Title: COCA-1W-1W2 (part 2)

Word: hideous
Front: hideous
[ˈhɪdiəs] (托宝 10934/9849 -1)
Vocabulary: hideous
(once / 368 pages)
adj
Hideous is a word that means extremely ugly. Anything or anybody that is painful — and a little scary — to look at is hideous.
This is a strong word. If you have a zit on your nose, you might feel hideous, but you're probably not. Only terrifyingly ugly people and things are truly hideous. In horror movies, the special effects team tries to make the monsters hideous, so moviegoers will be scared. This word can also be a more general term for awful things. For example, you could say the effects of a concussion are so severe that they're hideous.
WORD FAMILY
hideous: hideously, hideousness+/hideousness: hideousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sure, the practicalities are hideous – no cabs, endless crowds and queues, quite a lot of mugging – but still!
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It contained a broader truth but in that week was a hideous lie.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Let me be clear from the outset: IVF treatment is far more hideous for women.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人惊骇的; 极其丑陋的，可怕的; 丑恶的，讨厌的; 媸
分布：可怕的(58%)，丑陋的(25%)，可憎的(12%)，令人惊骇的(5%)
→来自古法语hideus,来自hisdos,可怕的，恐怖的，丑陋的，拼写可能受hide影响。或直接来自hide,兽皮，引申词义野兽，野蛮的，丑陋的。
【记】hide（v 躲藏），ous多－因为令人讨厌而总是躲藏起来
【区】heinous（adj 十恶不赦的；可憎的）黑nous
【反】pulchritudinous（adj 美貌标致的）；hideousness－affinity（n 密切关系；吸引力）
adjective
■extremely ugly or bad 极丑的；极坏的
• They've just built some hideous new apartment blocks on the seafront. 他们刚在海滨新盖了一些极为难看的公寓大楼。
• She wears the most hideous colour combinations you could ever imagine. 她的穿着是你能想像到的颜色搭配得最难看的
adj. 可怕的；丑恶的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: aspiring
Front: aspiring
[əˈspaɪərɪŋ] (托 10911/14326 -1)
Vocabulary: aspiring
(once / 1825 pages)
adj
If you're aspiring, you're trying to be something. If you're an aspiring singer, you're probably out booking as many gigs as possible in the hopes that someone will soon discover you.
The adjective aspiring describes a person who wants to succeed at a particular goal, often one related to a career. Many aspiring artists move to New York City in the hopes that they'll get into a major gallery and sell their art. Aspiring country musicians move to Nashville to try to land a recording deal. If you're an aspiring politician, you may study political science and intern at the state senator's offices to gain experience and make connections.
WORD FAMILY
aspiring: aspiringly+/ aspirant: aspirants/ aspiration: aspirations/ aspire: aspirant, aspiration, aspired, aspirer, aspires, aspiring /aspirer: aspirers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Are you aspiring to be rich for all the wrong reasons?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Students aspiring to veterinary education are investing in the hope that it will return value through payment from clients.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Foose wants to hire more minorities, she says, and the system offers programs such as tuition reimbursement and scholarships for aspiring teachers from low-income families.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有志气的; 有抱负的; 高耸的
v. 渴望; 追求
分布：有抱负的(92%)，渴望的(4%)，动词aspire的现在分词形式.(2%)，追求的(2%)
有抱负的(aspire+ing)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
US [-'spaɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
an aspiring actor/politician/writer, etc.
 ADVANCED
■someone who is trying to become a successful actor, politician, writer, etc. 雄心勃勃的演员／政治家／作家等
adj. 有抱负的；追求…的；高耸的
 - soaring, towery

Word: mute
Front: mute
[mju:t] (研四六宝 10937/14663 -2)
Vocabulary: mute
(once / 396 pages)
adjnv
Mute means “silent.” No matter how much you talk to your houseplants, they’ll never talk back; they'll remain mute.
When used as a noun, mute can mean “someone who isn't capable of speech" or “a device that deadens the sound of an instrument.” Mute can also be used as a verb meaning "to make silent.” One might mute the television by pressing a button on the remote, or one might try to mute a loquacious individual. Unfortunately, the technology for that last option doesn’t exist yet.
WORD FAMILY
mute: mutable, muted, mutely, muteness, muter, mutes, mutest, muting+/ immutable: immutability, immutableness, immutably/ mutability: mutabilities/ mutable: immutable, mutability, mutableness, mutably/ muted: mutedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition leaders were muted in their reaction to the announcement of a criminal investigation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Beijing continued to ignore muted international calls for their release.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
A loyal clientele frequents this tiny boutique for jewelry in muted colors and Nordic home accessories like mugs, blankets and plates.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 缄默的; 哑的; 无声的; （字母）不发音的
n. 哑巴; （乐器上的）弱音器
vt. 减轻（声音）; 使…柔和
时态：muted, muting, mutes
分布：沉默的(31%)，哑的(19%)，弱音器(15%)，无声的(14%)，减弱(6%)，减音(5%)，默音字母(5%)，哑子(5%)
→来自拉丁语mutus,安静的，来自希腊语myein,合上，合嘴，来自meue,发嘘声，拟声词。引申词义静音的，不作声的，哑的等。
a.哑的,缄默的n.哑巴;弱音器v.减弱...的声音I acutely and resolutely refuted the brutal persecution of mute commuter.我尖锐而坚决反驳默默的通勤者的野蛮的迫害.
【记】mu木，te特：木头特别容易减弱声音，所以门用木头做。
【反】amplify（v 扩大）
adjective
■(of a person) unable or unwilling to speak, or (of an activity) silent （人）哑的，沉默的；（活动）无声的
• a mute child 哑巴孩子
• The president has remained mute about plans to curtail the number of immigrants. 总统对于减少外来移民人数的方案保持沉默。
• I gazed at her in mute (= silent) admiration. 我默默地凝视着她，心生爱慕之情。
[mju:t] noun countable
■a button or other device on a musical instrument that can be fixed in order to make it quieter 弱音器
■old-fashioned offensive
■a person who is not able to speak 哑巴
[mju:t] verb transitive
■If you mute a noise, you do something to make it less loud 减轻（噪音）
• Double glazing muted the noise of the traffic. 双层玻璃减低了交通噪音。
dumb, mute
这组词都有“哑的，不能说话的”的意思，其区别是：
dumb: 可与mute换用，但dumb指根本没有说话能力或失去了说话能力。
mute: 多指因后天疾病而引起的聋哑，有时也指因故不说话。
adj. 哑的；沉默的； [电影] 无声的
 - silent, dumb
n. 哑巴；弱音器；闭锁音
 - sordino, sourdine

Word: physiology
Front: physiology
[ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒi] (托 10821/12313 -1)
Vocabulary: physiology
(once / 655 pages)
n
Physiology is the branch of biology that deals with the functions and processes of living organisms, both animals and plants. It's biology in motion.
Physiology includes everything from how a single cell functions, to what makes your nerve receptors work, how your pancreas releases insulin, and what happens to your muscles when you exercise. Technology has made for great leaps in the science of physiology. The electron microscope, for instance, allows you to see down to even the molecules of the cell, and radioactive isotopes provide the means to track the movement of substances within an organism.
WORD FAMILY
physiology: physiologic, physiological, physiologies, physiologist+/ physiological: physiologically/physiologist: physiologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
As someone who studies musculoskeletal physiology, I will try to answer these questions.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
She returned to teaching after her resignation and led an undergraduate course for the Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology last spring.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
To keep your liver’s clock consistent this holiday season, avoid extreme behaviors, said Lei Yin, an assistant professor of physiology at the University of Michigan.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 生理学; 生理机能
分布：生理学(91%)，生理机能(9%)
→physo-,身体，生理，-logy,学说。
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■(the scientific study of) the way in which the bodies of living things work 生理学
n. [生理] 生理学；生理机能
 - physiological function, bionomy

Word: chuckle
Front: chuckle
[ˈtʃʌkl] (托宝 6334/8251 -1)
Vocabulary: chuckle
(once / 398 pages)
nv
Chuckle is as fun to say as it is to do. In fact, just the sound of the word chuckle may make you feeling like chuckling, or laughing softly.
Chuckle is one of many words for different kinds of laughter. These include giggle, titter, snicker, and a word that is a cross between chuckle and snort — chortle. These words are all imitative. That is, the word itself sounds like the noise it refers to. With all these words for laughter, it may be hard to choose the right one for the occasion. Use chuckle when you mean a quiet, even soundless laugh.
WORD FAMILY
chuckle: chuckled, chuckles, chuckling
USAGE EXAMPLES
They chuckled at some customers’ home remedies, such as pouring white wine on a red-wine stain.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
People in the audience began to chuckle and smirk at one another.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
“There’s a lot of hurry up and wait,” Schroder says, chuckling.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 轻声地笑; 咯咯笑
n. 轻笑声
时态：chuckled, chuckling, chuckles
分布：轻声笑(61%)，咯咯笑(26%)，暗自笑(13%)
→拟声词。-le, 表反复。
【记】ch吃，ch吃，le乐－吃吃的乐chu处，乐：处女的乐－轻声的笑，因为要保持矜持－咯咯笑，因为要勾引别人chuck＝chick小鸡，le乐：小鸡的乐－咯咯笑
【区】chortle（v 哈哈大笑）；grin（v 露齿笑）；guffaw（v 哄堂大笑）
verb intransitive
■to laugh quietly 轻声笑；暗自发笑
• She was chuckling as she read the letter. 她一边看信一边偷笑。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
n. 轻笑，窃笑
 - snigger

Word: ascribe
Front: ascribe
[əˈskraɪb] (四六托雅宝 10907/7963 -1)
Vocabulary: ascribe
(once / 474 pages)
v
Ascribe means to give credit to, like if you ascribe the A you got on your group project to the hard work of your partners!
Ascribe's Latin root is ascribere, meaning basically "to write in.'' Makes sense, because ascribe is often used to link writers to their words. Many a quirky quote, like "Age is an issue of mind over matter. If you don't mind, it doesn't matter," is ascribed to that famous scribe Mark Twain. It can also be a way of blaming something — you might ascribe your bad attitude to your mom because she won't let you have cupcakes for dinner.
WORD FAMILY
ascribe: ascribable, ascribed, ascribes, ascribing, ascription+/ascribable: unascribable/ascription: ascriptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Somehow, though, whenever I’m testing it publicly, it picks this slightly labored joke, and it’s difficult to resist ascribing ill intent.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The “scum of the world” lines are excised, and the scourging of Jesus is ascribed not to Jewish soldiers but to Pilate.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Kimmel was announced as host on 5 December, later than usual, which he ascribed to his being low on the list of invitees.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…归于，认为…是由于; 认为…具有
时态：ascribed, ascribing, ascribes
分布：归因于(70%)，归于(30%)
→前缀a-同ad-. 词根scribe, 写，见describe.
把…归于(a+scribe→把...写上去→归因于)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【参】scripture（n 手稿，圣经）；conscribe（vt 征召入伍，强行征召）
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sth formal
■to believe or say that something is caused by something else 把…归因于；认为…是由于
• To what do you ascribe your phenomenal success? 你认为你取得如此巨大成功的原因是甚么？
[ə'skraɪb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sb formal
■to believe that something was said, written or created by a particular person 把…归属于（某人）；认为…是（某人）所说（或写；创作等）
• After years of research, scholars have finally ascribed this anonymous play to Christopher Marlowe. 经过多年研究，学者们终于认定，这部佚名剧作是出自克里斯多夫‧马洛的手笔。
[ə'skraɪb] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ascribe sth to sb/sth formal
■to believe that someone or something has a particular quality 认为…具有（某种特点）
• People like to ascribe human feelings to animals. 人们倾向认为动物有像人一样的情感。
attribute, ascribe
这两个动词均有“把……归于”之意。
attribute: 指出于相信而把……归于某人或某物，含较多的客观性。
ascribe: 指根据推论或猜想把……归于某人或某物，含主观臆断成分较重。
vt. 归因于；归咎于
 - blame, put down to

Word: dampen
Front: dampen
[ˈdæmpən] (托宝 10919/11247 -1)
Vocabulary: dampen
(once / 3772 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To dampen something is to stifle it, to lessen its effect, or to moisten it. Getting a cold will dampen your enthusiasm.
This word has several related meanings, most of which make something less effective or powerful. Using a towel will dampen it in the sense of getting it wet, but dampening goes beyond things that are damp (wet). A silencer on a gun dampens the sound of the gun. Bad news will dampen your mood, bringing it down. Boxing gloves dampen the force of punches because they cushion the blows. Anything dampened has been weakened and brought down a notch.
WORD FAMILY
dampen: dampened, dampener, dampening, dampens+/dampener: dampeners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dermatologists often prescribe topical cortisonelike drugs to dampen the immune response and ease inflammation.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But none of that seemed to dampen the worshippers’ joyous spirit.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The interception didn’t dampen the confidence of Barkley, who signed with the Bears in September to be their third-string quarterback.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 抑制; 使潮湿; 使…沮丧; 隔音，防音
vi. 变得潮湿; 丧气
时态：dampened, dampening, dampens
分布：抑制(93%)，使沮丧(7%)
→来自damp, 潮湿，引申义减弱。
使潮湿;使沮丧(damp潮湿)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
【反】scorch（v 烧焦；枯萎）；damper（n 抑制因素）－amelioration（n 改进）
verb transitive
MAKE WET 使潮湿 (also damp)
■to make something slightly wet 使潮湿；把…弄潮；使受潮
• Rain had dampened the tent so we left it to dry in the afternoon sun. 雨水打湿了帐篷，午后我们把它放到太阳底下晒了晒。
['dæm.pən] verb transitive
FEELINGS 感觉
■to make feelings, especially of excitement or enjoyment, less strong 使（尤指兴奋或喜悦之情）平静下来；稳定（情绪）；对…泼冷水
• Nothing you can say will dampen her enthusiasm. 不管你说甚么，她的热情仍丝毫不减。
• I didn't want to dampen his spirits. 我不想给他泼冷水。
vt. 抑制；使…沮丧；使…潮湿
 - control, restrain, stay
vi. 潮湿；丧气
 - moisten

Word: trafficker
Front: trafficker
['træfɪkə(r)] (10909/17692 -1)
Back: n. 商人; 贩子; 从事违法勾当者
分布：贩子(56%)，商人(44%)
US [-kɚ] noun
■a person who trades in illegal goods, especially drugs 做非法买卖的人（尤指毒品贩子）
• drug traffickers 毒品贩子
• an international arms trafficker 国际军火贩子
n. 贩子；商人；从事违法勾当者
 - trader, merchant

Word: rouse
Front: rouse
[raʊz] (研四六雅 10921/10108 -1)
Vocabulary: rouse
(once / 189 pages)
v
When someone calls out "rise and shine," they are trying to rouse you, to make you wake up.
It's thought that the word rouse was originally a 15th-century term used by hawkers for the way the birds shook out their feathers when agitated. That gives a nice mental picture to the word, and it does fit: rouse means to become awake, excited, or just plain keyed up, like those birds ruffling their feathers. Consider that when first roused in the morning, many people have to shake themselves to get ready to face the day.
WORD FAMILY
rouse: roused, rouser, rouses, rousing +/rouser: rousers/ rousing: rousingest, rousingly, rousings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was a slap in the face, man,” the friend, Ronnie Rouse, told Jones.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Well, like a lot of what Palmer says, this is smart and witty and rousing.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“Here at Pearl Harbor, where America fought its first battle of the Second World War, it roused a nation,” Obama said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 叫醒，惊醒; 鼓励，鼓舞; 使发脾气; 使振奋
n. 觉醒; 奋起; [军]<英>起床号; 干杯
vi. 醒来; 奋起
时态：roused, rousing, rouses
分布：唤醒(49%)，激起(23%)，奋起(15%)，觉醒(13%)
→来自古法语 reuser,摇摆，晃动，原指猎鹰晃动羽毛，词源同 ruse,进一步词源不详。引申词 义唤醒。
vt./vi.唤醒,唤起;激励;激起I was roused by the telephone bell.我被电话铃声惊醒.
【参】arouse（v 唤醒；鼓励）
【反】mollify（v 平息）；quell（v 镇压）
verb transitive
■to wake someone up or make someone more active or excited 唤醒；激励，使觉醒，使奋起
• He roused himself (from a pleasant daydream) and got back to work. 他不再沉迷（于甜蜜的白日梦中），开始重新投入工作。
• The speaker attempted to rouse the crowd with a cry for action. 演讲者高声呼吁大家行动起来，试图激发群众的热情。
waken, rouse, wake, arouse, awake
这组词都有“唤醒、醒来”的意思，其区别是：
waken: 书面用词，常用于被动态和引申意义。
rouse: 较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。
wake: 普通常用词，指真正的醒来。即可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。
arouse: 除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。
awake: 正式用词，常指觉醒、警惕的状态，也多用于比喻。
vt. 唤醒；激起，使振奋；惊起
 - arouse, wake sb. up
vi. 醒来；奋起
 - wake up, waken up
n. 觉醒；奋起
 - arousal, wakefulness

Word: dormitory
Front: dormitory
[ˈdɔ:mətri] (高四六托 10947/14248 -1)
Vocabulary: dormitory
(once / 1823 pages)
n
A dormitory is a building at a boarding school, college, or university where students live. Many students have roommates in a dormitory, and sometimes those roommates put up really cheesy posters of shirtless guys leaning on cars.
The word dormitory is from the Latin dormitorium for "sleeping place," and if you keep going back you get to dormire for "to sleep." A dormitory is where students who live at school sleep — well, it’s where their beds are anyway. Often the first time kids sleep away at school is when they go to college. There are often different dorms for freshman and older students. Dormitories are also called dorms, residence halls, and student residences.
WORD FAMILY
dormitory: dormitories
USAGE EXAMPLES
Visit an old mill town, a tired seaside resort or fishing port, a former coal-mining village, a faded dormitory settlement.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The school alleged the construction team used a type of concrete slab that allowed twisting and shifting on multiple floors of the dormitory.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Employees on expat assignments in Germany in the mid-2000s recall Spartan living conditions at dormitories with shared bathrooms.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. （学校等的）宿舍; 集体寝室; （在市内工作的人的）郊外住宅区
adj. 住宅区的
分布：集体宿舍(100%)
→来自drem，睡觉，休息。
寝室,宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)[dorm=sleep,表示"睡眠"]
宿舍(dormit睡眠)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US ['dɔ:r.mə.tɔ:r-] (informal dorm)
noun countable
ROOM 房间 UK a large room containing many beds, especially in a boarding school or university （尤指寄宿学校或大学的）宿舍
UK ['dɔ:.mɪ.tər.i] US ['dɔ:r.mə.tɔ:r-] (informal dorm)
noun countable
BUILDING 建筑 US a large building at a college or university where students live （学院或大学的）学生宿舍楼
n. 宿舍，学生宿舍
 - lodging house, student hostel
adj. 住宅区的
 - uptown

Word: hassle
Front: hassle
[ˈhæsl] (六宝 10953/11651 -1)
Vocabulary: hassle
(once / 10726 pages)
nv
Something that is bothersome or annoying can be called a hassle. It's a huge hassle to go back to the grocery story after unloading fifteen bags and realizing you forgot milk.
The noun hassle can also refer to an argument or a scuffle. If you get into a hassle at school, you're likely to be called into the principal's office. As a verb, hassle means to annoy or harass repeatedly or chronically. If a bully is constantly hassling you, you should report them.
WORD FAMILY
hassle: hassled, hassles, hassling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite the drawbacks, those with curb cuts say a guaranteed place to park is worth the potential hassle.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It promotes itself as a family-friendly resort without the hassles of larger, more famous ski resorts.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Every time I saw him, I hassled him,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 困难的事情; 麻烦的事情; 争论
vt. 不断烦扰; 与…争辩; 使…烦恼
vi. 争论，争辩
时态：hassled, hassling, hassles
分布：麻烦(76%)，争吵(10%)，困难(9%)，烦扰(5%)
→可能来自haggle过去分词，-ss,过去分词后缀。比较legible,lesson.
【记】词源学家提出的三种不同的可能性：harass（v 骚扰）＋hustle（vt 驱赶；驱逐）；haggle（v 讨价还价）＋tussle（vi 打斗；格斗）；haggle＋wrestle（vi 摔跤；格斗）拼：哈斯勒（德国国家队员）脾气暴躁，容易与人发生激烈的争论。
noun countable or uncountable informal
■(a situation causing) difficulty or trouble 麻烦，困难
• I can't face the hassle of moving house again. 我受不了再搬一次家的麻烦。
• My boss has been giving me a lot of hassle this week. 这星期老板给我找了很多麻烦事。
• It's one of the few bars that women can go to and not get any hassle from men. 那是女性可以去的为数不多的几个酒吧之一，在那里女性不会受到男人的任何烦扰。
• It was such a hassle trying to get my bank account changed that I nearly gave up. 更换银行帐号真是麻烦，我差点都想放弃了。
• I should have taken it back to the shop but I just didn't think it was worth (all) the hassle. 我应该把它退回商店，但我认为不值得这么麻烦。
['hæs.l] verb transitive
■to annoy someone, especially by repeatedly asking them something 烦扰（尤指透过反覆提问）
• I'll do it in my own time - just stop hassling me! 我会自己安排时间做的——别烦我了！
• [+ to infinitive] The children keep hassling me to take them to Disneyland. 孩子们不断地烦我，要我带他们去迪士尼乐园。
vt. 找麻烦，搅扰；与…争辩；使…烦恼
 - pain, take to task
n. 困难，麻烦；激战
 - difficulty, poverty, trouble, hardness, headache
vi. 争论，争辩
 - debate, contest

Word: sincerity
Front: sincerity
[sɪn'serətɪ] (六 10928/11290)
Vocabulary: sincerity
(once / 481 pages)
n
Sincerity is a mix of seriousness and honesty. If you do things with sincerity, people will trust you.
Along with patience and compassion, sincerity is one of those qualities we all probably wish we had more of — and wish other people had more of, too. People who show sincerity are being serious, kind, and truthful. Politicians who show sincerity tend to do well because people believe them. An apology full of sincerity will probably be accepted. On the other hand, if you show no sincerity — by being sarcastic or dismissive — well, who wants an apology like that?
WORD FAMILY
sincerity: sincerities+/ insincere: insincerely, insincerest, insincerity / insincerity: insincerities/ sincere: insincere, sincerely, sincerer, sincerest, sincerity
USAGE EXAMPLES
What if, while aiming for sincerity, I ended up with the worst thing of all … melodrama?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet Cambodians, mistrustful of the sincerity of these conversions, dismiss their newly adopted zeal for religious ideology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It’s still clumsy, but the show is certainly steadier than most of its peers in terms of sincerity, representation, and progressive politics.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 真挚，诚心诚意，诚意; 笃实; 襟怀坦白; 愫
分布：真诚(80%)，诚实(12%)，诚挚(8%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■honesty 诚实，真诚
• The priest was a man of deep sincerity. 那位牧师是个十分真诚的人。
n. 真实，诚挚
 - reality, true

Word: quirky
Front: quirky
['kwɜ:kɪ] (10948/19123 -1)
Vocabulary: quirky
(once / 6789 pages)
adj
Your friend with the pink hair, the excellent vocabulary, and the totally inappropriate wit? You could probably call her quirky, meaning she’s unconventional and has a strange mix of traits that somehow end up being kind of interesting or charming.
This informal all-purpose term can be used to describe anything that doesn’t quite fit in. The adjective quirky is often used to describe those unconventional things that are characterized by peculiar behavior or an unexpected point of view. Quirky is often used to describe people, but it can also refer to things that seem to possess an unexpected and unconventional element, like a quirky strategy or a quirky idea.
WORD FAMILY
quirky: quirkily, quirkiness+/ quirk: quirked, quirking, quirks, quirky
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some critics find Mills’s work quirky or precious; some find it inert.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Sounds simple, but that’s all part of its quirky genius.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Quirky and charming, this New Zealand story is part buddy comedy, part coming-of-age drama, part family adventure and all heart.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 诡诈的，离奇的
级别：quirkier, quirkiest
分布：古怪的(61%)，离奇的(25%)，狡诈的(14%)
US ['kwɝ:-] adjective
■unusual in an attractive and interesting way 古怪的，独特的
• He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour. 他个子高高的，有一种独特的、另类的幽默感。
adj. 古怪的；离奇的；诡诈的
 - extraordinary, odd, curious

Word: plutonium
Front: plutonium
[plu:ˈtəʊniəm] (10903/9391 -1)
Back: n. [化]钚
分布：名词(100%)
→来自Pluto,冥王，冥王星，-ium,金属元素。因该金属元素元素周期位于neptunium（Neptune,海王星）之后而命名。
US [-'toʊ-] noun uncountable
■a metallic element that is used in the production of nuclear power, and in nuclear weapons 钸

Word: stricken
Front: stricken
[ˈstrɪkən] (10955/11349 -1)
Vocabulary: stricken
(once / 694 pages)
adj
Stricken means "overwhelmed by emotion." When you saw the pretty new girl at school smiling at you, you were so stricken you walked right into a wall.
Stricken means "affected," whether it's in a good way — being so stricken by spring fever that you can't stop singing and goofing around — or bad, like being stricken by a real fever and a sore throat and the chills and. . . you get the idea. You can also be stricken by fear, like a family so stricken by fear of bedbugs that they cancelled their hotel reservation and just slept in their car.
WORD FAMILY
stricken: strickenly+/counterstrike: counterstrikes/ strike: counterstrike, stricken, striker, strikes, striking /striker: strikers/ striking: strikingly, strikingness, strikings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fisher died Tuesday after being stricken on an airplane flight last week.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Fisher died Tuesday at age 60 after being stricken on an airplane flight last week.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2013, stricken with arthritis, Ms. Thompson quit her job as a janitor.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 被打击的; 受挫的; 患病的; 受灾的
v. 打击(strike的过去分词)
分布：受灾的(48%)，被击中的(12%)，与容器口齐平的(8%)，受挫的(8%)，表示“深受…之苦的”(8%)，受伤或患病的(8%)，动词strike的过去分词.(8%)
→来自 strike 的过去分词古拼写形式，引申比喻义受煎熬的，遭受痛苦的。
['strɪk.ən] literary
adjective
■suffering severely from the effects of something unpleasant 受严重侵害的，遭受重创的
• All the oil from the stricken tanker has now leaked into the sea. 失事油轮上的油现已全部外泄到海中。
• My country has been stricken by war for the past five years. 我的祖国在过去五年内饱受战乱蹂躏。
• He has been stricken with grief since the death of his wife. 妻子去世后，他就一直深陷悲痛之中。
• emergency aid for famine- stricken countries 提供给遭受饥荒的国家的紧急援助
• a poverty- stricken area 贫困地区
adj. 患病的；受挫折的；受…侵袭的；遭殃的
 - suffering, disappointed

Word: professionalism
Front: professionalism
[prəˈfeʃənəlɪzəm] (托 10943/8752)
Vocabulary: professionalism
(once / 10785 pages)
n
When you talk about the methods, characteristics, and attitudes of a person holding a job that requires higher education or advanced training, you're talking about their professionalism.
The noun professionalism is usually used to describe the type of behavior you would expect from a professional person. For example, showing up to work on time, and focusing on the task at hand. And not fighting with your coworkers (unless you're a professional wrestler).
WORD FAMILY
professionalism: professionalisms+/ profess: professed, professes, professing, profession /professed: professedly/ profession: professional, professions/ professional: nonprofessional, professionalise, professionalism, professionalize, professionally, professionals, semiprofessional, unprofessional/professionalise: professionalisation, professionalised/professionalize: professionalization, professionalized, professionalizes, professionalizing/semiprofessional: semiprofessionals/unprofessional: unprofessionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are contributing to the professionalism of law enforcement by maintaining a standard.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“We appreciate his quick response and professionalism in a difficult situation.”
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 职业水准或特性; 职业化
分布：职业化(91%)，职业水准或特性(9%)
noun uncountable
■the combination of all the qualities that are connected with trained and skilled people 专业水准；专业精神
• He praised her professionalism and dynamism. 他赞扬了她的专业精神和干劲。

Word: eject
Front: eject
[iˈdʒekt] (研六托雅 10924/11234 -1)
Vocabulary: eject
(once / 1562 pages)
v
It’s good to eject yourself from a burning spaceship (if you happen to have an escape pod and a nice small planet to land on), but if a teacher ejects you from class, well that’s not so good.
Eject comes from “jectere,” the Latin word meaning throw, but the “e” means out. If you want to say, “throw the rascals out!” in only one word, you should choose, “eject!” The opposite of eject is inject. Thinking about the nurse throwing the measles vaccine into your arm makes that doctor’s visit seem a little less friendly.
WORD FAMILY
eject: ejected, ejecting, ejection, ejector, ejects+/ ejection: ejections/ejector: ejectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was called targeting, and Smith was ejected from the game.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Things then got weird on the point after touchdown as Jarran Reed got ejected for an unsportsmanlike penalty.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Phillips said Rivers was ejected for using “extreme profanity” while complaining about his son being ejected.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 喷出; 驱逐; 强制离开
vi. 弹射出
时态：ejected, ejecting, ejects
分布：喷射(48%)，驱逐(47%)，放逐(5%)
→e-, 向外。-ject, 射，投掷，词源同jet, project.
投出,掷出(e+ject掷→掷出)[e-,ef-表示"出,出来"]
喷出;驱逐(e出+ject→扔出→喷出)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
v.喷射,排出;驱逐The projector is subject to rejection and may be ejected from the project.投影机有遭到否决的倾向并可能被逐出工程.
verb
transitive often passive
■to force someone to leave a particular place （用武力）驱逐，逐出，赶出
• A number of football fans had been ejected from the bar for causing trouble. 一些足球迷因为闹事被赶出酒吧。
transitive US (UK send off)
■to order a sports player to leave the playing area during a game because they have done something wrong 将（犯规的运动员）罚下场
intransitive
■to leave an aircraft in an emergency by being pushed while still in your seat （紧急情况下连坐椅一起从飞机中）弹射出来
intransitive or transitive
■to come out of a machine when a button is pressed, or to make something do this 使（从机器中）弹出
• How do you eject the tape? 怎样才能把磁带弹出来？
• The coffee machine suddenly ejected a handful of coins. 咖啡自动售卖机里突然弹出一把硬币。
project, inject, eject
这是一组形近易混词。
project: v.伸出，突出；预计，预报；投射，放映。
 • The balcony projects out beyond the wall of the house.   阳台从房子的墙壁上突出来。
 • The government projects that the defence budget will increase by 20% .   政府预计国防预算将增长百分之二十。
inject: v.注射。
 • The nurse injected some medicine into the patient with a needle.   护士用注射器给患者打针。
eject: v.跳出，喷出，弹射出。
 • The pilot ejected from the falling airplane.   飞行员从坠落的飞机中弹射出去。
vt. 喷射；驱逐，逐出
 - to spray, spray on

Word: unauthorized
Front: unauthorized
[ʌnˈɔ:θəraɪzd] (10927/21089 -1)
Back: adj. 未经授权的; 未经许可的; 未经批准的
分布：未经授权的(94%)，未经批准的(6%)
US [-'ɑ:-] adjective
■without someone's official permission to do something or be in a particular place 未经授权的，未经许可的
• No admittance to unauthorized personnel. 未经许可，不得进入。
• This unauthorized biography of the Princess has sold over 10 000 copies in its first week in print. 这本未经授权的王妃传记刊印后第一个星期就卖出了一万多本。
adj. 非法的；未被授权的；独断的
 - illegal, unlawful

Word: flatly
Front: flatly
[ˈflætli] (10926/10512)
Back: adv. 断然地; 干脆地; 直截了当地; 单调地
分布：断然地(67%)，平淡地(33%)
→来自flat,平的。即直接了当的，不拐弯抹角的。
adverb
WITHOUT EMOTION 无感情地
■in a way that shows no emotion or interest 平淡地；乏味地；缺乏热情地
• The witness responded flatly to the judge's questions. 证人漠然地回答了法官的提问。
['flæt.li] adverb
COMPLETELY 彻底地
■If you flatly deny, refuse or disagree with something or someone, you do it completely or in a very clear and definite way. （表示否认、拒绝、不赞同时）斩钉截铁地；直截了当地
adv. 断然地；平平地；直截了当地
 - positively, emphatically

Word: marshal
Front: marshal
[ˈmɑ:ʃl] (六宝 10929/8112 -2)
Vocabulary: marshal
(once / 336 pages)
nv
A federal marshal knocks on your door. You panic: a marshal is a law officer. What do you do? You marshal your thoughts, that is, put them in order.
Marshal derives from the Old French mareschal, for stable officer. The stable officer had charge of the horses, tending to them, putting them in order, readying them for action. If you are a marshal, you're an officer. If you marshal yourself, you get yourself ready, preparing for action.
WORD FAMILY
marshal: marshaled, marshaling, marshalled, marshalling, marshalship+/marshalship: marshalships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause of the fire remains under investigation by the State Fire Marshal’s office.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Holyoke Fire Department and the State Fire Marshal’s Office are investigating the cause of the fire.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Media outlets report that the West Virginia State Fire Marshal is investigating the cause of the early Saturday blaze in Gilboa.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 元帅; 典礼官; 执法官; 消防局长
vt. 整理，排列，集结
vi. 排列; 编队
时态：marshalled, marshalling, marshals
分布：典礼官(34%)，整顿(22%)，配置(20%)，汇集(14%)，陆空军元帅(5%)，司仪官(5%)
→来自古法语mareschal,军事统帅，总管，来自mare,母马，-schal,仆人，来自skel,分开，分类，词源同scale,shell.其原义为养马的仆人，马夫，弼马温，后词义扩大，引申词义皇室总管，军队统帅，元帅。比较minister.
US ['mɑ:r-] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to bring together or organize people or things in order to achieve a particular aim 集中；统率；管理
• The fighting in the city followed reports of the rebels marshalling their forces in the countryside. 叛军在郊外集结力量的消息传出后，城内发生了战斗。
• The company is marshalling its forces/resources for a long court case. 这家公司正集中力量／资源打一场旷日费时的官司。
• They had marshalled an armada of 1000 boats and a squadron of 70 aircraft to help clear up the oil. 他们调集了1000艘船和70架飞机来协助清理油污。
• It is unlikely that the rebels will be able to marshal as much firepower as the government troops. 叛军不太可能组织起和政府军同样强大的火力。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■an official who is involved in the organization of a public event 司仪，司礼官
• Marshals struggled in vain to prevent spectators rushing onto the racetrack. 组织者竭力想阻止观众冲到跑道上去，但根本没用。
• US The parade's grand marshal (= the person leading it) carried an elaborately carved staff. 游行队伍的领队手持一根雕刻精美的指挥棒。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
LAW 法律 US a government official who is responsible for putting the decisions of a law court into action 执法官
• US marshals specialize in finding fugitives and escapees. 美国的执法官专门负责追踪逃犯及越狱犯。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICER 军官
■a title used for important officers in the armed forces of some countries 元帅；最高指挥官
• a field marshal] air vice marshal 陆军元帅／空军少将
■US
■a title used for police or fire officers in some parts of the United States 警察局长；消防队长
• The deputy state fire marshal led the arson investigation. 州消防局副局长负责调查这件纵火案。
n. [军] 元帅；司仪
 - officiator
vt. 整理；引领；编列
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 排列
 - arrange, form

Word: staffing
Front: staffing
[ˈstɑ:fiŋ] (10950/6721 -1)
Back: n. 安置职工; 人员配备
v. staff为…配置（的现在分词）
分布：人员配备(70%)，安置职工(26%)，动词staff的现在分词.(4%)
N-UNCOUNT
人员配备
Staffing refers to the number of workers employed to work in a particular organization or building.
例：Staffing levels in prisons are too low.监狱管理人员数量太少。

Word: remarry
Front: remarry
[ˌri:ˈmæri] (10958/14660 -1)
Vocabulary: remarry
(once / 5597 pages)
v
To remarry is to get married again, after already having been married at least once. Your uncle might remarry at the age of 85, after fifty years of bachelorhood.
Anyone who's been married in the past remarries when they do it again. Some marriages end in divorce, and others end when one of the spouses dies. Even if being married didn't agree with them the first time, many people do decide to remarry. The verb dates from the 1520s, formed by adding re-, or "again," to marry, which originally meant just "to give in marriage," from a Latin root.
WORD FAMILY
remarry: remarriage, remarried, remarries, remarrying+/intermarriage: intermarriages/intermarry: intermarriage, intermarried, intermarries, intermarrying/ marriage: marriageable, marriages/marriageable: marriageability, marriageably/ married: marriedly, marrieds, unmarried/ marry: intermarry, marriage, married, marries, marrying, remarry /remarriage: remarriages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under the old law, a widow or widower of a veteran would lose their benefit if they remarried at any age.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Her mother died in childbirth when she was just two years old and her father abandoned her when he remarried.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
After her mother remarried a builder and tavern owner, they started a new family.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 再婚
vt. 使再婚
时态：remarried, remarrying, remarries
分布：动词(96%)，名词(4%)
→re-,再，重新，marry,结婚。
US [-'mer-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to marry again 再婚；再娶；再嫁
• After a lengthy and painful divorce, she vowed never to remarry. 经历了一场漫长而痛苦的离婚后，她发誓永不再婚。
• Her mother died in childbirth, and her father remarried when she was a baby. 她母亲死于难产，她的父亲在她还是个婴儿时就再婚了。
• Richard Burton famously remarried Elizabeth Taylor. 很多人都知道理查．伯顿和伊丽莎伯．泰勒的再婚经历。

Word: stipulate
Front: stipulate
[ˈstɪpjuleɪt] (托雅宝 10956/8713 -1)
Vocabulary: stipulate
(once / 868 pages)
v
To stipulate something means to demand that it be part of an agreement. So when you make a contract or deal, you can stipulate that a certain condition must be met.
Anytime you draw up a legal agreement, you can stipulate a requirement that has to be met for that agreement to be complete. This stipulation might put some sort of limit on the agreement. For example, if you run a fencing company and offer a sale, you can stipulate that to get the sale price, the fence must be ordered by a certain date. Your customer, in turn, might stipulate that the work must be finished before the ground freezes.
WORD FAMILY
stipulate: stipulated, stipulates, stipulating, stipulation, stipulatory+/ stipulation: stipulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
I stipulated above that you must use only the four basic mathematical operations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In April, Mexico allowed private companies to import fuels for the first time, nine months ahead of what the energy reform program originally stipulated.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
These are matters for trade negotiators to fine-tune—and let’s stipulate that Trump hires really skilled negotiators.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）
vi. 规定，明确要求
adj. 有托叶的
时态：stipulated, stipulating, stipulates
分布：规定(84%)，保证(14%)，有明文规定的(2%)
→来自拉丁语 stipulari,交易，订约，达成条款，可能来自 stipula,草梗，叶柄，茎，来自 steip, 刺，词源同 stipule,stipple.其词义演变来自古罗马时期谈判双方达成协议后，会折断一根草 作为象征。这种行为可能类似武侠小说中把箭折断，然后立下重誓言语“如违此誓，有如此 箭（剑）”，参照《天龙八部》相关章节。
【记】s，tip（n 顶；尖；点；小费），u，late晚－现在点明已经晚了，所以应该在合同中规定出来。
['stɪp.jʊ.leɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to state exactly how something must be or must be done 规定，约定；明确说明
• She agreed to buy the car, but stipulated racing tyres and a turbo-powered engine. 她同意买这辆车，但指明要装赛车轮胎和涡轮动力引擎。
• [+ that] The law stipulates that new cars must have seat belts for the driver and every passenger. 法律规定新车必须为驾驶人和每位乘客配备坐椅安全带。
• [+ question word] We have signed a contract which stipulates wh en the project must be completed. 我们已签署合约，规定了必须完成专案计划的时间。
vi. 规定；保证
 - to formulate, prescribe
vt. 规定；保证
 - define, undertake, regulate, assure, state

Word: oatmeal
Front: oatmeal
[ˈəʊtmi:l] (宝 10945/20516 -1)
Vocabulary: oatmeal
(once / 2922 pages)
n
Use the word oatmeal for ground, crushed, or cut oats — or to mean the hot cereal made from cooking these processed oats. You might prefer your oatmeal with brown sugar and raisins.
Oatmeal is a porridge or hot cereal, a tasty breakfast especially in the winter months. It's also the name of the meal that you need to boil in water or milk to make a bowl of oatmeal. As well as the breakfast dish, you can make things like bread, cookies, and pancakes with oatmeal. In Scotland, oatmeal has long been the major grain, and as a result oatmeal is an ingredient in many traditional foods, from gruel and oatcakes to haggis.
WORD FAMILY
oatmeal: oatmeals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
She said she planned to file a new disclosure including the Coca-Cola grant and funding from Quaker Oats owner PepsiCo for an oatmeal study.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Such dough – common for sugar cookies, ginger cookies, oatmeal or chocolate chip cookies – will keep its crunch the longest.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 燕麦片
分布：燕麦片(56%)，燕麦粥(42%)，浅棕色(2%)
→oat,燕麦，meal,粉。
US ['oʊt-] noun uncountable
■a type of flour made from oats 燕麦粉
• oatmeal porridge 燕麦粥
US for
■ porridge (FOOD) 燕麦粥
n. 燕麦粥； [食品] 燕麦片
 - rolled oats, cornmeal

Word: shred
Front: shred
[ʃred] (托雅宝 8713/11812 -2)
Back: n. 碎片; 破布; 少量
vt. & vi. 撕碎，切碎; 用撕毁机撕毁（文件）
时态：shredded, shredding, shreds
分布：撕成碎片(46%)，细片(18%)，少许(18%)，碎布条(18%)
→来自古英语 screadian,切碎，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrauth,切，劈，来自 sker,切，劈，词 源同 shear,share,shard.
noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular
■a very small amount of something 极少量，微量
• There's still a shred of hope that a peace agreement can be reached. 达成和平协议仍存有一丝希望。
• There isn't a shred of evidence to support her accusation. 关于她的指控没有丝毫证据可以支援。
[ʃred] noun
CUT 切
countable usually plural
■a very small thin piece that has been torn from something 细条，碎片
• Cut the radishes into shreds to garnish the plates 将樱桃萝卜切成丝来装饰碟子。
in shreds
■very badly torn 破碎的
• My shirt was in shreds when I took it out of the washer. 我把内衣从洗衣机里拿出来时，它已经变成了碎布条。
■badly damaged 严重受损的
• The report has left the prison governor's reputation in shreds. 该报告严重损害了监狱长的名誉。
[ʃred] noun
tear/rip sb/sth to shreds
■to strongly criticize a person or something they do, think or say 猛烈抨击，将…批得体无完肤
• The critics tore his performance to shreds. 评论家把他的表演批得体无完肤。
■to damage someone or something badly 严重伤害；严重损坏
• My trousers were torn to shreds when I fell off my bike. 我从脚踏车上摔了下来，裤子破了好几个洞。
[ʃred] verb transitive (-dd-)
■to cut or tear something roughly into thin strips 把…切（或撕）成细条；切碎；撕碎
• Shred the lettuce and arrange it around the edge of the dish. 将莴苣切成丝，摆在盘子边缘。
• shredded carrot/paper 切成丝的胡萝卜／切碎的纸
■to destroy a document by tearing it into strips, especially in a machine 粉碎销毁（文件）
• He ordered his secretary to shred important documents when government inspectors started investigating his business affairs. 政府调查员开始调查他公司的业务时，他命令秘书将重要文件粉碎销毁。
n. 碎片；少量剩余；最少量；破布
 - debris, chip
vi. 撕碎
 - rip up, tear to pieces

Word: watermelon
Front: watermelon
[ˈwɔ:təmelən] (中高 10944/36234)
Back: n. 西瓜
分布：西瓜(100%)
→即多水的甜瓜，用于指西瓜。
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a large round or oval-shaped fruit with dark green skin, sweet watery pink flesh and a lot of black seeds 西瓜
n. [园艺] 西瓜
 - sandia

Word: adultery
Front: adultery
[əˈdʌltəri] (10957/12213 -1)
Vocabulary: adultery
(once / 1168 pages)
n
Adultery is a word for cheating — cheating on your spouse with another person. Adultery isn’t a crime, but some people consider it a sin.
If two people are dating, and one fools around with someone else, it's not adultery. Only married people can commit adultery. If you commit adultery — and your spouse finds out — then you’ve got a lot of explaining to do. Although it's still highly frowned upon, cultural attitudes toward adultery have changed a lot: the classic book The Scarlet Letter shows how harshly women were once treated for committing adultery.
WORD FAMILY
adultery: adulterer, adulteries, adulterous+/adulterer: adulterers/adulterous: adulterously
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a peculiar move towards gender equality, Cameroon's parliament in June debated a new law which would see men who commit adultery sent to jail.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
There are regular reports of the Taliban putting women to death in areas they control for adultery or other alleged transgressions.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
As her horrified neighbors watched, extremists threw a third stone at the young woman, who was accused of adultery.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 通奸，私通; 通奸行为
分布：通奸(100%)
→同adulterate, 掺假。此处指夫妻生活不忠。
US [-tˌɚ.i] noun uncountable
■sex between a married man or woman and someone who is not their wife or husband 通奸（行为）
• Many people in public life have committed adultery. 很多知名人物都有通奸行为。
n. 通奸，通奸行为
 - fornication, cuckoldry

Word: first-class
Front: first-class
[ˈfɜ:stˈklæs] (-2)
Back: adj. 最好的; 第一流的; 优秀的
adv. 最好地; 第一流地; 优秀地
分布：头等的(54%)，上等的(33%)，头等地(13%)
ADJ
一流的;极好的;最优的
If you describe something or someone as first-class, you mean that they are extremely good and of the highest quality.
例：The food was first-class...食物一流。
例：She has a first-class brain and is a damned good writer.她头脑相当灵光，是个非常棒的作家。
ADJ
甲级的;一等的;优等的
You use first-class to describe something that is in the group that is considered to be of the highest standard.
例：He officially announced his retirement from first-class cricket yesterday...他昨天正式宣布退出甲级板球赛。
例：Harriet graduated with a first class degree in literature...哈丽雅特毕业时获文学一级学士学位。
ADJ
(车厢、船舱、机舱)头等的，一等的
First-class accommodation on a train, aeroplane, or ship is the best and most expensive type of accommodation.
例：...a first-class carriage...头等车厢
例：He won himself two first-class tickets to fly to Dublin.他为自己赢得了两张飞往都柏林的头等舱机票。
ADJ
(英)优先投递的，第一类的;(美)第一类邮件的(适用于信函和明信片)
In Britain, first-class postage is the quicker and more expensive type of postage. In the United States, first-class postage is the type of postage that is used for sending letters and postcards.
例：Two first class stamps, please...买两张第一类邮件邮票。
例：The price of mailing a first-class letter will not be increasing this year.今年一类邮件的邮费不会增加。
adj. 优秀的；第一流的
 - superior, classical, royal
adv. 优秀地；最好地；第一流地
 - best, primely

Word: undesirable
Front: undesirable
[ˌʌndɪˈzaɪərəbl] (研六宝 10932/7811 -1)
Back: adj. 不受欢迎的，讨厌的; 不合需要的; 不方便的; 不良的
n. 不受欢迎的人; 不良分子
分布：不受欢迎的(44%)，不良的(21%)，讨厌的(15%)，不良分子(9%)，不受欢迎的人(7%)，不合意的(4%)
→un-, 不，非，desirable, 渴望的。
【记】un不，desirable（adj 值得要的；合意的）
US [-'zaɪr.ə-] disapproving
adjective
■not wanted, approved of or popular 令人讨厌的；不受欢迎的
• Houses near industrial sites often do not sell so quickly because they are regarded as undesirable. 工厂附近的房子销路不是很好，因为人们认为那里的环境不理想。
adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的
 - unhealth, cacoethic
n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人
 - persona non grata

Word: ATM
Front: ATM
['e'ti'ɛm] (10913/28822)
Back: abbr. 异步传输模式（Asynchronous Transfer Mode）；自动出纳机（Automatic Teller Machine）；空中交通管理（Air Traffic Management）
noun countable abbreviation for
■automated teller machine: a machine, usually in a wall outside a bank, from which you can take money out of your bank account using a special card 自动柜员机
• Is there an ATM on this street? I need to get some money out. 这条街上有自动提款机吗？我需要取些钱。

Word: angle
Front: angle
[ˈæŋgl] (高研四托 2989/2346 -K3)
Vocabulary: angle
(once / 231 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
Remember all those pesky geometry classes in high school? Then you'll remember measuring the angle or space between two intersecting lines in degrees. If you recall that a right angle measures ninety degrees, give yourself a bonus.
Angle can also mean a biased way of looking at or presenting something. Talk radio stations, for example, often discuss current events with a "political angle." On a far more peaceful note, to angle also means simply to fish, both in the literal sense of trying to catch a fish on a hook or in the metaphorical sense of trying to subtly obtain something without being seen to do so directly, as in, "I'm going to angle for a promotion at work."
WORD FAMILY
angle: angled, angler, angles, angling, angular, angulate+/ angler: anglers/angling: anglings/ angular: angularest, angularity, angularly/angularity: angularities/angulate: angulated, angulating, angulation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here are some other key angles that emerged from the game, entering the offseason:
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
So you get your insecurities challenged from both angles.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Here are some other key angles to follow around the game:
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 角; [比喻]（考虑、问题的）角度; 观点; 轮廓鲜明的突出体
vt. 使形成（或弯成）角度; 把…放置成一角度; 调整（或对准）…的角度; 使（新闻、报道等）带有倾向性
vi. 垂钓; 斜移; 弯曲成一角度; 从（某角度）报道
时态：angled, angling, angles
分布：角(68%)，角度(29%)，观点(1%)，谋取(1%)，钓鱼(1%)
→来自词根ang, 弯。可能与anger同源。
n.角,角度v.钓鱼;(采用各种方法)取得The language angel hanged up the gang and banged them at the angle of the triangle.语文天使将那伙人吊起朝三角形的角上猛撞.
noun countable
SPACE 空间
 ADVANCED
■the space between two lines or surfaces at the point at which they touch each other, measured in degrees 角；角度
• The interior angles of a square are right angles or angles of 90 degrees. 正方形的内角是直角，即90度角。
• The boat settled into the mud at a 35 degree angle. 船身呈35度角倾斜着陷入烂泥中。
at an angle
■not horizontal or vertical, but sloping in one direction 倾斜地，成一定角度
• The boat settled into the mud at an angle of 35 degrees. 船身呈35度角倾斜着陷入烂泥中。
• The picture was hanging at an angle. 画斜挂着。
• He wore his hat at a jaunty angle. 他歪戴着帽子。
■the corner of a building, table, or anything with straight sides （建筑物、桌子等的）角，边角
['æŋ.gl] noun countable
POSITION 位置
■a position from which something is viewed 视角
• The tower is visible from every angle/all angles. 从任何角度都可以看到这座塔。
• I realised I was looking at it from the wrong angle. 我意识到当时考虑它的角度不对。
['æŋ.gl] noun countable
WAY OF THINKING 思考方式
■a way of considering, judging or dealing with something 观点；立场；方式；角度
• Try looking at the problem from another angle] from my angle. 尝试换个角度／从我的角度来看这个问题。
• The press was looking for a new/fresh angle on the situation. 新闻界正在寻找一个新的角度来审度这种局面。
['æŋ.gl] verb transitive
SLOPE 斜度
■to aim, turn or position something in a direction that is not horizontal or vertical 倾斜放置，歪斜转动
• The stage had been steeply angled (= was sloping very noticeably). 舞台倾斜得厉害。
['æŋ.gl] verb transitive
DIRECT 指向
■to direct information at a particular group of people 向（特定人群）提供资讯；定位于
• The magazine is angled at the 20-35 year-old women's market. 该杂志以20岁到35岁之间的女性读者为对象。
['æŋ.gl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  angle for sth mainly disapproving
■If someone is angling for something, they are trying to get something without asking for it directly （用暗示等方法）猎取，谋求
• He's clearly angling for a job/an invitation. 很明显，他在拐弯抹角地想得到一份工作／一张请柬。
corner, angle
这组词都有“角”的意思，其区别是：
corner: 多指物体的棱角或房间、街道的角落。
angle: 几何学上的用词，指两条直线相交而成的角。也可引申指看问题的方面或角度。
aspect, side, phase, angle
这组词都有“方面”的意思，其区别是：
aspect: 着重以特定观点对事物进行观察或考虑。
side: 可与aspect和phase换用，但更着重构成事物全貌的一个或多个方面。
phase: 指可以对事物进行观察或描述或考虑的任何方面。
angle: 专指从某一角度去观察、考虑事物的某个方面。
vi. 钓鱼；谋取
 - fish, figure for
n. 角度， [数] 角
 - hao, jiao

Word: escalating
Front: escalating
[ˈeskəleitɪŋ] (10940/14112)
Back: v. （使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 ); （使）逐步扩大; （使）更高; （使）更大
分布：升级(85%)，逐步升级(12%)，升高(3%)
V-ERG
（使）扩大;（使）恶化;（使）升级
If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.
例：Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate...工会和管理层都担心争端会恶化。
例：The protests escalated into five days of rioting...抗议升级为为期5天的骚乱。

Word: treacherous
Front: treacherous
[ˈtretʃərəs] (托宝 10946/9960 -1)
Vocabulary: treacherous
(once / 603 pages)
adj
Treacherous means either not trusted or dangerous. A treacherous road might be icy or otherwise likely to cause a car accident. A treacherous friend will betray you.
Treachery refers to harmful acts you might do to someone who trusts you. It can also refer to being disloyal to your native country, but the word treason is more common in this sense. Treachery is from Middle English trecherie, from Old French, from trichier "to trick or cheat." The English word trick is from trikier, a slightly different spelling that was used in some dialects of Old French.
WORD FAMILY
treacherous: treacherousest, treacherously +/ treachery: treacheries, treacherous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Forecasting reforms in the city’s Youth Rehabilitation Act , the second - chance law for youthful offenders, is an even more treacherous undertaking.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
During the past year, as America embarked on the treacherous task of selecting a new president, Canada selected, for the first time, a national bird.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The camp’s grounds were under a treacherous layer of mud on Wednesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 骗人的; 不忠的; 奸诈的; 不可信的
adv. 背信弃义地
n. 背信弃义，背叛
分布：危险的(60%)，背叛的(22%)，不可靠的(9%)，背信弃义的(9%)
→来自 treachery,背叛，不忠，-ous,形容词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
DANGEROUS 危险的
■If the ground or sea is treacherous, it is extremely dangerous, especially because of bad weather conditions （地面或大海尤因气候恶劣）极端危险的，凶险的
• Snow and ice have left many roads treacherous, and motorists are warned to drive slowly. 冰雪使许多道路危机四伏，汽车司机被告诫要开慢些。
UK ['tretʃ.ər.əs] US [-ɚ-] adjective
NOT LOYAL 不忠的 mainly old use
■A person who is treacherous deceives someone who trusts them, or has no loyalty （人）不忠的，背信弃义的
• Vargas plays the part of a treacherous aristocrat who betrays his king and country. 瓦加斯扮演一个背叛了国王和祖国的不忠贵族。
• I feel a bit treacherous to my own sex if I ever make general criticisms of women. 如果我泛泛地批评妇女，我会感到有点背叛自己的性别。
adj. 奸诈的，叛逆的，背叛的；危险的；不牢靠的
 - dangerous, critical

Word: foreman
Front: foreman
[ˈfɔ:mən] (10961/9815 -1)
Back: n. 工头，领班; 首席陪审员
分布：工头(64%)，领班(31%)，陪审团团长(5%)
US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
PERSON AT WORK 在工作的人 specialized a skilled person with experience who is in charge of and watches over a group of workers 工头；领班
UK ['fɔ:.mən] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
IN A COURT OF LAW 在法庭中
■in a court of law, one member of the jury who is chosen to be in charge of their discussions and to speak officially for them 陪审团团长
n. [劳经] 领班；陪审团主席
 - gaffer, ganger

Word: memorandum
Front: memorandum
[ˌmeməˈrændəm] (托 10968/5460 -1)
Vocabulary: memorandum
(once / 1408 pages)
n
A memorandum is a written record, message, or reminder. If your boss sends out a memorandum that there'll be a special teamwork-building workshop on Friday morning, get ready to do trust falls.
Memoranda (that's the plural) are often used in diplomacy, business, and law. Two countries might sign a memorandum of understanding that they will equally share use of the river that runs between them. A member of Congress might publish a memorandum criticizing the government’s education policies. You’re probably more familiar with the word's shortened form, memo, which means the same thing but is usually used in informal contexts, such as for messages within an office.
WORD FAMILY
memorandum: memorandums
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in a veto memorandum he said the bill didn’t fully address the problem.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
While working at that firm, I was asked to prepare a memorandum for one of its most successful and influential partners.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Hercules Campus West offered “a rare opportunity to replicate a 16-year Google bond that is not available in the market today,” the marketing memorandum said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. [外]照会，备忘录; [商]便笺，函; 记录; [法]（契约等条文的）节略
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语memor,记忆，词源同memory.-and,动名词后缀，-um,中性格。引申词义备忘录。
备忘录(memor+andum东西→[帮助]记的东西→备忘录)[memor=memory,表示"记忆"]
noun countable (plural memoranda or memorandums)
DOCUMENT 文件 specialized
■a short written report prepared specially for a person or group of people which contains information about a particular matter 报告
• Michael Davis has prepared a memorandum outlining our need for an additional warehouse. 麦克•戴维斯准备了一份报告，概述了我们还需要一个仓库。
■legal
■an informal legal agreement 协议备忘录
• The three countries have signed a memorandum pledging to work together. 这三个国家签署了一份协议备忘录，承诺会互相合作。
[ˌmem.ə'ræn.dəm] noun countable (plural memoranda or memorandums)
MESSAGE 讯息 formal
■a memo
n. 备忘录；便笺
 - note, minute

Word: fragmentation
Front: fragmentation
[ˌfræɡmen'teɪʃn] (10975/10629)
Vocabulary: fragmentation
(once / 21767 pages)
n
Fragmentation describes a separating of something into pieces. The way a family can be affected by divorce, its members living in separate houses, is one kind of fragmentation.
People often have an image of an exploding bomb when they think about fragmentation, and that sense of something breaking into tiny particles is a useful way to think of the word, no matter how it's used. A burst water balloon experiences fragmentation, and so does a city disrupted by violence. The Latin root word, fragmentum, literally means "a piece broken off," or a fragment.
WORD FAMILY
fragmentation: fragmentations+/ fragment: fragmental, fragmentary, fragmentation, fragmented, fragmenting, fragmentise, fragmentize, fragments/fragmentary: fragmentarily/fragmentize: fragmentized, fragmentizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The spread of the right to be forgotten is part of a wider trend towards the fragmentation of the internet.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
They threw a fragmentation grenade over the compound wall, then followed it inside.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If Trump succeeds in rolling back financial legislation or eases up on its enforcement, it will accelerate a trend towards regulatory fragmentation globally.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 分裂，破碎
分布：破碎(65%)，分裂(35%)
【反】consolidation（n 巩固；合并）
N-COUNT
碎片;片断;小部分
A fragment of something is a small piece or part of it.
例：...fragments of metal in my shoulder...我肩膀里的几块金属碎片
例：She read everything, digesting every fragment of news.她什么都看，对新闻的每个片段都细细品味。
V-ERG
(使)成碎片;(使)分裂;(使)分化
If something fragments or is fragmented, it breaks or separates into small pieces or parts.
例：The clouds fragmented and out came the sun...乌云散开，太阳出来了。
例：Fierce rivalries have traditionally fragmented the region...激烈的竞争已经如从前一样使得该地区四分五裂。
n. 破碎； [心理] 分裂； [计] 存储残片
 - fracturing, disruption

Word: changed
Front: changed
[tʃeɪndʒd] (10960/8407)
Back: [医]变化的，改变的
分布：改变的(90%)，动词change的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
adjective
a changed man/woman
■someone whose behaviour and character has changed a lot, especially improved 变了样的男人／女人（尤指变好）
• He's a changed man since he met Debbie. 自从遇到黛比，他整个人都变了。
adj. 改变的；变化的
 - varying, sliding, metabolic
v. 改变（change的过去式和过去分词）
 - varied

Word: moderation
Front: moderation
[ˌmɒdəˈreɪʃn] (10954/11382 -1)
Vocabulary: moderation
(once / 884 pages)
1n 2n
Eating foods in moderation is a key to maintaining a healthy diet. That means you have a little bit of everything, rather than gorging, say, on steak and ice cream.
The word moderation describes a middle ground often in either behavior or political opinions. When a politician tries not to be too extreme to the left or right, he is using moderation to hold a middle ground in the hopes of getting as many voters as possible. Moderation can also be the act of tempering an extreme. Try a moderation of your coffee habit, and cut down from 8 cups a day to 2.
WORD FAMILY
moderation: moderationism, moderationist, moderations+/ immoderate: immoderately, immoderateness, immoderation/ moderate: immoderate, moderated, moderately, moderateness, moderates, moderating, moderation, moderatism, moderator/moderated: unmoderated/moderator: moderators, moderatorship
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I promise the Chianti will be flowing from lunch on,” said Ms. Berry, a Buddhist who observes the concept of moderation rather than deprivation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Highlighting the “occupied territories”—in U.N. resolutions, for example—implies moderation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Critically, a warning to eat sugar, fats and salts in moderation was added in 1982.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 适度; 自我节制; 稳定，镇定; （牛津大学）B.A学位的第一次考试
分布：适度(51%)，节制(38%)，缓和(10%)，计分审核制(1%)
→来自moderate,适度的，适中的。
US [ˌmɑ:.də'reɪ-] noun uncountable
REASONABLE LIMITS 合理的限制
■the quality of doing something within reasonable limits 适度，适中
• You can eat whatever you like as long as it's in moderation. 你想吃甚么都可以，只要适量就好。
• All parties will have to show great moderation during these very difficult negotiations. 在艰难的谈判期间，所有的党派将不得不表现出极大的克制。
UK [ˌmɒd.ər'eɪ.ʃən] US [ˌmɑ:.də'reɪ-] noun uncountable
REDUCTION 缩减 slightly formal
■when something becomes less in size, strength, or force （大小、强度、力量的）减少
• We can't sail until there is some moderation of the storm. 暴风雨略为减弱以后，我们才能出航。
UK [ˌmɒd.ər'eɪ.ʃən] US [ˌmɑ:.də'reɪ-] noun uncountable
Moderation in all things. saying
■said to advise someone that it is best not to have or do too much or too little of anything 凡事适可而止。
n. 适度；节制；温和；缓和
 - relaxation, temperateness

Word: outstretched
Front: outstretched
[ˌaʊtˈstretʃt] (10949/10480 -1)
Back: adj. 伸展的; 扩张的
v. 伸出; 扩展(outstretch的过去分词)
分布：扩张的(50%)，伸长的(25%)，动词outstretch的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
adjective
■reaching out as far as possible 展开的，伸出的
• He ran up to her, his arms outstretched. 他张开双臂向她跑去。
• She put some pesos into the little girl's outstretched hand. 她将几披索放进小女孩伸出的手里。
adj. 伸开的；扩张的
 - expansive, ectatic
v. 伸出；扩大；伸展得超出…的范围（outstretch的过去分词形式）
 - broadened, enlarged

Word: rearview
Front: rearview
['rɪəvju:] (10873/45240)
Back: 背面
分布：名词(100%)
n. 后视镜，背视图；后视的
 - rear-view mirror, door mirror

Word: mulch
Front: mulch
[mʌltʃ] (10987/25730 -1)
Vocabulary: mulch
(once / 10111 pages)
nv
In a garden or on a farm, mulch is an insulating and protective material that's spread over the soil. Mulch is made of organic stuff like bark or leaves.
Mulch is almost magical in a flower or vegetable garden, keeping plants warm enough during the winter and cool enough during the summer. Mulch also suppresses the growth of weeds and encourages earthworms to burrow in the soil, which helps keep plants healthy. It also keeps the earth moist, by blocking some rainwater from evaporating. The word mulch comes from the Old English molsh, "soft and moist."
WORD FAMILY
mulch: mulched, mulches, mulching
USAGE EXAMPLES
All trees collected will be chipped into mulch and placed at Highland Cemetery.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The mulch is then used at playgrounds, for government beautification projects and even in some individual yards.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He mulched his front yard in a day.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 护根（用以保持水分、消灭杂草等的覆盖物，如稻草、腐叶或塑料膜）
vt. 用护根覆盖（植物根部或其周围地面）
时态：mulched, mulching, mulches
分布：护根(51%)，做护根(22%)，护盖物(18%)，铺护盖物(9%)
→可能来自mel,软的，词源同mill,mild.用于指保护树木生长的腐土，软土，即护根。
【记】读：猫吃，猫爱吃的东西是mulch，里面含有树叶、草等有机物。
【区】mulct（n 罚金；v 处以罚金）读：猫磕他，猫磕了他一下，要罚款，就像狗咬了他一下一样。
noun countable or uncountable
■a covering of decaying leaves that is spread over the soil in order to keep water in it or to improve it （为保持水分、肥沃土壤等用的）覆盖料（或物），覆盖层
[mʌltʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to put mulch on or around something 加覆盖层
• [+ adv/prep] Mulch around the base of the roses. 在玫瑰根部周围加覆盖层。
• Mulch the roses. 在玫瑰的根部加覆盖层。
n. [材] 覆盖物，护盖物；护根
 - covering, integument

Word: mythical
Front: mythical
[ˈmɪθɪkl] (托 10983/13726)
Vocabulary: mythical
(once / 2142 pages)
adj
Mythical means from myth, fables, or other traditional stories. A mythical story has no basis in historical events. Sometimes someone whose deeds far outshine others is referred to as mythical.
There are a number of mythical animals that inhabit stories from around the globe. A white horse with a horn protruding from its forehead, the unicorn, is a mythical beast that is very popular worldwide. Much of Western art takes mythical stories, gods, goddesses, or other spirit creatures as subject matter.
WORD FAMILY
myth: mythic, mythical, mythicise, mythicize, myths+/mythic: mythically/mythicize: mythicized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reliefs that once displayed gods and mythical creatures are reduced to random chunks showing a hand or a few feathers of a genie’s wing.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On Thursday, like seven small mythical phoenixes who rose from the ashes, the new birds arrived in Grant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As a mythical space heroine, Carrie Fisher read as a real person.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 神话的; 虚构的
分布：虚构的(64%)，神话的(32%)，杜撰出来的(4%)
adjective (also mythic]'mɪθ.ɪ.k/)
■existing only in stories 神话的；只存在于神话中的
• the mythical island of Atlantis 神话中的亚特兰提斯岛
• a mythical hero 神话中的英雄
• dragons and other mythical creatures 龙和其他神话动物
■imaginary or not real 虚构的；杜撰出来的
• Start living life here and now instead of waiting for that mythical day when you'll be slim. 现在就赶快回到现实吧，不要坐着幻想身材苗条的那一天。
adj. 神话的；虚构的
 - fictitious, imaginary

Word: mover
Front: mover
[ˈmu:və(r)] (10974/11742 -1)
Back: n. 原动力; 搬家工人; 鼓动者; 搬运公司
分布：移动的人或物(34%)，搬运工或公司(33%)，提议者(33%)
US [-vɚ] noun countable
MOVE POSSESSIONS 搬走财物 US (UK remover) (Australian removalist)
■someone who helps people move their possessions to a different place to live or work 搬运工人
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
DANCER 舞蹈家 old-fashioned
■used in descriptions of how someone dances 跳舞的人
• He's a great mover. 他是位伟大的舞蹈家。
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
SELL 销售 informal a product which sells very well 畅销商品
• These skirts have been one of our best movers this spring. 这些裙子是今年春季我们最畅销的商品之一。
UK ['mu:.vər] US [-vɚ] noun countable
SUGGEST 提议 specialized
■a person who formally makes a suggestion during a formal meeting or discussion 提议者
n. [动力] 原动力；鼓动者；搬运公司；搬家工人
 - motivity, impulsion

Word: far-reaching
Front: far-reaching
[fɑ: 'ri:tʃɪŋ] (托宝 -1)
Back: adj. 深远的，广泛的，深至远处的
分布：深远的(63%)，伸至远处的(25%)，广大的(12%)
US [ˌfɑ:r-] adjective
■Something far-reaching has a great influence on many people or things 影响深远的；波及广泛的
• These new laws will have far-reaching benefits for all working mothers. 这些新法律影响深远，将惠及所有在职母亲。
adj. 深远的；广泛的；伸至远处的
 - extensive, widespread, comprehensive

Word: embodiment
Front: embodiment
[ɪmˈbɒdimənt] (宝 10972/14090 -1)
Vocabulary: embodiment
(once / 1736 pages)
n
The embodiment of something gives concrete form to an abstract idea. A flag is the embodiment of a country.
When you talk about embodiment, you're talking about giving a form to ideas that are usually not physical: like love, hate, fear, justice, etc. A gavel is the embodiment of justice; a wedding ring can be the embodiment of love. The word body in embodiment is a clue to its meaning: this is a word for giving a body to things that usually don't have one.
WORD FAMILY
embodiment: embodiments+/disembody: disembodied, disembodying/embodied: unembodied/ embody: disembody, embodied, embodies, embodiment, embodying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brooklyn rapper Conceited's pursed lips are the physical embodiment of "you thought."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She will always be the embodiment of everything a princess should be.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
His blackness isn’t just obvious, it’s aggressive; through Mr. Maaravi’s lens, he is the modern embodiment of generations of idealized black bodies.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 体现; 化身; 具体化
分布：体现(75%)，化身(25%)
化身;体现(embody体现)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
US [-'bɑ:.dɪ-] noun
the embodiment of sth
■someone or something that represents a quality or an idea exactly （某种品质或思想的）化身，表现，典型
• He was the embodiment of the English gentleman. 他是典型的英国绅士。
• She was portrayed in the papers as the embodiment of evil. 她被报纸描述为邪恶的化身。
n. 体现；化身；具体化
 - picture, shape, pink

Word: leukemia
Front: leukemia
[lu:'ki:mɪə] (10984/43006)
Back: n. <医>白血病（俗称血癌）
分布：白血病(100%)
n. [内科] [肿瘤] 白血病
 - luckemia, leucocythemia

Word: dwindling
Front: dwindling
[ˈdwindlɪŋ] (10969/14053)
Back: adj. 逐渐减少的
v. 逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 )
分布：减少(79%)，缩小(21%)
VERB
(数量上)减少,缩小
If something dwindles, it becomes smaller, weaker, or less in number.
例：The factory's workforce has dwindled from over 4,000 to a few hundred...工厂雇员总数已经从 4,000 多人减少到几百人。
例：Exports are dwindling and the trade deficit is swelling...出口在缩减，贸易赤字在增长。

Word: intrusive
Front: intrusive
[ɪnˈtru:sɪv] (研 10964/13843 -1)
Vocabulary: intrusive
(once / 4198 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something intrusive is getting in your face or invading your space. Nosey questions, a poke in the ribs, and a hovering mother are all intrusive.
Things that are intrusive are a real pain in the neck: they intrude on you. If someone asks you a million questions, especially personal questions, that's intrusive behavior. When photographers hound celebrities, they're being intrusive. If a rock is sticking out and getting in people's way, then it's intrusive. All meanings of intrusive involve something being where it doesn't belong.
WORD FAMILY
intrusive: intrusively, intrusiveness, unintrusive+/ intrude: intruded, intruder, intrudes, intruding, intrusion, intrusive / intruder: intruders/ intrusion: intrusions/unintrusive: unintrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s gratingly intrusive when it tries to keep you busy, and transcendentally comforting when it settles for just keeping you company.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But while the hacking focused attention on one particularly stealthy, intrusive way of influencing other states, it is just one lever that the Kremlin pulls.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In 1986, for instance, when he testified before Congress, he called the Voting Rights Act “intrusive” but “necessary.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 闯入的，打扰的; 侵入的
分布：侵入的(75%)，打搅的(25%)
→来自intrude,侵入，侵犯。
adjective
■affecting someone or something in an annoying, disturbing and unwanted way 打搅的；侵扰的
• intrusive questioning 唐突的盘问
• intrusive lighting 扰人的照明
adj. [岩] 侵入的；打扰的
 - instrusive, incursive

Word: confidently
Front: confidently
['kɒnfədəntlɪ] (10966/8438 -K)
Back: adv. 确信地，肯定地; 自信地
分布：自信地(60%)，有信心地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
坚信的;有信心的
If you are confident about something, you are certain that it will happen in the way you want it to.
例：I am confident that everything will come out right in time...我坚信一切终究都会好起来。
例：Mr Ryan is confident of success...瑞安先生坚信一定会成功。
ADJ-GRADED
自信的;充满信心的
If a person or their manner is confident, they feel sure about their own abilities, qualities, or ideas.
例：In time he became more confident and relaxed...过了一段时间，他变得更加自信、更为放松。
例：She is a confident woman who is certain of her views.她是一位充满自信的女性，对自己的观点深信不疑。
ADJ-GRADED
肯定的;有把握的
If you are confident that something is true, you are sure that it is true. A confident statement is one that the speaker is sure is true.
例：She is confident that everybody is on her side...她确信所有人都站在她这边。
例：'Bet you I can', comes the confident reply.“我肯定行。”传来一个很有把握的回答。
adv. 自信地；安心地
 - assertorically, securely

Word: infinitely
Front: infinitely
[ˈɪnfɪnətli] (六 10970/7709)
Back: adv. 无限地，无穷地; 极其
分布：无限地(55%)，无穷地(45%)
adverb
■very or very much 非常；无限地；极大地
• Travel is infinitely more comfortable now than it used to be. 现在旅行比过去舒服多了。
adv. 无限地；极其
 - extremely, most, rare

Word: powerhouse
Front: powerhouse
[ˈpaʊəhaʊs] (10993/21042 -1)
Back: n. 强大的集团[组织]; 精力充沛的人，身强力壮的人; 动力室
分布：发电站(49%)，动力室(29%)，精力旺盛的人(22%)
→比喻用法。
US ['paʊr-] noun countable usually singular
■a country, organization or person with a lot of influence, power or energy 强国；权势集团；显贵；身强体壮的人；精力充沛的人
• Germany is an economic powerhouse. 德国是经济强国。
• The university is no longer the academic powerhouse that it once was. 这所大学今非昔比，已不再是学术重镇了。
• She's a powerhouse of original ideas and solutions. 她总有许多独到的见解和具有创意的点子。

Word: front-runner
Front: front-runner
['frʌnt'rʌnɚ] (-1)
Back: n. 赛跑中跑在前头的人; 竞争中的领先者
分布：竞争领先者(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■the person, animal or organization that is most likely to win something 最有可能获胜者；领先者
• She is one of the front-runners in the contest. 她是竞赛中的领先者之一。

Word: syndicated
Front: syndicated
['sɪndɪkeɪtɪd] (10992/35309)
Back: adj. 成为企业组合的
v. （使）联合组成辛迪加( syndicate的过去式和过去分词 ); （通过报业联合组织）出售（稿件）
分布：在多家报纸期刊上同时发表的(50%)，动词syndicate的过去式和过去分词.(50%)
US [-ɪd] adjective
■(of articles and photographs) sold to several different newspapers and magazines for publishing （稿件和照片）卖给多家报刊杂志发表的，一稿多投的
mainly US
■(of television or radio programmes) sold to several different broadcasting organizations （电视或广播节目）卖给多间播出单位的

Word: overdue
Front: overdue
[ˌəʊvəˈdju:] (四托雅宝 10973/11116 -1)
Vocabulary: overdue
(once / 4462 pages)
adj
Something that's overdue should have happened or been dealt with a long time ago, like the long overdue recognition for the people who rescued motorists in last winter's big snowstorm.
Overdue literally means "past the due date." Bills that aren't paid on time are overdue. So are library books not returned or renewed by the date specified by the library. However, some things that are overdue don't have a particular date associated with them. Instead, it is up to subjective perception: if it seems "too long" then something may be considered overdue, like an overdue visit from a friend or a positive change that's overdue.
WORD FAMILY
due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue +/ duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/ undue: unduely, unduly /unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
House speaker Paul Ryan called the sanctions “overdue” and “an appropriate way to end eight years of failed policy with Russia”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The recovery of overdue books happens regularly in the library world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Some simply added a homeowners’ overdue amount to their current payments, increasing rather than lowering their payments.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过期的; 延误的，迟到的; 未兑的; 早应完成的
分布：过期的(49%)，迟到的(42%)，未兑的(9%)
→over-,超过，due,到期的。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'du:] adjective
■not done or happening when expected or when needed; late 过期的；延误的；迟的
• My library books are a week overdue. 我借图书馆的书过期一个星期了。
• The baby is two weeks overdue (= The baby was expected to be born two weeks ago). 已经超过预产期两周了。
• Changes to the tax system are long overdue. 税收制度早该改革了。
• She feels she's overdue for promotion. 她觉得她早该被提升。
adj. 过期的；迟到的；未兑的
 - past-due, expired

Word: metabolic
Front: metabolic
[ˌmetə'bɒlɪk] (六托 10967/10858 -1)
Back: adj. 新陈代谢的; 变化的
分布：新陈代谢的(100%)
ADJ
新陈代谢的;代谢作用的
Metabolic means relating to a person's or animal's metabolism.
例：...people who have inherited a low metabolic rate.因遗传而新陈代谢速度慢的人
adj. 变化的； [生理] 新陈代谢的
 - changed, sliding, varying, variational

Word: upstairs
Front: upstairs
[ˌʌpˈsteəz] (中高研四六 4381/3067 -K2)
Back: adv. 在楼上，往楼上; 在高空
adj. 楼上的
n. 楼上
分布：楼上(62%)，在楼上(20%)，楼上的(15%)，往楼上(2%)，上层的(1%)
ad.向楼上;在楼上;上楼ad.楼上的I met a fairly unfair affair upstairs.我在楼上遇到一件颇不公平的事.
US [-'sterz] adverb [before noun] adjective
 IMPROVER
■towards or on the highest floor or floors of a building 往楼上（的）；在楼上（的）
• an upstairs landing/window 楼上的平台／窗户
• He heard glass breaking and ran upstairs to see what had caused it. 听到玻璃破碎的声音，她跑上楼去看是怎么回事。
Opposite downstairs
adv. 在楼上，向楼上；上楼；往楼上
 - abovestairs

Word: drip
Front: drip
[drɪp] (研四六托 6019/7196 -2)
Vocabulary: drip
(once / 519 pages)
nv
When water flows slowly in tiny drops, it drips. The movement of water in this way is called a drip.
Have you ever had a leaky faucet? Then you probably know a drip is water leaking out one drop at a time: drip drip drip. A broken faucet has a drip, and you can say the water is dripping. When it rains, it usually starts dripping before it rains harder. When you turn on the shower, it might start as drips. Once the water is flowing strongly and in a stream, it's not dripping anymore.
WORD FAMILY
drip: dripless, dripped, dripping, drippy, drips+/dripping: drippings/drippy: drippiest, drippiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The immunity IV drip involves one litre of hydration and is designed to "combat superbugs and common viruses", according to the Drip Doctors website.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Yours may drip like a spaniel’s, too, but every bite of that tender, fragrant pork was worth it.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, it was a slow drip of weakness as China continued to intervene heavily in markets to prop up the yuan against a surging dollar.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）滴下
vi. 滴出; 含有; 充满; 充溢
n. 滴答，滴答滴答的声音; 水滴; [医]点滴; 点滴（的信息等）
时态：dripped, dripping, drips
分布：滴(85%)，点滴(8%)，滴下(6%)，乏味的人(1%)
→来自dhreu, 滴，词源同drop.
v.滴下,漏水n.滴,水滴,点滴The chop shopkeeper let the blood drip to the crops.排骨店老板让血滴到庄稼上.
verb (-pp-)
intransitive or transitive
■If a liquid drips, it falls in drops, or you make it fall in drops （使）滴下
• Water dripped down the wall. 水顺着墙滴下来。
• She dripped paint on the carpet. 她把油漆滴在了地毯上。
intransitive
■to produce drops of liquid 滴落；滴水
• Watch out - the candle's dripping. 小心——蜡烛滴油了。
[drɪp] verb (-pp-)
be dripping with sth humorous
■to be wearing a lot of something （某物）穿戴很多的…
• She was absolutely dripping with gold/jewels. 她满身金饰／穿戴一身宝石。
[drɪp] noun
LIQUID 液体
countable
■a drop of liquid 一滴；滴液
• drips of paint/sweat 几滴油漆／汗珠
only singular
■the sound or action of liquid falling in drops 滴水声；滴下
• All I could hear was the drip of the rain from the roof. 我只能听到雨水从房顶滴下来的声音。
countable UK (US also IV)
■a method of slowly giving someone liquid medicine or food through a tube into one of their veins , or a piece of equipment for doing this 输液；点滴注射器
• He was on a drip for three days. 已经给他打了三天点滴了。
[drɪp] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal disapproving
■a boring person without a strong character 没有个性的人，乏味的人
• Her husband is such a drip. 她的丈夫真是无聊透顶。
[drɪp] noun
drip, drip, (drip)
■used to describe a process in which something bad happens very slowly 形容坏事缓慢发生的过程
• the steady drip, drip, drip with which small independently-owned shops are disappearing 小型个体商店的渐渐消失
drip, leak
这组词都有“滴，漏”的意思，其区别是：
drip: 侧重以点滴形式下落，也指漏出或溢出。
leak: 侧重液体或气体等从容器漏出，或泄漏了消息。
vi. 滴下；充满；漏下
 - abound with, be imbued with
n. 水滴， [建] 滴水声；静脉滴注；使人厌烦的人
 - waterdrop
vt. 使滴下；溢出，发出
 - flood, emit

Word: flick
Front: flick
[flɪk] (宝 6850/5412 -2)
Vocabulary: flick
(once / 424 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4n
A flick is a quick, short movement, usually coming from the wrist or hand. There used to be a "Flick a Bic" cigarette ad: cigarettes are awful, but starting a lighter is a classic flick.
The most common flick is probably turning a switch on or off — people flick switches, like light switches. Flicking is also used when describing golfers and basketball players. A fast, sharp golf shot could be called a flick. A quick basketball shot — like tipping the ball in with one second left in the game — is also a flick. A flick can also be described as a quick jerk — not a jerk as in a bad person, but a tiny movement. If you're using your whole body or even your whole arm, you're not flicking.
WORD FAMILY
flick: flicked, flicker, flicking, flicks+/ flicker: flickered, flickering, flickers/flickering: flickeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There were shades of a scorpion kick, albeit with only one leg; a rainbow flick or whatever else the gamers want to call it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Also, what with food involved in a dinner party, think eyeliner flicks rather than lipstick.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I quickly grabbed my sheet and flicked it, repulsed that the roach was in my sheet.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 轻弹，轻击; 轻拂; 忽然摇动
n. 轻弹，轻拂; 快速的轻打; 轻弹声; 电影
时态：flicked, flicking, flicks
分布：电影(56%)，轻弹(18%)，忽然摇动(9%)，抖动(5%)，快速的轻打(4%)，轻击(4%)，按开开关(2%)，快速翻阅(2%)
→来自辅音丛bl, fl, 折腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flip. -ck, 清脆音，比较click.
【记】f放，lick（n /v 舔）：你的男朋友把你放倒，想lick你，如果你愿意就flick他（故作挣扎状），要不太没面子了，如果你不愿意就使劲flick他！！
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
 ADVANCED
■to move or hit something with a short sudden movement （迅速）轻击，轻弹，轻拍，轻拂
• He carefully flicked the loose hairs from the shoulders of his jacket. 他仔细地把落在上衣肩上的头发轻轻弹掉。
• She quickly flicked the crumbs off the table. 她迅速地把桌子上的碎屑拂去。
• Horses flick their tails to make flies go away. 这些马轻甩尾巴驱赶苍蝇。
• Windscreen wipers flick from side to side. 挡风玻璃雨刷左右摆动。
• The boys ran round the swimming pool, flicking each other with their towels. 男孩们绕着游泳池追逐嬉闹，相互用毛巾甩打。
• The lizard flicked out its tongue at a fly. 蜥蜴朝一只苍蝇倏地伸出舌头。
• His eyes flicked between her and the door. 他的目光在她和房门之间游移。
[flɪk] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flick sth on/off
■to move a switch in order to make electrical equipment start/stop working 啪地打开／关上（电器的开关）
• Could you flick the light switch on for me, please? 请帮我把灯打开好吗？
[flɪk] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flick through sth
■to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc. 快速浏览，草草翻阅
[flɪk] noun countable
QUICK MOVEMENT 快速的动作
■a sudden, quick movement 轻打；轻甩；轻击
• With a flick of its tail, the cat was gone. 那只猫尾巴一甩，很快便不见了。
• A flick of a switch turns the machine on. 轻轻一按开关，机器就打开了。
have a flick through sth
■to quickly look at the pages of a book, magazine, etc 快速浏览，草草翻阅
• I've had a flick through their brochure and it looks quite interesting. 我已经迅速浏览了一下他们的小册子，看起来相当有趣。
[flɪk] noun countable
FILM 电影 UK old-fashioned informal
■a film See skin flick ; chick flick
the flicks [plural] UK old-fashioned informal
■the cinema 戏院
• What's on at the flicks this week? 这周戏院放映甚么？

Word: shabby
Front: shabby
[ˈʃæbi] (高研六托雅宝 10996/10226 -1)
Vocabulary: shabby
(once / 681 pages)
adj
The adjective shabby describes something that is threadbare or worn out. Your last apartment was clean, but the furniture and carpets were so shabby that you were embarrassed to invite your friends over.
The adjective shabby also describes a manner of acting that is mean or contemptible. If you spent your whole childhood treating your younger brother in a shabby way, you can't expect him to be your friend when you're older. In modern slang, if you say something is "not too shabby," you mean that it was good. You might compliment your brother by telling him his soda can sculpture isn't too shabby.
WORD FAMILY
shabby: shabbier, shabbiest, shabbily, shabbiness+/shabbiness: shabbinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once merrily decorated during the holidays, Caracas looks shabby.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
And despite not winning any majors, Day wasn’t too shabby in golf’s four biggest events.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
“When kids see a guy in a shabby suit and a beard hanging down past his face, it just isn’t believable,” Gable said.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 破旧的，衣衫褴褛的; 卑鄙的; 悭吝的; 低劣的，下流的
级别：shabbier, shabbiest
分布：破旧的(79%)，寒酸的(16%)，卑劣的(5%)
→等同于 scab,疥癣，疮疤，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义脏的，破败的，破旧的。
a.简陋的,破旧的,卑鄙的,不公平的He looks shabby.他的样子寒酸.
【记】读：傻bby－衣衫破烂的；下贱卑鄙的
adjective
BAD CONDITION 条件差
■looking old and in bad condition because of being used for a long time or not being cared for 破烂的，破旧的
• He wore a shabby old overcoat. 他穿着一件破旧的大衣。
• Her home is a rented one-bedroom flat in a shabby part of town. 她的住所是一套租来的雅房公寓，位于城里很差的地段。
• The refugees were shabby (= wore old clothes in bad condition) and hungry. 难民们衣衫褴褛，饥肠辘辘。
['ʃæb.i] adjective
NOT FAIR 不公平的
■not honourable or fair; unacceptable 不光彩的；不公正的；不能接受的
• She spoke out about the shabby way the case had been handled. 她揭露了对这件案子不公正的处理方式。
• I felt the whole affair was a bit shabby. 我感觉整个事件有点不光彩。
['ʃæb.i] adjective
not so shabby/not too shabby slang
■used for saying that something is good 不错；不赖
• It was a not so shabby week for the team who had three wins. 那个周末还不赖，这个队伍已经赢了三场。
mean, shabby, cheap, low
这组词都有“卑鄙的，卑贱的，卑下的”的意思，其区别是：
mean: 暗示狠毒、贪婪、缺乏尊严感等为人们所不耻的卑鄙、自私、渺小的行为。
shabby: 指行为的不公和卑劣而使人感到不屑和轻蔑。
cheap: 侧旨人或物的品质低劣下贱。
low: 指行为卑鄙、可耻、下文明，可引申指庸俗。
adj. 破旧的；卑鄙的；吝啬的；低劣的
 - poor, mean, tight, base, shot

Word: determining
Front: determining
[dɪ'tɜ:mɪnɪŋ] (10963/11913)
Back: v. （使）下决心， （使）做出决定( determine的现在分词 ); 决定; 确定; 使决定
分布：决定的(50%)，动词determine的现在分词.(50%)
VERB
是…的决定因素
If a particular factor determines the nature of a thing or event, it causes it to be of a particular kind.
例：The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time...鸡块的大小将决定烹饪时间的长短。
例：Social status is largely determined by the occupation of the main breadwinner...社会地位很大程度上是由家里经济支柱的职业决定的。
VERB
确定;查明
To determine a fact means to discover it as a result of investigation.
例：The investigation will determine what really happened...调查会查明到底发生了什么事情。
例：Testing needs to be done to determine the long-term effects on humans...需要进行检测以确定其对人的长期影响。
VERB
决定;敲定
If you determine something, you decide it or settle it.
例：The Baltic people have a right to determine their own future...波罗的海各国人民有权决定自己的未来。
例：The final wording had not yet been determined...最终措辞仍未敲定。
VERB
下决心;决意;决定
If you determine to do something, you make a firm decision to do it.
例：He determined to rescue his two countrymen...他决意营救自己的两名同胞。
例：I determined that I would ask him outright.我下定决心要直截了当地问他。
v. 决定（determine的ing形式）
 - choosing, deciding

Word: overhaul
Front: overhaul
[ˈəʊvəhɔ:l] (研托雅宝 11001/12280 -1)
Vocabulary: overhaul
(once / 858 pages)
1vn 2v
To overhaul is to completely renovate, making major changes in order to repair. A few shutters and a new coat of paint won't come close to fixing that old, boarded-up house — it needs a complete overhaul.
Back in the 1620s when the word was coined, overhaul described examining a fishing net to make sure there were no tears or big holes that would keep the fisherman from getting a big haul, or large amount of fish. Today, an overhaul is usually the result of such a close examination — like the overhaul that some people want to make to American public schools, or the overhaul an old car needs to keep it on the road.
WORD FAMILY
overhaul: overhauled, overhauling, overhauls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scot McCloughan’s toughest job of the offseason involves finding the most effective way to overhaul a defense that’s sorely lacking in talent.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Deal’s agenda is expected to include an overhaul of the state’s education funding process.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The tax overhaul and an infrastructure bill may be two opportunities for bipartisan cooperation — the Senate Finance Committee is already moving in that direction.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 彻底检查; 翻修，检修; 赶上（他船）; 解松（船的）绳索
n. 检查; 彻底检修; 详细检查; 大修
时态：overhauled, overhauling, overhauls
分布：彻底检查(28%)，革新(22%)，翻修(18%)，仔细检查(15%)，赶上(9%)，全面检修(8%)
→over-,在上，haul,拉。原为航海术语，指把船帆索具拉起来进行大的修理，后词义通用化。
彻底检修(over+haul拉→拉过去检修)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
US ['oʊ.vɚ.hɑ:l] verb transitive
■to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should 彻底检修，大修；改造；改进
• I got the engine overhauled. 我彻底检修了引擎。
• The government plans to overhaul the health service. 政府计划彻底改革公共医疗保健服务。
vt. 分解检查，大修；追上并超过
 - major repair
n. 彻底检修，详细检查
 - permanent repair

Word: warmly
Front: warmly
[wɔ:mlɪ] (11007/7654)
Vocabulary: warmly
(once / 462 pages)
adv
When you do something warmly, you do it in a kind or affectionate way. To smile warmly at a shy child is to present a sincere, friendly face in his direction.
People who treat others warmly are enthusiastic and cordial. When teachers answer their students' questions warmly, they act with a kindness that tends to make the students happier and more excited about school. Warmly comes from the adjective warm and its meaning of "showing affection or kindness." This sense has been in use since the 1500's, but the Old English root word, wearm, relates only to literal heat or warmth.
WORD FAMILY
warm: warmed, warmer, warmest, warming, warmingly, warmly, warmness, warms, warmth+/warmed: unwarmed/warmer: warmers/warming: warmings/warmth: warmths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perez, who endorsed Clinton, is viewed warmly by progressives because of his record inside the Labor and Justice departments.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The story warmly conveys the dignity and refinements of these women.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Iraqi military commanders greeted him warmly, as did U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adv. 温暖地; 亲切地; 热烈地; 热心地
分布：温暖地(40%)，热烈地(30%)，亲切地(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
温暖的;暖和的
Something that is warm has some heat but not enough to be hot.
例：Wheat is grown in places which have cold winters and warm, dry summers...小麦适宜在冬季寒冷而夏季温暖干燥的地方生长。
例：Because it was warm, David wore only a white cotton shirt...因为天气暖和，戴维只穿了一件白色的棉衬衣。
ADJ-GRADED
(衣物或毯子)保暖的，保温的
Warm clothes and blankets are made of a material such as wool which protects you from the cold.
例：They have been forced to sleep in the open without food or warm clothing...他们被迫风餐露宿，吃不饱也穿不暖。
例：The bed had clean sheets and warm blankets.床上是干净的被单和暖和的毯子。
ADJ-GRADED
暖色调的;有暖感的
Warm colours have red or yellow in them rather than blue or green, and make you feel comfortable and relaxed.
例：We hope the colour gives the house a warm and inviting feel...我们希望这种颜色能让房子给人一种暖意融融、宾至如归的感觉。
例：The basement hallway is painted a warm yellow.地下室的走廊漆成了暖黄色。
ADJ-GRADED
热心的;热情的;热烈的
A warm person is friendly and shows a lot of affection or enthusiasm in their behaviour.
例：She was a warm and loving mother...她是一位热情慈爱的母亲。
例：'Wonderful!' he exclaimed, in the familiar warm voice that made everybody who knew him feel welcome...“太棒了！”他欢呼道，他熟悉而热情的声音让所有认识他的人都感到如沐春风。
VERB
使暖和;让…取暖
If you warm a part of your body or if something hot warms it, it stops feeling cold and starts to feel hotter.
例：The sun had come out to warm his back...太阳出来了，把他后背晒得暖洋洋的。
例：She went to warm her hands by the log fire.她把手伸向木火堆取暖。
VERB
(对某人)产生好感;(对想法)开始感兴趣
If you warm to a person or an idea, you become fonder of the person or more interested in the idea.
例：Those who got to know him better warmed to his openness and honesty...那些对他日渐了解的人被他的坦率和真诚所打动。
例：Elizabeth warmed to her theme as the letter continued with her favourite lament.随着这封信接下来进入到伊丽莎白最喜欢抱怨的内容，她开始奔向主题。
adv. 热情地；温暖地；亲切地
 - passionately, kindly

Word: unnamed
Front: unnamed
[ˌʌnˈneɪmd] (10991/14020 -1)
Back: adj. 未命名的; 没有明确指定的
分布：未命名的(42%)，不知名的(32%)，无名的(23%)，没有提及的(3%)
adjective
■An unnamed person or thing is talked about, but their name is not known or mentioned 未透露姓名的，匿名的
• The article quoted an unnamed source from the White House. 这篇文章援引了白宫一位匿名人士的话。
adj. 无名的；未命名的；未提及的
 - anonymous, mameless

Word: trough
Front: trough
[trɒf] (托 11006/8662 -1)
Vocabulary: trough
(once / 1367 pages)
1n 2n
If you live on a farm, you already know that a trough is what animals eat out of. The word actually refers to the shape of the container, and can mean anything that is low and hollowed out––a math curve, a depression in the ground.
In the olden days, people, like animals, ate from troughs. Gradually, we got fancy enough to divide our food between bowls and plates, but there is some lingering connection between the idea of trough and rough, peasant living.
WORD FAMILY
trough: troughs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Republican governor attacked the corporate owners of most of the state’s newspapers as “special interests feeding like pigs at the government trough.”
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A manger is a trough used to feed animals.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
So any heat, whether in the deepest troughs or near the surface, contributes to the deflection.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 水槽，食槽; 低谷期; [航]深海漕; [气]低气压槽
分布：水槽(47%)，低谷(39%)，低潮(7%)，马槽(7%)
→来自古英语 trog,木制容器，盘子，来自 Proto-Germanic*trugaz,木制品，来自 teru,树， 木材，词源同 tree,tray.最终引申为现在的词义。
US [trɑ:f] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a long narrow container without a lid that usually holds water or food for farm animals 槽；饮水槽；饲料槽
• cows at the feeding trough 在喂食槽吃草的牛
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] noun countable
LOW POINT 低谷
■a low point in a regular series of high and low points 低谷；低谷期，萧条期
• Investing small amounts regularly is a good way of smoothing out the peaks and troughs of the stock market. 定期小额投资是均衡股市高峰和低谷的好办法。
■specialized
■(in the study of weather patterns) a long area of low air pressure between two areas of high air pressure 低压槽，槽形低压
• A trough of low pressure over hilly areas will bring heavy thunderstorms overnight. 丘陵地区上空的低气压槽将在一夜之间带来强雷阵雨。
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] noun countable
have / get your snout in the trough
■to have or get a share of a supply of money or some other advantage which people eagerly and sometimes dishonestly take 便宜；不应得的利益
• The council had been handing out grants indiscriminately, and people were hurrying to get their snouts in the trough. 市政会一直在不加鉴别地分发补助金，结果人们都趋之若鹜地去捞一份。
UK [trɒf] US [trɑ:f] verb transitive informal
■to eat something quickly and eagerly, especially in large amounts 大吃；饕餮，狼吞虎咽（快速而热切地吃东西，尤指大量地吃）
• She was sitting there troughing chocolate. 她坐在那里大吃巧克力。
n. 水槽，水槽； [经] 低谷期；饲料槽； [气象] 低气压
 - tank, sink

Word: vent
Front: vent
[vent] (六托雅宝 7608/9816 -1)
Vocabulary: vent
(once / 347 pages)
nv
When you vent, you let something out, whether it's hot air or your feelings. If you vent your feelings, you let out a strong and sometimes angry emotion and just say what you think.
You might vent your rage when your brother once again gets out of doing his chores. You also might vent something to air it out. If it's too hot inside your car, vent it by opening a window. The noun vent refers to a hole that lets air escape. A clothes dryer has a vent that sends hot air outside. A vent in nature is a crack in the earth's surface that lets hot gas and lava escape — like a volcano.
WORD FAMILY
vent: vented, venter, ventilate, venting, vents+/ hyperventilate: hyperventilated, hyperventilates, hyperventilating, hyperventilation/vented: unvented/venter: venters, ventral /ventilate: hyperventilate, ventilated, ventilates, ventilating, ventilation, ventilator, ventilatory/ventilated: unventilated/ ventilation: ventilations/ventilator: ventilators/venting: ventings/ ventral: ventrally
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s important not to place plants near air-conditioning or heating vents.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
On one side was Mr. Kerry, venting years of frustration on behalf of President Obama and himself at what they consider Israeli intransigence.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Baldwin continued venting early Friday by saying he wanted to perform at Mr. Trump’s inauguration.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 通风孔; 排气孔; （感情等的）发泄，吐露; （鸟，虫，鱼的）肛门
vt. & vi. 表达，发泄（感情，尤指愤怒）; 给…开孔; 放出; （通过排泄等）减轻压力
时态：vented, venting, vents
分布：发泄(63%)，排放(14%)，火山口(8%)，排气口(8%)，表达(7%)
→来自拉丁语ventus,通风，词源同wind,引申词义出口，通风口。
通风口,出气孔[vent=wind,表示"风"]
noun
OPENING 开口
countable
■a small opening which allows air, smoke or gas to enter or leave a closed space 通风口；排气口
• If you have a gas fire in a room, you should have some kind of outside vent. 如果你的屋里有煤气炉，那你就应该有个通向外面的排气口。
countable
■a cut in the bottom of a piece of clothing to allow the person wearing it to move more easily （衣物的）开衩，衩口
• The skirt is long and straight with two side vents. 这条裙子是很长的直筒裙，两侧开衩。
[vent] noun
EXPRESS FEELINGS 表达感情
give vent to sth
■to express a negative emotion in a forceful and often unfair way （常指不公地）发泄（负面情绪）
• The meeting will be an opportunity for everyone to give vent to their feelings. 这次会议将给每个人一吐为快的机会。
[vent] verb transitive
■to express a negative emotion in a forceful and often unfair way 发泄，表达（负面的情绪）
• Please don't shout - there's no need to vent your frustration/anger/rage/spleen on me. 请不要大吵大闹——没有必要把气撒在我身上。
n. （感情的）发泄；出口； [机] [矿业] 通风孔
 - exit, way out
vt. 发泄感情；放出…；给…开孔
 - relieve one's feelings
vi. 放出；（通过排泄等）减轻压力
 - reel out, let off

Word: gladly
Front: gladly
[ˈglædli] (10981/11148)
Back: adv. 高兴地，乐意地，欣然
分布：高兴地(50%)，乐意地(50%)
adverb
■ willingly or happily 乐意地，情愿地；高兴地，欣然
• I'd gladly meet her, but I'm on holiday that week. 我很乐意见她，但是那星期我正好休假。
adv. 乐意地；高兴地；欢喜地
 - readily, lieve

Word: up
Front: up
[ʌp] (中高 50/52 -K2)
Back: adv. 在上面，在高处; 起床，起来; 向上; 由低到高
adj. 向上的; 上升的; 竖立的，垂直的; 举起的
vt. & vi. 增加; 加速; 提高; 举起，拿起
prep. 在…的上端; 向高处; 沿…而去; 向…上游
n. 上升，升高; 兴旺，繁荣; 上坡; （价格等）上涨
时态：upped, upping, up
分布：起来(41%)，增加(19%)，向上(16%)，上升(12%)，向上的(7%)，上行的(3%)，往上(2%)
→来自upo, 在下面，从下往上，向上，词源同sub-, over.
ad.向上,...起来;...完;起床prep.向上The boy climbed up the tree.这个男孩爬上树.
adverb
HIGHER 更高
 ESSENTIAL
■towards a higher position; towards a higher value, number or level 向较高处；向上；（价值、数位或水准）加大；增高
• Put those books up on the top shelf. 把那些书放到书架顶层。
• A gravel road leads through the jungle and up into the Andes. 一条砾石铺成的路穿过丛林，向上进入安第斯山。
• Pushing the number of unit sales up every quarter can't be continued indefinitely. 单位销售数位每个季度都增长的趋势不可能无限期持续下去。
• The water was up to /had come up to the level of the windows. 水已经涨到窗户那么高了。
■out of the ground （从地下）往地面
• He spent the afternoon digging carrots up. 他挖了一下午的胡萝卜。
up and down
■from a higher to a lower position repeatedly 起起伏伏，上上下下
• My little daughter started jumping up and down with rage when she heard she couldn't go. 我的小女儿在得知她不能去后非常生气，开始不停地跳上跳下。
[ʌp] adverb
VERTICAL 垂直的
 ESSENTIAL
■in or into a vertical position 处于直立状态；垂直
• Would you stand up for a moment, I want to see how tall you are. 你能站起来一会儿吗，我想看看你有多高。
Compare down
[ʌp] adverb
TOP 顶部
 ESSENTIAL
■in a high position; at the top 在高处；在上面；在顶端
• Our boardroom is up on the twenty-third floor. 我们的会议室在上面的23层。
• You can tell which way up the crates have to be because they all say 'TOP'. 你可以看出条板箱该哪面朝上，因为每个箱子都写有“此面朝上”的字样。
Compare down
[ʌp] adverb
NEAR 接近
 ESSENTIAL
■very near 非常靠近
• Carrying a gun, he walked up to the cashier and demanded money. 他拿着枪，走到收银员跟前逼其把钱拿出来。
• A limousine drew up (= parked) outside the hotel. 一辆大型豪华车开过来，停在饭店外面。
[ʌp] adverb
INCREASE 增长
 ESSENTIAL
■to a greater degree; in order to increase 由弱到强；由低到高
• The fire heats the room up (= makes it warmer) within minutes. 炉火使房间在几分钟内就暖和起来。
• Grandma always turns the TV up really loud because she can't hear very well. 祖母总是把电视音量调得很大，因为她听力不好。
• Try not to get worked up (= increasingly excited or angry) , I'm sure we can sort the problem out. 尽量不要激动，我相信我们能解决这个问题。
 IMPROVER
■If a level or amount is up, it has increased （水准或数量）增加的，上升的
• The cost of car insurance is up, but not very much. 车辆保险费用有所提高，但增幅不大。
• Last year the company's turnover was $240 billion, up 3% on (= compared with) the previous year. 去年该公司的营业额是2400亿美元，比前年增加了3%。
[ʌp] adverb
NOT IN BED 起床
 ESSENTIAL
■not in bed 起床（的）
• It's time to get up now! 现在该起床啦！
• Oh, I've been up all night, finishing my essay. 噢，我一夜没睡写完了我的文章。
up and about/around
■to be able to get out of bed and move around again after a period of illness, because your health has improved enough （病后）可以下床活动
[ʌp] adverb
EXIST 存在
 IMPROVER
■into existence, view or attention 出现；发生；看到；给予考虑
• Originally the charity was set up to help orphans in urban areas. 成立慈善机构的初衷是要帮助城里的孤儿。
• Sorry darling, something unexpected has come up (= has happened) at the office, and I'll be home late. 对不起，亲爱的，办公室里出了点儿意外，我会晚点回家。
• Coming up (= Happening next) after the break, we have a man who claims he can communicate with fish. 休息之后，我们有请一位自称能与鱼沟通的人上场。
• Would this be a good time to bring up the issue of salary? 现在提薪水的问题合适吗？
[ʌp] adverb
EQUAL 相等
 IMPROVER
■so as to be equal in quality, knowledge or achievement （在品质、知识或成就方面）相等，比得上
• She couldn't go to school for a few weeks because of illness, but she'll be able to catch up (with her lessons) quickly. 她因病几周不能去上课，但她（的功课）很快就能赶上来。
• So much scientific research is being performed that it's virtually impossible to keep up (with all the new developments). 有那么多的科学研究在进行，要跟上（所有的新进展）几乎是不可能的。
• US informal Kate and I were both playing well, and after ten minutes the score was 6-up (= 6 points each). 凯特和我表现都很出色，十分钟后比分为六比六。
[ʌp] adverb
TOGETHER 一起
 IMPROVER
■in a state of being together with other similar things 一起；聚拢地
• You've got half an hour to gather up anything you'll need for the journey. 你有半个小时的时间来收拾旅途中所需的东西。
• Add up the column of figures in your head and then tell me what the sum is. 在心里把这一列数位加起来，然后告诉我总数。
[ʌp] adverb
TIGHTLY 紧紧地
 IMPROVER
■tightly or firmly in order to keep something safe or in position 紧紧地；牢固地
• Can you do my shoelaces up for me? 你能帮我把鞋带系上吗？
• Tie up the top of the bag so the rubbish doesn't fall out. 把袋口扎好，以防垃圾外泄。
• You'd better wrap up (= wear warm clothes) - it's cold outside. 你最好穿暖和些——外面很冷。
[ʌp] adverb
SMALLER 较小
 IMPROVER
■broken or cut into smaller pieces; made smaller in area 分成小块；成碎片
• He cut the letter up into a hundred pieces. 他把信剪得粉粹。
• She folded the newspaper up and put it in her bag. 她把报纸叠起来放进包里。
• The car blew up (= exploded) when flames reached its fuel tank. 当火焰触及油箱时，汽车爆炸了。
[ʌp] adverb
AGE 年纪
 IMPROVER
■to a greater age 长大
• No one said that growing up would be easy or painless. 没有人认为成长很轻松、没有痛苦。
• Many single parents struggle to bring their children up on a low income. 许多单身父母靠微薄的收入把孩子抚养大。
[ʌp] adverb
PROBLEM 问题
[after verb]
■used when talking or asking about what is happening （用于谈论或询问发生了甚么事）
• Everyone was talking in whispers, and I could tell something was up (= something unusual was happening). 大家都在窃窃私语，我可以断定一定发生了甚么不同寻常的事。
• What's up (= What is happening or what is wrong) ? 怎么回事？
[ʌp] adverb
FINISHED 完成的
[after verb]
■When a period of time is up, it is finished （一段时间）结束的，完结的
• When the two hours were up nobody had answered all of the questions. 两个小时过去了，没有人回答完所有问题。
• Your time is up - it's someone else's turn on the training equipment now. 你的时间到了——现在轮到别人使用训练设备了。
[ʌp] adverb
IMPROVE 改善
■into an improved position or state 向较好的位置（或状态）
• By lap 26, Senna had moved up into second position. 到第26圈，塞纳已上升至二位。
• Stein had a bad start to the race, but by the ninth lap she was up with the leaders. 斯坦起跑不好，但到第九圈时，她赶上了领先者。
Compare down
[ʌp] adverb
END 结束
■to an end, finish or state of being complete 结束；彻底地，完全地
• Finish up the old packet of biscuits before you open a new one. 先把旧的那盒饼干吃完，再打开一盒新的。
• Crime won't help - you'll end up in prison. 犯罪不能解决问题——最终会让你进监狱。
• I'd like to round up the meeting by thanking all those who were able to attend at such short notice. 在本次会议结束之际，我要感谢所有在这么短的时间收到通知就赶来出席会议的人。
[ʌp] adverb
DIRECTION 方向
■towards the north or towards a more important place, especially a city 向北方，北上；往更重要的地方（尤指城市）
• On Tuesday she'll be travelling up to Newcastle from Birmingham. 周二她将从伯明罕北上前往纽卡素。
• She comes up from her village about once a month on the train. 她大约每月乘火车从村里进一趟城。
[ʌp] adverb
INTENDED 打算的
up for sth
■intended, suggested or being considered for something 计划要；被建议；正被考虑
• That house at the end of our road is up for sale again. 我们这条路尽头的那座房子又要出售了。
• Are you really up for promotion? 你真的会被提升吗？
[ʌp] adverb
EAGER 渴望
up for (doing) sth informal
■willing and able to do or take part in an activity 愿意做（或参与）
• After a long day at work I wasn't really up for a party. 工作了一整天之后，我真的不愿意参加甚么聚会了。
• We're going swimming. Are you up for it? 我们去游泳。你想一起去吗？
• I'm up for organizing the meeting if nobody else wants to do it. 如果没人愿意，我愿意组织这次会议。
[ʌp] adverb
TRIAL 审判
[after verb]
■on trial in a court 出庭受审的
• If he doesn't pay the fine soon, he'll be up before the magistrate. 如果他不马上交上罚款，就将会被地方法庭传讯。
• Max is up for armed robbery. 马克斯被控持械抢劫而出庭受审。
[ʌp] adverb
ROAD 道路
[after verb] UK
■When a road is up, it is being repaired and so is unsuitable for use （道路）正在维修的
• The council has got the road up because of a broken sewer. 因为下水管道破裂，市政会正在整修道路。
[ʌp] adverb
INTENDED 打算
■to be considered, or as a suggestion 供考虑；作为建议
• How many candidates will your party be putting up (= offering for election) at the elections next week? 你们党打算推举多少候选人参加下周的选举？
[ʌp] adverb
HAIR 头发
■If someone's long hair is up, it is arranged on the top or back of their head （长发）向头上（或脑后）梳理的 up 1 1. You look lovely with your hair up.
你头发向上梳看起来很可爱。
[ʌp] adverb
be up there with sb informal
■to match someone else in ability or in a particular skill （能力或某一技艺）可与（某人）媲美
• As a composer, he was up there with the best. 他的作曲才华堪称一流。
[ʌp] adverb
up and down
■sometimes happy and sometimes sad （情绪）波动的，时好时坏的
• She's been very up and down since her husband went into hospital. 自从丈夫住院以后，她的情绪波动很大。
[ʌp] adverb
up and down somewhere
■everywhere in a particular area 到处，处处
• Cinemas up and down the country are reporting huge audiences for the film. 据报道，该影片在全国各地电影院的入座率都很高。
[ʌp] adverb
up to (doing) sth
■good enough for a particular activity 好得能胜任
• He wants to compete at international level, but frankly I don't think he's up to it. 他想参加国际比赛，但说实话，我认为他还达不到那个水准。
■strong enough for a particular activity 强壮得能进行（某种活动）
• It was a serious fall - it'll be a while before you feel up to walking again. 摔得很严重——得过一阵子你才能行走。
[ʌp] adverb
be up to sth
■to be doing something
• What are you up to at the moment? 那时候你干什么呢？
[ʌp] adverb
up with old-fashioned informal
■shouted or written on notices to show support 支援…，要求…（表示支援的口号或标语）
• Up with freedom, down with repression! 支援自由，反对镇压！
[ʌp] preposition
HIGHER 更高
 ESSENTIAL
■to or in a higher level or position 在（或向）较高水准（或位置）
• We followed her up the stairs to a large meeting room. 我们跟随她上楼进入一个大会议室。
[ʌp] preposition
TOP 顶部
 ESSENTIAL
■at the top of 在…上面；在…上部
• You'll find a dusty attic up these stairs. 沿着这些楼梯向上，你就会看到一个布满灰尘的阁楼。
• If you want Fred, he's up that ladder. 如果你找弗雷德，他就在那个梯子上。
[ʌp] preposition
ALONG 沿着
 ESSENTIAL
■(further) along （继续）沿着，顺着
• The car shot off up the road at high speed. 车沿着公路飞驰。
• They live just up the road. 他们就住在路边。
up and down
■along the surface of something first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, usually repeatedly 来回，往复
• He was running up and down the path, shouting. 他沿着小路来回跑，大声呼喊。
[ʌp] preposition
ORIGIN 起源
■towards the starting point of something, especially a river or stream 向起点；（尤指）向上游；向发源地
• Rowing up (the) river against the current was very hard work. 划船逆流而上很费力气。
⇒ See also upriver;upstream
[ʌp] preposition
TO 去 UK not standard
■to or at 到，去；在
• Are you going up the club tonight? 今晚你去俱乐部吗?
Compare down
[ʌp] preposition
be up yourself UK Australian slang
■to think that you are better and more important than other people 觉得自己高人一等
• She's so up herself since she landed this new job, it's unbearable. 自从她找到这份新工作之后，她就自觉高人一等，这真让人难以忍受。
[ʌp] preposition
Up yours! offensive
■used to show that you very much dislike someone or the things that someone has just said or done （表示反感）去你的！
[ʌp] adjective
HIGHER 更高
 IMPROVER
■moving up 向上的；往上移动的
• an up escalator 向上的扶梯
⇒ See also upper
[ʌp] adjective
IN OPERATION 在运转中
 ADVANCED [after verb]
■When a system, computer or similar machine is up, it is operating, especially in its usual way （尤指以正常状态）在运转，在运行
• Andy, do you know when the network will be up again? 安迪，你知道网路甚么时候能恢复正常吗?
Opposite down
[ʌp] adjective
HAPPY 快乐 informal
■feeling happy 快乐的；高兴的
• She's been really up since she started her new job. 自从开始新的工作之后，她一直很高兴。
[ʌp] adjective
up and running
■If something, especially a system or a machine, is up and running it is operating （尤指系统或机器）运行，运转
• The engineer soon got the air-conditioning up and running again. 工程师很快就使空调重新运转起来。
[ʌp] noun
on the up (and up) mainly US informal
■describes someone who is honest and can be trusted 诚实的；值得信赖的 UK improving all the time 蒸蒸日上；不断进步
• Her career has been on the up and up since she moved into sales. 自从转做销售后，她的事业蒸蒸日上。
[ʌp] verb informal
HIGHER 更高
transitive (-pp-)
■to increase something such as a price 提高，增加，提升（价格）等
• We won't be able to make a profit on the deal without upping the sale price. 这笔买卖的销售价格不提高，我们就无钱可赚。
• It looks like tax rates are going to be upped again. 看来税率又要提高了。
[ʌp] verb informal
VERTICAL 垂直的
up and ...
■used with another verb to emphasize that someone left a place or did something in a sudden and possibly unexpected way （与另一动词连用，强调突然或者出人意料地离开或做某事）
• After dinner they just upped and left/went without saying goodbye. 吃完饭后他们就突然起身不辞而别。
adv. 起来；上涨；向上
 - upward, zenithward
prep. 在…之上；向…的较高处
 - onto, upon
adj. 涨的；起床的；向上的
 - upgrade, upward
n. 上升；繁荣
 - prosperity, rise, upgrade, raise, ascension

Word: prolific
Front: prolific
[prəˈlɪfɪk] (托雅宝 10980/10046 -1)
Vocabulary: prolific
(once / 1748 pages)
adj
Someone or something that is prolific is fruitful or highly productive. A prolific songwriter can churn out five hit tunes before breakfast.
It is interesting to note that many of the words used to describe the adjective prolific are relayed in biological terms, such as "to give birth," "nourish," and "fertile." Other uses of the word pertain to having many ideas or an active and expressive mind, such as a "prolific writer." Clearly, people like to consider that the ideas or things that they make are in some way produced by them like flowers or fruit!
WORD FAMILY
prolific: prolificacy, prolifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tweets prolifically but says he rarely uses any other communications technology more advanced than the telephone.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“She was a very prolific killer,” Debra Tate said recently.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s just very intriguing the moment where this incredibly prolific artist shut it down, and why?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （艺术家、作家等）多产的; 众多的; 富饶的; （植物、动物等）丰硕的
分布：多产的(96%)，作品丰富的(4%)
→来自拉丁语proles,子孙，后代，-fic,产生，制造，词源同efficacy,fact.比喻用法。
多产的,多育的(pro+lif带来+ic→带来东西→多产的)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
多产的,多育的(prol+ific带来的→带来子孙的)[prol=offspring,表示"后代,子孙"]
多产的(prol后代+ific;参考:proliferous增殖的,多育的)[-ific表形容词"产生…的"]
【反】barren（adj 不生育的；贫瘠的）
adjective
■producing a great number or amount of something 作品丰富的；多产的
• He was probably the most prolific songwriter of his generation. 他可能是他这一代中最多产的歌曲作家。
• Rabbits and other rodents are prolific (= have a lot of babies). 兔子和其他啮齿类动物繁殖能力都很强。
adj. 多产的；丰富的
 - abundant, productive, full, luxurious

Word: generalized
Front: generalized
[ˈdʒenrəlaɪzd] (11017/12550 -1)
Back: adj. 广泛的; 普遍的; 非具体的; 整体的
v. 概括，归纳; 推论(generalize的过去式和过去分词); 推广，普及
分布：广义的(49%)，普遍的(31%)，概括的(10%)，动词generalize的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■involving a lot of people, places or things 普遍的；全面的；大范围的
• He spoke of generalized corruption in the government. 他谈到了政府内部普遍存在的腐败情况。
• Isolated showers will give way to more generalized rain later in the day. 今天晚些时候零星出现在一些地区的阵雨天气将转为大范围降雨。
Opposite localized
adj. 广义的，普遍的；无显著特点的
 - widespread, universal, ruling

Word: upwards
Front: upwards
[ˈʌpwədz] (四六 10989/4086 -K2)
Back: adv. 向上地，上升地; 在上面，向上头
分布：向上地(68%)，以上(16%)，往上(16%)
US [-wɚdz/ (US usually upward)
adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■towards a higher position, level or value 向上地
• She turned her face upwards to the midday sun. 她抬头面向正午的太阳。
• The cost of completion has been revised upwards again due to inflation. 由于通货膨胀，完工的费用再次调高。
Opposite downwards
adv. 向上；在上部；向上游
 - up, zenithward

Word: partner
Front: partner
[ˈpɑ:tnə(r)] (高研四六 1048/1144 -K4)
Vocabulary: partner
(once / 108 pages)
nv
If you open a lemonade stand with your brother, then your brother is your business partner.
Partner means "to pair up." At a square dance, the call "partner up!" means it's time to find someone to dance with. In business, there are often multiple partners — each one owns a share of the business, and has a share of the risk. Some people call their spouse or the person they're in a long-term relationship with their partner — it has more egalitarian senses than "husband" or "wife," and signals commitment even if you're not married.
WORD FAMILY
partner: partnered, partnering, partners, partnership +/ partnership: partnerships
USAGE EXAMPLES
As group president, Mr. Jain will, in effect, become a partner to Mr. Lutnick, helping him oversee Cantor’s various businesses and, crucially, providing strategic insights.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On Tuesday, march organizers announced that Gloria Steinem and Planned Parenthood would be official partners of the march.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
He was also told by women’s rights organisations that mothers did not believe their partners were ready to care for their children.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 伙伴; 同伙; 同伴; 配偶
vt. 使合作; 与…合伙
vi. 合伙; 合股; 成为搭档
时态：partnered, partnering, partners
分布：伙伴(50%)，伴侣(22%)，合伙人(14%)，搭档(13%)，同 ... 合作(1%)
→来自part,部分，-er,人。即成为其中的一部分，引申词义伙伴，伴侣。
合作伙伴(part+ner人)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
n.合作者,合伙人,合股人,伙伴,舞伴,配偶The Particle party's partner participated in the particular Parliament.粒子党的合伙人参与了特别议会.
US ['pɑ:rt.nɚ] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a person or organization you are closely involved with in some way 搭档，伙伴，同伴
• He gave up his job as a police officer after his partner was killed. 他在搭档被杀后辞去了警官的工作。
• The two companies are partners in a contract to build a new power station. 这两家公司订立合约，共同建造一座新的发电厂。
 ADVANCED
■one of the owners of a company （公司的）合伙人
• He's a partner in an insurance company/a law firm. 他是一家保险公司／律师事务所的合伙人。
 ADVANCED
■the person you are married to or living with as if you were married to them, or the person you are having a sexual relationship with 配偶；情人；性伴侣
■one of a pair of dancers or one of a pair who are playing a sport or a game together, especially when the pair are playing as a team 舞伴
UK ['pɑ:t.nər] US ['pɑ:rt.nɚ] verb transitive
■If you partner someone in a sport, a game or a dance, you act as their partner. （在体育运动、游戏或舞蹈中）与（某人）合作，与（某人）成为搭档
comrade, companion, colleague, partner, fellow, associate
这组词都有“同事，伙伴”的意思，其区别是：
comrade: 指具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人。
companion: 指陪伴他人的人，即同伴或陪伴。
colleague: 一般用于对同事的正式称呼，基本上专用在职业关系上。
partner: 指事业中处于合伙关系的人，或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。
fellow: 多用复数形式，指一块住、生活或同行共事的人。
associate: 普通用词，侧重指在利害关系上密切相关。
n. 伙伴； [法] 合伙人；配偶
 - comrade, associate
vi. [法] 合伙；合股；成为搭档
 - joint stock, tie up
vt. 使合作；与…合伙
 - team

Word: marginalize
Front: marginalize
[ˈmɑ:dʒɪnəlaɪz] (10985/23967 -1)
Vocabulary: marginalize
(once / 15676 pages)
v
When you push people to the edge of society by not allowing them a place within it, you marginalize them. If a public school celebrates only Christmas in December, it can marginalize students who aren't Christian.
A society that labels certain people as outside the norm — weird, scary, hateful, or useless — marginalizes those people, edging them out. Native or aboriginal groups often end up in this position, and so do people who are poor, disabled, elderly, or who in other ways are seen as not quite fitting in. The Latin root is margo, "edge, brink, or border." Since the late 1920's marginalize has referred not to a literal edge, but to a powerless position just outside society.
WORD FAMILY
marginalize: marginalization, marginalized, marginalizes, marginalizing+/ margin: marginal, margins/ marginal: marginalise, marginality, marginalize, marginally/marginalise: marginalisation, marginalised
USAGE EXAMPLES
A new generation of social historians analyzed the concerns of marginalized groups — workers, women, free and enslaved African-Americans, and Native Americans, among others.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And Pope Francis is expected to continue to shape a Catholic Church that emphasizes the marginalized.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And they share the land with “some of the most marginalized people in the world,” poor farmers and herders, she said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使处于社会边缘; 使脱离社会发展进程; 忽视; 排斥
时态：marginalized, marginalizing, marginalizes
分布：排斥(67%)，忽略(25%)，使边缘化(8%)
→来自marginal,边缘的，-ize,使。即使边缘化。
US ['mɑ:r-] verb transitive often passive
■to treat someone or something as if they are not important 使边缘化；忽视；排斥
• Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country's native language has been marginalized. 由于英语已成为这个国家的主要语言，其本国语言反而被边缘化了。
vt. 排斥；忽视；使处于社会边缘；使脱离社会发展进程
 - ignore, reject

Word: busy
Front: busy
[ˈbɪzi] (中高 1924/1753 -K3)
Vocabulary: busy
(once / 16 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3adj
When you're busy, you have things to do. You're occupied and probably not bored.
This word always means there's some kind of activity. When a phone line is busy, you can't get your call through. If you find the bathroom is busy, you'll have to wait it's free. When a supervisor is around, employees need to look busy. A busy intersection is loaded with traffic. If you're too busy playing basketball to finish your homework, your grades might suffer. It's good to be busy, but when people are too busy, they get stressed out.
WORD FAMILY
busy: busied, busier, busies, busiest, busily, business, busying, busyly, busyness, overbusy+/ business: businesses, businesslike/busyness: busynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But one day last month, while Clemson was busy preparing for its College Football Playoff semifinal against Ohio State, Venables benched himself.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The spokesperson suggests that people planning to travel by air during busy times should consider other options, such as suicide.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It was “very, very, extremely busy” in the days leading up to the holidays, a cashier said.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 忙碌的; 占线; 繁华的; 爱管闲事的
vt. 忙着做某事; 使奔走; 使经营
n. 〈英俚〉侦探; 包打听
时态：busied, busying, busies
分布：忙的(44%)，繁忙的(39%)，热闹的(13%)，使忙于(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自PIE *bheue, 存在，生存，居住，词源同be. 即为生活而奔忙。
a.忙,忙碌的;热闹的,繁忙的;(电话)占线On the bus the busy businessman did a business with the buyer.在公共汽车上,忙碌的商人与买主做了一笔生意.
adjective
DOING THINGS 做事情
 ESSENTIAL
■If you are busy, you are working hard, or giving your attention to a particular thing 忙碌的；忙于…的；专注的
• Mum was busy in the kitchen. 妈妈在厨房里忙着呢。
• The kids are busy with their homework. 孩子们在忙着做家课。
• She's busy writing out the wedding invitations. 她在忙着写婚礼请柬。
• I've got plenty of jobs to keep you busy. 我有很多工作，够你忙的。
• He was too busy talking to notice us come in. 他忙着说话没有注意到我们进来。
 IMPROVER
■A busy place is full of activity or people （地方）热闹的，熙熙攘攘的
• a busy restaurant 繁忙的餐馆
• Their house is near a very busy road. 他们的房子临近热闹的马路。
 IMPROVER
■In a busy period, you have a lot of things to do 繁忙的；事情多的
• I've got a busy week ahead of me. 我未来的一周会很忙。
• Have a rest - you've had a busy day. 休息一下吧，你忙了一天了。
■(UK also engaged)
■If a telephone line is busy, someone is using it （电话）占线的
• I tried calling you but the line was busy. 我试过给你打电话，可是电话占线。
['bɪz.i] adjective
WITH PATTERNS 有图案的 disapproving
■having too much decoration or too many colours 繁琐的，杂乱的；使人眼花缭乱的
• The jacket was a bit busy for my tastes - I'd prefer something a bit plainer. 对我来说，这件夹克太花哨了——我喜欢简单一点的。
['bɪz.i] verb [R]
busy yourself
■to make the time pass by doing something 打发时间
• I busied myself with tidying up my desk. 我整理书桌来打发时间。
adj. 忙碌的；热闹的；正被占用的
 - engaged, abustle
vt. 使忙于
 - employ

Word: tilt
Front: tilt
[tɪlt] (研六托雅宝 5070/6422 -2)
Vocabulary: tilt
(once / 780 pages)
1vn 2nv 3n
Tilt is both a noun and a verb. It has many shades of meaning, but most involve a slope or slant. When you're dizzy from eating too much, you might tilt when you walk away from the table.
The verb tilt can also indicate a slight preference for one thing over another. When Mavis and Marvin argue, you tend to tilt toward Marvin’s point of view, meaning you think he's probably right — you lean in that direction. As a noun tilt can mean a steep slant. When you climb Everest, you’ll find that the face of the mountain is at a dangerous tilt — it's very steep.
WORD FAMILY
tilt: tilted, tilter, tilting, tilts+/tilter: tilters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vacancies reflect a long-term goal of McConnell and other leading Republicans to tilt the court system toward conservatives.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
At the end of the day, panelists vote on approval questions, and even here FDA tilts the outcome.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
In the U.S., officials at some colleges say it’s clear Trump’s election is tilting enrollment patterns.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使倾斜; （在马上）拿枪扎; 抨击，攻击
vi. 倾斜; 〈美〉有倾向性，偏袒; 抨击
n. 倾斜，歪斜; 斜坡，坡度; 马上刺枪比赛; 跳动锤，落锤
时态：tilted, tilting, tilts
分布：倾斜(89%)，抨击(6%)，争论(3%)，车盖(1%)，以全速(1%)
→来自古英语 tealt,倾斜的，不稳的，来自 Proto-Germanic*taltaz,倾斜，摇晃。引申词义倾斜， 倾侧，可能进一步引申词义马上打斗，骑马比武，并抽象化为打击，抨击。
v.(使)倾侧;(使)倾斜n.倾侧;倾斜The tilted salt filters halt alternately for altering.倾斜的盐过滤器交替地停下以便改造.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move into a sloping position （使）倾斜
• He tilted his chair backwards and put his feet up on his desk. 他把椅子向后倾，双脚搁在写字枱上。
• Anna looked up at him with her head tilted to one side. 安娜歪着脑袋，抬头望着他。
• The front seats of the car tilt. 汽车前座倾斜了。
[tɪlt] verb
tilt at windmills literary
■to fight enemies who do not really exist 向风车挑战；跟实际不存在的敌人战斗
[tɪlt] verb
tilt the balance/scales (also tip the balance/scales)
■If something tilts the balance, it is the thing which causes a particular situation to happen or a particular decision to be made when other situations or decisions are possible 打破平衡／使天平倾斜；起决定性作用
• This might just tilt the balance in the government's favour. 这样或许正好打破平衡，使形势有利于政府一方。
[tɪlt] noun countable usually singular
■when something is in a sloping position or when something moves in a particular direction, especially up or down 倾斜，倾侧
• She wore her hat at a tilt. 她歪戴着帽子。
• figurative There has been a tilt to/towards/away from the socialists among some groups of young people. 在一些青年团体中，存在着一种亲／反社会主义的倾向。
[tɪlt] noun countable usually singular
at full tilt
■as fast as possible 全速地；尽快
• The plant is operating at full tilt to cope with demand. 为应付需求，这家工厂全速生产。
tilt, slope, tip
这组词都有“倾斜”的意思，其区别是：
tilt: 指有意识地或长时间地使物体处于倾斜状态。
slope: 指向上或向下渐渐倾斜的表面，多用于山、屋顶等缓缓倾斜。
tip: 指向一边倾斜或向上翻转、失去平衡或完全翻转过来。
vi. [航] [气象] 倾斜；翘起；以言词或文字抨击
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. [航] [气象] 使倾斜；使翘起
 - slope, lean
n. [航] [气象] 倾斜
 - slope, pitch, clino

Word: tenderness
Front: tenderness
['tendənɪs] (托 11011/10448)
Back: n. 柔软; 温和; 亲切; 心软难处理
分布：温柔(80%)，柔软(15%)，娇嫩(5%)
n. 亲切；柔软；柔和；敏感；棘手
 - sensitivity, graciousness

Word: cognition
Front: cognition
[kɒgˈnɪʃn] (10977/22519)
Vocabulary: cognition
(once / 4175 pages)
n
Cognition is the act of thinking, perceiving, and understanding. It's cognition that makes it possible for you to learn a foreign language.
The word cognition is most often used in scholarly or formal writing about learning and thinking, though you can also use it to describe what happens when you use your brain power to complete a crossword puzzle or remember math equations for a test. Cognition comes from the Latin verb cognoscere, meaning "a getting to know, or knowledge," combining com-, "together," and gnoscere, "to know."
WORD FAMILY
cognition: cognitions, precognition +/ precognition: precognitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of his insights is that people often engage in something called “identity-protective cognition.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The results showed improved cognition, attention, posture, balance and sensorimotor performance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
The act of running may not seem to require much thought, but a new study suggests that it enhances cognition.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 认识，认知
分布：认知(67%)，认识(32%)，认识力(1%)
→co-, 强调。-gn, 知道，了解，词源同can, know.
认知,认识(cogn+ition)[cogn=know,表示"知道"]
US [kɑ:g-] formal or specialized
noun uncountable
■when you think or use a conscious mental process 认识；认知
• a book on human learning, memory and cognition 一本关于人类学习、记忆和认知过程的书
n. 认识；知识；认识能力
 - awareness, information, knowledge of

Word: beige
Front: beige
[beɪʒ] (11013/15161 -1)
Vocabulary: beige
(once / 13857 pages)
adjn
Beige is a tan color with a reputation for being neutral, if not boring. Khaki pants and coffee with lots of cream might be beige.
Beige does not sound the way it looks. The "ei" is pronounced like a long "a" (as in "cake") and the "g" is a soft "zh" sound. This is because beige comes straight out of French, where it originally meant a fabric of the color we now know as beige. See? Beige has some interesting qualities for such a boring color.
WORD FAMILY
beige: beiger, beiges
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Monday, Dallas Cowboys quarterback Dak Prescott also wore the model, but in a beige colorway.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
No, Bet Hatikva begins with a B, as in “basically bleak and beige and blah blah blah.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Air Force One is less lavish but there is plenty of wood and leather and a similar predominance of beige and taupe.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 米黄色; 淡棕色; 原色哔叽呢
adj. 米色的，淡棕色的
分布：米黄色(60%)，米黄色的(32%)，薄斜纹呢(8%)
→词源不详。
adjective noun uncountable
■(of) a pale creamy brown colour 米色（的）

Word: Nigerian
Front: Nigerian
[naɪ'dʒɪərɪən] (11044/16527)
Back: n. 尼日利亚人
adj. 尼日利亚的；尼日利亚人的
分布：尼日利亚的(54%)，尼日利亚人(46%)
US [-'dʒɪr.i-] noun countable adjective
■Nigerian 尼日利亚人／尼日利亚的

Word: sidebar
Front: sidebar
[ˈsaɪdbɑ:(r)] (9647/-)
Back: 工具栏; 补充报道 ; （马鞍等的）横挡; 花絮
分布：花絮新闻(44%)，法官与即将受审案件的律师间的会晤(28%)，补充报道(28%)
US [-bɑ:r] US
noun countable
■a short news story in a newspaper or magazine that relates to a longer main story, giving details or extra information （主要新闻报导的）补充报导

Word: conducive
Front: conducive
[kənˈdju:sɪv] (雅宝 11002/11125 -1)
Vocabulary: conducive
(once / 2792 pages)
adj
Conducive means tending to cause or produce something. Regular exercise is conducive to happiness and a feeling of well-being.
This adjective is usually followed by the preposition to, and it refers to bringing about something favorable or helpful: A positive attitude is conducive to good health. Conducive was formed in English from the less common verb conduce "to lead or contribute to a result." The verb conduce descends from Middle English conducen, from Latin conducere, from the prefix com- "together" plus ducere "to lead." And the suffix –ive means "tending to."
WORD FAMILY
conduce: conduced, conduces, conducing, conducive
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, she says, the political climate was not conducive to a good education.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Even for tokens, these women tend to be pretty cliched: They wear leather and heels, even though neither are conducive to fighting.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
“We are trying to create a community that is conducive to the way people live their lives here,” Morkun said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有助于…的
分布：有益的(73%)，有助的(27%)
US [-'du:-] adjective
■providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist 有利的，有助的，有益的
• Such a noisy environment was not conducive to a good night's sleep. 在这样嘈杂的环境下，晚上难以睡个好觉。
• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying. 这样的气氛更有利于学习。
adj. 有益的；有助于…的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, advantageous, profitable

Word: defective
Front: defective
[dɪˈfektɪv] (托 10995/7186 -1)
Vocabulary: defective
(once / 1019 pages)
adj
Something that's defective doesn't work quite right, because it's damaged in some way. Your defective car probably won't make it all the way to California from New York.
Defective things are broken or flawed. A defective blender won't mix your morning smoothie the way you want it to, and a defective law doesn't serve the people it's meant to protect. A very old-fashioned meaning of defective, which is considered quite offensive today, is "mentally ill" or "mentally handicapped." The Late Latin root is defectivus, "to fail, revolt, or desert."
WORD FAMILY
defective: defectively, defectiveness+/ defect: defected, defecting, defection, defective, defector, defects/ defection: defections/defector: defectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cystic fibrosis is caused by the inheritance of two copies of a defective gene, one from each parent.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Such a plea would be an escalation of punishments against auto companies for defective products.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Finally, consumers who find an item to be defective may ask for a replacement or store credit.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有错误的; 有缺陷的，有瑕疵的; [语]变化不全的; 智力低于正常的
n. 身心有缺陷的人; 变化不全的词
分布：有缺陷的(95%)，有缺陷的人(5%)
adjective
■describes something that has a fault in it and does not work correctly 有缺陷的，有毛病的，有问题的
• defective brakes 有问题的刹车装置
• defective eyesight 有缺陷的视力
• a defective gene 缺损的基因
• I think that theory is defective. 我认为那种理论有缺陷。
adj. 有缺陷的；不完美的
 - deficient, disabled, flawed

Word: mammoth
Front: mammoth
[ˈmæməθ] (托宝 11025/14069 -1)
Vocabulary: mammoth
(once / 1714 pages)
nadj
The adjective mammoth is a great way to describe something really, really big, like those huge woolly elephants they’re still finding in the melting glaciers.
The word mammoth is a pretty new one, dating back only to around 1700. It was first only a noun from the Russian word mammot, meaning “earth,” and used to name the newly-discovered fossilized creature that was thought to have burrowed in the earth like a mole. The word, a rare Russian contribution to English, was not used as an adjective until around 1800—notably when President Thomas Jefferson used it to describe a very large cheese.
WORD FAMILY
mammoth: mammothly, mammoths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thursday for an area around Lake Tahoe stretching south to Mammoth Lakes, California.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mammoth technology industry confab, formerly the International Consumer Electronics Show, used to be centered on big-screen televisions, appliances and speakers.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There is also a danger of traders passing off elephant ivory as legal mammoth ivory.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [动]猛玛（象）; 庞然大物
adj. 庞大的，巨大的
分布：猛犸(49%)，庞大的(19%)，巨大的(16%)，长毛象(16%)
→来自俄罗斯语mammot,可能来自乌拉尔某语言，ma,土，oute,角。因其骷髅化石角插在土里而得名，从而使人们认为其能够像鼹鼠一样打洞而得名。
【记】原指猛犸：一种体形大、有毛且已绝种了的象。Mam妈妈，moth＝mouth嘴：妈妈的嘴－巨大的。
adjective
■extremely large 巨大的；庞大的
• Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task. 清扫全市范围内的垃圾将是一项艰巨的任务。
• It's a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope? 这是一项艰巨的任务——你肯定有能力完成吗？
['mæm.əθ] noun countable
■a type of large elephant covered in hair that had tusks and no longer exists 猛犸（象），毛象（现已绝种）
n. 长毛象； [古生] 猛犸象；庞然大物
 - monolith, leviathan
adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的
 - huge, enormous, tremendous, massive, macro

Word: predatory
Front: predatory
[ˈpredətri] (托 11039/12014)
Vocabulary: predatory
(once / 3138 pages)
adj
Predatory animals are those who kill and then eat — in other words, "prey on" — other animals. Hawks, lions, alligators, and human beings are all predatory animals.
Predatory is also used when one party victimizes another for personal gain. For example, businesses are often accused of "predatory practices" when they take advantage of senior citizens, the uneducated, or people who simply don’t understand the specifics of the loan or insurance policy they're signing up for. This is why it’s important to read the fine print of business documents.
WORD FAMILY
predatory: predatorily+/ predator: predators, predatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This attack shows how rampant Russian hacking is. It’s systemic, relentless, predatory,” Rep. Peter Welch said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Others complain of entrenched corruption at all levels, and predatory police.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Ms. Warren called the garnishments “predatory” and said she would work to ban them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 掠夺成性的; 食肉的; 捕食生物的
分布：掠夺的(60%)，捕食生物的(40%)
→来自predator,捕食者。
US [-tɔ:r-] adjective
■A predatory animal kills and eats other animals （动物）以捕食其他动物为生的，食肉的
• The owl is a predatory bird which kills its prey with its claws. 猫头鹰是一种掠食性鸟类，它用爪子杀死猎物。
■mainly disapproving
■A predatory person or organization tries to get something that belongs to someone else （人或组织）掠夺（性）的，掠夺成性的
• The company spent much effort in avoiding takeover bids from predatory competitors. 该公司作出很多努力防止掠夺性的竞争对手对其施行收购。
■disapproving
■describes someone who expresses sexual interest in a very obvious way 好色成性的
• I hate going to bars on my own because men look at you in such a predatory way. 我不喜欢一个人去酒吧，因为那里的男人会色眯眯地看着你。
adj. 掠夺的，掠夺成性的；食肉的；捕食生物的
 - rapacious, spoliatory

Word: treasurer
Front: treasurer
[ˈtreʒərə(r)] (六宝 11019/5768 -1)
Vocabulary: treasurer
(once / 700 pages)
n
A treasurer has the important job of tallying up funds received by an organization, handing out money for expenses, and keeping track of how much is left over.
Governments, businesses, clubs, and charities all have treasurers to manage their money. If you volunteer to be the treasurer of your school French club, you'll be responsible for keeping track of the money that comes in from your bake sale, as well as what's spent on your trip to Quebec. The noun treasurer comes from the Old French word for "treasure," tresor, which has its ultimate root in the Greek word thesauros, "store, treasure, or treasure house."
WORD FAMILY
treasurer: treasurers, treasurership+/treasurership: treasurerships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kennedy’s chief deputy will run the treasurer’s office until someone is elected to the job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael Waite is a Seattle-based finance professional who was a candidate for state treasurer last year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Republican state Treasurer John Kennedy, always the front-runner in the race, ended up winning a runoff with Democrat Foster Campbell in December.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 财务主管; 司库; 出纳员
分布：会计(41%)，司库(36%)，出纳员(23%)
→treasure,财富，珍宝，-er,人。即看管财富的人，引申诸相关词义。
【记】treasure（n 财宝；财富），r人：财务员
US [-ɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who is responsible for an organization's money （机构的）司库，会计，财务主管
n. 会计；司库；财务主管；出纳员
 - teller, financial executive

Word: disable
Front: disable
[dɪsˈeɪbl] (研四六雅 11005/11465 -1)
Vocabulary: disable
(once / 485 pages)
v
When an injury disables someone, it leaves the person seriously hurt, probably for the rest of their life. If a car accident disables you, you are permanently limited in some physical way.
Illness, as well as injury, can disable people: for example, diabetes disables some sufferers by leaving them blind or weakening their hearts. A completely different way to disable is to make something unusable or unable to work in a certain way. if you disable your smoke detector while you cook nachos in your smoky oven, it won't work until you reconnect the batteries.
WORD FAMILY
disable: disabled, disablement, disables, disabling +/ ability: abilities, inability / able: ability, abler, ablest, ably, disable, enable, unable/ disability: disabilities/disabled: disability /disablement: disablements/disenable: disenabled, disenabling/ enable: disenable, enabled, enables, enabling / inability: inabilities/unable: unablest, unably
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is feeding demand for increasingly advanced technology to bring down or disable unwanted drones.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Mets finish season with 12 men on disabled list, including Mr. Met.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Christopher devoted much of his life offscreen to caring for his autistic son, Ned, and to championing for the developmentally disabled and their families.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使无能力; 使残废，使伤残; 使无资格; 使不中用
时态：disabled, disabling, disables
分布：使 ... 失去能力(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-able, 有能力的，健康的。引申义使伤残的。
vt.使残废;使失去能力;丧失能力It's a fable that the cable enables the disabled man to be able to walk.电缆使得残疾人能够行走是天方夜谭.
verb
PERSON 人
transitive often passive
■to cause someone to have an illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult for them to do the things that other people do 使伤残，使丧失能力
• She was disabled in the accident. 她在那次事故中致残。
[dɪ'seɪ.bl] verb
MACHINE 机器
transitive
■to stop something such as (part of) a machine, system or weapon from working 使发生故障，使失灵，使无法正常工作
• These guns will destroy or disable any incoming missile. 这些大炮能摧毁任何来犯的导弹或使其失灵。
• Disable the alarm system and then enter the building. 破坏警报系统然后进入大楼。
harm, hurt, damage, disable, injure, wound
这组词都有“损害，伤害”的意思，其区别是：
harm: 主要用于有生命的东西，语气略强于injure，指引起严重的痛苦和损伤；有时也用于抽象事物，指造成任何不良后果。
hurt: 普通用词，较口语化，侧重指给有生命的东西造成机体上或精神、感情上的或轻或重的伤害。
damage: 通常指对无生命物体的损害，并有降低其价值，破坏其功能等的后果。
disable: 强调使伤残。
injure: 较hurt正式，多用于有生命的事物。既可指伤害别人的事物。即可指伤害别人的健康、外貌、自尊心、名誉等，又可指使别人受伤或东西受损，同时含有受伤害部分至少暂时丧失功能的意味。
wound: 专指对身体的重伤，尤指在战斗中受的伤，强调外部创伤；也可指精神方面的伤害。
vt. 使失去能力；使残废；使无资格
 - maim

Word: reference
Front: reference
[ˈrefrəns] (高研四六雅 1904/1016 -K3)
Vocabulary: reference
(once / 123 pages)
1n 2nv 3n 4n
If you are writing a report for school, you are probably relying on a few references, or sources, for information. Or, if you are applying for a job, you may count on a reference from a previous boss to help you get the job.
Good references are sometimes necessary to either get a job or to get a job done well. A reference is someone you can rely on to put in a good word for you when applying for a job. Or, a reference might be an outside source you use in a research paper. Don't forget: if you reference outside work, be sure to mention it in your bibliography or "list of references" so you don't get accused of plagiarism. Give credit where it's due.
WORD FAMILY
reference: referenced, references, referencing, referential +/ refer: referable, referee, reference, refering, referral, referred, referring, refers/ referee: refereed, refereeing, referees/ referral: referrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Quiet sitting at room temperature is the standard RMR reference point; this is referred to as one metabolic equivalent, or MET.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
That is a clear reference, I believe, to our response to the protests at Israel Fest last year.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Lane argued it was a complimentary reference to physical strength and “was not accompanied by any overtly racial slurs.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 参考; 参考书; 提及，涉及; 证明人，介绍人
v. 引用; 参照
时态：referenced, referencing, references
分布：参考(85%)，参照(8%)，推荐人(4%)，注明出处(1%)，出处(1%)，附参考资料(1%)
→来自 refer,查阅，参考。
参考;引证(refer+ence)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
n.提及,涉及;参考,参考书目;证明书(人)I prefer the preferable preference you referred to in the reference books.我更喜欢你在参考书中提到的那个更可取的优先权.
US [-ɚ-] noun
MENTION 论及
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a mention of something 提到；谈到；论及
• Knowing what had happened, I avoided making any reference to (= mentioning) weddings. 因为我知道发生了甚么，所以就避开不谈婚礼的事情。
• formal I am writing with/in reference to (= in connection with) your letter of 15 March. 现就3月15日贵函致覆。
UK ['ref.ər.ənts] US [-ɚ-] noun
IN A PIECE OF WRITING 引文
 IMPROVER countable
■a writer or a book, article, etc. that is mentioned in a piece of writing, showing you where the person writing found their information 引文出处；参考书目
 IMPROVER countable (abbreviation ref)
■in a business letter, a number that tells you who to speak to or where to look for more information （商务信函中为方便查询所用的）标识，编号，标记
• In all future letters on this subject, please use/quote our reference JW/155/C/1991. 今后有关此事项的所有信件都请标明我方信函编号
UK ['ref.ər.ənts] US [-ɚ-] noun
LETTER 信件
 ADVANCED countable
■a letter that is written by someone who knows you, to describe you and say if you are suitable for a job or course, etc 推荐信；介绍信
• My old headteacher said he would write/give me a glowing (= very good) reference. 我以前的中学校长说他会为我写一封很好的推荐信。
UK ['ref.ər.ənts] US [-ɚ-] noun
LOOK AT 看
uncountable
■when you look at look at a book, piece of paper, etc in order to find information and help 参考，查阅
• He made the whole speech without reference to the notes in front of him. 他整场演讲完全没有参考他面前的笔记。
citation, quotations, reference
citation: 引用某人先前的说话
quotations: 照搬原文
reference: 参考
n. 参考，参照；涉及，提及；参考书目；介绍信；证明书
 - involved in, mention
vi. 引用
 - quote
vt. 引用
 - cite

Word: censor
Front: censor
[ˈsensə(r)] (六托雅宝 10997/18562 -1)
Vocabulary: censor
(once / 647 pages)
1nv 2n
A censor takes out things that are objectionable or inappropriate, like the censors at the TV networks bleeping out all the bad words in a show.
To put it simply, a censor judges. Originating in the 1530’s, a censor was originally a Roman magistrate who took censuses and oversaw public morals. Censors today are hired by TV stations, publishers and the government to examine books, films and other material and strip out or flag all the amoral, offensive or otherwise bad stuff. Thankfully, in the U.S. free speech usually wins out over censorship.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
censor / censure
A censor hides information. A censure is harsh criticism. They're both judgments and they both stink.
Foul language, nudity, and revolutionary ideas are often censored, or hidden, by some gang who's in charge, such as a government, the FCC, or your parents when they kick you out of the room for the best part of the movie. Censor can act as a verb or a noun:
But Iran routinely censors the Internet using sophisticated filtering technology. (Wall Street Journal)
The catalog reproduces a news photograph of "beach censors" arresting women in such offending garb. (New York Times)
Censure is a strong dislike. When you strongly disapprove of something, usually in an official capacity, you are censuring that something, like when the student council censures your idea to have a pool party in December. Here are more examples:
"They're tired of being censured or criticized," Dr. McKenna said. (Time)
While Maud, still smarting inwardly from her father's recent sharp censure, had not dared to brave Mr. Warren's certain anger by doing so. (Laura Dent Crane)
They sound alike but not the same: censor sounds like senser and censure sounds like senshure. Remember: to be censored is to be stopped from saying something; to be censured is to be reprimanded after you've said it.
WORD FAMILY
censor: censored, censorial, censoring, censorious, censors, censorship +/censored: uncensored/censoring: censorings/ censorious: censoriously/ censorship: censorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
His government imprisoned democratic critics and censored the press.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
To be censored and blocked rightfully naming the rise of fascism is a form of fascism itself and corporate collaboration.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The one concession will be that the game will be broadcast with a five-second delay — just enough time to censor any colorful language.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 监察官，检查员; （牛津大学等的）学监; [心理]潜意识压抑力; [心]抑制性潜意识
vt. 审查，检查; 审查（书刊等）; 检查（信件等）; 删改
时态：censored, censoring, censors
分布：检查(54%)，检查员(32%)，监察官(14%)
→来自census，审查。
审查员(cens+or→判断之人→审查员)[cens=judge表示"判断"]
【记】原指：古罗马监察官负责人口调查、监察人民行为和社会风尚读：三色－三级和色情的简称－要审查一下读：三思－审查需要三思而后行
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to read books, watch films, etc. in order to remove anything offensive from them, or who reads private letters, especially sent during war or from prison, to remove parts considered unsuitable （书籍、电影等的）审查员，审查官；（尤指战时或监狱中私人书信的）检查员
UK ['sent.sər] US [-sɚ] verb transitive
■to remove anything offensive from books, films, etc., or to remove parts considered unsuitable from private letters, especially sent during war or from a prison 审查（对书、电影等进行删改，以筛除当中冒犯粗劣的内容，也指对战时或监狱中所写的私人书信的检查，删除其中不当的部分）
• The book was heavily censored when first published. 这本书首次出版时经过了严格的审查。
vt. 审查，检查
 - examine, review, inspect
n. 检查员； [心理] 潜意识压抑力；信件检查员
 - supervisor, inspector

Word: ludicrous
Front: ludicrous
[ˈlu:dɪkrəs] (雅宝 11008/9509 -1)
Vocabulary: ludicrous
(once / 910 pages)
adj
Ludicrous things are funny, absurd, or nonsensical. If someone says something silly or far-fetched, you could say "That's ludicrous!"
Ludicrous originally meant something that was funny, playful, or joking: a ludicrous comment was just a really funny comment. Over time, ludicrous took on a more negative flavor. Now a ludicrous statement might be funny, but it's also ridiculous, hard to believe, off the wall, or even stupid. When people say "That idea is ludicrous!" it usually means the idea could never happen: the notion is laughable. Saying Neil Armstrong was the third President would be a ludicrous statement.
WORD FAMILY
ludicrous: ludicrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s ludicrous and arbitrary,” according to Devinsky, who says getting government approval for his epilepsy trial required dozens of hours of extra work.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“The idea that Mr. Brunson’s arrest was related to his religious affiliation is ludicrous,” a senior Turkish official told me.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Amnesty International called the conviction "ludicrous" and the trial "farcical".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 可笑的; 荒唐的
分布：可笑的(54%)，滑稽的(25%)，荒谬的(21%)
→来自拉丁语ludere,游戏，玩乐，词源同allude,prelude.
滑稽的,可笑的(ludicr[=lud]+ous→闹着玩的→可笑的)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】lud＝lude玩，ous多－玩儿的东西很多－可笑的
adjective
■stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at 愚蠢可笑的；荒谬的
• a ludicrous idea/suggestion 可笑的想法／荒谬的建议
• He looked ludicrous in that suit! 他穿上那套衣服看上去很可笑！
adj. 滑稽的；荒唐的
 - funny, humouristic

Word: articulation
Front: articulation
[ɑ:ˌtɪkjuˈleɪʃn] (11023/10313)
Vocabulary: articulation
(once / 4004 pages)
1n 2n
Articulation is the act of expressing something in a coherent verbal form, or an aspect of pronunciation involving the articulatory organs.
Articulation comes from the Latin word for "jointed" or "divided into joints." So it makes sense that the word's original definition described movement at a joint, as in the articulation of your fingers while you're typing. (The joints themselves can also be called articulations.) This noun also describes the act of joining things in such a way that makes motion possible.
WORD FAMILY
articulation: articulations+/ articulate: articulated, articulately, articulateness, articulates, articulating, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, disarticulate, inarticulate, unarticulate/ articulated: unarticulated/articulator: articulators/disarticulate: disarticulated, disarticulating/ inarticulate: inarticulately
USAGE EXAMPLES
The piano’s tone is pristine, the articulation clean, the balance between the hands immaculate, the overall tenor both spirited and rapt.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Each ruggedly crafted figure features roughly 24 points of articulation and a few accessories to create the perfect battle poses between the icons.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Clarity of articulation is key to the conductor’s approach.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 清晰度，咬合，关节; 发音; 接合
分布：表达(67%)，连接(21%)，接合(12%)
US [ɑ:r-] noun uncountable
SAYING 说
■the way in which you pronounce words or produce sounds 发音的方式
• A good singer needs to have good articulation (= a clear way of pronouncing words). 一名优秀的歌手需要吐字清晰。
■the way in which you express your feelings and ideas, etc. 表达的方式
UK [ɑ:ˌtɪk.jʊ'leɪ.ʃən] US [ɑ:r-] noun uncountable
JOINING 连接
■in something that consists of two or more parts, the way in which the parts are joined and able to move in relation to each other 连接，连贯；连接的方式
n. [解剖] 关节；接合；清晰发音
 - joint, junction

Word: chiefly
Front: chiefly
[ˈtʃi:fli] (托 11035/7032 -1)
Vocabulary: chiefly
(once / 156 pages)
adv
Use the adverb chiefly to mean "mostly" or "primarily." You could say your history class is chiefly focused on 18th century American history if all your teacher wants to talk about is the American Revolution.
If you usually ride your bike to work, you can say, "I'm chiefly a bicycle commuter," and your neighbor's obituary might mention that she'll be chiefly remembered for her work as a civil rights activist in the 1960s. You can also use chiefly to mean "for the most part," when you talk about the contents or composition of something: "My granola is chiefly almonds." The word comes from the Old French chief, "principal" or "first."
WORD FAMILY
chief: chiefest, chiefly, chiefs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Illegal ivory ends up on the legal market after being smuggled into the country, chiefly by criminal syndicates.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Chiefly, that’s smaller companies, which tend to do more of their business within the United States.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The latter say they favor spending more chiefly for two reasons: to protect America from epidemics and to improve the nation’s image abroad.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adv. 首先，第一; 主要; 尤其
adj. 领袖（般）的
分布：主要地(100%)
adverb
■mainly 主要地；大部分地
• The island chiefly attracts upmarket tourists. 这个岛屿所吸引的主要是高消费阶层的游客。
• magazines intended chiefly for teenagers 以青少年为主要对象的杂志
principally, mainly, generally, largely, chiefly, primarily, mostly, greatly
这组词都有“主要地，大量地”的意思，其区别是：
principally: 侧重居首要地位。
mainly: 指主要部分，突出在一系列事物中的相对重要性。
generally: 通常强调普遍性。
largely: 着重范围或分量大大超过别的成分。
chiefly: 侧重某人或某物在众多的人或物中占主要和显著地位。
primarily: 侧重基本地，首要地。
mostly: 强调数量占多半，近乎全部。
greatly: 通常强调程度的高。
adv. 主要地；首先
 - mainly, basically, primarily, largely, mostly, firstly

Word: optimum
Front: optimum
[ˈɒptɪməm] (研六托雅宝 11020/7895 -1)
Vocabulary: optimum
(once / 6281 pages)
adjn
An optimum is the best condition or highest extent of something. He didn't mean to create a science experiment, but the unwashed coffee cup under his desk became the optimum dark, wet environment for growing lots of mold.
Optimum came into English in the 19th century from the Latin optimus, "best." You can use optimum to describe the best conditions for meeting a goal or achieving something, and it often refers to conditions in scientific tests. Runners determine their optimum weight before running a marathon, and astronauts train in the optimum environments for recreating what they'll experience in space. Optimum conditions for a great barbecue might include sunshine and blue skies.
WORD FAMILY
optimum: optima, optimise, optimize +/optimise: optimisation, optimises, optimising/ optimize: optimization, optimized, optimizes, optimizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The common thread in the losses is the Clippers’ failure to perform at an optimum level in the fourth quarter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
More research is needed to determine the optimum amount of strength training for women and men to reduce their risks.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
"Only the communication between the video assistant referee and the referee was not optimum."
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 最适宜的
n. 最佳效果; 最适宜条件; [生物学] 最适度
分布：最佳的(53%)，最适宜的(26%)，最适宜(21%)
→来自拉丁语optimum,最优的，最佳的，可能来自op,选择，词源同option.-tim,最高级后缀，词源同maximum,ultimate,intimate.
(生物成长)最适宜的条件或环境(optim+um表示场地,如：museum博物馆)[optim=best,表示"最好"]
a.最适宜的n.最适宜(条件)If you wait for the optimum moment to act, you may never begin your project.
US ['ɑ:p-] (also optimal)
adjective [before noun]
■best; most likely to bring success or advantage 最优的，最佳的；优化的
• A mixture of selected funds is an optimum choice for future security and return on investment. 同时选择几种基金是确保未来投资安全和投资收益的最佳选择。

Word: treasury
Front: treasury
[ˈtreʒəri] (9660/2900 -3)
Back: n. 国库，金库; （政府的）财政部; 宝库，宝藏; 贮藏所，库房
分布：财政部(53%)，国债(27%)，国库(14%)，金库(3%)，宝库(3%)
→treasure,财富，珍宝，-ury,表地。引申词义财政部。
N-COUNT-COLL
(英、美等国的)财政部
In Britain, the United States, and some other countries, the Treasury is the government department that deals with the country's finances.
例：The Treasury has long been predicting an upturn in consumer spending.财政部早就预测消费者支出会出现上扬。
N-COUNT
(城堡、教堂等的)宝库，珍藏室
The treasury in a building such as a castle or a church is a room where valuable objects are displayed or stored.
n. [财政] 国库， [金融] 金库；财政部；宝库
 - chest, public purse

Word: trappings
Front: trappings
[ˈtræpɪŋz] (11010/- -1)
Vocabulary: trappings
(once / 2530 pages)
n
Big house, shiny new car, a custom-made suit, an expensive watch, cool sunglasses... If you have these things, you have the trappings of success, which means you own things that give you the outward appearance of success.
The word trappings originally described the decorations people attached to their horse's bridle and saddle. The goal was to make a statement about the rider's power and privilege. Today, we still have trappings, but they take other forms, such as expensive clothing with big logos or big diamond earrings. Trappings are material items that tell the world that someone has money — or a credit card — but not about who he or she is on the inside.
WORD FAMILY
trapping: trappings +/ entrap: entrapment, entrapped, entrapping, entraps/ entrapment: entrapments/trap: entrap, trapped, trapper, trapping, traps/trapper: trappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
These culture-war fights touch on some of the deepest political issues of our time, even if the trappings are frivolous.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
These opposite poles of life are dressed in identical trappings, and we’re invited to react to them with a single, limited set of coded responses.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
At Washington, he runs a program with all the trappings of a powerhouse.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 马饰; 装饰; 外部标志; （标志官职的）服饰
分布：服饰(57%)，装饰(27%)，外部标志(12%)，名词trapping的复数形式.(4%)
→来自中古英语 trappe,马鞍，马饰，装饰，改写自法语 drap,布，词源同 drape,窗帘，帘布。后 引申词义个人所有物，标志，服装等。
【记】trap（n 陷阱），ping平，s：陷阱被铺平了－因为有人穿着表示职位的服饰，不能随便陷害他。
plural noun
■all the things that are part of or typical of a particular job, situation or event （特定工作、处境或事件的）从属物，标志
• He enjoyed the trappings of power , such as a chauffeur-driven car and bodyguards. 他喜欢权力带来的一切，比如有专职司机和保镖。
• The demonstration had all the trappings of a typical 1960s peace demo. 这次示威具备典型的20世纪60年代和平示威的所有特征。
n. 服饰，礼服；外部标志；马饰
 - finery, getup

Word: dagger
Front: dagger
[ˈdægə(r)] (托宝 11028/10257 -1)
Vocabulary: dagger
(once / 614 pages)
n
A dagger is a weapon, a sharp knife that's used for self-defense or fighting. During the Late Middle Ages, daggers were a sort of back-up to the longer sword, both carried during battles.
Most daggers have a sharp, pointed blade and a handle with a "crossguard" that protects a fighter's hand from sliding forward and getting cut. Throughout history, various kinds of daggers have been used in close combat. The word comes from the Old French dague, though its origin beyond that isn't known. The ancient last name Dagard, dating from the 13th century or earlier, meant "one who carries a dagger."
WORD FAMILY
dagger: dagger-like, daggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The whole process was slightly cloak and dagger but the non-retail nature only added to the allure of the sale.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
They leered across the bar throwing judgmental daggers at the laughter and sparkles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Officials with the Salvation Army said that’s largely because of Dagger’s Toy Run.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 匕首; 短剑
vt. 用剑刺
分布：匕首(83%)，短剑(17%)
→可能来自拉丁语*daca, 地名Dacian，原罗马帝国行省。因产自Dacian而得名。
【记】读：迭戈（马拉多纳）。不用我解释了吧，此人不但巨能进球，还有上帝之匕首！
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a short pointed knife which is sharp on both sides, used especially in the past as a weapon （尤指旧时的）匕首，短剑
UK ['dæg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
(at) daggers drawn
■If two people, countries, etc. are at daggers drawn, they are in a state of extreme unfriendliness and do not trust each other 冷战（的），相互戒备（的）
• The two sides have been at daggers drawn for some months now with no sign of improvement in relations. 双方一连冷战了好几个月，到现在依然没有任何缓和的迹象。
n. 匕首，短剑
 - knife, stiletto

Word: want
Front: want
[wɒnt] (中高宝 83/94 -K5)
Vocabulary: want
(once / 10 pages)
nv
In all its forms, want has to do with the lack of having and the desire to have. You can want or desire something you’d like, or you can be in want of something you need.
The word want goes back to the 12th century and the Old Norse language, where vanta meant "to be deficient," or “in want.” If someone keeps bugging you, you might lose patience and ask, "What do you want?" If you are seeking employment, check the "want ads" or look for signs saying "Help Wanted." If you are a "wanted criminal," you might have trouble getting hired.
WORD FAMILY
want: wanted, wanter, wanting, wants+/unwanted: unwantedly/wanted: unwanted/wanter: wanters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Osama bin Laden, the world’s most wanted man, is killed by US special forces in a nighttime raid of his secret compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
OVERREACTION: The Falcons are the team nobody wants to play in the playoffs.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The director of policy and strategy at CityUK, said businesses did not want to move.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: v. 想要; 希望; 打算; 需要…在场
n. 需要的东西; 缺少; 贫穷
时态：wanted, wanting, wants
分布：要(67%)，想要(25%)，缺乏(5%)，贫穷(1%)，通缉(1%)，需求品(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wano,缺乏，空无，词源同wane,waste,vanity。引申词义渴望，想要。
vt.想要;希望;需要;缺,缺少n.需要;短缺He conceals the fact that he is jealous of my seal and wants to steal it.他隐瞒了他嫉妒我的印章并想偷的事实.
【记】因为want所以want东西
【反】repletion（n 充满）
US [wɑ:nt] verb transitive
WISH 想要
 ESSENTIAL
■to wish for a particular thing or plan of action. 'Want' is not used in polite requests in British English 想要，希望（英国英语中礼貌的请求不用 want）
• I want some chocolate. 我想要些巧克力。
• She wants a word with you. 她想跟你说句话。
• He's everything you'd ever want in a man - bright, funny and attractive. 他具备你理想中男人的所有特质——聪明、风趣而又有魅力。
• [+ to infinitive] What do you want to eat? 你想吃甚么？
• [+ obj + to infinitive] Do you want me to take you to the station? 你要我送你去车站吗？
• [+ obj + past participle] This letter - do you want it sent first class? 这封信你想按第一类邮件寄送吗？
• [+ obj + adj] Do you want this pie hot? 这块馅饼你想要热一下吗？
• [+ obj + -ing verb] I don't want a load of traffic going past my house all night, waking me up. 我可不希望整个晚上都有大量的车辆从我家房子旁经过，吵得我睡不着觉。
• You wait - by next year she'll be wanting a bigger house! 你等着瞧——明年她就会想要一所更大的房子了！
Compare like
 ADVANCED
■to wish or need someone to be present 希望（或需要）（某人）到场
• Am I wanted at the meeting tomorrow? 明天的会议要我参加吗？
• He is wanted by the police (= The police are searching for him). 警方正在通缉他。
want in/out of informal
■to want to start or stop being involved in something 想要加入／退出
• I want out of the whole venture before it's too late. 我想在还来得及的时候退出整个经营计划。
  Common Learner Errors  want When want is followed by a verb, that verb cannot be in the infinitive without 'to'. Do not say 'want do something', say want to do something.
✗ Some women do not want stay at home and look after children. Some women do not want to stay at home and look after children.
UK [wɒnt] US [wɑ:nt] verb transitive
NEED 需要
■to need something 需要
• Do you think this soup wants a bit of salt? 你觉得这汤里要不要加点盐？
• [+ -ing verb] The wine is in the fridge - it just wants cooling for a couple of minutes. 葡萄酒在冰箱里——只需要冰镇几分钟。
• If you ask me that child wants a good slap! 依我说，那孩子就欠狠狠扇一巴掌！
want to
■used in giving advice to mean that someone should do something （用于提供建议）应该，应当
• You want to tell him now, before it's too late. 趁还来得及，你应该现在就告诉他。
UK [wɒnt] US [wɑ:nt] verb transitive
not/never want for anything formal
■to have all the basic things you need to lead a satisfactory life 甚么也不缺
• As children we never wanted for anything. 作为孩子我们从不缺甚么。
UK [wɒnt] US [wɑ:nt] verb transitive
tried and found wanting
■tried and discovered to be not effective 试过但没有效果
• This government's policies, said the speaker, have been tried and found wanting. 发言人说，这届政府的政策实行后发现收效不大。
UK [wɒnt] US [wɑ:nt] noun
LACK 缺少
uncountable
■a lack of something 缺乏，缺少
• For want of anything better to do I watched television for a while. 由于没有甚么更好的事情可做，我就看了一会儿电视。
• If we fail it won't be for want of trying (= We have tried even if we fail). 即使我们失败了，我们也曾努力过。
UK [wɒnt] US [wɑ:nt] noun
NEED 需要
in want of
■needing 需要
• He appeared tired and in want of a shave. 他显得很疲惫，胡子也需要刮了。
wants [plural] formal
■needs 需求
• Our wants are few. 我们所需要的很少。
need, require, lack, want
这组词都有“缺少、短少”的意思，其区别是：
need: 语气较重，指需要必不可少的东西，强调急需。
require: 使用广泛，语气较轻。强调急需时可与need换用，但有时暗示所需的人或物是完成某一任务必不可少的。
lack: 指完全短缺或数量不足。
want: 侧重缺少某种必需之物，或个人渴望得到的东西。
shortage, absence, scarcity, lack, want
这组词都有“缺乏，不足”的意思，其区别是：
shortage: 指不足，但侧重达不到规定的，需要的或已知应有的数量。
absence: 指某物根本不存在或完全短缺，或某人虽存在，但未到现场。
scarcity: 指产量不足或缺乏某物难以应付或满足需要。
lack: 普通用词，指部分或完全的不足。
want: 指完全或短缺某物，侧重缺少之物是必需的东西。使用范围比lack窄些。
expect, desire, wish, long, want, hope
这组词都有“希望”的意思，其区别是：
expect: 通常指有很大程度的把握，但仍含有预料之意，或预计某事或某行动的发生。
desire: 语气较正式庄重，着重渴望的力量与热切，常含有强烈的意图和目的。
wish: 语气较弱，多指难于实现或不可能实现的愿望。
long: 语气强，指极殷切地盼望着，这种盼望侧重于很难或不可能得到的东西。有时也指一般愿望，但含一定感情色彩。
want: 一般指所想要的东西是切望得到的东西，能弥补实际需要。
hope: 指对愿望实现有一定信心的希望。
vt. 需要；希望；应该；缺少
 - ask, would have, claim
n. 需要；缺乏；贫困；必需品
 - necessity, shortage, need, poverty, deficiency
vi. 需要；缺少
 - wish, have need of

Word: frequent
Front: frequent
[ˈfri:kwənt] (高研四六托雅宝 3272/3109 -K4)
Vocabulary: frequent
(once / 52 pages)
adjv
Use the adjective frequent to describe something done often and at regular intervals. If your family likes to read, you may be a frequent visitor to the library. You may also have frequent arguments with your family about who gets to read a book first.
The adjective form of frequent also means regularly and often encountered. If you live on the windward side of Oahu, Hawaii, you may experience frequent rain showers. As a verb, frequent means to be a regular visitor or to patronize. You can frequent the trails of the National Parks. You may prefer to frequent locally-owned businesses.
WORD FAMILY
frequent: frequence, frequency, frequentative, frequented, frequenter, frequenting, frequently, frequents, infrequent +/frequence: frequences/ frequency: frequencies/frequentative: frequentatives/frequented: unfrequented/frequenter: frequenters/ infrequent: infrequency, infrequenter, infrequently/unfrequented: unfrequentedest, unfrequentedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Overcrowding is a serious problem and violent riots are frequent.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Sun’s portrait still hangs in schools and government offices, and looks serenely down on the frequent fisticuffs in Taiwan’s parliament.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
That summer, Erik completed an intensive treatment program that included frequent drug testing.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 频繁的，时常发生的，常见的; （脉搏等）急促的，快的
时态：frequented, frequenting, frequents
分布：频繁的(58%)，常去(21%)，常到(11%)，经常的(10%)
→来自拉丁语frequens, 反复的，拥挤的，硬塞的。可能来自ger, 围，转，包围，词源同cram, crowd, group.
a.时常发生的,频繁的Subsequently the eloquent man frequently asked the consequence of quenching in sequence.其后雄辩者频繁地询问顺序灭火的结果.
【反】visit rarely（很少拜访）；shun『avoid』有争议：shun侧重故意避开危险、真理、社交等＝avoid deliberately；avoid可指避开任何东西，人，事。它们的区别就在于deliberately，但是没有字典指出frequent是否有故意的含义。但是我会选avoid，有例句表明avoid可以用来避免一个地方。（仅供参考）
US [ˈfriː.kwənt] formal
■to be in or visit a particular place often 常去，常到（某处）
• a bar frequented by criminals 犯罪分子经常光顾的酒吧
constant, continual, consist, frequent
constant: 恒久不变的
continual: 多次重复的，不间断的
consist: 由…组成
frequent: 日常的，频繁的
adj. 频繁的；时常发生的；惯常的
 - confirmed, continual
vt. 常到，常去；时常出入于
 - resort to

Word: thicket
Front: thicket
[ˈθɪkɪt] (宝 11043/15392 -1)
Vocabulary: thicket
(once / 553 pages)
n
A thicket refers to a dense growth of bushes or trees — what you try to avoid by tending to the plants in your backyard.
The word thicket comes from the word thick, which means close together or dense. If you are "thick as thieves," then you are close friends. A thicket is a growth of trees, bushes, or shrubbery that is very close together, often making it difficult for people to walk through or for Red Riding Hood to find her way out of to Grandmother's.
WORD FAMILY
thicket: thickets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cornus sanguinea ‘Arctic Sun’, with its thicket of bare branches in shades of cream through orange and scarlet, is my favorite of the bright-bark dogwoods.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Ubisoft games often dive headlong into contemporary or historical political thickets.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Human remains of eight women, a man and the toddler were found strewn along several miles of thicket adjacent to the parkway.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 灌木丛; 丛状物; 错综复杂
分布：丛林(71%)，草丛(16%)，繁茂处(13%)
→thick,厚的，浓密的，-et,派生后缀。引申词义灌木丛。
noun countable
■an area of trees and bushes growing closely together 灌木丛；小树丛
n. [植] [林] 灌木丛；丛林；错综复杂
 - bosque, shrub

Word: conceptualize
Front: conceptualize
[kənˈseptʃuəlaɪz] (11003/24042)
Vocabulary: conceptualize
(once / 49248 pages)
v
If you have an idea for something, or if you understand something fully, you conceptualize it. You might conceptualize the plan for a big party, but find it hard to conceptualize exactly how the big bang worked.
In conceptualize, you see the word concept which means an idea. Don't think of a simple idea though, like taking a walk. Imagine a complex concept involving many elements, so a little brain work is involved. When you conceptualize, you either create a concept or you grasp one. The idea of man landing on the moon was conceptualized hundreds of years before it was planned or achieved.
WORD FAMILY
conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In abstract painting, elements are included not as visual reproductions of objects, but as references or clues to how we conceptualize objects.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Now 36, he works with the accessories designer as one of her closest confidants, conceptualizing ideas and creative projects such as the hand-painted resort collection.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
One of the more useful way they conceptualize this is by breaking down your financial life cycle into three phases: accumulation, preservation and distribution.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使有概念
vi. 概念化
时态：conceptualized, conceptualizing, conceptualizes
分布：概念化(100%)
(UK usually conceptualise) [kən'sep.tju.ə.laɪz] verb intransitive or transitive formal
■to form an idea or principle in your mind 构想出；（使）形成概念
• He argued that morality could be conceptualized (= thought about) as a series of principles based on human reason. 他争辩说道德可以被看成是基于人类理性基础上的一系列准则。

Word: revolver
Front: revolver
[rɪˈvɒlvə(r)] (11031/12565 -1)
Vocabulary: revolver
(once / 404 pages)
1n 2n
A revolver is a gun that can be held in one hand and has a revolving cylinder. Most revolvers can fire six bullets without being reloaded.
You can also call a revolver a pistol or a handgun or even a six-shooter. This last nickname comes from the fact that many revolvers have six chambers for bullets in their revolving cylinders. Originally, they were called revolving guns, but the man who invented them, Samuel Colt, preferred the briefer revolver, and it caught on.
WORD FAMILY
revolver: revolvers+/ revolve: revolved, revolver, revolves, revolving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The same .38-caliber revolver was used in all four shootings.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He said the man was an “older Mexican gentleman” and that it looked like the firearm was a revolver.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
One of Sweden’s best-known modern artists and the creator of the iconic statue of a revolver barrel tied in a knot.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 左轮手枪; 旋转者，旋转式装置; [冶]转炉
分布：左轮手枪(100%)
→来自 revolve,旋转，转动。后用于指左轮手枪。
左轮手枪(re+volv+er→子弹旋转打出)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
US [-'vɑ:l.vɚ] noun countable
■a type of small gun held in one hand that can be fired several times without putting more bullets in it 左轮手枪

Word: sweatshirt
Front: sweatshirt
[ˈswetʃɜ:t] (10979/15651 -1)
Back: n. 运动衫
分布：运动衫(100%)
US [-ʃɝ:t] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of informal clothing with long sleeves, usually made of thick cotton, worn on the upper part of the body 棉织长袖衫，长袖运动衫
• She was dressed casually in jeans and a sweatshirt. 她随意地穿着一条牛仔裤和一件运动衫。
n. 运动衫；T-恤衫
 - jersey, sports shirt

Word: determinant
Front: determinant
[dɪˈtɜ:mɪnənt] (托宝 11034/8235 -1)
Vocabulary: determinant
(once / 13371 pages)
nadj
A determinant is a factor or cause that makes something happen or leads directly to a decision.
The word determinant hasn't strayed much from its roots in the Latin word for "determining." As a noun or adjective, it refers to determining or deciding something. A snowstorm could be a determinant in school being canceled. Or a good health-care plan could be the determinant in someone taking a job. The determinant cause of a disease is responsible for the spread of the disease. Anything described as determinant is important.
WORD FAMILY
determinant: determinants+/determinable: determinably, undeterminable/ determination: determinations, indetermination, self-determination/ determine: determinable, determinant, determination, determined, determiner, determines, determining, determinism, predetermine, redetermine/ determined: determinedly, undetermined/determiner: determiners/determinism: determinisms, determinist, deterministic/determinist: determinists/predetermination: predeterminations/ predetermine: predetermination, predetermined, predetermines, predetermining/redetermine: redetermination, redetermined, redetermines/undetermined: undeterminedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Allowing your loan to be priced without providing accurate information about all price determinants.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Intelligence is rarely the sole determinant of an action.
Washington Post(Nov 14, 2016)
These are social determinants of health and community, and social and physical environments.
Salon(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 决定物; 决定因素; 行列式; 免疫因子
adj. 决定因素的; 限定性的
分布：决定因素(89%)，决定性的(11%)
N-COUNT
决定物;决定因素
A determinant of something causes it to be of a particular kind or to happen in a particular way.
例：The windows and the views beyond them are major determinants of a room's character.窗户和窗外的景色是决定一个房间特色的主要因素。
例：...the types of determinants that are likely to influence trade in a specific industry.可能会影响特定行业贸易情况的种种决定因素
adj. 决定性的
 - crucial, critical, final, decisive, conclusive
n. 决定因素； [数] 行列式
 - Determinants and Permanents

Word: sanity
Front: sanity
[ˈsænəti] (托雅宝 11021/11977 -1)
Vocabulary: sanity
(once / 2065 pages)
n
Sanity is the opposite of insanity. When you have sanity, you're mentally healthy and not acting crazy.
Sanity is a word for having a healthy state of mind — people with sanity don't have any loose marbles. Outside of mental hospitals, people often use this word in an exaggerated way when they've had a stressful, difficult day, shouting "I'm losing my sanity!" But if you actually lost your sanity, you'd need some serious medical attention. Besides, it usually takes more than one bad day to push someone over the edge.
WORD FAMILY
sanity: sanities+/ insane: insanely, insaneness, insaner, insanest, insanity / insanity: insanities/ sane: insane, sanely, saneness, saner, sanest, sanity
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the bodies pile up around him, Mendieta holds on to his sanity by concentrating on solving one murder.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
People get into moods all the time, but one mark of sanity is the ability to distinguish between a mood and reality.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
“He was this little island of sanity at every red carpet,” said Andy Cohen, the Bravo talk show host and author.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 神志正常; 心智健康; 头脑清楚; 通情达理
分布：头脑清楚(80%)，神智健全(20%)
→来自 sane,健康的，精神正常的，-ity,名词后缀。
精神健全(san+ity)[San,sanit=healthy,表示"健康的"]
神志清楚(sane神志清楚的)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of having a healthy mind and not being mentally ill, or showing good judgment and understanding 心智健全的，神智正常的；头脑清醒的；明智的
• He'd been behaving so strangely that they began to doubt/question his sanity. 他的行为举止非常怪异，他们开始怀疑他的精神是否正常。
• Maybe Jenny can bring some sanity into (= think and act with good judgment in) this crazy situation. 也许珍妮能够为这疯狂的局面带来几分清醒。
• to keep/preserve/retain your sanity 保持清醒
n. 明智；头脑清楚；精神健全；通情达理
 - wisdom, judiciousness

Word: idealism
Front: idealism
[aɪˈdi:əlɪzəm] (六 11045/11949 -1)
Vocabulary: idealism
(once / 905 pages)
1n 2n
Idealism, as "noble-mindedness," is the belief that we should always strive for our highest ideals. Sometimes, though, idealism is a sort of incurable optimism.
It's one thing if you always pursue high-minded goals and right conduct — one definition of idealism. Just be careful to not get so caught up that you fail to see things as they really are — you don't want to go through life "wearing rose-colored glasses" — yet another definition of idealism. In philosophy, idealism is the theory that ideas are the only reality.
WORD FAMILY
idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic +/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealist: idealists/ idealistic: idealistically/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there is any echo of Sun’s idealism, it is in the student “Sunflower Movement”, which wants to keep China at bay.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
“The loss of a child is a loss of innocence, of idealism,” Heisserer adds.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back then, Riboud’s image carried all the hope, idealism and unbound optimism of the times.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 理想主义; 理想化; 唯心主义
分布：理想主义(64%)，唯心主义(22%)，唯心论(11%)，观念论(3%)
→来自ideal,理想的。
唯心主义(idal+ism→理想主义,唯心主义)[idea,ideo=idea,表示"思想,观点"]
唯心主义(ideal理想)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
noun uncountable
■the belief that your ideals can be achieved, often when this does not seem likely to others 理想主义
• She never lost her youthful idealism and campaigned for just causes all her life. 她从未丧失过年轻时的理想主义，终生都在为正义事业而奋斗。
Compare realism specialized
■the belief in philosophy that objects in the world are ideas which only exist in the mind of God or people who see them 唯心主义，唯心论，理念论
n. 唯心主义，理想主义；理念论
 - mentalism

Word: construe
Front: construe
[kənˈstru:] (托宝 11000/7262 -1)
Vocabulary: construe
(once / 1245 pages)
v
If you interpret something or make sense of it, you construe its meaning. If the new girl in your class asks to sit with you at lunch, you could construe that she wants to be friends. You can never have too many friends!
To make an assumption based on evidence is to construe. You could construe that eating an entire box of cookies might make you feel a bit sick. And you might not want to eat them again for a very long time. The opposite of construe is misconstrue, which means to falsely or wrongly interpret. If you get a poor grade on an essay, you shouldn't construe that your teacher dislikes you. If you do, you misconstrue your work for his feelings.
WORD FAMILY
construe: construal, construed, construes, construing, misconstrue +/misconstrual: misconstruals/misconstruction: misconstructions/ misconstrue: misconstrual, misconstruction, misconstrued, misconstrues, misconstruing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The remainder is primarily dedicated to scientific research and development, however broadly construed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
“There’s room for them to minimize the impact of the law and construe it narrowly,” she told me.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Neither study could plausibly be construed to indicate that millions of illegal voters cast ballots in this election.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 分析; 解释; 口译
时态：construed, construing, construes
分布：解释(70%)，翻译(24%)，作句法分析(6%)
→con-, 强调。-str, 拉长，展开，词源同structure,instruct. 即展开的，使便于理解的。
【记】con，strue＝struct结构－弄清结构－解释cons读：看似；true真实的：看似真实的，但又不一定是真实的，那么就需要解释一下。比如你要作假的成绩单，美国老一看，有点儿怀疑，就会让你解释一下成绩的由来。（不要作假！！！）
[kən'stru:] formal
verb
construe sth as sth
■to understand the meaning, especially of other people's actions and statements, in a particular way 将…理解为；把…解释为
• Any change in plan would be construed as indecision. 对计划的任何改动都会被视为优柔寡断。
vt. 分析；解释；翻译
 - analyse, translate

Word: pink
Front: pink
[pɪŋk] (中研四六雅 2488/2698 -K3)
Vocabulary: pink
(once / 217 pages)
1adjn 2n 3n 4v 5v
Anything pink is colored a shade that's a combination of red and white. Young girls are traditionally dolled up in pink outfits, until they eventually rebel and refuse to wear pink as tweens.
The color pink varies from a soft, pastel shade to a bold, bright one — but they're all a lighter version of red, or red with some white added. Many flowers are pink, and there are even a few known as pinks, or garden pinks. If your doctor tells you you're "in the pink" after your checkup, she means you're very healthy. The word began as the flower name, probably from Dutch, in which pink means "small."
WORD FAMILY
pink: pinked, pinker, pinkest, pinking, pinkish, pinkly, pinkness, pinks+/pinkish: pinkishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
By the time he walked over, Quinlan’s lips were once again a healthy pink.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
She’s also showing off some pink highlights in her hair.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Closely held Accolade Wines, also based in Australia, in November launched a pink version of its Sauvignon Blanc Ta_Ku brand.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 粉红色的; 淡红色的; 略带左翼政治观点的; 与同性恋者有关的
n. 粉红色; 典范; 香石竹; 顶点，极度
vt. 刺、扎; 打出小孔图案; 戳
时态：pinked, pinking, pinks
分布：粉红色(69%)，粉红色的(31%)
→词源不确定，可能来自中古法语piquer,刺，扎，穿透，词源同pike,pick.或来自拉丁语pungere,刺，扎，穿透，词源同puncture.引申词义打孔，使成锯齿状，后用于指香石竹花，因其花瓣凹凸不平，有如锯齿而得名，因这种花多开粉红色花朵，后引申词义粉红色的。后引申俚语义同情共产党的，政治左倾的，同时，也用于指娘娘腔，同性恋。
n.粉红色a.粉红色的While sinking into thinking, the shrinking linkman drank the pink ink sprinkled on the wrinkly paper.陷入沉思时,退缩的联络员喝掉了洒在皱纹纸上的粉红色墨水.
adjective
COLOUR 颜色
 ESSENTIAL
■of a pale red colour 粉红色的
• pretty pink flowers 美丽的粉色花朵
• Have you been in the sun? Your nose is a bit pink. 你晒太阳了吗？你的鼻子有点发红。
[pɪŋk] adjective
POLITICS 政治 old-fashioned disapproving
■(slightly) supporting socialist ideas and principles （略）倾向于社会主义的；（稍微）左倾的
[pɪŋk] adjective
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的
■connected with homosexual people 同性恋者的
• the growth in the pink economy 与同性恋者相关的经济增长
[pɪŋk] noun
COLOUR 颜色
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a pale red colour 粉红色
• She's very fond of pink. 她很喜欢粉红色。
[pɪŋk] noun
PLANT 植物
countable
■a small garden plant which has sweet-smelling pink, white or red flowers and narrow grey-green leaves, or one of its flowers 石竹
[pɪŋk] noun
in the pink mainly humorous
■in very good health 非常健康，容光焕发
[pɪŋk] verb intransitive UK (US ping)
■When a car engine pinks, it makes a high knocking sound because the fuel is not burning correctly. （汽车引擎）咯噔咯噔地响，发爆声，爆震
n. 粉红色；化身，典范；石竹花；头面人物
 - picture, ideal
vt. 扎，刺，戳；使…变粉红色；使…面红耳赤
 - stick, string

Word: suggested
Front: suggested
[sə'dʒestɪd] (11046/8740)
Back: adj. 暗示的
v. 建议( suggest的过去式和过去分词 ); 暗示; 使想起; 启示
分布：建议的(78%)，暗示的(15%)，动词suggest的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
VERB
提议;建议
If you suggest something, you put forward a plan or idea for someone to think about.
例：He suggested a link between class size and test results of seven-year-olds...他认为 7 岁大的学生的测试分数和班级的规模有关系。
例：I suggest you ask him some specific questions about his past...我建议你问他一些有关他的过去的具体问题。
VERB
推荐;举荐
If you suggest the name of a person or place, you recommend them to someone.
例：Could you suggest someone to advise me how to do this?...这该怎么办？你能不能推荐一个人帮我出个主意？
例：They can suggest where to buy one.他们可以推荐去哪里购买。
VERB
意思是;言下之意是
If you suggest that something is the case, you say something which you believe is the case.
例：I'm not suggesting that is what is happening...我没有说那就是事实。
例：It is wrong to suggest that there are easy alternatives...如果认为有更容易的选择，那就错了。
VERB
暗示;表明;显示
If one thing suggests another, it implies it or makes you think that it might be the case.
例：Earlier reports suggested that a meeting would take place on Sunday...早先的报道暗示周日可能会召开会议。
例：Its hairy body suggests a mammal.它毛茸茸的身体表明它是哺乳动物。
VERB
使联想到;使想起
If one thing suggests another, it brings it to your mind through an association of ideas.
例：This onomatopoeic word suggests to me the sound a mousetrap makes when it snaps shut.这个拟声词让我想起捕鼠夹子突然合上时的声音。
adj. 建议的；暗示的
 - implicit, propositional
v. 建议；暗示（suggest的过去分词）
 - recommended, advised

Word: burglar
Front: burglar
[ˈbɜ:glə(r)] (高研六托雅 11050/7271 -1)
Vocabulary: burglar
(once / 1283 pages)
n
Use the word burglar when you're talking about someone who steals things from inside a house or a building.
A burglar often breaks a window or forces a lock, intending to take valuable items. The act of doing this is burglary, and to do it is to burglarize in the United States, or to burgle in Britain. In the 1540's, burglar was a short form of the word burglator, from the Latin burgare, "to break open."
WORD FAMILY
burglar: burglars+/burglarious: burglariously/burglarise: burglarised, burglarising/ burglarize: burglarized, burglarizes, burglarizing/ burglary: burglaries, burglarious, burglarise, burglarize / burgle: burglar, burglary, burgled, burgles, burgling
USAGE EXAMPLES
She monitored a video feed of a masked, shirtless burglar.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The office says the quakes apparently did trigger burglar alarms at two businesses, and caused a rock slide that did not block a nearby highway.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Vermont State Police say a burglar or burglars got into the small general store through the front windows.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 窃贼; 破门盗窃者; 夜盗
分布：窃贼(100%)
→burg, 城堡。字母l, 缩写自larceny, 偷窃。
n.(入室行窃的)盗贼The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
【记】源于：hamburger（n 汉堡包）。夜贼一开始是因为吃不饱才进行夜间偷盗，不过只偷汉堡。
US ['bɝ:.glɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who illegally enters buildings and steals things 入室窃贼
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 夜贼，窃贼
 - cracksman

Word: intimate
Front: intimate
[ˈɪntɪmət] (研四六托雅宝 4217/5263 -2)
Vocabulary: intimate
(once / 107 pages)
1adjn 2v
Intimate means being close. A small restaurant is called intimate because you're sitting close to the other people, and your best friends are considered your intimate friends.
This adjective can mean very friendly, or very personal or private. The original spelling was intime, from French, from Latin intimus "innermost," from intus "within." The related verb intimate means to hint or suggest. Intimate is also a noun meaning a close friend or associate. And when you get intimate with someone, it can mean that you're sexually involved.
WORD FAMILY
intimate: intimacy, intimated, intimately, intimates, intimating, intimatingly, intimation +/ intimacy: intimacies/ intimation: intimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s intensely intimate – “which some might find uncomfortable” – and hyper-local.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
One week, home sick, I explored the mysterious side two. It began with “Almost Blue”: spare, intimate, melancholy, gorgeous.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
It is pioneering a model of social networking that feels more intimate and authentic than the Facebook-led ideas that now dominate the online world.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 亲密的，亲近的; 私人的，个人的; 内部的; 直接的
n. 至交; 密友
v. 暗示，提示; 宣布，通知
时态：intimated, intimating, intimates
分布：亲密的(72%)，私人的(10%)，密友(8%)，暗示(7%)，透露(2%)，关系紧密的(1%)
→来自拉丁语intus,在内部，在里面，-m,最高级后缀，词源同extreme,ultimate.引申词义亲密的。
亲密的 暗示[intim=inmost(内心的)]
a.亲密的,密切的n.熟友,熟人My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.
【记】inti里面，mate（n 配偶vt 使配对vi 成配偶）－亲密的由于密友之间有默契，所以经常有暗示的举动－暗示
【反】communicate directly（直接交流）
US [-tˌə-] verb transitive formal
■to make clear what you think or want without stating it directly 暗示，提示
• [+ (that)] She has intimated that she will resign if she loses the vote. 她已经暗示如果选举落败她将辞职。
imitate, intimate, intimidate
这是一组形近易混词。
imitate: v.模仿，仿效；复制，仿造。
 • The boy imitates his father's way of talking.   那个男孩模仿他父亲说话的样子。
intimate: a.亲密的；温馨的，舒适的。
 • We have had an intimate friendship since we were young.   我们自年轻时代起就建立了亲密的友谊。
intimidate: v.恐吓，威胁。
 • An older boy intimidated the little children when he took their lunch money.   一个年龄大一点的男孩恐吓那些小孩子，并且抢走了他们的午饭钱。
familiar, intimate, confidential, close
这组词都有“亲密的”的意思，其区别是：
familiar: 通常指因长期交往而彼此很熟悉，像自家人一样。
intimate: 语气强烈，指感情或思想融洽、相互知心，彼此关系亲密。
confidential: 指相互之间可推心置腹、彼此信赖。
close: 语气较强，指兴趣爱好相同，因而关系密切，感情深笃。
adj. 亲密的；私人的；精通的；有性关系的
 - private, close, perfect, chamber
n. 知己；至交
 - confidant, alter ego
vt. 暗示；通知；宣布
 - bill, message

Word: scoff
Front: scoff
[skɒf] (六托宝 11015/15267 -1)
Vocabulary: scoff
(once / 1010 pages)
vn
To laugh at someone with scorn is to scoff at them. People have scoffed at many great inventors, saying their products would flop because the public wouldn't be interested in things like the light bulb, the personal computer, or the pet rock.
The verb scoff is often followed by the word at ("scoff at the idea, scoff at the statement, scoff at the notion"). The verb can also mean to treat with contempt or to mock. Naysayers scoff at all kinds of theories, and grouchy old men tend to scoff for the heck of it.
WORD FAMILY
scoff: scoffed, scoffer, scoffing, scoffs+/scoffer: scoffers/scoffing: scoffings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout his campaign for president, Donald Trump painted a gloomy picture of the American economy, scoffing at employment data that he said masked the truth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
District Judge Larry Burns scoffed at the term in the plea deal — six months — saying the punishment didn’t seem “in the interest of justice.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Pruitt scoffs that 99 percent of the world’s scientists are wrong in asserting that climate change is a proven reality.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （特指对宗教的）嘲笑; 嘲弄，愚弄; 笑柄; 食品
vi. 嘲笑，嘲弄; 掠夺，攫取; 狼吞虎咽
时态：scoffed, scoffing, scoffs
分布：嘲笑(65%)，嘲弄(16%)，愚弄(7%)，狼吞虎咽(6%)，笑柄(6%)
→来自古诺斯语 skop,嘲笑，嘲讽，同古英语 scop,游吟诗人，来自 Proto-Germanic*skapiz,形成， 创作，来自 skep,砍，切，削，词源同 shape.
【记】读：死搞妇，死也要搞定一个妇女的人值得嘲笑。
US [skɑ:f] verb
LAUGH 笑
intransitive
■to laugh and speak about a person or idea in a way which shows that you think they are stupid or silly 嘲笑，讥笑
• The critics scoffed at his paintings. 批评家对他的画作嗤之以鼻。
• Years ago people would have scoffed at the idea that cars would be built by robots. 多年前，人们会嘲笑以机器人来制造汽车这种想法。
UK [skɒf] US [skɑ:f] verb
EAT 吃
transitive (US also scarf) informal
■to eat something quickly and eagerly 狼吞虎咽地吃
• I baked a huge cake this morning, and the kids scoffed the lot. 我今天早上烤了一个大蛋糕，孩子们狼吞虎咽地全吃光了。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
n. 嘲笑；愚弄；笑柄
 - joke, derision
vt. 嘲笑；嘲弄；贪婪地吃
 - guy, deride
vi. 嘲笑；嘲弄；狼吞虎咽
 - jeer at, laugh at

Word: throng
Front: throng
[θrɒŋ] (四六托雅宝 11014/14863 -1)
Vocabulary: throng
(once / 312 pages)
nv
A throng is a crowd of people or animals. On the crowded platform, the throng of passengers attempted to push their way into the already overcrowded subway car.
When used as a noun, throng means a tightly packed crowd of people or animals. As a verb, it means to push together or squeeze into an area. The science fiction movie fans thronged into the auditorium when they heard their favorite actor had entered the building. The word comes to us from the Middle English term meaning "push" or "force one's way," which is exactly what you'd have to do if you got stuck inside a throng of people.
WORD FAMILY
throng: thronged, thronging, throngs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kelly is among the throngs of artists who are playing music until it hurts.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The clergy’s stance, however, hasn’t stopped Muslims across the country from joining the throngs of Americans shopping, decorating and cooking this season.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Tourists throng the plaza in front of St. Stephen’s Cathedral, at the heart of the Austrian capital.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 人群，大群人; 众多
vt. & vi. 群集; 蜂拥而至; 挤满
时态：thronged, thronging, throngs
分布：人群(48%)，一大群(16%)，群集(15%)，挤满(14%)，大量(7%)
→来自中英语 thrang,人群，来自 Proto-Germanic*thrangwa,人群，来自 trenk,挤，压，催促， 可能来自 tere,弯，转，扭曲，词源同 turn,throw,torque.比喻用法，即拧在一起。
【记】th死，rong冗：死人冗余了－群集
【区】throne（n 王座；君主）
US [θrɑ:ŋ] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a crowd or large group of people 人群；群众
• A huge throng had gathered round the speaker. 讲者周围聚集了一大群人。
UK [θrɒŋ] US [θrɑ:ŋ] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to be or go somewhere in very large numbers （人群）蜂拥，群集
• Crowds thronged the market place. 市场里挤满了人。
• The narrow streets were thronged with summer visitors. 狭窄的街道上挤满了夏天来此的游客。
• [+ to infinitive] Thousands of people thronged to see the exhibition while it was in London. 展览在伦敦举办时，成千上万的人蜂拥而至。
people, masses, crowd, throng, mob
这些名词均有“人们，人群”之意。
people: 最普通用词，不带任何色彩，泛指不确定数量的人们。
masses: 指群众或平民，在西方国家含贬义，在我国含褒义。
crowd: 本义指一大群紧紧聚集在一起的人群，现指群众整体，由个体结合的人群或大众。
through: 与crowd含义很接近，常可换用，但侧重指向前运动的群众。
mob: 含贬义，指乌合之众、暴民。
n. 人群；众多
 - crowd, mass
vt. 群集；挤满
 - burst at the seams, be packed with
vi. 蜂拥而至；群集
 - host, pack
adj. 拥挤的
 - crowded, jammed

Word: prep
Front: prep
[prep] (18347/22956 -1)
Back: vi. 进入预备学校; 预备，准备
vt. 使预备好
n. 预备学校; 准备; 预备功课，家庭作业; 大学预科生
adj. 预备的
分布：准备(56%)，预备(29%)，预备学校(13%)，进预备学校(2%)
→缩写自preparatory school.
noun
SCHOOL WORK 功课
uncountable UK
■school work that students, especially students at private school and public school , do at home or not during school time （尤指公私立学校的）功课
• Have you got much prep tonight? 你今天晚上作业多吗？
[prep] noun
GRAMMAR 文法 abbreviation for
■ preposition
n. 预备；预习；准备功课
 - en garde, proposal for sth
vt. 使准备好；使（病人）准备接受手术
 - ready, prime

Word: weight
Front: weight
[weɪt] (中高雅 954/1056 -K4)
Vocabulary: weight
(once / 77 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
The weight of a cat on your lap might not bother you, but the weight of your 156 pound Rottweiler? Oh boy. Weight refers to the heaviness of a person or object.
In physics, weight is a precise measurement based on the force that gravity exerts on a mass. Got that? All meanings of the word weight are related to this sense of heaviness. Something that is important, like testimony at a trial or a serious conversation, can be described as having weight, even if you can't put it on a scale.
WORD FAMILY
weight: counterweight, underweight, weighted, weightless, weights, weighty +/counterweight: counterweighted, counterweights/weightless: weightlessly, weightlessness/ weighty: weightier, weightiest, weightily, weightiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Researchers photographed 210 kitchens to see whether countertop food reflects the weight of women in each home.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But the real game-changing gadget here is not on the weight room floor.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
People considering gastric bypass surgery often focus on the immediate result: an end to obesity after struggling unsuccessfully to lose weight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重量，体重; 重担，重任; 重要; [统]权，加重值，权重
vt. 加重于，使变重; 使负重，使负担或压迫; [统]使加权，附加加重值于
时态：weighted, weighting, weights
分布：重量(52%)，体重(42%)，重要(3%)，重任(2%)，使倾斜(1%)
→来自weigh,称量。
n.重量;负荷,重担;重要性,分量;砝码,秤砣My neighbor knows the height and weight of the highjacked freight.我邻居知道被劫持货船的高度和重量.
noun
HEAVINESS 重量
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■the amount that something or someone weighs 重量，分量；体重
• What weight can this lorry safely carry? 这辆货车的安全载重量是多少？
• There was a slight decrease in his weight after a week of dieting. 经过一周的节食之后，他的体重略有减轻。
 ADVANCED countable
■a piece of metal of known heaviness which can be used to measure the heaviness of other objects 砝码；秤砣
 ADVANCED countable
■any object which is heavy 重物
• Try not to lift heavy weights. 不要试图举起重物。
• I lift weights twice a week at the gym. 我每周去健身房两次练习举重。
[weɪt] noun
INFLUENCE 影响
uncountable
■respect, influence, trust or importance 重要性；影响；分量
• Her experience does give her opinions quite a bit of weight. 她的经验的确给她的观点增加了分量。
• After he was voted out of power, few people attached much weight to what he said. 他落选下台后，就没甚么人重视他所说的话了。
• Radical views don't carry much weight anymore. 激进的观点影响力不再那么大了。
[weɪt] noun
be / take a weight off your mind
■to allow you to stop worrying about a particular thing 消除烦恼；解除思想负担
• It's a great weight off my mind to know that the building is finally finished. 得知那座建筑终于完工，令我如释重负。
• It was a weight off my mind knowing that our finances were taken care of. 得知我们的资金问题已经解决，我心里顿时轻松了许多。
[weɪt] noun
take the weight off your feet / legs
■If you take the weight off your feet/legs, you sit down, especially after standing or walking for a long time （长时间站立或行走后）坐下歇歇脚，坐下喘口气
• You must be exhausted after all that shopping - why don't you take the weight off your feet! 你逛了那么长时间的街，一定累坏了——坐下歇歇脚吧！
[weɪt] verb transitive
■to fasten something heavy to something 加重量于，使变重
• Paper tablecloths need to be weighted down or they tend to blow away in the wind. 纸桌布需要有东西压着，否则会被风吹走。
n. [物] 重量，重力；负担； [计量] 砝码；重要性
 - significance, burden, stress, strain, consequence

Word: specificity
Front: specificity
[ˌspesɪˈfɪsəti] (11053/9286)
Vocabulary: specificity
(once / 50082 pages)
n
Specificity is the goal of anyone who wants to know — or give — every single detail. If your friend's story is too vague, ask for specificity when things aren't clear.
Specificity may look hard to pronounce, but if you remember that the first syllable rhymes with guess, the rest will flow easily: "spes-uh-FIS-uh-tee." Now try specificus, the Latin word at the root of specificity and the word species. Those words may not seem related — until you think about the classification of living things: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species. Species is the most specific in the hierarchy!
WORD FAMILY
specificity: specificities+/ specific: intraspecific, nonspecific, specifically, specificity, specifics, unspecific/ specifically: nonspecifically/unspecific: unspecifically
USAGE EXAMPLES
By and large, though, Black Mirror is still brilliant, above all for the way it combines fantasy with specificity.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Nationalist movements adapted it to their specificities, and so did internationalist movements, which is why one of their leaders called anti-Semitism the “socialism of fools.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
It is, instead, a music-business comedy marinated in specificity and local flavor, set in a real place with realistic people trying to get by.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 特异性，特征，种别性; 种特性
分布：特殊性(40%)，专一性(22%)，特性(22%)，特征(13%)，特效(3%)
→specific,明确的，具体的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the quality of being specific (= clear and exact) 独特性；明确性，具体性
n. [免疫] 特异性；特征；专一性
 - characteristic, salient features

Word: booze
Front: booze
[bu:z] (11048/12284 -1)
Back: n. 酒; 酒宴; 暴饮
vi. 暴饮; 痛饮
时态：boozed, boozing, boozes
分布：酒(80%)，豪饮(12%)，酒宴(8%)
→beer的变体，z音使语气更强烈。
[bu:z] informal
noun uncountable
■alcohol 酒
• The party's at Kate's on Friday night - bring some booze. 派对周五晚上在凯特家举行——带些酒来。
[bu:z] informal
noun uncountable
on the booze UK informal
■drinking a lot of alcohol 喝大量的酒，狂饮
• Every Friday night Rick would go out on the booze. 每周五晚上力克都出去大喝一趟。
[bu:z] informal
verb intransitive
■to drink alcohol 喝酒
• Have you been out boozing again? 你是不是又出去喝酒了？
n. 酒；酒宴
 - wine, liquor, drink
vi. 豪饮；痛饮
 - binge drinking, drink like a fish

Word: perennial
Front: perennial
[pəˈreniəl] (托雅宝 8869/11757 -2)
Vocabulary: perennial
(once / 1411 pages)
adjn
Perennial typically describes things that are permanent, constant, or repeated. If you fight with your parents every year over whether they really must invite your annoying cousins for Thanksgiving, you could call that a perennial conflict.
Arguing with your roommate about who cleaned the bathroom last time might be a perennial argument. There is also a perennial plant, which lasts more than two years and usually reappears each spring, because it produces flowers and seeds from the same root structure. Perennial comes from the Latin perennis, from the prefix per-, "through," plus annus, or "year." Annus is also the source of our English word annual — an annual plant lives only one year or season.
WORD FAMILY
perennial: perennially, perennials
USAGE EXAMPLES
You’re officially on to the second phase, which is about refining the roster and looking like a true perennial division title contender.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
One of the perennial questions for rock fans is which is the most important year in its history?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The perennial national title contender from Durham, N.C., is 12-1 as it enters its Atlantic Coast Conference opener at Virginia Tech on Saturday.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 终年的，长久的; 多年生的; 不断生长的; 四季不断的
n. 多年生植物; 长期存在的
分布：多年生植物(56%)，多年生的(35%)，永久的(6%)，反复出现的(3%)
→per-,整个的，-enn,年，词源同annual.原义为终年的，终年不凋的，后引申词义多年的，长久的。
全年的(per+ennial年→全年的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
终年的;长期的(per始终＋ennial年的→终年的)[ann,enn=year,表示"年,一年"]
【记】per所有，enn年，ial－一年中的所有的－永久的pe破，ren人，nial：小人活千年，破人活万年－永久的
【反】fleeting（adj 飞逝的；短暂的）
adjective
■lasting a very long time, or happening repeatedly or all the time 长期存在的；常年的；不断发生的；反覆的
• The film 'White Christmas' is a perennial favourite. 《白色圣诞》是一部经久不衰、深受欢迎的影片。
• We face the perennial problem of not having enough money. 我们长期面临资金不足的问题。
Compare annual ; biennial
[pə'ren.i.əl] noun countable
■a plant that lives for several years 多年生植物
• Roses and geraniums are perennials, flowering year after year. 玫瑰和天竺葵是多年生植物，年复一年地开花。
Compare annual
adj. [植] 多年生的；常年的；四季不断的；常在的；反复的
 - repeated, iterative

Word: campfire
Front: campfire
[ˈkæmpfaɪə(r)] (11052/33127)
Vocabulary: campfire
(once / 4891 pages)
n
A campfire is a small fire that you build when you're camping. A campfire is good for cooking food, boiling water, or warming your hands.
Most boy and girl scouts learn how to build a campfire, which is useful when you're hiking or camping overnight. A campfire is perfect for toasting hot dogs and marshmallows, heating water for hot chocolate, and for sitting nearby when you tell ghost stories after dark. It's important to make sure a campfire is completely extinguished before you leave your camp site.
WORD FAMILY
campfire: campfires
USAGE EXAMPLES
Days begin at 7 a.m. with physical conditioning and end at 8:30 p.m. with discussion around a campfire led by other combat veterans.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Shunted and scorned, the two little outcasts sweetly strike up a friendship at the campfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The proverbial campfire scene was reenacted with tales from Shakespeare retold with minimal illustration.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 营火，篝火
分布：篝火(55%)，营火(41%)，篝火晚会(4%)
US [-faɪr] noun countable
■an outside fire which is made and used by people who are staying outside or in tents 营火；篝火
n. 营火；营火会
 - bonfire

Word: fervor
Front: fervor
[ˌfɜ:və] (托宝 11027/-)
Vocabulary: fervor
(once / 1446 pages)
n
Use fervor to describe an intensity of emotion or expression. Fans of the Los Angeles Dodgers show so much fervor that they "bleed Dodger blue."
This noun comes to us from Latin fervere, meaning "to boil, glow." In the English word fervor, the suffix –or means "a condition or property of something." There is another –or suffix that means "a person or thing that does the thing expressed by the verb." A corresponding adjective is fervent; synonyms of the noun and adjective are ardor and ardent.
WORD FAMILY
fervor: fervors
USAGE EXAMPLES
He wasted no time in tackling his disease with fervor.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The city of Nimrud in northern Iraq is in pieces, victim of the Islamic State group’s fervor to erase history.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Infantino believes a 48- or 40-team tournament would increase World Cup fervor in relatively new markets - many of whom voted for him February.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 热烈，热情
分布：热诚(53%)，热心(47%)
热烈,热情(rerv+or)[ferv=boil,表示"沸,热"]
【反】apathy（n 冷漠）；zealotry（n 狂热行为）－lack of fervor
n. 热情；热烈；热心；炽热
 - passion, flame, heat, fire, warmth

Word: Taiwanese
Front: Taiwanese
['taiwɑ:'ni:z; -'ni:s] (11061/17468)
Back: n. 台湾人
adj. 台湾人的；台湾的
分布：台湾的(49%)，台湾人(43%)，台湾人的(6%)，台湾话(2%)
[ˌtaɪ.wə'ni:z] (plural Taiwanese)
adjective noun countable
■Taiwanese 台湾的／台湾人
adj. 台湾的；台湾人的
 - formosan
n. 台湾人
 - formosan

Word: veggie
Front: veggie
[ˈvedʒi] (11016/44501)
Back: n. 素食者
分布：名词(100%)
['vedʒ.i] (also veggy)
adjective UK informal
■ vegetarian
['vedʒ.i] (also veggy)
noun countable UK informal
■a vegetarian
■US and Australian English informal
■a vegetable 蔬菜
n. 素食者
 - vegetarian

Word: pitfall
Front: pitfall
[ˈpɪtfɔ:l] (宝 11022/9580 -1)
Vocabulary: pitfall
(once / 3273 pages)
n
A pitfall is a trap or difficulty you didn't see. A possible pitfall for high school seniors is not working hard after they know they've already been accepted into college.
In 1300, pitfall referred to an animal trap, such as branches laid across a deep hole offering no escape. Since the 1580s, pitfall has come to describe any hidden or unexpected difficulty, and its meaning has expanded to apply to humans. You might encounter a pitfall when trying to use a brand new computer program that's unexpectedly precise. It can even be a habit you don't want to address, like the pitfalls of snacking in front of the television every night.
WORD FAMILY
pitfall: pitfalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are still potential pitfalls, however, not least that Congress does not share an affectionate view of Mr. Putin.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Peace efforts in Syria must still survive the many potential pitfalls of the shaky alliance between Russia and Turkey.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Kingston said he’s wary of the pitfalls of too much computer time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 陷阱; 圈套; 诱惑
分布：陷阱(87%)，隐患(9%)，想不到的困难(4%)
→pit,深坑，fall,掉落。引申词义陷阱。
【记】pit坑，fall落下－让你落下的坑－陷阱
US [-fɑ:l] noun countable usually plural
■a likely mistake or problem in a situation 隐患；陷阱
• The store fell into one of the major pitfalls of small business, borrowing from suppliers by paying bills late. 那家商店犯了一个小本生意的大错，那就是从供应商那里先赊帐后付钱。
• There's a video that tells new students about pitfalls to avoid. 有一部影片告诫新生应避免犯哪些错误。
n. 陷阱，圈套；缺陷；诱惑
 - deficiency, defect, trap, web, mesh

Word: shrewd
Front: shrewd
[ʃru:d] (研六托雅宝 11036/8648 -1)
Vocabulary: shrewd
(once / 326 pages)
adj
If you are shrewd in your spending, you can make a small salary go a long way. Use the adjective shrewd to describe a person or thing that is smart or clever in a practical sort of way.
The word shrewd is from a Middle English adjective formed from the noun schrewe "an evil person, a villain." This Middle English noun is an earlier form of our modern English word shrew. So shrewd and shrew are related to each other. Shrewd doesn't usually have a disapproving or negative tone, but shrew certainly does.
WORD FAMILY
shrewd: shrewder, shrewdest, shrewdly, shrewdness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wisconsin assembly Speaker Robin Vos, who was a college roommate of Priebus’s, described him as “a shrewd operator, in the best sense of the word.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Pulis is shrewd enough to want to see if the club's owners - who did not appoint him - will back him.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s her character’s job to be the rational one, the shrewd warrior who uses logic and calm in the face of nature’s thuggishness.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 精明的，敏锐的; 奸诈的，狡猾的; 有眼光的; 精于盘算的
级别：shrewder, shrewdest
分布：精明的(73%)，敏锐的(16%)，狡猾的(11%)
→来自 shrew,鼩鼱。即像鼩鼱一样的，后词义褒义化。
a.机灵的,敏锐的;精明的He is shrewd in business.他做生意很精明.
【区】shrew（n 泼妇）
【反】foolish（adj 愚蠢的）；na?ve（adj 天真的）；humiliating（adj 羞辱性的）
[ʃru:d] approving
adjective
■having or based on a clear understanding and good judgment of a situation, resulting in an advantage 明智的；精明的
• [+ to infinitive] He was shrewd enough not to take the job when there was the possibility of getting a better one a few months later. 没有接受那份工作算他聪明，因为几个月后他有可能会得到更好的。
• She is a shrewd politician who wants to avoid offending the electorate unnecessarily. 她是一个精明的政治家，想避免不必要地得罪选民。
• It was a shrewd move to buy your house just before property prices started to rise. 在房地产价格开始攀升之前购买房子是个明智之举。
sharp, keen, acute, shrewd
这组词都有“锐利的、敏锐的、机敏的”的意思，其区别是：
sharp: 指人头脑精明、敏锐或机警。
keen: 多指对复杂艰深的事物或问题有敏锐的观察和敏捷的理解。
acute: 侧重感觉敏锐，能分辨出一般人难以觉察的细微区别。
shrewd: 指有头脑，善于判断分析，精明过人。
intelligent, bright, wise, ingenious, brilliant, clever, smart, shrewd
这组词都有“聪明的”的意思，其区别是：
intelligent: 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。
bright: 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。
wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。
ingenious: 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
brilliant: 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。
clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
smart: 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。
shrewd: 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。
adj. 精明的；狡猾的；机灵的
 - designing, knowing, clever, subtle
n. 精明（的人）；机灵（的人）
 - astuteness, smartness

Word: steep
Front: steep
[sti:p] (高研四六托雅宝 3973/3793 -K2)
Vocabulary: steep
(once / 197 pages)
1adjn 2v
Steep means sharply angled. When hiking trails lead straight up mountainsides, they've got a steep incline. Steep also means "to soak in," as in steeping a tea bag in boiling water.
You often hear steep used as an adjective to describe cliffs, hills, or even water park slides that have a perilous slope. Steep can apply to curves on a chart––you might say when someone who has a lot to learn that their learning curve is going to be steep. Steep also comes up to describe exorbitant changes in costs or spending. Everyone would love to travel more, but sometimes plane fare is too steep.
WORD FAMILY
steep: steeped, steeper, steepest, steeping, steepish, steeply, steepness, steeps+/steepness: steepnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The climb to the top appears as steep as ever.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Baldwin Street in the city of Dunedin on New Zealand's South Island is officially the world's steepest residential road.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
State highway officials say the department plans to place new signs in the area warning of the steep hills.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 陡峭的，险峻的; 过分的，夸张的; 极高的; 急剧升降的
vt. 浸泡; 使渗透或沉溺; 使浸透
vi. 在液体中浸泡
n. 泡的行为或过程; 被浸泡的状态; 浸泡液
时态：steeped, steeping, steeps
→来自古英语 steap,高耸的，深的，突出的，来自 Proto-Germanic*staupaz,高的，深的，来自 steup,扩大形式自 steu,推，击，打，刺，词源同 stoop,study,type.引申词义陡峭的，急剧 的等。
a.陡峭的;险峻的;急剧升降的vt.浸泡,沉浸After a deep sleep, the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep.酣睡之后,哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊.
【记】从steep的悬崖上跳到下面的深谭中就steep了。
【参】steeple（n 尖塔）
【反】parch（v 烘干）
adjective
NOT GRADUAL 不平缓的
 IMPROVER
■(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle （斜坡）陡的，陡峭的
• a steep slope 陡坡
• It's a steep climb to the top of the mountain, but the view is worth it. 爬上山顶的路非常陡，不过风景非常好，值得一爬。
• The castle is set on a steep hill/hillside. 城堡坐落在陡峭的山／山坡上。
 IMPROVER
■A steep rise or fall is one which goes very quickly from low to high or from high to low （上升或下降）急剧的，大起大落的
• There has been a steep increase/rise in prices. 物价飞涨。
[sti:p] adjective
TOO MUCH 太多 informal
■(especially of prices) too much, or more than is reasonable （尤指价格）过高的，高得离谱的
• They are having to face very steep taxes. 他们得面对非常高的税金。
• We enjoyed our meal at the restaurant, but the bill was a bit steep. 我们喜欢这家餐厅的东西，但价格高得有点离谱了。
• The membership fees at the golf club are pretty steep. 高尔夫球俱乐部的会费相当高。
[sti:p] verb intransitive or transitive
■to cause to stay in a liquid, especially in order to become soft or clean, or to improve flavour （尤指为软化、清洁或入味儿）浸，浸泡
• Leave the cloth to steep in the dye overnight. 把布放进染料里浸一夜。
• We had pears steeped in red wine for dessert. 我们的餐后甜品是红酒浸梨。
[sti:p] verb intransitive or transitive
steeped in blood literary
■describes a place where many people have died in a violent way, or a person responsible for the deaths of many people （地方）浸满鲜血的；（人）双手沾满鲜血的
• The castle's history is steeped in blood. 这个城堡的历史浸满鲜血。
[sti:p] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] steep sth/sb in sth
■If something or someone is steeped in something, they are completely surrounded by or involved in it, or they know a lot about it 使沉浸于；使深深浸入；使精通
• The college is steeped in history/tradition. 这所学院有着浓厚的历史／传统气息。
• These ancient scholars were steeped in poetry and painting, as well as maths and astronomy. 这些古代学者精通诗歌和绘画，同时对数学和天文学也深有研究。
steep, abrupt, sheer
这些形容词均含“陡峭的，险峻的”之意。
steep: 指坡度向上逐渐增加的斜陡坡，强调险峻，暗示难于攀登。
abrupt: 着重指地形突然起伏，形成尖角状。
sheer: 指自始至终近于垂直的陡峭，不仅仅很难爬上去，甚至于不可能攀登。
adj. 陡峭的；不合理的；夸大的；急剧升降的
 - tall, unreasonable
vt. 泡；浸；使…充满
 - dip, dunk
n. 峭壁；浸渍
 - crag, krantz

Word: abduction
Front: abduction
[æb'dʌkʃn] (11033/12832)
Vocabulary: abduction
(once / 3816 pages)
1n 2n
If you're the victim of an abduction, you've been carried away against your will — kidnapped. The word comes from Latin ab "away" + ducere "lead." Abduction is also when you move your arm or leg away from your midline.
"The Abduction from the Seraglio" is the English title of a famous Mozart opera, in which a nobleman tries to rescue his betrothed, who has been captured — abducted — by pirates and sold into a pasha's harem, or seraglio. At the end of the opera, the pasha is overwhelmed with mercy and frees everyone and sends them home. So there really isn’t an abduction from the seraglio; the pasha lets everybody go.
WORD FAMILY
abduction: abductions+/ abduct: abducted, abducting, abduction, abductor, abducts/abductor: abductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starting Sunday, the emergency response system that disseminates information about missing children will only be used for child abductions.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Some of the wilder theories floating around suggest the entire abduction was a hoax, perhaps to spread scare stories about the local Latino community.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
They were arrested on an abduction charge and then released after they produced proof of their marriage.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 绑架，拐骗，劫持; <生理>外展; <律>诱拐罪; <逻>不明推论式
分布：诱拐(100%)
VERB
诱拐；劫持；绑架
If someone is abducted by another person, he or she is taken away illegally, usually using force.
例：His car was held up and he was abducted by four gunmen...他的车遭遇拦劫，随后他被4名持枪歹徒劫持。
例：She was charged with abducting a six-month-old child.她被控诱拐一个6个月大的孩子。
n. 诱拐，绑架；诱导
 - manstealing, kidnapping

Word: overlapping
Front: overlapping
[əʊvə'læpɪŋ] (托 11055/11639)
Vocabulary: overlapping
(once / 4591 pages)
n
If you have two pieces of something, and one is covering a part of another, then they're overlapping.
Remember learning about Venn Diagrams in math class? You know, the two circles drawn overlapping each other, so that there's a space in the middle that they share. No? Well for you non-mathletes, overlapping can be just as simple. Two cookies stacked partially on top of each other are overlapping. And two lives that intersect at a certain point in time? They're overlapping, too.
WORD FAMILY
overlapping: overlappings+/ overlap: overlapped, overlapping, overlaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Overlapping federal and local jurisdictions cause much of the problem.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Despite reforms under the previous government, Myanmar's land laws are piecemeal and contain overlapping provisions.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
This combines the 18 percent who get news often from social media with an overlapping 28 percent who get it often from "news websites/apps."
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 重叠，搭接
v. 部分重叠( overlap的现在分词 ); （物体）部份重叠; 交叠; （时间上）部份重叠
分布：相互重叠的(80%)，动词overlap的现在分词.(20%)
V-RECIP-ERG
与…互搭；与…复叠；（使）相叠
If one thing overlaps another, or if you overlap them, a part of the first thing occupies the same area as a part of the other thing. You can also say that two things overlap .
例：When the bag is folded flat, the bag bottom overlaps one side of the bag...袋子平整折起后，底面与一侧交叠。
例：Overlap the slices carefully so there are no gaps...将切片小心翼翼地搭好，中间不留任何空隙。
V-RECIP
（在主题、人物、时间等上）（与…）部分相同，（与…）部分交叉
If one idea or activity overlaps another, or overlaps with another, they involve some of the same subjects, people, or periods of time.
例：Elizabeth met other Oxford intellectuals some of whom overlapped Naomi's world...伊丽莎白结识了其他一些牛津大学的学者，其中有几位娜奥米也认识。
例：Christian holy week overlaps with the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover...基督教的圣周与犹太教逾越节的头几天重叠。

Word: revolutionize
Front: revolutionize
[ˌrevəˈlu:ʃənaɪz] (托 11024/20948 -1)
Vocabulary: revolutionize
(once / 3596 pages)
v
Revolutionize, a verb, means "to make a major change," like in the 1990s, when the Internet revolutionized how people communicated, got information and even did their jobs. Things were never the same again.
Use revolutionize to describe something that is completely transformed. Originally, it meant "to bring about sweeping political change," like people who band together and fight to revolutionize a nation, with the end result being a new party in power or new philosophies about things like land ownership or tax collection put in place. In time, it also came to mean even nonpolitical change, like the digital music player, which revolutionized how people get and listen to music.
WORD FAMILY
revolutionize: revolutionized, revolutionizes, revolutionizing+/counterrevolution: counterrevolutionary, counterrevolutionist, counterrevolutions/counterrevolutionary: counterrevolutionaries/ revolt: revolted, revolting, revolts, revolution / revolting: revoltingly/ revolution: counterrevolution, revolutionary, revolutionise, revolutionism, revolutionize, revolutions/ revolutionary: revolutionaries, revolutionarily/revolutionise: revolutionised, revolutionises, revolutionising/revolutionism: revolutionisms, revolutionist / revolutionist: revolutionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I don’t believe tape will revolutionize the TV industry,” declared ABC’s chief engineer.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
One wonders if Star Shower, like the iPhone, will revolutionize and disrupt an entire industry — in this case, the Christmas industrial complex.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The new identity announced Tuesday marks another step in an effort to revolutionize the way people get around.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 发动革命; 彻底改革; 使革命化
vi. 革命化; 引起革命
时态：revolutionized, revolutionizing, revolutionizes
分布：使革命化(62%)，彻底变革(38%)
(UK usually revolutionise) [ˌrev.ə'lu:.ʃən.aɪz] verb transitive
■to completely change something so that it is much better 使发生革命性剧变；在…方面引起突破性变革
• Newton's discoveries revolutionized physics. 牛顿的发现使物理学发生了革命性剧变。

Word: subtlety
Front: subtlety
[ˈsʌtlti] (11040/9870 -1)
Vocabulary: subtlety
(once / 1386 pages)
n
Subtlety is the quality of being understated, delicate, or nuanced. You can really appreciate the subtlety of your gothic friend's art if you can distinguish among many different shades of black.
The Latin root of subtle and subtlety originally meant "finely woven" and was used to describe fabric. The subtlety of an argument is in the fine weave of the words and thoughts that it is made up of. When translating, you often lose the subtleties of the original language, the interlacing of word, idea and connotation. When you're trying to persuade your parents of something, subtlety might get you further than outright demands.
WORD FAMILY
subtlety: subtleties+/subtilise: subtilised, subtilises, subtilising/subtilize: subtilized, subtilizes, subtilizing/ subtle: subtilise, subtilize, subtlely, subtler, subtlest, subtlety, subtly, unsubtle/unsubtle: unsubtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They were very complicated people full of paradoxes and subtleties,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
No subtlety or pussyfooting around here; we soon learn that the mother is fatally ill and in the midst of a drawn-out death.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It is a nuanced looked into the life of one of rap’s most exceptional writers, balancing joy and despair with a poet’s subtlety.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 精妙，巧妙; 敏锐，敏感; 狡猾，阴险; 细微的差别等
分布：微妙(64%)，敏锐(23%)，狡猾(13%)
→subtle,微妙的，巧妙的，敏锐的，-ty,名词后缀。
微妙,狡猾(subtle微妙的;狡猾的)[-ety表名词"状态"]
【记】源于：subtle（adj 微妙的）
US ['sʌtˌ.l.tˌi] approving
noun
uncountable
■the quality of being subtle 微妙；巧妙；隐约难辨；隐晦
• Listening to the interview, I was impressed by the subtlety of the questions. 听了采访之后，提问之巧妙给我留下了深刻印象。
countable
■a small but important detail 精妙之处，微妙之处
• All the subtleties of the music are conveyed in this new recording. 新的录音把乐曲中的细微之处表现得淋漓尽致。
n. 微妙；敏锐；精明
 - delicacy, acuity

Word: clerical
Front: clerical
[ˈklerɪkl] (11054/5991 -1)
Vocabulary: clerical
(once / 1145 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anything related to office work is called clerical, especially the more menial and boring jobs such as filing and administration. You might say "The Office" is a clerical comedy.
In older times clerical had an additional common meaning of referring to anything to do with the clergy — those ordained for religious work, usually in the Christian faith. Clerical comes from the old Latin term clericus, meaning a "churchman," from which cleric later came, meaning a priest or religious leader. To have "a clerical air" means to be clearly identifiable either as an ink-stained office wretch or a member of the cloth.
WORD FAMILY
clerical: clericalism, clerically+/clericalism: clericalisms, clericalist/clericalist: clericalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the days that followed, Galarza called his lawyer, who told him the felony on his record was likely the result of a clerical error.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The resort insisted this was due to a clerical error.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Prosecutors said that showed he learned of the clerical error while in prison, and feared further court action would call attention to the clerk’s mistake.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 文书或办事员的; 教士的，牧师的; 教权主义的
n. 牧师，教士; 牧师服，教士服
分布：牧师(72%)，书记的(14%)，事务上的(7%)，抄写员的(7%)
adjective
OFFICE WORK 办公室工作的
■relating to work done in an office 办公室工作的；办事员工作的；文书工作的
• a clerical job (= a job performing general office duties). 文书工作
• a clerical error (= a mistake made in the office) （办公时的）笔误
['kler.ɪ.kəl] adjective
PRIEST 牧师
■relating to a priest or priests 牧师的，神职人员的
• clerical ministry 牧师职务
adj. 书记的；牧师的；办事员的
 - secretarial, ministerial
n. 牧师
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: ooze
Front: ooze
[u:z] (托宝 11056/11640 -1)
Vocabulary: ooze
(once / 1454 pages)
vn
The beauty of the word ooze is not only that it's both a noun and a verb but also that the word sounds like what it means. The ooze on the bottom of the pond oozed between your toes.
When something oozes, it seeps out slowly in an unappetizing way. Cheese sauce oozes out of the container. Sludge oozes out of a treatment plant. Cream oozes out of a tube. Whatever is oozing is referred to as ooze. After an oil spill, a cleanup crew has to clean up the ooze that collects on the shore. It can also be used to describe someone's behavior if it's especially awful. A person who is really bad, for example, can be said to ooze evil.
WORD FAMILY
ooze: oozed, oozes, oozing, oozy+/oozing: oozings/oozy: oozier, oozily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The play oozed with flair as the Wizards separated themselves early from an inferior opponent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The officer overseeing the move looked at the oozing bag with disgust.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Micah was once like some of the kids he’s now mentoring, a young baseball player from Gainesville oozing with talent.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 渗出; 慢慢地消失或减退; 慢而稳地进步; 出众
vt. 使液体缓缓流出; （秘密等）泄漏; 溜走; 充分地表露或散发
n. 软泥; 渗出物; 鞣皮用的浸液
时态：oozed, oozing, oozes
分布：软泥(38%)，泄漏(30%)，流露(23%)，渗出物(9%)
→来自古英语wase,软泥，泥沼，来自Proto-Germanic*waison,来自weis,黏滑，流出，词源同virus,viscid,viscous.
【记】读：物资，一种可以慢慢消耗的东西。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to flow slowly out of something through a small opening, or to slowly produce a thick sticky liquid 渗出；冒出；分泌出
• Blood was still oozing out of the wound. 伤口还在往外渗血。
• She removed the bandage to reveal a red swollen wound oozing pus. 她解下绷带，露出红肿渗脓的伤口。
• The waiter brought her a massive pizza oozing (with)cheese. 侍者给她端来一大块淌着起司的薄饼。
• figurative He oozes (= has a lot of) charm/confidence. 他魅力／信心十足。
[u:z] noun uncountable
■a thick brown liquid made of earth and water, found at the bottom of a river or lake （河或湖底的）淤泥，软泥，烂泥
• Many millions of years ago, our ancestors climbed out of the primeval ooze onto dry land. 很久很久以前，我们的祖先从远古时代的泥淖登上了干燥的陆地。
vt. 渗出；泄漏
 - leak out, uncork
vi. 渗出；泄漏
 - leak out, seep
n. [地质] 软泥
 - slud

Word: mommy
Front: mommy
[ˈmɒmi] (9690/47154)
Back: n. <儿>妈咪
分布：妈咪(100%)
→来自mamma昵称。
US ['mɑ:.mi] noun countable
 IMPROVER US informal for
■ mummy (MOTHER)
n. 妈咪
 - mammy

Word: cavern
Front: cavern
[ˈkævən] (托宝 11041/12350 -1)
Vocabulary: cavern
(once / 494 pages)
nv
A cavern is a large cave or a large chamber in a cave. Or, if your bedroom is very dark, your mother might want you to open the blinds and let some light into that cavern.
The word cavern is a late Middle English word that comes from the Latin root cavus, meaning “hollow.” Cavern typically describes a cave, but it can refer to any large enclosed space, especially a space that's dark like a cave. You might sit in a vast cavern when you go to the opera. Cavern can also be used figuratively — you could explore the dark cavern of your mind.
WORD FAMILY
cavern: caverned, caverning, cavernous, caverns+/ cavernous: cavernously
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few years earlier, they were our warm-up band, when we headlined the Cavern in Liverpool.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Cut into the walls of one cavern are hundreds of small, rectangular niches where ancient residents once raised pigeons for meat, eggs and ritual sacrifice.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
The Beatles Story also features a recreation of how Liverpool’s Cavern Club looked when the lads firsts started making their wonderful noise.
Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 大山洞; 凹处
v. 挖空; 置…于山洞中
时态：caverned, caverning, caverns
分布：大洞穴(64%)，挖空(27%)，置于洞穴中(9%)
大洞[cav=hole,表示"洞"]
洞穴(cave洞)[-ern 1.表形容词"…方向的"2.表名词"…场所"]
【记】cave（n 洞）
【参】cavity （n 身体上、牙齿等的洞、腔）
US [-ɚn] noun countable
■a large cave 大洞穴；大山洞
n. [地质] 洞穴；凹处
 - recession, cavity, hole
vt. 挖空；置…于洞穴中
 - hollow out

Word: prerequisite
Front: prerequisite
[ˌpri:ˈrekwəzɪt] (六托宝 11079/10265 -1)
Vocabulary: prerequisite
(once / 9278 pages)
nadj
A prerequisite is a required prior condition. If something is required in advance of something else, like if you have to take a beginning Spanish class before signing up for Spanish II, then it’s a prerequisite.
Add pre meaning "before" to require and you have something that's "required before." (That's helpful when trying to spell prerequisite!) Prerequisites to be able to graduate from college can seem like a pain, but most schools offer some fun ways to fulfill them. For example, you can often meet the physical education prerequisite by taking bowling. Prerequisites aren't just for school: “The most called-upon prerequisite of a friend is an accessible ear,” said Maya Angelou, the American poet.
WORD FAMILY
prerequisite: prerequisites+/ requisite: prerequisite, requisiteness, requisites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here, then, are the prerequisites of the presidency.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s an art all its own, of course, an interpretative one, and writing the screenplay is clearly not a prerequisite for directing the film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Providing commentary on the state of today’s politics and culture is not a prerequisite for Kerr’s job.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 先决条件，前提，必要条件
adj. 必须先具备的，必要的; 先决条件的
分布：前提(66%)，先决条件(32%)，必备的(1%)，作为前提的(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，requisite,要求。
先决条件(pre预先+requisite必需品→先决条件)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
【记】pre前，requisite要求－提前的要求－先决条件
[ˌpri:'rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
noun countable
■something which must exist or happen before something else can exist or happen 先决条件，前提，必备条件
• Passing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course. 通过笔试是学习进阶课程的前提。
• Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project. 大众支持是这一计划取得成功的必备条件。
• They had to agree to certain conditions as a prerequisite of being lent the money. 他们不得不同意一些条件才能借到钱。
n. 先决条件
 - prior condition, pre-condition

Word: hem
Front: hem
[hem] (托宝 11030/12670 -1)
Vocabulary: hem
(once / 654 pages)
1nv 2nv
When kids grow taller, their parents sometimes have to let out the hem in their pants so they'll be long enough. The hem is the very bottom, folded edge of a piece of clothing.
Most of your clothes have at least one hem in them — at the ends of your sleeves, the bottom of your skirt, or along the edge of your t-shirt. When a person sews a hem, whether he's making a dress or a pair of curtains, he folds a very small amount of fabric under two or three times and stitches along the edge in a straight line. In Old English, the word hem means "a border."
WORD FAMILY
hem: hemmed, hemming, hems
USAGE EXAMPLES
A quick glance at catwalk signs for 2017 shows that the hems of women's skirts will be falling - to just below the knee.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After some hemming and hawing that involved five publicists — welcome to Hollywood — the Stallone family declined my requests for interviews.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her fingers moved quickly, deftly, as though she were pinning a hem.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （布等的）褶边; 用以引起注意的哼声
vt. 缝…的褶边; 包围
时态：hemmed, hemming, hems
分布：褶边(58%)，缝边(20%)，包围(17%)，约束(5%)
→来自kem,压进，压缩，引申词义褶边，卷边。
noun countable
■the edge of a piece of cloth, such as the bottom edge of a skirt or dress, which is folded over and sewn so that it does not develop loose threads （衣服等的）褶边，边
• I took the hem up/let the hem down. 我把褶边改短／放长。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to sew a hem on a piece of clothing or cloth 给…缝褶边
• I need to hem those curtains. 我得给那些窗帘缝上褶边。
[hem] verb transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hem sb in
■to surround someone and prevent them from moving or doing what they want to do 包围，限制（某人）
• When they reached Oxford Circus, the demonstrators were hemmed in by the police. 当他们到达牛津广场时，示威群众已被警方包围起来。
n. 边，边缘；摺边
 - margin, rim
vt. 包围；给...缝边
 - case, invest

Word: prowess
Front: prowess
[ˈpraʊəs] (宝 11047/11253 -1)
Vocabulary: prowess
(once / 1067 pages)
n
Prowess means exceptional skill or ability. Your sailing prowess might save your life in a storm, while someone with less experience might make mistakes.
An earlier meaning of this word is exceptional bravery in battle, or a specific act of bravery. Prowess is from Middle English, from Old French proece, proesse, from prou, prud "good, capable, brave." The related English word proud has the now obsolete meaning of brave.
WORD FAMILY
prowess: prowesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Samsung, the icon of South Korean technological prowess, suffered global humiliation with its recent recall of exploding Galaxy Note 7 smartphones.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They are the most effective American partner against the Islamic State in Syria, providing logistics and fierce fighting prowess.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
When we learn to unitask, to think more in line with Holmes’s detached approach, we may be doing more than increasing our observational prowess.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: n. 英勇; 高超技艺
分布：英勇(84%)，非凡的能力(16%)
→来自prow,勇敢的，-ess,名词后缀。引申词义非凡的技能，造诣。
【记】源于：power（n 能力；力量）
【反】timidity（n 胆怯）
['praʊ.es] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■great ability or skill 杰出的才能；高超的技能
• athletic/sporting prowess 高超的运动／体育技能
• He's always boasting about his sexual prowess. 他总是吹嘘自己的性爱技巧如何高超。
n. 英勇；超凡技术；勇猛
 - valor, heroism

Word: involuntary
Front: involuntary
[ɪnˈvɒləntri] (托宝 11042/9830 -1)
Vocabulary: involuntary
(once / 444 pages)
adj
Involuntary describes a reflex or action done without conscious control or will — like a blink, a sneeze, a yawn, or “the giggles.”
If you volunteered to do it, it’s voluntary. If you didn’t volunteer, but you find yourself doing it anyway, it’s involuntary. This can go for the involuntary hiccups you wrestle with on your blind date, as well as the involuntary task you do at your manager’s insistence. Involuntary gets a lot of blame, but something that is involuntary is not necessarily bad: Breathing is involuntary, but you would probably do it anyway if given the choice.
WORD FAMILY
involuntary: involuntarily, involuntariness+/nonvoluntary: nonvoluntarily/ voluntary: involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary, voluntaries, voluntarily, voluntaryly/ volunteer: voluntary, volunteered, volunteering, volunteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bryant was charged with involuntary manslaughter and child neglect and is in Moore County jail awaiting trial.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Bryant was charged with involuntary manslaughter and child neglect and is in Moore County jail awaiting trial.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police said in a release that Parish Huntley was charged Tuesday with involuntary manslaughter and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意识做出的，非故意的; 非自愿的，不随意的; 不由自主的
分布：非自愿的(58%)，不由自主的(22%)，无意的(20%)
→in-,不，非，voluntary,自愿的。
【记】voluntary（adj 自愿的；故意的；志愿的）
US [-'vɑ:.lən.ter.i] adjective
■not done by choice; done unwillingly, or without the decision or intention of the person involved 非自愿的；不由自主的，无意识的
• A sharp tap on the knee usually causes an involuntary movement of the lower leg. 突然轻轻敲一下膝盖，小腿通常会不由自主地动一下。
adj. 无意识的；自然而然的；不知不觉的
 - mechanical, automatic, unconscious, spontaneous

Word: dugout
Front: dugout
[ˈdʌgaʊt] (11071/27046)
Vocabulary: dugout
(once / 2389 pages)
1n 2n 3n
In baseball, a dugout is the area reserved for one team to sit while players wait for their turn at bat. Each team has its own dugout.
A dugout is typically a low structure with a roof that's open at the front so the players can see the baseball field. One team's dugout is in the foul zone between third base and home plate, and the other's is between first base and home plate. Baseball dugouts are named for the original dugouts, temporary military trenches where troops shelter during battle. A boat made from a hollowed out log is another kind of dugout.
WORD FAMILY
dugout: dugouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hi, my name is Houston Mitchell, and welcome to another edition of Dodgers Dugout.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Renovations to the field will include dugouts with protective fencing and benches, perimeter fencing, bleachers, a backstop, a scoreboard and field signs.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
“It was just typical stuff,” he said of his dugout talk.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 独木舟; 掩护部，防空洞
分布：独木舟(67%)，防空洞(25%)，替补席(8%)
noun countable
SHELTER 掩护
■a shelter, usually for soldiers, made by digging a hole in the ground and covering it （通常为士兵用的）防空洞，地下掩体
■a shelter for the members of a team at the side of a sports field （运动场边的）队员座席
['dʌg.aʊt] noun countable
BOAT 船 (also dugout canoe)
■a small light boat made by cutting out the middle of a tree trunk 独木舟
n. 独木舟；防空壕；棒球场边供球员休息的地方
 - pirogue, piragua

Word: steaming
Front: steaming
[ˈsti:mɪŋ] (11063/12722)
Back: adj. 冒热气的
adv. 热气腾腾地
n. 蒸热; 通入蒸汽; 蒸汽加工; 汽蒸
v. 冒蒸汽( steam的现在分词 ); 快速行走，疾行; （靠蒸汽）行驶; 蒸煮
分布：名词(100%)
adjective
■producing steam 冒蒸汽的；冒水汽的
• a steaming bowl of soup 一碗热气腾腾的汤
v. 汽蒸；通入蒸汽（steam的ing形式）
 - decatizing

Word: antisocial
Front: antisocial
[ˌæntiˈsəʊʃl] (六 11089/24620 -1)
Vocabulary: antisocial
(once / 20773 pages)
adj
When someone is antisocial, they're either rude and unmannered or they avoid other people. Either way, they're not the life of the party.
This is a word that describes people and behaviors that are not very welcoming to others. Yelling, swearing, pushing, and generally being a jerk are all antisocial behaviors. Being a hermit and avoiding contact with other people is antisocial, too. Though this is a negative word, it's not entirely bad. We all need to get away from others once in awhile, and people who seem antisocial may just need a little space.
WORD FAMILY
social: antisocial, nonsocial, sociable, socialise, socialism, sociality, socialize, socially, socials, unsocial+/sociability: sociabilities/ sociable: sociability, sociableness, sociables, sociably, unsociable/socialise: socialisation, socialised, socialiser, socialising/ socialism: socialisms, socialist, socialistic/ socialist: socialists/socialistic: socialistically/sociality: socialities/ socialization: socializations/ socialize: socialization, socialized, socializer, socializes, socializing/socializer: socializers/unsociable: unsociability, unsociableness, unsociably/unsocial: unsocially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three people were arrested over “antisocial behavior,” according to the police.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Scientists are helping to stop antisocial behaviour in the world's most popular online game.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
The students’ antisocial behavior, casual racism, penchant for violence and, worst of all, self-hatred horrify the new teacher, whose colleagues expect little of the pupils.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 反社会的; 危害社会安宁的; 违反公益的; 不喜欢社交的
分布：反社会的(76%)，不擅社交的(16%)，非社交的(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
不爱交际的；孤僻的；不合群的
Someone who is anti-social is unwilling to meet and be friendly with other people.
例：...teenagers who will become aggressive and anti-social.将会变得好斗、孤僻的青少年一代
ADJ-GRADED
（行为）反社会的，危害社会的，令人讨厌的
Anti-social behaviour is annoying or upsetting to other people.
例：Playing these games can lead to anti-social behaviour.玩这类游戏会引发反社会行为。
adj. 反社会的；扰乱社会的；不爱交际的
 - sociopathic, dissocial

Word: astonished
Front: astonished
[əˈstɒnɪʃt] (托 11076/7595 -1)
Vocabulary: astonished
(once / 231 pages)
adj
If you are astonished, you're feeling the emotional punch of a huge surprise. If you've lived in the city your whole life, the first night you spend in the desert staring at billions of stars will leave you astonished.
Astonished is the adjective form of the verb astonish, which comes from old Anglo-Norman for a blow to the head. We use it now for much more positive feelings, when we are stunned by awe and admiration, and not stunned from being hit in the head with a bat! Synonyms are amazed and astounded.
WORD FAMILY
astonished: astonishedly+/ astonish: astonished, astonishes, astonishing, astonishment / astonishing: astonishingly / astonishment: astonishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then, that November, she suffered perhaps the most spectacular upset in a professional fight since Buster Douglas astonished Mike Tyson.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
He received the title of Court Composer from the Elector of Saxony and, on a visit to Berlin, astonished Frederick the Great with his improvisations.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The man’s answer—an astonished no—was delivered in a tone that suggested Rauws was the one with a pressing need for psychological help.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: v. 使惊讶，使大为吃惊(astonish的过去式和过去分词)
adj. 吃惊的
分布：惊讶的(92%)，动词astonish的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
US [-'stɑ:.nɪʃt] adjective
 ADVANCED
■very surprised 感到震惊的；觉得惊骇的
• [+ to infinitive] I was astonished to see Miriam there. 我很吃惊地发现米里亚姆竟然在那里。
• They looked astonished when I announced I was pregnant. 我宣布我怀孕的消息时，他们看上去很吃惊。
• The doctors were astonished at the speed of her recovery. 她康复速度之快令医生们感到惊讶。
adj. 吃惊的
 - amazed, aghast

Word: spearhead
Front: spearhead
[ˈspɪəhed] (11058/12160 -1)
Back: n. 先锋，前锋; 先头部队; 矛头; 枪尖
vt. 当…的先锋; 带头
时态：spearheaded, spearheading, spearheads
分布：做先锋(36%)，攻击的最前线(16%)，突击队的先遣队(16%)，在前面带头做先锋(16%)，矛尖(16%)
US ['spɪr-] verb transitive
■to lead something such as an attack or a course of action 领导（攻击、行动等）；充当…的先锋；带头做
• British troops spearheaded the invasion. 英军充当开路先锋。
• Joe Walker will be spearheading our new marketing initiative. 乔‧沃克将会负责推行我们新的行销计划。
UK ['spɪə.hed] US ['spɪr-] noun countable usually singular
■a person or group that leads something such as an attack or a course of action 先锋；先头部队（一个人或一组人，领导此类攻击或行动过程）
• American troops formed the spearhead of the attack. 美军是进攻的先头部队。
n. 矛头；先锋；先锋部队
 - vanguard, pioneer
vt. 带头；做先锋
 - take a lead, tape head

Word: padded
Front: padded
['pædɪd] (11085/10184)
Vocabulary: padded
(once / 2926 pages)
adj
Padded things are stuffed with something soft for protection or comfort. A padded envelope keeps the contents safe, and a padded seat cushion keeps your bottom comfortable.
A padded bench is more comfortable to sit on than a wooden bench that's not padded, and a padded boxing glove protects a fighter's fingers. You can also use this adjective to mean "filled out or increased artificially," like when a recent graduate brings a padded resume to a job interview or a saleswoman submits a padded expense report after her business trip.
WORD FAMILY
pad: padded, padding, pads+/ padding: paddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 2015 the company replaced its top management after acknowledging that it padded its financial results for years.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Others described cadres being whisked away without warning to hotel rooms with padded floors and windows modified to prevent suicides.
Seattle Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Authorities said Alden received the padded envelope the night before he opened it inside his apartment.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （服装）有衬里的，带衬垫的
v. 给…装衬垫，加垫子( pad的过去式和过去分词 ); 步行，放轻脚步走
分布：填充的(47%)，有装填垫料的(40%)，动词pad的过去式和过去分词.(13%)
adjective
■containing a layer of soft material used for protection or to give shape 有填充物的，有衬垫的
• It's a short jacket with padded shoulders. 这是一件带垫肩的短夹克。
• a padded bra (= one with extra layers of material in it to make the breasts seem bigger) 有衬垫的胸罩

Word: hamstring
Front: hamstring
[ˈhæmstrɪŋ] (宝 11057/17508 -1)
Back: n. 腿筋
vt. 割断…的腿筋
时态：hamstrung, hamstringing, hamstrings
分布：腿筋(83%)，切断腿筋使成跛腿(7%)，使无效(7%)，减弱活动能力(3%)
→ham,膝弯，string,弦。引申词义肌腱。
【记】ham＝harm（v 伤害），string绳子，腿腱：使残废，使无效
verb transitive often passive (hamstrung, hamstrung)
■to limit the amount of something that can be done or the ability or power of someone to do something 使受限制；使难有作为
• The company was hamstrung by traditional but inefficient ways of conducting business. 这家公司被其传统但低效率的经营方式所束缚。
['hæm.strɪŋ] noun countable
■any of five tendons (= bands of tissue connecting muscles to bones) at the back of the knee 腘绳肌腱
• He pulled (= injured) a hamstring while playing rugby. 他在打橄榄球时拉伤了一条腘绳肌腱。
vt. 切断腿筋使成跛腿；使残废
 - disable, maim

Word: Argentine
Front: Argentine
[ˈɑ:dʒəntain] (11059/17015)
Back: n. 阿根廷人；银
adj. 阿根廷的；银的
分布：阿根廷人(71%)，银(17%)，银的(12%)
ADJ
同Argentin-ian
Argentine means the same as Argentinian .
例：...Argentine agricultural products.阿根廷的农产品

Word: fair
Front: fair
[feə(r)] (中高研四六托 1484/1150 -K4)
Vocabulary: fair
(once / 26 pages)
1adjadv 2adj 3adj 4adj 5adj 6n 7v
When used as a noun, fair refers to a traveling show with games, rides, and farmers showing off their prized pigs, similar to a carnival. As an adjective, it gets a bit trickier.
The adjective fair, has several different meanings. If someone says, "That's not fair!” they mean whatever happened wasn't just or done in an unbiased way. If you have fair skin, you have a pale complexion. If the weather is fair, it's a gorgeous day out. If the rides at the fair were fair, then they were just so-so. And watch out if the umpire shouts "fair ball!" during the baseball game — that means it was hit within the foul lines.
WORD FAMILY
fair: faired, fairer, fairest, fairing, fairish, fairly, fairness, fairs, unfair+/fairish: fairishly/unfair: unfairer, unfairest, unfairly, unfairness/unfairness: unfairnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Taylor said it’s “fair to say” the decision indicates a loss of confidence in him.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He said Hong Kong’s judges would deal with it “in a fair, just and professional manner”.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Insurer demands in Minnesota and Iowa raise fair questions about whether promised savings and value for taxpayers and enrollees are being realized.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 公平的; 合理的; 晴朗的; 美丽的
adv. 公平地; 直接地; 清楚地; 正大光明地
n. 集市，庙会; 商品交易会，展览会; 美人，美丽的事物
vt. （卡通制作）顺利接合; （动作）衔接协调; （飞机）装配平整; 使（飞机接合部）平滑
vi. 转晴
时态：faired, fairing, fairs
分布：公平的(71%)，展览会(15%)，晴朗的(9%)，市集(5%)
→缩写自古英语faeger, 美丽的，漂亮的，来自pek, 使美丽，漂亮。词义由美丽引申为公平，公正。比较very, 原义为真实的，even, 原义为平的。fair 集市，庙会
a.公平的,合理的;相当的n.集市,交易会I met a fairly unfair affair upstairs.我在楼上遇到一件颇不公平的事.
US [fer] adjective
RIGHT 正当的
 ESSENTIAL
■treating someone in a way that is right or reasonable, or treating a group of people equally and not allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment 合理的；公平的；公正的；平等待人的
• a fair trial 公正的审讯
• Why should I have to do all the cleaning? It's not fair! 为甚么我要做所有的打扫工作？这不公平！
• It's not fair on Joe (= It is not right) to make him do all the work! 所有的工作都由乔做，这对他不公平！
• It's not fair that she's allowed to go and I'm not! 允许她去，却不许我去，这不公平！
• It's not fair to blame me for everything! 把一切都怪在我头上，这不公平！
• She's scrupulously fair with all her employees (= she treats them all equally). 她对所有的员工都一视同仁。
• She claims her article was a fair comment on (= a reasonable thing to say about) a matter of public interest. 她声称她的文章是对公众利益问题提出的公正合理的意见。
• He offered to do all the cleaning if I did all the cooking, which seemed like a fair (= reasonable) deal. 他提议如果我做饭，他就做好所有的打扫清洁，这似乎挺公平合理的。
 ESSENTIAL
■If something, such as a price or share, is fair, it is reasonable and is what you expect or deserve （价格、分配等）合理的，恰当的
• I thought it was a fair price that she was offering. 我觉得她的报价是合理的。
• I'm willing to do my fair (= equal) share of the work. 我愿意做我应该承担的那部分工作。
• All the workers want is a fair wage for the work that they do. 工人想要的只是与他们的工作相称的合理报酬。
 ESSENTIAL
■If a game or competition is fair, it is done according to the rules （比赛）按规则进行的，公平的
• It was a fair fight. 这是一场公平的拳击赛。
it's only fair
■it is the right way to treat someone and what they deserve 只有…才合理；只有…才正确
• I think it's only fair to tell you that we have had over 300 applications for this job. 我认为应该告诉你一声，已经有300多人应征这份工作了。
it's fair to say
■it is true to say 说…是恰当的
• I think it's fair to say (that) you've done less of the work than I have. 我觉得说你事情做得比我少是很合理的。
to be fair
■considering everything that has an effect on a situation, so that a fair judgment can be made 说句公道话
• He's done the job badly but, to be fair, I gave him very little time to do it. 他工作做得很糟糕，但是说句公道话，我给他的时间非常少。
fair enough UK informal
■something you say to show that you understand why someone has done or said something 有道理；做得（或说得）对
• "I'm just annoyed with him because he's behaved so badly." "Fair enough." “令我感到不快的是他太没礼貌了。”“说得没错。”
Fair's fair (also fair do's) informal
■something that you say when you want someone to behave reasonably or treat you the same as other people 应该公平才是
• Come on, it's my turn. Fair's fair! 得了吧，轮到我了。公正一点！
a fair hearing
■an opportunity to explain something or give your opinions, without other people trying to influence the situation 申辩（或发言）的机会
• He didn't feel he got a fair hearing in court. 他觉得在法庭上没有得到公正的申辩机会。
fair and square
■in an honest way and without any doubt 光明正大地
• We won the match fair and square. 这场比赛我们赢得光明正大。
■UK (US squarely)
■If you hit someone fair and square on a particular part of their body, you hit them hard, exactly on that part 不偏不倚
• He hit me fair and square on the nose. 他不偏不倚打中我的鼻子。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
PALE 浅色的
 ADVANCED
■(of skin) pale, or (of hair) pale yellow or gold （皮肤）白晰的；（头发）浅黄的，金色的
• She's got fair hair and blue eyes. 她金发碧眼。
• a fair complexion 白晰的肤色
• My sister's dark and my brother's fair (= He has fair hair). 我姐姐是黑发，哥哥是金发。
• He's fair -haired. 他有一头浅色头发。
• All my family are fair -skinned. 我们全家人皮肤都很白。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
QUITE LARGE 相当大的
[before noun]
■quite large 相当大的
• We've had a fair amount of rain this week. 本周我们这里下了不少雨。
• We've had a fair number of applicants. 我们已经有相当多的求职者。
• It's a fair -sized garden. 这是一座不小的花园。
• We've come a long way, but there's still a fair way (= quite a long distance) to go. 我们已经走了很长的路，但是还要走很久。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
AVERAGE 一般的
[after verb]
■neither very good nor very bad 不好不坏的，一般的
• Films are rated on a scale of poor, fair, good and excellent. 影片被评为优、良、中、差四等。
• I was fair at science but it was never my thing. 我理科成绩还算过得去，但我从来都不喜欢理科。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
QUITE GOOD 相当好的
[before noun]
■(of an idea, guess or chance) good, but not excellent （想法、猜测或机会）相当好的，不错的
• I think I've got a fair idea of (= I understand reasonably well) what you want. 我想我很了解你想要甚么了。
• She's got a fair chance of winning (= There is a reasonable chance that she will win). 她获胜的可能性相当大。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
WEATHER 天气
■(of weather) pleasant and dry （天气）晴朗的
• Fair weather was forecast for the following day. 气象预报表示明天天气晴朗。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
BEAUTIFUL 漂亮的 old use
■(of a woman) beautiful （女子）美丽的
• a fair maiden 美丽的少女
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
All's fair in love and war. saying
■in love and war you do not have to obey the usual rules about reasonable behaviour 在情场和战场上可以不择手段。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
by fair means or foul
■If you try to achieve something by fair means or foul, you use any method you can to achieve it, even if it is not honest or fair. 不择手段
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
a fair crack of the whip UK (US a fair shake)
■an equal chance to do something 平等的机会
• It's only right that all the candidates should be given a fair crack of the whip. 应该给所有候选人平等的机会才合理。
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
fair to middling informal
■not very good but not bad 马马虎虎，过得去
• "What's your French like?" "Oh, fair to middling." “你的法语怎么样？”“哦，马马虎虎。”
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
it's a fair cop UK informal
■something you say when someone has caught you doing something wrong and you agree that you were wrong （当场被抓获时承认错误）抓得对，抓得没错
UK [feər] US [fer] adjective
with your own fair hand(s) humorous
■used to say that you have made something yourself 亲手，亲自
• "Where did you get this cake?" "I made it with my own fair hands." “你从哪里弄的蛋糕？”“我一双巧手做出来的。”
UK [feər] US [fer] noun countable
■a large public event where goods are bought and sold, usually from tables which have been specially arranged for the event, and where there is often entertainment 市集
• I bought a wooden salad bowl at the local craft fair. 我在当地的手工艺品市集上买了个木制沙拉碗。
■ (UK also funfair) (US also carnival)
■an outside event where you can ride large machines for pleasure and play games to win prizes 露天游乐会
■a large show at which people who work in a particular industry meet, and sell and advertise their products 商品展销会，商品交易会
• a book/antiques/toy fair 书展／古玩交易会／玩具展销会
• a trade fair 商品交易会
■a public event in the countryside where farm animals and farm products are sold （农村的）市集
• a cattle/agricultural fair 牲畜市场／农产品市集
• US a county/state fair 县／州农畜产品市集
mainly US for
■ fête (EVENT) 园游会，游乐会
just, impartial, objective, neutral, fair
这组词都有“公正的，公平的，不偏不倚的”的意思，其区别是：
just: 多用于庄重场合，指不受个人利益得失或感情倾向的影响，侧重按照公认的准则或标准处理问题。
impartial: 侧重对任何人或任何一方没有成见或偏袒。
objective: 着重客观、真实，不为个人偏见、兴趣、感情或看法所左右。
neutral: 强调持中立态度，不偏袒任何一方，甚至不作最后的裁决。
fair: 普通常用词，指不偏不倚地对待人和物，侧重不受个人感情、偏见或利益所影响。
exposition, display, show, exhibition, fair, exhibit
这组词都有“展览”的意思，其区别是：
exposition: 多指大型博览会或国际博览会。
display: 指展销会，商店橱窗或柜台上的陈列品。
show: 指艺术品、农产品、工业品或商品等的任何形式的公开展览。
exhibition: 一般指较正规的展览会。
fair: 侧重指为促销商品而举办的展览会或商品交易会。
exhibit: 多指个人或团体陈列的展览品，规模可大可小。
beautiful, lovely, handsome, fine, pretty, fair
这组词都有“美丽的，漂亮的”的意思，其区别是：
beautiful: 普通用词，含义广泛，语气最强，指优美和谐，是一种几乎接近完美的美。指人时通常形容女人或小孩，很少用于描写男子。
lovely: 普通用词，描写人时，主要指女人和小孩的相貌，语气不如beautiful强。
handsome: 多用于描写男性的英俊潇洒。有时也形容女人，指其五官端正，体态秀丽。
fine: 指在容貌、身材或风度等方面令人感到可爱。用于事物时，强调形式或内容的优美。
pretty: 普通用词，语气比beautiful弱，多用于描写妇女、儿童以及小巧玲珑，精美可爱之物。
fair: 正式用词，多用于文学中，形容女子和儿童，侧重外表的美。
market, fair
这组词都有“集市，市场”的意思，其区别是：
market: 指人们购买货品的地方，经常出售商品的市场。
fair: 一般指在乡村小镇定期举行的买卖牛羊或农产品等的集市。现引申指国际性的博览会、交易会等。
adj. 公平的；美丽的，白皙的； [气象] 晴朗的
 - beautiful, fine, clear, just, impartial
adv. 公平地；直接地；清楚地
 - definitely, directly, equally, immediately, straight
n. [经] 展览会；市集；美人
 - expo, exhibition, beauty

Word: scrape
Front: scrape
[skreɪp] (研四六托雅宝 5494/5968 -2)
Vocabulary: scrape
(once / 415 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v
To scrape something is to scratch or remove its surface. If you scrape your knee, you'll probably need a Band Aid.
You can scrape the toe of your favorite boots, or scrape your arm on a branch. This might cause a scrape on your skin or your shoe, a mark that shows. There is also a kind of scrape you can hear, like the scrape of a chair on a floor, and the kind of scrape, or awkward situation, you suddenly find yourself in. People also scrape things together, or gather up as much as they can find.
WORD FAMILY
scrape: scraped, scraper, scrapes, scraping+/scraper: scrapers/scraping: scrapings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are so few staff that Studdard, the superintendent, helps scrape food from lunch trays and mop the bathroom floors.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
His father scraped together the $90 tuition — a small fortune — to let him stay on as Otis’ youngest student.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 擦，刮; 擦去; 擦伤，刮破; 挖空
vi. 刮，擦; 搔，抓; 掏; 发出刺耳的声音
n. 擦，刮; 刮痕; 刮擦声; 刮胡子，修面
时态：scraped, scraping, scrapes
分布：擦伤(39%)，刮掉(32%)，刮擦声(22%)，擦掉(7%)
→来自古英语 scrapian,刮，擦，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrapona,刮，擦，来自 skerb,扩大形 式自 sker,砍，切，削，刮，词源同 share,shear,scribe.引申诸相关词义。
v.刮(掉),擦过,勉强通过n.刮,擦痕,刮擦声The scraped escapee taped the grapes into various shapes.擦伤的逃犯用带子把葡萄扎成各种形状.
verb
REMOVE 去除
transitive
■to remove an unwanted covering or a top layer from something, especially using a sharp edge or something rough 去除；刮；擦
• [+ obj + adj] Scrape your boots clean before you come in. 进来前先把靴子擦干净。
• We'll have to scrape the snow off the car before we go out in it. 我们开车出去之前必须先扫除车上的积雪。
• Emily scraped away the dead leaves to reveal the tiny shoot of a new plant. 艾蜜莉把枯叶扫去，使新苗的嫩芽露了出来。
[skreɪp] verb
RUB 擦
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) rub against a surface so that slight damage or an unpleasant noise is produced 刮坏；擦伤；蹭破
• Jackie fell over and scraped her knee (on the pavement). 杰基跌倒了，（在路面上）擦伤了膝盖。
• I was woken up by the noise of branches scraping against my bedroom window. 我被树枝刮擦卧室窗子的声音吵醒了。
[skreɪp] verb
SUCCEED 成功
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to succeed in getting or achieving something, but only just or with great difficulty 勉强获得；费尽千辛万苦
• She scraped into university on very low grades. 她以很低的分数勉强进入大学。
[skreɪp] verb
scrape (the bottom of) the barrel informal
■to use the worst people or things because that is all that is available （因别无选择）将就，凑合用
• Richard's in the team? - You really are scraping the barrel! 理查进队了？你真是没人可用了！
[skreɪp] verb
scrape a living UK
■to only just earn enough money to provide yourself with food, clothing and a place to live 勉强度日
• He settled in Paris, where he scraped a living writing short stories and magazine articles. 他定居巴黎，以写短篇小说和杂志文章勉强度日。
[skreɪp] verb
scrape home UK
■to win by a very small amount in a competitive situation 险胜
• The reigning champion scraped home just 2.9 seconds ahead of his nearest rival. 卫冕冠军仅以2.9秒的微弱优势险胜第二名选手。
[skreɪp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  scrape by/along
■to manage to live when you do not have enough money and other necessary things 勉强维持生计
• He lost his job, so the family had to scrape along on £95 a week. 他丢了工作，所以一家人只好靠每周95英镑勉强过活。
■to manage with difficulty to get a successful result or to reach an acceptable standard 艰难成功；勉强达到标准
• I only learnt Spanish for a year but I can just scrape by in most situations. 我只学了一年的西班牙语，但在大多数情况下我都能够勉强应付。
[skreɪp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  scrape through (sth)
■to succeed in something but with a lot of difficulty （在…中）艰难成功；勉强通过
• He managed to scrape through his exam with 52%. 他考了52分，勉强通过了考试。
[skreɪp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] scrape sth/sb together/up informal
■to manage with great difficulty to collect enough of something, especially money, or to find the things or people that you need 勉强凑足（尤指金钱）；历经艰难才找到
• I finally scraped together enough money for a flight home. 我终于凑足了搭机回家的旅费。
• Do you think we can scrape up a team for the match on Saturday? 你认为我们可以凑足一支球队参加星期六的比赛吗？
[skreɪp] noun
SITUATION 处境
countable informal
■a difficult or slightly dangerous situation which you cause by your own silly behaviour （由于自身愚蠢而招致的）困境，危境
• She's always getting into silly scrapes - I do wish she'd think before she does things. 她老是做些蠢事——我真希望她做事之前能先考虑一下。
• He had a couple of scrapes with the police and ended up in court. 他跟警方有了点小争执，最后上了法庭。
[skreɪp] noun
RUB 擦
countable or uncountable
■a slight injury or an unpleasant noise produced by rubbing against a surface 擦伤；摩擦声
• "It's just a scrape, " said the boy looking down at his bleeding knee. “只是小擦伤，”男孩低头看看流血的膝盖说。
• I hate the scrape of chalk on a blackboard. 我讨厌粉笔在黑板上的摩擦声。
n. 刮掉；擦痕；困境；刮擦声
 - difficulty, corner, dilemma, fix
vt. 刮；擦伤；挖成
 - raw, brush burn
vi. 刮掉；刮出刺耳声
 - shave off

Word: multiculturalism
Front: multiculturalism
[ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəlɪzəm] (11084/30398)
Vocabulary: multiculturalism
(once / 61240 pages)
n
Do you think different cultures can and should get along — and be celebrated? Then you believe in multiculturalism.
Multiculturalism is an optimistic philosophy that says if we learn about and accept other cultures, we'll all get along better. Sometimes multiculturalism is celebrated by eating food from other countries or learning about how people live in different parts of the world. When you study multiculturalism, you usually learn two things: how different other people are, and how similar they are, too.
WORD FAMILY
multicultural: multiculturalism +/acculturate: acculturated, acculturation, acculturative/ acculturation: acculturational/ counterculture: countercultures/ cultural: culturally, multicultural, transcultural / culture: acculturate, counterculture, cultural, cultured, cultures, culturing, subculture / cultured: culturedly, uncultured / subculture: subcultures/ uncultured: unculturedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The alt-right’s appeal remains marginal because the huge majority of young Americans like multiculturalism,” he writes.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Some denounce populism as little more than a racist, xenophobic reaction against immigrants and multiculturalism.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Is there a nicer homage to our multiculturalism?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 多元文化
分布：多元文化(100%)
US [-tˌi'kʌl.tʃɚ-] noun uncountable
■the existence of several cultures within a society 多种文化共存

Word: shortcut
Front: shortcut
['ʃɔ:tkʌt] (六托 11087/24059)
Back: n. 捷径，近路; 被切短的东西
分布：快捷键(53%)，捷径(38%)，近路(4%)，走捷径(3%)，抄近路(2%)
US ['ʃɔ:rt-] noun countable
■a route which leads from one place to another which is quicker and more direct than the usual route 近路，捷径
• I know a shortcut to town through the back streets. 我知道一条从后街到城里的近路。
■a quicker way of doing something in order to save time or effort （做…的）捷径
■in computing, a quick way to start or use a computer program （电脑操作中的）快捷方式
• a shortcut key 快捷键
n. 捷径；被切短的东西
 - highway, cut-short

Word: quad
Front: quad
[kwɒd] (11082/24445)
Vocabulary: quad
(once / 3723 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A quad is a rectangular shaped area, especially on a university campus, that's enclosed by buildings. Your college friend might tell you to meet her in the quad after lunch.
Quad is an abbreviation, most commonly short for quadrangle, a kind of four-sided courtyard usually defined by a large lawn and surrounded by buildings. Another kind of quad — also an abbreviation — is the large muscle in the top of your thigh, more formally known as a quadriceps muscle. Quadrangle and its nickname, quad, were 1800's Oxford slang, from the Latin root quadri, or "four."
WORD FAMILY
quad: quads
USAGE EXAMPLES
By way of comparison, in one year, 2011, the United States used about 97 quads.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He missed two of the final three games with an injury to his left quad and didn’t even log a carry in the first game.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The seventh-year power forward played in just 35 games last season because injuries to his left quad and right hand.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 四倍; 空铅; （大学的）四周有建筑物围绕的方院; 四胞胎之一
vt. 在…填补空铅
分布：用空铅填(25%)，空铅(25%)，四方院子；四胞胎之一；嵌条；成套的四件东西(25%)，四组(25%)
US [kwɑ:d] noun countable
PERSON 人 informal for
■ quadruplet
UK [kwɒd] US [kwɑ:d] noun countable
SQUARE SPACE 四方场地，方形场地 (formal quadrangle)
■a square space outside, which has buildings on all four sides, especially in a school or college （尤指中小学或大学中周围有建筑物的）四方院，四方场地
n. 四方院子；四胞胎之一；嵌条；成套的四件东西
 - platband

Word: man
Front: man
[mæn] (中高 94/91 -K5)
Vocabulary: man
(once / 4 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4v
A man is a boy who grew up: an adult male. Man has hundreds of other meanings too, most of them guy-related.
In addition to being the male equivalent of a woman, the word man has many meanings in English. Not long ago, man used to mean the same thing as people, as in humanity or mankind. Baseball teams want to get a man on base. Manning up is showing courage. Manning a business is providing workers for that business, including someone to man the phones. In a game like Monopoly, your piece is your man. Also, a common greeting is "Hey, man!"
WORD FAMILY
man: foreman, maned, manful, manhood, maning, manlike, manly, manned, manning, mannish, mans, men, superman, unman+/foreman: foremanship, foremen/manful: manfuler, manfully, manfulness, unmanful/ manhood: manhoods/manlike: manlikely, unmanlike/manliness: manlinesss/ manly: manlier, manliest, manliness, unmanly/manned: undermanned/mannish: mannishly/ men: mens/superman: supermen/unman: unmanned, unmanning, unmans/unmanful: unmanfully/unmanly: unmanliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wall, the team’s leading assist man, is the key to the success of the other Wizards.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“This is a special group of guys. Oh, man, this is the time to step up.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Manning and the offense are an issue.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 男人; 人类; 男子汉; 雇工
vt. 使振作; 操纵; 给…配置人员; 在…就位
int. （表示惊讶、气愤等）嘿，天哪
时态：manned, manning, mans
分布：人(87%)，男人(11%)，男子汉(1%)，情人(1%)
→来自古英语man,人类，男人，女人，来自Proto-Germanic*manwaz,来自man,人，进一步来自men,思考，词源同mind,mania.后不再用于女人义。
n.(pl.men)人;人类(单数,不加冠词);男人He has grown up to be a man.他已长大成人.
noun (plural men)
MALE 男子
 ESSENTIAL countable
■an adult male human being 成年男子，男人
• a young/tall man 年轻／高个子的男子
• men and women 男人和女人
• the man in the green jacket 穿绿夹克的男子
• the men's 400 metres champion 男子400米赛跑冠军
• Steve can solve anything - the man's a genius. 史蒂夫甚么疑难都解决得到——此人是个天才。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a male employee, without particular rank or title （没有明确职位或头衔的）男性员工
• The gas company said they would send some men to fix the heating system. 煤气公司说会派人来修暖气。
• The man from the BBC wrote some positive things about the film. 英国广播公司的人对影片作了正面的评价。
• The military expedition was made up of 100 officers and men. 军事探险队由100名军官和士兵组成。
• Our man in Washington sent us the news by fax yesterday. 我们驻华盛顿的同事昨天把这个消息传真过来。
• old use My man (= male servant) will show you to the door. 我的男仆会送您到门口。
a marketing/advertising, etc. man
■a man typical of or involved in marketing/advertising, etc. 市场行销／广告等人员
countable informal
■a woman's husband or male partner 丈夫；情夫；男朋友
• I hear she's got a new man. 我听说她找了个新男朋友。
• Is there a man in her life? 她有男人吗？
■mainly US informal
■used when talking to someone, especially a man （用于称呼，尤指对男子）老兄，老弟，小伙子，朋友
• Hey, man, how are you doing? 嘿，老兄，你好吗？
man and wife old-fashioned
■If a man and a woman are man and wife, they are married to each other. 夫妻，夫妇
the man only singular US slang
■the police 员警
[mæn] noun (plural men)
PEOPLE 人
uncountable
■the human race 人类，人
• Man is still far more intelligent than the cleverest robot. 人类仍远比最有智慧的机器人聪明。
• Man is rapidly destroying the Earth. 人类正迅速毁灭地球。
• This is one of the most dangerous substances known to man. 这是人类已知的最危险的物质之一。
• Try to imagine what life must have been like for Neolithic man 10 000 years ago. 想像一下一万年前新石器时代的人的生活是甚么样子。
countable literary or old-fashioned
■a person of either sex （不论性别的）人
• All men are equal in the sight of the law. 法律面前人人平等。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
OBJECT 物体
countable
■any of the objects that are moved or played with in games such as chess （国际象棋等游戏中的）棋子
[mæn] noun (plural men)
as one man formal
■If a group of people do something as one man they do it together at exactly the same time （全体）一致地
• As one man, the delegates made for the exit. 全体代表一起走向出口。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
It's every man for himself.
■something that you say which means that everyone in a particular situation is trying to do what is best for themselves and no one is trying to help anyone else 人不为己，天诛地灭（指在某种特定场合，每个人都会尽力维护自己的利益，而不会帮助他人）
• It might be a civilized place to shop at other times but come the January sales, it's every man for himself. 人们在购物时通常都能保持风度，但一月大减价则除外，这个时候，人不为己，天诛地灭。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
make a man (out) of sb
■to cause a young man or boy to act like an adult and take responsibility 使（年轻人或男孩）具有男子气概；使长大成人
• A couple of years in the army should make a man of him. 几年的军中生活会将他磨炼成男子汉。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
man and boy UK old-fashioned
■all a man's life 从童年到成年；一辈子
• From 1910 to 1970 he worked in that factory, man and boy. 从1910年到1970年，他一生都在那家工厂工作。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
be man enough to do sth
■to be brave enough to do something 敢于
• He was man enough to admit he had made a mistake. 他敢于承认自己所犯的错误。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
the man in the moon
■(in children's stories) the human face that you can imagine you see when you look at the moon 月中人，月宫人（在儿童故事中，指看着月亮幻想所看到的人）
[mæn] noun (plural men)
(as) man to man
■If two men talk (as) man to man, they talk seriously and honestly together as equals. （谈话）开诚布公地，平等而坦率地
[mæn] noun (plural men)
man's best friend
■a dog 狗
[mæn] noun (plural men)
man's inhumanity to man
■the cruelty which people show to each other 人与人之间的冷酷
• Man's inhumanity to man never fails to shock me. 人与人之间的残酷无情每每使我不寒而栗。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
a man's man
■a man who enjoys men's activities and being with other men 男人中的男人（喜爱男性活动、喜欢和男性呆在一起的男子）
• Terry's what you'd call a man's man - I don't expect you'd find him at the ballet too many nights a week. 特里是人们所说的男人中的男人——我想你不可能看见他一周好几个晚上都在看芭蕾舞。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
to a man
■every person in a group 每人，全体无例外地
• There were 400 people at the meeting and they all, to a man, voted in favour. 400人参加了会议，他们全都投了赞成票。
[mæn] noun (plural men)
You the man! US not standard
■used to praise a man who has done something well （用于称赞）做得不错，老兄！真有你的！
[mæn] verb transitive (-nn-)
■To man something such as a machine or vehicle is to be present in order to operate it 为…配备人手
• The phones are manned 24 hours a day. 电话每天24小时都有人值班。
• Barricades were erected against the advancing government troops and they were manned throughout the night. 设置了路障以阻挡政府军的前进，并且整夜有人看守。
• Man the pumps! 派人看着抽水机！
⇒ See also overmanned;undermanned;unmanned
[mæn] exclamation informal
■used as an exclamation, especially when you are expressing a strong emotion （用作感叹词，尤用于表示强烈的感情）啊，呀，哈，嘿
• Man, we had a good time - we drank all through the night! 嘿，我们昨晚真是尽兴，喝了一夜的酒！
humanity, mankind, man
这组词都有“人类”的意思，其区别是：
humanity: 书面用词，集合名词，多用于文学作品中，作人类解时，侧重有同情心、理解力和崇高品质。
mankind: 集体名词，语体庄重，泛指过去、现在和未来的人类。
man: 指各时代的全体人类。
a man, man
a man: 一个男人
man: 人类, Man will conquer nature.
n. 人； [人类] 男人；人类；丈夫；雇工
 - person, mankind, boy, humanity, guy
vt. 操纵；给…配置人员；使增强勇气；在…就位
 - guide, manipulate

Word: simulated
Front: simulated
[ˈsɪmjuleɪtɪd] (11094/14676)
Vocabulary: simulated
(once / 4237 pages)
adj
A simulated thing pretends to be something it’s not, like a fire drill with fake smoke. Relax, it’s only a simulated emergency, created to feel exactly like the real thing.
Simulated and similar have the same Latin root (similis), and a simulated situation is similar to the original, like a theme park that feels like India when you’re actually in Florida. Emotions can be simulated too, like your simulated sadness when you just want to get out of trouble. The word implies fakeness, but not always in a bad way. A simulated airflight video game can teach you how to fly without the negative side effects of crashing and dying.
WORD FAMILY
simulate: simulated, simulates, simulating, simulation, simulator+/ simulation: simulations/simulator: simulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one drill, a robot simulated a running back breaking into the open field.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
However, simulated waste used in practice runs coated the inside of the cylinder causing a bark-like substance to form, disrupting the process.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When LaClergue simulated the next 20 years under existing zoning, he predicted 60 units would be demolished, more than with the upzone.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 假装的; 冒充的; 仿造的; 模仿的
v. 假装( simulate的过去式和过去分词 ); 模仿; （用计算机或模型等）模拟
分布：仿造的(45%)，模仿的(30%)，伪装的(17%)，动词simulate的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
VERB
假装;冒充;装作
If you simulate an action or a feeling, you pretend that you are doing it or feeling it.
例：They rolled about on the Gilligan Road, simulating a bloodthirsty fight...他们在吉利根路上翻滚，模拟一场暴力厮杀。
例：He performed a simulated striptease.他模仿了一段脱衣舞表演。
VERB
模仿;模拟;仿造
If you simulate an object, a substance, or a noise, you produce something that looks or sounds like it.
例：The wood had been painted to simulate stone...木头上刷了漆以看起来像块石头。
例：Smoke was used to simulate steam coming from a smashed radiator...用烟来模拟从撞碎的散热器中冒出的蒸气。
VERB
仿真;模拟
If you simulate a set of conditions, you create them artificially, for example in order to conduct an experiment.
例：The scientist developed one model to simulate a full year of the globe's climate...这名科学家研制了一个模型来模拟地球全年的气候。
例：Cars are tested to see how much damage they suffer in simulated crashes.已经对车辆进行了测试以确定其在模拟撞车试验中会遭受多大的损坏。
adj. 模拟的；模仿的；仿造的
 - artificial, analog
v. 模仿（simulate的变形）；假装
 - mimicked, make like

Word: magistrate
Front: magistrate
[ˈmædʒɪstreɪt] (研六雅 11049/2844 -2)
Vocabulary: magistrate
(once / 235 pages)
n
A magistrate is a person who lays down the law — a judge or other civil authority who conducts a court. Minor offenses are often brought before a magistrate.
Magistrate goes back to the Latin magistratus, meaning "administrator." Lawmakers and judges might have a role in making and changing laws; magistrates focus on carrying out the laws on a case-by-case basis. A magistrate doesn't usually make final rulings on murders or high-level cases. He or she might hear cases about things like property damage or traffic violations.
WORD FAMILY
magistrate: magisterial, magistracy, magistrates+/ magisterial: magisterially/ magistracy: magistracies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lee Parker, 33, of Britton Gardens, appeared before Bristol Magistrates' Court on Wednesday to face the single charge.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Federal Magistrate Judge Michael Merz in Dayton cited the 6th Circuit case earlier this month when he put executions on hold.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Brazil international is due to appear at Liverpool Magistrates Court on 31 January.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 地方法官，治安官; 文职官员; 治安推事
分布：地方法官(89%)，行政官(11%)
→来自拉丁语magister,行政长官，首长，来自meg,巨大的，威严的，词源同magnate,master.
n.地方行政官,地方法官,治安官The magistrate fined him ￡50 for driving too fast.他因为开车太快,法官罚了他五十英镑.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who acts as a judge in a law court that deals with crimes that are not serious （审理轻微案件的）地方法官
• He will appear before the magistrates tomorrow. 明天他要在地方法院出庭。
• Greenway appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court to face seven charges of accepting bribes. 格林韦在博街治安法庭出庭，面临七项受贿指控。
n. 地方法官；文职官员；治安推事
 - jurat

Word: truce
Front: truce
[tru:s] (雅宝 11070/8938 -2)
Vocabulary: truce
(once / 748 pages)
n
When two warring sides decide to call it quits, it's called a truce — an agreement to end the fighting.
When there's a truce, the two sides stop attacking each other, catch their breath, and try to work out a peace deal. A truce isn't a permanent solution: it's more like a time-out. People with other kinds of conflicts talk about truces, too. If you and your sister are in an ongoing battle, one of you could say, "Can we please call a truce?" That means you'll take a break from squabbling, at least for a while.
WORD FAMILY
truce: truces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Fatah al-Sham Front and the Islamic State group are not included in the truce.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was not immediately clear if the rebels would abandon the truce as a result.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The Syrian military on Friday denied attacking the valley, saying it respected the Russian and Turkish brokered truce.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 休战; 停战（协定）; 停止争辩（的协议）; 中止
vt. 以休战结束; 停止争执
vi. 停战
分布：休战(92%)，以停战结束(4%)，烦恼等的)缓和(2%)，(争执(2%)
→来自古英语 treow,事实，承诺，忠诚，条约，词源同 true,truth.-ce,表复数，如 pence 为 penny 复数格。
休战,停战(相信对方而停战)[tru=true,表示"相信,真实"]
【记】tru真，ce读：死，真的出现了人员的伤亡－停战
【反】resumed fighting（继续打）
noun countable
■a short interruption in a war or argument, or an agreement to stop fighting or arguing for a period of time 讲和（协议）；休战，停战（协定）
• After years of rivalry, the two companies have UKagreed / USagreed to a truce. 经过多年的竞争，两家公司同意握手言和。
• We've got to spend the weekend together, so we might as well call (= have) a truce. 我们必须在一起过周末，所以最好还是讲和。
• Following last month's riots, the two big gangs in Los Angeles have finally declared a truce, ending years of bloodshed. 上个月火拼之后，洛杉矶的两大帮派最终宣布停战，从而结束了多年的杀戮。
• The fragile truce between the two sides is not expected to last long. 预计双方脆弱的停战协定不会持久。
n. 停战；休战；休战协定
 - armistice

Word: threatening
Front: threatening
[ˈθretnɪŋ] (11078/11096 -K3)
Back: adj. 胁迫的; 险恶的; 凶兆的; （天气等）要变坏的
v. 恐吓; 威胁; 预示（某事）(threaten的现在分词)
分布：凶兆的(43%)，险恶的(29%)，胁迫的(23%)，动词threaten的现在分词.(5%)
/-nɪŋ-] adjective
■expressing a threat of something unpleasant or violent 威胁（性）的，恐吓（性）的
• threatening behaviour 威胁行为
adj. 危险的；胁迫的；凶兆的
 - dangerous, critical, risky
v. 威胁；恐吓；迫近（threaten的ing形式）
 - menacing

Word: intrigue
Front: intrigue
[ɪnˈtri:g] (研六托雅宝 7897/11346 -2)
Vocabulary: intrigue
(once / 353 pages)
1nv 2v
An intrigue is a secret plot. If you ever become the monarch of a small island kingdom, keep watch for signs of any intrigue against you.
Intrigue comes from the Latin verb intricare, to entangle, and is related to intricate. It can be a noun, meaning underhanded plot, or a verb for the act of plotting. Agents of two opposing powers intrigue against each other. In the late nineteenth century it also came to mean the feeling of curiosity or interest. If someone's ideas intrigue you, you want to know more about them.
WORD FAMILY
intrigue: intrigued, intriguer, intrigues, intriguing +/intriguer: intriguers/ intriguing: intriguingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At first I instantly thought it was marketing hype but slowly the story intrigued me and I began searching online.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The manuscript’s odyssey — from its creation in Mexico to its recent arrival in Manhattan — is a tale laced with intrigue.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But a more intriguing development is wearables with built-in airbags.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 密谋，阴谋; 私通，奸情
vi. 耍阴谋
vt. 以谋略达成; 激起…的好奇心
时态：intrigued, intriguing, intrigues
分布：阴谋(72%)，私通(12%)，密谋(10%)，复杂的事(3%)，欺骗(2%)，激起 ... 的兴趣(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-trig,琐事，繁琐，词源同trick,extricate.即卷进去的，引申词义激发，激起好奇心，同时，也用于指阴谋，密谋等。
n.阴谋v.密谋,私通;激起...的兴趣;诡计取得The news intrigued all of us.这条新闻引起了我们大家的兴趣.
【记】in进入，trigue＝tric计谋－用计谋让你进入兴趣源于：trigger（vt 引发；n 板机）－引起兴趣
【反】pall（v 使平淡无味）
verb transitive /ɪnˈtriːg/
■to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual or mysterious （尤指因奇怪、不寻常或神秘而）使很感兴趣，迷住
• Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. 纵观历史，人们一直被这样一个问题吸引着：宇宙的其他地方是否也存在著有智力的生物？
noun countable or uncountable /ˈɪn.triːg/
■(the making of) a secret plan to do something, especially something that will harm another person （尤指伤害他人的）密谋；阴谋，诡计
• a tale of political intrigue 政治阴谋的传闻
n. 阴谋；诡计；复杂的事；私通
 - scheme, designing, fraud, plot, conspiracy
vi. 私通；密谋
 - plot, collogue

Word: scowl
Front: scowl
[skaʊl] (宝 11097/13071 -1)
Vocabulary: scowl
(once / 782 pages)
vn
When you scowl you make an angry face. The angry face you make is also called a scowl. Lighten up.
Scowl is an expressive word: it shares "ow" with frown, and if you say it like you mean it you might end up scowling yourself. Being scowled at is more unsettling than being frowned at. A scowl is like an angry frown you would give someone if you disapproved of them. A frown expresses sadness, but a scowl expresses disdain.
WORD FAMILY
scowl: scowled, scowling, scowls+/scowling: scowlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brohi leaves his young wife alone but hangs outside the door, scowling at her.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“If you’re scowling, conjure up a smile. If you tense up, try to relax.”
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
He doesn’t scowl if quarterback Kirk Cousins misses a throw.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 皱眉; 怒视
vt. 皱眉表示; 对…沉下脸
n. 愁容; 怒容
时态：scowled, scowling, scowls
分布：皱眉(60%)，愁容(40%)
【记】s死，cow母牛，l：母牛被l弄死了－皱眉头
verb intransitive
■to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression 阴沉着脸看，怒目而视
• The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed her back into school. 男孩对她阴沉着脸，很不情愿地跟着她回了学校。
n. 愁容；怒容；阴沉沉的样子
 - sad face
vi. 皱眉；怒视
 - glare at, frown upon

Word: timer
Front: timer
[ˈtaɪmə(r)] (11074/12427 -1)
Back: n. 定时器; 计时器; 点火调节装置; 跑表，时计
分布：计时器(64%)，定时器(33%)，计时员(3%)
→time,计时，-er,表物。
US [-mɚ] noun countable
■a device which records when a particular number of minutes, hours, etc. have gone past 定时器；计时器
• He set the timer on the oven to/for 20 minutes (= to record when 20 minutes had gone past). 他给烤箱定时器定了20分钟。
(UK also time switch)
■a device on a machine which causes the machine to start or stop working at a particular point in the day 计时开关，定时开关
n. [电子] 定时器；计时器；计时员，记时员；跑表；延时调节器
 - MyTimer, calculagraph

Word: beak
Front: beak
[bi:k] (托 11092/10354 -K1)
Vocabulary: beak
(once / 980 pages)
1n 2v
When you see a bird pecking around in your backyard, it’s using its beak to probe the ground for food. A beak is the hard, pointed structure sticking out from a bird’s face.
The word beak refers to the bill on a bird, which protrudes from the face and is used for eating, grooming, and pecking. You can think of it sort of like the mouth of a bird, only it’s made up of hard, horny material rather than flesh. The word beak is sometimes used informally to refer to a person’s nose, especially if the nose is large, prominent, and protruding — in other word, sort of like a bird’s beak.
WORD FAMILY
beak: beaked, beaking, beakless, beaklike, beaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
All true, but those that were non-avian dinosaurs, as they are now called, were not all beak and tweet.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Over tens of millions of years, many evolved toothless beaks like those in today’s birds.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
The discovery will help explain how the beak, which is so important in the bird kingdom, evolved.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （猛禽等的）嘴，喙; 鹰钩鼻; 地方执法官
分布：鸟嘴(80%)，鸟嘴状物体(10%)，校长(10%)
→词源同peck, 啄，拟声词。
noun countable
BIRD'S MOUTH 鸟喙
 ADVANCED
■the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth （鸟类的）嘴，喙
• Birds use their beaks to pick up food. 鸟用嘴叼食。
[bi:k] noun countable
NOSE 鼻 informal
■a large nose 大鼻子，鹰钩鼻
• He'd be quite handsome if it wasn't for that great beak of his. 要不是长着那个硕大的钩形鼻，他会很英俊的。
[bi:k] noun countable
JUDGE 法官 UK old-fashioned slang
■a judge 法官
n. [鸟] 鸟嘴；鹰钩鼻子；地方执法官；男教师
 - schoolmaster, justice of the peace

Word: bristle
Front: bristle
[ˈbrɪsl] (四六宝 11066/14172 -1)
Vocabulary: bristle
(once / 759 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
A bristle is a stiff hair — the kind men shave off their face or the kind badgers have all over. Bristle also means to get angry. Tell an animal rights activist you use a badger's bristle shaving brush and you'll get the idea.
The emotional meaning of to bristle comes from the fact that most animal bristles used by man are so-called erectile hairs — the ones that stand up on the neck or along the back of animal when it's angry or surprised. A common word associated with bristle is hackle, another name for such erectile animal hairs. Thus the saying "to get one's hackles up," which is pretty much identical to bristling.
WORD FAMILY
bristle: bristled, bristlelike, bristles, bristling, bristly +/ bristly: bristliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Basketball coaches are still bristling about the Washington Interscholastic Activities Association’s new state tournament format.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Cuban officials bristle at the suggestion, saying it is an attempt to weaken the government of the island.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Not only did the president-elect fail to heed the message — he bristled at it.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （猪等的）鬃毛; 刚毛; （动，植物的）短硬毛; （人的）胡须茬
vi. 发怒; （像鬃毛似的）竖立; （因害怕、激怒等而）毛发直立; 密密地覆盖
vt. 使（毛发等像鬃毛似的）直立; 把…弄粗糙; 给（刷子等）安鬃毛; 使林立
时态：bristled, bristling, bristles
分布：猪鬃(42%)，刚毛(29%)，直立(22%)，生气(7%)
→来自PIE *bhars, 刺，硬毛。词源同barley, bur.
【记】b不，ris＝rise升起，tle读：头。不抬头，豪猪的毛竖起来的时候是不抬头的。
【区】gristle（n 软骨），gristle鬼抬头，没有肉，露出软骨。
【反】cower（v 畏缩）
noun
countable
■a short stiff hair, usually one of many 短而硬的毛；刚毛
• The old woman had a few grey bristles sprouting from her chin. 老妇人下巴上长出几根灰白的又短又硬的毛。
countable or uncountable
■The bristles of a brush are the stiff hairs or pieces of plastic which are connected to it 刷子毛
• The best quality men's shaving brushes are made from badger bristle. 最好的男士修面刷由獾毛制成。
• My toothbrush has blue and white plastic bristles. 我的牙刷上有蓝白塑胶刷毛。
['brɪs.l] verb
HAIR 毛发
intransitive
■(of hair) to stand up （毛发等）直立
• The cat's fur bristled and it arched its back. 那只猫竖起了毛，弓起了背。
['brɪs.l] verb
REACT ANGRILY 生气
■to react angrily 生气
• She bristled at the suggestion that she had in any way neglected the child. 人们认为她多少有点忽略了这孩子，这种看法使她很生气。
['brɪs.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bristle with sth
■to have a large amount of something, or to be full of something 有大量的…，充满
• The helicopter hovered above them bristling with machine guns. 直升机在他们头顶上盘旋，上面架着许多机关枪。
n. 猪鬃； [动] 刚毛
 - seta, chaeta
vi. 发怒；竖起
 - anger, chafe at

Word: mistakenly
Front: mistakenly
[mɪ'steɪkənlɪ] (11081/13695)
Back: adv. 错误地，被误解地
分布：错误地(60%)，曲解地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
搞错的;弄错的；误解的
If you are mistaken about something, you are wrong about it.
例：I see I was mistaken about you...我明白我以前错怪你了。
例：You couldn't be more mistaken, Alex. You've utterly misread the situation.亚历克斯，你真是大错特错，你对局势的判断根本不对。
ADJ
(信仰、意见)错误的，不正确的
A mistaken belief or opinion is incorrect.
例：I had a mistaken view of what was happening.我对当时发生的事情曾有一种错误的认识。
例：...a limited understanding of addiction and mistaken beliefs about how it can be overcome.对上瘾的有限认识和关于如何将其戒除的错误观念
adv. 错误地；曲解地，被误解地
 - wrong, in error

Word: repository
Front: repository
[rɪˈpɒzətri] (宝 11102/10284 -1)
Vocabulary: repository
(once / 3583 pages)
1n 2n
Think of a repository as a storehouse, a place where things are kept until needed. A silo is a repository for animal feed, and a trivia buff's mind is a repository for useless information.
The noun repository has a somewhat formal ring to it — why not just call a storehouse a storehouse, right? Think of a repository as somewhat more important and imposing than just a place to dump stuff. It has more of an air of authority, like the things stored there could change the world. Consider nuclear waste — would you rather store it in a dump or a repository? I don’t know about you, but I'd prefer the latter—sounds safer.
WORD FAMILY
repository: repositories
USAGE EXAMPLES
The museum will not, as many assume, be a repository for “Star Wars” memorabilia.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“A right-wing demagogue in charge of the world’s most influential repository of democratic values,” wrote Financial Times columnist Martin Wolf, “is a devastating fact.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
It is the awareness that their bodies are repositories for other people’s narratives and stereotypes that burdens all the women I spoke to.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 仓库; 贮藏室; 博物馆; 亲信
分布：仓库(72%)，贮藏室(13%)，容器(12%)，智囊(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-posit,放置，词源同 position,composite.引申词义仓库。
仓库(re重新+posit+ory→重新放东西之地→仓库)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】re反复，pos放，itory－反复放东西的地方－仓库
US [-'pɑ:.zɪ.tɔ:r-] noun
countable formal
■a place where things are stored and can be found 仓库；贮藏室；存放处
countable usually singular
■a person who has, or a book that contains, a lot of information or detailed knowledge 智囊；知识渊博的人；知识宝典
• She's a repository of knowledge about our family history. 她对我们的家族史了若指掌。
n. 贮藏室，仓库；知识库；智囊团
 - warehouse, stockroom

Word: verification
Front: verification
[ˌverɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (11069/10537)
Vocabulary: verification
(once / 4059 pages)
1n 2n
Verification is an extra or final bit of proof that establishes something is true.
To verify something is to make sure it's correct or true, so verification is an action that establishes the truth of something. Checking an ID is a verification of your age. Your bank will often ask for part of your social security number as verification of your identity. Scientists do research to establish verification for their theories. In all cases, verification is like a stamp of approval.
WORD FAMILY
verification: verifications+/ verifiable: unverifiable, verifiably/verified: unverified/verifier: verifiers/ verify: verifiable, verification, verificatory, verified, verifier, verifies, verifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Horn says he is working to help Arizona offer an online option to streamline the verification process there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Then add an extra layer of protection by enabling two-factor verification on your accounts whenever the option is available.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
U.S. officials describe a range of steps that are required to authorize every individual airstrike, including verification of intelligence and a sign-off from military lawyers.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 证明; 证实; <哲>（指通过经验）证明（某命题正确）; 核实
分布：确认(84%)，查证(14%)，作证(2%)
【反】refutation（n 反驳）；verifiable（adj 能证实的）－fallacious（adj 谬误的）
VERB
核实;查证;查清
If you verify something, you check that it is true by careful examination or investigation.
例：I verified the source from which I had that information...我核实了我所获消息的来源。
例：A clerk simply verifies that the payment and invoice amount match.职员只是核实付款和发票上的数额是否一致。
VERB
证实;证明
If you verify something, you state or confirm that it is true.
例：The government has not verified any of those reports...政府还没有证实那些报告中的任何一个。
例：I can verify that it takes about thirty seconds.我能证明，这大约要用30秒的时间。
n. 确认，查证； [审计] 核实
 - confirmation, validation

Word: shallot
Front: shallot
[ʃəˈlɒt] (11062/18012 -1)
Back: n. 葱; 红葱; 青葱
分布：名词(100%)
→来 自 中 古 法 语 eschalotte, 小 葱 ， 来 自 通 俗 拉 丁 语 *escalonia, 葱 ， 缩 写 自 拉 丁 语 cepa Ascalonalonia,来自 cepa,葱，词源同 chive,香葱，Ascalonalonia,来自 Ascalon,古以色列海港城 市。由该词衍生同源词 scallion,香葱，大葱。
US [-'lɑ:t] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of small onion 青葱
n. 葱
 - eschalot

Word: wake-up
Front: wake-up
['weɪk'ʌp] None
Back: 唤醒
分布：醒过来的(100%)
adj. 醒过来的；引起激动的
 - tingly
n. [计] 唤醒；醒来
 - waking up, awakening

Word: rein
Front: rein
[reɪn] (研四六宝 8629/6977 -2)
Vocabulary: rein
(once / 326 pages)
nv
Rein is both a noun and a verb for guiding and restraining. You can use the long strap, or rein, on a horse to control its speed and direction, and you can rein in your own tongue by closing your mouth.
Rein rhymes with rain but the two words describe very different things. Rain comes down all over the place, uncontrolled, while a rein holds things in place or controls what comes out. As a noun, rein is often used as a plural word "reins" when talking about actual leather restraints used in horse riding, but a rein also is something non-physical like when you put a rein on spending by shopping less.
WORD FAMILY
rein: reined, reining, reins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Trump also berated China for failing to help rein in its ally North Korea.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But growth did slow slightly more than expected, in a sign that government measures to rein in soaring asset prices are affecting the broader economy.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
As a child, I thought all this was possible, and when I started studying it, I reined in my expectations.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 驾驭（法）; 统治手段; 控制（权）; 缰绳
vt. 勒缰绳使（马）停步; 驾驭; 严格控制
vi. 勒住马
时态：reined, reining, reins
分布：控制(81%)，驾驭(10%)，缰绳(9%)
→来自（缩写自）拉丁语 retinere,维持，控制，词源同 retain.引申诸相关词义。
n.缰绳,统治,支配v.驾驭,控制,统治The rider pulled on the reins, and the horse stopped.骑马的人拉紧缰绳,马停住了.
【记】rei＝reg统治
【反】prod（v 刺；激励）
noun countable usually plural
■a long thin piece of material, especially leather, which helps you to control and direct a horse （尤指皮的）缰绳
• You pull on both reins to stop or slow a horse, but only the left rein to turn left. 拉两边的缰绳来让马停住或放慢速度，但是要想左转时，只需拉左边的缰绳。
■UK
■a strap which is put around a small child's body or wrist and held at the other end by an adult so that the adult can stop the child running away （领幼儿走路时防止其走失的）安全绳套，保护带
• I always put my son on reins when we go shopping. 我们带儿子去购物时，总是用安全带牵着他。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
free rein
■the freedom to do, say or feel what you want （言行或情感的）自由，自主，无约束
• The young film-makers were given free rein to experiment with new themes and techniques. 年轻的电影制片者们对新主题和新技巧可以自由尝试。
• He deliberately gave his emotions free rein as he played the sonata. 演奏这首奏鸣曲时，他刻意使自己的感情尽情奔放。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
keep a tight rein on sb/sth (also keep sb/sth on a tight rein)
■to have a lot of control over someone or something 对…严加约束；对…严加控制
• My father always kept us on a tight rein. 我父亲对我们总是严加管教。
[reɪn] noun countable usually plural
take over/up the reins
■to take control of something, especially an organization or a country 控制，接管（某东西，尤指某组织或国家）
• He took up the reins of government immediately after the coup. 在那次政变之后，他立即控制了政府。
[reɪn] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rein sth in
HORSE
■to make a horse go more slowly or stop by pulling on its reins 用缰绳勒住（马）；收缰绳使（马）放慢速度（或停住）
ACTIVITY (also rein sth back)
■to control an emotion, activity or situation to prevent it from becoming too powerful 抑制；控制；约束
• We tried to rein in our excitement and curiosity. 我们尽力克制住兴奋和好奇。
• Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending. 今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。
n. 缰绳；驾驭；统治；支配
 - governance, disposal, rule, trace
vt. [建] 控制；驾驭；勒住
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, bottle

Word: star
Front: star
[stɑ:(r)] (中高雅 538/1001 -K5)
Vocabulary: star
(once / 44 pages)
1n 2nvadj 3nv
A star twinkles in the night sky. To put it more scientifically, it’s a celestial body of hot gases radiating energy. A star is also a person who dazzles — the star of the show or the star archaeologist.
If you're starring in a Broadway show, your name gets top billing — you've got the biggest part or maybe you're the best known performer, the actor people are wild to see, the one with the most "star power." If you believe in fate or astrology, you might "thank your lucky stars" for your good fortune. Star is the same root as the Greek aster, as in asterisk — a star symbol.
WORD FAMILY
star: co-star, stardom, staringly, starless, starlike, starred, starring, starry, stars, superstar+/co-star: co-starred, co-starring, co-stars/starred: ill-starred, unstarred/starry: starrier, starriest, starrily/superstar: superstars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the man walked into a Star Petro gas station on Monday afternoon but failed to intimidate the clerk.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The “Star Wars” creator is financing the project himself.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Emily Blunt stars as Rachel, a divorced alcoholic who becomes an unreliable and unlikely detective in this adaptation of Paula Hawkins’s best-selling novel.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. 星; 星状物; 星级; 明星
v. 主演; （在文字等旁）标星号
时态：starred, starring, stars
分布：星(72%)，明星(27%)，以星状物装饰(1%)
→来自中古英语 sterre,来自古英语 steorra,星星，来自 Proto-Germanic*sterno,星星，来自 ster, 星星，来自 es,*as,燃烧，照明，词源同 ash,ardent,-ter,表施动者。
n.星;恒星;明星v.用星号标出;扮演主角The smart star starts to make cart chart for the commencement.精明的明星开始制作授学位典礼用的马车图表.
US [stɑ:r] noun
OBJECT IN SPACE 太空中的物体
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a very large ball of burning gas in space which is usually seen from Earth as a point of light in the sky at night 恒星；星
• Stars twinkled above them as they lay on the hill. 他们躺在小山上，头顶上繁星闪烁。
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] noun
PERFORMER 表演者
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a very famous, successful and important person, especially a performer such as a musician, actor or sports player 明星
• a rock/movie/football star 摇滚歌星／影星／足球明星
• Kids wanting to be stars come to Hollywood from all over America. 想当明星的年轻人从美国各地来到好莱坞。
⇒ See also co-star;superstar
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] noun
SYMBOL 符号
 IMPROVER countable
■a symbol with four or more points 星形；星状物
• star-shaped 星形的
• How many stars (= symbols showing quality) has this restaurant got? 这家餐厅是几星级的？
• The teacher gave Atticus a gold star (= paper symbol rewarding good work) for his drawing. 老师给了阿蒂科斯一颗金星，表扬他的画画得好。
countable
■a symbol made of metal or cloth worn by particular officials to show their rank （表示军衔的）星章
• a sheriff's star 警长的星章
• a four-star general 四星上将
countable
■an asterisk (= a symbol *) 星号
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] noun
LUCK 运气
countable informal
■any planet or other object in the sky thought of in astrology as influencing a person's luck 星宿，星相，命星（占星术中认为影响个人运气的星体）
• She was born under a lucky/an unlucky star. 她生来命就好／不好。
⇒ See also star sign
stars [plural] informal
■ horoscope
• I always like to see what the stars say in the newspaper. 我总是喜欢看报纸的星座版说些甚么。
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] noun
You're a star! informal
■something you say to someone when they have been kind and helpful to you （表示感激某人）你真是个大好人！
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] verb intransitive + prep transitive (-rr-)
 IMPROVER
■If a film, play, etc. stars someone, or if someone stars in a film, play, etc., they are the main actor in it （电影、戏剧等）由（某人）担任主演；主演，担任主角
• Ben Kingsley starred in the film 'Gandhi'. 班•金斯利主演了电影《甘地》。
• Fowles's novel 'The French Lieutenant's Woman' was turned into a film starring Meryl Streep. 福尔斯的小说《法国中尉的女人》被改编成电影，由梅莉•史翠普领衔主演。
UK [stɑ:r] US [stɑ:r] adjective [before noun] informal
■best or most important 最好的，最出色的；最重要的
• Natalie is, without a doubt, the star student in this year's ballet class. 毫无疑问，纳塔莉是今年芭蕾班中最出色的学员。
• This afternoon the prosecution will call its star witness. 今天下午控方将传召其最重要的证人。
planet, star
这组词都有“星”的意思，其区别是：
planet: 指围绕太阳运转的行星。
star: 多指恒星，也指天空中的群星。可引申指一切星状物或文体等领域中的知名人物。
n. [天] 星，恒星；明星；星形物
 - lucida
vt. 用星号标于；由…主演，由…担任主角
 - feature
adj. 明星的，主角的；星形的
 - stellate

Word: fancy
Front: fancy
[ˈfænsi] (高研四六托雅 5118/3859 -K1)
Vocabulary: fancy
(once / 58 pages)
1adj 2vn 3nv
Fancy can be an adjective, noun, or a verb. As an adjective, it’s the opposite of plain. The noun names something that isn’t real. When someone likes or wants something, the verb can be used: “I fancy a cup of tea.” Doesn’t that sound fancy?
Fancy is an old contraction of the word fantasy. You’ll often see this word used in the phrase “flights of fancy.” This phrase refers to an unrealistic goal or idea such as, “He has flights of fancy about running off to Hollywood and becoming a movie star.” Fancy can also be used as an expression of affection. If you have a crush on someone, for instance, you could say that you “took a fancy” to him or her.
WORD FAMILY
fancy: fancied, fancier, fancies, fanciest, fanciful, fancily, fancying+/fancied: fanciedly/ fancier: fanciers/ fanciful: fancifully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not a fancy car, mind you—a fifteen-year old Civic with 170,000 miles on it—but a car nonetheless.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Rookie Tyreek Hill showed some fancy footwork in returning a punt 95 yards for a touchdown in the final minute of the third quarter.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rookie Tyreek Hill showed some fancy footwork in returning a punt 95 yards for a touchdown in the final minute of the third quarter.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 认为; 想象; 想要; 自命不凡
n. 想象的事物; 想象力; 爱好; 想要
adj. 精致的; 花哨的; 昂贵的; 异常复杂的
时态：fancied, fancying, fancies
分布：幻想(33%)，想象(19%)，昂贵的(13%)，喜爱(6%)，想像力(6%)，迷恋(6%)，好的(5%)，时髦的(4%)，希望(4%)，复杂的(3%)，华丽装饰的(1%)
→缩写自fantasy, 幻想，空想。
n.爱好,迷恋v.想象,幻想a.花式的,奇特的Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!
verb
LIKE 喜欢
 IMPROVER transitive mainly UK
■to want to have or do something 想要；想做
• Do you fancy a drink this evening? 你今晚想喝一杯吗？
• [+ -ing verb] I didn't fancy swimming in that water. 我不想在那水里游泳。
transitive mainly UK informal
■to be sexually attracted to someone 爱慕，喜欢
• He could tell she fancied him. 他看得出她喜欢他。
fancy yourself mainly UK disapproving
■to think you are very attractive or important 自以为是；自命不凡
• That Dave really fancies himself, doesn't he? 那个戴夫挺自命不凡的，是吧？
['fænt.si] verb
IMAGINE 想像
intransitive or transitive
■to imagine or think that something is so 想像；认为
• [+ (that)] UK I fancied (that) I saw something moving in the corner. 我想我看见角落里有东西在动。
• [R] He fancies himself as a bit of a singer. 他认为自己多少是个歌手。
• [+ to infinitive] Who do you fancy to win the Cup this year? 你认为今年谁会赢得杯赛？
• UK old-fashioned This isn't the first time this has happened, I fancy. 我想，这不是第一次发生这种事了。
fancy! (also fancy that!) UK old-fashioned
■an expression of surprise （表示惊讶）真想不到！
• "They have eight children." "Fancy that! “他们有八个孩子。”“真想不到啊！”
['fænt.si] verb
fancy sb's chances mainly UK
■to think that someone is likely to succeed 认为（某人）会成功
• I don't fancy his chances of getting his novel published. 我认为他的小说能够出版的希望不大。
['fænt.si] adjective
DECORATIVE 装饰的
■decorative or complicated 装饰的；花哨的；复杂的
• I wanted a simple black dress, nothing fancy. 我想要一件简洁的黑色礼服，不要花哨的东西。
• The decor was rather fancy for my tastes. 这种装饰风格过于繁复，不合我的喜好。
• fancy cakes 花式蛋糕
['fænt.si] adjective
EXPENSIVE 昂贵的 informal
■expensive 昂贵的；豪华的
• We stayed in a fancy hotel near the Champs-Élysées. 我们住在香榭丽舍大道附近一家豪华的饭店里。
• a fancy restaurant 豪华餐厅
['fænt.si] noun
STH/SB YOU LIKE 你喜欢的事物／人
passing fancy
■something that you like very much for a short period 一时的兴趣（或爱好）
• But for me, parachuting was no passing fancy. 但是对我来说，跳伞可不是一时的兴趣。
take a fancy to sth/sb
■to start liking something or someone very much 喜欢上，爱上
• Laura's taken a fancy to Japanese food. 萝拉喜欢上日本料理。
take/tickle your fancy informal
■If something takes/tickles your fancy, you like it and want to have or do it 吸引（某人），中（某人的）意
• I looked in a lot of clothes shops but nothing really tickled my fancy. 我逛了很多服装店，但没甚么衣服让我中意。
['fænt.si] noun
IMAGINATION 想像力
uncountable literary
■the imagination 想像（力） See flight of fancy
realize, fancy, think, imagine, conceive
这组词都有“在思想中形成一个看法或观念”的意思，其区别是：
realize: 指领悟，通过生动的构思或想象从而抓住事物的本质。
fancy: 与imagine略不同，往往指的是不切实际的，属于梦幻般的想象。
think: 最普通用词，指想或思索，也指由反复思考而作出判断或得出结论等。
imagine: 比conceive更强调形象思维，指在头脑中形成一个清晰明确的意象。
conceive: 指在头脑中组织好自己的思想，在心中形成一个系统的思想或一个见解。
love, fancy, enjoy, prefer, like, adore
这组词都有“喜欢、喜爱”的意思，其区别是：
love: 不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。
fancy: 指喜爱投合自己心意、嗜好或欲望等的人或物。
enjoy: 指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。
prefer: 指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。
like: 最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。
adore: 非正式用词，口语体。指非常喜爱，带强烈的感情色彩。
fantasy, fancy, imagination
这组词都有“想象，幻想”的意思，其区别是：
fantasy: 指与现实完全脱节，荒诞离谱、稀奇古怪的想象。
fancy: 指脱离实际的幻想或幻想力，常暗含所想象的东西近乎怪诞的意味。
imagination: 含义广，一般不含贬义。可指认真、带有启发性的想象，也可指凭记忆的想象或凭空想象事物的能力。
n. 幻想；想像力；爱好
 - interest, like, fantasy
adj. 想象的；奇特的；昂贵的；精选的
 - expensive, rich, ideal, picked, dear
vt. 想象；喜爱；设想；自负
 - enjoy, vision, image
vi. 幻想；想象
 - have vision of, to imagine

Word: sweetie
Front: sweetie
[ˈswi:ti] (11067/24705)
Back: n. <非正> <英>（儿语或用于对儿童说话时）糖果; （用于称呼自己喜欢或所爱的人）亲爱的; 好心人; 热心肠的人
分布：情人(55%)，爱人(29%)，好心人(11%)，甜的糕饼类(5%)
→来自 sweetheart 亲昵叫法。
US [-i] noun
FOOD 食物
countable UK child's word
■a sweet 糖果，甜食
UK ['swi:.ti] US [-i] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■a very pleasant or kind person 和蔼可亲的人，讨人喜欢的人
• He's a real sweetie. 他真是讨人喜欢。
informal
■a friendly way of talking to someone （爱称或匿称）亲爱的
n. 爱人，情人；甜的糕饼糖果
 - lover, valentine

Word: captive
Front: captive
[ˈkæptɪv] (研四六雅 9226/11324 -2)
Vocabulary: captive
(once / 188 pages)
nadj
A captive is something that has been captured and can’t escape, like a prisoner of war or a panda in a zoo.
To be captured on the battlefield, and held captive is not so great, but captive doesn’t always describe things that are completely bad, like its synonym, hostage. If you fall in love you might say your heart is being held captive. Ideas that entrance you could be called captivating. Sometimes endangered animals are brought into captivity in order to breed larger populations, and then released into the wild.
WORD FAMILY
captive: captivate, captives, captivity +/ captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captivity: captivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He fathered nearly a quarter of the world’s captive pandas.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Formerly captive nations freed from Soviet control seemed eager to embrace liberal democracy, capitalism - and substantial subsidies - from their wealthier neighbors.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Formerly captive nations freed from Soviet control seemed eager to embrace liberal democracy, capitalism — and substantial subsidies — from their wealthier neighbors.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 被俘的; 被监禁的; 被关押的; 无法逃离的
n. 战俘，俘虏; 被（爱情等）迷住的人; 自保公司
分布：俘虏(64%)，被俘的(19%)，被迷住的(11%)，迷恋者(6%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，见captive。
俘虏[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
俘虏(capt抓住)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
n.俘虏a.被俘虏的,被监禁的The captive captivated by the apt adaptation rapped the cavity with rapture.被灵巧的改编迷住了的被捕者着迷地敲打空腔.
noun countable
■a person or animal whose ability to move or act freely is limited by being closed in a space; a prisoner, especially a person held by the enemy during a war 囚徒；猎获物；（尤指）战俘
• When the town was recaptured, we found soldiers who had been captives for several years. 夺回该镇后，我们找到了被俘数年的士兵。
hold/take sb captive
■to keep someone as a prisoner or make someone a prisoner 囚禁／俘虏（某人）
• The terrorists were holding several British diplomats captive. 恐怖分子扣押了数名英国外交官。
convict, captive, prisoner
这组词都有“囚犯、俘虏”的意思，其区别是：
convict: 指经判决而在狱中服刑的人。
captive: 指战争中抓到的俘虏，也可作引申用。
prisoner: 指关入监狱的囚犯，包括战俘，也可作引申用。
adj. 被俘虏的；被迷住的
 - spellbound
n. 俘虏；迷恋者
 - prisoner

Word: locality
Front: locality
[ləʊˈkæləti] (研六托雅 11068/5399 -1)
Vocabulary: locality
(once / 439 pages)
n
Use the noun locality when you need an official-sounding way to say "area" or "region." For example, you might say, "I am so pleased to finally have a doughnut shop in my locality."
You're most likely to come across the word locality in a news story or business report. It's a formal way to talk about a neighborhood or a section of town. The mayor might make a speech about crime in a particular locality, or the prevalence of potholes in another locality. The word has been in use since the 1700's, from the Latin word localis, "relating to or belonging to a place."
WORD FAMILY
locality: localities+/delocalize: delocalized/ local: localise, localism, locality, localize, locally, locals/localisation: localisations/localise: localisation, localised, localises, localising/ localism: localisms/localization: localizations/localize: delocalize, localization, localized, localizes, localizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The changes spurred advertising and feature articles on suburban localities, and on food, gardening, entertaining and other topics.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are other limits on Congress’s ability to impose funding conditions on states and localities.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The mayor also wants Connecticut to increase the reimbursement it sends localities for land owned by the state or nonprofits.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 位置; 地区; 产地
分布：地区(40%)，位置(27%)，地点(24%)，方位(9%)
→来自local,当地的，引申词义地方，地点。
位置,所在地(local+ity)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
n.位置,地点Public transport is a big problem in this locality.公共交通是这个地区的大问题.
US [loʊ'kæl.ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a particular area 特定地区
• In 19th-century Britain, industries became concentrated in particular localities. 在19世纪的英国，工业都被集中到了某些特定地区。
setting, site, position, location, scene, locality, place, situation, spot
这组词都有“地点、位置、场所”的意思，其区别是：
setting: 一般特指戏剧或小说所写的环境或场所。
site: 指或大或小的地方，既可指供专门用途或特定活动的地点，又可指某一事件的地址。
position: 多指物体相对于其他物体所处的位置或状态。
location: 指某物设置的方向或地点。
scene: 常指真实事件或虚构故事发生的地点。
locality: 指某物所处的客观位置和周围地区。
place: 含义广泛，最普通用词，既可指很小的地点，又可指很大很远的地方或场所。
situation: 指物体在其周围环境中所处的位置或状态，侧重地点或场所的环境特征。
spot: 指相对较小的特定地点或事物所在地。
n. 所在；位置；地点
 - situation, site, spot, lie, where

Word: diffusion
Front: diffusion
[dɪ'fju:ʒn] (托 11051/12694)
Vocabulary: diffusion
(once / 2817 pages)
n
Diffusion is the act of dispersing something, spreading it out from a central point. When an idea catches on, that's a type of diffusion.
When you spray air freshener and the scent spreads from a tight space to fill a larger one, that's diffusion. In science, diffusion is a physical process of atoms or molecules moving apart within a gas or liquid. You can also use diffusion to describe the spreading of information. Ever notice how a trendy word or band will suddenly be everywhere, even though nobody heard of it last week? That's diffusion. This word means something similar to dispersal and dissemination.
WORD FAMILY
diffusion: diffusions+/ diffuse: diffused, diffusely, diffuseness, diffuser, diffuses, diffusing, diffusion, diffusive, diffusor/diffused: diffusedly/diffuser: diffusers/diffusive: diffusively/diffusor: diffusors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Additives that would change wine viscosity without changing the taste might be used. These results pave the way towards fine tuning of champagne aroma diffusion.”
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Costa has spent years learning to coax such stories out of tiny volcanic crystals with a technique he helped develop, known as diffusion chronometry.
Science Magazine(Nov 17, 2016)
The diffusion of Muruganantham’s innovation across parts of India and elsewhere has earned him global attention as an agent of social change.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 扩散; <物，化>扩散; 传播; <人>（文化等的）传流
分布：扩散(93%)，传播(6%)，散布(1%)
普及;弥漫(diffuse+ion)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
V-ERG
(使）（知识、消息等)传播；（使）散布；（使）普及
If something such as knowledge or information is diffused, or if it diffuses somewhere, it is made known over a wide area or to a lot of people.
例：Over time, the technology is diffused and adopted by other countries.久而久之，这项技术传播到了其他国家并得到利用。
例：...an attempt to diffuse new ideas...传播新思想的尝试
VERB
宣泄，舒缓(尤指不良情绪)
To diffuse a feeling, especially an undesirable one, means to cause it to weaken and lose its power to affect people.
例：The arrival of letters from the Pope did nothing to diffuse the tension.教皇的来信并没有缓解紧张的气氛。
VERB
使(光)漫射;使发散
If something diffuses light, it causes the light to spread weakly in different directions.
例：Diffusing a light also reduces its power...使灯光漫射也会降低其强度。
例：The sun slid behind trees, its last light diffused by wintry branches.太阳躲到了树后，余晖透过冬日的树枝洒落下来。
V-ERG
（使）扩散;（使）弥漫;（使）渗透
To diffuse or be diffused through something means to move and spread through it.
例：It allows nicotine to diffuse slowly and steadily into the bloodstream...它能使尼古丁平稳缓慢地渗透到血液里。
例：It created a glowing centre of warmth that quickly diffused through my limbs...它形成了一个温暖的热源，热量迅速扩散至我的四肢。
ADJ-GRADED
散布的;分散的;弥漫的
Something that is diffuse is not directed towards one place or concentrated in one place but spread out over a large area.
例：...a diffuse community...分散的社群
例：A cold, diffuse light filtered in through the skylight.一道冰冷的光线透过天窗漫射进来。
ADJ-GRADED
含糊不清的;难以理解的
If you describe something as diffuse, you mean that it is vague and difficult to understand or explain.
例：His writing is so diffuse and obscure that it is difficult to make out what it is he is trying to say.他的文章含混晦涩，让人看后不知所云。
n. [电子] [物] 扩散，传播； [光] 漫射
 - circulation, propagation, proliferation, spread

Word: tenuous
Front: tenuous
[ˈtenjuəs] (托宝 11093/13716 -1)
Vocabulary: tenuous
(once / 5708 pages)
adj
If something is tenuous it's thin, either literally or metaphorically. If you try to learn a complicated mathematical concept by cramming for 45 minutes, you will have a tenuous grasp of that concept, at best.
Tenuous comes from the Latin word tenuis, for thin, and is related to our word tender. Something can be physically tenuous, like a spiderweb or ice on a pond. We more often use it in a metaphorical sense, to talk about weak ideas. Tenuous arguments won't win any debate tournaments. Synonyms for tenuous, also used physically or metaphorically, are flimsy and shaky.
WORD FAMILY
tenuous: tenuity, tenuously+/tenuity: tenuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is important to note that the link between Trump and someone like Spencer is tenuous and seemingly unidirectional.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The future of General Manager Les Snead, who signed every one of the players on the roster, also is tenuous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But Islamic State’s toehold in Yemen remains more tenuous than in many of its other territories.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 薄的，细的; 精细的; 稀薄的; 贫乏的
分布：脆弱的(34%)，纤细的(27%)，稀薄的(22%)，贫乏的(12%)，空洞的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 tenuis,拉长的，薄的，细的，来自 ten,展开，词源同 extend,thin,attenuate.引 申词义纤细的，脆弱的等。
稀薄的;细的(tenu+ous)[tenu=thin,表示"细,薄"]
空洞的,稀薄的(ten薄+uous)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】tenu薄，细，ous－细薄的
【参】attenuate（v 使变细薄）；extenuate（v 减轻；掩饰）
【反】substantial（adj 坚固的；充实的）
adjective
■A tenuous connection, idea or situation is weak and possibly does not exist （关系、想法、形势等）不确定的，不明朗的
• We were only able to make a tenuous connection between the two robberies. 我们只能认定这两桩抢劫案之间可能有某些联系。
literary
■thin, weak and easily broken 纤细的，单薄的，脆弱的
adj. 纤细的；稀薄的；贫乏的
 - poor, rare, thin, subtle

Word: wax
Front: wax
[wæks] (高研四六托雅宝 7228/7744 -2)
Vocabulary: wax
(once / 312 pages)
1nv 2v
The verb wax is most often found in the company of its opposite, "wane." To wax is to grow larger or increase, whereas wane means to grow smaller or decrease.
As the moon grows towards fullness, it waxes. It wanes, or diminishes in size, as the new moon approaches. This is the most common context for the verb wax, but it is also used to describe other phenomena that grow or increase, particularly those that are cyclical. Figuratively, if you wax eloquent, lyrical or poetic about something, you talk about it at great length and with growing enthusiasm. The noun wax refers to chemical compounds that can be shaped and molded, for example into candles, when warm.
WORD FAMILY
wax: waxed, waxen, waxes, waxing, waxlike, waxy+/waxed: unwaxed/waxing: waxings/waxy: waxier, waxiest, waxily, waxiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or he might announce the simple act of opening a letter as “Wax! render up thy trust.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
A few years later, at the start of the '90s, they began offering their - as yet unnamed - extreme bikini wax.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He’s not the fastest - Miller doesn’t even wax his skis.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 蜡，蜡状物; 耳垢，耳屎; （鞋匠用的）擦线蜡; 增大
vt. 给…打蜡，给…上蜡; 渐渐变大; 变为; （月亮）渐圆，渐盈
vi. 给…上蜡，给…涂蜡; 把…灌制唱片; 用热蜡除去毛发
adj. 蜡制的，似蜡的
时态：waxed, waxing, waxes
分布：蜡(96%)，蜂蜡(3%)，变圆(1%)
→来自wokso,蜡。wax 渐强
n.蜡,蜂蜡v.打蜡Axe the tax on taxis. Wax may relax the body.削减出租车的税费.蜂蜡可以使身体放松.
【反】flag（v 衰弱）；decrease（v 减少）；waste away（减弱）；wane（v 衰落；n 月亏）
noun uncountable
■a solid substance containing a lot of fat that softens and melts when warm 蜡
• She watched the wax as it dripped down the side of the candle. 她注视着蜡从蜡烛边缘滴落下来。
⇒ See also beeswax
■the soft yellowish substance inside your ears 耳屎，耳垢
[wæks] verb
SUBSTANCE 物质
transitive
■to put a thin layer of wax on the surface of something, either to make it waterproof or to improve its appearance 给…上（或打）蜡
• I've waxed the floor so I'm afraid it's a bit slippery. 我刚给地板打了蜡，所以恐怕会有点滑。
[wæks] verb
MOON 月亮
intransitive formal
■When the moon waxes, it gradually appears larger and rounder each day. （月亮）渐圆，渐满
[wæks] verb
SPEAK 说／写
wax lyrical/eloquent, etc. old use or formal
■to speak or write in the stated way 热情洋溢／滔滔不绝地说（或写）等
• My mother, a Spaniard, always used to wax lyrical about the lemon trees in the family garden. 我母亲是西班牙人，过去总是会深情地谈起她家中花园里的那些柠檬树。
[wæks] verb
wax and wane
■to grow stronger and then weaker again 兴衰荣枯；盛衰
• His commitment to democracy and free markets has waxed and waned with his political fortunes. 他对民主和自由市场的热情随着他自己政治命运的起伏而时强时弱。
vi. 月亮渐满；增大
 - increase, make
adj. [轻] 蜡制的；似蜡的
 - waxen

Word: misty
Front: misty
[ˈmɪsti] (11095/11910 -1)
Vocabulary: misty
(once / 921 pages)
adj
When it's misty out, there's a heavy fog. The air is thick with moisture, and there's just barely a light rain.
When the air is foggy or hazy, you've got a misty situation. It isn't easy to see through misty weather, which happens most often in the morning because of moisture in the air. Your eyes can get misty too, when you're about to cry because you're sad or just have allergies. In fact, people who are embarrassed about crying will often joke, "It's getting misty in here."
WORD FAMILY
misty: mistier, mistiest, mistily, mistiness+/ mist: misted, misting, mists, misty /mistiness: mistinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the finished film — lent a brooding quality by its stark landscapes; misty, desaturated palette; and figures often seen in silhouette — his influence is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But at least we owe the band for the far more interesting Father John Misty, its former drummer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If the day is hazy, McKim finds every misty color at play in both his foregrounds and vanishing points.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 多雾的，被雾笼罩的; 模糊的; （眼睛）泪汪汪的; 无知识的
级别：mistier, mistiest
分布：模糊的(42%)，有雾的(40%)，朦胧的(18%)
→来自mist,薄雾。
adjective
WEATHER 天气
 ADVANCED
■In misty weather, there is mist in the air which makes it difficult to see into the distance 雾的；有雾的；多雾的
• The morning will start off misty. 早上开始时会有雾。
['mɪs.ti] adjective
GLASS 玻璃
■describes glass or a similar surface that is covered with a mist which makes it difficult to see through 雾气覆盖的；蒙有水汽的
• The windscreen is all misty. 挡风玻璃上水汽迷蒙。
adj. 模糊的；有雾的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: collage
Front: collage
[ˈkɒlɑ:ʒ] (宝 11120/15948 -1)
Vocabulary: collage
(once / 11376 pages)
n
Have you ever cut out a bunch of pictures from magazines and pasted them together to make a big picture? If you have, you have made a collage.
Collage came to English through French from the Greek word for glue, kolla, about 100 years ago. A collage is not only made from magazine pictures. In the world of fine art, it refers to a work made with various small objects sometimes with paint sometimes without. The word can also be used to mean a collection of different things. If it's very loud in your house, you might come home to a collage of sounds from the dog, the TV, your mom on the phone and your brother on the guitar. Years after you graduate, high school might just seem like a collage of memories.
WORD FAMILY
collage: collages
USAGE EXAMPLES
In lesser hands, that might add up to a distracting collage, but in Min’s and Day’s, the result is both dazzling and cohesive.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
People ask where I get my collage materials even though it’s all paint.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He’s now got 82 people on the collage.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 拼贴画; 大杂烩; 拼贴艺术
vt. 拼贴; 把…创作成拼贴画
vi. 制作拼贴
分布：拼贴(76%)，拼贴画(22%)，杂烩(2%)
→coll, 胶，词源同cling, glue, 指粘到一起的画。
【记】college（n 学院）collage是college的一门课程
US ['kɑ:.lɑ:ʒ] noun countable or uncountable
■(the art of making) a picture in which various materials or objects, for example paper, cloth or photographs, are stuck onto a larger surface 拼贴画；拼贴艺术
• The children made a collage of postcards. 孩子用明信片制作了一幅拼贴画。
Compare assemblage

Word: underside
Front: underside
[ˈʌndəsaɪd] (11090/9970 -1)
Back: n. 下侧; 下部表面; 底面; 阴暗面
分布：下面(83%)，阴暗面(17%)
US [-dɚ-] noun countable usually singular
■the side of something that is usually nearest the ground 下面；底部
• The car had turned over in the ditch, and its underside was covered in oil and mud. 车翻倒在沟里了，车底上满是油污和泥巴。
n. 下面；阴暗面
 - dark side, dark face

Word: splendor
Front: splendor
['splendə] (托宝 10786/-)
Vocabulary: splendor
(once / 555 pages)
n
The noun splendor refers to something that is magnificent or grand. If your prom was held in a luxurious ballroom with elegant decor, you might note the splendor of the setting.
The noun splendor has its roots in the Latin word splendere, which means bright. Splendid, splendiferous, and resplendent are all related adjectives used to describe grand, magnificent, and brilliant things. Splendor usually has the connotation of luxury or quality, as in "the splendor of Balmoral castle," or "the splendor of the view at the Grand Canyon."
WORD FAMILY
splendor: splendors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, at the moment a heavenly host of angels was supposed to emerge in divine splendor, nothing happened.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The Rockefeller Center tree in all its splendor, right there.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But the most important thing about this epiphany was not the arboreal splendor itself, but the Lord’s appointment on earth: The Christmas Tree Whisperer.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 华丽; 壮丽; 光辉; 显赫
分布：辉煌(35%)，光辉(27%)，壮丽(24%)，显赫(14%)
光辉,光彩[splend=shine,表示"发光"]
【参】splendiferous（adj 了不起的；极好的）
【反】squalor（n 肮脏；贫穷）
n. 光彩；壮丽；显赫
 - gloss, grandeur

Word: falling
Front: falling
['fɔ:lɪŋ] (11099/11091)
Vocabulary: falling
(once / 111 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's falling is dropping or plummeting. Falling snow is drifting down from the sky to the ground.
If you see a sign that says, "Caution: Falling Ice!" it means you should watch out, because ice is breaking off the building above and dropping to the sidewalk below. On the other hand, if you are preparing for falling temperatures, you're getting ready for the number on the thermometer to decrease, or go down. Falling prices at your favorite store are like this too, getting lower or going down.
WORD FAMILY
fall: fallen, faller, falling, falls, fell +/faller: fallers/ fell: felled, feller, felling, fells/feller: fellers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roof believed segregation needed to return to keep white people from falling to the level of blacks.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lions: Falling to Packers twice, especially in season finale to lose NFC North title.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mills said, “That’s where Miranda’s a savior. I felt dumb that I was falling for the competition.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 落下; 坠落; 下降; 陷落
adj. 落下的，下降的
v. 降低( fall的现在分词 ); 来临; 成为; 降落
分布：下降(42%)，落下的(22%)，坠落(18%)，下降的(17%)，动词fall的现在分词.(1%)
US [fɑ:-] adjective
■describes something that is becoming lower in size, amount or strength （规模、数量或力量）下降的，正在减少的
• falling birth/interest rates 下降的出生率／利率
• falling standards 下降的标准
adj. 下降的；落下的
 - downward, katabatic
n. 下降；落下；陷落
 - reduction, decline, drop
v. 落下（fall的ing形式）
 - dropping

Word: relational
Front: relational
[rɪˈleɪʃənl] (11135/7483)
Back: adj. 亲属的，相关的，有关的
分布：亲属的(67%)，有关系的(33%)
adj. 相关的；亲属的
 - correlative, pertinent

Word: perjury
Front: perjury
[ˈpɜ:dʒəri] (托宝 11196/25111)
Vocabulary: perjury
(once / 2388 pages)
n
Perjury is the act of deliberately lying under oath. A defendant in a murder trial commits perjury when he swears he never met the murder victim before, even though he had a two-year relationship with her.
Although the word perjury contains jury, members of the jury aren't likely to commit perjury, because they're not under oath and haven't sworn to be truthful. A witness in a trial can commit perjury by willfully lying about facts related to the case. Perjury isn't just a little white lie. It's a crime that can land the person who commits it in jail.
WORD FAMILY
perjury: perjuries+/ perjure: perjured, perjurer, perjures, perjuring, perjury /perjurer: perjurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That opened the path to his impeachment on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The second apparent case of perjury is more recent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Diamond McWoods was booked on charges of perjury, tampering with a witness and false swearing.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 假誓，伪证，伪证罪
分布：伪证罪(67%)，伪誓(20%)，背信弃义(13%)
→来自perjure,作伪证，发假誓。
伪证,假誓(per+jur发誓＋y→假发誓;参考:jury陪审团)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
假誓;伪证(per假+jury→假发誓)[jur,juris=swear,law,表示"发誓,法律"]
【参】jury（n 陪审团）
【反】truthful deposition（真实的作证）
US ['pɝ:.dʒɚ-] legal
noun uncountable
■the crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truth 伪证罪
• She was sentenced to two years in jail for committing perjury (= telling lies in a law court). 她因犯伪证罪而被判两年徒刑。
n. [法] 伪证；伪誓；背信弃义
 - Punic faith, perfidy

Word: hanger
Front: hanger
[ˈhæŋə(r)] (11096/12194 -1)
Vocabulary: hanger
(once / 5940 pages)
n
A device you use to hang something, like clothing, is a hanger. When your brother drops his jacket on the floor, you might remind him to put it on a hanger and hang it up in the closet.
Clothes and coat hangers are common, often made from metal or wood that's bent into a triangular shape. Other hangers include picture hangers and plant hangers — really, anything from which you can hang something is a hanger. A person who does the hanging — hanging your new wallpaper, for example — is another kind of hanger. Be careful not to confuse these hangers with a hangar, which is a garage where airplanes are kept.
WORD FAMILY
hanger: hangers+/ hang: hanged, hanger, hanging, hangs, hung, overhang/hanging: hangings/hung: underhung/overhang: overhanging, overhangs, overhung
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So remove dry cleaning bags and hang only one item per hanger.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In the back of the building, under hangers strewn with blouses, pants, wedding dresses and blankets, I talked with Amy and Mark about stains.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Three years later, he was burning it on a coat hanger in his video for “Freedom ’90.”
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 衣架; 挂钩; 挂东西的人; 绞刑执行者
分布：衣架(79%)，挂钩(18%)，悬挂物(3%)
→来自hang,悬挂。引申词义衣架。
【区】hangar（n 飞机库）
US [-ɚ] noun [C or] (also clothes hanger) (coat hanger)
■a curved piece of wire, wood or plastic on which clothes are hung while they are being stored 衣架
n. 衣架；挂钩；绞刑执行者
 - clothes rack, coathanger

Word: shingle
Front: shingle
[ˈʃɪŋgl] (托宝 11117/15420 -1)
Vocabulary: shingle
(once / 1445 pages)
nv
A shingle is a thin piece of wood used in making a roof or a signboard outside an office, especially a doctor’s or lawyer's. If you’re opening a business, hang your shingle outside so people can find you.
One kind of shingle is a rectangular piece of wood or other material used to make a roof. The other is a type of small sign outside an office that shows someone is ready to see clients, patients, or other types of customers. The word shingle is from the Latin scindere for "to split,” as in splitting wood, and whatever you do with a shingle, it’s a small flat hunk of wood.
WORD FAMILY
shingle: shingled, shingler, shingles, shingling, shingly+/shingler: shinglers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The shingle beach, edged by wild green plants of all types, stretches toward a broad estuary.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The old cedar roof was removed and replaced with treated cedar shingles.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
They also see specialists who are more focused on cardiology or oncology than on flu and shingles.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 鹅卵石; 木瓦板; 小招牌
vt. 用木瓦板盖（屋顶）; 把（女子头发）剪短
时态：shingled, shingling, shingles
分布：木瓦(42%)，屋顶板(22%)，砂砾(11%)，锻铁(5%)，挤压(5%)，小圆石(5%)，盖以木瓦(5%)，女子短发式样(5%)
→来自拉丁语 scindula,木板，薄板，屋顶板，来自 scindere,分开，切开，来自 skei,分开， 切开，词源同 shin,shed.-le,小词后缀。引申词义招牌。shingle 卵石滩
【记】shin＝shine，gle：发光的招牌/木头瓦片天天接受shine。
noun
STONES 石头
uncountable
■small round stones that cover a beach or the ground by the edge of a river （海滩或河岸上的）卵石；沙砾
• a shingle beach 沙石海滩
• I love the noise of the waves on the shingle. 我喜欢听海浪打在卵石上的声音。
['ʃɪŋ.gl] noun
PIECE 片
countable
■a thin flat tile usually made of wood, that is fixed in rows to make a roof or wall covering （通常用木头制成的）木瓦，屋顶板，墙板
['ʃɪŋ.gl] noun
DISEASE 疾病
shingles
uncountable
■a disease caused by a virus that infects particular nerves and that produces a line or lines of painful red spots, especially around the waist 带状疱疹
n. 墙面板； [建] 木瓦；小招牌（尤指医生或律师挂的营业招牌）；鹅卵石
 - wallplate, cobble-stone

Word: knowingly
Front: knowingly
[ˈnəʊɪŋli] (11110/11288 -1)
Back: adv. 会意地; 故意地; 狡黠地，机警地; “knowing”的派生
分布：故意地(56%)，会意地(44%)
→来自know,知道。即知道的，引申词义故意的，蓄意的。
US ['noʊ-] adverb
■in a way that shows you know about something 会意地；知情地
• She smiled knowingly at him. 她会意地向他笑了笑。
■If you do something knowingly, you do it knowing what will be its likely effect 故意地，蓄意地
• I've never knowingly offended him. 我从未蓄意冒犯过他。
adv. 故意地；机警地，狡黠地
 - deliberately, intentionally

Word: canister
Front: canister
[ˈkænɪstə(r)] (11129/20642 -1)
Vocabulary: canister
(once / 4573 pages)
n
A canister is a small container with a lid, often made of metal. You might keep a canister of sugar in your kitchen next to a canister of tea.
Typically, a canister is round and has a fitted lid — while kitchen canisters are usually metal, the canisters that hold a roll of camera film are made of plastic. In the 15th century, the word meant "basket," from the Latin canistrum, "wicker basket," with its Greek root kanystron, "basket made of reeds." The meaning of canister probably changed to "metal container" because of the word can.
WORD FAMILY
canister: canisters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan is to inject the liquid radioactive waste so that it coats the tiny particles that would ultimately be sealed in stainless-steel canisters.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Young men waved their 100-bolivar bills in the air and chanted “They’re useless,” then turned and ran as police fired tear gas canisters.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Marsh drove to an Army-surplus store and bought a knife, a canister of Mace and a fire extinguisher.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （通常为金属的）小罐（装茶叶、咖啡等）; 霰弹筒; 滤毒罐
分布：罐(68%)，筒(22%)，防毒面具的滤毒罐(7%)，霰弹筒(3%)
→词源同can, cane.
US [-stɚ] noun countable
■a metal, usually cylindrical, container for gases or dry things 霰弹筒；金属罐
• The police fired tear gas canisters into the crowd. 员警向人群施放催泪弹。
n. 筒；（放咖啡，茶叶，烟等的） [包装] 小罐；防毒面具的滤毒罐
 - cannikin, canakin

Word: reassuring
Front: reassuring
[ˌri:əˈʃʊərɪŋ] (11105/9693 -1)
Vocabulary: reassuring
(once / 1206 pages)
adj
Something reassuring comforts or inspires you. A reassuring smile can help to calm a nervous speaker who's about to give a speech.
When you're anxious about singing in the talent show, some reassuring words from your best friend or your dad's reassuring hug can make you feel much more relaxed and confident. And fearful flyers sometimes find the calm voice of the captain reassuring. This adjective comes from the verb reassure, or "restore to confidence," which adds re-, or "again," to assure, which has the Latin root securus, "safe or secure."
WORD FAMILY
reassuring: reassuringly, unreassuring+/ assurance: assurances, self-assurance/ assure: assurance, assured, assures, assuring, reassure / assured: assuredest, assuredly, assuredness, self-assured, unassured/ assuring: assuringly/reassurance: reassurances/ reassure: reassurance, reassured, reassures, reassuring / reassured: reassuredly/unreassuring: unreassuringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obviously, this reassuring vision no longer describes the real world, if it ever did.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A reassuring lady with a motherly voice talks me down.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
I’ll leave that to further rounds and retreat to the reassuring order of a list.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人安心的; 鼓气的; 可靠的
vt. reassure的现在分词
分布：安心的(88%)，动词reassure的现在分词.(6%)，宽慰鼓励的(6%)
【反】minatory（adj 威胁的）；formidable（adj 可怕的；艰难的）
US [-'ʃʊr.ɪŋ] adjective
 ADVANCED
■making you feel less worried 令人感到宽慰的；使人安心的；使人放心的
• He smiled at me in a reassuring way. 他对我笑了笑，我感到心里踏实多了。
adj. 安心的；可靠的；鼓气的
 - responsible, honest, reliable, tried, safe

Word: strikingly
Front: strikingly
['straɪkɪŋlɪ] (托 11101/11185)
Back: adv. 醒目地，引人侧目地; 斐然可观
分布：引人注目地(30%)，突出地(28%)，显著地(28%)，惊人地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
引人注目的;异乎寻常的;显著的
Something that is striking is very noticeable or unusual.
例：The most striking feature of those statistics is the high proportion of suicides...那些统计数据最引人注目之处是其极高的自杀率。
例：He bears a striking resemblance to Lenin.他酷似列宁。
ADJ-GRADED
妩媚动人的;标致的;俊秀的
Someone who is striking is very attractive, in a noticeable way.
例：She was a striking woman with long blonde hair.她是个留着金色长发的俏女郎。
adv. 显著地；突出地，引人注目地
 - remarkably, notably, dramatically, prominently, markedly

Word: meticulous
Front: meticulous
[məˈtɪkjələs] (托雅宝 11107/11166 -1)
Vocabulary: meticulous
(once / 3383 pages)
adj
People who are meticulous can be pretty annoying, what with their extreme attention to detail. But if that person is, say, your surgeon or your accountant, you'll want them to be meticulous.
The Latin root of meticulous is metus, which means "fear," so it's easy to see how eventually meticulous got its meaning. Someone who's meticulous is afraid of what will happen if they're not careful enough to get every detail right. "Detail oriented" and "perfectionist" are other ways of describing someone who cares deeply about the small things and about getting things exactly right, every time. Concert pianists must be meticulous, because audiences are always listening for wrong notes.
WORD FAMILY
meticulous: meticulosity, meticulously, meticulousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
"He is so meticulous in his preparation that I expect him to play pretty terrific tennis pretty quickly," he added.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Although he struggles with folding the fitted sheets, he is meticulous, lining up the edges just so.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
That was a mere cameo compared to her passionate and meticulous work in “20th Century Women,” a movie that truly revolves around her.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨小慎微的; 过度重视细节的
分布：一丝不苟的(82%)，缜密的(18%)
→来自拉丁语metus,恐惧，害怕，忧虑。即充满恐惧的，后引申词义谨慎的，小心翼翼的。
【记】meticul胆小害怕的，ous多－害怕多－谨小慎微的me我，ticu提裤，lous：我在提裤子的时候是小心的。
adjective approving
■very careful and with great attention to every detail 严谨的，一丝不苟的；非常注意细节的
• Many hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book. 为写此书，投入了大量时间细心做前期准备。
adj. 一丝不苟的；小心翼翼的；拘泥小节的
 - punctilious, wary of

Word: pedagogical
Front: pedagogical
[ˌpedə'ɡɒdʒɪkl] (托 11098/27299)
Vocabulary: pedagogical
(once / 14258 pages)
adj
Anything that relates to teaching is pedagogical. If your teacher has pedagogical dreams all night long, even in sleep, his mind is in the classroom.
The adjective pedagogical, pronounced "peh-duh-GAH-gi-cal," comes from the Greek word paidagōgikos meaning “teacher.” If it's pedagogical, it concerns teaching, from lesson plans to approaches to teaching, even how the classroom looks — in rooms where the teacher's pedagogical philosophy is that students learn better when they work collaboratively, desks may be pushed together so four students can sit in their groups.
WORD FAMILY
pedagogy: pedagogic, pedagogical, pedagogies+/pedagogic: pedagogically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cartoon George is far more explicitly pedagogical than the original monkey.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
"Computers will be strictly pedagogical and anyway," smirks one interior ministry official, "the signal here is terrible."
BBC(Sep 24, 2016)
Defanged debate bears an uncomfortable resemblance to what’s known as Circle Time, a pedagogical practice that begins in preschool and can last through high school.
The New Yorker(Sep 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 教师的，适宜于教师的，教学（法）的(pedagogical); 师范
分布：形容词(100%)
ADJ
教学法的；教育学的
Pedagogical means concerning the methods and theory of teaching.
例：...the pedagogical methods used in the classroom.课堂上使用的教学法

Word: foul
Front: foul
[faʊl] (研六托雅宝 7712/6849 -2)
Vocabulary: foul
(once / 262 pages)
1adjv 2adjnv 3adj 4adj 5adj
Foul is most commonly used as an adjective to describe a bad smell. As a verb, foul usually means “make dirty or messy.” You might foul your room to the point where it smells a bit foul.
In general, foul can be used as an adjective meaning "bad." Foul luck is bad luck; a foul day is a bad day. As a verb, foul can mean "break the rules." It’s used this way in sports, like when you commit a foul on the basketball court. The phrase "foul play" can be used in the context of sports or more generally, to indicate unfair or violent behavior. Avoid confusing foul with fowl, which refers to birds, especially chickens.
WORD FAMILY
foul: fouled, fouler, foulest, fouling, foully, foulness, fouls+/foulness: foulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
County police are investigating but do not suspect foul play, according to a statement on the county’s Facebook page.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
He was fouled on the play but his free throw with 0.9 seconds left was short.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the Nettuno picture fell foul of the social media giant’s privacy policies, the Daily Telegraph reported.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. [体]违反规则的，犯规的; 邪恶的; 难闻的，有恶臭的; 下流的
vt. & vi. 纠缠，纠结; [体]违反规则的
vt. 弄脏，使污秽; 使纠缠; 使阻塞
vi. 腐烂; 缠结
n. 犯规; 缠结; 碰撞
adv. 不正当地，犯规地; 碰撞地; 争执不和地
时态：fouled, fouling, fouls
分布：犯规(74%)，犯规的(8%)，恶劣的(5%)，邪恶的(4%)，弄脏(3%)，恶臭的(3%)，污秽的(2%)，妨碍(1%)
→来自pu, 腐烂，发臭，词源同pus, putrid. 可能来自人们闻到臭味时发出的声音。
a.污秽的;邪恶的v.弄脏;妨害;犯规n.犯规It was foul of him to betray her. = He was foul to betray her.他背叛她,真是卑鄙.
adjective
■extremely unpleasant 极其令人不快的；恶劣的
• Those toilets smell foul! 那些卫生间太难闻了！
• I've had a foul day at work. 我今天工作上很不顺利。
• Why are you in such a foul mood this morning? 你今天早晨的情绪怎么这么糟糕？
• What foul weather! 多糟糕的天气啊！
■describes speech or other language that is offensive, rude or shocking （言语或语言）脏话连篇的，粗鲁的，下流的
• There's too much foul language on TV these days. 如今电视上脏话连篇。
[faʊl] noun countable
■an act which is against the rules of a sport, often causing injury to another player 犯规
• He was sent off for a foul on the French captain. 他因对法国队队长犯规而被罚下场。
[faʊl] verb
MAKE DIRTY 弄脏
transitive formal
■to ruin or damage something by making it dirty 弄脏；污染
• Penalty for dogs fouling the pavement - £50. 狗在人行道便溺——罚款50英镑。
[faʊl] verb
SPORT 体育运动
intransitive or transitive
■to do something against the rules of a sport, often causing injury to another player 犯规
[faʊl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] foul (sth) up informal
■to spoil something by making a mistake or doing something stupid 搞砸，搞糟
• I don't want David organizing this party after the way he fouled things up last year. 去年大卫把派对搞砸了，今年的派对我不想让他筹划。
nasty, dirty, foul
这组词都有“脏的，污秽的”的意思，其区别是：
nasty: 主要指特别讲究清洁的人感到讨厌的东西。
dirty: 普通用词，泛指被玷污或弄脏。
foul: 指由于腐烂、恶臭等造成的不干净，令人恶心。
adj. 犯规的；邪恶的；污秽的；淤塞的
 - evil, ill, black, ugly, dirty
vt. 犯规；弄脏；淤塞；缠住，妨害
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty
vi. 犯规；腐烂；缠结
 - break rules, rot away
n. 犯规；缠绕
 - illegality
adv. 违反规则地，不正当地
 - wrong, unlawfully

Word: refute
Front: refute
[rɪˈfju:t] (研四六托宝 11103/11177 -1)
Vocabulary: refute
(once / 988 pages)
v
The verb refute is to prove that something is wrong. When the kids you're babysitting swear they brushed their teeth, you can refute their claim by presenting the dry toothbrushes.
Evidence and arguments are used to refute something. So are facts. For example, if children who eat chocolate before going to bed go straight to sleep, that refutes the idea that sugar keeps them up. Refute comes from the Latin refutare for "to check, suppress." A near synonym is confute, but save refute as an everyday word for proving something is false.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
rebut / refute
To rebut is to try to prove something isn't true, but to refute is to actually prove it isn't. Getting them mixed up won't get you kicked out of the debate club, but it's worth knowing the difference.
‎To rebut is more than just "to deny," it's a serious attempt to prove something is false. If you rebut something, you haven't necessarily won the argument; you've only presented your side of it:
A Jesuit priest has taken to YouTube and his blog to rebut arguments raised by British physicist Stephen Hawking. (Catholic News Service)
Baldwin has used his Twitter account to rebut criticism. (Washington Post)
Refute means to disprove something straight up. If you refute something, you successfully win the argument:
The hearing was unfortunately based on hearsay evidence that we were not able to refute by cross-examining anyone. (Eagle Tribune)
Daly refuted the report Monday, saying that only one general manager had expressed concern. (New York Times)
So, if you try to defeat an accusation, you rebut it. You still need to butt in again, so you re-but, as in "But wait! I can still prove it!" If you actually defeat the accusation, you have refuted it.
WORD FAMILY
refute: refutable, refutation, refuted, refuter, refutes, refuting+/ irrefutable: irrefutably/refutable: irrefutable / refutation: refutations/refuter: refuters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The funds will be used to refute disinformation and media manipulation.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet those same readers may not hear about other research that tends to refute the initial concerns.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The data that scientists are rushing to preserve clearly refutes those who say there is no warming — hence the urgency to protect the information.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 驳斥，驳倒; 否认真实性
时态：refuted, refuting, refutes
分布：反驳(45%)，驳斥(36%)，驳倒(19%)
→re-,向后，往回，-fut,击，打，词源同 rebut,beat.引申词义反驳，驳斥。字母 b,f 音变。
反驳,驳斥(re反+fule[=fuse]→反流→反驳)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
v.反驳,驳斥I acutely and resolutely refuted the brutal persecution of mute commuter.我尖锐而坚决反驳默默的通勤者的野蛮的迫害.
【记】re反，fute打－反打－反驳
【反】prove＝verify（v 证明）；affirm（v 断言；确认）
[rɪ'fju:t] formal
verb transitive
■to say or prove that a person, statement, opinion, etc. is wrong or false 驳斥；反驳；否认…的正确性（或真实性）
• to refute a person/theory/argument/claim 驳斥一个人／理论／论点／说法
refute, deny, contradict, oppose
这组词都有“否定，否认”的意思，其区别是：
refute: 语气较强，强调凭推理或证据驳斥一项主张或言论。
deny: 普通用词，侧重否认意见或言论的真实性，尤指否定他人的指控或责难。
contradict: 指肯定地否认、反对或反驳某事，坚持相反的意见。
oppose: 普通的广泛用词。指不作争论或不提出论据而无理由地反对；也指任何温和、有理由的反对或否定。
vt. 反驳，驳斥；驳倒
 - disprove, redargue

Word: spontaneously
Front: spontaneously
[spɒn'teɪnɪəslɪ] (托 11104/8862)
Vocabulary: spontaneously
(once / 1964 pages)
adv
When you do something spontaneously, you do it on a whim, without preparing for it or giving it much thought. If your math teacher spontaneously breaks into a tap dance, it will surprise the whole class.
Spontaneously belting out a song on the subway is very different from practicing over many weeks for a choral concert solo. Things that happen spontaneously aren't planned: improvisation in music or theater, for example, happens spontaneously. Spontaneously comes from the adjective spontaneous, with its Late Latin root spontaneus, "willing," or "of one's free will."
WORD FAMILY
spontaneous: spontaneity, spontaneously, spontaneousness+/ spontaneity: spontaneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Being prompted to enter into an inner dialogue in an fMRI machine is not the same as spontaneously debating with oneself at the kitchen table.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“The laws of gravity and quantum theory allow universes to appear spontaneously from nothing,” he explained.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Discontent spread more spontaneously a few days later when the government proposed restricting the movement of journalists in parliament.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 自然地，自发地，不由自主地; 不禁; 油然
分布：自发地(51%)，自然产生地(33%)，自生地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
(行为)自然的，自发的
Spontaneous acts are not planned or arranged, but are done because someone suddenly wants to do them.
例：Diana's house was crowded with happy people whose spontaneous outbursts of song were accompanied by lively music...戴安娜的家里挤满了兴奋的人们，他们伴着欢快的音乐不由自主地引吭高歌。
例：I joined in the spontaneous applause.我跟着也自然而然地鼓起掌来。
ADJ
自然的，自发的(指由于内部原因而非外界影响所引起的)
A spontaneous event happens because of processes within something rather than being caused by things outside it.
例：I had another spontaneous miscarriage at around the 16th to 18th week.我在大约第 16 至 18 孕周时又经历了一次自然流产。
例：...a spontaneous explosion.自爆
adv. 自发地；自然地；不由自主地
 - naturally, in spite of oneself

Word: crank
Front: crank
[kræŋk] (六 8650/18797 -1)
Vocabulary: crank
(once / 1188 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4adj
To crank is to turn or rotate something using a handle or lever. The earliest automobiles required drivers to crank the engine before they could climb in and start driving.
You might crank a paper towel machine in a restroom to unspool the towels, or crank a music box to start it up — in either case, you're turning a handle, which is also called a crank. You can also say that you crank up the engine when you start your car, even though you're not literally turning or winding anything. A completely different kind of crank is a grouchy, opinionated person. This last meaning comes from cranky.
WORD FAMILY
crank: cranked, cranking, crankly, cranks, cranky +/crankiness: crankinesses/ cranky: crankier, crankiest, crankily, crankiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It has actually been cranking away for a while now, going back to the late-summer film festivals.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s a racist, white-nationalist, pseudo-intellectual agglomeration of cranks and bigots that now has a direct line to the Oval Office.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
And with a weak yen and rising stock market helping Japan's companies, he faces no discernible cries to crank up spending.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. [机]曲柄; 妙语，奇想; 〈美俚〉想法古怪的人; 〈口〉脾气乖戾的人
vt. 转动曲柄移动; 使弯曲; 给…装上用于转动的曲柄; 转动曲柄开动（引擎）
adj. 奇异的，古怪的; 易怒的
时态：cranked, cranking, cranks
分布：曲柄(88%)，脾气坏的人(3%)，古怪的(1%)，奇异的(1%)，用曲柄启动或转动(1%)，摇晃的(1%)，古怪行为(1%)，快速制作(1%)，有怪癖的人(1%)，妙语(1%)，松动的(1%)
→来自ger, 转，弯，围，词源同cramp, crook. 即脑袋打弯的，跟别人想的不一样的。
【记】cra＝cry哭，rank＝bank银行，在银行门口哭－古怪的人
noun
STRANGE PERSON 怪人
countable informal
■a person who has strange or unusual ideas and beliefs 怪人，古怪的人
[kræŋk] noun
UNPLEASANT PERSON 讨厌的人
countable US informal
■an unpleasant and easily annoyed person 讨厌的人；坏脾气的人
• She's always a crank first thing in the morning. 她早上一起来总爱发脾气。
[kræŋk] noun
EQUIPMENT 设备
countable
■a device which causes movement between parts of a machine or which changes backward and forward movement into circular movement 曲柄，曲轴
• a crank handle 曲柄把手
[kræŋk] noun
DRUG 药品
uncountable US
■a type of illegal drug 一种非法药品
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth out US informal
■to produce something with no special care or effort 草草生产
• Like clockwork, he cranks out a new book every year. 像钟表那么精准，他每年随便就出一部新书。
[kræŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crank sth up informal
■to increase or improve something 增加；改善
• crank up the volume/pressure 调高音量／增加压力
n. [机] 曲柄；奇想
 - whim, vagary
adj. 易怒的
 - irascible, passionate

Word: pee
Front: pee
[pi:] (11106/21093 -1)
Vocabulary: pee
(once / 13906 pages)
vn
Pee is an informal but common word that means "to urinate." Of all the slang words for bodily functions, this is one of the least offensive.
Though it's not very naughty to talk about peeing or taking a pee, this term is a little childish. However, saying "I have to take a peepee!" or "My dog is going number one" are even more childish. No one will blink when you say you have to pee, but they're probably not thrilled to get this information either. Unless something in particular about peeing needs to be discussed, it's best to just say, "I have to go to the bathroom."
WORD FAMILY
pee: peed, peeing, pees, peing
Back: vi. 小便，撒尿
n. 小便，尿
时态：peed, peeing, pees
分布：小便(100%)
→来自piss委婉语或儿语。
verb intransitive or transitive informal for
■ urinate
[pi:] noun informal
uncountable
■urine 尿
only singular
■when you urinate 小便
• I must go for/must have a pee. 我必须去小便。
n. 尿；撒尿
 - urine, emiction
vi. 撒尿
 - urinate, piddle
vt. 小便
 - pass water, make water

Word: sympathize
Front: sympathize
[ˈsɪmpəθaɪz] (研四六托 11121/14925 -1)
Vocabulary: sympathize
(once / 678 pages)
v
When you sympathize, you care about how someone else feels during a time of trouble. If you sympathize with your brother, whose best friend is moving away, you understand why he's feeling sad.
When you sympathize, you care, so you might sympathize with the victims of an earthquake in a foreign country or a child who's waiting for her turn on a merry-go-round. Sympathize comes from the Greek sympathes, have a fellow feeling for. It's sometimes confused with empathize, which means putting yourself in someone else's shoes, rather than simply caring about them.
WORD FAMILY
sympathize: sympathized, sympathizer, sympathizes, sympathizing+/ sympathetic: sympathetically, unsympathetic/sympathise: sympathised, sympathiser, sympathises, sympathising/sympathiser: sympathisers/sympathising: unsympathising/ sympathizer: sympathizers/sympathizing: unsympathizing/ sympathy: sympathetic, sympathies, sympathise, sympathize /unsympathetic: unsympathetically/unsympathizing: unsympathizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We sympathize with the victims and their families.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
"We sympathize with the victims and their families."
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
“But I also sympathize with him. He was also forced into doing what he did.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 同情，怜悯; 共鸣，同感; 支持，赞成; 安慰
时态：sympathized, sympathizing, sympathizes
分布：同情(87%)，同感(8%)，赞成(5%)
v.(sympathise)(with)同情;共鸣,同感;赞成He sympathized with me in my troubles.他在我困难时同情我.
(UK usually sympathise) ['sɪm.pə.θaɪz] verb intransitive
UNDERSTAND 理解
■to understand and care about someone's problems 同情，体谅，怜悯
• I know what it's like to have migraines, so I do sympathize (with you). 我知道偏头痛有多难受，所以我真的很同情你。
(UK usually sympathise) ['sɪm.pə.θaɪz] verb intransitive
SUPPORT 支持
■to support and agree with someone or something 支持
• I sympathize with the general aims of the party, but on this particular issue I'm afraid I disagree. 我支持这个党派的总目标，但在这个特殊议题上，恐怕不能苟同。
vi. 同情，怜悯；支持
 - support of, feel for

Word: iris
Front: iris
[ˈaɪrɪs] (9741/7368 -1)
Vocabulary: iris
(once / 1158 pages)
1n 2n
Your iris is the colored part of your eye that surrounds the black pupil in the center. If your irises are brown, you can say you have brown eyes.
The job of the iris is to determine how large or small the pupil is, depending on the amount of light available. Your iris protects your eye's retina, by controlling how much light reaches it, and helps you to see. Another kind of iris is a bright flower with long, spiky leaves. Both irises take their names from the Greek iris, "rainbow."
WORD FAMILY
iris: irides, irises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iris's mother, Helena Tyce, said she was really pleased her daughter's note received a reply.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
It kicked off with a Thursday event at the store in honor of octogenarian muse Iris Apfel, featuring a performance by Andra Day.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
In “Iris Landscape,” the petals are so drastically foregrounded that they assume the weight of geographical features in their forested surroundings.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 虹膜; 鸢尾属植物
分布：虹膜(91%)，鸢尾属植物(9%)
→来自希腊语iris,彩虹，可能来自wei-ro,弯，转，词源同wind,wine,warp.引申词义编织，织线，五彩斑斓的线，彩虹。后该希腊词用来代指五彩斑斓的物体，如虹膜，鸢尾花等。
noun countable
FLOWER 花
■a type of plant which grows especially in wet places and which has blue, yellow or white flowers and long narrow leaves 鸢尾属植物（尤生长于潮湿环境，开蓝色、黄色或白色花，叶细长）
['aɪ.rɪs] noun countable
EYE 眼睛
■the coloured circular part of an eye surrounding the black pupil (= central part) 虹膜

Word: showroom
Front: showroom
[ˈʃəʊru:m] (11151/10156 -1)
Back: n. 陈列室
v. 去实体店体验之后用更少的钱在网上购买
分布：陈列室(79%)，展览室(21%)
US ['ʃoʊ-] noun countable
■a large shop in which people are encouraged to look at the goods that are on sale before buying them 展示厅，展销厅
• a car showroom 汽车展销厅
• Our complete range of carpets is on display in our showroom. 我们全系列的地毯都陈列在展示厅。
n. 陈列室；样品间
 - exhibition room

Word: stillness
Front: stillness
[ˈstɪlnəs] (六 11128/10585)
Back: n. 静止; 不动; 沉静; 镇定自若
分布：静止(69%)，沉静(31%)
→still,静止的，安静的，-ness,名词后缀。
n. 静止；沉静
 - rest, quiescency

Word: overhead
Front: overhead
[ˌəʊvəˈhed] (高研四六雅 5527/7523 -2)
Vocabulary: overhead
(once / 422 pages)
1adjnadv 2n 3n 4n
Anything that's located above you is overhead — it’s literally over your head. An overhead compartment on an airplane is a good place to stash your carry-on suitcase. Overhead is also the money it takes to run a business.
Overhead works as both an adjective and an adverb: "An overhead view of the football field gives the spectators a better idea of the game, and a drone flying overhead is the perfect way to achieve it." There's also an overhead stroke in tennis, an overhead projector showing a movie in science class, and the overhead, or up-front expenses, that a new business requires.
WORD FAMILY
overhead: overheads+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ heady: headier, headiest, headily/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The coal is transported into the power plant through a 14km long, blue, snake-like conveyor belt, saving Reliance Power the overhead costs of railroad transportation.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
With the increased overtime regulation does come increased overhead.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
United recently introduced a class that’s worse than economy: passengers board last and have no overhead bin space.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 上面的，高架的; 头顶上的; （费用等）经常的，管理的
n. 天花板; 管理费用，经常费用; 船舱的顶板; [体]（网球等的）扣杀
adv. 在头顶上; 在空中; 在楼上; 向上
分布：在头顶上(44%)，在空中(20%)，高架的(9%)，在头上的(8%)，经常开支(8%)，在高处(7%)，普通用费(4%)
a.在头顶上的;架空的ad.在头顶上The plane flew overhead.飞机在头顶上飞.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective adverb
■above your head, usually in the sky 在头顶上（的）；在空中（的）
• overhead cables 高架电缆
• A flock of geese flew overhead. 一群大雁从空中飞过。
• This room needs overhead lighting (= lights in the ceiling). 这个房间需要有顶灯。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■relating to the overheads of a business 企业日常开支的；营运费用的
• One way of increasing profit margins is to cut overhead costs. 增加利润的其中一个方法是减少管理费用。
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
TEXT/PICTURES 文字／画面
countable (also _overhead trans^parency)
■a transparent sheet used for showing text or pictures with an overhead projector 幻灯片，投影片
UK ['əʊ.və.hed] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun
COSTS 开支
overheads [plural] UK (US overhead countable)
■the regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a business （公司的）经常性开支，营运费用，经费
• We need to reduce our overheads. 我们需要减少经常性开支。
• Many businesses are moving out of New York because the overhead there is so high. 许多企业正迁出纽约，因为那里的营运成本太高了。
adv. 在头顶上；在空中；在高处
 - aerially
n. 天花板； [会计] 经常费用
 - ceiling boarding, current expenses

Word: neglected
Front: neglected
[nɪˈglektɪd] (11122/9735)
Vocabulary: neglected
(once / 284 pages)
adj
If you are neglected, no one gives you the care or attention you need, like when you felt neglected on your birthday because everyone was so caught up preparing for your sister's wedding.
To neglect something is to not take good care of it, like neglecting your pet salamander by not cleaning its cage, or fail to show your usual affection — neglecting your old friends when you make new ones. The person or thing that endures such shabby treatment is neglected — feeling unloved, ignored, and in need. Another meaning of neglected is "overlooked," like when you neglected to bring your umbrella and got soaked.
WORD FAMILY
neglected: neglectedly+/ neglect: neglected, neglecter, neglectful, neglecting, neglects/neglecter: neglecters/ neglectful: neglectfully, neglectfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One thing's for sure, thanks to their influence this part of the body will never again be neglected.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
His socialist government nationalized and then neglected farms and factories, and domestic production dried up.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
His socialist-run government nationalized farms and food processing plants, then neglected them, and domestic production dried up.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 被忽视的
v. 疏忽( neglect的过去式和过去分词 ); 忽略; 遗漏; 疏于照顾
分布：被忽视的(96%)，动词neglect的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not receiving enough care or attention 疏忽，忽视；疏忽照顾
• She was distressed at how neglected the children looked. 孩子们缺少关爱的样子叫她痛心不已。
adj. 被忽视的；未被好好照管的
 - ignored, unnoticed
v. 忽视；疏忽（neglect的过去分词）
 - bypassed

Word: onslaught
Front: onslaught
[ˈɒnslɔ:t] (托宝 11133/11104 -1)
Vocabulary: onslaught
(once / 1837 pages)
1n 2n
Onslaught is a military term that refers to an attack against an enemy. It's safe to say that no one wants to be caught on the receiving end of an onslaught, because there will be lots of danger, destruction and probably death.
One way to help you remember the brutal meaning of onslaught is through the word's English origin, slaught, meaning "slaughter." But onslaught can be used in non-military ways, too. It can mean a barrage of written or spoken communication, like an onslaught of emailed birthday wishes. Taken individually, the birthday wishes are nice but an onslaught is too many, too fast, all at once. Onslaught can also mean a sudden and severe start of trouble. For example, if your office is unprepared for the onslaught of flu season, the entire sales force will be home sick at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
onslaught: onslaughts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And while an onslaught of publications ably assessed the aftermath of the presidential election, the most surprising was Teen Vogue.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Star Anna felt panicked, especially when there was “an onslaught of tributes.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Case in point is the onslaught against payday lenders, and a lawsuit presents an opportunity to expose an extralegal cross-agency campaign.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 猛攻，攻击; 突击; 大量的倾泻
分布：猛攻(54%)，攻击(39%)，抨击(7%)
→on,在上，向上，-slaught,攻击，屠杀，词源同slay,slaughter.
US ['ɑ:n.slɑ:t] noun countable
■a very powerful attack 猛攻；攻击；袭击
• It is unlikely that his forces could withstand an allied onslaught for very long. 他的军队不大可能长时间抵御联军的强攻。
• Scotland's onslaught on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory. 苏格兰队在下半场猛攻威尔士队，以4比1赢取胜利。
n. 猛攻；突击
 - lay on, skite

Word: garner
Front: garner
[ˈgɑ:nə(r)] (托宝 11116/20834 -1)
Vocabulary: garner
(once / 1731 pages)
vn
To garner means to gather or earn. If you want to run for office without belonging to a political party, you must garner enough signatures — usually a few thousand — to get onto the ballot.
The word garner comes from the Latin granarium which means "store-house," usually for grain. The current use of the word carries with it the sense of something being stored up. It’s not only that you can gather enough yes-votes to overcome the opposition, there is the sense that all the things you have garnered have some weight of their own. In its other use, garner means “earn” or "merit." Think of movie stars garnering Oscar nominations for their excellent work.
WORD FAMILY
garner: garnered, garnering, garners
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We will work to repeal this top-down decision and replace it with one that garners local support and creates a balanced, win-win solution.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The victim should not need to garner three votes to win while the respondent needs to garner only one. That is basic inequality.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He quickly moved up through Arizona’s farm system and garnered national attention as a rookie, but Micah hasn’t forgotten his roots in Gainesville.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 获得; 贮藏，积累
n. 谷仓
时态：garnered, garnering, garners
分布：得到(37%)，收集(26%)，谷仓(20%)，贮藏(17%)
→来自granary的拼写变体，词源同grain, 原指谷仓。后用做动词，指收集。
【记】读：搁那儿－把东西搁在谷仓中－储藏
【反】disseminate（v 散布）
US ['gɑ:r.nɚ] literary
verb transitive
■to collect something, usually after much work or with difficulty （通常指做大量工作或经历很多困难而）收集，积累，获得
• Coppola garnered several Oscar awards for 'The Godfather'. 哥普拉以其执导的电影《教父》获得数项奥斯卡奖。
vt. 获得；储存；把…储入谷仓
 - acquire, earn, buy, score, find
n. [粮食] 谷仓
 - granary, barn

Word: schoolchild
Front: schoolchild
[ˈsku:ltʃaɪld] (10999/40479 -1)
Back: n. 学童
分布：学童(100%)
['sku:l.tʃaɪld] (plural schoolchildren) (informal schoolkid)
noun countable
■a child who goes to school 学童，中小学生
• We just sat there giggling like naughty schoolchildren. 我们就坐在那里像调皮的小学生一样咯咯傻笑。

Word: militarily
Front: militarily
[ˈmilitərili,ˌmiliˈteərili] (11123/16399)
Back: adv. 以武力，以军事行动
分布：在军事上(60%)，从军事角度(40%)
ADJ
军事的;军队的;军用的
Military means relating to the armed forces of a country.
例：Military action may become necessary...也许有必要采取军事行动。
例：The president is sending in almost 20,000 military personnel to help with the relief efforts.总统将派出近2万名军事人员协助救灾工作。
ADJ
陆军的
Military means relating to or belonging to the army, rather than to the navy or the air force.
例：The attack has caused severe damage to American naval and military forces.这次攻击给美国的海军和陆军都造成了重创。
N-COUNT-COLL
军队;军人;(尤指)高级军官
The military are the armed forces of a country, especially officers of high rank.
例：The bombing has been far more widespread than the military will admit...轰炸的范围远远大于军方愿意承认的范围。
例：Did you serve in the military?你当过兵吗？
ADJ-GRADED
军人般的;军人作风的
Military means well-organized, controlled, or neat, in a way that is typical of a soldier.
例：Your working day will need to be organized with military precision.需要对你的工作日进行精确有序的安排。
例：He has a military bearing, never failing to carry himself erect.他有一种军人的风姿，身板总是挺得笔直。

Word: blah
Front: blah
[blɑ:] (11148/10986 -1)
Back: n. 废话; 空谈; 胡扯; 浮夸的文章
adj. 无聊的; 枯燥的
int. 废话
分布：无趣的(25%)，废话；蠢话；夸夸其谈(25%)，闷闷不乐的(25%)，厌烦；烦躁、倦怠；不适(25%)
CONVENTION
（表示无趣或不重要）…啊之类的；等等；诸如此类的
You use blah, blah, blah to refer to something that is said or written without giving the actual words, because you think that they are boring or unimportant.
例：...the different challenges of their career, their need to change, to evolve, blah blah blah.他们的职业面临的各种不同的挑战，需要求变，需要发展，等等
n. 废话；空话；瞎说
 - bushwa, poppycock

Word: net
Front: net
[net] (高研四六托 2884/2189 -K3)
Vocabulary: net
(once / 137 pages)
1nv 2n 3nvadj
A net is a device, made of fabric or rope stitched together, used to catch things such as fish or butterflies. Net can also refer to profits.
There are many nets, but two kinds have to do with catching things and making profit. The first net is like a fisherman's net: it's a type of meshing (meaning it has holes) made from rope or wire. This net is used to catch fish, and the holes allow the water to pour out. Also, someone's net worth is how much money they have. A net profit is a company’s earnings. A larger net means more money.
WORD FAMILY
net: netlike, netly, nets, netted, netting+/netting: nettings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trevor Booker led the Nets with 17 points and 15 rebounds.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Trevor Booker led the Nets with 17 points and 15 rebounds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other approaches focus on netting drones, either via bigger drones or by guns firing a net and a parachute via compressed gas.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 网; 网状织物; 球网; 网罩
vt. 用网捕; 捕获; 净赚; 踢入球门
adj. 净的; 净得的; 最后的
时态：netted, netting, nets
分布：网(96%)，网状物(2%)，纯粹的(1%)，净余的(1%)
→来自net,编织，结，词源同node,noose.引申词义网。net 净的，净重的
n.网,网状物v.用网捕,使落网a.纯净的The wet pet in the net hasn't got on the jet plane yet.网中的湿宠物还没有登上喷气飞机.
[net] (-tt-)
noun
MATERIAL 材料
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■material made of threads of rope, string, wire or plastic that are woven loosely so that there are spaces between them, allowing gas, liquid or small objects to go through, or an object made with this material which is used to limit the movement of something 网；网状物
• a fishing net 渔网
• a butterfly net 捕蝶网
• Dolphins often get tangled in the nets that are used to catch tuna fish. 海豚常常被缠在捕金枪鱼的网中。
• The living-room windows have net curtains which let in sunlight but stop passers-by looking in from the street. 客厅的窗户有网帘，能阻挡街上路人窥视的目光，而又不至于遮住阳光。
[net] (-tt-)
noun
SPORT 运动
 ADVANCED countable
■a rectangular piece of material made from string which is used to separate the two sides in various sports （分隔开体育比赛中双方的）球网
• If the ball touches the net during a service in a game of tennis, you have to serve again. 在网球比赛中如果发球触网，必须重发。
 ADVANCED countable
■the area surrounded by a piece of material made from string into which a ball or puck is put in order to score points in various sports 球门网
• His penalty kick placed the ball decisively in the back of the net. 他的罚球稳稳地射进网窝。
• a basketball net 篮球球网
[net] (-tt-)
verb transitive
CATCH 捕
■to catch something using a net 用网捕
• How many fish did you net this afternoon? 你今天下午张网捕到多少鱼？
■to get something good or to earn a lot of money from something 获得（好处）；赚得（钱财）
• [+ two objects] She netted herself a fortune when she sold her company. 她卖掉自己的公司，大赚了一笔。
• She netted £10 million (for herself) from the sale of her company. 她卖掉自己的公司，赚了1000万英镑。
• Mark's netted himself a top job with an advertising company. 马克在一家广告公司获得了一个高级职位。
[net] (-tt-)
verb transitive
SCORE 分数
■If you net the ball during a game like football, you score a goal 击（球）入网，把（球）射入球门
• He secured a dramatic victory for England by netting the ball half a minute before the end of the game. 他在比赛结束前半分钟攻进一球，使英格兰队赢得了戏剧性的胜利。
[net] (-tt-)
adjective [before or after noun] (ALSO UK also nett)
 ADVANCED
■left when there is nothing else to be subtracted 净得的，纯的
• I earn £15 000 gross, but my net income (= income that is left after tax has been paid) is about £12 000. 我总共赚了15 000英镑，但净收入为12 000英镑。
• The net weight of something excludes the weight of the material that it is packed in. 净重不包括包装材料的重量。
Compare gross
n. 网；网络；净利；实价
 - network, web
vt. 得到；净赚；用网捕
 - harvest, come into
adj. 纯粹的；净余的
 - pure, whole

Word: eminent
Front: eminent
[ˈemɪnənt] (研托雅宝 11109/8632 -1)
Vocabulary: eminent
(once / 177 pages)
1adj 2adj
Anyone highly regarded or prominent is eminent. Eminent people are very successful at their jobs. If you’ve heard of Neil deGrasse Tyson, it’s probably because he’s an eminent astrophysicist.
Every field has eminent — impressive, famous, or accomplished — people. Two of the most eminent coaches in the history of professional basketball are Red Auerbach and Phil Jackson because they've won the most championships. Beethoven was an eminent musician. Frank Lloyd Wright was an eminent architect. Eminent people loom over a field because they're influential and you can't avoid hearing about them. It's not easy to be eminent because you have to be extremely successful.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
eminent / imminent / immanent
No, it's not the name of the latest rapper from Detroit, but it could describe one — eminent describes anyone who's famous. Imminent refers to something about to happen. And anything immanent (with an "a" in there) is inherent, like that good attitude you were born with.
Someone who's eminent is totally rocking out. This eminent person is distinguished, grand, soaring high above the rest of us. In legalese, eminent domain is when the government takes over private property for public use. Here are examples of both:
"Johnson, Dr. Samuel: An eminent English essayist, poet, and lexicographer." (James Baldwin)
"Eminent domain laws generally allow for the confiscation of private property if taking it is judged to serve a larger public good." ( New York Times)
Imminent describes something that's about to happen, and it's not always good. It can be positive, like a talented musician's imminent rise to stardom, but it's often bad, like a sick person's imminent death, or a city's imminent bankruptcy:
"One official said that unless the city 'hit the jackpot,' bankruptcy was imminent." (New York Times)
"At one point, some 750,000 Somalis had faced imminent starvation." (Scientific American)
The less common word, immanent, often sneaks in where it doesn't belong. Immanent comes from the Latin immanens for "to remain in." It refers to a natural part of an organism or organization. When people talk about God as immanent, it means something closer to "omnipresent," as opposed to transcendent for "unknowable." It's a formal word, popular with philosophers and religious people:
"God is in all; He is over all; He is both immanent and transcendent. " (Kaufmann Kohler)
"But the naturalist sees the creative energy immanent in matter." (John Burroughs)
To keep them straight, remember that an eminent person is successful, like that rapper Eminem. Something imminent is going to happen in a minute. And immanent (with an "a") is all in your head.
WORD FAMILY
eminent: eminence, eminenter, eminentest, eminently, preeminent +/ eminence: eminences/eminently: pre-eminently/ preeminence: preeminences/ preeminent: preeminence, preeminently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ruth Gruber, an eminent photojournalist and writer, devoted her life to documenting the struggle of Jewish refugees.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
I lauded Mattis’s eminent qualifications and leadership skills while affirming that this central tenent of our democracy should matter more than any single individual.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
One of America’s most eminent scientists is Francis Collins, an evangelical Christian who is director of the National Institutes of Health.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. （指人）知名的，杰出的，卓越的; （指品质、特性）明显的，显着的，突出的; 显赫的; 闻达
分布：著名的(68%)，卓越的(32%)
杰出的,突出的(e出+min伸+ent)[min=project,表示"伸出,突出"]
a.显赫的;杰出的;有名的;优良的He is an eminent painter.他是一位著名的画家.
adjective
■famous, respected or important 显赫的；卓越的；著名的
• an eminent historian 声名显赫的历史学家
famous, notorious, eminent, notable, noted, prominent, outstanding
这组词都有“著名的，知名的”的意思，其区别是：
famous: 是普通用词，指传播很广，引起人们注意的人或事物。
notorious: 指因劣迹而臭名昭著，含强烈贬义；但有时也作“众所周知的”解。
eminent: 指在某方面杰出卓越或突出的人或物。
notable: 用于指事件时，侧重其重要、值得注意；用于指人时，与famous同义，但语气较弱。
noted: 多指因成绩卓著而备受注意的专家或权威及其著作，有时含贬义。
prominent: 指出人头地，为公众所熟悉，至少在地方上闻名。
outstanding: 侧重指因素质优良，功绩卓著而超过同类的人或物，强调“突出”。
imminent, eminent
这是一组形近易混词。
imminent: a.即将发生的，迫在眉睫的，临近的。
 • The wedding date of CalmSky is imminent, so we must send invitations. CalmSky   婚礼迫近，所以我们必须发放请柬了。
eminent: a.著名的，卓越的，接触的。
 • Majia is eminent in the field of linguistics.   马甲在语言学领域很有名。
adj. 杰出的；有名的；明显的
 - outstanding, excellent, obvious, prominent, brilliant

Word: richly
Front: richly
[ˈrɪtʃli] (11125/9668 -1)
Back: adv. 丰富地; 富裕地; 完全地
分布：完全地(35%)，富裕地(26%)，丰富地(26%)，浓厚地(13%)
adverb
richly decorated/furnished, etc.
■having a lot of beautiful or expensive decoration, furniture, etc 装修／布置等富丽堂皇
• The facade of the church is richly decorated in green and white marble. 教堂正面装饰有绿色和白色大理石，显得富丽堂皇。
■in a very special or valuable way, or in a way that is greater than usual 富裕地，丰富地；完全地，十足地
• The cake takes two hours to cook, but your patience will be richly rewarded. 这个蛋糕要花两个小时才能做好，但要是能耐心做好了，你会感到非常有成就。
• She finally obtained the recognition which she so richly deserved. 她最后终于得到了她完全应该得到的酬劳。
adv. 丰富地；富裕地；完全地
 - totally, entirely, completely, absolutely, thoroughly, strictly, fully

Word: submerge
Front: submerge
[səbˈmɜ:dʒ] (研四六托雅 11140/11468 -1)
Vocabulary: submerge
(once / 1158 pages)
v
When you go swimming, you submerge your body in water. If your head is out of the water, it is not submerged — it's just wet.
To really soak a washcloth, you should submerge it in a basin of water. It is said that the word submerge was invented by William Shakespeare. We don't know that for sure, but we know that its appearance in the play Antony and Cleopatra is the first recorded time the word was written, and therefore read, by anyone.
WORD FAMILY
submerge: submerged, submergence, submerges, submergible, submerging, submersible +/submergence: submergences/submergible: nonsubmergible/ submersible: nonsubmersible, submersibles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say the vehicle became nearly completely submerged and two occupants were trapped.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But submerging your sorrows by binging on Fisher’s most famous appearances won’t be cheap.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
The sheriff’s office aviation and marine units responded to search for the submerged vehicle and occupants.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 淹没; 把…浸入; 沉没，下潜; 使沉浸
vt. 淹没; 把…浸入; 沉浸
vi. 淹没; 潜入水中; 湮没
时态：submerged, submerging, submerges
分布：潜入水中(39%)，浸没(34%)，覆盖(15%)，使浸没(12%)
→sub-,在下，-merg,浸入，词源同 emerge,immerse.
沉没,淹没(sub+merge淹没→淹没下去)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
沉入,沉入水中(sub在下面+merge→沉到下面去)[merg,mers=sink,表示"沉,没"]
v.沉没,淹没;潜入The energetic enemy submerged in the water on the verge of the emergency.在紧急情况快要发生时精力充沛的敌军沉入水中.
【记】sub下面，merge（v 合并，吞没）－吞没下去－淹没
【参】emerge（v 显现）；emergency（n 紧急情况）
US [-'mɝ:dʒ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to go below the surface of the sea or a river or lake （使）潜入水中，（使）没入水中；浸没
• The submarine submerged when enemy planes were sighted. 潜艇发现敌机后马上下潜。
• She was taken to hospital after being submerged in an icy river for 45 minutes. 她在冰冷的河水中浸了45分钟后被送进了医院。
transitive literary
■to cover or hide something completely 湮没，湮灭；掩盖
• She has submerged her identity in the role of photographer's wife and muse. 她完全湮没了自我，全心全意地做摄影师的妻子，并为他提供艺术灵感。
UK [səb'mɜ:dʒ] US [-'mɝ:dʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  submerge yourself in sth
■to put all your effort into doing a particular activity 全身心投入
• She is an actress who always tries to submerge herself completely in a role. 她是那种总是全心全意投入角色的演员。
dip, duck, submerge, plunge, immerse
这组词都有“沉浸，浸入”的意思，其区别是：
dip: 指部分地、暂时地或轻微地放进液体，多暗示一种谨慎或试探性的动作。
duck: 指把头伸进水中，或指游泳时开玩笑地把一个人的头按入水中。
submerge: 指长时间的完全浸入、潜入，强调浸入液体深层。
plunge: 暗示迅速而有力的动作，但浸入不一定很深。
immerse: 侧重全部被液体所覆盖，也可用于比喻意义。
vt. 淹没；把…浸入；沉浸
 - flood, flow
vi. 淹没；潜入水中；湮没
 - drown out, swallow up

Word: realistically
Front: realistically
[ˌri:əˈlɪstɪkli] (11137/9529 -1)
Back: adv. 现实地; 实际地; 逼真地
分布：逼真地(38%)，现实地(37%)，实际地(25%)
US [ˌri:.ə-] adverb
■according to the facts and what is possible 现实地；实事求是地
• Realistically speaking, he hadn't a hope, but that didn't stop him trying. 实事求是地说，他毫无希望，但是这并没有让他放弃努力。
■in a way that seems as if it exists 逼真地；栩栩如生地
• He was made up very realistically to look like an old woman. 他化了妆，看上去真的像个老太婆。
realistically, practically, virtually
realistically: 写实地，逼真地
practically: 几乎，实事求是地
virtually: 差不多地，事实上，实际上
adv. 现实地；实际地；逼真地
 - practically, to the life

Word: decorated
Front: decorated
['dekəreɪtɪd] (11119/11694)
Back: v. 装饰( decorate的过去式和过去分词 ); 点缀; 粉刷; 授予（某人）勋章
分布：装饰的(77%)，修饰的(19%)，动词decorate的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
VERB
装饰;装点;点缀
If you decorate something, you make it more attractive by adding things to it.
例：He decorated his room with pictures of all his favorite sports figures...他用自己最喜欢的几位体育明星的照片装饰房间。
例：Use shells to decorate boxes, trays, mirrors or even pots.用贝壳来装点盒子、托盘、镜子甚至是花盆。
VERB
粉刷;油漆;裱糊
If you decorate a room or the inside of a building, you put new paint or wallpaper on the walls and ceiling, and paint the woodwork.
例：When they came to decorate the rear bedroom, it was Jemma who had the final say...他们装修后面的卧室时，是耶马最后说了算。
例：The boys are planning to decorate when they get the time...小伙子们正打算有时间油漆一下。
VERB
美化
If something decorates a place or an object, it makes it look more attractive.
例：Constable posters decorate the walls.康斯太布尔风景画的海报装点着那些墙面。
VERB
授予…勋章(或其他荣誉)
If someone is decorated, they are given a medal or other honour as an official reward for something that they have done.
例：He was decorated for bravery in battle.他因为作战英勇而被授予奖章。
adj. 装饰的，修饰的
 - illuminative, ornamental
v. 装饰，修饰（decorate的过去式和过去分词形式）
 - bedecked

Word: backseat
Front: backseat
[bæk'si:t] (11127/40350)
Vocabulary: backseat
(once / 32651 pages)
n
When you ride in the backseat of a car, you sit in the row of seats behind the driver. Kids sometimes fight over the front seat, not wanting to sit in the backseat.
You can travel in the backseat of a automobile, unless you're the driver or are riding in a two-seat sports car. Another way to use the word backseat is to describe "an inferior position." If you take a backseat to your older brother, it means he tends to get all the attention. The word, more commonly written as back seat, was used in the 1800s to talk about riding in coaches and carriages.
WORD FAMILY
backseat: backseats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chief Dan Jones says three girls in the backseat were hospitalized with critical injuries.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Investigators were called and they discovered two more bodies in the backseat.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Someone began firing into the car, hitting the girl, who was asleep in the backseat.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 后座，次要位置
分布：后座(80%)，次要位置(16%)，=back seat.(4%)

Word: pastime
Front: pastime
[ˈpɑ:staɪm] (研四六雅 11138/11164 -1)
Vocabulary: pastime
(once / 1123 pages)
n
A pastime is any hobby or activity that you do to pass the time. Usually, people enjoy their pastimes.
When baseball was more popular, it was called the "national pastime," because so many people enjoyed watching or playing it. Baseball is still a major pastime, as are many other sports. Other pastimes include listening to music, playing music, watching TV, playing video games, playing with your dog, and any kind of hobby. Whenever you're awake and not working, you're probably enjoying a pastime.
WORD FAMILY
pastime: pastimes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is time to play fair, starting with our national pastime.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Most of the men and women Comas interviewed showed a zest for life and an interest in pastimes from amateur dramatics to playing the piano.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 消遣，娱乐
分布：消遣(73%)，娱乐(27%)
→缩写自pass time.
n.消遣,娱乐In the past the compass could pass passion to the passive man having pastime on the pasture.在过去,指南针可以将激情传递给在牧场上消遣的被动之人
US ['pæs-] noun countable
■an activity which is done for enjoyment; a hobby 消遣，娱乐
• Do-it-yourself is the nation's most popular pastime. 自己动手是该国最流行的消遣活动。
• figurative Suing people, especially doctors, is a national pastime (= common activity) in America. 在美国，提出诉讼——尤其是控告医生——是一种全民热衷的寻常事。
hoblly, pastime, recreation
这组词都有“嗜好，消遣，娱乐”的意思，其区别是：
hoblly: 指在某一具有知识性和趣味性的领域内从事的业余爱好活动。
pastime: 多指消遣，系空余时间的娱乐活动，常常不具什么内在价值或意义。
recreation: 通常指令人愉快的消遣或有节制的活动，侧重于游玩、游戏和消遣。
n. 娱乐，消遣
 - entertainment, recreation, pleasure, sport, occupation

Word: third-party
Front: third-party
['θɜ:dpa:tɪ] None
Back: 第三方的
分布：第三方的(100%)

Word: fraudulent
Front: fraudulent
[ˈfrɔ:djələnt] (托宝 11131/11893 -1)
Vocabulary: fraudulent
(once / 1966 pages)
adj
Something fraudulent is intentionally false and meant to harm or deceive. That email message from the Sultan of Brunei offering you millions of dollars just might be fraudulent.
From the fact that the word fraudulent is frequently teamed with the word scheme, you can get the idea that something fraudulent is sneaky, snarky, and just plain wrong. A fraudulent scheme is one designed to gain something at the expense of someone else. It might be small — trying to use an expired coupon — or bigger — lying on your taxes. Whatever its form, planning something fraudulent is cheating, and it's wrong.
WORD FAMILY
fraudulent: fraudulence, fraudulenter, fraudulently
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday, a federal judge approved charges of illicit association and fraudulent administration against Fernández and two former aides in a corruption case.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Now federal officials allege he funneled $600 million in fraudulent claims to this impoverished pocket of Appalachia, and the government turned off the spigot.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
So enough of this fraudulent talk of elites, metropolitan or otherwise.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 欺骗的，不诚实的; 奸诈
分布：欺诈的(61%)，不诚实的(21%)，不正的(18%)
→来自fraud, 欺骗。
US ['frɑ:-] adjective
CRIME 犯罪的
■dishonest and illegal 欺骗的，欺诈的
• A worrying trend for insurers has been a rise in fraudulent claims. 令保险公司不安的是，诈骗性的索赔呈上升趋势。
UK ['frɔ:.djʊ.lənt] US ['frɑ:-] adjective
FALSE 假的
■intended to deceive 意图欺诈的，欺骗性的
• They claim that the fall in unemployment is based on a fraudulent manipulation of statistics. 他们声称失业率下降是对统计资料进行欺骗性操纵的结果。
adj. 欺骗性的；不正的
 - crank-sided, knavish

Word: sinner
Front: sinner
[ˈsɪnə(r)] (11118/12240)
Back: n. 罪人
分布：罪人(96%)，流氓(4%)
→sin,有罪，罪行，-er,人。
N-VAR
罪;罪过;罪孽
Sin or a sin is an action or type of behaviour which is believed to break the laws of God.
例：The Vatican's teaching on abortion is clear: it is a sin...罗马教廷对堕胎的教义非常清楚：这是罪过。
例：Was it the sin of pride to have believed too much in themselves?他们过分自信，这是否犯了骄纵之罪？
VERB
犯戒律;犯过失
If you sin, you do something that is believed to break the laws of God.
例：The Spanish Inquisition charged him with sinning against God and man...西班牙宗教法庭指控他亵渎上帝和人类。
例：You have sinned and must repent your ways.你犯了罪，必须为你的所作所为作出忏悔。
N-COUNT
罪恶;恶行;不道德的行为
A sin is any action or behaviour that people disapprove of or consider morally wrong.
例：...the sin of arrogant hard-heartedness...傲慢无情的恶行
例：The ultimate sin was not infidelity, but public mention which led to scandal.最大的罪过不是通奸而是公众议论，是它导致了丑闻的发生。
PHRASE
同居
If you say that a man and a woman are living in sin, you mean that they are living together as a couple although they are not married.
例：She was living in sin with her boyfriend.她和男友同居。
n. 罪人；有错者
 - transgressor

Word: ferry
Front: ferry
[ˈferi] (高研六托雅宝 6492/4590 -2)
Vocabulary: ferry
(once / 608 pages)
nv
A ferry is a boat that carries people, cars, and cargo back and forth across a body of water. The Staten Island Ferry ferries commuters from Manhattan to Staten Island every ten minutes during rush hour.
To ferry means to transport by ferry, or to transport in other ferry-like ways, i.e., multiple short trips. If you have an ice-skating birthday party, your dad might ferry a few van loads of kids back to your house afterward, for pizza and cake.
WORD FAMILY
ferry: ferried, ferries, ferrying+/ferrying: ferryings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At least 23 people were killed and 17 others were missing after a ferry caught fire Sunday off the coast of Indonesia’s capital, officials said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Rickety boats ferry small groups of migrants to Curacao, Bonaire and other Caribbean islands a short distance from Venezuela’s north coast.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Ferry accidents are common in Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic nation, with more than 17,000 islands.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 渡船; 渡口; 摆渡; 用船渡运
vt. 航海; 渡运; （乘渡船）渡过（河等）
vi. 摆渡
时态：ferried, ferrying, ferries
分布：渡船(51%)，渡口(27%)，摆渡(16%)，运输(6%)
→来自per, 向前，穿过，词源forth , fort. 引申词义渡船。
渡运n.渡口,渡船(fer+ry→带来带去的东西→渡船)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
渡口(fer带来...把人从河这边带到河那边)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
n.摆渡;渡船;渡口v.摆渡;渡运(人,车或物等)The terraced terrain near the Mediterranean ferry is terrific.地中海渡口附近的台地地形好极了.
【记】fer带－把人、货物带来带去的东西－渡船ferr铁，用铁做的渡船
【参】floriferous（adj 多花的；有花的）；differ（v 不同）
noun countable (also ferry boat)
 IMPROVER
■a boat or ship for taking passengers and often vehicles across an area of water, especially as a regular service （尤指定期的）渡船，渡轮
• a car ferry 汽车渡轮
• We're going across to France by / on the ferry. 我们正在坐渡船去法国。
• We took the ferry to Calais. 我们乘渡船去了加莱。
['fer.i] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to transport people or goods in a vehicle, especially regularly and often （尤指定期）渡运，摆渡
• I spend most of my time ferrying the children about. 我大部分时间都花在把孩子渡运过河上。
vt. （乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运送；空运
 - lift, cross, wing

Word: stroll
Front: stroll
[strəʊl] (研六托宝 5880/10056 -2)
Vocabulary: stroll
(once / 338 pages)
nv
As a noun, a stroll is a leisurely walk. After a heavy meal, you may want to go out for a stroll to help you work off some of the calories. You also will take a stroll on your day off and the weather is nice.
The word stroll originally came to English through the German word strollen, which means to wander aimlessly. The word stroll can also be used as a verb meaning to take a leisurely walk in which you do some wandering. You may enjoy a stroll through the park, along the beach, or down the city streets — take your time.
WORD FAMILY
stroll: strolled, stroller, strolling, strolls+/ stroller: strollers
USAGE EXAMPLES
While strolling the streets of “the real Bedford Falls,” I encountered a man with the same Seahawks beanie I was wearing.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On a recent stroll through Olongapo, Mr. Cortez reflected fondly on the U.S. military’s rich history in the city and nearby Subic Bay.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Earlier this year, we were strolling along a marina in Portugal and a family passed us – a mother, father and daughter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 闲逛; 漫步
vi. 散步; 奔波
vt. 溜达
时态：strolled, strolling, strolls
分布：漫步(75%)，闲逛(25%)
→俚语词，词源不确定，可能合成自 stray,偏离，或 street,街道，troll,闲逛，游荡。
n. & v.漫步;散步;游荡The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
【记】是street和roll（v 滚动；转圈）的组合－在大街上转圈－闲逛
【参】scroll（n 卷轴）
US [stroʊl] verb intransitive
■to walk in a slow relaxed manner, especially for pleasure 散步，蹓跶
• We could stroll into town if you like. 如果你愿意的话，我们可以去城里走走逛逛。
pace, stroll, strut, stride, walk
这组词都有“行走，徒步”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 指踱步，走步。
stroll: 多指走走停停，步子缓慢，悠闲自得，漫无目的。
strut: 指大摇大摆地走，含过分自信或自高自大意味。
stride: 着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
wander, stroll, roam, ramble
这组词都有“徘徊、漫游”的意思，其区别是：
wander: 指无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡。
stroll: 常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游。
roam: 常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游。
ramble: 一般指走走停停，心情愉快，步履轻松。
n. 漫步；闲逛；巡回演出
 - tour, bummel
vi. 散步；闲逛；巡回演出
 - roam around, have a walk
vt. 散步；闲逛
 - roam around, have a walk

Word: vaccination
Front: vaccination
[ˌvæksɪ'neɪʃn] (11111/12903)
Vocabulary: vaccination
(once / 4047 pages)
n
Vaccination is the act of getting a shot (a vaccine) to protect you against a certain disease. If you want to protect yourself from catching the mumps, you will need to undergo a vaccination.
If you've ever gotten a bad cut or stepped on rusty metal, your doctor has probably asked when you last had a Tetanus shot. A Tetanus shot is a vaccine, a protective dose of medicine that keeps you from getting sick. Some common vaccinations protect against the flu, measles, and whooping cough. The word vaccination comes from vaccine, "related to cows," because the first vaccines, developed to prevent smallpox, were made from a virus called cowpox.
WORD FAMILY
vaccination: vaccinations+/ vaccinate: vaccinated, vaccinates, vaccinating, vaccination, vaccinator/vaccinated: unvaccinated/vaccinator: vaccinators/ vaccine: vaccinate, vaccines
USAGE EXAMPLES
As part of the family’s resettlement, the I.R.C. provided health screenings, vaccinations and Social Security cards.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Nigeria was about to declare victory over polio, thanks to successful vaccination campaigns like the one depicted.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
In the other group, which included those who got a delayed vaccination as well as those who were never vaccinated, there were 23 cases.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <医>种痘，接种; 牛痘疤
分布：接种疫苗(77%)，种痘(23%)
VERB
给…接种疫苗
If a person or animal is vaccinated, they are given a vaccine, usually by injection, to prevent them from getting a disease.
例：Dogs must be vaccinated against distemper...狗必须接种犬瘟热疫苗。
例：Have you had your child vaccinated against whooping cough?...你给你的孩子打过百日咳疫苗了吗？

Word: pebble
Front: pebble
[ˈpebl] (研四六托 11162/7993 -1)
Vocabulary: pebble
(once / 696 pages)
n
Pebbles are the small, round stones you might find on a beach. If you want a pet rock, a smooth pebble would be a good choice.
A pebble beach might not be quite as soft underfoot as a sandy one, but pebbles tend to be smooth and rounded — unlike jagged-edged rocks. A beach covered with smooth pebbles is known as a "shingle beach." The origin of the word pebble is a mystery, although some suspect a connection to the Latin papula, "pustule, pimple, or swelling."
WORD FAMILY
pebble: pebbles, pebbly
USAGE EXAMPLES
US wearables company Pebble sold to Fitbit for less than a 10th of its peak valuation.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
We were walking across the hillsides when my father scuffed a pebble with his boot.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Besides, even with our shoes on, sand and pebbles are more of a fun challenge for our feet than the same old sidewalks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 卵石; 水晶; 水晶透镜; 卵石花纹
vt. 用卵石铺; 用石子扔; 使纹理粗糙
分布：鹅卵石(69%)，水晶透镜(10%)，用卵石铺(6%)，水晶(6%)，使有卵石纹(6%)，用卵石投掷(3%)
→词源不详。可能来自拟声词，模仿磨的声音，-le,表反复。
n.卵石The bulk of the ruby rubbish on the pebble bubbles when stirred by bulbed rubber club.小卵石上的大部分红宝石废料在用有球状突起的橡胶短棍搅动是会起泡.
【记】pe破，bb宝宝，le了：宝宝的脚破了，是因为踩在pebble上了。
noun countable
■a small smooth round stone, especially one found on a beach or in a river （尤指沙滩或河流中的）卵石，砾石
• This part of the coast has pebble beaches. 海岸的这一部分有几处砾石海滩。
pebble, stone, rock, gravel
这组词都有“石、石头”的意思，其区别是：
pebble: 多指海边、河边或沙中圆形的小卵石。
stone: 普通用词，泛指井然的或经加工的各类石头，可大可小。
rock: 普通用词，指构成地表最坚硬部分或突出于周围地面的巨大岩石，也可指石头或石块。
gravel: 集合名词，常指用于铺路的小石子和沙砾。
n. [建] 卵石；水晶透镜
 - boulder, ratchel

Word: housekeeper
Front: housekeeper
[ˈhaʊski:pə(r)] (11112/8081 -1)
Vocabulary: housekeeper
(once / 601 pages)
n
A housekeeper is someone whose job involves cleaning other people's houses. In some cases, a housekeeper also cooks meals for her employers.
It was once common in many countries for wealthy families to employ a live-in housekeeper, who may have been called a maid or a servant. Today it's less typical, although some families hire workers to clean occasionally — these people might come once a week and are usually called housecleaners rather than housekeepers. The word uses the sense of keep that means "maintain or preserve order."
WORD FAMILY
housekeeper: housekeepers+/housekeep: housekeeped, housekeeper, housekeeping, housekeeps/housekeeping: housekeepings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Enough is better than a feast,” Aunt Sammy would say on her radio program, “Housekeepers’ Chat.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
I-124 also requires hotels protect workers from chemical hazards and limits housekeepers to cleaning 5,000 square feet in a normal workday.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I am a marvellous housekeeper. Every time I leave a man I keep his house,” she said.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 主妇; 女管家; 房屋管理人
分布：女管家(67%)，主妇(33%)
US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a person, especially a woman, whose job is to organize another person's house and deal with cooking, cleaning, etc. 管家；（尤指）女管家
n. 女管家；主妇
 - stewardess, homemaker

Word: blister
Front: blister
[ˈblɪstə(r)] (11153/15538 -1)
Vocabulary: blister
(once / 1242 pages)
1nv 2v
A blister is a fluid-filled bubble people get where something rubs or burns the skin. Common causes are wearing fancy new shoes, playing sports, and trying to cook bananas flambé. Having a blister is no fun.
A blister is a round raised area caused by repeated friction or rubbing. A second-degree burn can also cause a blister. A blister isn’t always a human problem. Plants can get blisters, and sometimes air bubbles on the surface of a painted wall or a shellacked table are called blisters. The verb blister means to form a blister. The Old French root word is blestre, "lump or bump."
WORD FAMILY
blister: blistered, blistering, blisters, blistery+/ blistering: blisteringly, blisterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two years ago on this date, this Staten Island rock band bade farewell to the Brooklyn D.I.Y. venue Glasslands with a blistering set.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The blister burst and became a bedsore that wouldn’t heal.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a knockout moment, delivered by a blistering Davis with tears and snot smeared across her face.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 水疱; 水肿; 疱; 气泡
vt. & vi. （使）起水泡
vi. （使表皮等）涨破，爆裂
时态：blistered, blistering, blisters
分布：水泡(70%)，气泡(18%)，生水疱(4%)，责骂(4%)，使冒泡(4%)
→词源同ball, 指鼓起来的。
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a painful red swelling on the skin that contains liquid, caused usually by continuous rubbing, especially on your foot, or by burning （皮肤通常因摩擦或烫伤而起的）水疱
• New shoes always give me blisters. 新鞋总会把我的脚磨出疱。
■a hollow rounded swelling that appears on a surface 水泡；气泡
UK ['blɪs.tər] US [-tɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to get blisters or cause blisters （使…）起水泡
• The sun blistered the paintwork. 涂好的油漆被太阳晒得起了泡。
• I burnt my shoulders over the weekend and they're starting to blister. 周末时我的肩膀晒伤了，现在开始起水疱了。
n. 水泡； [医] 水疱； [冶] 气泡；砂眼；起泡剂
 - bubble, blain
vt. 使起水泡；痛打；猛烈抨击
 - light into, belabour

Word: institutionalize
Front: institutionalize
[ˌɪnstɪˈtju:ʃənəlaɪz] (托 11149/21985 -1)
Vocabulary: institutionalize
(once / 15802 pages)
v
If your sister were acting so crazy that you wished you could have her committed to a mental hospital, you'd be dreaming you could institutionalize her, or check her into an institution.
The verb institutionalize is usually used to talk about committing people to hospitals, nursing homes, or other facilities where they will live and be taken care of in some way. There's another meaning of the word that means "to establish as a regular way of doing things." In this case, a teacher might institutionalize the tradition of ordering pizza for the class once a month; in other words, pizza parties would become a permanent, official part of the school year.
WORD FAMILY
institutionalize: institutionalized, institutionalizes, institutionalizing+/ institute: instituted, institutes, instituting, institution / institution: institutional, institutionalise, institutionalize, institutions/ institutional: institutionally, noninstitutional/institutionalise: institutionalised/institutionalised: noninstitutionalised/institutionalized: noninstitutionalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her mother, Gladys, was institutionalized and a year later killed herself.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Our electoral system institutionalizes inequality by privileging geography over people.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
McLaren referred to the developing program as “a cover-up that evolved over the years from uncontrolled chaos to an institutionalized and disciplined medal-winning strategy.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 使…制度化; 使成为惯例; 把（某人）置于公共机构下
时态：institutionalized, institutionalizing, institutionalizes
分布：使制度化(68%)，把某人置于公共机构照料之下(16%)，使……机构化(16%)
→来自institute,建立，制定，引申词义使成惯例，使制度化等。
US [-'tu:-] verb transitive
PLACE 地方 mainly disapproving
■to send someone, especially someone who is not capable of living independently, to live in an institution 把（某人）送到收容机构
(UK usually institutionalise) UK [ˌɪnt.stɪ'tju:.ʃən.ə.laɪz] US [-'tu:-] verb transitive
CUSTOM 习俗
■to make something become part of a particular society, system, or organization 使成惯例；使制度化
• What was once an informal event has now become institutionalized. 曾经是非正式的活动现在已经制度化。

Word: hindsight
Front: hindsight
[ˈhaɪndsaɪt] (11154/9566 -1)
Vocabulary: hindsight
(once / 10736 pages)
n
People who are able to look back on the past and understand what happened have hindsight. If you go skating on a frozen lake and it cracks, in hindsight you'd know you should've paid attention to the giant "danger" sign.
Hindsight is like looking behind you to see what just happened (behind sight, get it?). Another way of describing retrospection, hindsight is a useful skill that can be cultivated. Hindsight often refers to a lesson learned from something going wrong. Billy Wilder, the American movie director, once commented wistfully, “Hindsight is always twenty-twenty.” It's much easier to see clearly after something happened than before.
WORD FAMILY
hindsight: hindsights
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Really, in hindsight, it was not one of the great games of all time.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In hindsight, she says the media storm was “a gift”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
But, with the benefit of hindsight, clues to the contrary were there.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 后见之明; （步枪的）照尺; 表尺
分布：枪的照门(100%)
→hind,后面的，sight,看。比喻用法。
noun uncountable
■the ability to understand an event or situation only after it has happened 后见之明，事后孔明
• With (the benefit/wisdom of) hindsight, I should have taken the job. 现在想想，我真应该接受那份工作。
• In hindsight, it would have been better to wait. 事后看来，等一等会更好。
n. 后见之明；枪的照门
 - afterlight

Word: sputter
Front: sputter
[ˈspʌtə(r)] (11175/36116)
Back: n. 喷溅声; 劈啪声; 急语; 咕哝
v. 唾沫飞溅; 发劈啪声; 喷出; 飞溅出
时态：sputtered, sputtering, sputters
分布：喷溅(36%)，劈啪声(19%)，飞溅(9%)，生气激动地说(9%)，发出劈啪声(9%)，语无伦次地说(9%)，兴奋地说话(9%)
US ['spʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive or transitive
■to make several quick explosive sounds （使）发出劈啪声
• The car sputtered once or twice and then stopped. 汽车劈啪响了一两声就停了下来。
UK ['spʌt.ər] US ['spʌtˌ.ɚ] verb
ACTIVITY 活动
intransitive literary
■If an activity sputters, it is weak and varied, and does not make people feel confident about it （活动）勉强进行
• Russia's presidential campaign sputtered to an uneasy close on Monday. 俄罗斯的总统竞选活动一波多折，于周一勉强结束了。
vi. 发劈啪声；唾沫飞溅；结结巴巴地讲
 - crackle
vt. 气急败坏地说；飞溅出；喷出
 - belch out, spout out
n. 劈啪声；喷溅声；急切的言语
 - splutter

Word: budge
Front: budge
[bʌdʒ] (托宝 11139/14408 -1)
Vocabulary: budge
(once / 4251 pages)
v
To budge is to move — but just a little bit. People can budge physically from where they're sitting or standing, and people can budge from opinions and positions too.
If a bunch of your friends are sitting on a bench, and they're taking up too much space for you to sit, you could ask them to budge, meaning "Move over!" If you hate eggs and refuse to eat them no matter how they're cooked, you are refusing to budge from your anti-egg policy. Budge is most often used in a negative way, as in "I won't budge" or "They wouldn't budge." This word often applies to stubborn people. Since budge means to move just a tiny bit, what's the big deal? Someone who accuses you of not budging is basically saying you should.
WORD FAMILY
budge: budged, budges, budging
USAGE EXAMPLES
I pleaded with my parents to buy me Snake Mountain, but they wouldn’t budge.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather, this is the extraordinary tale of an extraordinary man who refused to budge from his pacifist beliefs, while also desiring to serve his country.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
On Dec. 9, Mr. Jammeh changed his mind and called for a new vote, refusing to budge.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）稍微移动; （使）改变主意，（使）让步; （立场等）动摇; 推动
n. （毛向外翻的）羔羊皮; 革囊; 〈美方〉酒
adj. 用羔羊皮装饰的; <古>浮夸的; 自负的; 庄严的
时态：budged, budging, budges
分布：移动(57%)，妥协(19%)，羔皮(12%)，庄严的(12%)
→词源同boil, 沸腾，膨胀。插入字母d.
【记】budget（n 预算），去掉t（微微移动一点）就变成了‘budge’
verb intransitive or transitive
MOVE 移动
■If something will not budge or you cannot budge it, it will not move （使）轻微移动
• I've tried moving the desk but it won't budge/I can't budge it. 我试着移动书桌，但它纹丝不动。
[bʌdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
CHANGE 改变
■If someone will not budge, or you cannot budge them, they will not change their opinion （使）改变主意
• I've tried persuading her, but she won't budge. 我试图说服她，可她就是不改变想法。
[bʌdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  budge up UK informal
■said to someone in order to ask them to move so that there is room for you 挪一挪；让开
vi. 挪动；微微移动；改变态度或意见；服从
 - obey, be obedient to
vt. 使让步；移动；使改变态度或意见
 - put, locomote
n. 羔羊皮
 - lambskin, capeskin

Word: saturate
Front: saturate
[ˈsætʃəreɪt] (研六托雅宝 11157/13741 -1)
Vocabulary: saturate
(once / 1183 pages)
v
The verb saturate means to cause something to be fully soaked to the point where it can't take on anything else. A heavy rainstorm can saturate the ground, leaving puddles on the lawn because no more water can be absorbed.
The word saturate comes from the Latin word saturatus, meaning "to fill full, sate, drench." Saturate is often used to describe the aftermath of a big rainstorm, but other things can be saturated as well. If you're a workaholic, you might saturate all your free time with work, leaving no time to spend with your family. In chemistry, saturate describes causing one substance, like a solution, to take on the greatest amount of another substance.
WORD FAMILY
saturate: saturated, saturates, saturating, saturation +/ saturated: saturatedly, supersaturated, unsaturated/ saturation: saturations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The business was much smaller and wasn’t as saturated, not as fast as it is now.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Taubes considers sugar to be a worse evil when compared to the effects of a sedentary lifestyle and saturated fat.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Why are they starting to saturate the market, and what do they mean for the future of television?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 浸湿，浸透; 使充满; [化]使饱和; 使渗进，使湿透
adj. 浸透的，渗透的; 饱和的; 颜色浓[深]的
时态：saturated, saturating, saturates
分布：使饱和(28%)，使充满(22%)，使浸透(15%)，饱和的(13%)，浸透的(11%)，深颜色的(11%)
→来自拉丁语 saturare,装满，浸透，来自 satur,满的，来自 sa,使充满，词源同 satiate,satisfy. 引申词义使饱和。
使饱和(satur+ate→使足够→饱和)[sati,satis,satur=enough,fulloffood,表示"足够,饱足"]
vt.使湿透,浸透;使充满,使饱和We were caught in the rain and came home saturated.我们挨了雨淋, 回家时已浑身湿透.
【记】satur＝sate满足，ate－使水满足－浸透
【反】dehydrate（v 使脱水）－saturate with water（使充满水）
US [-jʊr.eɪt]
MAKE WET 弄湿
transitive often passive
■to make something or someone completely wet 使湿透；浸透；渗透
• The grass had been saturated by overnight rain. 一夜的雨把草地淋透了。
• He had cut his leg badly, and his trousers were saturated with/in blood. 他划破了腿，伤势严重，裤子都被血浸透了。
verb UK [ˈsæt.jʊ.reɪt] US [-jʊr.eɪt]
FILL 充满
transitive
■to fill a thing or place completely so that no more can be added 使充满；使饱和
• The police saturated (= A large number of police officers were sent into) the area in an attempt to find the missing child. 大批员警被派往该地区寻找失踪的孩童。
saturate the market
■to provide too much of a product so that there is more of this product available than there are people who want to buy it 使市场饱和
• Since the US market has now been saturated, drug dealers are looking to Europe. 由于美国的市场现在已经饱和，毒贩们开始转向欧洲。
noun countable usually plural uncountable UK [ˈsæt.jʊ.rət] US [-jʊr-/
■a saturated fat Compare polyunsaturate
vt. 浸透，使湿透；使饱和，使充满
 - freight, water logging
adj. 浸透的，饱和的；深颜色的
 - permeant, satd

Word: jut
Front: jut
[dʒʌt] (11174/14886 -1)
Vocabulary: jut
(once / 2033 pages)
vn
When something juts, it extends outward. Your nose juts out from your face, just as your ears jut from your head. If you’re feeling determined, you might jut out your chin.
The word jut applies to anything sticking out. Anything that goes beyond the main line of something juts out, like a rock on a coastline or a bump on a log. If you walk into a room with your chin jutting out, people better watch out because you mean business.
WORD FAMILY
jut: juts, jutted, jutting+/jutting: juttings
USAGE EXAMPLES
With his jutting jaw, wavy hair, commanding size and operatic baritone voice, Mr. Irving was a formidable stage presence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most of its 4,000 homes are small by suburban standards, jutting up against narrow streets.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
She found herself in Dayan’s company more often than not, and within months, she says, “things jut happened.”
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 突出，伸出
vt. 使伸出，使突出
n. 突出，突出物
时态：jutted, jutting, juts
分布：突出(47%)，伸出(29%)，凸出(16%)，突出部分(8%)
→来自jet拼写讹误，来自拉丁语iacere,投，扔，词源同jetty,project,projectile.即向前扔出去，引申词义突出，伸出。
[dʒʌt] (-tt-)
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) stick out, especially above or past the edge or surface of something （使）突出；（使）伸出
• The pier juts (out) into the sea. 码头伸向大海。
• He jutted his chin/jaw (out) defiantly. 他不服气地扬起下巴。
vi. 突出；伸出
 - stand out, excel at
n. 突出部分；尖端
 - point, tip, apex

Word: incorrectly
Front: incorrectly
[ˌɪnkə'rektlɪ] (11146/11293)
Back: adv. 不正确地，错误地
分布：错误地(60%)，不正确地(40%)
ADJ
不正确的;错误的;不真实的
Something that is incorrect is wrong and untrue.
例：He denied that his evidence about the telephone call was incorrect...他否认自己关于电话的证词是虚假的。
例：People often have incorrect information about food.人们对食物经常会有不正确的认识。
ADJ-GRADED
不适当的;不合适的
Something that is incorrect is not the thing that is required or is most suitable in a particular situation.
例：...injuries caused by incorrect posture.由不当姿势造成的损伤
例：...incorrect diet.不当的饮食
adv. 错误地；不适当地
 - wrong, in error

Word: usable
Front: usable
[ˈju:zəbl] (11142/11719 -1)
Vocabulary: usable
(once / 4569 pages)
adj
Something that's usable can be successfully used right away for its intended purpose. If your car is usable, it's running just fine.
A usable tent has all of its poles and is more or less waterproof, and a usable pair of shoes fits well and doesn't have holes. Describing something as usable can sometimes be faint praise: "Well, this basketball is usable, but just barely." When information is described as usable, it usually means it's actively available, and not just stored in a computer, for example. This is a relatively new adjective, first appearing around 1840.
WORD FAMILY
usable: unusable, usability, usableness+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the food is no longer usable, the military tries to get rid of it quietly.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The state stopped Broom’s execution after two hours in September 2009 when executioners failed to find a usable vein following 18 attempts to insert needles.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
From his perspective, a truly usable screen is still a few years off.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 可用的; 合用的; 便于使用的; 使得
分布：可用的(90%)，适用的(10%)
adjective
■that can be used 可用的，能用的
• The specific software is also usable in other areas of research. 这种特别设计的软体也可以用于其他研究领域。
adj. 可用的；合用的（等于useable）
 - practicable, useable

Word: imposition
Front: imposition
[ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃn] (11155/7215)
Vocabulary: imposition
(once / 1784 pages)
n
Imposition means you force something — usually an unwanted burden — on someone else. If your friends invite themselves over for dinner the night before your big test, that's an imposition because you'll have to cook instead of studying.
Imposition comes from the 14th century Old French word of the same spelling, meaning "the levying of taxes, a tax, duty." Taxes are a good way to remember the meaning of imposition. You never want to pay taxes — but you have no choice but to pay. It can be the same for other kinds of burdens: if something is an imposition, you don't want to do it, but you likely will have to.
WORD FAMILY
imposition: impositions+/ impose: imposed, imposes, imposing, imposition, reimpose, superimpose / imposed: self-imposed/ imposing: imposingly, unimposing/reimpose: reimposed, reimposes, reimposing, reimposition/ superimpose: superimposed, superimposes, superimposing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We worry it’s an imposition to ask, but sometimes, especially from someone normally independent, asking is actually a gift.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A year later, though, after the Russian seizure of Crimea and the imposition of international sanctions, Russian tourism plummeted.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The company now supports imposition of a “carbon tax” that would put a price on each ton of carbon emitted.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 强加; 被迫接受; 过分的要求; 税收
分布：强迫接受(44%)，课税(31%)，欺骗(25%)
→来自impose,推行，强加。引申词义颁布，实施。
征税;强加(见impose)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
noun
EXPECTING 期望
only singular
■when someone expects another person to do something that they do not want to do or that is not convenient for them 勉强；硬要
• Would it be too much of an imposition to ask you to pick my parents up from the airport? 请您去机场接我父母是不是太强人所难了？
[ˌɪm.pə'zɪʃ.ən] noun
NEW LAW 新法律
uncountable
■the introduction of a new law or system （新法律或体系的）实施
• the imposition of the death penalty/martial law/sanctions 实施死刑／军事管制／制裁
n. 征收；强加；欺骗；不公平的负担
 - collection, fraud, expropriation

Word: methane
Front: methane
[ˈmi:θeɪn] (托 11180/13128 -1)
Back: n. <化>甲烷，沼气
分布：甲烷(90%)，沼气(10%)
→mety-,甲基化，缩写自methyl,甲基，-ane,化学名词后缀，烷。俗称沼气。
noun uncountable
■a colourless gas without a smell, which is often used as a fuel 甲烷，沼气
• Methane is the main constituent of natural gas. 甲烷是天然气的主要成分。
n. [有化] 甲烷； [能源] 沼气
 - marsh gas, firedamp

Word: biotech
Front: biotech
['baɪəʊtek] (六 11124/-)
Back: n. 生物技术
分布：名词(79%)，形容词(21%)
N-UNCOUNT
同 biotechnology
Biotech means the same as biotechnology .
例：...the biotech industry.生物技术行业

Word: whereabouts
Front: whereabouts
[ˈweərəbaʊts] (11164/8439 -1)
Vocabulary: whereabouts
(once / 1219 pages)
n
Your whereabouts are the place you are right now. When your dog gets lost, your family might form a search party to discover his whereabouts.
Officially, the noun whereabouts can be treated as singular or plural, but it's more common to use it as plural. News stories about escaped prisoners or criminals on the run often mention that their whereabouts are unknown, and parents who like to keep tabs on a teenager's whereabouts sometimes buy her a cell phone. The earliest use of whereabouts, one sometimes used today, was as an interrogative adverb: "Whereabouts will you be this afternoon?"
WORD FAMILY
whereabouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It said its reporters first alerted the authorities to her whereabouts.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The whereabouts of the manuscript remained a mystery until its emergence in London.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
County social workers raised the question of the twins’ whereabouts last summer after they removed four other children for medical neglect from Fowler’s home.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 在什么地方; 靠近什么地方
n. 下落; 行踪; 去向; 所在之处
分布：下落(93%)，在何处(7%)
→比喻用法。
US [ˈwer.ə-/
■the place where a person or thing is （某人或某物的）行踪，下落，去向
• Trupin is thought to be in the Caribbean, although his exact whereabouts are/is a mystery. 有人认为特吕潘在加勒比海，但他的确切下落仍是一个谜。
adverb UK [ˌweə.rəˈbaʊts] US [ˌwer.ə-/
■in what part or area 在何处
• Whereabouts in Madrid do you live? 你住在马德里甚么地方？
• Whereabouts is your office, then? 那么你的办公室在哪里？

Word: bedding
Front: bedding
[ˈbedɪŋ] (11136/9522 -1)
Vocabulary: bedding
(once / 1982 pages)
n
Use the word bedding when you're talking about sheets, pillowcases, blankets, or any other coverings for a bed. If you switch from a twin to a queen-sized bed, you'll need new bedding.
When a college student moves into a dorm room she brings her own bedding, and when your grandmother gets her guest room ready for a visitor, she might wash all the bedding. Bedding also means the straw, hay, or other materials that a farm animal sleeps on — or the shredded paper you use to line your gerbil's cage. It comes from the Old English word beddinge, "bed covering," from bedd, "bed" or "resting place."
WORD FAMILY
bedding: beddings+/ bed: bedded, bedding, bedless, beds
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Trump has called it “feather bedding” for select politicians and companies.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
He was trapped in the room for 32 hours without food, water, bedding or a toilet.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
At apparel, bedding and home decor retailer Garnet Hill, shoppers get an email asking for a review about three weeks after a purchase.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 寝具; 基底，基坑
adj. 适于花坛种植的
v. “bed“的现在分词
分布：名词(100%)
→bed, 床。-ing, 集合名词后缀，见boarding, flooring.
noun uncountable
■the covers on a bed, or the dry grass, etc., that an animal sleeps on 被褥；（家畜的）垫草
n. 寝具；（建筑） [建] 基床；（家畜）草垫
 - bedclothing

Word: raging
Front: raging
[ˈreɪdʒɪŋ] (11166/14436)
Back: adj. 猛烈的，狂暴的; 非凡的; 奰; 熊熊
分布：狂暴的(72%)，非凡的(14%)，熊熊燃烧的(14%)
adjective
■very severe or extreme 剧烈的；严重的；极端的
• a raging toothache 牙痛得要命
• a raging thirst 渴得嗓子冒烟
• He's got a raging (= high) temperature. 他高烧得很厉害。
• a raging bore 极其无聊的人
■very strong or violent 猛烈的；狂暴的；凶猛的
• a raging temper 暴躁的脾气
• The rains had turned the stream into a raging torrent. 大雨过后，这条小溪水流汹涌。
adj. 愤怒的，狂暴的
 - angry, wroth
v. 发怒，恼火（rage的现在分词）
 - bristling

Word: peacekeeper
Front: peacekeeper
[ˈpi:ski:pə(r)] (11145/29095 -1)
Vocabulary: peacekeeper
(once / 7467 pages)
1n 2n
The noun peacekeeper means exactly what it sounds like: a person who tries to keep things peaceful, often by mediating conflicts or calming people down.
You are a peacekeeper if you're the diplomat in your family, the one who negotiates between feuding siblings or placates a cranky grandfather to ensure that everyone has a pleasant Thanksgiving dinner. The most common way to use the word peacekeeper, however, is to talk about troops that are sent into another country for non-military purposes. For example, the United Nations often uses peacekeepers to calm tensions within countries in danger of civil war or violent uprisings.
WORD FAMILY
peacekeeper: peacekeepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A nervous patrol of United Nations peacekeepers sweated in an armoured truck.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
They were now U.N. peacekeepers, sent from Burundi to help protect victims of a brutal war in the Central African Republic.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
This arrangement should be codified by negotiation and upheld in part by international peacekeepers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 维和士兵
分布：维和人员(100%)
N-COUNT
维和士兵
Peacekeepers are soldiers who are members of a peacekeeping force.
例：There's been much fear that the United Nations peacekeepers would be under attack in a situation like that.人们非常担心联合国维和士兵在这种局势下会遭到攻击。
N-COUNT
和平维护国；和平维护组织
If you describe a country or an organization as a peacekeeper, you mean that it often uses its influence or armed forces to try to prevent wars or violent conflicts in the world.
例：They want the United Nations to play a bigger role as the world's peacekeeper...他们希望联合国发挥更大的世界和平维护者的作用。
例：Russia's record as a peace-keeper is mixed.俄罗斯作为维和国家的记录有好有坏。

Word: imperialism
Front: imperialism
[ɪmˈpɪəriəlɪzəm] (11126/10502 -1)
Vocabulary: imperialism
(once / 1352 pages)
n
Imperialism is a type of government that seeks to increase its size, either by forcing (through war) or influencing (through politics) other countries to submit to their rule.
The sun never sets on the Roman Empire, or so went the saying when Rome controlled the majority of Europe 2000 years ago. Empire has the same Latin root as imperialism, and the Roman Empire grew to be so vast because they invaded, conquered, and developed everywhere they could. Until Rome fell, that is. Imperialism isn’t always violent, but it’s usually used in a negative sense, so watch for secret agents if you’re talking about your country’s policy of imperialism.
WORD FAMILY
imperialism: imperialisms, imperialist, imperialistic +/ imperial: imperialism, imperially, imperials/imperialist: imperialists/ imperialistic: imperialistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Local cultures didn’t always react well to this seasonal imperialism.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
In August, Flynn told a Massachusetts audience, “We are facing another ‘ism,’ just like we faced Nazism and fascism and imperialism and communism.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
In Dugin’s case, the “central complex” is a mess of imperialism, bigotry, reactionary religiosity and a loathing of social diversity.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 帝国主义，帝国主义政策
分布：帝国主义(100%)
→词源同empire,帝国，帝权。
US [-'pɪr.i-] often disapproving
noun uncountable
■a system in which a country rules other countries, sometimes having used force to get power over them 帝国统治；帝国主义
• the age of imperialism 帝国主义时代
■when one country has a lot of power or influence over others, especially in political and economic matters （尤指政治、经济上的）势力扩张，扩张主义
• She accused the United States of economic imperialism. 她指责美国进行经济扩张。

Word: rebellious
Front: rebellious
[rɪˈbeljəs] (托宝 11168/13766 -1)
Vocabulary: rebellious
(once / 912 pages)
adj
A rebellious person likes to challenge authority and break the rules every now and then. A really rebellious group tries to overthrow the government.
Being rebellious is part of the American character. If the colonies hadn't been rebellious enough to rebel against England, there would be no United States. Large groups of people can be rebellious, but so can individuals. A student who talks back to the teacher is being rebellious. An employee who ignores a dress code is being rebellious. Anywhere there's an authority, someone is probably acting rebellious toward it.
WORD FAMILY
rebellious: rebelliously, rebelliousness+/ rebel: rebeled, rebeling, rebelled, rebelling, rebellion, rebels/ rebellion: rebellions, rebellious
USAGE EXAMPLES
So there is something entrepreneurial, creative and rebellious about it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But he continues to lead a rebellious Liberal-National coalition in which a faction of lawmakers remain hostile to his progressive social views.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Their motives are different, their methods, reasons, approach and application are all different veins of the rebellious act of graffiti.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 反叛的; 造反的; 难控制的
分布：叛逆的(90%)，难以控制的(10%)
反抗的,难控制的[bell,bel=war,fight,表示"战争,打斗"]
adjective
■If a group of people are rebellious, they oppose the ideas of the people in authority and plan to change the system, often using force （常使用武力）反叛的，造反的，反抗的
• rebellious groups of southern tribespeople 南方部落中的反叛群体
■If someone is rebellious, they are difficult to control and do not behave in the way they are expected to 桀骜不驯的；难以控制的；难对付的
• Her teachers regard her as a rebellious, trouble-making girl. 老师们认为她是一个不服管教、惹是生非的女孩子。
adj. 反抗的；造反的；难控制的
 - resistant, mutinous

Word: throttle
Front: throttle
[ˈθrɒtl] (托宝 11179/12877 -1)
Vocabulary: throttle
(once / 1988 pages)
1nv 2v
The throttle of an engine controls the fuel going in, and if you're going at full throttle, you'd better hang onto your hat.
You can think of a throttle as a throat, and the two words may be related. But as with a throat, if you block a throttle, something bad is likely to happen. You can throttle your car — cut off the air to the engine, also known as applying the choke — and you might stall it out. You can also throttle a person — the image is that you grab the person by the throat and cut off his air. It's much better to use throttle figuratively, as when you beat someone really badly at tennis, you could say "you throttled her," but nobody has to get hurt.
WORD FAMILY
throttle: throttled, throttler, throttles, throttling+/throttler: throttlers/throttling: throttlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s unlikely to be a letup on the throttle this time.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A nurse working in a south Wales emergency department, who was throttled by a patient, believes more needs to be done.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 节流阀; 喉咙，气管; [机]风门
vt. & vi. 扼杀，压制; 勒死，使窒息; 使节流; （用节汽阀等）调节
vi. 节流，减速; 窒息
时态：throttled, throttling, throttles
分布：油门(64%)，节流阀(30%)，使窒息(3%)，喉咙(2%)，扼喉咙(1%)
→来自 throat,喉咙，-le,表反复或工具格后缀。引申动词词义掐死，勒死，名词词义节流阀等。
【记】throt＝throat（n 喉），tle－掐脖子
US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
■a valve which allows more or less fuel to go into an engine and so changes the power with which the engine operates 节流阀；油门
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] noun countable
at full/half throttle
■at full/half speed or power 以全速／半速；尽全力／以一半的力量
• He's working at full throttle (= as hard as he can) to get the job finished. 他正全力以赴完成工作。
• The captain of the boat had his engines at full throttle. 船长让船开足马力全速行驶。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PRESS THROAT 掐喉咙
■to press someone's throat very tightly so that they cannot breathe 掐（喉咙）；使窒息
• informal Sometimes he annoys me so much that I could throttle him. 有时他真令我讨厌，我恨不得掐死他。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
PREVENT 防止
■to prevent something from succeeding 阻挡；压制；扼杀
• The reduction in funds is throttling the development of new programmes. 削减经费将阻碍新计划的开展。
UK ['θrɒt.l] US ['θrɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] throttle (sth) back/down
■to reduce speed, or to reduce the power and speed being produced by an engine （调节油门）减速
• The pilot throttled back (the engines) as he came in to land. 著陆时，飞行员调节油门减速。
n. [机] 节流阀； [车辆] 风门；喉咙
 - throttling valve, THORT
vt. 压制，扼杀；使……窒息；使……节流
 - kill, silence
vi. [机] 节流，减速；窒息
 - slow down, speed reduction

Word: shrinking
Front: shrinking
[ʃrɪŋkɪŋ] (11165/18444)
Back: v. 收缩( shrink的现在分词 ); （使）缩水; 退缩; 畏缩
分布：收缩的(48%)，畏缩的(26%)，犹豫不决的(26%)
VERB
(通常指布料、衣服等洗后)缩水，收缩，缩小，皱缩
If cloth or clothing shrinks, it becomes smaller in size, usually as a result of being washed.
例：All my jumpers have shrunk.我所有的套头毛衣都缩水了。
V-ERG
(使)缩小;(使)收缩;(使)减少
If something shrinks or something else shrinks it, it becomes smaller.
例：The vast forests of West Africa have shrunk...西非的大片森林面积已缩小了。
例：Hungary may have to lower its hopes of shrinking its state sector.匈牙利可能不得不降低其缩小国家军事管制区的期望。
VERB
(因害怕、震惊或厌恶)退缩，畏缩，避开
If you shrink away from someone or something, you move away from them because you are frightened, shocked, or disgusted by them.
例：One child shrinks away from me when I try to talk to him...当我试图和一个孩子说话时，他避开了我。
例：Siegfried cringed and shrank against the wall...西格弗里德畏缩了，退避到墙根。
VERB
畏避，回避(工作、责任等)
If you do not shrink from a task or duty, you do it even though it is unpleasant or dangerous.
例：We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible...我们要想保持诚信可靠，就绝不能避忌武力的合法使用。
例：They didn't shrink from danger.他们在危险面前没有退缩。
N-COUNT
精神病学家;心理学家
A shrink is a psychiatrist.
例：I've seen a shrink already.我已经看过心理专家了。
adj. 畏缩的；犹豫不决的
 - shy, indecisive

Word: illumination
Front: illumination
[ɪˌlu:mɪˈneɪʃn] (托 11150/10042 -1)
Vocabulary: illumination
(once / 1005 pages)
1n 2n
Illumination is light. Kids up past their bedtimes have been known to read entire books under their covers using only the illumination from a flashlight.
Use the noun illumination to talk about light, like the illumination of the moon on the surface of a lake. Illumination can also refer to an understanding or a spiritual awareness, like when a mystery of your faith suddenly makes sense to you. The Latin root is illuminationem, "throw into light" — you can picture the light bulb over a person's head in a cartoon to remember the various meaning of illumination.
WORD FAMILY
illumination: illuminations+/ illuminate: illuminated, illuminates, illuminating, illumination /illuminated: unilluminated/ illuminating: illuminatingly, unilluminating
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sing,” the latest collaboration between Illumination and Universal, racked up $41.4 million during its second weekend in theaters.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
"Sing," the latest collaboration between Illumination and Universal, racked up $41.4 million during its second weekend in theaters.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
It cost Universal’s Illumination Entertainment $75 million to produce, and generally received positive reviews.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 照明; 阐明，解释清楚; <物>照度; 彩饰，图案花饰
分布：照明(88%)，启发(10%)，阐释(1%)，古书上的图案或装饰(1%)
→来自illuminate,照明。引申词义彩灯，灯饰。
阐明;明亮(illuminate+ion)[lumin=light,表示"光"]
[ɪˌlu:.mɪ'neɪ.ʃən] formal
noun
countable or uncountable
■light 光；照明
• The only illumination was from a skylight. 唯一的光来自天窗。
illuminations [plural] mainly UK
■coloured decorative lights outside which make a town look bright and exciting at night 彩灯，灯饰
• the Blackpool illuminations 布莱克普彩灯秀
n. [电] 照明； [光] 照度；启发；灯饰（需用复数）；阐明
 - lumination, luminous intensity

Word: sliver
Front: sliver
[ˈslɪvə(r)] (宝 11156/15256 -1)
Back: n. 条子，梳条; 细片，长条; 裂片; （作鱼饵用的）小鱼片
vt. & vi. 使成薄片; 使裂成小片; 裂开; 把…剖成长条
时态：slivered, slivering, slivers
分布：梳棉(54%)，裂片(30%)，剖成长条(8%)，细长条(8%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,砍，劈，分开，比较 slab,slip,slat,slit,slot.引申词义小块，薄片。
【记】silver sliver银条
【反】slab（n 厚平板）
US [-ɚ] formal
noun countable
■a very small thin piece of something, usually broken off something larger 碎片，薄片
• a sliver of glass 一块玻璃碎片
• Just a sliver of cake for me, please - I shouldn't really be having any. 只要一小块蛋糕就好——我真的不能再吃了。
n. 梳毛，梳棉；裂片
 - combing, lobe

Word: discreet
Front: discreet
[dɪˈskri:t] (研托雅宝 11161/7680 -2)
Vocabulary: discreet
(once / 530 pages)
adj
Discreet describes someone or something that is appropriately quiet, prudent, and restrained. If you are wearing a discreet gray suit, it is unlikely that anyone at that business meeting will notice you.
Often people use discreet not only to indicate modesty or carefulness, but also to show a sort of secretiveness along the lines of “You're going to keep this a secret, right?” If no one in your family knows that you like to dress up as a bear, but then your cousin finds out, you may ask him to please be discreet.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
discreet / discrete
Discreet means on the down low, under the radar, careful, but discrete means individual or detached. They come from the same ultimate source, the Latin discrētus, for separated or distinct, but discreet has taken its own advice and quietly gone its separate way.
Today discreet is to be politely private about something and to be aware of consequences if everyone finds out what you're doing. Be discreet when you eat the lollipop your mom gave you but not your sister, so you don't have to listen to a tantrum. Wealthy people often try to be discreet with their money, because they don't want everyone to know they're rich. When you're trying to be cool, and keep something quiet, you're being discreet:
A source said: "Wayne attracts a lot of attention and the millionaires attracted to the area like to be more discreet." (The Sun)
Sound Level: Quiet, with widely spaced tables allowing for discreet conversations. (Business Week)
Discrete remains closer to its roots, meaning individual, detached, separated:
It is far better to think of these as isolated, unpredictable, discrete events. (Salon)
Quantum theory is usually thought of as discrete; after all, that's what the word "quantum" connotes. (Scientific American)
So last year, when earthquakes were recorded in small, discrete clusters in north central Arkansas, researchers perked up. (New York Times)
Although discreet and discrete have separate (or discrete) meanings, they are often confused. Remember that the "ee's" in discreet hide together in the middle of the word, but the "t" in discrete separates them.
WORD FAMILY
discreet: discreeter, discreetest, discreetly, discreetness, indiscreet, indiscreetly+/ indiscreet: indiscreeter, indiscreetest, indiscreetness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Westworld was a drama all about signs and signifiers, from the discreet clues left for viewers to the legend of “the maze”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
And the poems in Vievee Francis’s haunting collection “Forest Primeval” are discreet yet revelatory, irresolute yet decisive, distressed yet serene.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨慎的，慎重的; 考虑周到的; 小心的; 持重
分布：谨慎的(87%)，不引人注意的(13%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-creet, 区分，词源同crisis, critic, discern. 即区分好坏善恶的，慎重的。
慎重的,谨慎的[cern,cert,cret=sure,separate,表示"搞清,区别"]
a.(言行)谨慎的;慎重的;有判断力的He is discreet in his behavior.他行为谨慎.
【区】discrete（adj 不连续的, 离散的）这里的2个e是不连续的而discreet中的两个ee象两只谨慎的眼睛。
adjective
■careful not to cause embarrassment or attract too much attention, especially by keeping something secret 审慎的，谨慎的，小心的
• The family made discreet enquiries about his background. 那家人小心翼翼地打听他的背景。
• They are very good assistants, very discreet - they wouldn't go shouting to the press. 他们都是很好的助手，非常谨慎——不会向新闻界嚷嚷甚么的。
adj. 谨慎的；小心的
 - careful, cautious, prudent, wary

Word: uniformly
Front: uniformly
['ju:nɪfɔ:mlɪ] (六 11160/11615)
Back: adv. 一致地; 相同地
分布：一律地(40%)，均匀地(40%)，无变化地(20%)
N-VAR
制服
A uniform is a special set of clothes which some people, for example soldiers or the police, wear to work in and which some children wear at school.
例：The town police wear dark blue uniforms and flat caps...镇上的警察穿着深蓝色制服，戴着鸭舌帽。
例：Philippe was in uniform, wearing a pistol holster on his belt...菲利普身着制服，腰带上别着手枪皮套。
N-COUNT
（某一群体的）特种服式
You can refer to the particular style of clothing which a group of people wear to show they belong to a group or a movement as their uniform.
例：Mark's is the uniform of the young male traveller — green Army trousers, T-shirt and shirt.马克一身年轻男性旅行者的典型行头——绿军裤、T恤外加衬衫。
ADJ-GRADED
（同一物）始终如一的，均匀的，划一的
If something is uniform, it does not vary, but is even and regular throughout.
例：Chips should be cut into uniform size and thickness...土豆条要切得大小厚薄均匀。
例：All flowing water, though it appears to be uniform, is actually divided into extensive inner surfaces, or layers, moving against one another...所有流动的水看似一成不变，但实际上内部分成许多广延的面，或者说层，彼此逆向移动。
ADJ-GRADED
（不同物）全都相同的，一律的，清一色的
If you describe a number of things as uniform, you mean that they are all the same.
例：Along each wall stretched uniform green metal filing cabinets...每面墙边都一溜摆着相同的绿色金属档案柜。
例：Shrimp are raised in long uniform ponds, frozen in the nearby packing plant and shipped north.虾放养在清一色的长池子里，再送到附近的包装车间冷冻，最后用船运往北方。
adv. 一致地
 - consistently, coincidentally

Word: newsroom
Front: newsroom
[ˈnju:zru:m] (11182/25090 -1)
Vocabulary: newsroom
(once / 3399 pages)
n
A newsroom is the part of a newspaper, radio station, or TV station where news is written, edited, and organized. A newsroom is a pretty exciting place when a big story "breaks."
Any organization where journalists work to produce news has a newsroom — it might be an entire office, or a dedicated area. Long ago, a newsroom would have been full of the sound of typewriters clacking as reporters worked on stories. Today's newsroom is more likely staffed by writers using computers. You could also use this word to talk about the area of a library where you can read newspapers and other periodical, news-related publications.
WORD FAMILY
newsroom: newsrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until, that is, he was recalled to the newsroom to report exhaustive dispatches from his navel.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I ask Times journalists about a significant newsroom project or changes afoot here, usually without comment.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
What she calls the “Aaron Sorkin method” of ensemble acting, on display in Sorkin’s “The Newsroom” and “The West Wing,” holds particular appeal.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 新闻编辑室; 报刊阅览室
分布：编辑部(80%)，报章杂志阅览室(10%)，报纸贩卖部(10%)
US ['nu:z-] noun countable
■an office at a television or radio station or a newspaper where news is collected and reports are prepared for broadcasting or publishing （电视台、电台或报社的）新闻编辑室
n. 新闻编辑部；报刊阅览室
 - newspaper room

Word: allusion
Front: allusion
[əˈlu:ʒn] (托宝 11191/11817 -1)
Vocabulary: allusion
(once / 433 pages)
n
That little nod to a Dylan Thomas poem that you sneaked into your PowerPoint presentation? That was an allusion, a quick reference to something that your audience will have to already know in order to "get."
An allusion often references a famous work of art or literature, or to something from your own life. For example, you might say, "I obviously am no expert at love" — an allusion to your failed relationships. The main thing to remember is that an allusion is a brief hint or a quick mention. It’s meant to bring to mind a particular subject, but it always avoids getting into it in great depth.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
allusion / illusion / delusion
Novelists, magicians, and other tricksters keep these words busy. Novelists love an allusion, an indirect reference to something like a secret treasure for the reader to find; magicians heart illusions, or fanciful fake-outs; but tricksters suffer from delusions, ideas that have no basis in reality.
Blink and you'll miss it: an allusion is a quick indirect mention of something. It's a literary device that stimulates ideas, associations, and extra information in the reader's mind with only a word or two:
Littlemore was not quick at catching literary allusions. (Henry James)
Thomas Paine's writings contain several affectionate allusions to his father, but none to his mother. (Daniel Moncure Conway)
Magicians love to create illusions, or visual tricks, like making a tiger disappear or sawing a person in half. Your eye can be fooled by an optical illusion, and Dorothy and the gang get to the bottom of the Wizard's illusion and discover he's just a regular guy. Illusions aren't always glamorous; sometimes they're just hiding the man behind the curtain:
"We have no illusion that these credits are going to create lots of new jobs," the editorial said. (New York Times)
But while investing in your company's stock might feel safer than betting on the stock market as a whole, that is usually an illusion. (Seattle Times)
Delusions are like illusions but they're meaner. A delusion is a belief in something despite the fact that it's completely untrue. Hence the phrase is delusions of grandeur. People with delusions often wind up on the shrink's couch. Whether you are trying to deceive yourself or someone is trying to deceive you, if you believe the false idea, you have a delusion about reality:
Delusions are closely allied to hallucinations and generally accompany the latter. (Samuel Henry Prince)
Two medical experts had concluded then that the accused gunman suffered from schizophrenia, disordered thinking and delusions. (Reuters)
"Basically, I think he's suffering from delusions of grandeur," he said. (Chicago Tribune)
An allusion shows up in art, while illusions love kids' parties. If you believe something despite reality, you have a delusion.
WORD FAMILY
allusion: allusions+/ allude: alluded, alludes, alluding, allusion, allusive / allusive: allusively, allusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a while, you may wonder if there is more to this enigmatic, epigrammatic movie than a string of clever allusions and linguistic puzzles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Is this just a nice allusion to Joseph’s job as a carpenter?
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
No need for the left’s imagined jackbooted thugs or Hillary Clinton’s revolting allusion to “boxcars.”
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 暗指，间接提到; 影射; 典故
分布：暗示(60%)，暗指(40%)
noun countable
■something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a particular thing or person 影射，暗指；典故
• The film is full of allusions to Hitchcock. 这部电影处处都在向希区考克致敬。
• Her novels are packed with literary allusions. 她的小说充满了文学典故。
n. 暗示；提及
 - connotation, reference, mention, reminder, implication

Word: salute
Front: salute
[səˈlu:t] (高研四六雅宝 8974/11386 -2)
Vocabulary: salute
(once / 213 pages)
1vn 2vn
A salute is a sign of respect. A soldier may salute senior officers by raising a hand to his or her head, or you may informally salute a neighbor with a tip of your hat.
Salute often has a military context, whether used as a verb or a noun. When gladiators showed up for a day’s work at the Coliseum in Ancient Rome, they had to be prepared to die in battle for the entertainment of the emperor. Beforehand, they would address the emperor with the Latin words “morituri te salutant”, which means “Those of us who are about to die salute you.” Many centuries later, the heavy metal band AC/DC would change those words to a song with a much happier sentiment: “For those about to rock, we salute you.” Rock on.
WORD FAMILY
salute: salutation, salutatory, saluted, saluter, salutes, saluting+/ salutation: salutations/saluter: saluters
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Enrollees receive large signs emblazoned with the program’s logo - a silhouette of a saluting soldier.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“This isn’t normal,” people said when white supremacists did a Nazi salute to Donald Trump during a conference on Pennsylvania Avenue.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 欢迎，致敬
vt. 向…致意; 赞扬，赞颂
vi. 致意，打招呼; 行礼
n. 致敬，欢迎; 敬礼; 举枪，举刀（礼）
时态：saluted, saluting, salutes
分布：致敬(45%)，敬礼(24%)，行礼(10%)，致意(10%)，欢迎(8%)，问候(3%)
→来自拉丁语 salutare,致意，打招呼，表达尊重或尊敬，来自 salutis,健康的，有益处的，来自
v./n.敬礼,鸣礼炮;迎接,欢迎Hostile shouts saluted their ears.怀有敌意的喊叫声传入他们耳中.
verb
SHOW RESPECT 表示尊敬
intransitive or transitive
■(especially of people in the armed forces) to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the head （尤指军人）敬礼
• Whenever you see an officer, you must salute. 只要见到军官就必须敬礼。
• The soldiers saluted the colonel. 士兵们向上校敬礼。
[sə'lu:t] verb
PRAISE 赞扬
transitive formal
■to honour or express admiration publicly for a person or an achievement 公开赞扬，赞颂
• On this memorable occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the association. 在这个难忘的时刻，我们对协会出色的成就表示赞扬。
• We salute you for your courage and determination. 我们对你的勇气和决心致敬。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
SHOW OF RESPECT 表示尊敬
■a gesture of respect made to someone by raising the right hand to the side of the head 敬礼
• The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it. 士兵向军官敬礼，军官回礼。
■an action, such as the firing of a gun, done to show respect to someone 致敬（如鸣礼炮等，以示对某人的尊敬）
• Full military honours and a 21-gun salute (= 21 guns fired at the same time) marked his funeral. 他的葬礼是最高规格的军葬礼，鸣21响礼炮。
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
PRAISE 赞扬
■an action or gesture to honour or show your admiration for a person or achievement 举手礼，举枪礼（一种动作或姿势，以表示尊敬某人或其成就，或表示对某人或其成就的钦佩）
[sə'lu:t] noun countable
take the salute
■When a person of high rank takes the salute, they stand and watch while soldiers march past saluting them. （高级军官在阅兵时）接受敬礼，行答礼
hail, salute, address, welcome, greet
这组词都有“欢迎、致敬，致意，招呼”的意思，其区别是：
hail: 主要指怀着敬意欢迎某人，侧重欢快轻松和嘈杂。也指隔得较远的高声招呼。
salute: 正式用词，指用敬礼、亲吻或挥帽等动作向他人致意或问候，尤指以某种礼节欢迎某人。
address: 侧重打招呼的方式或指所使用的称谓。
welcome: 多指热情的官方的或正式的迎接或欢迎，但也指一般的欢迎。
greet: 常指友好而热诚地欢迎。
n. 致敬，欢迎；敬礼
 - welcome, Huanying
vt. 行礼致敬，欢迎
 - greet, be welcome to
vi. 致意，打招呼；行礼
 - say hello, touch one's hat

Word: garnish
Front: garnish
[ˈgɑ:nɪʃ] (托宝 9470/16756 -1)
Vocabulary: garnish
(once / 1653 pages)
1vn 2v
A garnish is a decoration or embellishment, often used with food. It is also the verb that means to do the decorating: you can garnish a baked fish with a garnish of lemon slices and parsley.
Long ago, in 14th-century France, the word garnir meant, in part, "to warn or defend," a meaning that survived in one of the meanings of garnish, "to seize wages to pay a debt." But word meanings often branch out, and "to warn" came to mean "to arm oneself," and later "to fit out or equip." It came to mean "to embellish" in Middle English, and, from the late 17th century on, the word was used commonly for the embellishment or decoration of food.
WORD FAMILY
garnish: garnished, garnishes, garnishing, garnishment+/garnishment: garnishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
She then mixes it with coconut milk, tops it off with ginger beer and garnishes it with fresh curry leaves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drain the pieces and place on a platter, garnishing with the green onion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Now add the fancy garnishes, suitably festive but more affordable than the typical trappings.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰，文饰; 给…加配菜; [法]传讯
n. 装饰，装饰品; 华丽的词藻; 配菜; <俚>勒索金
时态：garnished, garnishing, garnishes
分布：装饰(65%)，装饰品(20%)，配菜(10%)，勒索金(5%)
→来自法语。来自wer, 保护，隐藏，词源同warrant, weir. 后指装饰。
装饰;加配菜(garn+ish表动词)[gar,garn=furnish,表示"装饰,供应"]
【记】gar花－装饰的物品
US ['gɑ:r-] verb transitive
■to decorate food with a small amount of different food 在（食物）上加饰菜，（用菜）为（食物）加装饰
• Garnish the dish with parsley before serving. 这道菜端上桌之前，上面配些欧芹点缀一下。
UK ['gɑ:.nɪʃ] US ['gɑ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
■a small amount of different food used to decorate a dish or serving of food 在（食物）上加饰菜，（用菜）为（食物）加装饰
• a lemon and herb garnish 用柠檬和香草做的饰菜
vt. [建] 装饰
 - paint, hang, set sth out
n. 为增加色香味而添加的配菜； [建] 装饰品
 - decoration, trimming

Word: divergent
Front: divergent
[daɪ'vɜ:dʒənt] (托宝 11171/15506)
Vocabulary: divergent
(once / 1926 pages)
adj
Something divergent is moving away from what is expected. Two divergent paths are moving in opposite directions — away from each other.
Things that are divergent are diverging — moving away from a path or a standard. A teacher who comes to work in a clown outfit is being divergent; a clown who comes to work in a business suit is also being divergent. A stream is divergent if it is moving in the opposite direction of a river. A politician who is divergent might leave his political party. Divergent people and things are changing course — moving off the beaten path.
WORD FAMILY
divergent: divergence, divergently+/ diverge: diverged, divergency, divergent, diverges, diverging/ divergence: divergences/divergency: divergencies/diverging: divergingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such wildly divergent outcomes between campus and police investigations erode confidence in both systems.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
“There are such divergent versions of the incident,” said Darnell Williams, of the Urban League of Eastern Massachusetts.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But then two divergent arcs of development followed.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 有分歧的; 叉开的; 发散的; 扩散的
分布：分歧的(76%)，偏离的(16%)，分开的(8%)
【反】confluence（n 汇合）－divergence（n 分歧）－unification（n 统一）
ADJ-GRADED
有分歧的;不同的;相异的
Divergent things are different from each other.
例：...two people who have divergent views on this question...在这个问题上意见相左的两个人
例：Similar customs were known in widely divergent cultures such as Ancient Egypt and Scandinavia.在大不相同的文化中有一些相似的习俗，比如古埃及和斯堪的纳维亚之间。
adj. 相异的， [光] 分歧的； [心理] [数] 散开的
 - alien, dissimilative

Word: swivel
Front: swivel
[ˈswɪvl] (11169/12552 -1)
Vocabulary: swivel
(once / 4641 pages)
vn
A swivel is a device that allows something to turn freely. Desk chairs are often designed so the seat can swivel atop the base. In the hospital, the TV is usually mounted on a swivel so that patients can adjust it.
Swivel comes from a middle English word, swive, meaning to sweep. It’s often used to describe gun mountings, like on a tank or a boat where a gun is fastened down but can still be swung around in any direction. But people can also swivel. If you were in the middle of robbing a bank and you heard a noise behind you, you’d probably swivel around quickly to see what it was.
WORD FAMILY
swivel: swiveled, swiveling, swivelled, swivelling, swivels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama often reads through it in a leather swivel chair at his tablelike desk, under a portrait of President Ulysses S. Grant.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
It’s still so puffy,’” said Jihan Thompson, a former magazine editor and a founder of the beauty booking app Swivel.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The England captain swivelled and connected on the half-volley, but Hennessey reacted smartly enough to push the attempt round the post.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 转节; 转环; 旋轴; 旋转接头
vt. & vi. （使）旋转; 在枢轴上转动; （把身子或脸等）转向另一方; 转身
时态：swivelled, swivelling, swivels
分布：转体(70%)，转换仪器(30%)
→来自古英语 swifan,旋转，转动，来自 Proto-Germanic*swif,旋转，来自 swei,弯，转，摇 摆，词源同 swing,sweep.-el,工具格后缀。
verb intransitive or transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to (cause to) turn round a central point in order to face in another direction （使）转动，使）旋转
• She swivelled round to look out of the window. 她转过身看着窗外。
• The ostrich swivelled its head in our direction. 鸵鸟把头转向我们。
['swɪv.əl] adjective [before noun]
■turning around a central point to face in another direction （使）转动，（使）旋转
• a swivel chair 旋转椅
• a swivel lamp 旋转灯
vt. [机] 使旋转
 - turn, spin, swing
vi. [机] 旋转
 - wheel, circle, spin, go round and round

Word: forage
Front: forage
[ˈfɒrɪdʒ] (托宝 11147/15297 -1)
Vocabulary: forage
(once / 1432 pages)
vn
To forage is to wander around looking for food. When it’s cold and snowy outside, birds may forage for food in your backyard, digging around for whatever they can find.
The verb forage often describes animals searching for food, but it can also be applied to people. In those circumstances it retains the slightly desperate sense of coming up with whatever is available. For example, if you want to cook dinner but have no time to go to the grocery store, you might forage your refrigerator and cabinets to find good substitutes for ingredients in your recipe.
WORD FAMILY
forage: foraged, forager, forages, foraging+/forager: foragers/foraging: foragings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He spent the day before foraging for food in an empty lot, because there was nothing to eat at home.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The birds are a familiar sight in the Mid-Columbia, foraging under dams such as the Wanawish on the Yakima River in the Horn Rapids area.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Essentially: dressing up like Florence Welch’s cat-lady aunt after a day spent foraging for oyster mushrooms.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 牛马饲料; 寻找粮草
vi. 搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）; （尤指用手）搜寻（东西）
时态：foraged, foraging, forages
分布：饲料(82%)，喂(9%)，搜寻粮草(4%)，粮草(4%)，掠夺(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*fodram, 食物，觅食，词源同food, fodder.
US ['fɔ:r-] verb intransitive
■to go from place to place searching, especially for food 搜寻；（尤指）觅食
• The children had been living on the streets, foraging for scraps and sleeping rough. 那些孩子无家可归，四处寻找残羹剩饭，露宿街头。
• The pigs foraged in the woods for acorns. 那些猪在树林里找橡果吃。
UK ['fɒr.ɪdʒ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■food grown for horses and farm animals （马等家畜的）草料，饲料
• winter forage 冬季饲料
• forage crops. 饲料作物
n. [畜牧] 饲料；草料；搜索
 - feed, scanning, searching
vi. 搜寻粮草；搜寻
 - search, hunt for

Word: certain
Front: certain
[ˈsɜ:tn] (中高研四 577/440 -K3)
Vocabulary: certain
(once / 13 pages)
adj
When you're certain, you're sure about something. When you raise your hand to give the answer, you feel certain that you are correct.
Certain can mean "definite" or "sure to happen," like getting wet, a certain outcome of not having an umbrella in a rainstorm. It can also refer to a particular person or thing. You can use it avoid explaining something unnecessarily — you might say, "There are certain things I want to do when I get home." To avoid saying someone's name, you can say, "a certain person," as in, "A certain person left the kitchen a mess."
WORD FAMILY
certain: certainer, certainest, certainly, incertain, uncertain +/ uncertain: uncertainly, uncertainness
USAGE EXAMPLES
They tally the number of medication errors, the number of patients injured in falls and the number who develop infections after certain types of surgery.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Problem: A lack of accurate information about how to achieve certain hairstyles and where to find a high quality stylist.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But he’s not certain that will be the case and isn’t sure about Cousins’ desire to be back.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 某一; 必然的; 已确定的
pron. [动词用复数]某些
分布：某些(62%)，某种(14%)，肯定的(6%)，特定的(6%)，确定的(5%)，某几个(4%)，某事(1%)，某人(1%)，轻微的(1%)
→来自krei, *sker, 切，分开。词源同crisis, crime, discriminate, shear.
a.确实的,肯定的,必然的;某个,某些There might be a certain bug in the machine.机器里面可能有些毛病.
US ['sɝ:-] adjective
IN NO DOUBT 无疑问的
 ESSENTIAL
■having no doubt or knowing exactly that something is true, or known to be true, correct, exact or effective 肯定的，无疑的；有把握的；确定的
• [+ (that)] Are you absolutely certain (that) you gave them the right number? 你敢肯定你给他们的号码没错吗？
• I feel certain (that) you're doing the right thing. 我确信你做得对。
• You should make certain (that) everyone understands the instructions. 你应该确保大家都能听懂指令。
• The police seem certain (that) they will find the people responsible for the attack. 警方似乎确信他们会查出谁须对这次袭击事件负责。
• [+ question word] I'm not certain how much it will cost. 我不能确定这要花费多少钱。
• He was quite certain about/of his attacker's identity. 他对袭击他的人的身份十分肯定。
• One thing is certain - she won't resign willingly. 有一点是肯定的——她不会心甘情愿地辞职。
know/say for certain
■to know or state something without doubt 确切知道／肯定地说
• I don't know for certain if she's coming. 我不能肯定她是否会来。
• I can't say for certain how long I'll be there. 我说不准我在那里会留多久。
UK ['sɜ:.tən] US ['sɝ:-] adjective
EXTREMELY LIKELY 极有可能的
 IMPROVER
■impossible to avoid or extremely likely 不可避免的，必然的；极可能的
• [+ to infinitive] The population explosion is certain to cause widespread famine. 人口激增必然会引起大范围的饥荒。
• Oil prices are certain to rise following the agreement to limit production. 限制石油生产的协议签订后油价必然会上涨。
• After all his hard work, he's certain to pass his exams. 他这么用功，一定会通过考试的。
• The team looks almost certain to win the match. 这支球队看上去几乎准能赢得比赛。
• [+ (that)] It is virtually certain (that) she will win the gold medal. 几乎可以肯定她会赢得金牌。
• Even if a ceasefire can be agreed, how can they make certain (that) neither side breaks it? 即使双方都同意停火，他们又怎么能确保对方不会出尔反尔呢？
• Cancer sufferers no longer face certain death as they once did. 癌症患者不再像从前那样面临着必死的命运了。
• This scandal will mean certain defeat for the party in the election. 这桩丑闻将意味着该党在选举中必败无疑。
UK ['sɜ:.tən] US ['sɝ:-] adjective
NAMED 指名的
[before noun] formal
■named but neither famous nor known well 某个，某位
• I had lunch today with a certain George Michael - not the George Michael, I should explain. 我今天和一位叫乔治‧麦可的人共进了午餐——我必须说明一下，不是那个乔治‧麦可。
UK ['sɜ:.tən] US ['sɝ:-] adjective
LIMITED 有限度的
[before noun]
■limited 有限的
• I like modern art to a certain extent/degree , but I don't like the really experimental stuff. 在一定程度上我还是喜欢现代艺术的，可是不喜欢太实验性的东西。
UK ['sɜ:.tən] US ['sɝ:-] determiner
 ESSENTIAL
■particular but not named or described （没有指明或描述的）某，某个，某些
• We have certain reasons for our decision, which have to remain confidential. 我们作出这样的决定是有一定原因的，这些原因仍需保密。
• Do you think war is justifiable in certain circumstances? 你是否认为在某些情况下战争是正当的？
• The song has a certain appeal, but I'm not sure what it is. 这首歌有某种感染力，可是我说不出到底是甚么。
• Certain members of the audience may disagree with what I'm about to say. 听众中某些人可能会对我要说的有异议。
UK ['sɜ:.tən] US ['sɝ:-] pronoun formal
■some
• Certain of the candidates were well below the usual standard, but others were very good indeed. 有些候选人与一般的标准相距甚远，但其他一些确实很出色。
definite, certain, positive, sure
这组词都有“无疑的，确信的”的意思，其区别是：
definite: 指已毫无怀疑的余地。
certain: 与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
positive: 语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
sure: 侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
adj. 某一；必然的；确信；无疑的；有把握的
 - inevitable, some, necessary, automatic, secure

Word: partisan
Front: partisan
[ˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn] (托雅宝 6222/12289 -1)
Vocabulary: partisan
(once / 460 pages)
1nadj 2n
If something is prejudicial towards a particular point of view, you can call it partisan. You'll often hear of the partisan politics in the U.S.— since politicians seem to be completely devoted to the agendas of their own parties.
Partisan can be used to describe rabid supporters of any person or activity. In American English, however, it is most often used to refer to politics and the American two-party system of Democrats and Republicans. A bill introduced may have partisan support from the party that introduced the bill, or — more rarely it seems to American voters — the bill may even have bipartisan support. The prefix bi is added to show the support from both parties.
WORD FAMILY
partisan: bipartisan, nonpartisan, partisanly, partisans, partisanship +/ bipartisan: bipartisanly/ nonpartisan: nonpartisans/ partisanship: nonpartisanship, partisanships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pelowski points to reforms that ended social interaction among lawmakers as the start of a partisan shift.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His hope, however far-fetched, was that Trump, by demolishing traditional Party ideologies, might somehow help people move beyond hardened partisan positions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But as Republicans plan to reserve the first 100 days of Congress for their more partisan goals, Democrats are preparing roadblocks.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 党派性的; 偏袒的; 游击队的
n. 党羽，强硬支持者; 游击队员; 戟的一种
分布：游击队员(40%)，党羽(27%)，党派性的(18%)，偏袒的(10%)，强烈支持者(5%)
→来自part,部分，分支，-isan,人，词源同artisan.引申词义分支机构，党派，后词义贬义化，用于指党羽，强硬支持者，盲从的，盲目的。
党徒;偏见者(parti[party党],一部分+san→党人→党徒)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
党徒(party党派)[-an表名词和形容词"…地方,...人]
【记】party党，san人－党人－党徒
US ['pɑ:r.tˌɪ.zən] adjective
■strongly supporting a person, principle or political party, often without considering or judging the matter very carefully （常指盲目）支持的，拥护的；偏袒的
• The audience was very partisan, and refused to listen to her speech. 听众的党派观念很强，拒绝听她的演讲。
• partisan politics 党性政治；党派政治
⇒ See also bipartisan
(also partizan) UK [ˌpɑ:.tɪ'zæn/ UK ['---] US ['pɑ:r.tˌɪ.zən] noun countable
■(in a country which has been defeated) a member of a secret armed force whose aim is to fight against the enemy which is controlling the country （沦陷区内的）游击队员，武装抗敌分子
■someone who supports a person, principle or political party 虔诚的信徒，热烈的支持者；党徒，党羽
adj. 党派的；效忠的；偏袒的；盲目推崇的
 - political, committed
n. 游击队；虔诚信徒；党羽
 - Guerrillas, underlings

Word: binary
Front: binary
[ˈbaɪnəri] (11187/7467 -1)
Vocabulary: binary
(once / 5240 pages)
1adjn 2n
Something that can be broken into two categories is binary. Binary means something close to dual or double.
You can remember what binary means if you know that bi- means two. Black and white are often set up as a binary, as are light and dark and good and evil. One binary we see all the time is the male and female symbols you see on bathroom doors. In computing, binary is a code of zeros and ones (computer programming) also known as base two. A binary is also a double star — two stars revolving around each other.
WORD FAMILY
binary: binaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The guidelines are three pages with a stated purpose of supporting “athletes choosing to express their gender beyond the binary of female and male.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Punk rock fliers were intentionally crude and often binary in design.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
But as president he will tackle a world that is not easily reduced to binary statements and the logic of “us versus them.”
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 双重的，由两个东西组成的; 二态的; 二元的; 二进制的
n. 一双; 双体; 二进制数; 双子星
分布：二进制(79%)，二元(17%)，二元的(3%)，二进位的(1%)
→前缀bi-, 二, 在元音前变bin-.
US [-nɚ-] adjective
■consisting of two parts 双的；由两部分组成的
adj. [数] 二进制的；二元的， [电子] 二态的
 - dualistic, bibasic

Word: dated
Front: dated
[ˈdeɪtɪd] (托 11152/11156)
Vocabulary: dated
(once / 427 pages)
adj
Something that's dated is very obviously old-fashioned or out of style. Your grandmother's expectation that you send her a written thank-you note whenever she gives you a gift might seem a little dated to you.
Some people can wear thrift shop clothes from the 1980s and look stylish, while others just look dated. And while some movies are still funny even years after they're released, the jokes in others just seem dated. This word meaning "old-fashioned" has been around since the turn of the 20th century, from date, which means both "to mark with a date" and also "to mark as old-fashioned."
WORD FAMILY
dated: datedly, undated+/ antedate: antedated, antedates, antedating/datable: undatable/ date: antedate, datable, dateable, dated, dateless, dates, dating, foredate, misdate, postdate, predate /dateless: datelessly/dating: datings/misdate: misdated, misdates, misdating/postdate: postdated, postdates, postdating/ predate: predated, predates, predating
USAGE EXAMPLES
“European engines in that period, many of them dated back to the prewar era. American engines were state-of-the-art designs.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Yes, “The Party” is dated, but Sellers’ comic expressions are timeless — and pricelessly funny.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
But there’s nothing dated about its sound here, especially as Mr. Harper tears into a tenor saxophone solo, around the five-minute mark.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 有日期的; 陈旧的
v. 过时( date的过去式和过去分词 ); 使…显老; 显示出…时代（或年龄）; 鉴定…的年代
分布：过时的(61%)，陈旧的(33%)，动词date的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■old-fashioned 过时的，老套的，落伍的
• Spy thrillers with plots based on the Cold War look particularly dated nowadays. 冷战题材的惊险间谍影片现在看起来尤为落伍。
adj. 陈旧的；过时的；有日期的
 - old, ancient

Word: sprout
Front: sprout
[spraʊt] (研托雅宝 7981/11559 -1)
Vocabulary: sprout
(once / 1314 pages)
vn
A sprout is a small growth on a plant — a little new bud. Other things can sprout too: kids are constantly sprouting (growing).
The key thing to think of when you're trying to remember the meaning of sprout is growth — as a noun, a sprout is a new growth of a plant, and as a verb, to sprout means to grow. Sprouting mainly applies to height and to the young, whether you're talking about plants, people, or things. An older person who gains fifty pounds is growing but not sprouting.
WORD FAMILY
sprout: sprouted, sprouting, sprouts+/sprouting: sproutings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In winter that means lots of carrots, baby brussels sprouts and apples.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
New venture-capital arms of large corporations seem to sprout up every few months, enabling their executives to mingle and hunt for partnerships and acquisitions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Available at Sprouts and through home or office delivery.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 发芽; 抽芽
vt. 使发芽; 使生长
n. 幼芽，新梢; [植]球芽甘蓝; 幼苗状物，年轻人; 美俚〉后代
时态：sprouted, sprouting, sprouts
分布：芽(73%)，萌芽(19%)，迅速成长(3%)，长芽(3%)，年幼者(2%)
→来自古英语-sprutan,发芽，出现，来自 Proto-Germanic*sprut,发芽，来自 spreud,发芽， 来自 sper,喷，洒，播种，词源同 spark,sprinkle.引申诸相关词义。
vi.发芽,抽条vt.使发芽n.新芽,嫩苗Buds sprout in the spring.芽在春天萌发.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to produce leaves, hair and other new developing parts, or (of leaves, hair and other developing parts) to begin to grow 发（芽），抽（芽）；长出（毛发等）；（叶、毛发等）生长
• It takes about three days for the seeds to sprout. 这些种子大概要三天时间才会发芽。
• Your hair is sticking up - it looks like you're sprouting horns! 你的头发竖起来了——看起来跟长了角一样！
intransitive (also sprout up) informal
■If a large number of things sprout (up), they suddenly appear or begin to exist 涌现；突然出现
• New factories have sprouted up everywhere. 新工厂如雨后春笋般地四处涌现。
[spraʊt] noun countable
■a part of a plant that is just beginning to grow 苗；新芽；嫩枝
mainly UK * a brussels sprout
vi. 发芽；长芽
 - put, come into bud
vt. 使发芽；使萌芽
 - germinate, bud
n. [植] 芽；萌芽；苗芽
 - seed, bud

Word: Dane
Front: Dane
[deɪn] (9795/7231)
Back: n. 丹麦人；戴恩（男子名）
分布：丹麦人(100%)
noun countable
■Dane 丹麦人
⇒ See also Danish

Word: antioxidant
Front: antioxidant
[ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt] (11143/-)
Back: n. 抗氧化剂，硬化防止剂
分布：抗氧化剂(100%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根ox, 氧，见oxygen.
US [-tˌi-] noun countable
■a substance which slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization (= combining with oxygen) 抗氧化剂，阻氧化剂，防老（化）剂
n. 抗氧化剂；硬化防止剂； [助剂] 防老化剂
 - oxidation inhibitor, aging proof agent

Word: thorn
Front: thorn
[θɔ:n] (研四六托雅宝 11159/9881 -1)
Back: n. 刺; 棘刺，荆棘; 带刺的植物; 刺痛
分布：刺(72%)，荆棘(28%)
→来自古英语 thorn,刺，荆棘，来自 Proto-Germanic*thurnuz,刺，来自 stei,尖刺，尖木棍， 词源同 stick,thistle.
n.刺,荆棘The attorney's horn lies horizontally in the thorns.代理律师的号角水平地躺在荆棘中.
US [θɔ:rn] noun countable
■a small sharp pointed growth on the stem of a plant （植物茎上的）刺，荆棘
UK [θɔ:n] US [θɔ:rn] noun countable
thorn in your flesh/side
■a person or thing that repeatedly annoys you or causes you pain 肉中刺，眼中钉
• A relentless campaigner, he was a thorn in the government's side for a number of years. 作为一名不屈不挠的活动家，多年来他一直是政府的眼中钉。
n. [植] 刺；荆棘
 - thrust, spine

Word: tangle
Front: tangle
[ˈtæŋgl] (研六托雅宝 9440/10011 -2)
Vocabulary: tangle
(once / 261 pages)
1vn 2v
A tangle is a jumble. You might have a tangle of cords behind your computer or a tangle of complications related to your taxes. Whatever it is, once something is in a tangle, it's difficult to sort out.
The word tangle likely originated from a Scandinavian source — taggla, in a Swedish dialect, means “disarrange.” Tangle also can be used as a verb: you may tangle your hair as a fashion statement, but then it hurts to comb it out. As a noun, tangle can refer to an argument or a fight between two people: if you're really feisty, people might be warned away from getting into a tangle with you.
WORD FAMILY
tangle: entangle, tangled, tangles, tangling, untangle+/ disentangle: disentangled, disentanglement, disentangler, disentangles, disentangling/disentanglement: disentanglements/disentangler: disentanglers/ entangle: disentangle, entangled, entanglement, entangles, entangling/entanglement: entanglements/untangle: untangled, untangles, untangling/untangling: untanglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And her 13-month layoff is unusual in a sport where it is not uncommon for fighters to tangle several times a year.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Are these outbursts designed to distract the press from his almost incomprehensibly tangled economic conflicts of interest?
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Artists now seem to be tangling with and reflecting these dark undertones in their work.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 纠缠，纠纷; 混乱，慌乱; 昏乱的状态; 争论
vt. & vi. （使）缠结，（使）乱作一团; 使陷入，捕获; 使纠纷; 参加辩论、争执或冲突
时态：tangled, tangling, tangles
分布：纠纷(27%)，纠缠(18%)，缠结(16%)，混乱(15%)，使混乱(6%)，使陷入(6%)，乱作一团(4%)，使缠结(4%)，争论(4%)
→来自中古英语 tagilen,卷入，缠结，来自 Proto-Germanic*thangul,海藻，海草，词源同 entangle. 比喻用法。
n.纠缠;缠结;混乱v.(使)缠绕;变乱His foot became tangled in the rope.他的一只脚被绳子缠住.
noun countable
■an untidy mass of things that are not in a state of order, or a state of confusion or difficulty 纠结的一团；纠结；混乱
• a tangle of wires 一团乱糟糟的电线
['tæŋ.gl] verb informal
intransitive or transitive
■to become or form, or to make something into, an untidy disorganized mass 使混乱，使缠绕纠结，使乱作一团
⇒ See also entangle
['tæŋ.gl] verb informal
  Phrasal Verbs  tangle with sb
■to become involved with someone, usually by arguing or fighting with them 与（某人）有瓜葛；（通常指）与（某人）争吵（或打架）
• He was a self-opinionated, overbearing tyrant, and he was the last man she should want to tangle with. 他这个人固执己见、盛气凌人、专横跋扈，她绝不要与他有甚么瓜葛。
n. 纠纷；混乱状态
 - dissension, entanglemant
vt. 使纠缠；处于混乱状态
 - intertangle, entangle
vi. 缠结；乱作一团
 - rough and tumble

Word: blackout
Front: blackout
[ˈblækaʊt] (11202/16227 -1)
Vocabulary: blackout
(once / 6331 pages)
1n 2n
A blackout is a sudden loss of electricity in a town or city. If you experience a blackout, it's helpful to have flashlights and candles handy.
During a war or an energy crisis, a city may impose a blackout on its citizens, requiring them to turn off all lights and, during bombing raids, to cover windows and limit activity. There is also a figurative kind of blackout, when a government suppresses information deliberately, not allowing newspapers and TV stations to report what's really happening. Someone who faints or passes out experiences yet another kind of blackout, a loss of consciousness.
WORD FAMILY
blackout: blackouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cybersecurity experts say a hack in December 2015 destabilized Kiev’s power grid, causing a blackout in part of the Ukrainian capital.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There are severe electricity blackouts, so the hospital operates most of the time on generators.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Internet monitoring groups believe the outages are calculated blackouts designed to block the spread of militant propaganda.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 灯火管制; 灯火熄灭; 暂时失去知觉
分布：断电(49%)，灯火管制(41%)，暂时的意识丧失(10%)
noun countable
HIDE 掩藏
■a time when all lights must be hidden by law, or when there is no light or power because of an electricity failure 灯火管制时期；断电时期；断电，停电
• war-time blackouts 战时灯火管制
• Power lines were blown down and we had a blackout of several hours. 电线被吹断了，我们停了几个小时电。
■the action taken to make certain that information about something is not reported to the public 消息封锁
• a news blackout 新闻封锁
['blæk.aʊt] noun countable
UNCONSCIOUSNESS 昏迷
■a short period of unconsciousness 暂时晕倒；暂时失去知觉
• He can't drive because he suffers from blackouts. 因为短暂昏迷他无法开车。
n. 灯火管制；灯火熄灭；暂时的意识丧失
 - dimout

Word: cop
Front: cop
[kɒp] (研雅 2199/6717 -2)
Vocabulary: cop
(once / 828 pages)
1n 2v 3v
A cop is a police officer. If you realize you're speeding in a school zone, you might look around nervously, hoping you won't see a cop.
Cop is an informal, somewhat derogatory word for a police officer. When it's a verb, it means "to steal" or to "strike an attitude." An angry cop might say to a young troublemaker, "Hey, don't cop an attitude with me!" In the US, a legal defendant can also "cop a plea," or agree to a plea bargain. The earliest meaning of cop was "to catch," probably from the Latin capere, "to take."
WORD FAMILY
cop: copped, copping, cops
USAGE EXAMPLES
We need to free ourselves from the fantasy that we are world saviors or even successful cops.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“I thought, My God, you’re responsible for killing cops, and here you are laughing?”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Mendieta is a classic pulp detective: hapless, tough and driven, kind of corrupt but the only cop around not on the cartel’s payroll.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 〈俚〉警察; 管纱; 〈英方〉（山）顶
vt. 偷盗; 抓住，获得; 取走
时态：copped, copping, cops
分布：警察(99%)，纺锤状线团、管纱(1%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，握，词源同capture, captive.
n.警察(slang俚语)I will call the cops.我去叫警察.
US [kɑ:p] noun
OFFICER 警官
countable (UK old-fashioned copper) informal
■a police officer
• Quick, run - there's a cop coming! 快跑——员警来了！
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] noun
QUALITY 品质
not much cop slang
■not very good 不太好，不怎么样
• His last book wasn't much cop. 他上一本书不怎么样。
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] noun
CRIME 罪行
only singular See it's a fair cop at fair
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
CRIME 罪行 UK slang
■to arrest someone for a crime 拘捕，逮捕
• He was copped for driving without a licence last week. 上星期他因无牌驾驶被拘捕。
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
TAKE 拿 slang
■to take or hold 抓，拿，握
• Cop (hold of) that, would you - I can't carry both myself. 拿一下好不好——我一个人拿不了两个。
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
cop a feel US slang
■to touch someone in a sexual way without their permission （未经对方许可挑逗性）触碰
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
cop a plea slang US
■to admit to having committed a crime in order to avoid being punished for a more serious crime 承认有罪以求轻判
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
cop it UK informal
■to be punished or spoken to severely because you have done something wrong 受罚；挨骂
• You'll really cop it if your parents find out you've been stealing. 要是你父母发现你一直在偷东西，那就有你好看的了。
UK [kɒp] US [kɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  cop out slang
■to avoid doing something that you should do or that you have promised to do because you are frightened, shy, or you think it is too difficult 逃避，退出
• She copped out of the parachute jump at the last minute with some feeble excuse. 她在最后一刻找了个蹩脚的借口躲过了跳伞。
vt. 抓住
 - grasp, noble, collar, clutch at
n. 巡警，警官
 - patrolman, Irvine

Word: inward
Front: inward
[ˈɪnwəd] (研四六 11176/7924 -1)
Back: adj. 向内的; 内部的; 本质上的; 亲密的
adv. 向内; 内心里
n. 内部; 内脏
分布：内部的(24%)，向内(18%)，内部(16%)，向内的(13%)，内心的(13%)，亲密的(10%)，内在(6%)
→in-,在内，在里，-ward,朝向。
ad.向内,在内a.向内的,在内的,里面的Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
■on or towards the inside 里面的；向内的 Compare outward inside your mind and not expressed to other people 内心的
• inward feelings 内心的感受
UK ['ɪn.wəd] US [-wɚd] adverb (also inwards)
■towards the inside 向内地
• After the accident, her thoughts began to turn inward (= to her own interests or problems). 意外发生后，她开始反省自己。
• Fold the outside edges inward. 将外部边缘部分向内折。
interior, inward, inner, inside, internal
这组词都有“内部的，内在的”的意思，其区别是：
interior: 指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧；也可指内地的或国内的。
inward: 指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置；也可指内心的隐密活动。
inner: 含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。
inside: 多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与inner换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。
internal: 书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。
adj. [计] 向内的；内部的；精神的；本质上的；熟悉的
 - internal, inner, mental, familiar, spiritual
adv. 向内；内心里
 - inboard
n. 内部；内脏；密友
 - interior, inner, inside, familiar

Word: quarrel
Front: quarrel
[ˈkwɒrəl] (高研四六 11177/7746 -2)
Vocabulary: quarrel
(once / 141 pages)
1nv 2n
To quarrel is to fight — but usually not physically. Quarreling is a fact of life, occurring between the best of friends, in the happiest of marriages, and between parents and their children.
You’re probably familiar with the verb, quarrel, meaning having a disagreement. When there’s a quarrel, there’s anger. As a noun, quarrel, refers to the square-headed arrow shot from crossbow. This meaning of the word comes from the Old French quarel, relating to "square.” If you are quarreling, just don't reach for your crossbow and quarrel.
WORD FAMILY
quarrel: quarreled, quarreler, quarreling, quarrelled, quarreller, quarrelling, quarrels, quarrelsome +/quarreler: quarrelers/quarreller: quarrellers/ quarrelsome: quarrelsomely, quarrelsomeness, quarrelsomer
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it is not surprising that the overseers of a troubled fund would quarrel with a post-mortem on its investment approach.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In one of their running arguments, he recalled, she would quarrel with his notion that “everything happens for a reason.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They still are quarreling over how to handle a mass influx of migrants from the Middle East and Africa.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 争吵，口角; 反目; 抱怨…的原因（理由）; [史]方镞箭，角镞箭
vi. 争辩，争吵; 不同意; 挑剔; 责备，埋怨
时态：quarrelled, quarrelling, quarrels
分布：吵架(63%)，争论(22%)，挑剔(10%)，怨言(5%)
→来自拉丁语queri,争吵，抱怨，词源同querulous.
争吵[quer=complain( 抱怨)]
v.争吵,争论n.争吵,争吵的原因The quarrelsome general quarreled about a quarter quart of oil in the headquarters.好争吵的将军在司令部为四分之一夸脱油而争吵.
US ['kwɔ:r-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an angry disagreement between two or more people or groups 争吵，不和
• They had a bitter quarrel about/over some money three years ago and they haven't spoken to each other since. 他们三年前因为钱的问题有过一次激烈的争吵，从此以后就互不理睬了。
• We have no quarrel with the people of your country (= We have no reason to disagree with or dislike them). 我们没有理由对贵国的人民感到不满。
• They seem to have patched up their quarrel (= finished their disagreement and started to be friendly). 他们似乎在争吵后言归于好了。
UK ['kwɒr.əl] US ['kwɔ:r-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to have an angry disagreement with someone 争吵，不和
• What did you quarrel about/over ? 你们为甚么而争吵？
• She quarrelled with everyone in the village. 她跟村里的每一个人都争吵过。
UK ['kwɒr.əl] US ['kwɔ:r-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
  Phrasal Verbs  quarrel with sth
■to think that something is wrong 认为某事物是错的
• No one can quarrel with the improvements that have been made. 没有人能否定已经取得的改善。
argue, reason, discuss, dispute, debate, quarrel
这组词都有“辩论，争论，说理”的意思，其区别是：
argue: 指提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
reason: 指据理力争以说服对方或求得对问题作更深入的研究。
discuss: 最常用词，指就某一或某些问题表明观点、看法等，以便统一认识，解决问题。
dispute: 侧重对分歧进行激烈或热烈的争论或争辩，带一定感情色彩，常隐含“各持已见”或“争论不休”意味。
debate: 侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩。
quarrel: 指两人之间或两个团体之间不友好的、吵吵嚷嚷地大声争论某事，尤指“吵嘴、吵架”。
argument, controversy, dispute, debate, conflict, strife, quarrel
这组词都有“争执、不和”的意思，其区别是：
argument: 指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
controversy: 侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
dispute: 普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
debate: 通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
conflict: 指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
strife: 指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
quarrel: 普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
vi. 吵架；争论；挑剔
 - debate, exchange words
n. 吵架；反目；怨言；争吵的原因；方头凿
 - falling-out, earful

Word: topping
Front: topping
[ˈtɒpɪŋ] (11189/19680 -1)
Back: n. 构成顶部的东西; 糕点上的装饰配料
adj. 杰出的，一流的; 高耸的
v. 加顶; 到达顶部(top的现在分词形式)
分布：一流的(46%)，构成顶部的东西(18%)，糕点上的装饰配料(18%)，动词top的现在分词形式.(9%)，显赫的(9%)
→来自 top,顶端，加顶，加盖，-ing,动名词后缀。后用于指给菜肴浇汁等。
US ['tɑ:.pɪŋ] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance, especially a sauce, cream or pieces of food, which is put on top of other food to give extra flavour and to make it look attractive （淋在食物上的）配料，淋上汁（尤指酱汁、鲜奶油等）
• pizza topping 薄饼上的配料
• a topping of toasted almonds 一层烤杏仁配料
adj. 杰出的，一流的；高耸的
 - outstanding, excellent, prominent, brilliant, splendid

Word: pricey
Front: pricey
[ˈpraɪsi] (11216/22831)
Back: adj. 价格高的，昂贵的
分布：昂贵的(94%)，过分昂贵的(6%)
(also pricy) ['praɪ.si] adjective informal (pricier, priciest)
■expensive 价格高的，贵重的
• It's a bit pricey but the food is wonderful. 这顿饭有点贵，不过好吃极了。
adj. 高价的，过分昂贵的
 - big-ticket, high-priced

Word: ignition
Front: ignition
[ɪgˈnɪʃn] (11173/12054 -1)
Vocabulary: ignition
(once / 6626 pages)
n
An ignition is the firing up of something, usually an engine. Without ignition, your vehicle isn't going anywhere.
You know how igniting is setting something on fire? That should help you remember that ignition means something is catching fire, like the gadget that ignites the fuel in an internal-combustion engine. Turning the key in a car causes ignition: now the car has started. If the car's battery is dead or there's no gas, ignition isn't possible, and the car won't start. To remember what ignition is, just say the catchphrase of the Human Torch: "Flame on!"
WORD FAMILY
ignition: ignitions+/ ignite: ignitable, ignited, igniter, ignites, ignitible, igniting, ignition, reignite /igniter: igniters/ reignite: reignited, reignites, reigniting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Strengthening Iowa’s ignition interlock laws, which are among the weakest in the nation, according to Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Scott says equipping ignition interlock devices with GPS is “overreach” and may be unconstitutional.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
An early review pointed to some kitchen appliances possibly being an ignition point, but that report is still in its early stages.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （汽油引擎的）发火装置; 着火，燃烧; 点火，点燃
分布：点火(96%)，点火器(4%)
→来自ignite,点火。
noun
countable usually singular
■the electrical system in an engine that causes the fuel to burn or explode in order to start the engine 点火装置，点火器
• Switch/Turn the ignition on. 打开点火开关。
• an ignition key 点火开关
uncountable formal
■the act or process of something starting to burn 着火；燃烧
n. [动力] 点火，点燃； [热] 着火，燃烧；点火开关，点火装置
 - combustion, burning, fires, inflammation

Word: grandma
Front: grandma
[ˈgrænmɑ:] (中 9804/9295 -1)
Vocabulary: grandma
(once / 1117 pages)
n
Your grandma is either your mom's mom or your dad's mom. Some people call their grandma "Granny" or "Nana" or "Oma."
Grandma is a very common, informal way to say "grandmother." While the preferences of grandmas vary, many of them enjoy being known as Grandma to their grandchildren. Most people use the word grandmother when they're writing or speaking generally or formally. Grandmama came first, around 1749, and grandma followed at the end of that century.
WORD FAMILY
grandma: grandmas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My grandma and grandpa plan their vacations around my schedule.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also volunteered with Carol at St. Anthony of Padua Catholic School, where the students called them “Grandma” and “Grandpa.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Throughout much of the ’90s, Fisher focused on her writing career, publishing Surrender the Pink and Delusions of Grandma.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 奶奶，外婆
na. <口>奶奶，外婆
分布：外婆(100%)
/'græm-] noun countable informal for
■ grandmother
n. 奶奶；外婆
 - nan, naan

Word: Arabian
Front: Arabian
[ə'reɪbɪən] (四六 11172/14808)
Back: n. 阿拉伯人
adj. 阿拉伯的；阿拉伯人的
分布：阿拉伯的(32%)，阿拉伯人(28%)，阿拉伯人的(25%)，阿拉伯马(15%)
阿拉伯的[-ian 1.表名词"某种人"2.表形容词"…国家的"]
ADJ
阿拉伯的；（尤指）沙特阿拉伯的
Arabian means belonging or relating to Arabia, especially to Saudi Arabia.
例：...the Arabian Peninsula.阿拉伯半岛
例：... an Arabian stallion.阿拉伯牡马

Word: murderous
Front: murderous
[ˈmɜ:dərəs] (11199/13956 -1)
Vocabulary: murderous
(once / 1046 pages)
adj
A person who's murderous is cruel and violent enough to kill someone. If you are experiencing a murderous rage, it's best to stay inside and away from the public.
A murderer, someone who kills deliberately, can be described as murderous. You can also use this adjective in an exaggerated way, simply to emphasize how mad someone is, like when you describe your brother's murderous expression when he realizes you've eaten the last of his Halloween candy. Murderous comes from murder, which in turn has its roots in the Old English morðor, "unlawful killing."
WORD FAMILY
murderous: murderously, murderousness+/ murder: murdered, murderer, murdering, murderous, murders/ murderer: murderers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hitman rewards the imaginative, and the imaginatively murderous.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
It remains unclear why Amri, 24, embarked on a 1,000-mile journey from Germany to Italy in the days after the murderous truck attack.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
She lost her husband to a murderous gang of Muslims when she was 24.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 蓄意谋杀的; 杀人的，残忍的; 凶残的
分布：蓄意谋杀的(28%)，要命的(21%)，行凶的(21%)，残忍的(18%)，凶恶的(12%)
→来自murder,谋杀，-ous,形容词后缀。即谋杀的，引申词义凶残的。
US ['mɝ:.dɚ-] adjective
■extremely dangerous and likely to commit murder 杀人的；凶恶的，凶残的
• He was a murderous gangster. 他是个杀人不眨眼的歹徒。
• She gave me a look of murderous hatred. 她恶狠狠地看了我一眼。
■informal
■extremely unpleasant 令人非常难受的
• The traffic was murderous today. 今天的交通堵得要命。
adj. 杀人的，残忍的；凶残的；蓄意谋杀的
 - cruel, brutal

Word: heady
Front: heady
[ˈhedi] (11197/11122 -1)
Vocabulary: heady
(once / 3887 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something that's heady is extremely thrilling. You might have a heady feeling as you walk up on stage to get your high school diploma.
Use the adjective heady to describe a sensation that is so exciting it makes you a little dizzy, a bit like being intoxicated. You could talk about the heady scent of your mom's rose garden or the heady feeling of winning the state spelling bee. The fourteenth century meaning of heady was "headstrong or impetuous," and it's sometimes still used in this way. By the 1570's, it had also come to mean "apt to go to the head," or "exhilarating."
WORD FAMILY
heady: headier, headiest, headily+/ forehead: foreheads/ head: forehead, headed, header, headful, heading, headless, headlike, heads, headship, heady, overhead, subhead/headed: headeder, headedest, headedly, unheaded/ header: headers/ heading: headings, subheading/headship: headships/ overhead: overheads/subhead: subheads/subheading: subheadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group have subsequently upped the speed at which they can propel water droplets to a heady ten millimetres a second.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
The sweet, heady odour that seeps from one of the rooms reveals its current function: cannabis production.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Even when he was leading NBC, Mr. Tinker fondly recalled the heady days when he, Moore and others were developing new shows at MTM.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽固的; 任性的; 兴奋的; （酒等）易使人醉的
级别：headier, headiest
分布：兴奋的(53%)，陶醉的(32%)，冲动的(5%)，头晕的(5%)，强烈作用于感官的(5%)
→head,头，-y,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
轻率的,任性的(一头往前冲→轻率的)[head=head,表示"头"]
adjective
■having a powerful effect, making you feel slightly drunk or excited 浓烈的；令人陶醉的；令人兴奋的
• a heady wine/perfume 易醉人的酒／香气浓郁的香水
• In the heady days of their youth, they thought anything was possible. 在他们风华正茂之时，他们认为一切皆有可能。
adj. 兴奋的；任性的；性急的；顽固的；使人头晕的
 - resistant, be excited

Word: restored
Front: restored
[rɪ'stɔ:d] (宝 11190/11638)
Back: v. 归还( restore的过去式和过去分词 ); 交还; 使恢复; 修复
分布：恢复的(100%)
【记】源于：restore（v 恢复；重建）
【参】restorative（adj 有助于复元的；n 滋补剂）
【反】dilapidated（adj 毁坏的；荒废的）
VERB
恢复
To restore a situation or practice means to cause it to exist again.
例：The army has recently been brought in to restore order...最近军队被调来重整秩序。
例：As they smiled at each other, harmony was restored again...他们彼此微笑的时候，又恢复了往日的和睦。
VERB
使恢复;使康复;使复原
To restore someone or something to a previous condition means to cause them to be in that condition once again.
例：We will restore her to health but it may take time...我们会让她恢复健康，但可能需要一些时间。
例：He said the ousted president must be restored to power...他说被赶下台的总统必须重新掌权。
VERB
修复(建筑、画或家具等)
When someone restores something such as an old building, painting, or piece of furniture, they repair and clean it, so that it looks like it did when it was new.
例：...experts who specialise in examining and restoring ancient parchments.专门致力于检查和修复古代羊皮纸文稿的专家
例：...the beautifully restored old town square.整修得很漂亮的古镇广场
VERB
归还;交还;返还
If something that was lost or stolen is restored to its owner, it is returned to them.
例：The following day their horses and goods were restored to them...第二天，马匹和货物都归还给了他们。
例：The looted property was restored and the chargé d'affaires was told that the soldiers responsible had been arrested.被劫财物已经物归原主，代办得知对此负有责任的士兵已被逮捕。
adj. 精力充沛的；精力恢复的
 - live, energetic, vigorous
v. 修复（restore的过去式）；恢复健康
 - renovated

Word: repel
Front: repel
[rɪˈpel] (研六托雅宝 11198/11198 -1)
Vocabulary: repel
(once / 410 pages)
v
Use the verb repel when you want to turn something away. You might drench yourself in bug spray to repel the mosquitoes that plague you when you go camping.
This versatile word can be used in relation to everything from bugs to unwanted romantic advances. The word repel can be used to describe the act of driving something away, as in the case of bugs or other pesky critters, including potential suitors. It can also be used to describe something that causes disgust or distaste. For example, the thought of eating snails might repel you.
WORD FAMILY
repel: repellant, repelled, repellent, repelling, repels, repulsive +/repellant: repellantly, repellants/ repellent: repellently, repellents/repelling: repellingly/ repulsive: repulsively, repulsiveness/repulsiveness: repulsivenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It looks like she is repelling them with her grace, courage and power.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
In fact, romantic notions of a natural world defined by innocence and harmony repel him.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This indigenous arsenal explains why the Seminoles were able to repel the U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 击退; 使厌恶; 抵制; 使不愉快
时态：repelled, repelling, repels
分布：击退(40%)，排斥(34%)，抵制(17%)，使反感(6%)，反感(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-pel,击，打，词源同 compel,propel.引申词义击退，驱逐。
驱除,击退(re+pel推→击退)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
击退(敌人),使...反感(re反+pel→推回去→击退)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
v.击退,抵制,使厌恶,使不愉快The expelled man repelled billions of rebellions.遭到驱逐的男子击退了数十亿次叛乱.
【记】re反，pel推－反推－击退；反感
【反】court（v 向…献殷勤）－repel intentionally（有意使反感）
[rɪ'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
FORCE AWAY 赶走
■to force something or someone to move away or stop attacking you 驱逐；逐回；击退；抗御
• This coat has a special surface that repels moisture. 这件外套的面是特殊料子做的，可以防潮。
• formal The defenders repelled the attack without losing any men. 守军击退了敌人的进攻，自己没有损失一个人。
■specialized
■to have a magnetic field which pushes away something with a similar magnetic field 排斥；相斥
• Similar poles of magnets repel each other, and opposite poles attract. 磁铁同极相斥，异极相吸。
[rɪ'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
CAUSE STRONG DISLIKE 使极反感
■People or things that repel you make you feel strongly that you do not want to be near, see or think about them 使厌恶；使极反感
• She was repelled by his ugliness. 她厌恶他那丑陋的相貌。
• Her arrogance repels many people. 她的傲慢令很多人十分反感。
reject, deny, decline, repel, frfuse
这组词都有“拒绝”的意思，其区别是：
reject: 多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。
deny: 指坚决地拒绝接受、给予或承认。
decline: 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等。
repel: 作“拒绝”解时，语气比reject强。
frfuse: 语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝。
vt. 击退；抵制；使厌恶；使不愉快
 - refuse, roll back

Word: bookshelf
Front: bookshelf
[ˈbʊkʃelf] (高雅 11170/22136 -1)
Back: n. 书架; 书橱
分布：书架(100%)
['bʊk.ʃelf] (plural bookshelves)
noun countable
■a shelf in a bookcase 书架

Word: fad
Front: fad
[fæd] (宝 11194/15200 -1)
Vocabulary: fad
(once / 2675 pages)
n
If it’s all the rage, everybody’s into it, your parents don’t get it, and teenage girls across the globe are trying to outdo each other with it, it’s officially a fad.
From hairstyles to hula hoops to saying “that’s hot,” fads are known to rise to crazed levels of popularity seemingly overnight. But they fade out just as fast, leaving late adopters with outdated sayings and some seriously uncool shoes. Much like a fad itself, no one has any real idea where this word came from. But it’s still in fashion some 144 years later.
WORD FAMILY
fad: faddish, faddist, faddy, fads+/ faddish: faddishly/faddist: faddists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I just wanted to keep up with the latest fad.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Séances were a fad; so were hypnotism, chiromancy and telepathy.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
What were the biggest differences from say the late 70s/early 80s generation when Hip Hop was considered a fad or an uptown phenomenon?
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 一时的流行; 一时的风尚; 一时的怪念头
abbr. [生化](=flavin adenine dinucleotide)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸
分布：时尚(94%)，一时流行的狂热(6%)
→可能来自拉丁语fatuus, 无味的，愚笨的，词源同fatuous. 原义为小的兴趣爱好，癖好。后用来指没主见，盲目跟风，一时狂热。
【记】fad很短暂，所以很快就会fade（vi 减弱下去；褪色；消失）
【参】faddish（adj 趋于时尚的；风行的）
noun countable
■a style, activity or interest which is very popular for a short period of time 一时的风尚；短暂的狂热
• the latest health fad 最新健康时尚
• There was a fad for wearing ripped jeans a few years ago. 几年前有一阵子流行穿有洞的牛仔裤。
n. 时尚；一时的爱好；一时流行的狂热
 - fashion, mode, style

Word: espionage
Front: espionage
[ˈespiənɑ:ʒ] (宝 11218/14525 -1)
Vocabulary: espionage
(once / 2432 pages)
n
It's no secret: espionage is the act of organized spying, usually with the goal of uncovering sensitive military or political information.
If the government has relocated you to a foreign country, made you change your name, given you a fake mustache to wear, and instructed you to hide in a closet at the presidential palace and report back weekly on what you overhear, then you are engaging in espionage. This noun is similar to snooping, but generally applies to much more serious situations, like when countries or businesses spy on each other to try to obtain top secret information.
WORD FAMILY
espionage: counterespionage, espionages
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include such evils as copyright infringement, cybercrime, the invasion of privacy, hate speech, espionage—and perhaps cyberwar.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
In the meantime, her husband was charged with espionage and transferred to a prison medical ward.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“But it’s not just corporate espionage. The Bay Area is home to a lot of military installations.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 侦察; 间谍活动
分布：间谍活动(100%)
→e-, 缓音字母。spy, 间谍。
【记】espion＝spy（n 间谍）；spy作词根是“看”的意思
noun uncountable
■the discovering of secrets, especially political or military information of another country or the industrial information of a business （尤指获取他国政治、军事情报或商业情报的）间谍活动，间谍行为，刺探活动
• military/industrial espionage 军事间谍活动／产业间谍行为
⇒ See also spy
n. 间谍；间谍活动；刺探
 - illegal, secret agent

Word: prenatal
Front: prenatal
[ˌpri:ˈneɪtl] (11234/28971)
Vocabulary: prenatal
(once / 14538 pages)
adj
Use the adjective prenatal to describe something that happens prior to a baby's birth, like a special prenatal yoga class for pregnant women.
The word prenatal has been around since the 1830s, mostly as a medical term to describe the state of a pregnant woman or her fetus. The word is made up of pre, "before" in Modern Latin, and natal, which comes from natus, Latin for "to be born." There are prenatal vitamins, prenatal exercise classes, and prenatal checkups — all for women who are expecting babies. Interestingly, an anagram for prenatal is parental.
WORD FAMILY
prenatal: prenatally+/ natal: antenatal, natality, natally, neonatal, postnatal, prenatal
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state health department is offering a free test to any woman who is not yet enrolled in prenatal care by the second trimester.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Prenatal professionals encourage women to concentrate on a focal point to keep them relaxed and concentrated on their breathing.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Experts say a lack of prenatal care is a key contributor to preterm births and infant mortality.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 出生前的，胎儿期的
分布：产前的(60%)，出生前的(33%)，=antenatal.(7%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，natal,生育的。
US [-tˌəl] adjective [before noun] US for antenatal
adj. [妇产] 产前的；胎儿期的； [医] 出生以前的
 - predelivery, antenatal

Word: censored
Front: censored
[ˈsensəd] (11318/34265)
Back: adj. 受审查的，被删剪的
v. 删剪（书籍、电影等中被认为犯忌、违反道德或政治上危险的内容）( censor的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：检查(54%)，检查员(32%)，监察官(14%)
VERB
审查，检查(书信或媒体)
If someone in authority censors letters or the media, they officially examine them and cut out any information that is regarded as secret.
例：The military-backed government has heavily censored the news.有军方撑腰的政府对新闻进行了严格审查。
N-COUNT
（书信或媒体的）审查官，监察员
A censor is a person who has been officially appointed to examine letters or the media and to cut out any parts that are regarded as secret.
例：The report was cleared by the American military censors.那篇报道得到美国军方审查官的批准。
VERB
审查，检查(书刊、戏剧或电影等)
If someone in authority censors a book, play, or film, they officially examine it and cut out any parts that are considered to be immoral or inappropriate.
例：The Late Show censored the band's live version of 'Bullet In The Head'...《深夜秀》节目删掉了乐队的《爆头》现场版。
例：ITV companies tend to censor bad language in feature films.独立电视公司一般都会删掉故事片里的脏话。
N-COUNT
(书刊、戏剧或电影)审查官，检查员
A censor is a person who has been officially appointed to examine plays, films, and books and to cut out any parts that are considered to be immoral.
例：...the British Board of Film Censors.英国电影审查委员会

Word: condone
Front: condone
[kənˈdəʊn] (托宝 11201/13947 -1)
Vocabulary: condone
(once / 3330 pages)
v
If you condone something, you allow it, approve of it, or at least can live with it. Some teachers condone chewing gum, and some don't.
Things that are condoned are allowed, even if everyone isn't exactly thrilled about it. People often say, "I don't condone what he did, but I understand it." Condoning is like excusing something. People seem to talk more about things they don't condone than things they do condone. Your mom might say, "I don't condone you staying up till 10, but I know you need to read." That's a way of giving approval and not giving approval at the same time.
WORD FAMILY
condone: condonation, condoned, condones, condoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would never, he continued, “condone/tolerate the death of Russian or any other civilians.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In response to the Dec. 2 article, New Oriental said it did not condone application fraud.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
“It’s not something we condone or something we encourage,” Bowles said.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 容忍，宽恕，原谅
时态：condoned, condoning, condones
分布：宽恕(100%)
→con-, 强调。-don, 给予，词源同donate, date. 即完全给予的，原谅的，比较pardon.
原谅,宽恕(con共词+done→共同给出不加追究→原谅)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
【记】con共同，done给予－共同给予宽恕－原谅cond藏，one一：藏一个心眼，我先原谅你，如果再犯，加倍处罚。
【参】donate（v 捐赠）；pardon（v /n 原谅）
【反】denounce（v 谴责）；exact（vt 强求；要求）
US [-'doʊn] verb transitive
■to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong 宽恕，饶恕；纵容；包容，容忍
• If the government is seen to condone violence , the bloodshed will never stop. 一旦认定政府纵容暴力，那流血事件就永远不会停止。
vt. 宽恕；赦免
 - depurge, tolerate

Word: ferocious
Front: ferocious
[fəˈrəʊʃəs] (托雅宝 11205/11206 -1)
Vocabulary: ferocious
(once / 865 pages)
adj
The adjective ferocious means more than merely angry or active. If you can imagine the wildest, most savage animal ready to rip your arms off and shred the muscles, you would be imagining a ferocious beast.
Although we most often think of the word ferocious as referring to wild animals, it can also be used to describe anything characterized by an extremely high level of energy or even violence. Think of it as the extreme opposite of peaceful. For example, sports fans at a soccer match often present a ferocious appreciation of the game, sometimes to the point of destroying the stands or storming the field to fight with the players!
WORD FAMILY
ferocious: ferociously, ferociousness+/ ferocity: ferocious, ferocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nimrud was a capital of the Assyrians, one the ancient world’s earliest and most ferocious empires.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All three teams play at a ferocious pace, harrying the opposition and countering quickly – rather like Liverpool, their opponents on Saturday evening.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
It wasn’t until I brought my camera near the ground and get close up did the lizard look ferocious.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 残忍的; 极度的; 凶猛; 恶
分布：凶猛的(64%)，残忍的(30%)，极度的(6%)
→来自feral, 野生的，狂野的。
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
■frightening and violent 凶猛的，凶恶的；激烈的；可怕的
• a ferocious dog 凶猛的狗
• a ferocious battle 激烈的战斗
• She's got a ferocious (= very bad) temper. 她的脾气极为暴躁。
• The president came in for some ferocious criticism. 总统遭到了一些猛烈抨击。
adj. 残忍的；惊人的
 - tremendous, cruel, brutal, incredible, spectacular

Word: bulldozer
Front: bulldozer
[ˈbʊldəʊzə(r)] (11192/14948 -1)
Vocabulary: bulldozer
(once / 9156 pages)
n
A bulldozer is a large truck with a wide blade that can dig and push dirt and debris. You'll often see a bulldozer among the vehicles on a construction site.
Although many people have a tendency to call any giant truck a bulldozer, it's actually a specific kind of tractor with a blade called a "dozer blade" at the front and a big claw, or "ripper" at the back. A bulldozer can run over any rubble or trash and clear it away — this ability led to the slang meaning of the word, "powerful, intimidating person."
WORD FAMILY
bulldozer: bulldozers+/bulldoze: bulldozed, bulldozer, bulldozes, bulldozing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Haimi walked past giant, rusting bulldozers, past an office that contained the remnants of an American munition that hit the plant.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
I’ll need tiny miner’s helmet for light and a minuscule bulldozer.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The outpost was the site of a violent confrontation 10 years ago when the government sent bulldozers to demolish several homes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 推土机; 恐吓者，威胁者
分布：推土机(96%)，欺凌者(4%)
US [-ˌdoʊ.zɚ] noun countable
■a heavy vehicle with a large blade in front, used for pushing earth and stones along and for making areas of ground flat at the same time 推土机
n. [机] 推土机；欺凌者，威吓者
 - pushdozer, dozer

Word: mentor
Front: mentor
[ˈmentɔ:(r)] (托宝 4561/11506 -1)
Vocabulary: mentor
(once / 1796 pages)
nv
A mentor is a person who trains and guides someone, like the second-grade English teacher who saw the spark of creativity in your writing and encouraged you to become a professional author.
The original Mentor was a character in Homer's long poem Odyssey who looked after Odysseus's family, particularly his son Telemachus, while Odysseus was off fighting in the Trojan War. Today the word is used to describe any person who acts as an advisor or teacher. As a noun, mentor describes the coach who taught you to play baseball. As a verb, mentor is what the coach does to help you improve your swing.
WORD FAMILY
mentor: mentored, mentoring, mentors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mixed-age classrooms allow students at higher levels and ages to mentor younger students.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It also provides anti-poverty, summer youth mentoring and work experience programs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Early in Fernyhough’s career, his mentors told him that studying inner speech would be fruitless.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （无经验之人的）有经验可信赖的顾问
vt. 做…的良师；指导
时态：mentored, mentoring, mentors
分布：指导(69%)，指导者(31%)
→来自希腊语Mentor,导师，指导者，来自men,思考，思想，词源同mind,mania.来自荷马史诗《奥德赛》，雅典娜化身Mentor指导奥德赛儿子学习和思考，后词义通用化。
导师(ment精神)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
【记】ment精神，or－在精神上指导的人－导师
【源】孟托mentor奥德赛的忠实顾问，雅典娜通过装扮成他而成为忒勒马科斯的保护人及老师
【参】mental（adj 精神的）
US [-tɔ:r] noun countable
■a person who gives another person help and advice over a period of time and often also teaches them how to do their job 导师，指导者，顾问 Compare protégé
UK ['men.tɔ:r] US [-tɔ:r] verb transitive
■to help and give advice to someone who has less experience that you, especially in your job 以导师身分协助指导（尤指在工作中为经验较浅者提供帮助和建议）
n. 指导者，良师益友
 - guider, instructor

Word: contemplation
Front: contemplation
[ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃn] (11236/11400)
Vocabulary: contemplation
(once / 579 pages)
n
Contemplation is long, hard thinking about something. If you’re writing a book on the meaning of the universe, then you’re going to need to do a great deal of contemplation.
Contemplate has the word temple in its roots, and originally referred to the kind of thinking you do in a special space set aside for observation. Now we use it to describe any kind of thinking that we spend a long time doing. While clicking on someone’s photos on Facebook doesn’t count as contemplation, usually, you might spend hours in contemplation of your family and your history if you come across a box of old photos in the attic.
WORD FAMILY
contemplation: contemplations, self-contemplation+/ contemplate: contemplated, contemplates, contemplating, contemplation, contemplative / contemplative: contemplatively, contemplativeness, contemplatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Stage Two, the “Contemplation Stage,” we acknowledge there is a problem and begin to think about possible solutions.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some people will tell you, without the briefest contemplation, that they’re living the dream.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Meetings with staff counselors led to serious contemplation about her addiction, strengthening her resolve to conquer it.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 注视; 凝视; 沉思; 意图
分布：沉思(73%)，注视(17%)，打算(10%)
US [ˌkɑ:n.tˌəm-] noun uncountable
■when you spend time thinking about something in a serious and quiet way 盘算；沉思，冥想
• She was staring out over the lake, lost in contemplation. 她凝视湖面，陷入沉思。
• The nuns have an hour for silent contemplation every morning. 修女们每天早上要做一小时的默祷。
n. 沉思；注视；意图
 - reflection, intention, meaning, will, offer

Word: graphite
Front: graphite
[ˈgræfaɪt] (六托宝 11261/16505 -1)
Vocabulary: graphite
(once / 10323 pages)
n
Use the noun graphite when you're talking about the mineral that's used to make pencil lead.
Graphite is a form of carbon that is most commonly found in pencils, although because it is a good conductor of electricity, it's also used in electrodes and batteries. Graphite can in fact be found in a wide variety of things, from a car's brake pads to industrial lubricants. The word graphite comes from the German Graphit, which was named by a mineralogist in 1789 from the Greek word graphein, "write."
WORD FAMILY
graphite: graphites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Panasonic said it found and corrected a problem in its graphite supply chain.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The show also contains 11 of Stout’s graphite drawings, whose finely textured images range through the gray spectrum and seem almost veiled.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One, 55 Cancri e, seems to have a graphite surface and a diamond mantle.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. <化>石墨，黑铅; 铅笔粉
分布：石墨(98%)，黑铅(1%)，铅笔粉(1%)
→来自graph, 文字，图像。后指用于书写的石墨。
【记】graph根：写－用铅笔－用石墨graph（n 图表；曲线图）－用铅笔－用石墨
noun uncountable
■a soft dark grey form of carbon, used in the middle of pencils, as a lubricant in machines, and in some atomic reactors 石墨
n. [矿物] 石墨；黑铅
 - lead, plumbagine

Word: hitch
Front: hitch
[hɪtʃ] (11186/14666 -1)
Vocabulary: hitch
(once / 827 pages)
1vn 2n 3v 4vn 5n 6v
A hitch is an obstacle or hindrance. You might be late because of a last minute hitch, like waiting for a family of ducks to cross the road. If things go well, they go off without a hitch.
The word hitch has a gazillion meanings — it’s a hook, a limp, short for hitchhiking, slang for getting married — but the most common meaning is that a hitch is a little problem. If you’ve packed a picnic and then it rains, the weather is a hitch in your plans. Hitches include hang-ups, snafus, impediments, and other things that interfere. Often this term is used in the phrase "without a hitch" for things that go smoothly.
WORD FAMILY
hitch: hitched, hitches, hitching, unhitch+/unhitch: unhitched, unhitches, unhitching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once one of these books becomes a mega-hit, publishers look for ways to hitch their wagons to the lead horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But here was the hitch: Viewers in the Eastern U.S. tuned in for his show at 11:30 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Metro argues that the companies failed to inspect the bus before hitching it to the tow truck.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （免费）搭乘他人之车; 猛拉; 蹒跚; （使）结婚
vt. （用环、钩等）套住，钩住（某物）
n. 故障，挫折; 系住，勾住; 急拉
时态：hitched, hitching, hitches
分布：猛拉(26%)，蹒跚(14%)，拴住(14%)，急拉(12%)，免费搭车(8%)，免费乘车(6%)，妨碍(4%)，拉紧(4%)，急促猛推(4%)，连住(4%)，跛行(4%)
→来自中古英语icchen,猛拉，猝动，引申词义钩住。词义搭免费车缩写自hitchhike.
noun countable
■a temporary difficulty which causes a short delay 临时故障，小问题
• Due to a slight technical hitch the concert will be starting half an hour late. 由于出了一点小小的技术故障，音乐会将顺延半个小时开始。
[hɪtʃ] noun countable
go (off) without a hitch
■to happen successfully without any problems 顺利进行
• To the bride's relief, the wedding ceremony went off without a hitch. 令新娘松了一口气的是，婚礼一切顺利。
[hɪtʃ] verb
RIDE 乘
hitch a lift/ride informal
■to get a free ride in someone else's vehicle as a way of travelling 搭便车，免费搭车
• They hitched a lift to Edinburgh from a passing car. 他们搭乘一辆过路的车到了爱丁堡。
[hɪtʃ] verb
FASTEN 固定
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten something to another thing by tying it with a rope or using a metal hook （用绳子）系住；（用钩子）挂住
• The horses were hitched to a shiny black carriage. 马匹被套在一辆黑亮的大车上。
• We just need to hitch the trailer (on)to the car and then we can go. 我们只需把拖车挂在汽车后面，这样就可以走了。
[hɪtʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hitch sth up
PULL STH UP
■to pull something, especially trousers or a skirt, upwards to a slightly higher position 挽起，提起（裤子或裙子）
• She hitched her skirt up before wading across the stream. 她趟过小溪之前，把裙子向上撩起。
CONNECT
■If you hitch up a vehicle, you connect it so that it can be pulled, and if you hitch up an animal to a vehicle, you connect it so that it can pull the vehicle 挂好（车辆）；套好（牲畜）
• We watched as the farmer hitched up a team of oxen. 我们看着农夫把一群牛套赶上车。
n. 故障；钩；猛拉；急推；蹒跚
 - fault, trouble
vt. 搭便车；钩住；套住；猛拉；使结婚
 - ring, thumb a ride
vi. 被钩住；急动；蹒跚；搭便车旅行；结婚
 - get married, titubate

Word: rehabilitate
Front: rehabilitate
[ˌri:əˈbɪlɪteɪt] (托雅宝 11206/15045 -2)
Vocabulary: rehabilitate
(once / 1745 pages)
v
If you have been in a bad accident or have an addiction problem, you may go away for a stretch of time to rehabilitate yourself or, in other words, bring yourself back to health.
Though we hear a lot about rehabilitation or "rehab" in the press in connection with drugs or alcohol, the word rehabilitate has a lot of other meanings. You can rehabilitate a building's structure by reinforcing it with steel beams, or rehabilitate your bad reputation by staying after school to help clean up the grounds.
WORD FAMILY
rehabilitate: rehabilitated, rehabilitates, rehabilitating, rehabilitation, rehabilitative+/habilitate: habilitated, habilitating, rehabilitate / rehabilitation: rehabilitations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Saxon, now 39, helped rehabilitate a building on 117th Street.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Judge William Hamlet granted the state’s request for an order that prohibits Davis from contacting the specialists who are rehabilitating the horses.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unfortunately, when we got there, it was clear that no one was ready to rehabilitate post 9-11 warriors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使康复; 使复原，修复; 使恢复原状; 使恢复名誉
时态：rehabilitated, rehabilitating, rehabilitates
分布：改造(54%)，修复(40%)，使恢复(6%)
→re-,再，重新，-hab,抓，拿，持有，词源同 habit,ability.比喻用法。
修复,翻新;使健康;改造(犯罪)(re重新+hubiliate具备能力)[abl,bili=able,表示"能力"]
【记】reh＝re再，abilitate能力：再次拥有能力－恢复
【参】debilitate（v 使衰弱）
verb transitive
■to return someone or something to a good or healthy condition, state or way of living 使康复；使恢复（正常生活）；复兴；修复
• The prison service should try to rehabilitate prisoners so that they can lead normal lives when they leave prison. 监狱应该努力改造犯人，使他们在刑满释放后能重新过上正常生活。
• Physiotherapy is part of rehabilitating accident victims. 物理治疗是对事故受伤者进行康复治疗的一部分。
• After 20 years in official disgrace, she's been rehabilitated (= given a positive public image again). 20年的官僚生涯曾使她名誉扫地，但是现在她已恢复了自己的良好形象。
vt. 使康复；使恢复名誉；使恢复原状
 - repristinate, unmake
vi. 复兴；复权；恢复正常生活
 - revive

Word: gulp
Front: gulp
[gʌlp] (托宝 11209/10772 -1)
Vocabulary: gulp
(once / 1382 pages)
vn
To gulp is to loudly and quickly swallow food, drink, or air. You might gulp nervously before you stand up to make a speech.
When you gulp down your breakfast so you can run and catch your bus, or gulp air upon rising to the surface of a swimming pool, you can say you take a gulp — or many gulps. The word dates from the 1300s, but its origin is somewhat uncertain. Most experts link it to the imitative Dutch gulpen, "to gush, guzzle, or swallow."
WORD FAMILY
gulp: gulped, gulper, gulping, gulps+/gulper: gulpers/gulping: gulpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday, I ventured back to Alabama for the first time since we returned to California before my senior year – some, gulp, 42 years ago.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Redfish are fair to good at the mouths of drains on Gulps and shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I wince with every gulp and beg off after the sixth shot.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃，吞咽; 大口地吸（气）
vi. 哽住
n. 吞咽; 一大口（尤指液体）
时态：gulped, gulping, gulps
分布：吞咽(60%)，吞食(15%)，抑制(15%)，喘气(10%)
→来自gwele, 吞食，拟声词，词源同glut, gluttony.
【记】象声词读：搞破－总是gulp容易把肚皮搞破。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to eat or drink food or liquid quickly by swallowing it in large amounts, or to make a swallowing movement because of fear, surprise or excitement 狼吞虎咽地吃，大口地吃（或喝）；（因为害怕、吃惊、激动等）倒吸气，喘不过气来，哽住
• She gulped down her drink and made a hasty exit. 她大口喝下饮料后急匆匆地出去了。
• When it was his turn to dive, he gulped and stepped up onto the diving board. 轮到他跳水时，他深吸了一口气后走上跳板。
transitive
■to breathe in a large amount of air very quickly 大口大口地吸（气）
[gʌlp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gulp sth back
■to try not to show that you are upset, usually by swallowing hard （通常透过用力做吞咽动作而）抑制，忍住
• She gulped back the tears. 她强忍住泪水。
[gʌlp] noun countable
■an act of gulping 吞，咽
• He swallowed his drink in one gulp. 他把杯中的酒一饮而尽。
• She rose to the surface of the water once every minute to get/take a gulp of air. 她每隔一分钟要把头探出水面吸一大口气。
vt. 狼吞虎咽地吃；大口地吸
 - wolf
vi. 哽住；喘不过气
 - lose one's breath
n. 一大口（尤指液体）；吞咽
 - deglutition, swallowing

Word: subdued
Front: subdued
[səbˈdju:d] (宝 11208/9666 -1)
Vocabulary: subdued
(once / 417 pages)
adj
The adjective subdued refers to something, like a sound, that has a lowered intensity. Your loud conversation with a friend in the back of the classroom is likely to become subdued when the teacher passes out the exams.
The word subdued is related to the Latin word, subdere, which means "to subtract from." Something that is subdued has lost some of its strength or intensity. Subdued lighting might create a romantic mood at a restaurant. And a subdued child is one who is no longer having a fit. A subdued economy is probably pretty sluggish.
WORD FAMILY
subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued+/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing/subduer: subduers/ undue: unduely, unduly /unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
While subdued and melancholic, there is a deeper optimism at the core of Beck’s “Heart Is a Drum.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Trading was subdued ahead of the New Year’s Day holiday.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Nevertheless, the crux of forecasts for more subdued returns in 2017 rests on simple math.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 制服的，被抑制的; 缓和的; 有节制的，抑制; 顺从
v. 征服( subdue的过去式 ); 克制; 制服
分布：柔和的(50%)，减弱的(16%)，屈服的(16%)，被抑制的(13%)，动词subdue的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
→subdue,抑制，压制，-ed,形容词后缀。引申词义小声的，压低声音的。
【记】impervious:damaged＝indomitable:subdued无法伤害的无法被损坏＝无法征服的无法被征服
【反】flamboyant（adj 辉耀的）；unruly（adj 不受拘束的）；indominatable（不屈的）－easily subdued（容易屈服的）
US [-'du:d] adjective
NOT STRONG 柔和的
■If a colour or light is subdued, it is not very bright （色彩或光线）柔和的，暗淡的
• subdued lighting 柔和的灯光
■If a noise is subdued, it is not loud （声音）压低的，小声的
• subdued laughter/cheers 窃窃的笑声／低声欢呼
UK [səb'dju:d] US [-'du:d] adjective
MOOD 情绪
■If a person is subdued, they are not as happy as usual or they are quieter than usual （人）闷闷不乐的，默不作声的
• He seemed a bit subdued at lunch - is he all right? 午饭时他显得有点闷闷不乐——他没事吧？
adj. 减弱的；被制服的；被抑制的
 - diminished, attenuate
v. 使服从，压制，减弱（subdue 的过去式和过去分词）
 - relented

Word: lag
Front: lag
[læg] (研四六托雅宝 8448/9463 -2)
Vocabulary: lag
(once / 1109 pages)
1vn 2n 3v 4v 5v
When you can't keep up with your fellow marathon runners, you can say that you lag behind them.
The word lag describes a kind of slowness or delay. As a noun, it means a slowing: "The coach was disappointed by the lag in her swimmers' best times that day." When you lag behind someone, you fall back or don't measure up. A student who struggles with math, for example, might say that his grades lag behind his best friend's. In the 1550s, lag meant "last person."
WORD FAMILY
lag: lagged, lagger, lagging, lags+/lagger: laggers/lagging: laggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Klawans frequently held cash while the market was rising; the fund seldom lost money, but often lagged the market.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Furman also suggested that consumer confidence was a lagging indicator.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Typically, there’s about a six-month lag between the time demand starts to slow and prices begin to fall, Soper said from his Toronto office.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 走得极慢，落后
vt. 落后于; 给…加上外套; 把…关进牢里; 逮捕
n. 滞后，（两事件之间的）时间间隔; 囚犯; 防护套; 桶板
时态：lagged, lagging, lags
分布：落后(93%)，时间间隔(5%)，缓慢进行(1%)，减退(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自lug,用力拖拉。引申词义缓慢，滞后。
v./n.落后,滞后vt.用隔热材料覆盖(锅炉等)The lagging man tagged the bags among the luggage with small flags.落伍者给行李中的袋子加上小旗标签.
【记】身上长了两条lag，而不是leg所以走得比较慢－落后。
【参】laggard（n 落后者；adj 缓慢的）；sluggard（n 懒人）
【反】forge ahead（稳步前进）
verb (-gg-)
MOVE SLOWLY 缓慢移动
intransitive
■to move or make progress so slowly that you are behind other people or things 缓慢移动；掉队，滞后
• He's lagging behind a bit - I think we'd better wait for him to catch us up. 他有点脱队了——我看我们最好等他赶上来。
• Sales are lagging at the moment. 目前的销售很不景气。
[læg] verb (-gg-)
COVER 覆盖
transitive
■to cover something with a thick layer of material in order to stop heat from escaping or to stop water from freezing （为保温而）覆盖，（为防止结冰而）给…加保温层
• to lag pipes 给管道加保温层
[læg] verb (-gg-)
PRISON 监狱
transitive Australian informal
■to send someone to prison or to arrest someone 使入狱，逮捕
[læg] noun countable
DELAY 延迟
■a delay between two things happening （两件事之间的）间隔，延迟
• You have to allow for a time lag between order and delivery. 订货和送货之间要有一段时间间隔。
[læg] noun countable
PRISONER 囚犯 UK old-fashioned informal
■a prisoner or a person who has often been a prisoner in the past 囚犯，犯人；惯犯
• an old lag 惯犯
n. 落后；迟延；防护套；囚犯；桶板
 - backwardness, prisoner
vt. 落后于；押往监狱；加上外套
 - trail, take the dust of
vi. [电子] 滞后；缓缓而行；蹒跚
 - file over, titubate
adj. 最后的
 - finishing, last, eventual, rearmost, dernier

Word: community-based
Front: community-based
None None
Back: adj. 社区的；以社区为基础的
分布：社会本位(100%)

Word: ethos
Front: ethos
[ˈi:θɒs] (宝 11241/9923 -1)
Vocabulary: ethos
(once / 11773 pages)
n
Ethos, a noun, is the fundamental set of beliefs that you, or a society, or group live by. A free spirit might live by the ethos of "anything goes."
The noun ethos refers to how you, or a group, or a society chooses to live and is the particular rules and characteristic values that organize people. This also means that a different group might have a different ethos. An example is that in some cultures the individual is highly valued while in others the group might be considered central. In literary studies ethos has a moral element attached to it but sociology describes ehos.
WORD FAMILY
ethos
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sees an ethos of patience and respect.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The diverse and inclusive ethos, as well as the charming, girly-reclamation aesthetic of Rookie, seem to be a blueprint for Teen Vogue’s revised mission statement.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Such an ethos protects against dogmatism and groupthink, which are toxic to the health of any intellectual community.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 民族精神; 社会思潮; 气质
分布：民族精神(60%)，气质(35%)，道德风貌(5%)
→词源同ethnic,民族的，种族的。引申词义族群的习惯，行为，举止，进一步引申为约束行为的道德观，道德评判标准。
US [-θɑ:s] noun only singular
■the set of beliefs, ideas, etc. about social behaviour and relationships of a person or group （个人或团体的）精神特质，价值观，信条
• national ethos 民族精神特质
• working-class ethos 工人阶级道德思想
• The ethos of the traditional family firm is under threat. 传统家族公司的价值理念受到威胁。
n. 民族精神；气质；社会思潮
 - temperament, national spirit

Word: shame
Front: shame
[ʃeɪm] (中高研四六 3767/3668 -K3)
Vocabulary: shame
(once / 96 pages)
nv
Shame is a painful feeling that's a mix of regret, self-hate, and dishonor. A good person would feel shame if they cheated on a test or did something mean to a friend.
Feeling shame — or being ashamed — is one of the most miserable feelings of them all. When you feel shame, you feel like a bad person and regret what you did. If you're trying to make someone else feel bad by scolding them, you're shaming them. People also often say, "That's a shame," when something bad happens — meaning it's sad or a pity.
WORD FAMILY
shame: shamed, shameful, shameless, shames, shaming+/shameful: shamefulest, shamefully, shamefulness/shameless: shamelessly, shamelessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are avoiding opening up because of shame, then I recommend you talk about why you are avoiding talking about certain things.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
“It is a sin that shames us,” the pope wrote.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All these frivolous high society partygoers are faced with the “nausea, terror and shame” that awaits them.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 羞愧; 羞辱; 可耻的人; 羞愧感
vt. 使蒙羞; 玷辱; 使感到羞愧; 使相形见绌
时态：shamed, shaming, shames
分布：羞愧(64%)，耻辱(23%)，使蒙羞(5%)，使丢脸(4%)，使羞愧(3%)，可耻的人或物(1%)
→来自古英语 scamu,羞耻，羞愧，来自 Proto-Germanic*skamo,覆盖，隐藏，来自 skem,*kem, 覆盖，隐藏，可能来自*skeu,覆盖，隐藏，词源同 hide,shoe.引申诸相关词义。
n.羞耻,耻辱;可耻的人(或事物)v.使羞愧Your bad behavior brings shame on the whole school.你的恶劣行径给整个学校带来耻辱.
noun
BAD LUCK 恶运
 IMPROVER only singular
■an unlucky situation 可惜，遗憾
• [+ that] It 's a (great) shame that the concert had to be cancelled. 音乐会被迫取消，真是（很）遗憾。
• [+ to infinitive] Have some more vegetables - it would be a shame to waste them. 多吃点蔬菜吧——浪费就太可惜了。
• "Douglas is having to miss the school concert because he's ill." "Oh, what a shame] that's a shame!" “道格拉斯因病不能参加学校音乐会了。”“哦，那真是太遗憾了！”
[ʃeɪm] noun
BAD FEELING 不好的感觉
 ADVANCED uncountable
■an uncomfortable feeling of guilt or of being ashamed because of your own or someone else's bad behaviour 羞耻，羞愧
• He said he felt no shame for what he had done. 他说他并不为自己的所作所为感到羞愧。
• The children hung/bowed their heads in shame. 孩子们羞愧地低下了头。
• The shame of the scandal was so great that he shot himself a few weeks later. 这件丑闻让他无地自容，所以几个星期后他开枪自杀了。
• You can't go out dressed like that - have you no shame (= don't you feel ashamed about being dressed like that) ? 你不能穿成这样就出去——你难道不怕丢人吗？
 ADVANCED uncountable
■loss of honour and respect 丢脸；耻辱
• He thinks there's great shame in being out of work and unable to provide for his family. 他认为没有工作、无法养活家人是一件很丢脸的事情。
• In some societies, if a woman leaves her husband, it brings shame on her and her family. 在有些社会里，如果妇女离开自己的丈夫，这会给她和她的家人带来耻辱。
put sb to shame
■to make someone feel ashamed 使（某人）感到羞愧
• It puts me to shame that I still haven't replied to David's letter. 我还没有给戴维回信，真让我惭愧。
to my shame
■I feel ashamed because 令（我）羞愧的是
• To my shame, I never wrote and thanked Mary for her present. 令人羞愧的是，我从没有给玛丽写信，感谢她送的礼物。
shame on you
■used to tell someone that they should feel sorry for something they did （你）应该感到羞愧
• Shame on you for being so unkind. 你如此刻薄，真该感到羞愧。
• humorous You mean you were in town and you didn't come and see us - shame on you! 你是说你来过城里却没有来看我们——真不像话！
[ʃeɪm] noun
COMPARE WELL 胜过
put sb/sth to shame
■to make someone or something seem not good by comparison 使相形见绌
• Your cooking puts mine to shame. 你做菜的功夫令我自惭形愧。
[ʃeɪm] noun
die of shame informal
■to feel extremely ashamed 羞愧死了，羞愧难当
• If anyone found out that I took the money, I'd die of shame. 如果有人发现钱是我拿的，我会羞愧死的。
[ʃeɪm] verb transitive
BAD FEELING 不好的感觉
■to make someone feel ashamed, or to make someone or something lose honour and respect 使感到羞愧；使丢脸；羞辱
• It shames me that I treated her so badly. 我对她这么坏，真是令我羞愧。
• The behaviour of a few children has shamed the whole school. 少数学生的行为使整个学校都蒙受耻辱。
shame sb into/out of sth
■to cause someone to do or not to do something by making them feel ashamed 使（某人）感到羞愧而做／不做…
• [+ -ing verb] The number of people out of work has shamed the government into taking action to prevent further job losses. 失业人数之多使政府感到羞愧，继而采取行动阻止失业问题进一步恶化。
[ʃeɪm] verb transitive
COMPARE WELL 胜过
■to cause something not to seem of a high standard by comparison 使相形见绌
• The school's examination results shame those of the other schools in the area. 该校的考试成绩使这个地区的其他学校都相形见绌。
[ʃeɪm] exclamation
■used to express disapproval of something that a public speaker is saying （用于表示不赞同演讲者所说的话）可耻
• To cries of 'Shame!', the minister announced that taxes were being increased. 在一片“可耻”的指责声中，部长宣布加税。
shame, embarrassment, disgrace, dishonour
这组词都有“丢脸，羞愧”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 多指因非法婚烟、私生、卖国或犯法等而丢失脸面或败坏名声，使他人认为“丢脸”、“可耻”。
embarrassment: 多指在社交活动中所遇到的尴尬事。
disgrace: 常指失去他人的尊敬和称赞而使自己感受到的丢脸、耻辱。
dishonour: 指失去原来享有的光荣或自尊和自重。
shame, disgrace, humiliate, dishonour
这组词都有“使丢脸、使受耻辱”的意思，其区别是：
shame: 指由不光彩或不道德的行为引起的惭愧感或羞耻感。
disgrace: 侧重在别人，尤其在众人面前丢脸。
humiliate: 强调受辱者自尊心的损坏。
dishonour: 有时可与disgrace换用，但前者是指因失去荣誉所致。
n. 羞耻，羞愧；憾事，带来耻辱的人
 - abashment
vt. 使丢脸，使羞愧
 - discountenance, abash

Word: homecoming
Front: homecoming
[ˈhəʊmkʌmɪŋ] (11144/21898 -1)
Vocabulary: homecoming
(once / 6629 pages)
n
When someone returns home in a celebratory way — from war, college, or a long trip, for example — they have a homecoming. If your brother works at sea as a fisherman for several months each year, your whole family might gather for his homecoming.
Your homecoming after your first year at college might be a bit of a letdown, if you're expected to find a summer job immediately. A soldier's homecoming is almost always a relief for his or her family. In high school or college, homecoming is a reunion that often centers around an autumn football game and a dance or party. In the U.S., this type of homecoming has been around since the 1930s.
WORD FAMILY
homecoming: homecomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grimes returned for the homecoming game and caught a touchdown pass.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Later, in “Postcards from the Edge,” Fisher depicted the mother as the center of attention even at her daughter’s homecoming from rehab.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The most anticipated blockbusters — many of which are sequels — include “Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2,” “Justice League,” “Spider-Man: Homecoming” and “Star Wars: Episode VIII.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 归国; 同学会; 省亲回家; 校友日
分布：回家(64%)，归国(20%)，返校节(16%)
US ['hoʊm-] noun
ARRIVAL HOME 返家
countable
■a person's arrival home after being away for a long time （长时间离开后）回家乡
• They planned a special celebration for her homecoming. 他们为她回到家乡安排了一个特别的庆祝仪式。
UK ['həʊmˌkʌm.ɪŋ] US ['hoʊm-] noun
SCHOOL CELEBRATION 校庆
countable or uncountable US
■a celebration at a school or a college to honour people who were students there earlier 校友会活动

Word: gaping
Front: gaping
['gæpɪŋ] (11188/11815)
Back: adj. 口的; 张口的; 敞口的; 多洞穴的
v. 目瞪口呆地凝视( gape的现在分词 ); 张开，张大
分布：张开的(80%)，动词gape的现在分词形式.(20%)
adjective
■describes a hole or other opening that is very large （洞或者开口）大的
• The bomb had left gaping holes in the wall. 炸弹把墙炸出了很多大洞。

Word: rationality
Front: rationality
[ˌræʃə'nælətɪ] (11259/8213)
Vocabulary: rationality
(once / 8553 pages)
n
Use the noun rationality to refer to the state of being sensible or having good judgment. People may question your rationality if you insist on jumping into freezing water in January and skydiving for the rest of the year.
The noun rationality also means the state of being agreeable to reason or being based on logic. If you have to pick a pre-school for your child, you should base your decision on rationality and not an illogical reaction, such as how many of the kids eventually go to Ivy League universities. The newer school may look better on the surface, but the older building may have better teachers, a more interesting curriculum, and be closer to your home.
WORD FAMILY
rationality: rationalities+/ irrational: irrationality, irrationally, irrationals/irrationality: irrationalities/ rational: irrational, nonrational, rationalise, rationalism, rationality, rationalize, rationally, rationalness, rationals/rationalisation: rationalisations/rationalise: rationalisation, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising/ rationalism: rationalist, rationalistic/rationalist: rationalists/rationalistic: rationalistically/ rationalization: rationalizations/ rationalize: rationalization, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We do not behave like “rational actors,” as economists once presumed; rather, we’re predictably misguided—subject to a “bounded rationality.”
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Looking for rationality in Mr Jammeh’s mind is not easy.
Economist(Dec 11, 2016)
“But I’m not sure the rationality is there in the UK.”
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 合理性; （常复数）合理的行动（或见解、措施等）
分布：理性(63%)，合理性(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
理性的;合理的
Rational decisions and thoughts are based on reason rather than on emotion.
例：He's asking you to look at both sides of the case and come to a rational decision...他是要求你看到问题的两面后再作出理性的决定。
例：Mary was able to short-circuit her stress response by keeping her thoughts calm and rational.玛丽能够保持头脑清醒理智，因而迅速做出反应。
ADJ-GRADED
理性的;理智的
A rational person is someone who is sensible and is able to make decisions based on intelligent thinking rather than on emotion.
例：Did he come across as a sane rational person?...他看起来是一个正常而理智的人吗？
例：Rachel looked calmer and more rational now.雷切尔现在看上去更加平静、更加理智了。
n. [数] 合理性；合理的行动
 - justifiability

Word: bloated
Front: bloated
[ˈbləʊtɪd] (宝 11214/15331 -1)
Back: adj. 发胀的; 浮肿的; 傲慢的
v. 使膨胀，使肿胀( bloat的过去式和过去分词); 用盐腌
分布：浮肿的(33%)，傲慢的(26%)，发胀的(26%)，熏制的(10%)，动词bloat的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
【记】blo＝blow吹，at在－对着吹气球－肿胀的
US ['bloʊ.tˌɪd] adjective
SWOLLEN 膨胀
■swollen and rounded because of containing too much air, liquid or food 膨胀的；肿胀的；臃肿的
• a bloated stomach 鼓起的肚子
• a bloated (= uncomfortably full) feeling 饱胀感
UK ['bləʊ.tɪd] US ['bloʊ.tˌɪd] adjective
VERY RICH 富贵的 disapproving
■larger or richer than necessary 过于庞大的；富有的
• a bloated bureaucracy 臃肿的官僚机构
• a bloated capitalist 有钱到不像话的资本家
adj. 发胀的，浮肿的；傲慢的
 - arrogant, swollen
v. 肿胀，得意（bloat的过去时形式）
 - to swell, glory in

Word: woodland
Front: woodland
[ˈwʊdlənd] (11183/4825 -2)
Vocabulary: woodland
(once / 700 pages)
n
Woodland is a natural habitat with many plants and trees. Therefore, a zebra would not be considered a woodland animal, but a deer would fit the bill.
You can use woodland as a noun, or as an adjective to describe things that have something to do with this particular kind of land, like woodland animals or a woodland habitat. Woodlands usually feature trees, grasses, shrubs, and other plants. If you're walking in the woods and the trees almost completely block the sunlight, you're in a forest, not a woodland. The Old English version was wudulond.
WORD FAMILY
woodland: woodlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was scheduled to return to a Woodland courtroom Feb. 28 for a trial-setting conference.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And area residents already use the woodland for educational and recreational purposes, he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The sheer range of musical expression is astonishing: pastoral reveries, woodland scenes, romantic arias, heroic dramas, historical legends and visions of spiritual strife.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 林地，森林
adj. 林地的，树林的; 林栖的
分布：林地(81%)，林地的(13%)，森林地(6%)
noun countable or uncountable
■land on which many trees grow, or an area of this 林地，林区
• The Forestry Commission is responsible for preserving over 2 million acres of woodland. 林业委员会负责保护200多万英亩的林区。
• Some very rare and special plants grow in these woodlands. 这片林地生长着一些非常稀有和特别的植物。
n. [林] 林地；森林
 - forest, timberland

Word: homogeneous
Front: homogeneous
[ˌhɒməˈdʒi:niəs] (研六托雅宝 11195/9198 -1)
Vocabulary: homogeneous
(once / 2473 pages)
adj
If a group of things are homogeneous, they're all the same or similar, like a room full of identically dressed Elvis impersonators.
The adjective homogeneous comes from the Greek homogenes, meaning “of the same kind.” You can break down the root of the word further into two parts: homos, meaning “same,” and genos, meaning “kind, gender, race, stock.” It sounds very scientific, but if you look around the table at home and everyone is eating a bowl of oatmeal, you could safely describe your family’s breakfast tastes as homogeneous.
WORD FAMILY
homogeneous: homogeneity, homogeneously, homogeneousness, homogenise, homogenize, inhomogeneous+/ homogeneity: homogeneities/homogenise: homogenisation, homogenised/homogenised: unhomogenised/ homogenize: homogenization, homogenized, homogenizes, homogenizing/homogenized: unhomogenized/homogeny: homogeneous, homogenous /inhomogeneous: inhomogeneity
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is yielding findings that are unattainable for homogeneous populations.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
If they are far from homogeneous, these parties share common ground in their core constituencies, rural voters.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
But the working class is not an ethnically homogeneous group, and within those divisions there are distinct differences and needs.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 同性质的，同类的; 由相同（或同类型）事物（或人）组成的; 均匀的; [数]齐性的，齐次的
分布：同质的(49%)，同种的(29%)，相似的(22%)
→来自homogenize,同质，同质化处理。
同类的;同族的(homo+gen产生＋eous→产生相同的)[homo-表示"同类的"]
同种的(homo同+gen+eous→产生相同的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
相似的(homo相同+gen产生+eous)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
a.同种类的,同性质的,有相同特征的The population of the small town was homogeneous mostly merchants and laborers.
【记】homo相同，gen产生，eous－同质的homo相同，gene基因，ous－同类的
【反】disparate（adj 全异的）
US [ˌhoʊ.moʊ'dʒi:-] (also homogenous)
adjective
■consisting of parts or people which are similar to each other or are of the same type 由同类事物（或人）组成的；同类的；相似的
• a homogeneous group/society 由同种族人组成的群体／社会
• The population of the village has remained remarkably homogeneous. 这个村庄的人口保持着显著的同族特征。
Compare heterogeneous
adj. [化学] 均匀的； [数] 齐次的； [生物] 同种的
 - conspecific

Word: headset
Front: headset
[ˈhedset] (11219/26316)
Back: n. 戴在头上的耳机或听筒
分布：头戴式耳机(100%)
noun countable
■a set of headphones , especially one with a microphone fixed to it （尤指带有话筒的）一副耳机
n. 耳机； [电子] 头戴式受话器
 - phone, earphone

Word: profitability
Front: profitability
[ˌprɒfɪtə'bɪlətɪ] (11207/6233)
Back: n. 获利（状况），盈利（情况）; [经]收益性; 利益率; 有利
分布：盈利能力(92%)，收益性(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
盈利的；有利润的；赚钱的
A profitable organization or practice makes a profit.
例：Drug manufacturing is the most profitable business in America...制药业是美国利润最丰厚的业务。
例：It was profitable for them to produce large amounts of food.生产大量的食物能让他们获利。
ADJ-GRADED
有利可图的；有益的；有用的
Something that is profitable results in some benefit for you.
例：...collaboration which leads to a profitable exchange of personnel and ideas.有利于人员和观念交流的合作
n. 赢利能力；收益性；利益率
 - rentability

Word: dementia
Front: dementia
[dɪˈmenʃə] (11181/7441 -1)
Vocabulary: dementia
(once / 5221 pages)
n
If your grandfather suffers from dementia, he has a brain disorder that's causing him to gradually lose his memory and become disoriented and confused.
Although dementia is most common in elderly people, it's not a normal part of growing older but a syndrome caused by brain disease or injury. Dementia gets its name from the Latin words de, or "without," and mens, or "mind," which join together to mean "madness," although in English, dementia is not the same thing as madness. One example of an illness that causes dementia is Alzheimer's disease.
WORD FAMILY
dementia: dementias
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the last 15 years of Ruth Wong’s life, when she was ill with dementia, Mr. Wong forsook his work to care for her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Her coaching and her life were cut short by early onset dementia.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The 77-year-old is suffering from “severe dementia” and will not be charged with a crime, Alexandria Commonwealth’s Attorney Bryan Porter said Wednesday.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. [医]痴呆
分布：痴呆(100%)
→来自demented, 发狂的。
specialized
noun uncountable
■a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour （尤指老年性）痴呆
• The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. 最常见的痴呆病是阿兹海默症。
n. [内科] 痴呆
 - aphronesia

Word: sociological
Front: sociological
[ˌsəʊsɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (11210/6737)
Back: adj. 社会学的，社会学上的
分布：社会学的(82%)，社会的(18%)
US [ˌsoʊ.si.ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■related to or involving sociology 社会学的；有关社会问题的
• sociological theory/research 社会学理论／研究

Word: blossom
Front: blossom
[ˈblɒsəm] (研四六托雅宝 6437/10180 -2)
Vocabulary: blossom
(once / 252 pages)
1nv 2vn
The flowering part of a plant or tree that will form the seeds or fruit is called a blossom and synonyms include bloom and flower. The noun can also refer to the state of such flowering. You shouldn't miss cherry blossom time in Washington, D.C.
As a verb, blossom means to produce flowers. Your favorite time of year may spring be when all the trees blossom and the air is perfumed with their scent. The verb blossom also means to begin to flourish and develop. If you are a teenager, you might be waiting to blossom and feel confident in your personality and grow into your gangly limbs.
WORD FAMILY
blossom: blossomed, blossoming, blossoms+/blossoming: blossomings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday at the home on Blossom Knoll Avenue.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
At least Palmer gets to step back into the stadium where his dreams blossomed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 花，群花; 开花时期，（发育的）初期; 兴旺时期
vi. （植物）开花; 繁荣，兴旺; 长成
时态：blossomed, blossoming, blossoms
分布：花(79%)，开花(19%)，成长(1%)，全盛期(1%)
→来自bloom, 开花。
n.花(簇);花期;青春vi.开花;展开;繁荣The gossip tossed the mossy blossom fossil.爱讲闲话者向上抛长满苔藓的花化石.
US ['blɑ:.səm] verb intransitive
■When a tree or plant blossoms, it produces flowers before producing fruit which can be eaten （植物）开花
• The cherry tree is beginning to blossom. 樱桃树开始开花了。
■When people blossom, they become more attractive, successful or confident, and when good feelings or relationships blossom, they develop and become stronger （人）变得更有魅力（或更成功、更自信）；（好的感觉或关系）深入发展，增强
• She has really blossomed recently. 她近来确实变得惹人喜爱了。
• She is suddenly blossoming into a very attractive woman. 她突然出落成了一位很有魅力的女子。
• Sean and Sarah's friendship blossomed into love. 尚恩和莎拉之间的友谊发展成了爱情。
UK ['blɒs.əm] US ['blɑ:.səm] noun countable or uncountable
■a small flower, or the small flowers on a tree or plant （一朵）小花；植物上全部的小花
• apple/cherry blossom 苹果花／樱花
UK ['blɒs.əm] US ['blɑ:.səm] noun countable or uncountable
be in blossom
■to have flowers growing 在开花
bloom, flower, blossom
这组词都有“花”的意思，其区别是：
bloom: 主要指诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等供观赏的花以及花的状态。
flower: 指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。
blossom: 一般指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。
vi. [植] 开花；兴旺；发展成
 - succeed, come into flower
n. [植] 花；开花期；兴旺期；花开的状态
 - bloom, inflorescence

Word: speaking
Front: speaking
['spi:kɪŋ] (雅 11223/11083 -2)
Back: n. 说话; 讲话; 谈话; 演讲
adj. 演讲的; 富于表情的; （肖像）栩栩如生的; 雄辩的
v. 讲，谈(speak的现在分词 )
分布：发言的(35%)，栩栩如生的(26%)，动词speak的现在分词.(13%)，能说明问题的(13%)，能说的(13%)
N-UNCOUNT
发表讲话;演讲
Speaking is the activity of giving speeches and talks.
例：It would also train women union members in public speaking and decision-making...它还将培养工会的女性成员公开演讲和决策的能力。
例：His work schedule still includes speaking engagements and other public appearances.他的工作日程表上还包括演讲安排和在其他公开场合的露面。
PREP-PHRASE
(表示说话者身份)作为…来说
You can say 'speaking as a parent' or 'speaking as a teacher', for example, to indicate that the opinion you are giving is based on your experience as a parent or as a teacher.
例：Well, speaking as a journalist I'm dismayed by the amount of pressure there is for pictures of combat.嗯，作为一名新闻记者，拍摄战争场面的巨大压力让我深感不安。
PREP-PHRASE
(接过话头引入新话题)说到…，谈到…
You can say speaking of something that has just been mentioned as a way of introducing a new topic which has some connection with that thing.
例：There's plenty of time to drop hints for Christmas presents! And speaking of presents, we have 100 exclusive fragrance collections to give away.还有足够的时间去暗示自己想要的圣诞礼物！说到礼物，我们有 100 份限量版香水要赠送。
PHRASE
一般说来/从技术角度说来
You use speaking in expressions such as generally speaking and technically speaking to indicate which things or which particular aspect of something you are talking about.
例：Generally speaking there was no resistance to the idea...一般说来，没有人会反对这个观点。
例：Politically speaking, do you think that these moves have been effective?从政治角度来说，你认为这些举措有效吗？
adj. 演讲的；富于表情的，雄辩的
 - eloquent, Demosthenic
n. 说话；演讲
 - speech, address, lecture, talk

Word: pertaining
Front: pertaining
[pə(:)'teɪnɪŋ] (11215/-)
Back: n. 与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to)
v. 关于( pertain的现在分词 ); 有关; 存在; 适用
分布：附属的(52%)，动词pertain的现在分词(16%)，与 ... 有关系的(16%)，为 ... 固有的(16%)
VERB
与…相关；属于；适用（于）
If one thing pertains to another, it relates, belongs, or applies to it.
例：The restrictions he imposed pertained to the type and height of buildings and the activities for which they could be used...他限制的是建筑物的种类和高度以及它们的用途。
例：I would much rather that you asked Mrs Zuckerman any questions pertaining to herself.我宁愿你问楚克尔曼夫人的是与她本人相关的问题。
adj. 附属的；与…有关的
 - subsidiary, affiliated
n. 关于（pertain的ing形式）
 - relation to, apropos of

Word: iced
Front: iced
[aɪst] (11203/15363 -1)
Back: adj. 冰冷的，装冰的，冰冻的
v. （使）结冰( ice的过去式); （使）结冰( ice的过去式和过去分词)
分布：冰冷的(38%)，冰冻的(30%)，装冰的(26%)，动词ice的过去式和过去分词形式.(6%)
adjective
■An iced drink has been made very cold, usually by having ice added to it 冰镇的，加冰的
• iced tea 冰茶
• iced water 冰水
adj. 冰冻的；冰冷的；装冰的
 - freezing, frostbound

Word: bogus
Front: bogus
[ˈbəʊgəs] (宝 11232/11523 -1)
Vocabulary: bogus
(once / 4444 pages)
adj
Bogus means fake. A bogus dollar bill is counterfeit, a bogus Picasso was not painted by him, and a bogus attempt at reconciliation would come from someone who never intended to end a fight.
Perhaps appropriately, the word bogus originated in the US. Coined as a name for a machine that printed counterfeit money, it later became a trademark term among California surfers. In surfer speak, "totally bogus, dude" would describe any unfortunate situation.
WORD FAMILY
bogus: bogusly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include fake IRS calls, bogus sweepstakes, phony grandchild in distress calls and romance scams.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bill Clinton speaks to the press in Albany, praises Hillary for persevering through "that bogus email deal."
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
But the walking test is a bogus measure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 假冒的，伪造的; 佯作
分布：假的(69%)，伪造的(31%)
→词源不确定。通常认为来自bogey, 鬼怪，形容其突然出现。
【记】1）bog（v 使陷入沼泽），us我们。假币就会使我国陷入经济的沼泽。2）来自一种叫"Bogus"的机器，用来造伪钞
【反】authentic（adj 真实的）
US ['boʊ-] adjective
■false, not real or not legal 假的；假冒的，伪造的；非法的
• On investigation, his claim was found to be bogus. 调查发现，他的说法并不属实。
• She produced some bogus documents to support her application. 她提供了一些伪造的证件作为申请所需附件。
adj. 假的；伪造的
 - false, spurious

Word: delicacy
Front: delicacy
[ˈdelɪkəsi] (六宝 11228/9737 -1)
Vocabulary: delicacy
(once / 406 pages)
n
A ballerina's quick, perfect steps? An antique porcelain teacup? A tiny sentence etched inside a silver locket? All of these have delicacy, or fineness that comes from being light, beautiful, or small.
A delicacy can also be a prized dish that is eaten on special occasions or is especially loved by those in a certain culture or place. But what is a delicacy to some (chocolate-covered crickets, anyone?) might disgust others. Remember to use delicacy, or tact, in turning down someone else's delicacies. This could help you avoid hurting someone's feelings.
WORD FAMILY
delicacy: delicacies, indelicacy+/ delicate: delicacy, delicately, delicater, delicatest, indelicate, overdelicate/indelicacy: indelicacies/ indelicate: indelicately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Villafuerte offered roast pig, a popular Christmas delicacy locally called “lechon”, in evacuation centers to entice villagers to move to emergency shelters.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The holiday delicacy is lechon — whole suckling pig, a Filipino delicacy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He told DiCaprio that seeing Earth’s atmosphere as a “tiny little onion skin” from space helped him gain a fuller understanding of the planet’s delicacy.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 精美; 美味佳肴; 敏锐，敏感; 世故，圆滑
分布：佳肴(53%)，精致(31%)，谨慎(7%)，优雅(5%)，柔弱(4%)
精致,优美(de+lic+acy)[lic=allure,表示"引诱"]
【记】de加强，lic引诱－引诱你的东西－美味佳肴
【参】delicate（adj 精巧细致的；脆弱的；灵敏的）
【反】crudity（n 生硬；粗糙）；husky（adj 粗糙的）－delicate
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■something especially rare or expensive that is good to eat （尤指稀有昂贵的）美食，美味，佳肴
• In some parts of the world, sheep's eyes are considered a great delicacy. 羊眼在世界某些地方被认为是一种难得的美味佳肴。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
COULD OFFEND 可能冒犯
uncountable
■acting and speaking carefully so that nobody is offended, or the possibility of causing offence （行动或说话）慎重，周到；冒犯别人的可能性
• He raised the matter with great delicacy. 他十分慎重地提起这件事。
• I don't think you quite appreciate the delicacy of the situation. 我认为你还没有充分认识到局势的微妙性。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
EASY TO DAMAGE 易损坏
uncountable
■the quality of being easy to damage or looking very easy to damage 易损；易碎；脆弱
• Because of their great delicacy, the books cannot be moved. 由于这些书极易受损，因此不宜搬动。
['del.ɪ.kə.si] noun
CAREFUL 细心的
uncountable
■the quality of being done carefully or gently 精细，精妙
• We admired the delicacy of her brush strokes. 我们十分欣赏她精妙的毛笔字。
n. 微妙；精密
 - subtleness, nicety

Word: titanium
Front: titanium
[tɪˈteɪniəm] (11235/23407 -1)
Back: n. <化>钛
分布：名词(100%)
→来自 Titan,巨人，-ium,元素后缀，命名基于 uranium,铀，来自 Uranus.
noun uncountable
■a light, strong, white metallic element （化学元素）钛

Word: seismic
Front: seismic
[ˈsaɪzmɪk] (托雅宝 11220/13281 -1)
Vocabulary: seismic
(once / 7256 pages)
adj
For the ancient Greeks, "seismos" meant an earthquake. Later on, when the study of earthquakes became a science, anything seismic meant anything related to the study of the pressures in the Earth's crust.
The English language has a long and proud tradition of stealing scientific words and applying them in all sorts of ways that scientists probably wish they didn't: Darwinian, tempestuous, evolutionary — to name but three. It's the same with seismic, which is now far more likely to be applied to political or psychological turmoil than anything to do with the earth opening up and molten hot lava spewing out.
WORD FAMILY
seismic: seismically+/microseism: microseisms/seism: microseism, seismal, seismic
USAGE EXAMPLES
And unless there’s some seismic improvement, Miami’s NBA draft lottery odds might look pretty good as well.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The seismic zone extends for about 30 miles from the city of Brawley, across the Salton Sea’s southern half, and ends near Bombay Beach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in retrospect the seismic shocks of 2016, both political and environmental, lent greater urgency to her nightmare vision.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 地震的; 由地震引起的; 震撼世界的
分布：地震的(100%)
→seism-,地震，-ic,形容词后缀。
【记】se色，is，mic麦克：色情的女人用mic叫－震撼世界的
adjective
[before noun]
■relating to or caused by an earthquake 地震的；地震引起的
• seismic activity/waves 地震活动／地震波
■having very great and damaging effects 造成严重破坏的
• The news that the chairman would resign set off seismic waves in the business community. 主席要辞职的消息在商界引发了剧烈震撼。

Word: spree
Front: spree
[spri:] (11222/14800 -1)
Vocabulary: spree
(once / 2505 pages)
nv
If you go on a spree, you go a little wild, indulging in some activity in an unrestrained way. You might go on a cupcake spree every year on your birthday, eating as many cupcakes as you can.
Following your impulses and giving in to them — rather than resisting or limiting them — is one way to go on a spree. It can be a dancing spree, in which you dance all night long, or a shopping spree, in which you max out your credit card at the mall. The original slang meaning, and one that's still used today, is "a drinking bout," and it may be rooted in the French word esprit, "lively wit."
WORD FAMILY
spree: spreed, sprees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Miami Beach police tell local news outlets that dozens of bullets were fired during the shooting spree early Tuesday on Ocean Drive.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The company is enjoying rising sales as Chinese consumers shrug off the country’s slowing economic growth and continue their online buying spree.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The sole survivor of a family killing spree wonders: ‘Why am I the one who was left?’
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 欢闹; 狂欢; 无节制的狂热行为
vi. 狂欢; 狂饮
分布：欢闹(51%)，狂饮作乐(37%)，放纵的行为(12%)
→俚语，可能来自法语 espirt,精神，生机勃勃，词源同 spirit.引申词义玩乐，狂欢。
noun countable
■a short period of doing a particular, usually enjoyable, activity much more than is usual （常指过分的）玩乐；短暂的放纵
• I went on a drinking/shopping/spending spree on Saturday. 我星期六痛痛快快地喝了一通／疯狂采购了一番／挥霍了一番。
• Twenty people were shot dead in the city making it the worst killing spree since the riots. 20人在市内被枪杀，这是暴动以来最可怕的杀戮行为。
n. 狂欢；无节制的狂热行为；欢闹
 - revelry, orgy
vi. 狂欢；狂饮
 - have a ball, whoop up

Word: masculinity
Front: masculinity
[ˌmæskjuˈlɪnəti] (六 11274/10734)
Vocabulary: masculinity
(once / 13089 pages)
n
Masculinity is the quality of manliness — habits and traits that society considers to be appropriate for a man.
While certain jobs and professions have traditionally been associated with masculinity, like the military and firefighting, for example, these associations have begun to change as more women have pursued those types of careers. Some typical traits of masculinity include physical strength, a muscular body, and facial hair. The Latin root of masculinity is masculinus, "male," which comes from masculus, or "worthy of a male."
WORD FAMILY
masculinity: masculinities+/demasculinize: demasculinizes/ masculine: masculinely, masculines, masculinise, masculinity, masculinize/masculinise: demasculinise, masculinisation, masculinised/masculinize: demasculinize, masculinization, masculinized, masculinizes, masculinizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We support programs that support healthy masculinity,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And, in Gadd’s case, masculinity: alongside the personal healing, Monkey See Monkey Do insisted on a broader definition of manliness.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Patel: I found this masculinity and this sensitivity, both ends of the spectrum.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男性; 男子气概
分布：男子气慨(100%)
→来自masculine,男人的。引申词义男子汉气概。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the characteristics that are traditionally thought to be typical of or suitable for men 男子气概
• I don't think his masculinity is in question. 我认为他的男子气概无可置疑。
n. 男性；男子气；刚毅
 - mankind, maleness

Word: flair
Front: flair
[fleə(r)] (托宝 11212/9654 -1)
Vocabulary: flair
(once / 4225 pages)
1n 2n
Use the word flair to refer to someone’s knack or natural talent for something. Someone might have a flair for throwing fantastic parties, or a flair for solving complex math problems.
Something or someone with flair is flashy, catchy and full of energy. But oddly enough, flair meant "odor" when it originated in the mid 14th century. It wasn’t until 1925 that the word came to mean a distinctive talent, elegant style or dashing ability. So maybe think of someone absolutely reeking of style and panache — but in a good way.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flair / flare
Flair is a talent for something, like what the pro-wrestler Nature Boy Ric Flair had back in the day. Flare is on a candle or the shape of bell-bottoms that kids rocked back in the heyday of wrastlin'.
Flair is a noun meaning an aptitude or eagerness for something or a distinctive style. You might have a flair for photography, wrestling, or dressing like a flapper. If you describe food as having a certain flair, such as a Latin flair, you mean it has the distinctive style of Latin food. Flair isn't a synonym for flavor. Style is more than flavor. Here are some flairs, ta da:
Charming and gregarious with a flair for grand gestures, he was haunted by drug addiction. (New York Times)
Nice has always boasted an Italian flair; La Promenade respects that tradition by serving firm pasta, an outlier in a world of overcooked French noodles. (Business Week)
Flare has fun, too, in many different ways. As a noun, flare is a shape that is wider at one end, such as bellbottoms, also called flares. It can also be a flickering light, as with the flare of a match. To flare might be widen or to suddenly burn. A disease can flare up, or become worse, while your skirt can flare out, or widen. Flare on:
One oak is hollowed and flared at the bottom like an arched, empty shell. (New York Times)
Sudden anger flared up in the girl's blue eyes, though, he knew it was not directed against him. (Harold Bindloss)
If you're not sure which f-word you want, choose flare. After all, flair just refers to that special something, it's restricted to being a noun that means stylishness or an aptitude for something. Flare means everything else! (Almost)
WORD FAMILY
flair: flairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The play oozed with flair as the Wizards separated themselves early from an inferior opponent.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Of course, Mr. Burton applies plenty of visual flair and effects in bringing the strange world and powerful children to cinematic life.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
All of it is surrounded by enormous murals and sculptures with an only-in-Vegas flair.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 天资; 天分; 眼光; 鉴别力
分布：天赋(67%)，才华(23%)，鉴别力(10%)
→来自拉丁语fragrare, 释放气味，闻，词源同fragrant. 字母l和r异化。原指猎狗的灵敏的嗅觉，后形容人的特殊能力，天资。
【记】fl＝fly，air：fly到air中去了，没有天赋行吗？
US [fler] noun
only singular
■natural ability to do something well 天赋；天资；天分
• He has a flair for languages. 他具有语言天赋。
uncountable
■when something is done in an exciting and interesting way 才华；资质
• He played with great imagination and flair. 他的演奏充满了瑰丽奇特的想像，显示出过人的才情。
• It's a competent enough piece of writing but it lacks flair. 这篇文章写得还算不错，就是文采稍显不足。
n. 资质；鉴别力
 - discernibility, discriminating power

Word: delve
Front: delve
[delv] (宝 11237/11266 -1)
Vocabulary: delve
(once / 3380 pages)
v
The verb delve means to dig into, loosen, or investigate. She delved into her family's history and discovered an inventor, a checkers champion, and a circus equestrian in her ancestry.
Delve has a literal meaning of to dig into the earth ("to delve the soil," as in preparing a garden, for example), but this sense is rare now. The verb is most often used in the more figurative sense — like to delve into a problem or into someone's personal life.
WORD FAMILY
delve: delved, delves, delving
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when you delve more deeply, the tale is a surprising one.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
“It meant that you were delving into a different cultural realm.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
My parents in their eager search delved through the brochures, the interviews and assessments, the continuous churning of paperwork.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 探究; 挖掘
vt. 钻研; 挖掘
n. 穴; 洞
时态：delved, delving, delves
分布：探究(73%)，挖掘(21%)，搜索(6%)
→来自dhelbh, 挖，来自dhel,挖，挖掘，词源同dell, dale. 引申义翻找。
【记】读：待挖－有待于挖掘的东西值得深入刻苦地研究
verb intransitive
■to search, especially as if by digging, in order to find a thing or information 探索；深入寻找，搜寻
• She delved into her pocket to find some change. 她伸手到口袋里找零钱。
[delv] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  delve into sth
■to examine something carefully in order to discover more information about someone or something 深入探索；探究
• It's not always a good idea to delve too deeply into someone's past. 过分探究某人的过去并不见得总是一件好事。
vi. 钻研；探究；挖
 - pick, probe into
vt. 钻研；探究；挖
 - tunnel, probe into
n. 穴；洞
 - cavity, hole, aperture

Word: handcuff
Front: handcuff
[ˈhændkʌf] (11213/19376 -1)
Vocabulary: handcuff
(once / 2370 pages)
nv
A handcuff is a metal restraint that closes around a person's wrist. When police arrest a suspect, they often put handcuffs on him.
You'll almost always find this word in its plural form, since handcuffs come in pairs, one for each wrist. It's also a verb, meaning "to put handcuffs on a person." Police officers carry handcuffs with them, so that they're ready to handcuff criminals and troublemakers. Handcuffs hold the wrists close to each other, usually behind the wearer's back. The earliest meaning of handcuff was "decorative sleeve," in the 1640s.
WORD FAMILY
handcuff: handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goff was down there, somewhere, sacked by giants, handcuffed by his coaches, left lying in the limbo of a lost autumn.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Even when they leave their cells, inmates are handcuffed and escorted by guards.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 手铐; 思想上的桎梏
vt. 给…戴上手铐; 限制
时态：handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
分布：上手拷(100%)
→hand,手，cuff,袖口，手铐。
['hænd.kʌf] (informal cuff)
verb transitive often passive
■to put handcuffs on someone 给…戴手铐
• He arrived in court handcuffed to two police officers. 他上了法庭，手分别与两名员警的手铐在一起。
vt. 给…戴上手铐；限制
 - block, qualify
n. 手铐；思想上的桎梏
 - shackles, darby

Word: inland
Front: inland
[ˌɪnˈlænd] (高研六托雅 11233/5084 -2)
Vocabulary: inland
(once / 547 pages)
adjadv
Inland means far away from the ocean, or in the very middle of a country. If you were born and grew up in Kansas, you're familiar with inland living.
The opposite of inland is coastal. When you travel to the rocky coast of Maine or the soft sandy beaches of Florida, you're far from being inland — you return to your inland home town when you fly back to Gary, Indiana. Inland comes from the Old English inn lond, "land around the mansion of an estate," and it began to mean "land far from the coast" in the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
inland: inlander, inlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Being inland limits the number of internationally touring artists we get, and country and Americana music sometimes overshadow all else.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Detectives are investigating whether the thief is connected to fires in Irvine and the Inland Empire as well, Bertagna said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Inland Empire city started 2016 mourning the losses from a shocking terrorist attack.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 内地的，内陆的; 国内的
adv. 向内地，在内地; 向内陆，在内陆
n. 内地，内陆; 国内
分布：内陆(79%)，内陆地(9%)，内陆的(8%)，国内的(4%)
→in-,在内，在里，land,陆地。
a./ad.国内,内地,内陆Seabirds sometimes fly inland.海鸟有时飞向内陆.
adjective [before noun]
■in the middle of a country, away from the sea 内陆的，内地的
• The Black Sea is a large inland sea. 黑海是一个很大的内海。
['ɪn.lənd] [-lænd] [ˌ-'-] adverb
■towards the middle of a country, away from the sea 向（或在）内陆，向（或在）内地
• Seabirds often come inland to find food. 海鸟经常到内陆觅食。
n. 内地； [地理] 内陆
 - hinterland, outback
adj. [地理] 内陆的；内地的；国内的
 - internal, domestic, home
adv. 在内地；向内地； [地理] 向内陆；在内陆
 - inwardly, inclusively

Word: troll
Front: troll
[trɒl] (11284/17500)
Vocabulary: troll
(once / 2791 pages)
1n 2vn 3v 4vn
A troll is a supernatural creature who is either very big or very small, ugly, and not very nice. You're most likely to read about a troll in a fairytale — perhaps trying to trick a beautiful princess into marrying him!
You’ve probably come across a troll before, maybe in The Lord of the Rings. As a verb, to troll means to wander around. You may have heard of a trolley, which is a vehicle that helps you travel around a city. The word troll more generally refers to anything that repeats itself regularly. You might troll a city, searching for a trolley, or you might troll parts of a song, repeating them one after the other to annoy your neighbors!
WORD FAMILY
troll: trolled, troller, trolling, trolls+/troller: trollers/trolling: trollings
USAGE EXAMPLES
For people targeted by Internet “trolls,” the absence of a clear solution is often the most frustrating part.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
She’s simply not as flexible as she was in 1991, when she released “Emotions”; then again, her online trolls probably aren’t either.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If you voted for Trump and continue to support him and you think you are better than these bigoted virulent trolls, you’re not.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. （使）旋转; 合唱中的轮唱; 放声高唱; 钓（鱼）
n. 旋转，轮唱，钓鱼
时态：trolled, trolling, trolls
分布：巨人(33%)，巨怪(28%)，反复(9%)，搜索(6%)，滚动(6%)，钓饵(6%)，钓绳(6%)，用曳绳钓(6%)
→来自古诺斯语 troll,巫师，术士，占卜者，来自 Proto-Germanic*truzla,魔鬼，山精，巨怪，来 自 dra,跑，逃离，可能衍生自 der,走，跑，踩踏，词源同 trap,tread.参照电影《冰雪 女王》。troll 旋转，滚动，搜查，搜索，拖钓
US [troʊl] noun countable
CREATURE 人
■an imaginary, either very large or very small creature in traditional Scandinavian stories, that has magical powers and lives in mountains or caves （斯堪的纳维亚地区传说中的）山精，巨人，侏儒
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] noun countable
COMPUTING 计算
■someone who leaves an intentionally annoying message on the Internet, in order to get attention or cause trouble （在网际网路上为吸引别人关注或捣乱）故意留下令人生气的帖子
■a message that someone leaves on the Internet, which is intended to annoy people 网路怪论（某人留在网际网路上的资讯，目的是要让人感到烦闷）
• A well-constructed troll will provoke irate or confused responses from flamers and newbies. 精心策划的网路怪论会诱发易冲动的网友和网路新手作出种种回覆，有义愤填膺的，有充满困惑的。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
FISH 鱼
■to try to catch fish by pulling a baited line through the water behind a boat 曳绳钓鱼，拖钓（在船后于水中拖曳一个带饵的鱼线以钓鱼）
• Boats trolling for mackerel. 采用曳绳钓鲭法的船
• They were trolling the colder waters of the Channel. 他们在英吉利海峡的寒冷水域利用曳绳钓鱼。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
SEARCH 搜寻 mainly US to search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻，寻找
• They are trolling the Internet for new customers. 他们在网际网路上搜寻新顾客。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
COMPUTING 计算
■to leave an insulting message on a part of the Internet for no reason （无缘由地在网际网路上某处）留下侮辱性的讯息
• Getting trolled is one of the most annoying things about buying stuff on the Internet. 在网际网路上购物，其中一件最令人讨厌的事情是被人无端留言辱骂。
vt. 轮唱，使转动；放声高唱；拖饵钓鱼
 - rotate
n. 轮唱；钓鱼
 - angler, antiphonal singing

Word: dock
Front: dock
[dɒk] (研四六雅宝 4912/3530 -2)
Vocabulary: dock
(once / 442 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4nv
A dock is a structure that's made for bringing boats or ships in to the shore and loading or unloading them of goods or passengers. The small dock behind your lake house might be mainly used for launching your canoe.
Smaller docks are wooden planks that jut into the water — boats can pull up and be tied or anchored there. Larger docks in harbors might have gates enclosing areas of water where ships can be repaired or cargo unloaded. When boats dock, they pull up to a dock or a pier. You can also use the verb form of dock to mean "cut off," as when a farmer docks an animal's tail or a boss docks a worker's wages.
WORD FAMILY
dock: dockage, docked, docker, docking, docks, undock+/docker: dockers/docking: dockings/undock: undocked, undocking
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say the contract was awarded competitively and will pay for replacement of part of dry dock number 3 at the shipyard.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His body was found just off a dock.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The man was brought to the boat dock at Silver Palm Park and flown to St. Mary’s Medical Center in West Palm Beach.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 码头; 被告席; 草本植物; 尾巴的骨肉部份
vt. & vi. （使）船停靠码头; 剪短（尾巴等）; 削减，缩减（工资等）; 在…设置船坞
vi. 入船坞
时态：docked, docking, docks
分布：码头(77%)，船坞(22%)，船埠(1%)
→来自词根duc, 引导，词源同duke, conduct. 用于指码头，船坞。
n.船坞,码头At the dock I'm shocked to see the pocket rocket made of a block of rock.在码头看到一块岩石做的小巧火箭,我感到震惊.
【源】原指：剪掉动物的尾巴而露出的骨头，其形状是一个小的突起，比较向码头延伸出来的样子，就引申为码头了。Doc：Word文档格式，k象一把张开的剪刀－简短
US [dɑ:k] noun
FOR SHIPS 船用
 IMPROVER countable
■an area of water in a port that can be closed off and that is used for putting goods onto and taking them off ships or repairing ships 泊位；船坞 Compare harbour
docks
[plural]
■a group of these areas of water in a port and the buildings around them 码头（包括多个泊位和四周的建筑）
• The strike has led to the cancellation of some ferry services and left hundreds of passengers stranded at the docks. 罢工导致部分轮度停业，数百名旅客滞留码头。
countable US
■a long platform built over water where passengers can get on or off a boat or where goods can be put on and taken off 码头
UK [dɒk] US [dɑ:k] noun
LAW 法律
the dock only singular mainly UK
■the place in a criminal law court where the accused person sits or stands during the trial 被告席
• The defendant seemed nervous as he left the dock and stepped up to the witness box. 被告人在离开被告席走向证人席时似乎有些紧张。
• The company will find itself in the dock (= in court) if it continues to ignore the pollution regulations. 如果该公司继续无视控制污染的规定，它就会被告上法庭。
UK [dɒk] US [dɑ:k] noun
PLANT 植物
countable or uncountable
■a common wild plant with large wide leaves which grows in some northern countries such as Britain 酸模
• Rubbing dock leaves on nettle stings helps to relieve the pain. 将酸模叶子揉碎抹在荨麻刺伤处有助于止痛。
UK [dɒk] US [dɑ:k] verb
REMOVE 拿走
transitive
■to remove part of something, especially money 克扣，扣发（尤指金钱）
• The University has docked lecturers' pay/wages by 20% because of their refusal to mark examination papers. 该大学由于教师们拒绝批改试卷扣发了他们20%的工资。
• The lambs' tails are docked (= cut short) for hygiene reasons. 出于卫生方面的考虑，羊的尾巴都被剪短了。
UK [dɒk] US [dɑ:k] verb
SHIP 船
intransitive or transitive
■If a ship docks, it arrives at a dock and if someone docks a ship, they bring it into a dock （使）靠岸，（使）停泊，（使）进港
• Hundreds of people turned up to see the ship dock at Southampton. 数百人前来观看该船驶入南安普敦港。
• The Russians and Americans docked (= joined together in space) (their spacecraft) just after one o'clock this morning. 俄国人和美国人（的太空船）今天凌晨一点刚过时实现了太空对接。
port, harbor, dock
port: 重心在陆地，包括其所在的城市，port city
harbor: 重心在水，指停泊船只、装卸货物的天然或人工港口，为避风港湾
dock: 码头
n. [水运] 码头； [船] 船坞；被告席；尾巴的骨肉部分
 - landing, pier
vt. 使靠码头；剪短
 - crop, bob

Word: unpublished
Front: unpublished
[ʌnˈpʌblɪʃt] (11265/9025 -1)
Vocabulary: unpublished
(once / 3068 pages)
adj
Unpublished means not made public. If your phone number is unpublished, it’s not listed in the telephone directory and you’re safe from late-night calls from long-lost boyfriends.
If you’re scrounging around in an old desk drawer and stumble upon an unpublished poem by Emily Dickinson, your discovery is likely to make you famous. A painting or a piece of music can also be described as unpublished if no one has written about it or put it into some kind of form available to a wider audience. If you're an aspiring author but nothing you've written has appeared in print yet, you're an unpublished author.
WORD FAMILY
published: unpublished +/ publication: publications/ publish: publication, publishable, published, publisher, publishes, publishing, republish/publishable: unpublishable/ publisher: publishers/publishing: publishings/republication: republications/republish: republication, republished, republishes, republishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Email your previously unpublished work or proposal to Sports Editor Paul Barrett at pbarrett@seattletimes.com or sports@seattletimes.com.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Email your original, previously unpublished work or proposal to Sports Editor Paul Barrett at pbarrett@seattletimes.com or sports@seattletimes.com.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
That effort, too, was ultimately blocked by the Virginia Supreme Court, which ruled that unpublished research should be protected in the interest of academic freedom.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 未公开出版发行的; 未发表过的
分布：未发表的(68%)，未出版的(32%)
adjective
■written but not yet published 未出版的，未发表的
• After his death, his daughter found an unpublished manuscript among his papers. 他死后，女儿在他的档中发现了一部未发表的手稿。
• a collection of unpublished poems 未发表的诗集

Word: giddy
Front: giddy
[ˈgɪdi] (宝 11227/21938 -1)
Vocabulary: giddy
(once / 1023 pages)
adj
If you've ever spun in circles until you fell to the ground laughing, you know how it feels to be giddy. This adjective can mean dizzy, elated, or — as in the spinning around example –- a lightheaded, lighthearted combination of the two.
The hackneyed phrase "giddy as a schoolgirl" calls forth the image of a kid giggling with her friends over some adolescent foolishness. Giddy has been used to describe someone incapable of serious thought or easily excited as far back as the sixteenth century. Given that, in modern usage, giddy describes someone silly and frivolous, it's interesting to know that the Old English source for this word has a slightly darker tinge: gidig means "insane" or "god-possessed."
WORD FAMILY
giddy: giddied, giddier, giddiest, giddily, giddiness+/giddiness: giddinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am pretty giddy,” said Mr. Cole as he looked ahead.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is my first foster fail,” she said in a phone interview, sounding not at all defeated, but categorically giddy.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In October 1979, Dr. Ehrlich told The Wall Street Journal he wasn’t ready to join his giddier colleagues in bidding up stocks.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 头晕的; 眼花的; 轻浮的，轻佻的; 轻狂的
vt. & vi. 使眩晕; 使眼花
级别：giddier, giddiest
分布：轻浮的(62%)，头晕的(17%)，眼花的(14%)，轻率的(7%)
→来自god, 神，引申义鬼神附体，眩晕，参照enthusiasm.
【记】读：极低－极为低级（想象）－轻浮而不严肃的
【反】grave（adj 严重的；严肃的）；serious（adj 严肃认真的；严重的）
adjective
■ dizzy
adj. 头晕的；眼花的；令人眼花缭乱的；轻浮的
 - light-headed, fuzzy-headed
vt. 使晕眩；使眼花缭乱
 - daze
vi. 眼花；眩晕
 - swim

Word: adamant
Front: adamant
[ˈædəmənt] (托宝 11251/9491 -1)
Vocabulary: adamant
(once / 2942 pages)
nadj
If you stubbornly refuse to change your mind about something, you are adamant about it.
This word's story begins in ancient Greece, where philosophers spoke about a legendary unbreakable stone or metal they called adamas (literally, "invincible"). In English, people began to use the word to refer to something that cannot be altered, and then in the twentieth century — after adamant had been in English for about a thousand years — it came to be used as an adjective to mean "unyielding as stone." If you're adamant about something, no amount of persuasion is going to convince you otherwise.
WORD FAMILY
adamant: adamance, adamantly, adamants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roof also was adamant that a transcript of a hearing where he was found mentally competent not be released to the public.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After practice on Wednesday, Bozzella was adamant about the need for women’s basketball to break through on television channels already oversaturated with college basketball.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“He is adamant that before he dies, he wants to revive interest in the family, to get Thibaw’s reputation revised.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚硬无比的; 牢不可破的; 坚定不移的; 坚决的
n. 坚硬的物质; <地质>硬石; <诗>牢不可破
分布：坚定不移的(40%)，固执的(38%)，硬石(15%)，坚硬无比之物(7%)
→前缀a-, 无，不。词根dam, 同tame,驯服。无法驯服的，坚定的。diamond,钻石，词源同。
坚定的,坚固的(a不+dama+ant→不可征服的)[dama=conpuer(征服)]
【记】a一个，dam大坝，ant蚂蚁＝一个大坝上的蚂蚁。在一座雄壮的大坝上，我认识了一只蚂蚁！它正在凛冽的寒风中背单词！！！正是他启发了我写这本书，正是他——坚强的蚂蚁、固执的蚂蚁——激励我不断向上。同学们，学学蚂蚁同志吧！抛开儿女私情，投入到背单词的伟大事业中去！！！
【反】vacillatory（adj 犹豫不决的）；moved（adj 打动的）；incline to yield（容易妥协的）；irresolute（adj 犹豫不决的）
adjective
■impossible to persuade, or unwilling to change an opinion or decision 固执的；坚决的，坚定不移的
• [+ that] I've told her she should stay at home and rest but she's adamant that she's coming. 我告诉过她应该在家里休息，可她坚持要来。
adj. 固执的，坚强的；坚定不移的；坚硬无比的
 - fixed, strong, persistent, tough, steel
n. 坚硬的东西；坚石
 - solid rock

Word: cashier
Front: cashier
[kæˈʃɪə(r)] (雅 11211/15610 -1)
Vocabulary: cashier
(once / 1782 pages)
1n 2v
A cashier is someone who works at a store ringing up people's purchases. Most cashiers use a cash register for keeping money and making change.
Fast food restaurants, grocery stores, and book shops all hire cashiers to scan purchases or manually enter their prices into a register, process the customer's payment, and put the items in bags. In Britain, you can also call a bank teller a cashier. The word is from the Middle French caissier, "treasurer," which comes from caisse, "money box."
WORD FAMILY
cashier: cashiered, cashiering, cashiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was “very, very, extremely busy” in the days leading up to the holidays, a cashier said.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“Pretty much everything is on me,” said Ms. Harrell, who works as a cashier at a local Home Depot.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
After he was laid off, he got a job as a convenience store cashier, which pays a lot less.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 出纳员
vt. 解雇; 抛弃
时态：cashiered, cashiering, cashiers
分布：出纳员(54%)，收银员(42%)，解职(2%)，丢弃(2%)
→来自cash, 现金。
出纳(cash现金+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
n.收银员,出纳员She is a cashier in a bank.她是银行的出纳员.
US [-'ɪr] noun countable
■a person whose job is to receive and pay out money in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc. （商店、银行、餐馆等的）收银员，出纳员
UK [kæʃ'ɪər] US [-'ɪr] verb transitive
■to officially dismiss (= remove from a job) a person from a military organization, especially making them lose their honour at the same time 撤销…的军职；取消…的军籍
n. [会计] 出纳员；司库
 - teller, treasurer
vt. 解雇；抛弃
 - get the boot, to sack

Word: afloat
Front: afloat
[əˈfləʊt] (11249/13781 -1)
Vocabulary: afloat
(once / 1000 pages)
adj
If something's afloat, it's drifting on the water. When you sail toy boats, you set them afloat across a pond or lake.
You can set something afloat, like an inner tube in a pool or a leaf on a stream, or you can struggle to stay afloat, as when the passengers of a capsized boat try to keep their heads above water. In either case, being afloat means floating on the surface. The Old English word is aflote, from a Germanic root word.
WORD FAMILY
afloat
USAGE EXAMPLES
Afloat, Raban writes, he found a “sea-distance” that matched his sense of estrangement from Britain, and the grounding stability that eluded him on land.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Dave Goodside kept the Beach Cafe restaurant open, borrowing money, laying off employees and sometimes working nonstop to remain afloat.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The people trying to enter the U.S. illegally were struggling to stay afloat when they were spotted by agents late Monday night.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 在船上（的）; 浮在水面（的）; 漂流着的; 漂浮不定
adj. 在船上（的）
分布：在流传中(28%)，浸满水的(18%)，漂浮的(18%)，无欠债的(9%)，在流传中的(9%)，免于经济困难地(9%)，飘浮地(9%)
US [-'floʊt] adjective [after verb]
■floating on water （在水中）漂浮的
• She spent seven days afloat on a raft. 她在一只木筏上漂流了七天。
• He managed to keep/stay afloat by holding on to the side of the boat. 他抓住了船舷才使自己没有沉到水底。
■having enough money to pay what you owe 有偿债能力的；经济上周转自如的
• Many small businesses are struggling to stay/keep afloat. 许多小企业只能勉强维持经营。
adj. 在海上的；飘浮的；浸满水的；在传播的
 - waterlogged

Word: galley
Front: galley
[ˈgæli] (宝 11266/12587 -1)
Vocabulary: galley
(once / 631 pages)
n
A galley is a long ship propelled by oars, and possibly sails as well. You're not likely to see a galley these days: they were used from ancient to medieval times.
You may have seen movies portraying old ships with dozens of rowers, lined up on benches. Those ships are galleys. Galleys were used for more than a thousand years, and they played an important role in both war and trade. If someone today says they’ve been in a galley, you can assume they aren’t referring to this kind of ship. They probably mean the galley, or the kitchen area, of a ship or airplane.
WORD FAMILY
galley: galleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What I do is somewhere between ditch digging and galley slaving,” she told Life in 1966.
New York Times(Nov 11, 2016)
She removed the galley kitchen and created an open and airy living area composed of a family room, dining area and kitchen.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Open shelving in kitchens, especially in a galley or small kitchen, can make the room feel more open.
New York Times(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 单层甲板大帆船; 军舰舰长用的大划艇; （船舰，飞机上的）厨房; 活版盘，长条校样
分布：单层甲板大帆船(100%)
→来自拉丁语galea, 小船，战舰。后也指大船上的厨房。
【记】既有gall（胆汁），又有ey＝eye眼睛的地方－吃人的海盗船的厨房
【区】gallery（n 走廊；美术陈列室；画廊）
noun countable
KITCHEN 厨房
■a kitchen in a ship or aircraft （船或飞机上的）厨房
['gæl.i] noun countable
BOAT 船
■(in the past) a long low ship which had sails and was usually rowed by prisoners and slaves （旧时常由犯人或奴隶划桨的）桨帆船
• a galley slave 划桨的奴隶
n. [船] 船上的厨房；单层甲板的大帆船； [印刷] 活版盘，长条校样
 - cookhouse

Word: puree
Front: puree
[ˈpjʊəreɪ] (11243/39228 -1)
Vocabulary: puree
(once / 28828 pages)
nv
A puree is a very smooth, crushed or blended food — like applesauce or mashed potatoes. To puree something is to blend, chop, mash, or strain a food until it reaches this soft consistency. If it tastes like mush, then it's a puree!
You might think of purees as baby food, and it's true that a vegetable or fruit puree is the perfect first food for a baby to eat before she has teeth. There are plenty of things that adults like to puree too, though, like chickpeas (to make hummus) and avocados (to make guacamole). Puree is from the French purée, "pea soup."
WORD FAMILY
puree: pureed, purees
USAGE EXAMPLES
When all the strawberries are charred, combine them with half of the sugar in a blender or food processor and puree.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Puree until smooth, then pour the mixture into a medium saucepan.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Let the soup cool for 15 minutes, then puree it in a blender in three batches, until smooth.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 浓汤; 果泥; 菜泥
vt. 煮成浓汤或者酱
时态：pureed, pureeing, purees
分布：果泥(37%)，菜泥(27%)，浓汤(18%)，做浓汤(9%)，做果泥(9%)
→来自法语puree,豌豆汤，碗豆糊，浆糊，来自法语purer,使变纯，来自拉丁语purus,纯的，词源同pure.
N-VAR
酱；糊；泥
Puree is food which has been crushed or beaten so that it forms a thick, smooth liquid.
例：...a can of tomato puree...一罐西红柿酱
例：Push the potatoes through a sieve to make a puree.用漏勺轧土豆做成土豆泥。
VERB
把（食物）做成糊（或泥）状
If you puree food, you make it into a puree.
例：Puree the apricots in a liquidiser until completely smooth.用榨汁机将杏打成糊状，直至完全搅匀。
n. 浓汤；果泥；菜泥
 - thick soup, bisk

Word: gossip
Front: gossip
[ˈgɒsɪp] (研六托雅 6861/6049 -2)
Vocabulary: gossip
(once / 336 pages)
nv
Gossip is conversation that's light, informal, and usually about other people's business. It can be fun to gossip about others, but no one likes it when they're the subject of gossip.
You can find people just about anywhere who love to chatter about the latest rumors and stories: they're gossips who love to gossip. You've probably seen all the celebrity gossip featured in the tabloids: stories about who's dating, marrying, divorcing, or having a baby. But don't trust everything you hear — gossip isn't always accurate, and often people spread untrue gossip just to mess with someone they don't like.
WORD FAMILY
gossip: gossiped, gossiper, gossiping, gossipped, gossipping, gossips, gossipy+/ gossiper: gossipers/gossiping: gossipings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The George became a home for political debate and gossip - and Shakespeare's plays were often performed in its courtyard.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
He fashioned himself into a regular in the gossip pages, playing the city’s tabloids off each other as he promoted his personal brand.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“The men would kind of exchange some politics and, if we’re truthful, we probably shared some gossip, too.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 流言蜚语，谣言; 爱讲闲话的人; 谈话，闲话; 关系亲密的伙伴
vi. 传播流言，说长道短
时态：gossipped, gossiping, gossips
分布：闲话(51%)，流言蜚语(45%)，爱说长道短的人(4%)
→gos, 来自god, 上帝。sip, 姐妹，词源同sibling, sister. 即上帝的姐妹，通常指妇女们聚在一起闲聊，闲侃，引申词义流言蜚语。
n./v.(说)闲话,闲聊The gossip tossed the mossy blossom fossil.爱讲闲话者向上抛长满苔藓的花化石.
【源】由 god+sib＝related亲戚－神的亲戚－教父、教母－亲密的朋友－酒肉朋友－边喝边聊－闲聊－长舌妇goss＝goose鹅，sip（v 吸吮）－一堆鹅在sip酒聊天－讲闲话
US ['gɑ:.səp] noun
 ADVANCED [S or U]
■(a) conversation or reports about other people's private lives which might be unkind, disapproving or not true （有关别人隐私的）流言蜚语，闲言闲语，闲聊
• Her letter was full of gossip. 她信里讲的都是些闲言闲语。
• Jane and Lyn sat in the kitchen having a good gossip about their friends. 简和琳恩坐在厨房里大聊特聊自己的那班朋友。
• I don't like all this idle gossip. 我讨厌这些无聊的流言蜚语。
• I've got some juicy gossip for you. 我有些特别有趣的小道传闻告诉你。
• Have you heard the (latest) gossip? 你听到（最近流传的）那些闲言闲语吗？
countable disapproving (mainly UK gossipmonger)
■someone who enjoys talking about other people and their private lives 爱说三道四的人；喜欢散布流言蜚语的人
• She's a terrible gossip. 她是个很要命的长舌妇。
UK ['gɒs.ɪp] US ['gɑ:.səp] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to talk about other people's private lives （对别人的隐私）说三道四，传播流言蜚语
• Stop gossiping and get on with some work. 别再闲扯了，继续工作去。
• People have started to gossip about us. 人们已经开始说我们的闲话了。
n. 小道传闻；随笔；爱说长道短的人
 - essay, quidnunc
vi. 闲聊；传播流言蜚语
 - chat about, make conversation

Word: fella
Front: fella
['felə(r)] (11255/10720 -1)
Back: n. 伙伴，伙计; 小伙子
分布：小伙子(53%)，伙计(47%)
→来自fellow的宾格或口语。
noun countable not standard
■a man 伙计；小伙子；哥们
• There were a couple of fellas leaning up by the bar. 有几个小伙子斜倚在吧台边。
■a male sexual partner or boyfriend 男性性伴侣；男朋友
• Was she with her fella? 她和男朋友在一起吗？
n. 伙伴，伙计；小伙子
 - partner, comrade, mates

Word: sob
Front: sob
[sɒb] (高研四六 7230/8177 -1)
Vocabulary: sob
(once / 254 pages)
vn
If you're so upset you're crying loudly, taking in big gasps of air and heaving your chest, you are sobbing.
Picture a child on the playground who has fallen and can't find his or her mother. The child's face is red and streaked with tears, and he or she is gasping from crying so hard. This poor little boy or girl is sobbing uncontrollably. Sometimes, while trying not to cry, you might let out a single sob. A "sob story" is a story meant to make you feel bad for someone, so bad you might sob for them.
WORD FAMILY
sob: sobbed, sobbing, sobs+/sobbing: sobbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one point, she hid under a piano, sobbing about how the work was too hard and she’d never succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Robert Rice apologized and sobbed Wednesday before a federal judge in Harrisburg issued the sentence.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
She fell against the kitchen cupboard and then to the floor, where she curled up, sobbing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 呜咽; 发呜咽声
vt. 哭诉，呜咽着说; 哭得使…
n. 啜泣（声），呜咽（声）
时态：sobbed, sobbing, sobs
分布：呜咽(48%)，哭泣(26%)，抽泣(26%)
v./n.哭泣,呜咽The child sobbed loudly.这个孩子大声地哭泣.
US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
verb intransitive
■to cry noisily, taking in deep breaths 呜咽，啜泣，抽噎
• I found her sobbing in the bedroom because she'd broken her favourite doll. 我看见她在卧室里啜泣，因为她弄坏了自己最心爱的娃娃。
• You're not going to help matters by lying there sobbing! 你躺在那里哭并不能解决问题！
UK [sɒb] US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
verb intransitive
sob your heart out
■to cry very much 哭得很伤心
UK [sɒb] US [sɑ:b] (-bb-)
noun countable
■an act or sound of sobbing 呜咽，啜泣，抽噎
• I could hear her sobs from the next room. 我听见隔壁传来她的啜泣声。
weep, cry, sob
weep: 哭泣，书面语，常指小声或无声地哭泣，有时可与cry通用。如：She wept at the sad news.(听到这不幸的消息，她哭了。)
cry: 哭，普通用语，常指出声地哭。如：The little girl cried herself to sleep.(小女孩哭着睡着了。)
sob: 抽泣，呜咽：She sobbed herself to sleep.(她啜泣着入睡了。)
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 啜泣，呜咽；（风等）发出呜咽声
 - pule
n. 啜泣，呜咽
 - snivel

Word: frigid
Front: frigid
[ˈfrɪdʒɪd] (托宝 11238/21274)
Vocabulary: frigid
(once / 2022 pages)
1adj 2adj
Like the North Pole on the coldest day of winter, frigid is an adjective that means extremely chilly. It applies to both temperatures and personalities.
Frigid comes to us from the Latin frigidus, meaning “cold, chill, cool” or “indifferent.” That explains why it's used to describe both arctic weather and someone's particularly unfriendly demeanor. So the inside of your ice box is certainly frigid, but so is a stern boss who refuses to smile or say hi when you hop in the same elevator. His glare is so emotionally frosty that it freezes you in your tracks.
WORD FAMILY
frigid: frigidest, frigidity, frigidly, frigidness+/frigidity: frigidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Sun’s “Mythological Time” depicts his hometown, Fuxin in Liaoning, a frigid province wedged between North Korea and Inner Mongolia.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Most of the state’s scallop catch is harvested by draggers, but dozens of divers also plunge into frigid waters to find the shellfish.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
In addition to frigid temperatures, honey bee colonies must battle disease and parasites.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 寒冷的; 极冷的; 冷漠的; （尤指女人）性冷淡的
adv. 寒冷地，冷漠地
n. 寒冷，冷漠
分布：寒冷的(84%)，冷淡的(16%)
→来自拉丁语frigidus, 寒冷的，来自srig, 冷，词源同fridge,sang-froid. 同时，用于指性冷淡。
寒冷的(frig+id)[frig,friger=cold,表示"冷"]
adjective
DISLIKING SEX 性冷感的
■(of a woman) having difficulty in becoming sexually excited （女人）性冷感的，难以达到性高潮的
['frɪdʒ.ɪd] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly or very formal 冷淡的；极正式的
• There's a rather frigid atmosphere in the school. 学校里气氛很严肃。
['frɪdʒ.ɪd] adjective
COLD 寒冷的
■(of weather conditions or the conditions in a room) extremely cold （天气或室内温度）寒冷的，严寒的
• Few plants can grow in such a frigid environment. 几乎没有甚么植物能够在如此寒冷的环境下生长。
adj. 寒冷的，严寒的；冷淡的
 - cold, cutting, freezing

Word: itinerary
Front: itinerary
[aɪˈtɪnərəri] (托雅宝 11240/12273 -1)
Vocabulary: itinerary
(once / 4429 pages)
n
An itinerary is your travel plan — where you will go and when you will be there.
If you make plans to fly to Paris from Beijing or take a train to Chicago from Mexico City, you will need an itinerary. That means you will have a plan that displays how you will get from point to point in your travels and when you will be at each point. This word comes from the Middle English itinerarius and is defined as being "about a journey." Itineraries can be really useful because if you give your mother yours, she will always know where you are!
WORD FAMILY
itinerary: itineraries
USAGE EXAMPLES
About a year ago, American updated its phone app with the ability to change itineraries when weather waivers were issued.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No need to worry about an itinerary or hotels.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The itinerary on other airlines starts at about $1,655.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 旅程，路线; 旅行日程; 旅行指南; 旅行日记
adj. 旅程的; 巡回的，流动的; 旅行途中的
分布：旅程(58%)，旅程的(15%)，游记(9%)，巡回的(9%)，游历的(9%)
→来自拉丁语iter,走，旅程，词源同ion,exit.引申词义旅程，行程表等。
旅行安排,旅程(itiner+ary)[it=go,表示"行走"]
【记】it，in，er，ary：它it是一只蟑螂，在你的er耳朵里in旅行。
【参】itinerant（adj 巡回的；n 巡回者）；itinerate（v 巡回）
US [-ə.rer-] noun countable
■a detailed plan or route of a journey 旅行计划，预定行程
• The tour operator will arrange transport and plan your itinerary. 旅行社工作人员将负责安排交通和行程计划。
n. 路线，旅程；旅行指南
 - line, route, thread
adj. 旅程的；巡回的
 - road

Word: overrun
Front: overrun
[ˌəʊvəˈrʌn] (雅 11253/14156 -1)
Back: vt. 超过（范围）; （尤指坏事或不欲之事）泛滥; 蹂躏; 蔓延
n. 泛滥成灾; 超过限度
vi. 泛滥; 超过限度
时态：overran, overrun, overrunning, overruns
分布：泛滥(59%)，侵占(25%)，超越(11%)，流行于(5%)
→over-,在上，超过，run,跑。引申词义赶上，超过。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overrunning, overran, overrun)
verb
FILL 装满
   transitive
■If unwanted people or things overrun, they fill a place quickly and in large numbers （有害的人或事物）肆虐，横行，泛滥
• Rebel soldiers overran the embassy last night. 昨晚叛乱士兵侵占了大使馆。
• Our kitchen is overrun with cockroaches. 我们的厨房蟑螂横行。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'rʌn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] (overrunning, overran, overrun)
verb
GO PAST 超过
   intransitive or transitive
■to continue past an intended limit, especially a finishing time or a cost 超越，超过（尤指完成期限或费用）
• My evening class overran by ten minutes. 我的夜校课延迟了10分钟。
• It looks as if we're going to overrun our budget. 看上去我们要超出预算了。
vt. 泛滥；超过；蹂躏
 - better than, top
vi. 泛滥；蔓延
 - creep, to spread

Word: jig
Front: jig
[dʒɪg] (11263/16441 -1)
Vocabulary: jig
(once / 2866 pages)
1nv 2n
A jig is a lively, festive kind of dance. When you do a jig, you spend a lot of time hopping, kicking, and shuffling your feet.
The jig is mainly associated with Ireland and Scotland, and it plays a big role in both traditional Irish dancing and Scottish country dancing. The jig also influenced 20th century African American tap and soft-shoe dance styles. You can also call the type of tune that's played to accompany the dance a jig. The source of jig is most likely the Middle French giguer, "to dance" or "to jump."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
gig / jig
Gig with a hard "g" is a job. Jig, on the other hand, is a dance. The kind a band might do when they land a gig headlining Madison Square Garden.
A gig is basically freelance job. The word comes from jazz and often refers to a musical performance. If your band has a gig, you could say you're gigging. It's also short for "gigabyte," a unit of measurement in computer land. Gig likes to get around:
"Eagles of Death Metal's frontman has said he feels a deep responsibility to resume the gig which came under attack from terrorists." (BBC)
"He eventually retired from his job as an EMS for the Baltimore fire department and found a teaching gig near Hampton." (Washington Post)
"They have one job or two—or else they race from gig to gig and chore to chore as rapidly as they can." (New Yorker)
A jig has roots in traditional Irish folk dancing. Jig is also the name of the kind of song that you dance a jig to. Is a jig also a fishing lure? Sure! And, it's the name of a tool that comes in handy if you're making a jigsaw puzzle. It used to mean "trick," so if you catch someone breaking a rule, you tell 'em "the jig is up." Examples:
"It prompted Garcia to dance a jig of delight on the green." (New York Times)
"A new law goes into effect June 1 prohibiting the sale or use of lead sinkers and jigs that weigh less than an ounce." (Washington Times)
"There was also a less complex dolly jig designed to make a small doll dance." (Washington Times)
If you get them mixed up, remember that gig usually has a hard "g" for cold hard cash, and a jig makes people feel jolly.
WORD FAMILY
jig: jigged, jigging, jigs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead of carrying on, she performed a strange jig while the music continued, then eventually left the stage.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
White bass are fair jigging Tiny Traps and Curb’s crappie jigs along main lake points and creek bluffs in 15-25 feet.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Most of the decor is traditional: white lights, red velvet bows, wreaths, electric candlesticks, a jigging snowman.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 吉格舞; 吉格舞曲; 玩笑，诡计; [矿]筛选机
vi. 跳吉格舞，演奏吉格舞曲; 急动，蹦蹦跳跳; 用鱼钩钓
vt. 上下晃动; 用夹具辅助加工（一物件）; 淘汰选矿，筛选
时态：jigged, jigging, jigs
分布：带锤子的钓钩(20%)，捷格舞(18%)，乱跳(13%)，跳捷格舞(13%)，选筛(9%)，上下晃动(9%)，用夹具辅助加工(9%)，用钩钓鱼(9%)
→可能来自中古法语giguer,扭动，跳舞，词源同gig.
noun countable
DANCE 舞蹈
■an energetic traditional dance of Great Britain and Ireland, or the music that is played for such a dance 捷格舞；捷格舞曲
[dʒɪg] noun countable
TOOL 工具 specialized
■a piece of equipment for holding a tool or piece of wood, etc. firmly in position while you work with it 夹具
[dʒɪg] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep] (-gg-)
■to move quickly up and down or from side to side, or to make someone or something do this （使）上下（或左右）急动；使蹦跳：
• Stop jigging about , Billy, and just stand still for a moment! 别蹦来跳去的，比利，安静地站一会儿！
vi. 跳吉格舞；抖动；加工用钩钓鱼；用夹具或钻模等加工
 - dirl
n. [机] 夹具；吉格舞，吉格舞曲；带锤子的钓钩
 - holding device, clamping fixture

Word: hepatitis
Front: hepatitis
[ˌhepəˈtaɪtɪs] (宝 11269/7460 -1)
Back: n. 肝炎
分布：肝炎(100%)
→来自希腊语hepar,肝，-itis,炎症。
【记】hepato-表示“肝”之义，itis炎症－肝炎；参：hepatic（adj 肝的）读：害怕太太死，因为得了肝炎所以不要过分亲热。
US [-tˌɪs] noun uncountable
■a serious disease of the liver. There are three main types of hepatitis: hepatitis A, B and C. 肝炎（主要包括 A 型、B 型和 C 型三种类型）

Word: ecologist
Front: ecologist
[iˈkɒlədʒɪst] (托宝 11275/16806)
Vocabulary: ecologist
(once / 21608 pages)
n
An ecologist is a scientist who studies how animals and plants interact with their environment. If you spend hours watching television shows about animals, maybe you’ve got an ecologist inside you trying to get out.
To be an ecologist, first you have to learn about ecology — the study of organisms and how they relate to their environment. Ecology is a word that comes from the Greek oikos, meaning “house.” Basically, ecologists study the environment like it’s a big house, and all the living creatures in it are roommates. Sounds like a lot of work, and it is.
WORD FAMILY
ecologist: ecologists+/ ecological: ecologically/ ecology: ecologic, ecological, ecologies, ecologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They drain the resin that otherwise defends the tree,” said Matt Ayres, a Dartmouth College ecologist who worked on the Ecological Applications study.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"Wow," adds Larry Stevens, an evolutionary ecologist at the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
I work largely with environmental scientists: ecologists, hydrologists, fisheries researchers and others documenting the escalating challenges that face our planet.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 生态学者
分布：生态学家(100%)
US [-'kɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a person who studies the natural relationships between the air, land, water, animals, plants, etc. 生态学家

Word: swirl
Front: swirl
[swɜ:l] (雅宝 6166/10024 -1)
Vocabulary: swirl
(once / 1181 pages)
vn
To swirl is to turn in circles or spirals, the way a leaf caught in a whirlpool swirls, or a toy duck swirls in the bathtub as you empty the water out.
Smoke might swirl up from your campfire, keeping the mosquitos that swirl through the air nearby from biting you. Or you can swirl on a carnival ride that spins you in circles until you step back onto the ground and the world swirls for a while, until you regain your balance. Swirl is a noun, too, as in a swirl of dust. It was originally Scottish for "whirlpool."
WORD FAMILY
swirl: swirled, swirling, swirls
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is famous for its buzzing, swirling, incomprehensible traffic.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Her pale hands stretch forward from swirls of black cloth.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Questions continued to swirl about the death of the pop music icon George Michael.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 旋转，打旋; 眩晕; 盘绕; 大口喝酒
vt. 使成漩涡; 使眼花; 打转; 弯曲盘旋
n. （水，风等的）旋转，漩涡; <美>弯曲; 涡状形; 卷状的东西
时态：swirled, swirling, swirls
分布：漩涡(64%)，涡状形(15%)，盘旋(13%)，眩晕(8%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sw-,弯，转，摇摆，摇晃，比较 swing,sway,sweep,swipe.引申诸相关词义。
【记】s，wirl转；参：whirl（n /v 旋转）
US [swɝ:l] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) move quickly with a twisting circular movement （使）旋转，（使）打转，（使）转圈
• Swirl a little oil around the frying pan. 在煎锅边儿刷一点点油。
• The fog swirled thickly around us. 我们被浓雾重重包围。
n. 漩涡；打旋；涡状形
 - vortex, gulf
vi. 盘绕；打旋；眩晕；大口喝酒
 - swim

Word: gloss
Front: gloss
[glɒs] (雅宝 11217/9525 -1)
Vocabulary: gloss
(once / 1934 pages)
1nv 2vn
A gloss is a shiny finish on an object. It’s also an explanation about a word or phrase. Right now, you’re reading a gloss on the word gloss.
Gloss has a number of meanings, so it’s a good idea to read our gloss on this word. Gloss can refer to the shine or polish on a smooth surface. A gloss can also be a definition or explanation. A book may have glosses that explain what unusual or technical terms mean. Sometimes gloss has a negative sense: if you leave out important information when discussing something, you could be accused of glossing over those details.
WORD FAMILY
gloss: glossed, glosses, glossing, semigloss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or are they putting a lovely gloss on some of Trump’s unsavory rhetoric and actions?
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Amid this flood of leaks, we did learn a few new details, in addition to the CIA’s new gloss on existing intelligence.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Stash those muted eye shadows and barely there lip glosses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 光彩，光泽，光滑; 注释，注解; 假象
vt. 发光，给…加光泽; 注释，注解; 掩饰（错误）
时态：glossed, glossing, glosses
分布：光泽(60%)，掩盖(13%)，注释(11%)，光彩(5%)，注解(5%)，虚饰(4%)，作注释(2%)
→1.光泽，词源同glass, glow.
【记】源于glow（vi 发光；发热），ss－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解源于glass（n 玻璃）－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解
【区】gross（adj 总的n 总额）；engross（vt 使全神贯注；独占）
US [glɑ:s] noun
APPEARANCE 外表
[S or U]
■a smooth shiny appearance on the surface of something, or paint or a similar substance which produces this appearance 光亮，光泽；亮光漆；用以产生光泽的物质
• Marble can be polished to a high gloss. 大理石可以被磨得非常光滑。
• This varnish provides a long-lasting and hard-wearing gloss finish. 用这种清漆做亮光漆可以使表面光亮、持久、耐磨。
• lip gloss 唇彩
• We'll need a litre of gloss (paint)to cover the woodwork. 我们得用一公升亮光漆来涂一下木建部分。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
EXPLANATION 解释
countable
■an explanation for a word or phrase 注释；评注
• Difficult expressions are explained in the glosses at the bottom of the page. 难以理解的词组在页脚都有注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
put a gloss on sth
■to emphasize the good parts of something that has been done, especially those which are to your advantage, and to avoid the bad parts （尤指出于私心而）突出…的好处，夸饰…好的一面，粉饰
• Politics is all about putting a good gloss on unpleasant or difficult situations. 政治无非就是用粉饰太平的手段来掩饰令人不快或困难的局面。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
take the gloss off sth
■to make an event or occasion less special and enjoyable 煞…的风景；使黯然失色；使逊色
• The bad weather really took the gloss off our trip to the zoo. 糟糕的天气着实破坏了我们去动物园玩的兴致。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
■to provide an explanation for a word or phrase 给…加注释（或注解）
• In the school edition of the book, the older and more rare words have been glossed. 这本书的教学用版本对一些较古老和较生僻的词作了注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  gloss over sth
■to avoid considering something, such as an embarrassing mistake, to make it seem not important, and to quickly continue talking about something else 搪塞；掩盖
• She glossed over the company's fall in profits. 她掩饰了公司利润下降的问题。
• The film was well researched, but it glossed over the important issues. 这部电影搜集了大量真实的资料，但是它却避开了一些重要的问题。
n. 光彩；注释；假象
 - notes, splendor
vt. 使光彩；掩盖；注释
 - cover up, screen from

Word: insistent
Front: insistent
[ɪnˈsɪstənt] (六 11246/9630 -1)
Vocabulary: insistent
(once / 720 pages)
adj
Insistent means "unwilling to let go or back down." If a salesperson is insistent, you may find it hard to walk away without buying something.
Insistent shares a root with the verb insist: the Latin word insistere, which means "persist, dwell upon, stand upon." If you are insistent, you won't take "no" for an answer, dwelling on your ideas, standing up for your position. Insistent can also mean "demanding attention," like the insistent ringing of the telephone at a busy office or the insistent cries of a hungry baby.
WORD FAMILY
insist: insisted, insistent, insisting, insists
USAGE EXAMPLES
And I’m insistent that we need to then bring in the evidence after accelerated approval.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Instead, the sponsors tried to strike a balance, being insistent on issues like health and education but easing off in other areas.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
It’s simply experience accumulated pleasurably, tempered with a recognition that complexities and wisdom differ from insistent opinions.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚持的; 引人注意的; 显眼的; 紧急的
分布：坚持的(78%)，迫切的(22%)
坚持的(insist坚持)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
adjective
■firmly saying that something must be true or done 坚持的；坚决要求的
• insistent demands/appeals/signals 一再的要求／一再的呼吁／持续的讯号
• The teacher is insistent that the school is not to blame for the situation. 这位老师坚持说学校不应对这种情况承担责任。
adj. 坚持的；迫切的；显著的；引人注目的；紧急的
 - consistent, obvious, prominent, urgent, attractive

Word: disturbed
Front: disturbed
[dɪˈstɜ:bd] (11262/8566 -2)
Back: adj. 被扰乱的; 心理失常的; 为心理失常者服务的
v. 干扰(disturb的过去分词)
分布：不安的(56%)，动词disturb的过去式和过去分词.(22%)，有心理疾病的(22%)
US [-'stɝ:bd] adjective
■not thinking or behaving normally because of mental or emotional problems 有精神障碍的，精神不正常的，精神受刺激的
• a centre for emotionally/mentally disturbed teenagers 情感／精神障碍少年康复中心
adj. [气象] 扰乱的；为心理失常者而设的
 - unsettling
v. 干扰（disturb的过去分词）
 - tampered

Word: economical
Front: economical
[ˌi:kəˈnɒmɪkl] (研四六托雅宝 11250/8485 -1)
Vocabulary: economical
(once / 1207 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone who is economical avoids wasting things, like money or food. So if someone sees you wrapping up a bite of food that could be part of tomorrow's lunch, don't let him call you "cheap." Tell him you are economical.
The adjective economical often describes someone who is frugal with money, but the word can apply to those who avoid wasting resources of any kind. An economical speaker, for example, avoids wasting words and doesn’t talk any more than is absolutely necessary. Someone who is economical with his time gets things done efficiently, just as an economical dishwasher uses the precise amount of water and electricity.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
economic / economical
Economic is all about how money works, but something economical is a good deal. You might take an economic studiesclass to understand the ebb and flow of cash in the world, but if you buy a used textbook for it, you're being economical.
Economic appeared in the late 1500s, referring to household management, but its sense of relating to a country's wealth first appeared in the 1800s. It's still related to economics (the study of the transfer of wealth) or economy (a country's wealth), but not thrifty (that's the other one). Here are some economic examples:
The Fed said economic conditions will likely warrant "exceptionally low" interest rates through at least mid-2013. (Business Week)
Some slowing is expected in 2012 because of global economic woes. (New York Times)
The word economical also showed up in the 1500s, referring to household management, but it refers to being thrifty or not wasteful, which is still the definition today:
Not long after The New York Times profiled an inventive and economical restaurant experiment taking place in Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn, the experiment ended. (New York Times)
Electric lights are economical, clean, and give more light than gas. (Rose Buhlig)
If you want an adjective related to the economy, economic is your word. If you want a word to describe something that saves money, like buying used textbooks, use economical.
WORD FAMILY
economical: uneconomical +/ economic: economically, microeconomic, uneconomic/economise: economised, economiser, economises, economising/economiser: economisers/ economist: economists/ economize: economized, economizer, economizes, economizing/economizer: economizers/ economy: economic, economical, economies, economise, economist, economize /uneconomic: uneconomically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“George was pretty economical in the way he shot the films originally,” Mr. Knoll said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Wouldn’t coal plants be more economical if regulations were loosened?
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
‘There is just not much demand for that small economical car.’
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 节约的; 经济的; 合算的
分布：经济的(84%)，节俭的(10%)，合算的(6%)
a.节约的,经济的Which method of making the metal helmet is more economical in total?生产这种金属头盔的方法哪一种总体上更节约?
【反】redundant（adj 多余的）
【参】economize（v 节约；有效地利用）；economy（n 经济；节约）
US [-'nɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not using a lot of fuel, money, etc 经济的；省钱的；节约的
• There's increasing demand for cars which are more economical on fuel. 对低油耗汽车的需求与日俱增。
• What's the most economical way of heating this building? 给这栋大楼供应暖气，怎样做才是最经济的方法？
UK [ˌi:.kə'nɒm.ɪ.kəl/ UK [ek.ə-] US [-'nɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
economical with the truth humorous
■avoiding stating the true facts about a situation, or lying about it 隐瞒真相；撒谎；不完全说出真相
UK [ˌi:.kə'nɒm.ɪ.kəl/ UK [ek.ə-] US [-'nɑ:.mɪ-] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  economical or economic? Warning: choose the right adjective! To refer to the economy of a country or region, don't say 'economical', say economic :
✗ Unemployment causes a lot of economical problems. Unemployment causes a lot of economic problems.
financial, econmic, economy, economical
这组词都有“经济的”的意思，其区别是：
financial: 指“财务的，金钱的，财政的，财力的”。
econmic: 指与political“政治的”相对而言的“经济的”。
economy: 在名词前作形容词用，相当于economical，表“节约的”或“经济实惠的”。
economical: 指与“节约”同义的“经济”，含“节约，不浪费”之意。
economical, thrify
economical: adj充分利用而无浪费
thrify: adj花费上节俭；
economical, thrifty
这组词都有“节约的”的意思，其区别是：
economical: 指正当使用财物，强调节省，避免浪费。
thrifty: 侧重节缩开支，积蓄收入。
economical, economic
economical: 节约的，节俭的。如：He is economical of money and time.
economic: 经济(学)的。如：the economic doctrines of Ricardo(李嘉图的经济学说)
adj. 经济的；节约的；合算的
 - managing, paying, saving

Word: diet
Front: diet
[ˈdaɪət] (高研四六托雅 2139/1964 -K4)
Vocabulary: diet
(once / 288 pages)
1nv 2n
Diet means the usual food and drink consumed by a person or animal. A healthy diet for your pet is not the same as your diet, so you shouldn't feed your dog all your table scraps.
If you limit the number of calories you eat in order to lose weight, or restrict certain foods for your health, you can also call this a diet. If you want to lose 10 pounds by summer, you might have to go on a diet. In certain countries, the word diet, though pronounced the same, has a non-food related meaning: the diet is the legislative branch of the government in countries like Japan.
WORD FAMILY
diet: dietary, dieted, dieter, dietetic, dietetical, dietician, dieting, dietitian, diets+/dietary: dietaries/dieter: dieters/dietetic: dietetically/ dietician: dieticians/dietitian: dietitians
USAGE EXAMPLES
The same men also donated pads after wearing them on a garlic-free diet.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Their diet mainly consists of bread, rice and tea.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After our conversation, Mom put me on a diet.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 日常饮食; 规定饮食
vt. & vi. （使）节制饮食
vi. 节食; 进规定饮食
时态：dieted, dieting, diets
分布：节食(85%)，规定饮食(10%)，喂食(3%)，照规定饮食(1%)，日常食物(1%)
→来自拉丁语dieta, 一日的工作，饮食，作息。
n.饮食,食物The lying liar lied to the dying diet maker that the tie was dyed blue.躺着的说谎者对临死的食疗制作者谎称带子染成了兰色.
noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group （日常）饮食
• Diet varies between different countries in the world. 世界各国的饮食各不相同。
• a healthy/balanced/varied diet 健康／均衡／多样化的饮食
• Rice is the staple diet (= most important food) of many people in China. 在中国大米是很多人的主食。
• The children seem to exist on a diet of burgers and chips. 孩子们好像离不开汉堡包和炸薯条。
 IMPROVER countable
■when someone eats less food, or only particular types of food, because they want to become thinner or for medical reasons 节食，限制饮食
• I'm going on a diet next week and hope to lose two kilos before Christmas. 下周我要节食，希望在圣诞节之前能减掉两公斤。
• a crash/strict/calorie-controlled diet 突击／严格／控制热量的节食
• The doctor put me on a low-salt diet to reduce my blood pressure. 为了降低血压，医生规定我要低盐饮食。
only singular
■a particular type of thing that you experience or do regularly, or a limited range of activities 程式，套路；有限的几种活动
• He was brought up on a diet of political propaganda from birth. 他一出生就开始接受老一套的政治宣传。
• The TV only offers a diet of comedies and old movies every evening. 每天晚上电视播放的都是有限的几部喜剧片和老电影。
['daɪ.ət] adjective [before noun]
■describes food or drink that contains much less sugar or fat than the usual type, and is often sweetened artificially （食物或饮品）健康的，低脂的，低糖的
• diet cola 健怡可乐
['daɪ.ət] verb intransitive
■to limit the food and/or drink which you take, especially in order to lose weight （尤指为减肥而）节食，控制饮食
• You should be able to reduce your weight by careful dieting. 透过小心控制饮食你应该可以减轻体重。
provisions, diet, food
这组词都有“食物”的意思，其区别是：
provisions: 指即时应用或储藏备用的食物或粮食。
diet: 指规定的或惯常的食物，尤指维持健康的定量或定质食物，也指疗养时规定的食物。
food: 普通常用词，泛指一切能充饥和补充人或动物身体消耗的食物。
n. [食品] 饮食；食物； [医] 规定饮食
 - eating, food and drink

Word: imaginable
Front: imaginable
[ɪˈmædʒɪnəbl] (11264/14008 -1)
Vocabulary: imaginable
(once / 1042 pages)
adj
If something is imaginable, it's something you can think of or conceive. Often, this means the same as "possible."
If something is imaginable, then it's possible to conceive it or grasp it with your mind. Since the mind is powerful, a lot of things are imaginable. This word is often used in exaggerations or to make something seem impressive. People will say things like, "That was the worst day imaginable," which means it would be impossible to think of a worse day. If you can think of something, it's imaginable.
WORD FAMILY
imaginable: imaginably, unimaginable+/ imagination: imaginations/ imaginative: imaginatively, imaginativeness, unimaginative/ imagine: imaginable, imagination, imaginative, imagined, imagining/unimaginable: unimaginably/unimaginative: unimaginatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It requires superb creativity and impeccable timing—and carries the potential to fail in the most embarrassing ways imaginable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Or that strangers on social media would spend the rest of the day bombarding him with the vilest insults imaginable.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
For generations, slaves were excluded from the promise that “all men are created equal” in the most brutal manner imaginable.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 可想像的; 可能的
分布：可想像的(80%)，可想到的(20%)
可想象的(imagine+able)[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
adjective
■possible to think of 可想像的，想像得到的
• The school offers courses in every subject imaginable. 任何一种能想到的课程，这所学校均有开设。
• ice cream of every imaginable flavour 可以想像到的任何一种口味的霜淇淋
imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
这些词都是与想象有关的形容词。
imaginable: 可以想象得到的。如：This is the only solution imaginable.(这是惟一想得出的解决办法。)
imaginary: 假想的，虚构的。如：an imaginary character in a story(故事里的虚构人物)
imaginative: 富于想象力力的。如：an imaginative artist(想像力丰定的艺术家)
adj. 可能的；可想像的
 - feasible, possible, potential, conceivable

Word: covenant
Front: covenant
[ˈkʌvənənt] (宝 11267/4657 -1)
Vocabulary: covenant
(once / 413 pages)
nv
A covenant is an agreement between two people, or companies, or even countries. It is formal, solemn, sometimes even sacred.
There are some places where you'll hear covenant get used. It's a little old fashioned and formal, but marriage is often referred to as a covenant. The most famous covenant appears in The Bible — God tells a shepherd named Abraham to follow God's instructions in exchange for making Abraham's descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky.
WORD FAMILY
covenant: covenanted, covenanting, covenants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Alien: Covenant A new planet and new dangers for Ridley Scott’s space franchise.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
For commercial loans, the OCC found looser standards in pricing, guarantor requirements, and loan covenants.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 协议，协定; 盖印合同; [法律]契约条款; [宗教]誓约
vi. 立约，立誓; 订立盟约; 订立契约
vt. 立约承诺; 缔结盟约; 订协定
时态：covenanted, covenanting, covenants
分布：契约(49%)，盟约(48%)，立书保证(3%)
→co-, 强调。-ven, 来，词源同venue,convene(开会)。即召集开会后形成的协议，条约。
协议,契约(co共同+ven+ant→共同走来→协议)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
【源】在《圣经》中原指上帝对人类的承诺
【记】co共同，ven来，ant蚂蚁－一堆蚂蚁来到一起立契约coven＝cave，ant：一堆蚂蚁在山洞里，立契约（互不侵犯）
noun countable
■a formal agreement between two or more people; a promise 盟约；契约；协定；承诺
• The contract contained a restrictive covenant against building on the land. 该合同包含严格限制在该地块建筑施工的承诺条款。
UK specialized
■a formal agreement to pay a fixed sum of money regularly, especially to a charity （尤指定期向慈善机构捐款的）合同，约定
n. 契约，盟约；圣约；盖印合同
 - compact, agreement.

Word: gush
Front: gush
[gʌʃ] (托雅宝 11252/15176 -1)
Vocabulary: gush
(once / 793 pages)
vn
On hot summer days, city kids will sometimes open a fire hydrant and let the water gush into the street. Things that gush come streaming out.
Water can gush out of a hose or a drinking fountain, and you can also call the jet of water itself a gush. A more figurative way to gush is to talk enthusiastically about something — you might gush when you're describing your favorite teacher. Gush comes from the twelfth century English word gosshien, originally "make noises in the stomach," and later "pour out." Gush is an onomatopoeic word — it sounds like what it means.
WORD FAMILY
gush: gushed, gusher, gushes, gushing, gushy+/gusher: gushers/gushing: gushingly/gushy: gushier, gushiest, gushily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sensors, which were installed in the 1990s, monitor fast-moving gushes of mud and debris, or lahars.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Jones gushes when he explains to Ronson how he first heard that Trump was aware of him and appreciated his work.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s happier than he’s been for many years,” a “source” gushed.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 喷涌; 迸出
n. 涌出; 迸发
时态：gushed, gushing, gushes
分布：涌出(53%)，滔滔不绝地说(28%)，迸出(19%)
→来自gheu, 涌出，倾泻，词源同foundry, gut, gust.
【记】拼：故事－需要滔滔不绝的讲回忆：盖世太保gash（n 砍得很深的伤口）
【参】gusher（n 喷油井；说话滔滔不绝的人）
verb
FLOW 流
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to flow or send out quickly and in large amounts 喷出；涌出；冒出
• Oil gushed (out) from the hole in the tanker. 石油从油轮的那个漏洞中喷涌而出。
• Blood was gushing from his nose. 他的鼻子流血不止。
• Her arm gushed blood where the knife had gone in. 她肩膀上被刀扎伤的地方鲜血直冒。
[gʌʃ] verb
EXPRESS 表达
intransitive or transitive
■to express a positive feeling, especially praise, in such a strong way that it does not sound sincere 夸张地表达，感情充沛地说，装腔作势地说（尤指赞扬的话）
• [+ speech] "You're just so talented!" she gushed. “你可真是个人才！”她夸张地说。
[gʌʃ] noun only singular
FLOW 流
■a large amount of liquid or gas that flows quickly 喷；喷涌；喷出
• Showers with pumps are more expensive, but they deliver a really powerful gush of water. 带有水泵的淋浴间要贵得多，但是喷水量很大。
[gʌʃ] noun only singular
EXPRESSION 表达
■a sudden strong and positive feeling, or an expression of positive feeling, usually so strong it does not sound sincere 夸张地表达，感情充沛地说，装腔作势地说
v. 涌出；迸出
 - spring forth
n. 涌出；迸发
 - outrush, well up

Word: wildflower

Word: flipping
Front: flipping
[ˈflɪpɪŋ] (11242/17222)
Back: adj. 讨厌之极的
v. 轻弹( flip的现在分词 ); 按（开关）; 快速翻转; 急挥
分布：讨厌的(34%)，讨厌地(33%)，动词flip的现在分词形式.(33%)
adjective adverb UK slang
■used to emphasize what is being said, or to express anger （用于强调正说的话或表示厌烦）真讨厌；该死
• It's a flipping nuisance! 真他妈麻烦！
• You'll do as you're flipping well told! 怎么跟你说的你就怎么做！
adj. 非常的；糟透的
 - intense, exceeded
adv. 非常；该死地
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too

Word: infinity
Front: infinity
[ɪnˈfɪnəti] (六宝 11224/11713 -1)
Vocabulary: infinity
(once / 1860 pages)
n
Infinity is forever. You might hope that your relationship with your high school boyfriend will last into infinity, but, realistically, you know that's not likely to happen.
You've probably come across infinity in mathematics — a number, like pi, for instance, that goes on and on, symbolized as ∞. Astronomers talk about the infinity of the universe, and religions describe God as infinity. A more earthbound example is an infinity pool — a swimming pool designed to trick the eye and look like it doesn't have an edge, so the water goes on forever. You may know the Latin phrase ad infinitum, which means "and on and on."
WORD FAMILY
infinity: infinities+/ finite: finitely, finiteness, infinite, non-finite/ infinite: infinitely, infiniteness, infinites, infinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
He walks with purpose through the living room, toward a patio with an infinity pool.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
On the grounds, a 70-foot-long infinity pool overlooks the city, and there is an outdoor pizza oven and fireplace nearby.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Rather than bashing through the so-called fourth wall of theater to aggressively occupy the same space that viewers do, “Still-Life” opens onto infinity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 无限; 无穷; 无穷远; 无穷大
分布：无限(54%)，无穷(46%)
→来自infinite,无限的。
【反】bounded space（有限空间）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
uncountable
■time or space that has no end （时空的）无限
• the infinity of the universe 宇宙的无限
• the concept of infinity “无限”这个概念
uncountable
■a point which is so far away that it cannot be reached 无限远的点，无穷远
• figurative The mountain range stretched away into infinity. 山脉延绵不绝。
uncountable
■a number that is larger than all other numbers 无穷大
only singular
■an extremely large number of something 无数
• an infinity of stars in the galaxy 星系中的点点繁星
n. [数] 无穷；无限大；无限距
 - boundlessness, without end

Word: full-scale
Front: full-scale
[ˈfʊlˈskeɪl] (-1)
Back: adj. 全面的; 彻底的; 极大限度的; 照原物尺寸的
分布：全面的(100%)
adjective
FULL SIZE 全尺寸的
■describes a model of the same size as the original thing （模型）与原物大小一致的；原尺寸的
• full-scale models of dinosaurs 原大的恐龙模型
[ˌfʊl'skeɪl] adjective
COMPLETE 完全的
[before noun]
■complete or using all available methods, equipment, money, etc 全面的；用尽所有办法的；倾其所有的
• a full-scale investigation 全面的调查
• a full-scale attack 全面进攻
adj. 全面的；完全的；照原尺寸的
 - complete, absolute, total, integrate

Word: dichotomy
Front: dichotomy
[daɪˈkɒtəmi] (11272/12811)
Vocabulary: dichotomy
(once / 22259 pages)
n
A dichotomy is an idea or classification split in two. When you point out a dichotomy, you draw a clear distinction between two things.
A dichotomy is a contrast between two things. When there are two ideas, especially two opposed ideas — like war and peace, or love and hate — you have a dichotomy. You often hear about a "false dichotomy," which occurs when a situation is unfairly represented as an "either/or" scenario. For example, the statement "All cars are either small and efficient or large and polluting" creates a false dichotomy because there are some cars that don't fit into either category.
WORD FAMILY
dichotomy: dichotomies, dichotomise, dichotomize, dichotomous +/dichotomise: dichotomisation/dichotomize: dichotomization, dichotomized, dichotomizes, dichotomizing/ dichotomous: dichotomously
USAGE EXAMPLES
These scenes from my 2016 illustrated journal show this dichotomy between past and future.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But, he added: "Populism is based on a dichotomy, on a differentiation between the people and the elite."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
But weighing my other two favorite live shows of 2016 brings that dichotomy into focus.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 一分成二，对分
分布：二分法(62%)，两分(28%)，分裂(10%)
→dicho-, 二，来自di-的希腊语形式。-tomy, 砍，切，词源同atom, anatomy. 即切成两半的。
【记】dicho2，tom切－切成两部分－二分；
US [-'kɑ:.tˌə-] formal
noun countable usually singular
■a difference between two completely opposite ideas or things
• There is often a dichotomy between what politicians say and what they do. 政治家的言行之间常有天壤之别。
n. [生物] 二分法；两分；分裂； [植] 双歧分枝
 - disruption, fragmentation

Word: nibble
Front: nibble
[ˈnɪbl] (托雅宝 11244/12156 -1)
Vocabulary: nibble
(once / 1772 pages)
vn
To nibble is to eat in tiny bites. If you nibble your chocolate chip cookie while your sister gobbles hers quickly, yours will last much longer.
Your pet rabbit probably nibbles on the carrots you give him, and he might even nibble, or bite very softly, on your fingers. Any one of these gentle or small bites can be called a nibble. The word probably stems from the Low German nibbeln, "to gnaw."
WORD FAMILY
nibble: nibbled, nibbler, nibbles, nibbling+/nibbler: nibblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If some of the nibbles and starters sound familiar, they taste fresh in the hands of chef Trabocchi.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Over the next several years, rivals nibbled away at Avaya’s sales.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
High-end bars are ergonomically designed for a thumb to snap off a guilt-free nibble at a time, wrapped in elegant foil and cardboard.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 啃，一点一点地咬（吃）
vt. 啃出（洞），一点一点咬出（洞）
vi. 慢慢减少; 小口咬; （对提议、建议等）显出略有兴趣的样子; 表示对…稍感兴趣
n. 轻咬; 显出有兴趣; 很少量食物
时态：nibbled, nibbling, nibbles
分布：轻咬(64%)，吹毛求疵(24%)，一点点地咬(6%)，少量(6%)
→来自nib,鸟嘴，喙，引申词义小口咬。
【记】nib（n 钢笔尖）作为词根是“小”的意思，ble一小咬ni你，bb宝宝，le乐：你的宝宝乐了，是因为小口的咬奶嘴。
【区】nipple（n 乳头；奶嘴）
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to eat something by taking a lot of small bites 啃，小口咬
• Have you got some peanuts for us to nibble while the party warms up? 你有花生让我们边吃边活跃聚会的气氛吗？
• A mouse has nibbled through the computer cables. 老鼠啃断了电脑的电缆线。
• Jenny's hamster's nibbled a hole in the sofa. 珍妮的仓鼠把沙发咬了个洞。
transitive
■to bite something gently and repeatedly 反覆轻咬
• She nibbled his ear. 她轻轻地咬着他的耳朵。
['nɪb.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  nibble (away) at sth
■to slowly reduce something 逐渐消耗，蚕食
• Even when inflation is low, it nibbles away at people's savings, reducing their value considerably over several years. 即使通货膨胀率不高，它也在慢慢消耗人们的储蓄，在几年间使其大大贬值。
['nɪb.l] noun
countable
■when you nibble something 啃，小口咬
• Just take / have a nibble to see if you like the taste. 就咬一小口看看你是否喜欢这味道。
nibbles [plural] UK informal
■small pieces of food that are eaten between or before meals, often with alcoholic drinks 在两餐之间或餐前搭配酒精饮料吃的点心，小吃
• I bought some crisps and nuts and other nibbles. 我买了些薯片、坚果仁和其他小吃。
only singular
■an expression of interest in something 有兴趣的表示
• Our house was on the market for six months and there wasn't a single nibble. 我们的房屋已经公开出售六个月，但无人问津。
vi. 细咬；一点一点地咬；吹毛求疵
 - find quarrel in a straw, cavil about
vt. 细咬；一点一点地咬；吹毛求疵
 - find quarrel in a straw, cavil about

Word: further
Front: further
[ˈfɜ:ðə(r)] (研四六托雅 11239/696 -K5)
Vocabulary: further
(once / 33 pages)
1advadj 2adv 3v
If you ask your parents for money, they might say they need to think about it further and then ask you lots of questions. Further refers to figurative distance, like a thought you need more time on.
Further often gets confused with farther, but it's better to use further to mean an abstract distance, when two things are moving apart in terms of ideals, agreement, or thoughts, and farther when you're talking about physical distance. There's also a verb form of further that means "to promote the growth or progress of," which you might use in a sentence like, "These new gigs should help her further her career as a rock musician."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
farther / further
Use the word farther when you mean physical distance, like if you run farther than your friend. Use further for basically everything else. Further refers to abstractions like ideas or thoughts.
Farther is more restrictive because it refers to physical distance. It’s got the word "far" in there to help you remember. Here are some examples:
"In fact, on every measure, those who run farther, faster or more frequently recorded a lower death rate than non-runners." (New York Times)
"The pilots traveled farther and longer in a gas balloon than anyone in history." (Washington Times)
Furthermore, further refers to figurative distance. It’s not the kind you measure with a ruler but like when you think further about something. It’s the older word of the two, and often does double duty. Here are some examples:
"But the agency sought to go further, by exploring the reasons for those deficiencies." (New York Times)
"The app takes the Tinder model one step further by actually optimizing possible matches according to consumption preferences." (Time)
Some people use think farther and further are the same, but nothing could be further from the truth! (See what we did there?) Okay actually some say they are the same. Historically, they were interchangeable, but like friends growing further apart, they now each have their own meaning. Farther is used literally, and further is used figuratively.
WORD FAMILY
further: furtherance, furthered, furtherer, furtherest, furthering, furthermost, furthers+/ far: farly, farness, fars, farther, further / farther: fartherest, farthermost, farthers/furtherance: furtherances
USAGE EXAMPLES
No further league-wide vote of the owners is required since they already voted last January to award that option to the Chargers.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
And that adaptation leads to further adaptation, and it becomes a race.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
A further four people were arrested in separate operations, the BBC reports.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 更远的，较远的; 更进一步的，深一层的; 更多的
adv. 进一步地; 更远地; 而且
vt. 促进，推动; 增进
时态：furthered, furthering, furthers
分布：更远的(29%)，促进(23%)，推动(23%)，进一步地(16%)，此外(9%)
→用做far的比较级。
ad./a.更远,更往前;进一步v.促进,增进I'll give you ten dollars, but I cannot go any further.给你十美元,但是我无法再多给了
US ['fɝ:.ðɚ] adverb
 IMPROVER
■comparative of far (DISTANCE) ; to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level （far 的比较级）更远地，在更大程度上；进一步地
• I'm afraid I never got further than the first five pages of 'Ulysses'. 恐怕我看《尤利西斯》从未超过开头的五页，之后就看不下去了。
• We discussed the problem but we didn't get much further in actually solving it. 我们讨论了这个问题，但在实际解决方面没有取得多大进展。
• The whole matter is further complicated by the fact that Amanda and Jo refuse to speak to each other. 阿曼达和乔彼此拒绝说话，使得整个事件更加复杂了。
• Every day she sinks further and further into depression. 她一天天地消沉下去。
go further/take sth further
■If you go or take something further, you take it to a more advanced stage 促进；推进
• Before we go any further with the project I think we should check that there's enough money to fund it. 在我们推进这个计划之前，我觉得我们应该查证一下是否有足够的资金来支援它。
• If you wish to take the matter further, you can file charges against him. 如果你想采取进一步行动的话，可以对他提出指控。
UK ['fɜ:.ðər] US ['fɝ:.ðɚ] adverb
Nothing could have been further from my mind / thoughts.
■used to say that you certainly did not intend something 我当然不这样想；我根本就没有这样打算
• I certainly wasn't trying to get money off him - nothing could have been further from my mind! 我当然不是要从他身上弄钱——我根本就没有那样打算过。
UK ['fɜ:.ðər] US ['fɝ:.ðɚ] adjective
 IMPROVER
■at a greater distance 更远的
• It was much further to the town centre than I remembered. 去市中心的路比我印象中要长得多。
• Fourteen miles is further than you'd think once you start to run it. 一旦开始跑，14哩的路程会比你想像的要长。
• Is that her at the further (= other) end of the room? 房间另一头的那个人是她吗？
UK ['fɜ:.ðər] US ['fɝ:.ðɚ] adjective adverb
■more or extra 更多；另外
• Have you anything further to add? 你还有甚么要补充的吗？
• If you have any further problems do let me know. 如果你还有甚么问题，请一定让我知道。
• It cost me £50 a day and a further £60 for insurance. 花费为一天50英镑，再加上60英镑的保险费。
• This shop will be closed until further notice. 本店即将关闭，何时开业另行通知。
• We need to talk further about this. 我们需要就这一点进一步谈谈。
further to mainly UK formal
■used in business letters to state the subject that you are referring to or which conversation or letter you are answering （用于商业信函中）参照，关于
• Further to your letter of March 11th, I should like to inform you of a number of recent developments regarding the Saffron Hill site. 关于你3月11日的来信，我们想通知你关于藏红花山工地最近的一些进展情况。
UK ['fɜ:.ðər] US ['fɝ:.ðɚ] verb transitive
■to develop or make progres in something 改进；推进；增进
• He has probably done more to further the cause of interracial harmony than any other person. 在推进种族和谐方面他可能比其他人做的都要多。
• Additional training is probably the best way to further your career these days. 如今额外的训练可能是推进你事业发展的最佳途径。
further, farther
这组词都有“更远(地)，进一步(地)”的意思，其区别是：
further: 也是far的比较级(作为副词，有人认为是fore或forth的比较级)，按传统的观点，further表抽象的程度或数量的更进一步，不表实际距离。但现代英语，尤其在非正式语体中，这两个词的意思实际上已没有区别，而且further用得更广泛一些。
farther: 是far的比较级，指距离、空间或时间上的较远；有时也可指数量上或抽象的程度上的进一步，但不如further普通。
further, promote, contribute, push, advance
这组词都有“促进，推进”的意思，其区别是：
further: 中性词，既可指对好事的促进、推进，又可指对坏事的助长。
promote: 指在某一进程的任何时期或阶段提供积极的帮助与支持。
contribute: 指能促进事物向前发展的因素，但这种因素并非决定性的。
push: 口语用词，通常指利用自己的活动或影响推进某事。
advance: 通常指为加速某一进程或达到某个预期目的而给予有效的促进，强调作出有意识、决定性的努力。
adv. 进一步地；而且；更远地
 - moreover, besides, also
adj. 更远的；深一层的
 - farther
vt. 促进，助长；增进
 - facilitate, promote, boost, improve

Word: boycott
Front: boycott
[ˈbɔɪkɒt] (高研六托雅宝 8514/9191 -2)
Vocabulary: boycott
(once / 1483 pages)
nv
To boycott means to stop buying or using the goods or services of a certain company or country as a protest; the noun boycott is the protest itself.
This noun comes from the name of Charles C. Boycott, an English land agent in 19th century Ireland who refused to reduce rents for his tenant farmers. As a result, the local residents did not want to have any dealings with him. Boycotts are an effective way to use your spending dollars to affect change.
WORD FAMILY
boycott: boycotted, boycotting, boycotts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indra Nooyi, said that company employees were “crying” after Trump’s victory, conservatives called for a boycott.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Martin Luther King, Jr., recounted an experience of it in the early days of the bus boycott in Montgomery, in 1956.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But they were already too popular for other promoters to boycott.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 联合抵制; 抵制（货物等）; 拒绝参加
n. 联合抵制; 联合拒绝购买; 拒绝参加
时态：boycotted, boycotting, boycotts
分布：拒绝参加(100%)
→来自19世纪爱尔兰土地代理Charles Boycott的名字。因在1880年这一庄稼欠收年，拒绝答应佃农降租的请求而激起众怒，并遭到所有人的联合抵制，以致于有钱甚至买不到面包，几近于饿死。
n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与They're boycotting the supermarket.他们联合抵制那家超市.
【源】源于查理斯?C?博伊考特。他是爱尔兰的房地产经纪人，占有爱尔兰大部分土地。1880年，博伊考特被选为一项政策的试点，此项政策是由一个爱尔兰政治家─查理斯?帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了─没有仆人，工人，得不到商店服务，甚至没人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词。
【记】来自人名"Boycott"，1897英国驻爱尔兰官员，因拒绝降低房租（地租）而被爱尔兰人抵制及驱逐（ostracize）
【反】patronize（v 资助）
US [-kɑ:t] verb transitive
■to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval 拒绝购买（或参加）；抵制，杯葛
• People were urged to boycott the country's products. 人们被鼓动起来杯葛那个国家的产品。
• The union called on its members to boycott the meeting. 工会号召其成员拒绝参加会议。

Word: high-rise
Front: high-rise
[haɪ raɪz] (雅 -1)
Back: adj. （建筑物）有多层的，高楼的; 超高层的
n. 高楼，大厦，多层建筑物
分布：高楼(34%)，大厦(22%)，高楼的(22%)，高手把的(11%)，高手把自行车(11%)
→high,高，rise,上升，增长。比喻用法。
ADJ
（建筑）高层的，高耸的
High-rise buildings are modern buildings which are very tall and have many levels or floors.
例：...high-rise apartment blocks.高层公寓楼
例：...high-rise office buildings.高层办公楼
n. 高楼；大厦
 - tower, block

Word: astonishment
Front: astonishment
[əˈstɒnɪʃmənt] (六 11297/7915 -1)
Vocabulary: astonishment
(once / 227 pages)
n
Astonishment is what you feel when you're extremely surprised. If a cat stood up and recited the Preamble to the Constitution, you’d stare in astonishment.
Astonishment is the feeling of being blown away and shocked by something. It’s the noun form of astonish, which is a verb meaning, basically “to have your mind blown.” A professional magician aims to create astonishment. A basketball player who hits every three-point shot might make fans feel astonishment. Many people feel astonishment when looking at something like the Grand Canyon. This is a strong word that shouldn't refer to minor surprises. True astonishment is rare.
WORD FAMILY
astonishment: astonishments+/ astonish: astonished, astonishes, astonishing, astonishment / astonished: astonishedly/ astonishing: astonishingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around in seeming astonishment at his family and friends and the bounty he’d provided, with such hopes, for a much larger audience.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
There were even several minutes of astonishment in store for a capacity crowd of mixed allegiance.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But five hours later, he looked at me in astonishment.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 惊讶，惊奇; 令人惊讶的事物或人
分布：惊讶(96%)，令人惊讶的事物(4%)
US [-'stɑ:.nɪʃ-] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■very great surprise 惊愕；惊讶
• To the astonishment of her colleagues, she resigned. 她竟然辞职了，这让她的同事们大吃一惊。
• She gasped in astonishment. 她吃惊得倒抽了一口气。
n. 惊讶；令人惊讶的事物
 - miration, stound

Word: convent
Front: convent
[ˈkɒnvənt] (11258/8106 -1)
Vocabulary: convent
(once / 328 pages)
n
A convent is a place where nuns live. Have you decided to dedicate the rest of your life to serving God? Well, then, maybe it’s time for you to consider moving into a convent.
Although convent usually refers to the actual building where nuns live together, it can also sometimes more generally refer to a Christian community that is living according to religious vows. Catholic monks live in communities together in monasteries, while Catholic nuns tend to live in convents.
WORD FAMILY
convent: convents, conventual+/conventual: conventually
USAGE EXAMPLES
New Year's Eve night is spent in prayer vigil, a practice common in many monasteries and convents.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Time was when the older nuns would retire and remain at the convent.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
An email to Queen's, reported by the Belfast Telegraph, said the advice was "like something that would be handed down in a convent".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 女修道院
分布：女修道院(92%)，女修院开办的学校(8%)
→con-, 强调。-ven, 走。走到一起修道的地方，在18世纪以前并没有性别限制。
女修道院(con大家+vent→大家来[修道]→[女]修道院)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
■a building in which nuns (= members of a female religious order) live 女修道院 Compare monastery
UK ['kɒn.vənt] US ['kɑ:n-] noun countable
enter a convent
■to become a nun 当修女
n. 女修道院
 - covent, nunnery

Word: dwarf
Front: dwarf
[dwɔ:f] (研六托雅宝 6855/6218 -2)
Vocabulary: dwarf
(once / 488 pages)
nv
An unusually short, small person is sometimes called a dwarf. There are many different genetic medical conditions that can cause a person to be classified as a little person or a dwarf.
Some people are offended by dwarf, preferring to be called "little people," "LP," or "people of short stature." The general condition that leads to delayed growth is called "dwarfism." The noun dwarf is also used for an unusually small animal or plant, or as a verb meaning "make something seem very small," as when a new apartment building dwarfs the surrounding houses. The Old English root dweorg referred to a tiny creature from German mythology.
WORD FAMILY
dwarf: dwarfed, dwarfing, dwarfish, dwarfism, dwarfs, dwarves+/dwarfish: dwarfishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps no subject better captures the spirit of Mr. Pettibon’s drawings than that of surfers dwarfed by towering waves.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Big Bash attendances dwarfed those in the Australia-West Indies Test series.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In this story, Moriarty formulates an elaborate jewel heist requiring — the ingenious fiend! — “six dwarfs, a bald man with a stoop, and an airship.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 侏儒，矮子; 矮小的动物（植物）; [天]矮星
vt. （使）显得矮小; 使（发育，智能等）受阻碍; 使相形见绌
vi. 变矮小
adj. 矮小的
时态：dwarfed, dwarfing, dwarfs
分布：侏儒(64%)，矮子(25%)，变小(6%)，使矮小(5%)
→可能来自dhwer, 伤害，欺骗。
n.矮子,侏儒,矮小的动植物vt.使...矮小The new building dwarfs all the other ones.那栋新建筑物使所有其他建筑物显得小了些.
【源】北欧神话中善于做金属小工艺品的矮神Dwarf（德奥夫）
US [dwɔ:rf] noun countable (plural dwarfs or dwarves)
■in stories for children, a creature like a little man with magical powers （儿童故事里有魔法的）小矮人
• Snow White and the Seven Dwarves 《白雪公主和七个小矮人》
■often offensive
■a person who is much smaller than the usual size 矮子，侏儒
UK [dwɔ:f] US [dwɔ:rf] adjective [before noun]
■very small 极小的，矮小的
• You can grow dwarf conifers in pots on the patio. 你可以在阳台上种些矮小的针叶树盆栽。
UK [dwɔ:f] US [dwɔ:rf] verb transitive
■If one thing dwarfs another, it makes it seem small by comparison 使…相形见绌；使…显得矮小
• The new skyscraper will dwarf all those near it. 新建的摩天大楼跟周围的建筑相比鹤立鸡群。
• This new crisis may well dwarf most that have gone before. 这场新的危机可能比以往的大多数危机都严重得多。
n. 侏儒， [内科] 矮子
 - homuncle, mannikin
adj. [生物] 矮小的
 - scrubby, runty

Word: ghostly
Front: ghostly
[ˈgəʊstli] (11245/12212 -1)
Vocabulary: ghostly
(once / 1089 pages)
adj
Something ghostly looks or sounds like a ghost — strange and chilling. A ghostly figure appearing out of the fog can seem slightly unearthly.
Distant, ghostly music sometimes echoes through an empty subway station, and ghostly voices can often be heard in stairwells or hallways, seeming to come from nowhere. Even your neighbor's glowing TV screen can appear ghostly on a dark night. The Old English root of ghostly is gastlic, which means "spiritual, holy, or not of the flesh," and also "supernatural."
WORD FAMILY
ghostly: ghostlier, ghostliest, ghostlily, ghostliness+/ ghost: ghosted, ghosting, ghostlike, ghostly, ghosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lou Reed’s detached, almost funereal litany of Factory drag queens in “Walk on the Wild Side,” its chorus fading into Bowie’s ghostly saxophone solo.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
By Monday, that same area felt ghostly, almost entirely unpeopled.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
A long, mostly empty cooler runs along one wall, a ghostly reminder of the supermarket that once occupied the address.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 鬼似的，幽灵似的; 可怕的
级别：ghostlier, ghostliest
分布：可怕的(51%)，幽灵的(25%)，鬼似的(13%)，灵魂的(11%)
US ['goʊst-] adjective
■pale and transparent 苍白的；幽灵般的
• a ghostly figure/apparition 鬼影／鬼魂
■not loud or clear 若有若无的；隐隐约约的；听不清的
• a ghostly voice/echo 阴森可怕的声音／回音
adj. 幽灵的；可怕的；影子似的
 - terrible, spectral, horrible

Word: stylist
Front: stylist
[ˈstaɪlɪst] (11247/16877 -1)
Back: n. 发型师; 文体家; 造型设计师
分布：设计师(60%)，造型师(28%)，文体家(12%)
→style,风格，文体，文风，-ist,人。
noun countable
■a person whose job is to shape or design something 设计师；造型师
• the latest exciting new car designed by our team of stylists 我们设计团队所设计的令人为之一振的最新款轿车
• I've been going to the same (hair) stylist for years. 多年来我一直请同一个发型师设计发型。
■a writer who is very careful in the way they style their work 注重语言风格的作家；文体家
• She's no stylist, but she writes very exciting stories. 她并不特别注重行文风格，不过她的故事写得非常精彩。
n. 设计师；文体学家
 - designer

Word: corpus
Front: corpus
[ˈkɔ:pəs] (宝 10962/7420 -1)
Vocabulary: corpus
(once / 1598 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A corpus is a collection of writings. If you tend to never throw anything away, you might have your entire school corpus, from your first scribbled words to your high school English essays.
The written works of an author, or from one specific time period, can be called a corpus if they're gathered together into a collection or talked about as a group. You could discuss the corpus of Dr. Seuss, for example. Corpus sounds a little like corpse, and that's no coincidence; corpus means "body" in Latin, and though it's come to mean specifically "body of work," the two words are closely related.
WORD FAMILY
corpus: corpora, corpuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At the end of the day, this is a huge corpus of data that will used by historians.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Partition Resolution, which called for Jerusalem to be a “corpus separatum under a special international regime . . . administered by the United Nations.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Corpus Christi, Texas, calls itself the “sparkling city by the sea”.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 全集，文集; 资金，本金; [计]语料库; 器官
分布：文集(84%)，资料(16%)
→来自词根corp，身体，见corporeal. 此成为一体的，汇编成集的。
【记】corp躯体，us我们－我们的身体就是各个器官的全集corp＝copy，us我们：把我们copy一万份装订起来－《G友大全》
【参】corpse（n 人的尸体）corp身体，se死
US ['kɔ:r-] (plural corpuses or corpora)
noun countable
■the collection of a single writer's work or of writing about a particular subject, or a large amount of written and sometimes spoken material collected to show the state of a language 文集，全集；语料库
n. [计] 语料库；文集；本金
 - collected works

Word: mini

Word: expulsion
Front: expulsion
[ɪkˈspʌlʃn] (雅宝 11268/10166 -2)
Vocabulary: expulsion
(once / 1422 pages)
n
Don't ever make a joke about a bomb on an airplane, if you don't want to risk expulsion. Expulsion is being kicked out of something, like a club, a school, or an airplane.
If a Girl Scout ate all the cookies she'd already sold, she might face expulsion from her Girl Scout troop, and an unruly high school student who threatens to hit a teacher risks expulsion from school. Historically, many religious and minority groups faced expulsion from countries where their beliefs weren't tolerated. In fact, the Latin root word of expulsion is expellere, "to drive out."
WORD FAMILY
expulsion: expulsions+/ expel: expelled, expelling, expels, expulsion
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Obama ordered the expulsion in response to alleged hacking of the US Democratic Party and Clinton campaign during the 2016 presidential election.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
On Thursday, Obama ordered the expulsion of 35 Russian diplomatic personnel and the closure of estates in Maryland and New York used by embassy staff.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
On Long Island, meanwhile, the expulsions were being treated largely as a passing dispute.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 驱逐; 开除; 排出; 喷出
分布：驱逐(63%)，开除(29%)，排气(8%)
→来自expel, 驱逐。
驱逐(ex出+puls+ion→推出去→驱逐)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】expulse（v 逐出；开除）；源于：expel（v 驱逐；开除；排出）pel＝pul＝pull推
noun countable or uncountable
MAKE LEAVE 驱逐
■(the act of) forcing someone, or being forced, to leave a school, organisation or country 驱逐，赶走；开除
• They threatened him with expulsion from school. 他们威胁要把他从学校开除。
• This is the second expulsion of a club member this year. 这是今年俱乐部第二次开除成员了。
[ɪk'spʌl.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
AIR/LIQUID 空气或液体
■(the act of) forcing air or liquid out of something 呼出；排出；喷出
n. 驱逐；开除
 - ouster, exclusion

Word: undocumented
Front: undocumented
[ˌʌn'dɒkjʊmentɪd] (11308/38209)
Back: adj. 无正式文件的，无事实证明的
分布：无正式文件的(60%)，无事实证明的(40%)

Word: esteem
Front: esteem
[ɪˈsti:m] (研托雅 11271/9623 -2)
Vocabulary: esteem
(once / 215 pages)
1nv 2v
Esteem is all about respect and admiration. If you have high self-esteem, it means you like yourself. When you say, "My esteemed colleagues," you are saying you have nothing but the highest respect for them.
Esteem derives from the same Latin word that gives us estimate, and back in the day, esteem, like estimate meant "to assess, or judge the value of something." That sense lingers today. When you say you hold someone in high esteem, it means you give them a high value. Unless you're a politician, in which case, when you say, "I hold my opponent in high esteem," you are most likely to follow that statement with a big "But...."
WORD FAMILY
esteem: disesteem, esteemed, esteeming, esteems, self-esteem +/disesteem: disesteemed, disesteeming, disesteems
USAGE EXAMPLES
Americans seem to be obsessed with overworking ourselves in an effort to gain social esteem.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
And that means recognising that the grievances are about social esteem, not just wages and jobs.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Esteemed birds are just ones that everybody likes.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 尊敬，敬重; 认为，以为; 考虑; 估价
n. 尊敬，尊重; 意见，看法; 评价; 名声
时态：esteemed, esteeming, esteems
分布：尊敬(69%)，认为(31%)
→来自拉丁语aestimare, 估计，评估，判定价值，来自aes, 铜，词源同ore, -tim, 砍，切，词源同anatomy. 原指铸造铜币，估计并判定币值，该词义见estimate.同时，引申义尊重，尊敬，即值得一看的，值得考虑的。
(尊敬)[estim=value(价值)]
n.尊敬,尊重vt.尊重,敬重;把...看作He is esteemed for his courage.他因有勇气而受人尊敬.
【反】stigma（n 耻辱）－mark of esteem（尊敬的标志）；odium（n 憎恶；厌恶）；abominate（vt 痛恨；憎恶）
noun uncountable formal
■respect for or a good opinion of someone 尊敬，敬重；好评
• There has been a drop in public esteem for teachers. 大众对教师的尊重程度有所下降。
• Because of their achievements they were held in (= given) (high) esteem. 他们的成就使他们备受尊重。
[ɪ'sti:m] verb transitive not continuous
■to respect someone or have a good opinion of them 尊重；敬重
• Her work is highly esteemed by all her colleagues. 她所有的同事对她的工作都十分推崇。
• [+ obj + noun/adj] old-fashioned I would esteem (= consider) it a favour if you would accompany me. 你要是能陪我，我会感激不尽。
admiration, honour, esteem, regard, respect
这组词都有“尊敬、尊重、敬意”的意思，其区别是：
admiration: 指除表示尊敬外，还常伴随有一种真挚的倾慕之情。
honour: 指对长辈或有地位、有名望、有功劳的人公开表示极大敬意或软佩。
esteem: 除表示尊敬之外，还暗示由此可而产生的称赞。
regard: 最正式用词，中性，与respect和honour近义。
respect: 指对年长、地位较高的人的尊敬，对他人成就、行为或见解等经过仔细评估后而表示尊重，暗示在上述人面前表现谦恭和有礼貌。
honour, esteem, regard, admire, respect
这组词都有“尊重、钦佩”的意思，其区别是：
honour: 侧重指对某人或某物表示极大的敬意。
esteem: 除表示尊敬之外，还暗示由此而产生的称赞。
regard: 最正式用词，中性，含义不很明确，一般需用修饰语加强或明确其意。
admire: 侧重指对某人或某物的仰慕、钦佩，并含欣赏爱慕之情。
respect: 指对人的行为、品德、才华或成就等的仰慕尊重。尤指对年长或地位高的人的尊敬。
vt. 尊敬；认为；考虑；估价
 - assess, honor, expect, evaluate, guess
n. 尊重；尊敬
 - estimation, respect, regard, worship

Word: tinker
Front: tinker
[ˈtɪŋkə(r)] (宝 11283/14058 -1)
Back: n. 〈英〉小炉匠，补锅匠，修补匠，补锅，修补; 拙劣的工人，粗劣的修补; 〈美〉杂活工人，打杂工 4。吉卜赛人，流浪工人，流浪者; <美>小鲭鱼
vi. 做焊锅匠; 焊补; 胡乱修补; 笨手笨脚地做某事
vt. 粗修; 修补; （尤指不起作用地）修修补补; 小修理
时态：tinkered, tinkering, tinkers
分布：修补(52%)，修补匠(22%)，改进(9%)，调整(7%)，焊锅(4%)，做焊锅匠(4%)，笨拙地修补(2%)
→可能来自拟声词，-er,人。比喻用法。
【记】tin（n 锡；易拉罐），ker：修理易拉罐的人－笨拙的修理
US [-kɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make small changes to something, especially in an attempt to repair or improve it 修补；改进；摆弄
• He spends every weekend tinkering (about) with his car. 他每个周末都在摆弄他的汽车。
• I wish the government would stop tinkering with the health service. 我希望政府不要再在公共医疗卫生服务上折腾了。
Compare fiddle
UK ['tɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
TRAVELLER 旅行者
countable
■especially in the past, a person who travelled from place to place, repairing pans or other metal containers （尤指过去游走四方的）补锅匠
UK ['tɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
CHILD 孩子
countable UK old-fashioned informal
■a child who behaves badly 小淘气
• [as form of address] You tinker, Nicky, you shouldn't have done that. 尼基，你这个小淘气，你不该那么做。
• Don't be such a tinker. 别这么淘气。
UK ['tɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
CHANGES 改变
only singular UK
■when you make small changes to something （对…作的）修补，改进
• I'll just have a tinker with the television and see if I can get it to work. 我就摆弄一下电视，看能不能修好。
UK ['tɪŋ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
not give a tinker's cuss UK and Australian English (US not give a tinker's damn) old-fashioned informal
■to not be interested in or worried about something or someone 毫不在乎
• I couldn't give a tinker's damn about what they think. 我根本不在乎他们怎么想。
vi. 做焊锅匠；焊补；笨手笨脚地做事
 - weld up, burn on
vt. 修补；粗修
 - piece up, patch up

Word: wink
Front: wink
[wɪŋk] (研六宝 7901/10631 -1)
Back: vt. 使眼色; 递眼色（表示友好或高兴等）; （指光）闪烁; 闪亮
n. 眨眼; 一眨眼间; 闪烁
vi. 眨眼; 使眼色; 闪烁
时态：winked, winking, winks
分布：眨眼(57%)，闪烁(17%)，使眼色(15%)，瞬间(11%)
→来自weng,弯，转，摇晃，词源同wince,winch。引申词义点头，眨眼，合眼，示意，现主要用于词义眨眼。
v.(使)眨眼;眨眼示意n.眨眼;小睡,打盹He winked away [back] his tears.他眨眼除去 [抑制] 眼泪.
verb intransitive
■to close one eye for a short time as a way of greeting someone or showing friendliness, sexual interest, etc., or of showing that you are not serious about something you have said 眨眼示意；使眼色
• She winked at me as he turned his back. 他转过身去的时候，她向我眨了眨眼。
• For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he winked at me. 有一阵我以为他是认真的，但是没多久他就向我眨了眨眼，暗示我他在开玩笑。
■When lights wink, they keep flashing on and off quickly （灯光）闪烁，明灭
• Reflected in the water, the lights winked at us from the other side of the lake. 湖对岸的灯光映在水中，向我们一闪一闪的。
• The light was winking on the answering machine. 录音电话上的指示灯一闪一闪的。
[wɪŋk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  wink at sth
■to pretend not to notice something bad that is happening because it is more convenient for you （对坏事情）睁一只眼闭一只眼，装作没看见
[wɪŋk] noun countable
■when you wink at someone 眨眼（示意）；眼色
• He gave me a conspiratorial wink as they left the room. 他们离开房间的时候，他向我诡秘地眨了眨眼。
[wɪŋk] noun countable
not sleep a wink (also not get a wink of sleep)
■to not sleep at all 根本没合眼
• I didn't sleep a wink last night with all that noise. 昨晚噪声那么大，我根本就没睡着。
vi. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁
 - nictate, coruscate
n. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁；瞬间
 - moment, breath, second, instant
vt. 眨眼
 - blink

Word: contextual
Front: contextual
[kənˈtekstʃuəl] (11295/10846)
Vocabulary: contextual
(once / 96880 pages)
adj
Something contextual relies on its context or setting to make sense. If you touch someone and shout "You're it!" in a game of tag, people get it, but if you're in the grocery store tapping strangers on the shoulder and yelling at them, it's less contextual.
You can use the adjective contextual to describe what something means as it relates to a place, or meaning in a written text. If someone asks you what contextual reason you have for choosing an answer after reading a chapter, for example, you'll have an opinion in the context of what you read — it is contextual because it came out of the text. Activities are contextual too: riding a skateboard in a dance studio is not contextual, but doing ballet there would be.
WORD FAMILY
contextual: contextualism, contextually+/ context: contexts, contextual
USAGE EXAMPLES
A proper understanding of each side’s response demands more focus on a contextual translation, rather than a literal one, from the media.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
This doesn’t mean simply helping countries copy the approaches of high-achieving peers, while neglecting contextual or cultural factors that contribute to their success.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Start by right-clicking on the desktop and choosing Personalize from the contextual menu.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 文脉上的，前后关系的
分布：上下文的(89%)，与语境有关的(11%)
adjective formal or specialized
■related to the context of something 上下文的；与语境相关的
• It's impossible to understand the nuances of an isolated word without some contextual clues. 没有上下文提示不可能弄清单个单词意义上的细微差别。

Word: quartet
Front: quartet
[kwɔ:ˈtet] (宝 11286/8027 -2)
Vocabulary: quartet
(once / 1794 pages)
n
A quartet is a musical group with four members. If you play the viola, you might form a string quartet with two violinists and a cellist.
You can use the noun quartet to describe your four-person singing group, and you can also use it to talk about the piece of music you're performing, if it's written specifically for four voices or instruments. The word quartet comes from the Italian quarto, or "fourth," which in turn has it roots in the Latin quartus, also meaning "fourth."
WORD FAMILY
quartet: quartets
USAGE EXAMPLES
The senior running back led a quartet of Falcons players who eclipsed 600 yards rushing this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A detailed analysis of the sketches for that enormous quartet, for example, show Beethoven changing his mind five times about the structure of the work.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Rose Theatre Kingston holds the world premiere of My Brilliant Friend, a two-part version of "mystery author" Elena Ferrante's Neapolitan quartet of novels.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 四重唱（奏）曲; 四重唱（奏）组; 四件一套
分布：四重奏(100%)
→quart-,四，-et,小词后缀。引申词义四重奏。
US [kwɔ:r-] noun
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of four people who play musical instruments or sing as a group 四重奏乐团；四重唱组合
• A string quartet was playing Mozart. 一个弦乐四重奏乐团正在演奏莫劄特的乐曲。
UK [kwɔ:'tet] US [kwɔ:r-] noun
countable
■a piece of music written for four people 四重奏（曲）；四重唱（曲）
• He has composed 14 quartets and 11 symphonies. 他谱写了14首四重奏和11首交响乐。

Word: barricade
Front: barricade
[ˌbærɪˈkeɪd] (托雅宝 11273/14615 -2)
Vocabulary: barricade
(once / 1071 pages)
nv
A barricade is anything that prevents people or vehicles from getting through. Construction workers often barricade a street to block traffic.
You know how barriers block things from getting through? A barricade is similar. Soldiers create barricades to keep enemy troops out. Police officers put up barricades around a crime scene. If an electrical wire becomes loose and dangerous, a barricade around the area will keep people from getting hurt. This can also be a verb, like when parents barricade part of their house to keep toddlers from getting into trouble. Barricading is a physical way of saying "Keep out!"
WORD FAMILY
barricade: barricaded, barricades, barricading
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pasadena police plan to use parked patrol cars and heavy, water-filled barricades at more than 50 intersections along the parade’s route.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Sanchez said the barricade plan already was in place before the Berlin attack earlier this month.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Turkish army were bombing the city, and there were many attacks on the trenches and barricades, especially at night.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 路障，障碍物; 防御，阻碍
vt. 设路障于，以障碍物阻塞; 封锁，阻挡
时态：barricaded, barricading, barricades
分布：街垒(77%)，障碍物(7%)，封锁(6%)，栅栏(6%)，阻拦(2%)，设路障挡住(2%)
→词源同barrel, 桶。该词来自于巴黎1588年的一次Huguenot 暴动，大量的桶装满泥土，沙石等堆放在马路中间，堵塞主干道。而具体创造出该方法之人已不可考。
障碍物(barr+ic+ade表名词)[barr=stick表示,"捧,栏"]
栅栏(barr栅栏+ic+adc)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】bar（vt 阻挡；n 木棒），所以barric是阻止的词根－路障
【反】permit passage（允许通过）
noun countable
■a line or pile of objects put together, especially quickly, to stop people from going where they want to go （尤指迅速设置的）障碍物，路障
• Inmates erected a barricade between themselves and prison officers. 囚犯们设置了路障，把狱警和他们隔开。
['bær.ɪ.keɪd] [--'-] verb transitive
■to build a barricade across, around or in front of something 于某物的对面、周围或前面设路障
• Barricade the doors! 堵住门！
• [R + adv/prep] Terrified villagers have barricaded them selves into their houses. 惊恐不安的村民们把自己关在家里不出来。
n. 街垒；路障；争论之处
 - road-block
vt. 设路障；阻碍
 - slow, impede

Word: build
Front: build
[bɪld] (中高 408/415 -K5)
Vocabulary: build
(once / 28 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v
To build is to construct or make something. When you build a house, you start at the very bottom, with the foundation, and work your way up.
You build a birdhouse using scraps of wood, a hammer, and nails, or you can build a career as a poet by writing daily and submitting poems to literary magazines. In both examples, you're constructing something yourself using materials and hard work. Another meaning is to make stronger: "I have to build my endurance if I'm going to finish that marathon." The Old English root of build, byldan, specifically means "build a house," from bold, "house."
WORD FAMILY
build: builder, building, builds, rebuild +/builder: builders/ building: buildings/ rebuild: rebuilding, rebuilds, rebuilt/rebuilding: rebuildings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-food chain’s plan to open a restaurant in a Vatican-owned building was met with derision when it was announced in October.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fassel said that building “chemistry” throughout the organization would be his top goal, along with establishing an identity.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s at least a building block leading into Tuesday’s rematch in San Jose.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 建造，构筑; 建立; 开发; 为…建立基础
vi. 建造，营造; 扩大，扩展; 发展，达到
n. 体格，构造; 〈俚〉优美的体型，肉体美
时态：built, building, builds
分布：建造(67%)，开发(12%)，体格(10%)，创建(5%)，身材(5%)，逐渐增强(1%)
→来自PIE *bheue, 存在，生长，居住。词源同booth, bothy.
vt.建造,建筑;建设,建立vi.增大,增强In the building, the wild child hurt his mild chin on the china.在大楼里,那个粗野的孩子在瓷器上弄伤了温柔的下巴.
verb (built, built)
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to make something by putting bricks or other materials together 建造，修建
• They're building new houses by the river. 他们正在河边建新房子。
• The birds built their nest in the small fir tree. 鸟儿们在小冷杉树上筑巢。
• These old houses are built (= made) of stone. 这些老房子是用石头砌的。
• Contractors have started building on waste land near the town. 承包商开始在离城镇不远的废弃土地上建房。
transitive
■to create and develop something over a long period of time 建立；发展；开辟
• We want to build a better future for our children. 我们想为孩子创造更美好的未来。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
build bridges
■to improve relationships between people who are very different or do not like each other 改善或加强不同（或敌对）人士或组群间的关系
• A local charity is working to build bridges between different ethnic groups in the area. 一家地方慈善机构正努力在这个地区不同的族群间架设友谊的桥梁。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
Rome wasn't built in a day. saying
■said to emphasize that you can not expect to do important things in a short period of time 罗马不是一天建成的；伟业非一日之功
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] build around sth
■to base something on an idea or principle 以…为基础
• The independence movement sought to unify the country with a national identity built around a common language. 独立运动谋求以建立在共同语言基础上的民族认同感来统一国家。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Phrasal Verbs  build sth in/into sth
■to include something as part of a plan, system or agreement （使）包括；使成为（计划、系统或协议的）组成部分
• When drawing up a contract it is vital to build in safety measures. 草拟合同时，将安全措施包括在内很重要。
• figurative Inequalities are often built into (= cannot be separated from) society. 社会中往往会存在不平等现象。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Phrasal Verbs  build on sth
■to use a success or achievement as a base from which to achieve more success 基于，依赖，以…为基础
• We must build on our reputation to expand the business. 我们必须依靠信誉来扩展业务。
• A good relationship is built on trust. 良好的关系建立在信任的基础上。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] build (sb/sth) up
■to increase or become larger or stronger, or to cause someone or something to do this 增强，加强；增大
• Tension is building up between the two communities. 两个社区之间的关系日趋紧张。
• They gave him soup to build up his strength /build him up. 他们给他喝汤以增强体质。
• It took her ten years to build up her publishing business. 她花了十年时间将她的出版事业发展壮大。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] build sth/sb up
■to praise something or someone in a way which will influence people's opinions 赞扬；吹捧
• For weeks the media has been building up the national basketball team. 媒体几周来一直在吹捧国家篮球队。
[bɪld] verb (built, built)
  Common Learner Errors  build up or build? To talk about making something by putting bricks or other materials together, don't say 'build up', say build :
✗ The new supermarket will be built up next to the park. The new supermarket will be built next to the park.
[bɪld] noun countable or uncountable
■the size and shape of a person's body 身材，体形
• She was of slim build with short, dark hair. 她身材苗条，一头黑色的短发。
put up, set up, build, found
put up: 临时搭建, put up a tent,
set up: 建成(内部的设施基本齐全), set up a school
build: 一般用语,建成,
found: 国家或组织的建成
erect, establish, set up, construct, build, found
这组词都有“建设，建立，建造”的意思，其区别是：
erect: 侧重指对高而垂直物的建造。使用不如build广泛。
establish: 着重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立。
set up: 作“建立”用时，侧重于“开始”。可指具体或抽象的建立。
construct: 较正式用词，强调根据一定计划进行的规模较大，结构较复杂，要求较高技术的建造。
build: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指一切具体或抽象的建造或建立。
found: 侧重打下基础或创办，具体或抽象事物均可用。
vt. 建立；建筑
 - establish, found, constitute
vi. 建筑；建造
 - engineer, put up
n. 构造；体形；体格
 - formation, constructing, fabric, structure, figure

Word: taint
Front: taint
[teɪnt] (托 11293/14529 -1)
Vocabulary: taint
(once / 798 pages)
vn
Taint means to contaminate. If your water supply is tainted with arsenic, you should stop drinking it right away.
Tainted and "tinted" are similarly spelled words with dissimilar meanings–-"tint" is what happens when you add color to something––if you tint white with red, you get pink. On the other hand, if you taint something, you are somehow spoiling or corrupting it. If you taint meat with the salmonella virus, you have a disaster and a public panic.
WORD FAMILY
taint: tainted, tainting, taints+/ tainted: untainted / untainted: untaintedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hardly touched it, believing it to be tainted, stained.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Prosecutors say the center used expired ingredients and failed to follow cleanliness standards, resulting in tainted steroid injections.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In response to these concerns, Tesla denied that the sources of its battery materials are tainted by abuses.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 污点，污名; <废〉气味; 传染，腐败
vt. 使变质; 使污染; 败坏; 玷污
vi. 被污染; 败坏; 腐坏
时态：tainted, tainting, taints
分布：污染(34%)，污点(31%)，感染(21%)，中毒(7%)，耻辱(7%)
→来自古法语 teint,颜色，色泽，来自拉丁语 tinctus,染色，来自 tingere,使染色，浸染，词源同 tincture,tinge.引申诸相关词义。拼写比较 point,puncture.
【记】源于：stain（n /v 玷污，染色）
【反】integrity（n 正直；诚实）
verb transitive
■to spoil something, especially food or blood, by adding a harmful substance, or to spoil people's opinion of someone （透过添加有害物质而）污染，使腐败，玷污，败坏
• His reputation was permanently tainted by the financial scandal. 那宗财务丑闻令他遗臭万年。
vt. 污染；腐蚀；使感染
 - eat, poison, pollute
n. 污点；感染
 - infection, affection

Word: truthful
Front: truthful
[ˈtru:θfl] (11289/13837 -1)
Back: adj. 说实话的，真实的; 诚实的，老实的
分布：真实的(66%)，诚实的(34%)
【记】truth（n 事实；真理），ful：真实的
adjective
■honest and not containing or telling any lies 诚实的；讲真话的；真实的，如实的
• The public has a right to expect truthful answers from politicians. 公众有权期望从政客那里得到真实答覆。
• Are you being quite truthful with me? 你跟我讲的是真话吗？
adj. 真实的；诚实的
 - actual, honest, sincere, true, genuine

Word: homelessness
Front: homelessness
['həʊmləsnəs] (11319/12136)
Back: 无家可归
分布：无家可归(100%)
ADJ
无家可归的
Homeless people have nowhere to live.
例：...the growing number of homeless families...越来越多的居无定所家庭
例：Hundreds were made homeless.数百人落得无家可归。

Word: concerted
Front: concerted
[kənˈsɜ:tɪd] (托雅 11285/11111 -1)
Vocabulary: concerted
(once / 1890 pages)
adj
If you and your friends launch into singing “Old MacDonald” loudly together, in the middle of the public library, you will all have made a concerted, or cooperative, effort to annoy lots of people.
Concerted is often used to describe a group effort to achieve a particular goal. As you may have guessed, concerted comes from the word concert. While a concert can be defined as "a group of musicians playing cooperatively," concert can also designate other types of cooperative behavior. If a group of people do anything together — from singing an annoying song to throwing library books at agreed-upon targets — they are acting in concert, or in a concerted manner.
WORD FAMILY
concerted: concertedly, preconcerted+/ concert: concerted, concerting, concertise, concertize, concerts/concertize: concertized, concertizing/preconcerted: preconcertedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Administration officials said Friday that the latest “removal” figures reflect a concerted policy shift to target convicted criminals over others.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There was, however, concerted resistance to the plans even from normally supportive states, which pared it back to 3%.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Clinton allies are already “bending the storyline in their favor through a concerted media offensive” to undermine President-elect Donald Trump says U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 协调的; 协定的; 协商好的; [乐]合拍调的
分布：一致的(81%)，协定的(11%)，商议好的(5%)，动词concert的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
→来自concert, 音乐会，协奏曲，即一起唱歌的，词义引申为一致的，齐心协力的。
【记】源于concert：音乐会是需要很多演奏家配合的。
【反】individually devised（单独设计的）
US [-'sɝ:.tˌɪd] adjective [usually before noun]
■planned or done together for a shared purpose 一致的；协商好的；共同筹划的
• The richer countries of the world should take concerted action to help the poorer countries. 世界上较富有的国家应该共同采取行动来帮助较贫困的国家。
• The D-Day invasion was a concerted exercise by the armed forces of Britain, the US and Canada. 诺曼地登陆行动是英国、美国和加拿大军队的一次联合行动。
■describes an effort or attempt that is determined and serious 协同一致的；齐心协力的；全力以赴的
• There has been a concerted campaign against the proposals. 人们一致行动反对这些提议。
• He's making a concerted effort to improve his appearance. 他在竭尽全力改善自己的形象。
adj. 协调的；协定的；商议定的
 - harmonious, coordinated

Word: trample
Front: trample
[ˈtræmpl] (六托雅宝 11298/11327 -1)
Vocabulary: trample
(once / 531 pages)
vn
To trample is to forcefully walk right over something or someone. If you fall down during a footrace, another runner might trample you.
When you trample, you're stomping or stamping: it's the opposite of walking on tippy toes. A dog might trample a flower garden while chasing a ball, and an angry child might deliberately trample her sister's sandcastle, flattening it with her feet. The verb trample comes from tramp, "walk heavily or stamp," which is rooted in the Middle Low German word trampen, "to tramp, stamp, or press upon."
WORD FAMILY
trample: trampled, trampler, tramples, trampling+/trampler: tramplers/trampling: tramplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the 1828 US presidential transition, Andrew Jackson’s wife died, his steamboat was mobbed, and partygoers trampled mud in the White House.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The “s” struggling to hang on at the end of “Happy Holidays” fell, exhausted, and was trampled beneath thousands of tiny, pawing, prancing reindeer hooves.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Dovish opposition legislators said such a move would trample on the right to free expression, while acknowledging the poster was in bad taste.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 践踏; 蹂躏; 无视，蔑视; 侵犯，伤害
vi. 践踏，重重地踩; 脚步沉重地走
n. 践踏; 践踏声
时态：trampled, trampling, tramples
分布：践踏(81%)，踩踏(17%)，轻视(2%)
→tramp,踩，踏，-le,表反复或强调。
【记】tramp（v 重步行走；践踏），le：践踏；蹂躏。Tramp读：踹屁，用脚踹你的屁股－践踏你，蹂躏你
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + prep]
STEP HEAVILY ON 踩
■to step heavily on something or someone, causing damage or injury 踩，践踏
• Somebody trampled all over my flowerbeds in the night! 晚上有人把我的花坛全部踩坏了！
• Eight people were trampled to death (= killed) when the stadium collapsed and the crowd rushed out onto the football pitch. 体育场突然倒塌时，人群冲进足球场，其间八人被踩踏致死。
['træm.pl] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + prep]
TREAT WITHOUT RESPECT 无视
■to act without any respect for someone or something 侵犯，无视（尊严）
• She accused the government of trampling on the needs and rights of the ordinary citizen. 她谴责政府无视普通公民的需求和权利。
• He argues that the Congress and President Clinton trampled the constitutional rights of legal immigrants in the new welfare reform law. 他认为，国会和克林顿总统在新的福利改革法中侵犯了合法移民享有的宪法所赋予的权利。
vt. 践踏；蔑视，伤害
 - knife, ride down
vi. 践踏；蔑视，伤害；脚步沉重地走
 - ride down, wound
n. 蹂躏；践踏声
 - havoc

Word: dummy
Front: dummy
[ˈdʌmi] (宝 11288/9900 -1)
Vocabulary: dummy
(once / 2139 pages)
nadjv
Have you ever seen an entertainer make a doll look like it’s talking? The entertainer is using a dummy — a doll made to look like a person.
A dummy is a type of doll that looks like a person. Entertainers called ventriloquists can make dummies appear to talk. The automobile industry uses dummies in cars to study how safe cars are during a crash. A dummy can also be anything that looks real but doesn’t work: a fake. Actors in a play might use certain props that are dummies, such as a dummy laptop. Dummy is also an insult used to mean “an ignorant person.”
WORD FAMILY
dummy: dummied, dummies, dummying
USAGE EXAMPLES
College scout teams consist of scholarship players who are buried on the depth chart and walk-ons who volunteer to be tackling dummies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Riley exhibited the proper form: lowering his shoulder, wrapping his arms around the dummy, then wrestling it to the ground.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The answer is that this was a pop-culture proxy war against Clinton, a dummy run.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 仿制品; 沉默寡言的人; 笨蛋，蠢货; 挂名代表，傀儡
vt. 制作样本，制作样张; 不吭声，缄口; 〈美俚〉装聋作哑; 替别人占领土地
adj. 假的; 摆样子的，做样品的; 挂名的; 虚设的
时态：dummied, dummying, dummies
分布：假人(39%)，傀儡(14%)，假的(13%)，哑巴(13%)，仿制品(9%)，笨蛋(8%)，仿造的(3%)，保密(1%)
→来自dumb, 哑的。用于指仿制品。
noun countable
MODEL 模特
■a large model of a human, especially one used to show clothes in a shop （尤指商店里用来展示服装的）人体模型
• a shop dummy 商店用的人体模型
• a ventriloquist's dummy 口技表演者用的假人
['dʌm.i] noun countable
NOT REAL 不真的
■something that is not real and is used for practice or to deceive 仿制品；冒牌货，假货
• The device is not a real bomb but a dummy. 这颗炸弹不是真的，只是一个仿制品。
■(in some sports, especially football) when you pretend to hit the ball in a particular direction but do not, in order to deceive the other players （尤指足球等体育项目中的）假动作，假传球
['dʌm.i] noun countable
FOR BABY 婴儿用 UK (US pacifier)
■a smooth rubber or plastic object that is given to a baby to suck in order to comfort it and make it stop crying 橡皮奶嘴，橡皮奶头
['dʌm.i] noun countable
STUPID PERSON 蠢人 (US also dumbbell) informal
■a stupid or silly person 蠢人，傻瓜
• Only a dummy would ignore the safety warnings. 只有傻瓜才会对安全警告视而不见。
['dʌm.i] adjective [before noun]
■not real 假的，仿制的
• an enormous dummy perfume bottle in the shop window 商店橱窗里巨大的香水瓶模型
adj. 虚拟的；假的
 - virtual, spurious
n. 傀儡；哑巴；仿制品
 - fantoccini, figure-head

Word: composite
Front: composite
[ˈkɒmpəzɪt] (研六雅 6741/8078 -2)
Vocabulary: composite
(once / 1538 pages)
1adjn 2nadj
A composite is something made up of complicated and related parts. A composite photograph of your family might have your eyes, your sister’s nose, your dad’s mouth, and your mother’s chin.
Composite comes from the Latin for "putting together." It can be used as a noun or adjective. If you and five friends put together a map showing all the places each of you has ever lived, you’ve created a composite. You could also describe it as a composite map of your lives. Composite is also the name of a family of plants that have many little flowers wound so densely together that it just looks like one flower.
WORD FAMILY
composite: compositely, compositeness, composites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stocks closed slightly higher Tuesday, nudging the Nasdaq composite to a record high and edging the Dow Jones industrial average closer to 20,000.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The center serves about 150 customers, including companies such as Scaled Composites and Stratolaunch Systems.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Shanghai Composite index was unchanged at 3,287.25 and shares in New Zealand, Taiwan and Southeast Asia were mixed.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 混合成的，综合成的; [建]综合式的; [数]可分解的; [植]菊科的
n. 合成物，混合物，复合材料; [植]菊科植物
分布：复合材料(84%)，合成的(6%)，复合的(5%)，合成物(5%)
合成物(com一起+posite→放到一起→合成物)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
a.混合成的,综合成的n.合成物,复合材料English is a composite of many languages.英语是多种语言混合而成的.
US [kɑ:m-] noun countable
■something which is made of various different parts （由不同部分组成的）混合物，合成物，综合体
• The main character in her latest novel is a composite of several public figures of that era. 她那新小说中的主角是集那个时期几位公众人物形象于一身的综合形象。
• Scientists have put together a composite picture of what the Earth's crust is like. 科学家拼出了一幅地壳形状复合图。
■specialized
■a structural material made up of more than one substance 复合材料，混合材料
• The bodies of these racing cars are moulded from the same composite that is used for making aircraft fuselage. 这些赛车的车身所用的是一种与制造飞机机身相同的复合材料。
compound, blend, combination, mixture, composite
这组词都有“混合”的意思，其区别是：
compound: 特指两种或多种元素构成的化合物。
blend: 侧重混合成分之间的类似和整个混合物的统一性。
combination: 指相混元素的紧密结合，但不一定的是融合。
mixture: 普通用词，指不同类种、性质不同的事物的混合。
composite: 通常可与compound换用，但倾向于指人为的或偶然的结合或凑合。
n. 复合材料；合成物；菊科
 - synthetic, complex material
adj. [数] [植] 复合的；合成的；菊科的
 - synthetic, mulriple
vt. 使合成；使混合
 - babelize

Word: subversive
Front: subversive
[səbˈvɜ:sɪv] (托宝 11280/11635 -1)
Vocabulary: subversive
(once / 3667 pages)
adjn
You might want to call someone subversive if they are sneakily trying to undermine something, from the social structure of your high school to an entire system of government.
You can use subversive as a noun or an adjective without changing it one whit. Note the prefix sub meaning "underneath" with the remainder coming from the Latin vertere "to turn." Think about a subversive as a sneaky kind of revolutionary who tries to turn the system from underneath. Art or literature is considered subversive if it attempts to undermine the morals and traditions of a society.
WORD FAMILY
subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives+/ subversion: countersubversion, subversions/ subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or is it a sly, subversive critique of that very syndrome, rooted in an entirely plausible sense of its city’s diverse demographics?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A subversive chip would look identical to a normal one.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Trolls are trying to ignite the Internet with pictures of ovens or subversive signals sent to people with Jewish-sounding names.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 颠覆性的，破坏性的
n. 危险分子，颠覆分子
分布：颠覆性的(64%)，破坏性的(26%)，危险份子(6%)，破坏份子(4%)
→subvert,颠覆，-s,过去分词格，-ive,形容词后缀。
US [-'vɝ:-] formal
adjective
■trying to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system 破坏，动摇，颠覆（尤指已有的政治体系）
• subversive elements/groups in society 社会上的颠覆分子／集团
• subversive ideas/influences 煽动性想法／颠覆影响
adj. 破坏性的；从事颠覆的
 - ruinous

Word: bog
Front: bog
[bɒg] (宝 11278/8845 -2)
Vocabulary: bog
(once / 1032 pages)
1n 2v
You'd be pretty soggy by morning if you accidentally set your tent up in a bog. A bog is a swampy kind of ground made up mostly of decomposing plants and mosses.
Nothing can be built on a bog because the ground is so spongy and damp, and no crops can be grown there. The dried soil from a bog can, however, be dried and burned for fuel. A figurative bog is anything that you tend to get stuck in, like a bog of health problems. Things can also "bog you down", or slow you down literally or figuratively, like when your homework bogs you down so you can't enjoy the weekend.
WORD FAMILY
bog: bogged, bogging, boggy, bogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russia doesn't want to get bogged down in a long war and wants to hold Syria together and keep it as an ally.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“It’s refreshing to not be bogged down on the emotional side of it, just relax and play our game.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
And the resulting changes are certain to get bogged down in the courts for years.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽，泥塘; 沼泽地区; <英口>户外厕所
vt. （使）陷入泥沼
vi. 阻碍，使不能前进
时态：bogged, bogging, bogs
分布：沼泽(90%)，陷于困境(7%)，使 ... 陷于泥沼(3%)
→词源同bow, 弯。形容沼泽软泥般的容易陷进去。
【记】读：抱根。陷入沼泽后一定要找一个树根抱着dog救出bog里的主人
US [bɑ:g] noun
WET AREA 湿地
countable or uncountable
■soft, wet ground, or an area of this 泥塘；沼泽；沼泽地
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] noun
TOILET 厕所
countable UK slang
■a toilet 厕所
• I'm just going to nip to the bog. 我正要跑去上厕所。
• We've run out of bog paper / roll. 我们的厕纸用完了。
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  be/get bogged down
■to be/become so involved in something difficult or complicated that you cannot do anything else 陷于停滞状态
• Let's not get bogged down with individual complaints 我们不要被个别人的投诉束缚住手脚。
• UK Try not to get too bogged down in the details. 尽量不要被细节问题捆住手脚。
UK [bɒg] US [bɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  bog off UK slang
■to go away 走开；离开，离去
• Bog off and leave me alone. 走开，别管我。
n. [地理] 沼泽；泥塘
 - cienaga, quagmire

Word: rut
Front: rut
[rʌt] (研 11310/14763 -1)
Vocabulary: rut
(once / 2095 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv
A rut is a groove in the earth, like an indent caused by wheels. It's also a boring routine that can be hard to break. If you’re stuck in a rut, you’ve been doing the same old thing for too long.
If you see a groove in the ground, especially one caused by a bike or car, that's a rut. If a rut is deep enough, you could get stuck in it, which may be why the word has another meaning. If your life has become boring, stale, and monotonous, you're in a rut. Someone who works the same job for decades may feel like they're in a rut and need to make a change.
WORD FAMILY
rut: ruts, rutted, rutting, ruttish, rutty+/rutty: ruttier, ruttiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once through the rutted parking lot and inside the clubhouse, there’s no pro shop, few furnishings, no local club professional and no restaurant.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Pazienza outpointed Duran over 12 gruelling rounds - watching the fight back is like watching two rutting rams - before beating him again the following year.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Journalists may thrive on news — by definition, the unexpected or novel — but they’re terrible at getting out of their own comfortable ruts.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 车辙; 发情期; 老一套，惯例
vt. 犁
vi. 处于发情发动期
时态：rutted, rutting, ruts
分布：车辙(34%)，发情(24%)，常规(17%)，凹痕(6%)，处于发情期(5%)，槽(5%)，耕犁(5%)，形成车辙(2%)，陈旧不变的一套(2%)
→可能缩写自法语 route,路，道路，词源同 route.引申词义车辙。rut 动物发情
noun
HOLE 孔
countable
■a deep narrow mark made in soft ground especially by a wheel （在松软地面上压出的）沟，凹痕；（尤指）车辙
[rʌt] noun
SEXUALLY ACTIVE PERIOD 性欲旺盛期
only singular
■the period of the year during which particular male animals, especially deer and sheep, are sexually active （尤指雄鹿、公羊等的）发情期
• During the rut, stags can be seen fighting for females. 在发情期，可以看到雄鹿为了争夺雌鹿而争斗。
in rut
■(of particular male animals) sexually excited （雄性动物）发情
[rʌt] noun
in a rut
■If a person, organization, etc. is in a rut, they have become too fixed in one particular type of job, activity, method, etc （工作、方法等）刻板乏味，墨守成规，一成不变
• I've got to change jobs - after 15 years here I feel I'm (stuck) in a rut (= I'm bored). 我要换个工作了——在这里呆了15年，我感觉刻板乏味极了。
n. [动] 发情期；惯例；性冲动； [建] 凹槽
 - tradition, convention, usage

Word: riding
Front: riding
[ˈraɪdɪŋ] (11260/10126 -K2)
Back: n. 骑马; 乘车; 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃; 区
v. 骑，驾驶( ride的现在分词); 乘坐
分布：骑马(98%)，动词ride的现在分词.(2%)
noun uncountable
■the sport or activity of riding horses 骑马（运动或活动）
• Have you ever been riding? 你骑过马吗？
• She goes riding on Saturdays. 她周六去骑马。
• riding boots and a riding hat 马靴和骑手帽
n. 骑马；骑术
 - equitation, horsemanship

Word: madden
Front: madden
[ˈmædn] (雅 11276/20519)
Vocabulary: madden
(once / 771 pages)
1v 2v
Use the verb madden when something exasperates you or drives you up a wall. Terrible traffic when you're late for an appointment is sure to madden you.
If something makes you mad or gets on your nerves, it maddens you. If your dogs tend to madden you, it means that they drive you crazy. When you madden your dogs, you get them so riled up that they run around the house barking. The earliest use of the verb was literally "to make mad or insane," though by the early 1800's it meant "to drive to distraction."
WORD FAMILY
madden: maddened, maddening, maddens+/ maddening: maddeningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Few places are as maddening, as beautiful and mysterious, as mystical.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mike Madden, the father of one victim, learned that his son, Griffin, was dead a week later.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
On the night of the Oakland fire, Griffin Madden arrived at the Ghost Ship with his best friend from college, David Cline.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使狂怒，使发狂
时态：maddened, maddening, maddens
分布：使发狂(50%)，激怒(50%)
→mad,疯的，-en,使。
verb transitive
■to make someone very angry or annoyed 激怒；使狂怒；使非常恼火
• It maddens me to see how unfairly Jon has been treated. 看到乔恩遭到如此不公平的对待，我很气愤。
vt. 使疯狂；激怒
 - anger, provoke
vi. 发狂
 - go ape, go bananas

Word: timid
Front: timid
[ˈtɪmɪd] (研四六托宝 11301/11482 -1)
Vocabulary: timid
(once / 261 pages)
adjn
Timid means "overly cautious or fearful," like a timid driver who drives very slowly or avoids highways altogether.
Timid comes from the Middle French word timide, meaning "easily frightened, shy." Those who are timid often worry that things will go wrong: a timid eater orders bland food to avoid the possibility not liking the flavor of something new, just as a timid partygoer talks to people he already knows, afraid that he won't be able to talk to strangers.
WORD FAMILY
timid: timider, timidest, timidity, timidly, timidness+/ timidity: timidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is no job for impulsive, timid or inattentive souls.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was petrified of being separated from her child but even more terrified of appearing timid before her comrades, whose approval she craved.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
“I was a little timid about telling parents about it because I thought some would be worried,” Falwell said.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 胆小的; 羞怯的; 怕人; 羞手羞脚
分布：胆怯的(76%)，害羞的(24%)
→来自拉丁语 timere,使恐惧，可能来自 teme,黑暗的，词源同 temerity,tenebrous.
胆怯的[tim=fear,表示"害怕"]
a.胆怯的,怯懦的He is timid of action.他战战兢兢地行动.
【记】tim胆小，id：胆小的。参：timorous（adj 胆子小的）
【反】audacious（adj 大胆的；卤莽的）
adjective
■shy and nervous; without much confidence; easily frightened 羞怯的；胆小的，胆怯的
• Lucy is a rather timid child. 露西是个非常羞怯的孩子。
• My horse is a bit timid and is easily frightened by traffic. 我的马有点胆小，容易受到来往车辆的惊吓。
adj. 胆小的；羞怯的
 - modest, harehearted

Word: landslide
Front: landslide
[ˈlændslaɪd] (托宝 11290/15171 -1)
Vocabulary: landslide
(once / 3230 pages)
n
When dirt and rock from a mountainside coming sliding down, call it a landslide. Another kind of landslide takes place when one candidate soundly defeats another in an election. With either type of landslide, it's probably safest to stay out of the way!
The political meaning of landslide is commonly used, but it's not the word's original definition. A geographical landslide occurs when a huge amount of earth slides down a slope or mountain, usually displacing rocks and vegetation and often houses and buildings as well. Landslides are caused by erosion, heavy rain, and earthquakes, among other events, and they're disruptive enough to give rise to the figurative meaning.
WORD FAMILY
landslide: landslides
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lost by a landslide in some Eastern Washington counties.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It credited him with "unseen groundwork" to get Labour in a position to win its 1997 general election landslide.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Storm surges and flooding were also expected in low-lying and coastal areas and landslides were feared in mountain slopes, the disaster agency said.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. [地]山崩; 大胜利
分布：滑坡(84%)，山崩(15%)，占绝对优势的选举(1%)
→land,土地，slide,滑落。
【记】land地，slide滑－地向下滑－山崩的大石头。
noun countable
FALLING EARTH 坠落的泥土 (also landslip)
■a mass of rock and earth moving suddenly and quickly down a steep slope 山体滑坡，塌方
['lænd.slaɪd] noun countable
VICTORY 胜利
■the winning of an election with an extremely large number of votes （选举中）一方选票占压倒性多数，大胜
• The opinion polls are predicting a Liberal landslide in next week's election. 民意调查预测自由党将在下周的选举中大获全胜。
• a landslide victory 压倒性胜利
n. [地质] 山崩；大胜利
 - flying colours, mudslide

Word: fieldwork
Front: fieldwork
[ˈfi:ldwɜ:k] (11292/12934)
Back: n. 野战工事; 野外工作; 实地调查; 现场工作
分布：实地调查(45%)，野外工作(30%)，现场工作(25%)
→field, 野外。work, 工作。
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■study which consists of practical activities that are done away from your school, college or place of work 实地考察；野外研究
• They had to go to Africa to do their fieldwork. 他们必须去非洲做实地考察。

Word: deduct
Front: deduct
[dɪˈdʌkt] (研六雅宝 11281/7941 -2)
Vocabulary: deduct
(once / 649 pages)
v
To deduct is to remove or take away some amount. If your boss deducts money from your paycheck because you're always late to work, she subtracts it.
When taxes are withheld from your salary, your employer deducts them to pay your contribution. Each time you use a debit card, it deducts the amount you spend from your bank account. A different way to deduct is to come to a reasoned, thoughtful conclusion, or to deduce. The two words were once interchangeable, while now it's more common to use deduct to mean "remove a portion," and deduce to mean "infer logically."
WORD FAMILY
deduct: deducted, deductible, deducting, deduction, deducts+/ deductible: deductibles, nondeductible/ deduction: deductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The amount will be deducted from any benefits they already receive.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hanging on the wall near Smith’s birthday cake was this plaque: “Time spent flying is not deducted from one’s lifespan.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And he says Americans will be able to deduct their child-care and elder-care expenses from their taxes, among other changes.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 扣除，减去; 演绎
时态：deducted, deducting, deducts
分布：扣除(87%)，演绎(13%)
→de-, 向下。-duct, 拉，引导，词源同induce, conduct.即向下拉掉，减去，扣除。
vt.扣除;演绎(推理)The teacher deducted ten marks for bad handwriting.因书写不好, 老师扣了十分.
verb transitive
■to take away an amount or part from a total 减，减去；扣除
• The player had points deducted (from his score) for arguing with the referee. 那名运动员因与裁判争辩而被扣分。
vt. 扣除，减去；演绎
 - net of, substract

Word: rummage
Front: rummage
[ˈrʌmɪdʒ] (11327/12654 -1)
Vocabulary: rummage
(once / 2689 pages)
vn
Rummage means to search for something, but in a scattered, disorganized manner. You can rummage through your drawer looking for a lost sock, or you could even hold "a rummage sale" to sell off all your socks that are missing their mates.
Ahoy, mateys: the word rummage hails from a sea-faring background. The Middle Dutch ruim, Germanic rum, and Old English rum all referred to a compartment on a ship, probably stemming from the Middle French verb arrumer, "to stow goods in the hold of a ship." The idea of rummaging as searching was first recorded in the 1620s. The first rummage sale also had its ship connection, as it was a sale on the docks of unclaimed items.
WORD FAMILY
rummage: rummaged, rummages, rummaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this year, they found themselves scrambling for doctors' numbers, sending guests home hungry and rummaging through cupboards for backup plans.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Rummaging in bins we get hockey helmets with face cages; shoulder, chest and elbow pads; gloves and shin/knee guards.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Rummage through most instruction books, and you'll find a lot on the subject of timing, but little on time.
Golf Digest(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: v. 翻查; 搜出; 翻箱倒柜
n. 翻查，搜查; 杂物，七零八碎的东西
时态：rummaged, rummaging, rummages
分布：检查(38%)，到处翻寻(21%)，搜出(21%)，翻箱倒柜的寻找(10%)，临检(10%)
→rum-,屋子，室，词源同 room,-age,名词后缀。原义为检查船舱堆放货物是否捆绑牢固，后引 申词义乱翻，搜寻。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to search for something by moving things around carelessly and looking into, under and behind them 翻找，翻寻，乱翻
• She rummaged in/through all the drawers, looking for a pen. 她把所有抽屉都翻了个遍，想找支笔。
vt. 检查；搜出；仔细搜查；翻找出
 - examine, inspect, review
n. 翻找；检查；查出的物件；零星杂物
 - inspection, examination, checking, monitoring
vi. 翻找；仔细搜查
 - hunt throw

Word: academia
Front: academia
[ˌækəˈdi:miə] (11277/21484)
Vocabulary: academia
(once / 12655 pages)
n
The world of colleges and universities is academia. Academia is the academic world.
If you like school, then you might enjoy academia, which is also known as academe. People in academia include students — college and university students, specifically. Then there are the professors, who teach the students. That's not all professors do; they also research various subjects. Producing research is one of the major goals of academia. If you like thinking and learning and studying, academia could be the place for you.
WORD FAMILY
academia: academias+/ academic: academia, academically, academician, academicism, academics/academician: academicians, academicianship/academicianship: academicianships/ academy: academic, academies, academism
USAGE EXAMPLES
I poured lots of time and money into getting a PhD, in hopes that academia might scratch that itch.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
You’ve worked in academia, finance, advertising, tech, activism and journalism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Even within the halls of respectable academia, the difference between legitimate and fake publications and conferences is far blurrier than scholars would like to admit.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 学术界，学术环境
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■the part of society, especially universities, that is connected with studying and thinking, or the activity or job of studying （尤指大学）学术界；学术活动；学术工作
• A graduate of law and economics from Moscow State University, he had spent his life in academia. 他毕业于莫斯科国立大学，修读法律和经济，毕生都倾注在学术研究上。
n. 学术界；学术生涯
 - academic circles, academic world

Word: tandem
Front: tandem
[ˈtændəm] (11296/14270 -1)
Vocabulary: tandem
(once / 4807 pages)
nadv
Tandem describes an arrangement where people or animals are in formation, one behind the other. Couples attached at the hip sometimes like to ride tandem bicycles, which allow two people to pedal the same bike. How cute.
In 1785, tandem first came into existence as a noun meaning “carriage pulled by horses harnessed one behind the other.” About a hundred years later, people started to use tandem to refer to bicycles with two seats. This type of bicycle has two sets of pedals and two seats, but only one set of wheels. To transform tandem into an adverb, just stick in in front of it. "In tandem" can just mean "together" — like two departments working in tandem on a project.
WORD FAMILY
tandem: tandems
USAGE EXAMPLES
But our first holiday thereafter, still newlyweds, still getting used to life in tandem: disaster.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Then a tandem bicycle appeared pulling a cart with a lit Christmas tree decorated with a flashing bright red star on the tree top.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The latter appears in tandem with the television miniseries “Victoria,” created and scripted by Goodwin and airing on PBS in January.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 两匹[数匹]前后串联在马车上的马; 双马串联马车; 双人自行车; 串联
adv. 一个跟着一个地; 纵排地
adj. （两匹马）前后纵列的; 串联的
分布：串联(98%)，串联式自行车(2%)
→来自拉丁语 tandem,最后，究竟，持续时间，来自 tam,因此，来自 to,指示代词根，词源 同 the,that,-dem,指示副词后缀。后幽默的用于指一前一后两匹马拉的马车（而不是两匹马并 排），再后用于指一前一后的双座自行车。
noun countable
■a bicycle made for two people who sit one behind the other 双人自行车
['tæn.dəm] noun countable
in tandem
■at the same time 同时
• The heart and lungs will be transplanted in tandem. 将同时移植心脏和双肺。
■If two pieces of equipment, people, etc. are working in tandem, they are working together, especially well or closely 协同地，联合地
• I want these two groups to work/operate in tandem on this project. 我希望这两个小组联合办这个专案计划。
n. [电] 串联；串座双人自行车
 - connection in series, concatenation
adj. [电] 串联的
 - series-wound

Word: doze
Front: doze
[dəʊz] (研托雅宝 11330/12444 -1)
Vocabulary: doze
(once / 1085 pages)
nv
Are you sleepy? Maybe you need to doze a little. To doze is to sleep lightly or to take a nap.
To doze is to just have a little sleep: either a short nap or a very light snooze. Since doze and snooze almost rhyme — and snoring sounds a little like ZZZZZZZZZZZ — the letter Z might be a good way to remember this word. Just make sure you don't "doze off" in class.
WORD FAMILY
doze: dozed, dozes, dozing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Don’t leave the car idling with windows closed or while you doze.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Jose Rangel Chavez and 18 other Mexican guest workers were dozing as their bus hurtled down Interstate 40 in a light rain.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It dozes for much of the winter, but last night was a rare exception.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 打盹儿，打瞌睡; 假寐
vt. 打瞌睡度过
n. 瞌睡
时态：dozed, dozing, dozes
分布：瞌睡(56%)，打瞌睡(44%)
→词源同dizzy, 发晕，眩晕。引申词义小睡。
v./n.瞌睡;假寐Some of the students dozed off during the lecture.有些学生在上课时打瞌睡.
US [doʊz] verb intransitive
■to have a short sleep, especially during the day （尤指白天）小睡，打盹
• My cat likes dozing in front of the fire. 我的猫喜欢在火炉前打盹。
UK [dəʊz] US [doʊz] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  doze off informal
■If you doze off, you start to sleep, especially during the day （尤指在白天）睡着了，入睡了
• The office was so hot I nearly dozed off at my desk. 办公室里很热，我差点在办公桌上睡着了。
nap, slumber, doze, sleep
这组词都有“睡”的意思，其区别是：
nap: 指白天的小睡。
slumber: 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。
doze: 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。
sleep: 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。
vi. 打瞌睡；假寐
 - catnap, drowse
n. 瞌睡
 - sleepiness, zizz

Word: urgently
Front: urgently
['ɜ:dʒəntlɪ] (11314/6019)
Back: adv. 紧急地，急迫地
分布：迫切地(75%)，紧急的(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
紧迫的；紧急的；紧要的
If something is urgent, it needs to be dealt with as soon as possible.
例：There is an urgent need for food and water...现在亟需食物和水。
例：He had urgent business in New York.他在纽约有急事。
ADJ-GRADED
急切的；极力主张的
If you speak in an urgent way, you show that you are anxious for people to notice something or to do something.
例：His voice was low and urgent...他的嗓音低沉而急切。
例：His mother leaned forward and spoke to him in urgent undertones.他母亲身子前倾，小声而急切地跟他说话。
adv. 迫切地；紧急地；急切地
 - imminently, eagerly

Word: penalize
Front: penalize
[ˈpi:nəlaɪz] (宝 11309/21014 -1)
Vocabulary: penalize
(once / 5719 pages)
v
When you penalize someone, you punish them. A traffic cop will usually penalize a speeder with an expensive ticket.
A court might penalize a criminal with fines or time in prison, while a frustrated teacher is more likely to penalize the class clown with detention. Sports referees frequently penalize players by allowing the opposing team an advantage of some sort, like a penalty kick in soccer or a free throw in basketball. Penalize is rooted in penal, or "pertaining to punishment." The Greek root is poine, "penalty, punishment, or blood money."
WORD FAMILY
penalize: penalization, penalized, penalizes, penalizing+/penalise: penalisation, penalised, penalises, penalising/ penalty: penalise, penalize, penalties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors and hospitals here are obsessed with metrics, not least because under the health law, they may be rewarded or penalized based on their performance.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Women were consistently evaluated more harshly than their male counterparts and were penalized to a greater degree if they were unwilling to help.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Washington was called for five minors in the first period, continuing a trend of getting penalized in bunches.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 对…予以惩罚; 使处于不利地位
时态：penalized, penalizing, penalizes
分布：处罚(84%)，使不利(16%)
→来自penal,处罚的，处罚的。
宣告有罪,处罚(penal+ize)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
(UK usually penalise) ['pi:.nə.laɪz] verb transitive
CAUSE DISADVANTAGE 使不利
■to cause someone a disadvantage 使处于不利地位
• The present tax system penalizes poor people. 现行税收制度对穷人不利。
• The scheme should ensure that borrowers are not penalized by sudden rises in mortgage rates. 该计划应确保贷款者不会因分期贷款利率突然上升而陷入困境。
(UK usually penalise) ['pi:.nə.laɪz] verb transitive
PUNISH 惩罚
■to punish someone for breaking a rule （因犯规）处罚，惩罚
• He was penalized early in the match for dangerous play. 他在比赛开始后不久因危险动作而受到处罚。
vt. 处罚；处刑；使不利
 - catch up to, catch up with

Word: vice
Front: vice
[vaɪs] (高研四六雅 9910/7210 -3)
Vocabulary: vice
(once / 97 pages)
1n 2n
A vice is a moral failing or a bad habit. Traditional examples of vice include drinking alcohol, smoking tobacco, and gambling in card games.
In the United States, municipal police departments often have a bureau dedicated to vice, manned by vice cops, whose job it is to fight crime related to alcohol, drugs, and gambling. But anything can be a vice, as long as there's someone out there who views it as bad behavior or a moral weakness. You might say, casually, "I don't drink, smoke, or gamble. Chocolate ice cream is my vice." Or driving over the speed limit. Or intentionally failing to sort your recycling.
WORD FAMILY
vice: vices, vicious +/ vicious: viciousest, viciously, viciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Amen,” said Browns vice president of football operations Sashi Brown.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Meanwhile, MPF Vice President Jay Parsons said he expects little or no rent growth in urban rental markets this year.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Joan Cox, senior vice president of savings products at Navy Federal Credit Union, provided some tips for smart budgeting and saving in the new year.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 恶习; 不道德行为; （肉体的）缺陷，疾病; （文体等的）缺点，瑕疵
prep. 代替; 取代
adj. 副的; 代替的
vt. 用老虎钳夹紧; 钳制
分布：恶习(30%)，邪恶(17%)，缺点(16%)，代替(9%)，副的(8%)，老虎钳(8%)，代理的(5%)，罪行(4%)，生理缺陷(3%)
→来自拉丁语vitium,缺陷，过错，污点，字母c，t音变，词源同vicious,vitiate。引申词义罪行。
n.邪恶;恶习;(pl.)台钳,老虎钳The vice-adviser advised the reviser to devise a device for getting rid of vice.代理顾问建议校订者想出一个根除恶习的计策.
prefix
 IMPROVER (also vice-)
■used as part of the title of particular positions. The person who holds one of these positions is next below in authority to the person who holds the full position and can act for them 副职的；副的
• the vice captain of the team 队伍的副队长
• a vice admiral 海军中将
[vaɪs] noun
NOT MORAL 邪恶
countable or uncountable
■(a) moral fault or weakness in someone's character 堕落，邪恶；不良习气，恶习
• Greed, pride, envy, dishonesty and lust are considered to be vices. 贪婪、骄傲、妒忌、欺骗和淫欲都被视为罪恶。
• mainly humorous My one real vice (= bad habit) is chocolate. 我一个真正的恶习就是爱吃巧克力。
uncountable
■illegal and immoral activities, especially involving illegal sex, drugs, etc. （尤指与性或毒品有关的）罪行，道德败坏行为
• The chief of police said that he was committed to wiping out vice in the city. 警察局长说他将坚定不移地扫除该市的犯罪行为。
[vaɪs] noun
TOOL 工具 (ALSO US usually vise) countable mainly UK
■a tool with two parts which can be moved together by tightening a screw so that an object can be held firmly between them while it is being worked on 老虎钳；台钳
• Vices are often used to hold pieces of wood that are being cut or smoothed. 台钳常常用来固定需要切割或磨光的木块。
• Her hand tightened like a vice around his arm. 她的手像老虎钳子一样紧紧抓住他的手臂。
deputy, vice, under, associate
deputy: 第一副职，部长不在时，由其代理
vice: +president/chairman/governor；
under: +secretary(副部长)；
associate: +professor;
n. 恶习；缺点； [机] 老虎钳；卖淫
 - defect, deficiency, fault, disadvantage, abuse
prep. 代替
 - in place of, in stead of
vt. 钳住
 - vise
adj. 副的；代替的
 - deputy, auxiliary

Word: vulgar
Front: vulgar
[ˈvʌlgə(r)] (研六托雅宝 11317/9913 -1)
Vocabulary: vulgar
(once / 278 pages)
adj
Someone who's vulgar has bad taste, and could also be called unrefined or unsophisticated. Your snobby neighbor might mutter about your family's vulgar taste if you paint your house with rainbow stripes.
From the Latin vulgus, meaning "the common people," vulgar is an adjective that can describe anything from the sexually explicit to the merely ugly and crass. Many people believe that there's an important difference between things that are sexually frank and things that are vulgar. "Erotica" can be beautiful and even highbrow, while "pornography" is crude and vulgar. My friend Arnie loves the lights and glamour of Times Square, while Cintra finds all the bright-colored, corporate logos to be vulgar.
WORD FAMILY
vulgar: vulgarer, vulgarest, vulgarian, vulgarise, vulgarism, vulgarity, vulgarize, vulgarly+/vulgarian: vulgarians/vulgarisation: vulgarisations/vulgarise: vulgarisation, vulgarised, vulgariser, vulgarises, vulgarising/vulgarism: vulgarisms/ vulgarity: vulgarities/vulgarization: vulgarizations/vulgarize: vulgarization, vulgarized, vulgarizer, vulgarizes, vulgarizing/vulgarizer: vulgarizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Vulgar taste,” Li Yaoyu, a Chinese veteran, later wrote of the movies.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“But mostly I see my pictures as funny and, to use the most vulgar expression from the 21st-century art world, beautiful and romantic.”
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
"People think it’s bad, that it’s vulgar," said one club manager, who like most of those interviewed declined to be named.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 庸俗的，俚俗的，粗俗的; 一般大众的，老百姓的; 粗野的，下流的
n. [古语]平民，百姓
分布：粗俗的(86%)，通俗的(11%)，乡土的(3%)
→来自拉丁语vulgus,平民，词源同divulge,可能来自folk,民众。引申义普通的，粗俗的。
大众的,粗俗的[vulg=people"表示"人群"]
无教养的(vulg平民+ar)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
a.粗俗的,庸俗的,本土的,通俗的,普通的The house is full of vulgar plastic flowers.房子里摆满了俗不可耐的塑料花.
US [-gɚ] disapproving
adjective
NOT SUITABLE 不得体的
■not suitable, simple, dignified or beautiful; common or not in the style preferred by the upper classes of society 粗俗的；庸俗的；不雅的
• a vulgar patterned shirt 图案粗俗的衬衫
• I've no idea how much the clothes cost because there was nothing so vulgar as a price tag in evidence. 我不知道那些衣服值多少钱，因为上面连一个普通的价格标签都看不到。
• Isn't it rather vulgar to talk about how much money you earn? 谈论赚多少钱难道不庸俗吗？
UK ['vʌl.gər] US [-gɚ] disapproving
adjective
RUDE 粗鲁的
■rude and likely to upset or anger people, especially by referring to sex and the body in an unpleasant way 粗俗的；（尤指）下流的，猥亵的
• It was an extremely vulgar joke. 那是个极为下流的笑话。
gross, crude, coarse, vulgar
这组词都有“粗鲁的，粗俗的”的意思，其区别是：
gross: 语气强烈，指粗鲁、无礼貌，令人讨厌。
crude: 与vulgar同义，也指言谈举止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教养。
coarse: 指缺乏教养，言谈粗俗，举止粗野，可与vulgar换用。
vulgar: 侧重指对听者的冒犯，往往强调粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教养。
adj. 粗俗的；通俗的；本土的
 - popular, low, mainland, coarse, informal
n. 平民，百姓
 - populace, common man

Word: improperly
Front: improperly
[im'prɔpəli] (11300/20396)
Back: adv. 不正确地，不适当地
分布：不适当地(60%)，不正确地(40%)
ADJ
不正当的;非法的
Improper activities are illegal or dishonest.
例：25 officers were investigated following allegations of improper conduct during the murder inquiry...25 名警察在被指控于调查谋杀案期间有非法行为之后受到调查。
例：Mr Matthews maintained that he had done nothing improper.马修斯先生坚称他没有做过非法的事情。
ADJ
不合适的;不适当的
Improper conditions or methods of treatment are not suitable or good enough for a particular purpose.
例：The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
ADJ-GRADED
不成体统的;不得体的
If you describe someone's behaviour as improper, you mean that it is rude or shocking.
例：He would never be improper, he is always the perfect gentleman.他总是举止得体,一直是个完美的绅士。
adv. 不适当地；错误地
 - wrong, incorrectly

Word: destabilize
Front: destabilize
[ˌdi:ˈsteɪbəlaɪz] (11302/23799 -1)
Vocabulary: destabilize
(once / 9057 pages)
v
To destabilize something is to undermine it, or to make it much less stable. Seeming uncertain or confused can destabilize a teacher's ability to control a class.
Political protesters might seek to destabilize a government or other institution, and lying to your best friend can destabilize your relationship. In both cases, the underlying stability of a situation is shaken, or made less sturdy. The earliest use of destabilize was in a physical sense, if something was literally unstable or shaky. By the 1920s, the word came to also have a more political meaning.
WORD FAMILY
destabilize: destabilization, destabilized, destabilizes, destabilizing+/destabilise: destabilised/ instability: instabilities/stabilisation: destabilisation/stabilise: destabilise, stabilisation, stabilised, stabiliser, stabilising/ stability: instability, stabilities/ stabilization: stabilizations/ stabilize: destabilize, stabilization, stabilized, stabilizer, stabilizes, stabilizing /stabilizer: stabilizers/ stable: stabilise, stability, stabilize, stabled, stableness, stabler, stables, stabling, stably, unstable /stabling: stablings/ unstable: unstableness, unstably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cybersecurity experts say a hack in December 2015 destabilized Kiev’s power grid, causing a blackout in part of the Ukrainian capital.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Malaysian government leaders said the country remains open to dissent and critics are trying to destabilize it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Now is the time to reinforce the bedrock so it doesn’t become further destabilized.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使打破平衡，使不稳定; 使动摇
时态：destabilized, destabilizing, destabilizes
分布：使动摇(67%)，使不稳定(33%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。stabilize, 使稳定。
【记】de坏，stabilize（v 稳定）－使不稳定
(UK usually destabilise) [ˌdi:'steɪ.bəl.aɪz] verb transitive
■to make a government, area or political group lose power or control, or to make a political or economic situation less strong or safe, by causing changes and problems 颠覆；动摇；破坏；扰乱
• They uncovered a plot to destabilize the government. 他们揭露了一件企图颠覆政府的阴谋。
• The conflict destabilized the whole region. 这场冲突破坏了整个地区的稳定。
• Further increases in imports could destabilize the economy. 进一步增加入口可能会扰乱经济秩序。
vt. 使动摇
 - unsettle

Word: edgy
Front: edgy
[ˈedʒi] (11306/19987 -1)
Vocabulary: edgy
(once / 7529 pages)
adj
If you're edgy, you're uptight, tense, or anxious. You might find yourself getting nervous and edgy right before you take a difficult test.
A tendency to get edgy — irritable and jittery — might be a result of too much coffee, or just a personality trait. It's not a very helpful habit in most cases, leading you to snap at other people or just feel tense. An informal way to use edgy is to mean "experimental or daring." In the 18th century, something edgy literally had sharp edges, but by the early 1800s it came to mean "tense and irritable."
WORD FAMILY
edgy: edgier, edgiest, edgily, edginess+/ edge: edged, edgeless, edger, edges, edging, edgy /edger: edgers/edging: edgings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clemson seems a bit louder, a bit edgier, with a taste for revenge.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It grew into an e-commerce destination for trendy, edgy fashions for women, with the company eventually adding two brick-and-mortar stores in Los Angeles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The wines are certified biodynamic, and an earth-friendly viticulture is reflected in the edgy energy the wine conveys on the palate.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 锋利的，泼辣的，尖锐的; 神经紧张的，易激动的，急躁的; （画）轮廓过于分明的
级别：edgier, edgiest
分布：急躁的(49%)，刀口锐利的(30%)，尖利的(21%)
→来自edgy, 边缘。
['edʒ.i] informal
adjective
■nervous or worried 紧张不安的；烦躁的
adj. 急躁的；尖利的；刀口锐利的
 - hot-headed, irritable

Word: wrongly
Front: wrongly
[ˈrɒŋli] (11321/7537 -K)
Back: adv. 错误地; 不正确地; 不恰当地; 不正直地
分布：错误地(50%)，不公正地(30%)，不恰当地(20%)
US ['rɑ:ŋ-] adverb
 IMPROVER
■not correctly 错误地；不正确地
• Several people were wrongly convicted. 好几个人被错判有罪。
• He even spelled his own client's name wrongly. 他甚至连自己客户的名字都拼错了。
adv. 错误地；不恰当地；不公正地
 - in error, incorrectly

Word: semantic
Front: semantic
[sɪˈmæntɪk] (11345/4913)
Vocabulary: semantic
(once / 14379 pages)
adj
If something is semantic, it has to do with the meaning of a word. If you're spending all this time reading the dictionary, you must be interested in semantic questions — or you just want better grades on your vocabulary quizzes.
Semantic comes from the Greek word for "significant," and has to do with how, say, the word dog actually means that furry friend of yours, and all the others like him. If you're really into the philosophy of language and how words come to have particular meanings, then you like semantics. It can be an adjective, as in a semantic argument with your mom over the meaning of "grounded," or a noun, meaning "the study of signs and meaning."
WORD FAMILY
semantic: semantically, semantics +/semanticist: semanticists/ semantics: semanticist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the journey of these terms to the semantic dark side we may perceive all the problems of our political moment.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He didn’t care for metaphors: “They replace genuine uncertainty about the world with semantic ambiguity. A metaphor is a cover-up.”
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
But such semantic distinctions weren’t enough to ward off a congressional inquiry, begun after Bloch had left, which temporarily damaged the agency’s sterling reputation.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <语>语义的，语义学的
分布：语义的(100%)
→seman-,语义，-tic,形容词后缀。
US [-tˌɪk] adjective
■connected with the meanings of words 语意的

Word: wrestler
Front: wrestler
[ˈreslə(r)] (11291/19700)
Back: n. 摔跤选手; 扭斗者，搏斗者
分布：摔跤选手(85%)，扭斗者(15%)
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a person who wrestles as a sport 摔跤运动员

Word: away
Front: away
[əˈweɪ] (中高 269/237 -K5)
Back: adv. 离开，远离; 在远处; 消失
adj. 不在的; 遥远的; 客场比赛
分布：离开(28%)，消失(12%)，遥远的(12%)，在远处(12%)，不在的(10%)，远离(9%)，客场的(7%)，朝另一个方向(7%)，一直(3%)
→来自短语on way.
ad.在远处;离开;渐渐远去;一直;去掉Anyway, the prayer swayed by me always goes away by subway.不管怎样,受我支配的祈祷者总是从地铁走向远方.
adverb
SOMEWHERE ELSE 别的地方
 ESSENTIAL
■somewhere else, or to or in a different place, position or situation 去（或在）别处；向另一方向；向一边
• Ms Watson is away on holiday until the end of the week. 沃森女士渡假去了，要到周末才能回来。
• Keep/Stay away from him. 离他远点。
• Just go away and leave me alone! 走开，别管我！
• The sight was so horrible that I had to look/turn away. 这场面太可怕了，我不得不移开视线。
• The recent flood has swept away the footbridge. 最近爆发的洪水把人行桥冲垮了。
• I've given away all my old clothes to charity. 我已把所有的旧衣服都捐给了慈善机构。
• UK Would you like your burger to eat in or take away? 你的汉堡包是在店里吃还是带走？
[ə'weɪ] adverb
DISTANT 远的
 ESSENTIAL
■at a distance (of or from here) （距此）…远
• How far away is the station? 车站离这里有多远？
• The office is a half-hour drive away. 从这里开车到办公室要半小时。
• We live 5 km away from each other. 我们两人的住处相隔五公里。
• Life's so much quieter away from the city. 离开城市，生活清静多了。
• informal Oh, it's miles away (= a long distance from here). 哦，很远呢。
[ə'weɪ] adverb
INTO PLACE 放入空间里
 ESSENTIAL
■in or into the usual or a suitable place, especially one that can be closed 在老地方；在适当的地方；放到，放进（尤指封闭的空间）
• Would you put the ice-cream away in the freezer. 你把雪糕放到冰箱里好吗？
• My grandparents had £800 hidden away in an old shoe box. 我祖父母在一个旧鞋盒子里藏了800英镑。
[ə'weɪ] adverb
GONE 离去
 ESSENTIAL
■gradually until mostly or completely gone 逐渐消失；逐渐不存在
• All the snow had melted away. 雪已完全融化了。
• The music faded away as the procession moved slowly up the street. 随着街上的游行队伍渐渐远去，音乐声也渐渐听不见了。
• We used to while away (= spend time at) the weekends at my aunt's cottage in the country. 过去我们常常在我姑母的乡间农舍中度周末。
• We danced the night away (= until the night was over). 我们跳舞跳了个通宵。
[ə'weɪ] adverb
IN THE FUTURE 在将来
 IMPROVER
■in the future; from now 将来；（离现在）…长的时间
• My English exam's only a week away and I haven't even started to prepare. 再有一周就要考英文了，但是我还未开始温习呢。
[ə'weɪ] adverb
CONTINUOUSLY 持续地
 IMPROVER
■continuously or repeatedly, or in a busy way 连续不断地；一直；干劲十足地
• I was still writing away when the exam finished. 考试结束时我还在拼命写个不停。
• Chris has been working away in the garden all day. 克里斯在花园里一刻不停地工作了一整天。
• We were chatting away at the back and didn't hear what he said. 我们一直坐在后面聊天，没有听到他说甚么。
[ə'weɪ] adjective
■An away match or game is played at an opposing team's sports ground （比赛）客场的，在对方场地举行的
• We lost the away game but won both the home games. 我们输了客场的那场比赛，但是在主场的两场比赛都赢了。
adv. 离去，离开；在远处
 - aside, beyond

Word: upstream
Front: upstream
[ˌʌpˈstri:m] (11313/12214 -1)
Back: adj. 向上游的; 逆流而上的; （石油工业等）上游的
adv. 向上游; 逆流地
n. 上游部门
分布：向上游(40%)，逆流地(30%)，逆流而上的(20%)，上游的(10%)
adverb adjective [before noun]
■(moving) on a river or stream towards its origin 在上游（的）；向上游（的）；逆流（的）
• Salmon swim upstream against very strong currents to reach their breeding areas. 鲑鱼会迎着湍急的水流游向它们在上游的产卵区。
Opposite downstream
adv. 逆流地； [水文] 向上游
 - upwards

Word: entourage
Front: entourage
[ˈɒnturɑ:ʒ] (宝 11325/14499 -1)
Vocabulary: entourage
(once / 4715 pages)
n
You know that group of people — friends, assistants, bodyguards — that are always surrounding you everywhere you go? That's your entourage!
Entourage comes from the French word entourer, meaning “to surround,” and means "the people who surround someone." It's also pronounced like a French word, ending with the soft sound “razh” (not “rage”): "ON-too-razh." The size of a pop star's entourage might grow with every hit record she releases. You know you've really made it when your entourage won't fit in one limo.
WORD FAMILY
entourage: entourages
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “The Elephant in the Room,” Ronson tracks Jones at Trump campaign events and steals occasional conversations with him, his entourage and his faithful.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In 2013, when Dr. Wilkins was 96 and in a wheelchair, four bodyguards were hired as her entourage.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Now, unlike their experience with previous U.S. elections in which the presidency changed hands, they see no familiar faces of China experts in Trump’s entourage.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 随行人员
分布：随行人员(87%)，周围的事物(13%)
→en-, 进入，使。-tour, 围，词源同turn.
【记】en进入，tour旅游，age年龄：小皇上进入了旅游的年龄，就想微服私访，身边总有一些随从。
US [ˌɑ:n.tʊ'rɑ:ʒ] noun countable usually singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the group of people who travel with and work for an important or famous person （要人或名人的）随行人员，随从
• The rock-star arrived in London with her usual entourage of dancers and backing singers. 这位摇滚歌星到达了伦敦，随行的还有她惯用的伴舞和伴唱随行。
n. 随从；周围；环境
 - context, satellite, circumstance, setting, condition

Word: borrowing
Front: borrowing
[ˈbɒrəʊɪŋ] (11304/4860)
Back: n. 借款; 贷款; 借用的言语（或思想等）
v. 借，借入（borrow的现在分词）
分布：借款(62%)，贷款(36%)，动词borrow的现在分词.(1%)，借用词(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
借款；借贷
Borrowing is the activity of borrowing money.
例：We have allowed spending and borrowing to rise in this recession.在此经济萧条时期，我们容许增加消费和借贷。
例：...the huge £50 billion public sector borrowing requirement.公共部门500亿英镑的巨额借贷需求
N-COUNT
舶来语；借用词语；借鉴的观点
A borrowing is something such as a word or an idea that someone has taken from another language or from another person's work and used in their own language or work.
例：The names are direct borrowings from the Chinese.这些名称是直接从汉语中舶来的。
n. 借款；借用
 - debt, loan

Word: cross-cultural
Front: cross-cultural
[ˈkrɔsˈkʌltʃərəl] None
Back: adj. 超越一种文化的，比较各种文化的
分布：跨文化的(100%)
ADJ
跨文化的;涉及多种文化的
Cross-cultural means involving two or more different cultures.
例：Minority cultures within the United States often raised issues of cross-cultural conflict.美国的少数民族文化经常引发跨文化冲突问题。
adj. 跨文化的；交叉文化的
 - transcultural

Word: two-day

Word: re-examine
Front: re-examine
[ˌri:ɪgˈzæmɪn] (-1)
Back: vt. 再检查; 再审问; 再考试
时态：re-examined, re-examining, re-examines
VERB
重新审视（观点、信仰或态度）
If a person or group of people re-examines their ideas, beliefs, or attitudes, they think about them carefully because they are no longer sure if they are correct.
例：We may reexamine our goals or our methods for attaining our goals...我们可能会重新审视我们的目标或我们实现目标的方法。
例：Her husband and children will also have to re-examine their expectations.她的丈夫和孩子也都要重新审视他们的期望。

Word: accompaniment
Front: accompaniment
[əˈkʌmpənimənt] (托 11320/8637 -1)
Vocabulary: accompaniment
(once / 928 pages)
n
If your menu tonight consists of grilled pork and savory apples, then the pork is the main item and the apples are the accompaniment, meaning they complement the main dish.
The noun accompaniment entered English in the eighteenth century and originally was used in a musical sense to describe a part in a song that supports or acts as background for another more prominent part. Its meaning later expanded to include not only musical assistance but other things that completes or make better the main thing. You’ll often hear it used to describe a food that supports the main item on a plate.
WORD FAMILY
accompaniment: accompaniments+/accompanied: unaccompanied /accompanist: accompanists/ accompany: accompanied, accompanies, accompaniment, accompanist, accompanying, accompanyist
USAGE EXAMPLES
A different kind of ambiguity arises in the solo arias, where tensions between voice and accompaniment often conjure the desperation of the beleaguered soul.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Familiar carols will be led by the Youth Choir with organ accompaniment and a Christmas story will be read by the rector.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Now they seemed independent of any music, now they seemed connected to their accompaniment.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 伴奏; 伴随物
分布：伴随物(74%)，伴随情况(13%)，补充物(13%)
noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable or uncountable
■music that is played with someone who is singing or playing the main tune 伴奏音乐
• a song with piano accompaniment 由钢琴伴奏的歌曲
• humorous We worked to the accompaniment of (= while hearing the sound of) Mr French's drill. 我们工作时，弗伦奇先生打电钻的声音一直不绝于耳。
[ə'kʌm.pən.ɪ.mənt] noun
FOOD AND DRINK 食物和饮料
countable
■something that you eat or drink with something else 佐餐食品或饮料；配料
• A dry champagne makes the ideal accompaniment for/to this dish. 吃这道菜时，一杯干香槟是理想的佐餐酒。
n. 伴奏；伴随物
 - obbligato

Word: ax
Front: ax
[æks] (四 11322/28327)
Vocabulary: ax
(once / 793 pages)
nv
An ax is a sharp tool for cutting wood. When you split logs, you hold the handle, swing the ax into the air, and let the blade fall on the wood.
Most axes have a long wooden handle connected to a blade made of sharpened steel. An ax is a useful tool to own if you have a wood stove or are building a campfire. You can also spell the word with an e at the end: axe. As a verb, to ax means to fire someone from a job: "He was late so many times that I finally had to ax him."
WORD FAMILY
ax: axes
USAGE EXAMPLES
In July it was a truck at a Bastille Day fireworks show, and a few days after that an ax on a German train.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Earlier that month, an Afghan asylum seeker armed with an ax injured four people on a German commuter train in the Bavarian city of Würzburg.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
A fireman’s ax was also stolen, the Augusta newspaper reported.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 斧头
v. 削减; 解雇
时态：axed, axing, axes
分布：斧子(49%)，削减(23%)，解雇(22%)，用斧砍(6%)
vt. 削减；用斧修整；解雇
 - cut to the bone, cut down to
n. 斧头
 - oxe

Word: obligate
Front: obligate
['ɒblɪgeɪt] (11331/39685)
Vocabulary: obligate
(once / 220 pages)
vadj
To obligate is to either force someone to do something or be compelled to do something. You’re obligated to get to work on time if you want to keep your job.
Obligating has to do with responsibilities. When you have a job, you're obligated to show up and do your work. You could also say the job obligates you to do these things. Obligate, which is about obligations (duties), can be used another way – to commit as security. Money would be obligated, or put up as security. Obligate is not the same thing as oblige, which is like doing a favor. To obligate is meaner, it means “to force.”
WORD FAMILY
obligate: obligated, obligates, obligating, obligation +/ obligated: unobligated/ obligation: obligational, obligations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israeli prime ministers are not obligated to step down while under investigation, unless they are charged with a crime.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
U.S. government lawyers questioned whether the U.S. was legally obligated to compensate Iran’s revolutionary government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Others believe that fixing American education will require bolstering the public school systems that are obligated to serve every child.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（在法律或道义上）负有责任或义务; 对…施以恩惠
adj. 有义务的，必要的
时态：obligated, obligating, obligates
分布：强制(26%)，有义务的(23%)，使负义务(23%)，预留(17%)，必要的(11%)
VERB
强迫;迫使
If something obligates you to do a particular thing, it creates a situation where you have to do it.
例：The ruling obligates airlines to release information about their flight delays...这一裁决规定航空公司有义务公布航班晚点信息。
例：Under a separation agreement, he was obligated to pay his ex-wife £50,000 a year for life.根据分居协议，他必须每年向前妻支付5万英镑。
vt. 使负义务；强使，强迫；对…施以恩惠
 - force, enforce
adj. 有责任的，有义务的；必需的
 - responsible, required, bound, necessary, liable

Word: ambush
Front: ambush
[ˈæmbʊʃ] (托宝 11303/12166 -2)
Vocabulary: ambush
(once / 996 pages)
nv
An ambush is a sneak attack. To ambush your enemy, hide and wait for him to come near and then pounce on him.
In war or in backyards, an ambush is a great way to surprise someone. Ambush comes from a Latin word meaning “to place in a wood,” and hiding in the woods behind a tree is a classic starting point for an ambush. The actual attack is called an ambush, but ambush is also a verb, so you can ambush your mom by dropping water balloons on her head from a tree. Please don’t tell her where you got that idea.
WORD FAMILY
ambush: ambushed, ambusher, ambushes, ambushing+/ambusher: ambushers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edward O’Grady, stopped a truck at a roadside checkpoint and were killed in an ambush.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Edward O’Grady, were killed in an ambush after stopping a truck at a roadside checkpoint.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 埋伏; 伏击; 伏击者，伏兵; 伏击点
vt. 伏击
时态：ambushed, ambushing, ambushes
分布：埋伏(49%)，伏击(42%)，伏兵(9%)
→来自法语。am-, 同前缀em-, 进入，使，见embody, 具体化。bush, 丛林。
verb transitive
■to suddenly attack a person or a group of people after hiding and waiting for them 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Five soldiers died after their bus was ambushed on a country road. 在一条乡村道路上一辆公车遭到伏击，车上五名士兵身亡。
• He was ambushed by gunmen on his way to work. 他在上班的路上遭到了持枪歹徒的伏击。
['æm.bʊʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■an occasion when a person or group of people are ambushed 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Several passers-by were killed in the ambush. 这次伏击行动造成数名路人死亡。
• Fear of ambush prevents the police from going to high-risk areas. 由于害怕遭到伏击，员警不敢去高风险地区巡逻。
lie/wait in ambush
■If someone lies in/waits in ambush, they hide and wait for someone in order to attack them. 埋伏下来等待发动袭击
n. 埋伏，伏击；伏兵
 - lurk
vt. 埋伏，伏击
 - waylay
vi. 埋伏
 - lurk

Word: creepy
Front: creepy
[ˈkri:pi] (11324/23938 -1)
Vocabulary: creepy
(once / 5015 pages)
adj
Something is creepy if it feels like tiny things are crawling on you. The sensation of a spider on your arm is creepy.
Ladybugs are pretty, but it still feels creepy when they crawl across your hand. Another kind of creepy feeling is something that gives you an unpleasant chill, like a creepy ghost story or the creepy sound of footsteps in your attic at night. The earliest meaning of creepy was simply "characterized by creeping," so in the 18th century you'd be creepy if you were simply tip-toeing quietly through your house.
WORD FAMILY
creepy: creepier, creepiest, creepily, creepiness+/ creep: creeped, creeper, creeping, creeps, creepy, crept/creeper: creepers/creeping: creepings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"This looks so creepy," said one user on Twitter.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
This woman appears a few times, creepily hovering like the girl from “The Ring,” but that’s all we get.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Bennett Miller follows Foxcatcher, the intense story of a deeply creepy and disturbed billionaire wrestling fan who turns murderer with … a cheery Dickens Yuletide classic.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人毛骨悚然的; 令人不寒而栗的; 慢慢爬行的; 讨好老师的
级别：creepier, creepiest
分布：怪异的(100%)
['kri:.pi] informal
adjective
■strange or unnatural and making you feel frightened 怪异的，令人毛骨悚然的；让人起鸡皮疙瘩的
• a creepy film 令人毛骨悚然的电影
• a creepy smile 怪异可怕的微笑
adj. 令人毛骨悚然的；爬行的
 - spine-chilling, spookish

Word: Croatian
Front: Croatian
[krəʊ'eɪʃ(ə)n] (11282/9380)
Back: n. 克罗地亚人；克罗地亚语
adj. 克罗地亚人的；克罗地亚语的
分布：名词(100%)
US [kroʊ-] adjective
■Croatian 克罗埃西亚的

Word: Anglo
Front: Anglo
['æŋɡləʊ] (11347/20577)
Back: n. 英国人
分布：盎格鲁(85%)，英裔美国人(5%)，不列颠的(5%)，英国的(5%)
COMB in ADJ
（加在表示国家、民族的形容词之前构成新的形容词）表示“英国的”，“英国和…的”
Anglo- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe something connected with relations between Britain and another country.
例：...the future of Anglo-American relations.英美关系的未来
例：...the Anglo-Irish Agreement.《英爱协议》
COMB in ADJ
（加在表示国家、民族的形容词之前构成新的形容词）表示“英裔的”
Anglo- combines with adjectives indicating nationality to form adjectives which describe a person who has one British parent and one non-British parent.
例：He was born of Anglo-American parentage.他是英美混血儿。

Word: incorporation
Front: incorporation
[ɪnˌkɔ:pə'reɪʃn] (托 11299/9153)
Vocabulary: incorporation
(once / 4229 pages)
n
Incorporation is making something part of a whole. The incorporation of egg yolks into a hot liquid must be done slowly so the eggs don't curdle.
Incorporation can also refer to making a company a legal corporation, and the "Inc." after many company names stands for "Incorporated." If you're starting a new business, you should look into the laws regarding incorporation in your state, to see if incorporating would make sense for you. When territory is acquired and taken into a larger body, that's also incorporation. The incorporation of your small neighborhood park into the county parks system will help preserve it as a green space.
WORD FAMILY
incorporation: incorporations+/ incorporate: incorporated, incorporates, incorporating, incorporation, incorporative, re-incorporate/ incorporated: unincorporated
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Center for Public Integrity review of Texas incorporation records found the Opening Day Foundation was created less than a week ago, on Dec. 14.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
It added: “Incorporation of a company in the Bahamas does not decrease ExxonMobil’s tax liability in the country where the entity generates its income.”
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
It said two issues were outstanding: the reporting line of the Openreach CEO and the form of legal incorporation.
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 团结; 合并; 编入; 法人组织
分布：合并(66%)，包含(23%)，组成公司(11%)
VERB
包含;吸收
If one thing incorporates another thing, it includes the other thing.
例：The new cars will incorporate a number of major improvements.新款汽车会有若干重大改进。
VERB
把…合并;使并入
If someone or something is incorporated into a large group, system, or area, they become a part of it.
例：The agreement would allow the rebels to be incorporated into a new national police force...协议将允许把叛军收编入一支新的国家警备部队。
例：The party vowed to incorporate environmental considerations into all its policies.该党宣誓要把环境因素纳入它所有的政策当中。
n. 公司；合并，编入；团体组织
 - corporation, establishment, company, marriage, merger

Word: taboo
Front: taboo
[təˈbu:] (研雅宝 11305/10404 -1)
Vocabulary: taboo
(once / 1915 pages)
nadjv
Something considered taboo is naughty, something society considers a no-no. For example, it is taboo to ask people how much money they earn.
Taboo is one of those rare words in the English language that doesn't have Greek or Latin or French roots, coming instead from the South Pacific Islands in the eighteenth century via the explorer Captain Cook. For many islanders some things were tabu, meaning not only could they not be done but they could not be talked about either for risk of offending the Gods. This latter meaning still applies today (minus the spiritual underpinning), when we say that certain subjects are "taboo," meaning off-limits for discussion.
WORD FAMILY
taboo: tabooed, tabooing, taboos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Taboo also reunites Hardy with his Peaky Blinders and Locke collaborator, writer Steven Knight.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
“It’s a taboo, to mess with flan,” Mr. Meana said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Divorce is taboo in the country, especially for women.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 禁忌; 忌讳; 戒律; 禁忌的事物（或行为）
adj. 禁忌的，忌讳的
vt. 把…列为禁忌，禁止
分布：禁忌(82%)，禁忌的(15%)，禁止接近(2%)，禁止使用(1%)
→由英国 18 世纪著名航海家库克船长带入英国，来自太平洋小岛某土著语言 ta-bu,神圣的。
【记】读：他不，他不能这样，因为忌讳
[tə'bu:] (plural taboos)
noun countable
■(an action or word) avoided for religious or social reasons （宗教或社会习俗方面的）禁忌，忌讳；禁忌的，忌讳的
• In this society there is a taboo on/against any sort of public display of affection. 在这个社会里，人们忌讳当众示爱。
• For some people, death is a taboo subject. 对有些人而言，死亡是个忌讳的话题。
n. 禁忌；禁止
 - ban, don't
adj. 禁忌的；忌讳的
 - ticklish
vt. 禁忌；禁止
 - bar, inhibit

Word: symposium
Front: symposium
[sɪmˈpəʊziəm] (研六雅宝 11312/12608 -1)
Vocabulary: symposium
(once / 6179 pages)
n
A symposium is a public meeting about a topic in which people give presentations. If your knitting club holds a symposium, various knitters will give presentations about anything having to do with knitting.
A symposium can be a one-time conference or a regular meeting, but it will probably include some amount of discussion or public speeches on a particular subject. Many people who attend symposiums will be part of the audience for many of the presentations, but during the course of the event, give their own presentation or be part of a panel discussion.
WORD FAMILY
symposium: symposia, symposiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
In another agreement, a government scientist was barred even from disclosing sensitive information she heard at a symposium run by Monsanto.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The finished products were presented at a symposium last week in the Indiana Memorial Union.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
On Friday, the University of Wisconsin’s Elections Research Center held a symposium analyzing the 2016 election.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 专题讨论会，座谈会，学术报告会; 专题论文集; （古希腊）酒宴，宴会
分布：讨论会(82%)，论文集(13%)，酒会(5%)
→来自拉丁语 symposium,饮酒会，讨论会，来自希腊语 symposion,饮酒会，讨论会，来自 sym-, 一起，posis,喝，饮，来自 poi,喝，词源同 poison,potion,potable.来自古希腊时期文人、 学士、哲学家、智者等欢聚一堂举杯共饮，在欢快的气氛中就某一话题进行热烈探讨的习俗。
专题讨论会(sym+pos放+ium→放在一起(讨论)→专题讨论)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
n.讨论会,专题报告会;专题论文集
【记】sym＝same，pos放，ium地点－把共同的问题放在一起－研讨会
US [-'poʊ-] (plural symposiums or symposia) formal
noun countable
■an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest 研讨会，论坛，专题讨论会
• a symposium on European cinema 欧洲电影研讨会
n. 讨论会，座谈会；专题论文集；酒宴，宴会
 - forum, consultation, seminar

Word: neutrino
Front: neutrino
[nju:ˈtri:nəʊ] (11328/18090)
Back: n. 中微子
分布：中微子(100%)
→来自neutron,中子，-ino,意大利小词后缀。

Word: birdie
Front: birdie
[ˈbɜ:di] (11341/17509 -2)
Back: n. 小鸟儿; 小鸟球（高尔夫中指某洞的杆数低于标准杆一杆）
vt. 高尔夫中以低于标准杆一杆的成绩打进
时态：birdied, birdying, birdies
分布：以低于标准杆的一击得分(50%)，高尔夫球中得分低于标准杆的一击(50%)
小鸟(bird鸟)[-ie表名词"小东西或人"]
US ['bɝ:-] noun countable
BIRD 鸟 child's word
■a small bird 小鸟
UK ['bɜ:.di] US ['bɝ:-] noun countable
GOLF 高尔夫球
■(in golf) getting the ball into the hole in one shot (= hit) less than par (= the expected number) for that hole （高尔夫球）小鸟击，小鸟球，博蒂（比标准杆少一杆入洞）
UK ['bɜ:.di] US ['bɝ:-] noun countable
NET GAME 线上游戏 US for shuttlecock 羽毛球运动
UK ['bɜ:.di] US ['bɝ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
■(in golf) to get a birdie for a particular hole （高尔夫球）小鸟击，博蒂
• He birdied the fifth and the eighteenth and finished two strokes under par. 他的第5球和第18球入洞都是小鸟击，所以最终低于标准杆两杆。
n. 小鸟；小鸟球（高尔夫中指某洞的杆数低于标准杆一杆）
 - Little Bird, tody

Word: six-month

Word: clarification
Front: clarification
[ˌklærəfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 11316/8909)
Vocabulary: clarification
(once / 10034 pages)
n
Clarification is what you hope to achieve when you make an idea or concept less confusing and easier to understand. This often happens after a detailed or very clear explanation.
Loudspeaker announcements in bus terminals and train stations are always so muffled and difficult to understand that it would be nice if you could at least find someone afterward who could provide clarification. In the realm of science, clarification is also the act of removing solid particles from a liquid so that it is more pure and, in some cases, so that it is transparent.
WORD FAMILY
clarification: clarifications+/ clarify: clarification, clarified, clarifies, clarifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
His aides did not immediately respond to questions seeking clarification.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
France’s governing socialist immediately demanded clarification, calling the reported amount “astronomical.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
When the agency contacts the counties for clarification, corrections staffers often don’t hear back.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （液体的）澄清; 净化; 澄清法; （意义等的）澄清、说明
分布：澄清(95%)，阐明(5%)
澄清;纯化[clear,clar,clair=clear,bright,表示"清楚,明白"]
解释,澄清(clarify澄清)[-ification表名词,由ific变化而来]
US [ˌkler-] noun countable or uncountable
■an explanation or more details which makes something clear or easier to understand 阐明，说明
• Some further clarification of your position is needed. 还需进一步阐明你的立场。
n. [化工] 澄清，说明；净化
 - explanation, notes, purification, legend, illustration

Word: deference
Front: deference
[ˈdefərəns] (托宝 11329/11323 -1)
Vocabulary: deference
(once / 698 pages)
n
Sure you wear ripped jeans to school every day, but you don't wear them to your grandmother's house out of deference to her. When you show deference to someone, you make a gesture of respect.
The noun deference goes with the verb defer, which means "to yield to someone's opinions or wishes out of respect for that person." If you and your dad disagree about the best route to the grocery store, you might defer to him, and take his route. You're taking his route out of deference to his opinion and greater experience.
WORD FAMILY
deference: deferences, deferential +/ defer: deferent, deferment, deferral, deferred, deferring, defers/deferent: deference, deferently/ deferential: deferentially, undeferential/ deferment: deferments/deferral: deferrals
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Sensitive and perceptive as he is, he becomes, in his new moneyed condition, a snob, amused by the new deference which greets him everywhere.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Will there be the potential for some level of deference?
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 顺从; 依从; 尊重; 敬重
分布：顺从(73%)，敬重(27%)
→来自defer, 遵从，顺从。
尊敬(defer+ence)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【反】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻）；contempt（n 轻视；不尊敬）；
US [-ɚ-] formal
noun uncountable
■respect and politeness 尊重，尊敬
• He treats her with such deference. 他非常尊重她。
• She covered her head out of/in deference to (= because of a polite respect for) Muslim custom. 出于对穆斯林习俗的尊重，她把头蒙了起来。
n. 顺从
 - compliance, Friend VS Lover

Word: felon
Front: felon
[ˈfelən] (宝 11315/27392)
Vocabulary: felon
(once / 2347 pages)
1n 2n
Technically, a felon is anyone who's been convicted of a serious crime, but you can use felon to describe anyone you think has done something terrible.
For a felon, it's being paraded in handcuffs in front of the public that can be the worst part of being convicted. In some countries, you're considered a felon simply because the king says that you are. Here in the U.S., though, you're innocent until proven guilty, at which point people can call you a felon. My boyfriend took the dog, the TV, and my expensive French sauté pan after we broke up. If you ever run into the felon, please kick him in the shins, and tell him he's a criminal.
WORD FAMILY
felon: felons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s not impossible but it’s tough. Once you’re labeled as a felon, a lot of people shut their door on you,” Mulitauaopele said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I later worked at a parole reentry halfway house for felons serving time in federal prisons.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Gaines is currently being jailed on two counts of felon in possession of a firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 重罪犯; 瘭疽; 甲沟炎; 指头脓炎
adj. <古>残忍的，残暴的，邪恶的
分布：重罪犯(100%)
→词源不确定。一种说法认为来自拉丁词根fe, 吮吸，特指男人之间的口交，在古罗马时期这种行为是为人所不耻的和被鄙视的，因而引申该词义。
重罪犯(来自拉丁文fello,意为恶棍)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】犯了重罪的人头就会被fell到地上on。Fall在罪恶之上on的人－重罪犯
【参】felony（n 重罪：谋杀、强奸等）
noun countable legal
■a person who is guilty of a serious crime 重罪犯
n. [法] 重罪犯；瘭疽；恶棍
 - tough, devil

Word: pro-life
Front: pro-life
[prəuˈlaif] (-1)
Back: adj. 反对人工流产合法化的，反堕胎的; 反堕胎的
分布：尤其通过反对堕胎合法化)(50%)，反堕胎的(主张对胚胎或胎儿的全面法律保护的(50%)
→pro-,拥护，支持，亲，life,生命。比喻用法。
US [ˌproʊ-] adjective
■opposed to the belief that a pregnant woman should have the freedom to choose an abortion (= the intentional ending of pregnancy) if she does not want to have a baby 反对人工流产的，反堕胎的 Compare pro-choice

Word: chancellor
Front: chancellor
['tʃɑ:nsələ(r)] (研雅宝 11335/2364)
Vocabulary: chancellor
(once / 1766 pages)
n
Use the noun chancellor to describe the president of your college, or the head of the German government.
The word chancellor is often capitalized, depending on whom it's being used to describe. Many governments use the term to describe people with varying amounts of power, from the head of state to judges and financial officials. The head of a university is frequently called a chancellor too. The Latin root is cancellarius, an usher or guard in a court of law.
WORD FAMILY
chancellor: chancellery, chancellors, chancellorship+/chancellery: chancelleries/chancellorship: chancellorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Teachers in D.C. public schools will welcome a new chancellor in February.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The chancellor will also talk about Germany’s democracy and values as being the opposite of the “hate-filled world of terrorism” and “stronger than terrorism”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He returned to the university in 1978 as vice chancellor for research and dean of the graduate college.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 大臣; （某些美国大学的）校长; （德国或奥地利的）总理; （英国大学的）名誉校长
分布：总理(51%)，大臣(46%)，大法官(2%)，名誉校长(1%)
→来自拉丁词cancellus, 斜栅。词源同cancel, chancery. 原指法庭入口斜栅处的引导员，后词义不断扩大，代指各部门的高官。比较marshal, 将军，原指国王马夫。
n.(英)大臣;法官;(德,奥)总理;大学校长In Britain, the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支.
【记】chance（n 机会）：靠机会的人－高级官员，一有机会就往上爬chan拼：搀（扶），cellor＝cellar地下室。这些总理大臣们都比较老，需要搀扶才能进入地下室。
US ['tʃænt.səl.ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person in a position of the highest or high rank, especially in a government or university （政府）大臣，总理，大法官；（大学）校长
• Helmut Kohl became the first Chancellor of a united Germany in 1990. 赫尔穆特‧科尔于1990年成为德国统一后的首任总理。
• A former politician has been appointed Chancellor of the university. 一位昔日的政治家获委任为大学校长。
n. 总理（德、奥等的）；（英）大臣；校长（美国某些大学的）；（英）大法官；（美）首席法官
 - president, secretary, premier, principal

Word: recourse
Front: recourse
[rɪˈkɔ:s] (托宝 11337/8741 -1)
Vocabulary: recourse
(once / 889 pages)
n
Recourse is a source of help. If you're failing trigonometry in spite of studying until your brain hurts, you may have no recourse but to hire a tutor.
Recourse comes from the Latin word recursus, meaning “to run back or retreat.” People seek recourse from such difficulties as debt, illness and legal woes, so you can think of recourse as the words "retreating from curses" squished together. For the record, though, the cursus in recursus means course, not curse. Actually, no one knows where the word curse comes from. There may be some connection between cursus and curses, but then again, there may not be.
WORD FAMILY
recourse: recourses+/ course: coursed, courses, coursing, recourse /coursing: coursings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That means changing your wife’s family or staying home — i.e., the unwavering “no!” — isn’t your only recourse.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
And no serious constitutional recourse seems to remain.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
“There’s no recourse from the state on what they’re doing to people’s lives. That’s my biggest problem with all of this.”
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 求援; 追索权; 依赖; 所依靠的物[人]
分布：追索权(44%)，求助(34%)，依赖(22%)
→re-,向后，往回，-cour,跑，词源同 course,current.即跑回来，引申词义求助，依靠。
依赖,求助(re回+course→跑回来→求助)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】re反，cour＝cur跑，se：跑回来求助re反，course（n 过程；路线）：沿着回家的路线回来求助
US ['ri:.kɔ:rs] formal
noun uncountable
■using something or someone as a way of getting help, especially in a difficult or dangerous situation （尤指在艰难或危险的情况下）依靠，依赖，求助
• It is hoped that the dispute will be settled without recourse to litigation. 人们希望这场争端能够不透过对簿公堂在私下解决。
n. 求援，求助； [经] 追索权；依赖；救生索
 - dependence on, life-line

Word: sunscreen
Front: sunscreen
[ˈsʌnskri:n] (9978/29183 -1)
Back: n. （防晒油中的）遮光剂; 防晒霜
分布：防晒霜(100%)
→sun,太阳，screen,屏风，挡板。比喻用法。
['sʌn.skri:n] (also sunblock)
noun countable or uncountable
■a substance which you put on your skin to prevent it from being burnt by the sun 防晒乳，防晒油
n. （防晒油中的）遮光剂
 - opacifier, opaquer

Word: janitor
Front: janitor
[ˈdʒænɪtə(r)] (雅 11334/40302)
Vocabulary: janitor
(once / 3103 pages)
n
A janitor is someone whose job is cleaning and maintaining a building. If your school always looks clean and orderly, be sure to thank the janitor.
Another name for a janitor is a custodian, or in Britain, a caretaker. This job involves cleaning and caring for a school, hospital, apartment building, or workplace. Janitors may be responsible for cleaning bathrooms, hallways, and other common areas. Sometimes janitors will also sweep sidewalks, shovel snow, or do other outdoor maintenance. In the 16th century, a janitor was a "doorkeeper," from the Latin ianitor, "doorkeeper or porter," and the root ianua, "door."
WORD FAMILY
janitor: janitors
USAGE EXAMPLES
He studied there for at least five years, simultaneously working as the school janitor, before graduating in the 1930s.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In 2013, stricken with arthritis, Ms. Thompson quit her job as a janitor.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Episode of the year: Start with the addictive first episode, in which Julian the janitor sets the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 看门人; 看管房屋的人; 锅炉工
分布：管理员(48%)，门卫(34%)，门警(18%)
→来自拉丁语ianitor,看门人，词源同January.
看门人(jan门+itor)[-itor表名词"人"]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable US and Scottish for caretaker (BUILDING WORKER)
n. 看门人；守卫；门警；幽门
 - guard, gatekeeper

Word: purport
Front: purport
[pəˈpɔ:t] (托宝 11339/8820 -1)
Vocabulary: purport
(once / 1106 pages)
vn
Use purport when you want to convince people about something that might not be true, like when you purport that the dog ate your homework.
The verb purport can mean "to claim" — whether you mean it or not — or "to intend," like when you purport to study all night. So it makes sense that as a noun, purport means the intention or purpose, like the purport of a political candidate's speech was to get your vote. If the speech was long and hard to follow, you might be lucky just to get the purport, which here means "the main point or meaning."
WORD FAMILY
purport: purported, purportedly, purporting, purports
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish media also showed video purported to be of the suspect.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Here is what Hughes purported to be her logic:
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The defendants include purported Hobos boss Gregory Chester and accused gang hit man Paris Poe.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 声称; 意图; 意味着; 打算
n. 意义，要旨; 目的，意图
时态：purported, purporting, purports
分布：声称(43%)，意义(25%)，意图(20%)，意味着(4%)，大要(4%)，要旨(4%)
→pur-,向前，-port,含有，承载，词源同porter,comport.引申词义自称，标榜等。
要领;大意(pur[=per全部]+port→全部拿到一起→要领,大意)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
【记】源于：purpose（n 目的；意图）
US [pɜ˞ːˈpɔːrt/
■to pretend to be or to do something, especially in a way that is not easy to believe 声称，标榜
• They purport to represent the wishes of the majority of parents at the school. 他们声称自己代表了该校大多数学生家长的期望。
• The study purports to show an increase in the incidence of the disease. 该研究据称显示出这种疾病的发病率在上升。
• The tape recording purports to be of a conversation between the princess and a secret admirer. 这盒录音带据称是王妃和她的一个秘密爱慕者之间的谈话。
formal
noun uncountable UK [ˈpɜː.pɔːt] US [ˈpɜ˞ː.pɔːrt/
■the general meaning of someone's words or actions 大意，主旨
• I didn't read it all but I think the purport of the letter was that he will not be returning for at least a year. 我没有把信读完，但我想这封信的大意是说他至少一年不回来。
vt. 声称；意图；意指；打算
 - say, propose, think
n. 意义，主旨；意图
 - significance, intention, meaning, substance, will

Word: adversity
Front: adversity
[ədˈvɜ:səti] (托 11343/14307 -1)
Vocabulary: adversity
(once / 1394 pages)
n
When circumstances or situations work against you, you face adversity. Refugees from war-torn countries encounter terrible adversity.
Adversity, a noun which has been part of the English language for over 800 years, comes from the Latin adversus, literally "turned against," and figuratively "hostile or unfavorable." When things seem against you — circumstances or a stoke of bad luck — you are facing adversity. Sometimes people use a form of the phrase "turning adversity into opportunity." This refers to the ability some people or companies have to take a bad situation and make it into a successful one.
WORD FAMILY
adversity: adversities+/ adverse: adversely, adversity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They’re trained to deal with and overcome problems, and in farming, there’s a lot of adversity and a lot of problem-solving.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
When faced with adversity and disappointment, it is often comforting to look inward to the essence of being.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
We want to be as steadfast in adversity as they are.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 逆境; 不幸; 灾难
分布：逆境(81%)，不幸(10%)，灾难(9%)
【记】ad朝向，vers移转，ity名次后缀－转来坏运气－灾难
【区】adversary n 敌手，对手，ary结尾表示人adversity以ity结尾，是普通名词。或记：以sity＝city结尾，一般来说，城市比较容易遇到灾难，比如：纽约遭受的恐怖袭击。
US [-'vɝ:.sə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■a difficult or unlucky situation or event 逆境；不幸；厄运
• She was always cheerful in adversity. 身处逆境时，她也从不垂头丧气。
• The road to happiness is paved with adversities. 通往幸福的道路上荆棘满途。
n. 逆境；不幸；灾难；灾祸
 - disaster, tragedy, evil, grief

Word: slit
Front: slit
[slɪt] (研四六托雅宝 11326/10391 -1)
Back: vt. 切开，撕开; 使有狭缝
n. 狭长切口; 裂缝; 投币口
时态：slit, slitting, slits
分布：裂缝(49%)，切开(25%)，撕裂(13%)，使成狭缝(9%)，狭长的切口(4%)
→来自古英语 slitan,撕开，来自 Proto-Germanic*slitan,撕开，来自 sled,撕开，词源同 slat,slate. 引申词义切口，狭缝，裂缝等。
v.切开,截开,纵割n.细长裂缝,狭长切口I slit open the letter with a knife.我用一把小刀把信裁开.
【记】源于：split（v /n 劈开）；slice（v /n 切开；切片）
verb transitive (slitting, slit, slit)
■to make a long straight narrow cut in something 撕裂，切开；在…上开狭长裂缝
• He slit open the envelope with a knife. 他用刀将信封裁开。
• She killed herself by slitting her wrists. 她割腕自杀了。
• He was found the next day with his throat slit. 第二天有人发现他被割断了喉咙。
• She was wearing one of those skirts that's slit up the front. 她穿了一条那种前面开衩的裙子。
[slɪt] noun countable
■a straight narrow cut or opening in something 裂缝
• Make a small slit in each chicken breast and push in a piece of garlic. 在每块鸡胸上切个小口，塞进一瓣蒜。
vt. 撕裂；使有狭缝
 - tear, lancinate
n. 裂缝；投币口
 - crack, split

Word: medically
Front: medically
['medɪklɪ] (11340/18471)
Back: adv. 医学上地，医药上地; 体格上地
分布：医学上(67%)，医疗上(33%)
ADJ
医学的;医疗的;医术的
Medical means relating to illness and injuries and to their treatment or prevention.
例：Several police officers received medical treatment for cuts and bruises.几名警官因割伤和擦伤而接受了医治。
例：...the medical profession.医疗行业
N-COUNT
体格检查;体检
A medical is a thorough examination of your body by a doctor, for example before you start a new job.

Word: kernel
Front: kernel
[ˈkɜ:nl] (六托雅宝 11338/15625 -1)
Vocabulary: kernel
(once / 1553 pages)
n
Whether it’s the kernel of a pistachio nut or the kernel of wisdom in a story, kernel can refer to the center or essential part of something.
The word kernel traces back to the Old English word cyrnel, which is related to corn. If you have ever eaten corn on the cob, you ate the kernels. Popcorn is made by heating corn kernels until they explode, or "pop." Like these examples, sometimes kernel means "a small bit" or "single piece," as in a story someone tells you that couldn't possibly have happened as described, but still has a kernel of truth about human nature.
WORD FAMILY
kernel: kernelling, kernels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Back in the day, the worst thing people did was hide in a ditch and hurl field corn kernels at passing cars.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Watch, as someone else not from Chicago sneaks back and fastidiously separates the flavors back into their original partitions, kernel by kernel.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
The beat shifts dramatically and they start bouncing in synch with it, arms waving, streamers flying, dancing like exploding kernels in an arena-sized popcorn machine .
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 核心; 要点; 谷粒; 核
v. 把…包在核内
分布：核心(71%)，仁(18%)，中心(7%)，精髓(4%)
→kern-,核，谷物，词源同corn,-el,小词后缀。引申词义果仁，核，核心。
【记】kern＝corn（n 谷物）
【区】kennel（n 狗窝）中间有两个象狗窝的nn
US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
PLANT PART 植物部分
■the part of a nut that is inside the shell and can be eaten （坚果可食用的）仁，核
■the whole seed of the maize plant （玉米的）颗粒，粒
UK ['kɜ:.nəl] US ['kɝ:-] noun countable
IMPORTANT PART 核心
■the most important part of something, although it might not always be easy to find 核心，中心，要点
• There is often a kernel of truth in what they say. 他们的话里常包含些真理。
n. 核心，要点； [计] 内核； [植] 仁； [粮食] 麦粒，谷粒；精髓
 - quick, main, heart, essential, nucleus

Word: grace
Vocabulary: grace
(once / 45 pages)
1nv 2n
Grace commonly refers to a smooth and pleasing way of moving, or a polite and thoughtful way of behaving. But when someone says they were late to the airport and only made it onto their plane by the grace of God, they're talking about grace in the context of God's favor.
When used in the plural, the social graces are the skills needed for being polite. If you are "in someone's good graces," they regard you with favor. In Middle English, the word grace originally meant "God's favor or help," a sense that we still use today. The related word gracious originally meant "filled with God's favor or help." Grace was borrowed from Old French, from Latin gratia "pleasing quality, favor, thanks," from gratus "pleasing."
WORD FAMILY
grace: disgrace, graced, graceful, graceless, graces, gracing, gracious +/ disgrace: disgraced, disgraceful, disgraces, disgracing/disgraceful: disgracefulest, disgracefully, disgracefulness/ graceful: gracefuler, gracefulest, gracefully, gracefulness, ungraceful/gracefulness: gracefulnesses/ graceless: gracelessly, gracelessness/gracelessness: gracelessnesses/ gracious: graciousest, graciously, graciousness, ungracious/graciousness: graciousnesses/ungraceful: ungracefully, ungracefulness/ungracious: ungraciously, ungraciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
We are simply beneficiaries of their good graces, and prisoners of their rages.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That is, government should provide, as an act of grace — systematic grace — a role for parents in raising their children.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Long-range shots weren’t necessary; they were graced with layups and open looks inside 10 feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)

Word: button
Front: button
[ˈbʌtn] (高研四六 2645/2977 -K3)
Vocabulary: button
(once / 252 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A button is a small, flat, round object often found on clothing. It can also describe the round disc you press to turn on an electronic device, like the button you push to turn on your computer.
The noun button also can refer to the little round billboards people pin to their clothes to display their favorite political candidate, band, organization, or saying. Button can also be a verb, which describes the act of fastening buttons, like when you button your shirt. Or if you work at an electronics factory, your job might be to button, or attach buttons to, a cell phone.
WORD FAMILY
button: buttoned, buttoning, buttonlike, buttons, buttony, unbutton+/unbutton: unbuttoned, unbuttoning, unbuttons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was like some demon had crawled into my friend’s soul and pushed a crazy, angry button,” Robertson writes.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
And living up to his nickname “Silent Cal,” Coolidge “refused to speak, but he did agree to push the button,” Feiker said.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
On the next screen, click the Change My Name button.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 按钮，电钮; 纽扣，扣子; 扣状物; [植]芽
vt. 用纽扣扣紧; 用纽扣装饰，钉钮扣于; 在…上装钮扣
vi. 扣住; 装有钮扣; 扣上钮扣
时态：buttoned, buttoning, buttons
分布：按钮(93%)，纽扣(5%)，扣上纽扣(1%)，用纽扣装饰(1%)
→butt, 撞，同beat. -on, 小词后缀。
n.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣The button utters in mutter, "The butterfly likes the buttered earthnut/peanut."按钮咕哝着发出声音说:"蝴蝶喜欢涂了奶油的花生."
US ['bʌtˌ-] noun countable
ON CLOTHING 衣服上
 IMPROVER
■a small, usually circular object used to fasten something, for example a shirt or coat 钮扣，扣子
• I did up/undid (= fastened/unfastened) the buttons on my blouse. 我扣上／解开衬衫上的钮扣。
UK ['bʌt.ən] US ['bʌtˌ-] noun countable
ON MACHINE 机器上
 IMPROVER
■a small, sometimes circular object which you press to operate a device or a machine, or an area on a computer screen which looks and acts like one of these 按钮
• He inserted the cassette and pressed the 'play' button. 他插入卡式带，按下“播放”按钮。
UK ['bʌt.ən] US ['bʌtˌ-] noun countable
at the push of a button
■very easily 轻易地
• You can't expect to get everything you need at the push of a button. 你不能指望轻易地得到自己需要的一切。
UK ['bʌt.ən] US ['bʌtˌ-] noun countable
right on the button
■exactly correct 非常正确
• She was right on the button when she said I'd regret moving out. 她说得太对了，我的确后悔搬了出去。
UK ['bʌt.ən] US ['bʌtˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to fasten something, usually a piece of clothing, using buttons 扣上（…的）钮扣
• Button (up) your coat, it's cold out. 把大衣扣上，外面很冷。
UK ['bʌt.ən] US ['bʌtˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
button it informal
■a rude way of telling someone to stop talking 住口，闭嘴
• Button it, OK! I'm trying to think. 住口，好嘛！我在想办法了。
n. [电] 按钮；钮扣
 - pushbutton, press-button
vt. 扣住；扣紧；在…上装钮扣
 - infibulate, buckle
vi. 扣住；装有钮扣；扣上钮扣
 - buckle

Word: corroborate
Front: corroborate
[kəˈrɒbəreɪt] (托宝 11342/18926 -1)
Vocabulary: corroborate
(once / 1334 pages)
v
To corroborate is to back someone else’s story. If you swear to your teacher that you didn't throw the spitball, and your friends corroborate your story by promising that you were concentrating on math homework, she might actually believe you.
For example, a witness in court corroborates the testimony of others, and further experimentation can corroborate a scientific theory. Near synonyms are substantiate and confirm. Corroborate, originally meaning "to support or strengthen," was borrowed from Latin corrōborāre, formed from the prefix cor- "completely" plus rōborāre "to strengthen" (from rōbur "strength").
WORD FAMILY
corroborate: corroborated, corroborates, corroborating, corroboration, corroborative, corroboratory+/corroborated: uncorroborated/ corroboration: corroborations/corroborative: corroboratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mobile phone data for all three men corroborated Ismail's statement that they were present in the area at the time Sarakat was delivered there.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
My own “investigation” corroborated the pecan pickers’ poll.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
However, other inmates questioned independently by human rights workers at the penal colony corroborated Mr. Dadin’s claims.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）; 使（信仰等）坚定; 使巩固，使加强
n. 确证者，证物
时态：corroborated, corroborating, corroborates
分布：证实(66%)，确证(34%)
→cor-, 强调。-rob, 强壮，词源同robust.
证实(cor+robor力量+ate→用力量→证实)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
证实;加强(cor共同+robor+ate→共同有力量→加强,证实)[rabor=strength,表示"力量"]
【记】robor力量（读：萝卜）－加强力量－支持，强化cor共同，robor＝robot机器人，ate吃：一堆机器人一起吃饭，为了增强体力，建设祖国。
【参】corroborant（adj 使强壮的；n 强壮剂）＝roborant；corroborative（adj 确定的；证实的）
【反】controvert（v 辩论；反驳）；deny（v 拒绝；否认）
US [-'rɑ:.bə-] formal
verb transitive
■to add proof to an account, statement, idea, etc. with new information 证实，确证
• Recent research seems to corroborate his theory. 最新研究似乎证实了他的理论。
vt. 证实；使坚固
 - favor, make sure, validate, sustain

Word: deserving
Front: deserving
[dɪˈzɜ:vɪŋ] (11349/11308 -1)
Back: adj. 值得的; 应得的; 有功的; 值得帮助的
v. 应得; 值得; 应得报酬; 应得赔偿
分布：值得的(74%)，动词deserve的现在分词形式.(13%)，应得的赏罚(13%)
US [-'zɝ:-] adjective
■If people or things are deserving, they should be helped because they have good qualities 值得支持的，值得帮助的
• a deserving cause/charity 值得支持的事业／慈善机构
be deserving of sth formal
■to deserve to get something 应该获得，应该得到
• His efforts are certainly deserving of praise. 他的努力当然值得表彰。
UK [dɪ'zɜ:.vɪŋ] US [-'zɝ:-] adjective
the deserving poor old-fashioned
■people who are poor but have good qualities and are not responsible for having little money 应得到救助的穷人（因非主观原因而贫穷、本质很好的人）
adj. 值得的；应得的；有功的
 - worthy, due, just

Word: incite
Front: incite
[ɪnˈsaɪt] (托雅宝 11352/15494 -1)
Vocabulary: incite
(once / 1083 pages)
v
To incite is to cause to act or occur. Violent words can incite violent actions which, in turn, might incite public outcry against violence.
Incite comes from a Latin verb meaning "to move into action" and if you incite someone to do something, that is exactly how to describe it. Usually it is used in a negative context. Radical and intolerant teachings can incite hatred in those who listen. And if a government restricts its people too much, it can incite unrest and rebellion in the population.
WORD FAMILY
incite: incitation, incited, incitement, inciter, incites, inciting, incitive+/incitation: incitations/incitement: incitements/inciter: inciters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president did not speak from fear or seek to incite it.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
On the Friday 23 December police confirmed they were investigating prominent Christian rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
But according to Saleh, the camera was there not to incite but to document the events as they unfolded.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 刺激; 激励; 煽动; 促使
时态：incited, inciting, incites
分布：煽动(69%)，刺激(18%)，激励(13%)
→in-,进入，使，-cit,移动，运动，召唤，词源同cite,excite,cinema.引申词义煽动，刺激。
鼓励,[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
【记】in进入，cite剌激，唤起－唤起情绪－煽动被incite就会excite
【参】excite（vt 刺激；使兴奋）；recite（v 背诵；朗读）
【反】pacify（vt 使平静；安慰；抚慰）；incitant（adj 刺激的）－insensible（adj 无知觉的）
verb transitive
■to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent 鼓动；煽动
• She incited racial hatred by distributing anti-Semitic leaflets. 她派发反犹太传单煽动种族仇恨。
• [+ to infinitive] She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers. 她因煽动同学反对老师而被开除。
• They denied inciting the crowd to violence. 他们否认煽动群众闹事。
vt. 煽动；激励；刺激
 - fan, stimulate, egg, power

Word: hamlet
Front: hamlet
[ˈhæmlət] (托 9947/7917 -1)
Vocabulary: hamlet
(once / 1674 pages)
n
That small settlement you pass through along a country road is not just a cluster of houses. It’s a hamlet.
You may be familiar with Shakespeare’s famous play describing the plight of the doomed prince Hamlet. Remember the meaning of the common noun hamlet this way: Picture an alternate Hamlet cheerfully living in a small village in the country (a hamlet), without family tension or the need to avenge his father. Does that help?
WORD FAMILY
hamlet: hamlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friday near the hamlet of Dover Plains in Dutchess County.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
If a hamlet detracted from his composition, he moved it.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Some nearby hamlets are abandoned because residents decamped in fear.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 村子; 〈英〉（无教堂的）小村庄; 〈比喻〉优柔寡断的人; 哈姆雷特
分布：小村(76%)，哈姆雷特(18%)，部落(6%)
→ham-,即home,家，家园，村庄，-let,小词后缀。见Beckham.
noun countable
■a small village, usually without a church （通常没有教堂的）小村庄
n. 小村庄
 - thorp, clachan

Word: impatience
Front: impatience
[ɪm'peɪʃns] (11344/9012)
Vocabulary: impatience
(once / 412 pages)
n
Impatience is the tendency to be irritable or easily frustrated. A bus driver's impatience often results in her yelling, honking her horn, and gesturing angrily at other drivers.
If you are easily annoyed or provoked, your impatience is showing. Impatience is also why you hate being late, or having to wait for something or someone. It comes from patience, the habit or trait of being able to wait calmly or even tolerate discomfort without complaining. The "opposite of" prefix im- tells you that impatience is the complete opposite.
WORD FAMILY
impatience: impatiences+/ impatient: impatience, impatienter, impatiently/inpatient: inpatients/ patience: patiences/ patient: impatient, inpatient, patience, patiently, patients
USAGE EXAMPLES
The U.N. vote presents Obama with an opportunity to display his impatience with Israel, but it’s not clear how he will proceed.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The vote was nonbinding, but it was a sharp protest vote, reflecting impatience with corruption and the slowness of overhauls in Ukraine.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
In reality, regulations are in place to protect everyday people against the interests of pharmaceutical companies and our own impatience for new medicine.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 不耐烦; 焦躁; 渴望; 切望
分布：不耐烦(98%)，急迫(2%)
【记】patience（n 耐性；忍耐）
【反】forbearance（n 自制；忍耐）
noun uncountable
■when you are annoyed by someone's mistakes or because you have to wait 不耐烦，无耐心
• "Well, I have shown you how to do this before, " she said, unable to disguise her impatience. “唉，我已经教过你怎么做的，”她说道，掩饰不了自己的不耐烦。
• There's a growing impatience among the electorate with the old two-party system. 选民对旧有的两党制日渐失去耐心。
■when you want something to happen as soon as possible 切望；焦急
• [+ to infinitive] He was already half an hour late which explains his impatience to leave. 他已经迟了半小时，所以他急着要离开。
n. 急躁；无耐心
 - temperament, precipitance

Word: remodel
Front: remodel
[ˌri:ˈmɒdl] (11351/22441)
Back: vt. 改变…的结构[形状]
时态：remodelled, remodelling, remodels
分布：改建(30%)，重新塑造(30%)，改编(20%)，改制(20%)
→re-,再，重新，model,模型，模子。
改形;改造(re再+mod+el→再造模型→改形)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
【记】re再，model（n 模型）－再改变模型－改建
US [-'mɑ:.dəl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb transitive
■to give a new shape or form to something 改变…的形状（或外观）；重新塑造
• We've completely remodelled the kitchen. 我们把厨房彻底改造过了。
vt. 改造；改变；改型
 - influence, fashion, shift, vary

Word: artificially
Front: artificially
[ˌɑ:tɪ'fɪʃəlɪ] (11359/11137 -K)
Back: adv. 人工地; 人为地; 不自然地; 做作地
分布：人为地(38%)，不自然地(37%)，人工地(25%)
ADJ
人造的；非自然形成的
Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.
例：...a wholefood diet free from artificial additives, colours and flavours...不含人工添加剂、色素和香料的天然食品
例：The city is dotted with small lakes, natural and artificial...这个城市小型湖泊星罗棋布，有天然的也有人工的。
ADJ-GRADED
人造的；不自然的；假的
An artificial state or situation exists only because someone has created it, and therefore often seems unnatural or unnecessary.
例：Even in the artificial environment of an office, our body rhythms continue to affect us...即使是在办公室这样的非自然环境中，我们的人体生物钟依然影响着我们。
例：Removed from the artificial atmosphere of the fashion show, high-fashion clothes often look cheap and silly.脱离了时装表演营造的氛围，非常时尚的时装看上去常常显得既廉价又可笑。
ADJ-GRADED
假装的；虚伪的；矫揉造作的
If you describe someone or their behaviour as artificial, you disapprove of them because they pretend to have attitudes and feelings which they do not really have.
例：The voice was patronizing and affected, the accent artificial.声音拿腔拿调的，听上去矫揉造作。
ADJ-GRADED
（味道、外观）不自然的，不真实的，添加非天然成分的
If you say that food tastes or looks artificial, you do not like it because its taste or appearance does not seem genuine, and seems to be created by added substances.
例：The meat was chewy and the sauce was glutinous and tasted artificial.肉嚼不烂，酱汁黏稠，味道也不自然。
例：...complaints that their tinned peas were an artificial shade of green.对他们的听装豌豆添加人工合成绿色素的投诉
adv. 人工地；人为地；不自然地
 - factitiously, self-consciously

Word: stable
Front: stable
[ˈsteɪbl] (高研四六托 2903/2637 -K4)
Vocabulary: stable
(once / 127 pages)
1adj 2nv
When something is stable, it's fixed and steady. If you needed advice, you'd probably go to your most stable friend, the one least likely to act crazy or be easily upset.
Whether you're talking about an object or a person, the adjective stable implies reliability and strength. You can describe a government as stable, or a relationship, or a desk. A completely different meaning of stable is the noun "building used for housing horses or other animals." Both senses of the word come from the Latin stabilis, "firm or steadfast."
WORD FAMILY
stable: stabilise, stability, stabilize, stabled, stableness, stabler, stables, stabling, stably, unstable +/destabilise: destabilised/ destabilize: destabilization, destabilized, destabilizes, destabilizing/ instability: instabilities/stabilisation: destabilisation/stabilise: destabilise, stabilisation, stabilised, stabiliser, stabilising/ stability: instability, stabilities/ stabilization: stabilizations/ stabilize: destabilize, stabilization, stabilized, stabilizer, stabilizes, stabilizing /stabilizer: stabilizers/stabling: stablings/ unstable: unstableness, unstably
USAGE EXAMPLES
A path determined by these resolutions may lead to unexpected places, maybe not to a sty, but perhaps to a stable and a star.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
There were five other people exposed to the gas who were in stable condition at an Amarillo hospital, the newspaper said citing fire officials.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The Phoenix Fire Department says the girl is in stable condition after suffering burns to her hands, feet and other parts of her body.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 稳定的; 沉稳[持重]的; [物理学]稳定平衡的; 持久的
n. 厩，马厩，马棚，牛棚; 畜舍; 统称某人拥有（或训练的）赛马; 在同一地方工作或训练的)一批人
vt. 使关进畜舍（或马厩、牛棚等），使放入马厩般的室内
vi. 被关在畜舍内，（人）生活在厩一般的地方
时态：stabled, stabling, stables
分布：稳定的(76%)，马厩(16%)，马棚(3%)，可靠的(2%)，安定的(1%)，一批人(1%)，入马棚(1%)
→来自拉丁语 stare,站立，词源同 stand.-able,形容词后缀。stable 马厩，马房，养马场
稳定的(st+able→能站的→稳定的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
a.稳定的,安定的n.马厩,马棚Markets are flourishing and prices are stable.市场繁荣, 物价稳定.
【反】volatile（adj 挥发性的；不稳定的）；labile（adj 易发生变化的）
adjective
 IMPROVER
■firmly fixed or not likely to move or change 稳定的；稳固的；牢固的
• If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible. 如果房子的地基不稳，就有可能倒塌。
• After several part-time jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank. 做了几份兼职工作之后，他目前在银行找到了一份稳定的工作。
• The hospital said she was in a stable condition (= not likely to get worse) following the operation. 院方说她手术之后情况稳定。
■describes someone who is mentally healthy 精神健全的，精神状态稳定的
• She seems more stable these days. 她这些日子看来情绪稳定些了。
■specialized
■describes a substance that keeps the same chemical or atomic state （物质的化学状态或原子状态）稳定的
['steɪ.bl] noun countable
■a building in which horses are kept 马厩
■a group of racehorses that are owned or trained by one person （属同一马主或驯马师的）一群赛马
■a group of people who perform a similar activity and who are trained by the same person or employed by the same organization （受训于同一人或受雇于同一机构的）一批人
• During the 1950s, Sun Records' stable of singers included Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis. 20世纪50年代，太阳唱片公司旗下的歌手包括猫王普里斯莱、约翰尼•卡殊和杰瑞•李•路易士。
['steɪ.bl] verb transitive
■to keep a horse in a stable 把（马）拴在马厩里
firm, stable, steady
这组词都有“稳固的”的意思，其区别是：
firm: 指牢固不可动摇或意志、信仰的坚定。
stable: 多指根基牢固，平衡良好，也指性格或位置等的稳定，不可移动或改变。
steady: 指保持平衡不动摇。用于有形物时，指没有根基的稳固，也指动中的稳。
n. [畜牧] 马厩；牛棚
 - mews, cowshed
adj. [物] 稳定的；牢固的；坚定的
 - steady, settled, committed, firm, strong

Word: ex-husband
Front: ex-husband
['eksh'ʌzbənd] None
Back: n. 前夫
分布：前夫(100%)
noun countable
■A woman's ex-husband is a man that she was married to but is not now married to. 前夫

Word: anarchy
Front: anarchy
[ˈænəki] (宝 11357/11611 -1)
Vocabulary: anarchy
(once / 634 pages)
n
Use the noun anarchy to describe a complete lack of government — or the chaotic state of affairs created by such an absence. A substitute teacher might worry that an unruly classroom will descend into anarchy.
From the Greek for "without a ruler" we get this word for the political philosophy that the best government is no government at all — a movement that enjoyed surprising success worldwide in the early and middle parts of the twentieth century. Today, the word is more commonly used to describe not a political ideal but a state of total disorder, chaos and even violence: "A type of bloody anarchy is beginning to reign." A good synonym would be "lawlessness."
WORD FAMILY
anarchy: anarchical, anarchies, anarchism, anarchist +/ anarchism: anarchisms, anarchistic/ anarchist: anarchists/anarchistic: anarchistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Being the recipient of endless attacks creates a strange kind of freedom, a creative anarchy,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When Mr. Roxburgh read it, “I was so gobsmacked by the anarchy in the thing,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
There’s a punk-like anarchy to the Marx Brothers that I really admire and find very funny.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱; 无秩序; 无政府状态
分布：无政府状态(59%)，混乱(41%)
→前缀an-, 没有，无。词根arch,统治，管理。
无政府状态(an无＋archy)[arch,archy=ruler,rule,chief,表示"统治者,统治,主要的"]
【参】matriarchy（n 女家长制，女族长制）；hierarchy（n 等级制度）
【反】order（n 有序）
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■a situation in which there is no organization and control, especially in society because there is no effective government （尤指政府消亡或垮台而引起的）无政府状态，混乱，无法无天
• What we are witnessing is the country's slow slide into anarchy. 我们现在亲眼目睹着该国慢慢陷入无政府状态。
• The country has been in a state of anarchy since the inconclusive election. 自那次了无结果的大选以来，该国一直处于混乱状态。
• If the pay deal isn't settled amicably there'll be anarchy in the factories. 如果工资问题不能友好地解决，这些工厂将会一片混乱。
n. 无政府状态；混乱；无秩序
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: national
Front: national
[ˈnæʃnəl] (中高研四六雅 231/232 -K5)
Vocabulary: national
(once / 23 pages)
adjn
National is an adjective that refers to something or someone that belongs to a nation or country. Baseball is the national pastime of the United States.
The word national describes anything that is common to, shared by, or represents a group of people or a place that is considered a nation, like the national anthem sung before the national pastime of baseball. National statistics provide information about a country as a whole. During times of war, the national mood is usually tense and sad. A national is also a citizen of a nation. You might be called an “American national” if you are an American living in Paris.
WORD FAMILY
national: International, international, multinational, nationalise, nationalism, nationality, nationalize, nationally, nationals, supranational, transnational +/International: Internationals/denationalise: denationalisation, denationalised, denationalising/denationalize: denationalization, denationalized, denationalizes, denationalizing/ international: internationalise, internationalism, internationality, internationalize, internationally/internationalise: internationalisation, internationalised, internationalising/ internationalism: internationalist, internationalistic/internationalist: internationalists/internationality: internationalities/internationalize: internationalization, internationalized, internationalizes, internationalizing/ nation: national, nationhood, nations/nationalise: denationalise, nationalisation, nationalised, nationalising/ nationalism: nationalisms, nationalist, nationalistic, ultranationalism/ nationalist: nationalists/ nationalistic: nationalistically/ nationality: nationalities/ nationalization: nationalizations/nationalize: denationalize, nationalization, nationalized, nationalizes, nationalizing/nationhood: nationhoods/supranational: supranationally/ultranationalism: ultranationalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
As part of its advice, National Debtline recommends that consumers:
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
But Washington is rarely on national television, something that irks Wall to no end.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Police say Caldwell failed a field sobriety test leaving the MGM National Harbor on opening night.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 国家的; 国有的; 国民的; 民族主义的
n. [常用复数]全国性比赛; 某国国民; 全国性报刊; （机构等的）全国总部
分布：国民(42%)，国家的(32%)，全国性的(13%)，民族的(7%)，国有的(4%)，国立的(2%)
→来自nation,国家，民族。
a.民族的,国家的,国立的Her national costume showed her nationality.她的民族服装表明了她是从哪个国家来的.
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■relating to or typical of a whole country and its people, rather than to part of that country or to other countries 国家的，国民的
• a national holiday 全国性假日
• Britain has more than ten national newspapers. 英国有十多种全国性报纸。
• The company's national headquarters is in Rome. 这家公司国内的总部设在罗马。
• The children were wearing traditional national costume/dress. 孩子们身穿传统的民族服装。
• The government's view is that raising taxes now would not be in the national interest (= would not be good for the country). 政府认为，现在增税对国家不利。
['næʃ.ən.əl] ['næʃ.nəl] noun countable usually plural
■someone who officially belongs to a particular country （某国的）国民，公民
• Thirty people, including six UK nationals, were killed in yesterday's plane crash. 在昨天的空难中，有30人丧生，包括6名英国公民。
• All foreign nationals were advised to leave the country following the outbreak of civil war. 内战爆发后，所有外国公民都被建议离开该国。
adj. 国家的；国民的；民族的；国立的
 - state, natl
n. 国民
 - subject

Word: pool
Front: pool
[pu:l] (中高研四六 1565/1678 -K3)
Back: n. 水池; 石油层; （液体等的）一滩; 共同储金
vi. 使形成池塘或水洼; 淤积; 合伙经营; 采（煤等）
时态：pooled, pooling, pools
分布：游泳池(84%)，水塘(5%)，联营(5%)，共用(2%)，汇集(2%)，共同储金(1%)，美式撞球(1%)
→来自古英语pol,水塘，来自West-Germanic*pol,水塘，来自bale,沼泽，可能来自beu,鼓起，膨胀，词源同ball,pock.pool 普尔，台球，共用的资源
n.水池,游泳池;合资经营v.合伙经营,联营The scholar foolishly took the school cooling pool for swimming pool.学者愚蠢的把学校的冷却池当成游泳池.
noun
LIQUID 液体
 IMPROVER countable
■a small area of usually still water 水塘，水池，潭
• We looked for crabs in the rock pools along the seashore. 我们在海边岩石的水坑里找螃蟹。
 IMPROVER countable
■a small amount of liquid on a surface （液体的）一滩，一片
• a pool of blood/oil 一滩血／油
• figurative a pool of light 一小片光亮
 IMPROVER countable
■a swimming pool 游泳池
• I spent most of my holiday lying/sunbathing by the pool. 我假期的大部分时间都在游泳池旁躺着／晒太阳。
[pu:l] noun
COLLECTION 收集物
countable
■a number of people or a quantity of a particular thing, such as money, collected together for shared use by several people or organizations 共用人员；共用资金；共用资源
• Patrick crashed a Ford that he'd borrowed from the car pool at work. 派翠克把他从公司车队借的一辆福特汽车撞坏了。
• As unemployment rises, the pool of cheap labour increases. 随着失业率的上升，廉价劳力的数量也在增加。
[pu:l] noun
MONEY RISKED 有机会失去的金钱
countable
■in some card games, an amount of money which is collected from all the players and received by the player who wins the game 彩池（在一些纸牌游戏中，所有玩家都要先支付一定金额的钱，最后胜出者将能赢得整笔款项，此款项称为彩池）
countable US
■the money risked by a number of people on the result of a game or event 全部赌款，赌注
• a baseball/football/hockey pool 棒球／足球／曲棍球赌注
• the office pool 办公室合赌
• Who won the pool? 谁赢了这次合赌？
the pools [plural] (also football pools) UK
■a type of gambling in which people risk a small amount of money and try to guess the results of football matches correctly and win a lot of money 足球赌博
• They do the pools every week. 他们每个星期都赌球。
[pu:l] noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable
■a game in which two people use cues (= long thin poles) to hit 16 coloured balls into six holes around the edge of a large table covered in soft cloth 桌球，撞球，弹子球
• a pool table/room/hall 撞球桌／球房
• mainly US informal Do you want to shoot (= play) some pool? 你想打撞球吗？
Compare snooker
[pu:l] verb transitive
■to collect something such as money or resources in order for it to be used by several different people or groups （为不同人士或团体）集合（资金／资源）
• Three schools in Putney have pooled their resources/money in order to buy an area of waste ground and turn it into a sports field. 派特尼的三所学校将其资源／资金集中起来购买一片废地，把它改建成运动场。
pool, pond
这组词都有“池塘、水塘”的意思，其区别是：
pool: 指自然形成的池塘。
pond: 一般指乡村由人工挖的可供喂养鹅鸭等的水塘，或指花园中人工修建的养鱼池子。
n. 联营；撞球；水塘；共同资金
 - billiard ball

Word: roadblock
Front: roadblock
[ˈrəʊdblɒk] (11361/22512 -1)
Vocabulary: roadblock
(once / 9134 pages)
n
A literal roadblock is a barricade or obstruction that's meant to block traffic. A figurative roadblock is any situation you encounter that makes it difficult or impossible to do what you want or need to do.
When a driver encounters a roadblock, she has to stop and go back, or to take a detour and use a different route. This sort of roadblock might be set up to divert cars away from construction or an accident. Other roadblocks are obstructions to progress, like a lawsuit that halts construction on a building or the high cost of something: "The price of converting to a solar water heater was a roadblock to our plans."
WORD FAMILY
roadblock: roadblocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as Republicans plan to reserve the first 100 days of Congress for their more partisan goals, Democrats are preparing roadblocks.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Before it was over, two armored-car guards were shot and two police officers — one black and one white — were gunned down at a roadblock.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
The filing says the second roadblock is banking regulator approval of Capital One’s proposed takeover of Cabela’s Lincoln-based World’s Foremost Bank.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 路障; <美>障碍
vi. 设置路障
分布：路障(55%)，障碍(45%)
US ['roʊd.blɑ:k] noun countable
■a temporary structure put across a road to stop traffic 路障
• Police put up/set up roadblocks on all roads out of the town in an effort to catch the bombers. 员警在所有出城的路上都设了路障，企图抓获放置炸弹的人。
n. 路障；障碍物
 - barrier, block, bottleneck

Word: petition
Front: petition
[pəˈtɪʃn] (研六托雅宝 5959/4356 -2)
Vocabulary: petition
(once / 256 pages)
nv
If you're angry about the new rule that you have to wear bright pink shoes to work every day, why not write up a petition, get all your co-workers to sign it, and submit it to your boss.
Petition comes from the Anglo-Norman word peticiun, meaning "demand, request," and when you petition someone, you ask them to consider your request. If you write up a statement, say against the town's approval of a new carnival district, and collect signatures from 100 neighbors to turn in to the city government, that's a petition. If you pray to the carnival gods to reign down ruin on the carnival, that's also a petition — and no signatures needed.
WORD FAMILY
petition: petitionary, petitioned, petitioner, petitioning, petitions+/petitioner: petitioners
USAGE EXAMPLES
A handful of other states’ petitions reached the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hoang, a mother of three who worked at the salon for nearly a decade, organized 30 workers to sign a petition opposing the new classification.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
One online petition referred to the refugees as “the same people who hate us.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 请愿书，; 请愿，请求; 上诉状
vi. 祈求，请求; 请愿
vt. （向法庭）申诉
时态：petitioned, petitioning, petitions
分布：请愿(52%)，请愿书(29%)，申请(14%)，祈求(5%)
→来自拉丁语petere,努力，寻求，渴望，祈求，来自pete,展开，追寻，词源同feather,propitiate.引申词义祈求，请愿。
请愿,申请(pet+ition→追寻状态→请愿)[pet=seek,表示"追寻,寻求"]
请愿(pet追求)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
n.请愿书,申请书v.(向...)请愿,正式请求The competent petitioner thinks the perpetual impetus is petty.有能力的请愿者认为永久的动力是细小的.
noun countable
■a document signed by a large number of people demanding or requesting some action from the government or another authority 请愿书
• I signed a petition against the proposed closure of the local hospital today. 今天我在反对关闭当地医院的请愿书上签了名。
■legal
■a formal letter to a court of law requesting a particular legal action （向法院递交的）申诉书，诉状
• She's filing a petition for divorce. 她将要递交离婚诉状。
[pə'tɪʃ.ən] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make a formal request for something, especially in a court of law （向法院）递交申诉书，申请
• They're petitioning for/about better facilities for disabled people on public transport. 他们正在请愿，希望当局能在大众交通工具上为残障人士安装更好的设施。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] I think we should petition the government to increase the grant for the project. 我认为我们应该请求政府增加对该专案计划的拨款。
• legal She is petitioning for a re-trial. 她将上诉要求重审。
beg, plead, petition, appeal, pray, entreat
这组词都有“请求，恳求”的意思，其区别是：
beg: 比plead通俗，不用于法律范畴，指低声下气地请求，有时含贬义，指某人喋喋不休地要求得到帮助。
plead: 指谦卑而又不失尊严地请求，侧重迫切感。
petition: 指正式而热切地请愿或祈求。
appeal: 常指以道义原则为基础或以法律为依据的请求。
pray: 指祈求，多用于宗教用语中。
entreat: 意义与beg的大致相同，但较文雅。
n. 请愿； [法] [专利] 请愿书；祈求；诉状
 - imprecation
vi. 请愿； [专利] 请求
 - demand, apply for
vt. 请愿； [专利] 请求；恳求
 - apply for, pray for

Word: quicker
Front: quicker
[k'wɪkər] (11367/9534)
Back: adj. 聪明的( quick的比较级 ); 快的; 灵活的; 短时间做成的
分布：快些的(50%)，形容词quick的比较级.(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
快的;迅速的;急速的
Someone or something that is quick moves or does things with great speed.
例：You'll have to be quick. The flight leaves in about three hours...你得快点了，飞机大约3小时后起飞。
例：I think I'm a reasonably quick learner...我认为我是一个学东西还算快的人。
ADV-GRADED
(quicker 有时表示“以更快的速度”，quickest表示“以最快的速度”，quick有时表示“以很快的速度”，但有些人认为这种用法并不规范)
Quicker is sometimes used to mean 'at a greater speed', and quickest to mean 'at the greatest speed'. Quick is sometimes used to mean 'with great speed'. Some people consider this to be non-standard.
例：Warm the sugar slightly first to make it dissolve quicker...先将糖稍稍加热，以使其溶解得更快些。
例：Prost went quickest.普罗斯特走得最快。
ADJ-GRADED
短暂的;持续时间很短的
Something that is quick takes or lasts only a short time.
例：He took one last quick look about the room...他朝房间匆匆扫了最后一眼。
例：I just popped in for a quick drink...我只是顺路过来小酌一杯。
ADJ-GRADED
立刻发生的;很快发生的
Quick means happening without delay or with very little delay.
例：Officials played down any hope for a quick end to the bloodshed...官员们让迅速结束这场流血冲突的希望变得渺茫起来。
例：These investors feel the need to make quick profits.这些投资者觉得收益必须立竿见影。
ADV-GRADED
迅速发生地;很快发生地
Quick is sometimes used to mean 'with very little delay'.
例：I got away as quick as I could...我尽快离开了。
例：Quick! John! It's Carmela. I think she's taken an overdose...快来！约翰！卡梅拉出事了，我想她用药过量了。
ADJ-GRADED
立刻的;马上的
If you are quick to do something, you do not hesitate to do it.
例：Mark says the ideas are Katie's own, and is quick to praise her talent...马克说这些都是凯蒂自己的想法，并随即称赞起她的天赋来。
例：Furthermore, as Gervaise was quick to point out, Mr Scully was not a detective.而且，正如热尔韦斯毫不犹豫地指出来的那样，斯库利先生并不是一名侦探。
ADJ-GRADED
性情急躁的;容易发怒的
If someone has a quick temper, they are easily made angry.
PHRASE
咬到了指甲肉；咬秃指甲
If someone bites their nails to the quick, they bite off all the white part at the end of each nail.
例：Her fingernails are bitten to the quick.她的手指甲都被咬秃了。
PHRASE
触及（…）痛处;极大伤害；令…伤透了心
If something cuts you to the quick, it makes you feel very upset.
例：I once heard her weeping in her bedroom, which cut me to the quick.有一次，我听见她在卧室里哭泣，这深深地刺痛了我的心。

Word: discriminatory
Front: discriminatory
[dɪˈskrɪmɪnətəri] (宝 11333/12643 -1)
Back: adj. 有识别力的; 差别对待的; 歧视性
分布：歧视的(80%)，差别待遇的(20%)
ADJ
（法规、做法）不公平的，歧视的
Discriminatory laws or practices are unfair because they treat one group of people worse than other groups.
例：These reforms will abolish racially discriminatory laws.这些改革措施将彻底废除带有种族歧视的法律。

Word: coerce
Front: coerce
[kəʊˈɜ:s] (雅宝 11362/14580 -1)
Vocabulary: coerce
(once / 1217 pages)
v
You can bring a horse to water, but you can't make him drink. You can coerce — or pressure — someone to attend your office holiday party, but you can't make him have fun.
If you're at a point where you feel like you need to coerce someone into doing something, it might be more civilized to just give up. To coerce is to manipulate, use aggressive arguments, pressure unfairly, or threaten — really, this isn't very civilized behavior, is it? Handy synonyms for this verb include force and pressure. In a gangster film, you might hear a character say he "put the squeeze" on someone — another way of saying he coerced them.
WORD FAMILY
coerce: coerced, coerces, coercing, coercion, coercive +/coerced: uncoerced/ coercion: coercions/ coercive: coercively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet most of the coerced Christians refuse even this small gesture and suffer agonizing torture and death instead.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
To pay his men, he allegedly coerces civilians.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Or it may be an effort to coerce all nuclear powers into accepting some global aim.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 强迫，强制; 控制，限制; 威胁; 逼迫
时态：coerced, coercing, coerces
分布：强制(83%)，威胁(17%)
→co-, 强调。-erk, 限制，保护，词源同ark, arcane.
【记】co共同，erce读：饿死：想让我们共同饿死？？？除非使用暴力。
【反】coercionary（adj 强制的）－voluntary（adj 自愿的）
US [koʊ'ɝ:s] formal
verb transitive
■to persuade someone forcefully to do something which they are unwilling to do 强制，强迫；威逼，胁迫
• The court heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 法庭在审理中发现六名被告曾受到迫供。
vt. 强制，迫使
 - pressure, enforce

Word: eyepiece
Front: eyepiece
[ˈaɪpi:s] (11332/41059)
Back: n. 目镜
分布：目镜(100%)
noun countable
■the part of a piece of equipment, for example a microscope , through which you look （显微镜等仪器的）（ 接）目镜
n. [光] 目镜，接目镜
 - ocular lens

Word: axe
Front: axe
[æks] (研托 11388/7056 -2)
Back: n. 斧子; <俚>解雇
vt. 用斧砍; 削除，解雇; 大量削减（经费），精简（机构）
时态：axed, axeing, axes
分布：斧(90%)，解雇(6%)，用斧砍(2%)，大量削减(1%)，倒闭(1%)
→词源略。
n.(ax)斧子;削减vt.用斧砍He felled the tree with an axe.他用斧头砍树.
(US also ax) [æks] noun countable
■a tool used for cutting wood and which consists of a heavy iron or steel blade at the end of a long wooden handle 斧，斧子
• Julian used an axe to chop down the old apple tree. 茱利安用斧子砍倒了那棵老苹果树。
the axe UK (ALSO US also the ax)
■when someone loses their job 解雇；裁员；开除
• Over 500 staff are facing the axe at the Nottingham factory. 在诺丁汉的工厂有500多位员工面临被解雇的命运。
get the axe UK
■When a service or plan gets the axe, it is stopped or prevented from happening （业务、计划等）被取消，被撤销，被砍掉
• Religious programmes will be the first to get the axe if she's put in charge of the station. 如果她负责电台工作，宗教节目将首先被删掉。
(US also ax) [æks] noun countable
have an axe to grind
■to have a strong opinion about something, which you often try to persuade other people is correct 想说服别人；想争个对错
• Environmentalists have no political axe to grind - they just want to save the planet. 环境保护主义者并非想在政治上争个对错——他们仅仅想拯救这个星球而已。
(US also ax) [æks] verb transitive
■to reduce services, jobs, payments a lot or completely without warning or in a single action （突然）裁减，撤销，取消，砍掉
• Because of the recession the company is to axe 350 jobs. 因为经济不景气，公司将裁员350人。
• The TV series will be axed owing to a decline in popularity. 因为收视率下降，这出电视连续剧会被删掉。
vt. 削减；用斧砍
 - cut to the bone, cut down to

Word: primate
Front: primate
[ˈpraɪmeɪt] (六托宝 11355/10750 -1)
Vocabulary: primate
(once / 3756 pages)
1n 2n
A primate is a monkey, ape, human, or other similar mammal. You've probably visited the primate house at the zoo.
When you see the word primate, you probably think of monkeys. A monkey is just one example of a primate, though — lemurs are primates too, and so are gibbons, and even people. The things we all have in common are large brains, opposable thumbs, bendy toes, and good eyesight. The Latin word primas, or "first," is the root of primate, which scientists sometimes call "the highest order of mammals."
WORD FAMILY
primate: primateship
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it’s puzzling that our closest primate cousins are limited to hoots, coos, and grunts.
Science Magazine(Dec 09, 2016)
They then compared the relative strength of those bones to samples from a range of other primate species.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Discounted admissions are being given Monday because Primate Island is shut down.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 灵长目动物; （英国教会的）大主教; <古>首领; 监督长
adj. 灵长目动物的; 首要的
分布：灵长目动物(100%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，首要的，-ate,名词后缀。后用于指灵长类动物。
['praɪ.meɪt] [-mət] specialized
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a member of the most developed and intelligent group of mammals, including humans, monkeys and apes 灵长类动物
['praɪ.meɪt] [-mət] specialized
noun countable
PRIEST 牧师
■a priest with the highest position in his country 大主教，首主教
• He was made the Roman Catholic Primate of All Ireland last year. 他去年被任命为全爱尔兰天主教大主教。
n. 大主教；灵长类的动物；首领
 - leader, chief, captain, boss
adj. 灵长目动物的；首要的
 - principal, all-important

Word: cumin
Front: cumin
[ˈkʌmɪn] (11358/36705)
Back: n. 孜然芹，孜然芹果; 枯茗; 莳萝
分布：莳萝(72%)，孜然芹(28%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
noun uncountable
■(a plant with) seeds that smell pleasant and are used as a spice, especially in South Asian and Middle Eastern cooking （尤指在印度和中东用作烹饪调味品的）莳萝，土茴香子
n. [植] 小茴香； [园艺] 莳萝
 - fennel fruit, common fennel

Word: assertive
Front: assertive
[əˈsɜ:tɪv] (六宝 11368/12090 -1)
Vocabulary: assertive
(once / 4466 pages)
adj
If you are upfront about what you want and bold in devising a plan that helps you get it, you could be described as assertive, meaning you act with authority and confidence.
English offers many ways to describe getting what you want — demanding, insistent, and pushy are a few of them. People who are assertive aren't as aggressive as those who are demanding and pushy, and they can negotiate a little better than those who are insistent. Use assertive to describe someone who is self-confident enough to make bold statements and forceful actions. The word can also be applied to nonhuman things, like policies and strategies.
WORD FAMILY
assertive: assertively, assertiveness, nonassertive, self-assertive, unassertive+/ assert: assertable, asserted, asserter, asserting, assertion, assertive, asserts, reassert /asserted: assertedly/asserter: asserters/asserting: assertingly, self-asserting/ assertion: assertions, self-assertion /assertiveness: self-assertiveness/ reassert: reasserted, reasserting, reassertion, reasserts/reassertion: reassertions/unassertive: unassertively, unassertiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Aberdeen prospered by being assertive and more certain in their attacking play.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Wall grew more assertive offensively after he learned that Beal would not be returning from his injury.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Assertive government regulators and recalcitrant target companies helped quash those merger dreams.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 观点明确的; 坚决主张的
分布：自信的(89%)，断定的(11%)
断言的;确定的(assert+ive)[sert=join,insert表示"加入,插入"]
US [-'sɝ:.tˌɪv] adjective
 ADVANCED
■describes someone who behaves confidently and is not frightened to say what they want or believe 坚定自信的；果敢的
• If you really want the promotion, you'll have to be more assertive. 如果你真的希望晋升，就必须更加坚定自信地说出来。
adj. 肯定的；独断的；坚定而自信的
 - positive, centain

Word: immortal
Front: immortal
[ɪˈmɔ:tl] (六托宝 11365/11369 -1)
Vocabulary: immortal
(once / 212 pages)
adjn
Immortal describes what will never die. Do you like vampires? Those blood-suckers are immortal, and will live forever — except, of course, if you drive a stake through their heart.
The word immortal can refer a supernatural being who is worshipped by others, or is a divinity or God in human form, like the gods of Greek and Roman mythology. Immortal can also mean "a person whose fame lasts for many years." If you're a sports legend or a well-known author, you may be remembered as an immortal in your field. Immortal comes from the Old French word immortalité, meaning "deathlessness."
WORD FAMILY
immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals+/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie ends, of course, with the immortal “That’ll do, pig,” and with Hoggett and Babe gazing beatifically at each other.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
In terms of accessibility, their looks are immortal.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“We will follow his immortal example,” he said.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不死的; 永恒的，不朽的; 神的; 流芳百世的
n. 神仙; 流芳百世的人; 不朽的作家
分布：不朽的(65%)，神(31%)，不朽的人物(2%)，永世的(2%)
→im-,不，非，mortal,凡人，终有一死的。
不朽的(im+mortal死的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
不朽的(im不+mortal→不死的)[mort=death,表示"死"]
【记】im不，mort死，al－不死的－不朽的
【参】postmortem（adj 死后发生的）；mortify（v 克服；使苦恼；坏死）
US [-'mɔ:r.tˌəl] adjective
■living or lasting forever 永生的；永存的
• immortal God 永生的上帝
• The priest said he was endangering his immortal soul. 神父说他正在危及自己不朽的灵魂。
■very special and famous and therefore likely to be remembered for a long time 不朽的，流芳百世的
• In the immortal words of Samuel Goldwyn, "Include me out". 用塞缪尔‧戈尔德温那句不朽的名言来说就是：“把我包括在外。”
UK [ɪ'mɔ:.təl] US [-'mɔ:r.tˌəl] noun literary
countable
■someone who is so famous that they are remembered for a long time after they are dead 不朽的人物
• She is one of the immortals of classical opera. 她是古典歌剧不朽的演唱家之一。
the immortals [plural]
■the Greek or Roman gods （希腊或罗马神话中的）诸神
adj. 不朽的；神仙的；长生的
 - eternal, monumental
n. 神仙；不朽人物
 - jinnee, djinni

Word: yolk
Front: yolk
[jəʊk] (六托 11348/16147 -1)
Vocabulary: yolk
(once / 1398 pages)
n
A yolk is the inner, yellow part of an egg. If you order eggs "sunny side up," those "suns" are the egg yolks.
When a bird lays an egg that's fertilized and begins to grow into a baby bird, the yolk is the substance that nourishes the bird embryo. The eggs we eat have yolks too, but since they are unfertilized, these protein-rich yolks can be beaten into omelettes or mixed into cake batter. The Old English root of yolk, geolca, literally means "the yellow part."
WORD FAMILY
yolk: yolks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Place the skillet in the oven and bake until the yolks are just set, about 8 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Whisk the yolks by hand until they are well blended.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
She explains that the cooked yolks prevent the gluten in the flour from becoming overdeveloped and thus produce a “meltingly tender” dough.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 蛋黄; 卵黄; 羊毛油脂; 胚乳
分布：蛋黄(100%)
→词源同yellow,用以指蛋黄，比较albumen.
US [joʊk] noun countable or uncountable
■the yellow, middle part of an egg 蛋黄
• I like eggs lightly cooked so that the yolk is still runny. 我喜欢煮得嫩些的鸡蛋，这样蛋黄还是溏心的。
• Separate the yolks from the whites. 将蛋黄从蛋白中分离出来。
n. 蛋黄； [胚] 卵黄； [纺] 羊毛脂
 - vitellus, yelk

Word: picturesque
Front: picturesque
[ˌpɪktʃəˈresk] (托雅 11374/7878 -1)
Vocabulary: picturesque
(once / 302 pages)
adj
You could describe a particularly pretty scene as picturesque. But save it up for a view that's so gorgeous you'd love to have it framed on the wall as a painting.
Picturesque is an adjective used to describe something with strikingly pleasing or vivid qualities — a scene so picture-perfect that you feel an impulse to reach for your camera or double check to make sure it's real. A view of the pristine shoreline on a summer’s day, a grandfather and grandson reading a book together, or a charming old farm cottage could all be called picturesque.
WORD FAMILY
picturesque: picturesquely, picturesqueness, unpicturesque+/ picture: pictural, pictured, pictures, picturesque, picturing/pictured: unpictured/picturesqueness: picturesquenesses/picturing: picturings/unpicturesque: unpicturesquely
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a drive and a lovely little ferry rice from Seattle, and the Lummi Island setting also couldn’t be more Northwest picturesque.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Although printing the text on giant planks is picturesque, it doesn’t disguise that the show is as wordy as it is woodsy.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
They wanted picturesque landscapes that were wilder and more rugged than Brown’s placid idylls.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 美丽的; 别致的; 生动的; 奇特的，独创的
分布：如画的(84%)，生动的(14%)，奇特的(2%)
→来自picture,图片，照片，-esque,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
风景如画的(picture+esque像...的→像图画的)[Pict=paint,表示"描画"]
如画的(picture图画)[-esque表形容词"如…的"]
US [-tʃə'resk] adjective
 ADVANCED
■(especially of a place) attractive in appearance, especially in an old-fashioned way （尤指某地）美丽的，古色古香的
• the picturesque narrow streets of the old city 古城里如画的狭窄街道
picturesque, lively, vivid, pictorial
这组词都有“生动的”的意思，其区别是：
picturesque: 既指景色、人物等犹如图画般美丽，又可指文艺作品的风格绚丽多彩，尤指一种原始粗犷的美。
lively: 普通用词，与vivid可通用。
vivid: 普通用词，侧重有强烈的实际感或逼真感，使人富于想象或留下深刻的印象。
pictorial: 强调产生或制造生动的效果。
adj. 独特的；生动的；别致的；图画般的
 - unique, distinct, individual, telling, live

Word: parchment
Front: parchment
[ˈpɑ:tʃmənt] (11356/12374)
Vocabulary: parchment
(once / 1257 pages)
n
Parchment is what people used to write on before paper was common, hundreds of years ago. Instead of being made from trees, parchment was made from animal skins.
As early as the second century BC, ancient Greeks invented a method of treating animal skins to make a writing surface, parchment, that was less expensive than the papyrus they used before that. Parchment continued to be used through the 1400s, when Europeans began making paper. These days, you're most likely to see parchment in a museum or historical movie. The word comes from the name of the city where it was invented, Pergamon.
WORD FAMILY
parchment: parchments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kristy Parchment was arrested on charges of being an accessory to armed robbery.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Line two baking sheets with parchment paper and set them aside.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
One person wiped down a banana leaf and placed it on parchment paper.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 羊皮纸; 文凭; 上等纸; 羊皮纸古文稿
分布：羊皮纸(87%)，仿羊皮纸(13%)
→来自拉丁语pergamena,来自希腊语Pergamon,小亚细亚古国Mysia城市名，位于现土耳其境内Bergama.因产于该地而得名，埃及纸莎草替代书写材料。拼写通俗化。
US ['pɑ:rtʃ-] noun
uncountable
■the thin dried skin of some animals which was used in the past for writing on, or a high quality paper made to look like this （旧时书写用的）羊皮纸；仿羊皮纸
• ancient parchment 古代羊皮纸
• He'd been ill for a long time, and his skin was like parchment. 他病了很久，皮肤像羊皮纸似的。
countable
■a document written on parchment 羊皮纸文件
• A framed parchment hung on the wall. 一份镶了框的羊皮纸文件挂在墙上。
n. [纸] 羊皮纸；羊皮纸文稿
 - membrane, pergamyn

Word: noticeably
Front: noticeably
['nəʊtɪsəblɪ] (11377/11117)
Back: adv. 显著地，明显地
分布：明显地(50%)，显著地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
容易注意到的;显著的;明显的
Something that is noticeable is very obvious, so that it is easy to see, hear, or recognize.
例：It is noticeable that women do not have the rivalry that men have...显而易见，女性不像男人们那样好勇斗狠。
例：The most noticeable effect of these changes is in the way people are now working together.这些变化带来的最明显效果体现在人们现在一起工作的方式上。
adv. 显著地，明显地；引人注目地
 - obviously, clearly, remarkably, notably, markedly

Word: oats
Front: oats
[əʊts] (11366/12315 -1)
Back: n. 燕麦; 燕麦粥
分布：燕麦(86%)，燕麦片(13%)，名词oat的复数形式.(1%)
US [oʊts] plural noun
■a cereal plant like a grass, or its seeds which are used in baking and cooking and also to feed animals 燕麦
• a field of oats 一片燕麦田
• rolled oats (= oats that have been pressed flat) 燕麦片
• porridge oats 燕麦粥
• These biscuits contain oats. 这些饼干里含有燕麦。

Word: terrorize
Front: terrorize
[ˈterəraɪz] (11381/22982 -1)
Vocabulary: terrorize
(once / 5263 pages)
v
When you terrorize someone, you act in a way that makes that person feel terrified, or full of fear. A bully might terrorize his younger victims by threatening to beat them up.
There are more and less serious ways to terrorize someone: actual terrorists, who use violence to achieve political goals, are a classic example of people who terrorize. A less grim way to terrorize might be an older sister coercing a younger brother into doing her chores by threatening to hide his favorite toys. In either case, the victim experiences some degree of fear, and the person who terrorizes feels a sense of power and control.
WORD FAMILY
terrorize: terrorization, terrorized, terrorizes, terrorizing+/ terrified: terrifiedly/ terrify: terrified, terrifies, terrifying/terrifying: terrifyingly/ terror: counterterror, terrify, terrorise, terrorism, terrorize, terrors/terrorise: terrorisation, terrorised, terrorises, terrorising/ terrorism: terrorist / terrorist: terrorists
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is a targeted strategy to terrorize civilians and to kill anybody and everybody who is in the way of their military objectives,” U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Residents said they were terrorized by armed gangs who regularly robbed farmers, carjacked vehicles and held villagers for ransom.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Their jobs aren’t to protect and serve; their jobs are to terrorize and enforce.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使恐怖; 胁迫; 实行恐怖统治
时态：terrorized, terrorizing, terrorizes
分布：实施恐怖统治(75%)，令人恐怖(25%)
→来自 terror,恐惧，惊恐，-ize,使。
(UK usually terrorise) ['ter.ə.raɪz] verb transitive
■to make someone feel very frightened by threatening to kill or hurt them 恐吓，威胁；使惊恐不安
• Street gangs have been terrorizing the neighbourhood. 一直以来，街头流氓团伙闹得四邻不安。
vt. 使…恐怖
 - affright

Word: complement
Front: complement
[ˈkɒmplɪment] (研六托雅 6760/5703 -2)
Vocabulary: complement
(once / 1260 pages)
nv
A complement is something that makes up a satisfying whole with something else. Those shiny red shoes you just bought complement your shiny red purse.
Complement comes from the Latin complementum, "something that fills up or completes." Complement keeps both the e and the meaning. It's also a verb; if you and your partner complement each other, you make a perfect pair. Something that complements completes or adds a little something.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
complement / compliment
Both are awesome on a first date — complement means to complete something, and a compliment is flattering. If you feel you and your new friend complement each other, maybe it's because he's been giving you so many compliments like when he says you look like a supermodel.
To complement, with an e, means to complete or supplement something, such as chocolates complementing the flowers you give your date. A complement is the thing doing the completing. The chocolates are a complement to the flowers. Here are some things that go well together:
Even as teenagers, they finished each other's sentences, complementing and encouraging the other. (Golf Digest)
In Ms. Clinton's case, IAC said her "skills and background complement the existing areas of expertise of other board members." (New York Times)
GM mosquito technology must be evaluated as a complement to existing control measures. (Scientific American)
To compliment, with an i, is to offer praise to or admiration. This could be in the form of words or actions. You might compliment your date on his dance moves, for example. "Your moonwalk is perfect!" is a compliment. Here are more:
"I lived on people's compliments, kind words," she says. (Washington Post)
Biggest compliment: After Rob completed his waltz, Judge Len Goodman announced, "You've got the best footwork of any guy I've seen on this show ever." (Time)
Once spelled the same, compliment became distinct from complement around 1650. They're still pronounced the same. You see the difference when they're written, so as long as you're just yapping no one will know if you mix them up. When writing, though, remember that a complement completes something, but I like getting compliments.
WORD FAMILY
complement: complemental, complementary, complementation, complemented, complementing, complements+/complementarity: complementarities/ complementary: complementaries, complementarily, complementarity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Size is an important consideration with plants, says Mr. Hancock, who notes that the plants should complement the furnishings and space, not dominate it.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
“Her energy and her drive are something we were absolutely looking for to complement the existing management here,” Harvey said of Fischer.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This season is Penn State’s first with the full complement of 85 scholarship players, though the team is one of the youngest in the country.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 补充; 补足语; 补充物; 补集（数）
vt. 补足，补充; 补助
时态：complemented, complementing, complements
分布：相辅相成(45%)，补语(36%)，补足物(14%)，余角(5%)
→来自complete,完整的。
补足,补全(com全部+ple+ment→全部满→补足)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
n.补足物,船上的定员;补语vt.补充,补足Comply with the compatible rule of complement when using compliments.使用问候语时遵守补语的相容规则.
【记】com共同，ple满，填满－共同满－补足源于complete（vt 完成，使完善）
【参】complementary（adj 补充的）
US ['kɑ:m-] verb transitive
■to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it 补充；补足；使完善；为…增色
• Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. 草莓加鲜奶油相得益彰。
• The music complements her voice perfectly. 音乐使她的嗓音妙不可言。
complement, compliment, supplement
complement: 补充，补足，把有缺陷的两个东西结合成一个整体
compliment: 赞美，恭维
supplement: 增补，追加，使完整物体进一步完善
complement, append, supplement
这组词都有“补充”的意思，其区别是：
complement: n.补充，补充物，主要指补充不足使之完美。
 • Rice makes an excellent complement to a curry dish.   有咖喱的菜配米饭最棒。
append: n.附加，添上或补充某事物(尤指文字)。
 • The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.   律师在合同后又附加了两页。
supplement: n.增补，补充，补贴，主要指另外补加，增补。
 • One year after we made our report, we had to add a supplement to cover new events.   我们在报告完成一年之后，必须增补一个包含新事件的附加部分。
vt. 补足，补助
 - make up a loss, make sth up

Word: oily
Front: oily
[ˈɔɪli] (11364/11784 -1)
Vocabulary: oily
(once / 2341 pages)
adj
Oily things are greasy, slippery, or covered with oil — think a bowl of oily pasta or the oily garage floor after you've been tinkering with your motorcycle's engine.
Anything containing oil, covered in oil, or resembling oil is oily. A batch of muffins might taste weirdly oily when you use too much butter, and the rags lying around a car repair shop are mostly black and oily. Your brother's hair will probably be pretty oily after he refuses to wash it for a month. Since the sixteenth century, oily has also had the figurative meaning of "insincerely flattering or slick," like an oily car salesman.
WORD FAMILY
oily: oilier, oiliest, oilily, oiliness+/ oil: oiled, oiler, oiling, oils, oily /oiled: unoiled/oiler: oilers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s a very unctuous, oily, truly horrific villain who the audience will enjoy despising.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
By the next day, nearby creeks were teeming with oily, black waste.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
We grab chopsticks, anoint ourselves with oily string beans and fill a lazy Susan with enough Chinese food to ensure days of leftover noshing.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 油的，油质的; 含油的，油多的; 油腻的; 油滑的，会奉承的
级别：oilier, oiliest
分布：含油的(53%)，油腔滑调的(28%)，像油的(19%)
→来自oil,油。
adjective
WITH OIL 含油的
■consisting of or similar to oil 含油的；似油的
• an oily liquid 油质液体
■covered in oil or containing a lot of oil 多油的；油腻的；涂油的
• an oily rag 油腻的抹布
• oily fish 含油多的鱼
• I've got oily skin (= it produces a lot of oil). 我是油性皮肤。
['ɔɪ.li] adjective
TOO FRIENDLY 谄媚的
■too friendly and polite in a way that is not sincere 谄媚的，讨好的；油滑的
adj. [油脂] 油的；油质的；油滑的；油腔滑调的
 - oleic, unctuous

Word: maternity
Front: maternity
[məˈtɜ:nəti] (六 11382/7122 -1)
Vocabulary: maternity
(once / 3671 pages)
n
Use the noun maternity to describe the relationship of a mother to her children.
The state of maternity includes everything involved in becoming a mother, from being pregnant to giving birth to chasing a little kid around a playground. Adoptive mothers experience maternity too, since they are someone's mom. The word maternity comes from the Latin root mater, which means "mother," and it's related to the adjective maternal. You can mostly use the words maternity and motherhood interchangeably.
WORD FAMILY
maternity: maternities+/ maternal: maternalism, maternally, maternity /maternalism: maternalistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Couric is filling in for Savannah Guthrie, who’s on maternity leave.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“You were supposed to do maternity scenes or watercolours, but not something as tough and decisive as what you do,” Bechara says.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Ventilation machines and other vital equipment are broken down, including some of the incubators in the maternity ward.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 母性，为母之道; 妇产科医院
adj. 产妇用的; 产科的; 孕妇的
分布：母性(39%)，产科病房(31%)，孕妇的(17%)，母性的(10%)，母亲身份(3%)
→来自maternal,母亲的，-ity,名词后缀。比喻用法。
[见上,－ity名词字尾]母性的,母性的[母matr(i);mater;metro]
母性;产科医院(matern+ity)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■the state of being a mother 母亲身分
UK [mə'tɜ:.nə.ti] US [-'tɝ:.nə.tˌi] adjective [before noun]
■related to pregnancy and birth 怀孕的；产妇的
• maternity clothes 孕妇装
n. [生物] 母性，母道； [妇产] 妇产科医院
 - motherhood
adj. 产科的；产妇的，孕妇的
 - obstetric

Word: flagship
Front: flagship
[ˈflægʃɪp] (11371/12170 -1)
Vocabulary: flagship
(once / 2248 pages)
1n 2n
Traditionally, the commander of a navy traveled in the flagship, which was distinguished by flying his distinctive flag. You can also call the ship in the front of a fleet the flagship.
The flagship is generally the most powerful in some way — better armed, or larger, than the ships that follow it. Ultimately, the most important thing about a flagship is that it's first. Based on this meaning, another kind of flagship is something that's the first, best, or biggest example of something — a product, store, or program, for example. Starbucks' enormous flagship coffee shop, the company's largest and fanciest shop, is in Seattle, Washington.
WORD FAMILY
flagship: flagships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each year, the society hosts a number of flagship shows to promote the sector, including the Chelsea and the Tatton Park flower shows.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Speaking of Texas, Dallas boutique Forty Five Ten this month opened a massive 37,000-square-foot flagship downtown.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
One of the government's flagship home ownership programmes ends on Saturday, amidst both praise and criticism.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 旗舰; 〈比喻〉最重要的一个; 佼佼者
分布：旗舰(99%)，最重要产品(1%)
→来自flag和ship的组合词。
noun countable
BEST PRODUCT 最优产品
■the best or most important product, idea, building, etc. that an organization owns or produces （某组织的）旗舰产品，最重要理念，主建筑物
• This machine is the flagship in our new range of computers. 这台机器是我们新电脑系列的主打产品。
• The company's flagship store is in New York. 这间公司的旗舰店在纽约。
['flæg.ʃɪp] noun countable
SHIP 船
■the ship within a group on which the most important officer sails 旗舰
n. 旗舰；（作定语）一流；佼佼者
 - Pilotide, admiral

Word: wreak
Front: wreak
[ri:k] (宝 11385/13981 -1)
Vocabulary: wreak
(once / 2397 pages)
v
To wreak is to cause something to happen, usually with a terrible consequence. You can make mischief, cause problems, or inflict pain, but to wreak damage suggests a deeper level of destruction.
Wreak stems from the Old English wrecan, meaning "to avenge." Its current meaning, that of causing something to happen — usually with dire consequences — came about in the 19th century. The word is a transitive verb, often paired with the equally intense havoc, meaning "devastation."
WORD FAMILY
wreak: wreaked, wreaking, wreaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s to preserve life, and especially with the drug epidemic to stop the drugs wreaking havoc on our communities and neighborhoods.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
There is an outcry for data about the havoc wreaked in Yemen by Saudi bombing.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
To an untrained eye, that’s hard to imagine, seeing the extent of the destruction that the Islamic State group wreaked in March 2015.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 造成（混乱或破坏）; 实施（报复）
时态：wreaked, wreaking, wreaks
分布：发泄(100%)
→来自wreg,推，驱使，践踏，来自wer的扩大形式，弯，转，扭曲，词源同urgent,wreck。引申义造成破坏，实施报复。
【记】因为weak所以wreak；因为wreck（n 失事）所以wreak。
[ri:k] formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to happen in a violent and often uncontrolled way 造成，引起（灾祸等）
• The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops. 最近的暴风雨给农作物造成了巨大灾害。
• She was determined to wreak revenge/vengeance on both him and his family. 她决心要报复他和他的家人。
vt. 发泄；报仇
 - give vent to, take revenge

Word: ASCII
Front: ASCII
['æski] (9974/17790)
Back: abbr. 美国信息交换标准码（American Standard Code for Information Interchange）
noun uncountable abbreviation for
■American Standard Code for Information Interchange: a way of storing numbers, letters or symbols for exchanging information between computer systems 美国信息交换用标准代码
• a document in ASCII format ASCII 格式档

Word: recurrent
Front: recurrent
[rɪˈkʌrənt] (研 11386/7228 -1)
Vocabulary: recurrent
(once / 4817 pages)
adj
Do you dream again and again that you are flying? If so, you could say that you have a recurrent dream of flight. Recurrent means something that happens repeatedly.
The word recurrent comes from a Latin word meaning "to return or come back." A recurrent dream, good or bad, keeps coming back. You'll hear this word used often about abstract things like dreams, thoughts, and in literature, themes. For instance, the theme of a motherless child finding its way in the world is recurrent in pop culture and literature.
WORD FAMILY
recurrent: recurrently+/ recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs/ recurrence: recurrences/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that’s a recurrent feature of conservative politics, as Corey Robin argued in his book “The Reactionary Mind” and echoed on Salon last March:
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
There is a recurrent genesis to these various artivist projects: the felt need to do something.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
It hasn’t moved so far because of recurrent worries about slow growth, weak inflation and turbulence overseas.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 复发的，复现的; 周期性的，经常发生的; 回归的; 循环的
分布：周期性的(62%)，循环的(22%)，再发生的(16%)
一再发生的(recur+r+ent)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
ADJ
重现的；再次发生的
A recurrent event or feeling happens or is experienced more than once.
例：Race is a recurrent theme in the work.种族问题是该作品里多次出现的主题。
例：...buildings in which staff suffer recurrent illness.里面的员工经常生病的建筑
adj. 复发的；周期性的，经常发生的
 - seasonal, recrudescent

Word: loop
Front: loop
[lu:p] (研四六托雅宝 4250/4755 -2)
Vocabulary: loop
(once / 676 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n 5n 6n
A loop is a roundish, coiled shape, like the shape a piece of string or rope makes when it crosses itself. To start knitting, you need to put a loop of yarn on the end of one of your needles.
Loops are ovals or circles and are often made from rope or other fibers, like the loop at the end of a cowboy's lasso. The verb loop means to form the shape of a loop in the sky; or to make a loop from string or some other material. If something "throws you for a loop," it catches you by surprise, and if you're "in the loop," you have access to information that others might not have.
WORD FAMILY
loop: looped, looper, looping, loops, loopy +/looper: loopers/looping: loopings/ loopy: loopier, loopiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
That revelation called into question to what extent Whaley is kept in the loop.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Not that Trump will be our first president who likes to operate from a closed loop.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
At the core of every habit is a neurological loop with three parts: A cue, a routine and a reward.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 圈，环; [医]宫内避孕环; 回路; 弯曲部分
vt. & vi. （使）成环，（使）成圈; 以环连结; 使翻筋斗
时态：looped, looping, loops
分布：环(75%)，回路(13%)，圈(10%)，以环连结(1%)，以圈结(1%)
→来自中古英语loupe,绳索，套，词源同leap,原义可能为套动物的套索或套圈，后用来指圈，环。词义演变比较farrow,furrow,pork.
n.圈,环The troop's stoop on the loop became the top topic at the bus stop.部队在环行道上的屈服在公共汽车站成了头等话题.
noun countable
■the curved shape made when something long and thin, such as a piece of string, bends until one part of it nearly touches or crosses another part of it 圆圈，环形
• belt loops 腰带
• a loop of string 绳套
• the loop of the river 河弯，河套
• The tape ran in a continuous loop, repeating the same songs over and over. 这盒磁带处于回圈播放状态，反反复复地播放那几首歌曲。
■a type of IUD 宫内避孕器
[lu:p] noun countable
be in the loop/be out of the loop informal
■to have or not have the special knowledge or power that belongs to a particular group of people （不）是消息灵通人士；（不）是圈内人
• You can tell she's in the loop. She always knows about policy decisions before the rest of us. 她很明显是圈内人。她总是比我们所有人都更早知道政策决定。
• I've been out of the loop since I changed jobs. I didn't realize Wendy and Bob had got engaged. 我换工作之后一直消息闭塞。我还不知道温蒂和巴布已经订婚了呢。
[lu:p] noun countable
knock / throw sb for a loop US informal
■If something that happens knocks you for a loop, it upsets or confuses you because you do not expect it 使人心烦；使大为惊讶
• He knocked me for a loop when he said he was quitting his job. 他说他要辞职的时候吓了我一跳。
[lu:p] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a loop or curve 缠绕；弯曲
• Loop the rope over the bar. 用绳子在栏杆上缠一圈。
• Turn left where the road loops round the farm buildings. 在这条路绕过农场房屋的地方向左转。
[lu:p] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
loop the loop
■to fly in the shape of a loop in the sky 盘旋，绕圈飞行
vi. 打环； [航] 翻筋斗
 - somersault
n. 环；圈；弯曲部分； [航] 翻筋斗
 - annulus, anulus

Word: acutely
Front: acutely
[əˈkju:tli] (11397/9516 -1)
Back: adv. 尖锐地; 剧烈地
分布：尖锐地(50%)，剧烈地(50%)
adverb
EXTREMELY 极度地
■completely or extremely 完全地；极其
• Management is acutely aware of the resentment that their decision may cause. 管理层非常清楚他们的决定可能会招致愤恨。
• Another scandal would be acutely embarrassing for the government. 如果再出现一次丑闻，政府将陷入极度尴尬之中。
[ə'kju:t.li] adverb
ACCURATELY/CLEVERLY 准确地／聪明地
■in a very clever or detailed way 聪明地、敏锐地
• She acutely identified all the main problems. 她敏锐地指出主要的问题所在。
adv. 尖锐地；剧烈地
 - pointedly, pungently

Word: seventy-five
Front: seventy-five
['sevnti:f'aɪv] None
Back: num. 七十五
n. 七十五，七十五毫米口径大炮
分布：七十五(100%)

Word: unsuccessfully
Front: unsuccessfully
[ˌʌnsək'sesflɪ] (11398/9761)
Back: adv. 不成功地，失败地
分布：失败地(50%)，无用(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不成功的；落空的；失败的
Something that is unsuccessful does not achieve what it was intended to achieve.
例：His efforts were unsuccessful.他的努力失败了。
例：...a second unsuccessful operation on his knee...他第二次失败的膝盖手术
ADJ-GRADED
（尤指事业上）失败的，不成功的
Someone who is unsuccessful does not achieve what they intended to achieve, especially in their career.
例：The difference between successful and unsuccessful people is that successful people put into practice the things they learn...成功者与失败者的区别在于成功者能够学以致用。
例：He and his friend Boris were unsuccessful in getting a job.他和他朋友鲍里斯都没有找到工作。
adv. 失败地；无用
 - abortively

Word: tabloid
Front: tabloid
[ˈtæblɔɪd] (8716/10190 -2)
Vocabulary: tabloid
(once / 2709 pages)
n
A tabloid is a newspaper, especially one that's smaller than a traditional daily paper and focuses on sensational news items. If you're lucky, you might read some juicy tabloid headlines when you pass the corner newsstand.
A tabloid is more likely to print celebrity gossip or crime stories with large photographs than news about international issues or the economy, especially on the front page. Tabloids aren't taken entirely seriously as journalism, although they are very popular and tend to sell well. The word tabloid originally meant "small tablet of medicine" in the 1880's. By 1900, it also meant "a compressed form of anything," including journalism.
WORD FAMILY
tabloid: tabloids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still another tabloid doctored photographs to suggest Mr. Gülen is a Roman Catholic prelate.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He fashioned himself into a regular in the gossip pages, playing the city’s tabloids off each other as he promoted his personal brand.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I don’t want to relate the tabloid stories of his drug abuse, car crashes, jail term, rehab stints, and illnesses.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小报，通俗小报; 药片; 文摘; 小型画报
adj. 摘要的，缩编的; 小报式的; 轰动性的; 扼要的
分布：小报(91%)，小型画报(3%)，扼要的(3%)，药片(3%)
→来自 tablet,药片，-oid,类。比喻用法，即像小药片一样包含各种原料的，后用于指通俗小报， 八卦报纸，缩写于 tabloid journalism.
adjective noun countable
 ADVANCED
■(of or relating to) a type of popular newspaper with small pages which has many pictures and short simple reports 通俗小报（的）
• the tabloid press 通俗小报界
• a tabloid newspaper 通俗小报
n. 小报；药片；文摘；小型画报
 - troche, abridgment
adj. 小报式的；缩略的；轰动性的；扼要的
 - summary, abbreviative

Word: palate
Front: palate
[ˈpælət] (宝 11384/14840 -1)
Vocabulary: palate
(once / 1620 pages)
n
Touch your tongue to the top of your mouth. What you're touching is your palate. Palate is often used when discussing taste in a broader sense, as in: chocolate cake is pleasing to the palate.
A person with an expensive palate likes only high-priced culinary treats. Someone who tastes slight nuances in food is said to have a well-developed palate, and someone who likes only fancy food is said to have a sophisticated palate. In reality, most taste receptors are on the tongue. But that doesn't sound sophisticated at all, does it?
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
palate / palette / pallet
Time for a pop quiz! Choose your words...
When they get back, they should try to incorporate some of that raw beauty into the Rockies' color palate/palette/pallet.
The students gather palates/palettes/pallets during the week and stockpile them for sledding.
Reports are that the company will search out favorite regional foods to pepper the palate/palette/pallet for fans in Baltimore.
The first sentence refers to the range of colors the Rocky Mountains offer. The correct choice is palette. It can also refer to the board an artist uses to mix paints or the range of tone in music:
A dark chocolate in the shape of an artist's palette, with a relief of paint brushes and paints, is filled with a liquor-flavored butter cream.
Engineer and producer Butler brings a rich palette of sounds and styles, often trading in unabashed synth-based tracks.
The second sentence refers to a platform used for moving things: a pallet. The term can also mean a straw mattress or a small bed:
Paper-based honeycomb pallets extend branding surface on displays
They would be cutting demos and doing sessions until one in the morning, so I'd make a little pallet on the couch and crash and stay there all week.
Our final sentence describes Baltimoreans' preference of flavors in food, their palate. Palate can also mean the roof of one's mouth or the taste of something, such as wine:
They had assumed the receptors would be restricted to the tongue, soft palate, upper oesophagus and epiglottis.
The palate has plum, smoke, a surprising taste of apricot, but it is all wrapped in burnt rubber.
WORD FAMILY
palate: palatal, palates+/palatal: palatalise, palatalize, palatals/palatalise: palatalised/palatalize: palatalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But I discovered the human palate is amazingly adaptable, and after two weeks without salt or sugar, I no longer craved them.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Diners’ palates became more refined, and Washington’s restaurant scene exploded.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Keep your palate satisfied by bringing snacks like fruit, protein bars and sandwiches.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 味觉，嗜好; 审美眼光，鉴赏力; <解>腭; [植]下唇瓣
分布：口味(44%)，味觉(38%)，上颚(18%)
→来自拉丁语palatum,腭，上嘴唇。
noun
countable
■the top part of the inside of your mouth 颚
countable usually singular
■a person's ability to taste and judge good food and wine （对美食、美酒的）鉴赏力
• a discriminating palate 敏锐的鉴赏力
n. 味觉；上颚；趣味
 - interest, gustation

Word: connotation
Front: connotation
[ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃn] (研宝 11350/9831 -1)
Vocabulary: connotation
(once / 7949 pages)
n
When you're talking about the implied subtext of words rather than their literal meaning, reach for the noun connotation. A political boss might not want to be called "boss" because of the negative connotations.
From the Latin com- "with" + notare "to mark," this word is all about reading between the lines. The literal meaning (or denotation) of Wall Street, for instance, is "a street in lower Manhattan that's home to many financial institutions," but the same phrase's connotations may include "wealth," "power," or "greed," depending on your experiences and opinions. A closely related word is implication.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
connotation / denotation
A connotation is the feeling a word invokes. But take note! A denotation is what the word literally says. If these words were on a trip, connotation would be the baggage, and denotation would be the traveler.
A connotation is the baggage a word or idea drags around. The word "baggage" often has a negative connotation. If you say someone has baggage, unless they're at the airport, you mean the person is lugging around some drama. Some words, like "awesome birthday cake," have a positive connotation. Here are some other examples:
"Long before the Christian era, people celebrated the winter equinox. Let's remove religious connotations and call it the winter equinox break." (Washington Post)
"I kind of hate that word 'collector' because it has such a financial investment connotation." ( Los Angeles Times)
"Bryan has instead always opted for baseball caps, a fashion item that carries few connotations other than a sense of casualness and youth." (The Guardian)
Denotation is literally the word for a word! It's the literal meaning of a word, a gesture, or any mark, without emotion. No strings attached. The root of denotation means, "make a note of." Let's make a note of these examples:
"In fact, the 'Parks and Recreation' alum said he didn't know the word's medical denotation." (Los Angeles Times)
"Mr. McDougall gave a strange charge to a gesture that, in Baroque dance, probably has a simple denotation." ( New York Times)
People love to read between the lines, so connotation is more popular, but it's often held up against its more rigid friend denotation.
WORD FAMILY
connotation: connotational, connotations+/connotative: connotatively/ connote: connotation, connotative, connoted, connotes, connoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet now the word’s connotations are exclusively negative.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Firing a manager carries inescapable connotations, none of which anyone involved would really wish to be levelled at Bradley.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
She said she received a message stating her request was ineligible as it “may carry connotations offensive to good taste and decency.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 内涵，含义; 言外之意; [逻辑学]内涵
分布：涵义(89%)，言外之意(11%)
【记】con共同，not＝note注意－大家注意的内容－含义
【参】annotation（注解）；denotation（n 表示；符号）connotative（adj 隐含的；有内涵的）
US [ˌkɑ:.nə-] noun countable
■a feeling or idea that is suggested by a particular word although it need not be a part of the word's meaning, or something suggested by an object or situation 内涵意义；隐含意义；联想意义
• The word 'lady' has connotations of refinement and excessive femininity that some women find offensive. lady 一词有优雅和过分娇柔的涵义，因此某些女性觉得该词具有冒犯意。
n. 内涵；含蓄；暗示，隐含意义；储蓄的东西（词、语等）
 - implication, reminder

Word: campsite
Front: campsite
[ˈkæmpsaɪt] (11353/17412)
Back: n. 野营地，露营预定地
分布：露营地(100%)
noun countable (Australian camping ground) (US also campground)
■a piece of land where people on holiday can camp , usually with toilets and places for washing 渡假营地；野营地，宿营地
• The campsite is in a beautiful location next to the beach. 渡假营地坐落在海滩旁边一个美丽的地方。
■US
■a place for one tent at a place where people stay in tents 露营帐篷位，帐篷搭建地
• Our tent was so large that they charged us for two campsites. 我们的帐篷太大了，他们向我们收了两个帐篷位的费用。
n. 营地
 - encampment

Word: depressive
Front: depressive
[dɪˈpresɪv] (11392/16274)
Back: adj. 郁闷的
n. [精神分析学]抑郁症患者
分布：压抑的(60%)，抑郁者(15%)，沉闷的(15%)，压下的(10%)
noun countable
■a person who often suffers from depression 抑郁寡欢的人；抑郁症病人
[dɪ'pres.ɪv] adjective
■suffering from or relating to depression 抑郁寡欢的人；抑郁症病人
• a depressive personality 忧郁的性格
• a depressive disorder/illness 抑郁性精神错乱／疾病
adj. 抑郁的；压抑的
 - repressive

Word: rented
Front: rented
[ˈrentɪd] (11399/9675 -K)
Back: adj. 租用的，租金的
v. 租用( rent的过去式和过去分词 ); 出租（房屋等）; 租借（房屋、土地、机器等）; 撕碎( rend的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：租用的(100%)
adjective
■describes something that you rent (= pay to use) 租用的
• rented accommodation 租住的房屋
adj. 租用的
 - leased
v. 租用；撕裂（rent的过去分词）
 - riven

Word: whack
Front: whack
[wæk] (11376/19115 -1)
Back: vt. 重击，使劲打; 分配; 击败; 削减
n. 重击; 一份儿; 尝试; 状况
时态：whacked, whacking, whacks
分布：重打(29%)，重击(21%)，一份(19%)，尝试(14%)，敲击(10%)，瓜分(7%)
→拟声词。
verb
transitive
■to hit someone or something noisily 猛打，猛击，重击
• He whacked the tree trunk with his stick. 他用手杖猛击树干。
• She whacked him in the mouth. 她猛地一拳打在他的嘴上。
transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to quickly put something somewhere 迅速放置；随意丢放
• "Where shall I put my bag?" "Just whack it in the corner there." “我把书包放在哪里？”“丢到那边角落里就行。”
[wæk] noun
SHARE 一份
[S or U] informal
■a share or part 一份；一部分
• Low earners will pay only half the charge but high earners will have to pay full whack (= pay the whole amount). 低收入人士只需支付一半的费用，而高收入人士则需支付全额费用。
• That's not a fair whack. 这一份太少了。
top whack UK informal
■the highest possible price or payment 最高价格（或支付额）
• They're prepared to pay top whack for goods like this. 他们愿意为这样的货物出最高价格。
[wæk] noun
NOT RIGHT 不正常的
out of whack US informal
■not operating correctly or looking right 出毛病的，不正常的
• You can use Carol's old bike - the gears are out of whack, but it still goes. 你可以骑卡罗尔的旧脚踏车——齿轮可能有点问题，但还能骑。
[wæk] noun
HIT 打
countable
■the action of hitting someone or something noisily 猛打，猛击，重击
• He gave the ball a whack with his stick. 他用球棒猛击了一下球。
vt. 重打；猛击；击败；削减
 - defeat, overtype
n. 重击；尝试；份儿；机会
 - opportunity, chance, opening, stroke, room
vi. 重击
 - pound on, gang bang

Word: washer
Front: washer
[ˈwɒʃə(r)] (11379/15321 -1)
Back: n. 洗涤者; 洗涤器; 洗衣机
分布：垫圈(89%)，洗涤机(6%)，洗衣者(5%)
洗衣机(wash洗)[-er 1.表名词"…人"2.表名词"物品,机器"3.表名词"反复做"]
US ['wɑ:.ʃɚ] noun countable
RING 圈
■a flat ring of metal, rubber or plastic which is put especially between a screw or bolt and a surface in order to improve the connection between them or between joined pipes to seal their connection （螺丝帽下或管道介面处的）垫圈，垫片
UK ['wɒʃ.ər] US ['wɑ:.ʃɚ] noun countable
MACHINE 机器 informal
■a washing machine
n. [机] 垫圈； [矿业] [车辆] 洗涤器； [电] 洗衣人
 - gasket, facing ring

Word: insert
Front: insert
[ɪnˈsɜ:t] (高研四六托雅宝 4301/3796 -K2)
Vocabulary: insert
(once / 348 pages)
vn
When you insert something or someone, you put it into something else. You could insert yourself into a conversation, or you could insert a comma into the sentence you just wrote.
The verb insert comes from the Latin in-, meaning “into,” and serere, meaning "to join." When you insert yourself into a conversation, you’re joining in, whether your friends want you to or not. Insert can also mean to fit snugly into, or to tuck. You might fit a card into an envelope that fits it perfectly, or insert first one leg and then another into a pair of tights.
WORD FAMILY
insert: inserted, inserting, insertion, inserts+/ insertion: insertions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Massachusetts, unlike many other states, explicitly allows transgender youth to wear binders to compress their breasts, or breast-like inserts under their shirts.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Typically, they are added every two or three years, although the last one was inserted just 18 months ago in June 2015.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Hospital staff managed to insert a tube into his chest and stabilize him.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 插入; 嵌入; （在文章中）添加; 加插
n. 添入物（尤指一页印刷品图中插入或套印的小图）; （书报的）插页; 插入物; 添加物
时态：inserted, inserting, inserts
分布：插入(94%)，嵌入(3%)，插入物(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-sert,连接，词源同assert,series.引申词义插入。
插入,嵌进(in进入+sert→加入进来→插入)[sert=join,insert表示"加入,插入"]
v.插入,嵌入;登载n.插入物The assessor asserts that he inserted the deserted desserts in the desert with alert.估价人认定他用警惕把被抛弃的甜点心插入沙漠中.
【记】in进入，sert插一插入
【参】exsert（vt 使突出；使伸出）
【反】remove（vt 移动；拿走）
US [-ˈsɜ˞ːt/
■to put something inside something else, or to add something, especially words, to something else 插入，添加（尤指文字）
• Insert the key in/into the lock. 将锁匙插入锁中。
• I've filled in the form, but you still need to insert (= add) your bank details and date of birth. 我已填了表，但你还要填上你的帐户资料和出生日期。
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.sɜːt] US [-sɜ˞ːt/
■something that is made to go inside or into something else 插入物
• These magazines have too many annoying inserts (= extra loose pages) advertising various products. 这些杂志里令人讨厌的各类产品广告插页太多。
vt. 插入； [建] 嵌入
 - bed, build in
n. [建] 插入物
 - inlet, impaler

Word: seminal
Front: seminal
[ˈsemɪnl] (宝 11387/14530 -1)
Vocabulary: seminal
(once / 7392 pages)
adj
Call something seminal when it's so original, so groundbreaking and awesome that it will influence everything that comes after it. Picasso produced more than a few seminal works of art, for example.
Technically, seminal means something related to semen or seeds. But these days people more often use the word to describe something that plants the seed for creative growth. An innovative piece of music or literature, a fresh new idea, or an invention that changes everything could each be called seminal. Synonyms include critical, fundamental, original, and primary.
WORD FAMILY
seminal: seminally
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his seminal achievement came in the area of biostatistics.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
We do that today by producing powerful plays that explore a seminal moment or political figure in American politics.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Detailed and lucid accounts of seminal texts highlight the variety of Jewish experience.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 种子的，精液的; 升值的
分布：精液的(38%)，种子的(25%)，生殖的(16%)，影响深远的(16%)，创新的(5%)
→来自 semen, 精子， 精液，-ar,形容词后缀。 引申词义萌芽的， 影响深远的。 拼写比较 omen,ominous.
繁殖的;开创性的[semin=vseed,表示"种子"]
【记】semin种，al－种子的－有创见的
【参】disseminate（v 散布；播种）
【反】hampering further development（阻碍发展）；derivative（adj 派生的）
adjective
IMPORTANT 重要的 formal
■containing important new ideas and having a great influence on later work 具有开拓性的；有深远影响的
• She wrote a seminal article on the subject while she was still a student. 她在学生时期就写了一篇有关该主题的文章，文章影响深远。
• He played a seminal role in the formation of the association. 他在协会的创立过程中起了奠基性作用。
['sem.ɪ.nəl] adjective
LIQUID 液体
[before noun] specialized
■connected with semen 精液的
• seminal fluid 精液
adj. 种子的；精液的；生殖的
 - reproductive, spermic

Word: bidder
Front: bidder
[ˈbɪdə(r)] (11394/8203)
Back: n. 出价者，投标人; 命令者，嘱咐者; [牌]叫牌人
分布：投标人(87%)，出价人(13%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone who offers to pay a particular amount of money for something 出价最高的人
• In an auction, goods or property are sold to the highest bidder (= the person who offers the most money). 在拍卖中，货物或地产会卖给出价最高的人。
n. [金融] 投标人；出价人；命令者
 - tenderer, dictator

Word: after-school
Front: after-school
['ɑ:ftərsk'u:l] (-1)
Back: adj. 课外的
分布：课外的(100%)
ADJ
课外的
After-school activities are those that are organized for children in the afternoon or evening after they have finished school.
例：...an after-school childcare scheme.一项课后托管孩子的计划
adj. 课后的，课外的
 - extra-curricular

Word: skeletal
Front: skeletal
[ˈskelətl] (11395/12075)
Back: adj. 骨骼的，骸骨的; 骨瘦如柴的
分布：骨骼的(67%)，骸骨的(22%)，梗概的(11%)
→skeleton,骨骼，骨架，-al,形容词后缀。
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■of or like a skeleton (= frame of bones) 骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的
• Her body was skeletal (= very thin). 她骨瘦如柴。
• He suffered serious skeletal injuries in the accident. 他在事故中骨头严重受伤。
■describes something that exists in its most basic form 轮廓的，最基本的，大概的
• The newspaper report gave only a skeletal account of the debate. 报纸只报道了辩论的大致情况。
adj. [生物] 骨骼的，像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的
 - boned, osteal

Word: menacing
Front: menacing
[ˈmenəsɪŋ] (11407/11980 -1)
Vocabulary: menacing
(once / 1087 pages)
adj
Something that is menacing is threatening or suggestive of coming danger. If you’re backing away slowly from something, you can probably use the adjective menacing to describe it!
Menacing means “threatening” — whether it’s on purpose or not. A menacing tone is intended to scare you, but that menacing raincloud isn’t actually trying to ruin your day. Menacing can describe the behavior of a menace, but only the mean or dangerous kind — not just a pest: "The raccoon that always knocks over your garbage can is a menace, but it's not menacing (unless it also chases you around your house)."
WORD FAMILY
menacing: menacingly+/ menace: menaced, menaces, menacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
They remained drawn to their team’s brash play and menacing image even though its performance on the field was often uninspiring.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Bayer Bee Care Center in Germany includes menacing sculptures of the little pest.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was charged with trespass, menacing, harassment, disorderly conduct and unlawful use of a weapon.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 威胁的; 险恶的
v. 威胁(menace的现在分词); 恐吓
分布：威胁的(90%)，动词menace的现在分词形式.(10%)
→来自menace,威胁。
adjective
■making you think that someone is going to do something bad 威胁的；威吓的；构成威胁的
• a menacing look/gesture 威胁的眼神／手势
adj. 威胁的；险恶的
 - intimidatory, minatory
v. 威胁（menace的ing形式）；恐吓
 - threatening

Word: debilitating
Front: debilitating
[dɪ'bɪlɪteɪtɪŋ] (11408/14205)
Vocabulary: debilitating
(once / 8596 pages)
adj
Something that's debilitating seriously affects someone or something's strength or ability to carry on with regular activities, like a debilitating illness.
Debilitating comes from the Latin word debilis, meaning "weak." That's why you'll often see the adjective used to describe illness. After all, serious diseases weaken the body. Other things that can be debilitating are those that can stop you from reaching a goal, like a debilitating snow storm that forces you to stay home, or debilitating shyness that keeps you from reaching out to the people you want to meet.
WORD FAMILY
debilitating: debilitatingly+/debile: debility/ debilitate: debilitated, debilitates, debilitating, debilitation, debilitative/debilitation: debilitations/debility: debilitate, debilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He reached AFC championship game following 2014 season and managed to pretty much break even despite series of debilitating injuries.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The president-elect seems to offer equal chances of constitutional crisis and utter, debilitating incompetence.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
On his first return to America after the October revolution, he got bogged down in a debilitating series of trials for sedition as a communist.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: v. 使（人或人的身体）非常虚弱( debilitate的现在分词 )
分布：使衰弱的(67%)，动词debilitate的现在分词形式.(33%)
VERB
使虚弱;使衰弱
If you are debilitated by something such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker.
例：Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus.昨天拉塞尔因肠胃病毒感染身体不适，由斯图尔特暂时接手。
VERB
削弱（组织、社团或政府）的力量
To debilitate an organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker.
例：...their efforts to debilitate the political will of the Western alliance.他们试图削弱西方联盟的政治决心的努力

Word: rainforest
Front: rainforest
[ˈreɪnfɒrɪst] (六 11383/7451 -1)
Vocabulary: rainforest
(once / 23498 pages)
n
A rainforest is a dense, damp forest with a huge number of different kinds of plants and animals. Scientists believe there may be millions of species in rainforests that haven't been discovered yet.
There are two kinds of rainforests, tropical and temperate. Temperate rainforests are much smaller, and there are fewer of them. Most rainforests in the United States (in the Pacific Northwest and Alaska) are temperate. Tropical rainforests are remarkably wet and warm, with frequent rain and thick growth of trees and plants. Hawaii has the US's only tropical rainforests.
WORD FAMILY
rainforest: rainforests
USAGE EXAMPLES
The people live in a very remote part of the rainforest and the Acre state government is relatively sympathetic to indigenous people’s rights.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
I shot this at Amboli, south Maharashtra in India, on 24 July 2016 during a morning stroll in the rainforest.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Scientists are using lasers to accurately "weigh" trees in the tropical rainforests.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （热带）雨林
分布：雨林(100%)
US [-fɔ:r-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a forest in a tropical area which receives a lot of rain 热带雨林
• a tropical rainforest 一片热带雨林

Word: relieved
Front: relieved
[rɪˈli:vd] (托宝 11380/4947 -2)
Vocabulary: relieved
(once / 233 pages)
1adj 2adj
Were you nervous about that math test because you didn't study hard enough? Well, you'll be relieved to learn that it's been canceled. You can relax! What a relief.
Relieved is the adjective equivalent to the noun "relief." To get relief is to be relieved. At the supermarket, they might have a whole section devoted to pain-relievers. Got a headache? Take a couple and you'll likely be relieved of your pain. Interestingly, you can also use relieved to describe someone who's been fired or had their responsibilities taken away. After one too many unfunny shows, the clown was relieved of his duties: he had to hand in his little red nose.
WORD FAMILY
relieved: relievedly, unrelieved+/ relief: reliefs/ relieve: relief, relieved, reliever, relieves, relieving/reliever: relievers/unrelieved: unrelievedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cities argued in a November hearing that it should be relieved from the 1994 court order.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Relieved at my innocence, but amused by my stupidity, they laughed for roughly 17 years.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“I didn’t want to be shot. I was scared but also relieved it was over.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: adj. 放心的; 宽慰的
v. 解除(relieve的过去分词); 减轻; 使得到解脱; 使宽慰
分布：放心的(67%)，放松的(25%)，动词relieve的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■happy that something unpleasant has not happened or has ended 宽慰的；放心的；解脱的
• [+ to infinitive] I'm so relieved to find you - I thought you'd already gone. 找到你我就放心了——我还以为你已经走了呢。
• He was relieved to see Jeannie reach the other side of the river safely. 看到珍妮安全到达河对岸，他心头一块石头落了地。
• [+ (that)] I'm relieved (that) you didn't tell her. 你没有告诉她，我就放心了。
v. 减轻；解除（relieve的过去分词）
 - alleviated

Word: geopolitical
Front: geopolitical
[ˌdʒi:əʊpə'lɪtɪkl] (11410/36497)
Back: adj. 地理政治学的
分布：地理政治学的(100%)
ADJ
地缘政治（学）的
Geopolitical means relating to or concerned with geopolitics.
例：Hungary and Poland have suffered before because of their unfortunate geopolitical position on the European map.匈牙利和波兰因其在欧洲地图上的极为不利的地缘政治位置而备受磨难。

Word: customize
Front: customize
[ˈkʌstəmaɪz] (11372/45556 -1)
Vocabulary: customize
(once / 9579 pages)
v
To customize something is to make it exactly how you want it. If you put stickers all over your plain old notebook, you customize it.
If you see the word customer in customize, you’re onto something — to customize is to make something to a customer’s specifications. When clothes are customized — or tailored — they’re made with you in mind, specifically. A customized suit should fit perfectly. If you customize your car, it could be bright pink with eyelashes on the headlights. Or not.
WORD FAMILY
customize: customized, customizes, customizing+/ custom: customary, customise, customize, customs / customary: customarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Zach Both left his office job last summer, customized a Chevy van and hit the road.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
We were promised customized care at a blind rehab center.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Currently, mobile payment methods are fragmented and often customized by product providers, such as Starbucks Corp.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 定制，定做; 按规格改制
时态：customized, customizing, customizes
(UK usually customise) ['kʌs.tə.maɪz] verb transitive
■to make or change something according to the buyer's or user's needs （按顾客要求）订制，订做，改制

Word: consent
Front: consent
[kənˈsent] (研四六雅宝 4391/2503 -2)
Vocabulary: consent
(once / 100 pages)
vn
Before you have surgery, you'd better give your consent, because the surgeon can't get his scalpel anywhere near your skin without first getting this permission from you.
Consent is permission that can be given or taken away. A father might give his consent to allow a young man to marry his daughter, but he might refuse that consent if he learns that the prospective groom has a prison record. A homeowner who won't give a developer consent to tear down her house and build a shopping mall might finally consent after receiving a very large check from the developer.
WORD FAMILY
consent: consentaneous, consented, consenting, consents+/consentaneous: consentaneously/ consenting: consentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Minnesota’s burglary law includes entering a building without consent and with the intent to commit a crime.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Morris consented to a blood test in the hospital after the crash and was above the legal limit.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Like other right-wingers, she seemed to think the problem with the tape was Trump’s foul language, rather than the whole rapey/consent thing.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 准许，赞同; 同意; （意见等的）一致
vi. 同意; 赞成，赞同; 允许
时态：consented, consenting, consents
分布：同意(90%)，答应(6%)，赞成(4%)
→con-, 强调。-sens, 感觉，词源同sense, sentiment.
同意,答应(con共同+sent→共同感觉→同意)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
v./n.(to)同意,赞成,答应The absent-minded student consents to the sentence in the presence of me.心不在焉的学生在我面前同意这份判决.
noun uncountable slightly formal
 ADVANCED
■permission or agreement 许可，允许；同意
• They can't publish your name without your consent. 未经你的同意他们不能公布你的名字。
• You can only come on the trip if your parents give their consent. 只有你父母允许，你才能参加这次旅行。
by common consent
■most people agree 大多数人同意；普遍认可
• Her latest film, by common consent, is her best yet. 她的最新电影被普遍认为是她迄今最好的作品。
[kən'sent] verb intransitive
■to agree to do something, or to allow someone to do something 同意；答应；许可，允许
• [+ to infinitive] Very reluctantly, I've consented to lend her my car. 我很不情愿地答应把车借给她。
• My aunt never married because her father wouldn't consent to her marriage. 我姑妈终生未嫁，因为她父亲不同意她的婚事。
approve, consent, subscribe, comply, agree
这组词都有“同意、赞同”的意思，其区别是：
approve: 侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与of连用。
consent: 指同意别人的请求、建议或满足他人的愿望，着重意愿或感情，常和to连用。
subscribe: 指完全地赞成已阐明的立场。多用于比较愿意支持一种立场或为一种立场所辨护的情况。
comply: 指答应某人已经提出或可能要求做的某事，与with连用。
agree: 普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。
vi. 同意；赞成；答应
 - grant, comply, engage
n. 同意；（意见等的）一致；赞成
 - agreement, accordance, unity, identity, yes

Word: caveat
Front: caveat
[ˈkæviæt] (宝 11411/15157)
Vocabulary: caveat
(once / 6671 pages)
n
A caveat is a warning. When someone adds a caveat to something they’re telling you to beware — maybe what they’re telling you comes with certain conditions or maybe there’s something dangerous lurking.
When your new friend gives you directions to her house, and then says, “The caveat is that when it snows the driveway turns into an ice rink,” she's warning you that your travels could be dangerous. Caveat is also a legal term for when a lawyer asks for a break in proceedings. If a lawyer issues a caveat, she's filing a formal notice to suspend a trial until her client gets a hearing.
WORD FAMILY
caveat: caveats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kurt Svoboda, an athletics department spokesman, suggested that was an important caveat.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Even when the U.S. ratifies treaties, the government often adds a caveat that excludes protection of some basic rights.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
This cautious optimism is tempered with a very big caveat, however …
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 警告，附加说明
分布：警告(95%)，防止误解的说明(5%)
【记】cave at：在你的手上cave一刀，看你再敢偷东西－警告
['kæv.i.æt] formal
noun countable
■a warning to consider something before acting further, or a statement which limits a more general statement; a proviso （进一步行动前的）警告，告诫；限制条款
• He agreed to the interview, with the caveat that he could approve the final article. 他答应会面，附带说他可能会同意最后一项条款。
n. 警告；中止诉讼手续的申请；货物出门概不退换；停止支付的广告
 - warning, admonition

Word: arithmetic
Front: arithmetic
[əˈrɪθmətɪk] (高研四六托 11378/8791 -1)
Vocabulary: arithmetic
(once / 1004 pages)
nadj
Arithmetic is another word for math, specifically the areas of math having to do with numbers and calculating.
If you're good at adding, subtracting, dividing, and multiplying, then you're good at arithmetic, which is a big part of math. Arithmetic has to do with doing calculations. To answer most math problems, including almost all word problems, you need arithmetic. The most basic arithmetic is 2 plus 2, but as anyone who's ever taken algebra can tell you, it can get a lot more complicated than that.
WORD FAMILY
arithmetic: arithmetical, arithmetically, arithmetician, arithmetics+/arithmetician: arithmeticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Polls put her conservative bloc well ahead of rivals, but a fractured electoral landscape adds uncertainty to the coalition arithmetic.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
More recently, we’ve sent arithmetic, concerts of Vivaldi and Gershwin, and the Beatles song “Across the Universe.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
To get championship probability from win probability is simple arithmetic: win probability multiplied by championship value.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 算术，计算; 算法
分布：算术(77%)，计算(17%)，算术的(6%)
→词根arith, 计算，词源同read, 读，计算。-m, 插入鼻音字母。
算术(arithm计算+etic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
n.算术,四则运算With rhythm, the arithmetic teacher put the artist's artificial articles on the vehicle.算术老师把艺术家的人造物品有节奏地放到运载工具里.
US [-tˌɪk] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the part of mathematics that involves the adding and multiplying, etc. of numbers 算术
• I've never been very good at arithmetic. 我从来不擅长算术。
• an arithmetic test 算术考试
 ADVANCED
■calculations involving adding and multiplying, etc. numbers 算术运算；演算；计算
• I did some quick mental arithmetic and decided it was going to cost too much. 我快速心算了一下，觉得费用会太高。
• I can't work out which of these packets of washing powder is cheaper - could you do the arithmetic for me? 我弄不清楚哪种包装的洗衣粉便宜些，你能帮我算一算吗？
n. [数] 算术，算法
 - algorithm, number

Word: spore
Front: spore
[spɔ:(r)] (11369/16884 -1)
Back: n. 孢子; 胚种; （事物的）根源，原因
v. 长孢子
分布：孢子(99%)，产生孢子(1%)
→来自希腊语 spora,种子，播种，来自 speirein,播种，来自 sper,播洒，播种，词源同
【记】从pore毛孔里长出spore
US [spɔ:r] noun countable
■a reproductive cell produced by some plants and simple organisms such as ferns and mushrooms 孢子

Word: patterned
Front: patterned
[ˈpætənd] (11412/10001 -1)
Back: adj. 有图案的; 组成图案的
v. 模仿; 以图案装饰; 复写; 使形成
分布：有图案的(74%)，组成图案的(20%)，动词pattern的过去式和过去分词形式.(6%)
US ['pætˌ.ɚnd] adjective
■with a design made from repeated lines, shapes or colours on the surface 有图案的，有花样的
• patterned textiles/wallpaper 印有图案的纺织品／壁纸
adj. 有图案的，组成图案的
 - figured

Word: targeted
Front: targeted
['tɑːɡɪtɪd] (11396/21176)
Back: [医]定向的
分布：目标(77%)，靶(12%)，瞄准(5%)，对象(5%)，把 ... 作为目标(1%)
adj. 定向的；被定为攻击目标的
 - directed, oriented

Word: folklore
Front: folklore
[ˈfəʊklɔ:(r)] (托宝 11419/11883 -1)
Vocabulary: folklore
(once / 4181 pages)
n
Stories, customs, and beliefs that are passed from one generation to the next are called folklore. According to folklore, you shouldn't take rocks from the volcanoes in Hawaii because Pele, the volcano goddess, will be angry and curse you.
Folklore is a combination of the words folk and lore which dates from 1846. The former refers to a community of people, and the latter comes from the Old English lar, meaning learning or knowledge. Folk, in this sense, is also used in terms like folk music, folk dance, and folktale. Although traditionally folklore is passed along by word of mouth, in the modern era much folklore is being collected on the Internet.
WORD FAMILY
folklore: folklores
USAGE EXAMPLES
A first book often ends childhood: Prikryl’s gorgeous, elegiac work borrows from folklore its bright aesthetic and swift, severe logic of causation.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Mikkelson’s pursuit of investigating and sometimes disproving stories submitted by Internet users began with an interest in folklore and the psychology of hoaxes.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Now it sat on a flatbed truck, accompanied by a hint of folklore.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 民间传说; 民俗学; 民间创作
分布：民间传说(54%)，民俗学(39%)，民间风俗(7%)
【记】folk（adj 民间的），lore（n 传说；学问；知识）
【参】folktale（n 民间故事）
US ['foʊk.lɔ:r] noun uncountable
■the traditional stories and culture of a group of people 民间传说；民俗
• Her books are often based on folklore and fairy-tales. 她的书常常以民间传说和神话故事为创作基础。
• In Irish folklore, the leprechaun had a large piece of gold. 爱尔兰民间传说中的小矮妖有一大块金子。
• Arguments between directors and stars are part of the folklore of Hollywood. 导演和演员之间发生争吵已成为好莱坞传统的一部分。

Word: bustling
Front: bustling
[ˈbʌslɪŋ] (11414/14912)
Back: adj. 繁忙的，熙熙攘攘的
v. 闹哄哄地忙乱，奔忙( bustle的现在分词 ); 催促
分布：熙熙攘攘的(75%)，忙碌的(13%)，喧嚣(9%)，动词bustle的现在分词.(3%)
adjective
■If a place is bustling, it is full of busy activity 熙熙攘攘的，忙乱的
• This used to be a bustling town but a lot of people have moved away over recent years. 这儿曾经是个繁荣的市镇，但近年来许多人都搬走了。
• The house, usually bustling with activity, was strangely silent. 这栋平时总是热闹非常的房子安静得出奇。

Word: publicist
Front: publicist
[ˈpʌblɪsɪst] (11405/22220 -1)
Vocabulary: publicist
(once / 4385 pages)
n
A publicist creates a media buzz for movie stars, restaurants, or whoever else needs attention. A publicist for a new restaurant might send out a press release to newspapers and magazines announcing the opening, emphasizing the fabulous.
Those whose careers depend on getting attention in the media (on TV and the internet, for example) sometimes pay a publicist to generate coverage in the press. Actors, restaurants, writers, and oil companies are all things or people that commonly use publicists. In the eighteenth century, the word instead meant "person who knows public law" or "writer on current topics."
WORD FAMILY
publicist: publicists+/ public: nonpublic, publically, publicise, publicity, publicize, publicly, publics, semipublic/publicise: publicised, publiciser, publicising/ publicity: publicist, publicities/ publicize: publicized, publicizer, publicizes, publicizing/publicizer: publicizers/semipublic: semipublicly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After some hemming and hawing that involved five publicists — welcome to Hollywood — the Stallone family declined my requests for interviews.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At the time, the singer’s U.S. publicist told People magazine that the cause was heart failure and that he passed away “peacefully.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Shortly after Reynolds’ death was announced Wednesday I got a text from the publicist who was at the interview that day.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 宣传人员; 宣传代理人; 政论家; 时事评论员
分布：国际法学家(33%)，宣传员(31%)，政治评论家(26%)，政治记者(10%)
→来自public,公众的，公开的，-ist,人。
noun countable
■someone who arranges publicity for a person or organization by giving information to reporters and broadcasters and arranging public meetings and special events 宣传员；广告人员；公关人员
n. 国际法学家；宣传人员；公法学家
 - internationalist

Word: Chinese
Front: Chinese
[,tʃai'ni:z] (中高雅 1218/2214)
Back: n. 中文，汉语；中国人
adj. 中国的，中国人的；中国话的
分布：中国的(39%)，中国人(36%)，汉语(15%)，中国人的(6%)，汉语的(4%)
[tʃaɪ'ni:z] (plural Chinese)
adjective noun countable
■Chinese 中国的／中国人

Word: subvert
Front: subvert
[səbˈvɜ:t] (托宝 11404/12159 -1)
Vocabulary: subvert
(once / 1310 pages)
v
When you subvert something, your words or actions criticize or undermine the usual way of doing something or common values. The girl who wears a tuxedo to the prom might subvert traditional ideas about beauty.
To subvert an institution like a school or a government is to overthrow it or stop its normal way of functioning. Subvert comes from the Latin word subvertere, which combines the prefix sub, under, and the suffix vertere, to turn. So you can imagine something that subverts as overturning or flipping the usual way of doing things, like a student who subverts a teacher's authority, causing chaos in the classroom.
WORD FAMILY
subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts+/ subversion: countersubversion, subversions/ subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Younger also warned that "hybrid warfare", which included cyber-attacks and subverting democracy, was becoming an "increasingly dangerous phenomenon".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
For any American leader, an attempt to subvert U.S. democracy ought to be unforgivable — even if he is the intended beneficiary.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
What if he tries to subvert investigations of Russian hacking that are being conducted by our intelligence agencies and Congress?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 颠覆，推翻; 破坏; 搅乱人心; 败坏风化
时态：subverted, subverting, subverts
分布：颠覆(68%)，推翻(25%)，毁灭(5%)，使败坏(2%)
→sub-,在下，-vert,转，词源同 verse,convert.引申词义颠覆，暗中破坏等。
【记】sub下面，vert转－在下面转－推翻
【反】reinforce（v 加强）
US [-'vɝ:t] formal
verb transitive
■to try to destroy or damage something, especially an established political system 破坏，动摇，颠覆（尤指已有的政治体系）
• The rebel army is attempting to subvert the government. 叛军试图推翻政府。
• Our best intentions are sometimes subverted by our natural tendency to selfishness. 我们的良好意图有时会被自私的本性破坏。
vt. 颠覆；推翻；破坏
 - destroy, upset

Word: offensive
Front: offensive
[əˈfensɪv] (研六托宝 3168/5947 -K3)
Vocabulary: offensive
(once / 247 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adjn
Offensive describes rude or hurtful behavior, or a military or sports incursion into on opponent's territory. In any context, "on the offensive" means on the attack.
Although offense and defense are opposites, offensive and defensive aren't always. Defensive can mean anxiously challenging of all criticism. Offensive can mean not just attacking someone or something, but belching, insulting people, or otherwise not respecting common standards of behavior.
WORD FAMILY
offensive: counteroffensive, inoffensive, offensively, offensiveness, offensives+/counteroffensive: counteroffensives/ inoffensive: inoffensively/ offend: offended, offender, offending, offends, offensive / offended: offendedly/ offender: offenders/offending: unoffending/unoffending: unoffendingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’d decided to remain in Baltimore as the offensive coordinator of the Ravens.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Gordon followed with a layup from an offensive rebound, and the Rockets comfortably led by 10 near the final minute.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The last and most common argument against Prescott for MVP—as well as Elliott for MVP—is that outstanding Dallas offensive line.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 无礼的，冒犯的，唐突的; 讨厌的，令人不快的; 进攻（性）的，攻击的，攻势的
n. 进攻，攻势
分布：攻势(49%)，攻击(38%)，冒犯的(6%)，令人不快的(6%)，与进攻有关的(1%)
→来自offend,进攻，冒犯。
冒犯的(of+fens+ive)[fend,fens=strke,表示"打击"]
a.冒犯的,攻击的n.攻势,进攻The offensive offender defended himself with the fence.那个讨厌的触犯者用篱笆自卫.
adjective
UPSETTING 冒犯
 IMPROVER
■causing offence 冒犯的；令人不快的，讨厌的
• This programme contains language that some viewers might find offensive. 这个节目使用了某些观众可能觉得不快的语言。
• He told some really offensive sexist jokes. 他讲了一些极令人不快的性别歧视的笑话。
Opposite inoffensive unpleasant 讨厌的；令人不愉快的
• offensive smells 难闻的味道
[ə'fent.sɪv] adjective
ATTACKING 进攻
■used for attacking 进攻（性）的；攻击的
• Since the other side had taken offensive action (= attacked) , we had no choice but to defend ourselves. 既然对方已经采取了攻势，我们除了自卫别无选择。
• Knives of any sort are classed as offensive weapons. 任何刀具都属于攻击性武器。
[ə'fent.sɪv] noun countable
■a planned military attack （军事）进攻，攻势
• They launched the land offensive in the middle of the night. 他们在午夜发动了地面进攻。
• UN troops have gone on the offensive (= started to attack). 联合国军队已经开始进攻。
take the offensive
■to attack first 率先攻击；先发制人
aggression, invasion, assault, attack, offensive
这些名词均有“进攻、侵略”之意。
aggression: 词义宽泛，既可指武装入侵别国领土，又可指文化、经济等方面的侵略。侧重敌意行动和征服的企图。
invasion: 多指具体的侵入或侵犯别国领土，也可用于指抽象事件。
assault: 主要指突然而猛烈的进攻。
attack: 普通用词，含义广，指事先不发警告，主动地向对方发起武力进攻或对言论等进行抨击。
offensive: 多指进攻的态势，常指大规模的协同军事行动。
adj. 攻击的；冒犯的；无礼的；讨厌的
 - evil, rank
n. 攻势；攻击
 - attack, attempt, push

Word: phase
Front: phase
[feɪz] (研四六托雅 2244/1682 -K3)
Vocabulary: phase
(once / 317 pages)
1nv 2n
A phase is a particular period of time, like someone whose "teenage rebellion" phase lasts well into her thirties.
The word phase can mean a stage in a person’s development or a step in a process, such as “the next phase in the Interstate 57 project.” Phase can also be a verb, usually followed by in or out, to mean slowly introducing or getting rid of something. For example, your school might phase in a new rule or phase out an old one, as new students arrive.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
faze / phase
To faze is to disturb, bother, or embarrass, but a phase is a stage or step. It could faze your family if your princess phase lasts well into your college years.
Faze entered English around 1830 through American English as a variant of feeze, to mean "frighten." It's often in the negative, like when your mellow brother is unfazed by your crazy Cinderella costumes. Don't let these examples faze you:
Gasser didn't seem fazed by his teammates' early shooting woes. (Seattle Times)
Morgan doesn't seem fazed by Google overwhelming influence in the tech world. (Forbes)
A phase is a stage, like the phases of the moon or the awkward phase of teenage rebellion. As a verb, it means to do something in stages, like to phase something in or out:
Education officials are now considering phasing out the middle school grades and possibly housing a new district or charter middle school in the same building. (New York Times)
We will finish Phase One, and then we will look at Phase Two," says Peter Voser, Shell's chief executive officer. (Business Week)
I never know if musicians see bands going through all these different phases the way outsiders or music critics do. (Time)
Confusing phase for faze is an error that usage guru Bryan Garner notes as being at stage 2 of language change: having spread to a "significant fraction of the language community" but remaining "unacceptable in standard usage." So don't get them mixed up.
To keep them straight: something that fazes or bothers you might make you want to fight, but please pass through your princess phase as soon as possible.
WORD FAMILY
phase: multiphase, phased, phases, phasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If not” is a dangerous thought for a team about to enter the win-or-else phase of its rebuilding.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
There are three more phases planned for the project.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The start of the penalty phase, originally set for Tuesday, was pushed back a day.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 相，周相; 阶段; [物理学]相位; 方面，侧面
vt. 分阶段实行; 调整相位
vi. 分阶段进行
时态：phased, phasing, phases
分布：阶段(70%)，相位(20%)，时期(4%)，方面(3%)，局面(2%)，逐步执行(1%)
→来自希腊语phasis,月相，星相，来自phainein,出现，显示，来自bha,照明，光照，词源同beacon,phantasm.引申词义相位，阶段。
n.阶段,状态,时期;相,相位In occasional case the phrase emphasizes the importance of the phase to the laser.在偶然情况下该短句强调了相位对于激光的重要性.
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■any stage in a series of events or in a process of development （发展或变化的）阶段，时期
• The project is only in the initial phase as yet, but it's looking quite promising. 该专案计划到目前为止才刚起步，但看起来大有可为。
• We're entering a new phase in international relations. 我们现正进入国际关系的新阶段。
 IMPROVER
■a period of strange or difficult behaviour, especially that a young child or person goes through, that will stop after a while 时期（尤指孩童或成人经历的一段行为怪异或让人费解的时期）
• When I was in my early teens I went through a phase of only ever wearing black. 我在十几岁的时候有一阵子只穿黑色衣服。
 IMPROVER
■The phases of the moon are the regular changes in its shape as it appears to us on Earth. （月亮的）位相，盈亏
[feɪz] noun countable
in phase/out of phase
■If two things are happening in/out of phase they are reaching the same or related stages at the same time/at different times. 同步／不同步
[feɪz] verb transitive often passive
■to introduce something in stages over a particular period of time 分阶段实施，逐步进行
• The reduction in armed forces will be phased over the next ten years. 裁军将在未来十年内分阶段进行。
[feɪz] verb transitive often passive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] phase sth in
■to introduce something gradually or in stages 逐步采用；分阶段实施
• They will phase the new health care system in over a period of five years. 他们将在五年内逐步实施新的医疗保健体系。
[feɪz] verb transitive often passive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] phase sth out
■to remove or stop using something gradually or in stages 逐步淘汰，分阶段停止使用
aspect, side, phase, angle
这组词都有“方面”的意思，其区别是：
aspect: 着重以特定观点对事物进行观察或考虑。
side: 可与aspect和phase换用，但更着重构成事物全貌的一个或多个方面。
phase: 指可以对事物进行观察或描述或考虑的任何方面。
angle: 专指从某一角度去观察、考虑事物的某个方面。
n. [物] 相；阶段； [天] 位相
 - stage, age, grade

Word: gruesome
Front: gruesome
[ˈgru:səm] (宝 11393/14357 -1)
Vocabulary: gruesome
(once / 2801 pages)
adj
Gothic novels, horror movies, and crime dramas don't shy away from showing gruesome scenes of death, pictures that inspire fright and repulsion. Synonyms include "ghastly," "grisly," "loathsome," and "macabre."
Once upon a time, English contained a variety of words related to gruesome. The verb grue meant "to shudder," just as its Middle Dutch source gruwen did. Grueful and grueing also conveyed the sense of shivering with horror and disgust. All of these variations have been lost leaving us only with gruesome. Texting while driving has caused many gruesome accidents that you might not want to hear the gruesome details of. Although if you like gruesome movies, you might want to know.
WORD FAMILY
gruesome: gruesomely, gruesomeness, gruesomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let’s begin with the gruesome train wreck that was the presidential election.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
His second film, Margaret, traces the effects on a young woman of a gruesome bus accident in which she was complicit.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no doubt that cetacean necropsies are "gruesome", he says.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的; 令人毛骨悚然的; 可憎的; 阴森的
级别：gruesomer, gruesomest
分布：可怕的(64%)，令人毛骨悚然的(29%)，阴森的(7%)
→词源同grisly, 可怕的。-some, 形容词后缀，来自some.
【记】grue（vi 因害怕或寒冷发抖；战栗）g鬼，rue＝rule规则，some一些：有一天你回家发现，有4个鬼在你们家上夜班，制定打麻将的规则－毛骨悚然的
adjective
■extremely unpleasant and shocking, and usually dealing with death or injury （通常用来描述死亡或者伤害）令人厌恶的，恐怖的，可怕的
• The newspaper article included a gruesome description of the murder. 这篇报导中有一段对谋杀案血淋淋的描述。
adj. 可怕的；阴森的
 - terrible, horrible, awesome, fearful, dire

Word: trickle
Front: trickle
[ˈtrɪkl] (托雅宝 8863/10055 -1)
Vocabulary: trickle
(once / 949 pages)
vn
To trickle is to weakly flow out of something, like a faucet. A trickle is like a drip.
There are a lot of ways water can flow, but one type of slow dripping is called trickling. If your shower is only releasing a trickle of water, you're not going to get much of a shower. If it's raining — but only a trickle — you might not need an umbrella. A slightly leaky roof is trickling. A trickle is the opposite of a downpour or flood. Trickling can also be called dribbling.
WORD FAMILY
trickle: trickled, trickles, trickling
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some of the country’s more expensive markets, the slowdown at the top end is showing signs of trickling down to more average-priced apartments.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
As his grand year trickles to its final hours, James isn’t looking too far ahead.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Such increasingly common dismissals of spiritual existence trickle into popular thought and even into everyday language.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 滴; 细细地流; 使淌下; 慢慢地移动
n. 滴; 涓流; 细流; 稀稀疏疏缓慢来往的东西
时态：trickled, trickling, trickles
分布：细流(71%)，滴流(23%)，徐徐地流(3%)，慢慢移动(3%)
→可能缩写（或变体）自中古英语 striken,流，特指流泪，词源同 strike,击，打。-le,表反复。 后引申词义滴，淌，细流，涓流等。
【记】象声词
【反】spate（n 大水）
verb intransitive
LIQUID 液体
trickle down/from/out of, etc.
■If liquid trickles somewhere, it flows slowly and without force in a thin line 从…向下滴（或淌）
• Blood trickled out of the corner of his mouth. 血从他的嘴角滴了下来。
• Oil was trickling from a tiny hole in the tank. 油正从油罐上的一个小孔往下滴。
['trɪk.l] verb intransitive
SMALL NUMBER 少量
trickle in/out/back, etc.
■to arrive or move somewhere slowly and gradually, in small numbers 缓慢而零星地进入／离开／返回等
• Gradually people trickled back into the theatre for the second half. 渐渐地，人们开始三三两两地回到剧院看下半场。
['trɪk.l] noun
SMALL NUMBER 少量
only singular
■a very small number of people or things arriving or leaving somewhere 三三两两，零星
• We usually only get a trickle of customers in the shop in the mornings. 早上我们店里通常只有零星顾客。
['trɪk.l] noun
LIQUID 液体
countable
■a small amount of liquid which is flowing slowly in a thin line 从…向下滴（或淌）
• A trickle of melted butter made its way down his chin. 一滴融化了的奶油顺着他的下巴向下滑。
vi. 滴；细细地流；慢慢地移动
 - creep
n. 滴，淌；细流
 - drop, gutta

Word: redirect
Front: redirect
[ˌri:dəˈrekt] (高托宝 11425/14745 -1)
Vocabulary: redirect
(once / 9891 pages)
v
When you redirect something, you point it in a different direction. If your dog keeps licking your friends' knees, you might have to redirect her attention to a squeaky toy.
Beavers can famously redirect the flow of water in a stream or river by building dams that divert the flow in a new direction. The very best elementary school teachers are experts at redirecting the attention of young kids, like when a music teacher redirects a class's energy into an enthusiastic round of "Row, Row, Row Your Boat." The direct part of redirect comes from the Latin dirigere, "set straight."
WORD FAMILY
redirect: redirected, redirecting, redirects+/ direct: directed, directest, directing, directive, directly, directness, director, directs, indirect, misdirect, redirect /directed: self-directed, undirected/ directive: directively, directiveness, directives, directivity/ director: directors, directorship/directorship: directorships/ indirect: indirectly, indirectness/misdirect: misdirected, misdirecting, misdirection, misdirects/misdirection: misdirections
USAGE EXAMPLES
That may limit Republican hopes for massive tax cuts or plans to redirect much of the budget surplus into transportation repairs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here he redirected his analytic mind to his paralyzing grief, mocking the language of recovery, preferring “numb slog” to “healing journey.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We are currently bombing the Islamic State in Syria; should we redirect our firepower to the Syrian and Russian militaries?
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使改寄，更改（信件等）姓名地址; 改变方向，改变线路; 重新寄送; 再查问（证人等）
adj. 再直接的
时态：redirected, redirecting, redirects
分布：再直接的(37%)，重新寄送(36%)，重新传入(27%)
→re-,再，重新，direct,指导，引导。
【记】re重新，direct（v 指引；导演）
verb transitive
■to change the direction of something, especially to send a letter to a new address 使改变方向；使改变路线；（尤指）改寄（信件）
• Resources must be redirected into the many under-funded areas of education. 资源必须重新调配至诸多投资不足的教育领域。
• Please redirect any mail that arrives for me to my address in Ottawa. 请将任何寄到这里的我的信件改寄到我在渥太华的地址。

Word: drum
Front: drum
[drʌm] (中高研四六 4116/4171 -K3)
Vocabulary: drum
(once / 245 pages)
nv
A drum is a musical instrument that you play by hitting it rhythmically with a stick or your hand. Most drums are round, with a thin material stretched tightly over the ends.
Some drums, like the West African djembe, are played with bare hands by a drummer who plays just one drum at a time. Others are found in a drum kit, often part of a rock band or a jazz ensemble, which might include a bass drum, a snare drum, cymbals, and a tom-tom — or even more. The word drum is also a verb, meaning "to play a drum," and can also mean "a cylinder-shaped container."
WORD FAMILY
drum: drum-like, drummed, drummer, drumming, drums+/ drummer: drummers/drumming: drummings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tuesday’s celebration included dance, song, prayer, drumming and ended with a feast to share the harvest.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, tourists and Brazilians enjoyed a festival of sounds, including two sets of drums from popular samba schools.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources says the commercial fishing seasons for flounder, red drum and greater amberjack will each open at 12:01 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 鼓; 鼓状物; 鼓声; 石首鱼
vt. 击鼓; 连打; 反复讲; 鼓吹
vi. 击鼓; 连打; 拍翅
时态：drummed, drumming, drums
分布：鼓(78%)，鼓声(8%)，击鼓(7%)，鼓状物(2%)，灌输(2%)，连续敲击(1%)，逐出(1%)，引起兴趣(1%)
→拟声词，模仿敲鼓的声音。
n.鼓;圆桶Don't drum the floor with your feet.不要用你的脚咚咚地踩踏地板.
noun countable
INSTRUMENT 乐器
 ADVANCED
■a musical instrument, especially one made from a skin stretched over the end of a hollow tube or bowl, played by hitting with the hand or a stick 鼓
• a bass/snare/kettle drum 大／小／定音鼓
• They danced to the beat of the drums (= sound of the drums being hit). 他们随着鼓声翩翩起舞。
[drʌm] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a large tube-like container 桶
• an oil drum 油桶
• a five-gallon plastic drum 五加仑的塑胶桶
• a drum of radioactive waste 一桶放射性废料
■the hollow metal cylinder in a washing machine into which clothes and other things are put for washing （洗衣机的）缸，滚筒
[drʌm] noun countable
bang/beat the drum UK
■to speak enthusiastically about a belief or idea in order to persuade other people to support it too 大肆宣传，极力鼓吹
• Labour are banging the drum for a united Europe. 工党正极力鼓吹建立一个统一的欧洲。
[drʌm] verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
■to hit a surface regularly and make a sound like a drum, or to make something do this （使）敲击，（使）敲打
• She drummed her fingers impatiently on the table. 她不耐烦地用手指敲打桌子。
• The rain drummed loudly on the roof. 雨点打在屋顶上，发出很大的声响。
[drʌm] verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  drum sth into sb
■to teach something to someone by repeating it to them a lot 反覆教（某人）…，反覆向（某人）灌输…
• The importance of good manners was drummed into us at an early age. 我们很小就被反覆叮嘱要注重行为举止。
[drʌm] verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  drum sb out of sth
■to force someone to leave a job, group, etc., often because they have behaved in a way which is not considered acceptable 开除；驱逐；将（某人）赶出…；迫使（某人）离开…
• The minister was drummed out of office when it was discovered that he had been taking bribes. 受贿的事情败露后那位部长被迫下台。
[drʌm] verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] drum sth up
■to increase interest in something or support for something 激起，鼓动
• He was trying to drum up some enthusiasm for the project. 他正试图激发人们对该企划案的热情。
n. 鼓；鼓声
 - kettle

Word: measurable
Front: measurable
[ˈmeʒərəbl] (四六 11403/12100 -1)
Back: adj. 可量度的; 可测量的，可预见的; 重大的
分布：可测量的(73%)，重要的(18%)，可预见的(7%)，可察觉的(2%)
→来自measure,测量。引申词义显著的等。
【记】源于：measure（v 测量）
【反】unfathomable（adj 深不可测的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■able to be measured, or large enough to be noticed 可测量的；显著的
• The service produces clear, measurable benefits to people's health. 这项服务能显著增进人们的健康。
adj. [数] 可测量的；重要的；重大的
 - important, crucial, considerable, material, big

Word: quarterly
Front: quarterly
[ˈkwɔ:təli] (研四六托雅 11417/9787 -2)
Back: adj. 季度的，按季度的; 四分之一
adv. 按季的; [农] 一季一次地; 纵横四分地
n. 季刊; 季考
分布：季度的(53%)，季刊(43%)，每季一次(4%)
→quarter,四分之一，-ly,形容词后缀。引申词义季刊，季报。
a.每季的ad.每季一次n.季刊The guardian found a quarterly quart of quartz in the safeguard.监护人在安全装置内找到了四分之一夸脱石英.
US ['kwɑ:.tˌɚ.li] adjective adverb
■done or produced four times a year 一年四次的，每季进行或制作的
• a quarterly magazine 季刊杂志
• The magazine will be published quarterly. 这份杂志每季出版一期。

Word: aw
Front: aw
[ɔ:] (11390/23803)
Back: 实际重量
分布：表示抗议、怀疑、厌恶等的感叹语(100%)

Word: hospitalization
Front: hospitalization
[ˌhɒspɪtəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (11450/34803)
Back: n. 医院收容，住院治疗; 送入医院; 留诊
分布：住院治疗(90%)，医院收容(10%)
VERB
使住院，送…入院
If someone is hospitalized, they are sent or admitted to hospital.
例：Most people do not have to be hospitalized for asthma or pneumonia.大多数哮喘或肺炎患者无需住院。
n. 住院治疗；医院收容；住院保险（等于hospitalization insurance）
 - hospital care

Word: wad
Front: wad
[wɒd] (11391/15629 -1)
Back: n. 填充物; 炮塞（弹塞）; 小块软物; 可观的一卷纸币，大量的钱
vt. 使成一团（或一卷，一叠等）; （用填料）填塞; 将炮弹放入（炮筒）; 把弹塞填入
vi. 形成团
时态：wadded, wadding, wads
分布：填料(36%)，填塞(30%)，大量(26%)，使 ... 成一团(8%)
→词源不详，可能来Proto-Germanic*wediz,衣服，衬料，词源同weeds,衣服。引申义卷，沓。
US [wɑ:d] noun countable
■a number of especially flat and/or small objects pressed tightly together 一叠；一捆；一卷
• a wad of banknotes 一叠钞票
• a wad of gum 一块口香糖
• She used a wad (= a mass) of tissues to wipe away the blood. 她用一团纸巾擦掉了那些血。
n. 填料；块状软物
 - stuffing, filling compound
vt. 使成一团；填塞；使成卷
 - stuff up, obturate

Word: liter
Front: liter
['li:tə(r)] (四六 11406/-)
Vocabulary: liter
(once / 6754 pages)
n
A liter is a liquid unit of measurement. Drinking a liter of water everyday is good for you, though drinking a liter of diet soda probably isn't.
A liter is a metric unit that measures volume. You can also spell the word litre, which is actually the most common spelling outside of the United States. Liters most often measure liquids — a large bottle of Coke or Pepsi, for example, typically comes in a two liter size. The French word litre comes from the obsolete litron, which once measured amounts of grain, with its Greek root litra, or "pound."
WORD FAMILY
liter: liters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Extra Brut indicates a very dry Champagne, 0 to 6 grams of residual sugar per liter.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The first half liter of it sold in an online auction for 4,150 pounds to a collector of special whiskies.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
The electricity wholesaler said about 160 liters of water spilled, splashing the workwear of staff conducting inspections on Wednesday.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. [计量] 公升（容量单位）
分布：升(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable US for litre
n. [计量] 公升（容量单位）
 - litre

Word: ravine
Front: ravine
[rəˈvi:n] (托宝 11413/16488 -1)
Vocabulary: ravine
(once / 576 pages)
n
In a Western, outlaws will lie in wait at the top of a ravine, or narrow valley, until they see a traveler entering at the bottom. Then, the outlaws will come pounding down the ravine's steep sides.
Ravines can be lonely and violent places averse to settlement as nothing can be built along their steep sides. The word ravine itself derives from the archaic rapin, which is a violent seizure of property. During times of heavy rains and snow melt, a ravine may be filled with violent, rushing water.
WORD FAMILY
ravine: ravines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Imagine, if you will, in place of Seneca, a ravine.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The burning vehicle was found in a ravine in northern Franklin County.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
More than 60 years later, in 2007, an independent investigator discovered aircraft wreckage in a deep ravine in India.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 沟壑，深谷; 〈诗〉劫掠
分布：峡谷(55%)，沟壑(33%)，溪谷(12%)
→来自古法语 ravine,急流，洪水，来自拉丁语 rapina,抢劫，掠夺，来自 rapere,抓走，夺走，词 源同 rape,rapid.比喻用法。
【记】river冲刷形成ravine
noun countable
■a deep narrow valley with steep sides 峡谷；深谷
n. [地理] 沟壑，山涧；峡谷
 - canyon, quebrada

Word: chain
Front: chain
[tʃeɪn] (高研四六 1805/1835 -K3)
Vocabulary: chain
(once / 136 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A chain is a long series of connected metal links. Chains are strong and flexible, so they're useful for pulling a heavy load or securing a dangerous animal.
The chain that anchors a ship to a dock or secures a warehouse door is just a larger version of the gold chain you wear around your neck — both are made of loops of metal. More figurative types of chains include things that hold you back, like the chains of your responsibility to your family, or connected occurrences — like a chain of events that leads to you meeting your best friend.
WORD FAMILY
chain: catenate, catenulate, chained, chaining, chainlike, chains, enchain, unchain+/catenate: catenated/enchain: enchained, enchaining, enchains/unchain: unchained, unchaining, unchains
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-food chain’s plan to open a restaurant in a Vatican-owned building was met with derision when it was announced in October.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“He’s just been wearing that chain all year. It’s just been growing on me,” Talib said after the Broncos’ 24-6 victory.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The family restaurant chain Hanaya decided to pull eel dishes from its summer menu.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 链子，链条; 连锁，连续; 拘束; 连锁店或旅馆系列的事物
vt. 用铁链锁住; 监禁，束缚
时态：chained, chaining, chains
分布：链(82%)，链条(11%)，束缚(6%)，用铁链锁住(1%)
→来自拉丁词catena, 链子，词源同concatenation. 字母t脱落，比较bake, batch, wake,watch.
n.链(条);(pl.)镣铐;一连串v.用链条拴住The plain woman explained to me why she complained about the chain.长相平平的女人向我解释她为什么抱怨那条链子.
noun
CONNECTED THINGS 有联系的事
 IMPROVER countable
■a set of connected or related things 一连串，一系列（的事物）
• She has built up a chain of 180 bookshops across the country. 她在全国各地开了180家连锁书店。
• We witnessed a remarkable chain of events in eastern Europe in 1989. 我们目睹了1989年发生在东欧的一连串不寻常事件。
[tʃeɪn] noun
RINGS 链条
countable or uncountable
■(a length of) rings usually made of metal which are connected together and used for fastening, pulling, supporting, or limiting freedom, or as jewellery 链条，链子；锁链；项炼
• The gates were locked with a padlock and a heavy steel chain. 大门被一把挂锁和一根沉重的钢链锁着。
• Put the chain on the door if you are alone in the house. 你要是一个人在家就把链子钩在门上。
• Mary was wearing a beautiful silver chain around her neck. 玛丽的脖子上戴着一条漂亮的银项炼。
in chains
■tied with chains 戴着锁链地；用链条拴着地
• The hostages were kept in chains for 23 hours a day. 人质一天里有23小时戴着镣铐。
[plural]
■a fact or situation that limits a person's freedom 枷锁，束缚，桎梏
• At last the country has freed itself from the chains of the authoritarian regime. 这个国家最终从独裁政权的束缚中解放了出来。
[tʃeɪn] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fasten someone or something using a chain 用链条锁住，拴住；束缚
• It's so cruel to keep a pony chained up like that all the time. 把一匹小马一直那样拴着真是太残忍了。
• They chained themselves to lampposts in protest at the judge's decision. 为了抗议法官的判决，他们把自己拴在灯柱上。
• figurative I don't want a job where I'm chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份一天八小时都被拴在办公桌前的工作。
chain, tie, secure, bind, fasten
这组词都有“扎牢、捆、绑”的意思，其区别是：
chain: 专指用链条或金属环将某人或某物锁住或系住。
tie: 普通用词，指用绳索等将东西扎紧捆牢。
secure: 指将某物紧紧地固定起来，使之完全无损。
bind: 多指把两个或两个以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。
fasten: 指把某物牢牢地拴在、钉在或锁在另一物上，使不能任意移动。
n. [计] 链；束缚；枷锁
 - restriction, cord
vt. 束缚；囚禁；用铁练锁住
 - bound, enslave

Word: tributary
Front: tributary
[ˈtrɪbjətri] (托雅宝 11428/14971)
Vocabulary: tributary
(once / 1117 pages)
1nadj 2adj 3adj
A tributary is a branch that flows into the main stream, like the White River, the Arkansas River, the Yazoo River and the Red River — each a tributary of the mighty Mississippi.
The noun tributary is related to the word tribute and both come from the Latin word tributum, meaning “a thing contributed or paid.” Long ago, a tributary was someone who was forced to pay a person or group in return for protection — namely from those who received the tribute. Today, a tributary is a smaller body of water that flows into a larger one or a contributing factor in something that happens
WORD FAMILY
tributary: tributaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Potomac River and its tributaries flow in and around Washington, providing some of the most striking views in the city.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Here are state Fish and Wildlife’s latest Lower Columbia River tributary checks:
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At the heart of the conflict is control over the San Joaquin River and its three main tributaries.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 支流; 进贡国; 附庸国; 进贡者
adj. （需向…）进贡的; 附庸的; 辅助的; 支流的
分布：支流(65%)，支流的(10%)，纳贡的(9%)，从属的(7%)，辅助的(5%)，属国(3%)，纳贡者(1%)
→来自拉丁语 tribuere,支付，分配，给予，部落间的财富分配或其它，来自 tribus,部落，词源 同 tribe,contribution.引申词义河流的支流。
进贡的,支流的(tribut+ary→给予东西→进贡的;支流给主流水)[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
US [-ter.i] noun countable
■a river or stream that flows into a larger river or a lake （河流或湖泊的）支流
• the Indre, a lesser tributary of the Loire 安德尔河，卢瓦尔河的一条较小的支流
adj. 纳贡的；附属的；辅助的
 - subsidiary, assistant, helping
n. [地理] [水文] 支流；进贡国；附属国
 - branch, distributary

Word: stately
Front: stately
[ˈsteɪtli] (托 11435/9774 -1)
Vocabulary: stately
(once / 348 pages)
adj
To be stately is to appear noble and impressive, almost in a larger than life kind of way. You may encounter a stately gentleman or a stately statue. If you do, take a little bow.
There are a few meanings of stately, but they both refer to people and things that have an impressive bearing. The first meaning has to do with nobility and class. A ceremony honoring a prince is stately, and the music and dress surrounding such events are stately. Stately things convey sophistication and regality. Also, stately can mean statuesque. Someone with great posture and an impressive physique is stately, almost as if they were made by a sculptor.
WORD FAMILY
stately: statelier, stateliest, statelily, stateliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course I’m talking about Louisa Adams, wife of our sixth president John Quincy Adams, who called the White House a “dull and stately prison.”
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Penn Park, at nearly 6 acres, is popular for wedding photos because of its stately trees.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
After the event, I walked past a final club party in progress at a stately brick building.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 庄严的; 高贵的; 雄伟的; 富丽堂皇的
分布：庄严的(44%)，堂皇的(28%)，高贵的(12%)，庄严地(11%)，堂皇地(5%)
→state,国家，-ly,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
['steɪt.li] slightly formal
adjective
■formal and splendid in style and appearance 威严的；隆重的；气宇不凡的
• The procession moved through the mountain village at a stately pace. 队伍迈着庄重的步伐穿过山村。
• He always walked with a stately bearing. 他走起路来总是一副气宇轩昂的样子。
adj. 庄严的；堂皇的，宏伟的
 - grand, magnificent, solemn, sacred, majestic

Word: penchant
Front: penchant
['pɒ̃ʃɒ̃] (托宝 11438/14723 -1)
Vocabulary: penchant
(once / 5485 pages)
n
A penchant is a strong preference or tendency. If you have a penchant for pizza, you either eat it daily or wish you did.
Penchant borrows from French, in which penchant literally means inclined. It goes back to the Latin pendere, for hanging, which is also the source of pendant. In both French and English, speakers have long used the idea of inclination metaphorically: a hillside can be inclined in one direction or another, and so can a person's thoughts. But in English, penchant is only for desires.
WORD FAMILY
penchant: penchants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams discovered his penchant for film study after his family moved from Atlanta to Folsom, Calif., after his high school freshman season.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The best strategy depends on your age, income, penchant for spending, loan burden and interest rates.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He even explains his penchant for fast food in terms of what he imagines to be its cleanliness.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （强烈的）倾向，爱好，嗜好
分布：名词(100%)
→来自拉丁语*pendicare,悬挂，依靠，倾向，来自pendere,悬挂，词源同pendant.引申词义爱好，嗜好。字母d脱落。
【记】pench＝pend挂，ant蚂蚁－把蚂蚁挂起来看－特别爱好
【参】pen雌天鹅，chant圣歌－雌天鹅唱圣歌－嗜好
【反】aversion（n 厌恶）；dislike（n 嫌恶）
US ['pen.tʃənt] noun countable usually singular
■a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like 偏好，倾向，嗜好
• a penchant for melodrama/skiing/exotic clothes 偏爱通俗剧／滑雪／奇装异服
• Her penchant for disappearing for days at a time worries her family. 她喜欢不时失踪几天，这让她的家人非常担心。
n. 嗜好；倾向
 - tendency, liability, weakness, habit, trend

Word: quicken
Front: quicken
[ˈkwɪkən] (四六 11424/11390 -1)
Vocabulary: quicken
(once / 561 pages)
v
When things quicken, they speed up or make something go faster. If you're late for school, you should probably quicken your pace.
Your heartbeat probably quickens when you're afraid or after you've been running fast, and you could also say that your curiosity quickens (or increases) when you overhear a mysterious phone call. The oldest meaning of quicken, however, is "come to life," a definition which sounds very old fashioned now, but which was once used to describe an advanced stage of pregnancy: "The fetus began to quicken."
WORD FAMILY
quicken: quickened, quickener, quickening, quickens+/ quick: quicken, quicker, quickest, quickly, quickness, quicks/quickener: quickeners/quickening: quickenings/quicker: quickers/ quickly: quicklys/quickness: quicknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sweeter still was hearing chants of “Real M.V.P.!” rain down in Quicken Loans Arena every time LeBron James touched the basketball.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But officials signaled a quickening of rate hikes in 2017.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Speaking of abuse by the executive branch, Quicken Loans founder Dan Gilbert is fighting the Department of Justice’s misguided case against his company.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变快; 增速; 鼓舞; 使复活
vt. 苏醒; 使有生机
时态：quickened, quickening, quickens
分布：变活跃(32%)，刺激(23%)，变快(15%)，使加快(15%)，使活跃(15%)
→来自quick,有生命的，快速的，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to become quicker, or to make something become quicker （使）变快，（使）加速
• This is music that will make your pulse quicken. 这是那种能让你脉博加速的音乐。
• We'll have to quicken the pace if we want to keep up with him. 如果我们想赶上他的话就要加快速度。
• literary Peter walked in the room and her heart quickened. 彼得走进了房间，她的心跳加快了。
■If a feeling or quality quickens, it becomes more active, or to make a feeling or quality do this （情绪，素质）受到激发；激发（情绪，素质）
• His interest quickened when he saw her. 当见到她时，他的兴致大增。
• War quickens our awareness. 战争使我们更加警觉。
accelerate, hasten, rush, hurry, speed, quicken
这组词都有“加快，使加快”的意思，其区别是：
accelerate: 着重指频率或速率运转加快。
hasten: 指由于事的紧迫性或突然性而加速。
rush: 含义与hurry相近，但显得更仓促更慌乱。
hurry: 指赶紧或匆忙地做某事或催促别人做某事，隐含草率或混乱意味。
speed: 侧重实际的快速行动。
quicken: 普通用词，指增加速度、速率。
vi. 加快；变活跃；进入胎动期
 - step on the juice
vt. 加快；鼓舞；使复活
 - stimulate, lift, spirit, inspire

Word: repressive
Front: repressive
[rɪˈpresɪv] (研 11423/11934 -1)
Vocabulary: repressive
(once / 5976 pages)
adj
Repressive things keep people from doing or saying what they want. Repressive controls on the press don't allow journalists to freely report the news.
It's almost always a government, or a political or social system, that acts in a repressive way. When police officers don't let citizens videotape arrests, or a society doesn't allow girls to attend school, it's repressive. Someone growing up in a repressive family might feel cautious about saying or doing the wrong things. The adjective repressive comes from the Latin root repressus, "held back or curbed," and also "checked or restrained."
WORD FAMILY
repressive: repressively+/ repress: repressed, represser, represses, repressing, repression, repressive / repressed: repressedly, unrepressed/represser: repressers/repressing: repressingly/ repression: repressions
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the readout of your model is that North Carolina is as repressive as Cuba, maybe the problem is your model rather than North Carolina.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Both used their fame to critique fame—a repressive system that kept their real selves from the world.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
The true danger of human nature is to idealize anything that’s already happened, be it the repressive 1950s or fancy-free Clinton era.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 抑制的，镇压的; 压抑的
分布：压抑的(54%)，镇压的(36%)，专制的(10%)
adjective
■controlling what people do, especially by using force （尤指透过武力进行的）镇压，压制
• a repressive military regime 残酷专制的军事政权
■preventing people from expressing their feelings 压制人们表达情感的
adj. 镇压的；压抑的；抑制的
 - depressing, suppressive

Word: abnormality
Front: abnormality
[ˌæbnɔ:ˈmæləti] (11416/7380 -1)
Back: n. 反常; 变态; 畸形; 不合常规的现象或事件
分布：异常(80%)，畸形(10%)，反常(6%)，变态(4%)
US [-nɔ:r'mæl.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■something abnormal, usually in the body （通常指身体的）反常，异常，变态，紊乱
• genetic/congenital abnormalities 遗传变异／先天畸形
• An increasing number of tests are available for detecting foetal abnormalities. 检测胎儿畸形的方法越来越多。
• The X-rays showed some slight abnormality. X光检查显示有轻度畸形。
n. 异常；畸形，变态
 - anomaly, deviance

Word: abduct
Front: abduct
[æbˈdʌkt] (托宝 11439/15203 -1)
Vocabulary: abduct
(once / 1806 pages)
1v 2v
To abduct someone is to commit the crime of kidnapping person and holding them for ransom.
Being abducted is one of the worst things that can happen to you. Fortunately, it's very rare. To abduct is to kidnap — to take someone against their will and imprison them. After an abduction, the abductors (kidnappers) may send a ransom note, asking for money.
WORD FAMILY
abduct: abducted, abducting, abduction, abductor, abducts+/ abduction: abductions/abductor: abductors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The children were killed after being abducted from their custodial grandparents’ home.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The students were abducted and presumably killed by drug gangsters in collusion with police officers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In a sign of the dangers that lurk, a Swiss aid worker was abducted from her home by armed men on Christmas Eve.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 劫持; 诱拐; 使外展
时态：abducted, abducting, abducts
分布：诱拐(88%)，绑走(12%)
→前缀ab-,离开。词根duct，拉，导引，见conduct,引导。
诱拐(ab+duct引导→引走→诱拐)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
诱拐(ab离开+duct→引开→诱拐)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【参】viaduct（n 高架桥）；introduction（n 介绍；引入）
verb transitive
■to force someone to go somewhere with you, often using threats or violence 绑架；劫持；诱拐
• The company director was abducted from his car by terrorists. 公司董事被恐怖分子从自己的车里劫走了。
vt. 绑架； [法] 诱拐；使外展
 - spirit, kidnap

Word: crumbling
Front: crumbling
['krʌmblɪŋ] (11447/11595)
Back: v. （把…）弄碎， （使）碎成细屑( crumble的现在分词 ); 衰落; 坍塌; 损坏
分布：破碎的(44%)，岩块剥落(28%)，皱纹(21%)，动词crumble的现在分词形式.(7%)
V-ERG
(使)破碎;(使)成碎屑
If something crumbles, or if you crumble it, it breaks into a lot of small pieces.
例：Under the pressure, the flint crumbled into fragments...燧石在压力的作用下碎成了小块。
例：Roughly crumble the cheese into a bowl.把干酪大致弄碎，装入一只碗内。
VERB
坍塌;损坏;崩裂
If an old building or piece of land is crumbling, parts of it keep breaking off.
例：The high and low-rise apartment blocks built in the 1960s are crumbling...20世纪60年代建造的高低不一的公寓楼群正在逐渐破损坍塌。
例：The cliffs were estimated to be crumbling into the sea at the rate of 10ft an hour.预计那处悬崖会以每小时10英尺的速度坍塌坠入大海。
VERB
(体系、关系或希望等)崩溃，瓦解，消亡
If something such as a system, relationship, or hope crumbles, it comes to an end.
例：Their economy crumbled under the weight of United Nations sanctions...在联合国制裁的重压之下，他们的经济崩溃了。
例：The traditional marriage is crumbling fast...传统婚姻正迅速消失。
VERB
不再抵抗;放弃奋斗;无力应付
If someone crumbles, they stop resisting or trying to win, or become unable to cope.
例：Brighton have too many experienced players to crumble just because we are in town...布赖顿队有很多经验丰富的队员，他们不会因为我们在城里就丧失斗志。
例：He is a skilled and ruthless leader who isn't likely to crumble under pressure.他是个经验丰富、冷酷无情的领导，不会被压力击垮。
N-VAR
酥皮水果甜点
A crumble is a baked pudding made from fruit covered with a mixture of flour, butter, and sugar.
例：...apple crumble.酥皮苹果甜点
v. 破碎；崩溃（crumble的ing形式）
 - collapsing
adj. 破碎的
 - broken, shattered
n. 破碎；皱纹；岩块剥落
 - fragmentation, fracturing

Word: unpack
Front: unpack
[ˌʌnˈpæk] (托 11431/11658 -1)
Vocabulary: unpack
(once / 2062 pages)
v
To unpack is to take stuff out that's been packed, like the clothing in your suitcase or the fragile item that's been buried in ten thousand Styrofoam peanuts.
If a large shipment arrives at a company, it may take several people to unpack the items and take stock of the contents. We also use unpack to describe analyzing something by taking it apart. This is sort of like unpacking a box or unpacking your luggage, because you're dismantling the components of something, but it's more likely an idea than a physical object.
WORD FAMILY
unpack: unpacked, unpacking, unpacks+/ pack: packable, package, packed, packer, packing, packs, unpack / package: packaged, packages, packaging /packaged: prepackaged, unpackaged/ packaging: packagings/packed: prepacked/packer: packers/packing: packings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As she unpacked gloves, socks, hats, mugs and ski goggles, Meddles said the inventory is “based on what everyone forgets or loses while they’re here.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But Bradley deserved to stay long enough to unpack his suitcase before the team pulled the plug.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And when they begin to unpack Friday, the Kings will find they returned with a lot of unwanted baggage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 从（包裹等）中取出（所装的东西），打开行李取出
vt. 拆包; 解除…的负担; 吐露（心事等）; 卸下（车、马等）的负荷物
时态：unpacked, unpacking, unpacks
分布：卸下(60%)，打开取出(40%)
verb
REMOVE 去除
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to remove things from a suitcase , bag or box 从（箱、包）中取出；打开行李箱
• I haven't even had time to unpack (my bag/clothes). 我甚至还没有时间打开箱子整理／打开我的包／打开箱子整理衣服。
[ʌn'pæk] verb
EXPLAIN 解释
transitive
■to explain or to make a meaning clearer 解释；说明
• He read the agreed statement to the group and then began to unpack it for them. 他把已达成一致的声明读给这群人听，然后开始向他们解释其意义。

Word: depress
Front: depress
[dɪˈpres] (研四六托雅 11421/9471 -K1)
Vocabulary: depress
(once / 247 pages)
v
Depress means to lessen the activity or power of something. If you want to depress the spread of poverty, you need to find ways to slow it down, like by bringing education and skill-building resources into the poorest communities.
The word depress comes from the Old French word depresser, meaning "put down by force." Depress can be used literally to describe something you push down, like when you depress the handle on a toaster to lower the bread. It can also describe a more figurative lowering, such as the lowering of a person's emotional state. Attending a funeral is likely to depress you, and watching a sad movie afterwards will just sink your spirits even more.
WORD FAMILY
depress: depressant, depressed, depresses, depressing, depression, depressive, depressor+/ antidepressant: antidepressants/depressant: antidepressant, depressants/ depressed: depressedly/ depressing: depressingly/ depression: depressions/depressive: depressives/depressor: depressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Friends with recent pneumonia experience confirmed this rather depressing outlook.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Suddenly Depressed: I don’t think this is silly at all, and I also believe it’s more common than you may realize.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Then I put on their special teams, and I got more depressed.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 压下，压低; 使沮丧; 使萧条; 使跌价
时态：depressed, depressing, depresses
分布：降低(57%)，压抑(13%)，使萧条(11%)，压下(10%)，使沮丧(9%)
→de-, 向下。press, 压，压制。即压制，引申词义抑郁，沮丧。
压制,压抑(de+press压→向下压→压制)[de-①表示"去掉,变坏,离开,变慢,向下"等②表示"使…成为,加强"等]
压下;使沮丧(de向下+press→向下压→使情绪低下)[press=press表示"挤压"]
v.压抑,降低;使沮丧,压下The man depressed by the pressure from the press expressed the impression on him.那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象.
【记】de向下，press压－向下压－使沮丧
【反】bulge（vt 使膨胀）
verb transitive
CAUSE SADNESS 引起忧郁
■to cause someone to feel unhappy and without hope for the future 使忧郁，使沮丧
• This weather depresses me. 这种天气让我感到心情忧郁。
• [+ -ing verb] Doesn't it depress you listening to the news these days? 最近的新闻不令你感到沮丧吗？
• [+ to infinitive] It depresses me to think that I'll probably still be doing exactly the same job in ten years' time. 想到十年后很可能还在做同样的工作，我就感到非常沮丧。
[dɪ'pres] verb transitive
REDUCE 降低
■to reduce the value of something, especially money 使贬值，使降价
• A surplus of corn has helped depress the grain market /grain prices. 玉米过剩促使粮食价格下降。
• The rise in the value of the dollar has depressed the company's earnings/profits this year. 今年美元升值导致该公司营业额／利润降低。
■to reduce the amount of activity in something, especially a business operation 使萧条，使不景气
• High interest rates are continuing to depress the economy. 高利率使经济持续萧条。
■to lower the level or amount of something 使降低，使减少
• This drug helps depress high hormone levels. 这种药物有助于降低荷尔蒙水准。
[dɪ'pres] verb transitive
PRESS DOWN 压下 slightly formal
■to press down or lower 按下，压下
• Slowly depress the accelerator/brake pedal. 慢慢踩下油门／刹车踏板。
vt. 压低；使沮丧；使萧条
 - drive down, weigh down

Word: boon
Front: boon
[bu:n] (托宝 11451/11528 -1)
Vocabulary: boon
(once / 853 pages)
1n 2adj
Boon means something beneficial to a specific person, entity, or cause. "Getting called out of school on the day of the test was a boon for Sam, as he hadn't remembered to study."
Boon derives from the Old Norse bón, a request for a favor. Think of boon as a favor that no one has necessarily asked for, something extra. "We'd just spent our last dollar on a cup of coffee so it was a real boon to find a ten dollar bill lying on the sidewalk." Boon can also be an adjective for someone friendly and welcoming, as in "a boon companion."
WORD FAMILY
boon: boons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Big Ten’s reluctance to move toward the spread was a boon for its Rose Bowl foes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Likewise, the dollar remains king of the world's currencies, a boon for American purchasing power.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The presidential primaries, the general election and Donald J. Trump’s victory proved to be a huge boon for the networks.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 恩惠; 福利
adj. 快乐的; <古>慷慨的
分布：恩惠(84%)，合得来的(10%)，所感激的事(6%)
→词源同bonus.
恩惠[bon=good(好)]
【记】1）从moon月亮上得到boon恩惠－嫦娥2）bon好，boon特别好－恩惠
【反】misfortune（n 灾祸，不幸）
noun countable usually singular
■something that is very helpful and improves the quality of life 提高生活素质的东西，有用之物
• Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted. 导盲犬对视力有障碍的人来说是非常有用的。
n. 恩惠；福利；利益
 - behalf, welfare, sake, benefit, grace
adj. 愉快的；慷慨的
 - good, bright, generous, handsome, fragrant

Word: lengthen
Front: lengthen
[ˈleŋθən] (六托 11453/9590 -1)
Vocabulary: lengthen
(once / 923 pages)
v
To lengthen is to make something longer, either physically or in time. During the spring and early summer, the days lengthen, as sundown comes later and later.
Mascara lengthens your eyelashes, and letting out your hem lengthens your jeans. As time goes by, your years of experience lengthen, and if you don't cut your hair or trim your beard, those lengthen as well. Lengthen dates from the 14th century — earlier, the verb was length, from a Germanic root that's also the basis of "long."
WORD FAMILY
lengthen: lengthened, lengthening, lengthens+/ length: lengthen, lengths, lengthy /lengthening: lengthenings/ lengthy: lengthier, lengthiest, lengthily, lengthiness/ long: length, longed, longer, longest, longing, longingly, longish, longly, longness, longs/longest: longests/ longing: longings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her longevity is putting a spotlight on the medical care, nutrition and up-to-date therapeutic techniques that are helping lengthen zoo animals’ lives.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The Huskies entered the night averaging nearly 87 points per game but Cal Poly lengthened possessions and forced Washington to work at the offensive end.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
From that moment until June 21, the days will begin to lengthen.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 延长; 伸长
时态：lengthened, lengthening, lengthens
分布：延长(87%)，加长(13%)
→length,长度，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to make something longer, or to become longer 延长，拉长，加长；变长
• I'll have to lengthen this skirt. 我必须把这条裙子放长一些。
• lengthening waiting lists 越来越长的等候者名单
Opposite shorten If you lengthen something, or it lengthens, it takes longer to happen 推迟；延迟，延期
• There is a plan to lengthen the three-year course to four years. 计划要将三年的课程延长为四年。
enlarge, extend, stretch, prolong, inflate, expand, increase, multiply, lengthen, add, augment, amplify
enlarge: 放大（照片）
extend: 使…（在空间或时间上）更大，更长；伸长，伸展，延展；舒展（肢体），extend sth
stretch: vt 拉长，撑大；绵延，延续
prolong: 人为的延长时间
inflate: 使（轮胎、气球等）充气，膨胀，inflate sth (with sth)
expand: 使…变大，扩大，扩展，expand sth into sth
increase: 增加，增大（数目、数量、体积等），increase sth from…to…
multiply: 成倍的增加
lengthen: 指自然的延长时间或空间
add: 加，添加，add sth to sth
augment: vt 增多，增大，augment sth
amplify: 特指音量，电流等的扩大
vt. 使延长；加长
 - elongate
vi. 延长；变长
 - get long

Word: sitter
Front: sitter
[ˈsɪtə(r)] (11445/16389)
Back: n. 坐着的人，被画像的模特; 临时保姆; 孵卵鸡
分布：就座者(30%)，孵卵鸡(28%)，得分良机(14%)，临时看孩子的人(14%)，易做的或易捕捉的事物(14%)
US ['sɪtˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who is having their portrait (= picture of their face or body) painted 摆姿势让人画像的模特儿，被画像者
■* a babysitter

Word: pointless
Front: pointless
[ˈpɔɪntləs] (雅 11452/7557 -1)
Vocabulary: pointless
(once / 5099 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something's pointless, it has no use or makes no sense. Telling yourself that it's pointless to be nervous every time you fly on a plane probably won't solve your fear of flying.
Taking standardized tests in school often feels pointless, and an even more pointless exercise might be listening to your best friends argue about which 1970s rock band was the greatest. When something has a useful purpose or a good reason to exist, it has a point — and when it doesn't, it's pointless. You can also use this adjective to mean "dull" or "blunt."
WORD FAMILY
pointless: pointlessly, pointlessness+/contrapuntist: contrapuntists/ counterpoint: contrapuntist, counterpointed, counterpointing, counterpoints/ point: counterpoint, pointed, pointer, pointing, pointless, points, repoint/ pointed: pointedly, pointedness, unpointed/pointer: pointers/repoint: repointed, repointing/unpointed: unpointedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Secretary Kerry’s speech today was at best a pointless tirade in the waning days of an outgoing administration,” said Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"It's pointless attacking one another or being split when we need to be united," Mr Macri added.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Astana, the Kazakh capital, staged Syrian peace talks in 2015, but critics said they excluded most of the mainstream opposition and so were largely pointless.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意义的; 不得要领的; 钝的; 无谓
分布：无意义的(81%)，不得要领的(10%)，钝的(9%)
→来自point,点，目标，-less,无，没有。
【记】point尖，要点，less：没有要点－无意义的
【参】pointer（n 能用鼻尖指示猎物所在处的猎狗）
adjective
■Something that is pointless has no purpose and it is a waste of time doing it 无意义的，空洞的
• This is a pointless exercise. 这个练习毫无意义。
• It seemed pointless to continue. 继续下去看来没有意义。
• informal It 's pointless arguing with him. 和他争辩是白费口舌。
adj. 无意义的；钝的；不尖的；不得要领的
 - empty, meaningless

Word: separated
Front: separated
[ˈsepəreɪtɪd] (11444/11126 -K)
Back: adj. 分开的
v. 分开(separate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：分开的(90%)，动词separate的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
→separate,分开，分居，-ed,形容词后缀。
ADJ
分居的
Someone who is separated from their wife or husband lives apart from them, but is not divorced.
例：Most single parents are either divorced or separated...大多数单身父母要么离婚了要么分居了。
例：Tristan had been separated from his wife for two years.特里斯坦和妻子已经分居两年了。
ADJ
(与家人等)分离的，不在一起的
If you are separated from someone, for example your family, you are not able to be with them.
例：The idea of being separated from him, even for a few hours, was torture...一想到要和他分开，即便是短短几小时，都感到备受煎熬。
例：They're trying their best to bring together those separated families.他们正尽最大的努力让离散的家人重聚。
adj. [数] 分开的；分居；不在一起生活的
 - divided, parted
v. 分开；隔开（separate的过去式和过去分词）
 - parted

Word: songwriter
Front: songwriter
[ˈsɒŋraɪtə(r)] (11430/17216 -1)
Back: n. 流行歌曲的作者
分布：歌曲作家(64%)，歌曲作者(36%)
US ['sɑ:ŋˌraɪ.ɚ] noun countable
■a person who writes the music and words of songs 歌曲作者

Word: geology
Front: geology
[dʒiˈɒlədʒi] (研四六雅 11449/7403 -1)
Vocabulary: geology
(once / 409 pages)
n
Geology is the study of the Earth and what it's made of, including its natural history.
Just as biology is the study of earth's life forms, geology is the study of the earth itself. Geology tells us where lakes once were, where volcanoes erupted, where glaciers pushed up mountains and then melted. Geologists — people who study geology — tell us where to find oil, coal and diamonds and then they explain how they got there. If you find the natural world beautiful and interesting, you might enjoy studying geology.
WORD FAMILY
geology: geologic, geological, geologies, geologist +/geological: geologically/ geologist: geologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is geology, ecology, meteorology, economics, and many other disciplines rolled into one.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
He graduated from the University of Oregon, where he played football and earned a degree in geology.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Zinke graduated from the University of Oregon, where he played football and earned a degree in geology.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 地质学; （某地区的）地质情况; 地质学的著作
分布：地质学(98%)，地质学的著作(2%)
→geo-, 地，地球。-logy, 学说。
地质学(geo地+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
n.地质(学)The jogger made an analytical analogy between the ecology and geology.慢跑者在生态学和地质学之间进行了分析类比.
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the study of the rocks and similar substances that make up the Earth's surface 地质学
• a geology course/teacher 地质学课程／教师
the geology of somewhere
■the particular rocks and similar substances that form an area of the Earth, and their arrangement （某地区的）地质（情况）
n. [地质] 地质学；地质情况
 - geologic map, geognosy

Word: tablecloth
Front: tablecloth
[ˈteɪblklɒθ] (11432/12855 -1)
Back: n. 桌布，台布
分布：桌布(72%)，台布(28%)
【记】table桌子，cloth布
【参】tableland（n 高原）
US [-klɑ:θ] noun countable
■a large piece of cloth which covers a table during a meal and protects or decorates it 桌布，枱布
n. 桌布；台布
 - antependium

Word: smear
Front: smear
[smɪə(r)] (托宝 8842/11794 -2)
Vocabulary: smear
(once / 1436 pages)
vn
To smear something is to smudge or blur it. You might literally smear your pen-and-ink drawing, or figuratively have your reputation smeared by getting caught in a lie.
You can also smear things physically by smoothing them onto another surface, like when you smear lip balm on your mouth or smear cream cheese on your bagel. When you smear a person, however, you cause them real harm by hurting their reputation badly. A politician might smear an opponent by falsely claiming they lied about where they went to college, for example. That kind of smear can be hard to erase.
WORD FAMILY
smear: smeared, smearing, smears
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Critics of this notion, however, protest what they see as a character smear — a suggestion that everybody, deep down, is racist.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
A white car with blood streaks and smears was at the scene.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 胡乱涂抹; 弄脏; 诽谤; 变得模糊不清
n. 污迹; 抹黑; 丑化
时态：smeared, smearing, smears
分布：诽谤(49%)，涂抹(22%)，弄脏(13%)，污点(12%)，涂料(4%)
→来自古英语 smerian,涂抹，抹油，傅油，来自 Proto-Germanic*smerwjan,抹油，来自 smeru,
【记】smile ear：嘴笑到耳朵，因为他诽谤成功了。
US [smɪr] verb
SPREAD 涂抹
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to spread a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 涂抹（黏腻的东西）
• The children had smeared peanut butter all over the sofa. 孩子们把花生酱抹得沙发上到处都是。
• Can you explain why the front of your car is smeared with blood? 你能解释一下为甚么你的汽车前部沾有血迹吗？
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] verb
ACCUSE 指控
transitive
■to publicly accuse someone of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true in order to harm their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• She decided to sue for libel after the newspaper smeared her private life. 这家报纸对她的私生活造谣诬蔑，她决定告以诽谤罪。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
SPREAD 涂抹
■a dirty mark made by spreading a liquid or a thick substance over a surface 污点（将某种液体或稠厚物质涂在表面上形成的污点）
• You'd look very stylish if it wasn't for that smear of ketchup on your shirt. 如果不是衬衫上那抹蕃茄酱的话，你看起来会很帅气。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
ACCUSING 指控
■when someone is publicly accused of something unpleasant, unreasonable or unlikely to be true with the intention of harming their reputation 诽谤，污蔑
• The prime minister has dismissed the allegations as smears and innuendo. 首相把那些指控斥为肆意诽谤和影射。
• She claims she was the victim of a smear campaign (= repeated attempts to damage her reputation). 她声称自己是一系列抹黑行动的受害者。
UK [smɪər] US [smɪr] noun countable
MEDICAL TEST 医学试验 UK (also smear test) (US pap smear)
■a medical test in which cells from a woman's cervix entrance to the womb are removed and examined to discover if there is any disease （子宫颈）抹片检查
vt. 诽谤；弄脏；涂上；把…擦模糊
 - soil, mud, spot, wrong, dirty
n. [生物] 涂片；诽谤；污点
 - scandal, personalities
vi. 被弄脏
 - smudge

Word: conformity
Front: conformity
[kənˈfɔ:məti] (研六托宝 11474/8985 -1)
Vocabulary: conformity
(once / 1112 pages)
n
If all your friends wear jeans to school and you wear checkered slacks, you could say you reject conformity — doing the same thing as everyone else.
Conformity usually refers to people's behavior or looks, but it can also be used to describe something that matches the form of something else — for example, a one-story house built in conformity to the low-slung buildings that surround it. It's common for conformity to follow the word in.
WORD FAMILY
conformity: conformities, nonconformity +/Nonconformist: Nonconformists/ conform: conformable, conformance, conformation, conformed, conforming, conformism, conformity, conforms/ conformable: conformably, unconformable/conformance: nonconformance/ conformation: conformations/conforming: nonconforming/conformism: conformist, nonconformism/ conformist: conformists, unconformist/nonconformism: Nonconformist, nonconformist / nonconformist: nonconformists/ nonconformity: nonconformities/unconformable: unconformably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are no stars among the Rockettes; their currency is conformity.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Political skills and conformity are valued more highly.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
High style is an expression of character that resists conformity; you can’t buy it with a click.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 符合; 一致; 遵从; 依照
分布：符合(61%)，一致(36%)，遵守(3%)
一致,相符(conform+ity)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
US [-'fɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■behaviour that follows the usual standards which are expected by a group or society 循规蹈矩
• It's depressing how much conformity there is in such young children. 这么小的孩子就唯唯诺诺，真是令人沮丧。
n. 一致，适合；符合；相似
 - accordance, unity, agreement, identity, consensus

Word: slot
Front: slot
[slɒt] (研六雅宝 4842/5604 -2)
Back: n. 位置; 狭槽，水沟; [人名] 斯洛特; 硬币投币口
vt. 跟踪，跟着足迹追赶; 开槽于
时态：slotted, slotting, slots
分布：槽(78%)，插入(9%)，投币口(4%)，狭缝(4%)，时间段(2%)，放置(1%)，留细长的孔(1%)，职位(1%)
n.狭缝;空位vt.放入狭缝中;把...纳入Please put a coin in the slot of this machine.请把硬币放进这台机器的一个投币口.
US [slɑ:t] noun countable
LONG HOLE 长洞口
■a long narrow hole, especially one for putting coins into or for fitting a separate piece into 狭缝；（尤指）投币口，狭槽
• I put my money in the slot and pressed the button but nothing came out. 我把钱放入投币口，按了按钮，但没有东西出来。
• The holder has slots for 100 CDs. 这个CD架的凹槽可以放100张CD。
UK [slɒt] US [slɑ:t] noun countable
AMOUNT OF TIME 时间段
■an amount of time which is officially allowed for a single event in a planned order of activities or events （为某活动安排的）时段
• The programme will occupy that half-hour slot before the nine o'clock news. 那个节目将在九点新闻前的半小时这一时段播出。
UK [slɒt] US [slɑ:t] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep] (-tt-)
■to put something into a slot or fit together using slots 放于狭槽中，或用狭槽配合在一起
• The legs of the chair are meant to slot into the holes at the back. 椅子脚要插到后面的洞里。
• Do these two pieces slot together ? 这两个零件能插在一起吗?
• Slot piece A into piece B, taking care to keep the two pieces at right angles. 把 A 件插入 B 件，注意使二者保持直角。
UK [slɒt] US [slɑ:t] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep] (-tt-)
  Phrasal Verbs  slot sb/sth in
■to find time to see someone or do something between various other arrangements that have already been made 为…安排时间；把…安排进计划
• Doctor Meredith is busy this morning, but she might be able to slot you in around one o'clock. 今天上午马里帝兹医生很忙，但她也许可以安排在一点钟左右见你。
n. 位置；狭槽；水沟；硬币投币口
 - location, situation, site, lie
vt. 跟踪；开槽于
 - dog, follow up the scent

Word: rodeo
Front: rodeo
[ˈrəʊdiəʊ] (11402/34520 -1)
Vocabulary: rodeo
(once / 7859 pages)
n
A rodeo is a type of entertainment that shows off cowboy skills, such as wrestling steers and roping cattle.
In the western United States, a popular type of entertainment is an exhibition known as a rodeo. A rodeo is a place where cowboys demonstrate what they can do for a crowd. Many of these skills are dangerous, like wrestling a steer or riding a bull. Some skills involve lassos and other uses of rope, such as roping (tying up) a goat. These skills are for entertainment at a rodeo, but they're necessary on a cattle ranch.
WORD FAMILY
rodeo: rodeos
USAGE EXAMPLES
I met Mr. Diaz at the supreme manifestation of the state’s truck mania: the Texas Truck Rodeo.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Growing up in Hollywood “I was street smart, but unfortunately the street was Rodeo Drive.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
More and more, air passengers are responding positively to the Rodeo Drive-storefronts and gourmet restaurants that continue to pop up across airports, according to J.D.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 竞技表演，竞技者; （集中牛马的）圈地; （为打烙印的）驱集牛马; 牧人马术表演
vi. 竞技
分布：马术竞技表演会(50%)，将牛、马驱集在一起(50%)
→来自西班牙语 rodeo,集市牛栏，畜栏，来自 rodare,转动，旋转，来自拉丁语 rodare,转动，旋 转，词源同 rotary,round.即围起来的牛栏，后引申词义牛仔竞技表演。
UK ['rəʊ.di-] US ['roʊ.di.oʊ] (plural rodeos)
noun countable
■in North America, a sport and public entertainment in which cowboys show different skills by riding wild horses and catching cows with ropes （指北美的）牛仔竞技表演（如骑野马、用绳套牛等）

Word: accelerator
Front: accelerator
[əkˈseləreɪtə(r)] (11455/10364 -1)
Vocabulary: accelerator
(once / 5683 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An accelerator makes things go, or accelerate. The gas pedal on a car is an accelerator, but so is a machine that scientists use to speed particles up and smash them.
An accelerator gets things going. In a car, the accelerator is the gas pedal that you mash with your foot when you’re ready to speed off into the sunset. In physics, a particle accelerator speeds off in a different way — it takes a particle, such as an electron, and speeds it up to almost the speed of light, and smashes it into an atom. Why? To see what it’s made of.
WORD FAMILY
accelerator: accelerators+/ accelerate: accelerated, accelerates, accelerating, acceleration, accelerative, accelerator, acceleratory/ acceleration: accelerations/accelerative: acceleratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Goldwasser, who was long associated with the University of Illinois, helped pioneer the use of powerful particle accelerators in American physics.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For many years, Dr. Drell was a key figure at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, a laboratory operated by the Energy Department.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Is your current work a big switch from programming a particle accelerator?
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 加速器; 催速剂
分布：油门(70%)，促进剂(25%)，加速装置(5%)
US [-ɚ.eɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■the pedal (= part that you push with your foot) in a vehicle that makes it go faster 加速器；油门
specialized
■in physics, a machine which makes particles (= small pieces of matter) move very fast （粒子）加速器
n. 油门；催化剂； [机] 加速装置
 - catalyst, gasoline throttle

Word: hive
Front: hive
[haɪv] (高托宝 11401/11665 -1)
Vocabulary: hive
(once / 1077 pages)
nv
A hive can be a home for bees. It’s also a whole bunch of something moving around — like a hive of eager students — which is related to the fact that so many bees live in a hive.
The word hive is most recognizable as a place where bees live, but it can be a verb that means to move together as one, like a swarm of bees. It can also describe storing a lot of things in a confined space, the way bees are packed into a hive. You might hive your stamp collection in boxes in the attic, but if bees have built a hive in the eaves you won't be able to get to them.
WORD FAMILY
hive: hived, hives, hiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie, and the way it was received and viciously attacked online, told us something vital about the hive mind of the US’s reactionary right.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The hives, south of Watkinsville, were looted and at least three times in recent days.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
For them, the introduction of new hives and modern harvesting methods mark an unwelcome shift away from the traditions passed down through the generations.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 蜂箱; 蜂巢; 蜂群; 喧闹地区
vt. 使（蜂）入蜂箱; 贮（蜜）于蜂箱中; 储备，积累
vi. （蜂）进入蜂箱; 聚居
时态：hived, hiving, hives
分布：蜂房(38%)，蜂箱(31%)，蜂群(21%)，储备(3%)，聚居(3%)，蜂进入蜂箱(1%)，把一部分分离出来(1%)，使蜂入箱(1%)，喧闹繁忙的场所(1%)
→来自古英语huf,蜂箱，来自keup,容器，箱子，词源同cooper,hove,cup.
【记】最hive的地方就是最好hide的地方，所以应live在hive里。
noun
BEES 蜜蜂
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a structure where bees live, especially a beehive (= container like a box) or the group of bees living there 蜂巢，蜂窝；蜂群
[haɪv] noun
SKIN CONDITION 皮肤状况
hives
uncountable
■a condition in which a person's skin develops red raised areas 荨麻疹
• She broke out in hives after eating strawberries. 她吃过草莓之后，身上就起了疹子。
[haɪv] noun
a hive of activity/industry
■a place where a lot of people are working very hard 繁忙的场所；忙碌的地方
• The whole house was a hive of activity on the day before the wedding. 婚礼的前一天，整幢房子里一派忙碌的景象。
[haɪv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hive sth off UK
■to separate one part of a company, usually by selling it （通常指透过出售）分离（公司的某部分）
• The plan is to hive off individual companies as soon as they are profitable. 该计划就是一旦某个公司开始获利，就将其分立出去。
n. 蜂房，蜂巢；热闹的场所；熙攘喧闹的人群
 - apiary, comb

Word: joyful
Front: joyful
[ˈdʒɔɪfl] (四六 11426/14070 -1)
Vocabulary: joyful
(once / 417 pages)
adj
Someone who's joyful is very happy. A joyful child will laugh with delight.
When you experience the feeling of joy, you're joyful. For many people, their wedding day, the birth of their children, or simply a beautiful summer afternoon can all be joyful occasions. To be joyful is beyond being happy — there is delight and a kind of bliss involved in feeling joyful. The noun joy is at the root of joyful, from the Old French joie with its Latin root of gaudere, "rejoice."
WORD FAMILY
joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/ enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy /joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Sorensen, despite his wish to die, was a joyful talker who never failed to cheer up in conversation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They lip-sync the “Joyful, Joyful” choir performance from “Sister Act II,” and then Whoopi Goldberg shows up in a full habit.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“It was a special and joyful experience to share in the care of the Miller quadruplets,” said Turner.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 快乐的，高兴的; 令人开心的，使人喜悦的; 快意; 融融
分布：愉快的(58%)，高兴的(42%)
→joy,欢乐，-ful,形容词后缀。
adjective
■very happy 高兴的，快乐的
• Christmas is such a joyful time of year. 圣诞节是一年中令人快乐的时节。
• I don't have very much to feel joyful about/over at the moment. 此刻我没甚么可高兴的。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 欢喜的；令人高兴的
 - glad, fulfilling

Word: waking
Front: waking
[ˈweɪkɪŋ] (11456/12259)
Back: adj. 醒着的，不眠的
v. 醒( wake的现在分词 ); 唤醒; 唤起（记忆）; 使再次感觉到
分布：醒着的(100%)
noun uncountable
■when you are awake 清醒
• For a moment, between waking and sleeping, he couldn't understand where he was. 在半睡半醒之间，他一时不清楚自己身处何处。
['weɪ.kɪŋ] adjective [before noun]
■describes a period of time or an experience during which you are awake 清醒的；醒着的
• Children are in school for 15 per cent of their waking hours/life between birth and the age of 16. 儿童从出生到16岁，不睡觉时有15%的时间在上学。
• She seems to spend every waking moment/minute/hour (= all her available time) at the piano. 她似乎把除睡觉以外的所有时间都花在钢琴上了。
adj. 醒着的
 - wakeful, awake
v. 醒来，唤醒；唤起（记忆）（wake的现在分词形式）
 - exciting, invoking

Word: seated
Front: seated
['si:tɪd] (11460/14400)
Back: adj. 就座的; 固定的; 有…座位的; 根深蒂固的
v. 使就座( seat的过去式和过去分词 ); 使就职; 使获得座位（或席位）; 可容纳若干座位
分布：坐着的(58%)，固定的(34%)，动词seat的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■sitting 坐着的
• The woman seated opposite him refused to stop staring at him. 坐在他对面的女子一直盯着他。
• You are requested to remain seated during takeoff. 飞机起飞时，请不要离开自己的座位。
• formal Ladies and gentlemen, please be seated (= please sit down). 女士们，先生们，请坐下。
adj. 就座的；固定的；根深蒂固的
 - standing, settled, set

Word: yarn
Front: yarn
[jɑ:n] (托雅宝 11457/5204 -1)
Vocabulary: yarn
(once / 887 pages)
1n 2nv
If you want to knit a hat, you're going to need yarn, the thick string made of twisted threads that's used to make sweaters, scarves, socks and other knitted things.
Yarn is made from fibers, and it comes in many colors. When you knit, you weave yarn with needles and end up with a pot holder or a pair of mittens. Another kind of yarn is a long story that's told out loud. You might, in fact, tell your friend a yarn while you crochet an afghan with yarn. The Old English root word, gearn, means "spun fibers," but it comes from the Proto-Indo-European ghere, or "intestine."
WORD FAMILY
yarn: yarned, yarning, yarns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Richard Pryor cemented his reputation as the greatest stand-up of his generation by spinning his story of setting himself on fire into a hilarious yarn.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She walked to her closet and found a bundle of black yarn.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 纱，线; （尤指）毛线; 故事; （旅行）轶事
vi. 讲故事
时态：yarned, yarning, yarns
分布：纱(64%)，线(35%)，讲故事(1%)
→来自ghere,肠，肠线，词源同chord,cord,hernia.引申词义纱线。比较catgut.
【区】yawn（v 打呵欠）
US [jɑ:rn] noun
THREAD 线
countable or uncountable
■thread used for making cloth or for knitting 纱；纱线
UK [jɑ:n] US [jɑ:rn] noun
STORY 故事
countable
■a story, usually a long one with a lot of excitement or interest 故事；奇闻漫谈
• He knew how to spin a good yarn (= tell a good story). 他知道如何编造有趣的故事。
n. [纺] 纱线；奇谈，故事
 - relation, story, tale, narrative
vi. 讲故事
 - tell a story

Word: converse
Front: converse
[kənˈvɜ:s] (六托宝 11468/14236 -1)
Vocabulary: converse
(once / 51 pages)
1v 2adjn
Converse is a more formal way of saying "carry on a conversation." You could converse with your best friend for hours over lunch, but continue the chit-chat through the afternoon matinee and you might get shushed.
Oddly enough, converse was originally a verb meaning “to move about, live or dwell” when it first came into existence in the mid 14th century. But today we only use converse to talk about, well, talking. Quipped the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, “When marrying, one should ask oneself this question: Do you believe that you will be able to converse well with this woman into your old age?” A good question for marrying men and women!
WORD FAMILY
converse: conversation, conversed, conversely, converses, conversing+/ conversation: conversational, conversationalist, conversationist, conversations/conversational: conversationally/ conversationalist: conversationalists/conversationist: conversationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tonight, it’s a convergence of downtown, uptown, East and West — polo shirts with leather jackets, suits with Converse.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They laugh and haltingly converse until closing time, when Kevin turns to the jukebox.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Which is a funny thought considering the most popular characters of this world carry around lightsabers and converse with Wookiees.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 交谈，谈话; [计]对话，会话
时态：conversed, conversing, converses
分布：交谈(43%)，谈话(23%)，相反的(16%)，相反的事物(8%)，逆命题(7%)，逆向的(2%)，倒的(1%)
→con-, 强调。-verse, 转，词源同versus, advertise. 指转到一起的，交谈的。converse 相反
谈话,交际(con共同+vers+e→[两个齿轮对着]一起转→相反)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [ˈkɑːn.vɜ˞ːs]
    UK [kənˈvɜ˞ːs]
the converse only singular
■the opposite 相反；反面；相反的事物
• In the US, you drive on the right hand side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. 在美国汽车靠右行驶，但在英国却正好相反。
• However, the converse of this theory may also be true. 可是，该原理的逆命题也有可能成立。
adjective UK [ˈkɒn.vɜːs/
    UK [kənˈvɜːs] US [ˈkɑːn.vɜ˞ːs]
    UK [kənˈvɜ˞ːs] formal
■opposite 相反的，逆的
• a converse effect/opinion/argument 相反的效果／观点／论点
verb intransitive UK [kənˈvɜːs] US [-ˈvɜ˞ːs] formal
■to have a conversation with someone （和某人）交谈
• She's so shy that conversing with her can be quite difficult. 她那么害羞，跟她交谈很难。
reverse, opposite, converse, contrary, adverse
这组词都有“相反的，对立的”的意思，其区别是：
reverse: 指朝相反方向的或反面(背面)的。
opposite: 指位置、方向、行动或想法等完全相反。
converse: 指在方向、行动或意见上相反的。
contrary: 一般指与某种主张、看法或行为等正好相反，隐含否定一方并不意味着肯定另一方的意味。
adverse: 通常指违害利益的、无生命的势力或条件等，侧重分歧。
adj. 相反的，逆向的；颠倒的
 - contrary, opposite, adverse, counter, cross
vi. 交谈，谈话；认识
 - colloquize, rap off
n. 逆行，逆向；倒；相反的事物
 - regression, retrogradation

Word: liturgy
Front: liturgy
[ˈlɪtədʒi] (11461/13036)
Vocabulary: liturgy
(once / 3965 pages)
n
A liturgy is like a script for a religious service, the official set of rules for performing a religious ceremony.
Liturgy has everything to do with the way people worship in public. In fact, this noun comes to us from the Greek word leitourgia, which means "public service, worship of the gods." In Christianity, The Liturgy is a specific service for the sacrament of the Eucharist. But every religion has their own form of liturgy or set way of performing certain worship rituals.
WORD FAMILY
liturgy: liturgical, liturgies, liturgist+/ liturgical: liturgically/liturgist: liturgists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of them even use Aramaic, the language spoken by Jesus, in their liturgies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
A service of Holy Eucharist will be held in the parish hall, a casual environment following flexible forms of liturgy with contemporary music and visuals.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Steeped instead in literary discipline, French chanson and Jewish liturgy, his work suggested old-fashioned patience.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 礼拜仪式; （英国国教的）祈祷书
分布：圣餐仪式(82%)，礼拜形式(18%)
→来自拉丁语liturgia,公共仪式，公共祈祷，来自leito-,平民，公共，词源同lay,laity,-erg,工作，祈使，词源同work,synergy.引申词义向神祈福，礼拜仪式。
【记】读：litter鸡－随便乱丢一只鸡来做礼拜。
US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■(a particular set of) the words, music and actions used in ceremonies in some religions, especially Christianity （尤指基督教等宗教的）礼拜仪式
n. 礼拜仪式；圣餐仪式；祷告文
 - communion

Word: blank
Front: blank
[blæŋk] (高研四雅 4578/4310 -K2)
Vocabulary: blank
(once / 272 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3nadj 4v
Something that's blank is empty or undecorated. A blank canvas hasn't been drawn or painted on yet — it's clean and unmarked.
A blank computer screen has no information on it, and a blank look on someone's face is completely free of any expression, revealing nothing. If your mind goes blank during a job interview, you are left without any thoughts for a moment. When blank is a noun, it means "a line to be filled in" or "an empty space." In the 1500s, a blank was the empty, white center of a target, from the French word blanc, or "white."
WORD FAMILY
blank: blanked, blanker, blankest, blanking, blankly, blankness, blanks+/blankness: blanknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reality is that he was at work on “Blank Face LP” — and being a father to his 7-year-old daughter.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Falcons owner Arthur Blank said the $1.6 billion Mercedes-Benz Stadium, which opens next year, will be ready to host his MLS team this summer.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It’s a plain vanilla blank canvas,” she said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 空白的; 空的，无信息的，未填写的; 茫然的; 空虚的
n. 空的空间或地点; 填空处，空白表格; 坯; 无用的东西
vt. 消失; 挡住通路; [体育运动] 阻止（对手）得分; 打孔，盖印
vi. 走神; 逐渐消失
时态：blanked, blanking, blanks
分布：空白(80%)，空白的(13%)，空白处(4%)，茫然的(3%)
→来自PIE * bhel, 燃烧，发光。此处指发白光，白色。
空白的(blanc的变体)[blanc=white表示"白"]
a.空白的,空着的;失色的n.空白;表格The frank man put the first-rank blank blanket into the tan tank.直率的男子将一流空白毛毯放进黝黑的大容器
adjective
EMPTY 空的
 ADVANCED
■empty or clear, or containing no information or mark 空白的，无字的；空着的
• a blank sheet of paper 一张白纸
• a blank tape/computer screen 空白磁带／空白的电脑萤幕
• Sign your name in the blank space at the bottom of the form. 在表格底部的空白处签名。
[blæŋk] adjective
NOT REACTING 无反应的
■showing no understanding or no emotion in the expression on your face 茫然的，木然的
• a blank stare/expression 茫然的凝视／木然的表情
[blæŋk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] blank sth out
COVER
■to intentionally cover over something that is written so that it cannot be read 遮住；涂掉；抹去
• Some of the names in the report have been blanked out. 报告中有些名字已经被抹掉了。
FORGET
■to stop yourself thinking about a memory because it is unpleasant and you would prefer not to remember it 刻意忘记，抹去对…的记忆
• There may be traumatic incident in your past that you have blanked out. 过去你可能经历过创伤，而你已经从记忆中抹去了。
[blæŋk] noun countable
■a space in a piece of writing or on a form, left empty for information to be added （档或表格的）空白处，空格
• Fill in the blanks in this form. 将这份表格填好。
■something not yet drawn or finished, such as a key not yet cut into a finished shape 坯件，原坯
■(also blank cartridge)
■a small tube containing explosive but no bullet, used in a gun in order to make a loud noise without causing harm 空弹；空包弹
• The starter's pistol fires blanks. 发令员的枪放的是空包弹。
open, blank, vacant, hollow, empty
这组词都有“空的”的意思，其区别是：
open: 指未被占有，从而可被别人得到的。
blank: 指上面没有写字、印刷或做记号的空白表面，或指上面留着准备被填写的空白处。
vacant: 普通用词，侧重某物或某个位置没有被占用。
hollow: 指物体中间是空的。
empty: 指空无一人或一物，或空洞无意义的。
adj. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白的；空虚的；单调的
 - flat, vacant
n. [电讯] [印刷] [计] 空白；空虚；空白表格
 - gap, vacancy
vt. 使…无效；使…模糊；封锁
 - fuzz up, bedim
vi. 消失；成为空白
 - disappear, vanish away

Word: secretive
Front: secretive
[ˈsi:krətɪv] (宝 11436/11537 -1)
Back: adj. 遮遮掩掩的，守口如瓶的，秘密的，偷偷摸摸的; [生]（促进）分泌的; 嘴紧; 鬼头鬼脑
分布：秘密的(83%)，偷偷摸摸的(17%)
→来自 secret,保密，保密，-ive,形容词后缀。引申词义隐藏的。
【反】grandiloquent（adj 夸张的；夸大的）
US [-tˌɪv] adjective mainly disapproving
■People who are secretive hide their feelings, thoughts, intentions and actions from other people 遮遮掩掩的；守口如瓶的
• He's being very secretive about his new girlfriend. 关于他的新女朋友他总是遮遮掩掩的。
adj. 秘密的；偷偷摸摸的；促进分泌的
 - underground, chamber, inside, cabinet

Word: teeter
Front: teeter
[ˈti:tə(r)] (宝 11462/18679 -1)
Vocabulary: teeter
(once / 6071 pages)
vn
To teeter is to waver or sway a bit from lack of balance. When people first learn to ride a bicycle, they inevitably teeter for a while before becoming more skilled and confident.
A beginning gymnast will teeter on the balance beam, and anyone who's not accustomed to high-heeled shoes will teeter as they walk in them. Figuratively, you might even teeter, or hesitate, between two hard choices. A "teeter-totter," or seesaw, is a playground toy for two people, a long board fixed on a center support, designed so that when one kid is down, the other is up.
WORD FAMILY
teeter: teetered, teetering, teeters
USAGE EXAMPLES
A week later, Muhammad was still teetering between life and death.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As the regime teetered and fell, Mr. Bakiyev fled and found refuge in Belarus.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 摇晃，蹒跚; 上下动，前后动; 犹豫不决; 使…上下晃动
n. 踉跄，摇摆; 跷跷板
时态：teetered, teetering, teeters
分布：摇摇欲坠(49%)，摇摆(21%)，犹豫不决(10%)，翘翘板(10%)，上下往复的运动(10%)
→改写自中古英语 titter,摇摆，蹒跚，可能来自古诺斯语 titra,摇摆，摇晃，来自 Proto*ti-tra,摇 摆，摇晃，最终词源可能同 totter,toddle.
【记】读：替他，因为他总是忧郁，所以替换他。
【反】stabilize（v 稳定）
US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to appear to be about to fall while moving or standing 摇晃，摇摇欲坠；蹒跚行走
• Delia was teetering around in five-inch heels. 迪莉亚穿着五英寸高的高跟鞋摇摇晃晃地走来走去。
UK ['ti:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
teeter on the brink/edge of sth
■If something is teetering on the brink/edge of a bad situation, it is likely that the situation will happen soon 濒临，处于（糟糕形势）的边缘
• What we are seeing now is a country teetering on the brink of civil war. 我们现在所看到的是一个濒临内战的国家。
vi. 摇晃；玩跷跷板；步履蹒跚；摇摇欲坠
 - rock, roll
vt. 使…摇摆；使…上下晃动
 - hotch
n. 跷跷板；摇摆
 - swing, ricketiness

Word: slay
Front: slay
[sleɪ] (宝 11472/12433 -1)
Vocabulary: slay
(once / 399 pages)
v
Slay means to kill in a violent way. It has a mythic quality. You might slay the red knight. You might slay the dragon. You might slay the demon. But you probably wouldn't slay an annoying mosquito.
Slay is an old word associated with knights and dragons. Like many old words it has some funky forms. When you killed someone or something in the past you say slew, as in "St. George slew the dragon." When you've already done it, you say you have slain.
WORD FAMILY
slay: slayed, slayer, slaying, slays+/slayer: slayers/slaying: slayings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The country suffered bombings, slayings and kidnappings during a period of domestic terrorism in the 1970s and early 1980s.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Slay returned to the lineup after missing a game with a hamstring injury.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The department said in a news release that the first slaying occurred late Friday in Capitol Heights.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 残杀; [俚]被笑或爱淹没
时态：slew, slain, slaying, slays
分布：杀害(75%)，残杀(25%)
→来自古英语 slean,杀，屠宰，来自 Proto-Germanic*slog,击，砍，来自 slak,击，砍，可能 来自 skel,砍，劈，切，词源同 scale,shale,shell.
【记】s死后lay躺下，因为被残杀。
(slew or slayed, slain)
verb transitive UK old use or literary
■to kill in a violent way （以暴力）杀死；残杀
• St George slew the dragon. 圣乔治杀死了那条龙。
■(used especially in newspapers) to murder someone （尤用于报纸新闻报道）谋杀，杀害
• He was found slain in an alley two blocks from his apartment. 人们发现他在距其公寓两个街区的一条小巷里被杀害了。
vt. 杀害，杀死；使禁不住大笑
 - kill, strike down
vi. 杀死，杀害；残杀
 - kill, strike down

Word: spit
Front: spit
[spɪt] (高研四六雅 4932/5395 -2)
Back: vt. 吐，吐出
n. 唾沫; 口水; 烤肉叉
vi. 吐痰，吐口水; 发出劈啪声
时态：spat, spitting, spits
分布：吐出(49%)，吐口水(15%)，唾液(12%)，烤肉叉(9%)，下小雨(7%)，彻底的擦洗(3%)，厉声说出(1%)，酷似(1%)，小雨(1%)，彻底地擦洗设备(1%)，用烤肉叉叉住(1%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.spit 烤肉扦
v.吐(唾沫),吐痰n.唾液No spitting!不准随地吐痰!
verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
FORCE OUT 用力弄出
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to force out the contents of the mouth, especially saliva 唾，吐（尤指唾液）
• Bob Ewell spat contemptuously right in the lawyer's face. 鲍勃‧尤厄尔轻蔑地朝律师脸上吐了口唾沫。
• He spat the meat out in disgust. 他厌恶地把肉吐了出来。
• They bought watermelons and ate them as they walked, spitting out the seeds. 他们买了西瓜，边走边吃，一路吐着西瓜籽。
intransitive or transitive literary
■to say or shout words quickly and angrily 怒斥，厉声说出
• [+ speech] 'Get out!' she spat, when Ace appeared in the doorway. 埃斯出现在门口时，她厉声说道，“出去！”
intransitive
■If something hot, such as a fire, spits, it produces short sharp noises and throws out little pieces. （炉火等）劈啪作响，爆出火花
[spɪt] verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
RAIN 下雨
intransitive informal
■to rain very slightly 飘小雨；下毛毛细雨
• If it 's only spitting (with rain) , perhaps we don't need waterproofs. 如果只是一点毛毛细雨，也许我们不用穿雨衣。
[spɪt] verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
be the spitting image of sb (also be the spit and (image) of sb)
■to look extremely similar to someone 和…极为相似
• Josie is the spitting image of her granny at the same age. 乔茜和她奶奶当年长得一模一样。
• The old man was the (dead) spit of Winston Churchill. 那位老人和温斯顿‧邱吉尔长得简直一模一样。
[spɪt] verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
in/within spitting distance informal
■If something is in or within spitting distance, it is very close 非常近；一步之遥
• The house is within spitting distance of the sea. 这栋房子就在海边。
[spɪt] verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
spit blood/venom (US also spit nails) (Australian also spit tacks)
■to speak in an angry way, or to show anger 怒气冲天（地说）；咬牙切齿（地说）
• I thought he was going to spit blood when he saw what had happened. 我想等他看到发生了甚么事时，一定会破口大骂。
[spɪt] verb (spitting, spat or US ALSO spit, spat or US ALSO spit)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spit sth out
■to say something quickly and angrily 厉声说出
• He spat out an insult and marched out of the room. 他一边大步走出房间，一边骂了句脏话。
Spit it out! informal
■used to tell someone to start speaking or to speak more quickly, when they are unwilling to speak or are speaking slowly 有甚么尽管说出来！爽快点吧！
• Come on, spit it out, who told you about this? 说吧，爽快点，是谁告诉你这事的？
[spɪt] noun
STICK 叉
countable
■a long, thin, metal stick put through a piece of food, especially meat, so that it can be cooked above a fire （用于烧烤食物的）炙叉；（尤指）烤肉叉，烤肉针
• Roast the lamb on a spit. 把羊肉叉在烤肉叉上烤。
[spɪt] noun
LAND 陆地
countable
■a long, thin, flat beach which goes out into the sea 岬；沙嘴
[spɪt] noun
FROM MOUTH 从口内
uncountable (formal spittle) (Australian informal slag) informal
■ saliva , especially when it is outside the mouth （尤指吐出的）唾液，口水
• She used a little spit on a tissue to wipe the mirror clean. 她在纸巾上吐了点口水，把镜子擦拭干净。
[spɪt] noun
spit and polish informal
■careful cleaning and shining 仔细的清洁擦洗
• The car needs some spit and polish. 这辆汽车需要好好擦洗一下。
vi. 吐痰；吐口水；发出劈啪声
 - golly
vt. 吐，吐出；发出；发射
 - release, project, let go
n. 唾液
 - saliva, slabber

Word: horrifying
Front: horrifying
[ˈhɒrɪfaɪɪŋ] (11437/14355 -1)
Vocabulary: horrifying
(once / 7949 pages)
adj
Horrifying things are scary and disturbing. A car crash, a violent scene in a movie, and an exposé on what's really in your fast food hamburger can all be described as horrifying.
Something that scares you to death, like the sound of footsteps upstairs in your dark, empty house or the sight of a bear on the hiking trail, is horrifying. Equally horrifying are things that sicken you, like photographs from a battlefield or the description of a painful dental procedure. Horrifying things inspire horror, originally a Latin word meaning both "dread" and "religious awe," from horrere, "to bristle with fear."
WORD FAMILY
horrifying: horrifyingly+/horrified: horrifiedly/ horrify: horrified, horrifies, horrifying / horror: horrify, horrors
USAGE EXAMPLES
And yet the idea of “people swanning in paying $30,000 just to knock off a few crocs” was equally horrifying to locals, Leu says.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Hillary Clinton called his answer “horrifying” and said he was “talking down our democracy.”
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
At the IOM’s transit centre, men relay horrifying stories of being robbed or imprisoned for ransoms.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人恐惧的，使人惊骇的
v. 使震惊，使感到恐怖( horrify的现在分词 )
分布：令人震惊的(68%)，动词horrify的现在分词形式.(16%)，使人毛骨悚然的(16%)
→来自horrify,惊吓，恐吓。即受到惊吓的，令人震惊的。
US ['hɔ:r-] adjective
■very shocking 令人震惊的
• horrifying injuries/conditions/news 令人震惊的伤势／情况／消息
adj. 令人恐惧的；使人惊骇的
 - frightening, hair-raising

Word: stroller
Front: stroller
[ˈstrəʊlə(r)] (11470/36459)
Vocabulary: stroller
(once / 8609 pages)
n
A stroller is a small carriage with wheels meant for pushing a baby or toddler around. For a baby, there is no better ride than a stroller.
There are two main meanings of the noun stroller: a person who strolls, and a parenting appliance that to many English speakers in the world is called a pram or a pushchair. A long-forgotten copywriter at Sears & Roebuck is probably responsible for the latter meaning; its first appearances are in the catalogs of that company. As for stroll, the underlying verb: it's a German import, though ultimately of uncertain origin.
WORD FAMILY
stroller: strollers+/ stroll: strolled, stroller, strolling, strolls
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man holding a bouquet of balloons, and a woman carrying a toddler in one arm and a stroller in the other.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Rowdy bars with beer pong games exist alongside hordes of strollers.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 散步者，闲逛者
分布：散步者(64%)，流浪者(36%)
→stroll,漫步，闲逛，-er,人。
US ['stroʊ.lɚ] noun countable
■someone who strolls 散步者，闲逛者
mainly US for * pushchair
n. 散步者；流浪者；（美）折叠式婴儿车；巡回演出的演员
 - walker, Vagabonds

Word: benevolent
Front: benevolent
[bəˈnevələnt] (托宝 11475/9977 -1)
Vocabulary: benevolent
(once / 395 pages)
adj
Choose the adjective benevolent for someone who does good deeds or shows goodwill. If your teacher collects homework with a benevolent smile, she's hoping that you've done a good job.
Benevolent comes from the Latin bene "well" and volent from the verb "to wish" so you can imagine that this word brings goodness with it. A benevolent society is a charity group organized to serve a community through programs, sponsorships and donations. The expression, benevolent dictatorship, may seem like an oxymoron, but it is a political term for an authoritative government that works for the good of the people under its rule.
WORD FAMILY
benevolent: benevolence, benevolently+/ benevolence: benevolences
USAGE EXAMPLES
We must overcome our fear of causing offense and find faith in the power of benevolent intentions.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
If there is a benevolent heart condition, surely takotsubo cardiomyopathy is the one - but "dying of a broken heart" puts it better.
BBC(Aug 13, 2014)
The idea was to try something different, to push the boundaries for female roles, both evil and benevolent, toward a more realistic depiction of women.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 好心肠的; 与人为善的; 乐善好施的; 慈善的
分布：仁慈的(78%)，乐善好施的(22%)
→词根bene, 好。vol, 同will, 意志，意愿。
好意的(bene+vol意愿+ent→好意的)[bene-表示"善,好"]
善心的(bene好+vol+ent→好意的)[vod,otunt=wish,will,表示"意志,意愿"]
【记】bene好，vol意志－好意的
【参】volition（n 意志，决心）；malevolent（adj 有恶意的）
adjective
■kind and helpful 仁慈的，慈善的
• He was a benevolent old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly. 他是个仁慈的老人，连一只苍蝇都不愿伤害。
adj. 仁慈的；慈善的；亲切的
 - friendly, sweet, humane, benign

Word: modestly
Front: modestly
['mɒdɪstlɪ] (11446/11129)
Vocabulary: modestly
(once / 1112 pages)
adv
To do something modestly is to do it in a humble way, without showing off. After her play's successful opening night, a playwright might choose to sit modestly in the audience rather than going on stage to bow.
When you act in an unpretentious way, you act modestly, and when you do something in the simplest way possible, you also do it modestly. The adjective modest can mean both "humble" and "small." Modesty and modest come from the Latin modestia, "sense of honor," or "correctness of conduct," from the root word modus, "measure or manner."
WORD FAMILY
modest: immodest, modester, modestest, modestly, modestness, overmodest+/ immodest: immodestest, immodestly/overmodest: overmodestly
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, it believes the UK will see "modestly slower" increases next year as the economy weakens.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Stocks moved modestly higher in early trading Tuesday as U.S. markets reopened following the holiday weekend.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The bank’s share price was up modestly on hopes of a bailout.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 谦虚地，审慎地; 适度地
分布：谨慎地(40%)，谦虚地(30%)，适当地(30%)
【反】speak modestly（适度的说）－pontificate（v 傲慢地说）
ADJ-GRADED
(房屋等)不太大的，不算昂贵的，普通的
A modest house or other building is not large or expensive.
例：...the modest home of a family who lived off the land...靠土地过活的一户人家的简朴住房
例：A one-night stay in a modest hotel costs around £35.在普通的旅店里过一夜要花费约35英镑。
ADJ-GRADED
(数量、比率或改进程度)不太高的，适度的，适中的
You use modest to describe something such as an amount, rate, or improvement which is fairly small.
例：Swiss unemployment rose to the still modest rate of 0.7%...瑞士的失业率上升到了0.7%，这个百分比仍然不算太高。
例：The democratic reforms have been modest...民主改革的力度并不太大。
ADJ-GRADED
谦虚的;谦恭的;谦逊的
If you say that someone is modest, you approve of them because they do not talk much about their abilities or achievements.
例：He's modest, as well as being a great player...他是一名谦虚而伟大的运动员。
例：Lord Carrington is modest about his achievements.卡林顿勋爵对自己取得的成绩非常谦虚。
ADJ-GRADED
(女性或其衣着)端庄的，保守的;(行为)正派的，检点的
You can describe a woman as modest when she avoids doing or wearing anything that might cause men to have sexual feelings towards her. You can also describe her clothes or behaviour as modest .
例：Asian women are more modest and shy, yet they tend to have an inner force...亚洲女性表现得更为端庄腼腆，却往往外柔内刚。
例：Respect the local etiquete. Modest clothing is often preferable to revealing shorts and tight-fitting tops.要尊重当地的礼节。朴素端庄的衣着往往比暴露的短裤和紧身上衣更合适。
adv. 谨慎地；适当地
 - properly, well, adequately, appropriately, deliberately

Word: thrash
Front: thrash
[θræʃ] (六宝 11448/8770 -1)
Vocabulary: thrash
(once / 969 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
When you thrash someone, you beat them — literally, with your fists, or figuratively, by winning a game or competition.
You can describe your game plan for a chess match this way: "I plan to thrash that show-off in just ten moves." You can also threaten to physically thrash someone, like a neighborhood bully who's been known to thrash much smaller kids. Thrash was originally a sixteenth-century variation on the word thresh, which means to separate grain from wheat or another plant by beating it.
WORD FAMILY
thrash: thrashed, thrasher, thrashes, thrashing+/thrasher: thrashers/thrashing: thrashings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turbo-four uses an iron engine block, as opposed to aluminum, which helps knock down engine noise and thrash.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“It was almost breathtaking,” he said of that Fiesta Bowl scene when Utah thrashed Pitt, 35-7.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
An overseas thrashing usually sends English cricket into a period of introspection.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 打（谷等）使脱粒; 猛烈摆动; （用棍、鞭等）痛打，责打; 彻底打败
vi. 打谷，脱粒; 猛烈摆动; 拍打; 徒劳地努力，白忙
n. 打谷; 拍打; [泳]（自由式用脚，手）打水; [航]逆行
时态：thrashed, thrashing, thrashes
分布：鞭打(45%)，彻底击败(25%)，痛打(18%)，抽打(12%)
→来自 thresh 拼写变体，词义由打谷引申为棒打，鞭打，多用于指打人。
【记】th死，rash（adj 轻率匆忙的；卤莽的）：鲁莽的把人弄死，是因为鞭打。源于：thresh（v 脱粒；反复的打击）
verb
HIT 打
transitive
■to hit a person or animal hard many times as a punishment （作为惩罚）毒打，痛打
• His father used to thrash him when he was a boy. 当他还是孩子时，他的父亲经常鞭打他。
• He thrashed the horse with his whip. 他用鞭子狠狠抽这匹马。
[θræʃ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive
■to move from side to side in a violent or uncontrolled way 猛烈摆动；剧烈扭动；翻腾
• He was screaming and thrashing around on the floor. 他大喊大叫，在地上翻滚。
[θræʃ] verb
DEFEAT 打败
transitive informal
■to defeat someone thoroughly in a game or sports competition （比赛中）彻底击败
• We thrashed the visiting team 6-0. 我们以6比0大败客队。
[θræʃ] verb
REMOVE SEEDS 去除种子
intransitive or transitive
■to thresh 打谷；脱粒
[θræʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] thrash sth out informal
■to discuss a problem in detail until you reach an agreement or find a solution 彻底讨论（直到找到解决办法）；透过反覆商讨解决
• If we've got an important decision to make, we sometimes spend a whole day thrashing it out in a meeting. 当我们要作重大决策时，有时会开一整天的会来商定。
strike, beat, hit, thrash, whip
这组词都有“打”的意思，其区别是：
strike: 普通用词，多指急速或突然一次猛击。
beat: 普通用词，含义广泛，指连续打击。游戏、竞赛或战争中作打败解。
hit: 普通用词，常与strike换用，侧重有目标的猛击，强调用力击中。
thrash: 侧重指用棍子或鞭子等痛打。
whip: 多指用鞭子抽打。
vt. 打；使逆行
 - strike, beat upon
vi. 打谷；白忙；猛烈摆动
 - thresh
n. 打谷；逆风浪行进；踢水动作
 - thresh

Word: crackle
Front: crackle
[ˈkrækl] (11427/15844 -1)
Vocabulary: crackle
(once / 917 pages)
1vn 2vnadj
To crackle is to make short, sharp cracking noises. A roaring fire in your wood stove crackles as it burns.
Fires crackle, as small branches pop and snap from the heat, and a voice over an intercom might crackle with static. You could also describe the sound of your feet on dried leaves and branches as you walk through the woods as a crackle. A visual crackle, as opposed to one you hear, appears as tiny cracks in the surface: "I like that crackle effect on your table."
WORD FAMILY
crackle: crackled, crackles, crackling, cracklingly, crackly+/crackling: cracklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Writing that crackles off the page and explodes in the imagination.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The Rams prevailed, 73-64, but the atmosphere crackled with the type of energy and fury unseen at EagleBank Arena for many winters.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
She crackled with life on this planet, in this galaxy.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出轻微的爆裂声，发出噼啪声
n. 噼啪声，爆裂声，（碎瓷上的）裂纹
时态：crackled, crackling, crackles
分布：裂纹(82%)，发劈啪声(12%)，劈啪响(6%)
→crack, 破裂。-le, 表反复。
verb intransitive
■to make a lot of short, dry, sharp sounds 发出尖锐急促声；劈啪作响
• The radio started to crackle. 收音机开始发出劈里啪啦的声响。
• The logs crackled and popped in the fireplace. 木柴在壁炉里烧得劈啪作响。
['kræk.l] noun countable or uncountable
■a short, dry, sharp sound; when something makes this sound 发出尖锐急促声；劈啪作响
• the crackle of burning logs 木柴燃烧的劈啪声
n. [建] 裂纹；龟裂；爆裂声
 - checking, flaw
vi. 发劈啪声，发出细碎的爆裂声；表面形成碎裂花纹
 - sputter

Word: bale
Front: bale
[beɪl] (宝 11466/12177 -1)
Vocabulary: bale
(once / 1478 pages)
nv
A bale is a bound-up bundle, usually made of hay. When you drive past a farm in the fall, you'll often see bales of hay scattered across the fields.
A bale is a compact, easy-to-move bundle of a crop like hay or cotton. Bales are formed in various shapes by a machine called a baler, and wrapped in twine or wire so they can be efficiently transported or stored. The word bale is Old French for "rolled-up bundle," from the same Germanic root as ball.
WORD FAMILY
bale: baled, bales, baling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officers then decided to surround the crocodile with hay bales to contain him until the wildlife officials arrived from Cairns.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He lost about 600 bales and 11 miles of fence.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
His four other Iowa firms mainly manufacture agricultural equipment like manure spreaders and bale feeders.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 大包; 灾害; 悲痛
vt. 将某物打成包或包装成捆
时态：baled, baling, bales
分布：包(47%)，捆(29%)，不幸(11%)，灾祸(9%)，将 ... 打包(4%)
→来自PIE *bhel(2), 膨胀，鼓，词源同ball, 球。
【记】1）ball球－大包裹－是一种负担－不幸，灾祸2)读：背哦！今儿咋就那么点儿背呀，早上一出门儿，就被一不明飞行大包裹砸晕了，我着谁惹谁了。看来，今天将是充满灾祸不幸的一天。3）拼：罢了－罢了，罢了，认倒霉吧－灾祸4）爸乐：我爸一乐就没有好事，准是我又犯错了，用乐引诱我过来，再臭揍一顿－灾祸
【反】mirth（n 欢笑；高兴）
noun countable
■a large amount of something such as hay , paper, wool or cloth that has been tied tightly together 大包，大捆
[beɪl] verb
REMOVE WATER 除去水 mainly UK to bail (REMOVE WATER) （从船中）往外舀水
[beɪl] verb
TIE UP 捆绑
intransitive or transitive
■to tie up something tightly into bales 扎成大包（或大捆）
• We were baling (up) the hay all day. 我们整天都在捆草。
[beɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bale out UK for bail out
n. [包装] 大包，大捆；货物
 - cargo, commodity

Word: shaped
Front: shaped
[ʃeɪpt] (11479/8504 -K3)
Back: adj. 合适的; 成某种形状的; 有计划的; 有目标的
v. 成形(shape的过去分词和过去式); 发展
分布：合适的(43%)，有计划的(35%)，具有...形状的(11%)，动词shape的过去式和过去分词形式(11%)
adjective
■having a particular shape 呈…形状的
• an unusually shaped carrot 形状奇特的胡萝卜
• Jackie has a perfectly shaped figure. 杰姬有一副完美的身材。
• The lenses of her sunglasses were shaped like hearts. 她的太阳眼镜镜片是心形的。
adj. 合适的；成某种形状的；有计划的
 - becoming, applicable, likely, planned, studied

Word: logically
Front: logically
['lɒdʒɪklɪ] (11464/7689)
Back: adv. 逻辑上，符合逻辑地; 能推理地
分布：逻辑上地(50%)，符合逻辑地(50%)
ADJ
逻辑（上）的；（论证或推理方法）符合逻辑的
In a logical argument or method of reasoning, each step must be true if the step before it is true.
例：Only when each logical step has been checked by other mathematicians will the proof be accepted.只有每一逻辑步骤都被其他数学家验证之后，证明才能成立。
ADJ
（结论或结果）逻辑上必然的，顺理成章的
The logical conclusion or result of a series of facts or events is the only one which can come from it, according to the rules of logic.
例：If the climate gets drier, then the logical conclusion is that even more drought will occur...如果气候变得更干燥，必然会出现更多旱情。
例：...this is the logical result of a long evolution in which we moved from working by the sweat of our brow and by muscle to industrial work and finally to knowledge work.这是长期进化的必然结果；在这一过程中，我们首先从事汗流浃背的体力劳动，然后是工业劳动，最后发展到脑力劳动。
ADJ-GRADED
合理的；在理的
Something that is logical seems reasonable or sensible in the circumstances.
例：Connie suddenly struck her as a logical candidate...她突然想到康妮是个合适人选。
例：There was a logical explanation...存在一个合理的解释。

Word: say
Front: say
[seɪ] (中高雅 19/32 -K5)
Vocabulary: say
(once / 2 pages)
1vn 2v
To have your say means to get an opportunity to deliver your opinion on something. If you're at a loud and hostile town council meeting, you might not get a chance to have your say unless you shout it.
Say means to speak, so any time you utter a word, you're saying it. If you write an editorial about dogs in the paper, that's also a form of saying. Someone could quote you as saying "dogs should be worshipped." You can say something with your body language, too. Like most common words, say is very old, coming from the Old English sęcgan, meaning "to tell."
WORD FAMILY
say: said, saying, says, unsay+/ said: saidest, unsaid/ saying: sayings/unsay: unsaying, unsays
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I felt great,” White said before glancing down at his right arm.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Several media reports said the man was believed to be from a Central Asian nation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Investigators say Gratton confronted the two men and shot them in the roadway.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: vi. 说， 讲; 表明，宣称; 假设; 约莫
vt. 表明; 念; 说明; 比方说
n. 发言权; 说话; 要说的话; 发言权
时态：said, saying, says
分布：说(88%)，讲(5%)，比如说(2%)，发言权(2%)，表明(2%)，意见(1%)
→来自古英语 secgan,说，告知，来自 Proto-Germanic*sagjanan,说，告知，来自 sekw,说， 告知，词源同 saga,saw.引申诸相关词义。
vt.说,讲;说明;比如说vi.说,发表意见Say your say.把想说的都说出来.
verb (said, said)
SPEAK 说话
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to pronounce words or sounds, to express a thought, opinion, or suggestion, or to state a fact or instruction 说；讲；陈述；表达；说明
• Small children find it difficult to say long words. 小孩子觉得长字不好说。
• She said goodbye to all her friends and left. 她跟所有的朋友道别后就离开了。
• Ben never forgets to say "Please" and "Thank you". 班从来不忘说“请”和“谢谢”。
• How do you say 'goodbye' in French? “法语里的‘再见’怎么说？”
• I'm sorry, what did you say? 对不起，你刚才说甚么？
• Do you know what she said to him? 你知道她对他说了甚么吗？
• What did they say about the house? 关于这栋房子他们怎么说？
• [+ speech] "I'm going out this evening, " she said. “今晚我要出去，”她说。
• [+ (that)] The doctors say (that) it will take him a few weeks to recover. 医生说他需要几周时间才能康复。
• [+ question word] She didn't say wh ether she was coming. 她没说她要不要来。
• Did she say (= tell you) wh y she wasn't coming? 她有告诉你为甚么不来了吗？
• [+ to infinitive] informal He said (= told me) to meet him here. 他说（叫我）在这里和他见面。
• I've got something to say to you. 我有些事要跟你讲。
• The offer was so good that I couldn't say no (= couldn't refuse). 这个价格太令人满意了，我无法拒绝。
  Common Learner Errors  say or tell? When talking about the truth, lies, jokes, news, stories or secrets, don't use 'say', use tell :
✗ I knew that he was saying the truth.
✗ Dave is always saying jokes and funny stories.
✗ I have some fantastic news to say you.
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
THINK 认为
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to think or believe 认为；相信
• [+ (that)] People/They say (that) he's over 100. 据说他已经100多岁了。
• "It's going to be a very hot summer." " So they say (= That is what people believe)." “今年夏天会很热。”“大家都这么说。”
• She is a firm leader, too firm, some might say (= some people believe that she is too firm). 她是一个严格的队长，有人可能会认为她太严格了。
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to give (as) an opinion or suggestion about something 发表意见；表达观点
• "Who do you think will get the job?" "I'd rather not say." “你认为谁会得到这份工作?”“我宁愿不发表意见。”
• What are you saying, exactly (= What do you mean) ? 你到底是甚么意思？
• [+ (that)] We've been driving all day - I say (that) we start looking for a hotel now. 我们已经开了一整天车——我觉得我们现在应该找一家旅馆了。
• informal What do you say we (= What do you think about the idea that we should) sell the car? 你觉得我们把车卖了怎么样？
transitive
■to show what you think without using words 表明；表现；显示
• [+ (that)] The look on his face said (= showed) (that) he knew what had happened. 他脸上的表情说明他知道发生了甚么事情。
transitive always passive
■When something or someone is said to be a particular thing, that is what people think or believe about them 据说，据信
• [+ (that)] It is said (that) Latin is a difficult language to learn. 据说拉丁语是一种很难学的语言。
• [+ to be + noun/adj] He's said to be over 100. 据说他100多岁了。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
GIVE INFORMATION 提供资讯
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to give information in writing, numbers or signs 说明；指示
• My watch says 3 o'clock. 我的表是三点钟。
• Can you read what that notice says? 你看得清楚公告吗？
• [+ (that)] It says in the paper (that) they've found the man who did it. 报上说他们找到了做那件事的人。
• [+ to infinitive] It says on the bottle to take three tablets a day. 瓶上标签上写着一日服用三片。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
before you can say Jack Robinson old-fashioned informal
■used to say that something happens very quickly 转瞬间，一眨眼
• Before you could say Jack Robinson, she'd jumped into the car and driven away. 一眨眼的功夫，她已经跳上汽车开走了。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
does what it says on the tin UK informal
■If something does what it says on the tin, it does exactly what it is intended to do 说到做到，实际功能（或服务等）与声称的相符
• The hotel does exactly what it says on the tin and offers customers a relaxing break. 这家饭店果然能兑现承诺，让客人轻轻松松地享受假期。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
have a lot to say for yourself informal disapproving
■to talk too much and seem to have a high opinion of yourself 自吹自擂
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
have nothing to say for yourself informal
■to not be willing to take part in conversations or express your opinions 不愿交谈，不愿表态
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
having said that
■despite what has just been said 尽管如此，话说回来
• He forgets most things, but having said that, he always remembers my birthday. 他很健忘，不过，他一直记得我的生日。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
I must say
■I must admit 我必须说，我不得不承认
• I must say, I don't think much of her dress. 我不得不承认，我认为她的穿着不怎么样。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
I wouldn't say no informal
■used to say that you would like something that is offered to you （表示想要某物）好的
• "Would you like another drink?" "I wouldn't say no." “再来一杯吗？”“好吧。”
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
I'll say! informal
■used to show that you agree very strongly with what has been said 当然！的确如此！
• "Does he eat a lot?" "I'll say!" “他吃得很多吗？”“当然！”
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
it goes without saying
■used to mean that something is obvious 不言而喻，不证自明，不用说
• Of course, it goes without saying that you'll be paid for the extra hours you work. 当然，不用说，你加班是有报酬的。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
it says a lot for sb/sth
■used to show how determined someone or something is 很能说明决心（用于表达某人或某物如何坚定）
• It says a lot for her determination that she practises her cello so often. 她如此频繁地练习大提琴，可见得她的确下定了决心。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
not say boo US informal
■to say nothing 甚么也没说，一言未发
• You didn't say boo to me about going to your mother's this weekend. 你从没和我提起过这个周末要去看你母亲的事情。
US (UK not say boo to a goose) informal
■to be very nervous and easily frightened 非常胆小
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
not to say
■and possibly even 虽不能说，即使说不上
• It would be unwise, not to say stupid, to leave your first job after only six months. 第一份工作才做六个月就辞掉，这虽说不上愚蠢，但也不明智。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
(let's) say
■used to introduce a suggestion or possible example of something （用于引出建议或举例）
• Try and finish the work by, let's say, Friday. 我建议尽量在星期五前完成这项工作。
• Say/Let's say (= If we accept) (that) the journey takes three hours, you'll arrive at 2 o'clock. 假定这段路程需要三小时的话，你们将在两点钟到达。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say your piece
■to say what you are obviously wanting to say 直抒胸臆，直言不讳
• Just say your piece and then go. 只管说你想说的话，说完就离开。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say goodbye to sth
■to accept that you will not have something any more or that you will not get it 不再拥有；得不到
• If Europe fails to agree on this, we can say goodbye to any common foreign policy. 如果欧洲不能就此达成共识，我们就不会有任何共同的外交政策了。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say no more
■said to show that you understand exactly what the other person is suggesting 知道了，不用再讲了
• "I saw him coming out of her flat." "Say no more!" “我看见他从她的公寓里出来。”“明白了，不要再说了！”
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say the word
■used to tell someone that you will do what they want at the time when they ask you 吩咐一下，说一声，表示一下
• You only have to/Just say the word, and I'll come and help. 你只要说一声，我就会来帮忙。
[seɪ] verb (said, said) say 1 say this/that much for sb/sth
* to say something good about someone or something considered to be bad 为…说好话，为…美言
• I'll say this much for Kay, she always agrees to help whenever we ask her. 我要帮凯说几句好话，只要我们提出来，她总是愿意伸出援手。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say uncle US informal
■to admit failure 承认失败，认输
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
say when
■said when you are pouring a drink for someone and you want them to tell you when to stop pouring 斟够了请说一声
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
says something about sb/sth (also says a lot about sb/sth)
■to show what a particular person or thing is like 说明，表明（某人或某物的个性特质、真正面貌）
• The way he drives says a lot about his character. 从他开车的方式很容易就看出他的性格。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
that is to say ...
■or more exactly 更确切地讲；也就是说
• Our friends, that is to say our son's friends, will meet us at the airport. 我们的朋友，更确切地讲是我们儿子的朋友会到机场接我们。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
That's not saying much.
■used to show that you do not think what someone has said is special 没甚么特别的；没甚么不同寻常的
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
there's little to be said for sth
■said to mean that something has disadvantages 不利；没有好处
• Personally, I think there's little to be said for such a policy. 我个人认为这样的政策没有甚么好处。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
there's something to be said for (also there's a lot to be said for)
■said to mean that something has advantages 有利，有好处
• There's a lot to be said for living alone. 自己住有很多好处。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
to say nothing of ...
■and in addition there is 更不用说；而且还； 遑论
• It would be an enormous amount of work, to say nothing of the cost. 工作量会很大，遑论费用了。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
to say the least
■used to show that what you are describing is in fact much more serious or important than you have suggested 至少可以说
• It's going to be awkward, to say the least. 至少会很棘手。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
what sb says, goes informal
■said to mean that you must do whatever a particular person says （某人）怎么说就得怎么做；服从（某人的）命令
• Around here, mate, what I say, goes! 老兄，在这里，我怎么说就怎么做！
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
What have you got to say for yourself ?
■used to ask someone to explain why they have done something bad 你还有甚么好说的？ 你如何解释？
• Well, you've ruined my car - what have you got to say for yourself? 噢，你把我的车弄坏了——你想怎么解释？
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
when all is said and done
■said when you are about to tell someone the most important fact they should remember in a situation 说到底，终究
• When all is said and done, you can only do your best. 终究你只能尽力而为。
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
Who can say?
■no one knows 谁能说得准？谁会知道？
• "Is it possible?" "Who can say?" “这可能吗?”“谁知道？”
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
You can say that again !
■used to show that you completely agree with what someone has said 你说得很对！一点也没错！
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
You can't say fairer than that. UK informal
■used to say that you think an offer or arrangement is good 价格再公道不过了；协定的条件已很优厚了
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
You don't say! informal
■used either to express surprise or lack of surprise in a humorous and slightly unkind way （表示惊讶）不会这样吧！不至于吧！（幽默且不太客气地表示并不惊讶）我就知道！
• "He's lost his job." "You don't say!" “他丢掉了工作。”“不会吧！”
[seɪ] verb (said, said)
You said it! informal
■used to say that you agree with what has just been said 你说对了！正是如此！没错！
• "How stupid of me to lend him that money!" "You said it!" “我借钱给他，真傻。”“没错！”
[seɪ] exclamation
■used to express surprise or pleasure, or to attract attention to what you are about to say （用以表示惊讶、惊喜或唤起听话人的注意）哎呀
• US Say, that's really good of you! 哎呀，你真好！
• US Say, how about going out tonight? 嗨，今晚出去玩吧！
• UK old-fashioned or humorous I say, what a splendid hat you're wearing! 呀，你的帽子真漂亮！
[seɪ] noun [S or U]
■(the right to give) an opinion about something 意见；决定权；发言权
• Can't you keep quiet for a minute and let me have my say. 你不能安静一会儿让我发表一下意见吗？
• The judge usually has the final say. 法官通常拥有最终的决定权。
[seɪ] noun [S or U]
have a/some, etc. say in sth
■to be involved in making a decision about something 在…方面有发言权
• When he's 18, he'll begin to have a/some say in the running of the family business. 等他到了18岁就可以在家族企业的经营中拥有发言权。
• The staff had little/no say in the restructuring of the company. 职员们在公司重组过程中几乎没有／没有发言权。
state, speak, say, tell, utter, talk
这组词都有“说、讲”的意思，其区别是：
state: 较正式用词，通常指用明确的语言或文字着重地叙述事实，既强调内容又注重语气。
speak: 侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的演讲，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口发声说话。
say: 最普通常用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内容。
tell: 普通用词，指把某事告诉或讲述给某人听，口语或书面语均可用。
utter: 着重说话的行为，常指声音的使用，突出用噪子发声。
talk: 普通用词，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，和speak一样，着重说活动作而不侧重内容。
vt. 讲；说明；例如；声称；假设；指明
 - let, point out, suppose
vi. 讲；表示；念；假定；背诵
 - make a gesture, to express

Word: strut
Front: strut
[strʌt] (宝 11486/14938 -1)
Vocabulary: strut
(once / 1551 pages)
vn
When you strut, you walk with a proud swagger that has a little arrogance thrown in, like the prance of a running back who has just flown past the 250-pound linebackers and planted the ball in the end zone.
You can't strut and be shy about it — when you strut, you know people are watching you. The big boss in a gangster film, a model on the runway, and the rap artist whose album has just gone platinum all know how to strut. The noun form of strut has a little less flash and refers to a vertical or horizontal support that holds something up, like the long steel bars holding up a building.
WORD FAMILY
strut: struts, strutted, strutting
USAGE EXAMPLES
She kept on smiling and strutting in her high heels; she held her microphone toward the crowd.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Another world-class striker strutting his stuff in the Premiership.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Its African-American “queens” bridge two generations, and show differing levels of self-affirmation as they dance, sing, sass, sashay, fight, strut, mentor and mope.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 炫耀; 在…上趾高气扬地走; 给…加支撑
vi. 趾高气扬地走; 高视阔步
n. （框架的）支杆; 支柱; 趾高气扬的步态; （尤指跳舞或表演时）卖弄
时态：strutted, strutting, struts
分布：支柱(41%)，支撑(32%)，高视阔步(16%)，趾高气扬地走(11%)
→最终来自 ster,僵硬的，生硬的，固定的，词源同 stark,stare,stereo.引申词义支杆，支柱。
【记】读：死抓它：如果你从飞机上掉下来，说什么也要死死的抓住strut，不然非死即残，就不能strut了。
verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to walk in a proud way trying to look important 趾高气扬地走，昂首阔步
• The boys strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby. 男孩们神气十足地走来走去，想引起旁边一群女孩的注意。
[strʌt] verb intransitive (-tt-)
strut your stuff informal mainly humorous
■to dance in a confident and usually sexually exciting way, especially trying to be noticed by other people （尤指为引起他人注意）卖弄地跳舞
• Hey baby, why don't you get out on the floor and strut your stuff? 嘿，宝贝，你为甚么不下舞池露一手？
informal
■to show your abilities 显露身手；卖弄本领
• Wimbledon is the opportunity for all the world's best tennis players to strut their stuff. 温布顿网球公开赛是全世界顶尖网球选手大展身手的好机会。
[strʌt] noun countable
■a strong rod, usually made from metal or wood, which helps to hold something such as a vehicle or building together 支柱，支杆；撑杆
pace, stroll, strut, stride, walk
这组词都有“行走，徒步”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 指踱步，走步。
stroll: 多指走走停停，步子缓慢，悠闲自得，漫无目的。
strut: 指大摇大摆地走，含过分自信或自高自大意味。
stride: 着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
vt. 炫耀；在…上趾高气扬地走；给…加支撑
 - show off, brag about
n. [建] [航] 支柱；高视阔步
 - leg, backbone, stay, mainstay

Word: drone
Front: drone
[drəʊn] (宝 11442/16178 -1)
Vocabulary: drone
(once / 1075 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4n
To drone is to make a low, continuous noise that sounds like humming or buzzing. On summer nights, you might hear cicadas drone, and on snowy winter mornings, hear your neighbor's snow blower drone.
Like animals and machines, people drone too, their voices sounding dull and tedious: "When my history teacher drones on, it's hard to stay awake." Drone is also a noun, meaning the monotonous sound itself, like the drone of a boring lecture; or a male worker bee; or a person who's as unambitious as a worker bee. Finally, there are the drones that fly by remote control, doing surveillance, gathering weather information, and occasionally firing missiles for the military.
WORD FAMILY
drone: droned, drones, droning+/droning: dronings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The arms race is fed in part by the slow pace of government regulation for drones.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Visitors should allow for extra time getting to their destination. Also banned: No drones.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Meanwhile, she authorised the transfer to Estonia of high-precision long-range missiles to be deployed alongside drones, tanks and RAF jets.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 雄蜂; 嗡嗡声; 持续低音; 无人驾驶飞机
v. 嗡嗡叫; 嗡嗡响; 絮絮叨叨地说
时态：droned, droning, drones
分布：无人驾驶飞机(50%)，雄蜂(22%)，嗡嗡声(14%)，混日子(5%)，单调的声音(3%)，单调低沉地说(2%)，游手好闲者(2%)，嗡嗡叫(2%)
→拟声词。
【反】speak animatedly（生动地说）
US [droʊn] noun
NOISE 杂讯
only singular
■a low continuous noise which does not change its note 轰鸣声，嗡嗡声
• the drone of an engine 引擎的轰鸣声
• Outside the tent I could hear the constant drone of insects. 我能听到帐篷外面昆虫发出的持续不断的嗡嗡声。
• The drone of his voice made me feel sleepy. 他单调低沉的语调让我昏昏欲睡。
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] noun
BEE 蜜蜂
countable
■a male bee 雄蜂
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] verb intransitive
■to make a low continuous noise which does not change its note 轰鸣声，嗡嗡声
• An airplane droned in the background. 背景响起了飞机的轰鸣声。
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  drone on disapproving
■to talk for a long time in a boring way 喋喋不休，无休止地谈论
• He was droning on (and on)about his operation. 他在喋喋不休地讲他的手术。
n. 雄蜂；嗡嗡的声音；懒惰者
 - do-nothing
vi. 嗡嗡作声；混日子
 - goof off, hell around
vt. 低沉地说
 - rumble

Word: coward
Front: coward
[ˈkaʊəd] (研四六雅宝 11476/14789 -1)
Vocabulary: coward
(once / 466 pages)
n
A coward is someone who’s afraid of doing something daring or dangerous. Skydiving might sound exciting in theory, but you might be a coward when it comes to actually jumping out of a plane. Which is probably wise.
Coward comes from the Latin word couda, meaning “tail.” Have you ever seen a scared puppy with its tail between its legs? That’s what people who are cowards would be doing if they had tails. Being afraid of something dangerous might make someone a coward, but the word can also describe someone who avoids doing something difficult or unpleasant. If your boss makes his assistant deliver the unpleasant news about layoffs, you might call him a coward.
WORD FAMILY
coward: cowardly, cowards+/ cowardly: cowardliness/ cower: coward, cowered, cowering, cowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sundhage, well used to the antics of her “piece of work” former charge, wasn’t bothered: “It’s OK to be a coward if you win.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Twitter user Camz wrote, "You want a white genocide, why not be the one who starts it and see where you end up. You coward."
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
Soccer was terminated following the Rio Olympics, after she called Sweden’s team “cowards” for their defensive style of play against the Americans in the quarterfinals.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 胆小鬼，懦夫
adj. 怯懦的，胆小的
分布：懦夫(94%)，胆小的(6%)
→来自拉丁词cauda, 尾巴，词源同coda, queue. 原指动物夹着尾巴逃走，后指人胆小。
胆怯者(cow吓唬,吓坏)[-ard表名词"不好的人"]
n.懦夫,胆怯者The cowardly cow vows not to tow vowels.胆怯的母牛发誓不拖元音字母.
【记】读：靠world。靠着全世界的每一个人生活－懦夫见到cow就ar啊d的一声！－懦夫
【参】cowardly（adv 胆怯地）
【反】dauntlessness（n 无畏）
US ['kaʊ.ɚd] disapproving
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who is too eager to avoid danger, difficulty or pain 胆小鬼，懦夫
• They branded her a coward for informing on her colleagues during the interrogation. 她在审讯中告发了同事，因此被视为懦夫。
n. 懦夫，懦弱的人
 - chicken, molly
adj. 胆小的，懦怯的
 - timid, harehearted

Word: ploy
Front: ploy
[plɔɪ] (宝 11458/9604 -1)
Vocabulary: ploy
(once / 6466 pages)
n
A ploy is a clever plan that helps you get what you want. A manipulative little girl might shed tears simply as a ploy to get her mother to buy her ice cream.
A politician might add amendments to a bill as a ploy to delay voting, or a hooligan might yell, "Fire!" in a movie theater as a ploy to sneak his friends in. A sneaky move in a game is a ploy, and sensational news about a celebrity can be just a ploy to get him more media attention. The first recorded use of ploy was in 1722, meaning "anything with which one amuses oneself" in Scottish and Northern English dialects.
WORD FAMILY
ploy: ploys
USAGE EXAMPLES
This looks like little more than a cynical ploy to stoke public antipathy to federal regulation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Massachusetts Republicans say the criticism is a political ploy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Lawyers for the city called the suit a “last-minute ploy to nullify a legislative directive and eviscerate” the city’s promise to protect applicants’ privacy.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 策略，手法; 工作
v. 横队变纵队
分布：策略(71%)，手段(29%)
→缩写自deploy,部署，词源同ply,complicate.引申词义计谋，策略，花招等。
(取胜的)策略,手法[ploy=use,invlve,表示"用,参与"]
noun countable
■something that is done or said in order to get an advantage, often dishonestly 计谋，策略；手法，花招
• There are various ploys we can use if necessary. 必要的话，我们可以用各种手段。
• [+ to infinitive] He only said he had a meeting as a ploy to get her to leave. 他说他有一个会议要参加，只是为了把她支开。
n. 策略；活动；工作
 - strategy, device, activity, movement, pursuit

Word: cooperative
Front: cooperative
[kəʊ'ɒpərətɪv] (研六托宝 4249/8090)
Vocabulary: cooperative
(once / 2013 pages)
1adj 2n
As an adjective, cooperative describes working together agreeably for a common purpose or goal as in cooperative play or cooperative employee.
As a noun, a cooperative is a jointly-owned business or enterprise where members pool their resources to purchase, do work, and/or distribute things. You might join a food cooperative, for example, which jointly purchases a farmer's labor and then every member gets a basket of fresh fruits and vegetables each week of the growing season. In this use, the word is often shortened to co-op. You might also join a housing cooperative where you own your apartment and you and the other owners jointly care for the upkeep of the building and grounds.
WORD FAMILY
cooperative: cooperatively, cooperativeness, cooperatives, uncooperative+/ cooperate: cooperated, cooperates, cooperating, cooperation, cooperative, cooperator/ cooperation: cooperations/cooperator: cooperators/uncooperative: uncooperatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
It sells power back to East Kentucky Power Cooperative at night when the system produces more than the factory needs.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The celebration includes the recognition of the seven Kwanzaa principles of unity, self-determination, collective work and responsibility, cooperative economics, purpose, creativity and faith.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The system is a cooperative with centralized cataloging and check-out privileges for residents at any library, among other benefits.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 合作的; 协助的; 共同的; 〈美〉（大学文科）有关[包含]各种实习活动的
n. 合作社，联合体
分布：合作的(52%)，合作社(32%)，协作的(16%)
a.合作的,协作的n.合作社I have always found her cooperative.我觉得她总是那么善于合作.
【反】factious（adj 促进内部纠纷的）
US [koʊ'ɑ:.pɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective (ALSO UK also co-operative)
■willing to help or do what people ask 乐于合作的；协作的；配合的
• I've asked them not to play their music so loudly, but they're not being very cooperative. 我叫他们不要把音乐声放得这么大，可是他们不肯合作。
Opposite uncooperative
UK [kəʊ'ɒp.ər.ə.tɪv] US [koʊ'ɑ:.pɚ.ə.tˌɪv] noun countable (ALSO UK also co-operative) (also abbreviation co-op)
■a company that is owned and managed by the people who work in it 合作企业
• The magazine is run by a cooperative. 这份杂志由一家合作企业出版。
adj. [农经] 合作的；合作社的
 - coefficient, collaborative
n. [农经] 合作社
 - artel, co-op

Word: toasted
Front: toasted
[təustid] (11498/20468)
Back: v. 向…祝酒，为…干杯( toast的过去式和过去分词 ); 烤火，取暖，使暖和
分布：烤(39%)，烤面包(25%)，吐司(17%)，祝酒(13%)，烘(3%)，祝酒词(2%)，被祝酒的人(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
吐司;烤面包片
Toast is bread which has been cut into slices and made brown and crisp by cooking at a high temperature.
例：...a piece of toast.一片吐司
VERB
烤，烘(面包等)
When you toast something such as bread, you cook it at a high temperature so that it becomes brown and crisp.
例：Toast the bread lightly on both sides.稍稍烘烤面包两面。
例：...a toasted sandwich.烤三明治
N-COUNT
干杯;祝酒
When you drink a toast to someone or something, you drink some wine or another alcoholic drink as a symbolic gesture, in order to show your appreciation of them or to wish them success.
例：Eleanor and I drank a toast to Miss Jacobs...我和埃莉诺向雅各布斯小姐敬酒。
例：At the end of the meal Burgoyne was asked to propose a toast.用餐终了，伯戈因被邀请致祝酒词。
VERB
为…干杯;向…祝酒
When you toast someone or something, you drink a toast to them.
例：Party officials and generals toasted his health...政党官员与军队将领为他的健康举杯祝酒。
例：They toasted her in champagne.他们以香槟为她干杯。
N-SING
深受敬慕的人;最受推崇的人
If someone is the toast of a place, they are very popular and greatly admired there, because they have done something very successfully or well.
例：She was the toast of Paris.她是巴黎最受推崇的人。
PHRASE
完蛋，遭殃
If someone is toast, you mean that they are certain to be defeated or destroyed.
例：They know how to control, restrict and, if need be, throttle access, important to newspapers and absolutely vital to radio and television. And if you don't play the game, you're toast.他们知道怎样控制、限制信息获取途径，而且如果需要，还会将其完全阻断，而这些途径对报纸来说很重要，对广播、电视更是极其关键。如果你不遵守游戏规则，你就完蛋了。
adj. 烤的
 - baked, roasted

Word: stirring
Front: stirring
[ˈstɜ:rɪŋ] (11463/13763 -1)
Back: adj. 激动人心的; 鼓舞人心的; 令人激情澎湃的
v. 激起（stir的ing形式）
n. 萌动; 出现; 酝酿 ; 开始
分布：活跃的(50%)，起始阶段(21%)，令人激动的(21%)，动词stir的现在分词形式.(8%)
→stir,搅动，打动，-ing,形容词后缀。
US ['stɝ:.ɪŋ] adjective approving
■A stirring speech or song is one which produces strong positive emotions. （演说或歌曲）令人内心澎湃的，激动人心的
UK ['stɜ:.rɪŋ] US ['stɝ:.ɪŋ] noun countable
■the beginning of something, such as an emotion or thought （情感、想法等的）萌发，萌生
• She felt a faint stirring of envy when she heard that one of her colleagues had been promoted. 当她听说一个同事升职之后，心里感觉有点嫉妒。
adj. 激动人心的；活跃的，活泼的；忙碌的
 - alive, active, excited, busy, engaged
v. 激起（stir的ing形式）
 - prompting

Word: pretense
Front: pretense
[prɪ'tens] (托 11459/-)
Vocabulary: pretense
(once / 378 pages)
n
When you operate under a pretense, you're not being honest. You're pretending. If you say you're going to a party because you’re eager to see your friend, but really you're just interested in the birthday cake, you’re acting on pretense.
Pretense involves deceiving on purpose, and it's usually something you shouldn’t be proud of. Under the pretense of being a college student, you might sneak into a library restricted to enrolled students. That’s dishonest and deceitful. But pretense isn’t always bad. You might not want to hurt your mother’s feelings, so you make a pretense of loving her tuna casserole, even though you’re trying not to gag on it.
WORD FAMILY
pretense: pretenses, pretension, pretentious +/ pretension: pretensions/ pretentious: pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretentious / unpretentious: unpretentiously, unpretentiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The owner of the Spruce Hill Inn told the paper the venue was rented “under false pretenses” and he expected a small party.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This knowledge results in some genuine illiberalism, in an effort to keep up the pretense that Israel is both a democracy and a Jewish-majority state.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Any pretense of Siatta as a threat to visitors fell away.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 借口; （无事实根据的）要求; 自称; 假装
分布：借口(38%)，虚假(24%)，伪装(15%)，炫耀(11%)，自吹(8%)，=pretence.(4%)
→来自pretend,假装，佯装，-s,过去分词格。此处形容词后名词。
n. 借口；虚假；炫耀；自吹（等于pretence）
 - excuse, display, blind

Word: vertically
Front: vertically
['vɜ:tɪklɪ] (11490/9720)
Back: adv. 垂直地; 直立地; 陡峭地; 在顶点
分布：垂直地(100%)
ADJ
垂直的;直立的
Something that is vertical stands or points straight up.
例：The climber inched up a vertical wall of rock...攀登者慢慢爬上了陡直的石壁。
例：The gadget can be attached to any vertical or near vertical surface.该装置可以装在任何垂直或近似垂直的平面上。
N-SING
垂直方向
The vertical is the direction that points straight up, at an angle of 90 degrees to a flat surface.
例：Pluto seems to have suffered a major collision that tipped it 122 degrees from the vertical.冥王星似乎受到过严重撞击，倾斜了122度。
N-COUNT
垂直线;垂直面
A vertical is a line or structure that is vertical.
例：As long as the verticals align, the design will look regular.只要所有垂直面在一条线上，图案看起来就会很整齐。
adv. 垂直地
 - perpendicularly

Word: big-time
Front: big-time
['bɪɡt'aɪm] None
Back: adj. <美俚>一流的，快乐时光
分布：非常(34%)，重要的(33%)，极其(33%)
adj. 一流的；快乐时光
 - top-ranking, tuff

Word: acclaimed
Front: acclaimed
[ə'kleimd] (托 11493/16388)
Back: v. 向…欢呼( acclaim的过去式和过去分词); 向…喝彩; 称赞…; 欢呼或拥戴（某人）为…
VERB
称赞;赞扬
If someone or something is acclaimed, they are praised enthusiastically.
例：She has been acclaimed for the TV drama 'Prime Suspect'...她凭借电视剧《头号嫌疑犯》而受到好评。
例：He was acclaimed as England's greatest modern painter...他被誉为英格兰现代最伟大的油画家。
N-UNCOUNT
公开赞扬;称誉
Acclaim is public praise for someone or something.
例：Angela Bassett has won critical acclaim for her excellent performance...安吉拉·贝塞特凭借其出色的表演赢得了评论界的好评。
例：All this equipment has received international acclaim from the specialist hi-fi press.这套设备受到全球高保真音响专业报刊的赞誉。

Word: balancing
Front: balancing
['bælənsɪŋ] (11491/14818)
Back: n. 配平
v. （使）平衡( balance的现在分词 ); （使）均衡; （使）相抵; 权衡
分布：平衡(99%)，平差(1%)
V-ERG
（使）保持平衡；（使）平稳
If you balance something somewhere, or if it balances there, it remains steady and does not fall.
例：I balanced on the ledge...我在窗台上站稳。
例：He balanced a football on his head.他将一只足球稳稳地顶在头上。
N-UNCOUNT
平衡能力
Balance is the ability to remain steady when you are standing up.
例：The medicines you are currently taking could be affecting your balance.你现在服用的药物可能会影响身体的平衡能力。
V-RECIP-ERG
使（力量、重要性等）相等；使均衡；使持平
If you balance one thing with something different, each of the things has the same strength or importance.
例：Balance spicy dishes with mild ones...做到辛辣菜和清淡菜比重相当。
例：The state has got to find some way to balance these two needs...国家必须找出平衡这两种需求的办法。
N-SING
（力量、重要性等的）均衡，均势
A balance is a situation in which all the different parts are equal in strength or importance.
例：Their marriage is a delicate balance between traditional and contemporary values...他们的婚姻在传统和现代价值观之间保持着微妙平衡。
例：There was no other way to ensure that people would get the right balance of foods.没有其他方法可以确保人们饮食均衡。
N-SING
（尤指冲突或比赛中的）局面，胜利天平
If you say that the balance tips in your favour, you start winning or succeeding, especially in a conflict or contest.
例：...a powerful new gun which could tip the balance of the war in their favour...将使他们在战争中占据优势的威力巨大的新型火炮
例：The balance continues to swing away from final examinations to continuous assessment.期末考试渐渐被连续性评估所取代。
VERB
权衡；对比；斟酌
If you balance one thing against another, you consider its importance in relation to the other one.
例：She carefully tried to balance religious sensitivities against democratic freedom.她谨慎地试图对宗教情感和民主自由两者作出权衡。
VERB
使（预算、经济等）平衡
If someone balances their budget or if a government balances the economy of a country, they make sure that the amount of money that is spent is not greater than the amount that is received.
例：He balanced his budgets by rigid control over public expenditure.他通过严格控制公共开支保持预算平衡。
V-ERG
结算（账目）；（使）收支相等
If you balance your books or make them balance, you prove by calculation that the amount of money you have received is equal to the amount that you have spent.
例：...teaching them to balance the books...教他们结平账目
例：To make the books balance, spending must fall and taxes must rise.为了使收支相等，必须减少支出，增加税收。
N-COUNT
（银行账户的）余额，余数，结存
The balance in your bank account is the amount of money you have in it.
例：I'd like to check the balance in my account please.请查一下我的账户余额。
N-SING
（钱款的）剩余部分
The balance of an amount of money is what remains to be paid for something or what remains when part of the amount has been spent.
例：They were due to pay the balance on delivery.他们应该在货到时支付余额。
PHRASE
悬而未决；待定
If something hangs in the balance, it is uncertain whether it will happen or continue.
例：The fate of a project which could revolutionise the use of computers in hospitals hangs in the balance.可能给医院的计算机使用带来革命的项目仍然前途未明。
PHRASE
保持/失去平衡
If you keep your balance, for example when standing in a moving vehicle, you remain steady and do not fall over. If you lose your balance, you become unsteady and fall over.
例：She was holding onto the rail to keep her balance...她抓住扶手以保持平衡。
例：He swung around, almost losing his balance.他蓦地转身，差点失去平衡。
PHRASE
（身体）失去平衡，几近跌倒
If you are off balance, you are in an unsteady position and about to fall.
例：A gust of wind knocked him off balance and he fell face down in the mud.一阵大风刮得他失去平衡，脸朝下摔在泥里。
PHRASE
惊慌失措；迷惑不解
If you are thrown off balance by something, you are surprised or confused by it.
例：She was trying to behave as if his visit hadn't thrown her off balance.她尽力装作对他的造访并不吃惊。
PHRASE
权衡之后；全面考虑之后；总的来说
You can say on balance to indicate that you are stating an opinion after considering all the relevant facts or arguments.
例：On balance he agreed with Christine.总的来说，他同意克里斯蒂娜的意见。
n. 平衡；结算；调零装置
 - settlement, clearing

Word: manifest
Front: manifest
[ˈmænɪfest] (研六雅宝 5931/6436 -2)
Vocabulary: manifest
(once / 126 pages)
1adjv 2nv
Choose the verb manifest when someone shows something for everyone to notice. You might manifest your dislike of school food by stirring it around into a big pile of slop on your tray.
Coming from the Latin manifestus "caught in the act," manifest can be used as an adjective or a noun as well as a verb. As an adjective, manifest is a formal way to say that something is apparent to the senses and is synonymous with evident, apparent, or clear. If you have strong feelings about something, they will be manifest on your face. A ship or plane's manifest is the list of cargo or passengers on a particular trip.
WORD FAMILY
manifest: manifestation, manifested, manifestedly, manifesting, manifestly, manifests+/ manifestation: manifestations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its manifest said it was only carrying 100 passengers.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s not to deny the genuinely disturbing racism manifesting in the US and across Europe.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A disaster agency spokesman told AFP news agency the ship was carrying more than double the number of people listed on its manifest.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 显示，表明; 证明; 使显现
adj. 明白的，明显的
n. 货单，旅客名单
时态：manifested, manifesting, manifests
分布：显示(46%)，显然的(11%)，明白的(10%)，表露(9%)，旅客名单(9%)，证实(8%)，载货单(7%)
→来自拉丁语manifestus,清晰的，明显的，抓个正着的，来自manus,手，词源同manual,-fest,击，打，抓住，词源同infest,offend.引申词义显现，展现。
明显的v表明;证实(mani+fest打击→用手打出→不隐藏→表明)[man,maun=hand,表示"手"]
明白的,显然的(mani手+fest→仇恨得用手打→[恨]明显的)[fest=hostile,表示"仇恨"]
v.表明,证明,显示a.明白的,明了的The wrestler's testimony manifests that he has large estates.角力者的证言表明他有大量房地产.
【参】manifesto（n 宣言；声明）
【反】latent（adj 潜在的）；occult（adj 神秘的）
['mæn.ɪ.fest] formal
verb transitive
LIST OF PEOPLE
■to show something clearly, through signs or actions 显示；表现；表明
• The workers chose to manifest their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. 工人决定藉一连串罢工来表达他们的不满。
• The illness first manifested itself in/as severe stomach pains. 这种疾病最初表现为严重的胃痛。
• Lack of confidence in the company manifested itself in a fall in the share price. 人们对公司缺乏信心，股价下跌正好显示此情况。
['mæn.ɪ.fest] formal
adjective
■easily noticed or obvious 明显的，显而易见的
• manifest relief 显而易见的放松
• manifest lack of interest 明显的缺乏兴趣
manifest, indicate, illustrate
manifest: 表明、透露、清楚表示（show plainly）,显露（性质、感情） [反身用法]显示，出现（reveal）
indicate: 显示，
illustrate: 图例说明
demonstrate, manifest, display, show, exhibit
这组词都有“显示、显露、展现”的意思，其区别是：
demonstrate: 指明显地表露感情。也指用实例、实验推理等手段表演证明，或论证某一问题。
manifest: 书面正式用词，指明确地表明。
display: 多指将某物陈列在显眼之处以便让发现其优点，侧重有意识地显示。
show: 最普通用词，泛指任何有意或无意地把东西给别人看的行为。
exhibit: 指公开或正式地展示，以便引人注目或让人检查。
clear, obvious, evident, apparent, manifest, definite, plain, distinct
这组词都有“清楚的，明白的，明显的”的意思，其区别是：
clear: 普通用词，侧重清楚明白。
obvious: 语气较强，指极为明显，有目共睹，无需说明和论证。
evident: 指根据事实成为显然的。
apparent: 强调显而易见或一想便知。这个词从动词appear派生而来，故有时含有表面如此而事实上未必的意味。
manifest: 语义较强，书面用词，强调一目了然，暗示不要任何推论就一清二楚。
definite: 语气肯定，着重明白无误，无可怀疑。
plain: 普通用词，含义与clear很接近，可通用，但plain着重简单明了，不复杂。
distinct: 较正式用词，指轮廓的清楚或定义、含义的明确，不会弄错。
vt. 证明，表明；显示
 - indicate, prove, demonstrate, reveal, make clear
vi. 显示，出现
 - occur, make clear, figure, offer, come out
n. [贸易] 载货单，货单；旅客名单
 - passenger list
adj. 显然的，明显的；明白的
 - apparent, obvious, distinct, transparent, decided

Word: first-year
Front: first-year
None None
Back: 第一年的
分布：第一年的(100%)

Word: destroyer
Front: destroyer
[dɪˈstrɔɪə(r)] (11489/12204 -1)
Back: n. 驱逐舰; 破坏者，扑灭者; 驱逐者; 起破坏作用的事物
分布：驱逐舰(79%)，破坏者(18%)，阻止者(3%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small fast military ship 驱逐舰
literary
■a person or thing that destroys something 毁灭者
n. [船] [军] 驱逐舰；破坏者；起破坏作用的事物
 - Virus Chaser, chaser

Word: unborn
Front: unborn
[ˌʌnˈbɔ:n] (11469/14468 -1)
Back: adj. 未出生的，未诞生的; 未来的，后世的
分布：将来的(50%)，未生的(50%)
US [-'bɔ:rn] adjective
■not yet born; in the mother's womb 未出生的
• the protection of the unborn child 对胎儿的保护
adj. 未来的；未诞生的
 - future, prospective

Word: glittering
Front: glittering
[ˈglɪtərɪŋ] (11492/8798 -1)
Back: adj. 辉煌的; 闪闪发光的; 光辉灿烂的
v. 闪烁，闪耀，闪光(glitter的现在分词)
分布：闪闪发亮的(78%)，动词glitter的现在分词形式.(22%)
US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
EXCITING 令人激动的
■exciting or admired by many people, usually relating to rich and famous people 辉煌的，成功的，光彩的（通常与富人名流有关）
• a glittering career 辉煌的事业
• The Cannes Film Festival is one of the most glittering occasions in the movie world. 康城电影节是电影界最为光彩夺目的盛事之一。
UK ['glɪt.ər.ɪŋ] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
BRIGHT LIGHT 亮光
■shining with a lot of small bright flashes of light 闪烁，闪耀，闪光
• the glittering skyline of Manhattan 曼克顿流光溢彩的空中轮廓线
adj. 闪闪发光的
 - sparkling, starry
v. 闪闪发光（glitter的ing形式）
 - blinking

Word: barley
Front: barley
[ˈbɑ:li] (六 11471/7822 -1)
Vocabulary: barley
(once / 979 pages)
n
Barley is a grain that's related to the grass family and is used in many foods and drinks. Barley is an important ingredient in making beer.
Barley is the fourth largest crop grown in the world. It's used to feed grazing livestock, eaten as a whole grain, milled into flour for baking, and dried to make malt, an ingredient in both beer and whisky. The Old English root of barley is bærlic, most likely from a Proto-Indo-European source that means "bristle, point, or projection."
WORD FAMILY
barley: barleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The backbone of a diet good for both people and planet is whole grains and legumes: oats, barley, wheat, corn, beans, peanuts, lentils.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The publication also includes the first assessment of crops including wild oats, barley, mango and other wild relative plants.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
The second, darker variety, which is sold exclusively at Hiwot, contains whole-wheat flour, red sorghum, black teff and barley.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 大麦; 大麦粒; 麦子
分布：大麦(100%)
→bar, 来自PIE *bhars, 刺，硬毛，同bristle, 刚毛，硬毛。-ley, 同like, 像。因麦穗如硬毛而命名。
US ['bɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■a tall plant like grass with long straight hairs growing from the head of each stem, or the grain from this plant which is used for food and for making beer and whisky 大麦
n. [作物] 大麦
 - hordeum vulgare, Hordeum

Word: quiver
Front: quiver
[ˈkwɪvə(r)] (研六托雅宝 11515/10746 -1)
Vocabulary: quiver
(once / 269 pages)
1vn 2n
Scaredy cats around the globe know that quivering is a trembling, shaking motion. A cold gust of wind might make you quiver, as would an icy glare from the abominable snowman.
The verb to quiver means to shudder, wobble, or vibrate, often from fear. But the noun quiver? It's actually the carrying case for your arrows, just the kind of thing Robin Hood would have strapped to his back. So imagine one of his arrows sailing through the air, hitting a tree with a hearty whack!, and then quivering there for a few seconds.
WORD FAMILY
quiver: quivered, quivering, quivers+/ quivering: quiverings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
My favorite contestants’ voices often quiver slightly as they continue.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The thud of mine blasting echoes in the background and Narayan’s house quivers a little.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 微颤，抖动
vt. 使震动
n. 抖动; 颤音; 箭筒; 箭筒
时态：quivered, quivering, quivers
分布：颤抖(50%)，箭袋(31%)，振动(13%)，箭袋内的箭(6%)
→来自qu-所表示的拟声词，模仿松软，颤动或颤抖的声音，词源同quake,quiver.
v./n.颤抖,抖动She was quivering with fear.她因恐惧而在发抖.
【记】源于：quaver（v 颤抖；n 颤音）；注意箭囊的意思。
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shake slightly, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• Lennie's bottom lip quivered and tears started in his eyes. 雷尼的下唇颤抖着，眼里涌出了泪光。
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a long thin container for carrying arrows 箭筒；箭囊
UK ['kwɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
SHAKE 颤抖
■a slight shake, often because of strong emotion （常指因激动而）颤抖，发抖
• The opening bars of the music sent a quiver of excitement through the crowd. 音乐起始的几小节让人群顿时兴奋激动起来。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 颤抖；箭袋；震动
 - shock, flesh-creep
vi. 颤抖；振动
 - quake, judder
vt. 使…颤动；抖动
 - thrill

Word: reactive
Front: reactive
[riˈæktɪv] (11513/10511 -1)
Vocabulary: reactive
(once / 21569 pages)
adj
To be reactive is to be ready to react or respond to something else — as opposed to ready to act on one's own. A person who's reactive does things only in response to others.
To react is to do something in response to something else. When someone pinches you, for example, you react. But if you're a reactive person, then you only react; you're always ready to react but not to act on your own. You're rather lifeless unless something or someone else causes you to do act. This is usually seen as a negative trait in people, unless you're talking about, say, firefighters or cops. We admire people who don't need prodding to get things done. Some chemicals are called reactive, too, because they react readily with other chemicals.
WORD FAMILY
reactive: reactively, reactivity, unreactive+/ overreact: overreacted, overreacting, overreaction, overreacts/overreaction: overreactions/ react: overreact, reactant, reacted, reacting, reaction, reactive, reacts/ reaction: reactionary, reactionism, reactions/ reactionary: reactionaries, reactionarily/reactionism: reactionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reactive hyperbole may not be the best posture from which to intelligently and strategically fight Trumpism.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Pearl of wisdom: We spend most of our lives in a reactive trance, not really thinking about why we do what we do.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Paterson, by contrast, seems recessive, reactive and, insofar as the entire movie is based on patterns of repetition, thoroughly predictable.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 反应的; 电抗的; 活性的
分布：反应的(62%)，活性的(21%)，反作用的(17%)
→来自 react,反应，反抗，-ive,形容词后缀。
adjective
■reacting to events or situations rather than acting first to change or prevent something 反应的，回应的（非主动求变或预防的）
• Unfortunately, the police have dealt with the problem of car theft in a reactive rather than a proactive way. 不幸的是，员警应付汽车盗窃案的方式只是发生一宗调查一宗，而不是采取主动预防性措施。
adj. 反应的；电抗的；反动的
 - corresponsive, retroactive

Word: coherence
Front: coherence
[kəʊˈhɪərəns] (托 11502/10272)
Vocabulary: coherence
(once / 5721 pages)
1n 2n
When something has coherence, all of its parts fit together well. An argument with coherence is logical and complete — with plenty of supporting facts.
Coherence comes from a Latin word meaning “to stick together. When you say policies, arguments and strategies are coherent, you’re praising them for making sense. Scientists are always looking for coherence in data to support their hypotheses. And coaches are always looking for coherence in their teams, so they don't fall apart.
WORD FAMILY
coherence: coherences+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive /coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesion: cohesions/ cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies/ incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It really requires norms of coherence and consistency," he said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Prof Mullis said that the success of Asian countries reflected the "coherence" of their approach and a "culture steeped in education".
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Goodbye to All That is not all about the war, but it has a strong internal coherence.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 一致性; 相干性; 凝聚; 联接
分布：连贯(64%)，一致(36%)
【记】cohere（vi 粘着，凝结，紧凑）co共同，here粘－粘在一起
【参】coherent（adj 连贯的，一致的＝consistent＝articulated）cohesive（adj 粘着的）；cohesion（n 结合，凝聚）
US [koʊ'hɪr.ənts] noun uncountable
■when the parts of something fit together in a natural or sensible way 连贯性，一致性
• There was no coherence between the first and the second half of the film. 该影片的前半部分和后半部分之间缺乏连贯性。
n. 一致； [计] 连贯性； [物] 凝聚
 - accordance, unity, agreement, identity, consensus

Word: briskly
Front: briskly
['brɪsklɪ] (11477/9241)
Back: adv. 轻快地; 活泼地; 伶俐地; 迅速地
分布：活泼地(75%)，精神勃勃地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
轻快的；生气勃勃的
A brisk activity or action is done quickly and in an energetic way.
例：Taking a brisk walk can often induce a feeling of well-being...快步行走常常会使人感到身心舒畅。
例：The horse broke into a brisk trot.马突然快步小跑起来。
ADJ-GRADED
（生意）兴隆的，红火的
If trade or business is brisk, things are being sold very quickly and a lot of money is being made.
例：Vendors were doing a brisk trade in souvenirs...商贩们的纪念品生意很红火。
例：Its sales had been brisk since July.自7月以来销售一直很旺。
ADJ-GRADED
（天气）寒冷而清新的
If the weather is brisk, it is cold and fresh.
例：...a typically brisk winter's day on the South Coast...南部海岸一个典型的清冷冬日
例：The breeze was cool, brisk and invigorating.微风凉爽、清新，令人精神振奋。
ADJ-GRADED
爽快干脆的；精干利落的；麻利的
Someone who is brisk behaves in a busy, confident way which shows that they want to get things done quickly.
例：The Chief summoned me downstairs. He was brisk and businesslike...主管叫我到楼下。他做事干练、务实。
例：She is noted for her brisk handling of business.她处理事务时的干脆利落是出了名的。
adv. 迅速地；活泼地；尖刻地
 - quickly, rapidly, fast, promptly, ready

Word: deceptive
Front: deceptive
[dɪˈseptɪv] (六托 11485/13758 -1)
Vocabulary: deceptive
(once / 2149 pages)
adj
Something that's deceptive is not what it seems. A deceptive person will lead you to believe something other than the truth. Of course, I would never be deceptive when explaining the word deceptive.
If someone tells you that “appearances can be deceptive,” they mean you should look closely at your surroundings because the truth might not be obvious. You might see a connection between the verb to deceive and the adjective deceptive, so you are on to something. If you deceive someone, you are being deceptive. Is it ok to be deceptive when you're planning a surprise party?
WORD FAMILY
deceptive: deceptively, deceptiveness+/ deceive: deceived, deceiver, deceives, deceiving, deception, deceptive, undeceive/deceiver: deceivers/deceiving: deceivingly/ deception: deceptions, self-deception/undeceive: undeceived, undeceives, undeceiving
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Deceptive Bike Box. A mild sensation online, this object from the oft-neglected packaging category may be the year’s most cunning design solution.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The administration was deceptive about the motives for the 2012 Benghazi attack.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
They want the FDA to require plant-based products to adopt a name other than milk, which they say is deceptive.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 欺诈的，骗人的; 靠不住的; 迷惑的; 虚伪的
分布：骗人的(55%)，虚伪的(30%)，诈欺的(15%)
欺骗性的(de坏＋cept+ive→拿坏的东西来→欺骗性的)[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
adjective
■making you believe something that is not true 有欺骗成分的，骗人的；造成假像的
• It's deceptive - from the outside the building looks small, but inside it's quite big. 这是一种错觉——从外面看这栋建筑物很小，但内部空间却相当大。
adj. 欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的
 - artificial, lost, false

Word: fabrication
Front: fabrication
[ˌfæbrɪ'keɪʃn] (六 11480/14413)
Vocabulary: fabrication
(once / 4432 pages)
n
A fabrication is something made up, like a lie. Telling your boss that the subway broke down when in fact you just forgot to set your alarm is a fabrication.
The word fabrication was originally used to talk about manufacturing or construction, and it referred to the act of assembling something. Tires and steering wheels are necessary materials for automobile fabrication. Nowadays, the word fabrication is usually used to refer to the act of coming up with a story out of thin air. In this sense, a book of fiction is a fabrication, as is the lie you tell your girlfriend to explain why you forgot her birthday (again).
WORD FAMILY
fabrication: fabrications, refabrication+/ fabricate: fabricated, fabricates, fabricating, fabrication, fabricator, prefabricate/fabricator: fabricators/prefabricate: prefabricated, prefabricates, prefabricating, prefabrication
USAGE EXAMPLES
Owens sketches the furniture, and Lamy chooses and sources the materials and oversees fabrication, they said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
You can’t defend it against all enemies, foreign and domestic, if you dismiss intelligence about foreign enemies as fabrications by your domestic enemies.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Her fabrication was retold on the pages of Rolling Stone and did far more than sully a publication and a writer.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 制造; 捏造
分布：制造(91%)，建造(8%)，虚构的谎言(1%)
VERB
编造;捏造
If someone fabricates information, they invent it in order to deceive people.
例：All four claim that officers fabricated evidence against them...4 人全都声称警察捏造证据陷害他们。
例：Eleven key officials were hanged on fabricated charges.11位高官因莫须有的罪名被处以绞刑。
VERB
制造;制作
If something is fabricated from different materials or substances, it is made out of those materials or substances.
例：All the tools are fabricated from high quality steel.所有工具均由精钢制成。
例：...a plant which fabricates airplane components.一家制造飞机配件的工厂
n. 制造，建造；装配；伪造物
 - assembly, manufacture, machining, make, fishing

Word: fearless
Front: fearless
[ˈfɪələs] (六 11481/14216 -1)
Back: adj. 无畏的; 大胆的; 不怕的
分布：无畏的(58%)，勇敢的(28%)，大胆的(14%)
US ['fɪr-] adjective
■having no fear 无畏的；大胆的
• a fearless fighter 无畏的斗士
brave, bold, daring, heroic, fearless, courageous
这组词都有“勇敢的”的意思，其区别是：
brave: 含义广泛，指天生的勇敢，无所畏惧地面对困难与危险，侧重胆识与果断。
bold: 侧重指面对困难或危险时勇往直前，勇于进取的勇敢精神。
daring: 强调面临意外或危险时胆大心细，头脑冷静。褒义贬义均可用，贬义指胆大妄为。
heroic: 正式用词，多指在战争或重大危险时，为他人为事业忘我献身的英雄气概。
fearless: 语气肯定，侧重在危险时无所畏惧，毫无动摇。
courageous: 正式用词，侧重指在一切情况下都有胆量，无所畏惧，强调基于道德信念，经深思熟虑后所产生的勇敢。
adj. 无畏的；大胆的
 - bold, audacious

Word: triumph
Front: triumph
[ˈtraɪʌmf] (研四六托雅宝 4638/3546 -3)
Vocabulary: triumph
(once / 81 pages)
nv
A triumph is a well-earned victory. It'll make you pump your fist and yell "Hurrah!"
Triumph can be a noun or a verb, so you can have a triumph after the big game when you triumph over your opponents. Either way, it's a way to rejoice and a reason to whoop it up. The word comes from the Latin triumphus which is an "achievement, success, procession for a victorious general or admiral." The jury's still out on whether it comes from the Greek thriambos, as a "hymn to Dionysus," but it's fun to imagine that a triumph is a song to the Greek god of party animals. Fittingly, a Triumph is also the name of a motorcycle, a cool car, and a hard rockin' band from Canada.
WORD FAMILY
triumph: triumphal, triumphant, triumphed, triumphing, triumphs+/triumphal: triumphally/ triumphant: triumphantest, triumphantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They agreed that claims of the “absolute character” of scientific truth, and the supposed triumph of Enlightenment reason, needed to be challenged.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The films explored Hull's history, from the Blitz to sporting triumphs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The summer brought triumph after triumph for the U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 胜利; 巨大的成就; （成功的）典范; （巨大成功或胜利的）心满意足
vi. 获胜; 克服; 打败; 战胜
时态：triumphed, triumphing, triumphs
分布：胜利(73%)，战胜(12%)，凯旋(7%)，成就(4%)，欢欣(3%)，庆祝胜利(1%)
→来自拉丁语 triumphus,胜利，成功，古罗马班师回朝的军队，来自希腊语 thriambos,赞歌， 特指献给酒神 Dionysus 的赞歌，词源同 thriambus.
n.胜利,成功v.得胜,战胜With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
noun countable or uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a very great success, achievement or victory (= when you win a war, fight or competition) , or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this 巨大成功；胜利；狂喜
• The book celebrates the hostages' remarkable triumph over appalling adversity. 这本书颂扬人质脱离可怕险境的壮举。
• The signing of the agreement was a personal triumph for the Prime Minister. 签订该协议对首相而言是一项伟大的个人成就。
• It was the Republican Party's third election triumph in a row. 这是共和党连续第三次赢得选举胜利。
• The eradication of smallpox by vaccination was one of medicine's greatest triumphs. 透过接种疫苗根除天花是医学上最伟大的成就之一。
• The constitutional changes have been hailed as a triumph for democracy. 宪法改革被誉为民主政治所取得的一项重大成就。
• The match ended in triumph for the French team. 比赛以法国队获胜而告终。
• He returned in triumph from the sales with a half-price stereo system. 他从拍卖会回来的时候，兴高采烈地抱着半价买来的立体声音响。
['traɪ.əmpf] verb intransitive
■to have a very great success or victory 巨大成功；胜利
• I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil. 我相信正义终究要战胜邪恶。
• The Democrats once again triumphed in recent elections. 民主党人在最近的选举中再次获胜。
conquest, victory, triumph
这组词都有“胜利”的意思，其区别是：
conquest: 指获取胜利或征服，把败者置于控制之下。
victory: 普通用词，主要指在战争、斗争或竞赛中获得的胜利，侧重艰辛与成功。
triumph: 着重胜利或成功的辉煌与彻底。
n. 胜利，凯旋；欢欣
 - victory, success, win
vi. 获得胜利，成功
 - arrive, win, make good

Word: manufactured
Front: manufactured
[mænjʊ'fæktʃəd] (11510/10115)
Back: adj. 人造的
v. （大规模）制造( manufacture的过去式和过去分词 ); 捏造; 加工; 粗制滥造（文学作品）
分布：制成的(45%)，人造的(33%)，动词manufacture的过去式和过去分词.(22%)
VERB
（通常指大量）制造，生产
To manufacture something means to make it in a factory, usually in large quantities.
例：They manufacture the class of plastics known as thermoplastic materials...他们生产这类被称为热塑材料的塑料制品。
例：The first three models are being manufactured at the factory in Ashton-under-Lyne...最初的3种型号在阿什顿安德莱恩的工厂生产。
N-COUNT
产品；制造品;工业品
Manufactures are goods or products which have been made in a factory.
例：...a long-term rise in the share of manufactures in nonoil exports.非石油出口产品中工业品份额的长期增长
VERB
虚构;捏造
If you say that someone manufactures information, you are criticizing them because they invent information that is not true.
例：According to the prosecution, the officers manufactured an elaborate story...根据控方意见，官员们精心编造了事情经过。
例：He said the allegations were manufactured on the flimsiest evidence.他说这些指控都是凭空捏造的。
adj. 制造的，已制成的
 - fabricating
v. 制造，加工（manufacture的过去式）
 - produced

Word: barbed
Front: barbed
[bɑ:bd] (11507/11374 -1)
Vocabulary: barbed
(once / 2404 pages)
adj
Something that's barbed is sharp or spiky. Barbed wire has very sharp points at intervals along its length, to keep animals or people in (or out of) a yard.
Roses are famous for their sweet blossoms and barbed stems. A fish hook is also barbed, with a sharp spike on its end. You can use barbed figuratively, to describe cruel or biting words: "Her barbed comment made it clear how angry she was after the practical joke he'd played on her." The root of barbed is the Old French word for "beard," or "something beardlike," barbe, from the Latin barba, also "beard."
WORD FAMILY
barbed: barbedest+/ barb: barbed, barbing, barbs
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one time, the Rams’ season finale against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday shaped up as something of a barbed holiday gift exchange between coaches.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
“Barbed wires cutting us. All of my skin is full of scars, but that is all.”
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 装有倒钩的; 尖刻讥讽的; 锋利的
分布：有倒钩的(49%)，有刺的(29%)，讽刺的(16%)，动词barb的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
US [bɑ:rbd] adjective
■having a sharp point which curves backwards 带刺的，有倒刺的
■unkind and criticizing （说话）带刺的，讥讽的
• She made some rather barbed comments about my lifestyle. 她对我的生活方式作了一番讥讽。
adj. [昆] 有刺的；讽刺的；有倒钩的
 - acid, spinose

Word: dormant
Front: dormant
[ˈdɔ:mənt] (研六托雅宝 11487/11276 -1)
Vocabulary: dormant
(once / 1952 pages)
adj
That old dog was dormant for so long he was confused for a furry doormat, but a doormat is likely to stay dormant, or inactive, because it is lifeless: that old dog has some life in him yet.
Volcanoes are described as dormant when they stay cool for a long time, without spewing hot lava and ash. They may have the ability to come to life, but they remain dormant, or inactive. Dormant comes from French dormir, "to sleep," and it refers to living things that are on a break rather than things that have died. Being dormant is being temporarily at rest, although sometimes, as with some cancer cells, things become permanently — and thankfully — dormant.
WORD FAMILY
dormant: dormancy, dormantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For ages, anti-Semitism felt dead or maybe just dormant in the ugliest, dark corners of America, where moon-landing and illuminati conspiracy theories writhed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The Obama administration is dismantling a dormant national registry program for some foreign visitors amid worries that the new administration would revive it.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It usually stays dormant until spring but this year it is already several inches high.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 潜伏的，蛰服的，休眠的; 静止的; 资金没有利用的; 权利尚待争取的
分布：休眠的(48%)，静止的(22%)，潜伏的(22%)，睡眠的(4%)，匿名的(4%)
→来自drem，睡觉，休息。引申词义蛰伏。
【记】读：都闷他
【参】dormitory（n 宿舍）；dormouse（n 冬眠鼠；睡鼠）
US ['dɔ:r-] adjective
■describes something that is not active or growing, but which has the ability to be active at a later time 蛰伏的，沉睡的，休眠的
• The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting. 休眠了很久的火山最近出现了要喷发的迹象。
• These investments have remained dormant for several years. 这些投资好几年都没有甚么动静。
lie dormant
■If something lies dormant, it is not active 潜伏，潜藏
• Her talent might have lain dormant had it not been for her aunt's encouragement. 如果不是姑姑鼓励她，她的才能可能现在还不会被挖掘出来。
adj. 休眠的；静止的；睡眠状态的；隐匿的
 - still, resting

Word: Californian
Front: Californian
[ˌkæliˈfɔ:njən] (11488/11704)
Back: n. 加利福尼亚州人
adj. 加州的；加利福尼亚的
分布：加利福尼亚州人(41%)，加州的(33%)，加州人(26%)

Word: birch
Front: birch
[bɜ:tʃ] (11505/12047 -1)
Back: n. 桦树，桦木; （鞭打用的）桦条
vt. （用桦条）抽打，鞭挞
时态：birched, birching, birches
分布：桦树(58%)，桦木(39%)，用桦条抽打(3%)
→来自PIE *bher, 发光，同bright, 明亮的。
【记】bir＝bird鸟，ch吃。鸟在桦树上吃东西。Birch下有一只bitch（n 母狗）
US [bɝ:tʃ] noun
TREE 树
countable
■a tree with a smooth, often white bark (= outer covering) and thin branches 桦树，白桦树
UK [bɜ:tʃ] US [bɝ:tʃ] noun
PUNISHMENT 惩罚
the birch only singular UK
■an official punishment in the past, which involved hitting a person across the bottom with a stick, or the stick itself 鞭笞；用桦木条抽打
n. 桦木；桦树；桦条
 - brich

Word: manpower
Front: manpower
[ˈmænpaʊə(r)] (11494/6110 -1)
Vocabulary: manpower
(once / 1124 pages)
n
Manpower is the total number of people who can work to get something done. How quickly you clean your house after a big party will depend on how much manpower you've got.
The term manpower can mean "labor force," "workforce," "workers," or simply "people," and despite the man, it applies to both men and women. A large ship requires more manpower than a small sailboat, and the amount of manpower required to run Disneyland for a day is estimated to be at least 20,000 employees, most of whom aren't wearing cartoon character costumes.
WORD FAMILY
manpower
USAGE EXAMPLES
He left the manpower agency that month for a fellowship at the Institute of Politics at Harvard.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Boulder police and prosecutors at the time lacked the manpower and skill for such a case, said Boulder County Dist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Among several factors, Baraka and Ambrose credit the drop to an increase in police manpower and partnerships with county and state law enforcement.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 人力; 劳动力; 人力资源; 人手
分布：人力(99%)，主要经营临时帮助)(1%)
→比喻用法。
US [-paʊr] noun uncountable
■the supply of people who are able to work 人力，劳动力
• The industry has suffered from a lack of manpower. 该产业缺乏劳动力。
• manpower shortages 人力短缺
n. 人力；人力资源； [劳经] 劳动力
 - human power, Human Resource HR

Word: disarmament
Front: disarmament
[dɪsˈɑ:məmənt] (11533/10695 -1)
Back: n. 解除武装，裁军; 缴械
分布：裁军(96%)，缴械(4%)
US [-'sɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the act of taking away or giving up weapons
• She said she supported nuclear disarmament. 她说她支持核裁军。
• the disarmament of the militia 民兵解除武装

Word: carnage
Front: carnage
[ˈkɑ:nɪdʒ] (托宝 11499/15158 -1)
Vocabulary: carnage
(once / 2192 pages)
n
Carnage is mass murder. If you have seen news footage of a village after a bomb has been detonated, you probably saw a scene of carnage.
Carnage comes from the Latin carnaticum, meaning "flesh" or "slaughter of animals." Carnage is often used to describe the brutal killing of many people, but can also refer to large numbers of animals that have been butchered.
WORD FAMILY
carnage: carnages
USAGE EXAMPLES
More and more people may conclude that it is the president’s failed, divisive policies that must change if the carnage is to end.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Still, images of the carnage circulated on social media early Sunday.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
But China on Friday cemented a timeline to help reduce the carnage, pledging to close down its domestic ivory market within a year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 大屠杀，残杀
分布：大屠杀(83%)，残杀(17%)
→来自词根carn, 肉，来自PIE *sker, 砍，切，词源同saw, shear. -age, 集合名词后缀。
【记】carn肉。或car车，rnage＝rage愤怒－车愤怒的开－大屠杀
US ['kɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the violent killing of large numbers of people, especially in war （尤指战争中的）大屠杀，残杀
• The Battle of the Somme was a scene of dreadful carnage. 索姆河战役是一片可怕的大屠杀惨象。
n. 大屠杀；残杀；大量绝灭
 - holocaust, bloodbath

Word: microorganism
Front: microorganism
[ˌmaɪkrəʊ'ɔ:gənɪzəm] (托宝 11483/17982)
Back: n. 微生物
分布：微生物(100%)
【记】micro微小，organism生物－微生物
US [-kroʊ'ɔ:r-] noun countable
■a living thing which on its own is too small to be seen without a microscope 微生物
n. [微] 微生物；微小动植物
 - organism, animalcule

Word: stiffness
Front: stiffness
[stɪfnəs] (六 11547/14589)
Back: n. 僵硬; 生硬; 强直; 顽固
分布：僵硬(62%)，硬度(38%)
noun uncountable
NOT RELAXED 拘谨
■the quality of being very formal and not relaxed 生硬，拘谨
• Her initial stiffness began to wear off as we got to know her. 随着我们渐渐了解她，她起初的拘谨也慢慢消失了。
['stɪf.nəs] noun uncountable
FIRM 坚实
■the quality of being firm, hard or unable to bend 坚实；刚硬
• the stiffness of her muscles 她的肌肉扎实。
['stɪf.nəs] noun uncountable
SEVERE 严厉
■the quality of being very severe, strong or difficult 严重；艰难
• Everyone was surprised at the stiffness of the sentence/punishment/penalty/sanctions. 每个人都对判决／惩罚／处罚／制裁之重感到吃惊。
n. 僵硬；坚硬；不自然；顽固
 - hardness, rigidity

Word: farm
Front: farm
[fɑ:m] (中高雅 1258/1167 -K4)
Vocabulary: farm
(once / 57 pages)
1nv 2v
A farm is a plot of land that's used for growing food crops or raising livestock. A dairy farm might have cows and fields of grass for them to eat.
Some farms consist of barns or other buildings, greenhouses, and fields. Small farms often grow a variety of vegetables and raise small numbers of animals such as egg-laying hens and dairy goats. Large farms frequently focus on one crop and operate like factories. To work on a farm is to farm. In the 15th century, to farm was "to rent land," from the Anglo-French ferme, "a lease," from the Latin firmare, "to fix, settle, or strengthen."
WORD FAMILY
farm: farmed, farmer, farming, farms+/ farmer: farmerette, farmers/farmerette: farmerettes/ farming: farmings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many Strain-Japan families straddle their time between working jobs close to St. Louis and tending to family farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are over 1,500 bison in Poland, mostly living freely in state-owned reserves but also on private farms.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The downturn for Nebraska farms and ranches crept into small town main streets across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 农场，农庄; 农家; 畜牧场; 农田
vt. 耕种; 养殖; 承包，包出; 佃出（土地）
vi. 经营农场
时态：farmed, farming, farms
分布：农场(93%)，农田(5%)，务农(2%)
→词源有争议。可能来自拉丁语firma, 固定付款，固定收租。而词义过渡到农场或农庄本身是较新的引申义。更多参照farmer.
n.农场,饲养场v.种田,经营农牧业On the far farm the army's arms are kept warm by a swarm of bees.在远方的农场上,陆军的武器被一群蜜蜂保暖.
US [fɑ:rm] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■an area of land, together with a house and buildings, used for growing crops and/or keeping animals as a business 农场
• a dairy/arable farm 乳牛场／耕作农场
• farm animals 农场的牲畜
• fresh farm produce 新鲜农产品
• farm workers 农场工人
■a place where a particular type of animal is raised in large numbers to be sold 饲养场，养殖场
• a sheep/fish farm 牧羊场／养鱼场
UK [fɑ:m] US [fɑ:rm] verb transitive
■to use land for growing crops and/or raising animals as a business 种植；养殖
• The Stamfords have farmed this land for over a hundred years. 斯坦福德家族已在这片土地上耕作逾100年了。
UK [fɑ:m] US [fɑ:rm] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] farm sth out
■to give work to other people to do 把（工作）包给
• Magazines often farm out articles to freelance journalists. 杂志社常把文章外包给自由撰稿人。
UK [fɑ:m] US [fɑ:rm] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] farm sb out disapproving
■to arrange for another person to look after someone, especially your child 托人照顾（尤指自己的孩子）
• Almost since birth, their baby has been farmed out to nannies and nurseries. 他们的孩子几乎是一出生就交托给保姆和托儿所照顾。
vi. 种田，务农；经营农场
 - follow the plough
n. [农经] 农场；农家； [畜牧] 畜牧场
 - grange, steading
vt. 养殖；耕种；佃出（土地）
 - till, plant crops

Word: calculator
Front: calculator
[ˈkælkjuleɪtə(r)] (四托 11525/8848 -1)
Back: n. 计算器; 计算者; 计算图表
分布：计算器(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a small electronic device which is used for doing calculations 计算机
• a pocket calculator 袖珍计算机
n. [计] 计算器；计算者
 - counter, numerator

Word: lobe
Front: lobe
[ləʊb] (宝 11517/12532 -1)
Back: n. 耳垂; 肺叶; 脑叶; 裂片
分布：耳垂(67%)，裂片(29%)，圆形突出部(4%)
→来自希腊语lobos,耳垂，来自logwos,低垂。后用于指肺叶或脑叶。
【记】读：露吧！圆形的突出物很容易露出来！！！
【区】lope（n /v 大步慢跑）
US [loʊb] noun countable
ORGAN 器官 specialized
■any part of an organ which seems to be separate in some way from the rest, especially one of the parts of the brain, lung or liver （尤指大脑、肺、肝等器官的）叶
• the frontal lobe of the brain 大脑的前叶
UK [ləʊb] US [loʊb] noun countable
EAR 耳朵
■ earlobe
n. （脑、肺等的）叶；裂片；耳垂；波瓣
 - lobus, frondage

Word: damn
Front: damn
[dæm] (研六宝 4414/6565 -2)
Vocabulary: damn
(once / 196 pages)
nadjvadv
Damn is a common, somewhat naughty exclamation. In one sense it means to condemn or send someone to hell, as in "God damn it!" Other times it means "a little amount," as in "I don't give a damn about baseball."
People can give a damn, damn others to hell, and complain about the damn weather. Some religious people believe their sins could damn them to an eternity of torment and hellfire. You should be careful when peppering your speech with damn, as it might offend some ears. But sometimes damn can be used positively, as in "They make the best damn pizza in town!"
WORD FAMILY
damn: damnable, damnation, damnatory, damned, damnedly, damning, damningly, damns+/damnable: damnablest, damnably/ damnation: damnations/damned: damnedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Which is what Gruden is saying all along about the Cardinals, record be damned.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“It’s not presidential when the president calls up the head of a damn air-conditioning company, but it’s so much fun for me.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“They cried every damn take of that scene,” he says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 非常; （表示厌烦）该死; 讨厌; 十足
vt. 诅咒; 谴责，指责; 使…失败; [永世受罚，定罪
vi. 诅咒; 咒骂
n. 一点也不，丝毫
adj. 该死的; （表示厌烦）可恶的
时态：damned, damning, damns
分布：该死(35%)，该死的(25%)，诅咒(10%)，非常(9%)，讨厌(9%)，可恶的(5%)，丝毫(4%)，使失败(1%)，极其(1%)，批评(1%)
→来自拉丁语damnum, 损失，伤害，来自dap, 分配，献祭品。原为宗教名词，献祭，词义引申至损失，伤害，或诅咒，可能体现了古人对神既敬畏又反感的复杂心理。参照电影《诸神之战》。
int.该死v.遣责,指责,下地狱I don't care a damn if you like me or not.我毫不在乎你是否喜欢我.
exclamation (also damn it) (also dammit) informal
■an expression of anger 该死，可恶，真倒楣（表示愤怒或气恼）
• Damn, I've spilt coffee down my blouse! 真倒楣，我把咖啡洒到衬衫上了！
⇒ See also goddamn
[dæm] adverb informal
■used, especially when you are annoyed, to mean 'very' （尤用于生气时）太，很，非常
• He knew damn well how much trouble it would cause. 他非常清楚它会带来多大的麻烦。
• Next time he can damn well do it himself! 下一次他自己去做吧！
• You were damn lucky not to have been killed! 你没送命可真够幸运！
damn all UK informal
■nothing 丝毫没有，甚么都没有
• I know damn all about computers. 我对电脑一窍不通。
[dæm] verb
BLAME 指责
transitive
■to blame or strongly criticize something or someone 谴责，指责
• The inquiry into the disaster damns the company for its lack of safety precautions. 这次灾难的调查报告强烈谴责该公司没有预先采取足够的安全措施。
[dæm] verb
PUNISH 惩罚
transitive usually passive
■(especially of God) to force someone to stay in hell and be punished forever （尤指上帝）惩罚，把（某人）投入地狱
• As a child she was taught that she would be damned for her sins. 她从小就受教导，有了罪过要受到惩罚。
[dæm] verb
damn you/them/it, etc. informal
■used to express anger with someone or something （表示对某人或某事物的愤怒或厌烦）讨厌，该死，可恶
• You got the last ticket - damn you, I wanted that! 你得到了最后一张票——讨厌，我也想要呢！
[dæm] verb
damn sb with faint praise
■to praise someone so slightly that it suggests you do not really admire them 有些口是心非地赞许（某人）；对（某人）明褒实眨
[dæm] adjective [before noun] (also damned) informal
■used to express anger with someone or something 该死的，可恶的，讨厌的
• Damn fool ! 该死的傻瓜！
[dæm] noun
not give/care a damn
■used as a way of saying you do not care about something, especially the annoying things that someone else is doing or saying 随便好了；毫不在乎
• He can think what he likes about me - I don't give a damn! 他对我爱怎么想就怎么想——我才不在乎呢！
vt. 谴责；罚…下地狱
 - condemn, denounce
vi. 谴责
 - accuse of, brush down
n. 一点；诅咒
 - one point, tittle
adj. 可恶的
 - abhorrent, dad-burned
adv. 非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
int. 讨厌
 - dang

Word: even
Front: even
[ˈi:vn] (中高托雅宝 107/113 -K1)
Vocabulary: even
(once / 7 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3adv 4adv 5n
Even means level and flat. When you're planning to build one of your famously elaborate sandcastles on the beach, you probably make sure the sand is even before you start.
Something smooth and regular, like a wall that's prepped for painting, is even. Even also describes a balance like when you give all the kids an even amount of candy, or something that is calm, like a person who has an even temper. In math, an even number is one that can be divided by two without a remainder. The adverb even is used to emphasize something, like when your friend doesn't even see you waving frantically at her.
WORD FAMILY
even: evened, evener, evenest, eveningly, evenly, evenness, evens, uneven +/ uneven: unevenly, unevenness/unevenness: unevennesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“China became quite aware that even in their ‘legal market’ there was tremendous laundering through an illegal system,” Ms. Lieberman said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sadly they are even more popular with Asian mainlanders shopping in the major cities, and the ballot/queue system was in full effect there too.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And some were hoping to see Mars and even Neptune if the skies remained clear.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 甚至; 更加; 即使; 恰巧在…时候
adj. 公平的; 平坦的; 偶数的; 平均的
vt. 使平坦; 使相等
vi. 变平; 成为相等
时态：evened, evening, evens
分布：甚至(74%)，更(21%)，平坦的(1%)，相等的(1%)，使平坦(1%)，偶数的(1%)，相等(1%)
→1.平的，甚至，来自aim, 相似，持平，词源同emulate, imitate. 形容词用修饰副词，参照very, 真实的。
ad.甚至(更)a.均匀的;平的;相等的;偶数的A day goes through daybreak, morning, noon, afternoon, evening and midnight.一天经过拂晓,上午,正午,下午,傍晚和午夜.
adverb
SURPRISE 惊奇
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that something is surprising, unusual, unexpected, or extreme （用来表示令人惊讶、不同寻常、出乎意料或极端的事物）甚至，连，即使
• I don't even know where it is. 我甚至连它在哪里都不知道。
• Everyone I know likes the smell of bacon - even Mike does and he's a vegetarian. 我认识的所有人都喜欢培根的味道——即使麦克也不例外，他可是个素食主义者呀。
• We were all on time - even Chris and he's usually late for everything. 我们都准时到达——就连平时做事一向拖拖拉拉的克利斯都没迟到。
• It's a very difficult job - it might even take a year to finish it. 这是项非常艰巨的工作——甚至可能要花一年时间才能完成。
• "I never cry." "Not even when you hurt yourself really badly?" “我从来不哭。”“就连把自己伤得很严重的时候也不哭吗？”
• Even with a load of electronic gadgetry, you still need some musical ability to write a successful song. 即使你有一大堆精巧的电子装置，要写出一首能走红的歌还是需要一些音乐才能。
even as
■at the same time as 正当，恰好在…的时候
• I tried to reason with him, but even as I started to explain what had happened he stood up to leave. 我试图和他理论，可是我刚一开口解释所发生的事情，他就起身要走。
even if
 ESSENTIAL
■whether or not 即使，纵使
• Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train. 即使乘计程车去，你还是赶不上火车。
even now/then
 IMPROVER
■despite something 尽管这样／那样；虽然情况如此／是那样
• I've thought about it so much, but even now I can't believe how lucky I was to survive the accident. 我一直在不停地想，但尽管如此，我还是无法相信自己怎会如此幸运，竟能在事故中死里逃生。
• I gave Jim very clear instructions, but even then he managed to make a mess of it. 我非常清楚地告诉了吉姆怎么做，但尽管如此，他还是把事情弄得一团糟。
even so
 IMPROVER
■despite what has just been said 即使如此；即使这样
• I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. 我头痛得要命，但尽管如此我还是去了音乐会。
• An immediate interest cut might give a small boost to the economy. Even so, any recovery is likely to be very slow. 立即降低利率或许会对经济小有促进，但即使如此，经济复苏无论如何都将是非常缓慢的。
even though
 ESSENTIAL
■although 即使；虽然
• Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister. 尽管他年仅16岁就辍学了，但最终还是当上了首相。
  Common Learner Errors  even thoughRemember: even though is never written as one word. Don't write 'eventhough', write even though :
✗ Eventhough I had a very nice time, I was glad to come home. Even though I had a very nice time, I was glad to come home.
['i:.vən] adverb
EMPHASIS 强调
 ESSENTIAL
■used to emphasize a comparison （用于强调比较）甚至更，愈加，还
• The next 36 hours will be even colder with snow showers becoming more widespread. 未来36小时，天气将更加寒冷，更大范围地区将出现阵雪。
• Any devaluation of sterling would make it even more difficult to keep inflation low. 英镑任何幅度的贬值都将增加，保持低通膨水准的难度。
['i:.vən] adverb
MORE EXACTLY 更确切地
 IMPROVER
■used when you want to be more exact or detailed about something you have just said （用于引出更准确或更详细的说法）甚至可以说，更确切地说，其实：
• I find some of his habits rather unpleasant, disgusting even. 我觉得他的一些习惯很是令人讨厌，甚至可以说是令人作呕。
• She has always been very kind to me, even generous on occasion. 她对我一直都很好，有时甚至还很慷慨。
['i:.vən] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  evenWarning: check your word order! Even usually goes directly before the main verb in a sentence.
✗ I said 'Hello', but he even didn't look at me. I said 'Hello', but he didn't even look at me. But if the main verb is am/is/are/was or were , even usually goes directly after it:
✗ He even is rude to his parents. He is even rude to his parents.
['i:.vən] adjective
FLAT 平的
 IMPROVER
■flat and smooth, or on the same level 平坦的，平滑的；处于同一平面的
• We resurfaced the floor because it wasn't even. 因为地板不平，我们重新铺了一次。
['i:.vən] adjective
CONTINUOUS 持续的
 ADVANCED
■continuous or regular 平稳的；均匀的；变化不大的
• You should try to work at an even rate instead of taking it easy one day and working flat out the next. 你应该尽量保持平稳的工作速度，而不是一天优哉游哉，第二天就忙得不可开交。
['i:.vən] adjective
EQUAL 相等的
 ADVANCED
■equal or equally balanced 相等的，均等的；均衡的
• Both sides played well - it was a very even contest. 双方打得都很精彩——这是场势均力敌的比赛。
• The weather forecast said that there's an even chance of thunderstorms tonight (= that it is equally likely that there will or will not be storms). 天气预报说今晚发生大雷暴的机率是50%。
■US (UK evens)
■equally likely to happen as to not happen （发生与不发生的）机会相等的；（正反的）可能性参半的
• The chances of her getting the job are about evens. 她获得这份工作的机会约为50%。
■describes a situation where you risk money on something where the risk is equally balanced and which will pay back twice the amount of money that is paid, if it is successful （赌博）输赢机会相等的
• an even bet 同额赌注
• If I were having a bet I'd take even money on United. 要是我下注的话，我就以同额赌注押联队。
['i:.vən] adjective
NUMBER 数位
 ADVANCED
■forming a whole number which can be divided exactly by two 偶数的，双数的
• 6 is an even number and 7 is an odd number. 六是偶数，七是奇数。
['i:.vən] adjective
get even with sb informal
■to do something equally bad to someone who has done something bad to you 跟（某人）算帐；与（某人）扯平
['i:.vən] adjective
on an even keel
■regular and well-balanced and not likely to change suddenly 平稳下来；顺顺当当
• The new manager succeeded in putting the business back on an even keel. 新任经理成功地使公司业务恢复正常。
['i:.vən] verb transitive
■to make two things equal 使相等；使平均；使平衡
• Sheila was awarded a scholarship in Chemistry, and now her brother has evened the score with a scholarship in Economics. 席拉得过化学奖学金，现在她弟弟获得了经济学奖学金，和她旗鼓相当了。
• The whisky industry is campaigning for the taxes on different alcoholic drinks to be evened up. 威士忌酒业界现正在积极争取实施不同酒类按相同标准收税。
['i:.vən] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] even (sth) out ADVANCED
■to become equal, or to make something equal （使）相等；（使）平均
• The university has a system designed to even out the differences between rich and poor colleges. 这所大学设有一项消除贫富学院之间差异的制度。
smooth, level, flat, even
这组词都有“平的，平坦的”的意思，其区别是：
smooth: 侧重指表面十分平滑，无任何粗糙的感觉。引申作圆滑解。
level: 强调没有高低之处，且在同一水平面，可引申指才能相等或与相邻某物平行。
flat: 指光滑平整的表面，但不一定是水平的。
even: 通常指平面上的各点或一条直线的各点处在同一平面或直线上。
adj. [数] 偶数的；平坦的；相等的
 - flat, equivalent, equal, level
adv. 甚至；即使；还；实际上
 - actually, really, too, effectively, yet
vt. 使平坦；使相等
 - equate with
vi. 变平；变得可比较；成为相等
 - flatten out

Word: Georgian
Front: Georgian
['dʒɔː(r)dʒən] (11484/6615 -2)
Back: n. 乔治亚州人；乔治亚人
adj. （英）乔治亚的；英国乔治王朝时代的；乔治王时代艺术风格的
分布：乔治亚的(44%)，乔治亚人(20%)，乔治王时代(17%)，乔治亚州人(13%)，该时代艺术风格的(6%)
US ['dʒɔ:r-] adjective
■belonging to the period when Kings George I, II and III ruled Britain, especially from 1714 to 1811 （尤指从1714至1811年间的）（英王）乔治一世至三世时代的，乔治王朝时期的
• Georgian furniture/architecture 乔治王朝时期的家俱／建筑
UK ['dʒɔ:.dʒən] US ['dʒɔ:r-] adjective noun countable
■Georgian 乔治亚的／乔治亚人

Word: counterproductive
Front: counterproductive
[ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv] (宝 11531/19990)
Back: adj. 反生产的，使达不到预期目标的
分布：适得其反的(43%)，反生产的(34%)，使达不到预期目标的(23%)
【记】counter反，productive（adj 多产的；有成效的）－起反效果的
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■having an effect which is opposite to the one that is intended or wanted 产生相反效果的；产生相反作用的；事与愿违的，适得其反的
• Improved safety measures in cars can be counterproductive as they encourage people to drive faster. 提高车辆安全性的措施可能会适得其反，因为这会激励人们开快车。

Word: two-week

Word: antidote
Front: antidote
[ˈæntidəʊt] (宝 11506/13881 -1)
Vocabulary: antidote
(once / 2132 pages)
n
An antidote is a remedy that relieves. So if you get headaches from long bus rides, it's best to travel equipped with the key pain alleviating antidotes: Tylenol, lots of water and soothing music.
A noun that comes all the way to us from the ancient Greek word antidoton, which means “given as a remedy,” an antidote counteracts or relieves the negative effects of something. You can find antidotes to poison, anxiety, sadness or even a bad day. People tend to think of medicinal cures when they hear the word antidote, but things like meditation, sleep, green tea, exercise or a good hug can all have positive, antidotal affects.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
anecdote / antidote
An anecdote is a funny little story; an antidote counteracts poison. Tell someone an anecdote about your close encounter with a rattlesnake and how the cute park ranger had to get you the antidote for snake venom right away.
An anecdote is a story someone tells about themselves or people they know. It's often short and unreliable. That rattlesnake encounter? Well, maybe you embellished a bit — you saw a rattlesnake, but it didn't bite you. Anecdotes can be true or false; they're revealing little tales:
All the little anecdotes I had heard of him pleased me very much. (Miranda Eliot Swan)
The pages are thick with freaky anecdotes: One patient suffers permanent brain damage after an anesthesiologist causes him to nearly suffocate. (Washington Post)
Mr. Smith offered only anecdotes to back his beliefs. (New York Times)
An antidote cures what ails you. It's an actual counteragent to a poison, like snake venom. It's what you need if your wife tries to kill you, like poor Wang below, or when you just need to turn that frown upside down:
Then he told the physician there was only one way to save Wang's life — an antidote called Prussian Blue.  (Daily Mail.uk)
Forced blossoms are an antidote to the gloomy winter months (Digthedirt.com)
An anecdote is a memoir sound bite, a little story. They're fun, but they don't change your destiny. But antidote, is anti-poison, so dote on situations that require antidotes — your life may be on the line.
WORD FAMILY
antidote: antidotes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consider the following buildings a kind of collective antidote.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Reports say that some pharmaceutical firms buy snake venom from the black market to develop antidotes.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
I laughed a lot and found it a sophisticated antidote to Christmas classics like “Miracle on 34th Street” or “It’s a Wonderful Life.”
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 解药，解毒剂; 矫正方法，对抗手段
分布：解药(49%)，解毒剂(47%)，对抗手段(4%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根dot, 见donate.
解毒药(anti反+dote[=don]→给出反[毒]→解毒药;另一种说法dote=dote药剂[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
解毒药(anti对抗毒)[dot=give(给)]
【记】anti反，dote＝dose药剂－反毒的药－解毒药
【参】overdose（n 配药量过多）
【区】anecdote（n 轶事，奇闻）读：该你逗她了－用奇闻
US [-tˌi.doʊt] noun countable
■a chemical, especially a drug, which limits the effects of a poison 解毒剂；（尤指）解毒药
• Sales of nerve gas antidotes increased dramatically before the war. 在战争爆发前，神经毒气解毒剂销量激增。
■a way of preventing or acting against something bad 矫正方法；缓解办法；对抗手段
• Regular exercise is the best antidote to tiredness and depression. 经常锻炼是消除疲劳和抑郁的最好方法。

Word: purge
Front: purge
[pɜ:dʒ] (托雅宝 11512/11561 -1)
Vocabulary: purge
(once / 901 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v
To purge is to get rid of something or someone, and often it’s done suddenly. Purge rhymes with urge, and when you have a really strong urge to throw stuff away or clean something out, you have an urge to purge.
From the Latin purgare, meaning "purify," purge is used as a verb for removing impure things, whether they're guilty feelings in a person or rotten vegetables in a refrigerator. As a noun, the act of tossing out the too-small clothes in your closet before getting new ones might be called a purge. It can be a very bad act, too, as when individuals have an unhealthy urge to purge or empty their stomachs after eating or when a military group decides to purge a certain ethnic group from a country.
WORD FAMILY
purge: purgation, purgative, purged, purges, purging+/purgation: purgations/purgative: purgatives/purging: purgingly, purgings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A one-time Cabinet candidate, Christie ran Trump’s transition before he and his allies were purged from the operation in the week after Election Day.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Clingman told Chief Public Defender Ben Baur that he could purge the contempt findings by following his statutory duty to represent defendants.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
A management shake-up purged those responsible for a series of past mistakes, and a big bump in spending has not hurt, either.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 清除，（使）净化; （使）通便; 肃清
n. 净化; <医>泻药; 整肃
时态：purged, purging, purges
分布：清除(41%)，净化(26%)，清洗(23%)，泻药(6%)，整肃(4%)
→来自拉丁语purgare,纯化，清洗，使干净，来自purigare,使纯化，来自purus,纯的，词源同pure,-ig,驱动，使，做，词源同agent,litigate.
使清净[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
US [pɝ:dʒ] verb transitive
REMOVE PEOPLE 清除某人
■to get rid of people from an organization because you do not agree with them 清除，肃清（反对者）
• Party leaders have undertaken to purge the party of extremists. 政党领袖已采取行动清除党内的极端分子。
• Hard-liners are expected to be purged from the administration. 主张强硬路线的人预测将从政府中清除出去。
UK [pɜ:dʒ] US [pɝ:dʒ] verb transitive
REMOVE EVIL 清除罪恶
■to make someone or something free of something evil or harmful 使涤罪；使洁净
• [R] Roman Catholics go to confession to purge their souls/themselves (from/of sin). 罗马天主教徒参加忏悔以净化灵魂／涤罪。
• The new state governor has promised to purge the police force of corruption. 新州长已保证要清除警界的腐败现象。
UK [pɜ:dʒ] US [pɝ:dʒ] noun countable
■the act of getting rid of people from an organization because you do not agree with them 清除（从一个组织中清除持不同意见者的行动）
• Between 1934 and 1938, Stalin mounted a massive purge of the Communist Party, the government and the armed forces in the Soviet Union. 1934至1938年间，史达林对苏联的共产党、政府和军队实施大动作清党。
vi. 净化；通便
 - fine purification, purify
vt. 净化； [机] 清洗；通便
 - cleanse, purify
n. 净化；泻药
 - purification, distillation

Word: legitimize
Front: legitimize
[lɪˈdʒɪtəmaɪz] (11516/23138 -1)
Vocabulary: legitimize
(once / 18353 pages)
v
When you legitimize something, you officially approve it, or make it legal. For example, a 1967 Supreme Court case legitimized interracial marriage in the United States.
The verb legitimize is very similar to legalize, although there are some slight differences between the two. When you legalize something, you also legitimize it — it's permitted, or allowed. But when you legitimize something, it doesn't always involve the legal system. For example, your teacher might legitimize open-book tests or your boss could legitimize bringing dogs to work.
WORD FAMILY
legitimize: legitimized, legitimizes, legitimizing+/illegitimacy: illegitimacies/ illegitimate: illegitimacy, illegitimately, illegitimates/ legitimacy: legitimacies/ legitimate: illegitimate, legitimacy, legitimated, legitimately, legitimates, legitimating, legitimation, legitimatise, legitimatize, legitimise, legitimize /legitimatise: legitimatised, legitimatises, legitimatising/legitimatize: legitimatized, legitimatizes, legitimatizing/legitimise: legitimised, legitimises, legitimising
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s all legitimate ad-tech companies legitimizing this,” he said of fringe sites.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“The decree now legitimizes the hard work done by civil society during so many years, with already tangible and relevant results,” Aguirre said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In the same vein, white male supremacist ideologies filtered through legitimizing media and religion animate both anti-abortion and racial terror.
Salon(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 使合法化，宣布合法化; 官方[正式]认可，授予…权力; （对非婚生子）给予合法地位; 证明…有理
时态：legitimized, legitimizing, legitimizes
分布：使合法(68%)，使成为正当(16%)，承认嫡出(16%)
→来自拉丁语legis,法律，词源同legal.
US [-'dʒɪtˌ-] (US legitimate)
verb transitive formal
■to make something legal or acceptable 使…合法；使…合理
• The government fears that talking to terrorists might legitimize their violent actions. 政府担心与恐怖分子谈判可能会使他们的暴力行为得到认可。

Word: juncture
Front: juncture
[ˈdʒʌŋktʃə(r)] (托宝 11501/14985)
Vocabulary: juncture
(once / 1269 pages)
1n 2n
A juncture is a crucial point in time when a decision must be made. At this juncture, a president might say, the government must decide whether to go ahead with war or to try to solve things diplomatically.
A juncture is a joint or connection between two things. Originally used in the physical sense, it has broadened in meaning to refer to an often urgent decision-making crossroads. At some point you and your partner will reach a critical juncture and have to decide whether to get serious or break up. It can also simply mean "point in time." She had never learned how to drive and, at this juncture, she knew she never would.
WORD FAMILY
juncture: junctures
USAGE EXAMPLES
The academy was interconnected with Canadian hoops at that juncture.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The junior senator from Virginia gets that there’s no obvious path to the nomination for him at this juncture.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But they are particularly unwelcome at this juncture for China’s leader, Xi Jinping.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 时刻，关键时刻; 接合点
分布：时刻(51%)，关头(28%)，接合(15%)，连接(6%)
→词源同junction,交叉路口。引申词义关口，关键点。
接合,连接(junct+ure)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
US [-tʃɚ] formal
noun countable
■a particular point in time 时刻；关头
• At this juncture, it is impossible to say whether she will make a full recovery. 此刻无法确定她能否彻底痊愈。
n. [机] 接缝； [计] 连接；接合
 - connection, join, linking, seam

Word: antelope
Front: antelope
[ˈæntɪləʊp] (11524/21778)
Vocabulary: antelope
(once / 1415 pages)
n
An antelope is an animal that resembles a deer, with four legs, hooves, and antlers. Most antelopes live in Africa.
You might see an antelope if you visit a zoo or an exotic game ranch, though their native habitats are the African savannahs or the plains of Asia. Antelopes are fast, with long, slender legs and sleek bodies, and the species includes many different animals, including gazelles. The Greek root of antelope is antholops, a mythical horned creature possibly named for its long eyelashes, from anthos, "flower," and ops, "eye."
WORD FAMILY
antelope: antelopes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many elk, mule deer and antelope in Wyoming wear electronic data collars as researchers study how animals move across the landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the Antelope Valley, temperatures are expected to dip into the mid- to low teens, Sukut said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Antelope grazed in the distance during the signing event at dusk on a Gorongosa plain.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 羚羊; 羚羊皮革
分布：羚羊(96%)，羚羊皮革(4%)
→俗词源：词根anth, 花。词根op, 眼，见optical. 形容该动物花一样的眼睛。
US [-tˌəl.oʊp] (plural antelope or antelopes)
noun countable
■a mammal like a deer with horns and long thin legs which allow it to run very fast 羚羊
• a herd of antelope 一群羚羊
n. [脊椎] 羚羊；羚羊皮革
 - bushbuck, antilope

Word: ration
Front: ration
[ˈræʃn] (托宝 11504/8465 -1)
Vocabulary: ration
(once / 636 pages)
nv
When you ration your supplies, you dole them out a little at a time. A ration is also a wartime military meal, or the portion of food that someone is allowed in times of scarcity.
A ration is the fixed portion of food or other goods allowed to each person in times of shortages. In the military, a soldier’s meal is called a ration, especially if it’s portable. As a verb, to ration something is to allow each person to have only a specific amount. During times of war many things have been rationed: gas, rubber, luxury items, and food. If you are diabetic you need to strictly ration your sugar intake.
WORD FAMILY
ration: rationing, rations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Food rationing grew so severe that Venezuelans spent all day waiting in lines.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She helped feed Jews and get them ration cards.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Despite severe food shortages, they scrounged up extra ration cards and provisions.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 定量; 配给量; 口粮; 合理的量，正常量
vt. 限量供应，配给供应; 给与…一天口粮; 供给（兵士）伙食，限定（粮食等）
时态：rationed, rationing, rations
分布：配给(42%)，定量(36%)，定额(21%)，限量供应(1%)
→来自拉丁语 rationem,思考，计算，部分，其主格形式为 ratio.引申词义定量，配给。
定量(计算出来的量)[ral=calculate,表示"计算"]
【记】源于：ratio（n 比；比率），按比例配给粮食。
noun countable
■a limited amount of something which one person is allowed to have, especially when there is not much of it available （尤指在分配物短缺时的）配给量，定量配给
• During the war, no one was allowed more than their ration of food, clothing and fuel. 战争期间，所有人得到的食物、衣服和燃料都不得超过其配给量。
rations [plural]
■the total amount of food that is given to someone to be eaten during a particular activity and in a particular period of time, especially an amount given to soldiers when they are fighting （尤指发给作战士兵的）口粮配给，口粮定量
■an amount of something that you would expect to have 合理的量；正常量；认为应该得到的量
• We've had more than our ration of problems recently. 最近我们遇到的问题很多，超出我们的能力范围了。
['ræʃ.ən] verb transitive
■to limit the amount of a particular thing that someone is allowed to have 对…实行配给；定量供应；限定…的量
• Do you remember when petrol was rationed to five gallons a week? 你还记得以前每周配给五加仑汽油的时候吗？
• My children would watch television all day long, but I ration it. 要不是我加以限制，孩子们会整天整天地看电视。
['ræʃ.ən] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ration sth out
■to divide something between a group of people so that each person gets a small amount 把（有限的东西）分给；均分（少量的东西）
• Ann rationed out the cake between the children. 安把蛋糕平分给孩子们。
vt. 配给； [经管] 定量供应
 - admeasure, allowance
n. 定量；口粮；配给量
 - quantification, definite quantity

Word: autobiographical
Front: autobiographical
[ˌɔ:təˌbaɪə'ɡræfɪkl] (托 11535/15560 -1)
Back: adj. 自传的，自传体的; 自传作家的
分布：自传的(50%)，自传体的(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
自传的；自传体的
An autobiographical piece of writing relates to events in the life of the person who has written it.
例：...a highly autobiographical novel of a woman's search for identity.关于一位女性寻找自我的自传体色彩浓厚的小说

Word: commando
Front: commando
[kəˈmɑ:ndəʊ] (11443/7438 -1)
Back: n. 突击队，突击队员; [史]（南非布尔战争时代的）义勇队
分布：名词(100%)
→来自南非荷兰语布尔战争用语，词源同command, 命令。
US [-'mæn.doʊ] (plural commandos or commandoes)
noun countable
■(a member of) a small group of soldiers that are specially trained to make attacks on enemy areas which are very dangerous or difficult to attack 突击队（队员）
UK [kə'mɑ:n.dəʊ] US [-'mæn.doʊ] (plural commandos or commandoes)
noun countable
go commando informal
■to not wear any underwear 不穿内衣
n. 突击队，突击队员
 - ranger, stande

Word: smallpox
Front: smallpox
[ˈsmɔ:lpɒks] (11581/16583)
Back: n. 天花; 痘疮; 痘
分布：名词(100%)
US ['smɑ:l.pɑ:ks] noun uncountable
■an extremely infectious disease which causes a fever, spots on the skin and often death 天花
n. [内科] 天花
 - variola

Word: relativity
Front: relativity
[ˌreləˈtɪvəti] (研四六 11500/12846 -1)
Vocabulary: relativity
(once / 6205 pages)
n
Relativity is the word for how things only have importance in relation to other things. In physics, relativity refers to Einstein's theory that time and space are not absolute.
If you believe there are absolute, correct answers to everything, you probably don't like relativity, which is the opposite of absolutism. According to relativity, things aren't good or bad in themselves; they only have significance in relation to other things. In physics, relativity is about how even time and space aren't absolute, objective facts. For example, time partially depends on our perceptions of it: time is relative.
WORD FAMILY
relativity: relativistic, relativities+/interrelate: interrelated, interrelating, interrelation/ interrelated: interrelatedness/interrelation: interrelations, interrelationship/interrelationship: interrelationships/ relate: interrelate, related, relates, relating, relation, relative / related: relatedly, relatedness, unrelated / relation: relational, relations, relationship /relational: relationally/ relationship: relationships/ relative: relatively, relatives, relativise, relativism, relativity, relativize/relativistic: relativistically/relativize: relativizes/ unrelated: unrelatedly, unrelatedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the attempt is successful, the images should help to test general relativity and illuminate black-hole behaviour.
Nature(Dec 21, 2016)
About a century ago, Albert Einstein proposed the existence of ripples in the fabric of space-time - as an outcome of his Theory of General Relativity.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Explaining exactly why special relativity requires antimatter to mirror matter involves a lot of math.
Science Magazine(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. <物>相对论; 相关性; 相对性
分布：相对论(81%)，相对性(19%)
→来自 relative,相关的，-ity,名词后缀。
n.相关(性);相对论
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable specialized
■either of two theories of physics giving the relationship between space, time and energy, especially for two objects moving in different ways 相对论
UK [ˌrel.ə'tɪv.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■the state of being judged in comparison with other things and not by itself 相对性（与其他事物相比较，而并非单独受批判的状态）
n. [相对] 相对论；相关性；相对性
 - relative theory, pertinency

Word: treatise
Front: treatise
[ˈtri:tɪs] (雅宝 11509/12500 -1)
Vocabulary: treatise
(once / 511 pages)
n
Our principal published her fifty-page "Treatise on Gum Chewing" days before she was carted away by men in white coats. Treatises are formal papers that treat a specific subject. Gum chewing shouldn't merit one.
Treatise is related to the verb treat, which means "deal with." A doctor treats a patient. A teacher treats the senator's child with kid gloves. Treatise means a written paper or exposition that deals with or treats a specific subject.
WORD FAMILY
treatise: treatises
USAGE EXAMPLES
His 1543 treatise “On the Jews and Their Lies” calls for the burning of synagogues and Jewish homes.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Philosopher of science Eric Scerri asserts otherwise in this thoughtful treatise on research as evolution, not revolution — collective, piecemeal endeavour rather than heroic act.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Some of these treatises were important turning points in art history; others are nearly forgotten.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 论文; 论述; 专著
分布：论文(70%)，论述(30%)
→treat,对待，处理，-ise,名词后缀。引申词义论文。
论文(treat治疗;研究+ise)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
【记】treat对待，ise－对待一个问题的论文－专题论文
US [-tˌɪs] noun countable
■a formal piece of writing that considers and examines a particular subject 专题论文；专著
• a six-volume treatise on trademark law 一册六卷的商标法专著
n. 论述；论文；专著
 - thesis, dissertation, discourse

Word: saliva
Front: saliva
[səˈlaɪvə] (研托宝 11532/15518 -1)
Back: n. 唾液，口水; 津; 吐沫; 涎
分布：唾液(100%)
→来自拉丁语 saliva,痰，词源不详。可能来自 sal,污垢，污物，脏的，词源同 sallow,脏的， 土黄色的。
【记】Sali三立，va：马三立在说单口相声的时候满嘴喷吐沫－口水
noun uncountable
■the liquid produced in your mouth to keep the mouth wet and to help to prepare food for digestion 唾液，涎，口水
n. [生理] 唾液；涎
 - slabber, sputum

Word: lunchtime
Front: lunchtime
[ˈlʌntʃtaɪm] (11514/5591 -2)
Back: n. 午餐时间; 午休时间
分布：午餐时间(100%)
noun countable or uncountable
■the time in the middle of the day when most people eat a meal 午饭时间
• What are you doing at lunchtime? 吃午饭的时候你在做甚么？
['lʌntʃ.taɪm] noun countable or uncountable
  Common Learner Errors  lunchtime Remember that lunchtime is usually written as one word. Don't write 'lunch time', write lunchtime :
✗ I like to go for a walk at lunch time.
n. 午餐时间
 - lunch hour

Word: clockwise
Front: clockwise
[ˈklɒkwaɪz] (研六托雅 11482/16117 -1)
Back: adj. 顺时针方向的; 右旋的; 正转的
adv. 顺时针方向转动地; 右旋地; 正转地
分布：顺时针方向地(67%)，顺时针方向的(33%)
→clock,钟，-wise,副词后缀。
顺时针地(clock时钟)[-wise表副词"方向,状态"注:有些单词,wise可以换成ways,意义不变,如:]
a.顺时针方向Twist the knob clockwise.按顺时针方向转动旋钮.
US ['klɑ:k-] adjective adverb
■in the direction in which the pointers of a clock move 顺时针方向的（地）
• Turn the knob clockwise/in a clockwise direction. 按顺时针方向转动旋钮。
Opposite UK anti-clockwise or US counterclockwise
adv. 顺时针方向地
 - deasil

Word: labyrinth
Front: labyrinth
[ˈlæbərɪnθ] (托宝 11521/14693 -1)
Vocabulary: labyrinth
(once / 1492 pages)
n
A labyrinth is a structure with many connected paths or passages in which it is hard to find your way. In figurative use, a labyrinth is a complicated situation: our tax code is a labyrinth of rules and regulations.
In Greek mythology, the Labyrinth was the structure built for King Minos of Crete to confine the Minotaur, a monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man. The word maze is a near synonym for labyrinth, and is also used figuratively, as in, "After war broke out, trying to figure out how to get a visa to leave the country was like navigating a maze, a veritable labyrinth of wrong turns and false hope."
WORD FAMILY
labyrinth: labyrinthian, labyrinths
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you see Feminism in that labyrinth of heaven, please say hi to her for me.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
In “The Labyrinth of Solitude,” the Mexican poet Octavio Paz described his country’s revolution as an existential event, liberating and channeling enormous energies of self-discovery.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
When he was able to return home, life was still a labyrinth of complications.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 迷宫; （文字，建筑，事件）错综复杂; 难解的事件
分布：迷宫(99%)，难解的事件(1%)
→来自希腊语labyrinthos,迷宫，原为希腊神话中克立特岛上一座用来关牛妖的宫殿，可能来自labrys,双刃斧，皇权的象征，用来指皇室宫殿。同时由该神话衍生clue.
【记】lab实验室，yr，in里面，th死－在实验室里面死了，因为是迷宫。
【源】原指牛头人身怪弥诺陶洛斯被囚禁的迷宫，弥诺陶洛斯是半人半牛的怪物。它住在克里特岛的迷宫中并吃掉雅典进贡的童男童女直至被忒修斯杀死。
literary
noun countable
■a confusing set of connecting passages or paths in which it is easy to get lost 迷宫；曲径
• Finally, through a labyrinth of corridors she found his office. 穿行过迷宫般的走廊后，她最终找到了他的办公室。
■something which is very confusing 令人迷惑的东西，迷宫一样的东西
• He was no stranger to the labyrinth of love. 他经常为情所困。
n. 迷宫； [解剖] 迷路；难解的事物
 - maze, mavericks

Word: deteriorating
Front: deteriorating
[diˈtiəriəreitɪŋ] (11518/11187)
Back: v. 恶化，变坏( deteriorate的现在分词 )
分布：恶化(88%)，变质(10%)，衰退(2%)
VERB
恶化;变坏;衰退
If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.
例：There are fears that the situation might deteriorate into full-scale war...人们担心形势可能恶化而演变成一场全面战争。
例：The weather conditions are deteriorating...天气变得越来越糟。
v. 退化，恶化（deteriorate的ing形式）
 - exacerbating

Word: troupe
Front: troupe
[tru:p] (研托雅宝 11543/16383 -1)
Back: n. 剧团，戏班子; 一班，一团
vi. 巡回演出
分布：巡回演出(62%)，一班(38%)
→来自法语 troupe,团队，队伍，词源同 troop.引申词义演员团队，表演队伍，表演团。
【记】源于：troop（n 部队）或group（n 团体）
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of performers such as singers or dancers who work and travel together （巡回）剧团，戏班子，表演队
• She joined a dance troupe and travelled all over Europe. 她参加了一个巡回舞蹈团，足迹遍布整个欧洲。
• A troupe of dancers from Beijing is one of the leading attractions in the festival. 来自北京的舞蹈团是艺术节中最有吸引力的部分之一。
n. 剧团；一班；一团
 - gout, wodge
vi. 巡回演出
 - road show

Word: veterinarian
Front: veterinarian
[ˌvetərɪˈneəriən] (雅 11544/42752)
Vocabulary: veterinarian
(once / 10414 pages)
n
A veterinarian is a doctor for animals. When it’s time for your dog to get his shots, you take him to the veterinarian.
A veterinarian is someone who treats, cures, and prevents diseases in animals. If you want to become a veterinarian, start studying hard! Much like a people doctor, a veterinarian must have formal training before practicing — typically 4 years of veterinary medicine coursework after completing an undergraduate degree. The word veterinarian is often shortened to “vet.” You might look at your dog and say, “Time to go to the vet!”
WORD FAMILY
veterinarian: veterinarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s hard to say,” said Dr. Glenn Walquist, the veterinarian who performed Archer’s surgery.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His father, a veterinarian who does his own accounting, even offered to help Kevin with the bookkeeping.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Veterinarians discovered several masses suspected to be cancer.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正>兽医
分布：兽医(100%)
US [-'ner.i-] noun countable US formal for
■ vet
n. [兽医] 兽医
 - veterinary medicine, veterinary surgeon

Word: headphone
Front: headphone
['hedfəʊn] (11538/12954)
Back: n. 戴在头上的收话器，双耳式耳机; 听筒
分布：头戴式收话器(100%)

Word: solo
Front: solo
[ˈsəʊləʊ] (研六托雅宝 5164/5175 -2)
Vocabulary: solo
(once / 800 pages)
nadjadvv
A versatile word, solo means "alone" and can be used as a verb ("I get to solo in band today"), a noun ("She sang a beautiful solo"), or an adjective (I can't wait for my solo flight").
The word solo is often associated with a musical performance, from the Italian derivative from the Latin sōlum, "alone." Until the end of the 17th century, just the Latin form was used, usually in stage directions. Then it entered musical terminology, as sola, in 1695. The adjectival use developed in the 18th century, and in 1864 the form soloist, referring to one who performed a solo, first appeared. It wasn't until the mid-19th century that the word was used as a verb.
WORD FAMILY
solo: soli, soloed, soloing, soloist, solos+/soloist: soloists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike Chopin’s pathbreaking studies for solo piano, Liszt’s Études do not isolate specific technical problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Early on I was influenced by the potential of the guitar as a solo like that.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And solo drivers who bought their way into the HOV lanes by purchasing hybrids will lose their exemption.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 独唱（曲），独奏（曲）; 单飞; 单人表演
adj. 单独的; 独自的; 独唱的; 独奏的
adv. 单独地，独自地
时态：soloed, soloing, solos
分布：独奏(61%)，独唱(27%)，单独的(5%)，单独表演(4%)，单独地(3%)
→来自拉丁语 solo,独奏的，独唱的，来自拉丁语 solus,单独的，词源同 sole.
独奏(唱)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
独唱,独奏(sol独自＋o)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
n.独奏a. & ad.单独的(地);独唱的(地)She sang a solo.她独唱了一支歌.
【反】ensemble（n 合唱曲）
US ['soʊ.loʊ] adjective [before noun] adverb
 ADVANCED
■alone; without other people 独自的（地），单独的（地），单人的（地）
• a solo performance/flight 单人表演／飞行
• to sail/fly solo 独自航行／飞行
• He used to play with a group but now he's going solo/pursuing a solo career. 他以前曾经加入过某个乐队，但如今已单独发展。
UK ['səʊ.ləʊ] US ['soʊ.loʊ] noun countable (plural solos)
 ADVANCED
■a musical performance done by one person alone, or a musical performance in which one person is given special attention 独奏；独唱
• a trumpet solo 小号独奏
• Parker's solo on 'A Night in Tunisia' was so amazing that the pianist backing him simply stopped playing. 派克的独奏《突尼斯之夜》实在是太精彩了，以至于为他伴奏的钢琴手干脆停了下来。
adj. 独奏的；独唱的；单独的
 - alone, independent, isolated, separate, sole
adv. 单独地
 - solely, alone, individually

Word: LCD
Front: LCD
[,el si: 'di:] (10106/27195 -1)
Back: abbr. least common denominator 最小公分母; lowest common denominator 最小公分母; lead cadmium diode 铅镉二极管; liquid crystal diode 液晶二极管
noun countable abbreviation for
■ liquid-crystal display

Word: vigilant
Front: vigilant
[ˈvɪdʒɪlənt] (托雅宝 11523/14346 -1)
Vocabulary: vigilant
(once / 593 pages)
adj
Use vigilant to describe someone who keeps awake and alert in order to avoid danger or problems. When taking the subway, be vigilant about your wallet––always know where it is, or someone might steal it from you.
Vigilant descends from Latin vigilans, from vigilare "to be awake, watch," from vigil "awake, alert." If you stay awake all night, you're keeping watch or keeping a vigil. A vigilante (pronounced vij-uh-LAN-tee) is a person who acts outside the legal system to punish crime.
WORD FAMILY
vigilant: unvigilant, vigilance, vigilanter, vigilantly +/ vigilance: vigilances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are determined to annihilate terrorism and we are able to shorten its age,” he said, calling on security forces and civilians to remain vigilant.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
It said it would continue to rigorously monitor its systems and “remain vigilant.”
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And yet, like many vigilant parents, Wright concedes she’s not always the best role model: “I’m on Facebook far too much.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 警惕的，警觉的; 警戒的; 机警
分布：警惕的(58%)，警戒的(42%)
→来自vigil,警醒，警觉，守夜。
警惕的(vigil[=vig]+ant→有生命的→警惕的)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
【记】vigil（n 守夜；警觉），ant－警觉的读：危机lant，时时刻刻有危机感－警觉的
【反】supine（adj 懒散的）；oblivious（adj 遗忘的）；unalert（adj 不警觉的）；negligible（adj 可忽略的）
adjective
■always being careful to notice things, especially possible danger 警觉的；警戒的；警惕的
• Following the bomb scare at the airport, the staff have been warned to be extra vigilant. 机场的炸弹恐吓事件之后，全体员工都被告诫要格外警惕。
adj. 警惕的；警醒的；注意的；警戒的
 - alert, watchful

Word: reunification
Front: reunification
[ˌri:ˌju:nɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (11561/13202 -1)
Vocabulary: reunification
(once / 11668 pages)
n
Coming back together again after being separated or in conflict is called reunification. This noun is usually used to describe relations between countries, states, or territories.
It's not uncommon that two countries will be allied and then find themselves clashing or even going to war against each other. If they eventually join forces again, it's an example of reunification. In recent history, the merging of East and West Germany back into one single country, in 1990, can be called reunification. Reunification, from the verb unify, comes from the Late Latin unificare, "make one."
WORD FAMILY
reunify: reunification, reunified, reunifies, reunifying+/ disunion: disunions/ reunion: reunify, reunions/ union: disunion, nonunion, reunion, unionise, unionism, unionize, unions/unionise: unionisation, unionised/unionised: nonunionised/unionism: unionist/unionist: unionists/unionize: unionization, unionized, unionizing/unionized: nonunionized
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cited a state law that calls for courts to seek family reunification whenever possible.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He joined the Bundesbank executive board in 1990 and ran it during a critical period following German reunification.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The 1965 immigration act sought to build in preferences for skilled foreign laborers, but the system overwhelmingly favors family reunification.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 重新统一; 重新团结
分布：重新统一(100%)
noun uncountable
■when a country that was temporarily divided into smaller countries is joined together again as one country 重新统一
• the reunification of Germany 德国的重新统一

Word: sufferer
Front: sufferer
[ˈsʌfərə(r)] (11540/4863)
Back: n. 患者; 受苦的人; 受难者
分布：患者(70%)，受害者(21%)，受难者(9%)
→suffer,忍受，遭受，-er,人。引申词义患病者，患者。
US [-ɚ.ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who has or often gets a particular illness 病患
• Almost 50 per cent of cancer sufferers are treated successfully. 大约50%的癌症患者所接受的治疗是奏效的。
• A new drug may give new hope to thousands of hay-fever sufferers. 有种新药可能会给数以千计的花粉热患者带来新希望。
n. 患者；受害者
 - patient

Word: contrasting
Front: contrasting
[kənˈtrɑ:stɪŋ] (11545/8831 -K)
Vocabulary: contrasting
(once / 2137 pages)
adj
When two things appear as opposites, they are contrasting. You might like the contrasting dark and light areas of a painting, with the clash of shades making it more interesting.
A clue to the meaning of contrasting is the prefix contra-, which means "against": when something is contrasting, it's working against something else. The contrasting colors of the fabric create an unexpected sense of movement, even though they should be working against each other. Two people with contrasting opinions, such as a liberal and a conservative, usually won't get along very well. But once in a while, contrasting world views can spark an exciting exchange.
WORD FAMILY
contrasting: contrastingly+/ contrast: contrasted, contrasting, contrastive, contrasts, contrasty/ contrastive: contrastively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He treats the work as a study in shifting colors, emphasizing the contrasting textures of each strophe, from harplike passages to rich orchestral sonorities.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s difficult to fuse such contrasting styles, both for Mr. Marsalis as composer and the Philharmonic musicians.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Six years and contrasting personalities separated Diana Olivarez and her younger brother, Xavier.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. （靠近或作比较时）显出明显的差异，形成对比( contrast的现在分词 ); 对比，对照
分布：对比(93%)，差别(4%)，对照物(2%)，成对照(1%)
US [-'træs.tɪŋ] adjective
■very different 截然不同的；对比的，对照的
• contrasting colours/flavours 对比鲜明的颜色／味道
• the contrasting attitudes of different age-groups 不同年龄组别截然不同的态度

Word: ingenious
Front: ingenious
[ɪnˈdʒi:niəs] (研六托雅宝 11520/9550 -1)
Vocabulary: ingenious
(once / 265 pages)
adj
Something ingenious shows creativity and inventiveness. If someone compares you to Einstein, they're implying that you, too, are ingenious.
Ingenious comes from the Latin words for inborn talent. It started off meaning someone who was talented or incredibly smart, but has come to mean inventive, or clever. If you can solve 146,392 * 27,453 in your head, people might call you a math genius. But if you come up with a way to turn water into fuel, you will be praised as ingenious. Ingenious can also describe thing, like an ingenious device.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
ingenious / ingenuous
Quiz time! Which example uses ingenuous correctly?
YouTube Marketing An Ingenuous Thing: What You Need To Know
Indeed, even an ingenuous child cries out with remorse when caught.
Joe Muench: Ingenuous plan for using those Asarco properties
If you picked the second one, give yourself a gold star. Ingenuous means innocent, artless, simple. It could be a compliment or an insult, but it does not somehow mean clever or creative. Our second example explains that even a innocent child will feel remorse about a thing if he's caught doing it (though, if he's "caught," doesn't that imply wrongdoing?).
The sad, ingenuous path of John Locke has been trumped by the machinations of Betty Draper.
If you refuse to take part in a game of corruption that everyone around you is playing, you're taken for an ingenuous fool.
Both the first and third examples wanted ingenious, meaning something original, creative, inventive. As in:
Caffeinated Marshmallows?! Ingenious!
YouTube marketing might be just thing clever thing to sell your product. And though you might have an innocent way of using those Asarco properties, it's not something worth bragging about. A creative use is another story. So are caffeinated marshmallows. Just don't give them to ingenuous kids.
WORD FAMILY
ingenious: ingeniousest, ingeniously, ingeniousness, ingenuity +/ ingenuity: ingenuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Casebook of Ingenious, Perplexing and Totally Satisfying Puzzles is available from the Guardian Bookshop and other retailers.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“Today’s Doodle shows Macintosh enjoying a Scottish rain shower whilst testing his ingenious invention,” Google said in their tribute.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The research is ingenious and promising, but it also suggests a mastery over nature that may be hard to achieve.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 灵巧的; 精巧的; 设计独特的; 有天才的，聪明的
分布：精巧的(45%)，有独创性的(33%)，机灵的(22%)
→来自拉丁语ingenium,天生的品质，能力，来自in-,进入，使，内在，-gen,生育，出生，词源同gene,engine.即出生就具有的，后引申词义陪明的，灵巧的，精巧的。
聪明的;有创造力的(in内+geni+ous自内心产生→聪明的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
a.机敏的;有独创性的;精致的;精巧制成的An ingenious idea suddenly came upon him.他突然想到了一个绝妙的主意.
【记】in里面，gen产生，ious多－聪明产生于大脑里面－天才
【区】ingenuous（adj 坦白的；直率的）这种人容易掉进U里面而ingenious中的I则＝IQ
【反】prosaic（adj 散文的；平凡的）
adjective
■(of a person) very clever and skilful, or (of a thing) cleverly made or planned and involving new ideas and methods （人）灵巧的；（物品等）制作精巧的；（方法等）巧妙的
• an ingenious idea/method/solution 巧妙的主意／方法／解决办法
• Johnny is so ingenious - he can make the most remarkable sculptures from the most ordinary materials. 强尼真是手巧——他可以用最普通的材料制作出最棒的雕塑。
intelligent, bright, wise, ingenious, brilliant, clever, smart, shrewd
这组词都有“聪明的”的意思，其区别是：
intelligent: 正式用词，指在理解新的、抽象东西或处理解决问题时，智力超过一般常人。
bright: 口语常用词，多指年轻人，尤指小孩思路敏捷，理解力强，机灵等。
wise: 侧重不是一般的聪明伶俐，而是有远见，有智慧，能明智地处理问题。
ingenious: 指思路敏捷，并暗示有创造与发明的才能和技巧。
brilliant: 指人的才华出众，思路敏捷，常令人赞叹不已。
clever: 强调头脑灵活，接受新事物快，有智有谋，但不一定暗示全面妥当地考虑问题。
smart: 普通用词，与bright和clever的意思很相近，但更强调机灵。
shrewd: 指精明老练，有头脑，善于判断，把握有利机会。
adj. 有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的
 - prepared, clever

Word: totalitarian
Front: totalitarian
[təʊˌtæləˈteəriən] (宝 11541/15499 -1)
Vocabulary: totalitarian
(once / 5467 pages)
adjn
You can decipher the meaning of totalitarian by the first part: "total." It refers to a government with total power, one that exercises complete, even oppressive control over the people and their activities. (You can also figure it’s not nice.)
The word totalitarian first came about in 1926 as totalitario, an adjective to describe the Italian fascism of that time. The English form was adapted from the Italian to describe an absolutely powerful regime. Socialist leader Norman Thomas once said: "To us Americans much has been given; of us much is required. With all our faults and mistakes, it is our strength in support of the freedom our forefathers loved which has saved mankind from subjection to totalitarian power."
WORD FAMILY
totalitarian: totalitarianism, totalitarians+/ totalitarianism: totalitarianisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Mr. Mekas, the tenor of 2016 carried echoes of his early years, when he experienced both displacement and the rise of totalitarian regimes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Rather than abolish Christmas, other totalitarians chose to co-opt the season.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
For so long we thought Big Brother was an all-seeing totalitarian dictator.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 极权主义的
n. 极权主义者; 极权主义
分布：极权主义的(67%)，极权主义者(33%)
→total,全部的，-itarian,缩写自 authoritarian,极权主义者。
极权主义的(人)(total全部,全部权力归一身)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
【记】total全部，itarian：政治权威具有全部权利－极权主义的
US [toʊˌtæl.ə'ter.i-] disapproving
adjective
■of or being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freely to oppose them 极权主义的
• a totalitarian regime/state 极权主义政权／国家

Word: nickname
Front: nickname
[ˈnɪkneɪm] (研六托 6090/8467 -2)
Vocabulary: nickname
(once / 906 pages)
nv
Your special, fond name for your cousin is a nickname. If his name is Steven, his nickname might be Steve — or it might very well be "Stinky" or "Junior."
Nicknames can be shortened forms of first names or surnames; affectionate pet names; or names that tease or ridicule their recipient. If your name is David, but your friends call you "Dave," that's your nickname. If your sweetheart calls you "Honey," that's also a nickname. And if your coworkers call you "Skinny," there's your third nickname. Before the fifteenth century, the word was ekename, "an additional name," from the Old English eaca, "an increase."
WORD FAMILY
nickname: nicknamed, nicknames, nicknaming
USAGE EXAMPLES
Revis’s effectiveness was encapsulated by his nickname, Revis Island, which referred to his ability to guard receivers one on one.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Similarly in Senegal, a child who is named after a grandfather tends to bear the grandfather's nickname as well.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
His nickname at court was "the white ermine" - explaining the animal's presence in her arms.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 绰号; 诨名; 昵称
vt. 给…起绰号; 用诨名[爱称]称呼; 叫错名字
时态：nicknamed, nicknaming, nicknames
分布：昵称(60%)，绰号(39%)，给 ... 取绰号(1%)
→错分裂词，来自an eke name,额外的名字，eke,增加，词源同augment.
n.绰号,浑名vt.给...起绰号The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an informal name for someone or something, especially a name which you are called by your friends or family, usually based on your proper name or your character 外号；绰号；诨名
• We always use the nickname Beth for our daughter Elizabeth. 我们总是把女儿伊利莎白匿称为“贝丝”。
• "Darwin" was the nickname he was given at high school, because of his interest in science. 他上高中的时候外号叫“达尔文”，因为他对科学很感兴趣。
n. 绰号；昵称
 - sobriquet, agname

Word: sushi
Front: sushi
[ˈsu:ʃi] (11537/38712)
Back: n. <日>寿司，生鱼片冷饭团
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■a type of Japanese food consisting of squares or balls of cold boiled rice, with small pieces of other food, especially raw fish on top 寿司（一种日本食物）

Word: contagious
Front: contagious
[kənˈteɪdʒəs] (托宝 11527/15314 -1)
Vocabulary: contagious
(once / 1778 pages)
adj
You should probably postpone dinner if your date's cold is contagious — that means it's easily spread and likely to get you sick.
Contagious actually evolved from contagio, the Latin phrase for “contact." Those smart ancient Romans — they figured out that the sick and contagious can pass on their plague to those they touch or get close to. So the word contagious usually sends people running. But let’s not forget that a smile or good deed can be just as infectious as a cough!
WORD FAMILY
contagious: contagiously, noncontagious+/ contagion: contagions, contagious
USAGE EXAMPLES
My 14-year-old son develops a highly contagious skin infection, leaving him looking like a bit-part player in a cheap zombie movie.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Behavior was most contagious in tight-knit networks — both the academically helpful behaviors of Alberto’s friends and the distracting behaviors of Latasha’s friends spread easily.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 有传染性的; 传染病的; 有感染力的; 会蔓延的
分布：传染性的(78%)，感染性的(22%)
→来自contact,接触。
传染的(con+tag+ious)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
传染的(con共同+tag接触+ious)[-ious表形容词"…的"]
【参】contiguous（邻近的）
【反】incommunicable（不能传达的）
adjective
■describes a disease that can be caught by touching someone with the disease or a piece of infected clothing （疾病）接触性传染的
• The infection is highly contagious, so don't let anyone else use your towel. 这种传染病极易传染，所以不要让别人用你的毛巾。
■describes someone who has a contagious disease （人）患传染病的，带传染源的
• Keep him off school till he stops being contagious. 在他不再传染前，别让他上学了。
■A contagious feeling spreads quickly among people （情感）具有感染力的，蔓延的
• Fear is contagious. 恐惧是会传染的。

Word: Baltic
Front: Baltic
['bɔːltɪk] (11602/19583)
Back: n. 波罗的海
adj. 波罗的海的
分布：波罗的海的(67%)，波罗的语的(33%)
→词源不确定，可能同belt, 指波罗的海像一根圆带子围绕着周围的陆地。
adjective
■Baltic 波罗的海的

Word: constant
Front: constant
[ˈkɒnstənt] (高研四六托雅宝 2386/1915 -K4)
Vocabulary: constant
(once / 63 pages)
adjn
Think of something or someone that does not change as constant. A classmate's constant drumming on the table with his fingers could be a constant source of annoyance.
Constant derives from Latin verb meaning "to stand with," so something constant is continually standing with you and not wavering. You may be thankful for the constant companionship of your dog but not necessarily for your teacher's constant homework assignments. In math and science, a constant is a number that is fixed and known, unlike a variable which changes with the context. That idea crosses over to real life. If a friend is a constant in your life, that means they have always been with you and there for you.
WORD FAMILY
constant: constancy, constantly, constants, inconstant +/ constancy: constancies/ inconstancy: inconstancies/ inconstant: inconstancy, inconstanter, inconstantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Being in constant pain is no way to run a re-election campaign,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It seemed his first duty was keeping a constant smile, even as he battled through what is now his third bout with cancer, Long said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Healthy living is a lifestyle change that requires constant effort.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的
n. [数]常数，常量; 不变的事物; 永恒值
分布：常数(68%)，不变的(22%)，恒量(6%)，经常的(4%)
→con-, 强调。-st, 站，词源同stand.
不变的;稳定的(con始终+stant→始终站着→不变的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
a.固定的,持续的,忠实的n.常数,恒量For instance, I can instantly know the constant distance.例如,我可以即刻知道该恒定距离.
【记】con全部，stant站－我们在痛苦的军训过程中站军姿的时候－不变的
【参】constantly（adv 不变地；经常地；坚持不懈地＝frequently）
【反】mercurial（adj 水星的；活泼善变的；水银的）；intermittent（adj 间歇的；断断续续的）
US ['kɑ:nt-] adjective
FREQUENT 频繁的
 IMPROVER
■happening a lot or all the time 经常发生的；连续发生的；连续不断的
• He's in constant trouble with the police. 他与警方麻烦不断。
• machines that are in constant use 经常使用的机器
UK ['kɒnt.stənt] US ['kɑ:nt-] adjective
STAYING SAME 保持不变的
■staying the same, or not getting less or more 恒久不变的；稳定的
• We've kept up a fairly constant speed. 我们保持了比较平稳的速度。
• The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature. 冰箱在恒温下保存食物。
UK ['kɒnt.stənt] US ['kɑ:nt-] adjective
LOYAL 忠实的
■describes a companion or friend who is loyal to you （伴侣或朋友）忠实的，忠贞不渝的，始终如一的
UK ['kɒnt.stənt] US ['kɑ:nt-] noun countable specialized
■a particular number or amount that never changes 常数；常量，恒量
continuous, continual, constant, consistent
continuous: 不断延伸的，连续不断的，强调中间无间断。如：Everything in the universe undergoes continuous development and change.
continual: 频频的，不停的，时断时续，中间可有间歇。如：Continual smoking is bad for health.
constant: 不断的，表示持续和惯常的重现，往往没有变化。如：He attributes his health to his constant exercise.
consistent: 一致的，符合的。如：His action is always consistent with his words.
continuous, constant, continual, incessant
这组词都有“不断的，不停的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。
 • Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.   我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant: a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。
 • Everything in the universe is in constant motion.   宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
continual: a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
 • That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.   那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。
incessant: a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。
 • Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.   持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。
loyal, constant, faithful, true
这组词都有“忠实的”的意思，其区别是：
loyal: 一般指对祖国、领袖的忠诚或对事业、原则、誓言的忠实，不动摇。
constant: 侧重指思想状态的稳定或信念的坚定，也指爱情或感情等的忠贞不渝。
faithful: 多指对人对事或对诺言、誓言的始终不渝，侧重在任何情况下都绝不改变。
true: 侧重个人感情上的忠实和不动摇。
constant, continual, consist, frequent
constant: 恒久不变的
continual: 多次重复的，不间断的
consist: 由…组成
frequent: 日常的，频繁的
continuous, constant, continual, persistent, successive
这组词都有“连续的”的意思，其区别是：
continuous: 语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
constant: 多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
continual: 强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
persistent: 普通用词，可指不懈的努力，也可指任何连续不断或重复出现的事物。
successive: 强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
adj. 不变的；恒定的；经常的
 - permanent, steady
n. [数] 常数；恒量
 - invariable

Word: replay
Front: replay
[ˈri:pleɪ] (11529/9256 -2)
Vocabulary: replay
(once / 3540 pages)
vn
When you replay something, you play it again, whether it's a soccer match or a blues tune on your guitar. You can even replay, or repeat, a happy event over and over again in your mind.
If you take a video of your kitten playing with a ball of yarn, you can replay it any time you need a little cheering up. And in some sports, teams will replay a game that ends in a tie or is cancelled because of bad weather. This sports meaning is actually the oldest on record for replay, from an 1862 description of a curling match.
WORD FAMILY
replay: replayed, replaying, replays+/interplay: interplays/misplay: misplayed, misplaying, misplays/overplay: overplayed, overplaying, overplays/ play: counterplay, foreplay, interplay, misplay, overplay, playable, played, player, playful, playing, playlet, plays, replay, underplay/playable: unplayable/ player: players/ playful: playfully, playfulness, unplayful/ playfulness: playfulnesses/playing: playings/playlet: playlets/underplay: underplayed, underplaying, underplays/unplayful: unplayfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
N.F.L. installs replay policy that mandates official review of every gain of more than 2 yards.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I think not but the replay was inconclusive.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Every Christmas season the two Hallmark Channels release or replay a familiar holiday script.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 重播，重放
v. 重演，重新举行
时态：replayed, replaying, replays
分布：重播(35%)，重放(29%)，重赛(22%)，重演(12%)，重新比赛(2%)
→re-,再，重新，play,演奏。
verb transitive
COMPETITION 比赛
■to play a game, especially a football game, again that neither team won the first time （尤指足球比赛因没有决出胜负）重新举行
[ˌri:'pleɪ] verb transitive
RECORDING 录音／录影
■to play something again, especially music or film recorded already （尤指音乐录音或电影录影）重播，重放
• The police replayed the video of the robbery in court. 员警在法庭上重放了抢劫过程发生时的监控录影。
vt. [电视] [广播] 重放；重演；重新比赛
 - re-act
n. 重赛； [电视] 重播；重演
 - re-run

Word: thematic
Front: thematic
[θɪˈmætɪk] (宝 11588/10807)
Vocabulary: thematic
(once / 15865 pages)
1adj 2adj
When you visit a museum and the cat paintings are grouped together in one room, and the fruit paintings in another, you could conclude that the curator favors a thematic arrangement, meaning grouped by topic, rather than chronologically or by artist.
Thematic relationships are everywhere. You could apply a thematic arrangement to your closet, putting the 1970s disco-wear in one section and your motorcycle gear in another. When you're studying the works of Charles Dickens, finding the thematic similarities across all the novels helps you remember them more easily. That song your garage band has been working on has a thematic development, too, starting with a line of melody, changing it a little, taking it in a different direction, then returning to the theme.
WORD FAMILY
thematic: thematically, unthematic+/ theme: thematic, themed, themes, theming
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a simple statement, but one that sums up a thematic trend in Hollywood right now.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The thematic point is still murky, but the piece sort of works as a celebration of female power and solidarity.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Sports enjoys thematic support from the government, which is big on hosting international events like the Olympics and promoting sports like soccer.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 词干的; 题目的; 主题的; 论题的
分布：主题的(100%)
→来自 theme,主题，题目，-atic,形容词后缀。
US [θi:'mæ-] adjective
■relating to or based on subjects or a theme 主题的；议题的
• In her study, the author has adopted a thematic rather than a chronological approach to the French Revolution. 作者采用了按主题而非按时间顺序的方法研究法国大革命。

Word: enlighten
Front: enlighten
[ɪnˈlaɪtn] (研六托雅宝 11536/13682 -1)
Vocabulary: enlighten
(once / 362 pages)
v
To enlighten someone means to explain something clearly to him. If your friend is behaving strangely but insists she has a reason for it, you could ask her to enlighten you.
Enlighten comes from the metaphor that ignorance is a state of being "in the dark," and that knowledge is illuminating. We use enlighten as a verb meaning to clear up, to remove confusion. Light is also a powerful metaphor for spiritual insight. If you have a great revelation about the divinity of the world, you could say you have been enlightened. The era known as the "Age of Reason" is also called the Enlightenment.
WORD FAMILY
enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens+/ enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/ lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In it, he called himself Joseph Lumbroso — Joseph the Enlightened.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But don’t assume this is simply a clash between the ignorant and the enlightened.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
At the age of fifty-seven, Sisi replaced a seventy-six-year-old general, and the appointment seemed to reflect a transition to a younger, more enlightened officer corps.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 启发，启蒙; 开导，教导; 〈古〉照耀
时态：enlightened, enlightening, enlightens
分布：启发(72%)，开导(19%)，教导(9%)
启发,开导(en+ligh光＋en→给人光明→启发)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
v.启发,启蒙,教导The enlightened man highlighted his mighty insight into the fright.开明的人强调他的强大的对惊悸了解.
【记】en进入，light光亮－启发
【参】enlightening（adj 有启发作用的；使人领悟的）
US [-tˌən] verb intransitive or transitive
■to provide someone with information and understanding; to explain the true facts about something to someone 启发，启迪；开导；阐明
• Should the function of children's television be to entertain or to enlighten? 儿童电视节目的作用应该是娱乐还是启蒙？
• I don't understand this. Could you enlighten me? 这个我不懂。你能帮我解释一下吗？
vt. 启发，启蒙；教导，开导；照耀
 - suggest, channel, wise

Word: intertwine
Front: intertwine
[ˌɪntəˈtwaɪn] (宝 11522/18518 -1)
Vocabulary: intertwine
(once / 4398 pages)
v
Things that intertwine are twisted or mixed together. You have to intertwine yarn to make a scarf.
When things intertwine, they're all mixed up together — it's hard to separate them. To make any type of clothing, threads have to be intertwined. Rope is made of smaller fibers that intertwine. Related jobs—like a writer and an editor—intertwine too, because they are so closely related. You can say people are intertwined if they're close to each other, as family or friends. Getting intertwined could be a metaphor for getting married; the threads of your lives are getting tangled together.
WORD FAMILY
intertwine: intertwined, intertwines, intertwining+/ entwine: entwined, entwines, entwining/ twine: entwine, intertwine, twined, twiner, twines, twining, untwine/twiner: twiners/untwine: untwined, untwines, untwining
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is time that we erased these disparities, particularly for patients with life-threatening illnesses, for whom dental care and medical care are intertwined.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The book, a collection of intertwined stories, served as prequel and sequel to the original novel.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 缠结在一起; 使缠结
vi. 纠缠; 编结
时态：intertwined, intertwining, intertwines
分布：纠缠(46%)，缠绕(41%)，编结(13%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，twine,缠绕，词源同two.
编织起来(inter在中间+twine→互相编织在一起)[tuine=twine,表示"编织"]
【记】inter中间，twine（n 合股线v 搓；编饰）－在中间编织－纠缠
【参】interweave（v 使交织；使混杂）
US [-tˌɚ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to twist or be twisted together, or to be connected so as to be difficult to separate （使）缠结，（使）缠绕在一起；（使）紧密关联
• The town's prosperity is inextricably intertwined with the fortunes of the factory. 这座城镇的繁荣与这家工厂的兴盛有着密不可分的联系。
• The trees' branches intertwined to form a dark roof over the path. 树枝在小路上方交错成荫。
vi. 纠缠；编结
 - ply with, keep at
vt. 缠绕；纠缠
 - wind, pursue

Word: inspirational
Front: inspirational
[ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃənl] (11528/15248 -1)
Vocabulary: inspirational
(once / 7269 pages)
adj
Anything inspirational lifts up your spirits. Inspirational words make people feel happier, more capable, and more like they can accomplish their goals.
Have you ever seen a proverb on someone's desk or refrigerator that they use to cheer themselves up? That's probably an inspirational quote. A lot of religious language is inspirational, and many actions can be inspirational as well. When someone climbs Mount Everest, that's inspirational because it inspires other people to do great or difficult things. When times are tough, people seek out things that are inspirational.
WORD FAMILY
inspirational: inspirationally+/ inspiration: inspirational, inspirations/ inspire: inspiration, inspiratory, inspired, inspirer, inspires, inspiring / inspired: inspiredly, uninspired/inspirer: inspirers/ inspiring: inspiringly, uninspiring/uninspiring: uninspiringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When I’m asked for my favourite inspirational scene, I nominate Tom Courtenay’s final, miserable act of defiance in The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Wong was unofficially promoted to the rank of inspirational sketch artist.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Our 100 Women season showcases inspirational stories about 100 influential and inspirational women around the world .
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 给予灵感的，带有灵感的; 鼓舞人心的
分布：鼓舞人心的(74%)，给予灵感的(15%)，带有灵感的(11%)
adjective
■making you feel hopeful or encouraged 鼓舞人心的
• He gave an inspirational reading of his own poems. 他朗读了自己写的诗歌，让人很受鼓舞。
adj. 鼓舞人心的；带有灵感的，给予灵感的
 - heartening, stimulatory

Word: bike
Front: bike
[baɪk] (中 2163/3241 -3)
Vocabulary: bike
(once / 950 pages)
nv
A bike is a pedal-powered two-wheeled vehicle. If you don't have time to walk to work, you might decide to ride your bike instead.
Bike is shorthand for a bicycle or a motorbike. A bike enthusiast might keep a bike rack on her car and a bike helmet in her trunk at all times. Bike is also a verb, so you could say: "I'll bike over to the movie theater — meet you there in fifteen minutes!" This word, as a nickname for bicycle, first appeared in American English in 1882. It came to mean "motorcycle" about 50 years later.
WORD FAMILY
bike: biked, bikes, biking
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was back on his bike within a few weeks, and running on a treadmill before long.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Years ago, I decided to move within walking or biking distance of my employer because I realized that Metro trains were not reliable.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 自行车; 摩托车; 电动自行车
vi. 骑自行车
na. “motorbicycle”的变体
时态：biked, biking, bikes
分布：自行车(79%)，骑自行车(13%)，脚踏车(5%)，摩托车(3%)
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■a bicycle 脚踏车，单车，自行车
• It would be better for the environment if more people used bikes rather than cars. 如果更多的人踏脚踏车，而不是开汽车，将会对环境更有益。
• My youngest child is learning to ride a bike. 我最小的孩子正在学骑脚踏车。
 IMPROVER informal
■a motorcycle 摩托车
[baɪk] noun countable
On yer bike! UK slang
■a rude way of telling someone to go away 走开！滚开！
• "Can you lend me some money?" "On yer bike, mate!" “你能借我一点钱吗？”“你这家伙，走开！”
[baɪk] verb
intransitive informal
■to go somewhere by bicycle 骑脚踏车去
• Should we bike to the park, or walk? 我们骑脚踏车去公园，还是走路去？
transitive
■to use a motorcycle to take something to someone 骑摩托车运送…
• We biked a copy over to Greg at the BBC. 我们骑着摩托车，给英国广播公司的葛列格送了一份文件。
n. 自行车；脚踏车
 - cycle, bicycle
vi. 骑自行车（或摩托车）
 - cycle

Word: surfer
Front: surfer
[ˈsɜ:fə(r)] (11560/17748)
Back: n. 冲浪运动员
分布：冲浪者(100%)
→surf,冲浪，-er,人。
US ['sɝ:.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who rides on a wave on a special board 冲浪者
⇒ See also windsurfer

Word: birthplace
Front: birthplace
[ˈbɜ:θpleɪs] (高 11526/11609 -1)
Back: n. 诞生地，出生地
分布：出生地(59%)，发源地(41%)
US ['bɝ:θ-] noun countable usually singular
■the house, town, etc. where a person was born 出生地
n. 出生地
 - country of birth, born city

Word: stewardship
Front: stewardship
[ˈstju:ədʃɪp] (11555/15294)
Vocabulary: stewardship
(once / 5826 pages)
n
Stewardship means the management or care of something, particularly the kind that works. If your company is making money, there’s probably been careful stewardship — or, a lot of luck.
The sphere or responsibility of a steward (as in a manager or administrator), stewardship is often used to mean "the care, handling and management of resources." Your school requires stewardship to make sure its supplies aren’t stretched. Your clean water may be thanks to the stewardship of an environmental office. Though there is a steward on a ship to handle food and supplies, the ship in stewardship is not a seagoing vessel; it's just a suffix.
WORD FAMILY
stewardship: stewardships+/ steward: stewards, stewardship
USAGE EXAMPLES
But whatever you think of his stewardship of the nation, he deserves our thanks.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products must establish a convenient, state-approved collection plan for unwanted prescription drugs, either on their own or through a stewardship organization.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The team dropped two places in his stewardship, into the relegation zone.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 管事人之职位及职责; 管理工作
分布：管理员、服务员等的职位和职责(100%)
→steward,管家，监工，-ship,名词后缀。
US ['stu:.ɚd-] noun uncountable
■Someone's stewardship of something is the way in which that person controls or organizes it 管理方法；组织方式
• The company has been very successful while it has been under the stewardship of Mr White. 这家公司在怀特先生的管理下，营业状况非常好。
n. 管理工作；管事人的职位及职责
 - staffwork, handling operation

Word: lemonade
Front: lemonade
[ˌleməˈneɪd] (中高 11562/15571 -1)
Back: n. 柠檬汽水; 一杯（或一瓶）柠檬饮料
分布：柠檬水(100%)
→来自lemon,柠檬。
柠檬水(lemon柠檬)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED UK
■a cold sweet fizzy (= with bubbles) drink with a lemon flavour 柠檬汽水
mainly US
■a drink made with the juice of lemons, water and sugar 柠檬水
n. 柠檬水
 - lemon squash

Word: exploit
Front: exploit
[ɪkˈsplɔɪt] (高研四六托雅宝 4374/3034 -3)
Vocabulary: exploit
(once / 324 pages)
1v 2n
An exploit is a heroic act or notable deed. The King Arthur legends are full of stories of the exploits of the Knights of the Round Table, including Sir Lancelot and King Arthur himself.
This noun is from Middle English expleit, exploit "outcome," from Latin explicitus "unfolded, set forth." The verb exploit means to use someone or something, usually selfishly or for profit––workers who are tired of being exploited by factory owners form unions that allow them to stand together as a powerful force.
WORD FAMILY
exploit: exploitation, exploitative, exploitatory, exploited, exploiter, exploiting, exploitive, exploits, overexploit+/ exploitation: exploitations/exploitative: exploitatively/ exploited: unexploited/ exploiter: exploiters/overexploit: overexploitation, overexploited, overexploiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to his football exploits, Kaaya was tapped into Miami's “Iron Arrow” honor society earlier this year.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
President Putin will continue to exploit signs of weakness or western disunity.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The danger to the new country, Hamilton argued, wasn’t ideological disputes, but the possibility that an unprincipled man would exploit public passions.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 开采; 开拓; 利用（…为自己谋利）; 剥削
n. 功绩; 功劳; 勋绩
时态：exploited, exploiting, exploits
分布：利用(52%)，开发(28%)，剥削(10%)，开拓(6%)，功绩(3%)，英勇行为(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-ploit, 卷，词源同imply, implicate. 即展开，结果，功绩。后在19世纪初由于法国空想社会主义者，尤其是圣西门用该词指剥削，压榨，使得这一词义广泛传播。
v.开拓;开发;剥削n.功绩[勋];业绩After an explosion the explorer restored the storage of the explosive in the exploiter's storehouse.爆炸过后勘探者恢复了剥削者的仓库里炸药的储量.
【记】explore（v 探险；探究）是为了exploit
【参】exploitation（n 开发；剥削；宣传广告）
verb transitive /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/
USE WELL 有效地用
 ADVANCED
■to use something for advantage 利用；开发；发挥
• We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible. 我们要确保尽可能充分利用资源。
verb transitive /ɪkˈsplɔɪt/
USE UNFAIRLY 不正当地利用
 ADVANCED
■to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage （出于私利）利用；剥削
• Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees. 法律规定禁止公司剥削其员工。
noun countable usually plural /ˈek.splɔɪt/
■something unusual, brave or funny that someone has done 不寻常的行为；英勇的行为；奇遇
• She was telling me about her exploits while travelling around Africa. 她跟我讲述了在非洲各地旅游时的奇遇。
apply, use, avail, utilize, exploit, employ
这组词都有“使用，应用”的意思，其区别是：
apply: 指将一事物运用于另一事物之上以发挥其有效作用。
use: 普通用词，着重为达到某一目的而利用某人或某物。
avail: 通常指使用手边或就近的人或物以有利于自己。
utilize: 侧重有利可图或能达到某一实际目的。书面用词。
exploit: 强调充分利用。
employ: 指使用处于消极状态或未被用过的人或物，可以与use换用，但强调进行选择、充分利用。
vt. 开发，开拓；剥削；开采
 - develop, mine
n. 勋绩；功绩
 - merit, feat

Word: sporadic
Front: sporadic
[spəˈrædɪk] (托雅宝 11539/11284 -1)
Vocabulary: sporadic
(once / 3373 pages)
adj
Sporadic is an adjective that you can use to refer to something that happens or appears often, but not constantly or regularly. The mail carrier comes every day but the plumber's visits are sporadic––he comes as needed.
A specialized use of sporadic is to describe a disease that appears only occasionally in random cases, and is therefore not an epidemic. English borrowed the word sporadic from Greek sporadikós "scattered." A very near synonym is intermittent.
WORD FAMILY
sporadic: sporadically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the hurdles: the sporadic nature of outbreaks and funding shortages.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The highway there is beset by fighting and sporadic insurgent checkpoints.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Peace negotiations between the government and Kurdish militants collapsed in 2015, triggering nearly a year and a half of sporadic violence.
Time(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 不定时发生的，时有时无的; 零星的，分散的; 哩哩啦啦
分布：零星的(89%)，不定时发生的(11%)
→来自 spore,孢子，-adic,形容词后缀。即孢子状的，引申词义间发性的，断断续续的等。
【记】spor＝sper发散，散发，adic：发散的－不定期的
【反】chronic（adj 长期持续的）；regular（adj 规则的；定期的）；frequent（adj 时常发生的）
adjective
■happening sometimes; not regular or continuous 偶尔发生的；阵发性的；断断续续的
• sporadic gunfire 零星的炮火
• a sporadic electricity supply 不稳定的电力供应
• More than 100 people have been killed this year in sporadic outbursts of ethnic violence. 今年有超过100人在零星爆发的种族暴力中丧生。
adj. 零星的；分散的；不定时发生的
 - scattered, dispersive

Word: squid
Front: squid
[skwɪd] (高 11582/16736 -1)
Back: n. 乌贼，墨鱼; 鱿鱼
分布：鱿鱼(100%)
→来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。模仿乌贼喷射墨汁的吧唧声。
[skwɪd] (plural squid)
noun countable or uncountable
■a sea animal with a long body and ten arms situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten as food 枪乌贼；（食用的）鱿鱼
n. 鱿鱼； [无脊椎] 乌贼；枪乌贼
 - sleeve-fish, calamari

Word: unconditional
Front: unconditional
[ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənl] (高雅 11570/10278 -2)
Vocabulary: unconditional
(once / 2240 pages)
adj
Whether it’s love, support, or surrender, if something’s unconditional it’s absolute and not subject to any special terms or conditions: it’ll happen no matter what else happens.
Breaking apart the word unconditional can help you remember its meaning. Combine the prefix un-, meaning “not,” with conditional, meaning "dependent on something else," and you get an adjective for something that holds true without any conditions attached. The unconditional forgiveness you promised your brother means you forgive him no matter what. You’re not attaching any requirements — like you’ll only forgive him if he’s nicer to you or pays you money. You just forgive him — it's absolute.
WORD FAMILY
unconditional: unconditionally+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/ precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freedom of movement as an unconditional right in the EU will end.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Meanwhile, there are holidays to celebrate with raves, orgies and unconditional support.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Canadian officials on Monday called for their unconditional release.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 无条件的，绝对的; 无限制的; 无保留的
分布：无条件的(89%)，绝对的(8%)，无限制的(3%)
无条件的(un+conditional有条件的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
adjective
■complete and not limited in any way 无条件的，无限制的
• the unconditional love that one has for one's child 对自己孩子毫无保留的爱
• unconditional surrender 无条件投降
• We demand the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners. 我们要求立即无条件释放所有的政治犯。
adj. [数] 无条件的；绝对的；无限制的
 - strict, absolute, positive, unlimited

Word: victorious
Front: victorious
[vɪkˈtɔ:riəs] (四六托 11574/11407 -1)
Vocabulary: victorious
(once / 520 pages)
adj
When you're victorious, you've won something. A victorious team is triumphant.
Every year, one team in the Super Bowl is victorious, the winner. A victorious team or person has achieved victory, won the game, and defeated the other side. People can be victorious by winning elections, contests, games, and just about anything competitive. People who overcome diseases such as alcoholism are victorious, as are countries that win wars.
WORD FAMILY
victorious: victoriously+/ victory: victories, victorious
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Spartans entered the game victorious in nine of its last 11 outings.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Children flash the “V’ for victory signs to soldiers and yell “Mansoureen,” or “may you be victorious,” as they drive by in their Humvees.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Was he victorious? No,” Mr. Walton said, referring to Mr. Brezenoff.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 胜利的; 得胜的; 凯
分布：胜利的(73%)，得胜的(27%)
US [-'tɔ:r.i-] adjective
■having won a game, competition, election, war, etc. 胜利，获胜；成功
• The victorious team were loudly cheered by their fans. 获胜队赢得了球迷们的高声欢呼。
• The German player emerged victorious after a long five-hour match. 经过长达五小时的比赛，德国选手最终胜出。
adj. 胜利的；凯旋的
 - winning, triumphal

Word: outcry
Front: outcry
[ˈaʊtkraɪ] (六托雅 11550/11445 -1)
Vocabulary: outcry
(once / 1167 pages)
nv
An outcry is an outburst or shout — either by one person, or by a group of people. Faced with the outcry of three kids under the age of ten, a frustrated babysitter may give in, letting them stay up past bedtime.
When a teacher promises his class a pizza party at the end of the week, he can expect an outcry if the pizzas don't show up on Friday. This kind of outcry is a form of protest, a group of angry or passionate people raising their voices together. The older, fourteenth century meaning of outcry is simply "crying out." The "public protest" meaning was first used around 1910.
WORD FAMILY
outcry: outcried, outcries, outcrying
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is an outcry for data about the havoc wreaked in Yemen by Saudi bombing.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The White House sparked a bipartisan outcry Friday by refusing to veto a U.N.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The outcry against the change forced the company to reconsider.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 高声叫喊，尖叫; 公开反对，强烈抗议; 拍卖，叫卖
时态：outcried, outcrying, outcries
分布：强烈抗议(92%)，拍卖(4%)，大声喊叫(4%)
noun countable
■a strong expression of anger and disapproval about something, made by a group of people or by the public 呐喊；大声疾呼；强烈抗议
• The release from prison of two of the terrorists has provoked a public outcry. 释放两名恐怖分子激起了公众的强烈抗议。
n. 强烈抗议；大声疾呼；尖叫；倒彩
 - big bird

Word: hazy
Front: hazy
[ˈheɪzi] (托 11578/13800)
Vocabulary: hazy
(once / 1566 pages)
adj
If it's hazy, it's definitely not clear — there's fog, mist, smoke or something like that blurring the view.
Hazy usually describes a sky that's fogged over or otherwise unclear. But if you're feeling a little uncertain or unsure about something, with only a bleary outline in your mind, you could say you're a bit hazy on the details.
WORD FAMILY
hazy: hazier, haziest, hazily, haziness+/ haze: hazed, hazes, hazing, hazy
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the day is hazy, McKim finds every misty color at play in both his foregrounds and vanishing points.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
An album of dream-like sounds — guitars and electronics blur into one — and hazy snapshots.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Only late in the campaign did some names surface; even then their roles were hazy.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 有薄雾的; 模糊的，朦胧的; 不清楚的; 糊涂的
级别：hazier, haziest
分布：朦胧的(60%)，模糊的(40%)
→词源不详，可能来自德语hase,野兔，灰白色的兔子，因野兔在中世纪德国民间神话中通常笼罩着一层神秘色彩，后用于指海上薄雾。进一步来自kas,灰白色，词源同hare.恰好与薄雾的微白色相吻合。
adjective
WEATHER 天气
■describes air or weather that is not clear, especially because of heat 雾蒙蒙的，空气不清晰的（尤指热天）
• hazy sunshine 雾蒙蒙的日光
• the hazy days of summer 雾蒙蒙的夏日
['heɪ.zi] adjective
MEMORY 记忆
■not remembering things clearly （记忆）朦胧的，模糊不清的
• hazy memories of childhood 对童年朦胧的记忆
adj. 朦胧的；模糊的；有薄雾的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: blockade
Front: blockade
[blɒˈkeɪd] (宝 11548/10492 -2)
Vocabulary: blockade
(once / 790 pages)
nv
A blockade is an obstacle that stands between you and something you're trying to reach. After a robbery, police might set up a blockade around the neighborhood to catch the thief.
Anything that impedes or halts progress is a blockade. If you join the military, you might find yourself building a blockade to confine your enemies and isolate them from the outside world. If you think of the root of this word, block, then you've pretty much got the meaning right there. If you don't want your little sister to disturb the house of cards you're building in my room, you can take lots of pillows and make a fort to use as a blockade to keep her from wandering in and knocking everything over.
WORD FAMILY
blockade: blockaded, blockades, blockading
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the police removed a blockade to the escalator exactly on schedule, applause erupted from the crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Doctors Without Borders used to provide rabies vaccines, but that stopped because of the blockade.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But among the runners, the molecular blockade was much less effective.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
Back: n. 封锁; 封锁部队; 障碍物，阻碍物
vt. 实行封锁; 阻塞，挡住
时态：blockaded, blockading, blockades
分布：封锁(97%)，挡住(2%)，阻碍物(1%)
封锁(block挡住)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】block（vt 防碍，阻塞）－封锁
US [blɑ:'keɪd] noun countable
■when a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out 封锁
• an air and sea blockade 空中及海上封锁
• The Soviet blockade of Berlin was lifted in May 1949. 苏联对柏林的封锁于1949年5月解除。
• There is still some hope that the economic blockade will work and make military intervention unnecessary. 经济封锁仍有望发挥作用，这样就不必采取军事干预。
vt. 封锁
 - blank off, close off
n. 阻塞
 - jam-up, snarl-up

Word: swan
Front: swan
[swɒn] (研四六 11579/6666 -1)
Back: n. 天鹅; 诗人，歌手
vi. 游荡; 闲逛; 随意旅行
时态：swanned, swanning, swans
分布：天鹅(98%)，游荡(1%)，闲荡(1%)
→来自古英语 swan,天鹅，来自 Proto-Germanic*swanaz,天鹅，歌者，来自 swen,唱歌，发 出声音，词源同 sound.可能是因为传说中天鹅在临死之前会发出美妙的歌声而得名。
n.天鹅vi.闲荡,游荡The wandering band abandoned her bandaged husband on Swan Island.流浪的乐队把她那位打着绷带的丈夫遗弃在天鹅岛上.
US [swɑ:n] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large usually white bird with a long neck that lives on rivers and lakes 天鹅
• We watched the swans glide by. 我们看到天鹅轻快地飞过。
UK [swɒn] US [swɑ:n] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-nn-) UK informal disapproving
■to travel, move or behave in a relaxed way for pleasure and without worrying that others may feel annoyed 漫游，游走，闲逛，悠闲地走动
• She swanned into the room, carrying a glass of wine, taking no notice of the fact that she'd kept us all waiting for hours. 她拿着一杯葡萄酒悠然走进房间，丝毫没有注意到我们已经等了她好几个小时。
• He's been swanning around the States (= travelling and not doing any work) all summer. 整个夏天他都在美国四处闲晃。
n. [鸟] 天鹅；天鹅星座
 - KONT
vi. 游荡，闲荡
 - moon, louse around

Word: supremacy
Front: supremacy
[su:ˈpreməsi] (托宝 11573/9889 -1)
Vocabulary: supremacy
(once / 685 pages)
n
Supremacy is the state of having the ultimate authority. A ruling king has supremacy over his kingdom.
When one group dominates another, it has supremacy. One country's army might have military supremacy over another, or your favorite baseball team might gain supremacy in the third game of the World Series, meaning it has power over the other team in the series. Supremacy comes from the Latin word supremus, which means highest.
WORD FAMILY
supremacy: supremacies, supremacism, supremacist, suprematism+/supremacist: supremacists/suprematism: suprematist/suprematist: suprematists/ supreme: supremacy, supremely, supremest
USAGE EXAMPLES
An Old Firm afternoon which started so promisingly for Rangers concluded with the latest indication of Celtic’s domestic supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Pepe became a self-perpetuating whirlwind, as, goaded by media reports, trolls created new images adorned with symbols of antisemitism and white supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Pop music by itself will never displace the essential work white people need to do to dismantle global white supremacy.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 至高无上; 最高权力; 最高地位; 霸权
分布：至高(66%)，主权(30%)，最高权力或地位(4%)
→supreme,至高无上，-acy,名词后缀。
至高无上(supreme崇高的)[-acy表名词"→性质,状态"]
noun uncountable
HIGHEST 最高
■the leading or controlling position 最高地位，至高无上
• The company has begun to challenge the supremacy of the current leading manufacturers in the textiles industry. 这家公司已开始挑战目前纺织业内几大龙头厂商的统治地位。
• The allies have established air supremacy (= military control of the sky). 盟军已经掌握了制空权。
[su:'prem.ə.si] noun uncountable
GREATEST 最好
■when someone or something is the best 最好，最佳
• a struggle for supremacy 追求最好的努力
• This victory clearly proves the supremacy of the West Indies in world cricket. 这场胜利清楚表明西印度群岛队是世界上最好的板球队。
n. 霸权；至高无上；主权；最高地位
 - sovereignty, hegemony

Word: pore
Front: pore
[pɔ:(r)] (六托雅宝 11559/8140 -1)
Vocabulary: pore
(once / 703 pages)
1n 2v
That trickle of sweat didn't just miraculously appear — it was secreted out of a pore, a really tiny opening on the surface of your skin.
When used as a noun, pore means any tiny hole or opening that allows the passage of liquid. In humans, pores are the little holes that bring us such pleasures as armpit sweat and, when clogged, pimples. But when used as a verb, to pore means to concentrate your attention on or devote hours of focus to something: like poring over the overwhelming choices in the antiperspirant aisle.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pore / pour
A pore is small opening in a surface that lets stuff through. To pour, on the other hand, means to flow continuously and rapidly.
A pore is a little hole in a surface that lets gases, liquids, and microscopic elements through. The surface might be your skin (think of all those clogged pores suffered through in teen years) or something else, like a filter:
With the sweat starting from every pore he essayed a few more steps, stumbled, and in clumsily catching his balance, his hat fell off. (James Beardsley)
Solid bodies are not absolutely so, all undoubtedly containing pores, or spaces void of matter. (Thomas P. Jones)
As a verb, to pore is used with through or over and means that you are absorbed in the study of something or that you are reading something intensely. For example:
He spent more than 10 hours on the manuscript, poring over the details and asking faculty members for advice. (Nature)
Meanwhile, players pore over Polaroid photographs during breaks or wait as officials measure out first downs using sticks attached to chains. (New York Times)
On the other hand, to pour is to flow, like when you pour yourself a glass of water while it pours down rain.Usually an inanimate object is poured, but people can pour, too:
The donations began pouring in on Thursday, many of them delivered electronically and accompanied by politically tinged comments. (New York Times)
Within seconds, other heavily armed cops are pouring out the car, guns drawn, to surround the now disabled jet. (Time)
So her group and others are pouring energy into training mounted riders to fend off wolves. (New York Times)
After you pore over the difference between these words, pour yourself a glass of lemonade and say, "This one's for U!"
WORD FAMILY
pore: pored, pores, poring, porous +/ porosity: porosities/ porous: nonporous, porosity, porousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
While she and Harriet played, the grandfather, with other reading material banned, sat in a corner rocking chair poring over the children’s books.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Poring over the books was a little like bellying up to the oyster bar with the two writers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
They pored over forensic evidence and GPS data as they sought to retrace the steps of the runaway attacker.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 毛孔; 气孔; 细孔
vi. 细看; 钻研; 凝视
时态：pored, poring, pores
分布：毛孔(44%)，小孔(18%)，钻研(16%)，沉思(12%)，熟读(10%)
→来自拉丁语porus,孔隙，来自希腊语poros,孔隙，门孔，通道，来自per,向前，通过，词源同forth,port.引申词义毛孔。pore 凝视，注视
US [pɔ:r] noun countable
■a very small hole in the skin of people or other animals, or a similar hole on the surface of plants or rocks 毛孔；气孔；小孔
• Sweat passes through the pores and cools the body down. 汗水从毛孔中排出以降低体温。
• Pimples form when pores become blocked with dirt. 污物堵塞毛孔就会长粉刺。
UK [pɔ:r] US [pɔ:r] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pore over sth
■to look at and study something, usually a book or document, carefully 仔细阅读，研读（通常指书或档）
• She spends her evenings poring over textbooks. 她每天晚上都在研读课本。
• He pored over the letter searching for clues about the writer. 他仔细阅读那封信，寻找能确定写信人的蛛丝马迹。
vi. 细想；凝视；熟读
 - consider, stare at
n. [陶瓷] 气孔；小孔
 - stomates, stigmata

Word: rebirth
Front: rebirth
[ˌri:ˈbɜ:θ] (11503/15186 -1)
Vocabulary: rebirth
(once / 5467 pages)
n
A rebirth can be a literal reincarnation — being born for a second time in a new body — and it can also mean a brand new beginning, like the rebirth of swing dancing in the 21st century.
If you're convinced that after your goldfish died, it was born again in the form of a crow, you believe in rebirth. Many religious traditions include the concept of rebirth. Even if you're not sure about reincarnation, you might describe a renewal or revival this way: "She's hoping for a rebirth of film photography," or "The money from his dad resulted in the rebirth of his business."
WORD FAMILY
rebirth: rebirths+/birth: birthed, birthing, births, rebirth /birthing: birthings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The studying paid off with a rebirth that coincided with Pittsburgh’s sprint to the AFC North title.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The celebration of the rebirth of the sun became the celebration of the birth of the son.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
From suffering through a decade of product delays, missed opportunities and lackluster stock performance, Microsoft found a rebirth of sorts through cloud computing.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 再生; 复兴; 轮回
分布：再生(45%)，新生(28%)，复兴(27%)
→re-,再，重新，birth,出生。
US [-'bɝ:θ] noun [S or U]
■a new period of growth of something or an increase in popularity of something that was popular in the past 再生；复活；复兴
• English drama has enjoyed a rebirth since the 1950s with writers like John Osborne, Harold Pinter and Tom Stoppard. 自从20世纪50年代以来，随着约翰．奥斯本、哈罗德．品特和汤姆．斯托帕德等剧作家的涌现，英国戏剧复兴了。
n. 再生；复兴
 - reconstruction, regeneration, breeding, renewal

Word: pat
Front: pat
[pæt] (研四六 4539/3881 -2)
Vocabulary: pat
(once / 265 pages)
1vn 2adjadv 3adj
When you pat, you tap lightly with your hand. A sad friend might be comforted by a kind pat on the shoulder. But that sad friend would not be comforted by a pat, insincere, comment.
Your grandfather might pat you on the head just like when you were little, even though you're taller than he is now. Dogs like getting a pat on the head, or maybe a pat of butter from the dinner table. When it's an adjective, pat means "way too simple" or "glib," as in "I asked a serious question — please don't give me a pat answer." To "have something down pat" is to know it by heart.
WORD FAMILY
pat: pated, patly, patness, pats, patted, patting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pat MacDowell, 70, who travels the country in an RV, stopped by to buy tickets for four of her grandchildren.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s on your watch now,’” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s on your watch now,'” recalled GOP Rep. Pat Tiberi, chairman of a pivotal health subcommittee.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 轻拍，爱抚; 拍成，拍至
n. 轻拍; 轻拍某物发出的声音; 小团，小块
adj. 恰好的，适当的; 熟练的; 过于巧合的，人为的; 快活的，活泼的
vt. 表扬，称赞（某人/自己）
时态：patted, patting, pats
分布：轻拍(60%)，轻打(15%)，拍打(11%)，小块(10%)，抚摸(4%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿轻拍的声音。引申词义鼓励，表扬。
v./n.轻拍,轻打,抚摸On the flat platform the bat will pat whatever hat it likes.在平坦的站台上,蝙蝠会拍打它喜欢的任何帽子.
verb transitive (-tt-)
 ADVANCED
■to touch someone or something gently and usually repeatedly with the hand flat 轻拍，轻打
• He patted my head/patted me on the head affectionately. 他慈爱地拍了拍我的头。
• I bent down to pat the little puppy. 我弯腰拍了拍那只小狗。
[pæt] verb transitive (-tt-)
pat sb on the back
■to praise someone for doing something good 称赞，赞扬（某人）
[pæt] noun countable
TOUCH 触摸
■when you pat a person or animal 轻拍，轻打
• I gave the little boy a pat on the head. 我轻轻地拍了拍小男孩的头。
[pæt] noun countable
PIECE 一块
■a small flat piece, especially of butter （尤指牛油）小块
[pæt] noun countable
a pat on the back
■praise 称赞，赞扬
• I got a pat on the back from (= was praised by) my boss. 我得到了老板的称赞。
[pæt] adjective usually disapproving
■describes an answer or remark that someone has previously prepared, so that they say it quickly and without any real thought （回答或说话）预先准备好的，脱口而出的
• The minister came out with a pat answer/response. 那位部长作出了一个预先准备好的答覆。
[pæt] adjective usually disapproving
have/know sth off pat UK (US have/know sth down pat)
■to know something so well that you can say or do it without having to try or think 对…滚瓜烂熟，对…了若指掌
• I'd given the talk so many times I had it off pat. 这个讲座我讲的次数太多了，都滚瓜烂熟了。
pat, knock, rap, tap
这组词都有“敲、击”的意思，其区别是：
pat: 指用手轻拍以示同情、赞同或爱抚。
knock: 指用拳头或其它器械猛敲或猛打；也指用手轻敲某物。
rap: 指用手指或木棒等快速地轻敲或急拍。
tap: 多指慢慢地连续地轻击或轻拍。
adj. 恰好的；熟练的；合适的
 - experienced, applicable, skilled, becoming, shaped
adv. 恰好；熟记地
 - just, spot
n. 轻拍；小块；轻拍声
 - tablet, nubble
vt. 轻拍
 - chuck
vi. 轻拍
 - tap

Word: procurement
Front: procurement
[prəˈkjʊəmənt] (宝 11565/12894)
Vocabulary: procurement
(once / 6018 pages)
n
Procurement is the act of getting something you need. Save it for when you need to sound serious, like if you're in the military.
Procurement is the noun form of the verb procure which means "to acquire," but procurement often has military connotations, such as: "The procurement of the weapons for the war is vital." It also means acquiring something that was extra hard to get, and you can use it when you want to sound formal: "I will work on the procurement of some more lemonade for all of us." Sound extra fancy by quoting the British poet John Dryden from way back in 1717: "They think it done/ By her procurement."
WORD FAMILY
procurement: procurements+/procurable: unprocurable/ procure: procurable, procural, procurance, procured, procurement, procurer, procures, procuring/procurer: procurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Drabkin, the former senior procurement officer at the GSA, thinks for this reason alone, the president-elect should give up the hotel.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Congress combined several agencies into what is now the General Services Administration, which reduced paperwork and federal procurement costs.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
It also aims to ease rules restricting defense procurement across borders, improve industry standards and adapt policies like the EU’s space program to security priorities.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 获得，取得; 采购
分布：采购(95%)，获得(4%)，促成(1%)
→来自procure,费力取得，获得，-ment,名词后缀。后引申词义军用物质的采购，购买，因军事装备或武器购买通常比较难，即使有钱别人也未必卖。
获得(procure+ment)[cur=care,表示"关心"]
US [-'kjʊr-] formal
noun uncountable
■the process of getting supplies 采购
• a substantial budget for the procurement of military supplies 用于采购军需品的巨额预算
n. 采购；获得，取得
 - purchasing, acquisition, getting, taking, winning

Word: rooster
Front: rooster
[ˈru:stə(r)] (高六托 11564/35410)
Vocabulary: rooster
(once / 2651 pages)
n
A rooster is a male chicken. If your cute baby chick grows up to crow loudly first thing every morning, he's probably a rooster.
The word rooster is an American invention, inspired by the rooster's habit of roosting, or standing up on a perch while sleeping or while on the lookout for danger. In the UK, a rooster is more likely to be called a cock or cockerel. In a flock of birds, the rooster's job is to defend the chickens and their nests from predators and other roosters.
WORD FAMILY
rooster: roosters+/ roost: roosted, rooster, roosting, roosts
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Chinese culture, this will be the year of the rooster.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
As the Year of the Rooster approaches in China, a 23-foot-tall statue of one was installed in the northern Chinese city of Taiyuan.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
They appeared on a giant rooster statue, just above some three-toed feet and a blood-red wattle that hangs below a gilded nose and mouth.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 公鸡; [美]狂妄自负的人，好斗者
分布：公鸡(88%)，狂妄自负的人(8%)，雄禽(4%)
→来自 roost,栖息，-er,表物。后用于委婉语代指 cock,公鸡，因该词赋予了过多的粗俗俚语义。
US [-stɚ] noun countable US for cock (BIRD)
n. [禽] 公鸡；狂妄自负的人
 - coq, chanticleer

Word: spaceship
Front: spaceship
[ˈspeɪsʃɪp] (高研四六托 11577/16374)
Back: n. （尤指小说中的）宇宙飞船
分布：宇宙飞船(100%)
n.宇宙飞船The spaceship orbited the moon.宇宙飞船绕月球运行.
noun countable
■(especially in stories) a vehicle used for travel in space （尤指小说中的）太空船
n. [航] 宇宙飞船
 - aerospacecraft

Word: plop
Front: plop
[plɒp] (11571/24295)
Vocabulary: plop
(once / 11588 pages)
vnadv
To plop is to drop something (or yourself) with a short sound. The sound itself is also a plop — like something landing in water without much of a splash.
The sound of a plop is abrupt and hollow — you could also call it a plunk or a or a plonk. You might plop an ice cube in your glass of water, or watch a flock of bird plop themselves on the surface of a pond. Plop is imitative or onomatopoeic (it sounds like its meaning), and it first appeared in the 1820s after the brief popularity of the alternative word plap.
WORD FAMILY
plop: plopped, plopping, plops
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plopping down on the couch, she started cutting it into small pieces.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
His parents plopped him in front of a television set, showed him “Hoosiers” and spent the next two hours separating fact from fiction.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Then Titi Mary showed just how much yellow batter to plop onto the leaf and added a spoonful of meat filling.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 扑通声，啪嗒声
vi. 扑通地坠落
时态：plopped, plopping, plops
分布：扑通声(100%)
→拟声词，模仿物体落水的声音。
US [plɑ:p] noun only singular informal
■a soft sound like that of something solid dropping lightly into a liquid （物体落水的）扑通声，咚
• The stone fell into the water with a plop. 那颗石子咚的一声掉进了水里。
UK [plɒp] US [plɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
PUT DOWN 放下
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to sit down or land heavily or without taking care, or to put something down without taking care 重重地坐下；随便地放下
• He came and plopped down next to me. 他走过来，在我旁边重重坐下。
• Lynn plopped a paper cup down beside her. 琳恩把一个纸杯随手放在她身边。
UK [plɒp] US [plɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
SOUND 声音
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to fall with a soft sound 咚地落下
• I noticed drops of water plopping onto the carpet. 我注意到水正滴滴答答往地毯上滴。
n. 扑通声；掉下的声音
 - plump
vi. 扑通落下
 - flop
adv. 扑通一声地；突然地；出其不意
 - suddenly, sharp

Word: ligament
Front: ligament
[ˈlɪgəmənt] (11569/15505 -1)
Vocabulary: ligament
(once / 3006 pages)
n
A ligament is the tissue that connects two bones to form a joint. It's tough and fibrous, which means that when it tears, a ligament can take quite a while to heal and might even require surgery.
Ligament comes from the Latin ligare meaning "to bind, tie," which is precisely what a ligament does. Ligaments only connect bones to bones. Ligaments allow for range of motion. Think of how your knee or elbow is able to move up and down like a hinge. That's thanks to the ligaments connecting the bones to form knee and elbow joints. Over time, ligaments gradually stretch. If you've ever met someone who is "double-jointed" that means their ligaments are extra elastic, which lets them stretch more than the average person.
WORD FAMILY
ligament: ligaments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Marshall was inactive Sunday against Buffalo with a hip injury but played through a sprained knee ligament and sprained foot for most of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She separated her left shoulder and tore several ligaments that were repaired with surgery.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the Fiesta Bowl, he tore knee ligaments and dropped to a second-round selection by the Dallas Cowboys.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [解]韧带; 纽带
分布：韧带(95%)，纽带(4%)，结带(1%)
→来自拉丁语ligare,绑定，连结，词源同liable,oblige.引申词义韧带。
韧带;纽带[lig=bind(捆绑)]
noun countable
■any of the strong strips of tissue in the body that connect bones together, limiting movements in joints (= places where two bones are connected) and supporting muscles and other tissue 韧带
n. 韧带；纽带，系带
 - tache, retinaculum

Word: conveniently
Front: conveniently
[kən'vi:njəntlɪ] (11553/7606)
Back: adv. 方便地，便利地，合宜地; 顺便; 随手; 信手
分布：合宜地(67%)，方便地(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
方便的;便利的
If a way of doing something is convenient, it is easy, or very useful or suitable for a particular purpose.
例：...a flexible and convenient way of paying for business expenses...灵活而方便的业务费用支付方式
例：The family thought it was more convenient to eat in the kitchen.这家人认为在厨房吃饭更方便。
ADJ-GRADED
附近的;方便到达的;近便的
If you describe a place as convenient, you are pleased because it is near to where you are, or because you can reach another place from there quickly and easily.
例：The town is well placed for easy access to London and convenient for Heathrow Airport...这座城市地理位置优越，到伦敦和希思罗机场都很方便。
例：Martin drove along until he found a convenient parking place.马丁一直往前开，直到找到了一个方便的停车场。
ADJ-GRADED
(时间)方便的，合适的，合宜的
A convenient time to do something, for example to meet someone, is a time when you are free to do it or would like to do it.
例：She will try to arrange a mutually convenient time and place for an interview...她会尽力安排一个双方都方便的时间和地点进行面试。
例：Would this evening be convenient for you?今天晚上你方便吗？
ADJ-GRADED
(态度、行为等)方便的，省力的，省事的
If you describe someone's attitudes or actions as convenient, you think they are only adopting those attitudes or performing those actions in order to avoid something difficult or unpleasant.
例：We cannot make this minority a convenient excuse to turn our backs...我们不能拿少数这几个人作为一种方便的借口而对此置之不理。
例：...a convenient scapegoat...随手抓来的替罪羊
adv. 便利地；合宜地
 - expediently, eligibly

Word: composting
Front: composting
['kɒmpɒstɪŋ] (11610/-)
Back: n. 堆制肥料
v. 混合肥料，堆肥( compost的现在分词 )
分布：堆制肥料(75%)，动词compost的现在分词形式.(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
堆肥;混合肥料
Compost is a mixture of decayed plants and vegetable waste which is added to the soil to help plants grow.
例：...a small compost heap.一小堆堆肥
N-MASS
(在花盆中栽培用的)特制土
Compost is specially treated soil that you buy and use to grow seeds and plants in pots.
VERB
把…制成堆肥
To compost things such as unwanted bits of plants means to make them into compost.
例：Cut down and compost spent cucumbers, tomatoes and other crops...将已收获过的黄瓜、西红柿和其他作物的秧蔓割下，制成堆肥。
例：All garden waste should be composted and returned to the garden.应该把花园里所有枯萎的花草制成堆肥，然后再用它们给花园施肥。

Word: dashboard
Front: dashboard
[ˈdæʃbɔ:d] (11591/15643 -1)
Back: n. 仪表板; 仪表的控制盘; 挡泥板; 仪表盘
分布：名词(100%)
→来自dash和board的组合词，原指马车的刷泥板，现指汽车的仪表板。
US [-bɔ:rd/ (mainly US dash) (UK old-fashioned fascia)
noun countable
■the part of a car which contains some of the controls used for driving and the devices for measuring speed and distance （汽车的）仪表板

Word: budget
Front: budget
[ˈbʌdʒɪt] (高研四六托雅宝 1054/1062 -K4)
Vocabulary: budget
(once / 161 pages)
nv
A budget is a sum of money set aside and divided up to cover particular expenses. Like allotting certain amounts for food, rent, movies, and manicures every month to make sure you don't run out of cash.
From the Middle French bougette, the noun budget translated to “leather pouch” when it was first used in the early 15th century. Perhaps a leather pouch to hold gold coins? It wasn’t until 1733 that the word took on the more specific financial meaning it has nowadays. You can budget all sorts of things, including time, money, and energy. Every year, Congress tries to balance the Federal budget — but that's no easy task.
WORD FAMILY
budget: budgetary, budgeted, budgeting, budgets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Legislators will already face a $348 million budget shortfall when they return to Topeka on Jan. 9.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Without a sustainable budget solution, the annual Permanent Fund dividend soon will disappear, as will our savings accounts.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Dalrymple’s budget proposed transferring earnings to the general fund but leaving the principal untouched.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 预算; 预算案; 预算拨款; 一束
vt. & vi. 把…编入预算; 谨慎花钱
adj. 价格低廉的; 花钱少的; 收费合理的; 便宜的
vt. 在预算中拨款给; 按预算拨（款）; 按预算来计划（或安排）; 规划
vi. 做安排(for)
时态：budgeted, budgeting, budgets
分布：预算(97%)，廉价的(1%)，节省开支(1%)，编预算(1%)
→来自拉丁词bulga, 皮袋子，钱夹。词源同ball, 膨胀，鼓起，球。预算来自钱夹比喻义。比较 bourse, 钱夹，股票交易所。
n.预算v.做预算The just budget judge just justifies the adjustment of justice.公正的预算法官只不过为司法调整辩护而已.
noun
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a plan to show how much money a person or organization will earn and how much they will need or be able to spend 预算
• The firm has drawn up a budget for the coming financial year. 公司草拟了下一财政年度的预算方案。
• Libraries are finding it increasingly difficult to remain within (their) budget. 图书馆感到想把支出维持在预算之内越来越难。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the amount of money you have available to spend 预算费
• an annual budget of £40 million 每年4000万英镑的预算
['bʌdʒ.ɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
 IMPROVER
■to plan how much money you will spend on something 制订预算，计划（开支）
• An extra £20 million has been budgeted for schools this year. 今年学校预算增加了2000万英镑。
['bʌdʒ.ɪt] adjective [before noun]
■very cheap 低廉的
• a budget holiday/hotel/price 廉价旅行渡假／廉价旅馆／低廉的价格
n. [财政] 预算，预算费
 - spend
vt. 安排，预定；把…编入预算
 - place in, engage, settle
adj. 廉价的
 - low-cost, penny-a-line

Word: tally
Front: tally
[ˈtæli] (托宝 11596/11708 -1)
Vocabulary: tally
(once / 1541 pages)
1nv 2v
A tally is a continuous count of something, like the number of words in a document, or the number of favors your best friend owes you. To tally is to add up, like keeping the score of a game.
The word tally has to do with counting. It comes from the Latin word for “stick” because people used to keep a tally by marking a stick. Tally can be the total, or the act of adding it all up. If you count the bikers riding by, your count is a tally. As a verb, tally is used for keeping score. Two friends playing basketball need to tally the points after each basket so they don't lose track.
WORD FAMILY
tally: tallied, tallies, tallying, tallys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tally will be available later in January.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They tally the number of medication errors, the number of patients injured in falls and the number who develop infections after certain types of surgery.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Food and Drug Administration clearing just 22 new medicines for sale, the lowest number since 2010 and sharply down on 2015's tally of 45.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 计数器; 标签; 记账
vt. 测量，计数; 通过做记号记录; 加标签于; 使符合，使吻合
vi. 符合，吻合; 记录，计分
时态：tallied, tallying, tallies
分布：记录(48%)，计算(16%)，一致(15%)，帐(7%)，标签(7%)，记分(6%)，使一致(1%)
→来自古法语 taille,木头上的刻痕，来自拉丁语 talea,砍，切，小枝，词源同 tailor,retail.引申词 义记录，积分表等，词义一致来自古代的一种借贷方法，把一块记录有欠债的小木条从中劈 成两半，债务人和债权人各持一半，以做为还款凭证。比较 indenture,契约，合同。
【记】tall高，y：长高一点儿是为了与男女朋友“吻”合。
verb intransitive
■to match or agree with something else 符合，吻合
• Our figures don't tally - you've made it twenty pounds more than me. 我们的资料不相符——你的比我的多20英镑。
• Your plans don't tally with mine. 你的计划和我的有冲突。
['tæl.i] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tally (sth) up slightly old-fashioned informal
■to calculate something 计算
• If the game's over I'll tally up. 如果比赛结束了的话，我就计算总分。
['tæl.i] noun countable usually singular slightly old-fashioned
■a record or count of a number of things 计数；记录；比分
• Will you keep a tally of the number of customers going in and out? 你能记录一下进出顾客的人数吗？
n. 计数器；标签；记账
 - counter, ticket, label
vt. 使符合；计算；记录
 - cast, register, figure, shape
vi. 一致；记分
 - cotton, square, identify, score, coincide

Word: puffy
Front: puffy
[ˈpʌfi] (11594/21711)
Vocabulary: puffy
(once / 5390 pages)
adj
Puffy things are swollen or soft, like a big, puffy hairdo or your favorite puffy winter coat that's stuffed full of feathers.
Your eyes might be puffy after a really sad movie, and your cat may look puffy when she's hissing at the dog. Big, round clouds are puffy, and so are the white seed heads of dandelions — the puffy balls you can blow on and make a wish. Wind is puffy too, when it blows in little gusts. This is the earliest meaning of puffy, from puff and its Old English root pyffan, "to blow with the mouth."
WORD FAMILY
puffy: puffier, puffiest, puffily, puffiness+/ puff: puffed, puffer, puffery, puffing, puffingly, puffs, puffy /puffer: puffers/puffery: pufferies/puffing: puffings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eden was born with puffy, red eyes, which led to her being placed in the special observation wing.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s still so puffy,’” said Jihan Thompson, a former magazine editor and a founder of the beauty booking app Swivel.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
A bearded man wearing a gray fleece, his eyes puffy, approached the table.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 膨胀的，肿胀的
n. 膨胀，肿胀
级别：puffier, puffiest
分布：浮肿的(47%)，膨胀的(40%)，肥满的(13%)
→来自puff,吹气。
adjective
■If the skin around your eyes is puffy, it is slightly swollen （眼睛）肿胀的，肿大的
• His eyes were still puffy with sleep. 他的眼睛因为睡觉所以还是肿肿的。
adj. 一阵阵吹的；胀大的；喘气的
 - blown, broken-winded

Word: unavoidable
Front: unavoidable
[ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbl] (六 11557/9575 -1)
Vocabulary: unavoidable
(once / 1294 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unavoidable to describe something that you can't escape or avoid. Going to your family reunion is unavoidable if there's no way for you to get out of it.
Obligations are unavoidable, since they are responsibilities that have to be honored. Letting your grandmother pinch your cheek is unavoidable, and paying your rent is also unavoidable. As you get older, it's unavoidable that your knees will get stiffer — there is no way to avoid having this happen. Unavoidable comes from the verb avoid, which is rooted in the Anglo-French avoider, "to clear out or withdraw oneself."
WORD FAMILY
unavoidable: unavoidability, unavoidably+/ avoid: avoidable, avoidance, avoided, avoiding, avoids/ avoidable: avoidably, unavoidable /avoidance: avoidances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anslow says he wanted the confronting distress of the reports to be just as unavoidable for those walking past.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But the photographic evidence of these past 10 months is unavoidable.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
And then the unavoidable truth: Joe is on the autism spectrum.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可避免的，不得已的; 不能废除的，不能废除的，不能取消的; 必不可免; 不免
分布：不可避免的(100%)
不可避免的(un不+avoid+able)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
adjective
■impossible to avoid 无法避免的
adj. 不可避免的；不能废除的
 - inevitable, inescapable

Word: utopian
Front: utopian
[juː'təʊpiən] (托宝 11534/15482 -1)
Vocabulary: utopian
(once / 29112 pages)
adj
If you're looking to relocate to a utopia, good luck! A utopia is an ideal society, and a scheme or vision for producing such a society can be called utopian.
In 1516, the English philosopher Thomas More published Utopia, a book about an island nation with the perfect form of government. This novel gave us the adjective utopian, which can be used to describe plans for or works of fiction depicting ideal societies. Dystopian literature, by contrast, describes nightmarishly repressive worlds. It's ironic that More himself may have conceived of his Utopia as a dystopia, or at least a satire. The name of More's novel is anglicized Greek for "no place" — which makes a lot of sense if you think about it.
WORD FAMILY
utopia: utopian, utopias
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Eyebeam was born at a time, in the late ’90s, when thinking around technology was naïve and utopian,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But in the New York of the 1980s and 1990s, clubs were somehow both utopian and forbidding.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The utopian communist idea competed directly with capitalism and lost.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 乌托邦的; 空想的; 不切实际的
n. 空想的社会主义者，空想家; 乌托邦居民
分布：乌托邦式的(72%)，空想家(17%)，梦想的(11%)
【记】源于：Utopia（n 乌托邦）理想中完美的地方
US [-'toʊ-] adjective
■relating to or aiming for a perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy 乌托邦似的；完美世界的；以乌托邦为目标的
• a utopian vision 不切实际的想法
• utopian aims 不切实际的目标
adj. 乌托邦的；空想的；理想化的
 - romantic, fantastic
n. 空想家；乌托邦的居民
 - daydreamer, fancier

Word: Caucasian
Front: Caucasian
[kɔː'keɪziən] (11617/27908 -1)
Back: n. 白种人；高加索人
adj. 白种人的；高加索的
分布：白种人的(33%)，白种人(27%)，高加索人(20%)，高加索人的(20%)
US [kɑ:-] adjective
■belonging to the races of people who have skin that is of a pale colour 白种人的；高加索人的
• The chief suspect for the robbery is a Caucasian male. 抢劫案的主要嫌疑犯是个白人男子。
n. 白种人；高加索人
 - white people, white race

Word: rescuer
Front: rescuer
['reskju:ə(r)] (11600/14801)
Back: n. 救助者
分布：救援者(100%)
VERB
营救;救援;救助
If you rescue someone, you get them out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation.
例：Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building...直升机从失火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。
例：He had rescued her from a horrible life.他把她从可怕的生活中解救了出来。
N-UNCOUNT
营救;救援;救助
Rescue is help which gets someone out of a dangerous or unpleasant situation.
例：Lights clipped onto life jackets improve the chances of rescue...别在救生衣上的灯提高了获救可能性。
例：A big rescue operation has been launched for a trawler missing in the English Channel.为寻找在英吉利海峡失踪的一艘拖网渔船，人们展开了一场大规模的搜救行动。
N-COUNT
营救行动;救援行动;救助行为
A rescue is an attempt to save someone from a dangerous or unpleasant situation.
例：A major air-sea rescue is under way...一场大规模的海空营救行动正在进行。
例：Five children were pulled from the smoke-filled house in heroic rescues by fire crews.在消防人员英勇的营救行动中，有5个孩子从浓烟弥漫的房子里被救出。
PHRASE
前去营救;前来救援
If you go to someone's rescue or come to their rescue, you help them when they are in danger or difficulty.
例：The 23-year-old's screams alerted a passerby who went to her rescue...那个23岁女孩的尖叫引来了一位过路人前去营救。
例：The crisis puts strong political pressure on the state government to come to the rescue.这次危机给前来救助的州政府带来了巨大的政治压力。
n. 救助者
 - saver, savior

Word: geographically
Front: geographically
[ˌdʒi:ə'ɡræfɪklɪ] (11601/11905)
Back: adv. 地理学上，在地理上，地理方面
分布：在地理上(67%)，地理学上地(33%)
ADJ
地理（学）的
Geographical or geographic means concerned with or relating to geography.
例：Its geographical location stimulated overseas mercantile enterprise.它的地理位置引起了海外商家的兴趣。
例：...a vast geographical area.广袤的地理区域

Word: swamp
Front: swamp
[swɒmp] (研四六托雅宝 6335/9459 -2)
Vocabulary: swamp
(once / 361 pages)
nv
A swamp is an area that floods every year because the land is low. Watch out for alligators if you visit Atchafalaya National Wildlife Refuge in Louisiana, the largest swamp in the United States.
Anyone who has spent time in a busy restaurant kitchen has heard harried chefs cry, "I'm in the weeds!" Such people are in a different kind of swamp — the challenging environment in which too many things need to be done in too short a time. Another way of saying this is, "I'm swamped." Here swamp is a verb that describes being stuck in a seemingly endless situation — you feel like you're stuck in the squishy mud of a real swamp.
WORD FAMILY
swamp: swamped, swamping, swamps, swampy
USAGE EXAMPLES
After the remodeling and expansion, the shop became “swamped” with customers, they recalled.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then expenditures began swamping revenues in 2014, and by the end of 2015, all of the foundation’s assets were depleted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
How easily we fall into the trap of seeing female writers as either iconoclastically breaking free from gender roles, or damagingly swamped by them.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽（地）; 湿地
vt. 淹没; 使沉没; 使陷入困难; 忙得不可开交
vi. 淹没，沉没
时态：swamped, swamping, swamps
分布：沼泽(78%)，淹没(9%)，湿地(8%)，困境(4%)，使陷于困境(1%)
→混 合 词 ， 来 自 中 古 英 语 swam, 沼 泽 ， 和 中 古 英 语 sompe, 沼 泽 ， 最 终 都 来 自 Proto-Germanic*sumpaz,沼泽，泥沼，词源同 sump.引申比喻义陷入沼泽，淹没，疲于应付等。
n.沼泽;湿地vt.浸没;使...应接不暇The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
【记】s死，wa＝water，mp：死在water里面－沼泽
US [swɑ:mp] noun countable or uncountable
■(an area of) very wet soft land 沼泽地；湿地
• an alligator-infested swamp 鳄鱼成群的沼泽地
• The Everglades are an area of swamp in southern Florida. 佛罗里达大湿地是佛罗里达州南部的一片沼泽地区。
UK [swɒmp] US [swɑ:mp] verb
COVER 覆盖
transitive
■to cover a place or thing with a large amount of water 淹没，浸没
• High tides have swamped the coast. 高涨的潮水淹没了海岸。
• The boat was swamped by an enormous wave. 小船被巨浪吞没了。
UK [swɒmp] US [swɑ:mp] verb
TOO MUCH/BIG 太多／太大
transitive often passive
■If something swamps a person, system or place, they receive more of it than they can easily deal with 充斥，席卷，使应接不暇
• Foreign cars have swamped the UK market. 外国车席卷整个英国市场。
• I'm swamped with work at the moment. 我现在忙得不可开交。
• Don't let feelings of depression swamp you. 不要被沮丧的情绪击倒。
transitive informal
■If clothes swamp you, they are much too big for you. （衣服）太大而不适合
n. [地理] 沼泽；湿地
 - wetland, cienaga
vt. 使陷于沼泽；使沉没；使陷入困境
 - embog
vi. 下沉；陷入沼泽；陷入困境；不知所措（过去式swamped，过去分词swamped，现在分词swamping，第三人称单数swamps，名词swampiness，形容词swampy）
 - sunk

Word: subtitle
Front: subtitle
[ˈsʌbtaɪtl] (雅 11609/19648)
Back: n. 小标题，副标题; （电影的）字幕
vt. 给…加副标题[字幕]
时态：subtitled, subtitling, subtitles
分布：说明或对白的字幕(50%)，给 ... 加字幕(25%)，给 ... 加副标题(25%)
→sub-,在下，title,标题。
副标题(sub+tropics热带)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
US [-l] noun
countable
■a word, phrase or sentence which is used as the second part of a book title and is printed under the main title at the front of the book 副标题，小标题
subtitles [plural]
■words shown at the bottom of a film or television picture to explain what is being said （电影或电视节目的）字幕
• The Chinese film was shown with English subtitles. 这部中国电影放映时配了英文字幕。
• The evening news has subtitles for the deaf. 晚间新闻为聋哑人士配了字幕。
n. [计] [图情] 副标题；说明或对白的字幕
 - subhead
vt. 在…上印字幕；给…加副标题
 - subgroup

Word: shin
Front: shin
[ʃɪn] (11556/11983 -1)
Back: n. 胫，胫骨; 小腿肉
vi. 攀; 快步步行
vt. 攀爬; 踢或打…的胫骨
时态：shinned, shinning, shins
分布：胫骨(79%)，快步走(11%)，攀爬(7%)，踢或打在 ... 的胫骨上(3%)
→来自古英语 scinu,胫，胫骨，来自 Proto-Germanic*skino,薄片，来自 skei,切，分开，词 源同 sheathe,science.比喻用法，引申词义用腿爬，攀爬。
noun
countable
■the front part of your leg between your knee and your foot 胫，胫部
• She's got a nasty bruise on her shin. 她的胫部有一块严重的瘀伤。
countable or uncountable
■a joint (= large piece) of meat from the lower leg of a cow 牛的小腿肉
• a shin of beef 一块牛的小腿肉
[ʃɪn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-nn-) (US also shinny)
■to climb something such as a tree, using your hands and legs to move along quickly 攀，爬
• Several of us shinned up lampposts so that we could see over the crowd. 我们之中有几个人爬上了路灯柱，这样就可以越过人们的头顶观看了。
n. 胫骨
 - shankbone, tibia
vt. 爬；攀
 - climb
vi. 攀；快步走
 - double

Word: correctness
Front: correctness
[kə'rektnəs] (11593/14961)
Back: 正确性
分布：正确(56%)，正确性(44%)
ADJ
准确无误的;正确的
If something is correct, it is in accordance with the facts and has no mistakes.
例：The correct answers can be found at the bottom of page 8...正确答案在第8页末尾。
例：The following information was correct at time of going to press...下列信息在付印时准确无误。
ADJ
(说法或想法)对的，正确的
If someone is correct, what they have said or thought is true.
例：You are absolutely correct. The leaves are from a bay tree...你说得很对，这是月桂树的叶子。
例：If Casey is correct, the total cost of the cleanup would come to $110 billion.如果凯西是对的，清理的总花费将达1,100亿美元。
ADJ
恰当的;合适的
The correct thing or method is the thing or method that is required or is most suitable in a particular situation.
例：The use of the correct materials was crucial...使用恰当的材料至关重要。
例：White was in no doubt the referee made the correct decision.怀特确信裁判作出了公正的判罚。
ADJ
(行为)被人认可的，赞许的
If you say that someone is correct in doing something, you approve of their action.
例：You are perfectly correct in trying to steer your mother towards increased independence...你试图让自己的母亲变得越来越独立，这样做很正确。
例：I think the president was correct to reject the offer.我认为总统拒绝这一提议是正确的。
VERB
纠正(问题);改正，修正(错误)
If you correct a problem, mistake, or fault, you do something which puts it right.
例：He may need surgery to correct the problem...要解决这个问题，他可能需要做外科手术。
例：He has criticised the government for inefficiency and delays in correcting past mistakes.他批评政府在纠正过去的错误问题上效率低下，并且拖拖拉拉。
VERB
纠正;指出…的错误
If you correct someone, you say something which you think is more accurate or appropriate than what they have just said.
例：'Actually, that isn't what happened,' George corrects me...“实际上，并不是那样，”乔治纠正我。
例：I must correct him on a minor point.我必须纠正他的一处小错误。
VERB
批改，修改(文章等)
When someone corrects a piece of writing, they look at it and mark the mistakes in it.
例：It took an extraordinary effort to focus on preparing his classes or correcting his students' work.备课和批改学生的作业花费了他很多精力。
ADJ-GRADED
(行为)符合社会公认标准的，得体的
If a person or their behaviour is correct, their behaviour is in accordance with social or other rules.
例：I think English men are very polite and very correct...我认为英国人很有礼貌，举止非常得体。
例：We were rather surprised by their sporting and correct behaviour.他们富有体育精神而且举止得体，让我们感到相当惊讶。
CONVENTION
若是我说错了就请指出
You say 'correct me if I'm wrong' to indicate that you are not entirely sure that what you are about to say is true.
例：As I recall, but correct me if I'm wrong, it was in a car park in Carmarthen.如果我没记错的话，那是在卡马森的一个停车场内。
n. 正确性
 - validity

Word: milieu
Front: milieu
[mi:ˈljɜ:] (托 11563/16108 -1)
Vocabulary: milieu
(once / 8107 pages)
n
A milieu is a surrounding culture. Your family, house, neighborhood, school, and people you hang out with make up your milieu. If you live in a mansion and have rich friends, you’re part of the upper crust milieu. Go you.
A milieu is both "surroundings" and everything that makes up the surroundings. Your milieu is your world, or the context you come from. Sometimes a milieu shapes a person, as when a "milieu of abuse and poverty," inspires someone to improve things for others. Milieu sounds a lot like mildew without the "d," but unless you grew up in a moldy bathtub, mildew probably has little to do with your milieu, or environment.
WORD FAMILY
milieu: milieus, milieux
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then I was very much concerned about the atmosphere, the milieu,” he says.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Before naming the economy, I prefer to name the milieu or zeitgeist—the spirit of the times—the irrational logic that is driving the...
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
It fits into this universe’s milieu with ease and style, while exploring new emotional and narrative terrain.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 周围; 环境
分布：背景(55%)，周围环境(25%)，栖身所(20%)
→来自法语milieu,来自mi,中间的，词源同middle,lieu,地方，词源同location,lieutenant.引申词义周围的环境，社会环境。
【记】mi中间，lieu地方－在一个地方之中－环境mili拼音：米粒－环顾四周的环境找米粒。
US [mi:l'jɜ:] noun countable (plural milieus or milieux) formal
■the people, physical and social conditions and events which provide the environment in which someone acts or lives 社会背景；周围环境；出身背景
• It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked. 这是一项对米开朗基罗生活和工作所处的社会与文化背景的研究。
n. 环境；周围；出身背景
 - context, circumstance, setting, surrounding, condition

Word: blush
Front: blush
[blʌʃ] (研六托雅宝 9003/8221 -1)
Vocabulary: blush
(once / 207 pages)
vn
When you blush, you turn red because you are embarrassed. And, oddly enough, women wear the make-up variety of blush to add color to their cheeks — not to appear embarrassed but to appear attractive.
Women use a type of makeup called blush to add redness to their cheeks. That can help you remember the other meanings of this word, which all relate to redness or rosiness. When you have a blush — or are blushing — your face gets red. People blush when they’re embarrassed. Having a crush can cause blushing; so can getting caught stealing something. Blushing is caused by blood rushing to the head: thus, the color red.
WORD FAMILY
blush: blushed, blusher, blushes, blushful, blushing+/blusher: blushers/blushful: blushfully/blushing: blushingly, unblushing/unblushing: unblushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In an interview with the Guardian last year, Fisher confessed that her next meeting with Ford would cost her a blush or two.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course, I blushed and said I would.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Chicago designer Tom Stringer agreed, noting that while “blush was promoted as a color trend earlier in the year, it already looks tired and drab.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 脸红，惭愧; 变红; 害臊，怕羞
n. 脸红，红色; <古>一见，一瞥
时态：blushed, blushing, blushes
分布：脸红(69%)，羞愧(27%)，泛红(4%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 发光，闪耀。指脸发红。词源同blaze, 明亮。
v./n.脸红She blushed at the mention of her lover.她听人提到她情人,脸就红了.
【记】太恶心！自己想！
【区】lush（adj 青翠繁茂的）更恶心！
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to become pink in the face, usually from embarrassment （通常因尴尬而）脸红
• I always blush when I speak in public. 当众讲话时我总是脸红。
• I blush to think of what a fool I made of myself. 一想到我出了那么大洋相我就脸红。
flush, blush
这组词都有“脸红”的意思，其区别是：
flush: 强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。
blush: 侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。
vi. 脸红；感到惭愧
 - feel cheap
n. 脸红；红色；羞愧
 - red, shame

Word: baptism
Front: baptism
[ˈbæptɪzəm] (11608/8950 -1)
Vocabulary: baptism
(once / 191 pages)
n
In the Christian church, baptism is a rite that symbolizes spiritual purification and rebirth. If you’ve had a baptism, it probably involved being dipped in water or having water sprinkled on you, lots of proud relatives, and hopefully cake afterwards.
The word baptism can be traced to the Greek word baptismos, meaning “ceremonial washing.” This cleansing rite typically takes place when you’re a child and is often seen as an initiation into the church. Baptism can be used more broadly to describe other kinds of initiations as well. If you go through a difficult experience on your first day on the job, you could say that was your baptism as a customer service rep.
WORD FAMILY
baptism: Baptist, baptise, baptismal, baptisms, baptistery, baptistry, baptize +/Baptist: Baptistic, Baptists/baptise: baptised, baptises, baptising/baptised: unbaptised/baptismal: baptismally/baptistery: baptisteries/baptistry: baptistries/ baptize: baptized, baptizes, baptizing/baptized: unbaptized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Rev. Lynn Jostes will preach on “Fearing, Hoping, Trusting,” and the sacraments of Communion and Baptism will be celebrated.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
After the baptism, the heirloom was tucked away again.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
While they sang, I opened my eyes and stared at the wall, at the picture of the family at Chima s baptism.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. （基督教的）洗礼; 严峻考验
分布：洗礼(100%)
→来自词根bapt, 浸。指一种基督教或其它宗教的重要仪式。见baptism of fire, 战火洗礼。
noun countable or uncountable
■a Christian ceremony in which a person has water poured on their head, or is covered for a very short time in water, in order to show that they have become a member of the Christian Church （基督教的）洗礼，浸礼
• infant baptism 婴儿洗礼
['bæp.tɪ.zəm] noun countable or uncountable
a baptism of/by fire
■a very difficult first experience of something 初次的痛苦经历；战火的洗礼
• I was given a million-dollar project to manage in my first month - it was a real baptism of fire. 第一个月就让我管理一个百万美元的企划——这实在是个严峻的考验。
n. 洗礼；严峻考验
 - ablution, christening

Word: sabotage
Front: sabotage
[ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ] (雅宝 11586/14154 -1)
Vocabulary: sabotage
(once / 3488 pages)
nv
Sabotage isn't very nice: It's when you ruin or disrupt something by messing up a part of it on purpose. Loosening the blades on your competitor's ice skates would definitely be considered sabotage.
Sabotage comes from the French word saboter, which literally means “walk noisily.” That's funny, because the last thing you'd want to do when committing an act of sabotage is stomp around and get caught. It’s believed that sabotage came into use in 1910 as a noun, and then later in 1918 as a verb. Apparently, people only became so cruel in the last century or so.
WORD FAMILY
sabotage: sabotaged, sabotages, sabotaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But at the time, the Obama administration’s fear was that Russia would sabotage voting machines and remove names from voter registration rolls.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
It said the evidence points to human error, not technical problems or sabotage.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 蓄意破坏; 怠工; 对…采取破坏行动，捣乱
n. 破坏活动
时态：sabotaged, sabotaging, sabotages
分布：破坏(92%)，怠工(8%)
→来自法语 sabotage,捣乱，破坏，来自 sabot,木鞋，来自中古法语 savate,旧鞋子，词源同 sabaton, 护脚甲，savate,法国腿踢，ciabatta,拖鞋面包。现词义据说是来自 18，19 世纪机器工业刚兴 起时，手工业者担心机器会抢走他们的饭碗，愤而把木鞋扔进机器里面破坏机器运转。
verb transitive
■to damage or destroy equipment, weapons or buildings in order to prevent the success of an enemy or competitor （为阻止敌人或对手成功而）毁坏，破坏（设备、武器或建筑物）
• The rebels had tried to sabotage the oil pipeline. 叛乱分子曾试图破坏输油管道。
■to intentionally prevent the success of a plan or action 暗中破坏，蓄意破坏（计划或行动）
• This was a deliberate attempt to sabotage the ceasefire. 这是一次蓄意破坏停战的袭击。
vt. 妨害；对…采取破坏行动
 - encumber, incumber
n. 破坏；破坏活动；怠工
 - destruction, breaking, blasting, disruption, demolition

Word: shaman
Front: shaman
[ˈʃeɪmən] (11625/13344 -1)
Vocabulary: shaman
(once / 6140 pages)
n
A shaman is a tribal healer who can act as a medium between the visible world and the spirit world.
Shamans are kind of a mix between priests and doctors. Like a priest, a shaman is a holy man who represents a religion — in this case, shamanism. Like a doctor, a shaman heals people — or at least claims to do so. If you're not into shamanism, you can use this term more generally: A really good teacher, especially one who works a little mysteriously, might be said to work "like a shaman".
WORD FAMILY
shaman: shamanise, shamanism, shamanize, shamans+/shamanism: shamanist, shamanistic
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is master and journeyman, penitent and shaman, depending on the moment.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
There is a section on the Shaman Furs website called “Beyond Haute Couture.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Nate Silver, the statistics shaman who had been roundly criticised for overestimating Trump’s chances, now posted that a Trump victory was likely.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 萨满教的道士（僧人、巫师）
分布：僧人(67%)，萨满教巫师(33%)
→来自蒙古语族萨满，来自汉语沙门，来自梵语 sramana,苦行僧，苦修者。或可能直接来自该 梵语词。
noun countable
■in particular religions, a person who has special powers to control or influence good and evil spirits (= people who cannot be seen) which makes it possible for them to discover the cause of illness, bad luck, etc. （特定宗教中据信能控制或影响善恶神灵从而揭开疾病、厄运等之源的）萨满，巫师
n. 巫师；萨满教的道士；僧人
 - necromancer, koradji

Word: hugely
Front: hugely
[ˈhju:dʒli] (11576/9565)
Back: adv. 非常
分布：巨大地(50%)，非常地(50%)
→huge,巨大的，-ly,副词后缀。
adverb
■to a great degree; extremely 非常；极度
• He gave her a hugely expensive diamond ring. 他送给她一枚十分昂贵的钻戒。
• Their business has been hugely successful. 他们的生意极为成功。
adv. 巨大地；非常地
 - considerably, enormously, remarkably

Word: marine
Front: marine
[məˈri:n] (研四六托雅宝 4916/3580 -3)
Vocabulary: marine
(once / 295 pages)
adjn
If it has to do with the ocean or sea, you can call it marine. Your friend in US Armed Services who is a Marine probably spends a lot of time near the ocean.
Marine life is everything that lives in the water: plants, fish, sharks, algae, crabs, seahorses, giant squid, and the list goes on and on. When you study things that live in or near the sea, you are either a marine biologist or just really excited about ocean life. If you work in a field that deals with the ocean, boats, sailors or the navy you could be, for instance, a marine meteorologist.
WORD FAMILY
marine: marineer, submarine +/ antisubmarine: antisubmariner/ submarine: antisubmarine, submarined, submariner, submarines, submarining/submariner: submariners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two years ago, Sieswerda discussed with the Guardian increased sightings around New York City of whales and other large marine creatures, including great white sharks.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Last session, he submitted a draft on combating Maine’s marine debris that eventually became law, and he plans to submit another draft on the issue.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Preserving the largest protected marine park in South Puget Sound for salmon, wildlife and public access on Anderson Island.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 海的; 海产的; 海军的; 海事的
n. 水兵; 海军陆战队士兵; 海事，海运业
分布：船舶(47%)，海的(13%)，海运业(9%)，海生的(9%)，海事的(8%)，航海的(8%)，水兵(6%)
→来自mare,海，-ine,形容词后缀。
海的(marin+e)[Marin=sea,表示"海洋"]
海的(mar海+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
a.海的,海生的;船舶的,航海的Seals and whales are marine animals.海豹和鲸鱼是海中的动物.
【记】submarine（n 潜水艇）sub下面，marine海
【参】maritime（adj 海上的；海员的）
adjective [before noun]
■related to the sea or sea transport 海（洋）的；航海的；海运的
• The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands. 浮油严重威胁着岛屿周围的海洋生物。
• Marine biologists are concerned about the effects of untreated sewage that is flowing into coastal waters. 污水未经处理就排到近海海域，海洋生物学家对其后果十分担心。
• One plane, a marine F18, was lost in the raid. 突袭行动中损失了一架F18舰载战斗机。
• The Central harbour area will be closed to all marine traffic from 3.45 pm to 4.30 pm. 中央海港区将于下午3时45分至4时30分关闭，严禁所有海上船只进出停留。
⇒ See also maritime
[mə'ri:n] noun countable
■a soldier who works closely with the navy and is trained especially for military operations on land which begin from the sea 海军陆战队士兵
adj. 船舶的； [海洋] 海生的；海产的；航海的，海运的
 - nautical, sea-born
n. 海运业；舰队；水兵；（海军）士兵或军官
 - shipping industry, bluejacket

Word: insensitive
Front: insensitive
[ɪnˈsensətɪv] (11592/11204 -1)
Vocabulary: insensitive
(once / 7802 pages)
adj
When you're insensitive, you're not feeling something. You can be insensitive to the weather or other people's problems.
This word has two meanings that are closely related. When your foot is asleep, it's insensitive or numb — you can't feel your friend poking at it. When you get really cold, you can become insensitive to pain. In the other sense, insensitive means the opposite of caring and sympathetic — you're insensitive to other people's feelings. If you make a joke about your friend's bad haircut when you know she's embarrassed about it, you're being insensitive.
WORD FAMILY
insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical / nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically/oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations/ sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensibility: sensibilities/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/ sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
At worst, they say, the remarks were rude and insensitive.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many Twitter users called the tweet tasteless and insensitive, but the comedian remained unapologetic.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Every few months, Zed said, he receives a message about some insensitive commercial use of a Hindu image.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 感觉迟钝的; （对某事物）无感觉的; （对变化）懵然不知的; 不敏感的
分布：不敏感的(49%)，麻木不仁的(30%)，感觉迟钝的(21%)
→in-,不，非，sensitive,敏感的。
US [-sə.tˌɪv] adjective disapproving
■(of a person or their behaviour) not feeling or showing sympathy for other people's feelings, or refusing to give importance to something （人或其行为）未意识到（他人感受）的；漠不关心的
• It was a bit insensitive of Fiona to go on so much about fat people when she knows Mandy is desperate to lose weight. 菲奥娜知道曼迪急于减肥却继续大谈胖子的话题，真有点不顾他人感受。
• The police have been criticized for being insensitive to complaints from the public. 警方因漠视公众的投诉而受到批评。
■specialized
■not showing the effect of something as a reaction to it, or unable to feel something 不敏感的；无感觉的
• The protective covering must be insensitive to light and heat. 保护罩必须对光和热不敏感。
• His feet seem to be insensitive to pain. 他的双脚好像没有疼痛感。
adj. 感觉迟钝的，对…没有感觉的
 - thickskinned, undiscerning

Word: claw
Front: claw
[klɔ:] (高研四六托 6934/8058 -1)
Vocabulary: claw
(once / 523 pages)
nv
The word claw is all about grabbing. It could be a lobster claw or even an ambitious worker clawing his way up the corporate ladder.
As a noun, a claw is the pointy finger-like grabbers that birds, insects, and some lizards and mammals have. Machines can have claws too, and maybe you’ve seen the game at an arcade where you make a metal claw pick up a toy. Claw can be a verb as well, meaning to grab, scratch, or pull in a painful and jolting way. Should someone bury you up to your neck in a hole, you’ll have to claw your way out. And you can accidentally claw your date if you grab her arm during a scary movie.
WORD FAMILY
claw: clawed, clawing, clawlike, claws, declaw+/declaw: declawed, declawing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stocks are opening slightly higher on Wall Street as the market claws back some of the ground it lost a day earlier.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Natural selection is heinously immoral,” he said, invoking Tennyson’s view that nature is “red in tooth and claw.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The new year will yield more such clawing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （动物的）爪; （蟹等的）钳; 爪形器具
vt. & vi. 用爪抓（或挖）
时态：clawed, clawing, claws
分布：爪(64%)，抓(17%)，钳(6%)，撕(6%)，螯(4%)，爪状物(3%)
→来自skel,弯，钩，词源同close,scoliosis（脊柱侧弯）。
n.爪,脚爪The lawyer's son-in-law likes hawk's claws and jaws.律师的女婿喜欢鹰爪和下颌.
US [klɑ:] noun countable
■one of the sharp curved nails at the end of each of the toes of some animals and birds （某些兽类或鸟类的）爪，脚爪
• Our cat likes to sharpen her claws on the legs of the dining table. 我们的猫喜欢在餐桌腿上磨爪子。
■one of the two pointed parts, used for holding things, at the end of the legs of some insects and sea creatures （某些昆虫、海洋动物的）螯，钳
• Keep your fingers away from the crab's claws when you pick it up. 抓螃蟹时，别用手指触碰它的钳子。
UK [klɔ:] US [klɑ:] noun countable
get your claws into sb informal disapproving
■to find a way of influencing or controlling someone 让（某人）落入你的掌控之中
• If the loan company gets its claws into you, you'll still be paying off this debt when you're 50. 要是落入了贷款公司的魔掌，那你到50岁的时候还在还债。
■If a woman gets her claws into a man, she manages to start a relationship with him, often because she wants to control him or get something from him （女子）死死缠住（男人）
• If she gets her claws into that young man, she'll ruin his political career. 要是她对那年轻人死缠不放，会毁掉他的政治前途。
UK [klɔ:] US [klɑ:] verb intransitive or transitive
■to use claws to tear something or someone （用爪子）抓，撕，挠
• He was seriously injured when one of the lions clawed his back. 他的后背被其中一只狮子严重抓伤了。
• When our cat is hungry, she starts clawing at my legs. 我们家的猫饿了就开始抓我的腿。
UK [klɔ:] US [klɑ:] verb intransitive or transitive
claw your way (somewhere)
■to move forwards with difficulty, especially by using stiff curved fingers to remove the things that are in your way （尤指用弯曲硬实的手指）扒出一条路前行，艰难地移动
• The rescuers could hear the sound of the trapped people desperately trying to claw their way through the rubble. 救援人员听到被困者的动静，他们拚命想从废墟中用手扒出一条生路来。
• figurative Sidney ruthlessly clawed his way (up) from the position of junior clerk to chairman of the company (= He achieved success with effort and by hurting other people). 悉尼无情地杀出一条血路，从底层职员爬到了公司总裁的位置。
UK [klɔ:] US [klɑ:] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] claw sth back
■to get possession of something again with difficulty 费力夺回；设法捞回
• The airline is beginning to claw back some of the business it lost after the bomb explosion. 航空公司开始着手夺回在炸弹爆炸事件后损失的一些业务。
■mainly UK
■If the government, for example, claws back money, it takes money back in one way that it has already given in another way （政府）收回（款项）
• We got a government grant for setting up our business, but they clawed it all back again in taxes. 我们得到了一项政府拨款开办了公司，可是他们以税收的形式把钱全收回去了。
n. [动] 爪；螯，钳；爪形器具
 - talon, unguis

Word: parochial
Front: parochial
[pəˈrəʊkiəl] (宝 11615/11543 -1)
Vocabulary: parochial
(once / 2906 pages)
adj
If an issue or a matter is parochial, it is trivial or only concerns a local area. Likewise, a person with a parochial mentality is narrow-minded, or not open to new ideas.
Parochial comes to English from Greek through Latin with the meaning "of a parish." As a parochial school is a school that is affiliated with a particular church, the connection is easy to see. In general though, parochial refers to a narrow or limited point of view — that is, an outlook that extends no further than the limits of the parish. You may feel that there is no room in your life for the parochial attitudes of the older generation. Let's hope you remain open-minded as you age!
WORD FAMILY
parochial: parochialism, parochially+/parochialism: parochialisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Millions of parents choose to send their children to parochial or other private schools.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“You roll back 40 years ago, and we were really pretty isolated and much more parochial here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Families are able to take that money to private or parochial school to cover all or part of tuition.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 教区的; 范围有限的; 狭小的; 狭隘的
分布：狭隘的(59%)，教区的(29%)，地方性的(12%)
→来自拉丁语parochia,来自希腊语paroikia,堂区，教区，来自para-,在旁，在周围，oikos,家，屋子，词源同economy,ecology,diocese.即教区的，引申词义地方观念的。
【记】pa怕，ro肉，chi吃，al：怕吃肉的地方－教区的
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
OF A CHURCH 教堂的
■connected with a parish (= an area which has its own church or priest) 教区的
• parochial boundaries 教区分界线
UK [pə'rəʊ.ki.əl] US [-'roʊ-] adjective
LIMITED 有限的 disapproving
■showing interest only in a narrow range of matters, especially those which directly influence yourself, your town or your country 偏狭的，（尤指）地方观念的
• a parochial view/opinion 狭隘的观点
• Although it's just the local paper, it somehow manages not to be too parochial in its outlook. 尽管这只不过是份地方性报纸，报社却设法使其观点不至于过分狭隘。
adj. 教区的；狭小的；地方范围的
 - poky, incapacious

Word: stench
Front: stench
[stentʃ] (宝 11585/12453 -1)
Vocabulary: stench
(once / 3002 pages)
n
When you pass a dump, you might hold your nose and say, "Oh, I can't handle the stench." A stench is a bad smell.
Stench can also be used metaphorically. If it is discovered that many members of a police force have been taking money from mob bosses so that they can continue their life of crime, a new chief may be brought in to remove the stench of corruption from the office. In either sense, stench is the kind of smell that takes work to get rid of.
WORD COUNT
A Delicately Deodorized Word Bouquet
There's no nice way to put it: as we reach the peak of temperature and humidity levels in much of the northern hemisphere, we all too often find ourselves confronted by things — and yes, people — who smell. And even if we'd like to turn up our nose, for once let's take a giant whiff. Or at least an etymological one.
Words for things that are smelly often have interesting histories, because they are related to taboo subjects. And like those subjects themselves, their power and force emanates from — or, one might even say, is redolent of — their uncivilized nature.
We don't like to talk about it. In American English, using the verb smell without an object, as in "What smells?" is an accusation, implying that something really powerful and unpleasant, something we would rather not dignify by naming, is perfuming the air. (The answer to the question "What smells?" is almost never "Roses.") A similar elision occurs in American English when the verb drink occurs without an object — the dreaded alcohol can only be assumed. An insistence that "I don't drink" is not a protestation that one doesn't imbibe liquids in general or that one takes them intravenously, it is a culturally acceptable expression of one's status as a teetotaler.
Even though we often do know perfectly well what we are smelling, when we do decide to name it, we'll more likely softshoe it with something like funky, rather than naming the odor point blank. And although it may depress you if you are surrounded by funky smells all the time, the two uses of the word funk, "depression" and "bad smell," are not etymologically related. The latter is from dialectical French funkiere, "to smoke." The sense here is that someone has blown smoke on you and you have been "stifle[d] with offensive vapor." And in spite of the modern coolness surrounding funk musicians, there's nothing modern about funk as in skunk. It dates all the way back to the 17th century.
Funk is not the only old word for a bad smell that comes from the idea of smoke; in the peeyoo-smoke category we also find reek. Although primarily used in present-day English as a verb to mean "to have or emit a foul odor," the noun originally meant "smoke from burning material." Although exactly where reek comes from is uncertain, it is probably from a Scandinavian source like Old Norse reykr; this Old Norse root, as a verb reykja "to smoke" provides the name of Iceland's capital Reykjavik (-vik means "bay"). So yes, Reykjavik is the "reeking bay" city, but to locals, this concept connotes wonderfully smoky Icelandic hot springs, not sulphuric eruptions or even just that hotel room that wasn't as smoke free as the hotelier had promised.
Was it ever possible to tell your sweetheart how much you love their stench and still have them be your sweetheart? If you were living in the twelfth century or earlier, maybe. Stench's association with a bad, or even evil, odor has been prevalent since the thirteenth. In fact, this very old word used to be part of a verbal paradigm in previous versions of English that no longer exists in our language.
In Old English, stincan was an intransitive verb that meant "to emit a smell" and stench was the causative form, meaning roughly, "to cause to emit a smell." Other verb pairs that were related to each other in this way include drink/drench (whose ancestral form meant "make drunk" three hundred years before the current word took on its modern day meaning of "wet thoroughly"),  shrink/shrench ("cause to shrink") and sink/sench ("cause to sink"). These causative forms were replaced by transitive forms (as in "You sunk my battleship!"), but while a causative form for drink might come in handy when accusing your friends of daring you too go too far at the bar, and a causative of shrink would be useful when arguing with a dry cleaner, mostly the language gets along fine without these forms.
Speaking of causation, can you cause yourself to smell something or is it just a side effect of breathing? Before you answer, think about the difference between what happens when you sniff. The interesting thing about this word is that, before this came to suggest the action of a bloodhound, sniff described an "expression of scorn or contempt." Possibly related to snyvelen, which also contributes to our word snivel, the contemptuous sniff dates from 1729, and the word is not recorded as a synonym for smell until 1845.
Which can only make one wonder: as we evolved from the age of the chamberpot and semi-seasonal-at-best bathing, how are we only now acquiring words to delicately allude to our nasal suffering?
Want to get more specific about odor in the air? Check out this 10-word vocabulary list: Something Smells: From "Malodorous" to "Mephitic" to "It Reeks!"
WORD FAMILY
stench: stenches
USAGE EXAMPLES
The stench will linger due to the stakes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our ancestors thought that “miasma”—the misty, vaporous stenches that waft from swampland—caused fatal diseases.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Friday and complaints about the stench then flowed into the city’s 911 system.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 臭气，恶臭
vi. 使)发恶臭
vt. 发恶臭
分布：恶臭(65%)，臭气(35%)
→来自古英语 stenc,气味，臭味，香味，来自 Proto-Germanic*stankwiz,气味，来自 steug, 扩大形式于 steu,推，击，释放，词源同 steep,type.后词义仅限于指臭味。
【记】s死，ten十，ch吃：吃了它你就会死十次－粪便－臭气
noun
countable usually singular
■a strong unpleasant smell 恶臭，臭气
• the stench of rotting fish/burning rubber/cigarette smoke 烂鱼的腥臭味／燃烧橡胶的刺鼻气味／难闻的烟味
• an overpowering stench 强烈的恶臭
only singular literary
■a bad effect that follows an unpleasant event or situation and is noticeable for a long time 恶劣影响；不良后果
• For some time after the minister's resignation, the stench of scandal hung over the government. 部长辞职后的一段时间里，丑闻的恶劣影响仍然笼罩着政府。
n. 恶臭； [矿业] 臭气
 - malodor, effluvium
vi. 发恶臭
 - stink of

Word: buckle
Front: buckle
[ˈbʌkl] (托雅宝 8961/11791 -1)
Vocabulary: buckle
(once / 834 pages)
1nv 2vn
A buckle is a clasp or fastener, such as the one on the end of a belt. In the old days, not only belts but also shoes had buckles.
When you fasten your belt buckle, you can say you buckle it — you also buckle your seat belt and buckle a kid's bike helmet under his chin. When the ground buckles during an earthquake, it folds or bends out of shape, and when your knees buckle, you could fall. You might also buckle under pressure or stress. The Latin root word is buccula, "cheek strap of a helmet."
WORD FAMILY
buckle: buckled, buckles, buckling, unbuckle+/unbuckle: unbuckled, unbuckles, unbuckling
USAGE EXAMPLES
SpaceX said accumulation of oxygen in a void or buckle in the liner most likely led to the explosion.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Air Force, the Federal Aviation Administration and industry experts — found “buckles,” or valleys, in the vessels’ inner liners.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it's a system that's beginning to buckle under financial pressure.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用搭扣扣紧; （使）变形，弯曲
n. 搭扣，扣环
时态：buckled, buckling, buckles
分布：弯曲(30%)，皮带扣(22%)，扣住(22%)，扣子(16%)，屈服(8%)，专心做事(2%)
→来自拉丁词bucca, 下巴，脸颊。原指系在下巴上的帽子，搭扣。来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，鼓起来，词源同bucket.
【记】读：叭扣，叭的一声扣上。buckle up扣紧安全带
noun countable
■a piece of metal at one end of a belt or strap, used to fasten the two ends together （皮带等的）搭扣，扣环
['bʌk.l] verb
FASTEN 扣紧
intransitive or transitive
■to fasten or be fastened with a buckle 用扣环扣住
['bʌk.l] verb
BEND 弯曲
intransitive or transitive
■to bend or become bent, often as a result of force, heat or weakness 弯曲，变形
• The intense heat from the fire had caused the factory roof to buckle. 大火的高温烤得工厂的屋顶变了形。
• Both wheels on the bicycle had been badly buckled. 脚踏车的两个车轮都已严重变形。
• I felt faint and my knees began to buckle. 我感到眩晕，腿也站不直了。
['bʌk.l] verb
BE DEFEATED 被打败
buckle under sth
■to be defeated by a difficult situation 屈服于（困境）
• But these were difficult times and a lesser man would have buckled under the strain. 但当时是困难时期，脆弱的人肯定会被压力压垮。
['bʌk.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  buckle down
■to start working hard 开始努力工作
• He'll have to buckle down (to his work) soon if he wants to pass these exams. 如果他想透过这些考试就必须马上下苦功。
vi. 扣住；变弯曲
 - button up
vt. 扣住；使弯曲
 - wind, curve

Word: rave
Front: rave
[reɪv] (雅宝 11575/10860 -2)
Vocabulary: rave
(once / 777 pages)
1vn 2nv
If you rave about a book you just read, you're telling people you think it's great, or you're giving it a rave review.
Rave has two levels, one that implies you're very excited about something and the other that you are too excited, so you seem crazy. While raving about a movie means to talk it up, being a raving lunatic means you are engaging in a lot of crazy talk. When you rave about a performance, you talk enthusiastically about it. Take that enthusiastic talking to the next level, and you might be called raving in the crazy sense.
WORD FAMILY
rave: raved, raver, raves, raving+/raver: ravers/raving: ravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When was the last time you heard anyone raving about a 20-course tasting menu?
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
These guys were not dressed for a New Year’s Eve travellers’ rave in a jungle.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
About 200 people attended an "illegal rave" in a tower of the historic Tyne Bridge.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 胡言乱语，说梦话; 愤怒地说; 咆哮; 狂喜
vt. & vi. 热烈谈论，奋笔疾书
n. 围栏，围板; （人、风、浪的）狂闹，怒吼; 狂欢晚会; <俚>狂热入迷
时态：raved, raving, raves
分布：咆哮(46%)，说胡话(22%)，极力赞扬(18%)，喧闹的宴会(7%)，胡说(7%)
→来自古法语 raver,来自 resver 拼写变体，来自 resver,做白日梦，发疯，游荡，词源同 reverie,rove. 最终词源不详。引申词义狂欢，热烈，热烈赞扬等。
【记】象我们生活在喧嚣的城市的人们，见到river就会rave。
【反】pan（n /v 平底锅；强烈批评）
verb intransitive
SPEAK FOOLISHLY 说蠢话
■to speak in an uncontrolled way, usually because you are upset or angry, or because you are ill （通常指因为心烦、愤怒或生病而）语无伦次，胡言乱语，说胡话
• He's always raving (on) about the government. 他总是语无伦次地大骂政府。
• She was ranting and raving about some imagined insult. 她臆想有人侮辱她便大骂大叫。
[reɪv] verb intransitive
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情的 informal
■to praise something very much 赞不绝口；极力赞扬；热烈吹捧
• She raved about/over the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows. 她对巴黎时装展上展出的服装赞不绝口。
[reɪv] adjective [before noun] informal
■admiring; giving praise 狂热褒评的；大加赞扬的；捧上天的
• The show has received rave reviews/notices in all the papers. 这场演出受到所有报纸的高度评价／吸引了所有报纸的注意并得到热情洋溢的报道。
[reɪv] noun countable mainly UK informal
■an event where young people dance to modern electronic music and sometimes take illegal drugs （年轻人随着现代电子音乐跳舞且有时吸毒的）狂欢派对，锐舞派对
• an all-night/open-air rave 通宵／露天狂欢派对
• rave music 狂欢派对舞曲
n. 咆哮；胡言乱语；热烈赞美
 - roar, riddlemeree
vi. 咆哮；胡言乱语；狂骂
 - gnar, full of bull
vt. 咆哮；语无伦次地说
 - huff and puff, bark

Word: prosthesis
Front: prosthesis
[prɒsˈθi:sɪs] (11558/44850)
Vocabulary: prosthesis
(once / 49454 pages)
n
In medicine, a prosthesis is an artificial body part meant to replace one that's missing. If you were born with only one arm, doctors might fit you with a prosthesis to fill in for your missing arm.
When someone loses a body part because of illness or an accident (or if they're born without a limb or another body part), they sometimes have the option to get a prosthesis. Some prostheses are very simple duplicates of the absent part, while others are extremely complex devices. Some limb prostheses are even "robotic," allowing their users to move them as if they were real. In Greek, prosthesis means "addition."
WORD FAMILY
prosthesis: prostheses, prosthetist+/prosthetist: prosthetists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of the participants were in wheelchairs, others walking with prostheses.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Participants will complete questionnaires three months, six months and a year after getting their prostheses.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Google has become the memory prosthesis for humanity.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 假体（如假肢、假眼或假牙等）; <医>人体修复（术）
分布：假体(90%)，弥补(7%)，添字首音(3%)
→来自希腊语prosthetitas,加上去的，来自pros,向前，朝向，来自pro的扩大形式，-thet,放置，词源同do,thesis,theme.后引申词义假体，假肢。
US ['prɑ:s-] (plural prostheses) specialized
noun countable
■an artificial body part, such as an arm, foot or tooth, which replaces a missing part 假肢，人造义体
n. [基医] 假体；添字首音；弥补；义体
 - atonement

Word: diaspora
Front: diaspora
[daɪ'æsp(ə)rə] (11607/26230)
Vocabulary: diaspora
(once / 41913 pages)
n
A diaspora is a large group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have since moved out to places all over the world.
The term diaspora comes from an ancient Greek word meaning "to scatter about." And that's exactly what the people of a diaspora do — they scatter from their homeland to places across the globe, spreading their culture as they go. The Bible refers to the Diaspora of Jews exiled from Israel by the Babylonians. But the word is now also used more generally to describe any large migration of refugees, language, or culture.
WORD FAMILY
diaspora: diasporas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The French-Moroccan’s images explored themes of diaspora, displacement and identity with unsparing honesty.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
The Lunar New Year is observed across East Asia, as well as by the Chinese diaspora worldwide.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Using money sent from sympathizers back home and in the Eritrean diaspora, they boarded planes to Brazil, and then bought bus tickets north.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 移民社群
分布：散居(84%)，犹太人散居的各个地方(8%)，散居在外的犹太人(8%)
→dia-, 穿过，分开。-spor, 散开，词源同spread, spore. 用于指犹太人大流散。后词义通用化。
US [-pɚ-] formal
noun uncountable
■the spreading of people from one original country to other countries （一国人口向其他国家的）流散，大移居

Word: ingenuity
Front: ingenuity
[ˌɪndʒəˈnju:əti] (六宝 11595/9822 -1)
Vocabulary: ingenuity
(once / 684 pages)
n
Ingenuity is the ability to think creatively about a situation or to solve problems in a clever way. If you want to build a boat out of toothpicks and yarn, you’ll need a lot of ingenuity.
The Latin word for “mind, intellect” is a root of ingenuity, and it takes a bright and fast-thinking intellect to use ingenuity in a situation. Athletes show ingenuity all the time, finding exciting ways to outwit their opponents and to achieve victory. Master criminals rely on their ingenuity in order to evade the law when they are chased. Ingenuity is all about imagination, and an imaginative mind knows that every obstacle can be overcome with a little ingenuity.
WORD FAMILY
ingenuity: ingenuities+/ ingenious: ingeniousest, ingeniously, ingeniousness, ingenuity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finding an answer for Quinlan and children like him relies as much on Chinese expertise as it does American ingenuity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Few movies showcased heroines who showed more guts and ingenuity than many of the men around her.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 足智多谋，心灵手巧; 独创性; 独出心裁，设计新颖; 巧妙，精巧
分布：独创性(54%)，心灵手巧(30%)，精巧(16%)
→来自ingenious,灵巧的，精巧的。
【反】lack of inventiveness（缺乏创造性）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■someone's ability to think of clever new ways of doing something 心灵手巧；足智多谋；独创力
• Drug smugglers constantly use their ingenuity to find new ways of getting drugs into a country. 毒贩总是绞尽脑汁地寻找跨境贩毒的新花招。
n. 心灵手巧，独创性；精巧；精巧的装置
 - originality, elaboration

Word: oregano
Front: oregano
[ˌɒrɪˈgɑ:nəʊ] (11554/37907)
Back: n. 牛至
分布：名词(100%)
→一种薄荷芳香植物，也称marjoram.来自希腊语oreiganos,牛至，来自oros,山，ganos,明亮，艳丽。
US [ɔ:'reg.ə.noʊ] noun uncountable
■a herb whose dried leaves are used in cooking to add flavour, especially in Italian cooking 牛至；奥勒冈草（一种香草，其叶可作调味品，尤用于义大利烹饪）
n. 牛至
 - majoram, origan

Word: boulevard
Front: boulevard
[ˈbu:ləvɑ:d] (11580/15748 -1)
Vocabulary: boulevard
(once / 1071 pages)
n
A boulevard is a type of street. You can get to school by taking the four-lane boulevard, but to avoid all the traffic, you might use the less-traveled side streets.
A boulevard is a street or avenue, especially one that's very wide and lined with trees. Many boulevards have a median strip of grass and sometimes trees. Boulevard strip is the regional term for a patch of grass between a curb and a sidewalk, which in other places is called a tree lawn. The French word boulevard literally means "rampart," or "defensive embankment." Later it was adapted to mean "a promenade beside a rampart."
WORD FAMILY
boulevard: boulevards
USAGE EXAMPLES
To overcome those challenges, the new community plan focuses on the trolley line, particularly the Beyer Boulevard Station one stop north of the border.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Referring to a boulevard that bisects West Hollywood, Mills told me, “I only cross La Cienega if I need money or actors.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Sunday as he tried to cross Conduit Boulevard in East New York.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 大马路; 林荫大道
分布：林荫大道(100%)
→由bulwark改编的变体词。bulwark, 防御，堡垒。原指军事城墙，后指城墙改造的散步道路，然后借指普通的林荫大道，大道。
US ['bʊl.ə.vɑ:rd] (written abbreviation Blvd)
noun countable
■a wide road in a city, usually with trees on each side or along the centre 大道，大街
• We strolled along the boulevard. 我们沿着林荫大道散步。
n. [建] 林荫大道；（美）大马路
 - avenue, blvd

Word: tower
Front: tower
[ˈtaʊə(r)] (中高研四六托雅 2412/2131 -K3)
Vocabulary: tower
(once / 93 pages)
1nv 2n
A tower is a tall structure, with the diameter of its base less than its height. Rapunzel lived in a tower. If you have a super tall friend and you're short, you could say they tower over you.
Towers can come in handy––you can build one and climb to the top, looking out for approaching enemies, or in the case of a fire tower, for early signs of forest fires. One of the most famous towers is the Tower of London, with its long-held reputation as a place of torture and execution. Most people are surprised to learn that only seven people were executed in the Tower.
WORD FAMILY
tower: towered, towering, towers+/tow: towage, towed, tower, towing, tows/ towering: toweringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is truly enormous; from the tall observation tower, the ranks of black panels stretch almost to the horizon.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
The plan will result in towering structures in the wrong places, a paucity of parks, crowded schools and a continuation of nightmare-inducing traffic.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In an adjacent anteroom, there’s a stationary bike, 15-pound weights, a multipurpose fitness tower and a TRX suspension trainer hanging on the door.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 塔，楼塔; 要害地; 〈罕〉（负伤鸟的）笔直向上飞; 〈美〉铁路信号所
vi. 远远高于，远远超过; 高耸，超越
na. “Towers“的变体
时态：towered, towering, towers
分布：塔(93%)，高耸(4%)，高楼(2%)，胜过(1%)
→来自古英语 torr,塔，眺望塔，来自拉丁语 turris,塔楼，城堡，高塔，词源同 turret,tor.引申词 义耸立，高耸。
n.塔v.高耸Mr Brown owns the brown towels in the downtown tower.布朗先生拥有闹市区塔里的棕色毛巾.
US [taʊɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a tall narrow structure, often square or circular, which either forms part of a building or stands alone 塔；建筑物的塔形部分；塔楼，高楼
• the Eiffel tower 艾菲尔铁塔
• There's a clock on the church tower. 教堂塔楼上有一座钟。
• He works in an office tower in downtown San Francisco. 他在旧金山市中心的一座高层办公大楼里工作。
■a tall, usually metal structure used for broadcasting 发射塔（通常为金属结构）
• a radio/transmission tower 无线电发射塔／传送塔
UK [taʊər] US [taʊɚ] noun countable
a tower of strength
■a person who gives you help and support when you are in a difficult situation （危难时的）可依靠的人，支柱
• Polly was a tower of strength to me when I was ill. 我生病时，波莉就是我的精神支柱。
UK [taʊər] US [taʊɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to be very tall or large, usually in a way that makes people feel respect 高耸，矗立
• We turned the corner and there was the cathedral, towering in front of us. 我们转过拐角，便看见大教堂高高耸立在面前。
UK [taʊər] US [taʊɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tower above/over sb/sth
■to be very tall in comparison with someone or something else 比…高；矗立在…上
• Canary Wharf towers above the Dockland area of London. 加那利码头矗立在伦敦码头区。
• Although he's only 12, David towers over his mother. 虽然戴维只有12岁，他已经比妈妈高了。
UK [taʊər] US [taʊɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tower above/over sth
■to be much bigger and more successful than another thing of the same type 比…优秀；远胜于
• One computer manufacturer towers above all the rest. 一家电脑制造商在同行中一枝独秀。
n. [建] 塔；高楼；堡垒
 - minar, turm
vi. 高耸；超越
 - rise, top, rear

Word: touring
Front: touring
['tʊərɪŋ] (雅 11624/10496)
Back: n. 转动，旋转
分布：游客的(50%)，动词tour的现在分词形式.(25%)，游玩(25%)
N-COUNT
巡回访问;巡回演出；巡回比赛
A tour is an organized trip that people such as musicians, politicians, or theatre companies go on to several different places, stopping to meet people or perform.
例：The band are currently on a two-month tour of Europe...乐队目前正在欧洲进行为期两个月的巡回演出。
例：It will be the first official cricket tour of South Africa for 22 years.这将是 22 年来南非首次正式的板球巡回赛。
VERB
作巡回活动(或演出、比赛)
When people such as musicians, politicians, or theatre companies tour, they go on a tour, for example in order to perform or to meet people.
例：A few years ago they toured the country in a roadshow...几年前他们在全国作了巡回演出。
例：He toured for nearly two years and played 500 sell-out shows...他巡回演出了近两年，500场演出场场爆满。
N-COUNT
旅行;游历;观光
A tour is a journey during which you visit several places that interest you.
例：It was week five of my tour of the major cities of Europe.那是我在欧洲主要城市游历的第 5 周。
N-COUNT
（短时间的）游览，参观,观光
A tour is a short trip that you make round a place, for example round a historical building, so that you can look at it.
例：...a guided tour of a ruined Scottish castle.由导游带领游览苏格兰荒废城堡
VERB
在…旅行;游历;游览;参观
If you tour a place, you go on a journey or trip round it.
例：You can also tour the site on modern coaches equipped with videos...您也可以乘坐配有视频设备的现代化长途汽车游览那处遗址。
例：We toured the streets of Milan.我们游览了米兰的街道。
adj. 游览的；游客的
 - visiting
n. 游览；转动
 - wheel, pleasure trip
v. 旅行；作巡回演讲（tour的ing形式）
 - travelling

Word: crutch
Front: crutch
[krʌtʃ] (宝 11589/14340 -1)
Vocabulary: crutch
(once / 1468 pages)
n
A crutch is something you lean on when you’re hurt or weak. It can be a physical crutch you use because you broke your leg, or a friend you depend on a bit too much when you’re having a tough time.
A medical crutch is a device that helps you walk when you’re injured. A psychological crutch helps you when you need it, or think you do. Medical crutches come in pairs and have soft pads that fit under your arms and handles to help you rest your body weight on them. Other types of crutches fit securely around the lower part of your arm. The Old English root word is crycce, "staff," and the figurative meaning dates from about 1600.
WORD FAMILY
crutch: crutches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grimes, no longer on crutches and already pressing eighty pounds with his bad leg, watched from the sidelines.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We talk about the muscles that are being pulled taut across the top of her back as she works to push down on her crutches.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He was disguised in a traffic police uniform, Alfadhli said, and walked with the help of crutches.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 拐杖; 支持物; 精神上的寄托; 胯部
vt. 支撑; 支持
分布：拐杖(71%)，支柱(21%)，支撑(8%)
→词源同crook,crotch.
【记】cr哭，u一个大坑，tch＝teach教：掉进一个大坑里，瘸了，然后我就得教你使用－拐杖
noun
countable usually plural
■a stick with a piece that fits under the arm, which you lean on for support if you have difficulty in walking because of a foot or leg injury （腿脚受伤的人使用的）T形拐杖
• Martin broke his leg playing football and has been on crutches for the past six weeks. 马丁踢足球腿受了伤，六个星期以来一直拄着拐杖。
only singular often disapproving
■something that provides help and support and which you depend on, often too much （常指过度的）依靠，支撑，支柱
• As an atheist, he believes that religion is just an emotional crutch for the insecure. 作为一个无神论者，他认为宗教不过是缺乏信心的人的精神支柱。
countable * crotch
n. 拐杖；支柱；依靠；胯部
 - leg, backbone, stay
vt. 用拐杖支撑；支持
 - encourage, carry, second, back, hand

Word: superstition
Front: superstition
[ˌsu:pəˈstɪʃn] (研六托雅宝 11572/11687 -1)
Vocabulary: superstition
(once / 245 pages)
n
A superstition is a belief or practice that isn’t entirely based on facts or reality, like carrying a rabbit’s foot because you think it brings you good fortune, or believing that Friday the 13th is a day of bad luck.
When you pick up a penny, is it because you’re poor or do you think it’s lucky? If the quickest route makes you walk under a ladder, will you do it even though it’s bad luck? These are two examples of superstitions, irrational decisions we make for some weird reason. The Latin roots of the word translate as “standing over,” like how you freeze standing over a broken mirror. Don’t worry, it’s only a superstition, right?
WORD FAMILY
superstition: superstitions, superstitious +/ superstitious: superstitiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Comments on social media were mixed - while many mocked PIA for indulging in superstition, others defended the slaughter as a practice endorsed by Islam.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Listen to the start of “Superstition,” from Talking Book—among the most recognizable drum intros of all time, built entirely on Wonder’s funky propulsion.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
On the other hand, he says, he’s prone to superstition and the turn of the calendar, and in this instance administration, presents its own opportunity.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 迷信; 迷信行为; <古>邪教
分布：迷信(99%)，没有根据的理论(1%)
→super-,在上，上方，-stit,站，站立，词源同 stand,institute.字面意思即站在上面，用于指俯视 众生的神，引申词义迷信，迷信观念。比较汉语“举头三尺有神明”。
迷信(super+stit站+ion→站在人(理智)之上的东西→迷信)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
迷信(super超过+stit+ion→放在[人理智]之上→迷信)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
n.迷信,迷信的观念习俗He took the lead in breaking down superstitions.他带头破除迷信.
【记】super，stition站－站的位置很高，超自然－迷信
【参】superstructure（n 上层建筑）；supervise（v 监督；管理）vis是“看”的词根
US [-pɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■belief which is not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, but is connected with old ideas about magic, etc. 迷信
• According to superstition, if you walk under a ladder it brings you bad luck. 按照迷信的说法，从梯子下走过会带来厄运。
• I don't believe in the old superstition that the number 13 is unlucky. 我不相信数字13不吉利这样的旧迷信思想。
n. 迷信
 - aberglaube, fetish

Word: encode
Front: encode
[ɪnˈkəʊd] (11568/8299 -1)
Vocabulary: encode
(once / 10785 pages)
v
To encode something is to put it into a coded form. During World War II, countries would encode messages so that if they were intercepted, their enemies couldn't understand them.
There are various reasons why information might need to be written in code: spies and secret agents need to encode messages so that only people who know the code can decipher their meanings. Computer languages are also thought of as codes, and when you convert information into one of these languages, you also encode it — although this modern meaning is usually shortened to the verb code.
WORD FAMILY
encode: encoded, encodes, encoding+/ code: coded, coder, codes, codify, coding, decode, encode, microcode/coder: coders/codification: codifications/ codify: codification, codified, codifies, codifying/coding: codings/ decode: decoded, decoder, decodes, decoding/decoder: decoders/decoding: decodings/microcode: microcodes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The test was meant to study how the cameras encode and process a scene.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The genes encode proteins that facilitate virus entry into human cells, and one that mediates cell aggregation, which allows the virus to spread between cells.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
The four genes encode Yamanaka factors, which are essential for embryonic development, but usually cause tumours when expressed long-term in animals.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. （将文字材料）译成密码; 编码，编制成计算机语言
时态：encoded, encoding, encodes
分布：编码(97%)，译码(3%)
→en-, 进入，使。code, 编码。
US [-'koʊd] verb
transitive often passive
■to change something into a system for sending messages secretly, or to represent complicated information in a simple or short way 把…译成电码（或密码）；把…编码
• Many satellite broadcasts are encoded so that they can only be received by people who have paid to see them. 许多卫星传送的节目都是加密的，只有付费的用户才能收看。
• Some music CDs are now encoded with information about the performers and their music. 有些音乐光碟里加入了包含演奏者及其音乐作品资讯的编码。
intransitive or transitive specialized
■to use a word or phrase in a foreign language in the correct way 正确使用（外语中的词或片语）
• Grammatical information helps learners to encode sentences. 文法资讯可以帮助学习者正确造句。
Compare decode
vt. [计] 编码，译码
 - to code, to decode

Word: groin
Front: groin
[grɔɪn] (11583/10409 -1)
Back: n. 腹股沟; 交叉拱; 穹窿交接线; 堤坝，折流坝
vt. 使成穹窿形; 建堤坝
时态：groined, groining, groins
分布：腹股沟(88%)，交叉拱(6%)，防波堤(2%)，弧棱(2%)，做成穹棱(1%)，造防波堤(1%)
→来自ground的古义，深渊，底部。后指腹股沟。拼写受loin影响。
noun countable
BODY 身体
■the place where your legs meet the front of your body 腹股沟
• He pulled a muscle in his groin. 他腹股沟一处肌肉拉伤。
• a groin strain 大腿根拉伤
■the male sex organs （男子）阴部
• He was kicked in the stomach and the groin. 有人踢了他的肚子和阴部。
[grɔɪn] noun countable
SEA 海
■a groyne
n. [解剖] 腹股沟；交叉拱
 - inguen

Word: fidelity
Front: fidelity
[fɪˈdeləti] (托雅 10174/11829 -1)
Vocabulary: fidelity
(once / 408 pages)
1n 2n
Fidelity is the quality of being faithful or loyal. Dogs are famous for their fidelity.
Fidelity comes from the Latin root fides, which means faith, so fidelity is the state of being faithful. Marital fidelity is faithfulness to your spouse. If you're a journalist, your reports should have fidelity to the facts. Someone without fidelity to a religion or group belief is called an infidel.
WORD FAMILY
fidelity: fidelities, infidelity +/ infidelity: infidelities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"This was an example of fidelity to the Gospel," he said.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
Sessions praised the foot soldiers for their “courage and fidelity” and added: “More needs to be done. We need to join closer hands.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Fidelity paid about $250 million for eMoney, a wealth management software company based in suburban Philadelphia, according to the Philadelphia Inquirer.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 忠诚，忠实; 逼真; 保真度; 尽责
分布：保真度(39%)，忠诚(33%)，忠实(25%)，准确性(3%)
→来自拉丁语fides, 相信，信仰，词源同faith. 引申词义忠诚。
坚贞;忠心(fid+elity表示性质→相信的性质→坚贞)[fid=trust,faith,表示"相信,信念"]
【记】fid相信－因为相信李洪志是“神”，才会“忠诚”
【反】unconventionality（n 异常）－fidelity to custom（忠于习惯）；apostasy（n 脱党；变节）
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
LOYALTY 忠诚 formal
■honest or lasting support, or loyalty, especially to a sexual partner （尤指对性伴侣的）忠诚，忠实，忠贞
• Somerset Maugham's comedy of marital fidelity, 'The Constant Wife' 萨默塞特‧毛姆关于婚姻忠贞的喜剧《装聋作哑》
• How important do you think sexual fidelity is in a marriage? 你认为婚姻中肉体上的忠诚有多重要？
UK [fɪ'del.ə.ti] US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
EXACT COPY 正本 approving
■when you copy the detail and quality of an original, such as a picture, sound or story exactly 准确性；精确性
• The best ink-jet printers can reproduce photographs with amazing fidelity. 最好的喷墨印表机输出的照片效果非常逼真。
n. [电子] [电讯] 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责
 - precision, loyalty

Word: solvent
Front: solvent
[ˈsɒlvənt] (雅宝 11587/6187 -1)
Vocabulary: solvent
(once / 1720 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Solvent’s meaning changes pretty drastically depending on its part of speech. As a noun, solvent is either a certain kind of chemical or an idea that solves a problem. As an adjective, solvent describes someone who's got cash on hand.
A solvent dissolves other chemicals, which is why it's also easy to remember: solvent is a chemical used to dissolve other chemicals. The adjective solvent, on the other hand, comes from a French verb that means "loosen." In these tough economic times, only those banks that are solvent are in a position to loosen the cash flow and start lending money. No cash? You're not solvent.
WORD FAMILY
solvent: insolvent, solvency, solvently, solvents+/ insolvency: insolvencies/ insolvent: insolvency, insolvents/solvability: unsolvability/solvable: insolvable, solvability, unsolvable/ solve: solvable, solved, solvent, solver, solves, solving/solved: unsolved/solvency: solvencies/solver: solvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
My goal is to stay solvent through the Super Bowl, then throw myself at the mercy of the courts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A precautionary recapitalization is a type of state intervention in a struggling bank that is still solvent.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Xylene is a petrochemical used as a solvent in products such as paints and inks.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. [化]溶剂，溶媒; 解释，说明; 解决方法; 使瓦解的东西
adj. 有溶解能力的，可溶解的; 有清还债务能力的; 起瓦解作用的
分布：溶剂(96%)，有偿付能力的(3%)，有溶解力的(1%)
→来自 solve,溶解，解决，-ent,形容词后缀。即可溶解的，用于经济学术语指有偿付能力的， 可清偿的等。
有溶解力的;有还债力的(solv+ent)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
溶剂(solve溶解)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【反】precipitant（n 沉淀剂）
US ['sɑ:l-] adjective
■(especially of companies) having enough money to pay all the money that is owed to other people （尤指公司）有偿付能力的，付得起的
• Many insurance companies are under pressure to increase premiums to stay solvent. 很多保险公司面临压力，要增加保险费以保证偿付能力。
Opposite insolvent
UK ['sɒl.vənt] US ['sɑ:l-] noun countable
■a liquid in which solids will dissolve 溶剂
⇒ See also dissolve
adj. 有偿付能力的； [化学] 有溶解力的
 - resolvent
n. [化学] 溶剂；解决方法
 - impregnant, menstruum

Word: totality
Front: totality
[təʊˈtæləti] (托 11619/12718)
Back: n. 整体; 全部; 总数; 总额
分布：全部(63%)，总数(37%)
→total,全部的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [toʊ'tæl.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the whole of something 全部；整个
• We need to consider this very serious issue in its totality. 我们需要综合考虑这个非常严肃的问题。
n. [天] 全食；全体；总数
 - sum, amount, gross

Word: conscientious
Front: conscientious
[ˌkɒnʃiˈenʃəs] (研托雅宝 11605/11085 -1)
Vocabulary: conscientious
(once / 596 pages)
adj
If someone is conscientious, that person strives to do what's right and to carry out his duties. Conscientious people show care and put in a big effort.
Being conscientious has to do with being careful, thoughtful, and decent. A conscientious doctor will do everything possible to help a patient. A conscientious teacher will spend extra time with students, just to make sure they're learning. A boss wishes every worker could be conscientious: it's a rare and wonderful trait. To be conscientious, you have to be willing to do the right thing even when it's difficult. Unfortunately, many people aren't conscientious.
WORD FAMILY
conscientious: conscientiously, conscientiousness, unconscientious+/ conscience: conscienceless, consciences, conscientious, conscionable/conscienceless: consciencelessly/conscionable: conscionably, unconscionable /unconscientious: unconscientiously, unconscientiousness/ unconscionable: unconscionably
USAGE EXAMPLES
A school that used practice robots was at the cutting edge of conscientious football, but Harriott wasn’t about to deny the brutality.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
I want to push back on that: I’m a conscientious elector or faithful elector.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
In one of hip-hop’s most populist periods, he is a divider — a loyalist to out-of-fashion values and a conscientious objector to dominant trends.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 认真负责的; 本着良心的; 谨慎的; 正大光明
分布：认真的(48%)，负责的(27%)，谨慎的(25%)
有责任心的(con全部+sci+entious多...的→知道关心多→有责任心的)[sci=know,表示"知道"]
a.审慎正直的,认真的,本着良心的The recipe recipient transiently made the conscientious alien client unconscious.烹饪法接受者瞬变使有责任心的外国人客户无意识.
【记】con共同，sci知道，entious多－知道的道理多就会有责任心本着良心做事就是尽责的，小心谨慎的
【反】careless（adj 粗心疏忽的）
US [ˌkɑ:n-] adjective
■putting a lot of effort into your work 认真的；尽心尽责的；一丝不苟的
• a conscientious student 认真的学生
adj. 认真的；尽责的；本着良心的；小心谨慎的
 - serious, earnest

Word: planter
Front: planter
[ˈplɑ:ntə(r)] (11642/16545 -1)
Back: n. 种植园主，大农场主; 种植者，播种机; 殖民者; 培植器皿，花架
分布：种植者(42%)，殖民者(35%)，耕作者(23%)
→来自plant,植物，种植。
US ['plæn.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who grows a particular crop in a hot part of the world （热带的）种植者，栽培者；种植园主
• a tea/rubber planter 茶叶／橡胶种植者
■a large container in which plants are grown for decoration 花盆
■a machine used to plant crops 播种机
• a potato planter 马铃薯播种机
n. [农机] 种植机，播种机；种植者；种植园主；耕作者；殖民者
 - drill, sowing machine

Word: cascade
Front: cascade
[kæˈskeɪd] (托宝 11599/11333 -1)
Vocabulary: cascade
(once / 2083 pages)
nv
Think of a cascade as something suddenly falling, tumbling down in a rush.
The word cascade conjures up a vision of anything falling in a manner resembling a waterfall — think of a cascade of shining hair, a sudden cascade of tears, or the cascade of light during a meteor shower. The idea behind the word is of something falling in a progressive manner or a series of steps. A downward progression of musical themes can be called a cascade, as can the disastrous cascade of the tumbling price of a stock on Wall Street.
WORD FAMILY
cascade: cascaded, cascading
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The park is reached by Pierce County’s Steilacoom Ferry, and is on the regional Cascade Marine Trail network.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Five people were killed by a gunman who opened fire at Burlington’s Cascade Mall on a Friday night in September.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 倾泻; 小瀑布，瀑布状物; 串联
vi. 流注; 大量落下
时态：cascaded, cascading, cascades
分布：瀑布(58%)，串联(40%)，瀑布似地落下(2%)
→来自词根cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 字母c来自形容词后缀-ic的缩略，见altercation.
小瀑布(casc下落+ade)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】cas落＝cad落－一落再落－小瀑布cas＝cast扔，cad无赖：扔无赖应该从小瀑布上往下扔－达到解恨的目的，还摔不死他。
【参】casual（adj 偶然的）；decadent（adj 颓废的）
noun countable
■a small waterfall, often one of a group 小瀑布（常指瀑布群的分支）
■a large amount of something which hangs down 瀑布状物
• A cascade of golden hair fell down his back. 金发如瀑布般披散在他的肩头。
[kæs'keɪd] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fall quickly and in large amounts 如瀑布般下落；大量倾泻
• Coins cascaded from/out of the fruit machine. 大量硬币从老虎机中倾泻而出。
n. 层叠； [水文] 小瀑布；喷流
 - stack-up

Word: charisma
Front: charisma
[kəˈrɪzmə] (托宝 11606/13962 -1)
Vocabulary: charisma
(once / 3786 pages)
n
Frank Sinatra and Elvis Presley had great charisma, or a special personal charm or appeal that gives them influence or authority.
Charisma is often a quality possessed by successful politicians or other leaders, or by other public figures. The corresponding adjective is charismatic, and it applies more to personality than appearance: a handsome and charismatic actor. Charisma was borrowed from a Greek word meaning "favor, gift," from charizesthai "to favor," from charis "grace."
WORD FAMILY
charisma: charismatic +/ charismatic: charismatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their collaboration on this ubiquitous Christmas carol is a low-simmering stock, full of comfort and easy charisma.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
They’ve both got loads of that ineffable “it,” and their charisma is usually more than enough to carry a film.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Strongmen and populist leaders rely on charisma more than expertise and well-thought-out policies.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 魅力; <宗>神授的力量或才能; 超凡的个人魅力; 感召力
分布：魅力(97%)，非凡的领导力(3%)
→来自gher, 鼓励，使渴望，词源同hortatory, Charis(美惠女神)。原为宗教用语，指上帝对人的仁爱，上帝的礼物或奖励。后因19世纪德国社会学家Max Weber的使用使此词赋上了世俗色彩。可能最终来自ker, 心，词源同heart, courage, cordial.
【源】原指：神授予基督教徒的超凡能力（如创造奇迹的能力）
【记】cha＝china中国，ris＝rise升起，ma＝mao毛泽东：中国升起毛泽东－因为他有领袖气质
【参】charismatic（adj 神赐能力的，超凡魅力的）
noun uncountable
■a special power which some people have naturally which makes them able to influence other people and attract their attention and admiration 超凡的个人魅力；吸引力；超凡气质
• On screen Garbo had this great charisma so that you couldn't take your eyes off her. 在银幕上，嘉宝魅力非凡，让人无法将眼光从她身上移开。
• How did a man of so little personal charisma get to be prime minister? 一个如此缺乏个人魅力的人是如何成为总理的呢？
n. 魅力；神授的能力；非凡的领导力
 - grace, fascination

Word: topical
Front: topical
[ˈtɒpɪkl] (11566/11763 -2)
Vocabulary: topical
(once / 6762 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
When some information or news is current and of immediate interest, we say it is topical. This might be a news story or a bit of gossip, or just a subject that is of current importance. If it's "now," it's topical.
There are several meanings of the word topical, but one clue can help you remember them all: that inside word "top." You often hear newscasters refer to the "top" stories of the day—they’re current, and that makes them topical. That same little word "top" can help you remember the medical meaning of topical: pertaining to the surface of the skin. A cream applied to the "top" of your skin is a topical medication. Remember that clue, and you'll be "tops" too.
WORD FAMILY
topical: topicality, topicalize, topically+/ topic: topical, topics/topicality: topicalities/topicalize: topicalization
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prescription treatments might include a topical anti-inflammatory cream or an oral antibiotic for more-severe inflammation and redness.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Dermatologists often prescribe topical cortisonelike drugs to dampen the immune response and ease inflammation.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But it’s topical, and a star-studded, if saccharine, alternative to the Times Square broadcasts.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关时事的，时下关注的; 局部的; 题目的，论题的
分布：局部的(51%)，时事问题的(41%)，谈论的(8%)
US ['tɑ:.pɪ-] adjective
HAPPENING NOW 现在发生的
■of interest at the present time; relating to things which are happening at present 有关时事热点的；时下关注的
• a topical joke 有关时事热点的笑话
• The discussion focused on topical issues in medicine. 该讨论集中在时下人们所关注的医学问题。
UK ['tɒp.ɪ.kəl] US ['tɑ:.pɪ-] adjective
MEDICINE 医学 specialized
■describes a medical product which is used on the outside of the body （医疗产品）局部的，外用的
• This lotion is for topical application only. 这种洗涤剂只能外用。
adj. 局部的；论题的；时事问题的；局部地区的
 - partial, regional, local

Word: violet
Front: violet
[ˈvaɪələt] (研四六宝 14924/13023 -1)
Back: n. 紫罗兰; 蓝紫色，紫罗兰色; 堇菜; 羞怯的人
adj. 蓝紫色的; 紫罗兰色的
分布：紫色(44%)，紫罗兰(40%)，紫色的(16%)
→来自拉丁语 viola,紫罗兰，紫色，来自希腊语ion,紫色，紫色花，词源同iodine.其拼写比较拉丁语villa,来自希腊语oikos,词源同economy.
n.紫罗兰,紫色a.紫色的By the biography, the biologist's playing the violet violin violently violated rules.据传记记载,生物学家猛奏紫罗兰色的小提琴违犯了规矩.
adjective
■having a bluish purple colour 紫罗兰色（的）；蓝紫色（的）
['vaɪə.lət] noun countable
PLANT 植物
countable
■a small plant with pleasant-smelling purple, blue or white flowers 堇菜；紫罗兰；赤莲
['vaɪə.lət] noun countable
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable
■a bluish purple colour 紫罗兰色（的）；蓝紫色（的）
n. 紫罗兰；堇菜；羞怯的人
 - Violet Mist, johnny-jump-up
adj. 紫色的；紫罗兰色的
 - Tyrian purple

Word: occupancy
Front: occupancy
[ˈɒkjəpənsi] (11641/12454 -1)
Vocabulary: occupancy
(once / 3637 pages)
n
Occupancy is the act of owning, renting, or taking possession of a building. When you and your family move into a new house, you are taking occupancy of that home.
You're probably most familiar with the word occupancy from signs in auditoriums and concert halls that state the room's "maximum occupancy." A maximum occupancy of 100 means only 100 people can safely fit inside that room at one time. A single-occupancy hotel room is meant for one person. The opposite of occupancy is vacancy––when no one is in possession. Hotels let you know when they have a vacancy by flashing a sign.
WORD FAMILY
occupancy: occupancies+/ occupant: occupants/ occupation: occupational, occupations/ occupational: occupationally/ occupied: occupiedly, unoccupied/ occupier: occupiers/ occupy: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupied, occupier, occupies, occupying, preoccupy / preoccupation: preoccupations/ preoccupied: preoccupancy, preoccupiedly/ preoccupy: preoccupation, preoccupied, preoccupies, preoccupying
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Chargers-written ballot measure seeking $1 billion in hotel occupancy taxes to help fund a new downtown stadium was soundly defeated on Nov. 8.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A Chargers-written ballot measure seeking $1 billion in hotel occupancy taxes to help fund a new downtown stadium was soundly defeated on Nov. 8.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Twice there were reports of illegal occupancy, but not once in 30 years did code inspectors set foot inside, documents show.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 占有，占领; 居住; [物]占有率; 占据期间
分布：占用(54%)，占有(39%)，居住期间(7%)
→来自occupy,占用，占据，居住。
US ['ɑ:.kjə-] formal
noun uncountable
■someone's use of a room or building for the purposes of living or working 居住；占用；占据
• The family's occupancy of the apartment lasted only six months. 这家人只在这套公寓里住了6个月。
n. 居住； [数] 占有；占用
 - residence, having

Word: foreseeable
Front: foreseeable
[fɔ:ˈsi:əbl] (研 11604/9797 -1)
Vocabulary: foreseeable
(once / 8455 pages)
adj
If you know something’s coming, it’s foreseeable. Foreseeable things can be predicted or guessed ahead of time. If there’s no money for you in the foreseeable future, you better get a job.
The adjective foreseeable most often turns up in the phrase "the foreseeable future," which basically means "as far in the future as I can predict." The meaning is in the word – it’s the “before” you’re “able” to “see.” You might be so mad at your sister that you tell her you won't drive her to school for the foreseeable future — in other words, you can't, at this point, imagine a time when you'll be willing to give her a ride.
WORD FAMILY
foreseeable: foreseeably, unforeseeable+/ foresee: foresaw, foreseeable, foreseed, foreseeing, foreseen, foresees/foreseen: unforeseen /oversee: oversaw, overseed, overseeing, overseen, overseer, oversees/overseer: overseers/ see: foresee, oversee, seeable, seeing, seen, seer, sees/seeable: unseeable/seeing: seeingly, seeings, unseeing/seen: unseen, unseeyn/ seer: seers/unforeseeable: unforeseeably/unseeing: unseeingly/unseen: unseens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sadly, this is likely to be a burgeoning field for the foreseeable future.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
It’ll be there Monday, and for home games for the foreseeable future, in Red Zone lot 31.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The worst foreseeable outcome is that he will succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 可预见到的
分布：可预见到的(100%)
US [fɔ:r-] adjective
■A foreseeable event or situation is one that can be known about or guessed before it happens. （事件或情形）可预见的，可预知的，可预料的
in/for the foreseeable future
■as far into the future as you can imagine or plan for 在可预见的将来
• I'll certainly carry on living here for the foreseeable future. 在可预见的将来我肯定会继续住在这里。
• He asked me if there was any point in the foreseeable future when I'd like to have children. 他问我是否想在不久的将来某个时候要个孩子。
adj. 可预知的；能预测的
 - calculable

Word: braille
Front: braille
[breɪl] (10185/24666)
Back: n. 盲文，（盲人用）布莱叶点字法
vt. 用布莱叶点字法印刷; (B-)布莱叶(Louis, 1809-1852，法国盲人教育家，盲文点写法的设计者)
分布：布莱叶盲文(59%)，点字法(26%)，用点字印刷或书写(5%)，布莱叶(法国盲人教育家(5%)，盲文点写法的设计者)(5%)
→由19世纪法国盲人教师Louis Braille发明并以其名命名的盲人文字。
(also Braille) [breɪl] noun uncountable
■a system of printing for blind people, in which each letter is represented as a raised pattern which can be read by touching with the fingers 盲文点字法；布莱叶盲文
• The book has been printed in six languages and in braille. 这本书用六种语言和盲文印刷。

Word: predominant
Front: predominant
[prɪˈdɒmɪnənt] (研六托雅宝 11628/10173 -1)
Vocabulary: predominant
(once / 1252 pages)
adj
If you’re talking about the most popular or common thing, call it predominant. If the predominant feeling in a neighborhood is that pizza is the best food, the result might be pizzerias being the predominant type of restaurant there.
The adjective predominant describes a person or thing with great power or influence, or something that is prevalent. It comes from the Latin prefix prae-, “before,” and dominari, “to rule.” For example, because so many people like hip-hop, it might be the predominant music heard at a school dance. And that neighborhood with all the pizzerias? Teenagers are the predominant customers, and pepperoni is the predominant topping.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
predominate / predominant
If you win an election by a 3:1 margin, are you the predominant winner or the predominate winner?
Predominate is a verb meaning to prevail, to have greater importance or quantity. You can easily see the root word: dominate, to command over. Its history is uncertain, but it was probably borrowed from Medieval Latin's predominare.
Queens and Staten Island, where single-family homes predominate, actually saw their first upticks in years.
Tomorrow and the day after tomorrow, winds from westerly directions predominate.
They gave an insight into the ethos that predominates at top English clubs.
Predominant is a derivative of predominate and, by extension, dominate. Predominant, however, is an adjective describing something or someone with the greatest importance, influence, or power. It can also be used to describe something that is most common.
The fancy shovels that didn't really cost that much were an example of the predominant theme of Monday's ceremony.
Just as in years past, steel was the predominant material at this year's NAHBS.
Such direct calls for regime change may not represent the predominant public opinion in Syria.
The trick is not to use predominate as an adjective, as some less-observant language users are wont to do. It's often labeled as a needless variant by usage manuals and dictionaries. Garner's Modern American Usage notes that the usage of predominate as an adjective is at stage 3 of language change: "the form is commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage." Your best bet is to reserve predominate as a verb and predominant as an adjective.
WORD FAMILY
predominant: predominantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Guys — the things they like and the ways they behave — are its predominant subjects.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Balinese Hinduism, the predominant religion there, shapes much of the island’s life and culture with thousands of temples and shrines.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The corridors of the lab were lined with newspaper pictures of the black-and-white striped mosquito Aedes aegypti, the predominant carrier of Zika.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 主要的，占主导地位的; 占优势的，卓越的; 有影响的; 特优种
分布：主要的(70%)，占优势的(17%)，显著的(13%)
→来自predominate,占优势，主导。
主要的,支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的)[dom=house,表示"屋,家"]
a.(over)占优势的;主要的,突出的Man has been predominant over other species for a long time.人类长久以来一直在支配其他物种.
US [-'dɑ:.mə-] adjective
■more noticeable or important, or larger in number, than others 占主导地位的；占绝大多数的；显著的
• Research forms the predominant part of my job. 研究是我工作中的重要部分。
• Dancers have a predominant role in this performance. 在这场表演中，舞蹈演员发挥主导作用。
sovereign, predominant, dominant
这组词都有“占优势的，支配其它的”的意思，其区别是：
sovereign: 侧重指其他事物都从属于或低于它的。
predominant: 侧重指影响与新近的优势。
dominant: 强调权威。
adj. 主要的；卓越的； [计] 支配的；有力的；有影响的
 - remarkable, excellent, primary, major, prominent

Word: instructive
Front: instructive
[ɪnˈstrʌktɪv] (托宝 11647/11734 -1)
Vocabulary: instructive
(once / 1048 pages)
adj
Instructive means "useful and informative." Say you're visiting Paris and looking for the Eiffel Tower when a friendly Parisian native helpfully stops to draw you a map. "Merci," you say. "This map is very instructive."
In English, anything that informs or enlightens is instructive, but in the Finnish language there's something called the instructive case, which is a whole separate way of saying "by the means of." An example would be a sentence like "I traveled here by horse," which you would say differently than any other kind of sentence you might utter. You would also be speaking Finnish, so the information would only be instructive to Finns.
WORD FAMILY
instructive: instructively, uninstructive+/ instruct: instructed, instructing, instruction, instructive, instructor, instructs/instructed: uninstructed/ instruction: instructional, instructions / instructor: instructors, instructorship/instructorship: instructorships/uninstructive: uninstructively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Simon & Schuster executives who found Yiannopoulos so marketable might also want to consider the instructive example of his past foray into book writing.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But he is instructive for what he represents.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The women also found their characters instructive in some ways.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有益的; 教育性的
adv. 有益地; 有教益地
n. 教育; 指导性
分布：有益的(81%)，教育性的(11%)，有启发的(8%)
[ɪn'strʌk.tɪv] approving
adjective
■giving useful or interesting information 有启发性的；有教育意义的
adj. 有益的；教育性的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, conducive, advantageous

Word: shawl
Front: shawl
[ʃɔ:l] (宝 11627/12685 -1)
Back: n. 围巾，披肩
分布：披肩(60%)，围巾(32%)，用围巾(5%)，用披肩(3%)
→来自波斯语 shal,披巾，披肩，来自梵语 sati,布，词源同 sari,莎丽。
US [ʃɑ:l] noun countable
■a large piece of cloth worn especially by women or girls over their shoulders and/or head （尤指女用的）披巾，披肩
n. 围巾，长方形披巾
 - muffler, neckcloth

Word: retribution
Front: retribution
[ˌretrɪˈbju:ʃn] (托宝 11613/11728 -1)
Vocabulary: retribution
(once / 1674 pages)
n
Retribution is the act of taking revenge. If you pull a prank on someone, expect retribution.
Retribution comes from the Latin for giving back what's due, either reward or punishment. But when we talk about retribution, we only talk about punishment. The old punishment code of "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth," is an example of retribution. Some people think about large events like tornados or earthquakes as cosmic retribution for human pride. Some synonyms are compensation, recompense, requital.
WORD FAMILY
retribution: retributions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So there is a question about whether there’s a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
"So there is a question about whether there's a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response," he added.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
He added: “So there is a question about whether there’s a political retribution here versus a diplomatic response.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 应得的惩罚，报应; 报复; 报答，报偿
分布：惩罚(36%)，报应(31%)，报复(28%)，报偿(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-trib,给予，词源同 tribute,contribution.引申词义惩罚，报应。
报酬;报复(re回+tribut+ion→给回去→报复,报酬)[tribut=give,表示"给予"]
【记】re反，tribut给予，ion－反过来给予－报应
【参】contribution（n 贡献）；attribute（v 把…归因于；n 属性）
[ˌret.rɪ'bju:.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■deserved and severe punishment 严惩；应得的惩罚；报应
• They fled because they feared retribution for the genocide. 他们逃跑是因为他们害怕会因其犯下的种族灭绝罪行而遭到严惩。
• She was asked whether a civilian government should seek retribution against military officers involved in human rights abuses. 她被问及一个平民政府是否应该严惩涉及践踏人权罪行的军官。
• Many saw her death as divine retribution (= punishment by God) for her crimes. 很多人看来，她的死罪有应得，是天谴。
n. 报应；惩罚；报答；报偿
 - punishment, rod, payment, discipline, reward

Word: budding
Front: budding
[ˈbʌdɪŋ] (11614/14503 -1)
Vocabulary: budding
(once / 1832 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that is described as budding is growing brand new buds. A budding rose bush is getting ready to burst into bloom. If you are in a budding romance, it is also just about to burst into a new phase of excitement. Ooh la la.
When a tree or flower is budding, it's showing signs of the branches and blossoms that will soon appear. The same is true of a person who's described as budding — if you're a budding filmmaker, you're new at making movies but already show great promise. Budding most likely comes from the Old French boter, "push forward or thrust."
WORD FAMILY
budding: buddings+/ bud: budded, budding, buds, disbud/disbud: disbudded, disbudding
USAGE EXAMPLES
That year, her first Oscars season, Ms. Bening playfully deflected personal questions about her budding romance and attended the ceremony with her parents.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Like winning the Stanley Cup,” the budding Canadian star said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But the budding Rush Limbaugh underwent a stunning political conversion a few years later, switching from conservative talk-show host to a fiery liberal one.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 正发芽的; 开始发育的; 初露头角的; 新获得成功的
n. 发芽，含苞; [植]芽接（法），（出）芽（繁）殖
v. “bud”的现在分词
分布：发芽(49%)，萌芽的(23%)，萌发(20%)，动词bud的现在分词.(4%)，新进的(4%)
adjective [before noun]
■beginning to develop or show signs of future success in a particular area 开始发展的；崭露头角的
• While still at school she was clearly a budding genius. 还在学校时她就已崭露头角，凸显出她的天分。
adj. 萌芽的；发育期的
 - sprouted, pubertal
n. 发芽
 - germination, budbreak

Word: secretary-general

Word: optimize
Front: optimize
[ˈɒptɪmaɪz] (研 11612/25947)
Vocabulary: optimize
(once / 16103 pages)
v
Optimize means to make the best possible use of something. If you optimize your home storage capacity, you clean and organize your closets and drawers to be able to fit the most in.
Before the advent of the Internet, the word optimize was mostly used to describe the act of being really positive about the world, or being an optimist. But today one can scarcely hear the word without thinking about how to optimize a website or make it as efficient as possible. SEO, standing for "search engine optimization," refers to this process of optimizing a website to make it appear more frequently in web searches.
WORD FAMILY
optimize: optimization, optimized, optimizes, optimizing+/optimise: optimisation, optimises, optimising/ optimum: optima, optimise, optimize
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They optimize friendships, rather than try to maximize them.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
If utilities build chargers and optimize incentives then it might mean a 1.9% increase in peak power demand.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
In the long term, that might be technology that helps streams of self-driving cars optimize to hit all the greens and drastically reduce congestion.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使最优化，使尽可能有效
时态：optimized, optimizing, optimizes
分布：使完善(67%)，使优化(33%)
→来自optimum,最优，最佳，-ize,使。
US ['ɑ:p.tə-] verb transitive
■to make something as good as possible 使最优化；优化；完善
• We need to optimize our use of the existing technology. 我们需要充分利用现有技术。

Word: fiddle
Front: fiddle
[ˈfɪdl] (11650/8776 -1)
Vocabulary: fiddle
(once / 591 pages)
1nv 2v 3v 4v
A fiddle is the same thing as a violin. The instrument, which has strings and is played with a bow, is more likely to be called a fiddle when it's used to play traditional or folk tunes, rather than classical music.
Fiddle music is typically written for dancing, and it comes from backgrounds as diverse as Scotland, Eastern Europe, and the Cajun and Zydeco traditions from Louisiana. To play the fiddle is to fiddle, and when you mess or play around with something, you also fiddle: "Do you have to fiddle with your pen while I'm talking?" Someone who's "fit as a fiddle" is in perfect health.
WORD FAMILY
fiddle: fiddled, fiddler, fiddles, fiddling+/fiddler: fiddlers/fiddling: fiddlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the perfect Garcon moment: a quotidian announcement in which he played second fiddle to someone else.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Some see Moscow playing Trump like a fiddle.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Mutharika was "fit as a fiddle" and holding important meetings in the US, his spokesman insisted.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小提琴; [航]桌面柜; 〈非〉胡扯，无聊; 欺诈，欺骗行为
vi. 拉小提琴; 神经质地摆弄手指或手; 瞎搞，胡混; 干预，篡改
vt. 用提琴演奏（乐曲）; 欺诈，欺骗; 伪造
时态：fiddled, fiddling, fiddles
分布：小提琴(65%)，摆弄(15%)，拉小提琴(9%)，浪费(7%)，骗局(4%)
→词源有争议。来自拉丁语vitula, 管弦乐器，词源同violin, 来自罗马欢乐和胜利女神Vitula.引申词义不停摆弄。
verb
CHEAT 欺骗
transitive informal
■to act dishonestly in order to get something for yourself, or to change something dishonestly, especially to your advantage （尤指为个人利益而）用诡计获得，篡改，伪造
• She managed to fiddle a free trip to America. 她想办法骗取了一趟去美国的免费旅行。
• He had been fiddling the accounts/books/finances for years. 多年来他一直在伪造账目／账簿／财务状况。
['fɪd.l] verb
MOVE ABOUT 四处移动
intransitive
■to move things about or touch things with no particular purpose 无目的地拨弄（或摆弄）
• Put your papers down and stop fiddling! 把档放下，不要乱摆弄！
['fɪd.l] verb
INSTRUMENT 乐器
intransitive informal
■to play the violin 拉小提琴
['fɪd.l] verb
fiddle while Rome burns
■to enjoy yourself or continue working as normal and not give any attention to something important and unpleasant that is happening that you should be taking action to prevent 不管不问；漠不关心（对应当采取行动阻止的重要或不愉快事情不予关心，继续如常玩乐工作）
• Environmentalists claimed governments were fiddling while Rome burned. 环保主义者称政府大事不管管小事。
['fɪd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fiddle about/around disapproving
■to spend time doing small things which are not important or necessary 瞎混；虚度光阴
• I was just fiddling around in the kitchen. 我只是在厨房随便做点甚么打发时间。
['fɪd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fiddle (about/around) with sth
■to make small changes to something to try to make it work 拨弄；摆弄
• Stop fiddling about with your hair - it looks fine. 别再摆弄你的头发了，看起来挺好的。
• Someone's been fiddling around with my computer! 有人动过我的电脑！
■to touch or move things with your fingers because you are nervous or bored （因紧张或无聊而）用手指拨弄（或摆弄）
• He was just fiddling around with the things on his desk. 他只是摆弄着他桌子上的东西。
['fɪd.l] noun
INSTRUMENT 乐器
countable informal
■a violin 小提琴
• to play the fiddle 拉小提琴
['fɪd.l] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
only singular UK informal
■something difficult to do, especially because the things involved are small or need careful use of the fingers （需要用手的）精细工作，难事
• I find threading a needle a terrible fiddle. 我觉得穿针是件难事。
• [+ to infinitive] It's a real fiddle to assemble because of all the small parts. 这些零件太小，装配起来确实是件难事。
['fɪd.l] noun
DISHONEST BEHAVIOUR 不诚实的行为
countable or uncountable mainly UK informal
■something dishonest which someone does in order to get money or other advantages （为获得金钱或其他利益而做）不诚实的行为
• a tax fiddle 偷税行为
• Everyone suspected they were on the fiddle (= cheating). 大家都怀疑他们在搞欺诈。
n. 小提琴
 - violin
vi. 瞎搞；拉小提琴
 - play the violin
vt. 虚度时光；拉小提琴
 - play the violin

Word: apprehend
Front: apprehend
[ˌæprɪˈhend] (研托宝 11622/13950 -1)
Vocabulary: apprehend
(once / 157 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To apprehend is to capture or arrest, as when the police try to apprehend criminals and bring them to justice. You also apprehend a concept when you understand it, grasping or capturing its meaning.
The verb apprehend has remained much the same since the original Latin, both in form and meaning. It comes from apprehendere "to grasp or seize." The word came to refer to learning — "grasping or seizing with the mind" — but then came to mean "seize in the name of the law" or "arrest" around the 1540s, a meaning that remains to this day. The word can also be used to suggest an anxious feeling about something about to happen.
WORD FAMILY
apprehend: apprehended, apprehender, apprehending, apprehends, apprehensible, apprehension, apprehensive, misapprehend +/apprehender: apprehenders/apprehensible: apprehensibly/ apprehension: apprehensions/ apprehensive: apprehensively, apprehensiveness, unapprehensive/ misapprehend: misapprehended, misapprehending, misapprehends, misapprehension / misapprehension: misapprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homeland Security says the number of Central Americans recently apprehended on the Mexico border once again surpassed the number of Mexicans who were stopped.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It is unclear where Asbury was apprehended or where exactly Rodgers was found.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Airport ground crews followed the man, who was apprehended at the airport’s fire station.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 理解; 逮捕，拘押; 忧虑
vi. 理解; 担心
时态：apprehended, apprehending, apprehends
分布：理解(50%)，逮捕(38%)，忧虑(9%)，拘押(3%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. 前缀pre, 在前。词根hend, 得到，抓住，词源同get.
理解;忧虑;逮捕(ap+prehend→[被]抓住→逮捕)[prehens,prehend=catch表示"抓住"]
【记】ap朝向，prehend抓住－抓住不放－逮捕
【参】prehensile（adj 适于抓住的）；comprehensive（adj 广泛的）
[ˌæp.rɪ'hend] formal
verb transitive
CATCH 抓住 formal
■to catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law 逮捕；拘捕
• The police have finally apprehended the killer. 警方终于抓住了那个凶手。
[ˌæp.rɪ'hend] formal
verb transitive
UNDERSTAND 理解 formal
■to understand something 领会；理解；懂得
grasp, appreciate, understand, comprehend, apprehend
这组词都有“理解”的意思，其区别是：
grasp: 从本义抓紧、抓住，引申作“理解、掌握”。
appreciate: 语气较弱，指对某事物或意义有充分的理解。着重有能力领域或觉察。
understand: 一般用词，很常用，指对事实或意义不仅知道得很清楚。
comprehend: 较正式用词，指对较复杂的事物能透彻理解其意义。
apprehend: 指知道某事物或某观念的大概意义，但未能理解其内涵意义，暗含一知半解意味。
vt. 理解；逮捕；忧虑
 - see, absorb, read, seize
vi. 理解；担心
 - worry, cotton on

Word: stony
Front: stony
[ˈstəʊni] (四六托 11616/11697 -1)
Vocabulary: stony
(once / 762 pages)
adj
Someone who's stony shows little emotion or sympathy for other people. As your math teacher hands back last week's geometry quiz, her stony face won't seem like a very good sign.
A face with a stony expression is so lacking in feeling that it is "like stone." The other way to use the adjective stony is to mean "with lots of stones," like when you talk about a stony blueberry field in Maine or a stony path leading up to a lush garden. Stony comes from the Old English stanig, with its root of stan, "rock or gem."
WORD FAMILY
stony: stonier, stoniest, stonily+/stone: stoned, stoneless, stonelike, stoner, stones, stoning, stony /stoner: stoners/stoning: stonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Sachem High School East student was transported to Stony Brook University Hospital for treatment of hip fractures.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Two FBI agents approached her, their faces stony.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Stony Brook University began a series of training sessions this week with school officials using dummy body parts.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 多石头的; 冷酷的，无情的; 〈俚〉破产的，不名一文的
级别：stonier, stoniest
分布：多石的(48%)，石头的(29%)，铁石心肠的(23%)
→stone,石头，-y,形容词后缀。 stooge 奴才，走狗
US ['stoʊ-] adjective
GROUND 地面
■describes ground that contains a lot of stones （地面）布满石头的，多石的
• The island has several small stony beaches which are usually deserted. 岛上有几小片乱石海滩，一般没有人去。
UK ['stəʊ.ni] US ['stoʊ-] adjective
PERSON 人
■A stony expression or way of behaving is one which shows no sympathy or kindness （表情或态度）冷冰冰的，冷漠的
• She gave me a stony glare as I walked into the room. 我走进房间时，她冷冷地看了我一眼。
• Most of her comments were met with a stony silence. 她的大多数评论都没有引起任何回响。
UK ['stəʊ.ni] US ['stoʊ-] adjective
fall on stony ground
■If a request or a piece of advice falls on stony ground, it is ignored or unpopular. （要求或建议）受到忽视，不受欢迎
• Her speech about the need for a peaceful solution to the crisis fell on stony ground. 她就和平解决危机的必要性所作的演说如石沉大海，毫无回响。
adj. 无情的；多石的；石头的
 - relentless, ruthless

Word: unheard
Front: unheard
[ʌnˈhɜ:d] (11640/13738)
Back: adj. 没有听到的，不予倾听的; <古>前所未闻的
分布：听不到的(78%)，未被注意的(22%)
US [-'hɝ:d] adjective
go unheard
■to not be listened to or considered 未被倾听；未被理会
• We complained but as usual our voices went unheard. 我们投诉了，但像往常一样没人理会。

Word: solidly
Front: solidly
[ˈsɒlɪdli] (11638/13681)
Back: adv. 坚固地; 牢靠地; 团结一致地; 整整地
分布：坚硬地(75%)，稳固地(25%)
US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
HARD 坚硬的
■strongly and firmly 坚固地，牢固地
• The house seems very solidly built. 这栋房子似乎建得很坚固。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd.li] US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
CONTINUOUS 持续的
■steadily or continuously 稳定地，连续地
• The economy has been growing solidly for five years now. 目前经济已持续五年稳定增长。
UK ['sɒl.ɪd.li] US ['sɑ:.lɪd-] adverb
CERTAINLY 确定地
■agreeing with or supporting someone completely 一致地，团结地（完全同意或支持某人）
• My colleagues are solidly behind me on this issue. 在这个问题上，我的同事很支援我。
adv. 坚固地；坚硬地；团结一致地
 - firmly, tightly

Word: worrisome
Front: worrisome
[ˈwʌrisəm] (11637/46298)
Back: adj. 令人不安的
分布：令人烦恼的(57%)，令人忧虑的(43%)
US ['wɝ:-] US formal or old-fashioned
adjective
■worrying 令人着急的；令人担忧的
• Alcohol and tobacco consumption by young people is especially worrisome because habits formed early are likely to persist. 年轻人的吸烟饮酒问题特别令人担心，因为那些早期形成的习惯很可能持续下去。
adj. 令人烦恼的，令人不安的；麻烦的
 - tight, vexatious

Word: fennel
Front: fennel
[ˈfenl] (11623/25457 -1)
Back: n. <植>茴香; 小茴香
分布：茴香(100%)
→来自拉丁语fenum, 草，干草。进一步来自fecund, 多产，繁盛，因草的茁壮的生产力而得名。
noun uncountable
■a plant with a large rounded base that is eaten as a vegetable and small pale leaves that are used as a herb 茴香

Word: tyrant
Front: tyrant
[ˈtaɪrənt] (六宝 11629/12082 -1)
Vocabulary: tyrant
(once / 358 pages)
n
If you accuse your parents of being tyrants, you are saying they abuse their control of you––they are cruel, overly restrictive of your freedoms, and unfair. A tyrant is a ruler who is cruel and unjust.
Here's an idea for a game: list all the tyrants in history and vote for the worst tyrant of all time. Don't limit yourself to 20th or 21st century ones like Hitler and Stalin and Saddam Hussein. Maybe put Attila the Hun on your list. You could also name a few minor tyrants in your life, such as your boss or another person with unreasonable demands.
WORD FAMILY
tyrant: tyrannise, tyrannize, tyrannous, tyrants+/tyrannise: tyrannised, tyrannises, tyrannising/tyrannize: tyrannized, tyrannizes, tyrannizing/tyrannous: tyrannously
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Twitter, Douthat wrote, “I’d rather risk defeat at my enemies’ hands than turn my own cause over to a incompetent tyrant.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Great Ambition unchecked by principle . . . is an unruly Tyrant.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Riboud regarded his tutor as both a teacher and a tyrant, but learned much about the art of good photography.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 专制统治者，暴君; （古希腊的）僭主; 专横的人
分布：暴君(97%)，专横的人(2%)，专制的君主(1%)
→来自拉丁语 tyrannus,国君，暴君，统治者，来自希腊语 tyrannos,国君，暴君，统治者。
暴君(来自拉丁文tyrannus暴君)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
US ['taɪ-] noun countable
■a ruler who has unlimited power over other people, and uses it unfairly and cruelly 暴君；暴虐的人；专横的人
• Tamir, one of several sons of the exiled ruler, vowed he would liberate his country from the tyrant. 泰咪尔是被放逐的几个君主儿子中的一个，他发誓要把他的国家从暴君手中解放出来。
• figurative humorous Overnight my boss seems to have turned into a tyrant. 我的老板似乎一夜之间变成了一个暴君。
n. 暴君
 - Pharaoh, Caesar

Word: commotion
Front: commotion
[kəˈməʊʃn] (雅宝 11651/14484 -1)
Vocabulary: commotion
(once / 984 pages)
n
A commotion is a noisy disturbance. If you're trying to quietly concentrate on reading this, you wouldn't want the person next to you to cause a commotion, or it would distract you.
Commotion, which comes from the Middle French word commocion, means "violent motion, agitation." It can be a disorderly outburst or disruption, like someone yelling in the street at night, or five people arguing about someone talking on a cellphone while a play is being performed in front of them. Commotion can also describe out-of-control movement, like people pushing and shoving to get to the front row of a concert.
WORD FAMILY
commotion: commotions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The few party people who hadn’t noticed the commotion now watched.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Police were called to the home by a neighbor who heard the commotion, the report said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
"There was no more concluding prayers as there was a commotion," Virador said.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱，喧闹; 暴动，骚动
分布：骚动(58%)，混乱(29%)，喧闹(13%)
→com-, 强调。-mot, 移动，词源同move, motion.
骚动,动乱(com共同+mot+ion→大家一起动→动乱)[mot=move,表示"动"]
【记】com共同，motion（n 运动）－共同运动－动乱
【参】motivation（n 动机）；promotion（n 提升，增加）
【反】tranquillity（n 宁静）＝tranquility
US [-'moʊ-] noun [S or U]
■a sudden short period of noise, confusion or excited movement 喧闹；喧嚣；混乱；骚动
• His arrival caused quite a commotion. 他的到来引起了不少的骚动。
• He looked up to see what all the commotion was about. 他抬头看吵吵嚷嚷的是怎么回事。
n. 骚动；暴乱
 - combustion, turmoil

Word: decry
Front: decry
[dɪˈkraɪ] (托宝 11621/19796)
Vocabulary: decry
(once / 3637 pages)
v
When you dye your hair pink and orange, your mother decries your act as a horror and bursts into tears. She criticizes your choice of colors, stating that pink and purple would have looked better.
You might decry learning French, declaring it as a waste of time. Yet many English words come from French. When the French conquered England in 1066, they brought with them their language as well as their social system. Because French was spoken mostly by the ruling class, many of the loan words are formal. Decry comes from the Old French descrier, to cry out or announce. When you decry something, you simultaneously condemn it and discredit it, a formal act.
WORD FAMILY
decry: decried, decries, decrying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obstacles on the internet, just like barriers to trade, are easy to decry but hard to prevent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
It is a mistake to always decry this kind of personalisation as a negative.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Teachers and literacy organizations often decry such moves as censorship that erase important literature from curriculums.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. <正>公开反对，谴责
时态：decried, decrying, decries
分布：责难(64%)，诽谤(36%)
→de-, 向下，强调。cry, 呼叫，呼喊。引申义呼吁，强烈谴责。
【记】de，cry（喊）－向下喊－贬低；注意不要和descry（看见，望到）相混
formal
verb transitive
■to criticize something as bad, with no value or not necessary; to condemn 斥责，谴责，抨击
• She decried the appalling state of the British film industry. 她对英国电影业糟糕的现状进行了抨击。
vt. 责难，谴责；诽谤
 - wrong, impugn

Word: subjectivity
Front: subjectivity
[ˌsʌbdʒek'tɪvətɪ] (11644/10816)
Vocabulary: subjectivity
(once / 21258 pages)
n
Subjectivity refers to how someone’s judgment is shaped by personal opinions and feelings instead of outside influences. Subjectivity is partially responsible for why one person loves an abstract painting while another person hates it.
Since a subject is a person, subjectivity refers to how a person's own uniqueness influences their perceptions. For example, if you have six sisters, that might influence how you view women or families — it's part of your subjectivity. Subjectivity is a form of bias and also individuality. Subjectivity is the opposite of objectivity, which is based purely on the facts and isn't personal. We expect judges to put aside their subjectivity and make decisions based on objectivity.
WORD FAMILY
subjectivity: subjectivities+/ subjective: nonsubjective, subjectively, subjectiveness, subjectivism, subjectivity /subjectivism: subjectivisms, subjectivist/subjectivist: subjectivists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of this is subjectivity, sure, but I would argue it’s also an extension of our political and cultural bubbles.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
This subjectivity helps explain why the art market is unlike any other, experts say, despite frequent attempts to tie it to other asset classes.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Recently, a number of novels by women have investigated the nature of female subjectivity.
New York Times(Oct 17, 2016)
Back: n. 主观性，主观
分布：主观性(97%)，主观主义(3%)
主观性(subject主观+ivity)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
ADJ-GRADED
主观的;非客观的
Something that is subjective is based on personal opinions and feelings rather than on facts.
例：We know that taste in art is a subjective matter...我们知道艺术品位因人而异。
例：The way they interpreted their past was highly subjective.他们解释其过去的方式太主观。

Word: low-level
Front: low-level
[ləʊ 'levl] None
Vocabulary: low-level
(once / 11036 pages)
adj
Someone who's described as being low-level has very little authority in their job or position. A low-level employee at the F.B.I. might be the person who answers the phone, or who cleans people's offices at the end of the day.
A low-level police officer's job might involve giving speeding tickets, rather than investigating murders, and a low-level librarian might be stuck shelving books, instead of ordering new ones or archiving historical manuscripts. Another meaning of low-level is physically low, or at a low altitude: "I feel like I could almost touch that low-level cloud."
WORD FAMILY
low-level: lowest-level
USAGE EXAMPLES
The D.C. jail houses inmates awaiting trial or convicted of low-level offenses.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Police said he was a low-level hacker rather than an organizer.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Kathleen “KT” McFarland started her career as a low-level staffer in the Situation Room of Nixon’s White House and rose under the tutelage of Kissinger.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 低水平的
分布：低水平的(75%)，低位的(25%)

Word: receiving
Front: receiving
[rɪ'si:vɪŋ] (11631/11144)
Back: n. 接受; 收款，收货
adj. 接受的
v. 收到( receive的现在分词 ); 接到; 接纳; 接待
分布：接收(94%)，买卖赃物(5%)，动词receive的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
收到;接到;得到
When you receive something, you get it after someone gives it to you or sends it to you.
例：They will receive their awards at a ceremony in Stockholm...他们会在斯德哥尔摩举行的仪式上接受颁奖。
例：I received your letter of November 7.我收到了你11月7日的来信。
VERB
经受；受到
You can use receive to say that certain kinds of thing happen to someone. For example if they are injured, you can say that they received an injury.
例：He received more of the blame than anyone when the plan failed to work...计划失败后，他受到了比别人更多的指责。
例：She was suffering from whiplash injuries received in a car crash.她在车祸中颈部扭伤。
VERB
接见；迎接；招待
When you receive a visitor or a guest, you greet them.
例：The following evening the duchess was again receiving guests...第二天晚上公爵夫人又在会客。
例：The shop assistant received me indifferently while leaning on a counter.商店售货员靠在柜台上漫不经心地招呼我。
VERB
对…作出反应;回应
If you say that something is received in a particular way, you mean that people react to it in that way.
例：The resolution had been received with great disappointment within the PLO...巴解组织内部对决议表现出极大失望。
例：The proposals have been well received by many deputies.这些提议在许多代表中反响不错。
VERB
接收（信号）
When a radio or television receives signals that are being transmitted, it picks them up and converts them into sound or pictures.
例：The reception was a little faint but clear enough for him to receive the signal.接收到的信号有点弱，但对他来说已够清晰，可以接收到。
VERB
购买，窝藏（赃物）
If someone receives stolen goods, they buy or are given things that have been stolen.
例：He went to prison for receiving stolen scrap iron...他因为收购偷来的废铁而入狱。
例：He received the shoes when stolen, and then passed them on to the men who would sell them.他接收偷盗的鞋子，然后把它们再转给那些销赃者。
PHRASE
经历（不愉快的事情）；成为受害者
If you are on the receiving end or at the receiving end of something unpleasant, you are the person that it happens to.
例：You saw hate in their eyes and you were on the receiving end of that hate...你在他们的眼睛里看到仇恨，而且你就是他们仇恨的对象。
例：Bullying can indeed be distressing and frightening for those at the receiving end.受到欺凌的人会真实地感到痛苦和害怕。
n. 接受
 - acceptance, adoption

Word: bounce
Front: bounce
[baʊns] (高研四六托雅 3792/4778 -2)
Vocabulary: bounce
(once / 604 pages)
1vn 2v 3v
Bounce is a word for an up and down movement or recovery — like a ball's bounce on the pavement or the stock market's rise after a crash.
Bounce can be a noun or a verb. A basketball player bounces a ball on the floor and it springs back into her hand. Trampolines have a lot of bounce in them; that's why they are fun to jump on. Good dance music makes you want to bounce up and down. The phrase “bounce back” describes how you might recover after a bad situation. Did you slip and suffer a painful bounce on the floor? Some hot chocolate will help you "bounce back."
WORD FAMILY
bounce: bounced, bouncer, bounces, bouncing, bouncy+/bouncer: bouncers/bouncing: bouncingest, bouncingly, bouncings/bouncy: bouncier, bounciest, bouncily, bounciness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In central Mexico’s Mezquital Valley, new pick-up trucks bounce along unpaved roads and U.S.-style houses are springing up alongside cornfields.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The sounds of soft, expert cork pops bounce percussively off every wall.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I really believe in pedicures because I bounce around on cement floors for hours a week.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 跳，反弹; 急促地动; 拒付，退票
vt. 弹跳; 使弹起; （使）上下晃动
n. 弹跳; 弹性; 活力
时态：bounced, bouncing, bounces
分布：弹跳(36%)，弹起(19%)，活力(13%)，弹力(12%)，使弹起(8%)，解雇(5%)，退票(3%)，驱逐(3%)，重新恢复(1%)
→拟声词。
n./vi.(球)弹起,弹回;弹起,跳起;n.弹力The counselor bounced up to denounce discount.顾问上升蹦跳指责折扣.
verb
JUMP 跳
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move up or away after hitting a surface （使）弹起，（使）反弹；反射；跳跃
• The ball bounced off the post and into the net. 球击中门柱弹进了球网。
• She bounced the ball quickly. 她快速地拍球。
• Her bag bounced (= moved up and down) against her side as she walked. 她走起路来身旁的袋子一颠一颠的。
• The children had broken the bed by bouncing (= jumping up and down) on it. 孩子们老在床上蹦，把床蹦坏了。
• He bounced the baby (= lifted it up and down) on his knee. 他把婴儿放在膝上颠着玩。
• figurative Television pictures from all over the world are bounced off satellites (= are sent to and returned from). 世界各地的电视画面都透过卫星转播。
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move in an energetic and enthusiastic manner （人）蹦蹦跳跳
• Tom bounced in , smiling broadly. 汤姆蹦蹦跳跳地进来了，脸上笑开了花。
[baʊnts] verb
NOT PAY 拒付
intransitive or transitive informal
■to (cause a cheque to) not be paid or accepted by a bank because there is no money in the account （因帐上存款不敷）（使支票）拒付，退回
• I had to pay a penalty fee when my cheque bounced. 由于支票被银行拒付，我得付一笔罚款。
• To my horror the bank bounced the cheque. 令我震惊的是，银行拒付了支票。
[baʊnts] verb
EMAIL 电子邮件
intransitive or transitive
■If an email that you send bounces or is bounced, it comes back to you because the address is wrong or there is a computer problem. （电子邮件）被退回，发送（电子邮件）失败
[baʊnts] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bounce back
■to start to be successful again after a difficult period, for example after experiencing failure, loss of confidence, illness or unhappiness 恢复；恢复元气；重振旗鼓
• Stock prices bounced back after a steep plunge earlier this week. 股票价格在本周较早时急剧下跌后又回弹了。
• Children often seem to bounce back from illness more quickly than adults do. 孩子通常比成人病后恢复得更快。
[baʊnts] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bounce sb into sth UK
■to force somebody to do something that they do not want to do, usually relating to politics （通常指在政治上）逼（某人）（做不愿做的事）
• [+ -ing verb] The opposition hopes to bounce the Prime Minister into calling an early election. 反对党希望迫使首相提前举行大选。
[baʊnts] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bounce sth off sb
■If you bounce something off someone, you tell someone about an idea or plan in order to find out what they think of it 试探（某人）对（某事）的看法
• Can I bounce a couple of ideas off you? 我可以跟你交流几个想法吗？
[baʊnts] noun countable or uncountable
■when something bounces, or the quality that makes something able to bounce 弹，反弹；弹力，弹性
• In tennis you must hit the ball before its second bounce. 打网球时必须在球第二次落地之前出手击打。
• figurative This shampoo will give your hair bounce (= make it look attractively thick) and shine. 这种洗发精会使头发富有弹性和光泽。
[baʊnts] noun countable or uncountable
on the bounce informal
■one after another with nothing else between 接连，连续
• The team has had five wins on the bounce. 这支队伍已获得了五连胜。
n. 跳；弹力；活力
 - energy, vitality, spring, elasticity, vigor
vi. 弹跳；弹起，反跳；弹回
 - rebound, resile

Word: sinking
Front: sinking
['sɪŋkɪŋ] (11636/14866)
Back: n. 沉没
v. （使）下沉， （使）沉没( sink的现在分词 )
分布：下沉(71%)，下沉的(22%)，凹陷(4%)，虚脱感(2%)，动词sink的现在分词形式.(1%)
ADJ
(情绪突然)颓丧的，抑郁的，沮丧的
If you have a sinking feeling, you suddenly become depressed or lose hope.
例：I began to have a sinking feeling that I was not going to get rid of her.我开始有一种永远也摆脱不了她的沮丧情绪。
n. [地质] 沉没
 - foundering
v. [海洋] 下沉（sink的现在分词）
 - diping

Word: peddle
Front: peddle
[ˈpedl] (宝 11632/14997 -1)
Vocabulary: peddle
(once / 1444 pages)
v
When you peddle something, you go out and try to sell it. It's cute when a little kid peddles his homemade birthday cards around the neighborhood, but if an adult did that it might be annoying.
The classic image of someone who peddles is an old-fashioned "peddler" or "tinker" traveling from village to village selling goods. The verb peddle, in fact, comes from the word "peddler," whose origin is a mystery. Any time you sell something by going from place to place, like selling Girl Scout cookies to all your neighbors, you peddle.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peddle / pedal / petal
Sometimes the only way to choose your words with homophones is to memorize their spellings and meanings. Pedal/peddle/petal is one such set of homophones.
A pedal is a lever controlled with the foot, such as found on a piano or a bicycle. To pedal is to use such a lever to control something. It descends from the Late Latin pedale, for a thing of the foot, which descends ultimately from the Latin pēs, for foot.
The city is expected to finalize this week a five-year contract to bring pedal boats back to Wesley Lake this summer.
Bicycle riders will be pedaling over hills and through pastures Saturday near Stonewall.
To peddle can mean to travel around selling items (think door-to-door salesmen). It can also mean to sell illicit drugs or, informally, to give out or spread, as with information or lies.
A former Alaska lawmaker has pleaded guilty to a state count of letting unregistered lobbyists peddle their ideas to him.
The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has warned the public against taking black pills peddled in unlabelled bottles.
Finally, a petal is a flower's brightly colored leaf that joins with other petals to form the flower's corolla.
You will start with a great big rose complete with curly petals and shiny leaves painted from reference.
Spread generously or pipe over the cooled cupcakes and top each with a rose petal.
Remember that pedal is related to foot through the Latin pēs and that someone who peddles goods goes from door to door. If you don't want either of those, then you can choose the flower's petal.
WORD FAMILY
peddle: peddled, peddler, peddles, peddling+/ peddler: peddlers/peddling: peddlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the far-right opportunists who peddle in fear, and seize power in chaos, are only too happy to join in the fun and games.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
He personally peddled his handiwork from a wagon and eventually gained a reputation for fine workmanship.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
And these urban legends peddled in real time as fact resonate widely with different audiences.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 传播，散播; 兜售，叫卖; 忙于做琐事
时态：peddled, peddling, peddles
分布：兜售(87%)，散播(13%)
→来自peddler的回构词。
mainly disapproving
verb transitive
■to sell things, especially by taking them to different places 兜售；（尤指）巡回销售
• These products are generally peddled (from) door to door. 这些产品通常是挨家挨户进行兜售的。
• He travels around, peddling his wares. 他四处游走，兜售他的货物。
■If you peddle stories or information, you spread them by telling different people 散播，宣扬
• The organization has peddled the myth that they are supporting the local population. 该组织散布了他们在支援当地居民的谎言。
vt. 叫卖；兜售；散播
 - strow, strew

Word: threatened
Front: threatened
['θretənd] (11611/9665 -1)
Back: adj. 受到威胁的
v. 威胁(threaten的过去分词)
分布：威胁(90%)，恐吓(8%)，似将发生(2%)
ADJ-GRADED
受到威胁的;感到危险的
If you feel threatened, you feel as if someone is trying to harm you.
例：Anger is the natural reaction we experience when we feel threatened or frustrated...我们感觉受到威胁或遭遇挫折时，生气是正常反应。
例：The survey found that 4 per cent of people felt threatened by the sight of beggars.调查发现，4% 的人看见乞丐时会觉得危险。
v. 威胁（threaten的过去分词）
 - bullied

Word: left-wing
Front: left-wing
[ˈleftwɪŋ] (-2)
Back: adj. 左派的，左翼的
分布：左翼的(100%)
adjective
■relating to the belief that wealth and power should be shared equally 左翼的，左派的，左倾的
• Her views are fairly left-wing. 她的观点相当左倾。

Word: fastball
Front: fastball
[ˈfɑ:stbɔ:l] (11645/-)
Back: n. （投手投出的）快球
分布：名词(100%)
US ['fæst.bɑ:l] US
noun countable
■a type of high-speed throw in baseball （棒球中的）快球
• The pitcher wound up and let loose a fastball. 投手挥动手臂，投出一个快球。

Word: stormy
Front: stormy
[ˈstɔ:mi] (四六 11643/9490 -1)
Vocabulary: stormy
(once / 563 pages)
adj
Whether it’s your temper or the month of May, something characterized by turmoil and unpredictable outbursts can be called stormy.
The word stormy describes weather conditions like thunder, lightening, dark clouds, wind, and pelting rain. The word also can be applied more broadly to describe things that seem as volatile and unpredictable as the weather, like a stormy debate that can get loud and angry, or a stormy relationship that is characterized by frequent outbursts of emotion, like downpour of feelings.
WORD FAMILY
stormy: stormier, stormiest, stormily, storminess+/storm: stormed, storming, storms, stormy
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all the stormy exchanges and recriminations, the remaining question is where Mr. Trump’s alliance with Mr. Netanyahu will lead.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The stormiest parts predate his football days, and he says he doesn’t even remember much of it.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Scotland is bracing itself for more disruption to travel and power supplies as a second wave of stormy weather approaches.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 有暴风雨的; 暴风雨般的; 热烈的; 激烈的
adv. 有暴风雨地，愤怒地，冲动地
n. <气>风暴度; 暴躁，激烈
级别：stormier, stormiest
分布：暴风雨的(69%)，激烈的(28%)，粗暴的(3%)
US ['stɔ:r-] adjective
VIOLENT WEATHER 恶劣的天气
■with strong wind, heavy rain and often thunder and lightning 风暴；暴风雨
• stormy weather 暴风雨天气
• The sky was dark and stormy. 天空阴沉，暴风雨即将来临。
UK ['stɔ:.mi] US ['stɔ:r-] adjective
EMOTIONAL REACTION 情感反应
■involving a lot of strong argument and shouting 猛烈的；激烈的；争吵的；群情激愤的
• a stormy debate 激烈的辩论
• They had a passionate and often stormy relationship. 他们两人的关系充满激情，但又冲突不断。
stormy, wild, fierce, turbulent, violent
这组词都有“剧烈的，凶猛的，狂暴的”的意思，其区别是：
stormy: 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情。
wild: 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
fierce: 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
turbulent: 正式用词，多用描写风和水，也可指心神不定或控制不住的感情波动。
violent: 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激，暗含有达或暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
adj. 暴风雨的；猛烈的；暴躁的
 - fierce, violent, hard

Word: groan
Front: groan
[grəʊn] (研四六雅宝 7178/6209 -2)
Vocabulary: groan
(once / 202 pages)
nv
A groan is a sound of pain or disapproval that doesn't consist of words, usually heard after homework is assigned or bad jokes are told.
People groan for lots of reasons: headaches, stomachaches, traffic jams, and bad news are just a few groan-worthy things that can provoke that moaning, "uuugghhhhh" sound. If someone is complaining about something, you could say she's "moaning and groaning." People like to moan and groan about the weather, politics, and just about everything else.
WORD FAMILY
groan: groaned, groaner, groaning, groans+/groaner: groaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In a small office full of shelves groaning with books on the topic of bringing up children, his friendly demeanour belies a more pressing concern.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
As I pondered the stakes of this new kind of labor, the conference room groaned, interrupting the daydream.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 呻吟; 发牢骚; 抱怨; 吱嘎声：因压力而发出声响
vt. 呻吟着说，呻吟着表示
n. 呻吟，叹息; 呻吟般的声音
时态：groaned, groaning, groans
分布：呻吟(63%)，抱怨(18%)，呻吟声(13%)，受重压(4%)，发嘎吱声(2%)
→拟声词，呻吟的声音。
v./n.呻吟The man gave a groan of pain.那人发出痛苦的呻吟声.
【记】读：骨肉嗯－在骨肉死了的时候，你就会呻吟到：我的骨肉嗯。
US [groʊn] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness （表示痛苦的）呻吟声；（表示不高兴的）哼哼声，叹息声
• We could hear the groans of the wounded soldiers. 我们能听到伤兵们的呻吟声。
■a complaining noise or phrase 抱怨声；埋怨的说话
• He looked at the piles of dirty dishes and gave a groan of dismay. 他看着成堆的脏碟子，发出一声沮丧的叹息。
UK [grəʊn] US [groʊn] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a deep long sound showing great pain or unhappiness （表示痛苦的）呻吟声；（表示不高兴的）哼哼声，叹息声
• He collapsed, groaning with pain. 他痛苦地呻吟着倒了下去
• [+ speech] "Not again, " he groaned (= said in a low unhappy voice). “够了，”他不满地说。
■to complain or speak unhappily 抱怨；埋怨
• She's always moaning and groaning (= complaining a lot) about the weather. 她总是嘟嘟囔囔不停地抱怨天气。
UK [grəʊn] US [groʊn] verb intransitive
groan with/under (the weight of) sth humorous
■to carry a very large quantity of something 满载着；被…堆满
• The tables were positively groaning with food. 饭桌上摆满了丰盛的食物。
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 呻吟；抱怨；发吱嘎声
 - beef about, repine
vt. 呻吟；抱怨
 - beef about, rail against
n. 呻吟；叹息；吱嘎声
 - suspiration

Word: penguin
Front: penguin
[ˈpeŋgwɪn] (10209/10464 -2)
Back: n. 企鹅
分布：企鹅(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自威尔士语pen,头，gwyn,白。原指北极附近一种白头云雀，后用于指南极的企鹅。或来自拉丁语pinguis,脂肪，肥的，词源同fat,pine.
noun countable
■a black and white sea bird which cannot fly but uses its small wings to help it swim 企鹅
n. [鸟] 企鹅；空军地勤人员
 - penuins

Word: depletion
Front: depletion
[dɪ'pli:ʃn] (雅 11633/10703)
Vocabulary: depletion
(once / 9502 pages)
n
When you think about depletion, think about a resource being decreased. Depletion is usually not a good thing; we worry about the depletion of the ozone and the depletion of the soil.
Have you ever run out of gas or money? Then you know what it's like to be in a state of depletion. Your bank account is in a state of depletion if you've been taking a lot of money out of it. The world's oil reserves are moving closer to depletion as oil runs out. In any type of depletion, something is running low or running out.
WORD FAMILY
depletion: depletions+/ deplete: depletable, depleted, depletes, depleting, depletion
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later, the labs investigated whether nuclear war might cause dangerous climatic effects, such as catastrophic ozone depletion or “nuclear winter.”
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The new mine should enable the company to easily offset depletion in its older pits, he added.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
The glucose would at least mitigate the ego depletion and sometimes completely reverse it.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
Back: n. 消耗，用尽; 耗减
分布：消耗(94%)，逐渐耗尽(6%)
noun [S or U]
■(a) reduction 减少；减小；缩小
• the depletion of the ozone layer 臭氧层变薄
• Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our capital/funds. 开支增加使我们的资本／资金减少了。
n. 消耗；损耗；放血
 - consumption, waste, wear

Word: highland
Front: highland
['haɪlənd] (研 10211/7195)
Back: adj. 高地的，高原（地区）的; 苏格兰高地的
n. 高地，高原（地区）
分布：高地(79%)，高地的(13%)，苏格兰高地的(8%)
n.高地,高原The landlord's land on the highland of the mainland expanded a lot.地主在大陆高原上的土地扩张了很多.
n. [地理] 高地；丘陵地带
 - height, raise, altitude, elevation, rise
adj. 高原的； [地理] 高地的
 - upland

Word: sprawl
Front: sprawl
[sprɔ:l] (托雅宝 9269/12278 -1)
Vocabulary: sprawl
(once / 887 pages)
vn
When you sprawl, you spread out in an ungainly way, like when you're lying down comfortably on the sofa with your legs and arms flung out around you.
As a noun, the most common use of this word nowadays is in the phrase "urban sprawl" (or "suburban sprawl"), which describes municipal development — things like new neighborhoods, shopping malls, and office complexes — that spreads out of control, according to no approved plan, and usually with pretty ugly results.
WORD FAMILY
sprawl: sprawled, sprawler, sprawling, sprawls, sprawly+/sprawler: sprawlers/ sprawling: sprawlingly, sprawlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is not uncommon for new development plans in Northern Virginia to raise hackles among residents who want to limit suburban sprawl.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
More often, they say, they’re considering sprawl a health hazard.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The report suggests rewarding communities that build housing near jobs and transportation, but penalizing suburban sprawl by linking it to California climate change legislation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 伸开四肢坐[躺]; 蔓延; 杂乱无序地拓展
n. （城市）杂乱无序拓展的地区; 随意扩展; 蔓延; 蔓延物
时态：sprawled, sprawling, sprawls
分布：蔓延(45%)，扩张(39%)，躺卧(14%)，使蔓延(2%)
→可能最终来自 sper,播洒，散播，展开，词源同 spark,spread.引申词义蔓延，杂乱的扩张。 拼写受 crawl 影响。
【记】源于：crawl（n /v 爬）－懒散的趴在地上－舒展四肢坐、躺
【区】scrawl（v 潦草地写）
【参】sprawling（adj 蔓生的；无计划的）
US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
verb
BODY 身体
intransitive
■to spread the arms and legs out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down （懒散地）摊开四肢坐（或躺）
• I knocked into her in the corridor and sent her sprawling (= knocked her over). 我在走廊里和她迎头相撞，把她撞了个四脚朝天。
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
verb
CITY 城市
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(especially of a city) to cover a large area of land with buildings which have been added at different times so that it looks untidy （尤指城市）杂乱无序地扩展，散乱地延伸
• The refugee camps sprawl across the landscape. 眼前杂乱地散落着许多难民营。
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
noun
BODY 身体
uncountable
■a position with the arms and legs spread out carelessly and untidily while sitting or lying down （懒散地）摊开四肢坐（或躺）
UK [sprɔ:l] US [sprɑ:l] disapproving
noun
CITY 城市
countable usually singular
■a large area of land covered with buildings which have been added at different times so that it looks untidy 没有城市规划（某地大面积散布的建筑物，是随时间而增加的、无计划的，因此看起来不整齐）
• the urban sprawl of South Florida 佛罗里达州南部杂乱无序的城市扩展
vi. 蔓延；伸开手足躺；无计划地扩展
 - creep, to spread
vt. 懒散地伸开；使蔓生
 - sprig
n. 蔓生；伸开手足躺卧姿势
 - rampancy

Word: spoken
Front: spoken
[ˈspəʊkən] (高 11639/6629 -K)
Back: adj. 口头讲的; 口头的; 口语的; （用以构成复合词）具…说话特点的
v. 讲，谈（ speak的过去分词 ）; 说; 演说; 从某种观点来说
分布：口语的(92%)，动词speak的过去分词.(8%)
US ['spoʊ-] verb past participle of
■speak
adj. 口语的，口头的
 - oral, verbal

Word: depot
Front: depot
[ˈdepəʊ] (托 10213/6543 -1)
Vocabulary: depot
(once / 863 pages)
n
A depot is a place where things are stored in large quantities for future use. Your office might have a depot in the back where supplies are stored.
Depot came into English from the French word dépôt, meaning "a deposit, place of deposit." A depot can be a place like a warehouse where items are temporarily deposited, but we also use it for a train or bus station. In this case, think of it as a place where a many passengers are being temporarily housed. Your bus trip might require you to get off one bus at a big depot, and transfer to another.
WORD FAMILY
depot: depots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harris moved from Tuscaloosa, Alabama, to Georgia to work at Home Depot’s corporate office in Cobb County, Georgia, just northwest of Atlanta.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Only the picture’s title, “Negro Burial Ground,” hints at the whole truth of the depot’s past.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
She leaves her house in Northern Virginia at 5 a.m. for a supply run to Restaurant Depot.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 仓库; 火车站或汽车站; 航空站; [军]补给站
v. 把…存放在储藏处
adj. 药性持久的
分布：仓库(48%)，车站(28%)，补给站(15%)，贮藏所(9%)
→来自deposit的法语拼写形式，引申词义放置，仓库。拼写比较entrepot, compote.
US ['di:.poʊ] noun countable
■a building where supplies or vehicles, especially buses, are kept （尤指公车的）车库；仓库
• an arms/weapons depot 武器库
• a fuel/storage depot 油／仓库
• a bus depot 公车库
US
■a bus station or train station 汽车站；火车站
n. [建] [经] 仓库；停车场；航空站
 - airport, warehouse

Word: easel
Front: easel
[ˈi:zl] (宝 11660/16378)
Vocabulary: easel
(once / 3023 pages)
n
If you're an artist, you probably use an easel, a stand that holds the canvas you're painting. If an art gallery displays your painting in the window on a solid gold easel, you’re making a splash in the art world!
An easel is a tripod, with three long legs that connect together at the top and spread out wide at the floor, for stability. Artists use easels to hold the canvas or paper they’re working on — not just to display finished works of art. If you travel to a scenic overlook, you might see an artist painting the view onto a canvas, propped up on an easel. Easels can display other things, too, like letters, posters, or signs.
WORD FAMILY
easel: easels
USAGE EXAMPLES
So the artist stepped away from her easel and moved back to Georgia.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
In a room full of easels for an art class coming up, two little girls have placed picture books on the floor.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Flamion blew into his wheelchair straw to pull up to an easel Monday.
Washington Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 画架，黑板架
分布：画架(100%)
→来自拉丁词asinus, 驴，见ass. 拼写受ease影响。在英语常见于用动物来代替某些具体物件名，比较sawhorse, 锯木架。
【记】用了easel，画画就会ease多了
noun countable
■a wooden frame, usually with legs, that holds a picture, especially one which an artist is painting or drawing （尤指画家作画用的）画架

Word: stretcher
Front: stretcher
[ˈstretʃə(r)] (11654/12397 -1)
Back: n. 担架; 延伸器; 顺边砖; 框架结构的横档
分布：担架(95%)，伸张器(3%)，横档(2%)
→stretch,拉长，展开，-er,表物。引申词义担架。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a light frame made from two long poles with a cover of soft material stretched between them, used for carrying people who are ill, injured or dead 担架
• She was carried off the track on a stretcher. 她被人用担架抬下跑道。
n. [医] 担架； [机] 延伸器
 - litter

Word: twenty-six
Front: twenty-six
[t'wenti:s'ɪks] None
Back: 二十六
分布：二十六(100%)

Word: bloodshed
Front: bloodshed
[ˈblʌdʃed] (11620/14794 -1)
Vocabulary: bloodshed
(once / 1141 pages)
n
Use the word bloodshed to mean people being killed or wounded, especially during a war. A strong dislike of bloodshed might keep a person from joining the military.
You can use the noun bloodshed to talk about any kind of violence: "My mom never let me play those video games when I was growing up, because of all the bloodshed." It's most commonly used to refer to the major side effect of war, the death and injury of many humans. Bloodshed dates from the 1500s, meaning "the shedding of one's blood" or "slaughter."
WORD FAMILY
bloodshed: bloodsheds
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He said his wife was very upset, and his family, to see all of this bloodshed.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
For what little it’s done, you’ve cried about the bloodshed, the obvious injustice.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
The UK's Brexit vote and the election of Donald Trump confounded expectations while the wars in Syria and Yemen caused more bloodshed.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 流血; 屠杀，杀戮; 流血事件
分布：流血(97%)，杀人(3%)
noun uncountable
■killing and violence 流血，杀戮
• The army was brought in to try to prevent further bloodshed. 这支部队被调来，以防止再次发生流血事件。
n. 流血；杀戮
 - kill

Word: coupling
Front: coupling
[ˈkʌplɪŋ] (11626/10360 -1)
Back: n. [电]耦合; 联结; [机]管箍; （火车的）车钩
v. 连接(couple的现在分词)
分布：耦合(93%)，结合(4%)，联结(3%)
noun countable
■a device which joins two things together 连接器，联接装置
• The carriage at the end of the train was left stranded when the coupling broke. 车钩断裂后火车尾部的客车厢被孤零零地抛在后面。
n. [电] 耦合；结合，联结
 - combination, wedding, bond, join, conjunction
v. 连接（couple的ing形式）
 - connecting, conjoining

Word: knack
Front: knack
[næk] (宝 11646/13703 -1)
Vocabulary: knack
(once / 2203 pages)
n
If you have a knack for doing something, you do it well. You may have a knack for baking cakes or a knack for cracking jokes. These things come easy to you.
Although the noun knack refers to a special talent, the sense is that is a more innate talent — as opposed to a certain technique. So if someone instinctively has a talent for fixing plumbing, for example, you can say they have a knack for it. If, however, they unclog a sink by having a wrench in one hand and a how-to book in the other, then they may have the technique, but they probably don't have the knack.
WORD FAMILY
knack: knacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
During British rule, they showed a knack for commerce, some prospering from the opium trade with China.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
His mother, who sewed clothing from flour sacks, was a keen observer of human foibles, and he credited her for instilling a knack for psychology.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He ranked 14th among relievers in left-on-base percentage, in part because of his knack for getting double plays.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 诀窍，窍门; 熟练技术，技巧; 需要技巧的工作; 巧妙手法
分布：诀窍(64%)，技巧(36%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，击打的声音。原义为花招，诡计，后引申词义特殊的技能，本领。
【记】源于：knock的变体，就是敲开脑袋，让人开窍－窍门读：NIKE，因为有了商业窍门才会成功。
【参】knocker（n 门环）
【反】foolishness（n 愚蠢）
noun only singular
■a skill or an ability to do something easily and well 技能；本领；技巧
• a knack for remembering faces 记人的本领
• She has the knack of making people feel comfortable. 她有让人如沐春风的本事。
• There's a knack to using this corkscrew. 用这个瓶塞钻有个窍诀。
n. 诀窍；本领；熟练技术；巧妙手法
 - skill, know-how

Word: reliably
Front: reliably
[rɪ'laɪəblɪ] (11630/11843)
Back: adv. 可靠地，确实地
分布：确实地(44%)，可靠地(42%)，可信赖地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
可靠的;可信赖的
People or things that are reliable can be trusted to work well or to behave in the way that you want them to.
例：She was efficient and reliable...她办事很有效率，也很可靠。
例：Japanese cars are so reliable.日本产的汽车质量非常可靠。
ADJ-GRADED
(信息)可靠的，可信的,确凿的
Information that is reliable or that is from a reliable source is very likely to be correct.
例：There is no reliable information about civilian casualties...关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
例：It's very difficult to give a reliable estimate...要给出可靠的估计非常困难。
adv. 可靠地；确实地
 - strictly, undoubtedly, real

Word: languish
Front: languish
[ˈlæŋgwɪʃ] (托宝 11648/14532 -1)
Vocabulary: languish
(once / 1120 pages)
1v 2v
To languish is to become pitiful or weak because you're sick, in love, or stuck somewhere. A prisoner might languish in jail, longing for her freedom.
Languish, like languid, is from the Latin word languere which means to "be weak or faint." Your houseplants might languish in a dark dry corner. A Romantic poet might languish on a velvet couch with the back of her hand to her forehead. People in operas love to languish: The main character in La Traviatta, Violetta, languishes from longing and eventually tuberculosis.
WORD FAMILY
languish: languished, languisher, languishes, languishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, overall spending on building new factories or upgrading aging equipment languished.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The site is one of many languishing after the real estate bust.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The project languished until 2005 as interest in renewable energy projects grew.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 憔悴，潦倒; （草木等）凋萎; 失去活力; 烦恼，焦思
n. 憔悴; 惹人怜爱的感伤模样[倦态等]; 脉脉含情
时态：languished, languishing, languishes
分布：失去活力(39%)，憔悴(29%)，受苦(25%)，衰弱无力(7%)
→来自sleg,松的，松散的，词源同lax,slack.引申词义松软无力的，消瘦的，后用来指长期受苦，煎熬。
卷怠,衰弱(langu+ish表动词,如：flourish繁荣)[langu=faint,表示"虚弱"]
【记】langui拼：懒鬼－衰弱；萎靡不振
【反】thrive（v 兴旺；旺盛）
verb intransitive
■to exist in an unpleasant or unwanted situation, often for a long time 受苦，经历苦难，受煎熬
• After languishing in obscurity for many years, her early novels have recently been rediscovered. 她的早期小说在沉寂多年后最近被重新发掘出来。
• He has been languishing in jail for the past twenty years. 过去的20年中他一直在监狱里苦熬。
• The ruling party is languishing in third place in the opinion polls. 执政党在民意调查中处于第三的尴尬位置。
vi. 憔悴；凋萎；失去活力；苦思
 - consume away, pine

Word: medic
Front: medic
[ˈmedɪk] (11677/16377 -1)
Back: n. 医生; 医学院学生; 苜蓿属植物
分布：医科学生或医生(100%)
→来自拉丁语medicus,医生，大夫，词源同medicine.后也用于指医科学生。
noun countable UK informal
■a medical student or doctor 医科学生；医生
US
■someone who does medical work in the military 随军救护人员
n. 医师；医科学生；苜蓿属植物（等于medick）
 - physician, hakim

Word: tremor
Front: tremor
[ˈtremə(r)] (托宝 11635/12112 -1)
Vocabulary: tremor
(once / 1250 pages)
nv
A tremor is a trembling or shaking in a person or the Earth. If you're scared about speaking in public you might have a tremor in your voice — or wish that an earthquake tremor would open up the floor and swallow you first.
If you're nervous or feeling queasy as you read a paper aloud, you might get a tremor in your hands and the paper itself will start to shake. When an earthquake rumbles, a powerful tremor might make a building shake so that it looks as fragile as a piece of paper. Not every tremor comes from fear or seismic activity, though: you can tremor or quiver with excitement as you anticipate something enjoyable.
WORD FAMILY
tremor: tremored, tremoring, tremors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Russian Revoution of 1917 toppled the czar, sent tremors of socialist rebellion throughout Europe and drove Vladimir Lenin into power by year’s end.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Seismologists aren’t sure whether the Hayward’s current built-up tectonic stress will be relieved in one large tremor or a series of smaller, less damaging ones.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 震颤; 战栗; 震颤声; 大地的轻微震动
分布：地震(53%)，震动(20%)，颤动(15%)，战栗(7%)，兴奋(5%)
→来自拉丁语 tremere,颤抖，恐惧，词源同 tremble.-or,名词后缀。
震动;小地震(trem+or)[trem=quiver,表示"颤抖"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a slight shaking movement in a person's body, especially because of nervousness or excitement （尤指因紧张或兴奋）颤抖，发抖
• The disease mostly affects people over 50, causing paralysis and uncontrollable tremors. 这种病主要发生在年过50的人身上，能引起瘫痪和难以自制的颤抖。
• There was a slight tremor in her voice. 她的声音微微发颤。
• figurative A tremor of excitement went through the audience as he came on stage. 他走上舞台时，观众兴奋得出现了一阵骚动。
■a slight earthquake 轻微地震，小地震
• The tremor was centered just south of San Francisco and was felt as far as 200 miles away. 这次小震震央就在三藩市南部，200英里以外的地方都有震感。
n. [医] 震颤； [物] 颤动
 - fremitus, zitterbewegung

Word: howl
Front: howl
[haʊl] (高研六托雅 8380/10307 -2)
Vocabulary: howl
(once / 297 pages)
vn
To howl is to make a long, sad, crying sound. You might howl every once in a while, but it's more common to hear wolves and dogs let loose and howl, especially in the presence of a full moon.
Terribly sad or fearful people howl, and wolves howl to communicate with each other. Your dog might howl at the sound of a passing fire truck, which also makes a noise with its siren that you can call a howl. Before the 1400s, the word was houlen, a word that probably emerged as an imitation of the way a howl sounds.
WORD FAMILY
howl: howled, howler, howling, howls+/howler: howlers/howling: howlingly, howlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
DOUGLASVILLE, Ga. — “Caliente!” the director Lee Daniels howled toward Naomi Campbell, across the waiting room of a decommissioned county jail.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Be N-I-OI-EE-U-I-SSSS!” she howls, absolutely wrecking the premise of civil discourse.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
It strolled in like it owned the gym, raising its arms as it triumphantly paced in front of the crowd, eliciting cheers and howls.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 哀号，吼叫
vi. 嚎叫，咆哮; 哀嚎; <俚>开心地狂笑; <俚>狂欢
n. 嗥叫; 嚎哭; <俚>及其可笑的事物
时态：howled, howling, howls
分布：嚎叫(65%)，高声叫喊(9%)，长嚎(9%)，啸鸣(9%)，大声哭(4%)，吼叫着说出(4%)
→拟声词，模仿嚎叫的声音。
n.怒吼,嗥叫vi.(风等)怒吼,咆哮The boy howled with laughter.那男孩高声狂笑.
verb
PERSON/ANIMAL 人／动物
intransitive
■If a dog or wolf howls, it makes a long, sad sound （狼、狗）长嚎，嗥叫
• In the silence of the night, a lone wolf howled. 在寂静的夜里，一只孤独的狼在嚎叫。
intransitive or transitive
■to make a loud sound, usually to express pain, sadness or another strong emotion （通常因痛苦、悲伤或其他强烈情感而）号叫，哀号
• An injured dog lay in the middle of the road, howling with/in pain. 一只受伤的狗躺在路中间，痛苦地嚎叫着。
• We were howling with laughter. 我们放声大笑。
• figurative The opposition howled down the government's proposal (= shouted loudly to express disapproval). 反对党大声抗议，反对政府的提案。
[haʊl] verb
WIND 风
intransitive
■If the wind howls, it blows hard and makes a lot of noise （风）呼啸
• Is there someone outside, or is it just the wind howling in the trees? 是有人在外面，还是只是风在树林里呼啸？
[haʊl] noun
countable
■a long, loud, sad sound 号叫声；喊叫声；呼啸声
• the howl of the wind in the trees 树林中风的呼啸声
• He leaves his dog shut up in the house all day, and we can hear its howls. 他一整天都把他的狗关在屋子里，我们能听到它的嚎叫声。
• She let out a howl of pain. 她痛得大声哀号。
countable usually plural
■a strong expression of emotion, such as anger or disagreement 感情迸发；怒吼，愤怒的表示
• Plans to build a new supermarket have been greeted with howls of protest from local residents. 建一座新超市的计划受到当地居民的强烈抗议。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vi. 咆哮；怒吼；狂吠
 - gnar, huff and puff
n. 嗥叫；怒号；嚎哭
 - bluster

Word: animosity
Front: animosity
[ˌænɪˈmɒsəti] (托宝 11656/14047 -1)
Vocabulary: animosity
(once / 1351 pages)
n
Animosity is hatred. If your (supposed) best buddy embarrasses you in front of a big crowd, your friendship could turn into animosity.
Animosity comes from the Latin word animus, meaning "spirit" or "mind." That's also the root of the word animated — literally, "full of spirit." So how did animosity get so negative? Over the centuries, the original meaning of "high spirits" soured into "hatred." Today we most often speak of animosity toward, between, among, or against people. Keeping your animosity in check might make steam come out your ears.
WORD FAMILY
animosity: animosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two major pushes for negotiations by Mr. Obama unraveled amid mistrust and animosity.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Asked Wednesday where the animosity stems from, Mitchell replied simply “you ask him.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Mr. Stein added that locals are “shocked and scared” of the newfound animosity.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 憎恨，仇恨，敌意
分布：仇恨(67%)，憎恶(33%)
憎恨,憎恶(anim+osity多的状态→生命太多→由爱变恨→仇恨)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
仇恨(anim生命,有生命就有爱和恨)[-osity表名词,ose+ity组成,表示"多…的状态"]
【记】1）anim生命－一生的仇恨2）animo＝animal动物，sity＝city城市－动物与城市。它们是格格不入的，自私的人类侵略的它们的领地，残杀了它们的双亲，建立了现代化的城市。所以动物与城市之间只有憎恶与仇恨。
US [-'mɑ:.sə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■strong dislike, opposition, or anger 仇恨；敌意；憎恶
• Of course we're competitive but there's no personal animosity between us. 我们固然是竞争对手，但我们之间并没有私怨。
• In spite of his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers. 尽管受了伤，但他对袭击他的人也没有任何怨恨。
• The European Community helped France and Germany forget the old animosities between them. 欧洲经济共同体促使法国和德国摒弃前嫌。
n. 憎恶，仇恨，敌意
 - hatred, odium

Word: predictably
Front: predictably
[prɪˌdɪktəblɪ] (11657/11345)
Back: adv. 可预见地，果不出所料地，脱不出老一套地
分布：可预言地(67%)，不出所料地(33%)
adverb
■as expected 预料中地
• Predictably, after the initial media interest, the refugees now seem to have been forgotten. 不出所料，媒体最初的兴趣过后，现在看来难民们已被忘记了。

Word: staunch
Front: staunch
[stɔ:ntʃ] (11664/11504 -1)
Vocabulary: staunch
(once / 1363 pages)
1adj 2v
As an adjective, staunch means firm. You might want to go to that concert Friday night, but your parents' staunch opposition prevents you.
Staunch is sometimes used as a verb to mean "to stop the flow of a liquid," but most usage books will tell you it's better to use the word stanch for the verb. Think of a soldier stopping and standing still, and you will understand the connection between the two meanings. The adjectival form should make you think of "stand," as in “stand firm,” or "take a stand." It comes from the French estanche meaning “watertight” and the Latin stanticare, which is probably from stans for “stand.”
WORD FAMILY
staunch: staunched, stauncher, staunches, staunchest, staunching, staunchly, staunchness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Puzder is a vehement critic of government regulation and staunch opponent of minimum wage laws and the Fight for $15 movement.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He was a staunch proponent of keeping prices and currencies stable, as well as safeguarding the independence of central banks from political interference.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Analysts say Mr. Reid’s staunch political opposition to the proposal partly led to the Obama administration to pull the plug on Yucca Mountain in 2011.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚定的，坚固的; 忠诚的，可靠的; 不漏水的
vt. 止住; 止血
时态：staunched, staunching, staunches
分布：坚定的(53%)，止住(19%)，坚固的(10%)，止血(9%)，忠实可信的(3%)，=stanch.(3%)，不漏水的(3%)
→来自古法语 estanche,固定的，坚固的，防水的，来自通俗拉丁语*stanticare,坚固的，来自拉 丁语 stare,站立，建立，词源同 stand,stanch,stanchion.引申比喻义忠实的，坚定的。
US [stɑ:ntʃ] adjective
■always loyal in supporting a person, organization or set of beliefs or opinions 忠实的；坚定的
• a staunch friend and ally 忠实的朋友和盟友
• He gained a reputation as being a staunch defender/supporter of civil rights. 他坚决捍卫民权，因此赢得了声誉。
UK [stɔ:ntʃ] US [stɑ:ntʃ] verb transitive (US also stanch)
■to stop something happening, or to stop liquid, especially blood, from flowing out 制止；止住（尤指出血）
• The country's asylum laws were amended to staunch the flow/flood of economic migrants. 该国修订避难法，阻止经济移民的洪流。
• Mike pressed hard on the wound and staunched the flow of blood. 麦克使劲压住伤口，止住了出血。
adj. 坚定的；忠诚的；坚固的
 - committed, loving, firm, confirmed, devoted
vt. 止住；止血
 - rein in, rein up

Word: incomprehensible
Front: incomprehensible
[ɪnˌkɒmprɪˈhensəbl] (托 11659/9686 -1)
Vocabulary: incomprehensible
(once / 1074 pages)
adj
If your poetry is incomprehensible, it's difficult to understand, and it might be impossible to explain. Could be you're a genius! Could be you're just not very good at poetry.
Incomprehensible originates from the Latin incomprehensibilis: in- ("not") and comprehensibilis ("perceptible, evident, intelligible"). Many unfamiliar customs or rituals seem incomprehensible from a distance, for example, the early Chinese practice of foot binding, in which girls tightly bandaged their feet to prevent them from getting bigger. Similarly, future generations may find today's Western high-heeled shoes incomprehensible, leading them to ask, "What in the world were they thinking?!"
WORD FAMILY
incomprehensible: incomprehensibility, incomprehensibly+/ comprehend: comprehended, comprehendible, comprehending, comprehends, comprehensible, comprehension, comprehensive /comprehended: uncomprehended/comprehending: uncomprehending/comprehensible: comprehensibility, comprehensibly, incomprehensible, uncomprehensible, understandably/ comprehension: comprehensions, incomprehension/ comprehensive: comprehensively, comprehensiveness, comprehensives, incomprehensive, noncomprehensive/comprehensively: noncomprehensively/incomprehensibility: incomprehensibilities/incomprehension: incomprehensions/incomprehensive: incomprehensively/uncomprehending: uncomprehendingly/understandably: ununderstandably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is famous for its buzzing, swirling, incomprehensible traffic.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s incomprehensible — except as a parting shot of personal revenge on Benjamin Netanyahu.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Are these outbursts designed to distract the press from his almost incomprehensibly tangled economic conflicts of interest?
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以理解的，难懂的; 莫测高深的; 不可思议的; 无限的
分布：费解的(50%)，不能理解的(50%)
US [-kɑ:m-] adjective
■impossible or extremely difficult to understand 不能理解的；极难懂的
• These accounts are utterly incomprehensible. Can you explain them to me? 这些账目根本就看不懂。你能向我解释一下吗？
• It's incomprehensible to me why he would want to kill himself. 我无法理解他为甚么要自杀。
adj. 费解的；不可思议的；无限的
 - huge, magic, mysterious, infinite, fantastic

Word: bask
Front: bask
[bɑ:sk] (托宝 11655/14121 -1)
Vocabulary: bask
(once / 1915 pages)
v
To bask in something is to take it in, receive its warmth, or bathe in its goodness. On the first warm day of the spring, you may bask in the sunshine. When you win the Pulitzer, you bask in your own glory.
In Shakespeare’s “As You Like It,” Jaques says: “...As I do live by food, I met a fool; Who laid him down and bask'd him in the sun,; And rail'd on Lady Fortune in good terms...” That was most likely the first time bask was used in the way that we most often use it now: to bask is to warm yourself, either literally or figuratively, in the glow of the sun, good fortune, happiness, or a job well done.
WORD FAMILY
bask: basked, basking, basks
USAGE EXAMPLES
He preferred to stay on the sidelines photographing prominent figures rather than bask in the glamorous environment he was working in.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
He was still basking in the glow of the large family holiday when Swift showed up.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She often sat outside in a camping chair to bask in the sun - as she did in her younger years.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 晒太阳，取暖; 享受乐趣，得到满足
时态：basked, basking, basks
分布：取暖(59%)，沐浴于(25%)，舒适地晒太阳(16%)
→来自PIE *bhe, 暖，热，词源同bath. -sk, 反身格后缀，词源同self.
US [bæsk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lie or sit enjoying the warmth especially of the sun 晒太阳；取暖
• We could see seals on the rocks, basking in the sun. 我们可以看到海豹在岩石上晒太阳。
UK [bɑ:sk] US [bæsk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  bask in sth
■to take pleasure from something that makes you feel good 沉浸在…中
• He basked in his moment of glory, holding the trophy up to the crowd. 他向观众高高举起奖杯，沉浸在荣耀之中。
vi. 晒太阳；取暖；愉快或舒适
 - lie in the sun

Word: tripod
Front: tripod
[ˈtraɪpɒd] (宝 11681/16252 -1)
Vocabulary: tripod
(once / 4175 pages)
n
A tripod is a three-legged support for a camera. Once you try using a tripod for taking photographs, your sharp, beautiful pictures might make it hard to do without it.
A tripod is a stand with three legs that holds a camera. Photographers and filmmakers use a tripod when they want the camera to be held completely still, without the slight bit of shaking that their hands might cause. Tripod comes from the Greek tripodos, "three-legged stool," made up of tri, or "three," plus podos, "foot." The word tripod was used in the past to mean anything with three legs, including vessels, stools, or tables.
WORD FAMILY
tripod: tripods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Do not try to bike, skateboard or set up a tripod here or risk being approached by center security.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Mama went to the backyard with Sisi to put away the cast iron cooking tripods.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
For my 16th birthday, my father bought me a video camera and tripod to tape myself dancing.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. [摄]三脚架; 三脚凳; 三脚桌; 三足鼎
分布：三足鼎(67%)，三脚用具(33%)
→tri-, 三，-pod,脚，词源同 foot.
三脚架(tri[tri-表示"三"]+pod脚)
【记】tri三，pod＝ped脚
US [-pɑ:d] noun countable
■a support with three legs for a piece of equipment such as a camera （照相机等的）三脚架
• For photographs requiring long exposure times, your camera should be mounted on a tripod. 拍摄需要长时间曝光的照片时，应该把相机固定在三脚架上。
n. [摄] 三脚架；三脚桌
 - spider, trivet

Word: airwaves
Front: airwaves
[ˈeəweɪvz] (11658/- -1)
Back: n. 电视广播; 电视，广播的频道( airwave的名词复数); 〔电子〕空中电波
分布：无线电或电视广播(100%)
US ['er-] plural noun
■the radio waves used for broadcasting radio and television programmes, or more generally, radio or television broadcasting time （广播、电视用的）无线电波；播送时间
• The new series of Batman will be on the airwaves at 6 pm every Tuesday. 新拍的《蝙蝠侠》系列片将在每周二的下午六点播出。
n. 电视广播
 - television broadcasting, faxcasting

Word: Frenchman
Front: Frenchman
['frentʃmən] (高 11653/6523)
Back: n. 法国人
分布：法国人(100%)
noun countable
■a man who comes from France; see table of Geographical names 法国人

Word: outward
Front: outward
[ˈaʊtwəd] (高研四六托 8599/8743 -1)
Back: adj. 向外的; 外面的; 公开的; [宗]肉体上的
adv. 向外（等于outwards）; 在外
n. 外表; 外面; 物质世界
分布：向外的(28%)，向外(21%)，在外(17%)，表面的(17%)，外部的(13%)，表面(4%)
→out-,向外，-ward,朝向。
a.外面的,公开的,向外的ad.向外,在外n.外表Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
ON OUTSIDE 外面的
[before noun]
■relating to how people, situations or things seem to be, rather than how they are inside 外表的，外面的
• The outward appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years. 这幢大楼的外观200年里丝毫未变。
• If he is suffering, he certainly shows no outward sign of it. 即使他很痛苦，他也肯定不会表露一点出来。
• To all outward appearances everything was fine, but under the surface the marriage was very shaky. 表面看来，一切都很好，但实际上这段婚姻很不稳固。
Compare inward
UK ['aʊt.wəd] US [-wɚd] adjective
GOING AWAY 对外的
■away from the centre 向外的
• outward investment (= investment in other companies/countries) 对外投资
• We have the chance to build an outward -looking Europe that lives up to its global responsibilities. 我们有机会建设一个“外向型”欧洲，它能够真正担当起其世界责任。
Compare inward
[before noun]
■going towards a particular place, rather than returning from it 出发去某地（和从某地返回相对）
• The outward flight/journey took eight hours. 这趟出国飞行／旅行全程花了八个小时。
Compare return
outward, outer, exterior, external, outside
这组词都有“外部的”的意思，其区别是：
outward: 多指空间关系或方向上向外的。
outer: 主要提离开中心或内部较远的，或指比较在外的。
exterior: 强调位于事物的外表以上，但仍是该事物的一部分，较正式。
external: 指与其他物体分离或没有关系的外部，不涉及内容，只说明全然是外部的。
outside: 指超出某种界限之外的。
adj. 向外的；外面的；公开的；外服的；肉体的
 - outer, outside, external, material, open
adv. 向外（等于outwards）；在外；显而易见地
 - forth, out
n. 外表；外面；物质世界
 - person, external, garment, without

Word: glucose
Front: glucose
[ˈglu:kəʊs] (宝 11666/8317 -1)
Vocabulary: glucose
(once / 6297 pages)
n
Glucose is simple sugar. It's all kinds of sugar, and it's in your blood, and your body needs it for energy. Most Americans sadly consume far more glucose than necessary, and have enlarged gluteus maximus muscles to show for it.
The word glucose is based on an ancient Greek word gleukos which meant "sweet delightful wine." When you're popping one glucose-laden Girl Scout Cookie after another into your mouth, you certainly do feel that delight. You'll probably see the word glucose plenty in biochemistry textbooks. Glucose needs to be in your blood, and a healthy balance of it in your body is indeed as delightful as wine to those ancient Greeks.
WORD FAMILY
glucose: glucoses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We think these channels work better when the brain is using ketones instead of glucose for energy.”
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Many older people don’t need to be sent to a doctor for the test; past blood work probably already includes blood glucose results.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
People with pre-diabetes improved their blood glucose levels with vinegar by nearly half, while people with diabetes cut their blood glucose concentrations by 25%.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. [化]葡萄糖，右旋糖
分布：葡萄糖(100%)
→来自dlk, 甜的，词源同dulcet,billet-doux(情书)。用做生物学术语。
【记】源自希腊语gleukos甜酒－葡萄糖glu＝glue胶水，cose读：酷似：胶水酷似葡萄糖
US [-koʊs] noun uncountable
■a type of sugar which is found in plants, especially fruit, and which supplies an important part of the energy animals need （植物、尤指水果中的）葡萄糖
n. [有化] 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose）
 - D-glucose, grape sugar

Word: squander
Front: squander
[ˈskwɒndə(r)] (托宝 11672/14153 -1)
Vocabulary: squander
(once / 1592 pages)
v
To squander means to spend extravagantly, thoughtlessly, or wastefully. If you need to save for college, don't squander your income on nightly sushi dinners.
Squander used to mean scatter, and the way we use it now implies throwing something (like money) all over the place. You can squander time as well as money. If you have a big deadline but you are chatting away or looking at social networking sites, you are squandering your time. If you have a big chance to play for a major league baseball team, but show up to the tryouts hung over, you have squandered your chance.
WORD FAMILY
squander: squandered, squanderer, squandering, squanders+/squanderer: squanderers/squandering: squanderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
"With such a strategy, fintechs squander the trust that banks established over years," he said.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Reynolds later married an older businessman named Harry Karl, who squandered his wife’s money before they ended up in divorce court.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
In retrospect, what will probably hurt most about this season was the team’s squandering.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 挥霍，浪费; 驱散，使散开; 浪荡，漂泊
n. 挥霍，浪费
时态：squandered, squandering, squanders
分布：浪费(66%)，挥霍(34%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词根 squ-,挤，压，模仿挤压湿物体时发出的吧唧声。比较 splurge, 挥霍，浪费。
【记】squ压，ander下：把筹码从老虎机的slot中压下去－挥霍
【参】squash（n 南瓜；v 压扁）；squeeze（n /v 压榨）
【反】husband＝conserve（v 节俭；保存）；hoard（v 储藏）
US ['skwɑ:n.dɚ] verb transitive
■to spend or use money or supplies in a wasteful way, or to waste opportunities by not using them to your advantage 浪费，挥霍（金钱或补给品）；糟蹋（机会）
• They'll quite happily squander a whole year's savings on two weeks in the sun. 他们会心甘情愿地花尽全年的积蓄，度过两个星期的阳光假期。
• Ireland squandered several chances, including a penalty that cost them the game. 爱尔兰队错失了几次机会，包括导致他们输掉比赛的一次罚球。
vt. 浪费
 - lose, spend, waste on, trifle away, fiddle away
vi. 浪费；漂泊
 - waste on, trifle away
n. 浪费
 - waste, dissipation, extravagancy

Word: flawless
Front: flawless
[ˈflɔ:ləs] (11661/20176 -1)
Vocabulary: flawless
(once / 3746 pages)
adj
Flawless is an adjective that means "without any imperfections," like your flawless vocal performance — not one mistake. That's why the choir teacher gave you an A+.
In flawless you can see the word flaw, which means "a fault." So something that is flawless is free of faults, perfect. If you've never gotten in any kind of trouble, your record is flawless. Antique car collectors look for that flawless model — no dents, dings, or signs that anyone had even sat in it.
WORD FAMILY
flawless: flawlessly, flawlessness+/ flaw: flawed, flawing, flawless, flaws/ flawed: unflawed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anderson’s pick-six was Alabama’s 11th defensive touchdown this season, and it derived from a perfect adjustment and flawless execution.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
And they are unlike more conventional celebrities, she thinks, because they try to present themselves as being "flawless".
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
And while Saturday’s performance was far from flawless, it was good enough.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 无瑕的，完美无缺的; 无疵可寻; 无瑕可谪; 无疵
分布：完美的(72%)，无瑕疵的(28%)
无瑕疵的(flaw缺点)[-less表形容词"无…的,不...的"]
US ['flɑ:-] adjective
■perfect or without mistakes 完美的；无瑕的
• a flawless complexion 光洁无瑕的面容
• a flawless performance 完美的表演
adj. 完美的；无瑕疵的；无裂缝的
 - perfect, stainless, ideal, full

Word: sway
Front: sway
[sweɪ] (研四六托雅宝 5924/7824 -2)
Vocabulary: sway
(once / 241 pages)
vn
Back and forth...back and forth...back and forth...are you sea-sick yet? The sway, or rocking motion, of a boat is too much for many stomachs.
People can sway if they're dizzy, tilting from side to side as they walk. On a windy day you can see trees swaying and bending in the wind. Swaying is usually a gentle motion, but if you're easily swayed, you're in trouble. That means you're easily influenced by others. People of power often "hold sway" over their followers, controlling them with the seeming ease of the breeze.
WORD FAMILY
sway: swayed, swayer, swaying, sways+/swayed: unswayed/swayer: swayers
USAGE EXAMPLES
A motor causes the thin, upright metal rods of Mike Shaffer’s “Ocean Motion” to jiggle and sway.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Obama suggested he still holds enough sway over the coalition of voters that elected him twice to get them to vote for him once again.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps just as important, the old warlord’s sway over hundreds of thousands of ethnic Uzbeks in the north may be weakening.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 摇摆; 歪，倾斜; 改变
vt. 使前后或来回摇摆; 使倾斜; [航海]升起桅杆
n. 摇摆; 支配，统治
时态：swayed, swaying, sways
分布：影响(46%)，摇摆(36%)，支配(13%)，摇动(5%)
vi.摇动;倾斜vt.使摇动n.摇动;影响力Anyway, the prayer swayed by me always goes away by subway.不管怎样,受我支配的祈祷者总是从地铁走向远方.
【参】swagger（n /v 大摇大摆；吹牛）
verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive
■to move slowly from side to side 摇摆，摆动
• The trees were swaying in the wind. 树在风中摇曳。
• The movement of the ship caused the mast to sway from side to side/backwards and forwards. 桅杆随着船的行驶左右／前后摇摆。
• A drunk was standing in the middle of the street, swaying uncertainly and trying hard to stay upright. 一个醉汉摇摇晃晃地站在街道中间，努力想要站直身子。
transitive
■to cause something to move or change 使移动，使改变
• Recent developments have swayed the balance of power in the region. 最近的发展使这个地区的实力均势产生了改变。
[sweɪ] verb
PERSUADE 说服
transitive
■to persuade someone to believe or do one thing rather than another 说服，使动摇
• Her speech failed to sway her colleagues into supporting the plan. 她的演说没能说服她的同事们支援这个计划。
[sweɪ] noun uncountable formal
■control or influence 控制，统治；影响
• In the 1980s, the organization came under the sway of (= became strongly influenced by) Christian fundamentalism. 在20世纪80年代，这个组织深受基督教基本教义的影响。
• Her parents no longer seem to have much sway over her. 她的父母似乎再也管不了她。
• The party could hold sway (= have an important imfluence) on some crucial votes. 该党可对一些关键选票施加重要影响。
sway, rock, swing
这组词都有“摇动”的意思，其区别是：
sway: 主要指树枝等的来回摇动。
rock: 多指猛烈地摇动或摇晃。
swing: 指有规律地前后、上下摆动，也可指不停地转动。
vt. 影响；统治；使摇动
 - affect, influence, impact of, impact on, reach
vi. 影响；摇摆
 - impact of, impact on, work on
n. 影响；摇摆；统治
 - effect, influence, infection, impression, governance

Word: serpent
Front: serpent
[ˈsɜ:pənt] (六 11649/12490 -1)
Vocabulary: serpent
(once / 367 pages)
n
A serpent is a snake. If you keep a serpent as a pet, you may have to get used to feeding it live mice.
While you're probably more likely to use the word snake for this slithery reptile, serpent tends to be the word that shows up in folk tales and mythology. Serpents have represented qualities ranging from evil to fertility to poison throughout history, and even today the symbol of medicine is a staff entwined by a serpent. The Latin root is serpentem, "creeping thing," from serpere, "to creep."
WORD FAMILY
serpent: serpents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, as if the Serpent himself were conducting the interview, the questions were slyly adorned with luring compliments.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Born just four months ago, the endangered serpents are among 50 newborns now in the Los Angeles Zoo’s care.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In Geneva Lake, witnesses saw a creature described as a giant scale-covered sea serpent as recently as the 20th century, Lewis said.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 蛇; 狡猾的人
分布：蛇(96%)，狡猾的人(3%)，蛇一般的人(1%)
→来自古法语 serpent,蛇，来自拉丁语 serpens,蛇，爬行生物，来自 serpere,爬行，来自 serp, 爬行，词源同 herpetology,herpes.
US ['sɝ:-] old use
noun countable
■a snake 蛇
n. [脊椎] 蛇（尤指大蛇或毒蛇）；狡猾的人
 - snake, fox

Word: petite
Front: petite
[pəˈti:t] (11652/15829 -1)
Vocabulary: petite
(once / 3003 pages)
adjn
If something is petite, it's tiny. Your mom might be so petite that she needs to sit on a telephone book when she drives the car.
The adjective petite is used to describe a small woman. When you call someone petite, it's usually meant as a compliment — implying that she is dainty and adorable. Many clothing stores offer petite sizes for women who are short. The word petite is the feminine form of little in French, and sometime in the 1700s it became used frequently in English literature to describe those who are small in stature.
WORD FAMILY
petite: petitely, petiteness, petites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A petite woman with an infectious enthusiasm, she spoke passionately about the lessons she was learning with Swades.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A big man, Jim fell often and required petite Virginia’s help to get back on his feet.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. <法>（女子）娇小的，柔弱的
n. 小号妇女服装
分布：小号妇女服装(100%)
→来自法语petit,小的，-e,表阴性。引申词义娇小的。
adjective approving
■If a woman or girl is petite, she is small and thin in an attractive way （女子）娇小的
• She was dark and petite, as all his wives had been. 她就像他以前的那些妻子一样，皮肤黑黑的，个子小小的。
■of a clothing size that is for small women （妇女服装）小号的

Word: beggar
Front: beggar
[ˈbegə(r)] (四六 11674/9846 -1)
Vocabulary: beggar
(once / 322 pages)
1nv 2v
A beggar is a poor person who asks others, or begs, for money or food. Another word for a beggar is a "panhandler," although both terms are vaguely offensive. No one wants to be a beggar.
Many people who are beggars are also homeless and haven't been able to find jobs. Sometimes people use the word in an informal, pitying way: "Poor little beggar, he works so hard!" Another informal term is "to beggar belief," as when something is so incredible that you find it hard to believe. Another expression is “beggars can’t be choosers” which means you get what you get and you don’t get upset.
WORD FAMILY
beggar: beggared, beggaring, beggarly, beggars
USAGE EXAMPLES
In December, beggars hawk Santa hats and felt reindeer antlers.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Harvey’s vision of our streets is that of a war-town world full of beggars and the forgotten.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Chief executive David Fakes said punishing Flynn for selling phenytoin capsules for less than phenytoin tablets "beggars belief".
Reuters(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 乞丐; 家伙
vt. 使贫困; 使无用
时态：beggared, beggaring, beggars
分布：乞丐(91%)，穷人(4%)，使贫穷(3%)，使不能(1%)，使不足(1%)
乞丐(beg乞求)[-ar 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a poor person who lives by asking others for money or food 乞丐，叫花子
■UK informal
■a person, especially when you are expressing an opinion about something that they have done, or that has happened to them 家伙
• You've won again, you lucky beggar. 你又赢了，你这个幸运的家伙！
• Those children have been running about in my rose garden again, the little beggars (= annoying people) ! 那些孩子又在我的玫瑰园里到处乱跑，真是些淘气的小家伙！
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
Beggars can't be choosers. saying
■said when you recognize that you must accept an offer or a situation because it is the only one available to you 要饭的哪能挑肥拣瘦；别无选择
• I would have preferred a house of my own rather than sharing, but beggars can't be choosers, I suppose. 我较喜欢独住一屋而不是跟别人住在一起，可是我想我不该挑三拣四的，是吧。
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive literary
■to make a person or organisation, etc. extremely poor 使（人或组织等）极度贫穷
UK ['beg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
beggar belief/description
■to be impossible to believe or describe 非言语所能形容，难以置信
• His cruelty beggared belief/description. 他凶残至极，简直令人难以置信／形容。
n. 乞丐；穷人；家伙
 - apple, customer, egg, fellow, guy
vt. 使贫穷；使沦为乞丐
 - impoverish, pauperize

Word: streamline
Front: streamline
[ˈstri:mlaɪn] (研六托 11669/12095 -1)
Vocabulary: streamline
(once / 3913 pages)
v
When you streamline something, you're simplifying it to make it more efficient or profitable.
When you think of streamlining, think of a bunch of streams coming together to form one stream. This word is about taking something complicated with a lot of parts and turning it into a simpler, sleeker thing. When companies streamline, they cut staff and reorganize to make the business run more smoothly and make more money. When an engineer streamlines a car design, he takes out all the unnecessary parts and makes the engine more efficient.
WORD FAMILY
streamline: streamlined, streamliner, streamlines, streamlining+/streamliner: streamliners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Listening to our new governor, though, it’s clear that any idea that would streamline state government is welcome.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Horn says he is working to help Arizona offer an online option to streamline the verification process there.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The streamlined version was much easier to read, the directions less cumbersome and more direct.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…做成流线型; 使现代化; 组织; 使简单化
n. 流线; 流线型
时态：streamlined, streamlining, streamlines
分布：使简化(50%)，使 ... 合理化(25%)，使 ... 成流线型(25%)
→stream,流动，line,线条。
a.流线型的vt.使成流线型;使合理化Under the guideline, the output of streamlined seamless liners declines linearly.在该方针的指引下,流线型无缝班机的产量直线下降.
verb transitive
SHAPE 形状
■to shape something so that it can move as effectively and quickly as possible through a liquid or gas 把…设计成流线型，使成流线型
• Streamlining cars increases their fuel efficiency. 把汽车设计成流线型可以提高汽车的燃油效率。
• The bodies of dolphins are more streamlined than those of porpoises. 海豚的体型比鼠海豚更具流线型特点。
['stri:m.laɪn] verb transitive
IMPROVE 改善
■to improve the effectiveness of an organization such as a business or government, often by making the way activities are performed simpler （常透过简化办事程式）使（机构）效率更高；简化
• The cost-cutting measures include streamlining administrative procedures in the company. 缩减开支的措施包括简化公司的行政管理程式。
• The government recently announced details of its plan to streamline the taxation system. 政府最近公布了精简税制的方案。
• Streamlining management could save at least 10 percent in costs. 提高管理效率至少可以节约10%开支。
n. [流] 流线；流线型
 - flowline, elementary stream
adj. [流] 流线型的
 - faired, clipper-built

Word: branch
Front: branch
[brɑ:ntʃ] (高研四雅 1807/1178 -K3)
Vocabulary: branch
(once / 67 pages)
1nv 2n
A branch can mean the "arm" of a tree, or any other kind of arm––a branch of a bank is a division of the bank.
Branch also works as a verb. If you play soccer every day after school and you want to "branch out" athletically, you might consider playing tennis. You might turn onto a little road that branches off a main one. A branch of a river is called a tributary.
WORD FAMILY
branch: branched, branches, branching, branchless, branchlet, branchy+/branched: unbranched/branching: branchings, unbranching/branchlet: branchlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
But its roots remain in New York, where its East Harlem branch, Youth Action/YouthBuild, is still in its original storefront.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She is currently weighing whether to run again and meanwhile is running Emerge Colorado, a branch of Emerge America.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Reversing them would appear as an olive branch from the new president to his Russian counterpart.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 树枝; 分支; 部门，分科; 支流
vi. 分支形成; 分支扩张; 扩大某人的兴趣，业务或活动范围; [计]下分支的指令
vt. 使分支; 使分叉; 用枝形叶脉刺绣花纹装饰
时态：branched, branching, branches
分布：分支(46%)，树枝(38%)，部门(6%)，分部(5%)，分店(3%)，分岔(2%)
→词源不详。可能来自break, 分开的。
n.(树)条,分支;分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流I bundled a bunch of branches and anchored it on the punching bench.我捆起一簇树枝,将它栓在冲压工作台上.
US [bræntʃ] noun countable
PART 部分
 ESSENTIAL
■a part of something larger 一部分；支族，旁系
• Immunology is a branch of biological science. 免疫学是生物科学的一个分支。
• One branch of their family (= One group of relatives) emigrated to Brazil. 他们家族的一支移居到了巴西。
• In the US, the president is part of the executive branch of the government. 在美国，总统是政府行政分支的一部分。
 ESSENTIAL
■one of the offices or groups that form part of a large business organization 分支机构；分部；分行；分店
• I used to work in the local branch of a large bank. 我曾在一家大型银行设在当地的分行工作。
• She's a branch manager. 她是个分部经理。
• Take the forms into your local branch office. 带着这些表格到你们的当地分部。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] noun countable
TREE PART 树的一部分
■one of the parts of a tree that grows out from the main trunk and has leaves, flowers or fruit on it 树枝
• bare/leafy/flowering branches 光秃秃／叶子茂密／开满花的树枝
• The fruit on the lower branches was protected from the sun. 下边树枝上的果子见不到阳光。
• Watch out for overhanging branches. 小心下垂的树枝。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] noun countable
RIVER 河
■a part of a river or road that leaves the main part 支流；岔路
• This branch of the river eventually empties into the Atlantic. 大河的这条支流最终注入大西洋。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] verb intransitive
TREE 树
■to produce branches 出枝；发出新枝
• The top of the tree had been cut off to encourage it to branch (out) lower down. 树冠已被砍去，目的是为了促使它从下面抽出新枝。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] verb intransitive
SPLIT 分裂
■to divide into two 分岔，岔开
• The road branches at the bottom of the hill. 公路在山脚下分岔。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  branch off
■If a road or path branches off, it goes in another direction （道路）岔开，分岔
• We drove down a narrow track that branched off from the main road. 我们行驶在一条从大路上分岔出来的窄路上。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  branch off sth
■to leave a main road by turning into a smaller road 离开（主路）
• We branched off the main route and went through the countryside. 我们驶离主路并从乡间穿过。
UK [brɑ:ntʃ] US [bræntʃ] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  branch out
■to start to do something different from what you usually do, especially in your job 涉足（尤指新工作）；扩展（业务）
• This designer has recently branched out into children's wear. 这位设计师最近开始设计童装。
• After a couple of years working for other people, she branched out on her own (= started her own business). 为别人打了几年工后，她开始自己创业。
shoot, bough, branch, limb
这组词都有“枝”的意思，其区别是：
shoot: 指植物或灌木刚长出的新枝、嫩枝或嫩芽。
bough: 指主枝或粗大强壮的枝。
branch: 普通用词，泛指树木比bough小一些的大枝或小枝，也可用于引申意义。
limb: 多指主枝或大枝。
n. [林] 树枝， [植] 分枝；分部； [地理] [水文] 支流
 - sticks, feeder

Word: prematurely
Front: prematurely
['premətʃə(r)lɪ] (11682/11200)
Back: adv. 过早地，贸然地
分布：过早地(50%)，早熟地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
过早的；太早的；提前的
Something that is premature happens earlier than usual or earlier than people expect.
例：Accidents are still the number one cause of premature death for Americans...交通事故仍然是造成美国人过早死亡的头号因素。
例：His career was brought to a premature end by a succession of knee injuries.因为膝盖接二连三地受伤，他的职业生涯提前结束了。
ADJ-GRADED
不成熟的；过早的；草率的
You can say that something is premature when it happens too early and is therefore inappropriate.
例：It now seems their optimism was premature...现在看来他们高兴得太早了。
例：I think it's premature for restaurants to come out with that advice.我认为餐馆提出那样的建议太草率了。
ADJ-GRADED
早产的
A premature baby is one that was born before the date when it was expected to be born.
例：Even very young premature babies respond to their mother's presence...即使是很小的早产儿也会对母亲的出现做出反应。
例：When my daughter Emma was born she was two and a half months premature.我女儿埃玛出生时提前了两个半月。
adv. 过早地；早熟地
 - precociously

Word: spasm
Front: spasm
[ˈspæzəm] (11667/12447 -1)
Vocabulary: spasm
(once / 1621 pages)
1n 2n
A spasm is a sudden constriction of a muscle or blood vessel. This idea can be generalized to anything that occurs suddenly and lasts a short while. Except for a brief spasm of yard work, you had a perfectly lazy Sunday.
The Greeks had a word called spasmós, which meant "to cramp or convulse." It also meant "to tear away or violently pull," which, if you've ever suffered a muscle spasm you know is a good definition. The word had a physical meaning up until around 1817, when it came to include the abstract. When you were invited to go hiking in the redwood forest, you could hardly control your spasms of joy. Make sure you stretch before hiking, so you don't get muscle spasms.
WORD FAMILY
spasm: spasms
USAGE EXAMPLES
The former is prescribed for the painful muscle spasms that occur in multiple sclerosis, while the latter is aimed at childhood seizures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The crime was one of the last spasms of ’60s-style, left-wing violence.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Citizens engage in politics in unpredictable and irrational ways, as if reacting to sudden spasms of pain.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 痉挛; 抽搐; （能量、行为等的）突发; 发作
分布：痉挛(86%)，抽筋(8%)，感情等的）一阵发作(3%)，（动作(3%)
→来自拉丁语 spasmus,来自希腊语 spasmos,痉挛，抽搐，来自 spe,拉长，拉伸，词源同 span,spade,-asm,名词后缀。
【记】s死，pas＝pass，m妈妈：妈妈死了，pass了，是因为得了痉挛。
【参】spasmodic（adj 痉挛的；间歇性的）
noun countable or uncountable
■when a muscle suddenly and uncontrollably becomes tighter 抽搐，痉挛
• a muscle/muscular spasm 肌肉抽搐
• mainly UK My leg suddenly went into spasm. 我的腿突然抽筋了。
spasm of sth
■a short period of something, especially something uncontrollable （尤指难以控制的）一阵…
• a spasm of guilt/coughing/laughing 一阵内疚／咳嗽／大笑
n. [临床] 痉挛；抽搐；一阵发作
 - fit, tic

Word: matchup
Front: matchup
[mætʃʌp] (11693/-)
Back: n. 火柴; 比赛; 竞赛; 匹配
v. 相配; 相称; 相比
分布：匹配(54%)，对手(33%)，配偶(13%)
vi. 比赛；相称；匹配；相配；相比
 - suit, balance
n. 比赛；匹配；火柴；竞赛
 - competition, game, tournament, play, contest
vt. 使相称；使匹配；使相配
 - balance, symmetrize

Word: real-world
Front: real-world
None None
Back: 存在于现实世界的；真实的
分布：实际生活的(50%)，现实的(50%)
adj. 现实生活的；工作的
 - working

Word: staging
Front: staging
[ˈsteɪdʒɪŋ] (11670/12268)
Back: n. 分段运输; 工作台
分布：演出(44%)，脚手架(40%)，动词stage的现在分词.(8%)，临时台架(8%)
noun countable
■the performance of a play or show 上演，演出
• The production is a modern staging of the fairy tale 'Cinderella'. 这部剧是童话故事《灰姑娘》的现代版。
n. 上演；分段运输；脚手架；乘驿马车的旅行
 - false work, lding
v. 表演；展现；分阶段进行；筹划（stage的ing形式）
 - performing, mapping, cooking

Word: discontinue
Front: discontinue
[ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju:] (11673/11703 -1)
Vocabulary: discontinue
(once / 1632 pages)
v
To discontinue something is to stop it. If you've grown bored with the magazine you get in the mail every month, you can discontinue your subscription.
You discontinue things that you want to quit doing or otherwise want to bring to an end. A company also might discontinue a product, or stop making it — you'll be sad if a candy maker discontinues your favorite jelly beans. The word discontinue combines dis-, or "not," with continue, which comes from the Latin continuare, "join together, connect, or make continuous."
WORD FAMILY
discontinue: discontinuance, discontinuation, discontinued, discontinues, discontinuing+/continuance: continuances/continuation: continuations/ continue: continuance, continuation, continued, continues, continuing, discontinue / continuing: continuingly/discontinuance: discontinuances/discontinuation: discontinuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government rejected that move, saying there was no need to discontinue the country’s 5,000-rupee note, worth about $48.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Shortly after the Supreme Court decision the IU board of trustees discontinued domestic partner benefits.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The treatment was discontinued in mid-December after it did not lead to any improvements in Luke’s condition.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）终止，中断，中止
时态：discontinued, discontinuing, discontinues
分布：停止(64%)，中断(25%)，中止(11%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。continue, 继续。
[ˌdɪs.kən'tɪn.ju:] formal
verb transitive
■to stop doing or providing something 停止，中止
• The bank is discontinuing its Saturday service. 这家银行将停止周六营业。
vt. 停止；使中止
 - cheese, quit
vi. 停止，中断
 - desist from, come to a stop

Word: small-scale
Front: small-scale
[ˈsmɔ:lˈskeɪl] (-1)
Back: adj. 小规模的; 小型的; 小比例尺的（地图）
分布：小规模的(80%)，小比例的(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
小规模的;小型的
A small-scale activity or organization is small in size and limited in extent.
例：...the small-scale production of farmhouse cheeses in Devon.德文郡农家乳酪的小规模生产
adj. 小规模的
 - petty, miniature

Word: intermediary
Front: intermediary
[ˌɪntəˈmi:diəri] (托宝 11705/8178 -1)
Vocabulary: intermediary
(once / 4065 pages)
n
An intermediary is someone who acts as a go-between or a mediator between two other people. Be careful when you're the intermediary between two friends who are fighting, because they might both end up mad at you!
The word intermediary comes from the Latin intermedius, which is also the root word for intermediate. Inter- means between, and medius means the middle — intermediary retains that sense of being in the middle. Intermediaries are used to negotiate between two countries who are at odds, between a company and a client over a contract, between two bickering children, or between a boss and an employee in salary negotiations.
WORD FAMILY
intermediary: intermediaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bundling is when an individual or intermediary group collects many contributions on behalf of a candidate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Now Campos buys staples from intermediaries he suspects are working with the same military officials.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
One of them, a rabbi, declined to comment through an intermediary.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 中间人的; 调解的; 居间的; 媒介的
n. 中间人; 媒介; 调解人; 中间阶段
分布：中介(93%)，中间的(3%)，媒介的(2%)，仲裁者(1%)，调解者(1%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-med,中间，词源同middle,mediate.引申词义中间人，调解人。
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet 调解人，中间人
• The police negotiated with the gunman through an intermediary. 警方透过调解人与持枪歹徒谈判。
• The former president has agreed to act as an intermediary between the government and the rebels. 前总统已经同意在政府和叛军之间充当调解人。
adj. 中间的；媒介的；中途的
 - mid, medium, middle
n. 中间人；仲裁者；调解者；媒介物
 - vehicle, carriers