old-fashioned attitudes. 乡村地区传统上一向被视为守旧思想的大本营。
n. 要塞；大本营；中心地
 - presidio, fastness

Word: expend
Front: expend
[ɪkˈspend] (研四雅宝 10629/11218 -1)
Vocabulary: expend
(once / 113 pages)
v
The verb expend means to use. If you expend all your energy raking the leaves, you may be too tired to play hockey afterwards. Better pace yourself — you'll never get all of the leaves on the ground, after all.
The verb expend means to spend or pay out. You can expend money, but you can also expend things like good will and time. As a voter, you can vote for or against the city's plan to expend money on a new library building, but the city may be expending voter willingness to support the plan if the building goes over the budget. There is no point in building a library if they can't afford to buy books!
WORD FAMILY
expend: expendable, expended, expender, expending, expenditure, expends, expensive +/ expendable: unexpendable/expended: unexpended/ expenditure: expenditures/ expensive: expensively, expensiveness, inexpensive/inexpensive: inexpensively, inexpensiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were warm-blooded, large animals who already required a lot of food and expended a lot of energy.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
Abe expended significant political capital to move the accord through the Japanese parliament over objections from protectionist domestic rice and automobile industries.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Should it find parity too costly, Moscow would likely compensate by expending another kind of currency: its willingness to accept nuclear risk.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 花费; 耗尽; 用光
时态：expended, expending, expends
分布：花费(55%)，消耗(45%)
→ex-, 向外。-pend, 花销，词源同pound,spend.
花费(ex出+pend→花钱出去)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
v.消费,花费We expended much time on the experiment.我们在该项实验上花费了不少时间.
【记】ex出，pend掂量，挂－掂量出重量再花费
【参】suspend（v 悬挂；暂停）；expendable（adj 可牺牲的；可花费的）
【反】store up（储存）
[ɪk'spend] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to use or spend especially time, effort or money 花费，消费，耗费（尤指时间、精力或钱）
• You expend so much effort for so little return. 你费了那么大功夫，回报却这么微不足道。
• Governments expend a lot of resources on war. 各国政府在战争上消耗了大量资源。
take, expend, cost, spend
这组词都有“花费”的意思，其区别是：
take: 普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情。
expend: 较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。
cost: 指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。
spend: 普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。
vt. 花费；消耗；用光；耗尽
 - invested, cost, spend, waste, consume

Word: resilient
Front: resilient
[rɪˈzɪliənt] (宝 10634/13884 -1)
Vocabulary: resilient
(once / 3399 pages)
adj
When something is strong and able to recover from damage quickly, call it resilient. If you're rough on your toys, the ones that don't break are resilient.
Formed from the Latin verb resilīre "to leap back," a resilient person is able to recover from an illness or a bad experience quickly. Politicians who are resilient to media criticism do not let critical journalists affect their focus, performance or relationship to their constituents. An object can be resilient also, but in this case, it is not damaged easily, or it returns to its original good shape quickly.
WORD FAMILY
resilient: nonresilient, resilience, resiliency, resiliently+/ resilience: resiliences
USAGE EXAMPLES
"And it became resilient to the fungal disease," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
She was less optimistic about how resilient the rest of British society would be to an outbreak.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“I am confident that democracy will prove resilient in the U.S.,”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 能复原的; 弹回的，有弹性的; 能立刻恢复精神的; 社会渣滓
分布：有弹力的(75%)，适应力强的(25%)
→re-,向后，往回，-sil,弹，跳，词源同 salient,result.引申词义有弹力的，有适应力的。
有弹性的(re重新+ail[+sal]+ient→能重新跳起来→有弹性的)[sal=leap,表示"跳"]
adjective
■able to quickly return to a previous good condition 有弹性的；能复原的；有复原力的；适应性强的
• This rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape. 这种橡胶球很有弹性，可以立即恢复原来的形状。
• She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long. 她是个适应力很强的女孩儿——她不会长时间沉浸于悲伤之中的。
adj. [物] 弹回的，有弹力的
 - springy, rubbery

Word: special
Front: special
[ˈspeʃl] (中高研四六雅 520/438 -K5)
Vocabulary: special
(once / 42 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3n 4n
Special means "better than ordinary." Like the self-portrait you lovingly painted as a surprise for your sweetie's birthday, something special is distinct, and surpasses the norm.
Something special is looked upon with affection, surpasses expectations, or has a particular role. It can also be a featured attraction or limited-run occurrence — like when there's a special on television or a special on cheese at the store. Ray Charles said, “Love is a special word, and I use it only when I mean it. You say the word too much and it becomes cheap.” Take this sweet crooner’s advice and don’t wear out special sentiments.
WORD FAMILY
special: specialise, specialism, speciality, specialize, specially, specialness, specials+/overspecialize: overspecialized/specialisation: specialisations/specialise: overspecialise, specialisation, specialised, specialiser, specialises, specialising/specialised: unspecialised/specialism: specialisms, specialist / specialist: specialistic, specialists/speciality: specialities/ specialization: specializations/ specialize: overspecialize, specialization, specialized, specializer, specializes, specializing/ specialized: unspecialized/specializer: specializers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Osama bin Laden, the world’s most wanted man, is killed by US special forces in a nighttime raid of his secret compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
But Dayton vetoed the package due to a costly wording error, and plans to revive it in special session never materialized.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Special Operations forces are in the Baltics to deter any Russian efforts to destabilize the former Soviet republics.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 特殊的; 专门的; 专用的; 重要的
n. 专车; 特价; 特刊; 特约稿
分布：特殊的(49%)，特别的(32%)，专门的(9%)，特价(3%)，特色菜(3%)，特别的东西(2%)，特刊(2%)
特别的;专门的(speci种类+al→[属于]种类的→特别的)[speci=look,kind,表示"外观,种类"]
a.特殊的,专门的;附加的,额外的The specialist specifically specified a special pacific means especially.专家特地明确指定了一种和解的特殊方法.
adjective
NOT USUAL 不平常的
 ESSENTIAL
■not ordinary or usual 特殊的，特别的；不寻常的
• The car has a number of special safety features. 这辆汽车配备有一些特别的安全装置。
• Is there anything special that you'd like to do today? 今天你有没有甚么特别的事要做？
• Passengers should tell the airline in advance if they have any special dietary needs. 乘客如有特殊的饮食需要，须事先向航空公司说明。
• I don't expect special treatment - I just want to be treated fairly. 我并不指望得到特殊待遇——我只希望能受到公平对待。
• Full details of the election results will be published in a special edition of tomorrow's newspaper. 选举结果的详细情况明天将刊登在报纸的特别版上。
• I have a suit for special occasions. 我有一套专门在特殊场合穿的套装。
• There's a 50p-off special offer on cornflakes/ UK alsoCornflakes are on special offer (= They are being sold at a reduced price) this week. 脆玉米片本周降价50便士／特价。
 ESSENTIAL
■particularly great or important, or having an extra quality 格外好的；特别重要的；额外的
• Could I ask you a special favour? 你能另外帮我一个忙吗？
• I'm cooking something special for her birthday. 我要为她的生日准备一些别出心裁的菜。
['speʃ.əl] adjective
PARTICULAR 专门的
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■having a particular purpose 专门的，有特定用途的
• Firefighters use special breathing equipment in smoky buildings. 消防员在烟雾弥漫的建筑物中使用专门的呼吸装置。
• Some of the children have special educational needs. 其中一些孩子有特殊的教育需求。
• You need special tyres on your car for snow. 雪地行车需要专门的轮胎。
• She works as a special adviser to the President. 她是总统的特别顾问。
['speʃ.əl] noun countable
■a television programme made for a particular reason or occasion and which is not part of a series （电视）特别节目
• a three-hour election night special 三个小时的选举之夜特别节目
■a meal that is available in a restaurant on a particular day which is not usually available （餐馆通常只在特定日子供应的）特制菜肴
• Today's specials are written on the board. 今天的特餐写在布告板上。
■mainly US
■a product that is being sold at a reduced price for a short period 特价商品，折扣商品
• Today's specials include T-shirts for only 2.99. 今天的特价商品包括仅售2.99美元的T恤。
typical, unique, rare, common, particular, special
typical: 典型的
unique: 唯一的
rare: 罕见的，珍贵的
common: 共同的
particular: 特定的，特殊的
special: 特殊的，特别的
especial, peculiar, distinctive, unique, particular, special
especial: 特别的，含有优越或偏好的意义，多用于书面语。
peculiar: 独特的，独有的，强调某一个体或某一集团所独有的、与众不同的，常与介词about, in, to等搭配。
distinctive: 特别的，有特色的
unique: 独特的，强调独一无二的
particular: 特殊的，过于讲究的，强调同类中某一个体所具有的独特性质，常与介词about, as to, over, to搭配。
special: 特设的，专门的，着重指某事物具有自己特有的性质、性格或个性，与同类明显相异的，常与介词about, to搭配。
peculiar, especial, specific, particular, special, exceptional, extraordinary
这组词都有“特殊的，特别的”的意思，其区别是：
peculiar: 强调指与众不同或独特的意思。
especial: 和special含义很接近，较正式，但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。
specific: 着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性，也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。
particular: 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。
special: 普通用词，指不同于一般、与众不同，着重事物的专门性，突出与一般不同。
exceptional: 指不同于一般，本身是特别的或异常的事物。
extraordinary: 语气比exceptional强，指极大地超过一般或正常情况。
n. 特使，特派人员；特刊；特色菜；专车；特价商品
 - bargain
adj. 特别的；专门的，专用的
 - particular, extraordinary, technical, dedicated, express

Word: Mormon
Front: Mormon
['mɔː(r)mən] (10657/35157 -1)
Back: n. 摩门教徒；一夫多妻主义者
adj. 摩门教的；摩门教徒的
分布：摩门教的(100%)
→来自19世纪该教创始人Joseph Smith杜撰的新词，来自英语more,更加，埃及词mon,神。并称其为摩门教的先知。
US ['mɔ:r-] noun countable
■a member of a religious group called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which began in the US in 1830 摩门教徒

Word: dispel
Front: dispel
[dɪˈspel] (雅宝 10643/8525 -1)
Vocabulary: dispel
(once / 1012 pages)
v
To dispel is to get rid of something that's bothering or threatening you, regardless of whether that's warts, worries, or wild dogs.
The nifty thing about dispel is that you can use it when talking about emotional problems (such as worries and fears) as well as physical ones (such as wild dogs). Note, however, that when dispel is used in reference to physical foes, it often has the added meaning of scattering your opponents in all directions. So, while you can dispel a pack of wild dogs, you should just chase off or drive away a lone wolf. Good luck with that, by the way.
WORD FAMILY
dispel: dispelled, dispelling, dispels
USAGE EXAMPLES
That's been dispelled a million times, and they still lean on that.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet she did much to dispel the stigma around mental illness, even cheekily proposing a Bipolar Pride Day.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
If President-elect Trump wants to dispel the miasma hanging about, he needs, more than anything, a strategic plan.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 消除（疑虑等）; 驱散（云雾等）; 驱逐
时态：dispelled, dispelling, dispels
分布：消除(66%)，驱散(34%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-pel, 驱动，驱赶，词源同expel, impel.
驱除,消除(dis+pel推→推开→驱除)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
驱散(烟雾等)(dis分开+pel→推开→驱散)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】dis向四面八方，pel推－驱散
【参】propel（vt 推进；驱使）；expel（v 驱逐；开除）
[dɪ'spel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
■to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary 消除（恐惧）；扫除（疑虑）；打消（错误念头）
• I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently. 我想在演讲的开头先澄清一些近期流传的谣言。
vt. 驱散，驱逐；消除（烦恼等）
 - eliminate, avoid

Word: hilarious
Front: hilarious
[hɪˈleəriəs] (托雅宝 10641/11853 -1)
Vocabulary: hilarious
(once / 2276 pages)
adj
One person can find a joke a little funny, while someone else might find it downright hilarious. When something is super-funny, it's hilarious.
Hilarious is an adjective that describes a high degree of humor. Things that are funny can cause you to smile or giggle, but when something is hilarious, it causes you to laugh out loud. Of course, what's hilarious to me might not be to you. When I scribbled obscenities on your face while you were asleep? I found that totally hilarious. You? Not so much. Hilarious is also used sarcastically, when something isn't funny at all. Like when you woke up: you glared at me and said "Hilarious."
WORD FAMILY
hilarious: hilariously+/ hilarity: hilarious, hilarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
And a few of them performed some of the more hilarious contortions seen on the campaign trail to deflect attention from the damaging revelations.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The Times’ Meredith Woerner called the book “an unflinching, sometimes painful, sometimes hilarious look inside the mind of a 19-year-old actress.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Richard Pryor cemented his reputation as the greatest stand-up of his generation by spinning his story of setting himself on fire into a hilarious yarn.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 欢闹的; 非常滑稽的; 令人捧腹的; 喜不自禁的
分布：欢闹的(75%)，愉快的(25%)
→来自hilarity,欢闹，狂欢。
高兴的;热闹的(hilar+ious表形容词)[hilar=glad,表示"高兴"]
【记】hilar高兴，ious－高兴的hil＝hill出去山上玩－高兴的exhilarate（vt 使高兴；使愉快）ex出，hil＝hill山：出去山上玩
US [-'ler.i-] adjective
■extremely funny and causing a lot of laughter 非常滑稽的，引人发笑的
• He didn't like the film at all - I thought it was hilarious. 他根本就不喜欢这部电影——但我觉得它好笑极了。
adj. 欢闹的；非常滑稽的；喜不自禁的
 - frisky, riproarious

Word: eggplant
Front: eggplant
[ˈegplɑ:nt] (高 10618/-)

Word: mother-in-law
Front: mother-in-law
['mʌðər ɪn lɔ:] (-1)
Back: n. 岳母; 婆母
分布：婆母(50%)，岳母(50%)
→形象说法。
US [-ɚ.ɪnˌlɑ:] noun countable (plural mothers-in-law)
■the mother of your husband or wife 岳母；婆母

Word: redesign
Front: redesign
[ˌri:dɪˈzaɪn] (10636/14180 -1)
Vocabulary: redesign
(once / 6144 pages)
v
To change the way something looks or functions is to redesign it. If you use a wheelchair, you might need to redesign your new apartment to make it easier to get around.
An architect might redesign a school building so it meets the current codes for being accessible — adding elevators, ramps, and new bathrooms, for example. Or you might redesign your dorm room, simply by moving the furniture around and attaching a disco ball to the ceiling. Clothing designers, in turn, sometimes redesign old favorites, like when they redesign jeans so they have a higher waist or a slimmer fit.
WORD FAMILY
redesign: redesigned, redesigning, redesigns+/ design: designed, designer, designing, designs, redesign /designed: designedly, undesigned/ designer: designers/ designing: designingly, designings/undesigned: undesignedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether you’re looking for a single statement piece or to redesign your home, 14th Street NW is a haven for furniture seekers.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A quick redesign incorporated the Nebraska sower with his hands properly placed.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Caruso, in an interview last week, said he worked extensively to meet the neighborhood’s needs, redesigning the project and offering additional concessions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 重新设计
n. 重新设计; 新设计
时态：redesigned, redesigning, redesigns
分布：重新设计(100%)
VERB
重新设计
If a building, vehicle, or system is redesigned, it is rebuilt according to a new design in order to improve it.
例：The hotel has recently been redesigned and redecorated...这家酒店最近重新设计和装修过。
例：The second step is to redesign the school system so that it produces a well-educated population.第二步是重新设计学校体制以造就高素质的人口。
vt. 重新设计
 - refashion
n. 重新设计；新设计
 - new design

Word: airy
Front: airy
[ˈeəri] (10632/11855 -1)
Vocabulary: airy
(once / 707 pages)
1adj 2adj
An airy place is full of fresh air. Other airy things are either light like air or without substance like air.
Air surrounds us, and it has a lot of meanings. If a place is described as airy, that means it's full of fresh air. An open stadium is airy, while a stuffy apartment is not. If a house has lots of open windows, it's airy. Also, an argument that has no substance can be called airy, because there's nothing to it. Light things are airy too: a flimsy, light dress or a low-fat dessert could both be called airy.
WORD FAMILY
airy: airier, airiest, airily, airiness+/ air: aired, airing, airless, airlike, airs, airy, midair/aired: unaired/airing: airings/airless: airlessly/ airs: airss/midair: midairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The airy space is outfitted with comfortable velvet sofas and a large crystal chandelier.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Delicate and airy, Mr. Snelson’s creations assumed a bewildering variety of guises.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The car also leaks when it rains and it’s airy in the winter months, but the heater works well enough to compensate.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 空气的; 空中的; 轻快的; 通风的
级别：airier, airiest
分布：通风的(52%)，轻快的(30%)，幻想的(12%)，航空的(6%)
【记】象空气一样－虚幻的象飘在空中一样－快乐的
US ['er.i] adjective
LIGHT 明亮的 approving
■with a lot of light and space 宽敞明亮的
• The new offices are light and airy. 新办公室既明亮又宽敞。
UK ['eə.ri] US ['er.i] adjective
DELICATE 精巧的
■delicate, as if full of air 精巧的，轻盈的
• a light, airy fabric 轻盈精美的布料
UK ['eə.ri] US ['er.i] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃的
■showing no worry or serious thought 无忧无虑的；无所谓的；漫不经心的；轻率的
• "I don't care - you choose," he said, with an airy wave of the hand. “我无所谓——你挑吧。”他满不在乎地挥了挥手说道。
adj. 空气的；通风的；幻想的；轻快的；空中的
 - aerial, ventilative

Word: revere
Front: revere
[rɪˈvɪə(r)] (托宝 10655/33943 -1)
Vocabulary: revere
(once / 167 pages)
1v 2n
Revere means that to respect someone so deeply that you almost worship them. Despite the size of the American military, the American people revere peacemakers like Martin Luther King, Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi. Rock stars are revered by throngs of devoted fans.
Revere is related to the words reverence ("to hold something in worshipful awe") and its opposite — irreverent. Reverence for the irreverent is actually possible. Howard Stern humor is often vulgar and absurdly irreverent yet his legions of fans and even some media analysts revere him and his ability to maintain a loyal audience. Revere is the perfect word when respect is not strong enough but worship seems a little too religious-sounding.
WORD FAMILY
revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering+/ irreverence: irreverences/ irreverent: irreverence, irreverently/ reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential / reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a revered coach on a reservation where hoops are a cousin to religion.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Both offer snapshots in time for two revered musicians, and both toy with facts to upend biopic conventions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
We discussed at length the British and Italian choral traditions – he is very knowledgeable about the English choral tradition and reveres it greatly.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 崇敬; 尊崇; 敬畏
时态：revered, revering, reveres
分布：尊敬(44%)，崇敬(29%)，敬畏(27%)
→来自拉丁语 revereri,敬畏，恐惧，尊敬，来自 re-,表强调，vereri,恐惧，尊敬，来自 were, 感知，注视，词源同 ware,aware.
尊敬[rever=awe(敬畏)]
【记】源于：Revere里维尔，保罗（1735-1818），他是美国革命英雄。在1775年4月18日，他做了一次骑马旅行以警告英军在马萨诸塞州的推进，该行动被朗非罗称颂于一首诗中，用他的名字来表示尊敬。
【反】jape at（嘲笑）；jeer（v 嘲弄）；jibe（v 嘲笑）；taunt（v 嘲弄）；profane（v 亵渎）；disparage（v 蔑视；贬损）；despise（v 轻视）
US [-'vɪr] formal
verb transitive
■to very much respect and admire someone or something 尊敬；崇敬
• Nelson Mandela is revered for his brave fight against apartheid. 纳尔逊．曼德拉与种族隔离制度进行了无畏斗争，赢得了世人的崇敬。
vt. 敬畏；尊敬；崇敬
 - honor, fear, regard, worship

Word: small-town
Front: small-town
[ˈsmɔ:lˈtaun] None
Back: adj. 偏狭的，小都市的，土里土气的; 小城镇
分布：小都市的(44%)，偏狭的(28%)，土里土气的(28%)
US ['smɑ:l-] adjective [before noun]
■describes small social groups where ordinary people live 乡镇居民的，乡镇生活的
• The film explores the life of small-town America in the 1930s. 电影深入呈现了20世纪30年代美国小镇普通百姓的生活。
adj. 偏狭的；小都市的；土里土气的
 - provincial, intolerant

Word: wiggle
Front: wiggle
[ˈwɪgl] (宝 10667/20691 -1)
Vocabulary: wiggle
(once / 4026 pages)
vn
To wiggle is to move something back and forth. When you dance, you probably wiggle your hips. If you wiggle them too much, your mother might wiggle a finger at you and say "Settle down!"
Young children wiggle loose teeth until they fall out. Sometimes, if your mom is trying to hold your little brother still, he'll wiggle out of her grasp and run off. Have you ever come across a rule that you don't want to follow? If so, you've probably tried to find some wiggle room, or little ways you could get out of doing what you don't want to do.
WORD FAMILY
wiggle: wiggled, wiggler, wiggles, wiggling, wiggly+/wiggler: wigglers/wiggly: wiggliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is more wiggle room with species categorized under Appendix II and Appendix III, as long as the traveler obtains the proper permit or certificate.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Prince Frederick and Gabor laughed over the wiggling, mechanical Pony Pals.
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Even McCain is leaving himself some wiggle room to capitulate.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 摆动; 扭动
n. 扭动
时态：wiggled, wiggling, wiggles
分布：扭动(45%)，摆动(43%)，蠕动(9%)，奶油青豆烧鱼(3%)
→来自wegh,移动，运送，词源同way,wag。引申词义摆动，扭动以前进。比较wedge.
【记】读：喂狗，狗的尾巴就会wiggle。
verb intransitive or transitive informal
■to (cause to) move up and down and/or from side to side with small quick movements （使）扭动；（使）摆动
• He tried wiggling the control stick but nothing happened. 他试着扭动控制杆，可一点用也没有。
• She wiggled her toes in the water. 她在水中扭动着脚趾。
• Her hips wiggle as she walks. 她走路时屁股来回扭。
['wɪg.l] noun countable
■a small, quick movement up and down and/or from side to side 扭动；摆动
• With a wiggle of her hips, she pulled up the trousers. 她屁股一扭，就把裤子提了起来。
vt. 摆动
 - to oscillate, to swing
n. 扭动
 - wriggle

Word: taunt
Front: taunt
[tɔ:nt] (托 10645/12288 -1)
Vocabulary: taunt
(once / 882 pages)
vn
A short list of people not to taunt: your big brother, cops, nightclub bouncers, dragons. Taunts are insulting comments, and, unless you are a really, really fast runner, keep them to yourself.
Taunting is often associated with large groups picking on an individual. A mob might call out a hated king from his castle with taunts and jeers. Taunting the weak is a high-school phenomenon that teachers, administrators, parents, and students are working together to stop.
WORD FAMILY
taunt: taunted, taunting, taunts+/taunting: tauntingly, tauntings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bullying remained, but the joy faded, and the comedy was often reduced to nasty zingers and schoolyard-quality taunts.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
You can’t promise to be the president for all Americans and then taunt the 54 percent of Americans who didn’t vote for you.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
N.F.L. bans all touchdowns through the air or on punt returns because they are considered a form of taunting.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 嘲笑，奚落; 用嘲笑刺激
n. 嘲弄，奚落; 讥讽; 嘲弄的对象，笑柄
adj. [航]（桅杆）很高的
时态：taunted, taunting, taunts
分布：嘲弄(63%)，辱骂(37%)
→来自法语 tant pour tant,以眼还眼，以牙还牙，原倍奉还，来自 tant,等同，同样，词源同 tantamount,pour,为了，词源同 for.引申词义嘲笑，奚落。
【记】t踢，aunt姑奶奶：用嘲弄的方式踢姑奶奶
【参】daunt（v 恐吓）打姑奶奶；gaunt（adj 憔悴的）割姑奶奶
US [tɑ:nt] verb transitive
■to intentionally annoy and upset someone by making unkind remarks to them, laughing at them, etc. 嘲笑；讥讽；嘲弄
• The other children used to taunt him in the playground because he was fat and wore glasses. 其他孩子以前经常在操场上嘲笑他，因为他长得胖，还戴眼镜。
n. 嘲弄；讥讽
 - mockery, derisiveness
vt. 奚落；逗弄
 - tantalise

Word: syringe
Front: syringe
[sɪˈrɪndʒ] (宝 10644/11946 -1)
Vocabulary: syringe
(once / 6137 pages)
nv
A syringe is used, usually by a doctor or nurse, to inject or withdraw a fluid from your body.
A syringe is a medical tool used for several purposes, but they all involve liquids going in or out of your body. A flu shot is given with a syringe: that's a liquid going in. A blood sample is taken with a syringe: that's liquid coming out. Part of a syringe is a needle, so patients usually don't like them. Syringes should only be used by medical professionals.
WORD FAMILY
syringe: syringed, syringing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Food and Drug Administration for its own epinephrine pre-filled syringe for treating allergic reactions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
He crumpled to the ground, a syringe in his hand.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
At the time, syringe exchanges were illegal in the state, and Pence was against them.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 注射器，注射筒; 灌肠器; 注油筒; 洗涤器
vt. 注射; （用注水器）灌溉，浇，洗涤
时态：syringed, syringing, syringes
分布：注射器(100%)
→来自希腊语 syringa,管子，芦苇，排箫，来自 syrizein,吹管，耳语，发沙沙声，来自 swer, 沙沙声，嗡嗡声，词源同 swarm,susurrate.后用于指吸管或注射器。
【记】sy＝see，ring圆，e：看上去是圆的东西－注射器sy＝see，ringe＝range范围：看上去有范围刻度的东西－注射器
noun countable
■a hollow cylindrical piece of equipment which is used for sucking liquid out of, or pushing liquid into something, especially one with a needle which can be put under the skin and used to inject drugs, remove small amounts of blood, etc. 注射器，注射筒
[sɪ'rɪndʒ] verb transitive
■to clean the inside of the ears by pushing water into them and then sucking it out of them using a syringe （用注射器）冲洗（耳朵）
vt. 注射， [医] 冲洗
 - to inject
n. 注射器； [医] 洗涤器
 - injector, washer

Word: renounce
Front: renounce
[rɪˈnaʊns] (托宝 10656/9856 -1)
Vocabulary: renounce
(once / 455 pages)
v
To renounce is to officially give up or turn away from. People on a diet usually renounce pizza and chocolate cake, for example.
The transitive verb renounce is a stronger, more formal way of saying that you reject or disown something. A prince who's tired of the royal life could renounce his title and become a commoner, or a senator who wanted to become an independent would have to renounce his political party ties. You'd be wise to heed the wisdom of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who said: “To renounce liberty is to renounce being a man, to surrender the rights of humanity and even its duties.”
WORD FAMILY
renounce: renounced, renouncement, renounces, renouncing, renunciant, renunciation +/renouncement: renouncements/ renunciation: renunciations, self-renunciation
USAGE EXAMPLES
If we renounce our faith in these things, where do we put it instead?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Did I understand what it meant to renounce my mother tongue?
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Did they want me to also renounce all earthly possessions and swaddle myself in rough linens?
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 放弃，抛弃; 拒绝，否认; 宣布与…决裂，断绝关系; 垫牌
vi. 放弃; 垫牌
n. 牌戏中的垫牌
时态：renounced, renouncing, renounces
分布：声明放弃(84%)，与...断绝关系(16%)
→re-,向后，往回，-nounc,说话，通知，词源同 announce,denounce.即收回已经说过的话，引申 词义声明放弃，摒弃。
否认;抛弃(re反+nounce→反过来说→否认)[nounce,nunci=speak,表示"讲话,说出"]
【记】re反，nounce讲话－反过来宣布－放弃
【参】denounce（v 公开指责）；enounce（v 宣言，发音，表达）
【反】claim（v 要求；声称拥有）；embrace（v 拥抱；信奉）
[rɪ'naʊnts] formal
verb transitive
■to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in or have a connection with something 声明放弃；宣布放弃；弃绝
• Her ex-husband renounced his claim to the family house. 她的前夫宣布放弃对家里房子的所有权要求。
• Gandhi renounced the use of violence. 甘地声明放弃使用暴力。
vt. 宣布放弃；与…断绝关系；垫牌
 - break up with, finish with

Word: frown
Front: frown
[fraʊn] (研四六托雅 4784/3759 -2)
Vocabulary: frown
(once / 250 pages)
nv
If you frown at someone, you look at them with disapproval, and if you frown on something they do, you don't approve of that either. Because you frown on smoking, you probably frown at smokers too!
The distant ancestors of frown, the ones that came long before Old French, meant "nose." Think about the expression, to look down one's nose at someone or something, which means "to disapprove of." If you have a frown on your face, you definitely don't like what you see! Sometimes when you're thinking hard about something, you might frown, but that is probably more of an expression of concentration than disapproval.
WORD FAMILY
frown: frowned, frowning, frowns+/frowning: frowningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the grownup world is usually frowning at the whole idea of being in something as disreputable as a pop group.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
There were too many frowns for the coach along the way.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Such overindulgence is frowned upon in this era of increased focus on nutrition.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 皱眉; 不同意; 蹙额
n. 皱眉，蹙额
时态：frowned, frowning, frowns
分布：皱眉(70%)，皱眉头(15%)，不悦(9%)，不同意(6%)
→来自古法语frognier, 皱眉，哼鼻子。可能来自拟声词，模仿哼鼻子的声音，表达不满。引申词义皱眉。
v.皱眉At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to bring your eyebrows together so that there are lines on your face above your eyes to show that you are annoyed or worried 皱眉；蹙额
• She frowned at me, clearly annoyed. 她皱着眉头看着我，显然是生气了。
• He frowned as he read the instructions, as if puzzled. 他看说明书时皱着眉头，一副迷惑不解的样子。
[fraʊn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] frown on/upon sth
■to disapprove of something 不赞成；不许
• Smoking is frowned upon in many restaurants. 很多餐馆里都禁止吸烟。
vi. 皱眉；不同意
 - disagree with, to disapprove of
n. 皱眉，蹙额
 - mowe

Word: handshake
Front: handshake
[ˈhændʃeɪk] (10651/14071 -1)
Vocabulary: handshake
(once / 5162 pages)
n
A handshake is the act of greeting someone by clasping their hand in yours and giving a brief, firm, up-and-down shake. It's fairly formal to greet another person with a handshake.
It's appropriate to use a handshake, usually with the right hand, when you're being introduced to someone or presenting yourself at a job interview, for example. You can also use a handshake to seal an agreement or deal with another person. Handshakes were used as far back as the 5th century BCE in ancient Greece, and some historians believe the handshake was initially meant as a gesture proving that neither person held a weapon.
WORD FAMILY
handshake: handshakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though instantly recognisable, he still rises from the sofa and offers a firm handshake and an unnecessary but polite, “Hi, I’m Ben.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Handshakes and backslaps to the engineers who tuned the chassis.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Hugs and handshakes will be exchanged in the December air.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 握手
分布：握手(100%)
noun countable
■a greeting, or an act showing that you have made an agreement, in which two people who are facing each other take hold of and shake each other's right hand 握手
• He welcomed me with a wide smile and a warm handshake. 他满脸笑容，热情地握着我的手迎接我。
n. 握手
 - shake-hands

Word: envelop
Front: envelop
[ɪnˈveləp] (托 10650/11751 -1)
Vocabulary: envelop
(once / 686 pages)
v
When something envelops you, it wraps around you. The Snuggie Blanket is so popular because it envelops your body, leaving only your head uncovered. Sure, it looks dorky, but it keeps you extra warm.
You probably noticed that envelop looks just like the noun envelope, minus that last letter "e", and that's an easy way to help you remember its meaning, too. Picture what an envelope does — it seals a letter completely inside, or envelops it. Envelop can also be used in a symbolic way, to describe something that consumes or occupies your mind. If the pretty girl you just met starts to envelop your thoughts, your work will suffer because you can't concentrate. Envelop comes from the late 14c. word envolupen, meaning "be involved in."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
envelop / envelope
To envelop is to surround something completely. But an envelope is a piece of paper you put your love note in and lick to seal. With enVElop, the accent is on the second syllable, while with ENvelope, the accent is on the first.
Envelop means to wrap around something completely, to surround, either literally or figuratively. Fog can envelop a city, but love might also envelop a person's mind. Here are some envelops in the wild:
Gradually this veil spread inland and quietly enveloped all things on shore. (Lillian Elizabeth Roy)
Kenya had been enveloped in violence following the contested presidential elections in December 2007. (Forbes)
An envelope is a flat piece of paper used to enclose — or envelop — documents. To push the envelope means to approach the limits of something. You might hear the envelope, please when you're waiting to find out who won an Oscar. Here are some envelopes waiting to be opened:
Related links in NPG Funding models can push the envelope, but at what cost? (Nature)
Mr. Warner drew the letter from its envelope, began casually running through it. (Inez Haynes Gillmore)
When love envelops your brain, you might forget to seal the envelope for your mushy letter. If it falls out for all to see, embarrassment might envelop you!
WORD FAMILY
envelop: enveloped, enveloping, envelopment, envelops+/ enveloping: envelopingly/envelopment: envelopments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The smell of Pine Sol and other cleaning products envelops the small room.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Jane Austen’s self-enclosed world enveloped me, soothing in its contours and assumptions.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The song invites a delicious, almost luxuriant self-pity and melancholy that envelops you like a steaming tub filled with expensive bath oils.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 包围，包住; 笼罩，遮盖
时态：enveloped, enveloping, envelops
分布：包围(55%)，包封(29%)，遮盖(16%)
→en-, 进入，使。-velop, 围，绕，词源同develop,wind.
把-包住,裹住[velop=cover(盖上)]
[ɪn'vel.əp] literary
verb transitive
■to cover or surround something completely 覆盖；包住；围绕；笼罩
• The graveyard looked ghostly, enveloped in mist. 墓地笼罩在薄雾中，显得阴森森的。
enclose, fence, encircle, surround, envelop
这组词都有“包围”的意思，其区别是：
enclose: 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。
fence: 通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来。
encircle: 侧重在某事物周围围成圈状。
surround: 普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围。
envelop: 着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。
vt. 包围；包封；遮盖
 - case, invest
n. 信封；包裹
 - package, parcel

Word: pointer
Front: pointer
[ˈpɔɪntə(r)] (10648/7872 -1)
Back: n. 建议; 线索; 教鞭; （测量仪器上的）指针
分布：指针(96%)，教鞭(2%)，暗示(1%)，主意(1%)
指针;批示者(point+et→尖的东西→指针)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
SHOW PLACE 指示地方
■something that is used for pointing at things, such as a long thin stick that you hold to direct attention to a place on a map or words on a board, or a cursor 指示棒；教鞭；指针；滑鼠箭头
UK ['pɔɪn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
INFORMATION 资料
■a helpful piece of advice or information 提示，建议
• This booklet gives some useful pointers on what to expect when you arrive. 这本小册子为你提供到达后，一些需知情况的有用提示。
■something which shows you an existing or developing situation 指示物；标志；迹象
• The performance of the car industry is a (good) pointer to the general economic health of the country. 轿车工业的表现是显示该国经济总体情况的（很好的）指标。
UK ['pɔɪn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
DOG 犬
■a hunting dog that has been trained to stand very still with its nose pointing towards the animals and birds that are being hunted （能示意狩猎目标的）指示犬
n. [仪] 指针； [计] 指示器；教鞭；暗示
 - connotation, indicator, finger, index

Word: emigrate
Front: emigrate
[ˈemɪgreɪt] (研六托雅宝 10660/9478 -2)
Vocabulary: emigrate
(once / 779 pages)
v
If you move to a different country, you emigrate. For example, if you are Canadian and you emigrate to Italy, you aren't on vacation — you are making Italy your new home. Benvenuti!
The verb emigrate comes from the Latin word emigrare, which means “move away,” or “depart from a place.” The words emigrate and immigrate both mean that a person has decided to permanently live in a foreign country, but to emigrate is to leave your country, and to immigrate is to come into a new country. To emigrate is to exit.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
emigrate / immigrate / migrate
Going somewhere? Emigrate means to leave one's country to live in another. Immigrate is to come into another country to live permanently. Migrate is to move, like bird in the winter.
The choice between emigrate,immigrate, and migrate depends on the sentence's point of view. Emigrate is to immigrate as go is to come. If the sentence is looking at the point of departure, use emigrate. The point of arrival? Immigrate. Talking about the actual process of moving? Use migrate.
Emigrate means you are exiting your current homeland:
People are always saying there's no quality of life in Russia, and everyone wants to emigrate," he said. (New York Times)
Immigrate means you are coming in to a country to live:
Citizens from 17 European Union countries were given freedom to immigrate to Switzerland in 2007. (Business Week)
Migrate means to move, like those crazy Monarch butterflies that migrate from Canada to Mexico and back. It doesn't have to be a permanent move, but migrate is more than a weekend away, and it's not just for butterflies. "Snowbirds" are people who migrate south for the winter and come back north when the snow melts, or someone might migrate to another part of the country for work or to be closer to family. Here are some examples:
Nevertheless, it has often been assumed that dinosaurs did migrate.(Scientific American)
People are prepared to travel and migrate within America. (Business Week)
If you have ants in your pants and you have to move, remember:
Emigrate is from the point of view of the departure. Think exit.
Immigrate is from the point of view of the destination. Think come in.
Migrate is all about the moving. Think move.
WORD FAMILY
emigrate: emigrated, emigrates, emigrating, emigration +/ emigration: emigrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the war, she emigrated to the United States, settling in New York.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In due course, Sharp emigrated to the US and built a career as a screenwriter.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
I was born in Ireland & my family & I emigrated to Canada.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 移居国外
时态：emigrated, emigrating, emigrates
分布：移民(65%)，移居(35%)
→e-, 向外。-migr, 迁徙，移动，词源同move, migrate.
移居(外国)(e出+migr+ate→移出)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
v.(反)immigrate;(to,from)自本国移居他They emigrated to America a year ago.他们一年前移民去了美国.
【区】immigrate（vt 使移居入境）；migrate（v 随季节移居；迁徙）
verb intransitive
■to leave a country permanently and go to live in another one 移居外国；移民
• Millions of Germans emigrated from Europe to America in the nineteenth century. 在19世纪，数百万的德国人从欧洲移民到了美国。
• Thousands of Britons emigrate every year. 每年有数以千计的英国人移居国外。
emigrate, immigrate, migrate
这组词都有“移居，迁移”的意思，其区别是：
emigrate: 指自本国移出，长期定居在外。
immigrate: 指自他国移入，长期定居。
migrate: 通常指大批人短期或定期的移居。指动物时，则指定期迁徙、回游。
vi. 移居；移居外国
 - transmigrate
vt. 移民
 - to immigrate, to migrate

Word: distrust
Front: distrust
[dɪsˈtrʌst] (10659/11594 -1)
Vocabulary: distrust
(once / 508 pages)
nv
Distrust is a feeling of doubt about some person or thing. We distrust people who aren't honest.
When you trust someone, you believe in her, so the opposite is true of distrust. Trust is from the Old Norse word traust meaning "confidence." Put a dis in front of it, and to distrust is to have no confidence in someone or something. As a noun, distrust is the feeling of doubt. In a corrupt workplace, there will be a lot of distrust. Where there's distrust, there's not much harmony.
WORD FAMILY
distrust: distrusted, distrusting, distrusts, self-distrust+/distrustful: distrustfully, distrustfulness/ entrust: entrusted, entrusting, entrusts/intrust: intrusted, intrusting, intrusts/mistrust: mistrusted, mistrustful, mistrusting, mistrusts/mistrustful: mistrustfully/ trust: antitrust, distrust, entrust, intrust, mistrust, trusted, trustee, truster, trustful, trusting, trusts, trusty/trusted: trustedly/trustee: trustees, trusteeship/trusteeship: trusteeships/truster: trusters/trustful: distrustful, trustfully, trustfulness/ trusting: trustingest, trustingly, trustingness, untrusting/trusty: trustier, trusties, trustiest, trustily, trustiness, untrusty/untrusty: untrustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nixon’s distrust of the CIA prompted him to undervalue most of the agency’s judgments, if he read them at all.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Why do we revere the intellect and ignore or distrust the body?
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
“We’ve effectively brainwashed the core of our audience to distrust anything that they disagree with,” one conservative radio host said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 不信任; 怀疑
n. 不信任，猜疑; 疑惑，不相信
时态：distrusted, distrusting, distrusts
分布：不信任(69%)，怀疑(31%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。trust, 相信，信任。
不信,猜疑(dis不+trust)[tru=true,表示"相信,真实"]
noun uncountable
■when you do not trust someone or something 不信任，不相信，怀疑
• The two groups have existed in a state of mutual distrust for centuries. 几个世纪以来这两个群体一直处于互不信任的状态之中。
• She has a (deep) distrust of journalists. 她对记者（非常）不信任。
[dɪ'strʌst] verb transitive
■to not trust someone or something 不信任，不相信，怀疑
• In spite of its election success, the government is still deeply distrusted on key issues. 政府虽然在选举中获胜，但在关键问题上仍然没有取得民众的信任。
doubt, suspect, distrust
这组词都有“怀疑”的意思，其区别是：
doubt: 普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。
suspect: 指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。
distrust: 指疑惑、猜疑，不信任。
doubt, supicion, distrust, uncertainty
这些名词均有“怀疑”之意。
doubt: 指对事物的真、假有怀疑。
supicion: 语气较强，指对某人做某事的目的、意图有怀疑，或认为某人做错事，但无确凿证据而产生怀疑。
distrust: 一般用词，泛指对某人某事不信任而感到怀疑。
uncertainty: 侧重指对某事或选择等需作决定时的迟疑不决。
vt. 不信任
 - mistrust
n. 不信任
 - nonconfidence

Word: Shiite
Front: Shiite
['ʃiːaɪt] (8022/42594)
Vocabulary: Shiite
(once / 6652 pages)
n
A Shiite is a person who belongs to one of the two main branches of Islam. A Shiite is a Muslim who follows specific religious traditions.
Shiites are the second-largest branch of Islam, after Sunnis. A Shiite believes that Mohammed's son-in-law, Ali, was his legitimate successor as political and religious leader and prophet. Though Shiites hold this basic belief in common, there are further divisions within Shia Islam, another name for the group of Shiites. You can also call a Shiite a Shia, which is its root as well — from the Arabic shi'ah, "partisans or followers."
WORD FAMILY
Shiite: Shiites+/Shi'ite: Shi'ites/Shia: Shi'ite, Shias, Shiite
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, it claimed an attack by five suicide bombers in the Shiite holy city of Najaf, killing eight people and wounding nearly two dozen.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
In an online statement, the Islamic State group claimed responsibility for the attack, saying it targeted Shiites.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The police and hospital officials said the Sunday attack near the holy Shiite city of Najaf also wounded 22.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 什叶派教徒
adj. 什叶派的
分布：什叶派教徒(100%)
→来自 Shia,穆斯林什叶派，-ite,人，成员。
(also Shi'ite) ['ʃi:.aɪt] noun countable
■a Shia

Word: arch
Front: arch
[ɑ:tʃ] (高研六托雅宝 6326/4771 -2)
Vocabulary: arch
(once / 163 pages)
1nv 2adj
An arch is a shape that resembles an upside down "U." You may find this shape in a carefully tweezed eyebrow or in the famous golden pair that make you hunger for a Big Mac.
In architecture, an arch is an opening that is often found supporting the weight of a something above it — like a bridge or a wall. In downtown St. Louis, you can visit the Gateway Arch — a freestanding catenary arch that is 630 feet tall and 630 feet wide. As a verb, arch means to make an arch-like shape. "She stretched her back by arching it into a backbend." As an adjective, arch can describe something mischievous or sly: "He teased his friend with an arch comment about his shyness around girls."
WORD FAMILY
arch: arched, archer, arches, archest, arching, archly, archness, overarch+/ archer: archers, archery / archery: archeries/ archness: archnesses/overarch: overarched, overarches, overarching
USAGE EXAMPLES
The headline-grabbing arch conservative from Spartanburg County faced a trio of opponents in his primary battle to win a third term in the Senate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So he and Houmam Saad, his Syrian colleague, spent four days flying a drone with a robot camera over the crumbled arches and temples.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Over the course of one-and-a-half-hours, the Moon's shadow will trace an arching path from Oregon in the west diagonally downwards towards South Carolina.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 弓形; 拱门; 拱形物; 足弓，齿弓
vt. （使）弯成拱形; 用拱连接; 向后弯
vi. 拱起; 成为弓形
adj. 主要的; 首要的; 调皮的; 淘气的
时态：arched, arching, arches
分布：拱(84%)，拱门(9%)，主要的(2%)，拱起(2%)，调皮的(1%)，成拱形(1%)，拱状物(1%)
→同arc, 弧。
拱形[arc(h)=bow,表示"弓"]
n.拱门,桥拱洞v.拱起,(使)变成弓形The detective detected that the arch was under the marching Arctic architects' protection.侦察察觉拱门受到行进的北极建筑师们的保护.
US [ɑ:rtʃ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a structure consisting of a curved top on two supports, which holds the weight of something above it 拱；拱形结构；拱门（或窗、顶、洞等）
• In many churches the side aisles are separated from the central aisle by a row of arches. 很多教堂中，侧廊与主廊之间都有一排拱门相隔。
• Passing through the arch, you enter an open courtyard. 穿过拱门，你就到了天井中。
⇒ See also archway
 ADVANCED
■something that has the shape of this structure, often used for decoration （常用作装饰的）拱形，拱形物
■the raised curve on the bottom of your foot 足弓，足背
• She's got very high arches. 她足弓很高。
UK [ɑ:tʃ] US [ɑ:rtʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make the shape of an arch （使）拱起；（使）成拱形
• Trees arch over the river. 两岸的树木在河面上交织成拱形。
• Her eyebrows arched in contempt. 她蔑视地挑起双眉。
• She watched the cat arch its back. 她看着猫弓起背。
UK [ɑ:tʃ] US [ɑ:rtʃ] adjective
■describes behaviour that is not serious and suggests you are behaving this way intentionally for the effect that it will have 淘气的；调皮的
• an arch tone of voice 调皮的口吻
n. 弓形，拱形；拱门
 - lune
adj. 主要的
 - primary, major, central, main, leading
vi. 拱起；成为弓形
 - hog

Word: squeeze
Front: squeeze
[skwi:z] (高研四六托雅宝 2891/3390 -K3)
Vocabulary: squeeze
(once / 408 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n 4n
When you squeeze something, you put pressure on it. If you squeeze your toothpaste from the bottom up, you'll get the most out of your tube.
The word squeeze has to do with force or pressure. When you squeeze something, like an orange, you are crushing it to extract juice. When you squeeze into a pair of jeans, you're forcing yourself into them. When you give someone a squeeze, you're giving them a tight hug. And when you're in a squeeze, you're in a tight spot, or a bind.
WORD FAMILY
squeeze: squeezable, squeezed, squeezer, squeezes, squeezing+/squeezable: squeezability/squeezer: squeezers/squeezing: squeezings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The salon, near an Albertsons and squeezed between Bauhaus Hair Studio and Dollar $mart on North Tustin Street, is under new ownership again.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And across the Bronx, investigative resources are squeezed.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
For the Turks, this probably means Russian acquiescence in squeezing Syria’s Kurds in a post-civil war agreement.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 挤，榨，捏; 压迫，压榨
vt. 榨取，汲取; 轻轻地捏; 向…勒索（或榨取）
vi. 在强压下屈服; 施加压力; 挤过去
n. 挤压，压榨; 抱紧，拥挤; 拥挤的人群; <口>压力
时态：squeezed, squeezing, squeezes
分布：挤压(69%)，压榨(14%)，拥挤(8%)，少量(4%)，塞进(3%)，财政困难(1%)，严控(1%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。引申诸相关词义。
v.压榨,挤n.榨取,勒索In the freezing breeze, the breeder greedily squeezed oil from the seeds.在冰冷的微风中,饲养员贪婪地从种子中榨油.
verb
PRESS TOGETHER 压紧
 IMPROVER transitive
■to press something firmly, especially from all sides in order to change its shape, reduce its size or remove liquid from it （尤指从各方面）挤压，捏，挤，榨
• Cut the lemon in half and squeeze the juice into the bowl. 把柠檬对切，将汁挤到碗里。
• As she waited to go into the exam, he squeezed her hand (= pressed it affectionately with his hand) and wished her good luck. 在她等待应考时，他捏了捏她的手，祝她好运。
• Once he had finished cleaning the floor, he squeezed the cloth out. 他擦完地板之后，把抹布拧干。
• He reloaded the gun, took aim and then squeezed (= pulled back) the trigger. 他重新上好子弹，瞄准目标，然后扣下扳机。
• figurative The studio is using all sorts of marketing tricks to squeeze as much profit from the movie as they can. 该制片厂使出种种行销手法，尽可能从电影中榨取最多利润。
transitive
■If you are squeezed by financial demands, they cause you financial problems 给…带来财务困难，使陷入财务困境
• Small businesses are being squeezed by heavy taxation. 重税使小企业在财务上捉襟见肘。
[skwi:z] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to get in, through, under, etc. with difficulty （困难地）挤进，挤过
• She squeezed through the crowd and found a seat at the front. 她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。
• They managed to squeeze under the fence and get into the festival without paying. 他们没付钱，而是从围栏下硬挤过去，进入了庆祝会场。
[skwi:z] verb
squeeze sb dry
■If you squeeze someone dry, you get as much from them as possible 把（某人的钱财）榨干
• When they got divorced, his wife squeezed him dry and took everything. 他们离婚后，他妻子拿走了所有的东西，把他榨得一滴不剩。
[skwi:z] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] squeeze (sb/sth) in/squeeze (sb/sth) into sth
 ADVANCED
■to succeed in getting someone or something into a small space or object, often by pushing or forcing （使）挤进；（把…）塞入
• The car's quite full, but we could manage to squeeze another couple of people in. 车已经很满了，不过我们还能再挤进一两个人。
• I must have put on a lot of weight over Christmas because I can only just squeeze into my jeans. 圣诞期间我一定变胖很多，因为我只能勉强穿上牛仔裤。
[skwi:z] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] squeeze sb/sth in
 ADVANCED
■to manage to do something or see someone in a short period of time or when you are very busy 挤出时间做；抽出时间见（某人）
• While we're in Australia, we're hoping to squeeze in a trip to the Barrier Reef. 我们在澳大利亚期间，希望能挤出点时间去大堡礁。
• I'm very busy this week but I could squeeze you in at 2.30 on Tuesday. 我这个星期非常忙，但我能抽出点时间在周二两点半和你见面。
[skwi:z] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  squeeze sth out of sb (also squeeze sth from sb) informal
■to persuade or force someone to give you money or information 勒索，敲诈（某人）；逼迫（某人）吐露（资讯）
• During the negotiations, the union managed to squeeze several concessions from the management. 谈判期间，工会设法迫使管理阶层作出了几项让步。
[skwi:z] noun
PRESS 挤压
countable
■when you press something firmly 挤压，捏；榨
• She gave the present a quick squeeze and tried to guess what was inside. 她捏了捏礼物，想猜猜里面是甚么。
• Garnish the fish with some fresh parsley and a squeeze of lemon. 用新鲜西洋芹作鱼的装饰，再挤上几滴柠檬汁。
[skwi:z] noun
LIMIT 限制
countable usually singular
■a reduction or limit 减少；削减；限制
• The squeeze on profits in the oil industry has led to thousands of redundancies. 石油产业利润的减少导致数千人失业。
• The squeeze on local spending means that many services will have to be cut. 地方支出的缩减意味着将不得不砍掉很多公共服务。
countable usually singular
■a period in which the supply of money is limited by the government because of economic difficulties 通货紧缩，货币紧缩
• The government has imposed a sharp credit squeeze in an attempt to hold down inflation. 为抑制通货膨胀，政府施行了严格的信贷紧缩政策。
[skwi:z] noun
SPACE 空间
only singular
■when people or things are pushed or forced into a small space 拥挤；挤入（人或物被推入或被强迫进入一个小的空间内）
• I can give you a lift, but it'll be a tight squeeze as I'm taking four other people as well. 我可以开车载你一程，不过我还要载四个人，所以会很挤。
compress, press, squeeze, squash, jam
这组词都有“压、挤”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把某些东西压在一起或使占有较小空间。
press: 普通用词，指一个物体在另一个物体上加压力。
squeeze: 多指从两面或多面施加压力来压紧、压碎或压出水来。
squash: 指某物受力被压偏或压碎。也指塞挤。
jam: 专指四面八方都压紧或塞满。
vt. 挤；紧握；勒索
 - force one's way, thread one's way
n. 压榨；紧握；拥挤；佣金
 - compression, commission, purchase

Word: bundle
Front: bundle
[ˈbʌndl] (研四六托雅 6005/5598 -2)
Vocabulary: bundle
(once / 295 pages)
1nv 2v
A bundle is a package of things wrapped together. To wrap things together in a compact way is to bundle them. A baby wrapped up in a blanket is a bundle of joy, and if it’s cold outside, bundle up!
Bundle comes from the Middle Dutch word for bind, which is what you do when you bundle stuff — you bind it together. It also means to wrap in warm clothes. This is a word for things that are tightly packed together. If you get a package in the mail, it's a bundle. If you have knickknacks all over the place, you'll need to bundle them when you move by putting them in a box.
WORD FAMILY
bundle: bundled, bundles, bundling+/bundling: bundlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bundling is when an individual or intermediary group collects many contributions on behalf of a candidate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Seattle’s campaign-financing experiment will be extraordinarily expensive and poses potentially troubling scenarios about bundling.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She walked to her closet and found a bundle of black yarn.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 捆; 一批（同类事物或出售的货品）; 一大笔钱; 风趣的人
vt. & vi. 收集，归拢，把…塞入
vt. 额外免费提供（设备等），（尤指出售计算机时）赠送软件
vi. 匆匆送走; 推搡; 赶; （成群地）匆忙赶往
时态：bundled, bundling, bundles
分布：包(37%)，束(32%)，捆(28%)，大笔钱(1%)，匆忙地走(1%)，把 ... 扎成一捆(1%)
→bund, 同band, 绑。-le, 小词后缀。
n.捆,包,束My grandpa sent me a large bundle on my birthday.我生日时爷爷给我寄来一个大包裹.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a number of things that have been fastened or are held together 束，捆
• a bundle of clothes/newspapers/books 一捆衣服／报纸／书
• a bundle of sticks 一捆柴火
['bʌn.dl] noun countable
bundle of joy
■a baby 婴孩
• Three days after the birth, Paul and Sandra took their precious bundle of joy home. 孩子出生三天后，保罗和桑德拉把宝宝抱回了家。
['bʌn.dl] noun countable
a bundle of laughs informal
■a funny, entertaining person or situation 好笑的人（或情景）；笑料
• He's not exactly a bundle of laughs, is he? 他并不是个很滑稽搞笑的人，是不是？
['bʌn.dl] noun countable
a bundle of nerves informal
■someone who is extremely nervous and worried 焦躁的人；紧张不安的人
• Sorry for shouting - I'm a bundle of nerves these days. 很抱歉冲你大叫大嚷——这些天我很焦躁。
['bʌn.dl] noun countable
go a bundle on sth UK informal
■to like something very much 非常喜欢
• usually in negative I don't go a bundle on his taste in clothes. 我不太喜欢他的衣着品味。
['bʌn.dl] noun countable
make a bundle informal
■to earn a lot of money 赚取大量金钱
• They made a bundle selling their business. 他们卖掉他们的公司，大赚了一笔。
['bʌn.dl] verb
PUSH 推
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to push or put someone or something somewhere quickly and roughly 推搡；匆匆送走；乱堆；乱塞
• He bundled his clothes into the washing machine. 他把衣服塞进洗衣机里。
• She was bundled into the back of the car. 她被匆匆推进了车后座上。
• The children were bundled off to school early that morning. 那天一大早孩子们就被匆匆送往学校。
['bʌn.dl] verb
SELL TOGETHER 一起卖
transitive
■to include an extra computer program or other product with something that you sell 捆绑销售（电脑软体等）；搭售
• The system came bundled with a word processor, spreadsheet and graphics program. 这个系统销售时还外带文字处理、电子制表和图像制作软体。
['bʌn.dl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bundle (sb) up
■to put warm clothes on yourself or someone else （使某人）穿得暖和
• The kids were bundled up in coats and scarves. 孩子们穿着大衣，系着围巾，裹得严严实实。
['bʌn.dl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bundle sth up
■to tie a number of things together 把…捆扎起来
parcel, package, bundle, bunch, packet, pack
这组词都有“捆，包”的意思，其区别是：
parcel: 着重指邮包，也指将东西扎成小包或不太大的包。
package: 指包装整齐严密的包裹或一包、一捆、一盒东西。
bundle: 指多件东西被捆扎在一起。
bunch: 指有规则地把同类东西固定在一起。
packet: 一般指小件行李、邮包、还可指更小一些的包。
pack: 指专为背负而包扎的包裹，也指驮物等。
n. [解剖] 束； [印刷] 捆
 - tract, truss
vt. [印刷] 捆
 - rope
vi. 匆忙离开
 - bolt out, blow through

Word: cardboard
Front: cardboard
[ˈkɑ:dbɔ:d] (7873/8568 -K1)
Vocabulary: cardboard
(once / 2599 pages)
1n 2adj
The heavy, rigid paper that's used to make the boxes you use for mailing things is called cardboard. Cardboard also comes in handy for crafts and projects in classrooms.
A lot of cardboard is made from several layers of thick paper, so that it's stiff and strong, and protects items inside cardboard boxes. You can also use the word cardboard to describe a fictional character who doesn't seem real: "The mother in the movie was such a cardboard character." In the 18th century, cardboard was known as card paper.
WORD FAMILY
cardboard: cardboards
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a damp cardboard box on which I’d drawn a wonky face in Biro.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
HAJJAH, Yemen — The infant was barely breathing when his uncle brought him to the hospital in a cardboard box.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 卡（片）纸板; 纸板箱; 硬纸板
adj. 硬纸板制的; 虚假的
分布：厚纸板(68%)，不真实的(20%)，厚纸板的(7%)，无实质的(5%)
【记】card卡片，board木板
US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■material like very thick stiff paper, usually pale brown in colour, which is used especially for making boxes （尤指制作盒子的）硬纸板，卡纸板
• a cardboard box 硬纸板盒
UK ['kɑ:d.bɔ:d] US ['kɑ:rd.bɔ:rd] adjective disapproving
■relating to something, usually a character in a film or play, that does not seem to be real or interesting （通常指电影或剧本中的角色）不真实的，假的，做作的
• I've never enjoyed his plays - somehow all his characters are cardboard. 我向来不喜欢他的剧本——他笔下的人物都有些做作。
n. [纸] 硬纸板；纸板箱；卡纸板
 - hardboard, strawboard
adj. 不真实的； [纸] 硬纸板制的
 - impossible, unreal

Word: bribe
Front: bribe
[braɪb] (研六雅宝 10665/11092 -2)
Vocabulary: bribe
(once / 455 pages)
nv
You pay a bribe to get someone to do something they wouldn't do otherwise. It's usually dishonest and often criminal.
Bribes can be utterly corrupt and illegal — like when you offer a bribe to a politician so she'll make a decision in your favor. On the other hand, a bribe can be somewhat benign — like when your mom bribes you with an ice cream if you play with your little brother. When you bribe someone, you can say you're "greasing their palm."
WORD FAMILY
bribe: bribable, bribed, briber, bribery, bribes, bribing+/briber: bribers/bribery: briberies
USAGE EXAMPLES
In its impeachment motion, the National Assembly characterized the money as bribes.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Karen objects to fruit juice in grade-school lunches; however, like most of us, she resorts to sugary bribes when necessary.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Wealthy businessmen and officials were purchasing elaborate carvings as luxurious gifts or, in some cases, bribes.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 贿赂，行贿
n. 贿赂; 诱惑物
时态：bribed, bribing, bribes
分布：贿赂(98%)，贿赂物(2%)
→在古英语指施舍给乞丐的小片面包，词源同break, 分开，小块。
n.贿赂v.向...行贿,买通The briber described the tribe head's bribery.行贿者描述了部落首领的受贿行为.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents or something else that they want 贿赂；收买
• He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally. 他贿赂移民官员非法入境。
• [+ to infinitive] They bribed the waiter to find them a better table. 他们贿赂餐厅侍者，让他找一张好一点的桌子。
[braɪb] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■money or a present that you give to someone so that they will do something for you, usually something dishonest 贿赂
• He was accused of accepting/taking bribes from wealthy businessmen. 他被指控收受富商们的贿赂。
vt. [法] 贿赂，收买
 - buy over, grease
vi. [法] 行贿
 - corrupt practices
n. [法] 贿赂
 - fix, golden key, payola, glove money

Word: overstate
Front: overstate
[ˌəʊvəˈsteɪt] (宝 10668/14027 -1)
Vocabulary: overstate
(once / 5017 pages)
v
To overstate is to exaggerate or place too much importance on something. Your parents may overstate the dangers of driving on icy roads to scare you into being extra careful.
If you want your brother to help you move some furniture, you might overstate how much your back hurts. And, if you're ready for lunch but your friend is dawdling, you'll be tempted to overstate how cranky you get when you're hungry. More seriously, politicians have been known to overstate the threat of terrorism or other dangers in order to gain support for a bill or a candidate.
WORD FAMILY
overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating+/ interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/overstatement: overstatements/ restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/ understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly/ understatement: understatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is no overstating how dangerous a time the next year will be for reproductive rights.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
There is still no overstating the importance of Paterson, though.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
That followed embarrassing revelations about its accounting practices, in which it acknowledged overstating revenues at a number of its divisions, including nuclear power.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 夸大（某事）; 把…讲得过分; 夸张
时态：overstated, overstating, overstates
分布：夸张(79%)，夸大的叙述(21%)
→over-,超过，过度，state,陈述，描述。即过度描述，夸大其辞。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] verb transitive
■to describe or explain something in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is 把…讲得过分；夸大
• The impact of the new legislation has been greatly overstated. 新立法的影响被大大夸大了。
• The shareholders seem to think that the executive board is overstating the case for a merger. 股东们似乎认为执行董事会在合并这件事上小题大做。
Opposite understate
vt. 夸张；夸大的叙述
 - put it on, pile it on

Word: investing
Front: investing
[ɪnvestɪŋ] (10681/20053)
Back: v. 投资，花费( invest的现在分词 ); 授予; （把资金）投入; 投入（时间、精力等）
分布：投资(99%)，动词invest的现在分词形式.(1%)
VERB
投资
If you invest in something, or if you invest a sum of money, you use your money in a way that you hope will increase its value, for example by paying it into a bank, or buying shares or property.
例：They intend to invest directly in shares...他们打算直接投资股票。
例：He invested all our profits in gold shares...他把我们所有的收益都投资在黄金股上了。
VERB
出资;资助
When a government or organization invests in something, it gives or lends money for a purpose that it considers useful or profitable.
例：...the British government's failure to invest in an integrated transport system.英国政府未能给综合交通系统的建设投入资金
例：...the European Investment Bank, which invested £100 million in Canary Wharf...向卡纳里码头投资了1亿英镑的欧洲投资银行
VERB
购买;买进
If you invest in something useful, you buy it, because it will help you to do something more efficiently or more cheaply.
例：The company invested thousands in an electronic order-control system...公司耗资数千购买了一套电子订单管理系统。
例：The easiest way to make ice cream yourself is to invest in an ice cream machine.自己制作冰激凌的最简单的办法就是买一台冰激凌机。
VERB
投入(时间、精力)
If you invest time or energy in something, you spend a lot of time or energy on something that you consider to be useful or likely to be successful.
例：I would rather invest time in Rebecca than in the kitchen.我宁愿把时间花在丽贝卡身上也不愿花在厨房里。
VERB
赋予，使具有(某种特征)
If you say that someone or something is invested with a particular quality, you mean that they seem to have that quality.
例：The buildings are invested with a nation's history...这些建筑承载着一个国家的历史。
例：A tsar was a living icon, invested with deep historical and religious significance.沙皇曾是活着的圣像,具有深远的历史和宗教意义。
VERB
授予(某人权力、责任)
To invest someone with rights or responsibilities means to give them those rights or responsibilities legally or officially.
例：The constitution had invested him with certain powers.宪法授予他某些权力。
n. [机] 熔模铸造
 - investment casting

Word: swath
Front: swath
[swɒθ] (10663/38711)
Vocabulary: swath
(once / 5658 pages)
n
A swath was originally the long narrow space created by a single swing of a scythe in a field of grass or corn as the cutter moved through it. Nowadays it is used more figuratively to mean any kind of path someone makes.
The figurative use of swath has nonphysical senses as well, as in the term "a significant swath of the population believes..." Or if someone is trying to attract attention to themselves, or is making quite a public stir, they might be said to be "cutting a swath through the business world" or "cutting a swath on the dance floor." Hopefully, neither of the latter involves using scythes.
WORD FAMILY
swath: swaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
A group of nations that included the United States, China and Russia also agreed to protect a vast swath of pristine, life-supporting ocean off Antarctica.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Lawmakers will then spend the next few months working on legislation canceling broad swaths of the law.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Large swaths of the western city of Ramadi were destroyed in the offensive to wrest it from IS control.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 收割的刈痕，细长的列; 草条; 刈幅; 割幅
分布：收割的宽度(60%)，长而宽的一长条(20%)，割刈的带状地(20%)

Word: whichever
Front: whichever
[wɪtʃˈevə(r)] (高研四六 10672/5925 -1)
Back: pron. 任何一个; 无论哪个; 究竟哪一个
adj. 究竟哪个，无论哪些; 无论哪一个
分布：无论哪个(76%)，无论哪些(24%)
pron./a.无论哪个,无论哪些Take whichever you like best.拿你最喜欢的任何一个.
US [-ɚ] determiner pronoun
 ADVANCED
■any one from a limited set （有限数目中的）任何一个
• We can go to the seven o'clock performance or the eight - whichever suits you best. 我们可以去看七点或八点的演出——选一个你最方便的时间。
• Either Thursday or Friday - choose whichever day is best for you. 星期四或星期五都行——选一个你最方便的日子。
UK [wɪ'tʃev.ər] US [-ɚ] determiner
 ADVANCED
■it is not important which 无论哪个；无论哪些
• It's going to be expensive whichever way you do it. 无论你采用甚么方法，代价都会非常高昂。
• Whichever option we choose there'll be disadvantages. 无论我们选哪个都会有不利之处。

Word: disapprove
Front: disapprove
[ˌdɪsəˈpru:v] (四 10671/8455 -K1)
Vocabulary: disapprove
(once / 584 pages)
v
To disapprove is to object to something, or frown on it. Your parents, worried about head injuries, might disapprove of your joining the football team.
You can say that you disapprove of violence in movies and video games, or that you disapprove of censorship of any kind. Almost everyone disapproves of things like drunk driving or being cruel to animals. In all of these examples, to disapprove is to believe something is wrong or bad. Originally, in the 15th century, the word meant "disprove," but by the mid-1600s the meaning shifted to "the reverse of approve."
WORD FAMILY
disapprove: disapproval, disapproved, disapproves, disapproving +/approbative: approbatively/ approval: approvals/ approve: approbative, approbatory, approval, approved, approver, approves, approving, disapprove /approver: approvers/approving: approvingly/ disapproval: disapprovals/ disapproving: disapprovingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The primary reason for this disuse is simple: Few presidents are willing to disapprove of rules imposed by their own administrations.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A Quinnipiac University poll released this month found that 77 percent of respondents in New Jersey disapproved of the once-popular Christie's job performance.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Americans are evenly split on Trump’s transition so far, with 48 percent approving and 48 percent disapproving, according to a Gallup poll last week.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vi. 不赞成
vt. 反对，否决; 持相反的意见
时态：disapproved, disapproving, disapproves
分布：不赞成(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。approve, 批准，同意。
不赞成(dis不+approve赞成)[prob,prov=test表示"测试,证明"]
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to feel that something or someone is bad, wrong, etc.; to not approve 反对；不赞成
• The survey showed that 32% of respondents approve, 54% disapprove and the rest are undecided. 这项调查表明32%的受访者赞成，54%反对，其余的人尚未拿定主意。
• I strongly disapprove of under-age drinking. 我强烈反对未达法定年龄者饮酒。
vt. 不赞成；不同意
 - take a dim view of, disagree with
vi. 不赞成；不喜欢
 - take a dim view of, have a dislike of

Word: kindly
Front: kindly
[ˈkaɪndli] (10654/5999 -K2)
Back: adv. 亲切地; 友好地; 诚恳地，衷心地; （用作请求时的礼貌用语或把命令说成请求的反语）请
adj. 厚道的，亲切的; 温和的，宜人的; 〈古〉自然的
级别：kindlier, kindliest
分布：温和的(32%)，和蔼的(24%)，亲切地(22%)，温和地(12%)，爽快的(10%)
adverb
 ADVANCED
■in a kind way 仁慈地；友好地；大方地
• Stella has very kindly offered to help out with the food for the party. 斯特拉很友善，主动提出帮忙准备派对的食物。
■old-fashioned formal
■used when asking someone to do something, especially when you are annoyed with them but still want to be polite （尤指恼怒时尽量表示礼貌）请，劳驾
• You are kindly requested to leave the building. 请你离开这间房子。
['kaɪnd.li] adverb
not take kindly to sth
■to not like something 不乐意，不喜欢
• After years of being looked after by his mother, he didn't take kindly to being told to cook for himself. 在被母亲照料多年后，被告知要自已做饭，他很不乐意。
['kaɪnd.li] adjective old-fashioned
■A kindly person or action is a kind one 仁慈的；和蔼的；友好的
• a kindly old lady 和蔼可亲的老妇人
adv. 亲切地；温和地；仁慈地
 - gently, friendly, soft, warmly
adj. 亲切的；和蔼的；体贴的；爽快的
 - nice, friendly, sweet, benign, thoughtful

Word: tan
Front: tan
[tæn] (研四六托宝 9634/8861 -2)
Back: n. 黄褐色，棕黄色; 鞣料; 马戏团; 晒黑的皮色
vt. （使）晒成棕褐色; 鞣（革）
vi. 晒成棕褐色
adj. 黄褐色的，棕黄色的; 鞣皮的
时态：tanned, tanning, tans
分布：棕褐色(42%)，晒黑(33%)，棕褐色的(16%)，黝黑(9%)
→来自法语 tan,橡树树皮，来自拉丁语 tannum,橡树树皮，来自 dhonu,橡树，杉木。因过 去用橡树树皮制革而得名，后引申形容词词义褐色的。
n./a.(皮肤因日晒而成)棕褐色(的)vt.晒黑The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
【记】鞣革需要tan（炭）火和丹宁酸（tannin）
【参】tanner（n 制革工人）
noun countable (also suntan)
 ADVANCED
■when your skin is brown from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• a deep tan 晒得黝黑的皮肤
[tæn] adjective noun uncountable
■(a) pale, yellowish brown 棕黄色（的）；棕褐色（的）
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
COLOUR 颜色
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to become brown, or to make someone's body or skin, etc. brown, from being in the sun 晒成棕褐色的肤色
• Her skin tans very quickly in the summer. 她的皮肤在夏天很容易晒黑。
• I need to tan my legs before the holiday. 我需要把腿晒黑才去渡假。
• Tanned workmen were sitting around the dock. 皮肤晒得黑黝黝的工人在码头围坐。
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
LEATHER 皮革
transitive
■to change animal skin into leather using special chemicals such as tannin 鞣（革）；用鞣酸将（兽皮）制成皮革
[tæn] verb (-nn-)
tan sb's hide (UK also tan the hide off sb) old-fashioned
■to beat someone 揍（某人）
• I'll tan his hide if I catch him. 如果我抓到他，一定会把他揍扁。
[tæn] abbreviation written abbreviation for
■ tangent (TRIANGLE)
tag, tar, tap, tan
tag: 标签，货签；
tar: 柏油，焦油
tap: 水龙头，轻拍，利用，开发；
tan: 晒黑成棕褐色，鞭打；
n. 棕褐色； [皮革] 鞣料；马戏团
 - circus, Circus Troupe
adj. 黄褐色的；鞣皮的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: yawn
Front: yawn
[jɔ:n] (高研四六托雅宝 10649/10509 -K1)
Vocabulary: yawn
(once / 552 pages)
nv
The reflex that makes you open your mouth wide, inhale, and then exhale is called a yawn. Even seeing photos of other people's yawns (or reading the word yawn) can make you yawn.
We yawn when we're very bored or tired, or when our bodies need an influx of oxygen. Scientists aren't completely in agreement about all the reasons why we yawn, but the "contagious yawn" happens across all human societies and even in non-human animals like chimpanzees and dogs. Things can also yawn in a figurative way, when they're open wide. Yawn comes from gionian in Old English, "open the mouth wide."
WORD FAMILY
yawn: yawned, yawner, yawning, yawns+/yawner: yawners/ yawning: yawningly, yawnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My mother was like one of those women who never stopped chattering,” the narrator says, “even while yawning.”
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
It stopped as quickly as it had started, and the sun came out again, mildly, as if yawning after a nap.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
What it means is that United are now a yawning 11 points behind Chelsea and any title-challenging hopes rather distant.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 打呵欠; 张开，裂开; <文学>张开大口
n. 呵欠; 无聊的人或事; 裂口
时态：yawned, yawning, yawns
分布：呵欠(56%)，打呵欠(31%)，张开(13%)
→来自ghai,张嘴，打呵欠，词源同gas,chaos,gape.
v.打呵欠n.呵欠At the dawn on the lawn the yawning drowned man began to frown.拂晓时在草坪上,打呵欠的溺水者开始皱眉头.
【记】因为yawn所以yaw（v 偏航）。
US [jɑ:n] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to open the mouth wide and take a lot of air into the lungs and slowly send it out, usually when tired or bored 打哈欠
• I can't stop yawning - I must be tired. 我不停打哈欠——肯定是累了。
UK [jɔ:n] US [jɑ:n] noun
countable
■an act of yawning 哈欠
• Her eyes watered as she tried to stifle (= stop) a yawn. 她强忍着不打哈欠，眼泪都出来了。
a yawn only singular informal
■something or someone that is very boring 乏味的事物（或人）
• We have to go to dinner with Simon's boss on Saturday which is a bit of a yawn. 我们星期六得跟赛门的老板一起去吃晚餐，真是有点乏味。
n. 哈欠；裂口
 - breakage, chasm
vi. [生理] 打呵欠；裂开
 - gap, seam
vt. 张开；打著呵欠说
 - splay

Word: lore
Front: lore
[lɔ:(r)] (托宝 10674/15341 -1)
Vocabulary: lore
(once / 1196 pages)
n
Lore is a body of knowledge or tradition that is passed down among members of a culture, usually orally. It's the lore in "folklore," and responsible for spreading the word on mythical figures like Santa Claus, Paul Bunyan, and even Uncle Sam.
Most lore begins as an oral tradition, passed on by word of mouth, and only later takes on a written form. We tend to think of lore as something centuries-old, as in the British "Arthurian lore" surrounding the doings of the mythical King Arthur and his court. However, newer lore — such as baseball lore — is constantly springing up. Humans need and love their lore.
WORD FAMILY
lore: lores
USAGE EXAMPLES
They fought and fought and then, in their final breaths they hit Penn State with a force that USC football lore will remember forever.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But we coach one another through it, and eventually true greatness is conferred through lore — a holy alliance of time and talk.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It was of the you-cannot-make-this-up variety - and it will forever live in Marlins lore.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （专门的）知识; 学问; 口头传说; [动]眼端，眼光
分布：传说(46%)，知识(44%)，学问(10%)
→来自古英语lar,学习，知识，教导，来自leis,小径，道路，词源同learn.后用于指口头流传的传说。
【参】folklore（n 民间传说）
US [lɔ:r] noun uncountable
■traditional knowledge and stories about a subject （祖辈流传下来的）知识，传说
• According to local lore, the water has healing properties. 根据当地的传说，这种水有治病的功效。
⇒ See also folklore
n. 知识；学问；全部传说；（动物的）眼光知识
 - information, knowledge of, learning, cognition, study

Word: herd
Front: herd
[hɜ:d] (研四六托雅宝 5174/5760 -2)
Vocabulary: herd
(once / 243 pages)
nv
A herd is a bunch of animals — or people who act like a bunch of animals. It's also a verb — when people herd animals, they try to keep them moving in the same direction.
A herd usually refers to a group of animals with hooves, like cows or sheep (meat-eating animals like wolves cruise around in packs). On a farm, sheepdogs are in charge of herding the herd of sheep. Herds of buffalo roam the plains. It's rarely a good thing when people act like a herd, which is to do what everyone else is doing. You might want "to break away from the herd" if everyone is wearing pinwheel hats, for example. If you're having trouble getting people together, you might say it's like "herding cats." Cats never follow directions.
WORD FAMILY
herd: herded, herder, herding, herds+/herder: herders
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say limited hunting allows for a controlled elimination of weak animals, while earning funds for fodder and other care for the herds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And we voters did our part, passing judgment on the candidates, thinning the herd, rejecting them one by one.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The herd typically summers northwest of Meeteetse and migrates into the Bighorn Basin in winter.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 兽群; 牧群; 放牧人; <蔑>群众，民众
vt. & vi. 群集，纠结
vt. 放牧; （使）向…移动; 使成群
时态：herded, herding, herds
分布：群(84%)，兽群(6%)，放牧(5%)，聚在一起(2%)，牧人(2%)，群集(1%)
→来自kerdh,兽群，牧群。
n.群,兽群,牛群v.放牧,群集The bead is put on the forehead of the dead shepherd ahead of the herd.珠子被戴在牧群前面的死牧羊人的前额上.
【参】herdsman（n 牧者；牧人）
US [hɝ:d] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together 兽群；牧群
• a herd of cattle/elephants/goats 一群牛／大象／山羊
■mainly disapproving
■a large group of people that is considered together as a group and not separately 芸芸众生，人群
• Poor Janine - she just follows the herd (= does what all the other people are doing). 可怜的雅尼娜——她只是在跟随主流。
UK [hɜ:d] US [hɝ:d] verb
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to make animals move together as a group （将…）赶成一群，放牧
• A old woman was herding the goats up the mountainside. 一位老妇人正在山坡上放牧山羊。
transitive + adverb or preposition mainly disapproving
■to make people move somewhere as a group, often with force or against their wishes （常指强迫性地）使集中在一起
• The football fans complained that they had been herded into a small alley. 足球迷抱怨说他们被集中赶进了一条小巷里。
herd, swarm, flock
这组词都有“群”的意思，其区别是：
herd: 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。
swarm: 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
flock: 主要指鸟群、羊群；也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。
n. 兽群，畜群；放牧人
 - drove, menagerie
vt. 放牧；使成群
 - grass, feed, range

Word: gray
Front: gray
[greɪ] (四六 1939/5464 -K)
Vocabulary: gray
(once / 174 pages)
1adjnv 2nadj 3adj 4n 5n
Because the color gray is between black and white — actually a mix of the two — it is often used to denote something dull or monotonous. When the sun comes out after a long stretch of gray days, you suddenly feel alive again. Everybody to the beach!
You might feel old when you see your gray hairs, but I think they make you look wise and distinguished. Because gray is dull and indistinct, you can refer to something not quite clear as being "in a gray area." You often find some gray area between right and wrong . . . especially when you are accused of doing something wrong. Don’t worry about the British spelling "grey": it’s interchangeable with the American English spelling.
WORD FAMILY
gray: graily, grayed, grayer, grayest, graying, grayish, grayly, grayness, grays
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a cheerful, demonstrative man, seventy-six years old, with a short gray beard and a mobile face.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Silver-haired, wearing a gray dress shirt and black pants and a tie, he did not yell or pound his fist.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The department also announced Friday that the recreational fishing season for gray triggerfish will remain closed for 2017 or until further notice.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 灰色; 灰马; 灰色颜料; 暗淡的光线
adj. 灰色的; 灰白头发的; 阴暗的; （指脸因恐惧、生病等）苍白的
v. （使）变灰色
vi. 成为灰色或灰白
时态：grayed, graying, grays
分布：灰色(75%)，灰色的(22%)，暗淡(1%)，变灰色(1%)，使 ... 变灰色(1%)
→来自gher, 照耀，照明。此处指微光，灰白色。词义演变比较brown, 来自bher, 照耀，照明，词源同bright.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL US spelling of
■grey grey 的美式拼法
adj. 灰色的；苍白的；灰白头发的；阴郁的
 - grey, sad
n. 灰色；暗淡的光线
 - grigio, Pixel Toy Remix

Word: gag
Front: gag
[gæg] (托 10677/15442 -1)
Vocabulary: gag
(once / 1333 pages)
1nv 2v 3nv
A gag is a piece of cloth that's tied around a person's face to keep them from speaking or being heard. Cartoon bad guys often tie up their victims and put gags over their mouths.
To use a gag for shutting someone up is to gag them. Both the noun and verb forms of gag can also be figurative: "Her government is trying to gag her by censoring her," or "The lack of a right to free speech in some countries is a gag." Another way to gag is to retch, or begin to vomit. The root of gag is probably the Old Norse gag-hals, "with head thrown back."
WORD FAMILY
gag: gagged, gagging, gags, gagster+/gagster: gagsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish authorities issued a temporary gag order on reporting from the scene of the nightclub.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Wearing a wig and gag false teeth, he crashes Ines' social obligations, creating numerous script opportunities for pathos, slapstick and surrealism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Separately, the Russian embassy to the UK tweeted a visual gag calling the Obama presidency a lame duck.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 塞口物，（牲畜的）口衔; 言论限制; 恶作剧; 张口器
vt. 塞住…的口; 抑制言论自由; 使窒息; 用张口器将嘴张开
vi. 作呕; 窒息; 开玩笑，说俏皮话
时态：gagged, gagging, gags
分布：恶作剧(36%)，笑话(32%)，遏制言论(8%)，箝口物(8%)，塞住口部(8%)，使呕吐(8%)
→拟声词，模仿含糊不清的声音。
noun countable
PIECE OF CLOTH 一块布
■a piece of cloth which is tied around a person's mouth or put inside it in order to stop them from speaking, shouting or calling for help （使人无法说话或喊叫求助的）塞口布
• Her hands and feet were tied and a gag placed over her mouth. 她的手脚被捆，嘴里被塞了一块布。
[gæg] noun countable
JOKE 玩笑 informal
■a joke or funny story, especially one told by a comedian (= person whose job is to make people laugh) （尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨，笑话，玩笑
• I did a few opening gags about the band that had been on before me. 我拿表演上个节目的乐队说笑，插科打诨说了几句开场白
■US
■a trick played on someone or an action performed to entertain other people 恶作剧；滑稽动作；噱头
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
ALMOST VOMIT 几乎要吐
intransitive
■to experience the sudden uncomfortable feeling of tightness in the throat and stomach that makes you feel you are going to vomit 作呕
• Just the smell of liver cooking makes me gag. 用动物肝脏做的菜我一闻就想吐。
• I tried my best to eat it but the meat was so fatty I gagged on it. 我尽最大的努力想吃了它，但肉太肥了，我还是想吐。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
STOP TALKING 封口
transitive
■to put a gag on someone's mouth 塞住，捂住（某人的嘴）
• He was bound and gagged and left in a cell for three days. 他被绑起来，嘴里塞了布，扔在一间小囚室中关了三天。
transitive often passive
■to prevent a person or organization from talking or writing about a particular subject 压制…的言论自由；限制…发言；使缄默
• The media have obviously been gagged because nothing has been reported. 显然传媒已被封杀，因为它们甚么都没有报道。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
EAGER 渴望的
be gagging for/to do sth UK slang
■to be very eager to do something 渴望做；急于做
• I was gagging for a pint of cold lager. 我真想喝一品脱冰啤酒。
be gagging for it slang
■to be very eager to have sex; used especially by a man to say he thinks a woman wants very much to have sex with him 痒得熬不住，猴急要做那事儿（尤指男人认为某个女人迫不及待要与他发生性关系）
vt. 塞住…的口；钳制…的言论；使窒息
 - choke
vi. 插科打诨；窒息；作呕
 - keck
n. [机] 塞口物；讨论终结；箝制言论
 - cloture

Word: hearth
Front: hearth
[hɑ:θ] (六 10697/8936 -1)
Vocabulary: hearth
(once / 521 pages)
n
If you are warming yourself by the fireplace, you are sitting by the hearth. The noun hearth refers to a fireplace and the area around it.
Hearth refers specifically to the paved floor of a fireplace, which may extend out into a room. Hearths are associated with home and family because the hearth was historically the main source of heat in the home, as well as where the cooking was done. As a result, family members often gathered together around the hearth. The importance of the hearth has made it symbolic of the home, as in the phrase "hearth and home."
WORD FAMILY
hearth: hearths
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, she included a fresh lime wreath propped up on her hearth.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Original home of town harbor master; features original nine-over-nine windows, wood floors, multiple brick hearths.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Stones in the hearth came even farther, from Arkansas.
Seattle Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 灶台，炉边; （高炉的）炉膛，炉缸; 〈比喻〉家庭; 壁炉地面
分布：炉边(58%)，炉床(22%)，灶台(20%)
→来自ker,燃烧，词源同carbon,crematorium,-th,名词后缀。引申词义火炉，壁炉。
US [hɑ:rθ] noun countable
■the area around a fireplace or the area of floor in front of it 壁炉炉床；壁炉边
• A bright fire was burning in the hearth. 壁炉里熊熊的炉火在燃烧。
■literary
■a home, especially when seen as a place of comfort and love （尤指充满温馨和爱意的）家
• They were reluctant to leave hearth and home. 他们很不愿意离开温馨的家。
n. 灶台；炉边；炉床； [建] 壁炉地面
 - cooking bench, ingleside

Word: emphatically
Front: emphatically
[ɪm'fætɪklɪ] (10680/11087 -1)
Vocabulary: emphatically
(once / 851 pages)
adv
When you say something emphatically, you say it with great emphasis and force, like when you emphatically denied that you took the last cookie.
Emphatically, pronounced "em-FAT-ick-lee," shares the same origin as emphasize, which means "to stress or put particular importance on something." When you say or do something emphatically, you really mean it. For example, if you emphatically say "no" when someone asks you on a date, that person isn't likely to ask you — or even look in your direction — again.
WORD FAMILY
emphatic: emphatically, unemphatic+/unemphatic: unemphatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were no complaints from Hull, and Touré stepped up to finish emphatically from the spot.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
“We got it right this time,” he said emphatically.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The voters of the Birmingham suburb emphatically rejected the status quo, causing Poles to react with shock and fear for what the future might hold.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 强调地，断然地，明显地
分布：强调地(50%)，断然地(50%)
ADV-GRADED
强调地;加强语气地;断然地
If you say something emphatically, you say it in a forceful way which shows that you feel very strongly about what you are saying.
例：'No fast food', she said emphatically...“不能吃快餐，”她坚决地说。
例：Mr Davies has emphatically denied the charges.戴维斯先生断然否认了那些控诉。
ADV-GRADED
肯定地;显然地
You use emphatically to emphasize the statement you are making.
例：Making people feel foolish is emphatically not my strategy...让人出丑显然不是我的策略。
例：Politics is most emphatically back on the agenda.政治问题显然重新提上了日程。
adv. 着重地；强调地；断然地
 - positively, flat

Word: closeness
Front: closeness
['kləʊsnəs] (10688/11313)
Back: n. 亲密; 密闭; 严密; 接近
分布：接近(62%)，密闭(25%)，严密(13%)
US ['kloʊ-] noun uncountable
NEAR 接近
■being close in position or time （时间或位置上的）接近，邻近
UK ['kləʊ.snəs] US ['kloʊ-] noun uncountable
RELATIONSHIP 关系
■the quality of knowing someone very well, liking them a lot and spending a lot of time with them 亲密，熟悉的关系
• A special closeness is supposed to exist between twins. 人们认为双胞胎之间存在着特殊的亲密关系。
UK ['kləʊ.snəs] US ['kloʊ-] noun uncountable
LACKING AIR 缺少空气
■the quality of weather or air conditions in which it is difficult to breathe and is uncomfortably warm 封闭的；密不透风的
n. 亲密；接近；密闭；严密
 - approach, neighborhood

Word: gal
Front: gal
[gæl] (10748/22954 -1)
Back: n. 女孩，少女
→来自girl的俚语发音。
noun
GIRL 女孩
countable (plural gals) informal or humorous
■a woman or girl 女子；女孩，小妞
• You're just an old-fashioned gal, aren't you, honey! 你这小妞还挺守旧，是不是啊，宝贝！
[gæl] noun
UNIT OF MEASUREMENT 度量单位 (UK also gall) written abbreviation for
■ gallon
n. 加仑（重力加速度单位）；姑娘
 - girl, bride, gallon

Word: obstruct
Front: obstruct
[əbˈstrʌkt] (研托雅宝 10703/9467 -1)
Vocabulary: obstruct
(once / 511 pages)
v
When you obstruct something, you block it. If you’re gobbling down your pizza, a chunk of crust you didn’t chew so well might obstruct your airway and you'll choke.
Obstruct also means to get in the way so that you hide something from view. That fast food tower being built next to your beach house will obstruct your lovely ocean vistas. And that scene gives you a vivid illustration of the Latin roots the word comes from: ob- "against," and struere, "build." You can also obstruct something or someone by putting up a roadblock, literal or figurative: when you park yourself by the exit door, you obstruct everybody's way out.
WORD FAMILY
obstruct: obstructed, obstructer, obstructing, obstruction, obstructive, obstructor, obstructs+/ obstructed: unobstructed /obstructer: obstructers/ obstruction: obstructionism, obstructions/ obstructionism: obstructionist/obstructionist: obstructionists/ obstructive: obstructively/obstructor: obstructors/ unobstructed: unobstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the lawsuit, filed on behalf of Senegal’s widow, claims deputies misrepresented facts and obstructed the investigation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That all ended in April when Morel pleaded guilty to obstructing justice.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Court records show Worthington was previously charged on Aug. 10 for second-degree robbery, possessing a firearm after a felony conviction and obstructing an officer.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 阻塞; 堵塞; 阻碍; 阻止
vi. 阻塞; 妨碍; （给…）设置障碍
时态：obstructed, obstructing, obstructs
分布：妨碍(50%)，阻塞(40%)，阻隔(10%)
→ob-,相对，对着的，-struct,堆积，建造，词源同structure,construct.即堆在对面的，引申词义障碍，阻碍，阻挠等。
妨碍(ob反+struct→反建设→妨碍)[struct=build,表示"建立"]
v.阻隔,阻塞(道路,通道等)n.阻碍物,障碍物The road was obstructed by a fallen tree.道路被一棵倒下的树挡住了.
【记】ob反，struct建造一建造反效果的东西一阻塞
【反】facilitate（v 使容易）；abet（v 教唆）unocclude（adj 空的）－obstructed（adj 堵塞的）
【参】obstruction（n 阻挠，障碍）；obstructionist（n 妨碍者）
verb transitive
■to block a road, passage, entrance, etc. so that nothing can go along it, or to prevent something from happening correctly by putting difficulties in its way 阻塞，堵塞，阻挡（道路、通道、入口等）；阻碍，妨碍
• After the earthquake many roads were obstructed by collapsed buildings. 地震过后，许多道路都被倒塌的建筑物堵住了。
• Her view of the stage was obstructed by a pillar. 一根柱子挡住了她的视线，她看不见舞台。
• An accident is obstructing traffic on the M11. 一场事故堵塞了11号高速公路上的交通。
■to try to stop something from happening or developing 阻碍；阻止，阻挠；妨碍
• to obstruct a police investigation 阻挠警方的调查
• He got five years in prison for withholding evidence and obstructing the course of justice. 他因隐藏证据、妨碍司法而被判入狱5年。
hamper, hinder, block, prevent, bar, obstruct
这组词都有“阻止、阻塞”的意思，其区别是：
hamper: 侧重因受到约束或阻碍而造成的行动困难。
hinder: 语气较轻，多指阻碍、拖延人或事，强调使进展速度缓慢下来。
block: 语气强烈，指有效堵住了通道，使人或物无法通过。
prevent: 含义广泛，指采取预防措施或设置障碍去阻止某人或某事。
bar: 含义与block很接近，指阻塞通道或禁止出入，但有对暗示不用障碍物的阻止或禁止。
obstruct: 正式用词，语气强，多指以干扰或设置障碍的方式阻碍交通，使不能自由畅通。
vt. 妨碍；阻塞；遮断
 - let, violate
vi. 阻塞；设障碍
 - plug up, block up

Word: simplistic
Front: simplistic
[sɪmˈplɪstɪk] (10678/9998 -1)
Vocabulary: simplistic
(once / 13824 pages)
adj
It would be simplistic to say that people who get good grades study more. This answer doesn't account for the complexities of how we learn and are tested. When something is simplistic, it is overly simple.
When your mother tells you to just ignore a bully, you might find her advice simplistic. How can you just ignore his insults? She might also tell you that he probably doesn't have a good home life, or is jealous of you. These too will sound simplistic. The fact is, sometimes there is no simple answer to a problem, and all attempts to solve it quickly will be simplistic.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
simple / simplistic
Simple has a rich etymology and has kept most of its meanings throughout the centuries. It began life in the early 1200s as meaning humble or ignorant:
They were simple, ignorant, harmless children of Nature; with no knowledge of soul, mind, God or heaven.
By the late 1200s, simple also meant low-ranking:
This language, in spite of the complex influences which went to the making of the nationality of France, was of a simple origin.
About 1300, it had add pure to its list of meanings, and in the early 1400s, it also meant made of just one thing, the opposite of composite. By 1550, simple could also be used to mean not complicated.
Sometime during all this, simple was also used as a noun to mean a plant or an herb used for medicine. To simple was to collect such a plant, and a simplist was someone who did the collecting. If a given plant had simplistic virtues, it had the virtues of a simple. If your cousin had simplistic talents, she was good at making use of simples.
The medicinal simple has long since disappeared from everyday English, but simplistic has survived. By 1881, it had come into its modern meaning of trying to explain something complicated as being simpler than it is; that is, oversimplifying:
Joe Ollinger offers simplistic answers to the complex issues we face.
What simplistic does not mean, however, is simple or easy:
The game offers simplistic controls for the entire family to enjoy.
Don't be fooled by salesmen pitching simplistic products. Unless he's selling medieval medicine, he's probably too simple to know what he is selling.
WORD FAMILY
simplistic: simplistically+/oversimplification: oversimplifications/oversimplify: oversimplification, oversimplified, oversimplifies, oversimplifying/ simple: simmpleness, simpleness, simpler, simples, simplest, simplicity, simplify, simplism, simplistic, simply/ simplicity: simplicities/simplification: simplifications/ simplify: oversimplify, simplification, simplified, simplifies, simplifying/simplism: simplisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet simplistic assessments of domestic violence situations which see the only problem as the woman’s unwillingness to “just leave” continue to fail victims.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Those are just hints of the complex world that is about to impinge on the simplistic worldview offered by Trump during his presidential campaign.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The argument against their enshrinement was always too simplistic and naive for my liking, not to mention arbitrary and illogical.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分单纯化的; 过分简单化的; 把复杂问题搞得过于简单的
分布：过分简单化的(100%)
→simple,简单的，单纯的，-istic,形容词后缀，词源同 artistic.
过分简单的(simple简单的)[-istic表形容词,由-ist+ic构成,表示"…的"]
[sɪm'plɪs.tɪk] disapproving
adjective
■making something complicated seem simple by ignoring important parts of it 过分简化的
• They are taking a disgracefully simplistic point of view about the war. 他们对战争持有一种过分简化的观点。

Word: improbable
Front: improbable
[ɪmˈprɒbəbl] (托 10684/9661 -1)
Vocabulary: improbable
(once / 637 pages)
adj
Your parents might tell you it's improbable that they'll buy you a car when you turn 16. Since improbable means something is unlikely but not impossible, your optimism allows you to keep hoping.
The adjective improbable also means statistically unlikely to happen. You might be afraid to fly, but the odds of a plane crash are so low that such an event is improbable. Improbable also means something that is so outrageous that you'd never admit you believed in it. You know the existence of the Loch Ness Monster is improbable, but that doesn't stop you from looking for it when you travel to Scotland.
WORD FAMILY
improbable: improbability, improbableness, improbably+/improbability: improbabilities/probabilism: probabilistic/probabilistic: probabilistically/ probability: probabilities/ probable: improbable, probabilism, probability, probables, probably / probably: probablys
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Monday, his team will meet Penn State in an improbable Rose Bowl game.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But those two plays illustrated the improbable task of toppling the Crimson Tide.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But Leicester’s improbable championship reportedly cost the bookies somewhere in the neighborhood of $15 million.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不大可能是真实的，不大可能的; 未必确实的; 未必会发生的; 非概然
分布：不大可能的(76%)，似不可信的(16%)，不像会发生的(8%)
→im-,不，非，probable,可能的。
US [-'prɑ:.bə-] adjective
■not likely to happen or be true 不大可能发生的；未必确实的
• It 's highly improbable that Norris will agree. 诺里斯很可能不会同意。
• an improbable-sounding excuse 听上去不大可信的借口
illegal, improbable, illogical, improper
illegal: 非法的
improbable: 不大可能发生的
illogical: 不符合逻辑的
improper: 不适当的
adj. 不大可能的，未必确实的；不可信的；未必会发生的
 - suspect, unbelievable

Word: cringe
Front: cringe
[krɪndʒ] (宝 10670/15738 -1)
Vocabulary: cringe
(once / 2309 pages)
v
When you cringe, your body language shows you don't like what you see and hear. You close your eyes and grimace. You may even jerk your body away from the offensive sight or sound, like the old picture of you in an "awkward stage" that makes you cringe whenever you see it.
Whether it's a song you hate or someone mentioning an embarrassing moment from the past, you cringe at things that are unpleasant. If you think about the way your body involuntarily flinches or bends in those situations, you won’t be surprised to learn that the word cringe can be traced back to the Old English word cringan, meaning “give way, fall (in battle), become bent.” That’s exactly what your body does when you cringe!
WORD FAMILY
cringe: cringed, cringes, cringing+/cringing: cringingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She cringed at the ways inmates were the ones treated like children, denied money, keys, silverware.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“She stepped aside. It was a cringe in motion.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If I’m up front, I cringe as people walk by.”
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 畏缩; 卑躬屈膝
n. 畏缩; 阿谀奉承
时态：cringed, cringing, cringes
分布：畏缩(90%)，觉得尴尬不安或难为情(10%)
→来自sker, 弯，转，词源同ring, curve. 词义由弯，转过渡到蜷缩，畏缩。
【记】cr哭，in，ge哥：在哥哥的怀抱里哭，被吓坏了吧？！
【参】cringing（adj /n 畏缩的；阿谀奉承的）
verb intransitive
■to suddenly move away from someone or something because you are frightened （因恐惧）畏缩，退缩
■informal
■to feel very embarrassed 感到难堪，觉得难为情
• I cringed at the sight of my dad dancing. 看到爸爸跳舞我觉得很难为情。
vi. 畏缩；奉承；阿谀
 - honey, recoil from
n. 畏缩；奉承
 - court, flattery

Word: climax
Front: climax
[ˈklaɪmæks] (研六托雅宝 10683/6990 -2)
Vocabulary: climax
(once / 675 pages)
nv
When something — like a movie or piece of music — reaches its most important or exciting part, that's the climax. A climax is a high point.
When you're on a roller coaster and you reach the highest point, that's the climax of the ride. This word is also used often in art and entertainment. In an adventure movie, there's usually a moment near the end when there's a lot of danger, suspense, and action — a point the whole movie has been building towards. That's the climax. After a climax, tension is released and things calm down. After a climax, you probably want to say "Whew!"
WORD FAMILY
climax: anticlimax, climactic, climaxed, climaxes, climaxing+/anticlimactic: anticlimactical, anticlimactically/ anticlimax: anticlimactic, anticlimaxes/ climactic: climactically
USAGE EXAMPLES
That really for me became the emotional climax of the whole film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The German beat the Briton by five points after a long battle over 21 races climaxed in Abu Dhabi on Sunday.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
But how do women know for sure if they are climaxing?
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点，极点; 高潮; 层进法; [生物学]顶极群落
vt. & vi. 达到顶点; 达到巅峰; 使达到高潮; 使达到性高潮
时态：climaxed, climaxing, climaxes
分布：高潮(92%)，极点(5%)，层进法(3%)
→来自klei,倾斜，词源同lean,incline.-ax,表示最高级，词源同apex,next,approximate.
n.顶点,高潮The slim Muslim reached his climax when he found the axis of the galaxy.苗条的穆斯林在发现银河的轴线时达到了(人生的)顶点.
noun countable
■the most important or exciting point in a story or situation, which usually happens near the end 高潮；最精彩的部分；顶点
• The climax of the air show was a daring flying display. 航空展的高潮是惊险刺激的飞行表演。
• The election campaign reaches its climax next week. 下周竞选活动将进入白热化阶段。
⇒ See also anticlimax
■the highest point of sexual pleasure 性高潮
['klaɪ.mæks] verb intransitive
■to reach the most important or exciting part 达到高潮；达到顶点
• The show climaxed with all the performers singing on stage together. 所有演员同台高歌把演出推向了高潮。
• The Olympics climaxed in a spectacular closing ceremony. 奥运会在壮观的闭幕式中达到了高潮。
■to reach the highest point of sexual pleasure 达到性高潮
peak, sumit, climax, top
这组词都有“顶点”的意思，其区别是：
peak: 指山峰的全部或上部。
sumit: 书面用词，指山的最顶峰部分，也指通过努力可以达到的最高水平，还指最重要的，国家间的首脑最高级会谈。
climax: 指戏剧等的高潮，也指事物发展中的极点，因此多含其后由盛而衰的意味。
top: 普通用词，可指包括人或物或其它任何的最高点或顶点。
n. 高潮；顶点；层进法；极点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, pole

Word: trudge
Front: trudge
[trʌdʒ] (托宝 10705/12256 -1)
Vocabulary: trudge
(once / 1310 pages)
vn
To trudge is to walk in a heavy, exhausted way. Your grandpa probably tells you about how he used to trudge six miles uphill through a foot of snow in the brutal cold every morning just to get to school.
Trudge is also a noun that means a difficult, labored walk. If you take a mile-long trudge through heavy snow or mud, your steps will be slower and it will require more effort to put one foot in front of the other. Need help remembering what trudge means? Say it out loud. Trudge rhymes with sludge — and walking through sludge, or thick muck, would cause you to trudge.
WORD FAMILY
trudge: trudged, trudger, trudges, trudging+/trudger: trudgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iyad trudged back to his family’s tent, where his father was waiting.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Meanwhile, the Broncos trudged through another inept offensive performance.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Meanwhile, the Broncos trudged through another inept offensive performance.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 跋涉，吃力地走
n. 跋涉，长途疲劳的步行; 沉重的脚步; 沉重疲累地走着的人
时态：trudged, trudging, trudges
分布：长途跋涉(72%)，缓慢或吃力地走(28%)
【记】t，rudge＝bridge：总是过桥－跋涉
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk slowly with a lot of effort, especially over a difficult surface or while carrying something heavy （尤指在崎岖的路上或携重物时）步履艰难地走，费力地走，跋涉
• We trudged back up the hill. 我们跋涉回到山上。
• I'd had to trudge through the snow. 我不得不在雪地里跋涉。
[trʌdʒ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  trudge through sth humorous
■to do work or a particular task slowly and with effort or difficulty 艰难地做（工作），费力地完成（任务）
• I spent the whole weekend trudging through this report, and I still haven't finished reading it. 我花了整个周末费力地读这份报告，可到现在还没读完。
[trʌdʒ] noun only singular
■a long walk which makes you feel very tired 长途跋涉，疲惫的长途步行
• We came back from our trudge across the moor wet and tired. 经过长途跋涉穿过荒野回来后，我们浑身都湿透，筋疲力尽。
vi. 跋涉；步履艰难地走
 - wade
n. 长途跋涉；沉重的步伐
 - trapse

Word: czar
Front: czar
[zɑ:, tsɑ:] (10679/34480)
Vocabulary: czar
(once / 914 pages)
n
Czar is a Russian word for ruler or emperor. Those kinds of czars are long gone, but we still use the word to describe people in charge of something important.
Up until the early 20th century, the ruler in Russia was a man called a czar who had total power, like an emperor or dictator. In English, czar has hung around as a word for anyone in charge of anything. If you run a book club, you might jokingly call yourself a book czar. In the U.S. government, people in charge of large departments are often called czars — like the housing czar or labor czar.
WORD FAMILY
czar: czarist, czars+/czarist: czaristic
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are individuals who try to seek favoritism, who want to bring something good to the czar.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Russian Revoution of 1917 toppled the czar, sent tremors of socialist rebellion throughout Europe and drove Vladimir Lenin into power by year’s end.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Once the aura of the czar was punctured, though, revolution became inevitable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （帝俄的）皇帝; 沙皇; 独裁者; 独揽大权者
分布：沙皇(90%)，独揽大权者(10%)
US [zɑ:r] noun countable mainly US for tsar
n. （帝俄的）沙皇，皇帝；独裁者
 - emperor, tzar

Word: breeder
Front: breeder
[ˈbri:də(r)] (10669/9187)
Back: n. （动物）饲者，种畜; 起因; 增殖反应堆
分布：饲养动物的人(78%)，培育植物的人(22%)
【记】breed（v （使）繁殖，抚养；n 品种，种类）
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who breeds animals 饲养动物的人，饲养员
• She was one of the country's top sheep breeders. 她是全国最棒的绵羊饲养员之一。
n. 饲养员；繁殖者；起因；增殖反应堆
 - keeper, feeder

Word: smuggler
Front: smuggler
[ˈsmʌglə(r)] (10708/15470)
Back: n. 走私者; 走私船
分布：走私者(100%)
→smuggle,走私，-er,人。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■someone who smuggles 走私犯；偷运者
n. [法] 走私者；走私犯；走私船
 - runner, owler

Word: roadway
Front: roadway
[ˈrəʊdweɪ] (10685/14195)
Back: n. 路面，道路; 车道
分布：车行道(100%)
US ['roʊd-] noun only singular
■the part of the road on which vehicles drive 车行道
• An overturned bus was blocking the roadway. 一辆公共汽车翻车，堵塞了行车道。
n. 道路；路面； [公路] 车行道；铁路的路基
 - path, course

Word: memorabilia
Front: memorabilia
[ˌmemərəˈbɪliə] (10676/15259 -1)
Vocabulary: memorabilia
(once / 8995 pages)
n
The noun memorabilia describes items that remind you of a certain event or time period. Parents who save every drawing and report card their children bring home are collecting memorabilia for the future.
Been there, done that, got the t-shirt? That t-shirt is memorabilia. Memorabilia refers to anything that commemorates an event. It shows you were there — you have the t-shirt to prove it. But t-shirts didn't even exist in 1806, the year memorabilia was coined from the Latin word memorare, meaning "to bring to mind." You save memorabilia to help you remember, or jog your memory.
WORD FAMILY
memorabilia
USAGE EXAMPLES
The museum will not, as many assume, be a repository for “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Bower surrounds herself with childhood toys and collectibles, especially “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
I first interviewed Reynolds in 2011 at the Paley Center where she was auctioning off part of her famous collection of Hollywood memorabilia.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 值得纪念的事物; 大事记; 应记录下来的地方; 言行录
分布：大事记(77%)，值得纪念的事物(23%)
→来自拉丁语memorabilia,纪念品，值得记忆之事，词源同memory,memorable.
plural noun
■objects that are collected because they are connected with a person or event which is thought to be very interesting 纪念品；收藏品
• an auction of pop memorabilia 通俗艺术纪念品的拍卖
• Elvis memorabilia 猫王艾维斯纪念品

Word: faucet
Front: faucet
[ˈfɔ:sɪt] (托宝 10713/- -K)
Vocabulary: faucet
(once / 8389 pages)
n
Water comes out of your faucet and into your sink or bathtub. A faucet is a device that allows you to turn the flow of water on and off.
The faucet is not just the metal part that the water comes through, it is the whole mechanism for controlling the flow of water. If you cry easily, someone might say you are a regular faucet. This is because water comes out of your eyes more often than it does for most people. If you ask your parents a little too often for cash, they might joke that they're going to turn off the money faucet.
WORD FAMILY
faucet: faucets
USAGE EXAMPLES
This month, one prominent pop culture publication overrated the current state of shower faucets.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The Forest Service is checking to see where other such “Forests to Faucets” schemes might be set up.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
The powder room faucet that hangs from the ceiling is controlled by a panel on the wall.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. <美>水龙头
分布：水龙头(100%)
→来自拉丁语fauces, 咽喉，喉咙。用来指水龙头。
【记】faucet是fauces（n 咽喉；喉头）的一种读：放死他－放水淹死他，打开水龙头
US ['fɑ:-] noun countable US for tap (DEVICE)
n. [机] 旋塞；插口
 - soket

Word: unearth
Front: unearth
[ʌnˈɜ:θ] (托宝 10691/11598 -1)
Vocabulary: unearth
(once / 2464 pages)
v
To unearth something is to dig it up. You could unearth a coffin, or even a tee shirt buried in the bottom of a drawer.
To put something in the earth is to bury it, to unearth it is to take it back out. When digging in the yard you’ll probably unearth creepy-crawlies and, with luck, a lost treasure will surface. To bring anything hidden “into the light” is to unearth it. You can unearth the secret affairs of your lover, you can unearth the lies of a corrupt government, and you may even unearth a child’s secret candy stash from under the mattress.
WORD FAMILY
unearth: unearthed, unearthing, unearths+/ earth: earthed, earthing, earthlike, earthling, earthly, earths, earthy, unearth / earthling: earthlings/ earthly: earthlier, earthliest, unearthly / earthy: earthier, earthiest, earthily/ unearthly: unearthlily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, she unearthed a series of pasts, each concealing another like a matryoshka doll.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mass graves are unearthed nearly every day in former IS territory, with more than 70 discovered already.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And then years later, when I was home for the holidays, the sled was unearthed.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 发掘; 揭露; 从洞中赶出
时态：unearthed, unearthing, unearths
分布：发掘(65%)，掘出(30%)，发现并披露(5%)
→un-, 使相反，earth, 土，土中。即从土中挖出，掘出。
从地下挖出(un+earth土地)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，earth地－不在地下－挖出
【反】conceal（v 隐藏）
US [-'ɝ:θ] verb transitive
■to discover something in the ground 发掘，掘出，使出土
• Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month. 自从本月初在工地挖出人类遗骸之后，施工就停止了。
■to discover proof or some other information, especially after careful searching （尤指在仔细搜寻之后）发现
• A private detective has apparently unearthed some fresh evidence. 一个私家侦探显然已经找到了新的证据。
vt. 发掘；揭露，发现；从洞中赶出
 - detect, reveal, expose

Word: plunge
Front: plunge
[plʌndʒ] (研四六托雅宝 4610/4534 -3)
Vocabulary: plunge
(once / 156 pages)
1vn 2vn
Plunge is a noun and a verb related to diving, falling, and sinking. A "polar bear plunge" is when people plunge into freezing cold water for charity or, inexplicably, for fun.
As a noun, plunge means “a brief swim” or “a fall.” As a verb, plunge has a variety of definitions. Plunge can mean “to devote yourself fully," as you might plunge into a job by working day and night. Similarly, if you plunge into a good book, you don't let anything distract you from your reading. Plunge can also mean “fall abruptly.” Someone’s reputation might plunge after a scandal, or the stock market might plunge when investors react to bad news.
WORD FAMILY
plunge: plunged, plunger, plunges, plunging+/plunger: plungers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dahlin’s first interrogation began about 2am that winter morning, as temperatures outside The Residence plunged to six degrees below zero.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Meanwhile British politics is plunged into chaos, the result being that in ...
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As the football sailed through the air, Daniel Carter plunged down the field for St. Thomas, weaving around potential blockers.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 用力插入; 使陷入
vi. 跳入; 全心投入; 突降，俯冲
n. 投入，陷入; 游泳，跳水
时态：plunged, plunging, plunges
分布：投入(60%)，跳入(30%)，使投入(5%)，栽进(5%)
→来自古法语plongier,浸入，沉入，跳水，来自拉丁语plumbum,铅，铅球，词源同plumb.其 原义为用铅垂线测水深，引申词义前冲，跳水，比喻义猛倾，暴跌，比较plummet.
v.(into)(使)投入,(使)插进,陷入;猛冲The hungry drunk plunged a trunk of lungs into the tunnel under the channel.饥饿的醉汉把一大箱肺投进了水渠下面的隧道.
【记】源于plumb的铅锤的意义
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
 IMPROVER
■to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down or into something （使）投入；（使）插入；（使）刺入
• We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea. 我们跑向海滩，纵身跳入海中。
• The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff. 轿车失去控制坠下悬崖。
• Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water. 把豌豆倒入沸水中煮。
• Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres. 尼加拉大瀑布落差为55.5米。
• The fall in demand caused share prices to plunge. 需求下降导致股价大幅下跌。
• Our income has plunged dramatically. 我们的收入骤减。
[plʌndʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  plunge in/plunge into sth
■to suddenly start doing something actively or enthusiastically 突然开始积极地做
• Two months before his exams, he suddenly plunged into his studies. 考试前的两个月，他突然开始埋头苦读。
• He took a deep breath and plunged into his speech. 他深吸了一口气，开始热情洋溢地讲了起来。
[plʌndʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] plunge (sb/sth) into sth
■to suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness, or to make someone or something suddenly experience a bad situation or unhappiness （使）陷入；（使）经历
• The country was plunged into recession. 该国突然陷入经济衰退。
• He was plunged into despair when his wife left him. 他妻子离开他时，他一下子陷入绝望之中。
[plʌndʒ] noun countable
■a sudden movement or fall forward, down or into something 跳入；下跌；落下
• I really enjoyed my plunge (= jumping in and swimming) in the pool. 我很喜欢在游泳池里跳水游泳。
■a sudden and large fall in value or level 暴跌，骤降
• We are expecting a plunge in profits this year. 我们预计今年利润将大幅下降。
[plʌndʒ] noun countable
take the plunge
■to make a decision to do something, especially after thinking about it for a long time （尤指经过长时间考虑后）决心行动，打定主意
• They're finally taking the plunge and getting married. 他们终于打定主意要结婚了。
dip, duck, submerge, plunge, immerse
这组词都有“沉浸，浸入”的意思，其区别是：
dip: 指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体，多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。
duck: 指把头伸进水中，或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。
submerge: 指长时间的完全浸入、潜入，强调浸入液体深层。
plunge: 暗示迅速而有力的动作，但浸入不一定很深。
immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖，也可用于比喻意义。
n. 投入；跳进
 - investment, input
vi. 投入；陷入；跳进
 - plough into, throw one's self into
vt. 使陷入；使投入；使插入
 - let sb in for, let in for

Word: worthy
Front: worthy
[ˈwɜ:ði] (高研四六托 5102/4663 -2)
Vocabulary: worthy
(once / 71 pages)
nadj
Use the adjective worthy to describe the good causes to which you donate a little money each year. Their admirable qualities are what make them worthy.
Something that deserves respect is worthy, whether it's a charity, a hard working tennis opponent, or a struggle to overcome a disability. If it's worth your admiration or has some inherent value, it's worthy. The word has been around since the thirteenth century, and it was especially common in the 1300's to use worthy as a noun meaning "person of merit."
WORD FAMILY
worthy: unworthy, worthier, worthies, worthiest, worthily, worthiness, worthyly+/unworthiness: unworthinesses/unworthy: unworthily, unworthiness/ worth: self-worth, worthful, worthless, worths, worthy /worthiness: worthinesses/ worthless: worthlessly, worthlessness / worthlessness: worthlessnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a moment later he added, “If we don’t get a nomination now, it is perceived as ‘You’re not worthy of seeing on Friday night.’ ”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In his letter to Paterson, he called her “the most worthy candidate for clemency that I’ve ever seen.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
There were disappointments, and a noteworthy absence of keen political satire/commentary, but also a spread of worthy productions and performances.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 应得某事物; 值得做某事; 可尊敬的; 配得上的，相称的
n. 杰出人物，伟人
级别：worthier, worthiest
分布：有价值的(43%)，值得的(18%)，杰出人物(13%)，配得上的(12%)，可尊敬的(8%)，知名人士(6%)
a.(of)值得...的,配得上...的;有价值的This book is worthy of being read.这本书值得一读.
US ['wɝ:-] adjective
DESERVING RESPECT 值得尊敬的
 ADVANCED formal
■deserving respect, admiration or support 值得尊敬的；值得钦佩的；值得支持的
• He is unlikely to succeed in getting his bill through Congress, however worthy it is. 无论他的提案多么有价值，他也不可能使其在国会上通过。
• Every year she makes a large donation to a worthy cause. 她每年都为一项高尚的事业捐一大笔钱。
worthy of attention/notice, etc. formal
 ADVANCED
■deserving to be given attention, noticed, etc 值得注意的
• Two points in this report are especially worthy of notice. 这份报告中有两点特别值得注意。
■formal
■describes something which should be admired for its good and useful qualities but which is not very interesting 有内在价值（但乏味）的
• a worthy book 有价值的书
UK ['wɜ:.ði] US ['wɝ:-] adjective
SUITABLE 合适的
worthy of sth
■suitable for, or characteristic of something 适合…的；有…典型特征的
• He threw a party worthy of a millionaire. 他举办了一场典型的百万富翁式的聚会。
UK ['wɜ:.ði] US ['wɝ:-] noun countable humorous
■a person who is important, especially in a small town （尤指小城镇中的）要人，大人物
• The front row of chairs was reserved for local worthies. 前面的一排椅子是为当地的要人预留。
worthwhile, worthless, worth, worthy
worthwhile: 值得的(可作定语和表语)。如：That is a worthwhile program.(那是一个值得听的节目。)So few movies are worthwhile nowadays.(当今有价值的电影很少。)
worthless: 无价值的，无用的(可作定语和表语，无比较级)。如：These stamps are worthless.(这些邮票无价值。)Don’t read worthless books.(不要读些没用的书。)
worth: 值……钱，值得……的。如：This house is worth a lot of money.(这房值很多钱。)The radio program is worth listening to. (这广播节目值得听。)
worthy: (1)有价值的，可尊敬的(常作定语)。如：The teacher was a worthy man.(那位老师是可尊敬的人。)(2)值得的(常作表语)。如：The man is worthy of praise.(这人值得称赞。)它的动词句式是be worthy to be done (be worth doing).
adj. 值得的；有价值的；配得上的，相称的；可尊敬的；应…的
 - valuable, matching
n. 杰出人物；知名人士
 - out-and-outer, dilly

Word: proclamation
Front: proclamation
[ˌprɒkləˈmeɪʃn] (宝 10682/12441 -1)
Vocabulary: proclamation
(once / 458 pages)
n
A proclamation is a formal public statement. If the mayor of your town issued a proclamation honoring the state champion field hockey team, this is an official statement of praise and celebration.
A major statement made in front of an audience or the authoritative word on some subject is a proclamation. It's usually used in an official or government context, although an ordinary person can also make a proclamation, like your proclamation that you'll never dance again after your embarrassment at last week's hip hop recital. The root is proclaim, declare publicly, though the i is dropped in proclamation.
WORD FAMILY
proclamation: proclamations+/ proclaim: proclaimed, proclaiming, proclaims, proclamation /proclaimed: self-proclaimed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama’s unilateral actions, by executive order, proclamation or memoranda, are even more vulnerable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
On this day full of light, the prophetic proclamation resounds:
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
But Niel Lawrence, a senior attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said the result of a Trump proclamation isn’t so clear-cut.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 宣布，公布; 公告，布告; 宣言书
分布：宣言(55%)，公布(28%)，文告(17%)
→来自proclaim,声称，声明。
宣告;宣言[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
US [ˌprɑ:.klə-] noun countable or uncountable
■an official announcement 公告；宣言；声明
• to issue a proclamation 发表声明
• A bloody civil war followed the proclamation of an independent state. 随着国家独立宣言的发表，一场血腥的内战爆发了。
n. 公告；宣布；宣告；公布
 - announcement, declaration, profession

Word: caliber
Front: caliber
['kælɪbə] (托 10694/-)
Vocabulary: caliber
(once / 3296 pages)
1n 2n
Caliber is a kind of measurement that can describe either the level of a person’s ability or the diameter of a gun barrel. Your dad might be a high-caliber marksman, especially when using his .22 caliber rifle.
Caliber describes the level of ability a person has achieved in a profession. For example, you probably wouldn't want to hire a low-caliber plumber when the toilet breaks. The caliber of an institution or a program describes the height of its standards. You might be planning to attend the high-caliber veterinary program at your state university. Caliber is also the measurement of the width inside a gun barrel, and its corresponding bullets.
WORD FAMILY
caliber: calibers, calibrate +/ calibrate: calibrated, calibrates, calibrating, calibration/calibration: calibrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dec. 14 and seized controlled substances and a .45 caliber handgun within 500 feet of a school building.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“We were fortunate that someone of Allardyce’s caliber and experience was available,” Parish said in bringing him on.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Seattle sorely needs a successor of his caliber.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 口径; 能力; 水准; 枪弹的直径
分布：口径(77%)，才干(23%)
n. [军] 口径；才干；水准（等于calibre）；器量
 - standard, savoir-faire

Word: victimize
Front: victimize
[ˈvɪktɪmaɪz] (宝 10690/25144 -3)
Vocabulary: victimize
(once / 8019 pages)
v
To victimize is to make someone into a victim by harming or taking advantage of them in some way. A school bully might be known to victimize other kids on the playground.
A victim is someone who has had something bad done to them, like the victim of a murder or a burglary. To victimize is to put someone in that position. A serial killer victimizes the people they kill. A swindler victimizes the people they cheat out of money. Abusive parents victimize their children. A football team that cheats victimizes the other team. When you hear about victimizing, you know someone has been hurt.
WORD FAMILY
victimize: victimization, victimized, victimizer, victimizes, victimizing+/ victim: victimise, victimize, victims/victimisation: victimisations/victimise: victimisation, victimised, victimiser, victimises, victimising/victimization: victimizations/victimizer: victimizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even when they are assigned to detention centers that correspond to their gender identity, they are often victimized.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Drug pushers victimize people who are addicted to substances such as heroin.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Of course, the notion that white people are “victimized” or “vulnerable” in the United States is absurd.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受害，使受骗; 使牺牲; 欺骗
时态：victimized, victimizing, victimizes
分布：使牺牲(41%)，使受害(26%)，欺负(20%)，使受骗(13%)
→来自victim,受害者。
【记】vic＝vice（n 罪恶），timize：罪恶的行为是使受骗上当。
【反】treat fairly（公平地对待）
(UK usually victimise) ['vɪk.tɪ.maɪz] verb transitive
■to treat someone in an intentionally unfair way, especially because of their race, sex or beliefs （尤指因种族、性别或信仰的原因）使受害，虐待，迫害
• He claimed he'd been victimized by the police. 他声称受到了警方的迫害。
• Nixon felt that he was being victimized by the media. 尼克森感到自己正在受到新闻媒体的不公平对待。
vt. 使受害；使牺牲；欺骗
 - sell, fox

Word: confinement
Front: confinement
[kənˈfaɪnmənt] (托 10696/11450 -1)
Vocabulary: confinement
(once / 773 pages)
1n 2n
If you're dealing with confinement to a jail cell, or your classroom, or the broom closet, you're stuck there and you can't leave. Confinement means you're being held and you can't move freely.
Confinement doesn't have to be punishment. If you've got a contagious disease, your doctor may recommend confinement to your hospital room. Puppies sometimes prefer confinement in a crate to sleeping in an open room. You may also come across an old-fashioned use of the word confinement, referring to a woman in childbirth, which goes back to when women retired to their rooms to give birth and recuperate. Confinement contains the Latin root finis, "end, limit” — confinement certainly is limiting.
WORD FAMILY
confinement: confinements+/ confine: confined, confinement, confines, confining / confined: confinedly, unconfined / unconfined: unconfinedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In restrictive housing, commonly called solitary confinement, inmates are alone for 23 hours a day.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“When someone is on home confinement,” he said, “that means home confinement.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Lee was arrested again and sentenced to six weeks in confinement.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 监禁，关押; 分娩，生产; 限制，约束
分布：限制(57%)，分娩(35%)，拘禁(8%)
noun
uncountable
■when a person or animal is kept somewhere, usually by force 限制；关押；禁闭；监禁
• She spent most of those years under house arrest or close confinement. 那些年她大部分时间都处于软禁或严密监禁之中。
countable or uncountable old-fashioned or formal
■ labour (= when a woman gives birth to a baby) 分娩，生产
confinement, confinement, concentrate, restraint, focus, limitation
这组词都有“限制，局限”的意思，其区别是：
confinement: n.限制，囚禁(于某地或某种境地)。
 • The prisoner was sentenced to three months' solitary confinement.   那犯人被判处单独监禁三个月。
confinement: limitation, restraint
concentrate: v.集中，集中精力(后接on，宾语可以是具体或抽象的东西)；浓缩，压缩。
 • During exams, students concentrate hard on answering the questions.   考试期间，同学们集中精力回答问题。
restraint: n.克制，抑制；约束措施。
 • Even though the mother was very angry, she acted with restraint and didn't yell at her child.   即使母亲很生气，她仍克制自己没有向孩子大吼。
focus: v.集中(于某事物)；将(注意力等)集中于……(后接on，宾语一般不是具体的东西)。
 • Please focus your minds on the following problem.   请集中考虑以下问题。
limitation: n.限制，局限；(能力的)缺点，弱点。
 • That employee has limitations on what work he can do.   那个雇员能做的工作有限。
n. 限制；监禁；分娩
 - limitation, delivery, restriction, qualification, prison

Word: shard
Front: shard
[ʃɑ:d] (宝 10720/22511)
Vocabulary: shard
(once / 9555 pages)
n
If you break a mirror, the thin sharp pieces you want to avoid are shards. A shard is simply a broken piece of metal, glass, stone, or pottery with sharp edges.
Don't confuse shard with shred, meaning to cut into strips, or chard, a leafy green vegetable. You could use a shard of metal to shred chard into salad, but be careful that you don't cut your hands to shreds!
WORD FAMILY
shard: shards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roger Clemens fails to get votes necessary for Baseball Hall of Fame, hurls bat shard at Mike Piazza’s plaque in Cooperstown.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Mills does something similar narratively as he samples the era’s music, signposts and shards, all while circling Dorothea.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Amid the shards of 2016, Baldwin’s relevance is apparent enough.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （玻璃、金属或其他硬物的）尖利的碎片
分布：一小片或一部分(50%)，〈动物学〉昆虫翅鞘(50%)
→来自古英语 sceard,碎片，来自 Proto-Germanic*skardas,碎片，来自 sker,切，削，分开， 词源同 shear,share,sharp.
【记】象声词：刹的一声陶瓷就碎了－陶瓷碎片
US [ʃɑ:rd] noun countable
■a piece of a broken glass, cup, container or similar object （玻璃杯、茶杯、容器或类似物品的）碎片、破片
• Shards of glass have been cemented into the top of the wall to stop people climbing over. 墙头上用水泥黏着玻璃碎片，以防止人们翻墙过去。
n. （甲虫的） [昆] 鞘翅；陶瓷碎片
 - potsherd

Word: sharing
Front: sharing
['ʃeərɪŋ] (10728/11601)
Vocabulary: sharing
(once / 719 pages)
1adjn 2n
A sharing person is generous and willing to share. If you are sharing, you are glad to give things away to others. So can we borrow five dollars?
To share something is to use it or enjoy it with others, like when people share a cake at a birthday party. The adjective sharing has a related meaning, but the focus is more on unselfishness. A sharing person might try to divide up not just the cake, but also all the food in his refrigerator — just to be sure everyone is fed.
WORD FAMILY
sharing: sharings+/ share: shared, shareed, sharer, shares, sharing / shared: unshared/sharer: sharers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Actresses were actively encouraged by their bosses to compete with each other instead of sharing their interests and concerns, but Debbie never bought in.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She hopes that sharing her story helps others in similar situations.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The twins spent their entire being sharing toys, sharing hobbies, sharing looks.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 分配; 均分; 共价; 共享
分布：共享(95%)，分配(4%)，动词 share的现在分词.(1%)
N-COUNT
股份;股票
A company's shares are the many equal parts into which its ownership is divided. Shares can be bought by people as an investment.
例：This is why Sir Colin Marshall, British Airways' chairman, has been so keen to buy shares in US-AIR...这就是为什么英国航空公司主席科林·马歇尔爵士一直如此热衷于购买美国航空公司的股票。
例：For some months the share price remained fairly static.有那么几个月，股票价格一直非常地稳定。
V-RECIP
共享;共有;合用
If you share something with another person, you both have it, use it, or occupy it. You can also say that two people share something.
例：...the small income he had shared with his brother from his father's estate...他兄弟二人从父亲那里继承的一小笔遗产
例：Two Americans will share this year's Nobel Prize for Medicine...两名美国人将共同摘得今年的诺贝尔医学奖。
V-RECIP
共同承担，分担，分摊(任务、责任等)
If you share a task, duty, or responsibility with someone, you each carry out or accept part of it. You can also say that two people share something.
例：You can find out whether they are prepared to share the cost of the flowers with you...你可以弄清楚他们是否愿意和你一起分担买花的费用。
例：The republics have worked out a plan for sharing control of nuclear weapons.一些共和国已经制订出共同控制核武器的计划。
V-RECIP
分享，共同拥有(同样的经历)
If you share an experience with someone, you have the same experience, often because you are with them at the time. You can also say that two people share something.
例：Yes, I want to share my life with you...是的，我想和你共度一生。
例：I felt we both shared the same sense of loss, felt the same pain.我觉得我们两个有着共同的失落感，经受着同样的痛苦。
VERB
同意;和…观点一致;赞同
If you share someone's opinion, you agree with them.
例：We share his view that business can be a positive force for change...我们同意他的观点，认为商业可以是促进变革的一种积极力量。
例：Prosperity and economic success remain popular and broadly shared goals.经济繁荣昌盛一直是各国普遍追求的共同目标。
V-RECIP
共同具有(某种品质和特点);和…有共同之处
If one person or thing shares a quality or characteristic with another, they have the same quality or characteristic. You can also say that two people or things share something.
例：...newspapers which share similar characteristics with certain British newspapers.和英国的某些报纸风格相似的一些报纸
例：...two groups who share a common language.说同一种语言的两个人群
VERB
与…分享;与…共享
If you share something that you have with someone, you give some of it to them or let them use it.
例：The village tribe is friendly and they share their water supply with you...村里的部落很友善，他们会和你一起分享水源。
例：Scientists now have to compete for funding, and do not share information among themselves...科学家们现在为了资金不得不相互竞争，互相之间也不会共享信息。
VERB
向…诉说,与…分享(想法、消息等)
If you share something personal such as a thought or a piece of news with someone, you tell them about it.
例：It can be beneficial to share your feelings with someone you trust...向自己信任的人倾诉感情是很有益处的。
例：Film critic Bob Mondello shares his thoughts on the movie 'City of Hope'.影评家鲍勃·蒙德洛和大家分享他对电影《希望之城》的看法。
N-COUNT
(应得或应承担的)一份
If something is divided or distributed among a number of different people or things, each of them has, or is responsible for, a share of it.
例：Sara also pays a share of the gas, electricity and phone bills...萨拉也分摊燃气费、电费和电话费。
例：He is counting on winning seats and perhaps a share in the new government of Macedonia.他正期望着能赢得一些席位，或许还能成为马其顿新政府的一员。
N-COUNT
应得的一份;应做的一份
If you have or do your share of something, you have or do an amount that seems reasonable to you, or to other people.
例：Women must receive their fair share of training for good-paying jobs...女性必须获得她们理应得到的高薪工作培训。
例：I have had more than my full share of adventures.我已经有了太多丰富多彩的历险。
n. 公用，共享
 - communion

Word: glean
Front: glean
[gli:n] (托宝 10706/11171 -1)
Vocabulary: glean
(once / 1708 pages)
v
Seeing a word in context lets you glean information about how it's used. Glean means to gather bit by bit. You might say, "I couldn't understand her accent, but from what I could glean, she needs money to take the bus."
In the Book of Ruth in The Bible, Ruth meets her future husband when she asked permission to glean from his fields, which means follow the grain cutters, gathering the seed kernels that have fallen on the ground. For the very poor at this time, gleaning was often means of getting food.
WORD FAMILY
glean: gleaned, gleaner, gleaning, gleans+/gleaner: gleaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
But necropsies provide information about cetaceans that would be well nigh impossible to glean in any other way.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This well-known podcast isn’t usually classified as “self-help,” but there are life lessons to be gleaned here.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
What other unexpected insights did you glean after you sat down and wrote the book?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 捡拾落穗
vt. 收集; 拾落穗
时态：gleaned, gleaning, gleans
分布：收集(87%)，拾落穗(13%)
【记】glean后可以clean田地读：搁里n（象谷仓）－把收割者落在田里的谷物收集到n里
【参】gleaner（n 拾穗的人）；gleanings（n 拾得的落穗；搜集到的情报或新闻）
verb transitive
■to collect information in small amounts and often with difficulty 缓慢艰难地收集（资讯）
• From what I was able to glean, the news isn't good. 从我辛苦收集到的资讯来看，情况不妙。
• They're leaving on Tuesday - I managed to glean that much (from them). 他们将在星期二离开——我辛辛苦苦（从他们那里）打探到的就只有这些。
vt. 收集（资料）；拾（落穗）
 - gather in, to collect
vi. 收集；拾落穗
 - gather in, to collect

Word: updated
Front: updated
[ʌp'deɪtɪd] (10702/11933)
Back: adj. 最新的; 现代化的; 适时的; 校正的
v. 更新，使现代化( update的过去式和过去分词 ); 向…提供最新信息
分布：更新的(98%)，适时的(2%)
VERB
更新；使现代化
If you update something, you make it more modern, usually by adding new parts to it or giving new information.
例：He was back in the office, updating the work schedule on the computer...他已回到办公室，正在电脑上更新工作日程。
例：Airlines would prefer to update rather than retrain crews.航空公司更愿意换新员工而不是对旧员工重新进行培训。
N-COUNT
最新消息；快讯；速递
An update is a news item containing the latest information about a particular situation.
例：She had heard the news-flash on a TV channel's news update.她在一家电视台的新闻快讯中听到了这则简明新闻。
例：...a weather update.最新天气报告
VERB
为…提供最新消息；把最新进展告诉（某人）
If you update someone on a situation, you tell them the latest developments in that situation.
例：We'll update you on the day's top news stories...我们将为您提供当天的重要新闻。
例：I would just update them on any news we might have.我们一有新消息我就会告诉他们。
adj. 更新的；现代化的
 - new, newer, renewed
v. 更新（update的过去式）
 - renovated

Word: humid
Front: humid
[ˈhju:mɪd] (研四六托宝 10699/14511 -1)
Vocabulary: humid
(once / 1567 pages)
adj
When there is a lot of moisture in the air, it is humid out. The air in a rain forest is humid, the air in a desert is dry.
People like to say that it's not the heat that bothers them, it's the humidity. They say this because when it is humid, or when there is a lot of water in the air, the heat feels hotter. It also makes wavy hair frizzy and straight hair limp. Air that is cold and moist is called damp, so when people talk about humid air, think tropical, as that's usually how the word is meant.
WORD FAMILY
humid: humidity, humidly, humidness+/ humidity: humidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
That prioritizes air bags in humid climes such as Texas and Florida.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
His plot of land, on the outskirts of the kibbutz, sits way below sea level in the humid and dusty Jordan Valley.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
One critic says that the more than 150 books on Dylan are “a library woozy with humid overstatement and baby boomer mythology.”
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 潮湿的; 湿气重的; 湿润的; 温湿
分布：潮湿的(100%)
→来自拉丁语humid,湿的，使湿润，来自wegw,湿的，词源同humor.引申词义湿热的。
潮湿的(hum湿+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
潮湿的[hum=moist(湿)]
a.湿的,湿气重的Summer in south China is hot and humid.中国南部的夏天闷热潮湿.
【参】humidity（n 湿气；潮湿；湿度）＝moistness＝dampness
adjective
■(of air and weather conditions) containing extremely small drops of water in the air （空气和天气状况）潮湿的，湿润的
• New York is very hot and humid in the summer. 纽约的夏天炎热潮湿。
• a hot and humid climate 炎热而潮湿的气候
damp, moist, wet, humid
这组词都有“潮湿的”的意思，其区别是：
damp: 指吸进或覆盖着一点水份，常表示潮湿得使人不舒服。
moist: 指微湿，侧重不干，但并非湿得使人不快。
wet: 普通用词，指各种潮湿的状态。
humid: 正式用词，特指空气与天气的潮湿，相对湿度大。
adj. [气象] [物] 潮湿的；湿润的；多湿气的
 - wet, moisty

Word: varsity
Front: varsity
[ˈvɑ:səti] (10723/26001)
Vocabulary: varsity
(once / 4634 pages)
n
The word varsity identifies the starting team in a sport at a college or university. You have to be good to make varsity.
At many schools, sports are a big deal. Thousands of people flock to college football and basketball games, plus other sports. The members of the starting team are varsity players. Varsity players are the best players: that’s why they start, and they usually finish the game too. It can take a while for a player to make varsity status.
WORD FAMILY
varsity: varsities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was cut in eighth grade, then as a freshman he sat on the junior varsity bench.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Adams said she watched several of Thornton’s middle school games, and without a true point guard on varsity, Thornton fit right in.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Freshman Kenlee Gelhausen received some positive attention from her teammates on the junior varsity basketball team during her weekend with the baby in November.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 大学（尤指牛津或剑桥）; （学校的）代表队
分布：校队的(60%)，大学体育代表队的(40%)
→来处university缩写词。
US ['vɑ:r.sə.tˌi] US
adjective [before noun]
■describes sports teams at schools or colleges which are at the most skilled level of play 大学体育代表队的，校队的
• He was a member of the varsity baseball team. 他是学校棒球队的队员。
n. 大学；大学运动代表队
 - university, college, campus

Word: contributing
Front: contributing
[kənt'rɪbju:tɪŋ] (10689/20934)
Vocabulary: contributing
(once / 1311 pages)
adj
If you were eating lunch in a school cafeteria when someone yelled, "Food fight!" and instead of hiding under the table you threw your hamburger across the room, you'd be a contributing factor to the ruckus, or something adding to it.
The word contributing can be used to describe things that help to bring about results, whether positive or negative. If you're a contributing member of your friend's fundraising efforts, it means you're giving her money. If you're a contributing voice in the audience at a noisy rock concert, it means you're screaming your head off.
WORD FAMILY
contribute: contributed, contributes, contributing, contribution, contributive, contributor, contributory+/ contribution: contributions/contributive: contributively/ contributor: contributors
USAGE EXAMPLES
"While these sweet treats might be well meaning, they are also contributing to the current obesity epidemic and poor oral health," he added.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Those runaway hits are contributing to what industry sources are projecting to be a record year at the box office.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We are contributing to the professionalism of law enforcement by maintaining a standard.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 贡献的，起作用的
v. 捐献( contribute的现在分词 ); 捐助; 撰稿; 投稿
分布：贡献的(69%)，起作用的(25%)，动词contribute的现在分词.(6%)
VERB
(为…)做贡献
If you contribute to something, you say or do things to help to make it successful.
例：The three sons also contribute to the family business...这3个儿子也为家族事业做出了贡献。
例：I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world...我相信我们每一个人都能够对世界的未来有所贡献。
VERB
捐献;捐助;援助
To contribute money or resources to something means to give money or resources to help pay for something or to help achieve a particular purpose.
例：The US is contributing $4 billion in loans, credits and grants...美国将提供40亿美元的信贷和赠款。
例：They say they would like to contribute more to charity, but money is tight this year...他们说他们很想捐献更多的钱支持慈善事业，但是今年的钱非常紧张。
VERB
促成;促使；是导致…的原因之一
If something contributes to an event or situation, it is one of the causes of it.
例：The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy...报告说两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生。
例：Stress, both human and mechanical, may also be a contributing factor.来自人的和机械方面的压力可能也是一个因素。
VERB
(为报刊、书籍等)撰稿
If you contribute to a magazine, newspaper, or book, you write things that are published in it.
例：I was asked to contribute to a newspaper article making predictions for the new year...我受邀为报纸撰写一篇文章，对新的一年进行预测。
例：Frank Deford is a contributing editor for Vanity Fair magazine.弗兰克·德福特是杂志《名利场》的特约编辑。
adj. 贡献的；起作用的
 - effective

Word: humiliating
Front: humiliating
[hju:'mɪlɪeɪtɪŋ] (10717/11305)
Vocabulary: humiliating
(once / 1274 pages)
adj
When something humiliating happens to you, it makes you feel embarrassed and ashamed. Your humiliating haircut might force you to wear a stocking cap to work.
Something that humbles you and makes you feel foolish is humiliating: it's humiliating to sing your song for the school talent show in the wrong key, and it's even more humiliating when the audience laughs. Admitting defeat in a competition or battle is often described as humiliating, as are most kinds of public embarrassment. The noun humiliation came first, from the same root as humble, the Latin humilis, "lowly, humble," and literally, "on the ground."
WORD FAMILY
humiliating: humiliatingly+/ humiliate: humiliated, humiliates, humiliating, humiliation / humiliation: humiliations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buying clothes with a 68 waist was humiliating.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
"There is nothing worse in a country than humiliating a teacher; nothing is worse than neglect by those who carry weapons," Ms Qaisi wrote.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
It was one of the humiliating defeats in the history of English football, leading to the immediate resignation of manager Roy Hodgson.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 丢脸的; 羞辱性的
v. “humiliate”的现在分词
分布：丢脸的(80%)，动词humiliate的现在分词形式.(10%)，伤自尊的(10%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel ashamed or stupid 令人感到耻辱的；丢脸的
• Losing my job was the most humiliating thing that ever happened to me. 失业是我碰到过最丢脸的事。
• The government suffered a humiliating defeat in yesterday's debate. 政府在昨天的辩论中输得很难堪。
• He found it humiliating to have to ask for money. 被迫开口要钱，他觉得很丢脸。
adj. 丢脸的；羞辱性的
 - discreditable

Word: choral
Front: choral
[ˈkɔ:rəl] (10675/12871 -1)
Back: adj. 合唱队的; 合唱的; 圣诗队的
n. 赞美诗; 唱诗班; （唱赞美诗的）专业合唱团
分布：合唱队的(47%)，合唱的(45%)，集体朗诵的(8%)
→词源同choir, chorus.
US ['kɔ:r.əl] adjective
■of (music sung by) a choir or a chorus 唱诗班（演唱）的；合唱团的；合唱的
• choral music 合唱音乐
• a choral society 合唱团
adj. 合唱的；合唱队的
 - four-part
n. 赞美诗；唱诗班
 - psalmody, hymnody

Word: testament
Front: testament
[ˈtestəmənt] (宝 9393/4833 -1)
Vocabulary: testament
(once / 3147 pages)
n
A testament is a statement of belief. The most famous testaments are the two parts of the Christian Bible: the Old and New Testaments.
A testament states a belief or gives some kind of direction. The document people leave behind at death is known as the "last will and testament." It gives lawyers directions for dividing their possessions among family and friends. Also, you could say that an A in math class is a testament to your math skills. If you give to charity, that’s a testament to your character. Any testament is a strong statement of some kind.
WORD FAMILY
testament: testamentary, testaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
They did spend much of the fall as a testament to the weight of expectation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Another testament to the success of the program is the fact that most kids return to the program from one year to the next.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course, there is no better testament to the dangers of naïve optimism than “Candide.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [法] 遗嘱; （基督教）圣约书; 确实的证明; 誓约
分布：证明(76%)，圣经旧约(14%)，圣经新约(7%)，自白(3%)
→test-,见证，证明，-ment,名词后缀。
['tes.tə.mənt] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■proof 证明；验证
• The detail of her wildlife paintings is (a) testament to (= proof of) her powers of observation. 她画野生动物十分细致，这证明她有很强的观察能力。
n. [法] 遗嘱；圣约；确实的证明
 - will away, covenant

Word: anthropological
Front: anthropological
[ˌænθrəpə'lɒdʒɪkl] (10744/10824)
Back: adj. 人类学的
分布：人类学的(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
人类学
Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.

Word: induction
Front: induction
[ɪnˈdʌkʃn] (六宝 10709/7240 -1)
Vocabulary: induction
(once / 1715 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
After a baseball player's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, his name remains on the wall there for life. Induction is something that begins a process or a series of events.
In college, you rush a fraternity, become a pledge, and then receive a pin at the induction ceremony. The word has a meaning in an electrical context as well. When two wires touch each other, they conduct electricity. When the current passes wirelessly between two conductors, it's called induction.
WORD FAMILY
induction: inductions, self-induction+/ induct: inducted, inductee, inducting, induction, inductive, inducts/inductee: inductees/ inductive: inductively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Previously, the game was played on a Sunday night, one night after the inductions.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Being the best DH ever is a baseball honor and worthy of induction, not penalization,’’ he wrote.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Ali lost prime years as a fighter, refusing military induction during the Vietnam War.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 归纳（法）; （电或磁的）感应; 诱发; 就职，就职典礼
分布：感应(83%)，归纳法(10%)，就职(4%)，诱发(3%)
→来自induct,就职，入伍。
noun
INTRODUCTION 入门
countable or uncountable
■when someone is formally introduced into a new job or organization, especially through a special ceremony 就任；接纳会员；入门；就职仪式
• Their induction into the church took place in June. 他们的入教仪式在六月份举行。
• Her induction as councillor took place in the town hall. 她在市政厅就任市政会委员。
• an induction course/program/ceremony 入门课程／入门指导计划／就职仪式
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
CAUSING 引起
uncountable formal
■when someone or something causes an event or process to happen 诱导； 引发（事件、过程发生）
• the induction of labour 催生
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
THINKING 思维
uncountable specialized
■the process of discovering a general principle from a set of facts 归纳
[ɪn'dʌk.ʃən] noun
ELECTRICITY 电
uncountable specialized
■when electrical power goes from one object to another without the objects touching （电磁）感应
• an induction coil/motor 感应线圈／马达
inference, induction
这组词都有“推理、推论”的意思，其区别是：
inference: 侧重从前提得出结论的过程。
induction: 指从一系列具体的事实概括中一个一般的结论，即归纳法。
n. [电磁] 感应； [数] 归纳法；感应现象
 - reaction, inductive method

Word: ambivalent
Front: ambivalent
[æmˈbɪvələnt] (托宝 10693/11150 -1)
Vocabulary: ambivalent
(once / 7954 pages)
adj
If you can't decide how you feel about something, declare yourself ambivalent about it.
Ambivalent means "having mixed feelings about something." A Swiss psychologist named Eugen Bleuler coined the German word Ambivalenz in the early twentieth century, and it was soon imported into English. Bleuler combined the Latin prefix ambi-, meaning "both," with valentia, "strength." So etymologically speaking, if you're ambivalent you're being pulled by two equally strong things — but in practice, ambivalence often arises from caring very little either way. You might feel ambivalent about your lunch options if you have to choose between a murky stew and flavorless tofu.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ambiguous / ambivalent
Something ambiguous is unclear or vague, like the end of a short story that leaves you scratching your head. But if you're ambivalent about something, you can take it or leave it. Whatever.
Ambiguous is something that is confusing or has more than one meaning. It can be the ambiguous look your ex-girlfriend gives you as she leaves the library, or the ambiguous ending of the movie Lost Highway, where you don't know what the heck just happened. Here's the word in action from the news:
Are there threads you might come back to later, or was that a deliberate choice to leave some things about him ambiguous? (New York Times)
"The election law in New York is written in an ill-defined, ambiguous way," Goldfeder said, adding that he did not believe any laws were broken. (Reuters)
Ambivalent is when you don't hate something, but you don't love it either. Since you feel two ways about it, you don't really care. It's often used to describe feelings, attitudes, and relationships:
Danya, now nearly 14, was ambivalent about leaving, drawn toward being a teenager in New York City. (New York Times)
Valentine's Day When You're Dating a Woman You're Ambivalent About. (All Word News)
He had told me early on that he was ambivalent about his maleness but had made peace with it. (New York Times)
When choosing between ambiguous and ambivalent, consider whether you are describing something that is unclear or vague: that's ambiguous. If it's a fluctuation in attitude or feeling, that's ambivalent. If you're ambivalent about ambiguous movie endings, stay away from David Lynch and stick to blockbusters when the good guys win.
WORD FAMILY
ambivalent: ambivalence, ambivalency, ambivalently+/ ambivalence: ambivalences
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not a heartless portrayal, but it’s an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This Apollo performance was something of a comeback, but an ambivalent one.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Some who addressed the San Francisco library commission were ambivalent about the plan, including Librarians Guild representative Melissa Riley.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 对某物、某人或某境况具有矛盾情感的; 矛盾的
n. 两性人
分布：矛盾的(88%)，摇摆不定的(12%)
→前缀ambi-, 两边。词根val, 力量，见value. 指相同的力量，模糊。
【记】ambi两方面，val强大，力量，ent形容词后缀－两方面都有力量－有矛盾看法的ambi读：我必，lent借：我必借？借还是不借？－矛盾看法
【参】valiant（adj 勇敢的，英勇的）；valor（n 英勇，勇猛）
adjective
■having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how you feel （心情）矛盾的；模棱两可的，含糊不定的
• I felt very ambivalent about leaving home. 要离开家了，我心里喜忧参半。
• He has fairly ambivalent feelings towards his father. 他对父亲的感情很矛盾。
• an ambivalent attitude to exercise 既想锻炼又怕吃苦的态度
adj. 矛盾的；好恶相克的
 - contradictory, conflictive

Word: wrapper
Front: wrapper
[ˈræpə(r)] (10686/14995)
Back: n. 包装纸; 封皮; 封套; （食品等的）包装材料
分布：包装用品(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a piece of paper, plastic or other material which covers and protects something 包装材料；包装纸
• a UKsweet/ UScandy wrapper 糖果包装纸
US for * wrap (= loose piece of clothing)
n. [包装] 包装材料；包装纸；书皮
 - packages material, packing material

Word: worldly
Front: worldly
[ˈwɜ:ldli] (托 10714/13727 -1)
Vocabulary: worldly
(once / 418 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective worldly to describe people who have knowledge of many topics or experience in many areas. You don't have to travel the globe to be worldly; reading and talking about many things with knowledge and enthusiasm is worldly too.
While worldly often describes individuals who are sophisticated and well-rounded in education, travel, and experiences, it's also used for people who are rooted in the world or focused on physical and material things around them, rather than on spiritual matters. An old expression in religion is "She was too heavenly minded for worldly good," and it describes those who think about the spiritual or supernatural so much that they aren't worldly enough to get anything done.
WORD FAMILY
worldly: unworldly, worldlier, worldliest, worldliness +/underworld: underworlds/ world: underworld, worldly, worlds/ worldliness: worldlinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s a gritty, worldly insolence to them, and a sense of power,” he said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
This education seemed to be conducted via a vein that formed between the naive and worldly slime molds after two or three hours of fusion.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
By the standards of basketball coaches, they were worldly men with interests far beyond the court.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 世间的，世上的; 尘世的; 追逐名利的，鄙俗的
adv. 世俗地; 世故地
级别：worldlier, worldliest
分布：世俗的(66%)，世间的(27%)，善于处世的(7%)
【反】singular（adj 异常的）；naive（adj 天真的）
US ['wɝ:ld-] adjective
PHYSICAL 物质的
[before noun]
■relating to or consisting of physical things and ordinary life rather than spiritual things 物质的；尘世的；非精神的
• For many of the refugees, the clothes they are wearing are all the worldly goods (= possessions) they have. 对于这些难民中的许多人来说，身上穿的衣服就是他们在这世上拥有的全部财产。
• Her worldly success can hardly be denied. 她物质上的成功不可否认。
UK ['wɜ:ld.li] US ['wɝ:ld-] adjective
PRACTICAL 实际的
■practical and having a lot of experience of life 善于处世的；圆滑的
• She seems to be much more worldly than the other students in her class. 她似乎比班里的其他学生世故得多。
adj. 世俗的；世间的；尘世的
 - lay, mundane
adv. 世俗地；世故地
 - mundanely, carnally

Word: swarm
Front: swarm
[swɔ:m] (研四六托雅宝 8983/12158 -1)
Vocabulary: swarm
(once / 342 pages)
nv
A swarm is a good word for a large group of bees going on the attack — not good news. Like bees, any group of people or animals can be considered a swarm if they act together and quickly — even fiercely.
On a hot day, when an ice-cream truck shows up, it's usually greeted by a swarm of hot, hungry kids. People at a concert can be a swarm — and people in the swarm can be hurt, because there's lots of pushing and shoving. When tickets for a popular movie go on sale, a swarm of people will swarm the theater. As you can see, swarm works as either a noun or verb, and people could teach bees a thing or two about swarming.
WORD FAMILY
swarm: swarmed, swarming, swarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In late September, one such swarm began in the northern Brawley Seismic Zone, with three measuring above magnitude 4.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No injuries or damage were reported Sunday following what seismologists call a “swarm” of quakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was the tone-setting play on a night when Maryland’s swarming help defense forced 17 turnovers and compensated for a lack of height.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂群，一大群
vi. 泛滥，挤满; 云集，涌往; 成群地移动或出现; 成群飞离蜂巢，用于蜜蜂
时态：swarmed, swarming, swarms
分布：群(88%)，蜂群(6%)，云集(4%)，充满(2%)
→来自古英语 swearm,嗡嗡声，来自 Proto-Germanic*swarmaz,嗡嗡声，来自 swer,蜂鸣声， 耳语声，拟声词，词源同 absurd.
n.蜂群;一大群vi.涌往;挤满;云集;成群移动On the far farm the army's arms are kept warm by a swarm of bees.在远方的农场上,陆军的武器被一群蜜蜂保暖.
【记】a swarm of worms 一群虫子。
【参】swarm up（v 爬上）
US [swɔ:rm] noun
countable
■a large group of insects all moving together （一起移动的）一大群（昆虫）
• a swarm of bees/wasps/ants/locusts 一大群蜜蜂／黄蜂／蚂蚁／蝗虫
• The dead sheep was covered with swarms of flies. 这头死羊身上爬满一群群的苍蝇。
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a large group of people all moving together （蜂涌的）一大群（人）
• A swarm of /Swarms of journalists followed the film star's car. 成群结队的记者跟在这位电影明星的车后。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
■When insects swarm, they come together in a large group. 蜂涌，群集，成群结队地移动
■When people swarm somewhere, they move there in a large group or in large numbers （人）蜂涌，涌动
• After the game, thousands of football fans swarmed onto the pitch. 比赛后，成千上万的足球迷涌进球场。
UK [swɔ:m] US [swɔ:rm] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  swarm with sth
■If a place is swarming with people or things, there are large numbers of them moving around it 挤满，充满，云集
• The garden is swarming with wasps. 花园里到处都是黄蜂。
• Something must be going on - the town is swarming with police. 肯定发生了甚么事情——镇上来了很多员警。
herd, swarm, flock
这组词都有“群”的意思，其区别是：
herd: 一般指大动物的群，尤指家畜的群，也可指人群。
swarm: 通常指蜜蜂、昆虫等的群。
flock: 主要指鸟群、羊群；也指较小的动物群，也可指人群。
band, mob, masses, gang, swarm, group, throug, crowd
这组词都有“群，帮，伙”的意思，其区别是：
band: 多指一群有明确宗旨，为共同目的而结合在一起的人，常含贬义。
mob: 指无组织、乱七八糟凑合在一起的乌合之众，或指聚集在一起寻衅滋事的人群，多为暴徒。
masses: 指群众或人民大众。
gang: 常指从事非法、暴力或敌对活动的帮派或团伙。有时呈中性，词义同group。
swarm: 指人数众多，杂乱无章，不停移动的一群人。
group: 普通用词，通常指有组织、有秩序的一群人，也可指无意汇集在一起的一群人。
throug: 书面用词，意义接近crowd，侧重密集地挤在一起的一群，含挤在一起向前推进之意。
crowd: 常指无组织地乱哄哄地挤在一起的人群。
vi. 挤满；成群浮游；云集
 - burst at the seams, be packed with
n. [蜂] 蜂群；一大群
 - cloud, horde
vt. 挤满；爬
 - climb, burst at the seams

Word: fillet
Front: fillet
[ˈfɪlɪt] (宝 10721/15841 -1)
Vocabulary: fillet
(once / 2917 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v 5n
A fillet is a specially cut piece of meat or fish. If you order a fillet of salmon at a restaurant, it won't have any bones in it.
You can eat a fish fillet or a fillet of beef — either one will be boneless. If you cut a fillet yourself, you fillet the meat. The oldest meaning of the noun fillet, one that's rare today, is "a ribbon worn around the head." It comes from the French filet, the diminutive form of fil, or "thread." The meat meaning came from the technique of tying it with a string before it was cut.
WORD FAMILY
fillet: filleted, filleting, fillets, filletted, filletting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kashiba’s Crispy Rex Sole not only includes dainty fried fillets of fish but also the deep-fried skeleton, a crisp, salty, delicious bonus.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Divide between four shallow bowls and top each serving with a warm salmon fillet, skin side down, and a drizzle of the cooking juices.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Authorities say Fitz stabbed a woman employed by the bank with a fillet knife while demanding cash.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 肉片，鱼片; 头带，带状物; [建]平缘，木摺; [纹章学] 筋鞘
vt. 用带缚或装饰; 把（鱼、肉）切成片
时态：filleted, filleting, fillets
分布：束发带(51%)，切片(33%)，鱼片或肉片(16%)
→来自拉丁语filum,线，词源同 filament. 因这种鱼片用丝线穿在一起而得名。
【记】fill＝fili丝，et小－束发带
['fɪl.ɪt] UK (US filet)
noun countable or uncountable
■a piece of meat or fish without bones 无骨肉片；去骨鱼片
• a piece of cod fillet 一片鳕鱼片
• fillet of plaice 鲽鱼片
• small trout fillets 小鳟鱼片
• fillet steak 无骨牛排
• fillet of beef 去骨牛肉
['fɪl.ɪt] UK (US filet)
verb transitive
■to cut a piece of meat or fish from the bones 从骨头上切下（肉片或鱼片）；把（肉或鱼）切成片
n. 鱼片；头带； [建] 平边；饰线
 - filet, tenia
vt. 用带缚；把…切成片
 - slice up

Word: unreliable
Front: unreliable
[ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl] (六雅 10731/8419 -1)
Vocabulary: unreliable
(once / 3498 pages)
adj
Someone unreliable can't be trusted to do something. Things can be unreliable too, like a bike with a wobbly wheel.
The word "rely" is a clue to what unreliable means. When you can rely on something, you can count in it — it's reliable. On the other hand, you'd better not count on an unreliable person. People can be unreliable because they're dishonest, always late, bad at their job, or just inconsistent. Things can be unreliable because they're broken or old. A train schedule can be unreliable if the trains are never on time. Unfortunately, there's a lot of stuff in life that's unreliable, so be careful.
WORD FAMILY
unreliable: unreliability, unreliableness, unreliably+/ reliable: reliability, reliableness, reliably, unreliable / reliance: reliances, self-reliance/ reliant: reliantly, self-reliant/ rely: reliable, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying/unreliability: unreliabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emily Blunt stars as Rachel, a divorced alcoholic who becomes an unreliable and unlikely detective in this adaptation of Paula Hawkins’s best-selling novel.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
It played like an average, unreliable squad that settles for decency, squints when the lights are bright and fails to maximize its best attributes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In an email, he characterized the data in the report as “grossly inaccurate” and its conclusions “completely unreliable.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可靠的，靠不住的; 不能信任的
分布：不可靠的(100%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not able to be trusted or believed; not reliable 不可靠的；不能信赖的
• The bus service is unreliable. 公车服务不可靠。
• unreliable evidence 不可信的证据
adj. 不可靠的；靠不住的
 - uncertain, trustless

Word: life-threatening
Front: life-threatening
[laɪf 'θretnɪŋ] (-1)
Vocabulary: life-threatening
(once / 12061 pages)
adj
Something life-threatening is seriously dangerous, and it might even result in death. If someone has a life-threatening illness, it's severe enough that they may need to be hospitalized.
You can reassure your mom about the injuries you got when you were hiking up a mountain by saying, "Don't worry, my sprained ankle isn't life-threatening." In other words, it's not going to kill you. Things that are more likely to be life-threatening include cancer, bad head injuries, and run-ins with grizzly bears — they can indeed threaten your life.
WORD FAMILY
life-threatening
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is time that we erased these disparities, particularly for patients with life-threatening illnesses, for whom dental care and medical care are intertwined.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Authorities didn’t provide details about the officers’ injuries except to say they were not life-threatening.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Authorities say he suffered life-threatening injuries and was trapped inside the front section of the vehicle, which was broken into numerous pieces.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 威胁生命的
分布：威胁生命的(75%)，致命的(25%)
adjective
■A life-threatening disease is a very serious one that can cause death （疾病）致命的，危及生命的
• life-threatening diseases such as cancer 癌症等危及生命的疾病

Word: feeding
Front: feeding
[ˈfi:dɪŋ] (10712/12349)
Back: n. 给食; 喂; 饲养; 吃
adj. 给食的; 饲用的; 逐渐强烈的; 供给饲料的
v. 喂养( feed的现在分词 ); 满足（欲望等）; 向…提供; 供…作食物
分布：喂养(54%)，饲养(40%)，送料(5%)，动词feed的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
养;喂;饲养
If you feed a person or animal, you give them food to eat and sometimes actually put it in their mouths.
例：We brought along pieces of old bread and fed the birds...我们拿了几片陈面包来喂鸟。
例：She fed him a cookie...她给他吃了一块饼干。
VERB
供养，养活(家庭或群体)
To feed a family or a community means to supply food for them.
例：Feeding a hungry family can be expensive.养活饥肠辘辘的一家人花费很大。
例：...a food reserve large enough to feed the Sudanese population for many months.足够苏丹人吃好多个月的食物储备
VERB
(动物)吃食，进食
When an animal feeds, it eats or drinks something.
例：After a few days the caterpillars stopped feeding...几天后毛虫停止进食。
例：Slugs feed on decaying plant and animal material.蛞蝓以腐烂的动植物为食。
V-ERG
吃奶;给…喂奶
When a baby feeds, or when you feed it, it drinks breast milk or milk from a bottle.
例：When a baby is thirsty, it feeds more often...婴儿渴的时候，吃奶就会更频繁。
例：I knew absolutely nothing about handling or feeding a baby.我对如何抱婴儿、如何给婴儿喂食一无所知。
N-MASS
饲料
Animal feed is food given to animals, especially farm animals.
例：The grain just rotted and all they could use it for was animal feed.谷物完全烂掉了，他们能将其派上的唯一用场就是作动物饲料。
例：...poultry feed.家禽饲料
VERB
源源不断地供给;输送
To feed something to a place, means to supply it to that place in a steady flow.
例：...blood vessels that feed blood to the brain.将血液输送到大脑的血管
例：...gas fed through pipelines.通过管道输送的燃气
VERB
将…放到，将…投入(容器或装置中)
If you feed something into a container or piece of equipment, you put it into it.
例：He took the compact disc from her, then fed it into the player...他从她手里接过光盘，放入播放机中。
例：She was feeding documents into a paper shredder.她将文件放入碎纸机。
VERB
向…泄露(秘密);向…灌输,向…通报(虚假信息)
If someone feeds you false or secret information, they deliberately tell it to you.
例：He was surrounded by people who fed him ghastly lies...他周围的人都在给他灌输可怕的谎言。
例：At least one British officer was feeding him with classified information.至少有一个英国官员在向他提供机密情报。
VERB
加深，加强(厌恶或渴望)
If you feed someone's dislike or desire for something, you make it stronger.
例：The divorce was painfully public, feeding her dislike of the press.离婚的事张扬出去，她十分痛苦，更加厌恶媒体了。
VERB
给…施肥
If you feed a plant, you add substances to it to make it grow well.
例：Feed plants to encourage steady growth.给植物施肥促使其不断生长。
VERB
(因…而)壮大;(从…中)得到滋养
If one thing feeds on another, it becomes stronger as a result of the other thing's existence.
例：The drinking and the guilt fed on each other.酗酒和犯罪彼此助长。
VERB
将(信息)输入(计算机)
To feed information into a computer means to gradually put it into it.
例：An automatic weather station feeds information on wind direction to the computer.自动化气象站将风向信息输入计算机。
n. 饲养；吃；输送
 - breeding, eating, husbandry
v. 饲养（feed的ing形式）
 - raising

Word: tutoring
Front: tutoring
[ˈtju:tərɪŋ] (10749/24380)
Back: v. 当家庭教师( tutor的现在分词 ); 任大学导师; 任课
分布：导师(59%)，家庭教师(26%)，指导(12%)，当家庭教师(2%)，当导师(1%)
N-COUNT
(英国大学或学院中的)导师;(某些美国大学或学院中的)助教
A tutor is a teacher at a British university or college. In some American universities or colleges, a tutor is a teacher of the lowest rank.
例：He is course tutor in archaeology at the University of Southampton...他是南安普敦大学考古学课程导师。
例：Liam surprised his tutors by twice failing a second year exam.利亚姆两次都没能通过大二的一门考试，这让他的导师们很吃惊。
N-COUNT
家庭教师;私人教师
A tutor is someone who gives private lessons to one pupil or a very small group of pupils.
VERB
教授;指导;辅导
If someone tutors a person or a subject, they teach that person or subject.
例：The old man was tutoring her in the stringed instruments.那个老人在教她弹弦乐器。
例：...at the college where I tutored a two-day Introduction to Chairmaking course...在我曾教过为期两天的椅子制作入门课的那个学院
v. 辅导；教导（tutor的现在分词）；当家庭教师
 - teaching
n. 辅导
 - counselling, coaching

Word: dwindle
Front: dwindle
[ˈdwɪndl] (托雅宝 10733/11193 -1)
Vocabulary: dwindle
(once / 1038 pages)
v
What do love, money, and the earth all have in common? All can dwindle, or shrink away, if we don't handle them properly.
The word dwindle has a wonderfully descriptive, almost childlike sound to it, as though it belongs in a nursery rhyme. That might help you remember the meaning, which is to shrink away gradually, like the Cheshire Cat in "Alice in Wonderland," who dwindles away until nothing is left but his grin.
WORD FAMILY
dwindle: dwindled, dwindles, dwindling+/dwindling: dwindlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as the audience for printed newspapers continues to dwindle, some think it’s only a matter of time.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Those numbers dwindle as the months wear on, as family and work commitments interfere, but there are normally enough — just — to get a game together.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
As funds dwindle, retirement ages are creeping up.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 减少，变小，缩小; 衰落，变坏，退化
时态：dwindled, dwindling, dwindles
分布：减少(79%)，缩小(21%)
→词源同dye, 死亡，消逝。-le, 表反复，逐渐。即减少，逐渐消亡。
【记】象wind的一样消逝－逐渐减少
【区】swindle（v /n 诈骗）钱象wind一样的s掉了－被诈骗了
【反】increase（v 增加）；proliferate（v 激增）
verb intransitive
■to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number 减小；降低；减少
• The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years. 该社区在过去的两年里缩小到了原来的十分之一。
• Her hopes of success in the race dwindled last night as the weather became worse. 随着昨晚天气的恶化，她在比赛中获胜的希望减小了。
diminish, dwindle, lessen, decrease, reduce
这组词都有“减少，变少”的意思，其区别是：
diminish: 侧重大小数量和重要性的不断减小，强调减小的部分。
dwindle: 与decrease同义，指逐渐减小，但强调变得越来越少终至全无。
lessen: 普通用词，与decrease近义。指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少。
decrease: 指逐渐地、不断地减少。
reduce: 普通用词，含义广。指数量、程度的降低或减少。
vi. 减少；变小
 - to cut down, fall off
vt. 使缩小，使减少
 - shrink, astrict

Word: stash
Front: stash
[stæʃ] (托宝 10715/21210 -1)
Vocabulary: stash
(once / 9322 pages)
vn
When you stash something, you stow it away to use it later. Your little brother might stash his Halloween candy under his bed, for example.
Use the word stash as a verb that means "hoard" or "stockpile," or as a noun — a pirate's secret pile of gold doubloons can be called a stash, and so can the collection of overdue library books you've got piled beside your bed. The verb version of stash was originally a late 1700's criminals' slang word meaning "conceal." It may have come from a combination of stow and cache.
WORD FAMILY
stash: stashed, stashes, stashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also where I stash away a few flavour-packed preparations too.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The Finance Ministry found enormous stashes of new currency bills secreted away by corrupt bank managers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A Dallas attorney’s correspondence suggests a surprising possibility: that the stash is a Chinese billionaire’s retirement fund.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 隐（贮）藏物; （旧）藏身处
v. 隐藏，藏匿; 贮藏; 〈英〉停止
时态：stashed, stashing, stashes
分布：隐藏(58%)，隐藏地点(14%)，隐藏物(14%)，储藏(14%)
→可能合成自 stow,存放，放置，cache,隐藏处，贮藏。
【记】st＝stay，ash－停留在灰里－藏匿
informal
verb transitive
■to store or hide something, especially a large amount 存放，藏匿（尤指大量物品）
• The stolen pictures were stashed (away) in a London warehouse. 失窃的画被藏匿在伦敦的一个仓库里。
vt. 存放；贮藏
 - store, deposit
vi. 存放；藏起来
 - put out of sight, trust with

Word: extra
Front: extra
[ˈekstrə] (高研四六雅 1543/1080 -K4)
Vocabulary: extra
(once / 195 pages)
1adjadvn 2n 3n
Something extra is more than you need or more than you usually have. It's never a bad idea to bake extra chocolate chip cookies.
Sometimes extra things are good, like the extra money you made this month or the extra attention you get on your birthday. Other times, they're not so great: nobody needs extra problems or extra traffic. Extra can also be an adverb, meaning "especially" or "unusually," like when your dog behaves extra well or you plan an extra special party for your friend. Extra comes from extraordinary, from the Latin root extra ordinem, "outside normal events."
WORD FAMILY
extra: extraly, extras
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shoe in question was the Nike Air Rift, or “split-toe” inspired by Kenyan barefoot distance runners allowing extra toe movement.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He also granted Roof's request for an extra day to prepare for his case.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Hull City of Culture team said the delay was to allow extra time for those with tickets to get onto the marina.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 额外的，补充的，附加的; 特大的，特别的
n. 附加物，额外的事物; 临时演员; 号外; 上等产品，上品
adv. 额外地; 格外地，特别地
分布：额外的(92%)，临时演员(5%)，特别地(2%)，额外之物(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-ter, 比较级后缀，见alternate.
额外的[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
a.额外的,附加的n.附加物,额外的东西The extra theme of the supreme scheme is an extreme secret.至高无上的计划的额外主题是个极端机密.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■added to what is normal 额外的；附加的
• If you need any extra help, just call me. 如果还需要其他的帮助，尽管打电话给我。
• Recently he's been working an extra two hours a day. 最近他每日都加班两小时。
• The price includes travel and accommodation but meals are extra (= there is an additional charge for meals). 这个价格包括旅费和住宿费，但是餐费要另计。
['ek.strə] adjective
go the extra mile
■to make more effort than is expected of you 付出比别人期望中还要大的努力
• He's a nice guy, always ready to go the extra mile for his friends. 他是个好人，帮助朋友总是尽心尽力。
['ek.strə] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■more 额外地；另外；外加
• They pay her extra to work nights. 她上夜班会有额外补贴。
• We agreed on a price but afterwards they wanted £10 extra. 本来我们讲好了价格，但是后来他们想再加十英镑。
• I worked extra hard (= more than usual) on that essay. 我在那篇文章上格外下功夫。
['ek.strə] noun countable
SOMETHING MORE 附加的
 IMPROVER
■something that you can get with something else if you pay a little more money 另外付费就可额外得到的东西
• A sunroof is an optional extra on this model of the car. 购买这款汽车，就可以选择搭配一款额外收费的天窗。
['ek.strə] noun countable
FILMS 电影
■a person in a film who does not have a speaking part and who is usually part of the scene , for example, in a crowd （电影中的）临时演员，群众演员
['ek.strə] noun countable
CRICKET 板球
■In cricket, an extra is a point given to one team if the other team makes an illegal mistake when bowling. 额外得分（板球中一队在敌队发球犯规时所得的分数）
additional, extra, supplementary
这组词都有“另加的，额外的”的意思，其区别是：
additional: 由名词additon派生出的形容词，指在原有基础上添加上去的。
extra: 指不包括本身而额外加上去的部分。
supplementary: 由名词supplement派生而来，指对原有的追加或补究。
adv. 特别地，非常；另外
 - specifically, particularly, badly, highly, greatly, too
n. 临时演员；号外；额外的事物；上等产品
 - walker-on, special edition
adj. 额外的， [经] 另外收费的；特大的
 - additional, added, excess

Word: shortstop
Front: shortstop
['ʃɔ:tstɒp] (10704/-)
Back: n. 游击，速显液
分布：游击手的位置(100%)
N-COUNT
(棒球运动中在第二垒与第三垒之间的)游击手
In baseball, a shortstop is a player who tries to stop balls that go between second and third base.

Word: rejoice
Front: rejoice
[rɪˈdʒɔɪs] (研四六雅宝 10736/8553 -1)
Vocabulary: rejoice
(once / 165 pages)
v
To rejoice is to be incredibly happy, or to express your incredible happiness. If you just won millions in the lottery, you might rejoice by screaming at the top of your lungs.
The verb rejoice is like to celebrate but it’s taken to more of an extreme than just a celebration. You might rejoice after scoring the winning goal in a championship game, or you might rejoice when you receive an amazing gift on your birthday. You’ll often hear this word in the phrase “let us rejoice,” especially in some religious settings.
WORD FAMILY
rejoice: rejoiced, rejoices, rejoicing +/ rejoicing: rejoicingly, rejoicings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rejoice: After three years away, the hit BBC series “Sherlock” is back for three new episodes of buddy comedy and intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Let us rejoice in this season and look forward with renewed hope and determination.”
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Angels rejoice, dumb animals recognise the weight of this moment, and all eyes are on the child who will redeem the world.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 高兴; 欢庆
vt. 使高兴; 使欢喜
时态：rejoiced, rejoicing, rejoices
分布：动词(100%)
→re-,表强调，joy,开心的，-ice,名词后缀。词性由名词作动词使用。
v.(使)欣喜,(使)高兴Her rejoicing voice is void of something avoidable.她那令人高兴的声音缺少某种可避免的东西.
【记】re反复，jo＝joy，ice：在夏天反复用ice使你joy－使高兴rejoice是“飘柔”的商标
【反】grouse（v 埋怨；抱怨）
[rɪ'dʒɔɪs] formal
verb intransitive
■to feel or show great happiness about something 非常高兴；深感欣喜；充满喜悦
• Everyone rejoiced at the news of his safe return. 听到他安全返回的消息，大家都欣喜万分。
• She rejoiced in her good fortune. 她为自己的好运高兴不已。
• [+ to infinitive] I rejoiced to see that she had made such a quick recovery. 看到她这么快就痊愈了，我非常高兴。
vi. 高兴；庆祝
 - pleasure, be pleased
vt. 使高兴
 - glad, pleasure, satisfy

Word: unequal
Front: unequal
[ʌnˈi:kwəl] (10746/9802 -1)
Back: adj. 不平等的; 不均匀的; 不规则的; 不胜任的
n. 不相等的人
分布：不平等的(73%)，不相等的(16%)，不胜任的(11%)
不平等的(un+equal平等的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
NOT THE SAME 不相同的 formal
■different in size, level, amount, etc. （尺寸、水准、数量等）不相等的，不同的
• She cut two slices of noticeably unequal size. 她切的两片大小明显不一样。
[ʌn'i:.kwəl] adjective
NOT FAIR 不公平的
■not treating everyone the same; unfair 不公平的，不平等的
• Until women are paid as much as men, they will be competing on unequal terms. 在男女同工同酬前，妇女将会一直在不平等的条件下与男人竞争。
• They have a rather unequal relationship. 他们之间的关系相当不平等。
[ʌn'i:.kwəl] adjective
NOT ABLE 不能的
be unequal to sth formal
■to not have the necessary ability, power or qualities to achieve something 对…不能胜任；对…力所不及
• He tried to cheer her up but found himself unequal to the task. 他想让她高兴起来，但发现他根本无法做到。
adj. [数] 不平等的；不规则的；不胜任的
 - abnormal, inequal

Word: suggestive
Front: suggestive
[səˈdʒestɪv] (宝 10711/11617 -1)
Vocabulary: suggestive
(once / 769 pages)
adj
The adjective suggestive is useful when one thing indicates or hints at something else. Your constant yawning, for example, is suggestive of how tired you are.
Scientists and researchers often use the word suggestive to describe results that indicate a strong possibility of something without decisively proving it: "This is suggestive evidence of life on other planets." Sometimes, suggestive is used to describe something inappropriate or obscene: "Parents always think popular music's lyrics are too suggestive." This meaning came about in the late 1800's, more than two hundred years after suggestive first appeared in the language from the verb suggest.
WORD FAMILY
suggestive: suggestively+/ suggest: suggested, suggester, suggestible, suggesting, suggestion, suggestive, suggests/suggester: suggesters/suggestible: suggestibility/ suggestion: self-suggestion, suggestions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some scenes in the trailer are a little more suggestive, though there might be a public indecency law broken in one of them.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Fences,” a Paramount Pictures release, is rated PG-13 by the Motion Picture Association of America for “thematic elements, language and some suggestive references.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In this patient, they were borderline — not clearly low in the legs, but suggestive of PAD.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 提示的; 暗示的，提醒的; 引起联想的; 富于暗示的
分布：暗示的(64%)，挑逗性的(13%)，影射的(13%)，提示性的(10%)
→suggest,提议，建议，-ive,形容词后缀。引申比喻义带有性暗示的，性挑逗的等。
adjective
SEXUAL 性的
■often used to describe something that makes people think about sex 性暗示的，性挑逗的
• Some of his lyrics are rather suggestive. 他一些歌的歌词相当挑逗。
[sə'dʒes.tɪv] adjective
GIVE IDEA 启发的 formal
■If something is suggestive of something else, it makes you think about it 暗示的；引起联想的；启发的
• The amplified sounds are suggestive of dolphins chatting to each other under the sea. 那些放大的声音使人联想到海豚在海底的窃窃私语。
adj. 暗示的；提示的；影射的
 - implicit, insinuative

Word: arid
Front: arid
[ˈærɪd] (托宝 10724/11526 -1)
Vocabulary: arid
(once / 1424 pages)
1adj 2adj
Arid is so dry that nothing will grow. Death Valley in California features an arid climate, which is why it's called Death Valley and not Life Valley.
Arid can also mean terribly dull or lifeless. A textbook about the climate of Death Valley might be called arid if it's written in an uninteresting way. Just like you wouldn't want to live in an arid climate, you wouldn't want to sit through an arid performance of the film-turned-musical, "Some Like it Hot."
WORD FAMILY
arid: aridest, aridity, aridly, aridness, semiarid+/aridity: aridities
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than 100,000 cheetahs prowled Africa's arid grasslands little more than a century ago.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They herd llamas and goats on arid land, knit Andean hats for extra money and chew coca leaves to fight off the altitude’s dizzying effects.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The Lut Desert also offers a less uplifting lesson—at least for people living on the knife edge of sustainability in arid regions.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 干旱的，干燥的; 贫瘠的，荒芜的，不毛的; 枯燥无味的，无趣的
分布：干燥的(60%)，枯燥的(20%)，无趣的(8%)，不毛的(8%)，没有生气的(4%)
→来自词根ar, 同ard, 火，烧。
干旱的[ar=dry(干)]
【记】a一个，ri拼：日，d读：的。一个日的。什么都没有，只有一个太阳的地方－沙漠－干旱的，枯燥的
【反】damp（adj 潮湿的）
US ['er-] adjective
■very dry and without enough rain for plants 干燥的，干旱的
• The desert is so arid that nothing can grow there. 沙漠中极其干旱，寸草不生。
■formal
■unsuccessful 不成功的；无结果的
• After several arid years, the company has started to become successful. 经过了几个不景气的年头后，公司已经开始走向成功发展之路。
■formal
■not interesting and showing no imagination 枯燥的；无创见的，无新意的
• I found his writing extremely arid. 我觉得他写的东西毫无新意。
adj. [气候] 干旱的；不毛的， [农] 荒芜的
 - hungry, waste, desert

Word: down
Front: down
[daʊn] (中高托宝 118/102 -K2)
Vocabulary: down
(once / 8 pages)
1advadjvn 2v 3advadj 4adj 5adj 6adv 7adv 8adv 9adjv 10n 11n
The adverb down means "from a higher place to a lower one," like when a person climbs down a ladder or a waiter puts a tray full of cakes down on a table.
Anything that moves lower — in height, location, or volume — is down, so you can travel down south, tell your dog to get down, or turn your loud music down. Down can also refer to a mood or condition; if you're feeling down, you're sad, and if your computer is down, it's not working. Another meaning of down is the soft feathers of a young bird, which is sometimes used to fill coats or comforters.
WORD FAMILY
down: downed, downer, downlike, downly, downs, downy +/downer: downers/ downy: downier, downiest, downily, downiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or you decide to cut down on alcohol but you keep drinking.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Finally, as the turtle slowed down, he positioned the boat near the fatigued animal.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A strong El Niño brought high temperatures early in the year; a follow-up La Niña cooled things back down.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. （坐、倒、躺）下; 向下; （表示范围或顺序的限度）下至
prep. （从高处）向下; （表示位置）在…的下方; （表示方向）沿着…向下; （表示时间）自…以来
adj. 向下的; 沮丧的; 计算机或计算机系统停机; （以…）落后于对手的
n. （鸟的）绒羽; 绒毛; 软毛; 汗毛
vt. 放下; （尤指大口或快速地）喝下; 使摔倒; 击落（敌机等）
vi. [常用于祈使句中]下去; 下来; 卧倒; 下降
时态：downed, downing, downs
分布：向下(55%)，向下的(10%)，绒毛(10%)，击倒(7%)，被抑制(4%)，汗毛(4%)，吞下(3%)，打败(3%)，无礼的(2%)，消沉的(1%)，沿着 ... 而下(1%)
→来自古英语dun, 山地，山丘，堡垒，词源同downs, town. 进一步来自dheue, 关闭，围，圈住，居住地，词源同dune, town. 词义由山上过渡到下山，在16世纪开始做为副词使用，这种词义演变在所有日耳曼语系同源词中仅发生在英语。down 绒羽
ad.下;由大到小prep.沿着...而下a.向下的Shut in the hut, I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难.
adverb
LOWER POSITION 更低位置
 ESSENTIAL
■in or towards a low or lower position, from a higher one 在下面；向下，朝下
• Is this UKlift/ USelevator going down? 这部电梯是向下开的吗？
• Don't look down! You'll get dizzy. 别朝下看！你会头晕的。
• The sun's going down and it'll be dark soon. 太阳要落下去了，天很快就要黑了。
• The space capsule came down in the ocean. 太空舱落入了海里。
• I bent down to look under the bed. 我弯下腰朝床底下看了看。
 ESSENTIAL
■moving from above and onto a surface 往下，向下，朝下
• Just as I was sitting down to watch TV, the phone rang. 我正准备坐下看电视的时候，电话响了。
• Why don't you lie down on the sofa for a while? 你为甚么不在沙发上躺一会儿呢？
• This box is really heavy - can we put it down (on the floor) for a minute? 这个箱子确实很重——我们把它放下（搁到地板上）歇一会儿好吗?
• Get down off that table immediately, you silly girl! 你这个傻丫头，马上从桌子上下来！
• The terrorists forced everybody to lie face down (= with the front part of the body below) on the floor. 恐怖分子强迫大家面朝下趴在地板上。
 IMPROVER
■firmly in place or into position 固定（的），牢固（的）
• I put the loose floorboard back and nailed it down. 我把松动的地板块放回去用钉子钉牢。
• He held my arms down by my sides. 他把我的手臂按在我身体的两侧。
[daʊn] adverb
LOWER LEVEL 更低水准
 ESSENTIAL
■in or towards a lower level, a smaller amount or a simpler state 降低；减少；减弱
• The rate of inflation is finally going down. 通货膨胀率终于下降了。
• Turn the TV down - it's way too loud! 把电视机的声音关小一点——实在太吵了！
• The nurse bandaged my sprained ankle to keep the swelling down (= to limit the swelling). 护士给我包扎扭伤的脚踝以控制肿胀。
• If you wait a few months, the price will come down. 如果你等上几个月，价格就会降下来。
• Milan were three goals down (= losing by three goals) at half-time. 半场结束时米兰队落后三球。
• The number of students at this school has gone down from 500 last year to 410. 这所学校的学生人数从去年的500人降到了410人。
[daʊn] adverb
DESTROY 毁坏
 IMPROVER
■If you burn, cut or knock something or someone down, you cause them to fall to the ground, usually damaged, destroyed or injured 倒，垮，塌
• The house burned down many years ago. 许多年以前这座房子就被烧毁了。
• These trees will have to be cut down to make way for the new road. 为了修建新公路，不得不将这些树砍掉。
• UK She was knocked down by a car and killed instantly. 她被车撞倒后即时死亡。
[daʊn] adverb
IN WRITING 以书面形式
 IMPROVER
■in writing or on paper 以书面形式；写在纸上
• I'll write it down now so I won't forget. 我现在要把它写下来以免忘了。
• Do you have it down in writing/on paper , or was it just a verbal agreement? 你有书面的东西吗？还是只是口头协定？
• I've got/put you down for (= have written that you want) three tickets each. 我已经记下了你们每人要三张票。
• The police officers were taking down the names of witnesses. 警官们正在记录证人的姓名。
[daʊn] adverb
FAR 遥远的
 IMPROVER
■used, especially with prepositions, to emphasize that a place is far from you or from somewhere considered to be central 在远方，在远处
• I'll meet you down at the club after work. 下班后我会到俱乐部找你。
• He has a house down by the harbour. 他在港湾那边有一座房子。
• I'm going down to the shop to buy some milk. 我要去商店买些牛奶。
■in or towards the south 在南部；向南方
• Things are much more expensive down (in the) south. 南方的东西要贵许多。
• My parents live down in Florida, but they come up to Chicago every summer. 我父母住在南方的佛罗里达，但他们每年夏天都要来芝加哥。
• We're moving down to London. 我们要南下搬到伦敦去了。
[daʊn] adverb
OLDER TO YOUNGER 由老到幼
■from an older person to a younger one 传下去（的），传给下一代（的）
• The necklace has been passed/handed down through seven generations. 这条项链已经传了七代人了。
• These myths have come down to us from prehistoric times. 这些神话从史前一直流传至今。
[daʊn] adverb
EATING 进食
■inside your stomach 在肚子里
• You'll feel better once you've got some hot soup down you. 喝点热汤你就会感觉舒服一些。
• He's getting weak because he can't keep anything down. 他吃了甚么食物都吐，因此他的身体变得越来越虚弱了。
[daʊn] adverb
MONEY 钱
■at the time of buying 购买时
• I gave him £1000 down, and paid the rest in instalments. 我付给他1000英镑，其余货款分期支付。
[daʊn] adverb
be down on sb informal
■to criticize someone 批评（某人）
• It's not fair of the boss to be so down on a new employee. 老板这样批评一位新员工有些不公平。
[daʊn] adverb
come / go down in the world mainly UK
■to lose the money and high social rank that you had in the past 失势，没落
• Fancy her taking a job like that - she's certainly come down in the world! 她竟然会去做那样的工作——她肯定是失势了！
[daʊn] adverb
down sb's way
■in the (distant) place where someone lives 在（某人）居住的地方，在（某人）那里
• Down our way people don't take much interest in politics. 在我们那里人们对政治不太感兴趣。
[daʊn] adverb
down under UK and US informal
■(in or to) Australia or New Zealand 在澳大利亚（或纽西兰）；到澳大利亚（或纽西兰）
• She was born in Scotland, but she's been living down under for 22 years. 她生在苏格兰，但一直在澳大利亚生活了22年。
[daʊn] adverb
(right) down to
■even including the following small or not important things or people 甚至包括，就连…也包括在内
• Amalie was dressed completely in black, right down to black lipstick and a black earring. 爱蜜莉一身黑色打扮，就连口红和耳环也是黑色的。
• Everyone, from the Director down to the secretaries, was questioned by the police. 每个人，上至主管下至秘书，都受到了警方的盘问。
[daʊn] adverb
Down with sb/sth !
■something you say, write or shout to show your opposition to someone or something, and to demand that they are removed from power or destroyed 打倒…！
[daʊn] adverb
One / Two , etc. down , one / two etc. to go.
■an expression which is used to mean that you have done or dealt with the first, second, etc. of a series of things and have yet to do or deal with the rest 已经完成了一／两个，还有一／两个没完成呢
• "Have you done your essays?" "Two down, three to go." “你的论文写完了吗?”“已经写好两篇了，还剩三篇没写呢。”
[daʊn] preposition
LOWER POSITION 更低位置
 ESSENTIAL
■in or towards a low or lower position, from a higher one 在下面；向下，朝下
• I slid down the hill. 我顺着山坡滑了下来。
• Aikiko fell down some stairs and broke her wrist. 爱子在楼梯上滑了一跤，手腕骨折了。
[daʊn] preposition
ALONG 沿着
 ESSENTIAL
■along 沿着，顺
• We drove down the motorway as far as Bristol. 我们沿着高速公路一直开到了布里斯托。
• Her office is down the corridor on the right. 她的办公室在走廊那头的右侧。
• They sailed the boat down the river (= towards the sea). 他们沿着这条河驾船驶向大海。
[daʊn] preposition
TO 向
 ADVANCED UK not standard
■to 到，向，朝
• I went down the pub with my mates. 我和同伴去了酒吧。
Compare up
[daʊn] preposition
down the drain (Australian also down the gurgler) informal
■If work or money is or goes down the drain, it is spoiled or wasted 付诸东流，打水漂
• If the factory closes, that will be a million pounds' worth of investment down the drain. 如果工厂关闭，那么100万英镑的投资就付诸流水了。
[daʊn] preposition
down the toilet (UK also down the pan) informal
■If something is or goes down the toilet, it is wasted or spoiled 被浪费；遭毁坏
• After the drugs scandal, his career went down the toilet. 经过这次毒品丑闻，他的职业生涯算是毁了。
[daʊn] preposition
down the road/line/track
■in the future 将来
• We have an idea to develop a talking book, but a marketable product is a long way down the road. 我们想开发一种会说话的书，但要拿出有销路的产品还有很长的路要走。
[daʊn] verb transitive
LOWER POSITION 更低位置
■to cause something or someone to fall to the ground 使跌倒，使倒下；使掉下
• We downed three enemy planes with our missiles. 我们用导弹击落了三架敌机。
• The ice storm has downed trees and power lines all over the region. 冰暴在整个地区击倒树木，刮落电线。
[daʊn] verb transitive
EAT 进食
■to eat or drink something quickly 一口气吃下；一口气喝下
• He'd downed four beers before I'd finished one. 我一杯啤酒还没喝完，他就已经一口气喝下四杯了。
[daʊn] verb transitive
DEFEAT 击败 US to defeat someone, especially in sport （尤指在比赛中）打败，击败，战胜
• The Yankees downed the Red Sox 7-0. 扬基队以7-0的比数打败了红袜队。
[daʊn] verb transitive
down tools UK
■to refuse to continue working, especially because you are not satisfied with the amount you are being paid or with your working conditions （尤指因对工资或工作条件不满而）停工，罢工
• The printers are threatening to down tools if the pay offer is not increased to 8%. 印刷工人威胁说，如果工资不增长8%就停工。
[daʊn] adjective
UNHAPPY 不高兴的
 ADVANCED
■unhappy; unable to feel excited or energetic about anything 不高兴的；情绪低落的，提不起精神的
• She's been really down since her husband died. 自从丈夫去世后她一直郁郁寡欢。
• I've been (feeling) a bit down this week. 这周我有点情绪低落。
§/daʊn/ down 1 adjective
NOT IN OPERATION 未运作
 ADVANCED [after verb] specialized
■(of a system or machine, especially a computer) not in operation or not working, usually only for a limited period of time （尤指电脑等系统或机器）停止运作
• The network will be down for an hour for routine maintenance. 网路将停止运行一小时以进行日常维护。
• The whole system's gone down. 整个系统都停止运行了。
⇒ See also downtime
[daʊn] adjective
kick/hit sb when they are down
■to take unfair advantage of someone when they are in a weak position 趁人之危
• It's typical of the boss to kick someone when they're down. 趁人之危是这个老板的典型手法。
[daʊn] noun
FEATHERS 羽毛
uncountable
■small soft feathers, especially those from a young bird 羽绒
• goose/duck down 鹅／鸭绒
• a down jacket/pillow/sleeping bag (= a jacket/pillow/sleeping bag filled with down) 羽绒上衣／枕头／睡袋
[S or U]
■very soft thin hair 绒毛
[daʊn] noun
DISLIKE 不喜欢
have a down on sb UK informal
■to dislike someone, often unfairly 不喜欢（某人），对（某人）有偏见
• Why do you have a down on him? I think he seems really nice. 你为甚么不喜欢他？我觉得他非常不错。
⇒ See also downs
adv. 向下，下去；在下面
 - below, under
adj. 向下的
 - descensive
n. 软毛， [植] 绒毛； [地质] 开阔的高地
 - pubescence, fur
prep. 沿着，往下
 - along with
vt. 打倒，击败
 - defeat, floor, fell
vi. 下降；下去
 - decline, descend

Word: attributable
Front: attributable
[əˈtrɪbjətəbl] (10740/8052 -1)
Vocabulary: attributable
(once / 4149 pages)
adj
The adjective attributable describes something that is capable of indicating or explaining a cause. Just because your parent found small fingerprints on the fridge and a chair against the counter, it does not mean the mess in the kitchen is attributable to you — it just seems like it!
Attributable comes from the Latin word attribuere, meaning assign or bestow. Attributable is related to the words attribute, which is both a noun and a verb, and attributions, which is a noun. You latest promotion is attributable to your hard work. You work ethic is one of your best attributes, and you can attribute that to the way your parents raised you.
WORD FAMILY
attributable: unattributable+/ attribute: attributable, attributed, attributes, attributing, attribution, attributive, reattribute/ attribution: attributions/attributive: attributively/reattribute: reattributes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manufacturers were asked to submit all factors that contributed to price increases, and percentages attributable to each factor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The health department said over half those deaths would most likely be attributable to fentanyl, also a record.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The island nation is crippled by non-communicable diseases, and missing limbs attributable to diabetes are a common sight.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可归因于…的; 由…引起的
分布：可归因于 ... 的(100%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective [after verb]
■caused by 归因于…的；由于…的
• Do you think that these higher-than-average temperatures are attributable to global warming? 你认为这种较正常水准偏高的气温是全球暖化引起的吗？

Word: doorstep
Front: doorstep
[ˈdɔ:step] (10738/6432 -1)
Back: n. 门阶; 厚三明治或面包
v. 上门访问
分布：门阶(100%)
US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
STEP 台阶
■a step in front of an outside door （门前的）台阶
• Don't keep her on the doorstep (= outside the door) , Jamie, invite her in. 别让她在门口站着了，杰米，请她进来吧。
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
BREAD 面包 UK a very thick piece of bread 厚面包片
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
on sb's doorstep informal
■very close to where someone is or lives 靠近（某人）；在（某人）家附近
• There's a lovely park right on our doorstep. 离我们住处不远有个很漂亮的公园。
UK ['dɔ:.step] US ['dɔ:r-] verb (-pp-)
transitive often passive UK disapproving
■If you are doorstepped by journalists , they come to your house and ask you to speak or answer questions, even if you do not want them to 强行上门采访
• He complained about being doorstepped by the press. 他对报社记者强行上门采访颇有微词。
intransitive or transitive
■to go to every house in a particular area selling something or asking for support （某一地区）每家每户进行推销或寻求支持
n. 门阶
 - perron

Word: ill
Front: ill
[ɪl] (中高 2945/1955 -K4)
Vocabulary: ill
(once / 53 pages)
1adjadvn 2adjadv
If you're ill, you're unwell, or sick. Being ill is a good excuse for missing work or school.
You might get ill after being sneezed on by someone with a cold; or eating street food in a foreign country; or for no reason that you can point to. People can be mentally ill as well as physically ill, from depression or anxiety among other ailments. Ill can also mean "bad" in various ways, including when you suffer ill effects from going too long without sleep, or exercise ill judgment when you buy $500 worth of lottery tickets.
WORD FAMILY
ill: iller, illness, ills+/illness: illnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
We live in the same city, and are close. he day the baby was born, doctors thought she might be seriously ill.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Trump’s recent comments bode ill for federal investments in cyberdefense.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Hurricanes found themselves in a pinch when Lack fell ill before Saturday night’s game at Tampa Bay.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 不好的; 恶意的; 有病的; 不吉利的
adv. 坏; 不利地; 令人不满地
n. 伤害; 困难; 问题; 弊端
分布：坏话(42%)，有病的(12%)，坏的(11%)，不幸(10%)，祸害(8%)，邪恶(6%)，恶劣地(5%)，恶意的(3%)，勉强地(2%)，引起痛苦的(1%)
→来自中古英语ille,邪恶的，不道德的，来自elk,伤口，脓疮，词源同ulcus,ulcerous.最终词义又回归其词源义生病的，疾病的。
a.有病的;坏的;恶意的ad.坏地;不利地The ill man had a pill and sat on the pillar in stillness until now.那个坏人吃了一颗药丸后静止不动地坐在柱子上直到现在.
adjective
NOT WELL 不舒服的
 ESSENTIAL
■not feeling well, or suffering from a disease 生病的；不舒服的
• I felt ill so I went home. 我感到不舒服，于是就回家了。
• He's been ill with meningitis. 他得了脑膜炎。
• Sophia fell ill] was taken ill (= became ill) while on holiday. 索菲娅在休假时生病了。
• He is critically (= very badly) ill in hospital. 他在住院，病得很重。
[ɪl] adjective
BAD 坏的
[before noun] formal or old-fashioned
■bad 坏的；恶劣的
• ill health 恶劣的健康状况
• Did you experience any ill effects from the treatment? 你感到治疗有甚么副作用吗？
[ɪl] adjective
be ill at ease
■to be worried and not relaxed 不安，不自在
• He seemed ill at ease and not his usual self. 他似乎不大自在，不像平时的他。
[ɪl] adjective
It's an ill wind (that blows nobody any good). saying
■said to show that even a very bad situation must have some good results 天下无绝对的坏事。
[ɪl] adverb literary
■badly 坏；恶劣地
• He treated her very ill. 他对她很不好。
speak ill of sb formal or old-fashioned
■to say unkind things about someone 说（某人）的坏话
• I realize one shouldn't speak ill of the dead. 我体会到不应该说死人的坏话。
augur/bode ill formal or old-fashioned
■to be a sign of bad things in the future 是凶兆，不是好兆头
• This weather bodes ill for the garden party tonight. 这种天气对今晚的园游会不是好兆头。
can ill afford (to do sth) formal or old-fashioned
■If you can ill afford to do something, it will cause problems for you if you do it 经不起（做…）；一旦…就会遇麻烦
• We can ill afford to lose another member of staff. 我们可经不起再失去一位员工了。
[ɪl] noun
uncountable formal or old-fashioned
■harm 坏；伤害
• I wish her no ill. 我并不希望她倒楣。
countable usually plural
■a problem 问题，弊病
• There seems to be no cure for Britain's economic/social ills. 英国经济／社会的弊病似乎无可救药。
ill, sick
ill: 做表语,
sick: 定,表均可 a sick boy
ill, poor, bad, evil, wicked
这组词都有“坏的”的意思，其区别是：
ill: 与evil意义接近，但语气弱一些，常指道德或性质方面的不良。
poor: 普通用词，侧重指事物的质量或数量低于标准或不合要求。用于指天气与食品时可与bad通用。
bad: 含义广泛，指任何不好的或不合需要的品质。
evil: 语气比bad强，强调道德上的邪恶不良，含狡猾凶险或危害他人的意味。
wicked: 语气比evil强，指居心叵测，任意违反道德标准，有意作恶。
adj. 生病的；坏的；邪恶的；不吉利的
 - bad, evil, black, ugly
adv. 不利地；恶劣地；几乎不
 - badly, barely, adversely
n. 疾病；不幸
 - illness, disaster, disease, sickness, evil

Word: biased
Front: biased
[ˈbaɪəst] (六 10727/11433 -1)
Vocabulary: biased
(once / 3996 pages)
adj
When a skirt is cut at an angle, with one side higher than the other, it has a bias cut. Being biased is kind of lopsided too: a biased person favors one side or issue over another.
While biased can just mean having a preference for one thing over another, it also is synonymous with "prejudiced," and that prejudice can be taken to the extreme. Sometimes a person is so biased, or is leaning so far in one direction, that it's hard to see the other position, creating unfairness in an argument or decision. Often, though, it's used more lightly: "My mom makes the best brownies in the world, but I might be a little biased."
WORD FAMILY
biased: unbiased +/ bias: biased, biasedly, biases, biasing, biasly, biassed, biassing/biassed: unbiassed/ unbiased: unbiasedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
One defense of algorithms is that they are less biased than humans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Netanyahu was indeed enraged by the speech – his office was quick to dismiss it as “biased against Israel” but he was clearly not worried.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
"In this way," the judge continued, "Medtronic's alleged manipulative conduct directly caused the biased clinical trial results that the market relied upon."
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有偏见的; 有偏的; 结果偏倚的
v. 使存偏见(bias的过去式和过去分词)
分布：有偏见的(100%)
(UK also biassed) ['baɪ.əst] adjective
 ADVANCED
■showing an unreasonable like or dislike for a person based on personal opinions 偏袒一方的；有偏见的
• The newspapers gave a very biased report of the meeting. 报纸对会议的报导明显偏袒一方。
• I think she's beautiful but then I'm biased since she's my daughter. 我认为她很漂亮，不过毕竟她是我的女儿，我对她有点偏袒。
Opposite unbiased
adj. 有偏见的；结果偏倚的，有偏的
 - tendentious, jaundiced

Word: centimeter
Front: centimeter
['sentɪˌmi:tə] (10718/-)
Back: n. 厘米
分布：公分(100%)
厘米[cent=hundred,表示"一百"]

Word: fundamental
Front: fundamental
[ˌfʌndəˈmentl] (高研四六托雅宝 2328/2031 -K3)
Vocabulary: fundamental
(once / 254 pages)
adjn
When asked what the fundamental, or essential, principles of life are, a teenager might reply, "Breathe. Be a good friend. Eat chocolate. Get gas money."
Fundamental has its roots in the Latin word fundamentum, which means "foundation." So if something is fundamental, it is a key point or underlying issue — the foundation, if you will — that the thing is built upon. Teachers argue that math fundamentals include memorizing the times tables and understanding long division. Many people would also argue that math fundamentals should include knowing how to use a calculator and knowing where the calculator's extra batteries are kept.
WORD FAMILY
fundamental: fundamentalism, fundamentally, fundamentals+/ fundamentalism: fundamentalisms, fundamentalist, fundamentalistic/ fundamentalist: fundamentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
So he pushed through what the New York Times called “the most fundamental alteration of its rules in more than a generation.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The two also will be learning the fundamentals of their jobs together.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In theory, progressives recognise the necessity of fundamental social change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 基础的，基本的，根本的，重要的，原始的，主要的，十分重大的; [物]基频的，基谐波的; [乐]基音的
n. 原理，原则，基本，根本，基础; [乐]基音; [物]基频，基谐波
分布：基础(37%)，基本的(32%)，根本的(14%)，重要的(11%)，基本原理(6%)
→来自fund, 底部，基础。
基础的,根本的[found,fund=base,表示"基础"]
a.基础的,基本的n.(pl.)基本原则,基本原理The fundamental fund functions punctually in conjunction with abundant capital.这笔重要基金与充裕的资本一起准时发挥作用.
US [-tˌəl] adjective
 ADVANCED
■forming the base, from which everything else develops; more important than anything else 基础的；基本的；主要的
• We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment. 我们需要从根本上改变对待环境的态度。
• It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women. 这是男女之间的基本差别之一。
• The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential. 这所学校的基本原则是充分发挥每个孩子的最大潜力。
• Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies. 多样性对所有的生态系统和经济结构都极为重要。
• Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language. 掌握一些文法对学习一种语言来说很重要。
universal, fundamental, institution
universal: 大众的
fundamental: 基础的，根本的
institution: 制度上的
law, principle, theorem, fundamental
这组词都有“原理、原则”的意思，其区别是：
law: 指一直公认的。陈述各种现象的条理或关系的公理或定理等。
principle: 普通用词，含义广。指作判断的基础或行动的普通准则；也指自然科学的规律。
theorem: 多指经过推理或演算能得到证明的原理、定理或定律。
fundamental: 通常指原理、原则。
basic, fundamental, elementary
basic: a.基本的，基础的，既可用于具体事物，也可用于抽象事物。
 • He has a basic understanding of the problem.   他对问题有基本的了解。
fundamental: a.根本性的，一般只用于抽象的事物；必要的，必须的。
 • Honesty is a fundamental principle in dealing with others.   诚实是与别人相处的基本原则。
elementary: a.初步的，初级的。elementary school小学
institutional, instrumental, universal, fundamental
institutional: 制度上的，公共机构的
instrumental: 起作用的，有助于
universal: 全体的，普及的，大众的
fundamental: 基础的，根本的，必要的
vital, essential, basic, fundamental, radical
这组词都有“基本的，基础的”的意思，其区别是：
vital: 正式用词，侧重指维持生命、活力必不可少的，或生死攸关的。
essential: 语气比basic和fundamental强，强调必不可少，暗含某物如缺少某部分，则失去本质特征的意味。
basic: 普通用词，指明确、具体的基础或起点。
fundamental: 书面用词，不如basic使用广泛，侧重指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物。
radical: 着重指事物的根本或其来源。
adj. 基本的，根本的
 - elementary, basic, essential, organic, primary
n. 基本原理；基本原则
 - basic principle, ultimate, rationale

Word: Ukrainian
Front: Ukrainian
[ju:'kreiniən; -'krai-] (10687/9358)
Back: n. 乌克兰人；乌克兰语
adj. 乌克兰的；乌克兰人的
分布：乌克兰的(45%)，乌克兰人(34%)，乌克兰语(15%)，乌克兰人的(6%)
adjective noun countable
■Ukrainian 乌克兰的／乌克兰人

Word: flyer
Front: flyer
[ˈflaɪə(r)] (10734/12148 -1)
Vocabulary: flyer
(once / 1433 pages)
1n 2n
A flyer can be something or someone that flies on a plane, but another meaning is a handbill or advertising sheet handed out to people on the street. Because it's designed to go far, it gained the name flyer.
As far back as the 15th Century, Middle English used the word flyer to refer to something that travels quickly through the air, generally a bird or projectile. The connection with a person came about later, when air travel became more common. If you are a frequent flyer, you travel a lot. If you frequently post flyers, maybe you're in a band. Note: it doesn't matter if you spell the word flyer or "flier," as both are correct, but don't use both in one piece of writing.
WORD FAMILY
flyer: flyers+/ flier: fliers/ fly: flew, flied, flier, flies, flown, flyer, flying, flyingly, overfly/flying: flyings/overfly: overflew, overflies, overflying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Kings used the previous day to rest while the Sharks played the Philadelphia Flyers, and it showed at the start.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The last time they won one was a 4-3 win over the Philadelphia Flyers in Edmonton on Dec. 31, 1985.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
According to the calendar, the Ducks will kick off 2017 by playing host to the Philadelphia Flyers on Sunday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 飞鸟; 飞行物; 飞行员; 传单
分布：传单(62%)，飞行员(32%)，投机(3%)，=flier.(3%)
→来自fly, 飞行。
N-COUNT
飞行员
A flyer is a pilot of an aircraft.
N-COUNT
飞机乘客
You can refer to someone who travels by aeroplane as a flyer .
例：...regular business flyers.经常乘飞机的商务旅客
例：...nervous fliers.紧张的飞机乘客
N-COUNT
(广告)传单
A flyer is a small printed notice which is used to advertise a particular company, service, or event.
n. 传单；飞鸟；飞行物；飞跳；孤注一掷
 - circular, fly sheet

Word: caring
Front: caring
[ˈkeərɪŋ] (9373/6938 -3)
Vocabulary: caring
(once / 895 pages)
adjn
Commonly referred to as that "warm fuzzy feeling," caring is the kindness or love you have towards another individual. You can also use caring (as an adjective) to describe a person who acts in this warm and fuzzy way.
There's a reason for the saying "caring is sharing." You and your best buddy might exhibit caring, or affection, by sharing secrets, hugs, and the contents of your lunch boxes. Caring can also be an adjective. Caring nurses, parents, and teachers are great "caregivers" because they dole out warm fuzziness all day long. Well, at least sometimes.
WORD FAMILY
caring: caringly, carings, uncaring+/ care: cared, careful, careless, cares, caring / careful: carefuler, carefulest, carefully, carefulness, overcareful/carefulness: carefulnesses/ careless: carelesser, carelessest, carelessly, carelessness/carelessness: carelessnesses/overcareful: overcarefully/uncaring: uncaringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Christopher devoted much of his life offscreen to caring for his autistic son, Ned, and to championing for the developmentally disabled and their families.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It speaks volumes of the people that are so caring in Denver,” Williams said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It speaks volumes of the people that are so caring in Denver,” the mom said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 关心的; 有同情心的
vt. 关心(care的现在分词)
分布：关怀的(100%)
US ['ker.ɪŋ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who is kind and gives emotional support to others 关爱的，有爱心的，关心他人的
• I've always thought of Jo as a very caring person. 我一直认为乔是个很有爱心的人。
adj. 有同情心的；表示或感到关怀或关心的
 - feeling
v. 关心；照顾（care的现在分词）
 - tending

Word: dialect
Front: dialect
[ˈdaɪəlekt] (研四六托雅宝 10722/7189 -1)
Vocabulary: dialect
(once / 647 pages)
n
If the language you speak in your region is different in vocabulary, grammar and accent than the main form of the language, you speak a dialect. If your cousin in rural Arkansas can't understand your jokes, blame it on differences in dialect.
Both an accent and a dialect contain variations in pronunciation from the standard form of a language. When you speak a dialect, however, you also use different words and grammar, sometimes to such a degree that speakers of the dialect and the standard form of the language have a hard time understanding each other.
WORD FAMILY
dialect: dialectal, dialects
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the key challenges is getting the technology conversant with multiple languages, accents and dialects.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The actors, all residents of the area, speak in their native dialect.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But it's also a country with more than twenty languages and hundreds more dialects.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 方言，土语; 语调; [语]语支; 专业用语
分布：方言(98%)，地方话(2%)
→dia-, 穿过，相互。-lect, 说，词源同lecture, legible. 即人与人之的对话交流，后用来指区域性的语言，即方言。
方言(dia在...之间+lect→在一部分人之间说→方言)[lect,leg=speak,read,表示"讲,读"]
n.方言In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
【记】dia2人相对，lect说－2人对着说－方言
noun countable or uncountable
■a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar, etc. 方言，土语，地方话
• a regional dialect 地区方言
• The poem is written in northern dialect. 这首诗是用北方方言写成的。
tone, dialect, accent
这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。
tone: n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。
 • He speaks to his baby in soft tones.   他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。
dialect: n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。
 • the Yorkshire dialect   约克郡方言the Sichuan dialect四川方言
accent: n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。
 • He speaks English with a Spanish accent.   他讲英语带有西班牙口音。
speech, laguage, tongue, slang, dialect, idiom
这组词都有“语言”的意思，其区别是：
speech: 特指人的口语，也指正式的讲话。
laguage: 普通用词，含义广。指人的语言或文字，或动物的语言。既可指口头或书面语言，也可指手势语等。
tongue: 书面用词，指人的语言，亦指人的母语。
slang: 指俚语。
dialect: 指一种语言中，某一地方所特有的语言形式，即方言。
idiom: 指一种语言中一般由几个词结合成短语或句子的特殊表达方式，即惯用语、成语。也指方言。
n. 方言，土话；同源语；行话；个人用语特征
 - patois, provincialism

Word: Peruvian
Front: Peruvian
[pə'ruːviən] (10759/16334)
Back: n. 秘鲁人
adj. 秘鲁人的；秘鲁的
分布：秘鲁的(48%)，秘鲁人(37%)，秘鲁人的(15%)
noun countable adjective
■Peruvian 秘鲁人／秘鲁的

Word: bungalow
Front: bungalow
[ˈbʌŋgələʊ] (高雅 10710/6535 -1)
Vocabulary: bungalow
(once / 1644 pages)
n
A bungalow is a little house. If you’re not ready for the three-story house in the suburbs just yet, you might try living in a bungalow.
The word bungalow was originally used to describe the temporary houses set up by English sailors traveling to India to work for the East India Company. These little houses were often just one story high with a thatched roof. Nowadays, the word bungalow can be used to describe any one story house. Think of the little cabin you slept in at summer camp — that’s a kind of bungalow.
WORD FAMILY
bungalow: bungalows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Accommodation ranges from dorm rooms to self-contained air-conditioned bungalows , high up in the jungle hills.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Firefighters found the Worthing bungalow fully alight after receiving an emergency call on Christmas Day.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
It was surrounded by quiet bungalows and curved streets.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: n. <英>平房; <美>单层小屋，多于一层的小屋
分布：小屋(100%)
→词源同Bangladesh, 孟加拉国。指孟加拉人住的房子。
US [-oʊ] noun countable
■a house that has only one storey (= level) 平房
• It was a seaside town filled with small white bungalows. 那是个海边城镇，到处都是白色小平房。
n. [建] 平房；小屋
 - shed, cottage

Word: evergreen
Front: evergreen
[ˈevəgri:n] (托 10763/16218 -1)
Vocabulary: evergreen
(once / 1374 pages)
nadj
An evergreen is a tree or plant that doesn't shed its leaves in the winter, but stays green all year. A Christmas tree is an evergreen.
Even in the middle of winter, when so many trees in cold climates have bare branches, evergreens brighten up the landscape with vibrant green needles or leaves. Fir trees, holly bushes, and eucalyptus shrubs are all examples of evergreens. You can describe all of them using evergreen as an adjective as well: "I made the wreath using evergreen branches."
WORD FAMILY
evergreen: evergreens, semi-evergreen
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q. Why are there brown needles as well as green ones on the average evergreen?
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SUN January walks focus on conifers, evergreen trees in our collection, 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For starters, he trains alone in the Milton Evergreen Cemetery near his home outside Toronto.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 常绿植物，常绿树; 常绿树枝
adj. [植] 常绿的; 永葆青春的
分布：常绿树(37%)，常绿的(33%)，常绿植物(30%)
→ever，永远。green, 绿色。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■describes a plant, bush, or tree which has leaves for the whole year （植物）常青的，常绿的 Compare deciduous always seeming fresh or remaining popular 永葆青春的；不衰的；持久的
• that evergreen TV series 'The Good Life' 那部历久不衰的电视连续剧《美好生活》
UK ['ev.ə.gri:n] US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a plant, bush or tree which has leaves for the whole year 常青植物，常绿植物
adj. [林] [植] 常绿的；永葆青春的
 - indeciduous

Word: positioning
Front: positioning
[pə'zɪʃnɪŋ] (10716/11909)
Back: n. 配置，布置; 定位
分布：定位(98%)，配置(1%)，动词position的现在分词.(1%)
N-COUNT
位置；方位
The position of someone or something is the place where they are in relation to other things.
例：The ship was identified, and its name and position were reported to the coastguard...那艘船已找到，其名字和位置已报告给海岸警卫队。
例：This conservatory enjoys an enviable position overlooking a leafy expanse.这个温室位置绝佳，放眼望去，草木繁茂，郁郁葱葱。
N-COUNT
姿势；安置方式
When someone or something is in a particular position, they are sitting, lying, or arranged in that way.
例：Hold the upper back and neck in an erect position to give support for the head...挺直上背部和脖子来支撑头部
例：Ensure the patient is turned into the recovery position...确保使患者处于复苏体位。
VERB
安放；放置
If you position something somewhere, you put it there carefully, so that it is in the right place or position.
例：Position trailing plants near the edges and in the sides of the basket to hang down...把蔓生植株靠边放，使其从篮子的四面垂下。
例：Place the pastry circles on to a baking sheet and position one apple on each circle.把油酥面圈放到烘烤盘上，每个上面放一个苹果。
N-COUNT
（社会）地位，身份
Your position in society is the role and the importance that you have in it.
例：...the position of older people in society.老年人在社会中的地位
N-COUNT
职位；职务
A position in a company or organization is a job.
例：He left a career in teaching to take up a position with the Arts Council...他辞去教学工作到艺术委员会任职。
例：Hyundai said this week it is scaling back its U.S. operations by eliminating 50 positions.现代公司本周表示其美国分公司准备裁掉50个职位以缩小经营规模。
N-COUNT
（比赛、竞赛中的）名次
Your position in a race or competition is how well you did in relation to the other competitors or how well you are doing.
例：Agassi and Sampras resumed their battle for the world's No. 1 position, both winning their opening matches...阿加西和桑普拉斯继续他们对世界第一宝座的争夺，两人在首场比赛中均获得胜利。
例：By the ninth hour the car was running in eighth position.到第9个小时的时候，这辆车位列第8。
N-COUNT
处境；状况；形势
You can describe your situation at a particular time by saying that you are in a particular position .
例：He's going to be in a very difficult position indeed if things go badly for him...如果事情进展不顺利的话，他的处境将非常艰难。
例：Companies should be made to reveal more about their financial position...应该要求公司使其财务状况更为透明化。
N-COUNT
态度；立场；观点
Your position on a particular matter is your attitude towards it or your opinion of it.
例：He could be depended on to take a moderate position on most of the key issues...他应该会在大部分关键问题上采取中间立场。
例：Mr Howard is afraid to state his true position on the republic, which is that he is opposed to it.霍华德先生不敢表明自己对共和体制持反对态度的真实立场。
N-SING
能够/不能够
If you are in a position to do something, you are able to do it. If you are in no position to do something, you are unable to do it.
例：The UN system will be in a position to support the extensive relief efforts needed...联合国将能满足全面救济需求。
例：I am not in a position to comment.我不便发表评论。
PHRASE
就位；在适当的位置
If someone or something is in position, they are in their correct or usual place or arrangement.
例：This second door is an extra security measure and can be locked in position during the day...这第二道门是又一项安全措施，白天可以上锁。
例：Some 28,000 US troops are moving into position.约2.8万人的美国军队即将部署到位。
n. [计] 定位；配置，布置
 - configuration, allocation, arrangement, localization, setting
v. [计] 定位（position的现在分词）；放置
 - putting, setting

Word: founding
Front: founding
['faʊndɪŋ] (高 7525/11750)
Vocabulary: founding
(once / 1103 pages)
n
Founding is the act of starting something new. The founding of The Oprah Winfrey Leadership Academy, a boarding school for girls in South Africa, was possible because of Oprah's massive donation of money toward the cause.
A founder is someone responsible for founding or getting something started. In American history, the Founding Fathers were responsible for establishing the Declaration of Independence in 1776. These political leaders, including George Washington, Ben Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, were instrumental in initiating, or founding American Independence.
WORD FAMILY
founding: foundings+/ find: finder, finding, finds, found /finder: finders/ finding: findings/ found: foundation, founded, foundedly, founder, founding, founds/ foundation: foundations/founded: unfounded / founder: foundered, foundering, founders/foundering: founderings/ unfounded: unfoundedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edinburgh's Festivals are to benefit from £300,000 in extra funding to celebrate the 70th anniversary of their founding.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But the founding families still dominate almost all the conglomerates, in part, critics say, because of lax enforcement of corporate governance and tax laws.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It looks like a Google story,” said Danny Sullivan, founding editor of Search Engine Land, a web search news site.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [机] 铸造，熔铸
v. 建造( found的现在分词); 熔化; 建立…的基础，以…为基础
分布：成立(68%)，建立(31%)，动词found的现在分词.(1%)
ADJ
成立的;创办的;建立的
Founding means relating to the starting of a particular institution or organization.
例：The committee held its founding congress in the capital, Riga...委员会在首都里加召开了成立大会。
例：He is founding director of The Conservation Foundation.他是自然资源保护基金会的创办负责人。
commencement, origin, founding, initiation
commencement: 学位颁授典礼
origin: 起点，开端，来源，作复数时指血统，背景，出身
founding: 弃儿
initiation: 开始，发起，initiation of sth
adj. 创办的；发起的
 - sponsored
v. [机] 铸造；建造；以…为基础（found的ing形式）
 - casting, engineering
n. [机] 铸造；溶解
 - casting, molding, solution

Word: distance
Front: distance
[ˈdɪstəns] (高研四六托雅 1235/1275 -K4)
Vocabulary: distance
(once / 44 pages)
nv
Distance is an amount of space between things. From a distance, it's hard to tell if someone's wearing a vampire costume or just a chic black outfit.
The noun distance usually refers to physical space in between two objects, like the distance between your parking spot and the entrance to the mall. It can also mean an interval in time, like a distance of two years since you graduated. Another meaning of distance is remoteness, like the distance between you and a close friend who doesn't talk to you much these days. The Latin root is distantia, "a standing apart."
WORD FAMILY
distance: distanced, distances, distancing+/ distant: distance, distanter, distantest, distantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shoe in question was the Nike Air Rift, or “split-toe” inspired by Kenyan barefoot distance runners allowing extra toe movement.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It will also see the distance between Mars and Venus get smaller as Venus gets higher each night.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Lions, who were 13 of 29 from distance and 21 of 30 at the line, snapped a two-game slide.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 距离，路程; 远处; 疏远; （时间的）间隔，长久
vt. 把…远远甩在后面; 疏远; 与…保持距离
时态：distanced, distancing, distances
分布：距离(81%)，远方(11%)，路程(7%)，与 ... 保持距离(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-st, 站，词源同stand. 即两边分开站的，距离。
n.距离,间隔,远方,路程For instance, I can instantly know the constant distance.例如,我可以即刻知道该恒定距离.
noun
SPACE 空间
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■the amount of space between two places 距离，路程
• What's the distance between Madrid and Barcelona/ from Madrid to Barcelona? 马德里和巴赛隆那相距有多远？
• He travels quite a distance (= a long way) to work every day. 他每天上班的路途很远。
• Does she live within walking distance of her parents? 从她的住处到父母家可以走着去吗？
at/from a distance
■from a place that is not near 从远处，自远处
• From a distance he looks a bit like James Bond. 从远处看他有点儿像詹姆斯·庞德。
in the distance
■at a point which is far away 在远处
• On a clear day you can see the temple in the distance. 在晴朗的日子里，远处的庙宇清晰可见。
['dɪs.tənts] noun
MANNER 方式
[S or U]
■behaviour that shows little interest or friendliness 冷漠的行为，疏远
• I noticed a certain distance between father and son. 我注意到父子之间有些疏远。
['dɪs.tənts] noun
go the distance
■to manage to continue until the end of a competition 坚持到比赛结束
['dɪs.tənts] noun
keep your distance
■to avoid going near someone or something, or to avoid getting too friendly with people 保持距离
• I've tried being friendly but she keeps her distance. 我一直努力向她示好，但她却一直与我保持着距离。
['dɪs.tənts] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] distance yourself from sth
■to become or seem less involved or connected with something 疏远与…的距离，不接近
• The leader has recently distanced himself from the extremists in the party. 该领导人最近疏远了与党内极端主义分子的关系。
n. [数] 距离；远方；疏远；间隔
 - separation, space, interval, remove
vt. 疏远；把…远远甩在后面
 - stand off, cold-shoulder

Word: welcoming
Front: welcoming
[ˈwelkəmɪŋ] (10745/8569)
Back: v. 欢迎( welcome的现在分词 ); 迎接; 乐于接受; 希望有
分布：欢迎(96%)，受欢迎的(4%)
adjective
■friendly or making you feel welcome 热情友好的，好客的
• She gave everyone a welcoming smile. 她向所有人报以热情的微笑。
adj. 欢迎的；款待的
 - xenial
v. 欢迎（welcome的ing形式）
 - greeting

Word: unspoken
Front: unspoken
[ˌʌnˈspəʊkən] (10743/11613 -1)
Back: adj. 未说出口的; 无人与之交谈的; 没人理睬的; 不言而喻的
v. 取消，撤回( unspeak的过去分词)
分布：不言而喻的(49%)，未说出口的(42%)，动词unspeak的过去分词.(9%)
US [-'spoʊ-] adjective
■not spoken, although thought of or felt （想到或感到而）未说出的，未表达的
• unspoken doubts/fears 未说出口的疑问／恐惧
• There's an unspoken assumption in the department that Sue will take over the post when Ian leaves. 部门里大家都心照不宣地认为在伊恩离开后，休会接替那个位置。
adj. 无言的；未说出口的；不言而喻的
 - tacit, wordless

Word: paddle
Front: paddle
[ˈpædl] (高研托雅 9187/10365 -1)
Vocabulary: paddle
(once / 457 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4v
If you regularly ride around in a canoe, you’re undoubtedly already familiar with a paddle, a pole with a broad, flat end that is used to propel a boat forward.
Nautical types will already know that the noun form of the word paddle refers to an implement with a flat blade used to move a boat through the water. The word can also be used to describe items with a similar look, such as a paddle used in table tennis or certain kinds of video games. The verb form of paddle refers to the action of navigating through the water, either in a boat using a paddle or as a swimmer who used the hands and feet to move around in shallow water.
WORD FAMILY
paddle: paddled, paddler, paddles, paddling+/paddler: paddlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its manual mode is controlled by steering wheel paddles.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Talia told the staff that her father hit her with “Mr. Paddle” when he got angry, according to court testimony.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Everybody too serious,” Cheng explained during a lesson last month, clenching a paddle with white knuckles before releasing into a shrug.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [航海] 宽叶短桨; 桨状物; 搅拌金矿的铁器，类似铁铲的工具; 洗衣板，扁板
vi. 涉水; 趟水; 用桨划船; 荡桨
vt. 用浆划动，用船桨推动（船只）; 搬运，运输; 拍打; 搅拌
时态：paddled, paddling, paddles
分布：桨(71%)，划桨(14%)，戏水(9%)，明轮翼(4%)，抚弄(2%)
→来自拉丁语padela,小铲子，进一步来自patella,小盘子，来自patina的小词形式，词源同pan,patella.后引申词义船桨。paddle 蹚水，踩水
n.桨v.用桨划The little boy paddled up to his mother.那小男孩摇摇晃晃地走向他的母亲.
noun
POLE 杆
countable
■a short pole with a wide flat part at one end or both ends, used for moving a small boat or canoe through the water （小船的）短桨，桨
countable
■a blade on a paddle wheel （船的）明轮叶
['pæd.l] noun
WALK 走
countable usually singular UK (US wade)
■a walk through shallow water, especially at the edge of the sea （尤指在海边的）涉水
• Shall we go for a paddle? 我们去玩水好吗？
['pæd.l] verb
WALK 走
intransitive UK (US wade)
■to walk with no shoes or socks on through shallow water, often at the edge of the sea 涉水；在（海边）浅水中走
• We rolled up our trousers and paddled along the seashore. 我们卷起裤管沿海边涉水而行。
['pæd.l] verb
WITH POLE 用杆
intransitive or transitive
■to push a pole with a wide end through the water in order to make a boat move 用桨划船
transitive US
■to hit a child on the bottom with a short, wide piece of wood 用戒尺打（孩子的屁股）
['pæd.l] verb
SWIM 游泳
intransitive
■to swim by moving your feet and hands up and down （游泳时用手和脚）拨水
['pæd.l] verb
paddle your own canoe UK informal
■If you describe a person as paddling their own canoe, you mean that they are independent and do not need help from anyone else. 自力更生；自食其力；处事独立
n. 划桨；明轮翼
 - oarage
vt. 拌；搅；用桨划
 - pug
vi. 划桨；戏水；涉水
 - wade through

Word: recruiter
Front: recruiter
[rɪ'kru:tə(r)] (10729/28120)
Vocabulary: recruiter
(once / 6084 pages)
n
A recruiter is someone whose job involves signing people up as members or hiring them for jobs. Sometimes company recruiters visit college campuses to talk to interested students.
A recruiter for a large company might place advertisements for job openings and interview applicants, while a military recruiter works at an office where interested enlistees can sign up to join the armed services. If you work as a recruiter for your school's French club, it's your job to make the club look exciting and fun, and to sign up new members. The origin of recruiter can be traced back to the Latin crescere, "to grow."
WORD FAMILY
recruiter: recruiters+/ recruit: recruited, recruiter, recruiting, recruitment, recruits/ recruitment: recruitments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recruiters are also seeking candidates to enter bilingual teaching programs, especially among high school graduates who received a state seal of biliteracy.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He played four years in high school, winning a slam dunk contest as a junior, but recruiters wanted him for football.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Recruiters do warn prospects that air defenders deploy frequently and it may be hard on their family lives.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 招聘人员，征兵人员
分布：招聘人员(87%)，招募者(13%)
VERB
招收；招募；征召
If you recruit people for an organization, you select them and persuade them to join it or work for it.
例：The police are trying to recruit more black and Asian officers...警方正在试图招募更多黑人和亚裔警官。
例：In recruiting students to Computer Systems Engineering, the University looks for evidence of all-round ability...在招收计算机系统工程专业的学生时，这个大学看重的是学生的综合能力。
N-COUNT
新手；新兵；新成员
A recruit is a person who has recently joined an organization or an army.

Word: substitution
Front: substitution
[ˌsʌbstɪ'tju:ʃn] (10742/6636)
Vocabulary: substitution
(once / 1757 pages)
n
The noun substitution refers to the act of replacing one thing with another. Your football coach might make a substitution by sending you onto the field to take over for a player who is tired or injured.
Substitution comes from the Middle French word of the same spelling, meaning "a putting in place of another." You might notice that substitution contains the root word substitute, and that's a good way to remember the meaning of the word. In school, a substitute is a temporary teacher who fills in when your regular teacher is out — in other words, a substitution has been made until your teacher returns.
WORD FAMILY
substitution: substitutions+/substitutable: substitutability/ substitute: substitutable, substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution
USAGE EXAMPLES
After losses, some mutter, questioning plays and substitutions.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The deletion/substitution area is indicated with a grey box in the chromatograms.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Looking for a present for somebody who’s suspicious of exotic substitutions in their baked goods?
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 代替; 代用; 替换; <化>取代（作用）
分布：替换(71%)，代替(26%)，交换(3%)
US [-'tu:-] noun countable or uncountable
■the use of one person or thing instead of another 换人
• It looks as though the coach is going to make a substitution (= change one player for another in the game). 教练似乎要换人。
n. 代替； [数] 置换；代替物
 - lieu, stead

Word: inconvenience
Front: inconvenience
[ˌɪnkənˈvi:niəns] (10754/9468 -1)
Vocabulary: inconvenience
(once / 625 pages)
nv
An inconvenience is an annoying occurrence that makes you go out of your way, like the inconvenience of a detour that takes you off your usual route, or the inconvenience of the door bell ringing just as you are about to take a dish out of the oven.
The noun inconvenience, pronounced "in-cun-VEE-nyent," comes from the Latin word inconvenientia, from in-, meaning “not,” and convenient-, meaning “agreeing, fitting.” That meaning still holds true for inconvenience: something that doesn’t fit easily into your life, though it doesn't cause suffering, either. Use it to describe small irritations, like the inconvenience of an airport delay.
WORD FAMILY
inconvenience: inconvenienced, inconveniences, inconveniencing+/ convenience: conveniences/ convenient: convenience, convenienter, convenientest, conveniently, inconvenient / inconvenient: inconvenience, inconveniently
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These waterways belong to everyone in the community. If one specific entity is inconvenienced, it’s not a valid reason for letting pollution to occur indefinitely.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He said it’s too early to say when the power will be restored and whether guests will be compensated for the inconvenience.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s more of an inconvenience to speak up, and that in itself is such a problematic way to think.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 不方便; 麻烦; 为难之处; 麻烦事
vt. 给…带来不便; 给…添麻烦; 打扰; 使为难
时态：inconvenienced, inconveniencing, inconveniences
分布：不便(97%)，困难(2%)，使 ... 不便(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■a state or an example of problems or trouble, which often causes a delay or loss of comfort 不便，麻烦
• We apologize for any inconvenience caused by the late arrival of the train. 我们对火车延误所造成的一切不便表示歉意。
• We had the inconvenience of being unable to use the kitchen for several weeks. 我们有几个星期不能使用厨房，很不方便。
• Having to wait for ten minutes was a minor inconvenience. 要等候十分钟确实有一点麻烦。
[ˌɪn.kən'vi:.ni.ənts] verb transitive
■to cause problems or difficulties for someone 不便，麻烦
• The strike inconvenienced many people. 罢工给许多人带来了不便。
n. 不便；麻烦
 - trouble, headache
vt. 麻烦；打扰
 - go to trouble, bother

Word: kettle
Front: kettle
[ 'ket(ə)l] (高研四六托 10726/5784 -1)
Vocabulary: kettle
(once / 583 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A kettle is a pot made for boiling water. Most kettles are metal, with a lid and a spout. If you're in the mood for a cup of tea, it might be time to "put the kettle on."
You can use the word kettle to mean "metal cooking pot," although it's mostly used for the kind you use to make your tea or instant soup. If you want to comment on the incredible awkwardness of a situation, you can use the colloquial phrase, "Well, this is a fine kettle of fish," and if you criticize a friend for something you're also guilty of, she might say, "That's the pot calling the kettle black!"
WORD FAMILY
kettle: kettleful, kettles+/kettleful: kettlefuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s just kinder when the host is running late with dinner and you’re stuffing your face with Kettle Chips.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
More than a few drop not just coins but dollars into the iconic red kettle.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
“Other people keep me company,” he says about those who walk past his kettle on their way to the stores each day.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: [人名] [英格兰人姓氏] 凯特尔来源于古诺斯语人名，含义是u201c釜u201d(cauldron)
分布：水壶(99%)，坑穴(1%)
→来自古英语cetil,水壶，来自Proto-Germanic*katilaz,可能来自拉丁语catillus,碗，盘子，炖罐。需注意的是，原始德语从拉丁语借词是比较罕见的。
n.水壶At the outset this set of setting settled the offset problem of the kettle.在开始,这一套设置解决了水壶的弥补问题.
US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a covered metal or plastic container with a handle and a shaped opening for pouring, used for boiling water 水壶，开水壶
put the kettle on
■to start to boil water in a kettle 开始烧水
UK ['ket.l] US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
be another /a different kettle of fish
■to be completely different from something or someone else that has been talked about 截然不同；完全两回事
• Having knowledge is one thing but being able to communicate it to others is another kettle of fish. 拥有知识是一回事，但能够传授给别人完全是另一回事了。
UK ['ket.l] US ['ketˌ-] noun countable
a pretty / fine kettle of fish old-fashioned
■a very difficult and annoying situation 难办的事；尴尬的局面
n. [轻] 壶； [化工] 釜；罐；鼓
 - pot, drum

Word: misdemeanor
Front: misdemeanor
[ˌmɪsdɪ'mi:nə] (10750/-)
Vocabulary: misdemeanor
(once / 3140 pages)
n
A misdemeanor is a minor offense, rather than a serious crime. A minor infraction like keeping a library book for years or stealing a pack of bubblegum would be considered a misdemeanor.
A crime like murder is serious, a felony that can land the person who commits it in jail for a long time. A misdemeanor, on the other hand, is a far less serious offense. Commit a misdemeanor such as petty theft, and you might not get more than a slap on the wrist.
WORD FAMILY
misdemeanor: misdemeanors+/ demeanor: demeanors, misdemeanor
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any suspect who steps forward would face a misdemeanor trespassing charge —  a penalty equivalent to “a slap on the hand,” Ramirez said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The unconscious man was arrested on suspicion of 100 misdemeanor counts of discharging a firearm.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Justices of the peace in Nevada hear small civil claims along with criminal misdemeanor trials.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 不法行为; （相对于重罪的）轻罪，小罪
分布：轻罪(94%)，不正当的行为(6%)
【记】mis错，demeanor（n 行为；风度）
【参】misdirect（v 误导；写错地址）
US [-nɚ] noun countable US legal
■a crime considered to be one of the less serious types of crime 轻罪
n. 轻罪；品行不端
 - venial sin, peccadillo

Word: patriarch
Front: patriarch
[ˈpeɪtriɑ:k] (托 10741/15691 -1)
Vocabulary: patriarch
(once / 647 pages)
n
A patriarch is a male leader. Your father might be the patriarch of your family, but your kid brother could be the patriarch of his club house.
You can trace patriarch back to its ancient Greek root pater meaning "father." What do you think a female leader is called? You got it — matriarch. Although the noun patriarch specifically refers to a male head of the family, it can more generally refer to any older, respected male. In terms of the Old Testament, patriarch refers to the men considered to be the fathers of the human race, including Jacob and Isaac.
WORD FAMILY
patriarch: patriarchal, patriarches, patriarchs+/ patriarchal: patriarchally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aaron Rubashkin, the founder and family patriarch, was critical to the company’s value.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
On Christmas Eve, the acting Latin patriarch of Jerusalem will lead an annual procession to Bethlehem and then celebrate Midnight Mass in the church.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
More than 80 percent of Georgians identify with Orthodoxy and its patriarch, Ilia II, is one of the country’s most powerful men.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 家长，族长，元老，（特指）犹太民族的祖先; 创始人，鼻祖
分布：家长(42%)，主教(29%)，元老(25%)，创办人(4%)
→patri-,父亲，-arch,管理，统治，词源同matriarch.
[patri父,祖arch首脑,长]家长;族长[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
家长;大主教(patri+arch统治)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
US [-ɑ:rk] noun countable
RELIGION 宗教
■a bishop in particular Eastern Christian churches （基督教某些东派教会的）牧首，主教，教长
UK ['peɪ.tri.ɑ:k] US [-ɑ:rk] noun countable
SOCIETY 社会
■the male leader of a family （男性）家长，族长 Compare matriarch
n. 家长；族长；元老；创始人
 - author, paterfamilias

Word: saucer
Front: saucer
[ˈsɔ:sə(r)] (高研四六托 10769/9123 -1)
Vocabulary: saucer
(once / 1537 pages)
n
A saucer is a small, rounded dish that sits beneath a tea or coffee cup. Other kinds of saucers include objects with a similar round shape — like a flying saucer.
Saucers that live under cups are useful for catching drips from and protecting the table. Many mugs and cups come without saucers, but the cups in a traditional tea service have matching saucers, and coffee cups at a restaurant or cafe are also frequently served with saucers. Objects with a similar round shape can also be called saucers, including flying saucers and saucer-shaped TV antennas. The very earliest saucers were small sauce dishes, and the word stems from the Latin salsus, or "sauce."
WORD FAMILY
saucer: saucers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’d like to say it’s all the saucer passes and toe drags, but no, it’s definitely simplicity with us,” Hendricks said.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Its centerpiece is a huge, flat dome more than 2,000 feet in diameter that even the temple concedes looks like a flying saucer.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
I reluctantly fetched him coffee, with sprinkled cookies Mom added to the saucer.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 茶杯托，茶碟; （放花盆的）垫盘（等）; 浅碟形盆地; 〈美〉拳击场
分布：碟子(57%)，茶托(43%)
→sauce,调味汁，-er,表物。即装调料的碟子，后词义通用化。
n.茶托,碟子He is drinking with a cup and saucer.他正在用带茶托的茶杯喝茶.
US ['sɑ:.sɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small curved plate which you put a cup on 茶碟，茶托
• a cup and saucer 茶杯和茶托
• She gave the cat a saucer of milk (= a small amount of milk on a saucer). 她给猫一小碟牛奶。
n. 茶托，浅碟；浅碟形物；眼睛
 - eye, optic

Word: recurrence
Front: recurrence
[rɪˈkʌrəns] (研六 10768/8233 -1)
Vocabulary: recurrence
(once / 2206 pages)
n
If something is happening yet again, there's a recurrence of it. Most sports fans hope there isn't a recurrence of last year's losing season.
If you keep getting a hacking cough, then you're having a recurrence — that cough just keeps coming back. The word recurrence has to do with things that repeat or return, often at predictable times. If your dog barks at the same time every day, your neighbors might complain about the recurrence of noise. A note on using this word: reoccurrence means basically the same thing, but recurrence is considered a more stylish choice.
WORD FAMILY
recurrence: recurrences+/ recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs/ recurrent: recurrently/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But more than empathy, the women say they need to see their politicians pursue real changes that will prevent a recurrence.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Indeed, the ultimate goal of organizing is to remedy the state of untidiness and prevent its recurrence.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
When I don’t feel well and thoughts of a recurrence creep into my mind, I lack fear and simply think, “Let’s just see what happens.”
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 复回，重现; 反复，隐现; [数]循环; 重新提起
分布：再发生(58%)，反复(22%)，再现(20%)
【记】re反，cur跑，rence一跑回来－重现
【反】happening one time（只发生一次）
N-VAR
复发；重现；再现
If there is a recurrence of something, it happens again.
例：Police are out in force to prevent a recurrence of the violence.警方出动大量警力防止暴力事件再次发生。
n. 再发生；循环；重现；重新提起
 - circulation, revolution, rotation, cycle, round

Word: gamble
Front: gamble
[ˈgæmbl] (研六雅宝 9148/11190 -K3)
Vocabulary: gamble
(once / 290 pages)
vn
When you gamble, you take a risky chance on something. When an entrepreneur invests her own money in her business, she gambles on its success.
If you approach a stray dog, you gamble on its friendliness, and if you turn down a high-paying job to take a more interesting position, you gamble on it eventually paying off. Another way to gamble is to buy a lottery ticket or place a bet on a poker hand: when you gamble like this, you play a game of chance, risking some amount of money. Gamble is from Old English gammlen, "to play, jest, or be merry."
WORD FAMILY
gamble: gambled, gambler, gambles, gambling+/ gambler: ex-gambler, gamblers/gambling: gamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But voters brutally punished Mr Clegg for his gamble.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The move would be a legal gamble under the high court’s last ruling in 2014 on recess appointments.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, it is both a gamble and a relatively straightforward motivational tactic – the question now is whether it will work.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 赌博; 投机，冒风险; 孤注一掷; 打赌
vt. 赌博，下赌注; 使冒风险
n. 赌博或其他投机; 冒险
时态：gambled, gambling, gambles
分布：赌博(69%)，冒险(25%)，孤注一掷(6%)
→来自game, 游戏，打赌。
n./v.投机,冒险;赌博He has gambled away all his wealth.他赌博输掉了全部财产.
【记】game，ball：联想体育彩票，有很多ball的game，实际上是一种赌博。
【参】gambler（n 赌博的人；赌徒）
noun countable usually singular
■a risk that might result in loss of money or failure 冒险；赌博；无把握的事情
• Her publishers knew they were taking a gamble when they agreed to publish such an unusual novel. 她的出版商知道，同意出版这样一部标新立异的小说是一种冒险。
• It was a gamble using such an inexperienced director, but it paid off (= was successful). 任用这样一位没有经验的导演确实是一种赌博，但结果大获成功。
['gæm.bl] verb
intransitive
■to do something risky that might result in loss of money or failure, hoping to get money or achieve success 投机；冒险
• Anyone who gambles on the stock exchange has to be prepared to lose money. 任何进行股票投机的人都必须要做好赔钱的准备。
intransitive or transitive
■to risk money, for example in a game or on a horse race 赌博，打赌
• I like to gamble when I play cards - it makes it more interesting. 我玩牌喜欢赌钱——这更有趣些。
• He gambles on the horses (= horse races). 他赌马。
• He gambled away all of our savings. 他把我们所有的积蓄都赌了个清光。
['gæm.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gamble on sth
■to take a risk that something will happen 冒…的风险；碰…的运气
• You're rather gambling on it being a nice day by holding the party in the garden, aren't you? 在花园里开露天聚会，那你把宝全押在肯定是个好天气上了，是不是？
gamble, bet
这组词都有“打赌，赌博”的意思，其区别是：
gamble: 多指投机，为获得某物或牟利而冒大险，含孤注一掷意味。
bet: 指竞赛中的打赌，也指双方对有疑惑之事争执不下的打赌。在口语中，bet作“确信，敢说”解。
vi. 赌博；孤注一掷；投机；打赌
 - game, venture, lay
vt. 赌博；孤注一掷；冒险假设
 - put all one's eggs in one basket, shoot the works
n. 赌博；冒险；打赌
 - risk, throw, gaming, venture, adventure

Word: sleeper
Front: sleeper
[ˈsli:pə(r)] (10755/11298 -1)
Vocabulary: sleeper
(once / 1044 pages)
n
A sleeper is something that succeeds when no one thought it would. That low-tech movie about shark attacks that you shot on vacation and edited in your basement? It could be a sleeper if you market it in the right way.
You probably know that sleeper can be used in an obvious sense to refer to someone who is asleep. But you also may hear the word used to describe something that becomes an unexpected success, like "a sleeper of a film" featuring unknown actors that ends up becoming the big summer hit. This sense of the word may have originated in the world of gambling in the nineteenth century. When a card player unexpectedly drew a winning card, the card was called "a sleeper."
WORD FAMILY
sleeper: sleepers+/ oversleep: oversleeping, oversleeps, overslept/ sleep: oversleep, sleeper, sleeping, sleepless, sleeps, sleepy, slept/sleepiness: sleepinesses/sleeping: sleepingly, sleepings, unsleeping/sleepless: sleeplessly, sleeplessness/sleepy: sleepier, sleepiest, sleepily, sleepiness/unsleeping: unsleepingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Honorable mention: Murray’s Cheese Bar was a sleeper hit hidden in plain sight.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Faced with consistent IS bombing and shootings in recaptured areas, the military fears sympathizers and sleeper cells among the population.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The roast chicken is kind of a sleeper,” he finally said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卧车; 轨枕; 睡觉（呈某种状态）的人; 冬眠动物
分布：卧铺(55%)，睡眠者(20%)，枕木(18%)，爆冷门(5%)，耳环(2%)
US [-pɚ] noun
NOT AWAKE 睡觉
a good/heavy/light sleeper
■someone who sleeps in the stated way 睡眠好／睡觉沈／睡觉轻的人
• I'm a light sleeper - the slightest noise wakes me. 我睡眠很浅——最轻微的声响也会吵醒我。
• You won't wake him - he's such a heavy sleeper. 你不会吵醒他——他睡觉很沈。
■a carriage in a train with beds for passengers to sleep in, or one of the beds in this carriage, or the type of train which has these carriages （列车的）卧铺车厢，卧铺；卧铺列车
• I'm travelling overnight so I've booked a sleeper. 我要坐一整晚的车，因此我订了一个卧铺。
• The 11.45 to Glasgow is a sleeper. 11点45分开往格拉斯哥的车是一列卧铺车。
UK ['sli:.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
BLOCK 木块
countable UK (US railroad tie)
■one of the heavy horizontal blocks that supports a railway track 枕木
UK ['sli:.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
RING 环
countable UK
■a small gold or silver ring which is worn in an ear which is pierced (= has a hole in it) to stop the hole from closing while other earrings are not being worn （为防止耳洞密合而戴的）小耳环
UK ['sli:.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
SUDDEN ACTIVITY 突然的行动
countable
■a person or thing that is suddenly and surprisingly successful after a long period of not achieving anything （长期蛰伏后）一鸣惊人的人；爆冷的人（或物）
countable
■a spy who only becomes active a long time after being put in place by an organization or country 潜伏特务
n. 卧车；卧铺； [铁路] 枕木；睡眠者
 - sleeping car, Pullman

Word: generalize
Front: generalize
[ˈdʒenrəlaɪz] (研六托雅宝 10707/12853 -1)
Vocabulary: generalize
(once / 1746 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To generalize is to use specific examples to make broader points. Generalizing makes large points, though they aren't always necessarily true.
When someone says "in general" they're talking about what things are like in the big picture or overall. Similarly, generalizing takes small examples and uses them to make bigger points. Saying that all teens are selfish because you know a few selfish teens is generalizing. Saying all adults are uptight is an example of generalizing. Unfortunately, generalizing can be dangerous. Stereotyping is a form of generalizing. Sometimes it’s better to stick to specific examples and to avoid generalizing.
WORD FAMILY
generalize: generalization, generalized, generalizes, generalizing, overgeneralize+/ general: generalcy, generaled, generalise, generality, generalize, generalled, generalling, generally, generals, generalship/generalcy: generalcies/generalisation: generalisations/generalise: generalisation, generalised, generalises, generalising, overgeneralise/ generality: generalities/ generalization: generalizations/generalship: generalships/overgeneralize: overgeneralized, overgeneralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suffering from burnout and “generalized hate,” she’s vulnerable to the brash businessman who approaches her with a convoluted plan to monetize the city’s wastewater supply.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Often these patients are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
“It is an obligatory migration, forced by the generalized violence,” Gonzalez said.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 概括，归纳; 推广，普及; 使一般化; 形成概念
vt. 推广，普及; 使一般化; 概括
vi. 形成概念
时态：generalized, generalizing, generalizes
分布：概括(60%)，归纳(38%)，使一般化(2%)
→来自general, 通用的，概括的。
v.(generalise)归纳,概括;推广,普及It is wrong to generalize about people.以偏概全地谈论人是不对的.
US [-ɚ-] verb intransitive
■to say or write something very basic, based on limited facts, that is partly or sometimes true, but not always 概括；归纳
• You can't generalize about a continent as varied as Europe. 对于欧洲这样一个异彩纷呈的大陆，你无法一言以蔽之。
vt. 概括；推广；使...一般化
 - extend, summarise
vi. 形成概念
 - ideate

Word: transient
Front: transient
[ˈtrænziənt] (研六托宝 10735/10341 -1)
Vocabulary: transient
(once / 1375 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Use the adjective transient to describe something that always changes or moves around. If your older brother is constantly moving from city to city, you can say he's transient.
Transient is most often used to modify nouns like nature, threat, source and cause, which suggests that the word often shows up in formal contexts, like analysis of finance or global terrorism. But it can also be used for anything that moves quickly from one thing to another, like a transient feeling or facial expression. Transient is also a noun meaning "a person who moves from place to place; a homeless person." The word comes from Latin transire, "to pass over," so you can think of it as describing things that are quickly passed over.
WORD FAMILY
transient: transience, transiency, transiently, transients+/transiency: transiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man, who was listed as a transient, was booked about 11:45 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Vornado’s customers will also pay the county’s transient occupancy tax, as hotel users do.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
California’s top court, examining a San Diego transient occupancy ordinance, said it applied only to hotel operators, not the online businesses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 短暂的; 转瞬即逝的; 临时的
n. 临时旅客; 瞬变现象; 候鸟
分布：短暂的(97%)，短期居留者(3%)
→来自 transit,中转，过渡，-ent,形容词后缀。
短暂的(trans转移+I+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
a.短暂的,转瞬即逝的;临时的,暂住的The recipe recipient transiently made the conscientious alien client unconscious.烹饪法接受者瞬变使有责任心的外国人客户无意识.
【反】lasting＝persistent（adj 持久的）；protracted（adj 拖延的）；rooted（adj 根深蒂固的）；duration＝endurance＝perpetuity（n 持续）－transitoriness
US [-ʃənt] adjective formal
■lasting for only a short time; temporary 短暂的，转瞬即逝的；暂时的
• A glass of whisky has only a transient warming effect. 一杯威士卡只能使人暖和一会儿。
• The city has a large transient population (= many people who are living in it only temporarily). 这个城市有大量暂住人口。
UK ['træn.zi.ənt] US [-ʃənt] noun countable mainly US formal
■someone who lives only temporarily in a place 暂住者；流动人口
• It's an organization set up to provide money and help for transients. 这个组织建立的目的就是给暂住者提供金钱和帮助。
transient, temporary, momentary
这组词都有“短暂的，瞬息的”的意思，其区别是：
transient: 指停留或延续的时间很短。
temporary: 普通用词，其反义是permanent。指持续有限的可计时间，着重暂时的存在、应用或效应。
momentary: 指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。
adj. 短暂的；路过的
 - brief, little, passing
n. 瞬变现象；过往旅客；候鸟
 - visitor, migratory bird

Word: caricature
Front: caricature
[ˈkærɪkətʃʊə(r)] (托宝 10757/13963 -1)
Vocabulary: caricature
(once / 1089 pages)
nv
A caricature is a satirical, exaggerated portrayal of person. You'd better not caricature your father by walking bent-over and speaking in his high voice. If he catches you, you'll be in trouble!
An exaggeration of a person's character results in a caricature. While this might help you to remember it's meaning, don't let the spelling confuse you. Character has an "h" but caricature does not. If you're so excited about something that you feel a little out of control, you might seem like a caricature of yourself to your friends. You can use this word as a verb too. Presidents and other prominent politicians are often caricatured in political cartoons.
WORD FAMILY
caricature: caricatured, caricatures, caricaturing, caricaturist+/caricaturist: caricaturists
USAGE EXAMPLES
His mask - which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator - features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mask — which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator — features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But she’s tried to steer clear of caricatures about ’60s radicals.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. 漫画，讽刺画; 漫画手法; 夸张讽刺的描绘; 滑稽可笑的模仿
vt. 把…画成漫画; 画成漫画讽刺; 用漫画手法描绘
时态：caricatured, caricaturing, caricatures
分布：讽刺(63%)，讽刺画(20%)，歪曲(6%)，笨拙的模仿(5%)，使滑稽化(3%)，画成漫画(3%)
→来自拉丁词carricare, 装载，词源同car, charge. 原指一种表达讽刺或其它的素描画。
漫画;讽刺文[caric=load(过分)]
【记】car汽车，I我，cat猫，我在汽车和猫之间－很滑稽－漫画
US ['ker.ɪ.kə.tʃʊr] noun countable or uncountable
■(the art of making) a drawing or written or spoken description of someone, which makes part of their appearance or character more noticeable than it really is, and which usually makes them look silly 漫画（艺术）；讽刺画；讽刺描述：
• The characters in his early novels are a lot subtler than the overblown caricatures in his more recent work. 和他近期作品中夸张的讽刺描述相比，他早期小说中的人物要含蓄得多。
• figurative Over the years he's become a grotesque caricature of himself. 经过这么些年，他已经变得性情乖张，举止荒谬。
UK ['kær.ɪ.kə.tʃʊər] US ['ker.ɪ.kə.tʃʊr] verb transitive
■to create a caricature 画漫画
• Charles Dickens caricatured lawyers (= represented them in a way which made them look silly) in several of his novels. 查尔斯‧狄更斯在几本小说里对律师进行了讽刺性描述。

Word: foothill
Front: foothill
[ˈfʊthɪl] (10761/18437)
Back: n. 山麓，小丘
分布：山麓小丘(100%)
noun countable usually plural
■a low mountain or low hill at the bottom of a larger mountain or range of mountains 山麓小丘
• the foothills of the Pyrenees 庇里牛斯山脉山麓丘陵
n. 山麓小丘；丘陵地带
 - hilly country, hilly ground

Word: loot
Front: loot
[lu:t] (托 10753/14509 -2)
Vocabulary: loot
(once / 1295 pages)
nv
Burglars and pirates handle a lot of loot — otherwise known as stolen money or goods.
One bank robber might say to the other, "You watch the customers! I'm going after the loot!" Loot most often means money, especially the kind of money you didn't get legally. Loot is right up there with booty and swag in the family of words for stolen or pillaged things. When used as a verb, loot refers to the act of stealing, like when an angry mob loots the local grocery store during a riot.
WORD FAMILY
loot: looted, looter, looting, loots+/ looter: looters/looting: lootings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, cash dried up, retail commerce froze, and Maduro suspended the move as rioting and looting erupted.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
When no new bolivar notes appeared to replace the old ones, riots and looting erupted in towns across Venezuela, whose economy was already in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Long queues outside bank branches, while in some areas supermarkets and shops were looted.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 掠夺物，战利品; （官吏的）赃物，非法收入; 抢劫; 外快
vt. & vi. 抢劫，掠夺; （官吏）贪污
时态：looted, looting, loots
分布：掠夺(44%)，赃物(30%)，洗劫(17%)，掠夺品(9%)
→来自梵语loptram,lotram,打劫，偷来的物品，来自reup,抓，抢，词源同rip,rob.后引申词义战利品。印欧语字母r在与梵语l发生了音变关系，如light对应梵语词rocate,照耀，照明。
verb intransitive or transitive
■(usually of large numbers of people during a violent event) to steal from shops and houses （通常指在暴力事件中集体）抢劫，洗劫
• During the riot shops were looted and cars damaged or set on fire. 在暴乱期间商店遭洗劫，汽车被砸坏或烧毁。
[lu:t] noun uncountable
■money and valuable objects that have been stolen, especially by an army from a defeated enemy （尤指军队的）战利品，掠夺品
n. 战利品；抢劫；掠夺品
 - prize, capture
vt. 抢劫，洗劫；强夺
 - rob of, ransack
vi. 洗劫，掠夺；抢劫
 - prey upon, rob of

Word: adoptive
Front: adoptive
[əˈdɒptɪv] (10779/21113)
Back: adj. 收养的; 有收养关系的; 被采纳的; 装出来的
分布：收养的(58%)，有收养关系的(42%)
采用的(adopt+ive)[Opt=choose,表示"选择"]
US [-'dɑ:p-] adjective [before noun]
■An adoptive parent is one who has adopted a child. 收养的；有收养关系的

Word: legalize
Front: legalize
[ˈli:gəlaɪz] (托 10758/24869 -1)
Back: vt. 使合法化; 使得到法律认可
时态：legalized, legalizing, legalizes
分布：使合法化(72%)，法律上认为正当(28%)
(UK usually legalise) ['li:.gəl.aɪz] verb transitive
■to allow something by law 使获得法律许可，使合法化
• The Irish government announced it was to legalize homosexuality. 爱尔兰政府宣布将使同性恋合法化。
vt. 使合法化；公认；法律上认为…正当
 - vote, legitimise

Word: nest
Front: nest
[nest] (高研四六 4131/3867 -K2)
Vocabulary: nest
(once / 179 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A nest is a shelter or other structure that an animal uses for laying eggs or giving birth. If a bird is collecting string and straw and twigs in your yard, she's probably building a nest in a nearby tree.
Large birds of prey build nests that can be six feet high, in trees or on buildings, and up to three feet wide. Owls often make nests in tree hollows, while orioles build elaborate hammock-like nests that hang from branches. Foxes, mice, and raccoons also build nests, and people can make nests too, cozy spots to settle for a nap. As a verb, nest means "to build a nest or fit inside something larger."
WORD FAMILY
nest: nested, nester, nesting, nests+/nester: nesters
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a monitoring site in Kavewa Island, no turtle nests were found in 2010; almost 70 were identified four years later.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She thought it a relic, scrapped after it was depicted as an instrument of torture in the 1975 movie “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A stage adaptation of Janell Cannon’s book about a baby bat that falls into a bird’s nest.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （鸟）窝; 温床; （套叠在一起的）一套物件; 藏匿处
vt. 筑巢; 嵌套
vi. 筑巢
时态：nested, nesting, nests
分布：巢(58%)，窝(28%)，筑巢(12%)，嵌入(1%)，寻找鸟巢(1%)
→来自古英语nest,来自nisdos,鸟巢，来自*ni,向下，词源同beneath,*sed,坐，词源同sit.即坐的地方，落脚的地方，引申词义鸟巢，鸟窝。
n.窝,巢v.筑巢The bird nests only in northeast, northwest, southeast and southwest lest it be found.此鸟只在东北,西北,东南和西南筑巢,以免被发现.
noun countable
HOME 家
 ADVANCED
■a structure built by birds or insects to leave their eggs in to develop, and by some other animals to give birth or live in （鸟类或昆虫的）窝，巢；（某些动物的）穴
• a bird's nest 鸟巢
• a wasps'/hornets' nest 黄蜂／马蜂窝
• a rat's nest 鼠穴
• Cuckoos are famous for laying their eggs in the nests of other birds. 杜鹃以在其他鸟的窝巢里下蛋而闻名。
• The alligators build their nests out of grass near the water's edge. 短吻鳄在水边用草给自己搭窝。
■a comfortable home 舒适的居所，安乐窝
• when the children grow up and leave the nest 当孩子们长大后离开安乐窝
■a place where something unpleasant or unwanted has developed （坏事滋生的）温床，窟
• The diplomats have been sent home because their embassy has become a nest of spies and espionage. 外交官被遣送回国，因为他们的大使馆已经沦为间谍窝。
[nest] noun countable
SET 一套
■a set of things that are similar but different in size and have been designed to fit inside each other （套叠的）一套物件，一组物件
• I'd like a nest of tables for the living room. 我想在客厅里放一套桌子。
[nest] verb intransitive
■to build a nest, or live in a nest 筑巢，做窝；巢居
• We've got some swallows nesting in our roof at the moment. 现在有几只燕子在我们的屋顶下筑巢。
• Stone farm buildings are ideal nesting sites for barn owls. 石头搭建的农舍是仓鸮理想的栖息之所。
n. 巢，窝；安乐窝；温床
 - soil, eyrie
vi. 筑巢；找鸟巢
 - nidificate

Word: attire
Front: attire
[əˈtaɪə(r)] (托宝 10764/19236)
Vocabulary: attire
(once / 521 pages)
nv
The noun attire is just a formal way to say "outfit." And if you’re going outside in the middle of a blizzard, your attire should include more than a bathing suit and flip-flops.
Attire can also refer to the antlers of a deer, but that’s a pretty obscure definition. So let's stick to the more common uses: put it into verb form and it means "to dress or clothe." Which makes sense, since it comes to us from the Old French atirier, meaning “to equip, ready or prepare.” Charles Dickens wrote that “Great men are seldom over-scrupulous in the arrangement of their attire" — meaning the clothes do not make the man.
WORD FAMILY
attire: attired, attires, attiring+/ attired: unattired
USAGE EXAMPLES
Day still was all smiles, though, as he sported his new Nike golf attire.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The women on the left side, in contemporary 17th century attire, are preparing a very specific dish.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The program is free for all students, and they receive free dance attire, shoes, costuming, performance attire and musical instruments.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 服装，衣服
vt. 使穿上衣服，使穿上盛装
时态：attired, attiring, attires
分布：服装(71%)，打扮(16%)，盛装(10%)，穿衣(3%)
→前缀at-同ad-. -tire同单词tier, 准备，安排，层级。服装是身份的象征，所以该词特指比较正式的衣服。
打扮,穿着(at强调动作+tir+e→[把衣服]拉直→打扮)[tir=draw,表示"拉"]
【记】tire累－穿盛装（比如燕尾服、晚礼服等）肯定会累。因为穿这种衣服不但得挺胸抬头的，不能蹲不能坐的，还得特小心，如果弄脏了，洗都没法洗，一晚上下来，腰也酸了，背也疼了，腿也抽筋了，一个字—累。
US [-'taɪr] formal
noun uncountable
■clothes, especially of a particular or formal type （尤指特定样式或正式的）服装，衣着
• I hardly think jeans are appropriate attire for a wedding. 我觉得穿牛仔裤去参加婚礼不怎么合适。
n. 服装；盛装
 - clothing, wear, garment, apparel
vt. 打扮；使穿衣
 - dress oneself, habit, array

Word: info
Front: info
[ˈɪnfəʊ] (10751/15801 -1)
Vocabulary: info
(once / 3609 pages)
n
Info is a fact — or many facts — about a person or a thing. When you ask for more info about a city you're visiting, you might want to know about its history, its public transportation, or its best restaurants.
Info is an informal, shortened form of information. You can get info by doing research at the library, searching online, or simply asking questions. To find out some basic info about a dance class, you could ask the teacher, for example. This casual, common word was coined at the very start of the 20th century, from information, from the Latin root informationem, "outline or idea."
WORD FAMILY
info
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The limit on the size is the available nesting habitat, and we’ve got reasonable info that all the available nesting habitat is being used.”
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Visitors should check the forest’s website for info on which roads remain open.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Info: 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. daily through Dec. 26, 206-621-1700 or fairmont.com/seattle/press-room/teddy-bear-suite-celebrates-20th-anniversary.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 信息
分布：信息(100%)
US [-foʊ] noun uncountable informal for
■ information 资讯和通讯技术
n. 信息；情报
 - appletalk Apple Talk, gen

Word: racing
Front: racing
[ˈreɪsɪŋ] (10760/7844 -K3)
Back: n. 速度比赛，赛跑，赛马，赛车等; 竞赛
adj. 专为比赛而设计或饲养的，比赛用的
vi. 赛马(race的ing形式); 竞赛
分布：赛马(73%)，竞赛(17%)，赛马用的(4%)，竞赛用的(4%)，动词race的现在分词.(2%)
noun uncountable
■competition in races （速度）比赛
• I enjoy cycling, but I'm not interested in racing. 我喜欢骑踏车，但是对脚踏车赛不感兴趣。
• I like watching horse/motor racing on television. 我喜欢看电视赛马／摩托车赛节目。
■horse races 赛马会
n. 赛马；竞赛
 - competition, match, contest
adj. 比赛的
 - competitive, played

Word: derivative
Front: derivative
[dɪˈrɪvətɪv] (托宝 10778/9140 -1)
Vocabulary: derivative
(once / 1514 pages)
nadj
Alert: shifting parts of speech! As a noun, a derivative is kind of financial agreement or deal. As an adjective, though, derivative describes something that borrows heavily from something else that came before it.
The economic meltdown of the last decade is due largely to the mismanagement of derivatives, which are deals based on the outcome of other deal. A movie plot might be described as derivative if it steals from another film — say, if it lifts the tornado, the witch, and the dancing scarecrow from The Wizard of Oz.
WORD FAMILY
derivative: derivatively, derivatives, underivative+/ derivation: derivational, derivations/ derive: derivable, derivation, derivative, derived, derives, deriving/ derived: underived
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2005, Deutsche Bank, then a powerhouse in the selling of risky derivatives on a global scale, was minting money.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dollar International Swaps and Derivatives Association Fix, which is used to set prices for interest-rate swaps.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Other settlements were reached with varying groups of banks over cartels related to derivatives and benchmarks in Swiss francs and yen.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. [数]导数，微商; [化] 衍生物，派生物; [语]派生词
adj. 衍生的; 导出的; 拷贝的
分布：导数(89%)，派生物(5%)，派生的(5%)，衍生字(1%)
【记】de下面，rive＝river河－下面的河－支流－派生
【参】derive（v 起源；派生）；derivation（n 来历；出处；词源）
【反】precursory（adj 先驱的）；innovative（adj 创新的）；seminal（adj 种子的；开创性的）
US [-ţɪv] disapproving
■If something is derivative, it is not the result of new ideas, but has been developed from something else 缺乏独创性的；模仿的
• His painting/style is terribly derivative. 他的油画／风格有很重的模仿痕迹。
noun countable UK [dɪˈrɪv.ɪ.tɪv] US [-ə.ţɪv] specialized
■a form of something, such as a word, made or developed from another form 衍生物，派生物；派生词
• 'Detestable' is a derivative of 'detest'. 生字 detestable 是从 detest 派生而来的。
n. [化学] 衍生物，派生物
 - ramification, offshoot
adj. 派生的；引出的
 - extracted, descendent

Word: macho
Front: macho
[ˈmætʃəʊ] (10772/11273 -1)
Vocabulary: macho
(once / 10864 pages)
adjn
A man who's aggressively masculine can be described as macho. A boxer might try to intimidate his opponent by walking into the ring with a macho swagger.
To be macho is to display a tough, fierce, overly confident facade. A man who's macho would never cry or sip a cup of tea or pet a kitten, because none of these things would be seen as "manly" enough. In Spanish, macho means "male animal," from the Latin root masculus, also "male," but also "worthy of a man."
WORD FAMILY
macho: machos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It is because they didn’t patronizingly speak in the advertising campaign in a very macho, aggressive language like most beer advertising used in the past.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
They grew up in a large family - seven sisters and seven brothers - and in a traditional, macho culture.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He got on the FBI’s radar while agents were investigating another gambling ring there, Macho Sports.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 大男子气概的
n. 男子汉
分布：大男子气概的(60%)，大男子气概(40%)
→来自西班牙语macho,男人，男性，缩写自拉丁语masculus,男性的，词源同male,masculine.-ism,主义。引申词义大男子。
US ['mɑ:.tʃoʊ] adjective informal mainly disapproving
■behaving forcefully or showing no emotion in a way traditionally thought to be typical of a man 大男人气的
• He's too macho to admit he was hurt when his girlfriend left him. 他太大男人气了，不肯承认女友离他而去使他受到伤害。
• I can't stand macho men. 我受不了大男人主义的人。
n. 强壮男子；大丈夫
 - Real Man

Word: colonialism
Front: colonialism
[kəˈləʊniəlɪzəm] (10777/16256 -1)
Vocabulary: colonialism
(once / 10563 pages)
n
Colonialism has to do with one country exploiting another country by making it into a colony. Which is usually good for the mother country and bad for the colony.
Colonialism is a system in which one country creates an empire by taking over other lands and making them into colonies. Colonies don't have power over themselves, and the mother country takes resources and money from the colony. It's not a very fair system, but it's also how the United States got its start: England was really into colonialism and had built a huge empire, until some feisty American patriots decided to rebel.
WORD FAMILY
colonialism: colonialisms, colonialist, neocolonialism +/ colonial: colonialism, colonially, colonials/colonialist: colonialists/colonisation: colonisations, decolonisation/colonise: colonisation, colonised, coloniser, colonises, colonising, decolonise/coloniser: colonisers/ colonist: colonists/ colonization: colonizations/colonize: colonization, colonized, colonizer, colonizes, colonizing, decolonize/colonizer: colonizers/ colony: colonial, colonies, colonise, colonist, colonize/decolonize: decolonization, decolonized, decolonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
While the West African country is overwhelmingly Muslim, some Malians converted to Christianity during colonialism when the country was ruled by predominantly Catholic France.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
While most German cities commemorate the victims of the Nazi period, there are no significant monuments to the victims of German colonialism.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The English language, carried by colonialism and capitalism, is all over the place.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 殖民主义，殖民政策; 殖民地特征; 〈美〉守旧主义
分布：殖民主义(100%)
US [-'loʊ-] noun uncountable
■the belief in and support for the system of one country controlling another 殖民主义

Word: frontal
Front: frontal
[ˈfrʌntl] (10785/14575 -1)
Back: adj. 前面的; 正面的; 前额
n. 遮挡祭坛前的帷幕; 建筑物的正面
分布：正面的(37%)，额的(22%)，前的(15%)，额饰(9%)，祭坛前面的罩巾(9%)，三角门楣(4%)，建筑物的正面(4%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective [before noun] formal or specialized
■relating to the front of something 前面的；前部的
• the frontal lobes/regions of the brain 大脑前叶／的前部区域
⇒ See also full-frontal
frontal assault/attack
■very strong criticism of someone or something 严厉的批评；直截了当的批评
• a frontal attack on the politician 对这个从政者直截了当的批评
adj. 额的； [气象] 正面的，前面的
 - anterior, full-face

Word: strained
Front: strained
[streɪnd] (10773/11473 -1)
Back: adj. 紧张的; 不友善的; 经过滤的; 态度不自然的，勉强的
v. 拉紧( strain的过去式和过去分词); 尽量利用; 尽全力; 过滤
vt. 过滤，滤去; 歪曲; 扭伤; 拉紧
vi. 受到强大的压力; 不懈; 拉紧，紧绷; 犹豫
n. 口气，语调; 过劳损伤; 压力; 紧张状态
分布：紧张的(78%)，不自然的(22%)
→strain,压力，受压，-ed,形容词后缀。
adjective
■If a relationship is strained, problems are spoiling that relationship （关系）紧张的，恶化的
• Relations between the two countries have become strained (= difficult) recently. 最近两国关系变得紧张起来。
■showing that someone is nervous or worried 紧张的，焦虑的，神色不安的
• She was looking strained and had dark circles beneath her eyes. 她显得焦虑不安，眼睛下面有黑眼圈。
• Jean felt uncomfortable but managed to force a strained smile. 琼觉得不舒服，但仍然勉强挤出一丝笑容。
adj. 紧张的；勉强的；牵强附会的；滤过的
 - intense, stressed, narrow, reluctant

Word: viability
Front: viability
[ˌvaɪə'bɪlətɪ] (托宝 10788/8975)
Vocabulary: viability
(once / 14105 pages)
1n 2n
The noun viability means the quality of being able to happen or having a reasonable chance of success. The viability of holding your party at a restaurant might depend on how many guests they can seat.
Viability comes from the Latin root vita, meaning "life." So the noun viability also refers to something's capacity to live and grow. When your dog has a litter of puppies, you can't help wondering about the viability of the tiniest one, but if you feed him with an eyedropper and keep him warm, he might make it.
WORD FAMILY
viable: nonviable, viability, viably+/ vie: viable, vied, vieing, vies, vying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city Department of Transportation didn’t immediately respond to a query about the viability of his claim.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Spending the money deposited in these funds—rather than just the investment income they generate—is threatening the funds’ long-term viability.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
He added that settlements "constitute a major obstacle to peace, gravely diminishing the viability of the two-state solution".
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 生存能力，发育能力; 生活力
分布：可行性(57%)，生存能力(39%)，发育能力(4%)
生存能力[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】源于：viable（adj 能生育的；可行的）
【反】inability to live（不能生存）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■ability to work as intended or to succeed 可以实施的；可望成功的
• Rising costs are threatening the viability of many businesses. 不断上涨的成本正在威胁许多企业的生存。
■specialized
■ability to continue to exist or develop as a living being 能生长发育的；可以存活的
• As the world population of Hawaiian geese has shrunk to very small numbers, the bird's continuing viability is in doubt. 全球范围内夏威夷雁已经所剩无几，这种鸟能否继续繁衍下去让人怀疑。
n. [生物] 生存能力，发育能力；可行性
 - feasibility, practicability

Word: mare
Front: mare
[meə(r)] (宝 10747/7364 -2)
Vocabulary: mare
(once / 489 pages)
1n 2n
A mare is an adult female horse. If your new horse is a filly, a female baby horse, she'll grow up to be a mare.
Horse experts have many words to distinguish the age and sex of their animals, from foal, for any newborn horse, to stallion, a full grown male, to colt, a young male horse. Mares are known for being more easy-going than stallions, and because they're equally fast and powerful, they're as likely as males to be used for racing. Another meaning of mare ("sea" in Latin) is "dark areas of the moon," once believed to be actual oceans.
WORD FAMILY
mare: mares
USAGE EXAMPLES
Handlers sometimes will try to immobilize one of the mare’s hind legs during the process because you can’t kick as hard on only three legs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Met Police were called to the store on Mare Street in Hackney at about 14:35 GMT.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Prosecutors in court documents say Davis didn’t properly care for the five mares seized on Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 母马，母驴; <天>月球表面阴暗部; 〈外〉海; 骒马
分布：母马(80%)，母驴(20%)
→来自古英语mere,来自mearh的阴性格，来自Proto-Germanic*markhjon,来自mark,马。部分学者认为该词来自古高卢词源，也有部分学者认为该词最终来自汉藏语系，即ma,马。mare 月海，月球表面阴暗部
【记】nightmare＝night＋mare晚上的母马－恶梦。
US [mer] noun countable
■an adult female horse （成年）母马 Compare stallion
n. 母马；母驴；月球表面阴暗部
 - jennet

Word: synonymous
Front: synonymous
[sɪˈnɒnɪməs] (托 10771/10045 -1)
Vocabulary: synonymous
(once / 2417 pages)
adj
If two words are synonymous, they mean the same thing. You tried to convince her that "love" and "chocolate" were not synonymous, but it was no use.
In addition to describing words with the same or similar meanings, you can use the adjective synonymous to describe things that are similar in a more figurative way. Summer is synonymous with picnics, playing outside, and days at the beach. Summer is also synonymous with ants, skinned knees, and sunburn!
WORD FAMILY
synonymous: synonymity, synonymously, synonymousness+/ synonym: synonymous, synonyms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For some Maryland police departments, such as in Baltimore County, the Public Information Act is synonymous with policy regarding the footage.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The winner of this battle will determine whether the Trump name forever becomes synonymous with climate heroism or villainy.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
As J.J. became synonymous with “Star Wars” and more of a household name and face, the inquiries increased.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 同义的，类义的; 同义词的
分布：同义的(92%)，暗示的(8%)
→synonym,同义词，-ous,形容词后缀。
【记】syno＝same，nym＝name，ous－同样名字的－同义的
US [-'nɑ:.nə-] adjective
■having the same meaning 同义的，近义的
• The words 'annoyed' and 'irritated' are more or less synonymous. annoyed 和 irritated 两个词几乎是同义的。
■If you say that one thing is synonymous with another, you mean that the two things are so closely connected in most people's minds that one suggests the other 等同的
• Oscar Wilde's name is synonymous with wit. 奥斯卡‧王尔德的名字成了机智幽默的同义词。

Word: clothe
Front: clothe
[kləʊð] (研四 10775/9871)
Vocabulary: clothe
(once / 52 pages)
v
To clothe someone is to give them something to wear, or to dress them in clothing. If you clothe your dog in cute outfits, you may traumatize him for life.
You can clothe yourself, or someone else — for example, you might clothe yourself in black for a relative's funeral or clothe yourself in sequins and feathers for the school dance. You can also figuratively clothe someone or something, lending them a sense of power or respectability. Clothe shares a root with clothing and cloth, the Old English claþ, "cloth or sail," and also "woven material to wrap around oneself."
WORD FAMILY
clothe: clothed, clothes, clothing, overclothe, unclothe, underclothed, underclothes+/ clothes: clothesless/ clothing: clothings, underclothing/overclothe: overclothed, overclothes, overclothing/unclothe: unclothed, unclothes, unclothing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sort clothes by type, grouping pants together, then shirts or blouses, jackets or dresses.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Electronic toys and games played outside school plus the availability of knockoff German army clothes may stoke curiosity about the Nazis, Liang said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A newspaper investigation last year claimed women and girls were charged, on average, 37% more for clothes, beauty products and toys.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 给…提供衣服，把衣服穿（在身上）; <文>覆盖; 赋予
v. （用语言）表达; 使蒙受（耻辱）; 赋与…以（权力，特性等）; 穿衣服
时态：clothed, cloathing, clothes
分布：穿上(57%)，赋予(43%)
→来自cloth,衣物。-e,动词后缀，比较bath,bathe.
v.(给...)穿衣,供给...衣服She likes nothing but things of clothing and cloth.除了衣物和布料之类的东西外,她什么也不喜欢.
US [kloʊð] verb transitive
■to provide someone with clothes 给（某人）提供衣服；给（某人）衣服穿
• It costs a lot to feed and clothe five children. 解决五个孩子的吃穿问题花费很大。
vt. 给…穿衣；覆盖；赋予
 - dress, invest, put, house, sheet

Word: abstinence
Front: abstinence
[ˈæbstɪnəns] (托 10794/16463 -1)
Vocabulary: abstinence
(once / 1921 pages)
n
If you are a chocolate lover, you'll have to show great restraint when the dessert cart rolls over if you are practicing abstinence, another word for "refraining." It might take a lot of willpower not to throw yourself at the cart.
Abstinence is the opposite of indulgence. People who practice abstinence deny themselves something, often something they really want. Regardless of whether people are abstaining from food, alcohol, or sex, they have to practice self-control. In fact, the word is derived from the Latin term for "to hold back." The word abstinence is often used in reference to sex education courses that teach kids to hold themselves back from having sex.
WORD FAMILY
abstinence: abstinences+/ abstain: abstained, abstainer, abstaining, abstains, abstention, abstinent /abstainer: abstainers/ abstention: abstentions/ abstinent: abstinence, abstinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of three of the six Cleveland brothers who survives today, he credits much of his health to a longtime abstinence of alcohol and tobacco.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
In its own manual, the Islamic State outlines the abstinence method as one option.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2016)
Abstinence became a popular message in some parts of the U.S.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 节制; 节欲; 戒酒
分布：节制(60%)，戒酒(23%)，禁食(17%)
节制;禁欲(abs+tin拿住+ense→不在拿住→戒除,禁欲)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
戒除;节制(abs离开+tin+ence→不在拿住→戒除)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
noun uncountable formal
■not doing something, such as drinking alcohol or having sex 戒绝，戒除
• The best way to avoid pregnancy is total abstinence from sex. 最有效的避孕方法是完全禁欲。
n. 节制；节欲；戒酒；禁食
 - temperateness, denial

Word: twirl
Front: twirl
[twɜ:l] (10782/20580 -1)
Back: vt. （使）快速转动; （使）快速旋转; 扭动; 卷曲
n. 旋转，转动; 万能钥匙; 捻弄; 旋转的东西
vi. 旋转，转动
时态：twirled, twirling, twirls
分布：快速转动(48%)，扭转(26%)，旋转的东西(26%)
US [twɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) give a sudden quick turn or set of turns in a circle （使）旋转；（使）转动；（使）缠绕
• She danced and twirled across the room. 她在房间里转着圈跳舞。
• He twirled the ribbon round the stick. 他把丝带缠绕在棍子上。
• He twirled his umbrella as he walked. 他边走边旋转伞子。
• She twirled her baton high in the air as she led the parade. 导引受阅方队时，她高高旋动司仪杖。
n. 转动，旋转；旋转的东西；万能钥匙
 - revolution, rotation, rolling, turning, wheel
vi. 旋转，转动
 - wheel, circle, screw, turn, roll

Word: picket
Front: picket
[ˈpɪkɪt] (10774/10545 -1)
Vocabulary: picket
(once / 836 pages)
1nv 2nv
A picket is a vertical wooden board in a fence. You might have a white picket fence enclosing your whole front yard, so your little dog can't escape.
Besides the "wooden stake or strip" meaning, you can also use picket as a verb to mean "protest or strike." When disgruntled workers go on strike, they often picket outside their workplace, holding signs and chanting. You can also call one of these protesting workers a picket. The original meaning, from the 1680s, is "a pointed stake used as a defensive weapon." And the original picket line was a line of military troops.
WORD FAMILY
picket: picketed, picketing, pickets, picketted
USAGE EXAMPLES
They met as student civil rights activists walking picket lines outside Woolworth’s in Flatbush.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“We’ve been picketing and protesting for much of the last year and here we are finally with a contract,” Khan said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Dallas School District teachers hit the picket lines Nov. 14, 15 months after their last contract expired.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 罢工纠察员; 警戒队; [建]尖木桩; [军]步哨，哨兵
vt. 用尖桩围住; 派…担任纠察; 用警戒哨保卫; （把马等）系在桩上
vi. 担任纠察
时态：picketed, picketted, picketing, pickets
分布：纠察队(41%)，尖木桩(29%)，用桩围住(6%)，前哨(6%)，设置警戒哨(6%)，工会纠察员(6%)，担任纠察员(6%)
→来自法语piquet,尖木桩，来自piquer,刺，刺穿，词源同pike,pique.原指对抗骑兵的竖在地上的尖刺或木桩，引申词义看守敌人的巡逻队，后引申现词义。
noun countable
■a worker or group of workers who protest outside a building to prevent other workers from going inside, especially because they have a disagreement with their employers （罢工时阻止其他工人上班的）纠察员；纠察队
• There were pickets outside the factory gates. 工厂门外有一些纠察员。
■the occasion on which this happens 罢工纠察时期
• The union organised a month-long picket. 工会组织了长达一个月的罢工纠察。
n. [军] 警戒哨； [劳经] 纠察队； [建] 尖木桩
 - outguard

Word: backcountry
Front: backcountry
[ˈbækkʌntri] (10765/-)
Back: <美>穷乡僻壤
分布：边远地区(75%)，偏僻的农村地区(25%)
N-SING
偏远地区
The back country is an area that is a long way from any city and has very few people living in it.
例：They have moved deep into the back country.他们搬到了非常偏远的地方。
n. 偏僻地区；边远地区；穷乡僻壤
 - hinterland, boondocks

Word: propulsion
Front: propulsion
[prəˈpʌlʃn] (六托雅宝 10762/21313 -1)
Vocabulary: propulsion
(once / 6900 pages)
n
The act of moving something forward is called propulsion. Propulsion is the force that pushes a rocket into space, that sends a football spiraling toward a receiver's hands, and that moves a strongly kicking swimmer through the water.
The noun propulsion came from the Latin prōpellere, "to push away." The modern meaning of propulsion meaning "the act of moving forward" was first recorded in 1799. In water, flippers, fins, and the wind can aid propulsion. In a general sense, if society is to move forward, we must stop using fossil fuels as our main means of propulsion.
WORD FAMILY
propulsion: propulsions+/ propel: propellant, propelled, propellent, propeller, propelling, propellor, propels, propulsion, propulsive / propellant: propellants/propelled: self-propelled/propellent: propellents/ propeller: propellers/propelling: self-propelling/propellor: propellors/ propulsive: propulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The littoral fleet is designed to operate close to shore with steerable jet propulsion.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A similar dragnet at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory would yield plenty of genius-level fluid dynamicists responsible for computerized models of the Earth’s atmosphere.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Listen to the start of “Superstition,” from Talking Book—among the most recognizable drum intros of all time, built entirely on Wonder’s funky propulsion.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 推进; 推进力
分布：推进(93%)，推进力(7%)
→来自propel,推进，推动，-s,过去分词后缀。
推进(力)(pro向前+puls+ion→推进;动词;propel)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
推进(propulse推进,pro+pulse冲动)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【记】pro向前，pul推动，sion－向前推－推动力
【参】repulse（v 拒绝；击退）；impulsive（adj 冲动的）
noun
uncountable
■a force that pushes something forward 推进；推动力
• wind propulsion 风力推进
• a propulsion system 推进系统
⇒ See also jet propulsion
n. [力] 推进；推进力
 - drive, pulsion

Word: sub
Front: sub
[sʌb] (10767/9196 -2)
Back: n. 潜水艇; 代用品，代替者，替补队员; 地铁; 审校员
vi. 做替身，做替补队员; 做替身，审校（文稿）
时态：subbed, subbing, subs
分布：潜艇(65%)，替代(23%)，转包合同(8%)，替代品(4%)
→缩写自 substitute,代替，替代。
noun countable
MONEY 钱 UK informal for
■ subscription
• Have you paid your tennis-club sub yet? 你付了网球俱乐部的会费没有？
[sʌb] noun countable
CHANGE 改变 UK and US informal for
■ substitute
• One of the players was injured during the match, so a sub was brought on. 比赛中一个队员受伤，于是一个替补队员顶上。
[sʌb] noun countable
SHIP 船 informal for
■ submarine
• a nuclear sub 核子潜艇
[sʌb] noun countable
BREAD 面包 US informal for
■ submarine sandwich
[sʌb] verb intransitive (-bb-)
■to replace someone, especially in a game of football 替换（替换某人，特别是足球比赛中）
• Travis subbed for the injured defender. 特拉维斯替换受伤的那个后卫。
n. 潜水艇；地铁；替补队员
 - metro, subway
vi. 代替
 - cover for, stand in for sb, take the place of somebody

Word: spreading
Front: spreading
['spredɪŋ] (10789/11474)
Back: v. 撒布; 伸开( spread的现在分词 ); 展开; （使）传播; （使）散布
分布：动词spread的现在分词.(50%)，撒布(50%)
VERB
摊开;铺开
If you spread something somewhere, you open it out or arrange it over a place or surface, so that all of it can be seen or used easily.
例：She spread a towel on the sand and lay on it...她在沙滩上铺了一条毛巾，躺在上面。
例：His coat was spread over the bed.他的外套摊在床上。
VERB
伸出，张开,叉开(手臂、双手、手指、双腿等)
If you spread your arms, hands, fingers, or legs, you stretch them out until they are far apart.
例：Sitting on the floor, spread your legs as far as they will go without overstretching...坐在地板上，在不要拉伤的前提下将双腿尽量分开。
例：He stepped back and spread his hands wide. 'You are most welcome to our home.'他往后退了一步，伸开双手。“非常欢迎你到我们家来。”
VERB
涂;抹;敷
If you spread a substance on a surface or spread the surface with the substance, you put a thin layer of the substance over the surface.
例：Spread the mixture in the cake tin and bake for 30 minutes...将混合物抹在蛋糕烤盘里，烘烤 30 分钟。
例：A thick layer of wax was spread over the surface...表面涂上了厚厚的一层蜡。
N-MASS
涂抹在面包上的酱
Spread is a soft food which is put on bread.
例：...a wholemeal salad roll with low fat spread.涂有低脂酱的全麦色拉面包卷
V-ERG
(使)传播;(使)散布;(使)扩散
If something spreads or is spread by people, it gradually reaches or affects a larger and larger area or more and more people.
例：The industrial revolution which started a couple of hundred years ago in Europe is now spreading across the world.两百多年前始于欧洲的工业革命目前正在向全世界传播。
例：...the sense of fear spreading in residential neighborhoods...在住宅小区中蔓延的恐惧感
V-ERG
(使)扩散;(使)散开;(使)蔓延
If something such as a liquid, gas, or smoke spreads or is spread, it moves outwards in all directions so that it covers a larger area.
例：Fire spread rapidly after a chemical truck exploded...一辆装有化学品的卡车爆炸后，火势迅速蔓延。
例：A dark red stain was spreading across his shirt...一块深红色的污渍正在他的衬衫上渗开。
VERB
将…分散(在一段时间内);分期做
If you spread something over a period of time, it takes place regularly or continuously over that period, rather than happening at one time.
例：There seems to be little difference whether you eat all your calorie allowance in one go, or spread it over the day...不管你是一次性摄入全天的卡路里限量，还是在一天内分次摄入，结果好像没有多大差别。
例：The course is spread over a five week period.这门课将持续 5 周时间。
VERB
分摊;均摊
If you spread something such as wealth or work, you distribute it evenly or equally.
例：...policies that spread the state's wealth more evenly...更加平均地分配国家财富的政策
例：The loss of jobs has been far more evenly spread across the regions than it was during the early 1980s.失业数字在各地区之间的分布要比 20 世纪 80 年代初均衡多了。
N-SING
(想法、兴趣等的)广泛，多样
A spread of ideas, interests, or other things is a wide variety of them.
例：A topic-based approach can be hard to assess in primary schools with a typical spread of ability...因为学生的能力通常差异很大，基于话题的教学方法在小学里评估起来可能很难。
例：We have an enormous spread of industries, mainly in the Home Counties and East Anglia.我们拥有种类繁多的工业，主要位于伦敦周围各郡和东英吉利地区。
N-COUNT
(尤指为某一特殊场合准备的)丰盛饭菜，盛宴
A spread is a large meal, especially one that has been prepared for a special occasion.
N-COUNT
(书籍、杂志、报纸中)横贯两版的篇幅
A spread is two pages of a book, magazine, or newspaper that are opposite each other when you open it at a particular place.
例：There was a double-page spread of a dinner for 46 people.有一张横贯两版的、由 46 人参加的宴席的照片。
N-SING
(股票的)价差
Spread is used to refer to the difference between the price that a seller wants someone to pay for a particular stock or share and the price that the buyer is willing to pay.
例：Market makers earn their livings from the spread between buying and selling prices.做市商靠赚取买卖价差生存。
v. 传播（spread的ing形式）；摊开
 - disseminating, diffusing

Word: second-hand
Front: second-hand
[ˈsekəndˈhænd] (六雅 -1)
Back: adj. 旧的，二手的; 用过的; 间接得来的; （学说等）不是独创的
n. （钟表的）秒针; 旧货
adv. 间接地; 第二手地
分布：二手的(50%)，用过的(50%)
→second,第二的，hand,手。
adjective adverb
 ADVANCED
■not new; having been used in the past by someone else 旧（的）；二手（的）
• This bike is second-hand but it's still in good condition. 这辆脚踏车是二手货，但车况还不错。
• She buys all her clothes second-hand. 她买的衣服都是旧的。
adj. 旧的，二手的
 - used, auld
adv. 间接地，第二手地
 - indirectly

Word: blatant
Front: blatant
[ˈbleɪtnt] (宝 10787/11081 -1)
Vocabulary: blatant
(once / 3325 pages)
adj
Something blatant is very obvious and offensive. Don't get caught in a blatant lie, because you won't be able to weasel your way out of it.
Blatant acts are done without trying to hide them. This adjective is probably from Latin blaterare "to chatter, croak" or Latin blatīre "to chatter, gossip." A near synonym is flagrant.
WORD FAMILY
blatant: blatancy, blatantly +/blatancy: blatancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blatant body checking is banned, but there is plenty of contact.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
These measures are more blatant than the abuses that provoked calls for more inclusive governance 30 years ago.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“You just never see examples that are this blatant.”
New York Times(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 公然的; 明目张胆的; 露骨的
分布：公然的(36%)，明目张胆的(30%)，炫耀的(20%)，喧闹的(14%)
→blat, 同bleat, 羊叫，拟声词。指明目张胆的说坏话。
【记】1）blat喋喋不休，ant蚂蚁－喋喋不休的蚂蚁在炫耀自己搬家的本领－喧哗的，炫耀的。参：blatter（v 滔滔不绝地说）2）bla读：不累，ant蚂蚁－不累的蚂蚁在disco－喧哗的，炫耀的
【反】unobtrusive（adj 不多嘴的，谦虚的）；subtle（adj 微妙的）；unimpressive（adj 无印象的）；inconspicuous（adj 不显眼的）
adjective
■describes something bad that is very obvious or intentional 明目张胆的，公然的
• a blatant lie 弥天大谎
• The whole episode was a blatant attempt to gain publicity. 整个事件完全是旨在宣传的露骨炒作。
adj. 喧嚣的；公然的；炫耀的；俗丽的
 - declared, ambitious

Word: moderate
Front: moderate
[ˈmɒdərət] (研四六托雅 3264/4567 -3)
Vocabulary: moderate
(once / 149 pages)
1adjnv 2v
A moderate voter is someone who is politically speaking, in the center. In other words, they are not quite left or right, but somewhere in the middle.
Moderate comes from the Latin for "medium sized," and as a noun and an adjective it means "middle, medium." If you get moderate rainfall, it's not too much and not too little. Goldilocks was known for her moderate tastes. As a verb, it means "to temper," or "to reduce from the extreme." If you moderate your speed while driving, you slow down a bit. If you moderate a discussion, you help two or more people have a reasonable conversation.
WORD FAMILY
moderate: immoderate, moderated, moderately, moderateness, moderates, moderating, moderation, moderatism, moderator+/ immoderate: immoderately, immoderateness, immoderation/moderated: unmoderated/ moderation: moderationism, moderationist, moderations/moderator: moderators, moderatorship
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brewer criticized school busing, as did foes of desegregation, but he appeared moderate on race when compared with Wallace.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hopefully they'll be able to listen - and then start to moderate.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Austin says three other people in his car and the SUV driver were hospitalized with moderate to severe injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有节制的; 稳健的，温和的; 适度的，中等的; <美俚>慢吞吞的
vt. 使和缓; 主持; 节制
vi. 变缓和; 作主持人
时态：moderated, moderating, moderates
分布：温和的(43%)，适度的(27%)，节制(13%)，中等的(10%)，稳健的(6%)，稳健的人(1%)
→来自mode,模式，方式，尺度。引申词义适度的，适中的。
适度的,适中的(moder[=mod]+ate→做事有风度→适度的)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
有节制的(moder模,规矩)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
a.有节制的,中等的,适度的,温和的,稳健的The modest man moderately modified the model in this mode.谦虚者适度地用这种方式修改了模型.
【参】moderator（n 缓和剂；调解人）；modest（adj 谦虚的；适度的）；moiety（n 二分之一；一部分）
US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
MEDIUM-SIZED 中等的
 ADVANCED
■neither small nor large but between the two; clearly within the limits of a range of possibilities 中等的；不过分的，适度的
• moderate growth/inflation 适度的增长／通货膨胀
• He's a moderate drinker. 他是个饮酒有节制的人。
• The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family. 这间小屋中等大小——正适合一个小家庭。
• Imposing sanctions is a moderate action when you consider that the alternative is military intervention. 如果考虑到另一选择是军事干预的话，你就会发现实施制裁并不是过分的举措。
adjective UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
SLIGHT 轻微的
■slight or limited; not as great as hoped for 有限的；不大的
• There has been a moderate improvement in her health since she began the treatment. 开始治疗后，她的健康状况稍有好转。
• We have had moderate success in changing people's attitudes. 我们在改变人们的态度方面有一点成果。
adjective UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-]
OPINIONS 意见
■describes opinions, especially political ones, that are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people （尤指政见）温和的，不激烈的，不偏激的
• The party leader is an extreme left-winger, but her deputy is more moderate in her views. 那个党的领导人是极左分子，但她的副手观点较温和。
noun countable UK [ˈmɒd.ər.ət] US [ˈmɑː.də˞-/
■a person whose opinions, especially their political ones, are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people （尤指政见）温和派，稳健派
• He is well-known as a moderate in the party. 他是这个党派中出名的温和派。
verb intransitive or transitive UK [ˈmɒd.ər.eɪt] US [ˈmɑː.də.reɪt/
■to (cause to) become less in size, strength, or force; to reduce something （使）缓和；（使）适中；减轻，减弱；节制
• There have been repeated calls for the president to moderate his stance on contraception. 人们反覆要求总统在避孕问题上采取较为温和的立场。
• Weather conditions have moderated, making a rescue attempt possible. 天气条件转好，令当局有可能尝试展开营救。
gentle, moderate, tender, mild, soft
这组词都有“温和的，柔和的”的意思，其区别是：
gentle: 指温柔、亲切、优雅。常含有节制和意味。
moderate: 中性词，指温和稳健，有节制，不走极端。
tender: 和gentle意思很接近。指人的感情细腻、温情慈爱和有同情心，侧重心理素质。也可指物的柔嫩等。
mild: 用于人时，指天性温顺，脾气好，不放肆粗野；用于物时，主要指适度，程度上相当缓和给人以愉快感觉。
soft: 侧重柔软或安稳、光滑，使人不感到粗糙或严酷。
adj. 稳健的，温和的；适度的，中等的；有节制的
 - pacific, medium, secondary, soft, middle
vi. 变缓和，变弱
 - weaken
vt. 节制；减轻
 - deny oneself, allay

Word: overboard
Front: overboard
[ˈəʊvəbɔ:d] (10790/14005 -1)
Vocabulary: overboard
(once / 695 pages)
1adv 2adv
You can only fall overboard if you're on a boat. If you fall overboard, don't forget your life vest!
The adverb overboard most often comes up when someone falls in the water. When it's used literally, it very specifically refers to the movement of a person or an object from a boat into the ocean or other body of water. Figuratively, to go overboard means to take something too far — you're going overboard on your diet if you refuse to eat anything that isn't green.
WORD FAMILY
overboard: overboards+/ board: boarded, boarder, boarding, boards, overboard / boarder: boarders/boarding: boardings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The woman was presumed overboard, Cunard said in a statement to local media.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
So I was always falling in the boat and knocking things overboard.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
A Nigerian woman is keening: her two children were lost overboard before rescue arrived.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 越过船边坠入水中
adj. 极其热心的; 全身心投入的
分布：自船上落下(67%)，在船外(33%)
US ['oʊ.vɚ.bɔ:rd] adverb
■over the side of a boat or ship and into the water 从船上落入水中
• Someone had fallen overboard. 有人从船上掉进水里。
UK ['əʊ.və.bɔ:d/ UK [ˌ--'-] US ['oʊ.vɚ.bɔ:rd] adverb
chuck/throw/toss sth/sb overboard informal
■to get rid of something or someone 抛弃，扔掉…
• She threw $2 million of energy shares overboard and bought computer shares instead. 她抛售200万美元的能源股，买进电脑科技股。
UK ['əʊ.və.bɔ:d/ UK [ˌ--'-] US ['oʊ.vɚ.bɔ:rd] adverb
go overboard informal
■to do something too much, or to be too excited or eager about something 做得过头；过分激动；过分热衷
• I don't suppose there'll be more than six people eating so I wouldn't go overboard with the food. 我想，吃饭的人不会超过六个，所以我不会准备太多菜。

Word: informative
Front: informative
[ɪnˈfɔ:mətɪv] (托雅 10780/8602 -1)
Vocabulary: informative
(once / 10077 pages)
adj
Use the adjective informative to describe something that gives you some kind of useful information, like an informative book about identifying the mushrooms you find growing wild in the woods near your house.
When something is informative, it's usually educational and full of facts — like an informative text book or an informative tour of the Hindu temples of northern India. If you learn a lot from something, you can call it informative. The Latin root of informative is the word informare, which means "to shape, train, instruct, or educate." Something that does those things for you is informative.
WORD FAMILY
informative: informatively, uninformative+/ inform: informant, information, informative, informatory, informed, informer, informing, informs, misinform /informant: informants/ information: disinformation, informational, informations/ informed: informedly, uninformed/informer: informers/ misinform: misinformation, misinformed, misinforming, misinforms/ misinformation: misinformations/uninformative: uninformatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then, on August 11th, another blog entry appeared, this time explaining that “informative” posts would receive higher billing.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
They are, in a perfectly academic summation, “demoralizing but informative.”
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Even so, it defended industry-funded research as playing an important and informative role in scientific debate.
New York Times(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 提供信息的; 增长见闻的
分布：情报的(51%)，见闻广博的(38%)，提供消息的(11%)
→来自information,信息。
见多识广的(inform+ative→有信息的)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
US [-'fɔ:r.mə.tˌɪv] adjective
■providing a lot of useful information 提供资讯的；增长见闻的
• This is an interesting and highly informative book. 这是一本有趣且资讯丰富的书。
adj. 教育性的，有益的；情报的；见闻广博的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, advantageous, conducive

Word: funnel
Front: funnel
[ˈfʌnl] (托雅 10793/15381 -1)
Vocabulary: funnel
(once / 1600 pages)
nv
The cone-shaped tool you use to pour liquid into a small hole is a funnel. The swirling winds of a tornado make the shape of a funnel. This is why they are called funnel clouds.
You can also use the word metaphorically to describe something that goes from wide to narrow while moving. If six lanes of traffic must funnel through a tunnel, you'll probably see a traffic jam. And if you photographed the scene from above, the cars would make a triangular shape, as if they formed a flat funnel. If a company is funneling money into research and development, it is spending lots of money in that department. Funnel cake is made by pouring batter through a funnel in to hot oil. Yum!
WORD FAMILY
funnel: funneled, funneling, funnelled, funnelling, funnels
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Blank Face LP” paints life as a funnel from one system to another: school to jail.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
He says Trump doesn’t need to funnel his comments through mainstream media outlets.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Now federal officials allege he funneled $600 million in fraudulent claims to this impoverished pocket of Appalachia, and the government turned off the spigot.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 漏斗; （轮船，火车等的）烟囱; 漏斗状物; [矿]通风井
vt. & vi. 把…灌进漏斗; 使成漏斗状; 成漏斗形; 使汇集
时态：funnelled, funnelling, funnels
分布：漏斗(81%)，烟囱(11%)，使成漏斗状(4%)，经过漏斗(1%)，漏斗状物(1%)，形成漏斗状(1%)，使经过漏斗(1%)
→缩写自拉丁语infundibulum, 工厂灰斗或漏斗。in-, 使，进入，-fund, 注入，词源同foundry, -bulum, 工具格后缀。后也用于指烟囱。
noun countable
TUBE 管子
■an object which has a wide round opening at the top, sloping sides, and a narrow tube at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into containers with narrow necks 漏斗
• When you've ground the coffee, use a funnel to pour it into the jar. 磨好咖啡后，用漏斗将其倒入罐中。
['fʌn.əl] noun countable
ON A SHIP/TRAIN 轮船／蒸汽火车上 (US also smokestack)
■a vertical metal pipe on the top of a ship or steam train through which smoke comes out （轮船或蒸汽火车上的）烟囱
['fʌn.əl] verb (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to put something, or to travel, through a funnel or something that acts like a funnel （使）流经漏斗；（使）经过漏斗形口子
• The wind funnels down these narrow streets. 风吹过狭窄的街道。
• The children funnelled along the corridor into the school hall. 孩子们沿走廊涌进学校礼堂。
• If you funnel the oil into the engine, you're less likely to spill it. 如果你用漏斗往引擎里注油，就不太可能洒出来。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to send something directly and intentionally 运送；输送
• No one knows who has been funnelling weapons to the terrorists. 没人知道是谁一直在向恐怖分子输送武器。
n. [化学] 漏斗；烟囱
 - hyponome, hopper

Word: Emmy
Front: Emmy
['emi] (9462/48406)
Back: n. 艾美奖（美国电视最高荣誉奖）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自image的拼写变体，指一著名的美国电视奖项。
['em.i] trademark
noun countable
■one of a set of American prizes given each year to actors and other people involved in making television programmes 艾美奖
• She won this year's Emmy for best screenplay for a mini-series. 她获得了今年艾美奖的电视连续短剧最佳剧本奖。

Word: stated
Front: stated
['steɪtɪd] (10770/9917)
Back: adj. 定期的，规定的，一定的
v. 规定( state的过去式和过去分词 ); 陈述; 确定; [法律]详述（案情等）
分布：规定的(60%)，定期的(25%)，阐明的(10%)，动词state的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
N-COUNT
(尤用于讨论政治事务时)国家
You can refer to countries as states, particularly when you are discussing politics.
例：Mexico is a secular state and does not have diplomatic relations with the Vatican...墨西哥是个世俗国家，和梵蒂冈没有外交关系。
例：Some weeks ago I recommended to EU member states that we should have discussions with the Americans.几周前，我曾向欧盟成员国提议我们应该和美国人进行磋商。
N-COUNT
(美国等大国的)州
Some large countries such as the USA are divided into smaller areas called states .
例：Leaders of the Southern states are meeting in Louisville.南部一些州的领导正在路易斯维尔开会。
N-PROPER
美国
The USA is sometimes referred to as the States .
N-SING
政府;国家
You can refer to the government of a country as the state .
例：The state does not collect enough revenue to cover its expenditure...该国政府入不敷出。
例：Eastern Europe shows that worker-owned factories can be as inefficient as state-owned ones.东欧的经验表明，工人所有的工厂可能和国有工厂一样效率低下。
ADJ
国有的;国家的
State industries or organizations are financed and organized by the government rather than private companies.
例：...reform of the state social-security system.对国家社会保障制度的改革
ADJ
国事的;国事礼仪的
A state occasion is a formal one involving the head of a country.
例：...the Queen's three-day state visit to France.女王对法国为期 3 天的国事访问
N-COUNT
状况;状态;情况
When you talk about the state of someone or something, you are referring to the condition they are in or what they are like at a particular time.
例：For the first few months after Daniel died, I was in a state of clinical depression...丹尼尔去世后的最初几个月里，我一直处于临床抑郁症的状态。
例：When we moved here the walls and ceiling were in an awful state...我们刚搬到这里时，墙和房顶都破旧不堪。
VERB
(以口头或书面形式正式或明确地)声称，宣称，声明
If you state something, you say or write it in a formal or definite way.
例：Clearly state your address and telephone number...清楚地报上你的地址和电话号码。
例：The police report stated that he was arrested for allegedly assaulting his wife...警方的报告称，他因涉嫌殴打妻子而被捕。
PHRASE
(因精神或健康状态不佳而)不适宜(做某事)
If you say that someone is not in a fit state to do something, you mean that they are too upset or ill to do it.
例：When you left our place, you weren't in a fit state to drive.你离开我们家时已经开不了车了。
PHRASE
不快;紧张;焦虑;惊慌
If you are in a state or if you get into a state, you are very upset or nervous about something.
例：I was in a terrible state because nobody could understand why I had this illness...我极度焦虑不安，因为谁也不知道为什么我会得这个病。
例：People will work themselves up into a state about anything.人们总会沉不住气，为任何事感到担忧。
PHRASE
(重要人物的遗体)停放供瞻仰
If the dead body of an important person lies in state, it is publicly displayed for a few days before it is buried.
adj. 规定的；阐明的；定期的
 - specified, prescribed, regulation, set, stipulated
v. 规定（state的过去分词）；陈述；阐明
 - regulated, stipulated

Word: combatant
Front: combatant
[ˈkɒmbətənt] (10776/19284 -1)
Back: adj. 战斗的; 好斗的
n. 斗士; 战士; 争斗者; [体]队员
分布：参战者(100%)
US ['kɑ:m.bə.tənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who fights in a war 战斗人员，战士，斗士
n. 战士；争斗者
 - champion, fighter, warrior
adj. 战斗的；好斗的
 - fighting, aggressive

Word: routine
Front: routine
[ru:ˈti:n] (高研四六托雅 2585/2421 -K3)
Vocabulary: routine
(once / 406 pages)
1nadj 2n 3n
A routine is like a habit or sequence that doesn't vary. There are daily routines and dance routines, and maybe even daily dance routines.
Something routine isn't unusual: routine things happen all the time. Most jobs have a routine — things that must be done on a regular basis. People often get surprised by things that aren't part of their routine, or "shake up their routine." Computer routines are predetermined and predictable. Singers and dancers also have routines — the planned performances they've (hopefully) been practicing.
WORD FAMILY
routine: routinely, routines, subroutine+/subroutine: subroutines
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the heart problem was discovered during a routine medical checkup.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Ma kept up the routine for more than a decade.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 常规; 例行程序; 生活乏味; （演出中的）一套动作
adj. 例行的; 常规的; 日常的; 普通的
分布：常规(64%)，例行公事(12%)，常规的(10%)，例行的(10%)，乏味的(2%)，无聊(2%)
→来自 route,路线，-ine,形容词后缀。引申词义常规的，日常的。
常规(rout[=route常走的道路]+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
n.例行公事,常规a.常规的,例行的The scout with shoulder-straps shouted on the outermost route as a routine.戴肩章的侦察员照例在最外围的路线上叫喊.
noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a usual or fixed way of doing things 惯例，常规；例行公事
• There's no set/fixed routine at work - every day is different. 工作内容不固定——每天都不同。
• He checks under the car for bombs as a matter of routine. 他只要开车就先习惯性地检查车下是否被安了炸弹。
 ADVANCED countable
■a regular series of movements, jokes or similar things used in a performance （表演中）一套固定的动作，固定的一套噱头．固定的表演节目
• an exercise/dance routine 一套固定的练习／舞蹈动作
• He went into his usual 'I'm the head of the family' routine (= usual way of speaking). 他又故态复萌，重弹“我是一家之主”的老调子。
countable specialized
■a part of a computer program that does a particular operation （电脑的）例行程式
[ru:'ti:n] adjective
■done as part of what usually happens, and not for any special reason 常规的
• a routine inspection /medical checkup 常规任务／检查／体检
■ordinary and not special or unusual 例行公事的；习惯性的
• a routine case of appendicitis 普通盲肠炎病例
• He died during a routine operation which went wrong. 他因一次例行性手术出错而死亡。
■disapproving
■ordinary and boring 平淡的；乏味的
• My job is so routine and boring - I hate it. 我的工作一成不变，枯燥乏味——我厌烦透了。
n. [计] 程序；日常工作；例行公事
 - procedure, program
adj. 日常的；例行的
 - daily, everyday, household

Word: distorted
Front: distorted
[dɪs'tɔ:tɪd] (10795/9537)
Vocabulary: distorted
(once / 1014 pages)
adj
If you have ever looked at yourself in a funhouse mirror, you probably saw an image that was quite distorted. Okay, so maybe your hair looked kind of weird that day, but your whole body wasn’t really that misshapen.
This adjective is derived from the Latin verb distortus, which means “to twist different ways.” When something is distorted this can mean that it has been changed from the original form in any way. Someone can have a distorted worldview, or facts from an event can be distorted in the retelling. If a politician is misquoted in the newspaper, then it could be said that her opinion has been misrepresented or distorted by the media.
WORD FAMILY
distorted: distortedly, undistorted+/ distort: distortable, distorted, distorting, distortion, distorts/ distortion: distortionist, distortions
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also plans to mention the effect of Brexit on the European Union, talking about “distorted pictures” of the EU and of parliamentary democracy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Netanyahu called the decision “distorted” but said that Israel will overcome it.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
Today’s moviegoers are as likely to see their world – however distorted – reflected back at them as they are to be entertained.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 扭歪的，受到曲解的
v. 歪曲( distort的过去式和过去分词 ); 曲解; 扭曲; 使变形
分布：歪曲的(65%)，受到曲解的(21%)，动词distort的过去式和过去分词.(7%)，扭歪的(7%)
US [-'stɔ:r.tˌɪd] adjective
■changed from the usual, original, natural or intended form 歪曲的，曲解的（与最初的形式不一样）
• This report gives a somewhat distorted impression of what actually happened. 这篇报道有些失实。
• The music just gets distorted when you play it so loud. 音乐的声音放得太大就会失真。
• His face was distorted in agony. 他的脸因痛苦而扭曲了。
adj. 歪曲的；受到曲解的
 - ill-natured, tipsy

Word: fanatic
Front: fanatic
[fəˈnætɪk] (托雅宝 10797/11667 -1)
Vocabulary: fanatic
(once / 539 pages)
nadj
If you’re apt to come off as a little zany and express extreme enthusiasm for a particular idea or thing, you may be described as a fanatic. "She’s a real vegetable fanatic; I’ve never seen someone so enthusiastic about gardening methods.
From the Latin fanaticus meaning “mad, enthusiastic,” the noun fanatic means “zealous person.” You know how right before the family gathers for Thanksgiving each year, everyone warns each other not to get your Uncle Jimmy started on the role of government in everyday life? That’s because he’s a fanatic, and as Winston Churchill so aptly phrased it, “A fanatic is someone who can’t change his mind and won’t change the subject.”
WORD FAMILY
fanatic: fanatical, fanatically, fanaticism, fanatics, fanatism+/ fanaticism: fanaticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not often when the computer geeks and football fanatics align in agreement.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Or being the helping and saving hand for those who are often fleeing from wars lead by extremists and fanatics?
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Islamist terrorist fanatics and the west’s ascendant populist right are now working in tandem.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 狂热者，入迷者
adj. 狂热入迷的
分布：狂热的(35%)，狂热者(30%)，盲信者(17%)，盲信的(12%)，极端分子(6%)
→来自拉丁语fanum, 庙，神龛，神圣之地，词源同profane, festival,enthusiast. 即鬼神附体的，发狂的。
狂热的(fan入迷者)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
狂热的(fan狂热者)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
狂热的,盲信的(在庙里盲目信仰)[fan=temple(庙)]
【记】fan（n 扇子；迷；狂热者；爱好者）
【参】fancier（n 空想家；培育动植物的行家；爱好者）
US [-'nætˌ-] noun countable
■a person whose strong admiration for something is considered to be extreme or unreasonable 狂热者；入迷者
• a fitness/film fanatic 健身狂／对电影着迷的人
n. 狂热入迷者；盲信者；盲信
 - bigot
adj. 狂热的；盲信的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: outfielder
Front: outfielder
[ˈaʊtfi:ldə(r)] (10766/-)
Back: n. 外场手
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
（棒球或板球运动中的）外场手，外野手
In baseball and cricket, the outfielders are the players in the part of the field that is furthest from the batting area.

Word: familial
Front: familial
[fəˈmɪliəl] (10809/12790)
Vocabulary: familial
(once / 21687 pages)
adj
The word familial has to do with all things relating to family. A familial gathering is one in which family has come together. A familial bond is a strong connection between family members.
It's easy to spot the Latin root familia meaning "family" in the word familial. This is a word that describes events, relationships, or all other things having to do with family. When you talk about a familial bond, you are talking about the kind of intimate connection that only family members can share. If you are interested in genealogy, you have an interest in familial history.
WORD FAMILY
family: familial, families, subfamily, superfamily+/subfamily: subfamilies/superfamily: superfamilies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some hoped to escape from drugs, from tedium, from familial expectations.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Colberg credited familial good luck when an English teaching position opened where she worked, Windsor Middle School, the year her daughter graduated.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Familial factors are some of the strongest arguments for using drugs like statins widely.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 家族的，家庭的; 家族性
分布：家庭的(89%)，家族遗传的(11%)
ADJ
家庭（或家族）的;家庭(或家族)特有的
Familial means relating to families in general, or typical of a family.
例：Gerard also took on wider familial respon-sibilities.杰勒德还承担了更多的家庭责任。
adj. 家族的；家庭的；遗传的
 - genetic, household, domestic, home

Word: hopelessly
Front: hopelessly
['həʊpləslɪ] (10800/9696)
Back: adv. 绝望地; 无望地; 无可救药地; 完完全全（用以表示强调）
分布：绝望地(76%)，无可救药的(12%)，无望的(12%)
US ['hoʊ-] adverb
■extremely, or in a way that makes you lose hope 彻底地；毫无希望地
• They met at university and fell hopelessly in love. 他们在上大学时相遇，并无可救药地坠入爱河。
• We were hopelessly lost. 我们彻底迷路了。
adv. 绝望地；无望地；无可救药地
 - desperately, irremediably

Word: nominal
Front: nominal
[ˈnɒmɪnl] (研六雅宝 10783/6079 -2)
Vocabulary: nominal
(once / 714 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Schools, libraries, and other organizations often ask you to make a nominal donation to their cause. While you want to support many causes, these nominal donations soon add up to a substantial portion of your budget!
Another meaning for the adjective nominal is "in name only" or only having a title. The CEO is the nominal head of the company, but you know his assistant is one who is really in charge of the day-to-day business of the company. He is the go-to person for signing invoices, purchase orders, and resolving personnel issues.
WORD FAMILY
nominal: binominal, nominalism, nominally, nominals+/nominalism: nominalisms, nominalist, nominalistic/nominalist: nominalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company did not say how much the payments were or how they were paid, but did describe them as “nominal.”
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Police argued he should get a "nominal" award of £1 at a hearing on Wednesday.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
They are not under contract and as nominal amateurs suffer no financial penalty from quitting their teams.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 名义上的; 微不足道的; 票面上的; 名字的，列名的
n. 名词性词
分布：名义上的(59%)，象征性的(22%)，名词性的(13%)，名词词组(6%)
→来自拉丁语nomen,名字，词源同name.即名字的，名义上的。
名义上的(nomin+al)[nomin=name,表示"名称,名字"]
a.名义上的;(金额,租金)微不足道的The dominant candidate is nominally nominated for president.占优势的候选人名义上被任命为总统.
【记】nomin＝name，al一名义上的
【参】nomenclature（n 命名法；术语）；nominate（v 提名）
US ['nɑ:.mə-] adjective
NOT IN REALITY 非事实的
■in name or thought but not reality 名义上的；有名无实的
• She's the nominal head of our college - the real work is done by her deputy. 她名义上是我们学院的校长——实际工作都是由她的副手来完成的。
UK ['nɒm.ɪ.nəl] US ['nɑ:.mə-] adjective
SMALL 小的
■describes a sum of money which is very small compared to an expected price or value （金额）微不足道的，象征式的
• a nominal sum/charge 象征式的一笔款项／一点费用
• For a nominal fee, they will deliver orders to customers' homes. 他们只象征式收点费用，就会送货上门。
adj. 名义上的；有名无实的； [会计] 票面上的
 - titular

Word: frivolous
Front: frivolous
[ˈfrɪvələs] (宝 10806/13813 -1)
Vocabulary: frivolous
(once / 783 pages)
adj
Frivolous things are silly or unnecessary. If something is frivolous, then you don't need it.
Frivolous things are goofy, useless, or just plain dumb. The word is often used to describe lawsuits. A frivolous lawsuit has no value and will be a waste of the court's time, like someone suing McDonald's for making the coffee too hot (which actually happened). If someone is frivolous, that person shouldn't be taken seriously because he's always fooling around and never gets anything done. Frivolous is pretty much the opposite of essential.
WORD FAMILY
frivolous: frivolity, frivolously, frivolousness+/ frivolity: frivolities
USAGE EXAMPLES
These culture-war fights touch on some of the deepest political issues of our time, even if the trappings are frivolous.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
All these frivolous high society partygoers are faced with the “nausea, terror and shame” that awaits them.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
It found that the medical provider’s appeal was frivolous under current attorney-fee rules.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价值的，毫无意义的; 轻率的，轻易; 不务正业的; 孩子气的
分布：轻佻的(36%)，琐碎的(36%)，无足轻重的(16%)，妄动的(12%)
→来自拉丁语friare, 破开的，卷曲的，词源同friable, friction. 用来指经不起推敲，愚蠢可笑的言语。
【记】frivo弄成碎屑－无关紧要的读：free 味儿lous：动不动就放P味儿－轻率的（不认真严肃的）
【反】temperate（adj 有节制的）；sober（adj 冷静的）；grandeur（n 庄严）－frivolity（n 轻薄；轻率；无聊的举动）
adjective
■behaving in a silly and thoughtless way when you should be serious 愚蠢轻浮的，不严肃的
• I think he sees her as a frivolous young woman. 我想他把她看成了轻浮的姑娘。
■describes an activity or object which is silly or not important rather than useful or serious 无聊的；不重要的
• I feel like doing something completely frivolous today. 今天我只想做点儿琐事。
adj. 无聊的；轻佻的；琐碎的
 - boring, petty

Word: recapture
Front: recapture
[ˌri:ˈkæptʃə(r)] (10784/11145 -1)
Vocabulary: recapture
(once / 1854 pages)
nv
To recapture something is to get it back or catch it again. If you were the zookeeper at a very disorganized zoo, one of your jobs might be to recapture runaway baby pandas.
The police might recapture an escaped prisoner, and when they do it they can call the act itself a recapture. You can also recapture things in a more figurative way — your dad might like to recapture his high school days by listening to 80s music, for example. The "again" prefix re- is added to capture, from Latin captura, "a taking."
WORD FAMILY
recapture: recaptured, recaptures, recapturing+/ capture: captured, capturer, captures, capturing, recapture /capturer: capturers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Since the drive to recapture Mosul began on Oct.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
In the north, a separate army unit pressed toward the border of Mosul proper after recapturing several outlying villages in recent days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The strikes appeared to be the first Russian support for a Turkish-backed rebel offensive aimed at recapturing the last IS stronghold in Aleppo province.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新捕获[夺回]; 重温
n. 重新捕获; 再次体验
时态：recaptured, recapturing, recaptures
分布：重温(30%)，再捕获(23%)，重获(15%)，重新获得(11%)，再次经历(7%)，再俘获(7%)，重获之物(7%)
→re-,再，重新，capture,抓住。
US [-tʃɚ] verb transitive
■to take something into your possession again, especially by force （尤指用武力）夺回，收复，重新占领
• The army recaptured the town from the rebels. 军队从叛乱分子手中收复了这座城镇。
■If something recaptures a previous emotion or style, it makes you experience that emotion again or it repeats that style 使再现；使重新经历；重温
• The film successfully recaptures the joyful style of the 1940s Hollywood musical. 这出电影成功再现了20世纪40年代好莱坞音乐剧的欢快风格。
vt. 夺回；拿回；再体验；政府征收再经历
 - reseize, take back
n. 夺回；取回；政府对公司超额收益或利润的征收
 - retrieval, reseizure

Word: porn
Front: porn
[pɔ:n] (10819/17374 -1)
Vocabulary: porn
(once / 5555 pages)
n
Porn is an abbreviation of pornography, a type of movie, magazine, book, or website that features sex or sexual situations with no other redeeming features.
Porn is different than erotica, which may also feature sex but has more artistic merit. And it's different from a mainstream movie with a few sex scenes. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart famously said about porn, "I'll know it when I see it." People can also use the word porn to describe anything singular in focus that's meant to stir the senses: food porn, for example, features endless, excessive pictures of amazing looking food.
WORD FAMILY
porn
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regarding the Dec. 30 Metro article “Va. lawmaker declares war on porn”:
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Most intriguing of all is The Deuce, David “The Wire” Simon’s account of the NYC porn industry, starring James Franco.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The early '90s had seen a boom in online porn, which increasingly featured hairless actors and models.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 色情作品
分布：=pornography/pornographic(100%)
US [pɔ:rn] noun uncountable informal for
■ pornography
• Some of those photos they show in tabloid newspapers are nothing but porn. 他们在小报中刊登的那些照片有些纯粹是色情照片。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɔ:rn] adjective (also porno) informal for
■ pornographic
• a porn shop 经营淫秽书刊的商店
• porn movies 色情电影
• porno magazines 色情杂志
n. 色情描写，色情文学；黄色书刊，色情照片（等于pornography）
 - erotology, coprology

Word: remembrance
Front: remembrance
[rɪˈmembrəns] (10803/11464 -1)
Vocabulary: remembrance
(once / 366 pages)
n
Remembrance is when someone remembers things — your grandfather might have uncanny remembrance of his childhood, for example.
The noun remembrance is really just another way to say "memory." It's the process of remembering things that happened in the past. In Shakespeare's play "Hamlet," the character of Ophelia famously says, "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance." The smell of the herb has actually been shown to improve memory, and has historically been a symbol of remembrance. Early uses of remembrance had the meaning "keepsake or souvenir."
WORD FAMILY
remembrance: remembrances+/ misremember: misremembered/ remember: misremember, remembered, remembering, remembers, remembrance /remembering: rememberings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both ads debuted on Sept. 16 — National Prisoners of War Remembrance Day — and played in heavy rotation in Ohio, Pennsylvania and other battleground states.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Here are some of the remembrances posted on social media Tuesday afternoon:
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
When one remembers in an adopted language, there is a dividing line in that remembrance.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 回想，回忆; 纪念品; 记忆，记忆力
分布：记忆(68%)，纪念品(21%)，回想(11%)
回忆;记忆力(re+membr[=member]+ance)[memor=memory,表示"记忆"]
[rɪ'mem.brənts] formal
noun
uncountable
■when you remember and show respect for someone who has died or a past event 纪念；怀念；缅怀
• A church service was held in remembrance of the victims. 在教堂举行了一次纪念受害者们的礼拜仪式。
countable usually plural
■a memory of something that happened in the past 记忆；回忆
• fond/sweet/personal remembrances 深情的／甜蜜的／个人的回忆
n. 回想，回忆；纪念品；记忆力
 - memory, mind, retention

Word: upstate
Front: upstate
[ˌʌpˈsteɪt] (10802/40712)
Back: adj. & adv. 州的北部地区的; 在州的北部地区; （美国的一州内）远离大城市的（地）; 远离海岸线的（地）
n. 州内远离大城市的地区，州的北部
分布：北部的(65%)，在州的北部(15%)，北边地(10%)，州内远离离大城市的地区(5%)，远离大城市或离海岸较远的地方的(5%)
→来自美国地理位置分布，其诸多州的北部都远离海平面，以山地地区居多，后词义通用化。
['ʌp.steɪt] US
adjective [before noun] adverb
■towards or of the northern parts of a state in the US, especially those which are far from cities where a lot of people live （尤指美国边远地区）向（或在）州的北部（的）
• upstate New York 纽约州北部
• We're going upstate for our vacation. 我们将到州的北部渡假。
adj. 北部的；偏僻的
 - northern, remote, lonely

Word: going
Front: going
[ˈgəʊɪŋ] (10792/203 -5)
Back: n. 出行，离去; 出发; 行为; 工作情况
adj. 活着的，现在的; 进行中的，营业中的; 现行的; 流行中的
v. 进行(go的现在分词)
分布：去(71%)，离去(7%)，进展(5%)，运转中的(5%)，现有的(5%)，流行的(4%)，营业中的(3%)
US ['goʊ-] noun
SPEED 速度
uncountable
■how quickly you do something 进展速度
• Cambridge to Newcastle in four hours is good going - you must have been driving flat out. 用四个小时从剑桥开到纽卡素真是相当快——你肯定是一路全速狂奔。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
uncountable
■how easy or difficult something is 难度
• She's obviously very intelligent, but her lectures are heavy going (= they are difficult to understand). 显然她很有才智，但是她的课太难懂了。
• He found three 400 metre races in two days hard going (= difficult). 他发觉在两天内进行三场400米比赛确实吃不消。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
GROUND 地面
uncountable
■the condition of the ground for walking or riding etc 地面状况
• After an inch of rain at the racecourse overnight, the going is described as good to soft. 由于第一天晚上的降雨量达到了一英寸，据说赛马场的场地稍偏软。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
LEAVING 离开
only singular
■when someone leaves somewhere 离去；去；离开
• His going came as as shock. 他的离去令大家都很震惊。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
when the going gets rough / tough
■when a situation becomes difficult or unpleasant 形势越来越困难
• I run the farm on my own but a local boy helps me out when the going gets tough. 我自己一个人经营农场，但出现困难的时候，当地的一个小伙子会帮我解决。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
When the going gets tough, the tough get going. saying
■said to emphasize that when conditions become difficult, strong people take action 形势越困难，勇者志越坚；艰难之路，唯勇者行
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] noun
while the going is good
■while an opportunity lasts 趁还有机会时；趁情况还有利时；趁形势还未发生变化时
• Many people fear that the newly-elected government will be ousted in a military coup and are leaving their country while the going is good. 很多人担心新当选的政府会被军事政变推翻，所以趁形势尚稳定纷纷离开自己的国家。
UK ['gəʊ.ɪŋ] US ['goʊ-] adjective [after noun]
■available or existing 可得到的；现有的；现行的
• I wouldn't trust him if I were you - he's the biggest crook going (= he's the most dishonest person that exists). 如果我是你就不会相信他——他是当今世上最大的骗子。
• I don't suppose there's any left-over pie going, is there? 我想派饼一点也没有剩下吧，是不是？
n. 行为；离去；工作情况；地面状况
 - behavior, dealing, act, work, conduct
adj. 流行的；进行中的；现存的
 - popular, fashionable, existing, living, ruling
v. 前进；出发；运转（go的ing形式）
 - running, advancing

Word: attainment
Front: attainment
[əˈteɪnmənt] (托宝 10837/5891 -1)
Vocabulary: attainment
(once / 862 pages)
n
The effort put into something and the pay-off when the work is over is called attainment. Attainment of your goal of learning to make the perfect omelet requires breaking a lot of eggs.
An attainment isn't just handed to you — you have to earn it through skill and hard work. In fact, in slang, attainment is used interchangeably with skill. You might say that the inventiveness and originality of a particular rapper is his attainment, just as his fame, fortune, and respect in the hip-hop community is also his attainment.
WORD FAMILY
attainment: attainments+/ attain: attainable, attained, attaining, attainment, attains/ attainable: attainability, attainableness, unattainable / unattainable: unattainableness, unattainably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Running year-round in four-week sessions, the program consists of 12 levels of language attainment, with components including grammar and vocabulary, essay writing, and conversational English.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Even the attainment of joy in the finale is preceded by a terrifying outburst of sonic chaos.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As well as age, educational attainment and national identity were also key factors in how the UK voted.
BBC(Jun 24, 2016)
Back: n. 达到; 成就，造诣; 学识
分布：达到(50%)，获得(36%)，才能(12%)，学识.(2%)
成就,造诣(attain获得+ment→获得的成就)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
noun
uncountable formal
■when you achieve something 实现；获得；赢得
• the attainment of a goal 目标的实现
• attainment targets 要实现的目标
countable usually plural UK formal
■Someone's attainments are the things they have done and the skills they have learned. 成就；造诣
n. 达到；成就；学识
 - achievement, effort, success, wisdom, accomplishment

Word: repercussion
Front: repercussion
[ˌri:pəˈkʌʃn] (宝 10805/11252 -1)
Vocabulary: repercussion
(once / 8248 pages)
n
A repercussion is something that happens because of another action. You could quit paying your rent, but getting evicted from your apartment might be the repercussion.
Repercussion may remind you slightly of concussion or percussion — what they all have in common is the idea of something (a head, a drum) getting hit. With repercussion, the hitting is the action, and the result (i.e., the repercussion) is like hearing an echo of that original strike over and over as it reverberates through the air.
WORD FAMILY
repercussion: repercussions+/percuss: percussed, percusses, percussing, percussion, percussive, repercuss/ percussion: percussionist, percussions/percussionist: percussionists/percussive: percussively/repercuss: repercusses, repercussion
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cited in part the potential repercussions against U.S. military personnel posted abroad.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Syrian government's recapture of Aleppo is a major turning point in the Syrian civil war with potentially powerful political repercussions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Syrian government’s recapture of Aleppo is a major turning point in the Syrian civil war with potentially powerful political repercussions.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 弹回，返回; 反响，影响; （光、声等的）反射; 浮动诊胎法
分布：反响(47%)，弹回(20%)，后果(20%)，反射(13%)
→re-,向后，往回，percussion,敲击，碰撞。比喻用法。
反响,影响(re一再+percussion→一再引起震动→产生的影响,后果)[cuss=shake,表示"摇动"]
【记】re反复，percussion（n 震动；打击乐器）－反复震动－回声；反响；参：percuss（v 轻敲），cuss作为词根是“震动”的意思。
US [-pɚ-] noun countable usually plural
■the effect that an action, event or decision has on something, especially a bad effect （尤指坏的）影响，反响；恶果
• Any decrease in tourism could have serious repercussions for the local economy. 旅游业只要出现任何一点衰退，都可能会给当地经济带来严重影响。
• President Kennedy's assassination had far-reaching repercussions. 甘乃迪总统遇刺产生的影响是深远的。
n. 反响；弹回；反射；浮动诊胎法
 - reflection, resonance

Word: exceedingly
Front: exceedingly
[ɪkˈsi:dɪŋli] (研四六雅 10807/9520 -1)
Vocabulary: exceedingly
(once / 226 pages)
adv
Use the adverb exceedingly to mean "very." You might brag, for example, that you did exceedingly well on the big math test last week.
Exceedingly means "to a very large degree," so it's best to save it for things that really need to be emphasized. You might be exceedingly angry at your little sister after she borrowed your favorite sweater and spilled ketchup on it, or exceedingly happy to have gotten into your first choice college. Exceedingly has a Latin root, excedere, "depart, go beyond, be in excess, or surpass."
WORD FAMILY
exceedingly: exceedinglys+/ exceed: exceeded, exceeding, exceeds, excessive /exceeded: unexceeded/ exceeding: exceedingly / excessive: excessively, excessiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Death penalty experts said it was exceedingly rare for capital defendants to represent themselves after allowing lawyers to handle the initial part of a case.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Thus this lasagna recipe, an exceedingly hearty dish that uses Bolognese sauce, bechamel sauce, two kinds of cheese — and chicken livers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They are exceedingly rare because slaves were typically barred by law from learning to read or write.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 非常，极其，特别，十分; 极大地; 过分地; 极度地，极端
分布：极度地(34%)，非常(25%)，极其(25%)，很(16%)
过分地(exceed超过)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
ad.极端地,非常Herbert drives exceedingly fast.赫伯特开车过快.
[ɪk'si:.dɪŋ.li] formal
adverb
■to a very great degree; extremely 非常；特别；极其
• He was clever, handsome and exceedingly rich. 他聪明、英俊，且非常富有。
adv. 非常；极其；极度地；极端
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: mussels
Front: mussels
['mʌslz] (10822/-)
Back: n. 贻贝，蚌类( mussel的名词复数 )
分布：贻贝(84%)，双壳类(12%)，名词mussel的复数形式.(4%)
N-COUNT
贻贝;蚝
Mussels are a kind of shellfish that you can eat from their shells.
n. 贻贝（mussel的复数）；淡菜；双壳类
 - bivalves

Word: wrinkled
Front: wrinkled
[ˈrɪŋkld] (10812/15636)
Back: adj. 有皱纹的
v. 使起皱纹( wrinkle的过去式和过去分词 ); （尤指皮肤）起皱纹
分布：有皱纹的(78%)，动词wrinkle的过去式(11%)，过去分词.(11%)
adjective
■with a lot of wrinkles 长满皱纹的
• a wrinkled face 满是皱纹的脸
adj. 具皱的，有皱纹的
 - rugose, creased

Word: detachment
Front: detachment
[dɪˈtætʃmənt] (10804/7798 -1)
Vocabulary: detachment
(once / 553 pages)
n
A state of being distant or standoffish is detachment. Your detachment might mean that you don't cry on the last day of school with all your friends — you're just not that emotionally involved.
When you have a sense of detachment from your surroundings, you're a bit aloof or apart, especially in an emotional way. A more physical kind of detachment is an actual coming apart, when something breaks or separates: "The detachment of the wall and the baseboard made it hard to paint the kitchen." Finally, there is a military meaning of detachment — a unit or group of soldiers sent on a separate mission.
WORD FAMILY
detachment: detachments+/ detach: detachable, detached, detaches, detaching, detachment /detachable: detachably/ detached: detachedly, semidetached
USAGE EXAMPLES
The aircraft was part of the Rossiya airline's special flight detachment group - the carrier for the president of Russia and other government officials.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The participating ships sailed with embarked Coast Guard Law Enforcement Detachment teams aboard.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
So achieving the kind of detachment we need for productive rest can’t really be done without detaching physically from our devices.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 分离，分开; 派遣; 分遣队
分布：脱离(80%)，公正(7%)，分遣队(7%)，冷漠(6%)
→来自detach, 分开，脱离。引申义超脱，公正。比较disinterested, uninterested.
noun
ARMY GROUP 军事小组
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of soldiers who are separated from the main group in order to perform a particular duty 小分队，支队，行动小组
• a military detachment 军事行动小组
• A detachment of Italian soldiers was sent to the area. 一支由义大利士兵组成的小分队被派往了该地区。
[dɪ'tætʃ.mənt] noun
NO EMOTION 毫不关心的
uncountable
■a feeling of not being emotionally involved 超然；淡漠
• to have an air of detachment 一副事不关己的样子
n. 分离，拆开；超然；分遣；分遣队
 - separation, breakaway

Word: tame
Front: tame
[teɪm] (研四六托雅宝 10816/11503 -1)
Vocabulary: tame
(once / 370 pages)
adjv
If something is tame, it cannot surprise or injure you. It’s predictable. Tame can be used as an adjective or verb. A circus lion is tame (adjective) because it’s been tamed (verb). A “lion-tamer” beat the wildness out of it.
Sometimes tame isn’t fun — and not just for the bears who ride bicycles under the Big Top. Tame isn’t appealing when you’re going on a rollercoaster or seeing a fireworks display. If a friend tells you a concert is tame, will you rush out for tickets? Tame, however, is not all bad. Some people take anger management courses to learn to “tame their tempers.” Others work to “tame their tongues” after hurting another person with a careless comment.
WORD FAMILY
tame: tamable, tameable, tamed, tamely, tameness, tamer, tames, tamest, taming+/tamed: untamed/tamer: tamers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Although set in Australia with vivid wilderness descriptions, his theme that you “attempt to tame nature at your peril” is universal.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Cue Card tamed him with ease and was 15 lengths clear at the line.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 驯服的; 平淡的; 无精打采的
v. 驯服; 抑制
时态：tamed, taming, tames
分布：驯服的(40%)，驯养(25%)，乏味的(13%)，使驯服(8%)，压制(6%)，变得驯服(6%)，柔顺的(2%)
→来自古英语 tam,驯服的，畜养的，来自 Proto-Germanic*tamaz,驯服，畜养，来自 deme, 驯服，畜养，来自 dem,家，家园，词源同 domicile,domesticate,adamant.
a.驯服的,温顺的;沉闷的,乏味的vt.驯服The tame tigers play the same game on the frame.温顺的老虎在框架上玩同一游戏.
【反】racy（adj 保持原味的；活泼的）
adjective
NOT WILD 温顺的
 ADVANCED
■(especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的
• After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame. 经过几个月的接触，那些猴子变得非常温顺了。
[teɪm] adjective
NOT EXCITING 不令人兴奋的 disapproving
■not interesting or exciting 平淡的，乏味的
• It was a tame film in comparison to some that she's made. 较她之前拍摄的其他一些影片，这一部显得平淡乏味。
[teɪm] verb transitive
■to make a wild animal tame 驯化，驯服（动物）
■to control something dangerous or powerful 控制，制服；驾驭
• He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. 如果他想取得成功，就得改改自己的脾气。
adj. 驯服的；平淡的；乏味的；顺从的
 - stupid, docile
vt. 驯养；使变得平淡；制服
 - domesticate, bring under

Word: rendering
Front: rendering
[ˈrendərɪŋ] (托宝 10799/14179)
Vocabulary: rendering
(once / 615 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n 5n
Anything that's been interpreted in an artistic form is a rendering — a song, a drawing, a theatrical performance.
On a more technical note, an architect's drawing or plan is known as a rendering. While we're still architect-related, the coat of stucco placed over the surface of a masonry wall can be a rendering as well. Rendering can also represent the giving of something, as in Gandhi's famous quote, that "We win justice quickest by rendering justice to the other party." Don't associate rendering with the verb rend — which means quite the opposite — "to break apart or destroy."
WORD FAMILY
rendering: renderings+/ render: rendered, rendering, renders, rendition / rendition: renditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Usually, this involves a prototype, or at least a rendering.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Samsung was forced to hobble it before rendering it inoperative with a software update.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
A virus then infected the office’s computer system and quickly encrypted all the files, rendering them inaccessible.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 翻译; 表演; （墙壁的）初涂，打底; （建筑物等）透视图
vt. 致使; 表演; 打底(render的ing形式)
vi. 给予补偿(rendr的ing形式)
分布：翻译(62%)，抹灰底层(15%)，透视图(13%)，艺术表现(5%)，动词render的现在分词和动名词形式.(5%)
→来自 render,提供，表达，表演。
【记】源于：render（v 提供；致使；表演）
【参】rendition（n 表演；翻译）
US [-dɚ-] noun
PERFORMANCE 表演
countable (also rendition)
■the way that something is performed, written, drawn, etc 演奏；表演；表达；表现手法
• Her rendering of the song was delightful. 她用一种欢快的风格演唱了这首歌曲。
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
TRANSLATION 翻译
countable
■a translation of a book or piece of writing into a different language or a different style 翻译；把…译成
• a new rendering of the Bible into modern English 《圣经》的现代英语新译本
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
BUILDING 建筑
uncountable specialized
■a layer of plaster or cement on a wall 粉刷；给（墙壁）抹灰（或水泥）
• The rendering on two sides of the house needed to be removed. 这座房子两边墙上的灰泥必须得去掉。
UK ['ren.dər.ɪŋ] US [-dɚ-] noun
DEAD ANIMALS 动物尸体
uncountable
■when the bodies of dead animals are prepared or treated in order to take out the fat and other substances that can be used in other products 将动物尸体开膛取出脂肪
• the rendering of beef products 牛肉制品加工
• a rendering plant 油脂熔炼厂
n. 翻译；表现；表演；描写；打底；（建筑物等）透视图
 - translation, interpretation, description, performance, representation

Word: thirst
Front: thirst
[θɜ:st] (高研四六雅 10813/11770 -1)
Back: n. （口）渴; 渴感; 长期的干渴
vi. 渴望; 口渴
时态：thirsted, thirsting, thirsts
分布：口渴(43%)，渴望(37%)，渴求(20%)
→来自古英语 thurst,口渴，干渴，来自 Proto-Germanic*thurs,使干旱，干渴，来自 ters,干 的，词源同 torrid,terrain.
n.渴,口渴;(for)渴望,热望The firm fireman first overcame thirst desire.坚定的消防员首先克服口渴欲望.
US [θɝ:st] noun
NEED FOR DRINK 需要饮水
[S or U]
■a need for something to drink 渴，口渴
• Hundreds of refugees collapsed from hunger and thirst. 成百上千的难民饥渴得瘫倒在地上。
• I've got a terrible thirst after all that running. 跑了那么长的路，我渴得要命。
• I woke up with a thumping headache and a raging (= extreme) thirst. 我醒来时头痛欲裂，口渴难耐。
UK [θɜ:st] US [θɝ:st] noun
WISH 渴望
only singular literary
■a strong wish 渴望
• He's always had a thirst for adventure. 他总是渴望冒险。
UK [θɜ:st] US [θɝ:st] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thirst after/for sth literary
■to feel very strongly that you want and need a particular thing 渴求，渴望
• to be thirsting for justice/truth/adventure 渴求正义／真理／冒险
long, yearn, thirst
这组词都有“渴望”的意思，其区别是：
long: 指诚心诚意地渴望某事或物。
yearn: 通常指急迫不安地渴望或向往，着重怀有柔情或热情。
thirst: 原义指对食物或饮料的渴求，引申指全力以求。
n. 渴望；口渴；热望
 - aspiration, longing for
vi. 渴望；口渴
 - rare, aspire

Word: mindful
Front: mindful
[ˈmaɪndfl] (10818/13756 -1)
Vocabulary: mindful
(once / 1228 pages)
adj
Being mindful means paying close attention to or being especially conscious of something. If you are aware of the fact that your friend is upset, you're mindful of her feelings.
Sometimes mindful has the sense of "careful," as when a farmer is mindful of the amount of water she uses during a drought, or when you're mindful of the fact that your little sister easily gets her feelings hurt. In Old English, myndful meant "of good memory," or "having a good mind," while the related word myndig had a meaning similar to today's mindful.
WORD FAMILY
mindful: mindfully, mindfulness, unmindful+/ mind: minded, minder, mindful, minding, mindless, minds/minded: mindedest, mindedly/minder: minders/mindless: mindlessly, mindlessness/unmindful: unmindfully, unmindfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
You want to teach her to be comfortable in the “just being” zone, which means she’s mindful of flaunting and resistant to hiding.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
When we are mindful, some of that attentional flightiness disappears as if of its own accord.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
She’s mindful of antioxidants and other health benefits of chocolate, but mostly focuses on how much she likes the taste.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 留心的，注意的; 记住的，不忘的; 警觉的; 经意
分布：记住的(75%)，深切注意的(25%)
→mind,思想，思维，挂念，-ful,形容词后缀。mindful 想着的，记挂着的
adjective formal
■careful not to forget about something 记着的；留神的；注意的；小心的
• Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph. 考虑到路况很差，她将时速减到30英里。
• Politicians are increasingly mindful that young voters are turning away from traditional parties. 政治家都越发注意到年轻的选民与传统党派间的距离越来越远。
adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的
 - watchfull, regardful

Word: ancestry
Front: ancestry
[ˈænsestri] (托宝 10801/14094 -1)
Vocabulary: ancestry
(once / 1760 pages)
n
Have a family tree hanging on the wall? Then you know a bit about your ancestry, or family history and lineage.
If you think ancestry sounds like ancestor, then you're headed in the right direction. Ancestry is basically a history of ancestors, a trail of where your family started and all the descendants that followed. But ancestry goes much further than just your great-great-grand uncle's brother. You can also use the word ancestry to refer to the background of things other than people — such as the ancestry of a building or the ancestry of a nation.
WORD FAMILY
ancestry: ancestries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another was a Belgian citizen of Turkish ancestry, according to the Foreign Ministry of Belgium.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Daily Mail did a deep dive into her ancestry.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
About one-sixth of Hawaii’s population is of Japanese ancestry, and Japan sent 1.5 million tourists to the state last year, more than any other country.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. <集合词>祖先; 世家，名门; [生]系谱; 血统
分布：祖先(82%)，血统(16%)，门第(1%)，家世(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■your ancestors who lived a long time ago, or the origin of your family 祖先，祖宗
• He was proud of his Native American ancestry. 作为一个印第安人的后代，他非常自豪。
• His wife was of royal ancestry. 他的妻子有皇室血统。
• The family has traced its ancestry back to the Norman invaders. 该家族的祖先可上溯到诺曼征服者。
n. [生物] 祖先；血统
 - birth, blood, father, root, stem

Word: pictorial
Front: pictorial
[pɪkˈtɔ:riəl] (宝 10796/12630 -1)
Vocabulary: pictorial
(once / 1946 pages)
adjn
If something's pictorial, it has illustrations or photographs. A graphic novel is a pictorial way to tell a story.
Years ago, a pictorial was the name for a magazine that had far more pictures than text, but today the word is mostly used to mean "illustrated." Many books for very young children are mainly pictorial, and you could call your grandparents' photo album a pictorial record of their life together. Pictorial comes from the Latin word pictorius, "of a painter," from pingere, "to paint."
WORD FAMILY
pictorial: pictorially, pictorials
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The technique is classical, and so are such pictorial elements as ornate columns and arches.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Because “The Natural History of Edward Lear” emphasizes Lear’s pictorial art, you will want to acquire another book to enjoy his comic writing.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 绘画的; 有图片的; 图画似的; 形象化的
n. 画报; 画刊; 画页; 图画邮票
分布：画报(60%)，绘画的(32%)，用图片的(8%)
【记】源于picture（n 图片）
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] adjective
■shown in the form of a picture or photograph 画的，图画的；照片的
• The exhibition is a pictorial history/record of the town in the 19th century. 此次展览会采用图片形式重现了该镇19世纪的历史。
picturesque, lively, vivid, pictorial
这组词都有“生动的”的意思，其区别是：
picturesque: 既指景色、人物等犹如图画般美丽，又可指文艺作品的风格绚丽多彩，尤指一种原始粗犷的美。
lively: 普通用词，与vivid可通用。
vivid: 普通用词，侧重有强烈的实际感或逼真感，使人富于想象或留下深刻的印象。
pictorial: 强调产生或制造生动的效果。
adj. 绘画的；形象化的
 - graphical

Word: bison
Front: bison
[ˈbaɪsn] (托 10820/26540)
Vocabulary: bison
(once / 3437 pages)
n
A bison is a large, shaggy, hoofed animal. Bison are mostly native to North America, though there is one species found in Western Europe and Central Asia.
The most common type of bison is also called a buffalo, and it's the largest land animal in North America. Bison tend to travel in herds and periodically wallow in dirt to keep themselves cool and free of parasites, and while they're generally slow-moving, they can run as fast as 35 miles per hour when they want to. The word bison is Latin for "wild ox," ultimately from a Slavic or Baltic root meaning "the stinking animal."
WORD FAMILY
bison: bisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are over 1,500 bison in Poland, mostly living freely in state-owned reserves but also on private farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Perhaps a section of upscale goods like goji berries, bison burgers and recycled toilet paper alongside a more down-home selection of everyday staples.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Lee Timmerman, who is the voice of the North Dakota State Bison, said Cole’s name recognition saved the station.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 野牛
分布：野牛(100%)
→来自PIE *weis, 流，散发臭味，词源同virus, 病毒。指野牛身上流出的腥味。字母r,s音变。
['baɪ.sən] (plural bisons or bison)
noun countable
■a large wild animal, similar to a cow but having a larger head and shoulders covered in hair, found especially in North America （尤指北美）野牛
n. 北美野牛；欧洲野牛
 - aurochs, wisent

Word: genus
Front: genus
[ˈdʒi:nəs] (托宝 10828/8290)
Vocabulary: genus
(once / 476 pages)
n
A genus is a class or group of something. In biology, it's a taxonomic group covering more than one species.
This is a term used by biologists to classify more than one species under a larger umbrella. In biology, the word family describes the broadest group category, then genus, and then species. For example, primates are a family, and humans are a species within that family, but we're not in the same genus as macaques: macaques have their own genus. Dogs and wolves are so closely related they’re in the same genus. The plural of genus is genera.
WORD FAMILY
genus: genera, genuses, subgenus+/subgenus: subgenera, subgenuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of some 3,500 species of mosquito, those of the genus Anopheles are widely considered to be the most dangerous because they transmit malaria.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
“Really, it was only with evolution of Homo the genus” — about half a million years after Lucy — “that we became fully committed to the ground.”
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
The new species and genus has been named Ball's Antarctic Tundra Beetle, after George E Ball - an expert on ground beetles.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物的）属; 类; 种; 型
分布：名词(83%)，形容词(17%)
→来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 用于科学术语。
种类,类属(gen+us→生出来就出现[不同]→种类)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】gen产生，us：生物学的种属产生了我们，因为我们吃genus
【区】genre（n 文学类型；流派）产生热情
['dʒi:.nəs] (plural genera) specialized
noun countable
■a group of animals or plants, more closely related than a family, but less similar than a species （动植物的）属
n. 类，种； [生物] 属
 - race

Word: flashy
Front: flashy
[ˈflæʃi] (托 10814/18870 -1)
Vocabulary: flashy
(once / 3867 pages)
adj
To be flashy is to be showy in a tasteless way. Just like a flash of light is hard to ignore, flashy behavior draws attention.
Do you know anyone who is a show-off? That person is probably flashy. Wearing brightly colored rings is flashy. Buying a sports car is flashy. Boasting about how much money you have is flashy. Flashy behavior is the opposite of classy: it consists of showing off things in a loud, obnoxious way.
WORD FAMILY
flashy: flashier, flashiest, flashily, flashiness+/ flash: flashed, flasher, flashes, flashing, flashingly, flashly, flashy /flasher: flashers/flashing: flashings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Longtime NBA sideline reporter famous for his flashy suits and probing questions.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“I’m never the flashiest guy or anything like that, but just try to be productive.”
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
I did the craziest thing: I bought a flashy house in the Hollywood Hills, and realized I hated it.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 浮华的，俗丽的; 闪光的，瞬间的，昙花一现的; （脾气等）暴烈的
级别：flashier, flashiest
分布：闪光的(60%)，一瞬间的(20%)，炫耀技艺的(20%)
adjective disapproving
■looking too bright, big and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admiration （因艳丽、巨大和昂贵而）显眼的，俗艳的
• flashy clothes 俗艳的衣服
• a flashy car 外观俗丽的汽车
• flashy gold jewellery 闪闪发光的黄金首饰
adj. 闪光的；瞬间的；俗丽的；暴躁的
 - fierce, shot, instantaneous

Word: pilot
Front: pilot
[ˈpaɪlət] (中高研四六托雅宝 1772/2085 -K3)
Vocabulary: pilot
(once / 214 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A pilot leads the way. An aircraft pilot flies a plane, and a maritime pilot steers a ship. Also, to pilot is to guide to safety, like to navigate a ship out of a harbor or through a sea of zombies.
Pilot comes from the Greek pēdon meaning "oar." Like an oar that steers a ship, a pilot steers or directs a plane. A pilot can also be a model or basis for others of its kind. A school might launch a pilot breakfast program for a few students before introducing it to the whole school. The pilot episode of a TV show is like a test program produced to determine viewer interest before making a whole season.
WORD FAMILY
pilot: co-pilot, pilotage, piloted, piloting, pilotless, pilots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Update from pilot….because customs computers are down…we are the 20th plane in line for a gate.
Time(Jan 03, 2017)
Sunwing’s gate agents found the pilot’s behavior to be unusual and alerted the co-pilot.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Mills wanted to be a pilot for the military but missed her chance when World War II ended.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 飞行员; 引航员; 向导; [机械学]导向器（或轴）
vt. 驾驶; 试验; 试点; 为（船舶）引航（或操舵）
adj. 试验性的; 导向的; 驾驶员的; 辅助的
时态：piloted, piloting, pilots
分布：飞行员(56%)，驾驶(20%)，试点(11%)，领航(5%)，领航员(4%)，向导(2%)，试验性的(1%)，引导的(1%)
→来自拉丁语pilotus,驾驶员，领航员，异化自pedota,来自希腊语pedon,桨，舵，词源同foot,pioneer.字母d,l音变，比较odor,olfactory.
飞行员,领航员(意大利语piloto"划浆"的变体)"[-ot表名词"…人"]
n.飞行员;领港员v.驾驶(飞机等);领航,引水Lots of pilots plot to dot the rotten robot.大批领航员策划给腐烂的机器人打点.
【记】pi屁股，lot大：因为天天开飞机，是久坐的人（sedentary），所以屁股大－飞行员，领航员。
noun countable
AIRCRAFT 航空器
 ESSENTIAL
■a person who flies an aircraft 飞行员
• a fighter/helicopter/bomber/airline pilot 战斗机／直升机／轰炸机／客机驾驶员
['paɪ.lət] noun countable
SHIP 船
■a person with detailed knowledge of an area of water, such as that around a port, who goes onto a ship to direct it safely （船只的）领航员，领港员；引水人
['paɪ.lət] noun countable
TEST 试验
■a programme which is made to introduce and test the popularity of a new radio or television series （电视或广播的）试播节目
• If you'd seen the pilot, you'd know why they decided not to make a complete series of programmes! 如果你看了试播节目的话，就会明白他们为甚么决定不制作整套节目了。
['paɪ.lət] noun countable
FLAME 火 (also pilot light)
■a small flame which burns all the time in a gas device, such as a cooker or a water heater, and which starts the main flame burning when the gas is turned on （灶具等的）母火，引火用的常燃小火苗
['paɪ.lət] adjective [before noun]
■describes a plan, product or system that is used to test how good something is before introducing it 试验性的，试点的
• If the UKpilot scheme / USpilot program is successful many more homes will be offered the new television service. 如果试验计划成功，会有越来越多的家庭享受到新的电视服务。
['paɪ.lət] verb
AIRCRAFT 航空器
transitive
■to fly an aircraft 飞行
• She piloted the aircraft to safety after one of the engines failed. 其中一个引擎发生故障后，她把飞机驾驶到安全的地方。
['paɪ.lət] verb
TEST 试验
transitive
■to test a new product before it is sold 试验（新产品）
• We shall pilot several new cosmetic products to selected potential purchasers. 我们将安排一些选定的潜在顾客试用几种新化妆品。
['paɪ.lət] verb
INTRODUCE 引入
transitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly UK
■to be responsible for introducing a new law or system and making certain it is established 使（新的法律或制度）顺利通过
• Twenty years ago he piloted a bill through Parliament on working conditions. 20年前他力促议会通过一项有关工作环境的议案。
['paɪ.lət] verb
SHIP 船
transitive
■to direct a ship into a port or through an area of water 导引，领航
guide, direct, conduct, pilot, lead
这组词都有“引导”的意思，其区别是：
guide: 普通用词，可与conduct换用，指引导者与被引导者双方彼此合作，共同努力的关系。
direct: 指为某人指方向，但自己不一定亲自引路，也可表示指导一群人的事或活动。
conduct: 正式用词，指引导某人去某处，强调亲自带领；也强调监督管理一群有共同目的或目标的人。
pilot: 从原义“为飞机、轮船导航”借喻为指亲自带领某人去某处。
lead: 指走在前面给某人引路或带路人共同去达到某一目标。用于抽象意义时，指在某项活动或运动中起主导和组织作用。
pilot, astronaut
这两个名词者指驾驶飞行装置的人员。
pilot: 指不进入外层空间的各类飞机的驾驶员。
astronaut: 指在外层空间(outer space)驾驶宇宙飞船、航天飞机等飞行装置的宇航员。
n. [航] 飞行员； [水运] 领航员
 - aviator, amn
v. [航] 驾驶； [水运] 领航；试用
 - to navigate, experiment with

Word: cohesion
Front: cohesion
[kəʊˈhi:ʒn] (托宝 10791/9083 -1)
Vocabulary: cohesion
(once / 4214 pages)
n
Cohesion means sticking together. If your group of friends heads to the lunchroom as a team and sits all together, you're demonstrating strong cohesion.
Cohesion is a word that comes to us through physics, where cohesion describes particles that are the same and tend to stick together — water molecules, for example. Outside of physics, cohesion describes unity among parts, and is something to be sought after. A team that has good cohesion is often a team that wins.
WORD FAMILY
cohesion: cohesions+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive / coherence: coherences/coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies/ incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like, scald-the-soles-of-a-power-droid’s-foot cruel: “The commission considers that a religion/belief system should be characterised by a certain level of cogency, seriousness, cohesion and importance.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Agricultural urbanism is entering a new phase as a framework to address community cohesion and food access.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
While the left of American politics often lacks cohesion, leaders of many groups say this time will be different.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 凝聚，内聚; （各部的）结合; [力]内聚力; [植]连着
分布：凝聚力(74%)，团结(15%)，内聚力(11%)
→co-, 强调。-her, 粘结，词源同adhere, hesitate. -s,过去分词格。
结合,凝聚力(co+hes+ion,cohere的名词)"[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
US [koʊ-] (also cohesiveness) formal
noun uncountable
■when the members of a group or society are united 凝聚（力）；团结
• social/national cohesion 社会／国家凝聚力
• The lack of cohesion within the party lost them votes in the election. 党内缺乏凝聚力使他们在选举中失去了选票。
n. 凝聚；结合； [通信] [计] [力] [数] 内聚力
 - combination, coupling, wedding, bond, join

Word: debacle
Front: debacle
[deɪˈbɑ:kl] (宝 10825/19035 -1)
Vocabulary: debacle
(once / 5420 pages)
n
Use debacle to refer to a fiasco, disaster, or great failure. If several dogs run onto the field during the big baseball game, tripping players and chewing up the bases, you can call the whole event a debacle.
Debacle is sometimes used to describe a military defeat. If your army retreats, that's one thing. If your army is outmaneuvered and ends up huddled in a valley, surrounded on all sides by the enemy, forced to sing 70s sitcom theme songs by their savage captors––that's a debacle. Debacle comes from French débâcler "to clear," from Middle French desbacler, from the prefix des- "completely, utterly" plus bacler "to block."
WORD FAMILY
debacle: debacles
USAGE EXAMPLES
An important practical problem with pinning the impending debacle on Mr Trump and Republicans is that the debacle might evolve slowly.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After the Liverpool debacle against Burnley earlier in the season I accused Milner of being a square peg in a round hole.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Mitchell Barak, a political consultant, said the political left considered the resolution “an epic foreign policy and diplomatic debacle” by Netanyahu.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 崩溃，瓦解; （河水的）奔溢，泛滥; [地]山崩; 突然大地混乱
分布：灾难(40%)，惨败(39%)，溃逃(13%)，狂流(8%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。 -bacle, 杆，棍，支撑，词源同 bachelor, bacteria.即移除支撑，引申义崩溃。
解冻;崩溃(de去掉+bacle[=block]+acle→去掉大块东西→解冰块)[-acle表名词"…物品,状态"]
【记】de向下，bacle阻挡－阻挡不住向下的趋势－崩溃de向下（表示一种卑劣的行为），bac＝back倒退，le乐：用一种卑劣的行为使别人处于倒退的状态，还在旁边幸灾乐祸的。这一定是出现了（突然的、灾难性的、可笑的）崩溃或溃败。
【参】debar（v 阻止；排除；剥夺）＝bar＝forbid＝exclude
【反】complete success（完全成功）
noun countable
■a complete failure, especially because of bad planning and organization （尤指因计划和组织不周而导致的）彻底失败，一败涂地，崩溃
• The collapse of the company was described as the greatest financial debacle in US history. 那间公司的破产被称为美国历史上最大的一场金融灾难。
n. 崩溃；灾害；解冻
 - crash, disaggregation

Word: hygiene
Front: hygiene
[ˈhaɪdʒi:n] (托雅宝 10817/6492 -1)
Vocabulary: hygiene
(once / 1534 pages)
n
Hygiene is any practice or activity that you do to keep things healthy and clean. Washing hands, coughing into your elbow, and regular house cleaning are all part of good hygiene.
Hygieia was the Greek goddess of health, cleanliness and sanitation, so it's not hard to see where the word hygiene comes from. Good oral hygiene includes brushing and flossing your teeth, and working in a clean kitchen helps promote food hygiene. You have a better chance of staying healthy during flu season -and any other time- if you practice good personal hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently.
WORD FAMILY
hygiene: hygienic, hygienical, hygienise, hygienist, hygienize+/ hygienic: hygienically, unhygienic/hygienist: hygienists/unhygienic: unhygienically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state will also boost the rights of domestic workers and repeal the tax on feminine hygiene products.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Q. Re: Still stinky: What’s scary to me is that you monitor her dental hygiene.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
It also advises them on nutrition and hygiene.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卫生，卫生学; 保健法
分布：卫生(94%)，卫生学(6%)
→来自希腊语hygieine techne,长寿艺术，健康生活，来自hygies,健康的，来自eyu-gwie,长寿，*eyu,长久，年青，词源同young,age,*gwie,生命，词源同vital,zoo. 后引申词义卫生。
【记】源于希腊神话中的健康女神Hygeia黑吉尼亚读：high gene－具有很high的gene基因，因为很注意个人卫生。
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the degree to which people keep themselves or their environment clean, especially to prevent disease 卫生；卫生情况
• Poor standards of hygiene mean that the disease spreads fast. 恶劣的卫生情况意味着疾病会快速传播。
• health and hygiene regulations 健康和卫生规定
• dental/personal hygiene 口腔／个人卫生
n. 卫生；卫生学； [医] 保健法
 - health

Word: provisional
Front: provisional
[prəˈvɪʒənl] (雅宝 10847/6164 -2)
Vocabulary: provisional
(once / 1188 pages)
adj
Something provisional is temporary, in the sense that it's only valid for a while. You'll often hear provisional used to describe things such as governments, elections, contracts, and agreements, all of which can change into something permanent.
People who go camping take provisions, which means supplies for the trip. This can be helpful when you're trying to use provisional properly. Remember that those provisions are, well, provisional—they're only supposed to last until the campers get home, where the real food is waiting. If you're in a rush to start filming, you might consider giving your star a provisional contract, so that you can at least get started. You'll have time to replace the provisional one with a permanent one while you film.
WORD FAMILY
provisional: provisionally +/improvidence: improvidences/ improvident: improvidence, improvidently/ provide: provided, provident, provider, provides, providing, provision / providence: providences, providential / provident: improvident, providence, providently/ providential: providentially/ provider: providers/ provision: provisional, provisionary, provisioned, provisioner, provisioning, provisions /provisioner: provisioners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Provisional estimates from the department for transport showed that between 200 and 290 people were killed in drink-drive accidents on Britain's roads last year.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Thousands of absentee and provisional ballots remained to be counted.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Kellogg served in the Army from 1967 to 2003 and after his retirement was chief operations officer for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 暂时的，临时的; 暂定的
n. 临时性; 临时人员
分布：暂时的(61%)，临时性(29%)，临时人员(10%)
→来自provision,供给，供养。引申词义临时的，暂时的。
临时的;备用的(准备好粮食备用)[vis,vid=see表示"看"]
【记】pro前，vision（n 视力；幻想），al：前面的幻想是临时的。
【反】definitive（adj 最后确定的）
adjective
■for the present time but likely to change; temporary 临时的，暂时的
• a provisional government 临时政府
• These dates are only provisional. 这些日期只是暂定的。
adj. 临时的，暂时的；暂定的
 - temporary, extraordinary, interim, odd, occasional

Word: vial
Front: vial
[ˈvaɪəl] (10811/17645)
Vocabulary: vial
(once / 3034 pages)
n
The word vial sounds like another word, "vile" (making them homonyms), but they mean completely different things. A vial is just a small glass bottle that contains a chemical or drug. "Vile" is evil.
One of the coolest things about the English language is how specific you can get. For example, got a small glass bottle made for carrying chemicals or drugs? There's a word for that! That word is vial. There are bottles for soda and bottles for beer, but if what you're carrying is drugs, chemicals, or similar substances, you're carrying them in a vial.
WORD FAMILY
vial: vials
USAGE EXAMPLES
As of last year, that same vial of insulin was selling for $236.70.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
After transferring a few drops of methanol into the vial, she clamped it shut and dropped it into a mass spectrometer.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Par then raised the price of injectable vasopressin to $59 a vial from $8, according to University of Utah Health’s Ms. Fox.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 小瓶; 小玻璃瓶; 药水瓶; 郁积的情绪（如愤怒等）
分布：小瓶(75%)，药水瓶(21%)，把 ... 放入小瓶中(4%)
→来自phial拼写变体。
noun countable
■a phial

Word: funded
Front: funded
[fʌndɪd] (10831/12036)
Back: adj. 成为有固定利息的长期借款的
分布：基金(93%)，资助(7%)
N-PLURAL
(尤指为某一特定目的给予的)资金，钱款
Funds are amounts of money that are available to be spent, especially money that is given to an organization or person for a particular purpose.
例：The concert will raise funds for research into Aids.这场音乐会将为艾滋病研究筹款。
例：...government funds.政府资金
N-COUNT
(某一特定的)基金，专款
A fund is an amount of money that is collected or saved for a particular purpose.
例：...a pension fund.养老基金
例：...a scholarship fund for undergraduate engineering students.提供给工程学本科生的奖学金基金
VERB
资助;为…提供资金
When a person or organization funds something, they provide money for it.
例：The Bush Foundation has funded a variety of faculty development programs...布什基金会已经资助了许多教员发展项目。
例：The airport is being privately funded by a construction group.该机场是由一个建筑集团私人出资兴建的。
N-COUNT
大量;充足
If you have a fund of something, you have a lot of it.
例：He is possessed of an extraordinary fund of energy.他的精力异常充沛。

Word: centennial
Front: centennial
[senˈteniəl] (托 10841/43358 -1)
Vocabulary: centennial
(once / 3414 pages)
adjn
If your parents are celebrating their centennial wedding anniversary, make sure you throw them a really big party. Centennial is a word to describe something that has lasted for 100 years — so your parents have been married an unusually long time!
When you notice the cent- bit in the word centennial you probably think of words like century (100 years) and cent (100 pennies that make up a dollar), and that tips you off that centennial has something to do with the number 100. What these words all share in common is an origin in the Latin word centum, meaning 100. In the case of the adjective centennial, the addition of -ennial gives the word its sense of describing a one hundred year anniversary.
WORD FAMILY
centennial: bicentennial, centennials, semicentennial+/bicentennial: bicentennials
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Speaking ahead of the Centennial Classic, Bettman reiterated that NHL owners were reluctant to return for a sixth consecutive Olympics.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Yellowstone National Park Superintendent Dan Wenk said his agency lost numerous positions to retirements this year, particularly after the agency’s centennial celebration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 一百周年（纪念）
adj. 世纪的; 百年纪念的
分布：百年纪念(77%)，一百年的(23%)
N-SING
同 centenary
A centennial is the same as a centenary .
例：The centennial Olympics will be in Atlanta, Georgia.百年奥运盛典将在佐治亚州亚特兰大举行。

Word: accelerated
Front: accelerated
[æk'seləreɪtɪd] (托 10808/14045)
Back: adj. 加速的
v. （使）加快， （使）增速( accelerate的过去式和过去分词 ); 促使…早日发生，促进; [教育学]使（学生）跳级; 提早学完（课程等）
分布：加速(85%)，促进(9%)，加速的(6%)
V-ERG
（使）加快；（使）增速
If the process or rate of something accelerates or if something accelerates it, it gets faster and faster.
例：Growth will accelerate to 2.9 per cent next year...明年的增长会加快到2.9%。
例：The government is to accelerate its privatisation programme.政府将加快其私有化计划的进程。
VERB
（运动中的车辆）加速
When a moving vehicle accelerates, it goes faster and faster.
例：Suddenly the car accelerated...汽车突然加速。
例：She accelerated away from the kerb.她加速驶离了马路牙子。
adj. 加速的；加快的
 - stepped-up
v. 加速；促进（accelerate的变形）
 - increase speed, quicken up

Word: twentieth-century

Word: at-risk
Front: at-risk
[æt risk] None
Back: adj. 处于危险中的
分布：处于危险中的(100%)

Word: original
Front: original
[əˈrɪdʒənl] (研四六托雅宝 1135/918 -K4)
Vocabulary: original
(once / 50 pages)
adjn
When you buy a car from its original owner, you know it's only been owned by one person. Original means "the very first."
Original comes from the Latin word originem, which means "beginning or birth." Whether you're using it as an adjective to describe something that is literally the very first, or as a noun meaning something that serves as a model for making copies, original means "first." Even when you describe an original idea, meaning "something fresh or unusual," you're talking about the first idea of its kind.
WORD FAMILY
original: originalism, originality, originally, originals, unoriginal+/ originality: originalities/unoriginal: unoriginality, unoriginally
USAGE EXAMPLES
And some of which are almost identical to the originals but lack the comfort and quality.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Otherwise, the airline systems will automatically book the passenger on the next available flight on the original route.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But its roots remain in New York, where its East Harlem branch, Youth Action/YouthBuild, is still in its original storefront.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 原始的; 独创的; 最初的; 新颖的
n. 原文; 原型; 原件; 怪人
分布：最初的(40%)，原始的(24%)，原版(10%)，有独创性的(6%)，原版的(6%)，真品(5%)，怪人(3%)，起源(3%)，有独创性的人(3%)
→来自origin,起源，发源。引申词义原创的。
起源的;独创的(origin+al)[ori,orig=rise,begin,表示"升起,开始"]
a.最初的,原始的;独创的,新颖的n.原物,原作The original Organ Organization was originated with an original man.最初的风琴组织是由一个有创见的人发起的.
【记】源于：origin（n 起源）
【反】commonplace（adj 平凡的）；trite（adj 陈腐的）；pastiche（n 模仿）－original work（原创）
adjective
FIRST MADE 原先的
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■existing since the beginning, or being the earliest form of something 起初的；原先的；最早的
• Is this the original fireplace? 这是原先的壁炉吗？
• The gardens have recently been restored to their original glory. 这些园林最近恢复了原先的辉煌。
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■describes a piece of work, such as a painting, etc. produced by the artist and not a copy 原作的；真迹的；非赝品的
• an original drawing/manuscript 原画／稿
• Is this an original Rembrandt (= Was it painted by him) ? 这是伦勃朗的原作吗？
[ə'rɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl] adjective
DIFFERENT 不同的 mainly approving
■not the same as anything or anyone else and therefore special and interesting 独创的；有创意的；新颖的
• original ideas/suggestions/work 新颖的观点／独到的建议／独创性的工作成果
• She's a highly original young designer. 她是个很有创意的年轻设计师。
Opposite unoriginal
[ə'rɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the first one made and not a copy 原版；原件；原本；原稿
• Can you let me have the original of your report? I can't read this photocopy. 能把你报告的原件给我吗？我看不清这份影印本。
 ESSENTIAL
■a piece of work by a famous artist or designer and not a copy by someone else 原作；真迹；真品
• If the painting is an original, it will be very valuable. 如果这幅画是原作，会非常值钱。
in the original
■If you read something in the original, you read it in the language in which it was first written. 用原著的语言，以原文
opponent, opposite, original, origin
opponent: 反对者
opposite: 相反的
original: 原创
origin: 起源
creative, original, imaginative
这组词都有“有创造力的”的意思，其区别是：
creative: 侧重指具有把本来不存在的事物创造出来的能力。
original: 强调具有与众不同，有独到之处的创造能力。
imaginative: 指想象大异于现实，近乎或等于虚构。强调富有幻想能力。
new, fresh, original, innovative, novel
这组词都有“新的”的意思，其区别是：
new: 普通用词，与old相对，指最近的或创新的。
fresh: 指新鲜的、新做的，侧重创新。
original: 强调独创性。
innovative: 强调富有创新和革新精神。
novel: 侧重新事物的新奇和独特。
raw, original, primitive
raw: 原始的
original: 最初的，独特的
primitive: 原始的
initial, original, primitive
initial: a.开始的，最初的，强调处于事物的起始阶段，也可以指位于开头地方的。
 • My initial good opinion of him changed with time.   时间长了我对他最初的好印象改变了。
original: a.最初的，最早的；原版的，原物的。指按顺序是首位的，在此前不再有更为原始的同类的东西；也指原件的，原物的，非仿造的东西。
 • This is the original piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.   就是在这架钢琴上，这位作曲家创作出了他的一些伟大的作品。
primitive: a.原始的，上古的，早期的，指处于人类生命或事物发展的早期阶段，也可以指自然的或简朴的。
 • Primitive tribes live in the Amazon River basin.   原始部落居住在亚马逊河盆地。
n. [摄] 原件；原作； [经] 原物；原型
 - archetype, antitype
adj. [摄] 原始的；最初的；独创的；新颖的
 - initial, premier, primitive

Word: deport
Front: deport
[dɪˈpɔ:t] (托宝 10824/12472 -2)
Vocabulary: deport
(once / 950 pages)
1v 2v
To deport is to kick someone out of a country. Deporting is also to deliver a person to the authorities of another country. Although you might like to deport your little brother from your room, it’s something governments do.
Governments have the power to deport. When you're deported, you get thrown out of a country, often because you were there illegally. This type of deporting is similar to exiling. Another form of deporting is even harsher: sometimes a person is not only tossed out of one country, but handed over to the government of another country. This is also called being extradited, and it usually happens to people wanted for a crime in the second country.
WORD FAMILY
deport: deportation, deported, deportee, deporting, deportment, deports+/ deportation: deportations/deportee: deportees/ deportment: deportments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie opens on a rough conversation in Mussa’s elementary-school classroom, where he sits in silence as Israeli children discuss whether migrants should be deported.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Attempts by Italy to deport him after his release failed for bureaucratic reasons.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More than twice as many migrants departed the country voluntarily this year than were deported.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 行为，举动; 把…驱逐出境
时态：deported, deporting, deports
分布：驱逐出境(87%)，持...举止(13%)
→de-, 向下，离开。port, 港口。即使离港。
移送,放逐;举止(de去掉+port→拿出来→放逐)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
【记】de去掉，port拿，运一运出去一驱逐de离开，port港口－使老外从港口离开－驱逐
US [-'pɔ:rt] verb transitive
■to force someone to leave a country, especially someone who has no legal right to be there or who has broken the law 把…驱逐出境，把…遣送出境
• Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year. 每年都有数千名非法移民被捕并被驱逐出境。
• The refugees were deported back to their country of origin. 那些难民被遣返回国了。
vt. 驱逐出境；举止；放逐
 - bear oneself, banish

Word: dweller
Front: dweller
[ˈdwelə(r)] (托 10815/11458 -1)
Back: n. 居民，居住者(dwell的派生)
分布：居民(65%)，居住者(35%)
US [-ɚ] noun
city/town/cave, etc. dweller
■a person who lives in a city, town, cave, etc. 城市／城镇／洞穴等居民
n. 居民，居住者
 - liver, resident, inhabitant, habitant

Word: ardent
Front: ardent
[ˈɑ:dnt] (托雅宝 10839/13855 -1)
Vocabulary: ardent
(once / 334 pages)
adj
If you are ardent, you are passionate about something. A pop star's ardent admirers might go so crazy at his concert that they faint from excitement.
Ardent is most often used to modify words like supporter, fan, advocate, admirer, and defender — but also opponent. Although you can either ardently support or oppose something, support is by far the more common use. The word literally means "burning" or "glowing" — it's from Latin ardere, "to burn." In poetic use, the word is sometimes used to mean "glowing," as Alexander Pope did in his 1718 translation of Homer's Iliad: "From rank to rank she darts her ardent eyes."
WORD FAMILY
ardent: ardenter, ardently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Berger’s methods, influenced by the ideas of Walter Benjamin, tended to attract either ardent admiration or seething criticism, with little in between.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Broeksmit was always an ardent advocate for Mr. Jain.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
God is silent; in a way, so is this most ardent missionary.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 热心的，热情的，热烈的; 炽热的; 强烈的; 激烈的
分布：热心的(48%)，热情的(36%)，激烈的(16%)
→来自词根ard, 火。词源同ash，字母r,s 音变。
热情的[ard=burn(燃烧)]
【记】读：啊！灯塔！我的领航员！（热情的读出来）
【参】arduous（adj 费劲的，险峻的）；ardor（n 热诚，情欲）
US ['ɑ:r-] adjective [before noun]
■showing strong feelings 热烈的；激情的；强烈的
• an ardent supporter of Manchester United 曼联队的狂热支持者
• an ardent feminist 坚定的女权主义者
adj. 热情的；热心的；激烈的；燃烧般的
 - intense, acute, warm, eager, tropical

Word: relive
Front: relive
[ˌri:ˈlɪv] (10823/13928 -1)
Back: vt. （在想像中）重新过…的生活，再经历
时态：relived, reliving, relives
分布：再生(78%)，再次经历(22%)
→re-,再，重新，live,活，生活。
verb transitive
■to remember clearly an experience that happened in the past 重温；对…记忆犹新；回味
• Whenever I smell burning, I relive the final moments of the crash. 一闻到东西烧焦的味道，我就觉得好像又回到了那次撞车事故中最后几分钟的场景中。
vt. 再体验
 - recapture
vi. 复活；再生
 - come back to life again, resurge

Word: amen
Front: amen
[ɑ:'men] (10827/12840)
Back: int. 阿门
n. <美口>认可或批准
adv. <古>真实地
→来自希伯来语amen, 真理。
formal
exclamation
■said or sung at the end of a prayer or sometimes a religious song to express agreement with what has been said （用于祈祷或圣歌的结束，表示诚心许愿）阿门
[ˌɑ:'men] [ˌeɪ-] formal
exclamation
amen to that
■said to show that you agree strongly with something that someone has just said （表示非常同意别人对某事的说法）同意，赞成
• "Thank goodness we didn't go." "Amen to that!" “谢天谢地我们没有走。”“可不是嘛！”
n. 祈祷的结束语；赞成
 - approval, consent
adv. 真实地
 - truly, really, true

Word: nice
Front: nice
[naɪs] (中高宝 897/750 -K4)
Vocabulary: nice
(once / 96 pages)
adj
To be nice is to be pleasant and good-natured. Polite people and sunny days are nice.
Nice people and situations are enjoyable and don't cause problems. If you say something rude (or honest) to your sibling, your parents might say "Be nice!" This word is a little vague and overused. Like interesting, it's hard to know what people really mean when they say nice. One meaning is easier to figure out: if you score a goal in hockey, that was a nice shot. That means you were skillful and did well — you shot the puck nicely.
WORD FAMILY
nice: nicely, niceness, nicer, nicest, overnice+/niceness: nicenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“You ever been to the Belvedere? They got two really nice bars over there.”
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“You are human. Be nice to yourself and just start over.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
George was very nice, almost a little shy.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 美好的，愉快的; 正派的; 友好的，亲切的; 细致的
级别：nicer, nicest
分布：好的(76%)，友好的(8%)，令人愉快的(7%)，美妙的(6%)，精细的(3%)
→来自法语nice,笨的，傻的，来自拉丁语nescius,无知的，ne-,无，没有，-sci,知识，知道，词源同science.后来词义反转的赋予了诸多褒义色彩。比较silly.
a.美好的,令人愉快的;友好的,亲切的A nice price of the iced rice is offered to the officer.军官得到了冰冻米的好价钱.
adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的
 ESSENTIAL
■pleasant, enjoyable or satisfactory 愉快的；美好的；满意的
• Did you have a nice holiday? 你假期过得愉快吗？
• Have a nice day/time! 祝你度过愉快的一天／过得愉快！
• This milk doesn't smell very nice. 这种牛奶闻起来味道不太好。
• Thanks for ringing - it 's been nice talking to you. 谢谢你的来电——跟你聊天很开心。
• Wasn't it nice of them to invite us? 他们真不错，想到了邀请我们，不是吗？
nice and ... informal
 ADVANCED
■pleasantly 令人愉快地，很好地
• This orange is nice and juicy. 这橘子真是味美多汁。
[naɪs] adjective
KIND 好心的
 IMPROVER
■kind, friendly or polite 好心的；友善的；有礼貌的
• Jane's new boyfriend is a really nice guy. 简的新男友是个很不错的小伙子。
• I wish you'd be nice to your brother. 我希望你会好好对待你弟弟。
• It was very nice of her to drive you home. 她开车送你回家真是好心。
• It's not nice to talk with your mouth full. 嘴里塞满食物时说话，是不礼貌的。
[naɪs] adjective
SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT 略有不同的
[before noun] formal
■based on very slight differences and needing a lot of careful and detailed thought 细微的；微妙的
• I wasn't convinced by the minister's nice distinction between a lie and an untruth. 部长所说关于谎言和不实之间的微妙区别，无法令我信服。
[naɪs] adjective
Nice one! UK Australian informal
■something that you say when you have just heard that someone has done something you think is good 好样的！太好了！（用于表示对某人所作所为的赞叹）
• 'Graham's brought some champagne along to mark the occasion.' 'Oh, nice one, Graham!' “格雷厄姆带了些香槟来庆祝这一时刻。”“太棒了，格雷厄姆！”
[naɪs] adjective
nice work if you can get it
■something you say about an easy way of earning money which you would like to do if you could 容易赚钱的事人人都愿意做，能有这样的好事就好了。
• She got one million dollars for appearing on television for five minutes - (that's) nice work if you can get it! 她在电视上露面5分钟就拿到了100万美元——这样的好事谁不愿意做！
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 精密的；美好的；细微的；和蔼的
 - precision, exact, narrow, kind, benign

Word: oversized
Front: oversized
[ˈəʊvəsaɪzd] (10832/22111)
Back: adj. 大于一般的，特大号的，太大的
分布：特大的(52%)，=oversize.(16%)，比普通尺码大的(16%)，太大的(16%)
adj. 过大的，极大的
 - tremendous, infinite

Word: decoy
Front: decoy
[ˈdi:kɔɪ] (宝 10810/21721 -1)
Vocabulary: decoy
(once / 2553 pages)
nv
A decoy is a fake version of something used to play a trick or lead you into danger, like the cork duck decoys hunters put on the pond to make the real ducks think it's safe to stop by.
Decoy most often refers to bait used for trapping or killing an animal, but it can be any object or plan used to lead someone or something into trouble. Fisherman use worm decoys on their lures to catch fish, just like police use people as undercover decoys to catch criminals. While etymologists aren't positive, they suspect decoy comes from the Dutch kooi, which means “a cage.” So think of luring a mouse into a cage with a big slice of decoy cheese.
WORD FAMILY
decoy: decoyed, decoying, decoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Activists were left wondering whether the heartbeat bill wasn’t just a decoy deployed to allow easier passage of the 20-week ban.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
To avoid accusations of entrapment, the so-called decoy is careful what information "she" volunteers, and reveals, about her fictional self.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Despite his separated shoulder, Reed was far more than a decoy in the second half.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 诱饵，诱鸟; 圈套; 诱捕
vt. 诱捕
时态：decoyed, decoying, decoys
分布：诱饵(78%)，引诱(22%)
→来自荷兰语de kooi, the cage. 即笼子，陷阱，后用来指诱捕鸟兽的假兽，假鸟。
【源】原指：用一堆真假野鸭子引诱其他野鸭子从而捕获
【记】我decoy你，导致你decay；decoy别人的人不会coy（adj 故作腼腆的）de卑劣的行为，coy（adj 故作忸怩状）：诱骗
noun countable
■something or someone used to trick or confuse other people or animals into doing something, especially something dangerous 诱饵，圈套；用作诱饵的人
• They used a girl hitch-hiker as the decoy to get him to stop. 他们用一名搭便车的女孩子作诱饵拦住了他的车。
n. [动] [水产] 诱饵；诱骗
 - inveiglement, gudgeon
vt. 诱骗
 - inveigle

Word: righteous
Front: righteous
[ˈraɪtʃəs] (雅 10845/14454 -1)
Vocabulary: righteous
(once / 213 pages)
adj
Do you consider yourself a moral person, who tries to do good and be good? If the answer is yes, you are righteous — in the right.
Being righteous literally means to be right, especially in a moral way. Religious people often talk about being righteous. In their view, the righteous person not only does the right thing for other people but also follows the laws of their religion. Heroes like Martin Luther King are often called righteous. On the other hand, this word can be a little negative. If you call someone self-righteous, it means they're a little too sure they're right and better than other people.
WORD FAMILY
righteous: righteousest, righteously, righteousness, self-righteous, unrighteous+/ righteousness: righteousnesses/ self-righteous: self-righteously/unrighteous: unrighteously, unrighteousness/unrighteousness: unrighteousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the nickname for the role, Guardian Angel, was freighted with a presumption of unerring perfection and righteous power.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet, Marissen concludes, this cantata is a poor vehicle for righteous anger against Jews.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But this sublimely righteous outburst is posed on a solid meritocratic basis.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 正直的; 正义的; 公正的
分布：公义的(57%)，公正的(39%)，当然的(4%)
→来自古英语 rihtwis,正确的举止，来自 riht,正确的，wis,举止，词源同 wise.后拼写与词义都 通俗化。
正确的(right正确+eous)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
【记】源于：right（n 正义；adj 正当的）
【反】reprobate（n 堕落者）－righteous individual（正直的人）
['raɪ.tʃəs] formal
adjective
■morally correct 正义的；公正的；正当的
• He was regarded as a righteous and holy man. 他被认为是一个正直而虔诚的人。
• an outburst of righteous anger 义愤的爆发
⇒ See also self-righteous
['raɪ.tʃəs] formal
plural noun
the righteous
■people who behave in a way that is morally correct 正义的人，正直的人
adj. 正义的；正直的；公正的
 - judicial, straight, just, square

Word: narration
Front: narration
[nəˈreɪʃn] (六托 10868/21510)
Vocabulary: narration
(once / 1901 pages)
n
Narration is the act of telling a story, usually in some kind of chronological order. Making up a scary ghost story and relating it around a camp fire is an act of narration.
Narration generally means any kind of explaining or telling of something. It is usually used in reference to storytelling. If you've ever watched a television show where one character's voice talks directly to the audience, then you've heard narration. You will often find narration happening in songs where the singer is telling the story of how something happened — like the day he lost his guitar, his truck, his wife, and started singing the blues.
WORD FAMILY
narration: narrations+/ narrate: narrated, narrates, narrating, narration, narrative, narrator / narrative: narratively, narratives/ narrator: narrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
But questions of content and narration get much more attention than recent sales trends.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
A drama would be an opera, and a narration would be an oratorio, or a Passion.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The rather heavy-handed message — reinforced by Perrin’s spare, soothing narration — is clear, as war and pesticides are unleashed and animals displaced.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 叙述，故事，[语]叙述法
分布：叙述(100%)
→来自narrate,叙述。
US [nær'eɪ-] noun
uncountable
■the act of telling a story 叙述，讲故事
countable or uncountable
■a spoken description of events given during a film or television programme （电影或电视节目中的）解说，旁白
• Dame Judi Dench did the narration for the documentary. 裘蒂．丹奇女爵士为这部纪录片担任解说。
n. 叙述，讲述；故事
 - relation, statement, story, telling, tale

Word: blare
Front: blare
[bleə(r)] (宝 10830/19500 -1)
Vocabulary: blare
(once / 2759 pages)
vn
To blare means to crank up the volume — really LOUDly. Blare is what you do with your dance music if you want your neighbors to hate you.
The verb blare has ties to the Middle Dutch word bleren, meaning "to bleat, cry, bawl, shout." Blare describes a loud, harsh, unpleasant sound, something you associate with car horns on a busy city street at rush hour, sirens on a police car, or even music played at an unnecessarily high volume. A club is allowed to blare its dance music. But if you blare music at home? Your neighbors would probably consider that too loud.
WORD FAMILY
blare: blared, blares, blaring+/blaring: blarings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At 5:39 a.m., more than a dozen tow trucks, headlights on, paraded down Colorado, horns blaring.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was in her final post that the crackle of gunfire is heard as the music blares.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Headlines blaring “VILE” and “No Justice for Tragic Norma” followed.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出响而刺耳的声音
vt. 嘟嘟地发出; 高声发出; 高声宣布
n. 嘟嘟声，巨响; （颜色等的）光泽
时态：blared, blaring, blares
分布：巨响(40%)，大叫(20%)，吼叫声(20%)，高声鸣叫(20%)
→拟声词。
【记】1）读：布莱尔。大家看过《女巫布莱尔》吗？一个恐怖片，看的时候一定会尖叫的。2）源于：bleat（n 牛羊的叫声，哀鸣）。B别，eat吃，牛尖叫－别吃我。
US [bler] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make an unpleasantly loud noise 发出（刺耳的声音）
• The loudspeakers blared across the square. 广场上充斥着扬声器刺耳的声音。
• The radio was blaring (out) martial music. 收音机正在播放刺耳的军乐。
n. 嘟嘟声；号声；巨响
 - toot, trumpet call
vt. 嘟嘟地发出；高声发出
 - tootle

Word: gobble
Front: gobble
[ˈgɒbl] (宝 10836/15456 -1)
Vocabulary: gobble
(once / 2391 pages)
vn
To gobble is to eat quickly — really quickly. When you gobble your dinner, you hardly even chew your food.
You’ve probably been told that gobbling your food is impolite. However, maybe you can get away with it if you impress your dining companions with some interesting facts about this word’s history. Gobble comes from an Old French word meaning “a mouthful” or “a lump.” It’s related to gob, a slang term for “mouth” in the UK.
WORD FAMILY
gobble: gobbled, gobbler, gobbles, gobbling+/gobbler: gobblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jewish state is gobbling up land that is supposed to be preserved for the Palestinians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As a result, the two gobble up a combined 58 percent of all the advertising purchased in the U.S. online or on mobile phones.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pablo and Coloring Book gobbled up a disproportionate amount of my listening time and intellectual and spiritual energy this year.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 狼吞虎咽地吃
vi. （火鸡）咯咯地叫; 贪食
n. （火鸡的）咯咯叫声
时态：gobbled, gobbling, gobbles
分布：狼吞虎咽(82%)，很快用完(6%)，发出咯咯叫声(6%)，咯咯叫声(6%)
→来自gob, 嘴。-le, 表反复。
【记】gob（n 嘴；大量）因为gobble所以gabble（v 急促而不清楚地说话）gobble中的O象狼吞虎咽的嘴读：够饱－足够饱了，因为gobble
【参】babble（v 说胡话；说傻话）
US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
EAT 吃
intransitive or transitive informal
■to eat food too fast 狼吞虎咽，大口大口地吃
• She gobbled her dinner (down/up). 她狼吞虎咽地吃完了晚饭。
UK ['gɒb.l] US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
MAKE NOISE 发出噪音
intransitive
■to make the sound of a male turkey （雄火鸡）咯咯叫
UK ['gɒb.l] US ['gɑ:.bl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gobble sth up informal
■to gobble 大口吞食；狼吞虎咽
■to use a lot of your supply of something, usually money 很快地用掉（通常指钱）
• The mounting legal costs quickly gobbled up their savings. 日益增加的诉讼费很快耗尽了他们的积蓄。
vi. 贪食；咯咯叫
 - cluck
vt. 狼吞虎咽
 - snarf, bolt down

Word: regular
Front: regular
[ˈregjələ(r)] (高研四六托雅 1370/1276 -K4)
Vocabulary: regular
(once / 56 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adj 4adjn 5adj 6adj 7n
The adjective regular is useful for describing something that happens in a specific way again and again, like your regular tasks at work.
Things that occur in a particular order or a certain way can be called regular. You might have a regular group of patients you visit when you're volunteering at the hospital, or a roommate who insists on sitting down together for regular meals. The word regular comes from the Latin regularis, "continuing rules for guidance," which in turn has its roots in regula, or "rule."
WORD FAMILY
regular: irregular, regularise, regularity, regularize, regularly, regulars+/ irregular: irregularity, irregularly, irregulars/irregularity: irregularities/regularise: regularisation, regularised, regularising/ regularity: regularities, unregularity/regularize: regularization, regularized, regularizes, regularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
All appeared fine with his injured right throwing shoulder, which caused him to miss the final two games of the regular season.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He re-aggravated the injury during a November loss to Georgia and missed the final two games of the regular season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He led the Trojans with 79 tackles in the regular season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 有规律的; 规则，整齐的; 不变的; 合格的
n. 正规军; 主力（或正式）队员; 常客
adv. 定期地; 经常地
分布：规则的(42%)，正规的(19%)，经常的(19%)，整齐的(17%)，有规律的；定期的(3%)
→来自拉丁语 regula,规则，来自 regere,管理，统治，来自 reg,拉直，词源同 correct,right,regal.
a.有规律的;整齐的,匀称的,正规的,正式的The store has a lot of regular customers.这家商店有许多老主顾.
US [-lɚ] adjective
OFTEN 经常
 ESSENTIAL
■happening or doing something often 频繁的；经常发生的；经常做的
• a regular customer/churchgoer/reader/user 老顾客／经常去教堂做礼拜的人／固定读者／老用户
• Top footballers make regular appearances on TV. 顶尖的足球运动员经常在电视上亮相。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
EVEN 均匀的
 IMPROVER
■existing or happening repeatedly in a fixed pattern, with equal or similar amounts of space or time between one and the next; even 定时的；固定的；有规律的；规则的；均匀的
• Her heartbeat was regular. 她的心跳很正常。
• The gardeners planted the trees at regular intervals. 园丁按照固定的间隔种树。
• I suggest that we have regular meetings/meet on a regular basis. 我建议我们定期会面。
■If you say someone is regular, you mean they pass the contents of their bowels out of their body often enough, or (of women) that their period is always at approximately the same time （人）大便正常的；（女性）月经正常的
• The doctor asked if I was regular/if my bowel movements were regular. 医生问我大便是否正常。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
USUAL 通常的
 ADVANCED US
■usual or ordinary 普通的；一般的；寻常的
• Her regular secretary was off sick for a week. 她平时的秘书生病了，休假一周。
• I couldn't see my regular dentist. 我不能去找平时给我看病的那个牙医了。
• mainly US I bought a regular size tee-shirt, rather than extra large. 我买了一件标准尺码的T恤衫，而不是特大号的。
 ADVANCED specialized
■describes a verb, noun or adjective which follows the usual rules in the structure of its various forms （动词、名词或形容词）规则的，按规则变化的
• 'To talk' is a regular verb but 'to be' is not. 动词 to talk 是个规则动词，而 to be 就不是。
a regular guy US
■a normal man who is liked and trusted 可亲近信赖的人；好人
regular army/soldier, etc.
■an army that exists all the time, or a soldier in such an army 正规军／正规军士兵等
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
SIMILAR 相似的
■the same on both or all sides 均匀的；端正的；整齐的
• He's very handsome, with regular features and deep brown eyes. 他相貌英俊，五官端正，长着一双深褐色的眼睛。
• A square is a regular quadrilateral. 广场是个正四边形。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
COMPLETE 完全的
[before noun] informal
■real; complete 完全的；彻底的；十足的
• The situation here now is becoming a regular disaster. 这里的局势现在正在演变成一场惨重的灾难。
• old-fashioned That child is a regular charmer/little nuisance. 那个小孩真是个地地道道的迷人精／讨厌鬼。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] adjective
(as) regular as clockwork
■never late 准时
• In this country the trains are regular as clockwork. 在这个国家，列车非常准时。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
CUSTOMER 顾客
■someone who often goes to a particular event or place, such as a shop or restaurant 常客；老顾客；老主顾
• He's one of the regulars at the Rose and Crown pub. 他是玫瑰王冠酒吧馆的常客之一。
UK ['reg.jʊ.lər] US [-lɚ] noun countable
SOLDIER 军人
■a soldier whose permanent job is being a soldier 职业军人；正规军人
ordinary, typical, regular, normal, natural
这组词都有“规则的，正常的，正规的”的意思，其区别是：
ordinary: 强调一般性和普通性，含不突出的意味。
typical: 指个体能体现出群体的特征。
regular: 指已有模式、有规律或定期的。
normal: 指不超过某种限度、符合某种标准或常规。
natural: 侧重某人或某物的行为符合其固有特性。
usual, habitual, regular, conventional, customary
这组词都有“通常的，惯常的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。
habitual: 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重经常性、习惯性。
regular: 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。
conventional: 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。
customary: 指特定的个人或群体的平常习惯，或习俗性的行为。
adj. 定期的；有规律的；合格的； [植] 整齐的
 - qualified, stated, ordered, straight, periodic
n. 常客；正式队员；中坚分子
 - familiar, elite
adv. 定期地；经常地
 - frequently, periodically

Word: jolt
Front: jolt
[dʒəʊlt] (托雅宝 10838/14872 -1)
Vocabulary: jolt
(once / 1221 pages)
vn
To jolt someone is to disturb them or make them jump. A jolt is sudden and jarring.
Jolting disturbs or surprises people. If you surprise someone and they jump up a little, you jolted them. Alarm clocks jolt people out of sleep. A sudden crack of thunder could provide a jolt. The unexpected barking of a dog could jolt you. Jolting is quick and not very pleasant. A jolt jars and stuns you. Some jolts are more serious: crashing your car jolts the people in the car violently.
WORD FAMILY
jolt: jolted, jolting, jolts, jolty+/jolting: joltingly/jolty: joltily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Maryland political scene will experience an unexpected jolt when:
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
What may jolt even those who supported Mr. Trump is the extremity of Mr. Price’s views on women’s health.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Second, Indiana’s roads need long-overdue mending and rebuilding, an initiative that would deliver a positive jolt to the state’s economy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）摇动，（使）震惊; 使震惊; 使颠簸
vi. 摇晃，颠簸而行
n. 颠簸，摇，震惊，严重挫折; 震惊，引起震惊的事情; 突然的猛击; 意外的挫折
时态：jolted, jolting, jolts
分布：震动(26%)，颠簸(19%)，震摇(17%)，震惊(14%)，摇动(8%)，动摇(6%)，颠簸而行(5%)，少量(4%)，敲击(1%)
→可能来自中古英语jollen,击，打，连续猛击。引申词义震动，晃动。
【记】读：咒他－他把你的女朋友抢了，你就咒他被猝击。
US [dʒoʊlt] verb
MOVE SUDDENLY 突然移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause something or someone to) move suddenly and violently （使）震动，（使）猛然摇动
• The train stopped unexpectedly and we were jolted forwards. 火车突然停住了，我们都猛然向前晃了一下。
• The truck jolted along the rough track through the field. 卡车沿着田野里崎岖的小路颠簸前行。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] verb
SHOCK 震惊
transitive
■to shock someone in order to change their behaviour or way of thinking 使震惊
• The charity used photos of starving children in an attempt to jolt the public conscience (= make them feel guilty and take action). 慈善机构用饥饿儿童的照片来触发大众的良知。
jolt sb into/out of sth
■to give someone a sudden shock which forces them to act 使（某人）受到震惊（而采取行动）；使（某人）从…中觉醒
• The news about Sam's illness jolted her into action. 山姆生病的消息使她顿然醒觉，开始采取行动。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
MOVEMENT 动作
■a sudden violent movement 震动，剧烈晃动；颠簸
• As the plane touched the ground, there was a massive jolt and we were thrown forwards. 飞机着陆时剧烈震动，我们被猛地甩向前方。
• I woke up with a jolt as I thought I heard my bedroom door being pushed open. 我好像听到自己卧室的门被推开，猛地惊醒了。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
SHOCK 震惊
■an unpleasant shock or surprise 震惊，惊讶
• His self-confidence took a sudden jolt with the news that he had not been selected. 他未能获选的消息使他的自信心遭受意外打击。
vt. 使颠簸；使震惊；使摇动
 - shock, surge
vi. 摇晃；颠簸而行
 - rock, roll
n. 颠簸；摇晃；震惊；严重挫折
 - shock, roll

Word: mend
Front: mend
[mend] (中高托宝 10849/7566 -1)
Vocabulary: mend
(once / 416 pages)
vn
When you mend something, you fix it or make it better. If you can mend your broken lamp, then it will shine again. If not you'll have to sit in the dark.
The word mend was originally used as a religious term, meaning to free a person from sin, usually through repentance and good deeds. Mend has come to refer to fixing something that is broken. A mechanic might mend a broken car, or a seamstress might mend a torn dress. The word also frequently relates health and healing. Someone recovering from a long bout of the flu is said to be "on the mend." But as the song goes, "How can you mend a broken heart?"
WORD FAMILY
mend: mended, mender, mending, mends+/mender: menders/mending: mendings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Second, Indiana’s roads need long-overdue mending and rebuilding, an initiative that would deliver a positive jolt to the state’s economy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Whether or not he mends his ways, you should be on the lookout for a job somewhere—maybe anywhere—else.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Demanding a Turkish apology, Moscow imposed damaging sanctions - notably a freeze on charter flights by Russian tourists - and the two countries only recently mended ties.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 修理，修补; 改正，纠正; 加强; 使恢复健康
vi. 康复，痊愈; 修理，矫正
n. 修补; 补丁; 痊愈
时态：mended, mending, mends
分布：修补(45%)，修理(32%)，改进(12%)，痊愈(6%)，改过自新(3%)，修补处(2%)
→缩写自amend,修理。来自拉丁语emendare,修理，纠正错误，来自ex-,向外，menda,错误，缺陷，词源同mendicant,残疾人，行乞者。
v.修理,缝补;改正,改进The mender recommends me to amend the legend agenda.修理工建议劝告我修改传奇议程.
【参】mendicant（adj 乞丐的；n 乞丐）总是修补衣服；menial（adj 仆人的；n 仆人）
【反】rend（v 撕碎）
[mend] mainly UK
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to repair something that is broken or damaged 修理；修补；缝补
• Could you mend this hole in my shirt? 你能把我衬衫上的这个洞补一下吗？
• I've left my watch at the jeweller's to be mended. 我把手表留在钟表店那里修理了。
• The plumber came to mend the burst pipe. 水管工来修理爆裂的水管。
• The country's president is seeking to mend relations with the United States. 该国总统正试图修补与美国的关系。
[mend] mainly UK
verb transitive
mend your fences
■to try to be friendly again with someone after an argument 冰释前嫌，重修旧好
[mend] mainly UK
verb transitive
mend your ways
■to begin to behave well having until now behaved badly 改过自新，改正不良行为
[mend] mainly UK
noun countable
■a place in a piece of clothing where a repair has been made 修补过的地方
[mend] mainly UK
noun countable
be on the mend informal
■to be getting better after an illness or injury （病后）身体逐渐康复
• She's been ill with flu but she's on the mend now. 她得了流感，但现在正逐渐好起来。
fix, mend, repair, patch
这组词都有“修理，修复”的意思，其区别是：
fix: 多用于美语，仅用于指带有安装固定性质的修理。
mend: 通常指较简单的修复过程，一般不需要专门技术或特殊工具。
repair: 可与mend换用，但一般指需要较高的职业技能和使用较复杂的工具进行修理。
patch: 通常指用类似材料修补破洞、裂缝或磨损的地方。
vt. 修理，修补；改善；修改
 - improve, repair, doctor, modify
vi. 改善，好转
 - change for the better, polish up
n. 好转，改进；修补处
 - reforming, improvement in

Word: subpoena
Front: subpoena
[səˈpi:nə] (宝 10846/36458 -1)
Vocabulary: subpoena
(once / 3473 pages)
nv
A subpoena is a document that requires its recipient to appear in court as a witness. If you receive a subpoena, it doesn't mean you've done anything wrong; it just means you may have information that's needed by the court.
Subpoena can also be a verb: You can subpoena someone by giving them a subpoena. If you receive a subpoena but fail to carry out its instructions, you're in big trouble. This fact is suggested by the Latin roots of this word: the prefix sub- means "under" and poena means "penalty." One nice thing about a subpoena is that it's not a summons; if you get one of those, it means you're being sued.
WORD FAMILY
subpoena: subpoenaed, subpoenaing, subpoenas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The City Attorney’s Office wants to quash the subpoenas, and a hearing on that is scheduled next month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
A spokesman for the U.S. attorney for the Northern District of California, which issued the subpoena, declined comment.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Guidelines for law enforcement listed on the company’s website include a requirement for a court order or subpoena before it releases user information.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. <法>传票
vt. <法>传唤（某人）; 传讯
时态：subpoenaed, subpoenaing, subpoenas
分布：名词(63%)，动词(37%)
→来自拉丁语 sub poena,等待处罚的，来自 sub,在下，poena,处罚，词源同 penal,punish.
【记】sub下面，poena＝penalty（n 惩罚）－面临惩罚－传讯
legal
verb transitive
■to order someone to go to a court of law to answer questions 传唤（某人）出庭
• A friend of the victim was subpoenaed as a witness by lawyers representing the accused. 被告方律师传唤受害人的一个朋友出庭作证。
• [+ to infinitive] They were subpoenaed to testify before the judge. 他们被传唤到庭作证。
■to order that documents must be produced in a court of law （发传票）命令交出，索取
[sə'pi:.nə] legal
noun countable
■a legal document ordering someone to appear in a court of law 传票
• Subpoenas were issued to several government employees. 已向几个政府雇员发出传票。
vt. 传唤，传审；传讯
 - cite, arraign
n. [法] 传票
 - citation, summons

Word: teller
Front: teller
[ˈtelə(r)] (10852/15778 -1)
Back: n. 出纳员; 叙述者; 银行柜员机; 计票人
分布：出纳员(91%)，叙述者(5%)，计票人(4%)
→来自 tell 古义，计算，数数，-er,人。用于指出计，出纳，多见于自动取款机缩写词 ATM, 缩写自 automatic teller machine.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who counts votes at an election （选举的）计票人
US and Australian English
■a person employed in a bank to receive and pay out money 银行出纳员
n. （美）出纳员；讲述者；讲故事者；计票员
 - casher, treasurer

Word: naturalist
Front: naturalist
[ˈnætʃrəlɪst] (托 10840/10616 -1)
Vocabulary: naturalist
(once / 880 pages)
1n 2n
That neighborhood kid who is always collecting butterflies and leaves? He just might grow up to be a naturalist, or a scientist who specializes in studying nature.
A biologist whose interest lies primarily in the study of plants or animals can be called a naturalist, although these days it's more likely she'll be called a natural historian, a botanist, or a zoologist. The noun naturalist comes from the Latin word natura, "course of things, natural character, the universe," or literally, "birth." Be careful not to confuse naturalist with naturist, which is another word for a person who prefers to be naked — a nudist.
WORD FAMILY
naturalist: naturalists+/denaturalise: denaturalised, denaturalises/denaturalize: denaturalized, denaturalizes, denaturalizing/ natural: naturalise, naturalism, naturalize, naturally, naturalness, naturals, nonnatural, supernatural, unnatural /naturalisation: naturalisations/naturalise: denaturalise, naturalisation, naturalised, naturalises, naturalising/naturalised: unnaturalised/ naturalism: naturalist, naturalistic / naturalistic: naturalistically/ naturalization: naturalizations/ naturalize: denaturalize, naturalization, naturalized, naturalizes, naturalizing/naturalized: unnaturalized/naturalness: naturalnesses/ nature: ill-natured, natural, natures, naturism/naturism: naturist, naturistic/naturist: naturists/ supernatural: supernaturalism, supernaturally, supernaturalness, supernaturals/supernaturalism: supernaturalisms, supernaturalist, supernaturalistic/ unnatural: unnaturally, unnaturalness/unnaturalness: unnaturalnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The study drew upon records from amateur enthusiasts and scientists, including notes from 19th-century American naturalist Henry David Thoreau.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
They drew upon records from amateur enthusiasts and scientists, including notes from 19th-century American naturalist Henry David Thoreau.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Three sisters are trained in their respective talents — poisoner, naturalist, elemental — to fight to the death when they turn 16.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 自然主义者; 博物学者; <英>买卖玩赏动物的商人; 动物标本剥制师
adj. 自然的（等于naturalistic）; 自然主义的; 博物学的
分布：自然主义者(84%)，博物学者(16%)
→来自nature,自然。即自然学家，博物学家。
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a person who studies and knows a lot about plants and animals 博物学家
n. 自然主义者；博物学者；（英）动物标本剥制者；买卖玩赏动物的商人
 - taxidermist
adj. 自然的（等于naturalistic）；自然主义的；博物学的
 - spontaneous, unrestrained

Word: detrimental
Front: detrimental
[ˌdetrɪˈmentl] (托雅宝 10826/9873 -1)
Vocabulary: detrimental
(once / 4017 pages)
adj
Detrimental is a formal way of saying "harmful." Anything detrimental hurts, hinders, or puts a damper on something. Detrimental things do damage.
Have you ever heard "Smoking may be detrimental to your health" and wondered what it meant? It means that smoking is bad for your health: it's going to harm you in a bunch of ways. Detrimental is a more official, formal way of talking about things that do harm. A dog who likes digging holes can be detrimental to a garden. If you're writing a paper and want to pick an alternative to harmful that sounds more formal, detrimental is a great choice.
WORD FAMILY
detrimental: detrimentally+/ detriment: detrimental, detriments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even fidgeting is beneficial, a study from July showed, lessening the otherwise detrimental effects of long bouts of sitting on blood flow to the legs.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He was suspended one game by the Kings last season for “conduct detrimental to the team” after a tirade directed at then-Coach George Karl.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“I predict the council will need to revisit this legislation and address the detrimental impacts on District residents and small businesses.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 有害的; 不利的
n. 有害的人（或物）; 不受欢迎的求婚者
分布：有害的(96%)，有害的人或事(4%)
有害的(detriment损害,危害)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
US [-tˌəl] formal
adjective
■causing harm or damage 危害，损害
• These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact on the environment. 这些化学品对环境有危害。
• Their decision could be detrimental to the future of the company. 他们的决定可能会对公司的未来产生不利影响。
adj. 不利的；有害的
 - harmful, adverse, against, evil, disadvantageous

Word: spiritually
Front: spiritually
['spɪrɪtʃʊəlɪ] (10856/14336)
Back: adv. 在精神上地
分布：精神上(100%)
ADJ
精神(上)的;心灵(上)的
Spiritual means relating to people's thoughts and beliefs, rather than to their bodies and physical surroundings.
例：She lived entirely by spiritual values, in a world of poetry and imagination.她追求精神上的满足，完全生活在一个诗歌和想象的世界里。
ADJ
宗教(上)的；宗教信仰(上)的
Spiritual means relating to people's religious beliefs.
例：The spiritual leader of Ireland's 3.7 million Catholics...爱尔兰 370 万天主教徒的宗教领袖
例：A man in priestly clothes offered spiritual guidance.一位身着牧师袍服的男子进行了宗教布道。
N-COUNT
灵歌(原为美国黑奴所唱的一种宗教歌曲)
A spiritual is a religious song of the type originally sung by black slaves in America.
PHRASE
精神家园;精神故乡
Your spiritual home is the place where you feel that you belong, usually because your ideas or attitudes are the same as those of the people who live there.

Word: demolition
Front: demolition
[ˌdemə'lɪʃn] (托宝 10854/7696)
Vocabulary: demolition
(once / 3662 pages)
n
Demolition is the act of knocking something down or totally destroying it. It's what construction crews do with sledgehammers and wrecking balls.
Not for the faint of heart, demolition usually involves explosives, bulldozers and lots of dust and debris. The act of demolishing something could be seen as a good stress reliever though, if plowing through drywall or mowing over shrubbery is your kind of thing. Or perhaps you could join "a demolition crew," hired to send the wrecking ball though buildings big and small.
WORD FAMILY
demolition: demolitions+/ demolish: demolished, demolishes, demolishing, demolition
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s delayed demolition of the current hospital and construction of a new parking lot into the spring and summer.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Under threat of demolition for years, this cavernous space will soon house the largest start-up incubator in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Other demolitions in Evansville are done through a federal Blight Elimination Project.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 毁坏，破坏，拆毁; (pl.)炸药
分布：破坏(75%)，毁坏(25%)
【记】demolish（vt 毁坏；粉碎）de去除，moli建立
【参】demon（n 魔鬼；极残忍的人）
N-VAR
(建筑物的)摧毁，拆毁，拆除
The demolition of a building is the act of deliberately destroying it, often in order to build something else in its place.
例：The project required the total demolition of the old bridge...该项目要求将老桥完全拆毁。
例：The High Court has granted permission for the demolition work to continue.高等法院批准拆除工作继续进行。
N-UNCOUNT
(体育运动等中的)大败，击溃
The demolition of a team or opponent is their defeat by a great amount.
例：...Lazio's impressive 3-1 demolition of Inter Milan.拉齐奥队以 3 比 1 大比分击败国际米兰队
n. 拆除（等于demolishment）；破坏；毁坏
 - destruction, breaking, blasting

Word: internalize
Front: internalize
[ɪnˈtɜ:nəlaɪz] (10853/22806)
Vocabulary: internalize
(once / 50727 pages)
v
If you feel anger, pain, fear or hurt but never show it, you internalize it — you keep it inside.
If you think about the prefix inter- which always indicated something within, you have the meaning of the adjective internalize, "to keep or take something in." It can be used in either a positive or negative way. If you are a debater who internalizes a topic, then you know it inside and out. On the other hand, you're not doing yourself any favors if you internalize your guilt.
WORD FAMILY
internalize: internalization, internalized, internalizes, internalizing+/ internal: internalise, internality, internalize, internally/internalise: internalisation, internalised/internalization: internalizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He, too, saved me, although by then I’d internalized my mother’s verdict — I was hopeless, messed up, a lost cause.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Rizzotti’s task now is to get her team to internalize lessons from this loss before Friday’s matchup with Loyola.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a way of getting the media to internalize the official view of things.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 使内在化; 使藏在心底
时态：internalized, internalizing, internalizes
分布：使内在化(69%)，使藏在心底(31%)
→来自internal,内部的。
US [-'tɝ:-] verb transitive formal
■to accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character 使（想法、态度、信仰等）成为性格的一部分，使内化
• He had not expected the people so readily to internalize the values of democracy. 他没有料到人民这么快就接纳了民主的价值观。
■If you internalize your emotions or feelings, you do not allow them to show although you think about them 将（情感）藏在心底
• Women tend to internalize all their anxiety and distress - men hit out. 女人常常将所有的焦虑和苦恼都深藏心底，而男人则要发泄出去。

Word: noted
Front: noted
[ˈnəʊtɪd] (六托 10860/18469 -3)
Vocabulary: noted
(once / 153 pages)
adj
Use the adjective noted to describe something that's well-known or distinguished. A noted expert on dinosaurs is famous for her study of very old fossils.
You may have to wait more than an hour for a table at a noted restaurant. If you grow up to be a noted film director, millions of people will know your name and be familiar with your movies. Noted things get a lot of attention and praise. Originally, around the fourteenth century, noted simply meant "observed," from the verb note, to see or witness. You can still use noted this way, but it more commonly means "renowned."
WORD FAMILY
noted: notedest, notedly, unnoted+/notability: notabilities/ notable: notability, notables, notably / note: notable, noted, notes, noting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The IP address information alone is not useful, experts noted.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump on Monday noted the spike in shooting deaths on Twitter.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But he noted that Apple’s high compensation, focused product mission and top-down decision-making tended to damp the risk-taking necessary to start a company.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 闻名的，著名的; [乐]附有乐谱的
v. 注意，记下; “note”的过去式和过去分词
分布：著名的(78%)，有声望的(11%)，动词note的过去式和过去分词形式(11%)
→来自note,注意，留意。引申词义值得注意的，著名的。
US ['noʊ.tˌɪd] adjective
■known by many people, especially because of particular qualities （尤指因有特别之处而）著名的，众所周知的
• Summerhill school is noted for its progressive policies. 夏山学校以其先进的办学方针而著名。
• She's not noted for her patience (= She is not a patient person). 她不是个有耐心的人。
famous, notorious, eminent, notable, noted, prominent, outstanding
这组词都有“著名的，知名的”的意思，其区别是：
famous: 是普通用词，指传播很广，引起人们注意的人或事物。
notorious: 指因劣迹而臭名昭著，含强烈贬义；但有时也作“众所周知的”解。
eminent: 指在某方面杰出卓越或突出的人或物。
notable: 用于指事件时，侧重其重要、值得注意；用于指人时，与famous同义，但语气较弱。
noted: 多指因成绩卓著而备受注意的专家或权威及其著作，有时含贬义。
prominent: 指出人头地，为公众所熟悉，至少在地方上闻名。
outstanding: 侧重指因素质优良，功绩卓著而超过同类的人或物，强调“突出”。
adj. 著名的；显著的；附有乐谱的
 - famous, obvious, prominent, marked, outstanding

Word: metaphysical
Front: metaphysical
[ˌmetə'fɪzɪkl] (宝 10851/10386 -1)
Vocabulary: metaphysical
(once / 1439 pages)
adj
Add the Greek prefix "meta-" (beyond) to the base "physical" (nature), and you get metaphysical — a near synonym to the Latin-based word "supernatural." Both concern phenomena that are outside everyday experience or knowledge.
The adjective metaphysical entered the English language through Aristotle, whose "Metaphysics" is a collection of treatises that follows his work, "Physics." "Physics" concerned natural philosophy, what we call science today, while "Metaphysics" dealt with more abstract questions about the reality beyond what we perceive with our senses. Look at a physical object, say an apple. At what exact point did that apple come into existence? If you eat it, does it cease to exist, or does it still exist but in a changed way? These are metaphysical questions.
WORD FAMILY
metaphysical: metaphysically+/ metaphysics: metaphysical
USAGE EXAMPLES
They condemned mainstream genetics as metaphysical, reactionary and idealist.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
A West imbued with similar metaphysical confidence today needn’t “fear other people and other religions.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He imbued clusters of vases and bottles with metaphysical heft.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 形而上学的; 超自然的; 抽象的; （英国）玄学派诗歌或诗人的
分布：形而上学的(89%)，抽象的(11%)
ADJ
玄学的;形而上学的
Metaphysical means relating to metaphysics.
例：...metaphysical questions like personal responsibility for violence.暴力行为的个人责任这一类形而上学的问题
adj. 形而上学的；超自然的；玄学派诗歌的
 - transnatural, preternatural

Word: unprepared
Front: unprepared
[ˌʌnprɪˈpeəd] (10843/13693 -1)
Back: adj. 无准备的; 尚未准备好的; 即兴的; 不备
分布：无准备的(60%)，即席的(34%)，还没有准备好的(6%)
US [-'perd] adjective
■not prepared; not ready 没有准备的；措手不及的
• He was completely/totally/wholly unprepared for what he saw. 他对眼前的场面毫无准备。
• The extreme cold weather caught them unprepared. 极端寒冷的天气让他们措手不及。
adj. 无准备的；即席的；尚未准备好的
 - sight, extemporary

Word: appalling
Front: appalling
[əˈpɔ:lɪŋ] (10844/5249 -1)
Vocabulary: appalling
(once / 826 pages)
adjn
Something that is appalling is awful or horrible, causing dismay or disgust. It's definitely not appealing.
Like so many things, people have different opinions on what is appalling. Most people find the idea of children living in poverty appalling. Just about everyone thinks a vicious "sport" like dog-fighting is appalling. If you're rich, paying a lot of taxes might be appalling. A football announcer might say that a sloppy play was appalling. Your parents might say the state of your room is appalling. This word can fit just about any situation that disgusts you.
WORD FAMILY
appalling: appallingly+/ appall: appalled, appalling, appalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it was both shocking and appalling that Trump quoted an anti-democratic foreign leader criticizing fellow Americans.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Shimmering red specimens, streaming into the light: this is beautiful in an appalling way.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
"It is appalling that offenders are being allowed to continue driving after being caught drink-driving multiple times," said a charity spokesman.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 骇人听闻的，令人震惊的; 可怕的
分布：可怕的(55%)，令人震惊的(41%)，动词appall的现在分词形式.(4%)
【记】见appall，注意区别近形词：appealing（adj 吸引人的）有一种apparatus可以产生apparition，他十分appalling，因为穿着apparel。读：打保龄－我每次打都是20个全不中，太可怕了。
US [-'pɑ:-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■shocking and very bad 骇人听闻的，令人震惊的；极为恶劣的
• appalling injuries 惨不忍睹的伤处
• Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. 犯人被关押在条件极其恶劣的地方。
 ADVANCED
■very bad 坏到极点的；糟透的
• appalling weather 糟透了的天气
• The journey home was appalling. 回家时的一路行程极不顺利。
appalling, afraid, frightful, terrible, terrific, fearful, horrible, dreadful, awful
这组词都有“害怕的、可怕的”的意思，其区别是：
appalling: 指既令害怕又使人惊异、胆寒。
afraid: 指由于胆小或怯懦而不敢说或做某事。
frightful: 指使人陷入短暂的惊恐或产生毛骨悚然的感觉。
terrible: 侧重指给人以长久的惊骇，极端的恐怖，令人难以忍受。
terrific: 多指外表、形状或力量等的可怕。
fearful: 普通用词，既指外界情况变化而引起的恐惧，又指来自内心的害怕与焦虑。
horrible: 指因骇人听闻的丑恶而令人毛骨悚然，着重厌恶的成分多于害怕。
dreadful: 指使人非常恐惧，毛骨悚然，也使人感到讨厌而退缩。
awful: 指威严得令人害怕或敬畏，有一定的感情色彩。
adj. 可怕的；令人震惊的
 - terrible, electric, horrible, awesome, fearful

Word: valuation
Front: valuation
[ˌvæljuˈeɪʃn] (雅 10834/4633 -1)
Back: n. 估价; 估定的价格或价值; 定价; 评价
分布：估价(68%)，评价(32%)
noun countable or uncountable
■the act of deciding how much money something might be sold for or the amount of money decided on 估价；估定的价值
• You can receive a home loan of up to 95% of the official valuation of the property. 你可以获得高达该房产官方估价95%的购房贷款。
n. 评价， [经管] 估价；计算
 - appraisal, evaluation, assessment, calculation, computation

Word: reorganize
Front: reorganize
[riˈɔ:gənaɪz] (10863/15865 -2)
Vocabulary: reorganize
(once / 1189 pages)
v
When you change the way something is structured or arranged, you reorganize it. If you can never find two matching socks when you get dressed in the morning, you might want to reorganize your sock drawer.
You might reorganize your stamp collection, sorting them by color instead of country. And a government may reorganize a country's entire economy, focusing on tourism instead of exporting oil, for example. Reorganize adds the "again" prefix re- to organize, a verb rooted in the Latin organum, "instrument or tool." Organize is related to organ, and its very earliest meaning was "arrange into a living being."
WORD FAMILY
reorganize: reorganization, reorganized, reorganizes, reorganizing+/ disorganization: disorganizations/disorganize: disorganization, disorganized, disorganizes, disorganizing/ organization: organizational, organizations, self-organization/organizational: organizationally/ organize: disorganize, organization, organized, organizer, organizes, organizing, reorganize / organized: unorganized/organizer: organizers/ reorganization: reorganizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thus was a form of politics designed in Europe and organized against Jews in their dispersion reorganized against Jews gathered in their homeland.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The Career Development Center at Loyola University Chicago was reorganized about three years ago to expand and better prepare students for their careers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Its bus network was completely reorganized to deliver passengers to the stations in time to catch trains.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 改组，重新组织; 改编，整编
时态：reorganized, reorganizing, reorganizes
分布：改组(65%)，整顿(35%)
→re-,再，重新，organize,组织。
US [-'ɔ:r-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to organize something again in order to improve it 重新组织；改组；整顿
• I've reorganized my files so that I can easily find what I'm looking for. 我把档重新整理了一下，这样就可以很容易找到我想找的东西。
• The new managing director plans to completely reorganize this department. 新任总经理计划彻底对这一部门进行重组。
vt. 整理；改组；重新制定
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 整顿；改编
 - set in order, to revise

Word: leafy
Front: leafy
[ˈli:fi] (10857/14215 -1)
Back: adj. 多叶的，叶茂的，多树木的
级别：leafier, leafiest
分布：多叶的(59%)，叶茂盛的(24%)，叶状的(17%)
→leaf,叶子，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■A leafy place is pleasant and has a lot of trees 绿树成阴的，浓阴的
• a leafy lane/suburb 绿树成阴的小巷／郊区
adj. 多叶的；叶状的；叶茂盛的
 - frondose, leavy

Word: tweak
Front: tweak
[twi:k] (10855/20508)
Vocabulary: tweak
(once / 4004 pages)
vn
When you tweak something, you pinch it or twist it. You may have a doting aunt who thinks you're still two years old and can't resist tweaking your nose every time she sees you.
Tweak also means to adjust or fine-tune. When you finish writing a paper, it's a good idea to go back through one last time, to tweak it and make sure it's absolutely perfect. So when you tweak something or give something a tweak, you're making little adjustments, you’re not rewriting your paper or tossing it out and starting all over again.
WORD FAMILY
tweak: tweaked, tweaking, tweaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He suffered a tweak of his right knee on Pittsburgh’s final play.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Players said Franklin changed nothing besides some tweaks to the game plan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I thought I tweaked it doing one thing or another.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 拧; 捏; 扭; 苦恼
vt. 稍稍调整（机器、系统等）
时态：tweaked, tweaking, tweaks
分布：拧(32%)，扭(30%)，捏(16%)，微调(16%)，拉(6%)
→来自古英语 twiccian,拔，拉，来自 Proto-Germanic*twikkijana,钉，掐，系牢，系紧，词源同 twitch.引申诸相关词义。
verb transitive
PULL 扭
■to pull and twist something with a small sudden movement 扭，拧
• Standing in front of the mirror she tweaked a strand of hair into place. 她站在镜子前，把一缕头发卷好。
[twi:k] verb transitive
CHANGE SLIGHTLY 稍稍改进
■to change something slightly, especially in order to make it more correct, effective or suitable 稍稍改进
• The software is pretty much there - it just needs a little tweaking. 软体差不多好了——只需要一点点改进。
• You just need to tweak the last paragraph and then it's done. 你只需要把最后一段稍作修改就可以了。
n. 扭；拧；焦急
 - anxiousness, sweat
vt. 扭；用力拉；开足马力
 - rouse up

Word: cheerfully
Front: cheerfully
['tʃɪəfəlɪ] (10850/8079 -K)
Back: adv. 欢乐地; 愉快地; 爽朗地; 乐意地
分布：高高兴兴地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
欢快的;高兴的;兴高采烈的
Someone who is cheerful is happy and shows this in their behaviour.
例：They are both very cheerful in spite of their colds...他们俩虽然感冒了，可都兴高采烈的。
例：Jack sounded quite cheerful about the idea.杰克好像对这个想法很高兴。
ADJ-GRADED
令人愉快的;令人开心的
Something that is cheerful is pleasant and makes you feel happy.
例：The nursery is bright and cheerful, with plenty of toys.托儿所明亮宜人，还有许多玩具。
ADJ-GRADED
乐观的;开朗的;满不在乎的
If you describe someone's attitude as cheerful, you mean they are not worried about something, and you think that they should be.
例：There is little evidence to support many of Mr Will's cheerful assumptions.没有多少证据能支持威尔先生的那些乐观设想。

Word: murmur
Front: murmur
[ˈmɜ:mə(r)] (研六雅宝 6039/3363 -2)
Vocabulary: murmur
(once / 103 pages)
1nv 2n
A murmur is a quiet, blurred sound often heard from a distance. It can be comforting when you're little to fall asleep listening to the murmur of your parents talking downstairs.
Murmur can also be a verb that means the same as mutter: you say something so quietly that your words can't be understood. You might be complaining about something — a murmur is often a sign that someone's not pleased. A heart murmur is an abnormal heart sound that can only be detected by a doctor with a stethoscope, it's so low and soft.
WORD FAMILY
murmur: murmuration, murmured, murmurer, murmuring, murmurous, murmurred, murmurring, murmurs+/murmurer: murmurers/murmuring: murmuringly, murmurings/murmurous: murmurously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He pulled Mills into a bear hug and murmured plaudits into his ear.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“The public domain” began ritualistically, with murmuring, some vocal drones and intoned intervals.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“By open, I mean all of it,” Esvelt said, to murmurs of approval.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 咕哝，发牢骚; 低声的抱怨; 低声说话
vt. & vi. 小声说
vi. 发出连续而低沉的声音; 私下抱怨
时态：murmured, murmuring, murmurs
分布：低语(65%)，低声抱怨(18%)，低声的抱怨(9%)，连续轻柔的声音(4%)，发出连续轻柔的声音(4%)
→拟声词，模仿咕哝地声音。
v./n.小声说(话);小声抱怨,咕哝She murmured a prayer.她低声祷告.
【记】象声词：“么么”
US ['mɝ:.mɚ] verb
SPEAK QUIETLY 轻声说
intransitive or transitive
■to speak or say very quietly 低声说
• [+ speech] "I love you," she murmured. “我爱你，”她低声说。
• He was murmuring to him self. 他正喃喃自语。
• humorous He murmured sweet nothings (= romantic talk) in her ear. 他在她耳边低声说着情话。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] verb
COMPLAIN 抱怨
intransitive
■to complain about something that you disagree with or dislike, but not in a public way 私下抱怨，咕哝
• They were murmuring about the boss's nephew getting the job. 他们私下嘀咕着老板的侄子得到了那份工作的事。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
SOUND 声音
countable
■the sound of something being said very quietly 低语声，轻柔的谈话声
• A murmur of agreement came from the crowd. 人群中传来了低声的赞许。
only singular
■a soft continuous sound 低沉连续的声音，细语
• The murmur of the waves on the beach lulled me to sleep. 海浪轻轻拍打着海岸的声音催我入眠。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
COMPLAINT 抱怨
countable
■a complaint which is expressed privately 私下的抱怨，咕哝
• After the report was published, there were murmurs of discontent round the office. 报告公布后，办公室里到处是嘀咕和抱怨。
UK ['mɜ:.mər] US ['mɝ:.mɚ] noun
without a murmur
■without even a small complaint 一声不吭地，毫无抱怨地
• For once the children went to bed without a murmur. 孩子头一次一声不吭就上床睡觉了。
whisper, mutter, murmur
这组词都有“低语”的意思，其区别是：
whisper: 通常指耳语、窃窃私语。
mutter: 多指别人不易听到的低语。
murmur: 通常指人、微风或小溪等的低沉、柔和或连续的声音。
grumble, complain, murmur
这组词都有“抱怨、埋忽”的意思，其区别是：
grumble: 指因对处境、待遇不满或其他个人因素而愤愤不平地向他人诉苦或自言自语。
complain: 侧重因对处境不满、待遇不公或自己有痛苦等而向别人诉说、埋怨。
murmur: 多指因不满某人或某事而背着人自言自语地发怨言。
n. 低语；低语声；低声抱怨；潺潺声
 - whispering, susurrus
vt. 低声说
 - breathe

Word: ponytail
Front: ponytail
[ˈpəʊniteɪl] (10888/32944)
Back: n. 马尾发，马尾辫
分布：名词(100%)
US ['poʊ.ni.teɪl] noun countable
■a hairstyle in which the hair is tied up high at the back of the head so that it hangs down like a horse's tail 马尾辫 Compare pigtail ; plait

Word: boiler
Front: boiler
[ˈbɔɪlə(r)] (六 10861/6121 -1)
Back: n. 锅炉; 烧水壶; 热水器
分布：锅炉(95%)，汽锅(3%)，热水器(2%)
锅炉(boil煮)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a device that heats water by burning gas or oil, especially to provide heating and hot water in a house （尤指房子内供暖和供应热水的）锅炉
■the part of a steam engine where water is heated to provide power （蒸汽机的）汽锅
n. [动力] 锅炉；烧水壶，热水器；盛热水器
 - teakettle, water-heater

Word: powerfully
Front: powerfully
['paʊəfəlɪ] (10870/9608)
Back: adv. 强大地，强烈地; 有效地
分布：强有力地(50%)，非常地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
有权力的；有势力的；有影响力的
A powerful person or organization is able to control or influence people and events.
例：You're a powerful man — people will listen to you.你是有影响力的人，大家会听你的。
例：...Russia and India, two large, powerful countries.两大强国，俄罗斯和印度
ADJ-GRADED
强壮的；强健的
You say that someone's body is powerful when it is physically strong.
例：Hans flexed his powerful muscles...汉斯活动了一下他那强健的肌肉。
例：It's such a big powerful dog.它是一条如此强壮的大狗。
ADJ-GRADED
（机器）大功率的；强效的；高效能的
A powerful machine or substance is effective because it is very strong.
例：The more powerful the car the more difficult it is to handle.汽车的功率越大，就越难驾驭。
例：...powerful computer systems...功能强大的计算机系统
ADJ-GRADED
（气味）强烈的，浓的
A powerful smell is very strong.
例：There was a powerful smell of stale beer.有一种呛人的过期啤酒味。
例：...tiny creamy flowers with a powerful scent.散发浓香的淡黄色小花
ADJ-GRADED
（声音）响亮的，洪亮的
A powerful voice is loud and can be heard from a long way away.
例：At that moment Mrs. Jones's powerful voice interrupted them, announcing a visitor.就在那一刻，琼斯夫人响亮的声音打断了他们，说有人来访。
ADJ-GRADED
（文章、演讲或艺术品）极具感染力的，有震撼力的
You describe a piece of writing, speech, or work of art as powerful when it has a strong effect on people's feelings or beliefs.
例：...Bleasdale's powerful 11-part drama about a corrupt city leader.布利兹戴尔创作的关于一个腐败市领导的极具感染力的电视剧，共有11集
例：...one of the world's most powerful and moving operas, Verdi's 'Otello'.威尔第创作的《奥泰罗》，世界最具感染力、最动人的歌剧之一
adv. 强大地；强烈地；非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: learned
Front: learned
[ˈlɜ:nɪd] (高研四六 10842/6667 -1)
Vocabulary: learned
(once / 54 pages)
adj
If you're learned (pronounced LUR-ned), you're highly educated, or you have or show a profound knowledge of some kind.
The adjective learned comes from the verb learn. You can use it either to describe someone as having a lot of education, like the learned shopkeeper who used to tell you about the Trojan War while you picked out your candy, or to describe something that doesn't come naturally, but has to be learned (in which case it's pronounced LURND). If you reward your dog when she howls, then her howling will become a learned (LURND) behavior.
WORD FAMILY
learned: learneder, learnedest, learnedly, learnedness+/ learn: learned, learner, learning, learns, learnt, relearn, unlearn/learner: learners/ learning: learnings/relearn: relearned, relearning, relearns/unlearn: unlearned, unlearning, unlearns, unlearnt/unlearned: unlearnedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And maybe there’s a lesson to be learned here: to move outside myself, to move beyond nausea; to focus on the other, not on self.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Hagar said she’s learned from the gongs that she doesn’t need to travel far, or find a guru, in order to heal.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But after two rounds of chemotherapy, Graf learned in July that the powerful drugs weren’t working.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: adj. 有学问的; 博学的; 学术上的; 精通某门学问的
v. 学习(learn的过去式和过去分词); 得知
分布：有学问的(54%)，博学的(44%)，动词learn的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
→来自learn,学习。
a.博学的,有学问的I learn that learned earnest men earn much by learning.我得知有学问而认真的人靠学问挣很多钱.
US ['lɝ:-/ formal
■describes someone who has studied for a long time and has a lot of knowledge 学识丰富的，知识渊博的
• a learned professor 知识渊博的教授
adjective
COPIED 复制 UK ['lɜ:nd] US ['lɝ:nd/ specialized
■describes behaviour which has been copied from others 习得的，学来的
• This sort of aggression is learned behaviour - people aren't born that way. 人类的这种攻击行为是后天习得的——并非天生如此。
adj. 博学的；有学问的；学术上的
 - knowing, wise, accomplished, read, scholarly

Word: proprietor
Front: proprietor
[prəˈpraɪətə(r)] (托 10859/6051 -1)
Vocabulary: proprietor
(once / 308 pages)
n
Someone who owns a business or a property is a proprietor. A bookstore proprietor might wish she became a librarian instead so the books would come back.
The first part of proprietor sounds a lot like "property," and a proprietor is someone with ownership of property. Sometimes a proprietor oversees the business, such as a restaurant proprietor who is also a chef or hostess, and other times a proprietor owns many businesses and has different people running them. A proprietor of a local bakery might make and sell his own donuts, while the proprietor of a chain of donut shops might work from an office managing the people who manage the stores.
WORD FAMILY
proprietor: proprietary, proprietors, proprietorship+/ proprietary: nonproprietary, proprietaries, proprietarily/proprietorship: proprietorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, some sole proprietors find they can’t handle all the work themselves.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
About 25 percent of proprietors said they were contemplating cutting staff pay.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Proprietor Chris Smith greets us with a warm manner and firm handshake.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 所有人，业主; 地主
分布：老板(45%)，业主(41%)，所有人(14%)
→来自proper,自己的，私人的，-etor,人。
所有者(propri+etor→拥有者)[proper,propri=one's own表示"拥有",引申为"恰当的"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who owns a particular type of business, especially a hotel, a shop or a company that makes newspapers 所有人；业主；老板
• a hotel/newspaper proprietor 旅馆／报业老板
n. [工经] 业主； [经] 所有者；经营者
 - operator, building owner

Word: exaggeration
Front: exaggeration
[ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn] (托宝 10878/9504)
Vocabulary: exaggeration
(once / 940 pages)
n
If you're prone to exaggeration, it means you habitually overstate the truth. If you have a dog and a hamster, it would be an exaggeration to describe yourself as "practically Doctor Dolittle," living in a house full of animals.
When you make something showier, or more noticeable than normal, that's also called exaggeration. The exaggeration of your hand movements might be necessary on stage so the audience can see them, but in real life it just looks silly. Exaggeration comes from the Latin word exaggerare, which means to magnify or to heap or pile on.
WORD FAMILY
exaggeration: exaggerations+/ exaggerate: exaggerated, exaggerates, exaggerating, exaggeration / exaggerated: exaggeratedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first description is probably an exaggeration, and the second is simply false.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
When we’re being criticized by someone who wants an apology, we automatically listen for the inaccuracies, distortions and exaggerations that will inevitably be there.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Either Hap doesn’t count, or this is just an exaggeration.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 夸张; 夸大; 夸张的言语; 夸张的手法
分布：夸张(75%)，夸大(25%)
noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when someone makes something seem larger, more important, better or worse than it really is 夸张；夸大；言过其实
• Sal reckons over sixty people were there but I think that's a slight exaggeration. 萨尔估计那边有60几人，但我觉得有点夸张。
• [+ to infinitive] It would be no exaggeration to say that her work has saved lives. 她的工作挽救了很多生命，这样说一点也不夸张。
n. 夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法
 - inflation, grandiosity

Word: ailing
Front: ailing
[ˈeɪlɪŋ] (10874/11555 -1)
Vocabulary: ailing
(once / 1748 pages)
adj
Someone who's ailing is sick. You might visit your ailing grandmother in the hospital.
You can use the adjective ailing to describe someone who's very ill, or use it figuratively, to talk about "our ailing economy," or "the ailing school system." The next time you call in sick to work, you might say, "I can't come in today — I'm afraid I'm ailing." Ailing comes from the verb ail, "trouble or afflict," from the Old English eglan, "to trouble, plague, or pain."
WORD FAMILY
ail: ailed, ailing, ailment, ails+/ ailment: ailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he suggests that a government might justifiably hamper international trade, or subsidize an ailing industry, in order to sustain particular communities and particular jobs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We’ve written about ailing Navy veterans fighting to prove they were exposed to the chemicals off Vietnam’s coast.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Desperate to find a cure for their ailing son’s hemophilia, one night they called upon Rasputin.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 生病的; 不舒服的
v. 使受病痛; 使痛苦(ail的ing形式)
分布：生病的(53%)，境况不佳的(44%)，动词ail的现在分词.(3%)
adjective
WITH DIFFICULTIES 有困难
■experiencing difficulty and problems 境况不佳的，处境困难的；不景气的
• the country's ailing economy 该国不景气的经济
• Ted asked me if I could help him fix his ailing car. 特德的车坏了，他问我是否可以帮他修理一下。
['eɪ.lɪŋ] adjective
ILL 生病
■weak and suffering from illness 生病的，身体不佳的
• He's visiting his ailing father. 他去探望患病的父亲。
adj. 生病的，身体不舒服的；体衰的
 - ill, unwell
v. 生病；苦恼（ail的ing形式）
 - vexing

Word: wrong
Front: wrong
[rɒŋ] (中高 655/672 -K4)
Vocabulary: wrong
(once / 43 pages)
1adjadv 2adjvn 3adj
Use the adjective wrong to talk about something that is factually incorrect. You thought your paper was due a week from Friday, but you were wrong. It's due tomorrow. Better start typing!
You can use the word wrong to describe something that deviates from your moral principles. You might believe that the death penalty is just wrong, but not everyone agrees with you. The adjective wrong can also describe something that is inappropriate for a certain purpose. It's frustrating to get all the way home from the store before you realize you grabbed the wrong kind of milk — buttermilk instead of two percent.
WORD FAMILY
wrong: wronged, wronger, wrongest, wrongful, wronging, wrongly, wrongness, wrongs+/ inappropriate: inappropriately, inappropriateness/wrongful: wrongfully, wrongfulness/wrongness: inappropriate, wrongnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after the first drive, it quickly became apparent that something was wrong.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“They were using the wrong gauge to measure their progress.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At least it’s not what I sometimes get: “What’s wrong with you?”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有毛病的，失常的; 错误的，不正确的; 不好的，不公正的; 反对的，相反的，颠倒的，背面的，里面的
adv. 不对，错误，失当; 不好，不公正; 逆，颠倒，翻转; 有毛病，不舒服
n. 过失，错误; 不义的行为; 不义行为; 犯罪
vt. 委屈，无理地对待，诽谤
时态：wronged, wronging, wrongs
分布：错误(54%)，错误的(34%)，冤枉(2%)，坏事(2%)，错误地(2%)，不公正(1%)，有毛病的(1%)，不适当的(1%)，不道德的(1%)，犯罪(1%)，欺骗(1%)
→来自wrengh,弯，转，偏离，来自wer的鼻音形式，弯，转，词源同wry,wring。引申义错误的。比较right,来自reg,直，词源同rectitude,regulate.
a.错的ad.错误地,不正确地n.错误v.委屈I took the wrong way.我走错了路.
US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT CORRECT 不正确
 ESSENTIAL
■not correct 错误的；不正确的
• Three of your answers were wrong. 你的回答中有三个是错的。
• That clock is wrong - it's 12.30 not 12.15. 那个时钟不准——是12：30，不是12：15。
• Some of his facts are questionable, others are plainly (= completely) wrong. 他提供的事实有些值得怀疑，其他的则完全错误。
Compare right
 ESSENTIAL
■If someone is wrong, they are not correct in their judgment or statement about something 弄错的；判断错的
• You were wrong about the time - the shop closed at 7 not 8. 你把时间搞错了——这商店是七点关门，不是八点。
• He's wrong in thinking that we will support the project financially. 他错误地以为我们会在资金上支持这个专案计划。
prove sb wrong
■to show by your actions that someone's judgment of you was not correct 证明（某人）是错误的
• I thought she couldn't do it, but she proved me wrong. 我原以为她做不来这件事，但她证明我错了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT SUITABLE 不合适的
 ESSENTIAL
■not suitable or correct, or not as it should be 不合适的；不想要的；不应该的
• She's the wrong person for the job. 她不是这份工作的合适人选。
• We must have taken a wrong turning. 我们一定是拐错弯了。
• I'm sorry, you've got the wrong number (= this is not the telephone number you wanted). 对不起，您打错电话了。
Compare right
 ADVANCED
■describes something that is not considered to be socially acceptable or suitable 不正当的；不可取的
• She got in with the wrong crowd (= a group of people who were not considered socially acceptable) at university. 她上大学时结交了一群狐群狗党。
 ADVANCED
■If you ask someone what is wrong, you want to know what is worrying or upsetting them 烦恼的；不顺心的
• You've been quiet all evening. Is there anything wrong? 你整晚都很沉默，有甚么不顺心的事吗？
• What's wrong with you today? 你今天怎么了？
the wrong way round/around
■If something is the wrong way round/around, the part that should be at the front is at the back 前后弄反的（地），颠倒的（地）
• You've got your skirt on the wrong way round. 你把裙子反过来穿了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的
 ADVANCED
■not considered morally acceptable by most people 不道德的；不正当的；不对的
• Children should be taught that violence is wrong. 应该教育孩子暴力是不良行为。
• It was wrong of her to lie to you. 她对你撒谎是不对的。
• What's wrong with having a bit of fun? 找点乐趣有甚么不对？
Opposite right
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT WORKING 不工作的
[after verb]
■not working correctly 不正常运作的；出毛病的
• Something's wrong with the television - the picture's gone fuzzy. 电视机出毛病了——图像不清楚。
• The doctors are still trying to find out what's wrong. 医生仍在试图找出问题的症结。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
catch sb on the wrong foot
■If something catches you on the wrong foot, you are not prepared for it 令（某人）措手不及
• I hadn't expected the question and it caught me on the wrong foot. 我没有预料到这个问题，它使我措手不及。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
get the wrong end of the stick informal
■to not understand a situation correctly 误解
• Her friend saw us arrive at the party together and got the wrong end of the stick. 她的朋友看到我们一同到达聚会现场，便产生了误解。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
get / fall into the wrong hands
■If something gets/falls into the wrong hands, a dangerous person or enemy starts to control it 落到危险分子（或敌人）手里
• If this sort of information fell into the wrong hands, we could be in serious trouble. 如果这种消息让对手知道，我们就麻烦了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
go down the wrong way
■If food or drink goes down the wrong way, it goes down the wrong tube in your throat and causes you to cough or stop breathing for a short time. （食物或饮料）误入气管，呛到了
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
send / give out (all) the wrong signals
■to give an incorrect message 传达一个错误讯息
• If the government refuses to provide aid, it would send out all the wrong signals to the rest of the world. 如果政府拒绝提供援助，这将向世界上的其他国家传达错误的讯息。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adverb
 IMPROVER informal
■in a way that is not correct 错误地；不对
• You've spelt my name wrong. 你把我的名字拼写错了。
⇒ See also wrongly
get sth wrong informal
■to make a mistake in the way you answer or understand something 答错；理解错
• I spent hours doing that calculation and I still got the answer wrong. 我花了好几个小时解那道计算题，但还是做错了。
• You've got it all wrong - it was your boss that she was annoyed with and not you! 你完全理解错了——让她生气的是你们老板，而不是你！
go wrong
 IMPROVER
■If a situation or event goes wrong, it becomes unpleasant and is not a success 出问题；不如意；失败
• Our marriage began to go wrong after we had our first child. 我们在有了第一个孩子之后，婚姻开始出现问题。
 ADVANCED
■to make a mistake 犯错误；弄错
• These shelves are very easy to put together - you can't go wrong. 这些架子很容易组装——你不会弄错的。
• I thought I'd done this correctly, I just can't understand where I've gone wrong. 我以为自己这样做是对的，我就是不明白错在哪里。
■If a machine goes wrong, it stops working correctly. （机器）出毛病，不正常运作
• Our TV keeps going wrong. 我们的电视一直有毛病。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adverb
don't get me wrong
■said when you think someone might not understand what you say, or be upset by it 别误会
• Don't get me wrong - I'd love to come but I'm too busy next week. 别误会——我确实想来，但是我下个礼拜太忙了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] noun
uncountable
■what is considered to be morally unacceptable 不道德；不正当；错误
• He has no sense of right and wrong. 他没有甚么是非感。
• I was brought up to tell the truth and know right from wrong. 我从小就受教育要说真话、明辨是非。
• As far as her parents are concerned, she can do no wrong (= she is perfect in every way). 在她父母眼中，她是完美无瑕的。
countable
■an unfair action 冤枉；不公平的行为
• He has done us a great wrong. 他大大冤枉了我们。
• She was trying to right (= do something to make better) the wrongs of the past. 她试图纠正过去的冤屈。
in the wrong
■If someone is in the wrong, they have made a mistake or done something which is bad or illegal 犯错误；不对
• The driver was unquestionably in the wrong. 毫无疑问是那个司机不对。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] noun
Two wrongs don't make a right. saying
■said to emphasize that it is not acceptable to do something bad to someone just because they did something bad to you first 以牙还牙是不可取的。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] verb transitive formal
■to treat someone in an unfair or unacceptable way 不公正地对待；冤枉
• She felt deeply wronged by his accusations. 他的指控使她觉得深受冤枉。
adv. 错误地；邪恶的，不正当地
 - in error, incorrectly
n. 坏事；不公正
 - bad, injustice
adj. 错误的；失常的；不适当的
 - false, incorrect, unhappy, improper, inadequate
vt. 委屈；无理地对待；诽谤
 - vilify, asperse

Word: unjust
Front: unjust
[ˌʌnˈdʒʌst] (四六 10866/9703 -1)
Vocabulary: unjust
(once / 343 pages)
adj
Something or someone that is unjust is just not fair. An unjust boss might fire you the very first time you're late for work.
You might think of the word justice in order to remember the meaning of the word just, which means "fairness or righteousness." An unjust judge does not play by the rules; he might send a person to jail even though there isn't enough evidence that a crime was committed. Unjust behavior is improper or dishonest: "The professor acted in an unjust manner when he gave everyone an F just because there was a rumor that his students didn’t like him."
WORD FAMILY
unjust: unjuster, unjustest, unjustly, unjustness+/ just: juster, justest, justly, justness, justs, unjust /unjustness: unjustnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Lee’s best qualities are overshadowed by his leadership in a war that centered on the unjust enslavement of human beings.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s unjust. You are holding accountable the whole country for the actions of one company.”
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
As Aleppo residents returned to neighborhoods, they often reflected on the unjust randomness of urban warfare.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 不公平的; 非正义的; 不讲信用的
分布：不公平的(100%)
非正义的(un+just公正的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
[ʌn'dʒʌst] disapproving
adjective
■not fair 不公平的，不公正的； 非正义的
adj. 不公平的，不公正的；非正义的
 - partial, unfair, inequitable

Word: accentuate
Front: accentuate
[əkˈsentʃueɪt] (托宝 10880/9738 -1)
Vocabulary: accentuate
(once / 2218 pages)
v
To accentuate something is to emphasize it. If you use a lot of emphasis to describe part of a meal, as in "the steak was SOOO good, and I liked the salad too," you "accent" what "-u" "-ate," or accentuate, the highlight of the meal — the steak.
There is an old song with the lyrics "Accentuate the positive, eliminate the negative." The drawn-out pronunciation of the word accentuate (ack-SEN-chew-ate) draws attention to the word, which is exactly what accentuate does: it draws attention to something. Sometimes, though, a negative quality gets the focus, as in "his bad mood did a lot to accentuate his reputation as a grump," but the negative is usually an unintentional way to get attention.
WORD FAMILY
accentuate: accentuated, accentuates, accentuating, accentuation+/ accent: accented, accenting, accents, accentual, accentuate /accented: accentedest, unaccented/accentual: accentually/accentuation: accentuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Giants’ offense accentuated their rushing game, not their quarterback.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a reflection of something, but it tends to accentuate certain parts over others.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
As Chafe observes, the St. John Passion stresses Jesus’ messianic nature and accentuates oppositions between good and evil.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 强调，着重指出; 重读; 给…加上重音符号
时态：accentuated, accentuating, accentuates
分布：强调(58%)，突出(32%)，重读(10%)
加速(ac+celer速度→一再增加速度)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
强调;重读[cant,cent=sing,song,表示"唱,歌"]
【源】源自拉丁语 accentus（accent n 重音）
【参】accent（n 重音，口音，重音符）；cantata（n 清唱剧）
verb transitive
■to emphasize a particular feature of something or to make something more noticeable 着重，强调；使明显，使突出
• Her dress was tightly belted, accentuating the slimness of her waist. 她裙子的衣带系得很紧，凸显出她的纤腰。
• The new policy only serves to accentuate the inadequacy of provision for the homeless. 这项新政策更加突显了政府对无家可归者的扶助不足。
vt. 强调；重读
 - emphasize, stress, highlight

Word: strife
Front: strife
[straɪf] (研六托宝 10875/11438 -1)
Vocabulary: strife
(once / 406 pages)
n
Strife is the act or state of fighting or arguing violently. The years leading up to the U.S. Civil War were characterized by great strife between northern and southern states over slavery and the role of a federal government.
This word applies to major issues and events, such as war and religious conflict: a period of civil strife. Like its Old French source, the original meaning of the English noun strife and the English verb strive had to do with an argument or quarrel. But the verb strive has lost that earlier sense, and now means to try hard to do or achieve something.
WORD FAMILY
strife: strifes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The developments are easily visualised: the PA collapses in strife or rebellion and the Israeli army ends up governing.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The sheer range of musical expression is astonishing: pastoral reveries, woodland scenes, romantic arias, heroic dramas, historical legends and visions of spiritual strife.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“You want the strife of humankind to finally cease?” she raps.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 斗争; 争吵; 冲突; [古]奋斗
分布：冲突(76%)，争吵(12%)，竞争(6%)，倾轧(6%)
→来自 strive 的动词形式。词性比较 proof,prove.
n.争吵;冲突,斗争;竞争What caused the labor-management strife?劳资冲突的原因是什么?
【记】源于：strive（v 努力；斗争）
[straɪf] formal
noun uncountable
■violent or angry disagreement 冲突；纠纷；争吵
• What are the prospects for overcoming the strife between the Christian minority and Muslim majority? 解决基督教少数派和回教多数派之间冲突的前景如何？
• Twenty years of civil strife have left the country's economy in ruins. 20年的内战使该国经济满目疮痍。
argument, controversy, dispute, debate, conflict, strife, quarrel
这组词都有“争执、不和”的意思，其区别是：
argument: 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
controversy: 侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
dispute: 普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
debate: 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
conflict: 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
strife: 指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
quarrel: 普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
n. 冲突；争吵；不和
 - interference, conflict, argument, war, collision

Word: devout
Front: devout
[dɪˈvaʊt] (托宝 10858/14036 -1)
Vocabulary: devout
(once / 559 pages)
adj
To be devout is to be deeply devoted to one's religion or to another belief, cause, or way of life. If you're reading this, you're probably a devout believer in improving your vocabulary.
Devout is often used to describe religious individuals, but this word also pop ups in the context of sports fans — a fact that may shed some light on the role of sports in today's society. However, while it's usually acceptable for a devout individual to miss work for religious holidays, devout sports fans have a tougher time convincing their boss to let them off for the big game.
WORD FAMILY
devout: devoutedly, devouter, devoutest, devoutly, devoutness+/devoutness: devoutnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harriott is a devout Christian, and he ends each practice with a sermon at midfield.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Brotherhood leaders trusted Sisi in part because he was a devout Muslim.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
These days, some devout Christians do visit North Korea but they do so understanding that they keep their Christianity to themselves.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 虔诚的; 真诚的，诚恳的; 献身于宗教的
分布：虔诚的(94%)，虔敬的(3%)，衷心的(3%)
→来自devote, 虔诚的。
【反】impiety（n 不虔诚）－devoutness（n 虔诚）
adjective
■believing strongly in a religion and obeying all its rules or principles 虔诚的，忠实于某宗教的
• a devout Buddhist/Christian/churchgoer 虔诚的佛教徒／基督教徒／教徒
adj. 虔诚的；衷心的
 - religious, good

Word: penetration
Front: penetration
[ˌpenɪˈtreɪʃn] (六宝 10864/7800)
Vocabulary: penetration
(once / 1767 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Penetration refers to entering or making your way through something. It's also a deep insight.
When something penetrates, it’s going through something else, so penetration is an example of this happening. You could talk about the penetration of a jacket by a knife, or the penetration of a fortress by an army. When a basketball team pierces the other team's defenses, it's called penetration. Also, in-depth perception or insight is called penetration. Just like physical penetration goes deep into something, mental penetration implies deep understanding of an idea or situation.
WORD FAMILY
penetration: penetrations+/impenetrability: impenetrabilities/ impenetrable: impenetrability, impenetrableness, impenetrably/interpenetrate: interpenetrated, interpenetrates, interpenetrating, interpenetration/interpenetration: interpenetrations/penetrability: penetrabilities/ penetrable: impenetrable, penetrability/ penetrate: interpenetrate, penetrable, penetrated, penetrates, penetrating, penetration, penetrative, penetrator/penetrating: penetratingly/penetrator: penetrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the Vikings can get some sort of penetration through the best offensive line in football, they could have a chance.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Although the program focuses on areas of low solar penetration, those selected for the program will not have to prove a particular income level.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
“He had plenty of time in the pocket. We didn’t get in the pocket at all, no penetration. We have to do better.”
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 渗透; 穿透; [军]突破; 洞察力
分布：渗透(84%)，突破(9%)，洞察力(4%)，侵入(3%)
noun uncountable
MOVEMENT INTO 穿透
■a movement into or through something or someone 进入；穿透
• Sunscreens can help reduce the penetration of ultraviolet rays into the skin. 防晒乳可以减少紫外线穿透皮肤。
• The company is trying to increase its penetration of the market. 该公司正在努力扩大其市场占有率。
■the act of a man putting his penis into his sexual partner's vagina or anus during sexual activity （性交时阴茎的）插入
[ˌpen.ɪ'treɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
UNDERSTANDING 理解 formal
■someone's ability to understand quickly and well 洞察力
n. 渗透；突破；侵入；洞察力
 - breakthrough, perception, insight, infiltration, intrusion

Word: fielder
Front: fielder
[ˈfi:ldə(r)] (10862/25982)
Back: n. 外野手; 外场员
分布：守场员(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■any member of the team which is fielding in a game such as cricket or baseball and tries to prevent the opposition from scoring （板球或棒球的）守场员，外野手，外场手

Word: baggy
Front: baggy
[ˈbægi] (10872/12058 -1)
Vocabulary: baggy
(once / 6144 pages)
adj
Baggy clothes are loose-fitting. Sometimes kids wear their pants so baggy that their legs look like toothpicks in a lunch bag. It’s easy to hide in baggy clothes, and they’re usually really comfy.
The adjective baggy describes oversized or roomy clothes. A baggy t-shirt and ripped-up pants probably isn't the ideal outfit for a job interview. You can also talk about baggy skin — you might say that your friend's baggy eyes betray the fact that he stayed up late finishing his English paper. Baggy comes from bag, with its Old Norse root, baggi.
WORD FAMILY
baggy: baggier, baggiest, baggily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The callers said a gunman wearing a hoodie and baggy pants fled the scene.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
From your junior-high science teacher to the taunted nerds of TV’s teen comedies, sweater vests, with their baggy silhouettes and argyle prints, telegraph schlubbiness.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
One, there were men inside those baggy uniforms of a team that won its first three games before losing in the quarterfinals.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 袋状的; 宽松下垂的
级别：baggier, baggiest
分布：宽松的(72%)，袋状的(17%)，宽松而下垂的(11%)
adjective
■(of clothes) hanging loosely because of being too big or having been stretched （衣服）宽大的，宽松下垂的
• baggy trousers 宽松的裤子
• My T-shirt went all baggy in the wash. 我的T恤洗过后变得松松垮垮的。
adj. 袋状的，膨胀的；宽松而下垂的
 - pockety, ventricular

Word: validation
Front: validation
[ˌvælɪ'deɪʃn] (10883/8314)
Vocabulary: validation
(once / 31269 pages)
n
Validation is making sure that something is true. Even if you know you're a great poet, you may still long for the validation of being awarded a literary prize or having a volume of your poems published by a respected press.
Your winning lottery ticket may require validation — lottery officials have to check it to make sure it's not counterfeit and that you really do have the winning numbers. The word validation is formed from the Latin word for "strong," validus, and validation makes something strong. You may claim that you've danced more tango turns than anyone else in the history of the world, but you'll have to wait for someone from Guinness World Records to give your claim validation.
WORD FAMILY
validation: validations+/ invalid: invalided, invaliding, invalidism, invalidity, invalidly, invalidness, invalids/ invalidate: invalidated, invalidates, invalidating, invalidation/invalidation: invalidations/invalidism: invalidisms/invalidity: invalidities/ valid: invalid, validate, valider, validity, validly, validness/ validate: invalidate, validated, validates, validating, validation, validatory/ validity: validities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, some Sanders progressives now see Trump’s victory as a validation of the populist agenda Sanders championed during his campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
How much extra validation do you need anyway, you weirdo?
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“They are looking for constant validation that they are a higher-value customer,” he said.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 确认
分布：验证(85%)，确认(14%)，批准(1%)
VERB
证实;确证;确认
To validate something such as a claim or statement means to prove or confirm that it is true or correct.
例：This discovery seems to validate the claims of popular astrology.这个发现似乎能印证流行占星术的一些说法。
例：...how that evidence was evaluated and validated by historians.历史学家如何评估和确认该证据
VERB
证明…有价值;认可
To validate a person, state, or system means to prove or confirm that they are valuable or worthwhile.
例：She is looking for an image that validates her...她在寻求一种能够证明自己价值的形象。
例：The Academy Awards appear to validate his career.奥斯卡金像奖似乎是对他事业的肯定。
n. [数] 确认；批准；生效
 - verification, confirmation, authorization

Word: primer
Front: primer
[ˈpraɪmə(r)] (10881/10818)
Vocabulary: primer
(once / 3284 pages)
1n 2n
A primer gets you ready for what comes next. You could use one kind of primer when you are learning to read, or another kind when you are preparing to paint a room.
Any way you use the word primer, it's a first step or preparation for something else. There's primer you use before painting, and an engine primer that prepares a machine to be started. In these examples, primer rhymes with timer. When primer describes an introductory textbook, it rhymes with dimmer. In the 14th century, a primer was a prayer book. This word comes from primus, the Latin word for first.
WORD FAMILY
primer: primers+/ primacy: primacies/ prime: primacy, primed, primely, primer, primes, primest, priming/priming: primings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here is a quick primer on the case.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
A primer on Idaho’s electors and the Electoral College:
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
It also produced several videos including a primer for new listeners called “Meet CL,” and another of a plane writing her name in the sky.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 底漆; 启蒙读本; 入门书
分布：底漆(72%)，入门书(13%)，雷管(8%)，底火(5%)，启蒙书(2%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，-er,名词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
初级读本(prim+er→第一本书)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
US [-mɚ] noun
PAINT 画
countable or uncountable
■a type of paint that you put on a wooden surface before the main paint is put on 底层涂料；底漆
• It's best to use a coat of primer before the top coat. 最好在刷表漆前先刷一层底漆。
UK ['praɪ.mər] US [-mɚ] noun
BOOK 书
countable old-fashioned
■a small book containing basic facts about a subject, used especially when you are beginning to learn about that subject 入门书，初学者读物

Word: Hebrew
Front: Hebrew
['hiːbruː] (9342/12785 -1)
Back: n. 希伯来人，犹太人；希伯来语
adj. 希伯来人的；希伯来语的
分布：希伯来语(37%)，希伯来人(35%)，希伯来人的(14%)，希伯来语的(14%)
→来自希腊语Hebraios,来自希伯来语’ibhri,以色列人。
noun
uncountable
■the ancient language of the Jewish people and the official language of modern Israel 希伯来语
countable
■a Jewish person, used especially about the Jews of ancient Israel 希伯来人
n. 希伯来人，犹太人；希伯来语
 - Israel, Jewry

Word: adventurous
Front: adventurous
[ədˈventʃərəs] (托 10890/8490 -1)
Vocabulary: adventurous
(once / 1005 pages)
adj
If you're adventurous, you're eager to try new things and take risks. If you can't wait to go kayaking in the Amazon and you're willing to try that stew with the weird things floating around in it, you're adventurous.
Adventurous means eager for adventure, and both words come from the Latin for “about to happen” — an adventure always has an element of the unknown. Being adventurous means you’re willing to go where you haven’t been before and do things you’ve never done, even if you don’t know how it’s going to turn out.
WORD FAMILY
adventurous: adventurously, adventurousness, unadventurous+/ adventure: adventured, adventurer, adventures, adventuresome, adventuring, adventurism, adventurous, misadventure /adventurer: adventurers/adventurism: adventurisms, adventuristic/ misadventure: misadventures/unadventurous: unadventurously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lounging on beaches, hiking through vineyards and sampling some great wines await the adventurous traveler.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Unsparing in its criticism, “B.A.N.” is stunningly hilarious nevertheless and one of the year’s most adventurous episodes.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, some of them grew eccentric and adventurous, impulsive and experimental, instinctive and personal — at times, bordering on avant-garde.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 爱冒险的; 大胆的; 危险的
分布：冒险的(53%)，爱冒险的(22%)，大胆的(18%)，惊险的(7%)
爱冒险的[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US [-tʃɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■willing to try new or difficult things, or exciting and often dangerous 喜欢冒险的；大胆创新的；惊险刺激的，惊险的
• I'm trying to be more adventurous with my cooking. 我正努力在烹饪方面有所创新。
• She led an adventurous life. 她的一生充满冒险刺激。
• He's not very adventurous sexually. 他不是过于追求性刺激的人。
adj. 爱冒险的；大胆的；充满危险的
 - bold, stouthearted

Word: grimace
Front: grimace
[grɪˈmeɪs] (宝 10865/13332 -1)
Vocabulary: grimace
(once / 1441 pages)
vn
The grimace on her face when he asked her to the prom told him her answer was "no" before she said a word. A grimace is a facial expression that usually suggests disgust or pain, but sometimes comic exaggeration.
Picture someone wrinkling his nose, squeezing his eyes shut, and twisting his mouth and you'll have a pretty solid mental image of a grimace. It can be a verb, as in "the class grimaced at the teacher's suggestion of a pop quiz." Or it words as a noun. "The class gave a grimace when the teacher suggested a pop quiz." Its forerunner was the 17th century Spanish grimazo, meaning caricature, and grima, meaning fright.
WORD FAMILY
grimace: grimaced, grimaces, grimacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unwisely tamped down, Mr. Smith delivers a generally monotonal performance flecked with grimaces and frowns.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
With a Rams security official flanked to his right and a grinning Falcons player trailing on his left, Fisher wore a grimace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In Oklahoma, an inmate writhed and grimaced in 2014 before dying; an investigation later found issues with the IV insertion.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 鬼脸，怪相; 痛苦的表情
vi. 扮怪相，做鬼脸
时态：grimaced, grimacing, grimaces
分布：鬼脸(55%)，作苦相(14%)，扮鬼脸(14%)，痛苦的表情(14%)，面部的歪扭(3%)
→来自grim, 咆哮，咆哮的脸，引申义鬼脸，怪相。
【记】grim（adj 狰狞可怕的），ace＝face－可怕的脸一鬼脸读：鬼魅s或鬼没死－才有作鬼脸的可能性
verb intransitive
■to make an expression of pain, strong dislike, etc. in which the face twists in an ugly way （因疼痛或厌恶而）做鬼脸，做怪相
• He tried to stand and grimaced with pain. 他试图站起来，结果疼得龇牙咧嘴。
vi. 扮鬼脸；作怪相；作苦相
 - make faces, pull faces
n. 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情
 - moue

Word: gutter
Front: gutter
[ˈgʌtə(r)] (六宝 10884/7703 -1)
Back: n. （路边）排水沟; （屋顶的）天沟; 贫民窟
vt. 形成沟或槽于…; 为…装檐槽
vi. 在沟槽或小溪中流淌; 淌蜡; （烛火）风中摇晃
时态：guttered, guttering, gutters
分布：排水沟(41%)，槽(34%)，贫民区(13%)，形成沟(6%)，淌蜡(3%)，开沟于(3%)
→来自拉丁语gutta, 水滴，滴流，词源同gout. 原指马路下水道，后也指檐沟。
【记】gut（n 肠子：引申为沟），ter－街沟；檐槽
US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
CHANNEL 沟
countable
■the edge of a road where rain flows away （道路边的）排水沟，街沟
countable
■an open pipe at the lower edge of a roof which collects and carries away rain （屋檐的）雨水槽，檐槽，天沟
UK ['gʌt.ər] US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] noun
SOCIAL LEVEL 社会层面
the gutter only singular
■the lowest level, especially of society （尤指社会的）最低层，贫民窟
• Born to a poverty-stricken family, she dragged herself out of the gutter to become one of the wealthiest people in Britain today. 她出生在一个极度贫困的家庭，但是她从社会最低层奋力挣扎出来，成为现今英国最富有的人之一。
UK ['gʌt.ər] US ['gʌtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive literary
■(of a flame or candle) to burn unevenly and weakly, especially before completely stopping burning （火焰或蜡烛，尤指在熄灭前）忽明忽暗，摇曳不定
• a guttering candle 摇曳不定的烛光
n. [建] 排水沟；槽；贫民区
 - drainage ditch, barrel-drain
vi. 流；形成沟
 - stream
vt. 开沟于…；弄熄
 - douse
adj. 贫贱的；粗俗的；耸人听闻的
 - low, coarse

Word: leash
Front: leash
[li:ʃ] (托宝 10882/16925)
Vocabulary: leash
(once / 1606 pages)
1nv 2n
Dog owners who live in the city need a leash, a rope or cord attached to the dog's collar that helps his owner keep him safe and restrained.
When you walk a dog, you hold his leash to guide him along the sidewalk and keep him from chasing squirrels into busy streets. The word leash is also useful for describing a figurative kind of guide or restraint: "The teachers at that school keep their students on a short leash when they take field trips downtown." The students aren't on actual leashes, but they are constrained. Leash comes from the Old French word laissier, or "loose."
WORD FAMILY
leash: leashed, leashes, leashing, unleash +/ unleash: unleashed, unleashes, unleashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a recent visit in June, Clark arrived with a black Labrador on a leash trotting beside her.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
What is the law regarding length of leashes?
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the meantime, officials urge hikers and cyclists to stay on the trails, keep dogs on leash, and never remove firewood from the preserve.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 拴猎狗的皮带
vt. 用皮带系住
时态：leashed, leashing, leashes
分布：控制(45%)，束缚(28%)，约束(17%)，用皮带控制(5%)，三个一组(5%)
→来自古法语laisse,松开，皮带，词源同lease,lax.即把狗松开，给予狗部分自由，用来指牵狗的皮带，后词义通用化。
【记】读：力士，因为狗是大力士，所以要用项圈控制。
noun countable mainly US for lead (ANIMAL)
n. 皮带；束缚
 - chain, restriction
vt. 束缚；用皮带绑住
 - chain, bound

Word: baby-sitter
Front: baby-sitter
['bebɪˌsɪtə] (托)
Back: n. 代人临时照看婴孩者
分布：代人照看孩子者(100%)

Word: reinstate
Front: reinstate
[ˌri:ɪnˈsteɪt] (宝 10892/9749 -1)
Vocabulary: reinstate
(once / 1828 pages)
v
When you reinstate someone, you return that person to a position or job. A principal might reinstate a laid off teacher when the school starts hiring again.
Bosses can reinstate employees, countries can reinstate kings and queens, and governments can reinstate, or bring back, old laws. For example, during times of war the United States could very well reinstate the draft, which is not currently a law but has been in the past. Although it's not as common as reinstate, the word instate, from which it comes, means "to put someone in a certain state or condition."
WORD FAMILY
reinstate: reinstated, reinstatement, reinstates, reinstating+/reinstatement: reinstatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Setya was recently reinstated as speaker after a court ruled the recording was inadmissible as evidence.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was eligible to be reinstated on Nov. 17.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Two, how will he respond when he is reinstated?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使复原; 使恢复; 使恢复健康; 使复任
时态：reinstated, reinstating, reinstates
分布：恢复(94%)，使复位(6%)
→re-,再，重新，instate,安置。
重新恢复职位(re+in+state国家,权力→重新进入权力)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re再，in进入，state（n 国家，状态）－恢复职位等
[ˌri:.ɪn'steɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to give someone back their previous job or position, or to cause something to exist again 使重返岗位，使恢复原职；把…放回原处；使恢复原状
• A month after being unfairly dismissed, he was reinstated in his job. 在被不公正解职一个月后，他又重新返回工作岗位。
• The Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. 最高法院于1976年恢复了死刑。
vt. 使恢复；使复原
 - bring around

Word: mint
Front: mint
[mɪnt] (六托雅宝 8674/8850 -2)
Back: n. 薄荷; 铸币厂; 大量，尤指钱; 来源
vt. 铸造，铸币; 发明或创造
adj. 崭新的，完美的; 未损坏的
时态：minted, minting, mints
分布：薄荷(83%)，造币厂(15%)，伪造(1%)，完美无缺的(1%)
→来自拉丁文menta,薄荷，来自希腊语Minthe,薄荷仙子，在古希腊神话中，原为泉水仙子，因引诱冥王Hades,被冥后Persephone变成了薄荷树。mint 铸造，铸币，创造
【记】mint源于money
noun
PLANT 植物
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a herb whose leaves have a strong fresh smell and taste and are used for giving flavour to food 薄荷
• a sprig of mint 薄荷枝
• mint-flavoured gum/toothpaste 薄荷味的口香糖／牙膏
 ADVANCED countable
■a sweet with a mint flavour 薄荷糖
• a packet of extra-strong mints 一包特浓薄荷糖
• after-dinner chocolate mints 餐后巧克力薄荷糖
[mɪnt] noun
MONEY 金钱
countable
■a place where the new coins of a country are made 铸币厂
only singular informal
■an extremely large amount of money 巨额款项
• If his books sell in the States, he'll make a mint. 如果他的书在美国销量理想的话，他会赚一大笔钱。
[mɪnt] adjective [before noun]
■describes stamps and coins, etc. which have not been used （邮票、硬币等）簇新的
• A collector would pay $500 for a mint copy. 收藏家会愿意花500美元买一套簇新版。
in mint condition
■perfect, as if new （好像）新的；完美的
• CD player, in mint condition - £50. 完好无缺的CD播放机——50英镑。
[mɪnt] verb transitive
COIN 硬币
■to produce a coin for the government 铸造（硬币）
[mɪnt] verb transitive
STH NEW 创新
■to produce something new, especially to invent a new phrase or word 创造（尤指新词语）
• a freshly minted slogan/phrase 新设计的口号／新创的短语
• newly minted college graduates 刚毕业的大学生
n. [植] 薄荷； [金融] 造币厂，巨款
 - menta, peppermint
vt. 铸造，铸币
 - coin

Word: colonization
Front: colonization
[ˌkɒlənaɪ'zeɪʃn] (10613/24415)
Vocabulary: colonization
(once / 2012 pages)
n
Colonization is the act of setting up a colony away from one's place of origin. Remember when the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock? That was the beginning of a period of colonization.
You may have heard of an ant colony, which is a community of ants that decided to set up shop in a particular place; this is an example of ant colonization. With humans, colonization is sometimes seen as a negative act because it tends to involve an invading culture establishing political control over an indigenous population (the people living there before the arrival of the settlers).
WORD FAMILY
colonization: colonizations+/ colonial: colonialism, colonially, colonials/ colonialism: colonialisms, colonialist, neocolonialism /colonialist: colonialists/colonisation: colonisations, decolonisation/colonise: colonisation, colonised, coloniser, colonises, colonising, decolonise/coloniser: colonisers/ colonist: colonists/colonize: colonization, colonized, colonizer, colonizes, colonizing, decolonize/colonizer: colonizers/ colony: colonial, colonies, colonise, colonist, colonize/decolonize: decolonization, decolonized, decolonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Balfour Declaration was issued at the height of the imperial age, when colonization was still in good odor.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Manifesto signers pledge “to resist the rising cultural imperialism of Western powers whose governments seek nothing less than the ideological colonization of the family.”
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
This time around, the threat is the colonization of universities by overzealous business types.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 殖民地的开拓，殖民，殖民地化; 移殖
分布：殖民(89%)，殖民地化(11%)
VERB
在…开拓殖民地;将…建成殖民地
If people colonize a foreign country, they go to live there and take control of it.
例：The first British attempt to colonize Ireland was in the twelfth century...英国最早尝试在爱尔兰开拓殖民地是在12世纪。
例：Liberia was never colonised by the European powers...利比里亚从未沦落为欧洲强国的殖民地。
VERB
(动物)移生于，大批繁殖于
When large numbers of animals colonize a place, they go to live there and make it their home.
例：Toads are colonising the whole place.蟾蜍把这整个地方都占为己有。
VERB
(植物)大批生长于
When an area is colonized by a type of plant, the plant grows there in large amounts.
例：The area was then colonized by scrub.后来这块地灌木丛生。
n. 殖民；殖民地化
 - settlement, plantation

Word: pane
Front: pane
[peɪn] (四六托宝 10912/11995 -1)
Vocabulary: pane
(once / 1124 pages)
1n 2n
A pane is a piece of glass, especially one that fits into a window frame. If you hit your baseball through your neighbors' kitchen window, you'll probably owe them a new pane.
Panes are almost always made of glass, although occasionally they're some other translucent material. Stained-glass windows have colorful panes, and older houses with their original details often have windows made of many small glass panes. The original meaning of pane was "piece of a garment," from the Latin pannum, "piece of cloth." Later, a pane became "a panel of wood," and finally "a panel of glass."
WORD FAMILY
pane: panes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Late that night, once we’d gone to bed, a burglar entered our flat through an open pane above the balcony.
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
A series of new paintings at Salon 94 is based on photographs of women behind steamed or frosted panes of glass, some beaded with water.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
The glass booth’s supposedly shatterproof panes splintered, cutting her cheek, and Hedren suggests the sequence was part punishment for her rejection of him.
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 窗玻璃; 窗格; 嵌板; 方框
vt. 装窗玻璃于; 镶嵌板于; 用染色小布片拼做（衣服）
分布：窗玻璃(60%)，方格(15%)，方框(15%)，嵌窗玻璃(10%)
→来自拉丁语pannum,一块布，来自pan,布，纺织品。引申词义窗帘，窗玻璃。
noun countable
■a flat piece of glass, used in a window or door （窗或闸上的）一块玻璃
• a window pane 一块窗玻璃
n. 窗格；边；面； [建] 窗格玻璃；嵌板
 - rim, planum

Word: gun
Front: gun
[gʌn] (中高研四六 840/1706 -K4)
Vocabulary: gun
(once / 50 pages)
nv
A gun is a hand-held weapon that fires bullets or shells. A hunter's gun looks very different from the gun carried in a holster by a police officer.Guns come in all shapes and sizes, but they are all dangerous weapons.
Most guns are designed to kill or injure, whether when hunting animals or used for self-defense. There are also starting guns, which make a loud noise to mark the start of a race; squirt guns, which fire streams of water; and paintball guns, used to shoot paint pellets during a paintball game. A so-called "hired gun" is a professional who's paid for their particular abilities. "Son of a gun" is an informal, fond way to refer to someone.
WORD FAMILY
gun: gunned, gunner, gunnery, gunning, guns+/gunner: gunners/gunnery: gunneries
USAGE EXAMPLES
They recommended harsher sentences for gun crimes and for the use of high-capacity magazines.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
To handle a gun, you must be “maximally aggressive,” Gariev said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
On Dec. 19, a Turkish policeman gunned down Russia’s ambassador to Turkey at an art exhibition, while railing against the bloodshed in Syria.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 枪; 发令枪声; 受雇杀人的枪手; 喷射器
vt. 射击（某人）; 给…加大油门; 打猎
vi. 用枪打猎
时态：gunned, gunning, guns
分布：枪(86%)，炮(10%)，用枪打猎(2%)，枪击(1%)，打开节流阀(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自妇女名Gunilda, 字面意思为战斗，击打。gun, 击打，词源同bane, offend. hilda, 砍，杀，词源同gladiator.
n.枪,炮,手枪The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise or after sunset.滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a weapon from which bullets or shells (= explosive containers) are fired 枪；炮
• The British police do not carry guns. 英国员警不佩带枪支。
• You could hear the noise of guns firing in the distance. 你可以听到远处的枪声。
■in sport, a device which makes a very loud sudden noise as a signal to start a race （体育比赛中用来表示比赛开始的）信号枪
• At the gun, the runners sprinted away down the track. 信号枪一响，运动员们便沿着跑道飞奔起来。
■a device which you hold in your hand and use for sending out a liquid or object 喷射器；喷射枪
• a spray gun 喷枪
• a staple gun U 形钉枪
⇒ See also staple-gun
hired gun mainly US informal
■a person who is paid to shoot and kill someone 受雇杀人的枪手
[gʌn] noun countable
be under the gun mainly US
■to feel worried because you have to do something by a particular time or in a particular way 因为须在限定时间内或以特定方式完成任务而倍感压力
• Al's under the gun to decide by the end of the month whether to move with his company. 艾伦因需在月底前决定是否和公司一起搬走而倍感压力。
[gʌn] noun countable
with guns blazing (also all guns blazing)
■If you do something, especially argue, with guns blazing, you do it with a lot of force and energy （尤指争吵）火药味十足地，真刀真枪地
• I went into the meeting with guns blazing, determined not to let him win. 我进入会场的时候下定决心真刀真枪跟他争辩，决不让他得逞。
[gʌn] verb transitive (-nn-) mainly US old-fashioned informal
■to make an engine operate at a higher speed 使加速；使高速运转
• You must have been really gunning the engine to get here on time. 你竟然准时到这儿了，肯定是一路飞驰而来。
[gʌn] verb transitive (-nn-) mainly US old-fashioned informal
be gunning for sb informal
■to often criticize someone or be trying to cause trouble for them 时常指责（某人）；不时找（某人）的茬，经常挑衅
• She's been gunning for me ever since I got the promotion she wanted. 自从我被提升到她觊觎的那个职位后，她就一直在找我的茬。
[gʌn] verb transitive (-nn-) mainly US old-fashioned informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gun sb down
■to shoot someone and kill or seriously injure them, often when they cannot defend themselves 用枪击伤，击毙（没有防御能力的人）
• The police officer was gunned down as he took his children to school. 这名员警在送他的孩子去上学时被枪杀。
pistol, fifle, gun, cannon
这组词都有“枪，炮”的意思，其区别是：
pistol: 指手枪。
fifle: 指步枪类的枪。
gun: 系枪的通称。
cannon: 在军事上，现在gun指火炮，取代了cannon这一名词。
n. 枪枝；枪状物；持枪歹徒
 - gunman, rodman

Word: privatize
Front: privatize
[ˈpraɪvətaɪz] (10897/17519 -3)
Vocabulary: privatize
(once / 3790 pages)
v
To privatize is to switch ownership or control from public, or government-run, to private. The US has a history of deciding to privatize previously government-controlled railroads.
If profit making companies took over every school in the country, turning all public schools into private ones, it would privatize education. Most countries have a variety of public and private industries — in the US, the post office, many schools, public universities, and the police, among other services, are in the public sector. If this changed, they would privatize.
WORD FAMILY
privatize: privatization, privatized, privatizes, privatizing+/ privacy: privacies/ private: privacy, privately, privateness, privates, privatise, privatize, semiprivate/privatise: privatisation/ privatization: privatizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Killing healthcare reform, tax cuts for the wealthy, privatizing schools and infrastructure, cutting regulations in finance and the environment are long time goals.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Betsy DeVos, in line for a Department of Education role, is a leading advocate of privatizing education, without oversight or standards;
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
The sale is part of the Russian government’s efforts to privatize some state assets to help balance the budget amid a two-year recession.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 使私有化; 使归私有; “privatism”的派生
时态：privatized, privatizing, privatizes
分布：使归私有(67%)，使私人化(33%)
(UK usually privatise) ['praɪ.və.taɪz] verb transitive
■If a government privatizes an industry, company or service that it owns and controls, it sells it so that it becomes privately owned and controlled 使私有化
• I bought shares in British Gas when it was privatized. 我在英国煤气公司私营化时买了它的股票。

Word: Jordanian
Front: Jordanian
[dʒɔ:'deiniən] (10879/17803)
Back: adj. 约旦的；约旦人的
n. 约旦人
分布：约旦的(48%)，约旦人(42%)，约旦人的(10%)
US [dʒɔ:r-] noun countable adjective
■Jordanian 约旦人／约旦的

Word: vegetarian
Front: vegetarian
[ˌvedʒəˈteəriən] (研托雅 9054/10146 -2)
Vocabulary: vegetarian
(once / 3596 pages)
n
A vegetarian is someone who doesn't eat any meat, including fish. Vegetarians eat a lot of salads.
This is a word that has to do with diet — what people eat. A vegetarian avoids meat, usually because it's healthier or they believe it's wrong to kill animals for food. Vegetarians will eat some animal products, like eggs and dairy, but vegans won't. Being vegan is harder than being a vegetarian, but both diets are becoming more common. Many animals are vegetarians, including our close relative, the gorilla.
WORD FAMILY
vegetarian: vegetarianism, vegetarians+/vegetarianism: vegetarianisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which led Ken Charney to ask me if the Columbia Heights eatery, awarded 3½ stars in my fall dining guide, is suitable for a vegetarian.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The new Bank of England £5 note is not suitable for vegetarians...
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
That would be like trying to sell meat to a vegetarian and then complaining that it doesn't sell well.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 素食者; 食草动物
adj. 素食者的; 素菜的
分布：素食者(69%)，素食的(31%)
→来自vegetable,蔬菜，即吃蔬菜的人。
素食的(人)(vegetable蔬菜)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
n.素食主义者
US [-'ter.i-] noun countable (UK informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■a person who does not eat meat for health or religious reasons or because they want to avoid being cruel to animals 素食者，素食主义者
• Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women. 在英国已有的400万素食主义者中，将近三分之二是女性。
Compare vegan
UK [ˌvedʒ.ɪ'teə.ri.ən] US [-'ter.i-] adjective (informal veggie)
 ADVANCED
■not eating or including meat 素食的；素的；不包括肉的
• vegetarian cooking/food 素食烹饪／食品
• a vegetarian dish/meal 素菜／素餐
• a vegetarian restaurant 素食餐馆
• She's recently gone/become vegetarian. 她最近成了素食主义者。
n. 素食者；食草动物
 - veggie, herbivore
adj. 素食的
 - meatless, maigre

Word: exporter
Front: exporter
[ekˈspɔ:tə(r)] (10867/8241)
Vocabulary: exporter
(once / 2513 pages)
n
An exporter is someone who sends goods out of a country to be sold. If you are in the import/export business, you bring goods from abroad into the country as well.
The story of exporters is the story of globalization. From early times, as merchants carrying goods along the spice route from Asia into Europe, and as present-day shapers of trade relations between China and the U.S., exporters have forced the expansion of exploration, the interweaving of cultural connections, and advances in transportation.
WORD FAMILY
exporter: exporters+/ export: exportable, exportation, exported, exporter, exporting, exports/exportable: unexportable/exportation: exportations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Apple is also the main exporter using the customs facility here.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The dwindling supply of high-quality resin, and competition between exporters, also are factors.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
After decades of waning influence, large oil exporters once again seem to be masters of their own destiny.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 出口商; 输出者，输出国
分布：出口商(84%)，输出国(16%)
US [-'spɔ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person, country or business that sells goods to another country 出口商；出口国；出口公司
• Japan is a major exporter of cars. 日本是主要的汽车出口国。

Word: chip
Front: chip
[tʃɪp] (研六托雅宝 2159/2397 -K3)
Vocabulary: chip
(once / 407 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5nv
If a small flake of your purple nail polish breaks off, you might describe it as a chip, or a tiny piece. You might also say, "Shoot, I always seem to chip my nails."
You can use the word chip as a noun or a verb, to describe the breaking off of a small piece or the small piece itself. You might accidentally chip your aunt's favorite tea cup, or realize that slamming your door made a chip of paint fall off your bedroom wall. The word comes from the Old English forcippian, "to pare away by cutting," and the related cipp, also pronounced chip, which means "small piece of wood."
WORD FAMILY
chip: chipped, chipping, chips, microchip+/chipping: chippings/microchip: microchips
USAGE EXAMPLES
Intel focuses on central processing units, the general-purpose chips proficient in completing a wide range of tasks and quickly switching from one to the next.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Goodbye, Mr Chips is an example of how the inspirational movie is a cousin to the weepie.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
And for another, Cleveland — despite efforts to sell bobbleheads and woo conventioneers — remains a city with a chip on its shoulder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 碎片; 缺口; （作赌注用的）筹码; （足球）高球
vt. 刻，削成; 凿; 从…上削下一小片
vi. 剥落; 碎裂
时态：chipped, chipping, chips
分布：芯片(83%)，筹码(8%)，缺口(3%)，碎屑(3%)，薄片(2%)，近穴击球(1%)
→可能来自chop,剁。
n.切屑,碎片;(土豆等的)薄片;集成电路块The cripple dipped the whip tip into the chip solution nearby his hip.跛子将鞭子末端浸入他臀部旁边的芯片溶液中.
noun
FRIED FOOD 油炸食品
 IMPROVER countable usually plural UK (US french fry)
■a long thin piece of potato that is fried and usually eaten hot 炸薯条
• fish and chips 炸鱼薯条
• beans/egg/sausage and chips 豆子／鸡蛋／香肠加薯条
• oven chips (= chips that are baked in a cooker) 烤薯条
 IMPROVER countable usually plural US for * crisp (POTATO)
• a bag of chips 一包炸薯片
countable usually plural
■a thin slice of fried maize , banana or other food which is eaten cold 炸玉米片（或香蕉片等）
• banana chips 炸香蕉片
[tʃɪp] noun
COMPUTER PART 电脑零件
 IMPROVER countable (also microchip) specialized
■a very small piece of semiconductor , especially in a computer, that contains extremely small electronic circuits and devices, and can perform particular operations （尤指电脑的）微晶片，晶片
• a silicon chip 硅芯片
[tʃɪp] noun
PIECE 碎片
countable
■a small piece that has been broken off a larger object, or the mark left on an object such as a cup, plate, etc. where a small piece has been broken off it （脱落的）碎屑，碎片；（杯、碟等的）缺口
• wood chips 木屑
• Polly fell and knocked a chip out of her front tooth. 波莉摔了一跤，磕掉了一小块门牙。
• This mug's got a chip in it/ out of it. 这个马克杯上有个缺口。
[tʃɪp] noun
PLASTIC COIN 塑胶钱币
countable
■a small plastic disc used to represent a particular amount of money in gambling （作赌注用的）筹码
• figurative The hostages are being held as a bargaining chip by terrorist organizations. 恐怖组织扣押了人质作为讨价还价的筹码。
[tʃɪp] noun
a chip off the old block informal
■someone who is very similar in character to their father or mother （性格上）酷似父亲（或母亲）的人
[tʃɪp] noun
have a chip on your shoulder informal
■to seem angry all the time because you think you have been treated unfairly or feel you are not as good as other people （因觉得受委屈或不如别人优秀而）好生气
• He's got a chip on his shoulder about not having been to university. 他因上不到大学而耿耿于怀。
[tʃɪp] noun
have had your chips UK informal
■to have lost your position, importance or power 失势，完蛋，垮台
[tʃɪp] noun
when the chips are down informal
■when you are in a very difficult or dangerous situation, especially that makes you understand the true value of people or things 在困难时刻，在危急关头（尤指使人懂得人或物真正价值的时候）
• One day when the chips are down, you will know who your true friends are. 等到危急关头你就会知道谁是真正的朋友了。
[tʃɪp] verb intransitive or transitive (-pp-)
■to break a small piece off something by accident 打破；弄缺；（使）掉碎片
• I wish my nail polish wouldn't keep chipping. 我希望我的指甲油不要老掉。
• He's chipped a bone in his wrist. 他腕关节有一块骨头裂了。
[tʃɪp] verb intransitive or transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] chip (sth) in informal
■to give some money when several people are giving money to pay for something together 共同支付；凑钱，凑份子
• They all chipped in fifty pounds and bought their mother a trip to Greece. 他们每人凑了50英镑，让母亲到希腊旅游一趟。
[tʃɪp] verb intransitive or transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  chip in mainly UK informal
■to interrupt a conversation in order to say something 插嘴，插话；打断别人的话
• I'll start and you can all chip in with your comments. 我现在开始，你们随时都可以插话发表意见。
vt. 削，凿；削成碎片
 - pele, whittle
vi. 剥落；碎裂
 - shell, flake off
n. [电子] 芯片；筹码；碎片
 - debris, patch

Word: bottled
Front: bottled
['bɒtld] (10891/14890)
Back: adj. 瓶装的
分布：瓶装的(93%)，动词bottle的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
US ['bɑ:.tˌld] adjective
■contained, stored or sold in bottles 装瓶
• bottled water 瓶装水
• bottled gas 罐装煤气

Word: mate
Front: mate
[meɪt] (研四六托宝 4061/3060 -K3)
Vocabulary: mate
(once / 162 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
Someone's mate is their spouse, partner, boyfriend, or girlfriend. Your grandmother's long-term sweetheart is her mate. Awwww.
A husband or wife is one kind of mate, and animals have mates too, chosen for reproduction and sometimes to assist in raising babies. Anything that comes in a pair — like socks, contacts, shoes, or earrings — also has a mate. Your pal or buddy can be called a mate as well. As a verb, to mate means "to breed" or "to reproduce." In Middle Low German, mate means "one eating at the same table."
WORD FAMILY
mate: mated, mateed, mateless, mater, mates, matey, mating, mismate+/mated: unmated/mater: maters/mating: matings/mismate: mismated, mismates, mismating
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he looked deeper and found this lovely move, calculating – despite having just two minutes left on his clock – that mate was inevitable.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
July 12: Trump again attacks the Carrier decision during a campaign rally in suburban Indianapolis, three days before he announces Pence as his running mate.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
A tiger mates with a lion in the distance.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （工人间的）伙伴，同事，老兄，老弟〔工人，水手间的亲密称呼〕; 配偶〔男女任何一方〕，动物之偶（尤指鸟类），（一对中的）一只，配对物; [医学]（军医等的）助手; [航海]（商船的）大副，驾驶员
vt. & vi. （使）成为配偶; （使）交配; （一对动物或鸟）交配; 交尾(~ with sth)
时态：mated, mating, mates
分布：交配(40%)，配偶(28%)，伙伴(20%)，同事(10%)，使 ... 配对(1%)，使 ... 一致(1%)
→来自低地德语gemate,同桌吃饭的人，餐桌伙伴，来自Proto-Germanic*ga-maton,一起吃饭，来自*ga-,一起，词源同com-,*maton,食物，词源同meat.引申词义伙伴，伴侣，以及动物交配等。mate 将军，将死
n.伙伴,同事,同伴,配偶v.结伴,配对,交配My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.
noun countable
FRIEND 朋友
 IMPROVER UK informal
■a friend 朋友，伙伴
• We've been mates since our school days. 我们从学生时代起就是朋友。
• I usually play football with some of my mates from the office on Saturdays. 我星期六通常和办公室的同事一起踢足球。
• She's my best mate. 她是我最好的朋友。
■UK informal
■used as a friendly way of talking to someone, especially a man （尤用作男人间的友善称呼）老兄，老弟，伙计
• Have you got a light, mate? 有火吗，老兄？
[meɪt] noun countable
SEXUAL PARTNER 配偶
■an animal's sexual partner （动物的）偶
• Peacocks use their beautiful tails to attract mates. 孔雀用美丽的尾巴来吸引配偶。
[meɪt] noun countable
HELPER 帮忙者 UK a person who is employed to help a skilled worker 助手，帮手
• a carpenter's/plumber's mate 木工／管道工的助手
[meɪt] noun countable
SHIP 船
■a type of officer on a trading ship rather than a military ship （商船上的）大副
• He had worked as a ship's mate for ten years. 他当了十年的大副。
[meɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to have sex and produce young, or to make animals do this （使）交配
• Tigers mate repeatedly over a period of several days. 老虎在几天里多次交配。
• Mating a horse with a donkey produces a mule. 马和驴交配后生出骡子。
[meɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
mate for life
■If animals mate for life, they keep the same sexual partner for their whole life. （动物）终生保持同一配偶
acquaintance, pal, mate, friend
这组词都有“朋友”的意思，其区别是：
acquaintance: 指彼此相识，但交往不甚密切，相互间没有深厚情感的人。
pal: 口语用词，指十分要好的朋友。
mate: 最普通用词，既可指好友、同事，又可指合伙人，还可指配偶的一方。
friend: 一般用词，指某人喜爱并乐意与之相交往的人。
n. 助手，大副； [生物] 配偶；同事；配对物
 - friend, assistant, brother, aid, fellow
vt. 使配对；使一致；结伴
 - accord, unify
vi. [生物] 交配；成配偶；紧密配合
 - copulate, close fit

Word: crop
Front: crop
[krɒp] (高研四六 2461/2655 -K3)
Vocabulary: crop
(once / 152 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4v
A crop is a large amount of one kind of fruit or vegetable that's grown on a farm. Your farmer uncle's corn crop might be especially large after a summer with plenty of rain.
A major crop in parts of Asia is rice, while the coffee bean crop is important to the economics of several African and South American countries. A different kind of crop is the short whip that some riders use on horses — and when you crop something, you cut it short. You might decide to crop your hair at the beginning of the summer each year. The noun came first, originally defined as "the top of a sprout or herb."
WORD FAMILY
crop: cropped, cropping, crops, overcrop+/cropped: uncropped/overcrop: overcropped, overcropping
USAGE EXAMPLES
He first became interested in growing crops indoors in the two-thousand-aughts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
From the earliest days of agriculture, farmers discovered various ways to prevent crop yields from declining over time: by restoring nitrogen to their fields.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
“Who else would pick the crops? Who would build the homes?”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 农作物; 产量; 庄稼; 平头
vt. 种植; 收割; 修剪; 剪短
vi. 收成; 收获
时态：cropped, cropping, crops
分布：农作物(27%)，庄稼(21%)，收成(17%)，出现(16%)，收获(11%)，修剪(5%)，啃吃(3%)
→来自ger, 团，块，群，词源同grape, group。原指鸟的嗉囔，后主要指成熟的庄稼穗。
n.农作物,庄稼,产量v.收割,收获The chop shopkeeper let the blood drip to the crops.排骨店老板让血滴到庄稼上.
US [krɑ:p] noun
PLANT 植物
 IMPROVER countable
■(the total amount collected of) a plant such as a grain, fruit or vegetable grown in large amounts 庄稼，作物；收成，收获量
• The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice. 主要的出口作物是咖啡和大米。
• a bumper (= very good) potato crop 薯仔大丰收
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] noun
GROUP 一批
countable usually singular informal
■a group of people or things with something in common, that exist at a particular time （同时涌现的）一批，一帮（人或事物）
• The judges will select the best from this year's crop of first novels. 评委们将从今年的一批处女作小说中选出最出色的一部。
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] noun
HAIR CUT 剪发
countable
■a short hair cut 平头发型
• She's had a very short crop. 她留着很短的平头。
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] noun
THROAT 喉咙
countable
■a part of the throat in many birds where food is stored before going into the stomach （鸟的）嗉囊
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] noun
STICK 棍子
countable
■a short stick used to control a horse by hitting it 短马鞭
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
CUT 剪
transitive
■to make something shorter or smaller, especially by cutting 修剪；剪短
• He had his hair cropped when he went into the army. 他进部队时把头发剪短了。
transitive
■When animals such as sheep or horses crop grass or other plants, they eat the top parts. （羊、马等）啃食（草或其他植物）的顶部
transitive
■to cut off some or all of the edges from a photograph, leaving only the most important part 剪裁（照片）
• He cropped the photo so that only the face remained. 他把照片剪到只剩下脸。
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
PLANT 植物
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■If a plant crops, it produces fruit, flowers, etc. （植物）结果，开花，收成，收获
• The carrots have cropped (= grown) well this year. 今年的胡萝卜收成很好。
transitive usually passive
■to grow crops on land 种植（庄稼）
• The land is intensively cropped. 这片地庄稼种得很密。
UK [krɒp] US [krɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  crop up informal
■to happen or appear unexpectedly 意外发生；冒出；突然出现
• Her name keeps cropping up in conversation. 谈话中不断提到她的名字。
yield, harvest, crop
这组词都有“收成”的意思，其区别是：
yield: 指生产物，农作物的总产量。
harvest: 主要指农作物或水果的收获量，有时也指收割的行为。
crop: 普通用词，侧重指农作物一次收割或一季的收成。
grain, crop, corn
这组词都有“谷物”的意思，其区别是：
grain: 指稻、麦等谷类及其粒子。
crop: 指谷物或果类等一年或一季的收成，也可指地里的农业作物或谷物。
corn: 主要指大麦、小麦、燕麦、裸麦、玉蜀黍这5种谷物及其粒子。
n. 产量；农作物； [作物] 庄稼；平头
 - output, yield, plant, harvest
vt. 种植；收割；修剪；剪短
 - plant, shear, grow, gather, harvest
vi. [农学] 收获
 - to harvest, get in

Word: specified
Front: specified
['spesɪfaɪd] (托 10916/5182)
Vocabulary: specified
(once / 939 pages)
adj
Something that is described as specified is explicitly named or stated. If you assign seats in your classroom, you ask the students to sit in specified seats — according to your seating chart.
The word specified and several related words, including specify and specific, all have at their roots the Latin word species, meaning "a kind of" or "a sort of." All these words express the idea of naming things explicitly or categorizing them. If you're baking, you should try to use the specified ingredients and amounts or things won't taste right.
WORD FAMILY
specified: unspecified +/ specification: specifications/ specify: specifiable, specification, specified, specifier, specifies, specifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The judge’s order specified he saw no reason to delay Tuesday’s start of the penalty phase.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Owens specified, “It’s dark, but it looks current and fresh when used with grays, blacks and white and creates a sophisticated edge.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Corradi was one of those included in the list, which specified he was in Argentina at that time.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: v. 指定( specify的过去式和过去分词 ); 详述; 提出…的条件; 使具有特性
分布：规定的(44%)，详细说明的(28%)，指定的(28%)
VERB
明确说明;具体指定
If you specify something, you give information about what is required or should happen in a certain situation.
例：They specified a spacious entrance hall...他们专门指定要一个宽敞的大门厅。
例：He has not specified what action he would like them to take.他尚未明确说明自己希望他们采取什么样的行动。
VERB
具体说明（或规定）
If you specify what should happen or be done, you explain it in an exact and detailed way.
例：Each recipe specifies the size of egg to be used...每种菜谱都具体规定了所用鸡蛋的大小。
例：One rule specifies that learner drivers must be supervised by adults...一条规则明确规定，见习驾驶员必须有成人的监督。
adj. 规定的；详细说明的
 - stated, prescribed, regulation, set, stipulated
v. 指定；详细说明（specify的过去分词）
 - detailed, appointed, assigned

Word: stabilization
Front: stabilization
[ˌsteɪbəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (10908/25781)
Vocabulary: stabilization
(once / 7818 pages)
n
If you're seasick on a rocking boat, you're probably wishing for a little stabilization, or steadying.
Stabilization is often used in describing volatile things, like economic markets, unstable governments, or structures or buildings that have been disturbed by a natural disaster, like an earthquake. For example, in order for stabilization to occur in a developing country, the political and military powers need to be in agreement. In a less serious realm, a house of cards might also need stabilization!
WORD FAMILY
stabilization: stabilizations+/destabilise: destabilised/ destabilize: destabilization, destabilized, destabilizes, destabilizing/ instability: instabilities/stabilisation: destabilisation/stabilise: destabilise, stabilisation, stabilised, stabiliser, stabilising/ stability: instability, stabilities/ stabilize: destabilize, stabilization, stabilized, stabilizer, stabilizes, stabilizing /stabilizer: stabilizers/ stable: stabilise, stability, stabilize, stabled, stableness, stabler, stables, stabling, stably, unstable /stabling: stablings/ unstable: unstableness, unstably
USAGE EXAMPLES
To ease that, GOP aides say they’re considering including some kind of stabilization fund in the repeal bill to protect insurers against losses.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“He is seeking now to avoid in Syria the use of ground forces for full-scale occupation and stabilization,” Bossert said of Obama.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
In Southwest Washington, plans exist to build a much-needed diversion, crisis stabilization, and involuntary treatment facility.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 稳定性; 稳定化; 安定面
分布：稳定(90%)，稳定化(10%)
稳定,安定(来自stabilize稳定)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
V-ERG
(使)稳定;(使)安定
If something stabilizes, or is stabilized, it becomes stable.
例：Although her illness is serious, her condition is beginning to stabilize...虽然她病得很重，但病情正开始趋于稳定。
例：Officials hope the move will stabilize exchange rates...官员们希望此举能使汇率稳定下来。
n. 稳定；稳定化
 - steadiness

Word: feeder
Front: feeder
[ˈfi:də(r)] (托 10915/10516 -2)
Back: n. 支流，支线; 进料器; 供给装置; 饲养员
分布：支流(28%)，进食者(18%)，分支(18%)，输电线(9%)，支线驳船(9%)，饲养者(9%)，供给者(9%)
US ['fi:.dɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes something that leads to or supplies a larger thing of the same type 汇入主干的，融入主流的
• a feeder road 支路
• a feeder school 直属学校
UK ['fi:.dər] US ['fi:.dɚ] noun countable
■a baby or animal that eats in a particular way 以某种方式进食的婴儿（或动物）
• a messy/slow feeder 吃饭邋遢／慢的婴儿
■a container for giving food to animals 饲料槽
• a bird feeder 鸟食罐
old-fashioned
■a bib for a young child 围兜，围嘴
n. 支线；喂食器；奶瓶；饲养员； [地理] [水文] 支流
 - branch, dropline

Word: co-star
Front: co-star
[ˈkəʊstɑ:] (-1)
Back: n. 联合主演
vt. （指电影等）由（某明星）与其他明星联合主演
vi. （与某人）联合主演，合演
时态：co-starred, co-starring, co-stars
分布：联袂主演(100%)
US ['koʊ.stɑ:r] noun countable
■a famous actor appearing with another famous actor in a film or a play, and who both have parts of equal importance 合演者；联合主演者
• The co-stars of 'Casablanca' are Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart. 《北非谍影》由英格丽‧褒曼和汉弗莱‧博加特联袂主演。
UK ['kəʊ.stɑ:r] US ['koʊ.stɑ:r] verb intransitive or transitive (-rr-)
■to appear in a film or a play as a co-star 联袂出演
• Katherine Hepburn co-starred with Spencer Tracy in many films. 凯瑟琳‧赫本和斯潘塞‧特雷西联袂主演了多部影片。

Word: standoff
Front: standoff
['stændɔ:f] (10197/-)
Back: adj. 冷淡的，有支架的
n. 离岸; 避开; 僵局; 僵持不下
分布：僵局(85%)，平局(10%)，冷淡的(5%)
US [-ɑ:f] noun countable
■a situation in which agreement in an argument does not seem possible; stalemate 僵局，僵持局面
n. 和局；僵持；冷淡；平衡
 - balance, indifference
adj. 冷淡的；有支架的
 - cold, lukewarm

Word: hire
Front: hire
[ˈhaɪə(r)] (高研四六 1491/3488 -K3)
Vocabulary: hire
(once / 150 pages)
vn
When you hire someone, you invite them to work for you or the company you represent. If you manage your local ice cream shop, it might be part of your job to hire extra ice cream scoopers for the busy summer season.
Your boss at the animal shelter might hire you immediately if she's desperate for help — or if you impress her as a true animal lover. Once she does, she can call you "a new hire," or a recently hired employee. It's less common in the U.S. than in Britain, but you can also say you hire a car when you rent or lease one. Hire comes from the Old English hyr, which means both "wages" and "interest."
WORD FAMILY
hire: hired, hirer, hires, hiring+/hirer: hirers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Everlasting,” the fictional reality show at the center of “UnREAL,” hired its first black bachelor, Darius.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
I understand that the Washington Post is actually hiring news reporters.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Principals would be allowed to hire the teachers they wanted.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 聘用; 录用; 雇用; 租用
vi. 受雇; 得到工作
n. 租金; 酬金，工钱; [非正式用语] 被雇佣的人; 销售部的两个新雇员
时态：hired, hiring, hires
分布：雇用(66%)，租用(22%)，出租(7%)，租金(5%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*hurjan,租，借。
n./v.雇用,租借The hired admirer inspired his desire for the wire.雇佣钦佩者激发了他对铁丝的渴望.
US [haɪr] UK
verb transitive
 ESSENTIAL (US rent)
■to pay to use something for a short period 租，租用
• How much would it cost to hire a car for a fortnight? 租一辆车两个礼拜要多少钱？
• You could always hire a dress for the ball if you can't afford to buy one. 如果你买不起舞会礼服，起码可以租一套。
 ESSENTIAL
■to employ someone or pay them to do a particular job 雇，雇用
• I was hired by the first company I applied to. 我应征的第一家公司雇用了我。
• [+ to infinitive] We ought to hire a public relations consultant to help improve our image. 我们应该雇用一位公共关系顾问来提升我们的形象。
UK [haɪər] US [haɪr] UK
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hire sth/sb out
■to allow someone to use something or someone temporarily in exchange for money （短期）出租
• How much do you charge for hiring out a bicycle for a week? 租一辆脚踏车一个星期需要多少钱？
• [R] He's decided to go freelance and hire him self out as a technical writer. 他决定做自由作家，从事科技文章撰稿。
UK [haɪər] US [haɪr] UK
noun uncountable
■when you arrange to use something by paying for it 租用
• The price includes flights and car hire. 此价格包含机票和租车的费用。
• There's a camping shop in town that has tents for hire (= available to be hired) at £10 a week. 城里有家露营用品店有帐篷可供出租，费用为每周十英镑。
engage, employ, hire
这组词都有“雇用”的意思，其区别是：
engage: 可与hire换用，特指雇用专业人员。
employ: 正式用词，侧重受雇者虽为薪金而工作，但工作固定共享有相当尊严。
hire: 普通用词，常指短期或长期雇用某人从事某一特定工作或一次性的工作，含强调为薪金而工作的意味。
charter, let, lease, rent, hire
这组词都有“租，租用”的意思，其区别是：
charter: 指承租大型运输工具，如飞机、轮船、大客车以及火车等。
let: 尤指出租房屋或地产等。
lease: 指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其它不动产。
rent: 在英国指较长时间租出或租入房屋、商店或土地；而在美国指长时间或短时期租用各种资产以及日用东西。
hire: 多指短期租用。在英国一般指租用车、船。
n. 雇用，租用；租金，工钱
 - employment, rental, letting
vt. 雇用；出租
 - rent, employ
vi. 雇用，租用；受雇
 - take on

Word: backward
Front: backward
[ˈbækwəd] (高研四托雅 5204/8489 -K2)
Vocabulary: backward
(once / 343 pages)
1advadj 2adj
Backward means "toward the rear" or "behind." It’s the opposite of forward. If you stop peddling your bike on a hill, you’ll start rolling backward. If you count backward from 10 to 1, you probably just hypnotized someone.
When you go backward, you move in reverse. You might give a backward glance at a person as you walk away. Backward also means "slow," or "behind the times," as in a backward government that doesn't allow girls to go to school. If you wear your clothes backward, then you’re dressing like Kris Kross, the hip-hop duo from the 90s. The Old English roots are on bæc, "back," and -weard, "toward." Backwards (with an “s”) is primarily British usage.
WORD FAMILY
backward: backwarder, backwardest, backwardly, backwardness+/backwardness: backwardnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will be questions, too, about whether this season should be seen as a step backward.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Rousey showed little defensive acumen as she staggered and stumbled backward with Nunes relentlessly pursuing her and landing 27 punches in the brief bout.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
“I’m bending over backward, and nobody’s not even doing anything,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 向后的; 反向的; 怯生生的; 落后的
adv. 向后地; 相反地; 回溯地
分布：向后的(47%)，落后的(33%)，向后(20%)
→back, 后。-ward, 动词后缀，转，同verse.
向后的(back后边)[-ward表形容词+副词"向…" 注:ward可变成wards,但只能作副词用]
a.向后的,倒行的;迟钝的ad.向后,朝反方向The backward man lacks black background.落后的男子缺少黑色背景.
US [-wɚd] adjective
NOT CLEVER/MODERN 迟缓
■not advanced 落后的；迟缓的；愚钝的
• When he was a child, his teachers thought he was backward (= unable to learn as much as most children). 小时候，老师认为他愚笨迟钝。
• People still think of it as a backward country/region/area (= one without industry or modern machines). 人们仍然认为这是一个落后的国家／地区。
UK ['bæk.wəd] US [-wɚd] adjective
OPPOSITE DIRECTION 相反方向
■towards the direction which is the opposite to the one in which you are facing 向后的，与面对方向相反的
• She left without a backward glance. 她头也不回地离去了。
• He did a brilliant backward somersault. 他做了一个漂亮的后空翻。
UK ['bæk.wəd] US [-wɚd] adjective
be backward in coming forward
■to be shy and not often express wishes or opinions 羞怯畏缩；不善于表达
• I'm sure Matt will tell you what he thinks of the idea - he's not usually backward in coming forward. 我相信马特会告诉你他对于这个观点的看法——他一向很直爽。
UK ['bæk.wəd] US [-wɚd] adverb US for
■ backwards 1
hind, backward, behind, back
这组词都有“在后，向后”的意思，其区别是：
hind: 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
backward: 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
behind: 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。
back: 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
adj. 向后的；反向的；发展迟缓的
 - retarded, inverted
adv. 向后地；相反地
 - contrary, counter

Word: trainee
Front: trainee
[ˌtreɪˈni:] (10931/4756 -1)
Back: n. 受训练的人[动物]; 新兵; 练习生，实习生
分布：实习生(66%)，新兵(12%)，练习生(12%)，训练中的动物(10%)
→train,训练，-ee,表被动人。
受训练者(train训练)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■a person who is learning and practising the skills of a particular job 受培训者；实习生，见习生
• a trainee dentist/electrician 实习牙医／电工
n. [经管] 练习生，实习生；受训者；新兵；训练中的动物
 - internship, recruit

Word: condition
Front: condition
[kənˈdɪʃn] (中高研四六托雅 629/399 -K5)
Vocabulary: condition
(once / 29 pages)
1nv 2nv
A medical problem or illness can be referred to as a condition. Your skin condition isn't contagious, but it still looks bad — scabby and scaly. You won't even need makeup to dress as a zombie for Halloween.
A condition is also a requirement or prerequisite for something. As a condition of your acceptance to college, you may have to maintain certain grades and do well on a standardized test. Condition can refer as well to the state or quality of something. The condition of your apartment building might be so appalling that your mail carrier has stopped delivering your mail.
WORD FAMILY
condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition+/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether it’s simple dry skin or a specific skin condition, try these tips:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
He spoke on the condition of anonymity because he is not authorized to speak publicly by his agency.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A senior DHS official, speaking on the condition of anonymity to discuss a sensitive security matter, defended the report.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 状态; 环境; 健康状况; 条款
vt. 制约; 限制; 使习惯于; 使适应
vt. & vi. 对…具有重要影响; 影响（某事发生的方式）; 保持（头发或皮肤等的）健康; 养护
时态：conditioned, conditioning, conditions
分布：条件(69%)，情况(23%)，决定(4%)，训练(3%)，以 ... 为条件(1%)
→来自法语。con-, 强调。-dit, 说，词源同dictate, dictionary. 字母c脱落比较benefit, benefactor. 原指描述的情况，规定的情况，后指客观情况。
条件(con共同+dit+ion→共同给出的[条件])[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
n.条件,状况,环境vt.决定;支配;训练The drug trafficker is concerned about the condition of the traditional concert.毒品贩子担心传统音乐会的状况.
noun
STATE 状态
 ESSENTIAL [S or U]
■the particular state that something or someone is in 状况；状态
• Mum's still got our pram - it's very old, but it's in perfect condition. 妈妈还留着我们的婴儿车——虽然很旧了，但仍然完好。
• They left the flat in a terrible condition - there was mess everywhere. 他们把公寓房间弄得一团糟——到处一片狼藉。
• The hospital say her condition (= state of health) is improving slowly. 医院说她的健康状况正在慢慢好转。
• He's in no condition (= He is too ill or too drunk) to drive home. 他的状况根本不能自己开车回家。
conditions [plural]
 IMPROVER
■the physical situation that someone or something is in and affected by 物质条件；情况；实际环境
• weather conditions 天气条件
• working conditions 工作条件
• The prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions. 犯人们被关押在条件异常恶劣的地方。
• Under what conditions do plants grow best? 植物在甚么条件下生长得最好？
 ADVANCED countable
■any of different types of diseases 疾病
• to suffer from a heart/skin condition 患有心脏／皮肤病
• a medical condition 内科疾病
out of condition
■not healthy enough for hard physical exercise, as a result of not taking part in sport or other physical activities （由于不参加锻炼或其他体力活动而）身体状况不佳，不在状态
[kən'dɪʃ.ən] noun
AGREED LIMIT 约定的限制
 IMPROVER countable
■an arrangement that must exist before something else can happen （协定的）条件，前提，条款
• One of the conditions in the contract is that we don't build on the land. 合同条款之一是我们不在这片土地上建造楼房。
• We're not in a position to make/set any conditions - we'll have to accept what they offer us. 我们没有资格提出任何条件——我们只能接受他们提供的一切。
• Under the conditions of the agreement, she must vacate the house on 12 July. 根据协定条款，她必须在7月12日腾出这所房子。
on (the) condition that
■only if 只要；条件是
• I'll come to the party on the condition that you don't wear those ridiculous trousers! 我会参加聚会，条件是你不要穿那条丢人现眼的裤子！
[kən'dɪʃ.ən] verb transitive
■to train or influence a person or animal mentally so that they do or expect a particular thing without thinking about it 训练；使习惯于；使适应；使（人或动物）形成条件反射
• a conditioned reflex/response 条件反射／反应
• [+ to infinitive] Pavlov conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell. 巴甫洛夫透过训练使狗一听到铃声就流口水。
• Women were conditioned to expect lower wages than men. 女性以前习惯于接受比男性低的工资。
[kən'dɪʃ.ən] verb transitive
■to try to improve the quality or appearance of your hair, skin, etc. by putting a conditioner on it （使用护发或护肤品）改善，保养（发质、皮肤等）
condition, terms
这两个名词均有“条件”之意。
condition: 通常指为实现许诺、协议、计划、合同等而订出的必须遵守或满足的作为前提的条件或要求。
terms: 指谈判或订立合同等时，一方或双方提出或同意的条件。
circumstance, status, condition, state, situation
这组词都有“状况、情况”的意思，其区别是：
circumstance: 多指周围的情况或某事发生时的情况。
status: 指一个人在政治、社会、经济、法律上的地位或身份，暗含地位显要意味。也可用于指政治等事态的状况。
condition: 一般强调产生影响的原因或环境，复数形式指笼统的情况。
state: 普通用词，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式。
situation: 指明确具体的环境情况或处境。
n. [数] 条件；情况；环境；身分
 - circumstance, situation, context, qualification, thing
vt. 使适应；使健康；决定；以…为条件
 - adapt, suit, season, conclude

Word: childbirth
Front: childbirth
[ˈtʃaɪldbɜ:θ] (10922/9947 -1)
Back: n. 分娩; 生产
分布：分娩(100%)
US [-bɝ:θ] noun uncountable
■the act of giving birth to a baby 分娩，生产
• A great number of women used to die in childbirth. 过去许多妇女死于分娩。
n. [妇产] 分娩
 - delivery, labour

Word: smother
Front: smother
[ˈsmʌðə(r)] (托雅宝 10923/11182 -1)
Vocabulary: smother
(once / 680 pages)
vn
To smother is to overwhelm or suffocate. If you've ever had a boyfriend or girlfriend who calls you twenty five times an hour to check up on you, then you know what it means to be smothered by someone.
The word smother literally means to deprive of oxygen, so it can be used to refer to someone who gets suffocated by a pillow. In everyday conversation, the word is often used to refer to the act of making someone feel like they’re being deprived of oxygen or personal space. If you have a mother who likes to smother you by asking where you're going every time you see her, then it's likely you’re already dreaming of moving out!
WORD FAMILY
smother: smothered, smotherer, smothering, smothers+/smothering: smotheringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ended it smothered in bruises, boos and the most basic of questions.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The chicken is seared, braised and pulled, then smothered in something called Miami salsa – yoghurt, mint, coriander and a few other ingredients.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Paris this month experienced its worst air-pollution episode in a decade, with a thick blanket of ugly air smothering the City of Light for days.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. （使）窒息，（使）透不过气; 遮掩; 抑制
n. 窒息物; 浓烟，浓雾
时态：smothered, smothering, smothers
分布：窒息(48%)，闷死(25%)，忍住(17%)，用沙等闷住火(5%)，厚厚地或大面积地覆盖(5%)
→缩写自中古英语 smorthre,浓烟，来自古英语 smorian,使窒息，闷死，-ian,表动词，来自 Proto-Germanic*smurona,窒息，闷死，词源可能同 smolder.-ther,工具格后缀，比较 tether,mother. 引申比喻义抑制，扼杀。
【记】读：s死，mother－使窒息
US [-ɚ] verb transitive
COVER 闷死
■to kill someone by covering their face so that they cannot breathe 闷死，使窒息
• They threatened to smother the animals with plastic bags. 他们威胁要用塑胶袋把这些动物闷死。
■to kill something by covering it and preventing it from receiving the substances and conditions it needs for life 摧残，扼杀
• Snow soon smothered the last of the blooms. 不久大雪便扼杀了最后的花朵。
• figurative I tried desperately to smother a sneeze (= I tried not to sneeze) during his speech. 他发言的时候，我努力控制自己不打喷嚏。
■to stop a fire from burning by covering it with something which prevents air from reaching it 把（火）闷熄
• I threw a blanket over the cooker to smother the flames. 我丢了一条毯子盖在炉子上，把火闷熄。
UK ['smʌð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
NOT DEVELOP 不发展
■to prevent something from developing or growing freely 抑制；扼杀
• The latest violence has smothered any remaining hopes for an early peace agreement. 最新的暴力事件扼杀了及早缔结和平协定的仅存希望。
■to give someone too much love and attention so that they feel they have lost their independence and freedom 过分关心爱护，溺爱
• I think she broke off their engagement because she felt smothered by him. 我想她解除婚约是因为她感觉他的爱快要让她窒息了。
UK ['smʌð.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  smother sth in/with sth
■to cover something completely with a substance or objects 用…覆盖
• She took a slice of chocolate cake and smothered it in cream. 她拿起一块巧克力蛋糕，在上面涂满了鲜奶油。
vt. 使窒息；抑制；（用灰等）闷熄；忍住
 - control, stay, restrain, resist
vi. 窒息；被抑制；闷死
 - choke
n. 窒息状态；令人窒息的浓烟
 - asphyxiant

Word: faint
Front: faint
[feɪnt] (研四六托雅 4117/3694 -K2)
Vocabulary: faint
(once / 77 pages)
1adj 2vnadj 3adj
Something faint has no courage or vigor. If you suddenly round the corner and see a gang of bullies staring straight at you, chances are you'll feel faint.
Faint comes from the French feindre, for being cowardly or shirking duties. We usually use it to mean without great strength. If you faint, you pass out, from low blood supply to your brain. If you feel faint, you feel weak. Faint also means dim or vague. If you're staring out to sea, you might see the faint outline of an approaching ship. If you really can't remember the answer to something, say you "haven't the faintest idea."
WORD FAMILY
faint: fainted, fainter, faintest, fainting, faintingly, faintly, faintness, faints+/faintness: faintnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Afterward, Obama expressed his hope, however faint, that Trump’s Presidency would be “successful.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And at last, on the ruddy faces of the five spectators, faint smiles appeared.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 微弱的，模糊的; 软弱的; 无勇气的; 将昏倒似的
vi. 头晕，昏过去; 渐渐不明，消失
n. 昏厥，昏倒
时态：fainted, fainting, faints
分布：微弱的(53%)，昏倒(15%)，模糊的(14%)，昏厥(13%)，无力的(5%)
→来自古法语feint, 来自feign, 假装，虚构，欺骗。引申词义底气不足的，微弱的，虚弱的。
a.微弱的;不明显的;暗淡的n./v.昏倒;昏晕I hint that the faint saint painted the printer with a pint of paint.我暗示说虚弱的圣徒用了一品脱油漆涂印刷机.
【反】stentorian（adj 声音洪亮的）
adjective
SLIGHT 轻微的
 ADVANCED
■not strong or clear; slight 微弱的；不清晰的；微小的
• a faint sound/noise/smell 微弱的声音／隐约的声响／淡淡的气味
• The lamp gave out a faint glow. 灯发出微弱的光。
• She gave me a faint smile of recognition. 她认出了我，向我淡淡一笑。
• There's not the faintest hope of ever finding him. 没有丝毫找到他的希望。
• She bears a faint resemblance to my sister. 她和我姐姐长得有点像。
• I have a faint suspicion that you may be right! 我隐约觉得你可能是对的！
not have the faintest idea informal
■used to emphasize that you do not know something 根本不知道
• "Is she going to stay?" "I haven't the faintest idea." “她要留下来吗？”“我一点也不知道。”
• I haven't the faintest idea what you're talking about! 我根本不知道你在说甚么！
[feɪnt] adjective
BECOMING UNCONSCIOUS 快要晕倒似的
feel faint
■to feel weak, as if you are about to become unconscious 虚弱无力；感到晕眩；快要晕倒似的
• She felt faint with hunger. 她饿得头昏眼花。
[feɪnt] adjective
Faint heart never won fair lady. old-fashioned saying
■used to tell someone that they must make a lot of effort if they want to achieve something difficult 要想啃下硬骨头，必须费点力气。／一分耕耘，一分收获。
[feɪnt] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to suddenly become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down 昏厥；晕倒
• He faints at the sight of blood. 他一见血就晕。
• I nearly fainted in the heat. 我差点热得昏了过去。
• She took one look at the hypodermic needle and fainted (dead) away (= became unconscious immediately). 她一看到注射针头就昏了过去。
[feɪnt] noun only singular
■when someone suddenly becomes unconscious 昏厥
• On receiving the news, she fell into a dead faint. 听到消息，她昏死过去。
faint, fragile, weak, feeble
faint: a.虚弱的，眩晕的，指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱，通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。
 • The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.   夏天的阳光太强烈了，她感觉到眩晕。
fragile: a.脆弱的，易碎的，指物体容易打碎，或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。
 • That dish is fragile, so be careful.   那个盘子容易碎，所以千万小心。
weak: a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个，既可以指身体虚弱的，无力的，也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。
 • The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.   病人在失血，身体开始虚弱下去。
feeble: a.虚弱的，无力的，常用来形容人的声音或行为。
 • The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.   这个老太太已经很虚弱了，无法照顾她自己。
faint, dim, indefinite, vague, obscure, ambiguous
这组词都有“不明确的，模糊的”的意思，其区别是：
faint: 指对某事物印象不深，或指声音微弱或希望的渺茫等。
dim: 侧重指或因光线暗淡，或因年代久远、身体欠佳等因素而产生视觉或察觉方面的困难。
indefinite: 指无明确定义或限定，重点或总体轮廓不明确。
vague: 多指因语言不确切，太笼统或因构思含糊、不完善而造成模糊难解。
obscure: 语气最强，指晦涩难懂。
ambiguous: 指文章或讲话中，意思可能有多种理解，令人捉摸不定。
adj. 模糊的；头晕的； [医] 虚弱的；衰弱的
 - fuzzy, weak, dark, vague
vi. 昏倒；变得微弱；变得没气力
 - pass out, flake out
n. [中医] 昏厥，昏倒
 - asphyxy, swound

Word: spoon
Front: spoon
[spu:n] (中高研四六托 4339/6114 -K2)
Back: n. 匙，调羹; 一匙的量; 匙状物，匙桨
vt. 用汤匙舀取; 向上击
vi. 轻轻向上击; 用匙状假饵钓鱼; 痴爱，迷恋
时态：spooned, spooning, spoons
分布：匙(78%)，调羹(15%)，匙状物(3%)，以匙舀起(2%)，调情(2%)
→来自中古英语 spone,勺，匙，木片，来自古英语 spon,木片，削片，来自 Proto-Germanic*spenuz, 木片，削片，来自 spe,长木条，词源同 spade.
n.匙,调羹By the spoon you'll soon see the smooth tooth of the moon above the booth.借助勺子你可以立刻看到电话亭上方月亮的光滑牙齿.
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■an object consisting of a round hollow part and a handle, used for mixing, serving and eating food 匙，杓；调羹
 ESSENTIAL
■(used as a combining form) 用作构词成分
• a soup spoon 汤匙
• a teaspoon 茶匙
■(also spoonful)
■an amount held in a particular spoon 一匙的量
• a couple of spoons of sauce 几匙酱汁
[spu:n] verb transitive + adverb or preposition
■to move something, especially food, using a spoon 用匙盛；用杓舀
• He spooned the mush into the baby's open mouth. 他用杓舀了玉米粥喂到婴儿张开的嘴里。
• Spoon a little sauce over the fish. 用调羹舀一点调味汁淋到鱼上。
n. 匙，勺子；一杓的量
 - scooper

Word: refund
Front: refund
[ˈri:fʌnd] (研托雅 10901/12042 -2)
Vocabulary: refund
(once / 1377 pages)
vn
To refund is to give money back, especially when someone isn't satisfied with an item they bought or the service they got. If you complain that your restaurant food is undercooked, the manager may refund your money.
When you don't actually get what you paid for, you deserve a refund, or a repayment of the money you spent. Most businesses will refund money to unhappy customers, and when you return something — like a pair of pants that doesn't fit — you'll also get a refund. The verb came before the noun, and it originally meant "to pour back," from the Latin root fundere, "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
refund: refunded, refunding, refunds+/ fund: funded, funding, funds, refund /funded: unfunded/ funding: fundings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He received a ticket, followed by debt collection notices, but after more than a year in dispute received £350 in refunds and compensation.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
So be ready to ask for your “automatic” refund and check a box for a true refund to your credit or debit card.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 资金偿还; 偿还数额
vt. 退还; 归还或偿还
vi. 进行偿还
时态：refunded, refunding, refunds
分布：退款(58%)，退还(33%)，偿还(9%)
→re-,向后，往回，-fund,流入，词源同 foundry,fusion.即流回，引申词义退款，返还。
n.归还,偿还额,退款v.退还,偿还,偿付He refunded the money to me.他把钱还给我.
noun countable /ˈriː.fʌnd/
■an amount of money that is given back to you, especially because you are not happy with a product or service that you have bought （尤指因为对购买的产品或服务不满意而追回的）退款，返还款，偿还金额
• I took the radio back to the shop and asked for/demanded/got/was given a refund. 我把收音机拿回商店，让他们退款／坚决要求店方退款／得到了退款／他们给我办理了退款。
verb transitive /ˌrɪˈfʌnd/
■to give someone a refund 退还；退（款）；偿付
• When I went on business to Peru, the office refunded my expenses. 我到秘鲁出差，费用由事务所报销。
• [+ two objects] The holiday was cancelled so the travel agency had to refund everybody the price of the tickets. 渡假取消了，所以旅行社不得不把票款退还给所有人。
vi. 退还； [金融] 偿还，归还
 - return, hand back
vt. 退还； [金融] 偿还；付还
 - replace, tender
n. 退款； [金融] 偿还， [会计] 偿还额
 - payment, repayment

Word: Islamist
Front: Islamist
['ɪzləmɪst] (10893/-)
Back: n. 伊斯兰教主义者；回教教徒
分布：回教教徒(100%)
N-COUNT
伊斯兰教徒
An Islamist is someone who believes strongly in Islamic ideas and laws.
例：It was clear that there was significant support for the Islamists.显然伊斯兰教徒获得了相当多的支持。
例：...an Islamist regime.伊斯兰政权

Word: backstage
Front: backstage
[ˌbækˈsteɪdʒ] (10925/19724 -1)
Vocabulary: backstage
(once / 5691 pages)
nadvadj
Backstage is the area of a theater where the actors wait until it's time to walk onstage and play their parts. The audience can't see what's going on backstage.
If you get a backstage pass at a rock concert, it means you'll get to go behind the scenes once the show is over, and possibly meet the musicians in person. Many people who are involved in a show, performance, or play stay backstage the whole time: costume designers, makeup directors, and set painters, for example. The word is also sometimes used in a figurative way to mean "secret" or "behind the scenes."
WORD FAMILY
backstage: backstages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage, he gravely smoothed his lapels, now a matter of concern.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Helpmate, backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 后台; 秘密地; 背地里; 在幕后
分布：在后台(67%)，向后台(33%)
/-'-] adjective adverb
■in the area behind the stage in a theatre, especially the rooms in which actors change their clothes or where equipment is kept 后台的，幕后的；在后台，在幕后
• We went backstage after the show to meet the actors. 演出结束后我们去后台跟演员们见面。
• backstage workers 幕后工作人员
■If something happens backstage, it is not generally known about 秘密的（地）
• The organizers say it's a fair contest but who knows what goes on backstage? 筹划者说这是一场公平的比赛，但谁知道幕后真相如何？

Word: stairwell
Front: stairwell
[ˈsteəwel] (10951/22649)
Back: n. 楼梯井
分布：楼梯井(100%)
→stair,楼梯，well,井。
US ['ster-] noun countable
■a long vertical passage through a building around which a set of stairs is built （建筑物内的）楼梯井

Word: propensity
Front: propensity
[prəˈpensəti] (托宝 10887/12005 -1)
Vocabulary: propensity
(once / 1375 pages)
n
A propensity is a natural tendency to behave in a certain way. We all have propensities — things we tend to do. Dogs have a propensity to bark, and many people have a propensity for getting annoyed by it.
If you have a propensity for something, then it's something that comes naturally to you or something you just do a lot. Some people have a propensity to laugh. Other people have a propensity for making others laugh, or for being generous, or for getting angry. It's hard to change your propensities. Sometimes a propensity is a bad thing, as in a criminal with a propensity for theft or murder.
WORD FAMILY
propensity: propensities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For human beings, reliable changes occur between day and night in hunger, body temperature, sleep propensity, hormone production, activity level, metabolic rate and more.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
They share inside jokes, an obsession with literature, leftover stew on occasion and a propensity for being in the right place at the right time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
And it highlights Trump’s propensity to double down on his original statements even as his advisers seek to shift the focus to other issues.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 倾向，习性，癖好，偏爱
分布：倾向(87%)，习性(13%)
→pro-,向前，-pens,悬挂，依靠，词源同depend,pension.引申词义倾向，习性。
倾向;习性(pro前+pens+ity→重量偏向一边→倾向)[pend,pens,pond=weight,expend,表示"称重量,称银子",引申为"花费"]
【记】pro前，pens挂，ity－提前挂在心里－癖好
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）
US [-sə.tˌi] formal
noun only singular
■a tendency towards a particular way of behaving, especially a bad one （尤指不良的）倾向，嗜好，癖好
• [+ to infinitive] She's inherited from her father a propensity to talk too much. 她从她父亲那里遗传了话多的毛病。
• He's well-known for his natural propensity for indiscretion. 他天生粗心的毛病是出了名的。
n. [心理] 倾向，习性；癖好，偏爱
 - tendency, liability, behaviour, trend, habit

Word: horde
Front: horde
[hɔ:d] (托 10933/10079 -1)
Vocabulary: horde
(once / 1028 pages)
n
Use the word horde to describe a large crowd: “A horde of people followed Newman as he left the airport in Helsinki.”
The noun horde is not for the sedate — the word typically is used to describe a group that is in motion, maybe even a little unruly, such as a horde of fans pursuing a film star or a horde of ants invading a picnic. If you are describing a calm, orderly gathering, the word group or crowd may be a better choice. You can save horde for the next time you need to describe, for example, your experience at a pre-Christmas sale (“A horde of holiday shoppers rushed toward the last discounted television set”).
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
hoard / horde
To hoard is to squirrel stuff away, like gold bricks or candy wrappers. A horde is a crowd of people, usually, but it can also be a gang of mosquitoes, robots, or rabid zombie kittens.
If you gather all the info you can about hoard, and store it away for later, you'll find it comes from the word for "hidden treasure." When you hoard something, you are collecting lots of material, usually of value, in secret. You store these things in case you need them later. It's a noun and a verb. Hoarding canned goods and batteries before a hurricane is smart. Not throwing out that hoard of old playground equipment in your yard, not so smart. Here's some hoarding from the news:
American firms continue to hoard cash and overall bank deposits soar despite rock-bottom interest rates. (New York Times)
Clippings and advertisements for free samples were hoarded and quickly posted. (Lauren Ann Isaacson)
Every one is given at least one talent for use; not to hide and hoard away. (Louise Vescelius-Sheldon)
A horde, on the other hand, is a busy mob, like the one that chases Frankenstein's monster with torches. Hordes are often roving and mad. Horde is usually derogatory and should be use with care. Here are some hordes from the news:
In China, it means angry hordes parading victims wearing dunce caps through the streets before stringing them up in public squares. (Time)
As darkness fell, women illuminated by wood fires stirred vats of couscous and beef stew for the hordes of visitors. (New York Times)
The only reason people get these words confused is that they sound. Remember, there's an "a" in hoard and "gather." Horde is just a wild bunch of letters holding pitchforks.
WORD FAMILY
horde: hordes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rowdy bars with beer pong games exist alongside hordes of strollers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is really satisfying to build up a critical mass of protesters and stop a horde of riot cops.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Needless to say, hordes show up to audition.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 一大群; 游牧部落
分布：群(67%)，游牧部落(26%)，移动群(7%)
→来自土耳其语ordu,军队，营寨。引申词义一大群人。
US [hɔ:rd] noun often disapproving
countable
■a large group of people （人）群
• Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult. 一群群学生骑着脚踏车鱼贯而行，弄得别人过马路都很困难。
in their hordes informal
■in very great numbers 一大批
• When they heard the concert was free, they came in their hordes. 当听到音乐会是免费的时候，人们大批地涌来。
n. 一大群，群；游牧部落
 - cluster, cloud, gang

Word: jeep
Front: jeep
[dʒi:p] (高 9569/8186 -1)
Vocabulary: jeep
(once / 3718 pages)
n
A jeep is a rugged car made for driving in difficult conditions, like unpaved roads and across sand. Many military vehicles are jeeps.
Jeeps were originally developed for use on Army bases — they're hardy little cars with four-wheel drive that can handle rough terrain. A jeep is sometimes called a "light utility vehicle." It's quicker and smaller than a truck or larger utility vehicle, and most jeeps are now owned by civilians. If the word is capitalized, it's the specific, trademarked brand of cars. Jeep was originally Army slang from the 1940s, a blending of G.P., or "general purpose vehicle."
WORD FAMILY
jeep: jeeps
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We drove two American soldiers to a valley in an American jeep to find a Christmas tree,” he wrote.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He then returned there a few minutes later and suddenly bolted from the Jeep and ran toward the girls, ages 14 and 15.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Jim provided the lights by parking his Jeep near the pool.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 吉普车
分布：吉普车(100%)
→来自军事用语缩写词G.P.,全称为general purpose car.受当时流行的漫画人物大力英雄Eugene the Jeep影响，最终变成了jeep.
[dʒi:p] trademark
noun countable
■a small strong vehicle used for travelling over rough ground, especially by the army （尤指军队用的）吉普车，越野车
car, bus, truck, lorry, coach, automobile, jeep, carriage, waggon
这些名词都与“车”有关。
car: 多指乘坐人的小汽车或轿车。
bus: 一般指公共汽车或大型客车。
truck: 与lorry同义，都指卡车或货车，前者为美国用词，后者用于英国。
coach: 原义指四轮马车，现指轿式汽车，长途公共汽车，还可指火车设有卧铺的车厢。
automobile: 是汽车的总称。
jeep: 吉普车，指一种小型轻便、适合在崎岖路面或野外使用的车子。
carriage: 指马车，两匹或两匹以上马拉的四轮马。
waggon: 指四轮运货马车或牛车，也指铁路的无盖货车。

Word: auditory
Front: auditory
[ˈɔ:dətri] (托 10885/16725)
Vocabulary: auditory
(once / 5356 pages)
adj
If you describe something as auditory, it is related to the process of hearing. If someone says "Surrender Dorothy" and you hear "Where's the laundry," you have an auditory problem.
The word auditory is based on the Latin word audire, meaning to hear. If you have an auditory processing disorder, you may have trouble discerning conversation in a noisy room, or hear a ringing sound at all times. Some teachers think there's something wrong with their students' auditory capacity, but actually they're just being ignored.
WORD FAMILY
auditory
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Every time it circulates through the auditory canals of most Alabamians, an extra letter resonates profanely.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Auditory and speech processing areas then "lit up" and changed their pattern of activity over time, apparently tuning in to the words among the distortion.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 听觉的，听觉器官的
n. 听众; 礼堂
分布：听觉的(68%)，听众(20%)，听众席(12%)
US ['ɑ:-] specialized
adjective
■of or about hearing 听的；听觉的
• It's an artificial device which stimulates the auditory areas of the brain. 这是个用来刺激大脑听觉区域的人工装置。
n. 听众；礼堂
 - listener, assembly room
adj. [生理] 听觉的；耳朵的
 - acoustic, aural

Word: synthesize
Front: synthesize
[ˈsɪnθəsaɪz] (六托 10905/17022 -1)
Vocabulary: synthesize
(once / 8330 pages)
v
When you synthesize, you combine two or more things to create something more complex. It's becoming more common for doctors these days to synthesize Eastern and Western approaches to medicine.
While synthesize was first used in 1830, scientists and inventors were doing what it means long before that, mixing stuff together to create new materials and products. Medical researchers chemically synthesize chemicals every day in the lab, hoping to create the next wonder drug. When you write a research paper on a given topic, you must find and synthesize information related to that topic, so you can understand what it means and structure an argument in support of your thesis.
WORD FAMILY
synthesize: synthesized, synthesizer, synthesizes, synthesizing+/ synthesis: syntheses, synthesise, synthesises, synthesist, synthesize, synthetical/synthesise: synthesised, synthesiser, synthesising/synthesiser: synthesisers/synthesist: synthesists/synthesizer: synthesizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We synthesize the world’s best experts,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the mid-19th century, Richard Wagner codified the idea with the term Gesamtkunstwerk, meaning synthesizing multiple art forms in one piece, engaging all the senses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As soon as one substance is banned, chemists synthesize slightly different, and technically legal, molecules and sell that substance online, delivery to U.S. doorstops guaranteed.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 综合; 人工合成; （通过化学手段或生物过程）合成; （音响）合成
vi. 合成; 综合
时态：synthesized, synthesizing, synthesizes
分布：合成(76%)，综合(24%)
→synthesis,综合，合成，-ize,使。
(UK usually synthesise) ['sɪn.θə.saɪz] verb transitive specialized
■to produce a substance chemically in plants or animals 合成
• There are many vitamins that the body cannot synthesize itself. 有很多维他命是人体无法自己合成的。
vt. 合成；综合
 - compound, colligate

Word: alternately
Front: alternately
[ɔ:l'tɜ:nətlɪ] (托 10939/13736)
Back: adv. 轮流地，交替地; 交互; 更番
分布：隔一个地(100%)
V-RECIP-ERG
（使）交替；（使）轮流
When you alternate two things, you keep using one then the other. When one thing alternates with another, the first regularly occurs after the other.
例：Her aggressive moods alternated with gentle or more co-operative states...她情绪多变，时而咄咄逼人，时而又显得温柔平和或乐于合作。
例：The three acts will alternate as headliners throughout the tour...这3个节目将在整个巡回演出中轮流打头牌。
ADJ
交替的；轮流的
Alternate actions, events, or processes regularly occur after each other.
例：They were streaked with alternate bands of colour.它们都带有各种色彩相间的条纹。
ADJ
每隔一（天等）的
If something happens on alternate days, it happens on one day, then happens on every second day after that. In the same way, something can happen in alternate weeks, years, or other periods of time.
例：Lesley had agreed to Jim going skiing in alternate years.莱斯莉已同意吉姆每隔一年去滑一次雪。
ADJ
供选择的；备用的；其他的
You use alternate to describe a plan, idea, or system which is different from the one already in operation and can be used instead of it.
例：His group was forced to turn back and take an alternate route.他的小组被迫返回并选择了另一条路线。
例：...alternate forms of medical treatment.其他可供选择的医疗方案
N-COUNT
代替者；候补者
An alternate is a person or thing that replaces another, and can act or be used instead of them.
例：In most jurisdictions, twelve jurors and two alternates are chosen...大多数辖区都会选出12名陪审员和2名候补陪审员。
例：The six food groups include grain products, vegetables, fruits, milk and milk products, meats and meat alternates, and a miscellaneous group.这6类食物包括谷类产品、蔬菜、水果、牛奶和奶制品、肉类和肉类替代品以及杂类食品。
ADJ
（尤其在美国英语中，当alternative作义项3、4和5解时，代替alternative使用）
Alternate is sometimes used, especially in American English, instead of alternative in meanings 3, 4, and 5.
例：...an alternate lifestyle.另一种生活方式

Word: breathless
Front: breathless
[ˈbreθləs] (高托 10896/8961 -1)
Back: adj. 气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的; （紧张得）屏住气息的; 透不过气的; 死的，气绝的
分布：喘不过气来的(100%)
adjective
■not able to breathe easily 气喘吁吁的，上气不接下气的
• I was breathless after climbing the stairs. 爬完楼梯后我就上气不接下气了。
• That one kiss had left her breathless with excitement. 那一个吻令她心跳得喘不过气来。

Word: infancy
Front: infancy
[ˈɪnfənsi] (研六托 10935/9866 -1)
Vocabulary: infancy
(once / 741 pages)
n
Infancy is the earliest part of a person's life, when they're a baby. It's extremely rare for anyone to remember their own infancy.
An amazing amount of growth and development happens during infancy: babies learn to crawl, laugh, and communicate, among many other things. Infancy is vaguely defined, usually including the time from birth to about one year old. You can also use the word to mean "the very beginning of something," so if your lemonade stand is brand new, it's still in its infancy. The word comes from the Latin infantia, "early childhood," and literally, "inability to speak."
WORD FAMILY
infancy: infancies+/ infant: infancy, infants
USAGE EXAMPLES
The problem, such companies say, is that regulations on the use of drones - and about countering them - are still in their infancy.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Wearable tech, although still in its infancy, is booming, and companies are hunting for advancements.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
"But the rebalancing process is still in its infancy and speculators want to position for that," he added.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 婴儿期，，幼年时代; 初期，摇篮时代; [法]未成年
分布：婴儿期(41%)，幼年(33%)，初期(26%)
→来自infant,婴儿。
noun uncountable
■the time when someone is a baby or a very young child 婴儿期，幼年
• Her youngest child died in infancy. 她最小的孩子在幼年时夭折了。
be in its infancy
■to be very new and still developing 在初期，在早期
• The system is still in its infancy. 这个体系尚处于初期发展阶段。
n. 初期；婴儿期； [地质] 幼年
 - morning, prime

Word: uncanny
Front: uncanny
[ʌnˈkæni] (托宝 10910/14081 -1)
Vocabulary: uncanny
(once / 1466 pages)
adj
If something is uncanny, it is so mysterious, strange, or unfamiliar that it seems supernatural. If you hear strange music echoing through your attic, you might refer to it as positively uncanny.
You can also use uncanny to refer to something that is so remarkable that it is beyond what is natural: as in "uncanny abilities." This adjective was formed in English from the prefix un- "not" and canny "fortunate, safe." The current meaning of English canny is "careful and clever, especially in handling money."
WORD FAMILY
uncanny: uncannily+/ canny: cannier, canniest, cannily, uncanny
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though it aired in March, it bore an uncanny resemblance to the end of 2016: Public scrutiny of a successful woman.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He also imbued the human face and body with uncanny expressiveness and purpose.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There is the juxtaposition of the suburban and the uncanny.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 神秘的; 可怕的; 怪异的; 危险的
级别：uncannier, uncanniest
分布：不可思议的(60%)，神秘的(40%)
→un-, 不，非，can, 能够，知道。即不知道的，异常的。比较canny.
【记】un不，can能，ny：什么都不能干了－不可思议的
【反】ordinary（adj 平常的；普通的）
adjective
■strange or mysterious; difficult or impossible to explain 奇怪的；神秘的；难以（或无法）解释的
• an uncanny resemblance 神秘的相似性
adj. 神秘的；离奇的；可怕的
 - extraordinary, mysterious, terrible

Word: solidify
Front: solidify
[səˈlɪdɪfaɪ] (六托宝 10906/20001)
Vocabulary: solidify
(once / 3862 pages)
v
To solidify is to make something solid, like water becoming ice, or a plan becoming more concrete. If you’re meeting a friend, you should solidify the plan before you go and decide where and what time to meet.
To solidify is to become a solid, like lemonade solidifying into a popsicle, or dissolved sugar solidifying into yummy rock candy. Also, this word can apply to non-physical things. If a couple gets engaged, they're solidifying their relationship. Getting a promotion could solidify your career. Anything becoming firmer or more real is a type of solidifying. In any sense, whatever gets solidified becomes stronger.
WORD FAMILY
solidify: solidification, solidified, solidifies, solidifying+/ solid: semisolid, solid-colored, solidest, solidify, solidity, solidly, solidness, solids/solidification: solidifications/solidity: solidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
S.A.R. wound up beating Frisch, solidifying its status as one of the league’s top teams.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Once your emergency fund is solidified, Cox said, start saving money in a certificate or IRA.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In doing so, however, Mr. Obama also solidified his reputation for using public lands to reward his friends and enrage his enemies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 使凝固，固化; 使结晶; 使团结
vt. 使团结一致; 凝固
vi. 具体化; 团结; 凝固
时态：solidified, solidifying, solidifies
分布：凝固(79%)，使团结(7%)，变固体(7%)，变坚定(7%)
→solid,整个的，固体的，-fy,使。
【记】solid（n 固体；adj 固体的；坚固的）
【参】solid color（n 纯色）
【反】pulverize（v 研磨成粉）
verb intransitive or transitive
NOT LIQUID/GAS 非液体／气体
■to change from being a liquid or gas to a solid form, or to make something do this 固化，凝固（从液体或气体变成固体形式，或使某物变成固体形式）
• Molten volcanic lava solidifies as it cools. 火山熔岩冷却后变成固体。
• The chemical reaction solidifies the resin. 化学反应使树脂凝固变硬。
[sə'lɪd.ɪ.faɪ] verb intransitive or transitive
CERTAIN 确定的
■to become or make something become certain （使）充实；（使）巩固；（使）稳固
• He solidified his commitment to the treaty, giving a forceful speech in favour of it. 他发表谈话表明支持该条约的立场，进一步强调了他信守条约的承诺。
• Support for the policy is solidifying. 对这项政策的支持日益巩固。
vt. 团结；凝固
 - rally, join forces
vi. 团结；凝固
 - league, set, rally

Word: intersect
Front: intersect
[ˌɪntəˈsekt] (研托宝 10941/14941)
Vocabulary: intersect
(once / 1085 pages)
v
When two things intersect, they run into each other, or lie across each other. Your street might intersect with a main avenue, and your life will hopefully intersect with the lives of other interesting people.
In geometry, when a line intersects another line, they meet at exactly one point, and when a circle intersects a line, there are two points where they touch each other. When two streets intersect, you get an intersection, where you'll often find a stop sign or traffic signal. The Latin root of intersect is intersectus, "intersect or cut asunder," which combines inter-, "between," and secare, "to cut."
WORD FAMILY
intersect: intersected, intersecting, intersection, intersects+/intersecting: nonintersecting/ intersection: intersections/ sect: intersect, sectarian, sectarist, sects/ sectarian: nonsectarian, sectarianism, sectarians, unsectarian/sectarianism: sectarianisms/sectarist: sectarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most people consume pop music one song at a time — three minutes or so, or maybe less, depending on how tolerance and quality intersect.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A booming economy in the nineteen-fifties intersected with a demographic lull, resulting in “more job vacancies than there are graduates.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
There are 56 roads that intersect the parade route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 横断，横切，横穿
vt. & vi. （指线条、道路等）相交，交叉
时态：intersected, intersecting, intersects
分布：交叉(67%)，贯穿(33%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-sect,切，词源同dissect,segment.即中间切开，引申词义交叉，横穿。
横断(inter+sect切割→在中间切→横断)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
横切;交叉(inter在中间+sect→在中间切开→横切)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
【记】inter中间，sect切断－从中间切断－如：小路贯穿公园
【参】dissect（v 解剖）；section（n 片断；部分）；intersection（n 交叉点；十字路口）
US [-tˌɚ-] verb
intransitive or transitive
■(of lines, roads, etc.) to cross one another （线条、道路等）（和…）相交，（和…）交叉
• The roads intersect near the bridge. 这些道路在大桥附近相交。
transitive
■to divide an area into smaller parts by crossing it with straight lines 贯穿，横穿
• The gardens are intersected by gravel paths. 这些花园里碎石小道纵横交错。
vi. 相交，交叉
 - cross, cut
vt. 横断，横切；贯穿
 - transect, cross cut

Word: buy
Front: buy
[baɪ] (中高 397/351 -K5)
Vocabulary: buy
(once / 34 pages)
1vn 2v
When you buy something, you pay money in order to own or obtain it. You might buy your mom a big bouquet of flowers for her birthday.
When you buy furniture, food, a car, or candy, you purchase it, exchanging a certain amount of money for it, and when you call something "a buy" or "a steal," it's a real bargain. When you say, "She said she won the lottery, but I don't buy it," you mean that you don't accept that fact as the truth. Even more colloquially, to buy it can also mean "to be killed."
WORD FAMILY
buy: bought, buyer, buying, buys+/buyer: buyers/buying: buyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
We sweetened our offer by agreeing to buy everyone a bottle of the fragrance Empire by Trump.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some fans prefer the "warmth" of the sound compared with digital files, while others buy LPs as souvenirs and works of art.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
We decided we needed a car so we bought one.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 购买，购得
n. 交易，买卖; 便宜货
vt. 够支付; 买通; 收买; 贿赂
时态：bought, buying, buys
分布：买(83%)，购买(14%)，收买(1%)，获得(1%)，便宜货(1%)
→词源不详。
vt.买,买得;向...行贿,收买vi.购买东西I need to buy a new dictionary.我要买一本新的字典.
verb (bought, bought)
PAY FOR 为…付款
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to get something by paying money for it 买，购买
• Eventually she had saved enough money to buy a small car. 她最终存够了买一辆小汽车的钱。
• [+ two objects] He bought his mother some flowers/He bought some flowers for his mother. 他给母亲买了些花。
• There are more people buying at this time of the year so prices are high. 这个季节购物的人比较多，所以价格高昂。
• The company was set up to buy and sell shares on behalf of investors. 成立该公司为的是代表投资者买卖股票。
• I bought my camera from / informal off a friend of mine. 我的相机是从一个朋友处买的。
buy sb's silence
■to pay someone, or do something for someone, so that they do not tell anyone something which they know about and which you want to remain secret （为某人做某事或向某人付款以）封住某人的嘴
• What will we have to do to buy her silence? 为了封住她的嘴我们该怎么办？
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
BELIEVE 相信
transitive slang
■to believe that something is true 相信
• She'll never buy that story about you getting lost! 她决不会相信你迷路的谎话！
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
buy time
■to do something in order to be allowed more time 赢得时间；拖延时间
• He tried to buy time by saying he hadn't been well. 他试图以身体不适为借口来拖延时间。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
sb has bought it slang
■used to say that someone has been killed （某人）被杀，丧生
• "Marvin's bought it!" screamed the sergeant. “马文被杀了！”中士大叫道。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] buy sth in UK
■to buy something for future use and not because you need it now 预先买进
• We bought in lots of tinned food in case of heavy snow. 我们买了许多罐装食品以备大雪时用。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  buy into sth
BELIEVE disapproving
■to completely believe in a set of ideas 完全相信
• I don't buy into all that New Age stuff. 我根本不相信那些甚么新思潮。
BUSINESS
■to buy a part of a business in order to have some control over it 买进某公司的股票以获取对其的部分控制权
• McDowell was trying to buy into the newspaper business. 麦克道尔在试图透过收购方式进入报业。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] buy sb off
■to pay someone so that they do not cause you any trouble 买通，贿赂（某人）
• They tried to buy the guard at the bank off but he told the police and the gang were arrested. 那伙人试图买通银行的保安，但保安报了警，于是他们都被抓了起来。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] buy sb out
■to buy a part of a company or building from someone else so that you own all of it 买断（某人的）股份（或产权）
• Allied Chemicals have been trying to buy out their competitor's share in the target company. 联合化工公司一直在试图买下其竞争对手在他们想要收购的公司的股份。
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] buy yourself out UK
■If you buy yourself out of the armed forces, you pay a sum of money so that you can leave earlier than you had previously agreed to. 出钱以获准提前退役
[baɪ] verb (bought, bought)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] buy sth up
■To buy something up is to buy large amounts of it, or all that is available 大量买进，全数买进
• He bought up all the land in the surrounding area. 他买下了周围地区的全部土地。
[baɪ] noun
a good/bad buy
■to be worth/not be worth the price （买卖）合算／不合算
• This jacket is a really good buy, at £20. 这件夹克真合算，才20英镑。
buy, purchase
这组词都有“购买”的意思，其区别是：
buy: 普通日常用词，既可指日常随意购物也可指大的购买。
purchase: 正式用词，指大宗购货或购买重要东西。无感情色彩，强调物品的购得。
vt. 购买；获得；贿赂
 - acquire, earn, purchase, find, make
n. 购买，买卖；所购的物品
 - purchase, commercial transaction

Word: eyeball
Front: eyeball
[ˈaɪbɔ:l] (10942/15344 -1)
Vocabulary: eyeball
(once / 2855 pages)
nv
Your eyeball is the round, ball-shaped part of your eye. When you go to an eye doctor, she will take a close look at your eyeballs.
Every vertebrate — or animal with a spine — has eyeballs that sit within an eye socket. Your eyeballs are your organs of sight, making it possible for you to see light and color and to focus on the things you're looking at, sending all of these messages to your brain. You can also use the word eyeball, informally, as a verb: "Why do you always eyeball me when I walk by? Is it my strange hat?"
WORD FAMILY
eyeball: eyeballed, eyeballing, eyeballs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The app doesn’t award cash prizes and is seen by the league more as a way to draw eyeballs to TV broadcasts.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But more than the planner, he relied on a not-so-scientific eyeball test.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Eyeball this, ask to die. ‘nuff said,” one user noted in March.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 眼球; 眼珠子
vt. 打量; 盯住看
vi. 仔细打量; 盯着
时态：eyeballed, eyeballing, eyeballs
分布：眼球(85%)，盯着(8%)，眼珠(5%)，打量(2%)
US [-bɑ:l] noun countable
■the whole eye, including the part that cannot usually be seen 眼球
UK ['aɪ.bɔ:l] US [-bɑ:l] noun countable
be up to your eyeballs in sth
■to be very busy with something 忙于做…；做…忙得透不过气
• I'm up to my eyeballs in reports. 我正在写报告，忙得不亦乐乎。
UK ['aɪ.bɔ:l] US [-bɑ:l] noun countable
eyeball to eyeball
■If you are eyeball to eyeball with an enemy or someone you are arguing with, you deal with them in a direct way. 面对面地；怒目相向地；剑拔弩张地
UK ['aɪ.bɔ:l] US [-bɑ:l] verb transitive informal
■to look closely at someone 注视；盯；仔细打量
• He eyeballed me across the bar. 他在酒吧的另一边看着我。
n. [解剖] 眼球；眼珠子
 - augen
vi. 仔细打量；盯着
 - be glued to, take aim at

Word: craftsman
Front: craftsman
[ˈkrɑ:ftsmən] (10938/6128 -1)
Back: n. 工匠; 手艺人; 名匠; 技工
分布：工匠(79%)，手艺人(12%)，技工(9%)
US ['kræfts-] noun countable
■a person who is skilled in a particular craft 工匠，匠人；手艺人
• The plates are hand painted by our finest craftsmen. 这些碟子是由我们最优秀的工匠手工绘制的。
n. [劳经] 工匠；手艺人；技工
 - workman, artisan

Word: forgiving
Front: forgiving
[fəˈgɪvɪŋ] (10930/18673)
Back: adj. 宽大的，宽容的，仁慈的
adv. 宽大地，宽容地，仁慈地
v. 原谅( forgive的现在分词 ); 饶恕; 对不起; 请原谅
分布：宽容的(48%)，宽恕的(44%)，动词forgive的现在分词.(4%)，容许有错误的(4%)
→来自forgive, 原谅，宽容。
US [fɚ-] adjective
■willing to forgive 宽容的，宽宏大量的
• She's very forgiving. 她非常宽宏大量。
■Something which is forgiving allows you to make mistakes or allows for your weaknesses 容许失误的；考虑到弱点的
• They flew back to a cooler and more forgiving climate. 他们飞返一个气候更加凉快怡人的地方。
• The racket has a powerful but forgiving frame which is kind to the arm. 这个球拍的网架既有力，又能起缓冲作用，体贴人的手臂。
adj. 宽恕的；宽容的；宽大的
 - kind, tolerant
v. 原谅；豁免（forgive的ing形式）
 - excusing

Word: methodological
Front: methodological
[ˌmeθədə'lɒdʒɪkl] (10971/9331)
Vocabulary: methodological
(once / 87551 pages)
adj
Use the adjective methodological when you want to describe something that relates to the methods and practices of a certain discipline. As a doctor, you should always follow best methodological practices. If a patient has a headache, don't treat him for a sore foot or vice versa.
The roots of the adjective methodological can be broken into parts. Working backwards, -ical means "of or pertaining to," -ology means "branch of knowledge," and method is from both the Latin and Greek words methodus, meaning "a way of teaching or scientific inquiry." If you don't limit the variables, your research may have poor methodology. If you want to look at genes in blue-eyed people, but you study green-eyed people as well, you will have methodological problems.
WORD FAMILY
methodological: methodologically+/ methodology: methodological, methodologies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Research started up again in the 1990s, but it has been hampered by strict regulations and methodological issues.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
A controversial early draft accused research critics of “methodological terrorism”; it was later revised.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
“The methodological leaders are using things like R markdown,” he says.
Nature(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 方法的，方法论的; 教学法的
分布：方法论的(52%)，方法的(48%)
N-VAR
（进行教学、研究等的）方法论,方法学，一套方法
A methodology is a system of methods and principles for doing something, for example for teaching or for carrying out research.
例：Teaching methodologies vary according to the topic...题目不同，教学法也不一样。
例：In their own work they may have favored the use of methodology different from mine.他们在做自己的工作时，也许更喜欢使用和我不一样的一套方法。

Word: delusion
Front: delusion
[dɪˈlu:ʒn] (六宝 10894/11625 -1)
Vocabulary: delusion
(once / 661 pages)
n
A delusion is a belief that has no evidence in fact — a complete illusion. The cook at the hot dog stand who thinks he is the best chef in the world? That opinion is definitely a delusion.
The noun delusion is often used in the phrase delusions of grandeur, which expresses the belief that unattainable goals are well within reach, like a terrible actress's delusions of grandeur that she won't just land her first role in a movie, it also will make her an Academy Award winner. Delusions like that can be amusing for onlookers, but other kinds of delusions are not, like those suffered by the mentally ill. Their delusions can remove them from reality, making it hard to function.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allusion / illusion / delusion
Novelists, magicians, and other tricksters keep these words busy. Novelists love an allusion, an indirect reference to something like a secret treasure for the reader to find; magicians heart illusions, or fanciful fake-outs; but tricksters suffer from delusions, ideas that have no basis in reality.
Blink and you'll miss it: an allusion is a quick indirect mention of something. It's a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, and extra information in the reader's mind with only a word or two:
Littlemore was not quick at catching literary allusions. (Henry James)
Thomas Paine's writings contain several affectionate allusions to his father, but none to his mother. (Daniel Moncure Conway)
Magicians love to create illusions, or visual tricks, like making a tiger disappear or sawing a person in half. Your eye can be fooled by an optical illusion, and Dorothy and the gang get to the bottom of the Wizard's illusion and discover he's just a regular guy. Illusions aren't always glamorous; sometimes they're just hiding the man behind the curtain:
"We have no illusion that these credits are going to create lots of new jobs," the editorial said. (New York Times)
But while investing in your company's stock might feel safer than betting on the stock market as a whole, that is usually an illusion. (Seattle Times)
Delusions are like illusions but they're meaner. A delusion is a belief in something despite the fact that it's completely untrue. Hence the phrase is delusions of grandeur. People with delusions often wind up on the shrink's couch. Whether you are trying to deceive yourself or someone is trying to deceive you, if you believe the false idea, you have a delusion about reality:
Delusions are closely allied to hallucinations and generally accompany the latter. (Samuel Henry Prince)
Two medical experts had concluded then that the accused gunman suffered from schizophrenia, disordered thinking and delusions. (Reuters)
"Basically, I think he's suffering from delusions of grandeur," he said. (Chicago Tribune)
An allusion shows up in art, while illusions love kids' parties. If you believe something despite reality, you have a delusion.
WORD FAMILY
delusion: delusional, delusions+/ delude: deluded, deludes, deluding, delusion, delusive, delusory/ delusional: delusionally/ delusive: delusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Explainers are very sure of this, nodding in unison while smiling in bemusement at the pathetic delusions of the Trump people.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
We now live in a world of half-hearted Curb imitators, all labouring under the delusion that Curb was nothing but floridly improvised swearwords.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
There were two further novels, Surrender the Pink and Delusions of Grandeur.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 欺骗; 谬见; 错觉; 妄想
分布：妄想(37%)，错觉(34%)，幻觉(16%)，欺骗(13%)
→来自delude, 欺骗。
欺骗(delude的名词)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone believes something that is not true 幻想；错觉
• [+ that] He's under the delusion that he will be promoted this year. 他幻想自己今年会升职。
[dɪ'lu:.ʒən] noun countable or uncountable
delusions of grandeur
■the belief that you are more important or powerful than you really are 自大，自命不凡
n. 迷惑，欺骗；错觉；幻想
 - fraud, befuddlement