Title: COCA-1W2-1W4

Word: prognosis
Front: prognosis
[prɒgˈnəʊsɪs] (宝 11704/12677 -1)
Vocabulary: prognosis
(once / 2521 pages)
n
If you come down with an illness, you might ask your doctor what your prognosis is. A prognosis is a prediction about the course of a disease.
Prognosis comes from the Greek pro- "before" and gnosis "knowledge." It means to know beforehand, but keep in mind that it is only a probable outcome and not a sure thing. Financial analysts frequently change their prognosis of the economy as they hear each piece of good or bad economic news. And if the weather prognosis is sunny and dry, but you see dark clouds forming, you would be wise to pack an umbrella.
WORD FAMILY
prognosis: prognoses, prognostic, prognosticate +/prognostic: prognostically, prognostics/ prognosticate: prognosticated, prognosticates, prognosticating, prognostication, prognosticative, prognosticator/ prognostication: prognostications/prognosticative: nonprognosticative/prognosticator: prognosticators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think his prognosis because of them is extremely good.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Bridgewater’s prognosis is uncertain after dislocating his left knee and tearing multiple ligaments, including the ACL, in practice in late August.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But perhaps the finality of the prognosis was in some sense also a blessing.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. [医]预后，判病结局; 预测
分布：预后(88%)，预测(11%)，预断病情(1%)
→来自pro-,向前，提前，-gn,知道，词源同know,cognizant.-osis,状态后缀。引申词义预断，预测。
预测,诊断(pro在前+gnost+is→预先知道→预测)[gnos(t),gnor=know,表示"知道"]
US [prɑ:g'noʊ-] (plural prognoses)
noun countable (also prognostication) formal
■a doctor's judgment of the likely or expected development of a disease or of the chances of getting better 预后，预断（指医生对病情发展的预测）
• The prognosis after the operation was for a full recovery. 手术后的预后结果是完全康复。
■a statement of what is judged likely to happen in the future, especially in connection with a particular situation 预测，展望
• I was reading a gloomy economic prognosis in the paper this morning. 今天早上我在看报纸上某一篇悲观的经济预测文章。
n. [医] 预后；预知
 - foreknowledge, prevision

Word: miraculously
Front: miraculously
[mɪ'rækjələslɪ] (11686/11785)
Back: adv. 奇迹般地
分布：奇迹般地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
神奇的;奇迹般的;不可思议的
If you describe a good event as miraculous, you mean that it is very surprising and unexpected.
例：The horse made a miraculous recovery to finish a close third.这匹马奇迹般地恢复了状态，以微弱的劣势位居第三。
例：...a miraculous escape...奇迹般的逃脱
ADJ
超自然的；神奇的
If someone describes a wonderful event as miraculous, they believe that the event was caused by God.
例：...miraculous healing.奇迹般的痊愈
例：...miraculous powers.神奇的力量
adv. 奇迹般地；神奇地；非凡地；出乎意料地
 - unexpectedly, marvelously

Word: queer
Front: queer
[kwɪə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 11708/12553 -1)
Vocabulary: queer
(once / 196 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3v
Queer originally just meant "weird," but it's unfortunately evolved into an offensive term for "homosexual."
Like many words, queer has many meanings. One is "odd," as in "I feel kind of queer today." The other is "gay." Calling someone queer is a slur: it has about the same meaning and level of offensiveness as fag. As a verb, queering can mean to endanger or expose to risk, and also to hinder, thwart, foil, or baffle. As usual, you can figure out which meaning of queer someone intends by the other words around it.
WORD FAMILY
queer: queered, queerer, queerest, queering, queerly, queerness, queers+/queerness: queernesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was not coming from women, people of colour, or queer people organising for their civil rights, on campus or elsewhere.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
This was just another day on the internet, where people – disproportionately women, people of color and queer people – are harassed, abused, bullied, intimidated and threatened.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
It will be motivating and fortifying to see queer and trans artists respond to tyrannical opposition.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的; 可疑的; 不适的; 〈俚〉同性恋的
n. <贬>同性恋者; 怪人; 伪造的货币
vt. 搞糟; 使陷于不利地位
时态：queered, queering, queers
分布：奇怪的(46%)，古怪的(35%)，可疑的(15%)，使陷入不利(2%)，把...弄糟(2%)
→来自德语quer,奇怪的，变态的，来自terkw,弯，转，词源同turn,torque.比喻用法，引申 词义同性恋。字母t,q 音变，比较quarter,tetragram.
a.奇怪的,古怪的The peer's queer peering is a sheer sneer.贵族的奇怪盯着看是完全讽笑.
【记】que缺，er耳：缺了一个耳朵－古怪的
US [kwɪr] adjective
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的 offensive
■(especially of a man) homosexual （尤指男子）同性恋的
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] adjective
STRANGE 奇怪的 old-fashioned
■strange, unusual or not expected 怪异的，古怪的，异常的
• What a queer thing to say! 多么奇怪的事啊！
• I'm feeling rather queer (= ill) , may I sit down? 我感觉很不舒服，可以坐下吗？
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] noun countable offensive
■a homosexual, especially a man 同性恋者；（尤指）男同性恋者
UK [kwɪər] US [kwɪr] verb UK informal
queer sb's pitch
■to spoil a chance or an opportunity for someone, often on purpose （故意）破坏（某人的）机会
• If she asks Ian for a pay rise before I do, it will probably queer my pitch. 要是她比我先向伊恩提出加薪的要求，那可能会毁了我加薪的机会。
eccentric, peculiar, strange, queer, curious, crazy, funny, odd, singular, quaint
这组词都有“奇怪的，奇异的，新奇的”的意思，其区别是：
eccentric: 指偏离常规的怪异或怪癖。
peculiar: 侧重令人奇怪的或独一无二的特性，也指性格特征方面显著的与众不同之处。
strange: 普通常用词，含义广泛，指陌生新奇、奇怪、奇怪或不自然的人或物。
queer: 指一种无法解释的怪诞，强调事物的奇特和不可思议。
curious: 通常指非常特别或能引起注意、研究或探索的奇特。
crazy: 多指与众不同的行为、外表或人与物本身，含荒唐可笑或神经不正常的意味。
funny: 较通俗用词，指奇怪得滑稽可笑或反常。
odd: 通常指不规律、偶尔出现的人或事物，往往令人困惑或奇怪。
singular: 通常指异常或奇特，暗含不同于一般。
quaint: 指古色古香，会人感到既奇怪又有趣。
adj. 奇怪的；同性恋的；不舒服的；心智不平衡的
 - strange, uncomfortable
vt. 搞糟；使陷于不利地位
 - make a mess of, foul up
n. 同性恋者；怪人；伪造的货币
 - put, gay

Word: segregated
Front: segregated
[ˈseɡriɡeitid] (11680/20622 -1)
Vocabulary: segregated
(once / 5054 pages)
adj
Segregated means separated. Some people think it’s a good idea to keep boys and girls segregated — or separated from each other — at school. Others believe that boys and girls should learn in the same classrooms.
One person can be segregated from a group, as when a sick person is kept in isolation so others don’t become infected. Whole groups of people can also be segregated from each other. Since the late 1800s, segregated has been used in reference to the forced exclusion of African Americans from places where only whites were allowed, including schools, movie theaters, and train cars. The Latin root is segregare, "separated from the flock."
WORD FAMILY
segregated: nonsegregated, unsegregated+/desegregate: desegregated, desegregates, desegregating, desegregation / segregate: desegregate, segregated, segregates, segregating, segregation, segregator/ segregation: segregationism, segregations/segregationism: segregationist / segregationist: segregationists/segregator: segregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Lorraine, I learn, catered to black travelers at a time when the much of the South — including Memphis — remained segregated.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
An only child, he attended a segregated school.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
"The government must focus on integrating those small pockets of people living in segregated communities. Instead, they are creating hostility towards all minority communities."
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 分开的; 被隔离的
v. 隔离(segregate的过去式和过去分词); 分离
分布：隔离(59%)，分离(28%)，分离的(8%)，分凝(5%)
ADJ
(因种族、性别、宗教不同而)隔离的，分开的
Segregated buildings or areas are kept for the use of one group of people who are the same race, sex, or religion, and no other group is allowed to use them.
例：...racially segregated schools...实行种族隔离制度的学校
例：John grew up in Baltimore when that city was segregated.约翰在巴尔的摩长大，当时该市还在实行种族隔离制度。

Word: etiquette
Front: etiquette
[ˈetɪket] (托雅宝 11679/14358 -1)
Vocabulary: etiquette
(once / 1050 pages)
n
Etiquette is a code of polite conduct. If you practice proper etiquette, you are less likely to offend or annoy people — and you may even charm them.
Many people think etiquette is about table manners in fancy restaurants, but quite simply, it is expected behavior that shows respect, meant to make everyone feel comfortable. For example, an etiquette book will tell you to bring a little gift when you are a dinner guest in someone's home, especially if it is your first visit — you know what is expected of you, and your gift shows respect and gratitude.
WORD FAMILY
etiquette: etiquettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s never acceptable etiquette to “wear” a napkin.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
A lesson in selfie etiquette is followed by one on social networking.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
After decades of fruitlessly scanning the skies for alien messages, scientists say it’s time to try a basic rule of etiquette: Say “hello” first.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 礼仪，礼节; 规矩; 礼数
分布：礼仪(68%)，礼节(27%)，规矩(5%)
→词源同stick, 小木棍，粘，连。原义为粘贴的小卡片，来自法国路易十四时期，给大臣发一张写上注意事项的小卡片，以提醒需要注意的行为和举止。参照同源词ticket.
礼仪,礼节(etiqu坚持+ette...坚持礼貌态度)[-ette表名词"小的东西或状态"]
【记】e出，tiquette＝ticket（n 票）－凭票出入－礼节eit读：IT，que缺，tte它－IT人士一般都不能缺礼节
US ['etˌ.ɪ.kət] noun uncountable
■the set of rules or customs which control accepted behaviour in particular social groups or social situations 礼仪，礼节；规范，规矩
• (Social) etiquette dictates that men cannot sit while women are standing. （社交）礼仪要求在女士站立时，男士不能入座。
• Diplomatic etiquette forbids calling for the death of a national leader. 外交礼节禁止公开要求处死国家领导人。
n. 礼节，礼仪；规矩
 - ceremony, manner, protocol

Word: deportation
Front: deportation
[ˌdi:pɔ:'teɪʃn] (六宝 11709/15997)
Vocabulary: deportation
(once / 4543 pages)
n
Deportation is the act of throwing a foreigner out of a country, whether they are a resident or an intruder.
If you've ever heard that someone was deported — expelled from a country — then you can probably guess that deportation is the act of that happening. Deportation can involve a resident of a country who is tossed out because of a crime. Often, deportation happens to people who enter a country illegally and are caught. A citizen of a country is usually safe from deportation. Deportation means something close to exile. When you see the word deportation, think “Goodbye.”
WORD FAMILY
deportation: deportations+/ deport: deportation, deported, deportee, deporting, deportment, deports/deportee: deportees/ deportment: deportments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish immigration authorities informed the Brunsons that they would be detained pending deportation from the country.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump, who campaigned on building a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border and endorsed mass deportations, effectively rejected the recommendation — and won anyway.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
They argue that skipping the lengthier deportation procedures deprives people of the opportunity to claim asylum.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 驱逐出境，放逐; 递解出境
分布：驱逐(55%)，驱逐出境(39%)，放逐(6%)
驱逐出境(deport+ation)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
VERB
驱逐(非本国居民)出境
If a government deports someone, usually someone who is not a citizen of that country, it sends them out of the country because they have committed a crime or because it believes they do not have the right to be there.
例：...a government decision earlier this month to deport all illegal immigrants...本月早些时候出台的将所有非法移民驱逐出境的政府决议
例：More than 240 England football fans are being deported from Italy following riots last night.昨晚的骚乱发生后有240多名英格兰球迷被驱逐出意大利。
n. 驱逐出境；放逐
 - renvoi, Pushing Me Away

Word: bourbon
Front: bourbon
[ˈbɜ:bən] (11706/24379 -1)
Vocabulary: bourbon
(once / 24573 pages)
n
Bourbon is a type of barrel-aged whiskey made in Kentucky. This is a strong, but popular, type of liquor.
Bourbon may be French in origin, but the whiskey bearing this name is all-American: it’s named for Bourbon County, Kentucky. Bourbon isn't the kind of alcohol you can drink a pint of, like beer. Bourbon has a strong, bitter taste and it's very high in alcohol. Bourbon is made from corn, malt, and rye, and it's aged in barrels: this adds to the taste and potency. Visitors to Kentucky love to tour bourbon distilleries.
WORD FAMILY
bourbon: bourbons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Glatter recommended staying away from dark-colored liquors such as bourbon and whiskey.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Eggnog surfaces during the holiday season when it is typically combined with brandy, bourbon or rum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The lightest was aged in American oak and reminded me of bourbon.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 波旁威士忌; 一杯波旁威士忌酒
分布：波旁威士忌(64%)，波旁皇族(26%)，反动分子(10%)
→产于美国Bourbon County的威士忌酒。该郡因当时的法国Bourbon 王朝支持而从英国获得独立，为感谢Bourbon王朝的帮助而以Bourbon命名。
US ['bɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of American whiskey （美国产的）波本威士忌酒

Word: skirt
Front: skirt
[skɜ:t] (中高雅宝 3637/3590 -K2)
Back: n. 裙子; 边缘; （连衣裙、外衣等的）下摆; （车辆或机器基座的）挡板
vt. & vi. 位于…的边缘; 沿…的边缘走; 绕开; 避开
时态：skirted, skirting, skirts
分布：裙子(87%)，绕开(5%)，边缘(3%)，下摆(3%)，挡板(1%)，郊区(1%)
→来自 shirt 对词形式，后产生词义上的分化，shirt 用于指男士衬衫，该词用于指女裙，裙摆， 并引申比喻义挡板，裙板，环绕等，如 outskirt,外围，郊区。
n.裙子;边缘,郊区The virtueless girl's duty is to wash the dirty shirts and skirts in the outskirts.无美德女孩的职责就是在郊区洗脏衬衣和裙子.
【记】穿skirt的女人擅长skirt问题。
【反】seek（v 寻找；探索）；face（v 面对；面临）
US [skɝ:t] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a piece of clothing for women and girls that hangs from the waist and does not have legs 女裙，半身裙
• a long/short skirt 长／短裙
■an outer covering or part to protect particular machines （保护机器的）外罩，护板
UK [skɜ:t] US [skɝ:t] verb transitive intransitive + prep (also skirt around/round)
■to be on or move along the edge of something; to avoid 位于…的边缘；环绕…的四周；沿…的边缘走；避免
• Take the road which skirts (round) the village, not the one which goes through it. 沿村边的那条路走，不要走穿过村庄的那条路。
■to avoid discussing a subject or problem, usually because there are difficulties that you do not want to deal with 避开，绕开（某话题或问题）
• Though the government has promised to deal with drug abuse, it has been accused of skirting round the issue. 虽然政府承诺要解决毒品滥用问题，但还是被指责在闪躲回避。
n. 裙子
 - petticoat
vt. 绕过，回避；位于…边缘
 - move round, shun
vi. 沿边走，绕开；环绕
 - steer clear of, circle round

Word: intestine
Front: intestine
[ɪnˈtestɪn] (托宝 11678/9135 -1)
Vocabulary: intestine
(once / 1276 pages)
n
When you eat food, it first passes into your stomach, and then into your intestine. Fun fact: your large intestine is about five feet long. Makes you wonder why they don't call it your "long intestine" instead.
The human intestine is split into two sections: the small intestine and the large intestine. Your intestine's job is to continue breaking down the food you've eaten and absorb nutrients into your bloodstream. Intestine comes from the Latin word intestinum, "gut" or "bowels," which is the neuter form of the adjective intestinus, "inward" or "internal."
WORD FAMILY
intestine: intestinal, intestines+/intestinal: intestinally
USAGE EXAMPLES
He would cut away most of their stomachs and reroute their small intestines.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
When Adams's drugs stopped working and his intestine seemed to be in danger of rupturing, his doctors advised surgery.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
The scaffold also needs to be able to contract, because this is the process that moves the intestine's contents along.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. [解]肠
adj. 内部的; 国内的
分布：肠(98%)，国内的(1%)，内部的(1%)
→来自拉丁语intus,在内部，在里面，词源同enter,enteritis.引申词义肠。
【记】in里面，test检查，ine－如果拉肚子就应该在肚子里面检查一下是否肠子出了问题？－肠子
noun countable usually plural
■(either of the two parts of) a long tube through which food travels from the stomach and out of the body while it is being digested 肠
• Antibodies from the mother's milk line the baby's intestines and prevent infection. 来自母乳的抗体遍布在婴儿的肠道中，能防止感染。
adj. 内部的；国内的
 - inner, domestic, inside, home
n. [解剖] 肠
 - enteron, bowel

Word: caress
Front: caress
[kəˈres] (研托宝 11683/10613 -1)
Vocabulary: caress
(once / 429 pages)
vn
To caress someone or something means to stroke it gently in a loving or affectionate manner. Don't you love to caress the soft fur of your pet hamster or cat?
The word caress can be either a verb or a noun, both of which refer primarily to the affectionate petting or stroking of another. You can also use caress to mean any sort of kind or loving action, and it can be accomplished by things other than people. The soft wind can caress your skin as you walk towards the ocean’s edge. And who doesn't love the caress of smooth silk sheets against your skin when you get into bed?!
WORD FAMILY
caress: caressed, caresses, caressing+/caressing: caressings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sher delivers an eloquent performance in which words are caressed, sentences are elucidated, and the art of elocution is grandly paraded.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
She caressed my pillow; I knew she was afraid to touch me and cause me pain.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
It shares with Wagner’s ‘Parsifal’ this idea of the wound of the world, and of a piece of music that can heal with its caress.”
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 爱抚，抚摸; 接吻; 拥抱
vt. 爱抚，抚摸; 怜爱，宠爱; 亲吻
时态：caressed, caressing, caresses
分布：爱抚(47%)，抚摸(34%)，拥抱(12%)，怜爱(7%)
→来自PIE *ka, 爱，喜欢。词源同charity, whore(爱人，委婉语妓女).
爱抚,拥抱[car,char=dear,表示"可爱的"]
vt.／n.爱抚,抚摸The hosttess caress the kitten in her arm.女主人把小猫抱在臂弯里抚摸着.
【记】读：可爱死了－爱抚
verb intransitive or transitive
■to touch or kiss someone in a gentle and loving way 爱抚；抚摸；亲吻
• Gently he caressed her cheek. 他轻抚她的脸颊。
vt. 爱抚，抚抱
 - daut, dawt
n. 爱抚，拥抱；接吻
 - petting, embracement

Word: galactic
Front: galactic
[gəˈlæktɪk] (11715/26513)
Vocabulary: galactic
(once / 9769 pages)
1adj 2adj
Galactic things relate to a galaxy, a complex system of stars, especially the one in which we live. The very middle of our galaxy can be called the galactic center.
When something's described as galactic, it usually has something to do with astronomy. The adjective is good for talking about the characteristics of our galaxy, or specifying that something exists within our galaxy. Galactic can also be used informally to simply mean huge: "Did you see the size of their house? It's galactic!" The word, along with galaxy, comes from the Greek phrase galaxias kyklos, "milky circle."
WORD FAMILY
galactic: galactically, intergalactic +/ galaxy: galactic, galaxies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Call it moviegoers hungry for a sassy robot and some daring acts of galactic rebellion.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She revisited the role as the leader of a galactic rebellion in three sequels, including last year’s Star Wars: The Force Awakens.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
With the Death Star undergoing its final quality assurance tests, the evil Galactic Empire is very much in the ascendant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 银河的
分布：星系的(38%)，银河系的(33%)，巨大的(19%)，乳汁的(10%)
→来自galaxy, 银河系。拼写比较climax, climactic.
adjective
■relating to the Galaxy or other galaxies 银河的；星系的
• inter-galactic travel 星系间的旅游
adj. 银河的；乳汁的
 - lactic

Word: crushing
Front: crushing
[ˈkrʌʃɪŋ] (11695/13946)
Vocabulary: crushing
(once / 762 pages)
adjn
Something that's crushing is terribly upsetting or overwhelming. Your favorite team's crushing loss to its rival comes as a huge, disappointing surprise.
The adjective crushing can be used to describe physical devastation, like a boxer's crushing blow to his opponent's face, but it more often describes a humiliating or dismaying situation. Bad news might be a crushing blow, and being turned down for a date to the prom could feel like a crushing rejection. Crushing comes from the Old French cruissir, a variation on croissir, "to gnash, crash, or break."
WORD FAMILY
crushing: crushingly, crushings+/ crush: crushed, crusher, crushes, crushing /crusher: crushers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The older woman is instructing the younger one, who is lost in thought in the midst of crushing garlic with a copper mortar and pestle.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
For Kubiak, it happened with a crushing overtime loss to the Chiefs on Nov. 27.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
But in the glaring spotlight of a crushing 34-31 defeat to the Arizona Cardinals, all the Seahawks’ warts and blemishes re-emerged in vivid detail.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 压倒的; 决定性的; 支离破碎的
v. 压碎，压坏( crush的现在分词); 镇压，征服; 冲入(crush的现在分词)
分布：毁灭性的(41%)，压倒的(22%)，支离破碎的(19%)，决定性的(13%)，动词crush的现在分词形式.(5%)
adjective
■severe
• The news came as a crushing blow. 这消息是个毁灭性的打击。
• Their army had suffered a crushing defeat. 他们的军队遭到了重挫。
adj. 压倒的；决定性的；不能站起来；支离破碎的
 - crucial, critical, final, decisive
v. 压破，征服，冲入（crush的过去式和过去分词形式）
 - vanquished

Word: inadequacy
Front: inadequacy
[ɪnˈædɪkwəsi] (11716/7610 -1)
Vocabulary: inadequacy
(once / 4636 pages)
n
An inadequacy is something that is not enough. If you get a bad grade, it may reveal an inadequacy in your approach to studying.
The syllable qua in inadequacy rhymes with duh, and the accent is on the second syllable: "in-AD-uh-quh-see." You know that in- means "not," and the suffix y means "the quality or state of." But what is that middle part? Adaequare is the Latin word for "to make equal." So, inadequacy is the state of not being equal — or enough — for something.
WORD FAMILY
inadequacy: inadequacies+/ adequacy: adequacies, inadequacy / adequate: adequacy, adequately, adequateness, inadequate / inadequate: inadequately, inadequateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The collapse of Corinthian and the inadequacy of existing borrower defense language led the department to undertake a massive rewrite of the regulations.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
After limited changes to the country’s judiciary were passed by parliament in 2015, the justice minister, Hristo Ivanov, resigned in protest over their inadequacy.
Economist(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 不充分，不适当; 不完全; [医]官能不足，机能不全; 不十分
分布：不足(72%)，不充分(14%)，缺陷(7%)，不胜任(4%)，缺乏信心(3%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■when something is not good enough or too small in amount 不够好；劣质
• Economic growth is hindered by the inadequacies of the public transport system. 经济发展受制于公共交通运输系统的不完善。
• The inadequacy of the budget is likely to cause problems. 预算的不足有可能会导致问题。
uncountable
■a lack of confidence which makes you feel unable to deal with a situation （处理事情）信心不足
• I always suffer from feelings of inadequacy when I'm with him. 和他在一起时总觉得自己不如他，这让我感到不舒服。
n. 不适当，不充分；不完全；不十分
 - insufficiency, impropriety

Word: inland
Front: inland
[ˌɪnˈlænd] (高研六托雅 11233/5084 -2)
Vocabulary: inland
(once / 547 pages)
adjadv
Inland means far away from the ocean, or in the very middle of a country. If you were born and grew up in Kansas, you're familiar with inland living.
The opposite of inland is coastal. When you travel to the rocky coast of Maine or the soft sandy beaches of Florida, you're far from being inland — you return to your inland home town when you fly back to Gary, Indiana. Inland comes from the Old English inn lond, "land around the mansion of an estate," and it began to mean "land far from the coast" in the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
inland: inlander, inlands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Being inland limits the number of internationally touring artists we get, and country and Americana music sometimes overshadow all else.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Detectives are investigating whether the thief is connected to fires in Irvine and the Inland Empire as well, Bertagna said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Inland Empire city started 2016 mourning the losses from a shocking terrorist attack.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 内地的，内陆的; 国内的
adv. 向内地，在内地; 向内陆，在内陆
n. 内地，内陆; 国内
分布：内陆(79%)，内陆地(9%)，内陆的(8%)，国内的(4%)
→in-,在内，在里，land,陆地。
a./ad.国内,内地,内陆Seabirds sometimes fly inland.海鸟有时飞向内陆.
adjective [before noun]
■in the middle of a country, away from the sea 内陆的，内地的
• The Black Sea is a large inland sea. 黑海是一个很大的内海。
['ɪn.lənd] [-lænd] [ˌ-'-] adverb
■towards the middle of a country, away from the sea 向（或在）内陆，向（或在）内地
• Seabirds often come inland to find food. 海鸟经常到内陆觅食。
n. 内地； [地理] 内陆
 - hinterland, outback
adj. [地理] 内陆的；内地的；国内的
 - internal, domestic, home
adv. 在内地；向内地； [地理] 向内陆；在内陆
 - inwardly, inclusively

Word: riddle
Front: riddle
[ˈrɪdl] (中高研四六托宝 11712/13883 -1)
Vocabulary: riddle
(once / 705 pages)
1vn 2nv
What's a question or problem that requires a bit of thought before you answer? It's a riddle, of course. The verb riddle can mean to speak in a puzzling fashion, though that use is not very common.
The word riddle might put you in mind of such brain-teasers as "Why did the chicken cross the road?", but riddles actually have a distinguished history in English literature going back to the 10th century. Today, you often find riddle used to mean a hard problem or question to figure out. Is it a riddle to you why you have to go to school? In an unrelated use, if something is riddled with holes, there are many holes in it, quite possible from bullets!
WORD FAMILY
riddle: riddled, riddles, riddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the end they passed billions of dollars in taxes and balanced a budget riddled with holes.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
However, the tax is riddled with so many exemptions, deductions and credits that most corporations pay much less.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
That’s the riddle confronting investors in Pershing Square Holdings Ltd., the closed-end fund run by the prominent activist investor Bill Ackman.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 粗筛; 谜语; 猜不透的难题，难解之谜
v. 用筛分选（卵石等），筛分; 用子弹把耙子打成蜂窝似的; 精查（证据）; 解（谜），猜
时态：riddled, riddling, riddles
分布：谜(74%)，谜语(21%)，解谜(2%)，出谜题(1%)，充满(1%)，筛选(1%)
→词源同 read,读，理解，猜测，-le,小词后缀。引申词义谜，谜语。
n.谜,谜语The odd man added an additional riddle to the middle of the saddle.那个怪人把一个额外的谜语添加到鞍座中间.
noun
QUESTION 问题
countable
■a type of question which describes something in a difficult and confusing way, and which has a clever or funny answer, often asked as a game 谜；谜语
countable usually singular
■something which is confusing, or a problem which is difficult to solve 奥秘；费解之事
• Scientists may have solved the riddle of Saturn's rings. 科学家们或许已经揭开了土星环的奥秘。
['rɪd.l] noun
talk/speak in riddles
■to say things in a confusing way 说话令人莫名其妙，说话像打哑谜
['rɪd.l] verb transitive
■to make a lot of holes in something 使布满洞孔
• The anti-aircraft guns riddled the plane's wings with bullets. 高射炮炮弹把机翼打得千疮百孔。
puzzle, mystery, riddle, problem
这组词都有“谜、难题”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 语气较强，指复杂令人费解的情况或问题。
mystery: 指常人难以认识其起因或性质的奥秘，或指有意不让人理解的奥妙。
riddle: 指供人猜的谜语游戏，也可指终究会有解答的难题。
problem: 指有待探讨的疑难问题，也可指令人困惑的情况。
n. 谜语； [矿业] 粗筛；谜一般的人、东西、事情等
 - brainteaser, conundrum

Word: immature
Front: immature
[ˌɪməˈtjʊə(r)] (11697/9681 -1)
Vocabulary: immature
(once / 2755 pages)
adj
Use the adjective immature to describe something that is not fully grown: “Elizabeth rescued an immature sparrow that had fallen from its nest during the storm.”
When used in a general sense, immature describes something in an early stage of development, such as an immature fruit tree or an immature political system. When applied to people, however, immature is often used to describe someone who behaves in a childish way. So if your 42-year-old brother spends the entire holiday weekend playing video games and then throws a temper tantrum when you ask him to help with the dishes, the word you’re looking for to describe him is probably immature.
WORD FAMILY
immature: immaturely, immatureness, immaturity +/ immaturity: immaturities/maturate: maturates, maturating, maturation / maturation: maturational / mature: immature, maturate, matured, maturely, maturement, matureness, maturer, matures, maturest, maturing, maturity / maturity: maturities, post-maturity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both seem immature in their appreciation of the needs of others.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
I was sixteen, so I confess that my behavior was immature.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
He’s immature, his romantic partner’s friends do not like him, and now he’s pushing his partner to ignore all misgivings and move in with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不成熟的; 未完成的; 粗糙的; 幼小
分布：不成熟的(100%)
→im-,不，非，mature,成熟的。
【记】mature（adj 成熟的；到期的）
US [-'tʊr] adjective disapproving
■not behaving in a way which is as calm and wise as people expect from someone of your age 不成熟的
• Stop being so silly and immature, Ben! 本，不要这么愚蠢幼稚！
• She's rather immature for her age, don't you think? 她都这么大了，你不觉得她显得相当幼稚吗？
■disapproving
■not experienced in a particular matter 没经验的
• politically immature 政治上不够老练
■specialized
■not yet completely grown or developed 未长成的；发育未全的
• While the animals are still immature, they do not breed. 动物发育未全时不会生育。
adj. 不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的
 - crude, rough, raw, coarse, harsh

Word: sinus
Front: sinus
[ˈsaɪnəs] (9469/24429 -1)
Back: n. 弯曲处，凹陷处; [解]窦，窦道; [植]弯缺; （软体动物的）弯
分布：窦(91%)，静脉窦(8%)，穴(1%)
→来自拉丁语 sinus,弯，曲，转，后用于解剖学术语指鼻窦，窦道等。
海湾;凹处(sinu+s)[Sinu=bend,表示"弯曲"]
noun countable
■any of the spaces inside the head that are connected to the back of the nose 鼻窦，窦
n. [生物] 窦；静脉窦；下陷或凹下去的地方
 - Dou, antrum

Word: volatility
Front: volatility
[ˌvɒlə'tɪlətɪ] (11720/10769)
Vocabulary: volatility
(once / 4944 pages)
n
Volatility is the trait of being excitable and unpredictable. Your volatility might ultimately be the thing that makes you unsuitable as a preschool teacher.
The noun volatility is the characteristic of changing often and unpredictably. Your sister's volatility might be shown in how quickly she switches from laughing to crying. If you talk about the volatility of the stock market, stock prices are most likely fluctuating wildly. In chemistry, volatility means the speed with which a substance changes from solid to liquid, liquid to vapor, and so on. The root is the Latin volatilis, "fleeting, transitory, flying."
WORD FAMILY
volatility: volatilities+/ volatile: nonvolatile, volatiles, volatilise, volatility, volatilize/volatilisable: nonvolatilisable/volatilise: volatilisable, volatilised, volatilises, volatilising/volatilizable: nonvolatilizable/volatilize: volatilizable, volatilized, volatilizes, volatilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Our mindset is, if you're doing business here in Indonesia, the spirit is to maintain stability. Don't create unnecessary volatility to create business," he added.
Reuters(Jan 03, 2017)
"I would say this is too optimistic an assumption and I think we will see more volatility this year."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
In Achilles, Lowell seemed to find a heroic reflection of his own mental volatility.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 挥发性; 挥发度; 反复无常
分布：挥发性(78%)，挥发度(15%)，轻快(7%)
ADJ-GRADED
易变的;动荡不定的;反复无常的
A situation that is volatile is likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly.
例：There have been riots before and the situation is volatile...以前曾发生过暴乱，现在局势不太稳定。
例：The international oil markets have been highly volatile since the early 1970s...从20世纪70年代初开始，国际石油市场就一直很不稳定。
ADJ-GRADED
（人）易变的，情绪无常性的
If someone is volatile, their mood often changes quickly.
例：He accompanied the volatile actress to Hollywood the following year...第二年他陪着这位情绪无常的女演员去了好莱坞。
例：He has a volatile temper.他脾气反复无常。
ADJ-GRADED
（液体等物质）易挥发的，易发散的
A volatile liquid or substance is one that will quickly change into a gas.
例：It's thought that the blast occurred when volatile chemicals exploded.人们认为，易挥发的化学物质爆炸时产生了冲击波。
n. [化学] 挥发性； [计] 易变；活泼
 - animation, brightness

Word: negligence
Front: negligence
[ˈneglɪdʒəns] (托雅宝 11719/4843)
Vocabulary: negligence
(once / 1315 pages)
n
When you are careless or reckless and you don’t take care of a person, object or situation like you ought to, you are practicing negligence. "Her negligence of the house resulted in its being condemned by the city."
The noun negligence comes from a Latin word that means “carelessness.” Negligence can come in many forms: negligence of one's children can lead to foster care, negligence while driving can cause fatal accidents, negligence of work can lead to the loss of a job, and negligence of nutrition can cause health problems. There is culpability in negligence. Negligence is when one neglects to do things that should be done, and there are usually consequences.
WORD FAMILY
negligence: negligences+/ negligent: negligence, negligenter, negligently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police are questioning him in connection with negligence.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The evidence showed ordinary negligence, a prosecutor’s letter said, but not “an aggravated kind of negligence or carelessness” required to file felony charges.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some online called for them to be prosecuted for negligence.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 疏忽; [法]过失; 粗心大意
分布：疏忽(91%)，渎职(7%)，不修边幅(2%)
→来自negligent,疏忽的，失职的。
疏忽,过失(neg没有+lig+ence)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
玩忽职守(neg+lig+ence)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
疏忽,粗心(neg不+lig选择+ence...不加选择...粗心)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
noun uncountable
■when you do not give enough care or attention to someone or something 疏忽，过失
• My mother accuses me of negligence unless I phone her every day. 如果我不每晚给母亲打电话，她就指责我不把她放在心里。
• medical negligence 医疗事故
n. 疏忽；忽视；粗心大意
 - omission, oversight

Word: harshly
Front: harshly
[hɑ:ʃlɪ] (宝 11701/10163)
Back: adv. 粗糙地; 刺耳地; 严厉地; 苛刻
分布：刺耳地(34%)，粗糙地(33%)，粗暴地(33%)
【反】mollycoddle（v 溺爱）－treat harshly（严厉地对待）；paean（n 赞美歌）－harshly lampoon（严厉地讽刺）
ADJ-GRADED
（气候或条件）艰苦的，恶劣的，严峻的
Harsh climates or conditions are very difficult for people, animals, and plants to live in.
例：The weather grew harsh, chilly and unpredictable.天气变得恶劣、寒冷且变化莫测。
例：...the harsh desert environment.恶劣的沙漠环境
ADJ-GRADED
（言行）严厉的，无情的
Harsh actions or speech are unkind and show no understanding or sympathy.
例：...the cold, harsh cruelty of her husband...她丈夫冷酷无情的残忍
例：He said many harsh and unkind things about his opponents.他以尖刻恶毒的语言大肆抨击自己的对手。
ADJ-GRADED
粗陋的;刺目的;粗糙的
Something that is harsh is so hard, bright, or rough that it seems unpleasant or harmful.
例：Tropical colours may look rather harsh in our dull northern light.热带色彩在我们北方暗淡的光线下可能显得有点刺目。
例：...harsher detergents that can leave hair brittle.会让发质变脆弱的刺激性较强的洗发水
ADJ-GRADED
（声音）刺耳的，难听的
Harsh voices and sounds are ones that are rough and unpleasant to listen to.
例：It's a pity she has such a loud harsh voice.可惜她的嗓门太大太难听了。
ADJ-GRADED
（现实、真相）残酷的，无情的
If you talk about harsh realities or facts, or the harsh truth, you are emphasizing that they are true or real, although they are unpleasant and people try to avoid thinking about them.
例：The harsh truth is that luck plays a big part in who will live or die.残酷的事实是，谁死谁活在很大程度上要靠运气。
adv. 严厉地；刺耳地；粗糙地
 - roughly, severely

Word: durability
Front: durability
[ˌdjʊərə'bɪlətɪ] (11734/15537)
Vocabulary: durability
(once / 5221 pages)
n
Durability is when something lasts a long time. The durability of your favorite pair of hiking boots keeps them from wearing out even when you've walked many miles in them.
Use the noun durability to describe the quality of permanence or strength that keeps something working or holds it together. Your parents' thirty year marriage has durability, and your sturdy old car that keeps on running mile after mile also has durability. The Latin root word, durabilis, means "lasting or permanent," and comes from durare, "to last or harden."
WORD FAMILY
durable: durability, durably
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became a mainstay at beer keggers, where its size, typically 16 ounces, durability and opacity were prized attributes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Jackson conceded that Griffin’s durability is an issue.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One of Cleveland’s biggest concerns about Griffin is his durability, one of the reasons Washington released him in March after four seasons.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 耐久性; 持久性
分布：耐久性(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
耐用的;持久的
Something that is durable is strong and lasts a long time without breaking or becoming weaker.
例：Bone china is strong and durable.骨灰瓷坚固耐用。
n. 耐久性；坚固；耐用年限
 - steel, wear

Word: shutdown
Front: shutdown
[ˈʃʌtdaʊn] (11685/22050 -1)
Back: n. 关闭，倒闭; 关机; 停工，停业; 停播
分布：关机(66%)，停工(34%)
noun countable
■when a business or large piece of equipment stops operating, usually for a temporary period （尤指暂时的）关闭；暂停运行
• It's just a regular maintenance shutdown. 这只是一次定期保养停机。
• The emergency shutdown procedure was activated. 紧急关闭程式启动了。
n. 关机；停工；关门；停播
 - close-down, stopwork

Word: weakly
Front: weakly
[ˈwi:kli] (11732/10233)
Back: adv. 软弱地，无力地，疲软地
分布：无力地(59%)，虚弱地(41%)
ADJ-GRADED
(身体)虚弱的，无力的
If someone is weak, they are not healthy or do not have good muscles, so that they cannot move quickly or carry heavy things.
例：I was too weak to move or think or speak...我太虚弱了，无法动弹，无法思考，也无法说话。
例：His arms and legs were weak.他的四肢虚弱无力。
ADJ-GRADED
(器官或感官)功能差的，受损伤的
If someone has an organ or sense that is weak, it is not very effective or powerful, or is likely to fail.
例：Until the beating, Cantanco's eyesight had been weak, but adequate...挨打前坎坦科的视力就一直很弱，不过也还勉强看得见。
例：She tired easily and had a weak heart.她很容易疲劳，心脏也不好。
ADJ-GRADED
意志薄弱的;懦弱的
If you describe someone as weak, you mean that they are not very confident or determined, so that they are often frightened or worried, or easily influenced by other people.
例：He was a nice doctor, but a weak man who wasn't going to stick his neck out...他是位为人和蔼的医生，但胆小怕事，不敢冒什么风险。
例：You have been conditioned to believe that it is weak to be scared.你已经习惯性地认为害怕就是软弱。
ADJ-GRADED
(声音或笑容)微弱的，不热情的，无力的
If you describe someone's voice or smile as weak, you mean that it is not very loud or big, suggesting that the person lacks confidence, enthusiasm, or physical strength.
例：His weak voice was almost inaudible...他的声音微弱，几乎听不见。
例：He managed a weak smile.他勉强挤出一丝笑容。
ADJ-GRADED
不牢固的;易破的;易坏的
If an object or surface is weak, it breaks easily and cannot support a lot of weight or resist a lot of strain.
例：The owner said the bird may have escaped through a weak spot in the aviary...鸟的主人说这只鸟可能是从鸟舍一处不结实的地方逃走的。
例：Swimming is helpful for bones that are porous and weak.游泳有助于改善骨质疏松和骨骼脆弱。
ADV-GRADED
无力度的;无强度的
A weak physical force does not have much power or intensity.
例：The molecules in regular liquids are held together by relatively weak bonds...常规液体里分子之间的键合力相对较弱。
例：Strong winds can turn boats when the tide is weak.潮水小的时候强风可以让船只改变航向。
ADJ-GRADED
无权力的;无权威的;无影响力的
If individuals or groups are weak, they do not have any power or influence.
例：The council was too weak to do anything about it.市政会手中无权，对此无能为力。
ADJ-GRADED
(政府或领导人) 软弱无力的
A weak government or leader does not have much control, and is not prepared or able to act firmly or severely.
例：The changes come after mounting criticism that the government is weak and indecisive...随着对政府软弱和优柔寡断的批评愈演愈烈，情况终于有了变化。
例：The chief editorial writer also blames weak leadership for the current crisis.首席社论员也把当前的危机归咎于领导层软弱无力。
ADJ-GRADED
(货币、经济、产业、政府等)疲软的，有崩溃危险的
If you describe something such a country's currency, economy, industry, or government as weak, you mean that it is not successful, and may be likely to fail or collapse.
例：The weak dollar means American goods are relative bargains for foreigners...美元疲软意味着美国的产品对外国人来说相对便宜。
例：When the economy is weak, it's very hard for suppliers to raise their prices.经济疲软时供货商很难提价。
ADJ-GRADED
(论据等)不充分的，没有说服力的;(逻辑)不周密的
If something such as an argument or case is weak, it is not convincing or there is little evidence to support it.
例：Do you think the prosecution made any particular errors, or did they just have a weak case?...你认为公诉人犯了什么错误呢，还是根本就是证据不足？
例：The claim exposed a weak point in the structure of facts upon which his argument rested...这一主张暴露了支撑他论点的论据结构的一个弱点。
ADJ-GRADED
稀薄的;稀释的
A weak drink, chemical, or drug contains very little of a particular substance, for example because a lot of water has been added to it.
例：...a cup of weak tea...一杯淡茶
例：...a very weak bleach solution.高度稀释的漂白剂
ADJ-GRADED
(能力等)弱的，差的
Your weak points are the qualities or talents you do not possess, or the things you are not very good at.
例：You may very well be asked what your weak points are. Don't try to claim you don't have any...你很可能会被问到有什么缺点。不要试图声称自己没有任何缺点。
例：Geography was my weak subject...地理是我的弱项。
ADJ-GRADED
（下巴）瘦小的;（尤暗指）性格懦弱的
You can say that someone has a weak chin to indicate that their chin is not large, especially when you want to suggest that they do not have a strong character.
例：She was a plain-looking woman with a weak chin.她相貌平平，性格懦弱。
adv. 虚弱地；无力地；软弱地；有病地
 - infirmly, impotently
adj. 虚弱的；软弱的
 - soft, marantic

Word: dimly
Front: dimly
[ˈdɪmli] (托 11736/12555)
Vocabulary: dimly
(once / 627 pages)
adv
The adverb dimly is good for describing the way a room is lit when there's only a small amount of light. A dimly lit dining room might have just one flickering candle, for example.
Adverbs describe the way something is done, and in the case of dimly, it's almost always used to describe the way something is lit — just barely. A dimly illuminated library wouldn't be a great idea, because it would be so difficult to read, but a dimly lit movie theater makes perfect sense. Dimly comes from the adjective dim, whose root is the Old English dimm, "dark or obscure," from Germanic origins.
WORD FAMILY
dim: dimly, dimmed, dimmest, dimming, dimness, dims+/dimmed: undimmed/dimness: dimnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many local residents said they were only dimly aware of the Russians’ presence.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
That's when we see Bones, his sad little black-and-white face dimly lit in the moonlight.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Through the door, I enter into the dimly lit auditorium.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 昏暗地，朦胧地，模糊地; 依稀; 影影绰绰; 隐隐约约
分布：朦胧地(37%)，模糊地(27%)，微暗地(18%)，隐隐约约地(18%)
ADJ-GRADED
(光线)昏暗的，暗淡的
Dim light is not bright.
例：She stood waiting, in the dim light...她站在昏暗的光线下等待。
例：Below decks, the lights were dim.船舱里灯光昏暗。
ADJ-GRADED
(地方)昏暗的，阴暗的
A dim place is rather dark because there is not much light in it.
例：The room was dim and cool and quiet.房间里阴暗、清冷，静悄悄的。
ADJ-GRADED
(人影、物体)隐约的，蒙眬的，不分明的
A dim figure or object is not very easy to see, either because it is in shadow or darkness, or because it is far away.
例：Pete's torch picked out the dim figures of Bob and Chang.皮特的火把映出了鲍勃和张的模糊身影。
ADJ-GRADED
(记忆、理解)模糊的，依稀的，不清晰的
If you have a dim memory or understanding of something, it is difficult to remember or is unclear in your mind.
例：It seems that the '60s era of social activism is all but a dim memory.20 世纪 60 年代的社会激进主义似乎只是一个模糊的记忆。
ADJ-GRADED
(前景)灰暗的，渺茫的，不光明的
If the future of something is dim, you have no reason to feel hopeful or positive about it.
例：The prospects for a peaceful solution are dim.和平解决的希望非常渺茫。
ADJ-GRADED
(人)愚笨的，迟钝的
If you describe someone as dim, you think that they are stupid.
V-ERG
(使)（灯光）变昏暗;(使)变暗淡
If you dim a light or if it dims, it becomes less bright.
例：Dim the lighting – it is unpleasant to lie with a bright light shining in your eyes...把灯光调暗一些——躺着时眼前灯光太强很不舒服。
例：The houselights dimmed.观众席的灯暗了下来。
VERB
将(汽车前灯)调为近光;使减光
If you are driving a car and dim the headlights, you operate a switch that makes them shine downwards, so that they do not shine directly into the eyes of other drivers.
例：Dim your lights behind that car.开到那辆车后面时将前灯调为近光。
V-ERG
(使)(前景、希望等)变渺茫;(使)（感情等）淡化
If your future, hopes, or emotions dim or if something dims them, they become less good or less strong.
例：Their economic prospects have dimmed...他们的经济前景变得很暗淡。
例：Forty eight years of marriage have not dimmed the passion between Bill and Helen.48 年的婚姻生活并没消磨掉比尔和海伦之间的激情。
V-ERG
(使)(视力)变差；（使）看不分明
If your eyes dim or are dimmed by something, they become weaker or unable to see clearly.
例：Her eyes dimmed with sorrow...悲痛之下，她泪眼蒙眬。
例：The twinkle in his eyes was dimmed by tears.他眼中闪烁的光芒被泪水模糊了。
V-ERG
(使)(记忆)变模糊;(使)变得不清晰
If your memories dim or if something dims them, they become less clear in your mind.
例：Their memory of what happened has dimmed...他们对所发生事情的记忆变得模糊了。
例：The intervening years had dimmed his memory.经过了其间那么多年他的记忆已经不大清楚了。
adv. 朦胧地；微暗
 - indistinctly, hazily

Word: thirds
Front: thirds
[θɜ:dz] (11699/8802)
Back: n. 第三( third的名词复数 ); 三分之一
分布：名词third的复数形式.(50%)，三号(50%)
ORD
第三
The third item in a series is the one that you count as number three.
例：I sleep on the third floor...我睡在三楼。
例：It was the third time one of his cars had gone up in flames...这是他的车第三次起火。
FRACTION
三分之一
A third is one of three equal parts of something.
例：A third of the cost went into technology and services...有三分之一的支出投入了技术和服务。
例：Only one third get financial help from their fathers...只有三分之一的人得到父亲的经济援助。
ADV
第三(点)
You say third when you want to make a third point or give a third reason for something.
例：First, interest rates may take longer to fall than is hoped. Second, in real terms, lending may fall. Third, bad loans could wipe out much of any improvement.首先，利率的下降可能没有希望的那样快;第二，实际贷款额可能会减少;第三，坏账很可能抵消大部分增长。
N-COUNT
三等学位(英国大学颁发的最低级荣誉学位)
A third is the lowest honours degree that can be obtained from a British university.

Word: perceptual
Front: perceptual
[pəˈseptʃuəl] (研 11718/13101)
Back: adj. 知觉的，有知觉的; 感性
分布：感性的(60%)，知觉的(40%)
ADJ
理解的；感知的
Perceptual means relating to the way people interpret and understand what they see or notice.
例：Some children have more finely trained perceptual skills than others.一些孩子比其他孩子具备更为训练有素的感知技能。
adj. 知觉的；感知的；有知觉的
 - sensory, apperceptive

Word: humankind
Front: humankind
[ˌhju:mənˈkaɪnd] (11737/21112)
Back: n. 人类
分布：名词(100%)
→human,人的，kind,类型，类别。
noun uncountable
■the whole of the human race, including both men and women 人；人类
n. 人类（总称）
 - mankind, people, human beings, the human race

Word: Englishman
Front: Englishman
['ɪŋɡlɪʃmən] (四 10271/5313)
Back: n. 英国人
分布：英国人(100%)
noun countable
■a man who comes from England; see table of Geographical names 英格兰（男）人；英国（男）人
['ɪŋ.glɪʃ.mən] noun countable
An Englishman's home is his castle. UK old-fashioned saying
■used to show that English people believe that they should be able to control what happens in their own homes, and that no one else should tell them what to do there 英国人的家就是他的城堡（表示英国人认为在自己的家里有权做自己想做的事情）。

Word: medicinal
Front: medicinal
[məˈdɪsɪnl] (11688/12545 -1)
Vocabulary: medicinal
(once / 2849 pages)
adj
A substance that can cure or heal you is medicinal. Some people swear that chicken soup has medicinal qualities when you have a cold.
Herbalists grow medicinal plants, such as mint and witch hazel, that have healing properties for various ailments. Your mother may believe in the medicinal properties of a hot cup of tea, while other people swear by the medicinal quality of the salty sea air. The adjective medicinal comes from medicine and has a Latin root, medicina, "the healing art, a remedy, or medicine."
WORD FAMILY
medicinal: medicinally, nonmedicinal, unmedicinal+/ medicine: medicinal, medicined, medicines, medicining
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pharmaceutical companies perform all manner of medicinal research.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Here monks would grow vegetables and medicinal herbs.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The bill brought by Sen. Tom Ada builds upon a previous law that sets aside property for the practice of Chamorro medicinal healing arts.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 医学的; 医药的，药用的; 治疗的，医疗的; 粟砂
分布：药物的(36%)，治疗的(26%)，医学的(23%)，有药味的(15%)
adjective
■Medicinal substances are used to cure illnesses 药用的，用于治疗的
• I keep a bottle of brandy purely for medicinal purposes. 我留着一瓶白兰地，完全是为了药用。
• It is said that the spring water has medicinal properties. 据说这泉水有医疗功效。
adj. [药] [医] 药的；药用的；治疗的（等于medicinable）；有益的
 - beneficial, helpful, useful, treated, advantageous

Word: fraught
Front: fraught
[frɔ:t] (托雅宝 11710/11090 -1)
Vocabulary: fraught
(once / 1679 pages)
adj
Fraught means filled with something — often something bad. Your Thanksgiving was fraught with awkward moments when your family saw your blue hair, and it only got worse when you told them you'd quit law school to join the circus.
Fraught is related to the word freight, and comes from the Middle English fraughten, meaning "to load with cargo." Think of a cargo ship loaded up with freight for a journey — it's full of supplies, just like Thanksgiving was filled with — or fraught with — awkward moments. Fraught can also describe a situation filled with distress. If relations between two countries are fraught, they are not getting along with each other.
WORD FAMILY
fraught
USAGE EXAMPLES
Designating all or part of the line a hiking trail is fraught with problems because much of it is on private land.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There she is, looking fraught but drawing her gun for battle.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Pitch-perfect performances put a fraught personal slant on gentrification in the 21st century.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 充满的，满载的; 担心的，忧虑的
n. 货物，装载物
vt. 装货于
分布：充满的(40%)，忧虑的(30%)，伴随的(20%)，忧伤的(10%)
→来自freight的拼写变体，原指船只装满货物的，满载的。后来该词用于心理学术语，指心里面装满担子的，忧虑的。
【记】源于：freight（n 货物vt 装货；使充满）
【反】idyll（n 田园生活：自由自在的经历）－experience fraught with tension（充满紧张的经历）
US [frɑ:t] adjective
FULL OF 充满…的
fraught with
■full of unpleasant things such as problems or dangers 充满（问题、危险等令人不快之物）的
• The negotiations have been fraught with difficulties/problems right from the start. 谈判从一开始就困难／问题重重。
• From beginning to end, the airlift was fraught with risks. 那次空运自始至终都危机四伏。
UK [frɔ:t] US [frɑ:t] adjective
ANXIOUS 担忧的
■causing or having extreme worry or anxiety 令人极度忧虑的；十分担心的
• This is one of the most fraught weekends of the year for the security forces. 这是一年中最令安全部队紧张不安的周末之一。
• The atmosphere in the office is rather fraught. 办公室里弥漫着一种极度紧张焦虑的气氛。
adj. 担心的，忧虑的；充满…的
 - worried, afraid, packed

Word: lash
Front: lash
[læʃ] (研托雅宝 8455/8665 -2)
Vocabulary: lash
(once / 322 pages)
1nv 2n
A lash is a sharp slap or strike with a rope or whip. In some parts of the world, lawbreakers receive a certain number of lashes as punishment for their crimes.
To deliver a lash is also to lash: "I instructed the jockey not to lash the horse," and another way to lash is to tie one thing securely to another. The part of a whip that actually connects with a person or animal's body is called a lash as well. When you lash out at someone, you either hit them or attack them in a figurative way, especially through angry words.
WORD FAMILY
lash: lash-like, lashed, lasher, lashes, lashing, unlash+/lasher: lashers/lashing: lashingly, lashings/unlash: unlashed, unlashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the Obama administration slapped tariffs on Chinese tire imports in 2009, for instance, China lashed back by imposing a tax on U.S. chicken parts.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Who was this beautiful man, with his beautiful hair, his beautiful face, his lashes, his two gold hoop earrings?
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
About 20 typhoons and storms lash the Philippines each year.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 鞭挞，鞭子; 责骂; 讽刺; 眼睫毛
vi. 急速甩动; 猛击; 抽打; 严厉谴责
vt. 鞭打; 摆动; 激励，煽动; 捆绑
时态：lashed, lashing, lashes
分布：鞭打(27%)，抨击(18%)，睫毛(17%)，鞭子(14%)，摆动(13%)，讽刺(11%)
→拟声词。
v.鞭打,摆动,捆扎n.鞭子,鞭打,睫毛,讽刺The man lashed the donkey.这人用鞭子抽驴.
【记】读：拉屎。用鞭子抽得你直拉屎。
【反】unbind（v 解开；解放）
verb
HIT 打击
intransitive or transitive
■to hit with a lot of force 猛击；狠打
• The prisoners were regularly lashed with electric cable. 犯人经常被人用电缆抽打。
• The sound of the rain lashing against the windows was deafening. 雨点敲打窗户发出巨大的声响。
⇒ See also lash out
[læʃ] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to criticize someone severely 抨击，谴责，斥责
[læʃ] verb
TIE 系
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to tie together tightly and firmly 系紧，系牢
• I've lashed your case to the roof rack. 我把你的箱子系在车顶的行李架上了。
• These poles will be easier to carry if we lash them together with a rope. 如果我们用绳子把这些杆子捆在一起，携带起来将会容易一些。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out (sth) UK informal
■to spend a large amount of money in an unnecessary or wasteful way 浪费，挥霍（钱财）
• He lashed out £5000 on his daughter's wedding. 他为女儿的婚礼一下子花了5000英镑。
[læʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lash out
■to suddenly attack someone or something physically or criticise them in an angry way （突然）狠打，痛打；抨击，斥责
• I was only teasing him and suddenly he lashed out (at me) and hit me in the face. 我只是在和他闹着玩，他却突然动起手来，一拳打在我的脸上。
• Why's Tina in such a bad mood? She really lashed out at me when I was late for work. 蒂娜为甚么情绪这么糟糕？我上班迟到了她就对我大发雷霆。
[læʃ] noun
HAIR 毛发
countable usually plural
■an eyelash
[læʃ] noun
HIT 打击
countable or only singular
■a thin strip of leather at the end of a whip, or a hit with this, especially as a form of punishment 鞭梢；鞭笞，鞭打
• He received 30 lashes for the crime. 他因这项罪行而挨了30鞭。
• The punishment for disobedience was the lash. 违抗命令要受到鞭笞的惩罚。
⇒ See also whiplash
countable
■a sudden violent movement of something that can bend 甩动，（突然的）摇动，摆动
• With a powerful lash of its tail, the fish jumped out of the net and back into the river. 那条鱼猛地一摆尾巴，从渔网里又跳回到河中。
[læʃ] noun
come/suffer under the lash
■to be severely criticized 受到严厉批评，遭到痛斥
• The sales team came under the lash for poor results. 销售团队因业绩不佳而受到严厉批评。
vt. 鞭打；冲击；摆动；扎捆；煽动；讽刺
 - fan, hide, egg, strike
vi. 鞭打；猛击；急速甩动
 - drive, belt
n. 鞭打；睫毛；鞭子；责骂；讽刺
 - hit, flogging

Word: low-key
Front: low-key
[ˈləʊˈki:] (-1)
Vocabulary: low-key
(once / 8254 pages)
adj
Something low-key is quiet or understated. A low-key wedding might be held in a friend's backyard, with a potluck reception — it's informal, small, and subdued.
A person who's low-key is modest and soft spoken, and a low-key restaurant is comfortable and unpretentious. You might prefer your family's low-key way of celebrating birthdays (a cake and a few gifts) to the way your best friend's family does it (hiring caterers, clowns, magicians, and a band). Low-key can also mean "muted in color," like the low-key tones in your favorite painting.
WORD FAMILY
low-key
USAGE EXAMPLES
For younger participants or anyone who needs a bit more room, the low-key “Polar Cub Club” dip precedes the big main event at noon.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And the plot summary for this followup sounds reassuringly low-key:
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
These two artists were close friends for about 50 years, but were as different as their artistry: Mr. Kalinsky is low-key and soft-spoken.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 低调的，软调的; 低强度的; 抑制的; 有节制的
分布：低调的(63%)，抑制的(37%)
adjective
■describes an event that is quiet and without a great show of excitement （活动）低调的，不张扬的
• The wedding was a low-key affair, with fewer than thirty people attending. 婚礼办得很低调，参加者还不足30人。
adj. 低调的，软调的；抑制的
 - understated, inhibitory

Word: wicker
Front: wicker
[ˈwɪkə(r)] (11690/15264 -1)
Back: n. 柳条（编制品）; （编制筐篓的）枝条
adj. 枝条[柳条]编的; 装在柳条编织物里的
分布：柳条(87%)，枝条(8%)，柳条制品(5%)
→来自weik,弯，转，编织，词源同wicket,vicarious.用于指柳条。
US [-ɚ] adjective
■made of very thin pieces of wood twisted together 柳条编的；枝条编的
• a wicker basket/chair 柳条篮／藤椅
n. [林] 柳条；枝条；柳条制品
 - rod, vergo

Word: overhaul
Front: overhaul
[ˈəʊvəhɔ:l] (研托雅宝 11001/12280 -1)
Vocabulary: overhaul
(once / 858 pages)
1vn 2v
To overhaul is to completely renovate, making major changes in order to repair. A few shutters and a new coat of paint won't come close to fixing that old, boarded-up house — it needs a complete overhaul.
Back in the 1620s when the word was coined, overhaul described examining a fishing net to make sure there were no tears or big holes that would keep the fisherman from getting a big haul, or large amount of fish. Today, an overhaul is usually the result of such a close examination — like the overhaul that some people want to make to American public schools, or the overhaul an old car needs to keep it on the road.
WORD FAMILY
overhaul: overhauled, overhauling, overhauls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scot McCloughan’s toughest job of the offseason involves finding the most effective way to overhaul a defense that’s sorely lacking in talent.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Deal’s agenda is expected to include an overhaul of the state’s education funding process.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The tax overhaul and an infrastructure bill may be two opportunities for bipartisan cooperation — the Senate Finance Committee is already moving in that direction.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 彻底检查; 翻修，检修; 赶上（他船）; 解松（船的）绳索
n. 检查; 彻底检修; 详细检查; 大修
时态：overhauled, overhauling, overhauls
分布：彻底检查(28%)，革新(22%)，翻修(18%)，仔细检查(15%)，赶上(9%)，全面检修(8%)
→over-,在上，haul,拉。原为航海术语，指把船帆索具拉起来进行大的修理，后词义通用化。
彻底检修(over+haul拉→拉过去检修)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
US ['oʊ.vɚ.hɑ:l] verb transitive
■to repair or improve something so that every part of it works as it should 彻底检修，大修；改造；改进
• I got the engine overhauled. 我彻底检修了引擎。
• The government plans to overhaul the health service. 政府计划彻底改革公共医疗保健服务。
vt. 分解检查，大修；追上并超过
 - major repair
n. 彻底检修，详细检查
 - permanent repair

Word: fruitful
Front: fruitful
[ˈfru:tfl] (研四六托 11687/9697 -1)
Vocabulary: fruitful
(once / 754 pages)
adj
When something is fruitful, it's productive — but you don't have to produce fruit in order to be fruitful. You could have a fruitful trip to the mall if you come home with a slew of snappy new outfits.
There's a famous line from the Bible: "Be fruitful and multiply." That gives you a pretty good sense of the word: fruitful activity multiplies or adds to what's already there, producing more of something. A couple is fruitful if they have children: the more children, the more fruitful. An artist is fruitful if they create a lot of artwork. A business is fruitful if it creates profits and expands. Anything fruitful is productive: it grows and produces, much like a fruit tree.
WORD FAMILY
fruitful: fruitfuler, fruitfulest, fruitfully, fruitfulness, unfruitful+/ fruit: fruitage, fruited, fruiterer, fruitful, fruiting, fruitless, fruitlet, fruits, fruity/fruitage: fruitages/fruiterer: fruiterers/ fruitless: fruitlessly, fruitlessness/fruitlet: fruitlets/fruity: fruitier, fruitiest, fruitily/unfruitful: unfruitfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ranganathan’s attempts to get his guests to open up are always fruitful.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
He said he was hopeful that the meeting would be fruitful.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
He created “Star” with Tom Donaghy, a veteran writer for television crime and legal shows, and perhaps the partnership hasn’t been as fruitful.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 果实累累的; 肥沃的; 效果好的
分布：富有成效的(55%)，多产的(45%)
→来自fruit, 结果，收获。
a.多产的;果实累累的,富有成效的Newton's laws were fruitful for science.牛顿定理对科学有作用.
adjective formal
■producing good results 有成果的；有成效的
• It was a most fruitful discussion, with both sides agreeing to adopt a common policy. 这是一次富有成果的讨论，双方一致采用共同的政策。
Opposite fruitless old use
■If a person is fruitful, they produce a lot of children. （人）子女众多的
adj. 富有成效的；多产的；果实结得多的
 - productive, prolific

Word: restroom
Front: restroom
[ˈrestru:m] (11694/-)
Vocabulary: restroom
(once / 26561 pages)
n
A restroom is a public bathroom or lavatory. You might stop at a fast food restaurant during a long drive to use the restroom and buy some fries.
You'll find restrooms in restaurants, libraries, schools, highway rest areas, and shopping malls, among other places. Many restrooms are open to the public at large, while others are reserved for customers. While the term restroom is extremely common in the U.S., a restroom in Britain doesn't usually contain a toilet — it is simply a place to sit and rest. And in Canada, it's more often called a washroom.
WORD FAMILY
restroom: restrooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
On social media, the criticism was fierce — with one poster angrily wondering whether they’d soon start charging to use restrooms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Last year, Tennessee lawmakers considered a so-called “bathroom bill” that would require public school students to use the restrooms corresponding to their gender at birth.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When she did get there, she found that there was no women’s restroom.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <美>公用厕所，盥洗室，卫生间
分布：洗手间(100%)
→rest,休息，room,室。委婉语。
['rest.rʊm] [-ru:m] mainly US
noun countable
■a room with toilets that is in a public place, for example in a restaurant （公共场所的）盥洗室，洗手间，公共厕所
n. 厕所；洗手间；休息室；更衣室
 - john, convenience, bathroom, toilet

Word: ketchup
Front: ketchup
[ˈketʃəp] (11691/21656)
Vocabulary: ketchup
(once / 11843 pages)
n
Ketchup is a red, tomato-based condiment. Many people love to slather ketchup on their hamburgers and hotdogs, while others prefer mustard.
You can also call ketchup catsup, but either way it's a sweet sauce made of tomatoes and spices. Commercial ketchup tends to have plenty of sugar or other sweeteners, too. Originally ketchup came in different flavors, made from ingredients like walnuts, oysters, or mushrooms, but today the tomato style has become standard. There are several theories about the origin of ketchup, one of which cites the Xiamen Chinese koechiap, "brine of fish."
WORD FAMILY
ketchup: ketchups
USAGE EXAMPLES
It involves frying and a surprising ingredient: ketchup.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
The same idea has since been adapted to help move other substances, such as toothpaste, paint and ketchup.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Next year she's launching a range of ketchups, including one based on bananas which she insists is delicious.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 番茄酱
分布：蕃茄酱(94%)，=catchup.(6%)
→词源有争议，通常认为来自马来语kicap,来自中国闽南语ke-chiap,鲑汁，一种鱼酱。后来传入欧洲以后配方多样化，并且番茄成为主要配料，因此词义演变为番茄酱。
['ketʃ.ʌp/ (UK tomato ketchup) (US also catsup)
noun uncountable
■a thick cold red sauce made from tomatoes 番茄酱
• Do you want some ketchup with your burger? 你的汉堡包要加些番茄酱吗？
n. 蕃茄酱
 - tomato catchup, tomato paste

Word: squeal
Front: squeal
[skwi:l] (11713/15659 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 发尖叫声; 〈俚〉激烈抗议; 〈俚〉告密
n. 长而尖锐的叫声; 〈美〉抗议
时态：squealed, squealing, squeals
分布：告密(54%)，长而尖的叫声(28%)，用长而尖的声音说(9%)，发出长声尖叫(9%)
verb intransitive
■to make a long very high sound or cry 发出长而尖的声音；尖叫
• We could hear the piglets squealing as we entered the farmyard. 我们走进农场庭院时，可以听见小猪在长嚎悲鸣。
• The brakes squealed as the van rounded the corner. 货车转弯时刹车发出了尖厉的声音。
• The two children squealed with joy. 两个孩子高兴地尖叫着。
■informal
■to complain about something loudly 大声抱怨；高声抗议
• The threat of further changes in the education system is making teachers squeal. 进一步改革教育系统的威胁令教师们大声抗议。
■slang disapproving
■to give information to the police about people you know who have committed a crime 告密，告发
• When he finds out who squealed on him, he's going to make them very sorry. 等他查出是谁告的密，他会让他们后悔的。
[skwi:l] noun countable
■a long very high sound or cry 发出长而尖的声音；尖叫
• Erik collapsed into giggles and squeals as Penny began tickling him. 彭妮开始给埃里克搔痒时，他咯咯笑着，尖叫着缩成一团。
• The train ground to a halt with a squeal of brakes. 伴随着刺耳的煞车声，火车停了下来。
vt. 告密；长声尖叫
 - split fair
vi. 告密；尖声地说
 - inform, rat
n. 尖叫声
 - scream

Word: image
Front: image
[ˈɪmɪdʒ] (研四六托雅 555/904 -K4)
Vocabulary: image
(once / 81 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
An image is a picture or other representation of a person or thing, or it can be someone's public perception, like a rock star who tries to change his image by dressing like a professor and learning to play chess.
Image has its roots in the Latin word imitari, meaning "to copy or imitate"; images are judged by how realistically they capture the person or thing they show. Images come in various forms — portraits, photographs, paintings, and sculptures. Another kind of image is what we think a public figure like a celebrity is "really like." For example, a flat-broke former millionaire who wants to maintain his image as the money-spending life of the party.
WORD FAMILY
image: imaged, imagery, images, imaging, imagism+/ imagery: imageries/imaging: imagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one point in the season, the two teams appeared to be mirror images of each other.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“A measurement is just a number. But a visual image of what they look like, rather than their imagination, is much more motivating.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Helping them maintain their body image is a huge part of treatment.”
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. 影像; 肖像; 概念，意向; 镜像，映像
vt. 反映; 想像; 作…的像; 象征
时态：imaged, imaging, images
分布：图像(55%)，形象(23%)，影像(11%)，印象(3%)，想像(3%)，反映(2%)，肖像(2%)，描绘(1%)
→来自拉丁语imitari,模仿，复制，词源同imitate.引申词义形象，印象，影像等。
形象,图象[imag,imit=imagine,lkeness,表示"想象,相象"]
n.形象,声誉;印象;像;形象的描述,比喻It is imaginable that breaking the engagement will damage his image.可以想象,违反婚约将损害他的形象.
noun
MENTAL PICTURE 头脑中的形象
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a picture in your mind or an idea of how someone or something is （自己头脑中的）形象，印象
• I have an image in my mind of how I want the garden to be. 我对花园该是甚么样子心里有数。
• He doesn't fit (= he is different to) my image of how an actor should look. 他和我心里想的演员模样并不相符。
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■the way that something or someone is thought of by other people （他人心中的）形象，印象；声誉
• The aim is to improve the public image of the police. 目的在于改善员警的公众形象。
• The company has made strenuous attempts to improve its image in recent years. 公司近年来作出了极大的努力来改善自身形象。
• He's terribly image -conscious (= tries to dress and behave in a way that other people will admire). 他非常在意自己的形象。
 ADVANCED countable specialized
■a mental picture or idea which forms in a reader's or listener's mind from the words that they read or hear 比喻，意象
• The poem is full of images of birth and new life. 诗中充满了诞生和新生活的意象。
['ɪm.ɪdʒ] noun
PICTURE 图像
 ESSENTIAL countable
■any picture, especially one formed by a mirror or a lens （尤指镜子或透镜形成的）镜像；影像；映射
• television images of starving children 受饥儿童的电视画面
• The image you see in the mirror. 你在镜子中看到的影像
['ɪm.ɪdʒ] noun
be the (living/spitting) image of sb
■to look very similar to someone 长相酷似（某人）
• She's the spitting image of her mother. 她长相酷似她的母亲。
sight, vision, image, scene
sight: 视力，眼界，情景，奇观
vision: 远见，想念力，洞察力，眼界
image: 形象，肖像，影像
scene: 景色，景象，舞台指像图画一样映入眼睛view或landscape，但不那么广泛，是整个风景中可以入画的一部分
n. 影像；想象；肖像；偶像
 - icon, portrait
vt. 想象；反映；象征；作…的像
 - indicate, vision, glass, figure

Word: mayonnaise
Front: mayonnaise
[ˌmeɪəˈneɪz] (11738/17123 -1)
Back: n. 蛋黄酱
分布：蛋黄酱(85%)，美乃滋(15%)
→来自法语sauce mayonnaise,可能来自Mahon,地中海西岸梅诺卡岛首府，-ais,法语形容词后缀，-e,表阴性。据说该酱料的配方来自该岛。
noun uncountable (informal mayo)
■a thick creamy sauce made from oil, vinegar and the yellow part of eggs, which is usually eaten cold （油、醋和蛋黄调制而成的）蛋黄酱
n. [食品] 蛋黄酱
 - Bearnaise, remoulade

Word: cheekbone
Front: cheekbone
[ˈtʃi:kbəʊn] (11721/12936 -1)
Back: n. 颊骨，颧骨
分布：颧骨(70%)，颊骨(30%)
US [-boʊn] noun countable usually plural
■one of the two bones at the top of your cheeks, just below your eye and towards your ear 颧骨，颊骨
• She has the high cheekbones of a supermodel. 她长着超级模特儿式的高颧骨。
n. 颧骨；颊骨
 - zygomatic bone, malar

Word: junkie
Front: junkie
[ˈdʒʌŋki] (11702/24039 -1)
Back: n. <俚>吸毒者; <口>爱好者; 有毒瘾者; 废旧品商人
分布：有毒瘾者(50%)，废品旧货商(25%)，上瘾的人(25%)
→来自junk,芦苇，破缆绳，俚语义烟草，尼古丁。引申词义吸毒成瘾者。
(also junky) ['dʒʌŋ.ki] noun countable informal
■someone who cannot stop taking illegal drugs 瘾君子，有毒瘾者
■someone who wants to have or do something all the time 上瘾的人
• a computer/TV junkie 电脑／电视迷
• a publicity junkie 爱抛头露面的人

Word: dishwasher
Front: dishwasher
[ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)] (11700/12791 -1)
Vocabulary: dishwasher
(once / 16169 pages)
n
If you work as a dishwasher, your job involves cleaning the glasses, plates, bowls, and silverware at a restaurant or cafe. You're also a dishwasher if you volunteer to wash the dishes after dinner at home.
Some dishwashers scrub pots, pans, and dishes by hand, while others simply load up the other kind of dishwasher — a machine that automatically cleans dishes. While a human dishwasher has to scrub to get the dishes clean, a mechanical dishwasher sprays extremely hot water to do the same job. This new and improved type of dishwasher was invented in the late 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
dishwasher: dishwashers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hopkins, born into adversity that he worked to his advantaged, was not too proud to earn a living as a dishwasher.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
That initial loss produced doubt and for the next 16 months he avoided the ring and worked as a dishwasher and a roofer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She occasionally misses the dishwasher — as well as a bathtub — but those are minor inconveniences.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 洗碗工; 洗碟机，洗碗机
分布：洗碟机(58%)，洗碗工(42%)
US [-ˌwɑ:.ʃɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a machine that washes dirty plates, cups, forks, etc. 洗碗碟机
■a person who washes dishes 洗碗工

Word: tally
Front: tally
[ˈtæli] (托宝 11596/11708 -1)
Vocabulary: tally
(once / 1541 pages)
1nv 2v
A tally is a continuous count of something, like the number of words in a document, or the number of favors your best friend owes you. To tally is to add up, like keeping the score of a game.
The word tally has to do with counting. It comes from the Latin word for “stick” because people used to keep a tally by marking a stick. Tally can be the total, or the act of adding it all up. If you count the bikers riding by, your count is a tally. As a verb, tally is used for keeping score. Two friends playing basketball need to tally the points after each basket so they don't lose track.
WORD FAMILY
tally: tallied, tallies, tallying, tallys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tally will be available later in January.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They tally the number of medication errors, the number of patients injured in falls and the number who develop infections after certain types of surgery.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Food and Drug Administration clearing just 22 new medicines for sale, the lowest number since 2010 and sharply down on 2015's tally of 45.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 计数器; 标签; 记账
vt. 测量，计数; 通过做记号记录; 加标签于; 使符合，使吻合
vi. 符合，吻合; 记录，计分
时态：tallied, tallying, tallies
分布：记录(48%)，计算(16%)，一致(15%)，帐(7%)，标签(7%)，记分(6%)，使一致(1%)
→来自古法语 taille,木头上的刻痕，来自拉丁语 talea,砍，切，小枝，词源同 tailor,retail.引申词 义记录，积分表等，词义一致来自古代的一种借贷方法，把一块记录有欠债的小木条从中劈 成两半，债务人和债权人各持一半，以做为还款凭证。比较 indenture,契约，合同。
【记】tall高，y：长高一点儿是为了与男女朋友“吻”合。
verb intransitive
■to match or agree with something else 符合，吻合
• Our figures don't tally - you've made it twenty pounds more than me. 我们的资料不相符——你的比我的多20英镑。
• Your plans don't tally with mine. 你的计划和我的有冲突。
['tæl.i] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tally (sth) up slightly old-fashioned informal
■to calculate something 计算
• If the game's over I'll tally up. 如果比赛结束了的话，我就计算总分。
['tæl.i] noun countable usually singular slightly old-fashioned
■a record or count of a number of things 计数；记录；比分
• Will you keep a tally of the number of customers going in and out? 你能记录一下进出顾客的人数吗？
n. 计数器；标签；记账
 - counter, ticket, label
vt. 使符合；计算；记录
 - cast, register, figure, shape
vi. 一致；记分
 - cotton, square, identify, score, coincide

Word: double
Front: double
[ˈdʌbl] (中高雅 2202/1640 -K4)
Vocabulary: double
(once / 72 pages)
1adjadvnv 2n 3vadv 4v 5adj
Something is double if it has two parts or if there are two versions of it. If you order a double dip ice cream cone, there will be two scoops of ice cream for you to lick.
If you fall while you're roller skating and end up with a double arm fracture, it means you broke your arm in two places. A joke with a double meaning has two of them, and if you double your tips at the coffee shop by smiling more at customers, you're making twice as much money. In addition to the adjective and verb versions of double, there's the noun: your double is someone who looks exactly like you.
WORD FAMILY
double: doubled, doubler, doubles, doubling, doublingly, doubly +/doubler: doublers/doubling: doublings
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, it is estimated that if YouTube was included, the figure for streams accessed by music fans in the UK would double.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It is much like the old Swedish proverb that expresses, “A shared joy is a doubled joy. A shared sorrow is half a sorrow.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Heinze said officials plan to request money from the Legislature this year to double the number of current sirens, costing $1.9 million.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 双的; 两倍的; 两面派的; 双人用的
vt. 使加倍; 把…对折; 重复
vi. 加倍，加倍努力; 快步走
adv. 两倍地; 双重地
n. 两倍; 双精度型
时态：doubled, doubling, doubles
分布：两倍(37%)，双重的(22%)，两倍的(15%)，双份(14%)，翻一番(8%)，成双的(3%)，使 ... 加倍(1%)
→来自拉丁语duplus, 双倍，du-, 二，词源同two, -pl, 倍，词源同ply.
翻倍[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
a.两倍的;双重的ad.两倍地n.两部v.加倍I debated that the debtor was doubtless in double troubles.我争论说债务人很可能处在双重困境中.
【记】double-cross（v 背弃先前的协议；叛变联盟、朋友、伙伴）
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■twice the size, amount, price, etc., or consisting of two similar things together 两倍的；成双的；双份的
• I ordered a double espresso (= two standard amounts in one cup). 我点了一杯双份的浓缩咖啡。
• Go through the double doors and turn left. 穿过那道对开门，然后向左转。
• The word 'cool' has a double 'o' in the middle. 单词 cool 的中间有两个字母 o。
• Everything he says has a double meaning (= has two possible meanings). 他说的每句话都有双重含义。
• This painkiller is double strength (= has twice the normal amount of medicine). 这种止痛药具有双倍功效。
• UK Sabiha's telephone number is double three, one, five, double seven (= 331577). 萨比哈的电话号码是331577。
■A double flower or plant is a flower with more than the usual number of petals 重瓣花（其花瓣数量多于一般花的花瓣数量）
• a double primrose 重瓣樱草花
['dʌb.l] noun
PERSON 人
countable usually singular
■a person who looks exactly the same as someone else 一模一样的人；极相像的人
• Hey, Tony, I met someone at a party last week who was your double. 嘿，托尼，上周我在一次派对上遇到一个长得和你一模一样的人。
['dʌb.l] noun
TWO PLAYERS 双打
doubles uncountable
■a game of tennis or a similar sport between two teams of two people （网球等运动中的）双打
• men's/women's/mixed doubles 男子／女子／混合双打
• Who won the men's doubles at Wimbledon this year? 谁在今年温布顿网球赛中获得了男子双打冠军？
Compare singles
['dʌb.l] noun
BASEBALL 棒球
countable US
■in baseball, a hit that allows the batter (= person who hits the ball) to reach second base （棒球）二垒安打，指在防守队伍没有失误的情形下，一次就跑上二垒。
['dʌb.l] noun
at/on the double old-fashioned informal
■very quickly and without any delay 迅速，马上，立即
['dʌb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
 IMPROVER
■to become twice as much or as many, or to make something twice as much or many 加一倍，翻一番
• The government aims to double the number of students in higher education within 25 years. 政府计划在25年内使高校在校生人数增加一倍。
• Company profits have doubled since the introduction of new technology. 自从引进新技术后，公司的利润增加了一倍。
['dʌb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  double (up) as sth
■to be also used as something else 也可用作，还能当作
• The kitchen table doubles as my desk when I'm writing. 我写东西时这个餐桌还可以当书桌用。
• Our spare bedroom doubles up as a study for Dan when he's working at home. 丹在家工作时我们的备用睡房可以给他当工作间用。
['dʌb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  double back
■to turn and go back in the direction you have come from 走回头路，原路返回
• We realized we had taken the wrong road and had to double back. 我们发现走错了路，于是不得不原路返回。
['dʌb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  double (sb) up/over
■If you double up/over, or if something doubles you up/over, you suddenly bend forwards and down, usually because of pain or laughter （通常指由于痛苦或大笑而）弯腰，前仰后合
• Most of the crowd doubled up with laughter at every joke. 人群中的大多数人每听完一个笑话都会笑得前仰后合。
• She was doubled up/over with the pain in her stomach. 她肚子痛得直不起腰来。
['dʌb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  double up
■to share something, especially a room, with someone else 与他人共用（尤指房间）
• Terry will have to double up with Bill in the front bedroom. 特里只好与比尔一起睡在前面的睡房里了。
['dʌb.l] noun predeterminer
 ADVANCED
■something that is twice the amount, size, strength, etc. of something else 两倍（的），双倍（的）
• I paid double (= twice as much) for those trousers before the sale. 减价前我买这条裤子花了两倍的价钱。
• Electrical goods are almost double the price they were a few years ago. 与几年前相比，电器商品的价格几乎贵了一倍。
• "Would you like another whiskey?" "Yes. Make it a double (= two standard amounts in one glass)." “你想再来一杯威士卡吗?”“好的，来个双倍份量的。”
['dʌb.l] noun predeterminer
double or quits UK (US double or nothing)
■(in games where money is risked) an agreement that the player who owes money will owe twice as much if they lose, but will owe nothing if they win （在赌钱游戏中）赢了旧债一笔勾销，否则欠债要增加一倍
['dʌb.l] adverb
■in two parts or layers 双份地；双层地
• Fold the blanket double (= so that it is in two layers) and then you won't be cold. 把毯子叠成两层，这样你就不会冷了。
• They were bent double (= Their heads and shoulders were bent far forward and down) from decades of labour in the fields. 由于长年在田里劳作，他们的腰都给累弯了。
see double US
■to have a problem with your eyes so that you see two of everything, usually because you are drunk or ill （通常指因醉酒或疾病导致视力）出现重影
• I started seeing double, then I fainted. 我的眼前开始出现重影，然后就晕了过去。
adj. 双重的；两倍的
 - dual, two-fold
vi. 加倍，加倍努力；快步走
 - redouble
vt. 使加倍
 - duplicate
adv. 双重地；两倍地；弓身地
 - twifold, twofold

Word: pathologist
Front: pathologist
[pəˈθɒlədʒɪst] (11711/12554)
Vocabulary: pathologist
(once / 9760 pages)
n
A student who is fascinated with the causes of disease and death might decide to go to medical school and become a pathologist.
A medical doctor who performs autopsies to learn how patients died is a pathologist. Other pathologists trace illness back to their root causes, or diagnose diseases such as cancer. When a doctor decides to to become a pathologist, her field is called "pathology." The Greek root of both words is pathologikos, "treating of disease," which combines pathos, "suffering," with logia, "study, or the study of."
WORD FAMILY
pathologist: pathologists+/ pathological: pathologically/ pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was a grumpy, skeptical woman, and the reason I wanted to be a forensic pathologist for most of my early adolescence.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
A pathologist determined the cause of death to be a shot to the stomach, causing heavy blood loss.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In October, Ramsey sued a forensic pathologist featured on the show who said he bludgeoned his sister to death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 病理学家
分布：病理学者(100%)
US [-'θɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■an expert in the study of diseases, especially someone who examines a dead person's body and cuts it open to discover how they died 病理学家

Word: hobble
Front: hobble
[ˈhɒbl] (宝 11703/14802 -1)
Vocabulary: hobble
(once / 1356 pages)
vn
When you hobble, you walk awkwardly or unsteadily because you're in pain. You might wipe out on your bike and then hobble back home, pushing it in front of you.
People who hobble, walking with a limp or a shuffle, have most often been injured in some way, though a disabled or elderly person might hobble as well. You can call the walk itself a hobble as well: "I knew that football tackle hurt when I saw your hobble as you left the field." The root of hobble is Old English — it's related to the Dutch hobbelen, "rock from side to side."
WORD FAMILY
hobble: hobbled, hobbler, hobbles, hobbling+/hobbler: hobblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
His right leg got caught beneath him, and he stayed on the ground, then hobbled off with help, putting no pressure on his left leg.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
From age 23 to 41, I ran 2 to 3 miles every single morning, until torn menisci and arthritis hobbled my knees.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Sometimes technology, though it hobbles us, also helps.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 跛行; 蹒跚
vt. 使跛行; 阻碍; 捆缚（马等）之两腿（以防走失）
n. 跛行; 蹒跚; <口，方〉困境
时态：hobbled, hobbling, hobbles
分布：蹒跚(58%)，跛行(42%)
→词源同hop,跳，-le,表反复。即跳来跳去的，引申词义蹒跚，跛行。
【记】没有一个人的hobby（n 业余爱好）是hobble读：好ball－好一个ball把李洪志摔了一个狗吃屎（gaucherie n 笨拙），使他hobble了。
US ['hɑ:.bl] verb
WALK 行走
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk in an awkward way, usually because the feet or legs are injured 一瘸一拐地行走，跛行
• The last time I saw Rachel she was hobbling around with a stick. 上次我见到雷切尔的时候，她拄着拐杖一瘸一拐的。
• Some of the runners could only manage to hobble over the finishing line. 有些跑者只是勉强蹒跚支撑到终点。
UK ['hɒb.l] US ['hɑ:.bl] verb
LIMIT 限制
transitive
■to limit something or control the freedom of someone 约束，限制
• A long list of amendments have hobbled the new legislation. 一长串的修正案限制了这项新立法。
transitive literary
■If you hobble an animal, especially a horse, you tie two of its legs together so that it cannot run away. 捆缚（动物，尤指马等的）两条腿
vi. 蹒跚；跛行
 - titubate, totter

Word: impatiently
Front: impatiently
[ɪm'peɪʃntlɪ] (11692/8325 -K)
Back: adv. 不耐烦地; 性急地; 焦急地; 焦躁地
分布：不耐烦地(56%)，急躁地(44%)
ADJ-GRADED
不耐烦的;急躁的
If you are impatient, you are annoyed because you have to wait too long for something.
例：He is impatient as the first hour passes and then another...一个小时、两个小时过去了,他不耐烦了。
例：The big clubs are becoming increasingly impatient at the rate of progress.大牌俱乐部对缓慢的进展越来越不耐烦了。
ADJ-GRADED
易发火的;无耐心的
If you are impatient, you are easily irritated by things.
例：Beware of being too impatient with others...注意不要对人不耐烦。
例：He threw it aside with an impatient gesture and another oath and walked off.他不耐烦地把它扔到一边,又骂了一句,然后走开了。
ADJ
迫不及待的;切望的;急不可耐的
If you are impatient to do something or impatient for something to happen, you are eager to do it or for it to happen and do not want to wait.
例：He was impatient to get home...他迫不及待想要回家。
例：They are impatient for jobs and security.他们渴望得到工作，获取安全感。

Word: shrink
Front: shrink
[ʃrɪŋk] (高研四六托雅宝 4474/5528 -2)
Vocabulary: shrink
(once / 189 pages)
1v 2n
Shrink is the informal word you can use to talk about a therapist. Talking about your problems with her can hopefully help you shrink them, or make them smaller.
The word shrink is related to the Swedish skrynka meaning "to wrinkle." Think about what happens to a lone forgotten fruit at the bottom of your fridge drawer. After a while, it begins to wrinkle or shrink. Clothes washed in hot water tend to shrink, so be wary of the setting on your washing machine. The use of shrink as referring to therapists started as late as the 1960s — with the idea of a psychologist being a "head-shrinker."
WORD FAMILY
shrink: shrank, shrinkable, shrinkage, shrinking, shrinks, shrunk+/shrinkable: unshrinkable/shrinkage: shrinkages/shrinking: shrinkings, unshrinking/unshrinking: unshrinkingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once this technology is commonplace and driverless cars are ubiquitous, those numbers will shrink to a tiny fraction of what they are today.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s interesting that each time we remove a number the solution space shrinks by a factor of about seven.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Unpersuaded by the prospect of sunshine after two days of rain, Baffert yanked Arrogate, thus shrinking an already puny field to a wagering-unfriendly four.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 收缩，皱缩; （使）缩水; 退缩，畏缩
n. 收缩; 畏缩; <俚>精神病学家
时态：shrank, shrunk, shrinking, shrinks
分布：收缩(53%)，萎缩(27%)，退缩(15%)，使收缩(4%)，精神科医生(1%)
→来自古英语 scrincan,收缩，枯萎，凋谢，来自 Proto-Germanic*skrink,收缩，来自 sker, 弯，转，词源同 ring,curve,scrimp.引申词义缩小，缩水等。
v.起皱,收缩;退缩,畏缩While sinking into thinking, the shrinking linkman drank the pink ink sprinkled on the wrinkly paper.陷入沉思时,退缩的联络员喝掉了洒在皱纹纸上的粉红色墨水.
【参】shrivel（v 通过干燥使枯萎和起皱）
verb (shrank, shrunk)
BECOME SMALLER 变小
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to become smaller, or to make something smaller （使）缩小，（使）变小
• Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature. 用温度过高的水洗毛衣，毛衣会缩水。
• The company's profits have shrunk from £5.5 million to £1.25 million. 公司利润从550万英镑减少到了125万英镑。
• The productivity improvements have shrunk our costs by 25%. 生产率的提高使我们的成本下降了25%。
⇒ See also shrunken
[ʃrɪŋk] verb (shrank, shrunk)
BE FRIGHTENED 受惊吓
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition literary
■to move away from someone or something because you are frightened 畏缩，退缩
• The child shrank behind the sofa as his father shouted at him. 孩子在父亲对着他吼叫时退缩到了沙发后面。
• When she was younger she would shrink (away) from me whenever I spoke to her. 她年纪更小一些的时候，我一和她说话她就会退缩。
[ʃrɪŋk] verb (shrank, shrunk)
  Phrasal Verbs  shrink from sth
■to avoid doing something that is unpleasant or difficult 逃避，躲避（令人不快或困难的事）
• We must not shrink from our responsibilities. 我们一定不能逃避责任。
• [+ -ing verb] We will not shrink from using force. 我们不会放弃使用武力。
[ʃrɪŋk] noun countable informal
■a psychiatrist or psychoanalyst
• I was so depressed that I ended up going to see a shrink. 我太郁闷了，最后不得不去找心理医生看看。
compress, contract, shrink, condense
这组词都有“收缩，压缩”的意思，其区别是：
compress: 指把乱而不成形的东西压成一定形状。
contract: 主要指以内、外部力量进行紧缩，也可用作引申。
shrink: 侧重指因收缩而达不到原有的长度、体积或容积。
condense: 指将东西压缩得更紧密、紧凑，但不失去原有的内容。
vi. 收缩；畏缩
 - contract, recoil from
vt. 使缩小，使收缩
 - astrict, constringe
n. 收缩
 - contraction, necking down

Word: IPod

Word: contingent
Front: contingent
[kənˈtɪndʒənt] (托宝 9268/8532 -2)
Vocabulary: contingent
(once / 629 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
The adjective contingent can be used to describe when something can occur only when something else does first. Making money is contingent on finding a good-paying job.
When something is contingent it means that the possibility of an event or situation depends on another happening or being true first. For example, sometimes people want to buy a new house but they make the purchase of the house they want to buy contingent upon someone else buying their old house first. That way they don't end up owning two houses!
WORD FAMILY
contingent: contingency, contingently, contingents+/ contingency: contingencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, both governments maintain that the visits were separate and not contingent upon one another.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
For the local contingent, matchups with Northeastern schools represent both an intimidating challenge and a welcome break from routine.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy personnel in dress white uniforms accompanied them, along with senior aides and a small contingent of reporters.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 依情况而定的; 取决于…的
n. 分遣队; 代表团
分布：代表团(44%)，取决于(36%)，小分队(8%)，不可预知的(4%)，偶然的事情(4%)，经验主义的(4%)
→来自contingency, 紧急事件，或处理紧急事件的人。
依条件而定的(con共同+ting+ent→(根据)大家接触到的情况而定)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
【记】con共同，ting＝tig接触－我们竟然共同接触在一起了－意外的con共同，ting拼：听－我们一起听新闻，因为有意外发生了，比如：美国停止签证10年！！然后看天气预报，因为我们不用被单词了，我们要去野餐，但是要是天气情况而定。
【参】contingency（n 偶然性；意外事故）
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people representing an organization or country, or a part of a military force （代表某一组织或国家的）代表团；（军队的）分遣队，小分队
• The French contingent certainly made their presence known at this year's conference. 法国代表团在今年的会议上确实表现出众。
• a large contingent of voluntary soldiers 一支由志愿兵组成的庞大分遣队
[kən'tɪn.dʒənt] adjective formal
contingent on/upon sth
■depending on something else in the future in order to happen 视…而定的；因…而变的；取决于…的
• Outdoor arrangements are, as ever, contingent on the weather. 同以前一样，室外布置依天气而定。
• Our success is contingent upon your support. 我们的成功有赖于你的支援。
adj. 因情况而异的；不一定的；偶然发生的
 - occurrent, chancy
n. 分遣队；偶然事件；分得部分
 - happenchance, detachment

Word: interracial
Front: interracial
[ˌɪntəˈreɪʃl] (11753/46248)
Back: adj. 人种间的，人种混合的
分布：人种混合的(75%)，不同种族间的(25%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，race,民族。
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■involving different human races 不同种族间的
• an interracial marriage/relationship 不同种族间的通婚／关系
• The government must act to stamp out interracial hatred and violence. 政府必须采取行动消除种族间的仇恨与暴力。

Word: tort
Front: tort
[tɔ:t] (11728/10972)
Vocabulary: tort
(once / 11668 pages)
n
If you sue a surgeon for operating on your left foot instead of the right one, you are filing a tort suit. Hopefully, you'll walk out of court victorious (on both feet).
Tort comes from the Latin word tortum, meaning "wrong." When someone has done some wrong to you, you can seek justice (in the form of payment) by taking them to court. Tortum itself comes from tortus (also Latin) meaning "twisted." So remember if someone does something twisted, like spread terrible lies about you, you could pursue a tort claim.
WORD FAMILY
tort: torts
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’re not talking about lending a set of hands to help construct the new reform Valhalla of tort reform, market deregulation, and health savings accounts.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
An American Tort Reform Association report released Wednesday said St. Louis is a magnet for product liability and consumer class-action lawsuits.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The charges were dropped, but Mr. Shawe filed a tort case that continues, according to the court.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. <律>民事侵权行为
分布：侵权行为(96%)，民事过失(4%)
US ['tɔ:rt] legal
noun countable
■an action that is wrong but which can be dealt with in a civil , rather than criminal, court （不构成刑事犯罪的）民事侵权行为
n. 侵权行为
 - delict

Word: bruised
Front: bruised
[bru:zd] (11707/12057)
Back: [医]青肿的，瘀紫的
分布：瘀伤的(72%)，动词bruise的过去式和过去分词.(28%)
adjective
■having bruises 碰伤的，有瘀伤的
• a bruised shoulder/knee/elbow 碰伤的肩膀／膝盖／臂肘
• She was badly bruised but otherwise unhurt. 她除了严重擦伤外没有别的伤。
■emotionally hurt as a result of a bad experience （感情上）受伤害的
• Divorce generally leaves both partners feeling rather bruised. 离婚一般会使双方都受到伤害。
v. 擦伤（bruise的过去式）
 - galled

Word: torrent
Front: torrent
[ˈtɒrənt] (研四六托雅宝 11727/11348 -1)
Vocabulary: torrent
(once / 414 pages)
n
A torrent is a heavy rain, or the flooding or wildly-running streams it causes, like the torrent that soaks everyone unlucky enough to be out on the street at that moment.
Because the noun torrent literally means "rushing stream," it is often describes fast-flowing water, like a rainstorm or creeks and rivers that overflow their banks. But the word can also describe any sudden inundation, like a deluge of words or thoughts, like when, in anger, you unleash a torrent of emotional words on your friend. Like a violent storm, you pour those words, not letting up in order to let him or her explain the other side of the story.
WORD FAMILY
torrent: torrential, torrents+/ torrential: torrentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Primarily from the hemmed-in backyard of his brick house he pours forth a torrent of rage, bitterness, pride and anguish.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The huge missile spilled a torrent of flame over the launching pad.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Reagan stuck to his promise to visit the cemetery in Bitburg despite a torrent of criticism from Jewish groups, U.S. veterans and others.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 奔流，急流; 爆发，迸发; 连续不断; （质问等的）连发
分布：激流(64%)，山洪(36%)
→来自拉丁语 torrere,燃烧，使干燥，来自 ters,干的，词源同 terrain,torrid.比喻用法，后用 于指激流，湍流，因其咆哮的声音如同热水沸腾而得名。
n.激流,洪流;爆发,(话语等的)连发The current occurrence of torrent spurs him to buy fur and sulfur.现行的倾泻事件驱使他买毛皮衣服和硫磺.
US ['tɔ:r-] noun
only singular
■a sudden large or too large amount, especially one which seems to be uncontrollable （尤指似乎无法控制的）狂潮，迸发
• He let out a torrent of abuse/angry words. 他连珠炮地说了一大堆谩骂／生气的话。
• They are worried that the flow/trickle/stream of tourists could swell into an unmanageable torrent if there are no controls. 他们担心如果不进行控制，这些川流不息／涓涓细流般／源源不断的游客会汇集成一股难以应付的洪流。
countable
■a large amount of water that is moving quickly 洪流；激流
• Heavy rainfall turned the river into a rushing/raging torrent. 大雨将河水变成了汹涌的激流。
torrents [plural]
■large amounts 大量
• torrents of rain 倾盆大雨
• The rain came down/fell in torrents. 大雨倾盆而下。
• We have received torrents of letters/requests/criticism. 我们收到了潮水般涌来的信件／请求／批评。
n. 奔流；倾注；迸发；连续不断
 - transfusion, decantation

Word: fastest-growing
Front: fastest-growing
None None
Back: 增长最快的
分布：增长最快的(100%)

Word: dribble
Front: dribble
[ˈdrɪbl] (宝 11717/14877 -1)
Vocabulary: dribble
(once / 4195 pages)
1nv 2nv
A dribble is a slow, steady flow of water. Or, if you are a basketball player, you dribble the ball to make your way towards the basket.
Dribbling consists of tiny drops of water (or another liquid) dripping. If you've ever had a leaky faucet going drip-drip-drip-drip, then you know exactly what dribbling is like, and how annoying it can be. Dribbling in basketball isn't annoying at all; in fact, it's an essential skill. If you think about it, the repeated tap-tap-tap of the ball sounds a bit like the drip-drip-drip of the water dribbling.
WORD FAMILY
dribble: dribbled, dribbler, dribbles, dribbling+/dribbler: dribblers/dribbling: dribblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stanford: The Cardinal is struggling to defend the perimeter and the dribble drive.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Sun Devils dribbled down the clock and Reili Richardson’s layup rolled off before the buzzer.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The extra height of the lid accommodates whipped cream or cappuccino foam, and its inner ring reduces “dribble at the rim,” the company’s website says.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 点滴留下
vt. & vi. （使液体）滴下或作细流; 运球，带球
n. 口水; 涓滴，细滴; 运球; 少量（液体）
时态：dribbled, dribbling, dribbles
分布：运球(60%)，流口水(16%)，少量(12%)，细流(8%)，使 ... 慢慢流下(4%)
→词源同drip, 滴。-le,表反复。
【记】drip（n 水滴v 使滴下）
【区】scribble（v /n 乱涂乱写）
verb intransitive or transitive
FLOW SLOWLY 缓慢流动
■to (cause a liquid to) flow very slowly in small amounts （使）滴下，（使）慢慢流淌
• The water was barely dribbling out of the tap. 水好不容易地从水龙头里缓慢滴下。
• Dribble the remaining olive oil over the tomatoes. 把剩下的橄榄油淋在番茄上。
['drɪb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
FROM MOUTH 从口中
■to have liquid slowly coming out of your mouth （使）流口水，（使）垂涎
• Babies dribble constantly. 婴儿总是流口水。
['drɪb.l] verb intransitive or transitive
MOVE BALL 运球
■(in football or hockey) to move a ball along the ground with repeated small kicks or hits, or (in basketball) to move a ball by repeatedly hitting it against the floor with your hand （足球或曲棍球中）连续带（球）；（篮球中）连续运（球）
• He dribbled the ball to the edge of the pitch. 他把球带到了球场的边缘。
• His speed allows him to easily dribble past defenders. 他的速度快，能轻松带球越过防守队员。
['drɪb.l] noun
FROM MOUTH 从口
countable or uncountable
■liquid that comes out of your mouth 口水
• There was dribble all over her chin. 她的下巴上满是口水。
• a dribble of saliva 一滴唾液
['drɪb.l] noun
SLOW FLOW 缓慢流动
countable or uncountable
■a very slow flow of a liquid 慢慢流淌
• The flow of water was reduced to a dribble. 水流变成了涓涓细流。
['drɪb.l] noun
MOVE BALL 运球
countable
■in football, when a ball is moved along the ground with repeated kicks or, in basketball, when a ball is moved by repeatedly hitting it against the floor with your hand （足球或曲棍球中）连续带（球）；（篮球中）连续运（球）
• Brinkworth's attempted dribble through the Milan defence was stopped by Ponti's tackle. 布林克沃斯想带球越过米兰队的防线，却被庞蒂给截住了。
n. 运球；点滴
 - sprinkling
vt. 运球；使滴下
 - ball handling
vi. 流口水；滴下
 - run at the mouth, drip down

Word: interstellar
Front: interstellar
[ˌɪntəˈstelə(r)] (托 11761/26622)
Back: adj. 星际的; 恒星际
分布：星际的(100%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，stellar,星际的，星球的。
星际的(inter在之间+stellar星星的)[Stell=star,表示"星星"]
US [-tˌɚ'stel.ɚ] adjective [before noun]
■between the stars 星际的
• interstellar space 星际空间
adj. [航] [天] 星际的
 - astral

Word: unconsciously
Front: unconsciously
[ʌnˈkɒnʃəsli] (11730/9930)
Back: adv. 未意识到地; 不知道地; 失去知觉地; 神志不清地
分布：无意识地(75%)，不知不觉地(25%)
ADJ
不省人事的；失去知觉的；神志不清的
Someone who is unconscious is in a state similar to sleep, usually as the result of a serious injury or a lack of oxygen.
例：By the time ambulancemen arrived he was unconscious...救护人员到达时他已经不省人事了。
例：He was dragged from his van and beaten unconscious by a gang of salmon poachers.他被一帮盗猎大麻哈鱼的家伙从货车里拽出来打得不省人事。
ADJ-GRADED
不知道的；未觉察的；没注意到的
If you are unconscious of something, you are unaware of it.
例：He himself seemed totally unconscious of his failure...他本人似乎对自己的失败全然不知。
例：Mr Battersby was apparently quite unconscious of their presence.巴特斯比先生显然没有注意到他们在场。
ADJ
潜意识的；无意识的
If feelings or attitudes are unconscious, you are not aware that you have them, but they show in the way that you behave.
例：Unconscious envy manifests itself very often as this kind of arrogance...潜意识里的嫉妒常表现为这种傲慢自大。
例：'You're well out of it,' Christopher said with unconscious brutality.“幸亏没你什么事儿，”克里斯托弗无意中冷冷地说道。
N-SING
无意识
Your unconscious is the part of your mind that contains feelings and ideas that you do not know about or cannot control.
例：In examining the content of the unconscious, Freud called into question some deeply-held beliefs.在审视无意识的内容时，弗洛伊德对一些根深蒂固的看法提出了质疑。
unaccountably, disproportionately, unconsciously, indefinitely
unaccountably: 无法解释的，不能说明的
disproportionately: 不成比例的
unconsciously: 无意识的，不知不觉的
indefinitely: 不确定的，无期限的
adv. 不知不觉；无意识地
 - automatically, senselessly

Word: breach
Front: breach
[bri:tʃ] (研托雅宝 7862/2451 -2)
Vocabulary: breach
(once / 376 pages)
1nv 2nv
A breach is a violation of a law, duty, or promise. If you'd contracted to mow your neighbor's lawn and don't do it, he can sue you for breach of contract. Or he can mow the lawn himself.
Breach traces back to the Old English verb: brecan "to break," which is what breach really means––"a breaking of something." Breach of contract is a legal way of saying you broke a promise. If your great aunt Edna is a stickler for propriety, she may be horrified when you eat your meat with the salad fork, considering it a breach of good manners.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
breach / breech
If you break a contract, it's a breach. If you're talking about pantaloons, guns, or feet-first babies, use breech with a double "e."
A breach is a break — whether it's a breach in contract or a breach in a dam. Lawyers like it because they can help if there's a breach of the law. Whales break free from the water when they breach, but no one wants them to breach the side of their boat because that boat would sink. Just ask the Pequod. Other examples:
"It is impossible to tell if there is a specific breach of any conflict of interest laws." (New York Times)
"All 68 passengers and crew are safe, authorities said, and the vessel itself incurred only a small breach in its hull." (Time)
A breech, double "e," is an opening at back of the gun. It's also the word for hindquarters. The breech is on the butt of a gun, but it's also sometimes the buttocks of a human. Seriously. Breeches is an old word for pants, or britches, the kind George Washington rocked. You can still get breeches, though, for horseback riding. If a baby is born feet- or bottom-first, that's a breech birth. Examples:
"A 'magazine' is a chamber for holding a supply of cartridges to be fed automatically to the breech of a gun, according to Merriam-Webster's dictionary." (Forbes)
"Goforth said the first baby came out and then the second baby came out breech birth, meaning the baby was delivered feet first." (Washington Times)
Use breach is there's a break, but save breech for guns, pants, and babies.
WORD FAMILY
breach: breached, breaches, breaching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Netanyahu was investigated during his first term as Israeli prime minister in the late 1990s on allegations of fraud and breach of public trust.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A federal judge urged officials to consider breaching four of those dams on the Snake River.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
So, resolved for 2017: Let us somehow find the determination of whales to breach it and rise above.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 破坏; 破裂; 缺口; 违背
vt. 攻破; 破坏，违反
时态：breached, breaching, breaches
分布：违反(50%)，破坏(18%)，突破(15%)，违背(11%)，裂口(4%)，决裂(1%)，在 ... 上打开缺口(1%)
→词源同break.
n.违反,不履行;破裂vt.冲破,攻破Your company is in breach of the contract.你们公司违反了合同.
【记】breach＝break（n 破裂；v 打破，违犯）
【反】solder（v 焊接）
noun countable
BROKEN PROMISE/RULE 违背承诺／违反规定
■an act of breaking a law, promise, agreement or relationship 破坏，违犯；违反，不履行
• They felt that our discussions with other companies constituted a breach of/in our agreement. 他们认为我们与别的公司谈判违反了我们之间的协定。
• He was sued for breach of contract. 他因为违约而被起诉。
• There have been serious security breaches (= breaks in our security system). 保安系统出了大问题。
(a) breach of the peace legal
■(an example of) illegal noisy or violent behaviour in a public place 扰乱治安（行为）
be in breach of sth formal
■to be breaking a particular law or rule 违反（法律或规章）
• The cinema was in breach of the Health and Safety Act for having no fire doors. 由于没有消防门这家影院违反了《健康与安全法》。
[bri:tʃ] noun countable
OPENING 开缝 formal
■a hole that is made in a wall or another structure used for protection during an attack （墙或防御工事上的）缺口
• A cannon ball had made a breach in their castle walls. 一颗炮弹把他们的城墙打出了一个缺口。
[bri:tʃ] verb transitive formal
BREAK PROMISE/RULE 违反
■to break a law, promise, agreement or relationship 破坏，违犯；违反
• They breached the agreement they had made with their employer. 他们违反了曾与雇主达成的协议。
[bri:tʃ] verb transitive formal
MAKE OPENING 开口
■to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or something behind it （尤指为从背后突袭）在…上打开缺口
• Their defences were easily breached. 他们的防线轻而易举就被突破了。
n. 违背，违反；缺口
 - separation, gap, violation, infringement
vt. 违反，破坏；打破
 - destroy, violate

Word: primal
Front: primal
[ˈpraɪml] (托 11733/13028 -1)
Vocabulary: primal
(once / 2498 pages)
adj
The adjective primal describes something that's essential or basic, like the primal urge to protect yourself and your family from harm.
The Latin root of primal is primus, which means first. If your friend talks about his primal self, he means the most basic, important part of who he is. You can think of this as a first priority, just as the primal urges of all animals is survival. Primal can also describe something that's original, or at its earliest stage, like a primal or primeval forest, the most ancient example of that kind of terrain.
WORD FAMILY
primal: primality, primally+/primality: primalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s attracted to her “wildly freestyle” spirit and “primal, instinctive energy,” he said, a contrast to his own more controlled manner.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
After Donald Trump’s election, some universities echoed with primal howls.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“Hopefully there’s a real emotional catharsis that is more primal than intellectual.”
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 第一的，最初的; 原始的; 首位的，主要的; 根本的
分布：原始的(58%)，最初的(30%)，主要的(12%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，首要的，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective [before noun]
■relating to the time when human life on Earth began 最初的，原始的
• The universe evolved from a densely packed primal inferno. 宇宙是从原始的炽热混沌状态演变而来的。
■formal
■basic and connected with an early stage of development 基本的，根本的；原始的
• a primal urge to connect with nature 与自然相通的原始冲动
• primal fears 本能的恐惧
adj. 原始的；主要的；最初的
 - original, major, central, premier, leading
vt. 释放（被压抑的童年情绪）
 - deliver, free, unhold

Word: glaze
Front: glaze
[gleɪz] (托宝 9176/13775 -1)
Vocabulary: glaze
(once / 936 pages)
nv
The glaze on a doughnut is the thin sweet coating that makes your fingers sticky. The glaze on a coffee table is the shiny coating that makes it glossy. The glaze on your friend's eyes as you talk is a sign that maybe you're boring her.
Like glass, a glaze is a shiny clear substance so it's no surprise that they both come from the same root word glas. Objects that have a glaze on them include ceramic pots and doughnuts. If you glaze over something, you're covering it with a thin clear substance that makes it look polished. If someone says your eyes are starting to glaze over, snap out of it and look alive.
WORD FAMILY
glaze: deglaze, glazed, glazer, glazes, glazier, glazing+/deglaze: deglazing/ glazed: glazedly, unglazed/glazer: glazers/glazier: glaziers
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you do, her eyes will glaze over and you won’t get anywhere.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
The part you need is called a glazing bead.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
But there’s one aspect of holiday ham, in all its retro glory, that I do miss: that sticky-sweet glaze.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 装玻璃; 上釉于; 上光
vi. （目光）变得呆滞无神; 变得光滑
n. 上釉的表面; 釉料; 光滑面; （浇在糕点上增加光泽的）蛋浆
时态：glazed, glazing, glazes
分布：釉(88%)，上釉(6%)，变呆滞(3%)，装以玻璃(1%)，变得光滑(1%)，覆罩的一层(1%)
→词源同glass, 玻璃。字母s,z音变。
【记】源于glaze＝glass玻璃，一层透明的物质－釉
【反】rumple（v 弄皱）
verb
GLASS 玻璃
transitive
■to put a piece of glass into a window or the windows of a building 装玻璃于；给（窗户）装玻璃
• The house is nearly finished but it hasn't been glazed yet. 房子即将完工，但是窗户还没有装玻璃。
[gleɪz] verb
SHINY 发光的
transitive
■to make a surface shiny by putting a liquid substance onto it and leaving it or heating it until it dries 给…上釉；给…上光；使光滑，使光亮
• Glaze the pastry with beaten egg. 往油酥面团里加入打匀的鸡蛋，好使它亮滑。
• The pot had been badly glazed. 这个罐子上釉上得很差。
[gleɪz] verb
BORED 无聊的
intransitive (also glaze over)
■If your eyes glaze or glaze over, they stay still and stop showing any emotion because you are bored or tired or have stopped listening （眼神）变呆滞，发呆
• Among the audience, eyes glazed over and a few heads started to nod. 听众目光变得呆滞无神，少数人开始打盹。
[gleɪz] noun countable
■a substance used to glaze something 釉，釉料；（用来使食物有光泽的）浆，汁
• a cake with a redcurrant glaze 浇有红醋栗果浆的蛋糕
• pottery with a fine translucent glaze 发出半透明光泽的陶器
n. [陶瓷] 釉；光滑面
 - glost, glair

Word: appellate
Front: appellate
[ə'pelɪt] (11714/17774)
Vocabulary: appellate
(once / 1219 pages)
adj
The adjective appellate is good for talking about the legal process for hearing appeals. An appellate court of law mainly deals with people attempting to reverse legal decisions.
After a defendant has been convicted of a crime, she has the opportunity to appeal that decision, or apply to have her case re-tried. The judge who would hear this new case is called an appellate judge, and the court in which the case would be heard is an appellate court. The word appellate is a legal way to say "relating to appeals," and its root is the Latin appellare, "to address, appeal to, or summon."
WORD FAMILY
appellate: appellately, appellation, appellative+/ appellation: appellations/appellative: appellatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
In May 2015, an appellate judge ruled in favor of the city and the developer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“The people in Michigan, they want jobs and paychecks,” said Schuette, a 63-year-old former congressman, state senator and appellate judge from Midland.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Some death penalty opponents hope that Mr. Roof’s defiance will prompt the appellate courts to adopt a more rigorous standard for capital defendants.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. （尤指法庭）上诉的，受理上诉的
分布：上诉的(50%)，受理上诉的(41%)，控诉的(9%)

Word: better
Front: better
[ˈbetə(r)] (高雅 452/704 -K5)
Vocabulary: better
(once / 14 pages)
1adjadvnv 2adj 3n
Something better is improved — like when a more advanced computer comes out, or you feel better after a cold.
When we talk about things being better, we're comparing in a favorable way. A great movie is better than a good or awful movie. With practice, you will get better at a sport or a subject like math. Doctors help patients feel better, and mechanics make a car run better. If 51% or more of the people voted for you, then you had the support of better than half the people. When things are getting better, they're improving.
WORD FAMILY
better: bettered, bettering, betterly, betterment, betters+/ best: bested, bester, bestest, besting, bests/betterment: betterments/ good: best, better, goodish, goodness, goods/goodness: goodnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are too many great examples of us being just a little bit away from it being a whole lot better,” he said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Finding consensus on technical problems, where one solution often is clearly better than another, is easier than on legal and political matters.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Stewart, the principal, says she struggles to keep new teachers who often leave for better pay and less stress in other districts.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 较好的; 更合适的; 能力更强的; 好转的
adv. 更好地; 更妥; 更
v. 胜过; 上进
n. 更好者; 更有才智者
时态：bettered, bettering, betters
分布：更好的(55%)，更好地(19%)，改善(14%)，较好的(8%)，更好者(1%)，形容词good和副词well的比较级形式(1%)，使更好(1%)，下赌注者(1%)
→单词boot的比较级，后用作good的比较级。
a.较好的ad.更好(地)v.改良n.较佳者I hope you'll be better soon.我希望你能很快好起来.
US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■comparative of good; of a higher standard, or more suitable, pleasing or effective than other things or people 较好的；更好的
• He stood near the front to get a better view. 他为了看得更清楚，尽量靠前站。
• Relations between the two countries have never been better. 两国的关系从未曾像现在这么好过。
• It's much better to have a small cosy room than a big cold one. 拥有一间小而暖的房间要比拥有一间大而冷的房间好得多。
• The film was better than I expected. 这出电影比我预期的好。
• She is much better at tennis than I am. 她网球打得比我好很多。
• It is far (= much) better to save some of your money than to spend it all at once. 把钱存起来，总比一下子花完要好得多了。
• Fresh vegetables are better for you (= more beneficial to you) than canned ones. 新鲜蔬菜比罐装蔬菜对健康更有益。
• The longer you keep this wine, the better it tastes (= It has a better flavour if you keep it for a long time). 这种酒越陈越香。
• The bed was hard, but it was better than nothing (= than not having a bed). 床有点硬，可是总比没有好。
 IMPROVER
■If you are or get better after an illness or injury, you are healthy and no longer ill （伤病）好转的，康复的
• I hope you get better soon. 希望你早日康复。
get better
■to improve 改善
• After the cease-fire, the situation in the capital got better. 停火以后，首都的局势有所好转。
• She's getting much better at pronouncing English words. 她的英语发音现在好多了。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
be better than sex informal
■to be extremely enjoyable or exciting 感觉比做爱还棒；极其刺激
• For me, nothing compares with the thrill of surfing - it's better than sex. 对我而言，没有甚么比滑浪更刺激的了——感觉简直比做爱还棒。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
Better late than never. saying
■said when you think that it is better for someone or something to be late than never to arrive or to happen 晚来总比不来强；迟做总比不做好
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
better luck next time
■said to tell someone that you hope they will succeed when they try again 下次好运
• I'm sorry to hear that you failed your driving test. Better luck next time, eh! 听说你没通过驾驶考试我很难过，不过祝你下次成功！
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
Better safe than sorry. saying
■said when you think it is best not to take risks even when it seems boring or difficult to be careful 有备无患。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
Better the devil you know (than the devil you don't). UK saying
■said when you think it is wiser to deal with someone familiar, although you do not like them, than to deal with someone who you do not know, who might be worse 宁可跟熟悉的魔鬼打交道；明枪易躲，暗箭难防
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
go one better
■to do something which is more advanced or more generous than someone else 更胜一筹，胜过
• I gave her a card, but my brother went one better and bought her a present. 我送了她一张贺卡，但我哥哥更大方，居然给她买了礼物。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adjective
be no better than (a) sth
■If you say that someone is no better than a person who is unpleasant or unkind, you mean that they have behaved in a similar way to this type of person 和…几乎一样，比…好不到哪里去
• People who don't pay their bus fares are no better than common criminals. 乘车逃票的人无异于作奸犯科。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■in a more suitable, pleasing or satisfactory way, or to a greater degree 更好地；较好地
• The next time he took the test, he was better prepared. 第二次考试时，他准备得更充分。
• She did much better (= was more successful) in the second half of the match. 她在比赛下半场的表现更出色。
• I like this jacket much better than (= I prefer it to) the other one. 比起另外一件夹克，我更喜欢这件。
• She knows her way around the college better than I do. 她比我更清楚学院附近的路。
 ESSENTIAL
■to a greater degree, when used as the comparative of adjectives beginning with 'good' or 'well' （表示以 good 或 well 开头的形容词比较级）更，更大程度地
• She is better-looking (= more attractive) than her brother. 她比哥哥长得好看。
• He is much better-known for his poetry than his song-writing. 他作的诗比他写的歌更出名。
better still (also even better)
■used to say that a particular choice would be more satisfactory 干脆，不如
• Why don't you give her a call or, better still, go and see her? 你为甚么不打个电话给她，或者干脆亲自去找她？
sb would do better UK
■it would be wiser （某人）最好
• You would do better to bring the plants inside when the weather gets colder. 天气转冷时，你最好把盆栽植物搬进屋里。
sb had better do sth
■used to give advice or to make a threat （某人）最好做…
• You'd better (= You should) go home now before the rain starts. 你最好在下雨之前赶回家。
• He'd better pay me back that money he owes me soon, or else. 他最好赶快把欠我的那笔钱还给我，否则我就对他不客气。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  betterWarning: check your word order! Better does not usually come between the verb and its object. Don't say 'do better something', say do something better :
✗ Since my visit to England I understand better English. Since my visit to England I understand English better.
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] noun
uncountable
■something that is of a higher standard than others 更好的事物；较好者
• He ran the 100 metres in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen better (= a faster result) this year. 他100米跑了9.91秒，这是我今年见过的最好成绩。
uncountable
■behaviour, work or treatment that is more suitable, pleasing or satisfactory 更合适的举止；较令人满意的工作；更好的待遇
• You shouldn't have been so mean to your mother - she deserves better. 你不应该对你妈妈如此刻薄——她理应得到更好的报答。
• I didn't think he would go out without telling me - I expected better of him. 我原以为他不会不跟我说一声就出去的——我对他期望过高了。
betters [plural] old-fashioned
■people of a higher rank or social position than you 较优者；上司
• As children, we were taught not to argue with our elders and betters. 从小大人就教导我们不能与长辈和上级争吵。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] noun
for better or (for) worse
■If you do something for better or (for) worse, you accept the bad results of the action as well as the good ones 无论好坏，不管怎样
• Anyway, for better or for worse, I followed her advice. 不管结果会怎样，我还是听从了她的建议。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] noun
for the better
■If something changes for the better, it improves 改善
• Most people think that things have changed for the better since the new government came to power. 大多数人觉得新政府上台后，情况已有所改善。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] noun
get the better of sb
■to defeat someone in a competition 击败（某人）
• He fought fiercely, but his opponent easily got the better of him. 他奋力搏斗，但还是被对手轻而易举地击败了。
■If a feeling gets the better of you, you cannot stop yourself from allowing that feeling to make you do something, despite knowing that what you are doing is wrong 感情战胜（某人的）理智
• Her curiosity got the better of her and she opened the door and peeped inside. 她的好奇心占了上风，于是她打开房门，向里边窥视。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] noun
so much the better (also all the better) informal
■used to say that a particular action or situation would be even more successful 那样会更好
• If you can go there this afternoon, so much the better. 如果你今天下午去那里会更好。
UK ['bet.ər] US ['betˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to improve a situation 改善；改进
• The organization was established to better conditions for the disabled. 这个组织是为改善残疾人士的生活条件而成立的。
better yourself
■to improve your social position, often by getting a better job or education 提高自身的水准；改善自身的社会地位
• He tried to better himself by taking evening classes. 他试图透过选修夜校课程，提高自己的文化水准。
better, improve, perfect, refine
这组词都有“改进，改善”的意思，其区别是：
better: 多用于口语，指适当地改善原来并非很差的状态或性质，也指社会地位、经济状况的改善。
improve: 最常用词，多指状态或性质上的深刻或重要改进，也可指自身能力的提高。
perfect: 语义强，通常指使方法、技术等达到完善美好的境地。
refine: 侧重指使语言、仪态等变得文雅、优美，也可指技艺等的提高。
n. 长辈；较好者；打赌的人（等于bettor）
 - elder, seniority
vt. 改善；胜过
 - improve, overcome, exceed, cap

Word: Chilean
Front: Chilean
['tʃɪlɪən] (11766/39894)
Back: n. 智利人；智利语
adj. 智利文化的；智利人的；智利的
分布：智利的(62%)，智利人(38%)
noun countable adjective
■Chilean 智利人／智利的

Word: notification
Front: notification
[ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (六 11740/10078 -1)
Vocabulary: notification
(once / 4576 pages)
n
A notification is a formal notice, request, or warning. You might get a notification from your landlord that you need to shovel the snow on your sidewalk, or a notification from your school that you've won an award.
Some notifications arrive in the form of a letter in your mailbox, while others are verbal (you might get a phone call that's a notification that your cat is due for a shot at the vet), and many more are sent as emails or other electronic messages. The Latin source is notificare , "to make known," which comes from the roots notus, "known," and facere, "make."
WORD FAMILY
notification: notifications+/ notice: noticeable, noticed, noticer, notices, noticing, notify / noticeable: noticeability, noticeableness, noticeably, unnoticeable/noticed: unnoticed/ notify: notifiable, notification, notified, notifies, notifying/unnoticeable: unnoticeableness, unnoticeably/unnoticed: unnoticedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Often mere notification of a review by the panel discourages deals.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Media outlets report the woman’s name was withheld pending notification of relatives.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The name of the man was being withheld pending notification of next of kin.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 通知; 通知单; 布告; 公布
分布：通知(96%)，通告(3%)，告示(1%)
US [ˌnoʊ.tˌə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when you tell someone officially about something, or a document which does this 通知（书）；通告；告示
• You must give the bank (a) written notification if you wish to close your account. 如果你想撤销帐户，必须向银行发一份书面通知。
n. [管理] 通知；通告； [法] 告示
 - advice, information, announcement

Word: locomotive
Front: locomotive
[ˌləʊkəˈməʊtɪv] (研四六托雅宝 11729/5203 -2)
Back: n. 火车头; 机车
adj. 移动的; 运动的
分布：机车(76%)，火车头(19%)，运动的(2%)，火车头的(2%)，旅行的(1%)
→来自locomotion,移动，运动，引申词义机车，火车头。
火车头;机车(loco+mot动+ive→从一地动到一地→火车头)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
火车头(loco地方+mot+ive→从一个地方动到另一个地方→火车头)[mot=move,表示"动"]
火车头(loco地方+mot动...从一地动到另一地)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
n.机车,火车头a.运动的,移动的,运载的Revolutions are the locomotives of history.革命是历史的火车头.
【记】local地方，motive动：从一个地方动到另一个地方－机车！
【参】locate（v 查找…的地点；位于）；locale（n 现场；场所）；locus（n 地点，所在地）；locust（n 蝗虫）从一个地方吃到另一个地方
US [ˌloʊ.kə'moʊ.tˌɪv] noun countable (UK informal loco)
■the engine of a train 火车头，机车
UK [ˌləʊ.kə'məʊ.tɪv] US [ˌloʊ.kə'moʊ.tˌɪv] adjective
■relating to movement or the ability to move 运动的；有运动能力的
engine, locomotive
这组词都有“机车，火车头”的意思，其区别是：
engine: 其区别在于所使用的地区不同，engine是英国英语
locomotive: 其区别在于所使用的地区不同，而locomotive为美国英语。
adj. [铁路] 火车头的；运动的；移动的
 - moving, sport, athletic, kinetic
n. 机车； [铁路] 火车头
 - engine, haulage motor

Word: nitrate
Front: nitrate
[ˈnaɪtreɪt] (11742/7431 -1)
Back: n. 硝酸盐; 硝酸根; 硝酸盐类化肥; 硝酸酯
vt. 用硝酸处理; 使硝化
时态：nitrated, nitrating, nitrates
分布：硝酸盐(100%)
→nitr-,硝，-ate,化学名词后缀，盐。
noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical which includes nitrogen and oxygen, often used as a fertilizer (= a substance that helps plants grow) 硝酸盐；硝酸盐肥料
• potassium/sodium nitrate 硝酸钾／钠
• Nitrogen is converted into nitrates in the soil which plants can then use. 氮转化为土壤中的硝酸盐，可被植物吸收。

Word: jack
Front: jack
[dʒæk] (六 11765/1652 -2)
Vocabulary: jack
(once / 2126 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n 7n 8n 9n 10n 11n 12v
If you're ever stranded beside the highway with a flat tire, what you need is a jack and a spare tire. With a jack, you can lift the car slightly off the ground and change the tire.
Most cars have an emergency jack in the trunk, and repair shops have larger jacks, sometimes called "garage jacks," that can raise the car high enough for a mechanic to work underneath it. To lift this way is to jack something. Other kinds of jacks include game pieces and playing cards. In Middle English, as now, the name Jack was used for "ordinary guy," a meaning that transferred to basic tools, generic men, and male animals.
WORD FAMILY
jack: jacked, jacking, jacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no shortage of generous storage cubbies, USB jacks and power ports throughout the vehicle, either.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Boeing is testing a system with the completed wings each supported by three giant jacks.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The bright stock jack chinook run is about half the recent 10-year average.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 千斤顶; [信]插孔，插座; 男人; 纸牌中的J
vt. 提高，增加; 用千斤顶顶起; 抬起; 抬起，使想起
vi. <美>用篝灯打猎（或捕鱼）
时态：jacked, jacking, jacks
分布：千斤顶(27%)，男人(14%)，插座(14%)，船首旗(11%)，抬高(10%)，侍者(7%)，水手(5%)，公畜(5%)，用千斤顶顶起(5%)，扑克牌里的J(2%)
→常见人名，来自古法语Jacques,来自拉丁语Jacobus,即圣经人物Jacob.后该人名被极大的通用化，代指各种叫不出名字的人或物，类似于中国的张三李四。jack 千斤顶，插座，J牌
noun countable
EQUIPMENT 机械
■a piece of equipment which can be opened slowly under a heavy object such as a car in order to raise it off the ground 千斤顶，起重器
• You need a car jack in order to change a wheel. 给汽车换轮子需要用千斤顶。
[dʒæk] noun countable
CARD 纸牌 (also knave)
■a playing card with a picture of a man on it. It has a lower value than the cards showing a king or queen （纸牌中的）J牌，杰克
• the jack of clubs 梅花杰克
[dʒæk] noun countable
BALL 球
■a small ball towards which other balls are rolled or thrown in the games of bowls or boules （草地滚木球游戏或法国式滚球游戏中的）靶子球
[dʒæk] noun countable
ELECTRICAL 与电有关的
■a connection between two pieces of electrical equipment （电）插座，插口，塞孔
[dʒæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jack sth in UK informal
■to stop doing something, often a job or something that you are not enjoying 停止；放弃
• He's jacked in his job. 他放弃了他的工作。
[dʒæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jack sth up
LIFT
■to raise a heavy object such as a car off the ground with a jack 用起重器顶起，用千斤顶托起
INCREASE informal disapproving
■to increase the price of something suddenly and by a large amount （突然大幅地）提高（价格）
• Once the tourists arrive, the restaurants jack up their prices. 游客一到，餐馆就大幅涨价。
n. [机] 千斤顶； [电] 插座；男人
 - boy, he, man, guy
vt. 增加；提醒；抬起；用千斤顶顶起某物
 - enhance, boost, mount, hot, gain
adj. 雄的
 - dog

Word: shameful
Front: shameful
[ˈʃeɪmfl] (六 11754/13740 -1)
Back: adj. 可耻的; 丢脸的; 不体面的; 猥亵的
分布：可耻或丢脸的(100%)
→shame,羞耻，-ful,形容词后缀。
可耻的(shame耻辱)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
['ʃeɪm.fəl] disapproving
adjective
■deserving blame, or being a reason for feeling ashamed 可耻的，丢脸的
• I couldn't see anything shameful in what I had done. 我认为我没做甚么丢脸的事。
• The crime figures are shameful. 犯罪数字让人汗颜。
• The family kept their shameful secret for years. 那个家族隐瞒了家丑多年。
shameful, ashamed
这组词都有“羞愧的”的意思，其区别是：
shameful: 指人或人的行为本身不光彩、不道德。
ashamed: 用于人，指因干了错事、坏事或傻事等而感到羞愧。
adj. 可耻的；不体面的；不道德的；猥亵的
 - salt, yellow-dog

Word: utmost
Front: utmost
[ˈʌtməʊst] (研四六雅 11755/9464 -1)
Vocabulary: utmost
(once / 187 pages)
adjn
Utmost means "the greatest extent or amount." When you work as part as you possibly can, you do your utmost to accomplish your goal.
Whenever something is the most, it can be described as the utmost. If a message is of the utmost importance, it's as important as it possibly can be. Any time you want to really want to emphasize that you believe in something more than anything else or truly intend to do something, do your utmost to use the word utmost.
WORD FAMILY
utmost
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iraq’s Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi ordered the security forces to investigate the kidnapping and to “exert the utmost effort” to save her.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It was of the utmost importance to begin construction of the dam as quickly as possible,” the official said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
His career culminated with an honor of utmost significance for the Bakken staple.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 极度的，最大的，最远的
n. 极限，最大限度
分布：极限(38%)，最大限度的(23%)，极度的(21%)，最大可能(18%)
→ut-, 外面，词源同out，-most, 双重最高级后缀，词源同foremost, former.
a.最远的;极度的n.极限,极度,最大可能Most hosts are hostile to the foremost ghost hostage almost to the utmost.大多数主人对最前面的幽灵人质的敌对态度几乎到了极顶.
US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
adjective [before noun]
■used to emphasize how important or serious something is 最大的；极度的
• a matter of the utmost importance 一件至关重要的事
• The situation needs to be handled with the utmost care. 这种局势需要极其小心地处理。
UK ['ʌt.məʊst] US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
noun only singular (also uttermost)
■the greatest amount or extent possible 最大量；最高程度
• The new model of the car offers the utmost in power and performance. 这款新车动力最大，性能最佳。
UK ['ʌt.məʊst] US [-moʊst] (formal uttermost UK ['ʌt.əˌməʊst] US ['ʌ.tˌɚmoʊst/)
noun only singular (also uttermost)
do/try your utmost
■to do something as well as you can by making a great effort 尽最大努力；竭尽全力
• She did her utmost to finish on time. 她尽了最大努力按时完成。
extreme, furthest, outermost, utmost, farthest
这组词都有“最远的”的意思，其区别是：
extreme: 普通用词，指最远的意思时，与farthest和outermost含义相当。
furthest: 与farthest相比，除指数量或程度上的最多或最大。
outermost: 指离中心最远的或指一个平面或物体最外边的部分。
utmost: 较正式用词，指最远部分或最远地区。
farthest: 是far的最高级形式，指最大的距离。
n. 极限；最大可能
 - limitation, threshold, terminal
adj. 极度的；最远的
 - excessive, extreme

Word: fiance
Front: fiance
[fiˈɒnseɪ] (11746/24652)
Vocabulary: fiance
(once / 11879 pages)
n
The minute you get down on one knee and ask a man to marry you — assuming he says "yes" — he becomes your fiancé, or the man you are engaged to marry.
Fiancé comes from French; in fact, it is so French that it even has masculine and feminine versions (like many nouns in French). If you're talking about a woman, you would call her a fiancée rather than a fiancé, which is used only to refer to men. The Latin root of fiancé, which is spelled the same way, means "a promise," so you can think of becoming someone's fiance as a promise you're making to go through with the marriage.
WORD FAMILY
fiance: fiances
USAGE EXAMPLES
At her fiancé’s suggestion, Ms. Stepien wrote Mr. Thomas, whom the family calls Tom, asking him to walk her down the aisle.
New York Times(Aug 08, 2016)
Police say the victim’s fiance told officers she and another woman witnessed the shooting.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
My fiancé and I are both vegetarians for moral and environmental reasons.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <法>未婚夫
分布：未婚夫(100%)
→来自法语，词源同faith, 相信，信任。引申词义未婚夫。
n. 未婚夫
 - young man

Word: fundamentalism
Front: fundamentalism
[ˌfʌndəˈmentəlɪzəm] (11769/22651 -2)
Vocabulary: fundamentalism
(once / 3906 pages)
n
Fundamentalism is a strict interpretation of the scripture, like Protestant Christians who believe that all the miracles in the Bible really happened. Islamic fundamentalism is the same, except people believe everything in the Koran actually happened.
The word fundamentalism was originally associated with a Protestant movement of the early 1920s, which protested the treatment of the supernatural miracles and events of the Bible as anything but literally true. Fundamentalism was created in direct opposition to modernism, a movement that sought to reinterpret the events of the Bible based on modern times. Nowadays, fundamentalism usually refers to religion, but it can also be a strict and literal belief in anything.
WORD FAMILY
fundamentalism: fundamentalisms, fundamentalist, fundamentalistic+/ fundamental: fundamentalism, fundamentally, fundamentals/ fundamentalist: fundamentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nationalism, nativism, fundamentalism and identity — these were concepts that belonged in the 20th century.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In this utopia, any irrational obstacles to the spread of liberal modernity – such as Islamic fundamentalism – would be eventually eradicated.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
In 1991, John Taylor wrote: “The new fundamentalism has concocted a rationale for dismissing all dissent.”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <宗>原教旨主义; fundamental的派生
分布：基要主义(86%)，基要主义运动(14%)
→来自fundamental, 基础的，根本的。-ism, 主义，思想。用来指宗教上的原教旨主义者。
US [-tˌəl-] noun uncountable
■the belief in old and traditional forms of religion, or the belief that what is written in a holy book, such as the Christian Bible, is completely true 原教旨主义；（基督教的）基要主义
• Recent years have witnessed a growth in religious fundamentalism. 近年来，宗教的原教旨主义有所发展。

Word: grandeur
Front: grandeur
[ˈgrændʒə(r)] (托宝 11749/10049 -1)
Vocabulary: grandeur
(once / 502 pages)
n
Use the noun grandeur to describe something that is splendid or magnificent, such as a lofty idea or an impressive building: “The gilded domes and ornate detail added to the grandeur of the church on Red Square.”
Derived from the Old French word grand (meaning “great”), the word grandeur is used to describe things that are distinguished, extraordinary, and impressive in scope. Consider the French origins of grandeur as a clue and note that this is a fancy word, best saved for describing things that are truly magnificent on a large scale. The simple beauty of a shadow’s pattern on a sidewalk probably doesn’t have grandeur, but a sunset over the Rocky Mountains probably does.
WORD FAMILY
grandeur: grandeurs
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw his fellow-citizens as being naturally bathetic—striving for spiritual grandeur while ultimately mired in everyday, material concerns.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
There were two further novels, Surrender the Pink and Delusions of Grandeur.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Trico’s actions echo the grandeur of the exquisitely decayed landscape.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 伟大; 宏伟，壮观; 富丽堂皇
分布：宏伟(34%)，伟大(26%)，壮观(20%)，庄严(20%)
→来自grand, 壮丽的，堂皇的。
【记】grand（adj 盛大的；豪华的；重大的）
【反】frivolous（adj 轻佻的）
US [-dʒɚ] noun uncountable
■the quality of being very large and special or beautiful 宏伟；壮丽；堂皇
• the silent grandeur of the desert 沉寂而壮丽的沙漠
• the grandeur of Wagner's music 华格纳音乐的雄浑风格
n. 壮丽；庄严；宏伟
 - gravity, magnificence

Word: peacekeeping
Front: peacekeeping
[ˈpi:ski:pɪŋ] (11773/28947 -2)
Back: adj. 维护和平的，执行（或监督）停火协定的
分布：维护和平的(62%)，维护和平(27%)，=peace-keeping.(11%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of preventing war and violence, especially the use of armed forces not involved in a disagreement to prevent fighting in an area 维护和平
• a peacekeeping force/mission 维和部队／任务

Word: plaster
Front: plaster
[ˈplɑ:stə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 8240/6048 -1)
Vocabulary: plaster
(once / 589 pages)
1nv 2nv
Plaster is a building material that's applied as a wet paste and dries very hard and smooth. The walls inside your house might be made of plaster.
New houses typically have interior walls made of drywall, rather than plaster, but older homes usually have many plaster surfaces. Plaster starts as a mixture of lime, gypsum, sand, or cement that's mixed with water. This soft substance is applied to surfaces where it hardens — either for walls, works of art, or as casts used to hold broken bones steady. In Britain, a plaster is also a sticky bandage, while an American would call this a Band-Aid.
WORD FAMILY
plaster: plastered, plasterer, plastering, plasters+/plasterer: plasterers/plastering: plasterings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Its central whodunit involves half a dozen plaster busts of former Prime Minister Margaret “Iron Lady” Thatcher.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Ancient bricks, mortar and plaster aren’t the only targets here, however.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 灰泥，涂墙泥; 石膏; 膏药
vt. 涂以灰泥; 在…上敷贴膏药; 减轻; 黏贴
时态：plastered, plastering, plasters
分布：石膏(65%)，灰泥(22%)，膏药(10%)，涂以灰泥(1%)，敷以膏药(1%)，使 ... 平(1%)
→来自拉丁语plastrum,灰泥，石膏，来自希腊语plastos,形成的，铺平的，来自plassein,形成，铺开，来自pele,展开，放平，词源同plan,plain.
膏药[plas=mold(模式)]
n.灰泥;熟石膏;膏药I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
SUBSTANCE 物质
uncountable
■a substance which becomes hard as it dries and is used especially for spreading on walls and ceilings in order to give a smooth surface 灰泥，灰浆
• The plaster on the walls was cracked and flaking. 墙上的灰泥出现了裂缝，正在剥落。
⇒ See also plasterboard
in plaster UK (US in a cast)
■If a part of your body is in plaster, it has a plaster cast (= protective covering) around it to protect it while the bone heals 打着石膏
• My leg was in plaster for about six weeks. 我的腿打了六周左右的石膏。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] noun
STICKY MATERIAL 黏性物质
countable or uncountable UK (UK also sticking plaster) (US trademark Band-Aid)
■a small piece of sticky material used to cover and protect a cut in the skin 膏药，创可贴
• a box of waterproof plasters 一盒防水创可贴
• Put a plaster on it so that it doesn't get infected. 在上面贴上创可贴，这样就不会感染了。
UK ['plɑ:.stər] US ['plæs.tɚ] verb
transitive
■to spread plaster on a surface （用灰泥）抹，粉刷
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to make something stick in a flat smooth layer 使紧贴，使黏贴
• The torrential rain had plastered her hair to her head. 暴雨使她的头发紧贴在头上。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to cover a surface or an object with something completely or thickly 大量张贴，贴满
• She had plastered her bedroom walls with photos of pop stars. 她的卧室墙上贴满了流行歌手的照片。
• The car was plastered with mud. 汽车沾满泥泞。
• The story was plastered all over (= printed so that it completely covered) the front page of the newspaper. 这则报道完全占据了报纸的头版。
n. 石膏；灰泥；膏药
 - plaister, gypse
vt. 减轻；粘贴；涂以灰泥；敷以膏药；使平服
 - stick, moderate

Word: unmarked
Front: unmarked
[ʌnˈmɑ:kt] (11741/11819 -1)
Back: adj. 没有标志的，未被注意到的
分布：未被注意的(60%)，无记号的(40%)
US [-'mɑ:rkt] adjective
■having no signs or marks showing what something is 无标志的，无记号的
• an unmarked police car 一辆无标志的警车
• She died penniless and was buried in an unmarked grave. 她死的时候身无分文，被埋在一处无名坟墓里。
adj. 无记号的；未被注意的
 - unnoticed, unobserved

Word: beaver
Front: beaver
[ˈbi:və(r)] (托 11726/20433 -1)
Vocabulary: beaver
(once / 1751 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A beaver is a water- and land-dwelling animal with a very broad tail, short fur, and prominent front teeth. Beavers are famous for their ability to build dams across rivers and streams.
Beavers are actually rodents, so they are related to mice and rats, though they're much larger. Their long teeth make it possible for them to chew through even broad tree trunks, felling them across bodies of water to create dams. This provides the beavers with a safe home or lodge, protected by the ponds they've created and usually accessible only underwater. The word beaver has a Proto-Indo-European root that means "brown" or "bright."
WORD FAMILY
beaver: beavered, beavering, beavers
USAGE EXAMPLES
In St. Mary’s County, at least one badly behaved beaver is ready for holiday shopping.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
They later updated that the festive beaver was “safely rescued by animal control and was released to a wildlife rehabilitator.”
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
She even heard how workers dismantled beaver dams to increase water flow in west Georgia’s Tallapoosa River.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 河狸; 河狸毛皮; [印]海狸绒布; 工作勤恳的人
时态：beavered, beavering, beavers
分布：海狸(92%)，卖力地工作(4%)，护面甲(4%)
→来自PIE *bhebhrus, 词根重复构词，来自词根bher, 棕色的，见bear, 熊。
【记】海狸特别勤奋，所以eager beaver指做事特别卖力气的人（特别指做事过于卖力气以讨好上司的人）
US [-vɚ] noun countable (plural beavers or beaver)
■an animal with smooth fur, sharp teeth and a large flat tail, which lives in a dam (= a wall of sticks and earth) that it builds across a river 海狸，河狸
■informal
■a person who works very hard 工作勤恳的人
• a busy beaver 工作忙碌的人
⇒ See also eager beaver
UK ['bi:.vər] US [-vɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  beaver away informal
■to work hard for a long time 长时间努力工作
• She has been beavering away at that essay for hours. 她忙那篇论文已经忙了好几个小时了。
n. [脊椎] 海狸；海狸皮毛
 - castor

Word: groundwork
Front: groundwork
[ˈgraʊndwɜ:k] (11757/18422)
Back: n. 基础; 基本原理
分布：基础(90%)，根基(10%)
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■work that is done as a preparation for work that will be done later 基础工作；准备工作
• The committee will meet today to lay the groundwork for inter-party talks next month. 委员会将在今天举行会议，为下个月的各党间会谈做准备。
n. 基础；地基，根基
 - elements, basis, bed, radical, sole

Word: silky
Front: silky
[ˈsɪlki] (11723/12609 -1)
Vocabulary: silky
(once / 2292 pages)
adj
Silky is an adjective describing something smooth, soft, and glossy — like your friend's silky hair or the silky fabric of a formal gown.
Silky is a textural description, and it can be used to describe food, fabric, or hair. The word can also be used to describe vocal textures, as well. Someone might say about Frank Sinatra, "His silky smooth voice and his innovative lyrics will be around for quite some time."
WORD FAMILY
silky: silkier, silkiest, silkily, silkiness+/ silk: silken, silklike, silks, silky /silken: silkenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The wine perks up this silky and delicate soup.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
A lot of seemingly reasonable people are talking in silky tones about the importance of “unity” and “compromise” and “empathy” right now.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
They were a declaration of surrender — or, at their silky best, an affectation.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 丝一样的，像绸缎的; 柔软的，光滑的; 优雅的; （酒）舐着舒服的
级别：silkier, silkiest
分布：温和的(65%)，丝制的(21%)，像丝一样柔滑的(14%)
→silk,丝，-y,形容词后缀。
['sɪl.ki] usually approving
adjective
■soft and smooth, like silk 丝绸一样的，柔软光滑的
• Persian cats have long, silky fur. 波斯猫有一身柔软光滑的长毛。
• figurative The villain leans over and speaks to her in a silky persuasive voice. 那个恶棍靠过来用一种软绵绵、甜言劝诱的声调和她交谈。
adj. 丝的；柔滑的；温和的；丝绸一样的
 - pacific, soft, moderate, gentle, mild

Word: convict
Front: convict
[kənˈvɪkt] (研六托雅宝 3678/4837 -3)
Vocabulary: convict
(once / 97 pages)
vn
A convict is a person who has been found guilty — convicted — of a crime and is serving a sentence in prison.
When you convict (accent on the second syllable) someone of a crime, you find them guilty. The person is then a convict (accent on the first syllable). When the person is released from jail, he's an ex-con, that is, he's not a convict any more.
WORD FAMILY
convict: convicted, convicting, conviction, convicts, reconvict+/ conviction: convictions/reconvict: reconvicted
USAGE EXAMPLES
Someone convicted of killing a turtle faces a maximum fine of about $240 and up to three months in jail.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Olmert is now serving a prison sentence after being convicted of accepting bribes.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Two Marines, a major and a sergeant, were eventually convicted of lesser charges.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 宣判有罪; 证明…有罪; 使知罪; 定…的罪
n. 罪犯
时态：convicted, convicting, convicts
分布：罪犯(54%)，囚犯(36%)，被定罪的(4%)，使 ... 知罪(3%)，宣判 ... 有罪(3%)
→con-, 强调。-vict, 胜利，词源同evince, victory. 该词主要用于法律用语。
证明有罪(con全部+vict→把对方彻底征服→证明[对方]有罪)[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
v.(经审讯)证明...有罪,宣判...有罪n.囚犯He depicted the conviction that contradicted the verdict.他描绘反驳裁决的定罪.
【参】convince（vt 使确信；使信服）；victory（n 胜利）；invincible（adj 不可征服的；无敌的）
US [ˈkɑːn-/
■someone who is in prison because they are guilty of a crime 已决犯，囚犯
• an escaped convict 逃犯
convict, judge, sentence, doom, condemn
这组词都有“判决、宣判”的意思，其区别是：
convict: 法律用词，指审判后判定有罪，但未作最后判决。
judge: 指对案件作出审理判决，但判决内容较笼统，不如sentence和condemn使用广泛。
sentence: 法律用词，指根据罪犯所犯罪行的轻重而宣判处罚。
doom: 书面用词，指郑重他宣判某人有罪。
condemn: 普通用词，指法院对审理结束的案件做出的定罪判刑。
convict, captive, prisoner
这组词都有“囚犯、俘虏”的意思，其区别是：
convict: 指经判决而在狱中服刑的人。
captive: 指战争中抓到的俘虏，也可作引申用。
prisoner: 指关入监狱的囚犯，包括战俘，也可作引申用。
n. 罪犯
 - criminal offender, culprit

Word: aptly
Front: aptly
['æptlɪ] (托 11756/14015)
Vocabulary: aptly
(once / 3086 pages)
adv
The word aptly describes an action that's done appropriately or fittingly. An audience's standing ovation might aptly capture its enthusiasm for a rock band's energetic performance.
First used in the mid-14th century, the adverb aptly, by way of the adjective apt, "appropriate or suitable," comes from the Latin word aptus, meaning "fit or suited." A dog called Snoozy who lies around on the couch all day is aptly named, and a newspaper obituary that perfectly sums up your grandfather's life aptly captures who he really was. In both examples, something is utterly suited or appropriate.
WORD FAMILY
apt: apter, aptest, aptly, aptness, inapt+/aptness: aptnesses/inapt: inaptly, inaptness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One aptly titled episode was told almost entirely from Clark’s perspective, offering an illuminating — and necessary — portrait.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
As Marty Baron, The Post’s executive editor, aptly noted in a commencement speech last week, predictions are not journalists’ strong suit.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Call this a well-deserved celebration, which is why there is no more aptly named postseason game than the Celebration Bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 适当地，适切地，巧妙地
分布：适宜地(44%)，适当地(42%)，巧妙地(14%)
适当地(apt+ly)[opt,ept=fit,ability,表示"适应,能力"]
ADJ-GRADED
（话语、描述或选择）合适的，恰当的，贴切的
An apt remark, description, or choice is especially suitable.
例：The words of this report are as apt today as in 1929.这份报告的措词用在今天和用在1929年一样贴切。
例：...an apt description of the situation.对这种情况恰如其分的描述
ADJ-GRADED
易于…的；有…倾向的
If someone is apt to do something, they often do it and so it is likely that they will do it again.
例：She was apt to raise her voice and wave her hands about...她动不动就拔高嗓门，并挥舞双手。
例：This type of weather is apt to be more common in winter.这种天气在冬季往往更为常见。
adv. 适宜地；适当地
 - properly, well, adequately, appropriately, befittingly

Word: precipitation
Front: precipitation
[prɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃn] (托宝 11784/17263)
Vocabulary: precipitation
(once / 2902 pages)
1n 2n
Precipitation is rain, snow, sleet, or hail — any kind of weather condition where something's falling from the sky.
Precipitation has to do with things falling down, and not just from the sky. It's also what happens in chemical reactions when a solid settles to the bottom of a solution. If you have hard water where you live, you might find lime deposits — a flaky white crust — on your faucets and showerhead. That's caused by precipitation of the minerals in the water. The minerals settle out — they precipitate — and clog the pipes.
WORD FAMILY
precipitation: precipitations+/ precipitate: precipitated, precipitately, precipitateness, precipitates, precipitating, precipitation, precipitator/precipitator: precipitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
We got enough precipitation to fill our reservoirs for the summer.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Precipitation during that period totaled just 38.79 inches — roughly half of the normal amount.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Pattee says the cooler temperatures and above normal precipitation is expected to continue for the next three months.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 匆促; 沉淀; （雨等）降落; 某地区降雨等的量
分布：沉淀(79%)，降雨量(11%)，冰雹(3%)，仓促(2%)，坠落(2%)，凝结(2%)，急躁(1%)
→来自precipitate,降水，降雪，沉积。
降落,仓促(pre+cipit头→ation→落在前头→降落,下降)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
US [pri:-] noun uncountable
RAIN 雨 specialized
■water which falls from the clouds towards the ground, especially as rain or snow （尤指雨或雪的）降落；降水
• Hail and sleet are types of precipitation. 冰雹和冻雨都是降水形式。
• The forecast is for dry, cloudy weather with no precipitation expected. 天气预报是干燥多云，没有降水。
UK [prɪˌsɪp.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] US [pri:-] noun uncountable
QUICK ACTION 行动 formal
■a way of behaving too quickly and without thinking 急躁，冲动
• The prime minister has been accused of acting with precipitation (= too quickly) over the crisis. 总理被指责在处理危机问题上贸然行动。
UK [prɪˌsɪp.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] US [pri:-] noun uncountable
CHEMISTRY 化学 specialized
■when a solid substance is produced from a liquid during a chemical process 沉淀物，析出物质
• The compound is finally obtained by precipitation. 化合物最终是透过沉淀反应获得的。
n. [化学] 沉淀，沉淀物；冰雹；坠落；鲁莽
 - deposit, sludge, sediment, subsidence

Word: candlelight
Front: candlelight
[ˈkændllaɪt] (11750/16305)
Back: n. 烛光; 暗淡的人造光; 掌灯时分; 薄暮
分布：烛火(100%)
noun uncountable
■the light that a candle produces when it is burning 烛光
n. 烛光；黄昏
 - dark, candle power

Word: mast
Front: mast
[mɑ:st] (六宝 11745/8028 -1)
Vocabulary: mast
(once / 425 pages)
1n 2n
A mast is a pole that rises vertically from a ship and supports the sails. Really big sailboats have more than one mast. A mast is also another name for flagpole.
The mast has an important job — to support the sails, which allows the wind to propel the ship. Other types of masts are used to support flags and called flagpoles. If you've ever seen a flag at half-mast, it's been lowered down the flagpole to show respect for someone who died. Mast is an old word meaning “pole or rod.”
WORD FAMILY
mast: foremast, masts+/foremast: foremasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
A replica ship — its three masts missing sails — sat atop electric candles on a wooden altar.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
A ship replica — its three masts missing sails — sat atop battery-powered candles on the wooden, altar-like installation.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
By the 1970s, the Elvstrom name was stamped on sails, masts and boats around the world.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 桅杆; 栓柱; 橡树果实
vt. 在…上装桅杆
分布：船桅(44%)，旗杆(33%)，天线杆(23%)
→来自古英语maest,来自Proto-Germanic*mastaz,来自mazdo,竿，杆，词源同masturbate.引申词义船桅，桅杆。
US [mæst] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a tall pole on a boat or ship that supports its sails 船桅，桅杆
UK [mɑ:st] US [mæst] noun countable
RADIO/TELEVISION 收音机／电视机
■a tall metal pole used to support an aerial for radio or television signals 天线杆
• a television/radio mast 电视／广播天线杆
UK [mɑ:st] US [mæst] noun countable
FLAG 旗帜
■a pole that holds a flag 旗杆

Word: cyberspace
Front: cyberspace
[ˈsaɪbəspeɪs] (研 11760/-)
Vocabulary: cyberspace
(once / 10965 pages)
n
Cyberspace is where online communication happens. If you've spent time chatting with friends on the Internet, you've been in cyberspace.
The official definition of cyberspace is fairly technical: "the notional environment in which communication over computer networks occurs." Since it was coined in 1982 by science fiction writer William Gibson, it's become more popular to use cyberspace to mean "online" or "on the Internet," especially when social interactions happen there. Cyberspace is the almost metaphorical place where two people, separately typing on their keyboards, meet and communicate.
WORD FAMILY
cyberspace
USAGE EXAMPLES
As long as cyberspace was a sideshow, governments did not much care.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Pretending cyberspace is a different universe, populated by people who matter less, is a misnomer and a flagrant abandonment of our individual responsibility.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Cyberspace, wrote Gen. Gerasimov, “opens wide asymmetrical possibilities for reducing the fighting potential of the enemy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （电子计算机创造的）通讯、信息空间
分布：网络空间(100%)
n.虚拟信息空间;网络空间
US [-bɚ-] informal
noun uncountable
■the Internet considered as an imaginary area without limits where you can meet people and discover information about any subject 网路空间
• You can find the answer to almost any question in cyberspace. 在网路世界差不多任何问题都可以找到答案。

Word: mesmerize
Front: mesmerize
[ˈmezməraɪz] (托宝 11762/24267 -1)
Vocabulary: mesmerize
(once / 9099 pages)
1v 2v
You meet someone and you can’t take your eyes off them, like you are connected by an invisible cord and can’t break free. Those kinds of people have the power to mesmerize, holding your attention like you’re under hypnosis.
The word mesmerize comes from the last name of 18th century German physician Franz Mesmer, who believed that all people and objects are pulled together by a strong magnetic force, later called mesmerism. If you ever start to feel mesmerized, maybe it’s because you find someone fascinating, or maybe you’ve been hypnotized by a magician. Hard to tell from here.
WORD FAMILY
mesmerize: mesmerized, mesmerizes, mesmerizing+/mesmerizing: mesmerizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, New Yorkers were mesmerized by the artwork adorning the walls.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He mesmerized on the court, his game showing no signs of decay in his 14th season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Her daughter was really mesmerized by her mother always,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 施催眠术; 迷住，迷惑; 感化
时态：mesmerized, mesmerizing, mesmerizes
分布：迷住(50%)，迷惑(30%)，施以催眠术(20%)
→来自19世纪奥地利医生Franz Anton Mesmer,因他发明了一种催眠术而得名。字面意思即使催眠的，引申词义迷住，着迷。
【记】me，s死，me，rize＝rise升起：把我弄死又把我升起来了－催眠
【源】源于：梅斯梅尔（Mesmer），他认为可以通过让病人把脚放在有磁性的水中，同时手执与磁力场相连接的电线。此后，梅斯梅尔又认为他自己体内就存在着磁力，并且他在巴黎推行他的治疗方法的过程中，他又使他的病人们作出了睡眠、舞蹈直至抽搐等各种反应。这些反应实际上是他所拥有的催眠力导致的，但他自己却不知道自己拥有这样的力量。
(UK usually mesmerise) ['mez.mə.raɪz] verb
transitive often passive
■to have someone's attention completely so that they cannot think of anything else 迷住；迷惑
• I was completely mesmerized by the performance. 我完全被表演迷住了。
transitive old-fashioned for * hypnotize
vt. 施催眠术；迷住；以魅力迫使
 - possess, spell

Word: giftedness
Front: giftedness
[ɡɪf'tɪdnəs] (11827/-)
Back: 假资优，天才，资赋优异
n. 资赋优异，天才
 - genius, talent for

Word: obscenity
Front: obscenity
[əbˈsenəti] (11789/12535 -1)
Vocabulary: obscenity
(once / 4676 pages)
n
An obscenity is a dirty word or phrase. It can also refer to the quality of being lewd, bawdy, or just plain offensive.
You know those four-letter words that everyone knows but not everyone likes to hear? The ones that will get you in trouble if you say them in school or on television? They are obscenities, which are also known as swear words. You can also say that anything offensive or inappropriate is an obscenity. This can include things that are not only dirty, but things that are offensive in other ways. Many say torture and war are obscenities.
WORD FAMILY
obscenity: obscenities+/ obscene: obscenely, obscener, obscenest, obscenity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s got some extreme far-right views on everything from fiscal spending to obscenity,” she added.
Salon(Nov 24, 2016)
Its dialogue is a gushing sewer of obscenity.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Its producers and cast were jailed on obscenity charges.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 淫秽; 猥亵; 下流; 淫秽的词语或行为
分布：猥亵下流(100%)
→来自obscene,淫秽的，下流的。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
countable or uncountable
■when someone or something is obscene 淫秽；猥亵；下流
• The people who made that film could be prosecuted for obscenity. 拍摄那部电影的人会因其中的淫秽镜头而被起诉。
• Such deliberate destruction of the environment is an obscenity (= an offensive and shocking situation or event). 这种蓄意破坏环境的行为令人发指。
• obscenity laws 反淫秽法
countable usually plural
■a very offensive or sexually shocking word or sentence 下流话；淫秽的言辞
• He was shouting and screaming obscenities. 他叫骂着不堪入耳的下流话。
n. 猥亵，淫秽；猥亵的言语（或行为）
 - smuttiness, indecency

Word: situational
Front: situational
[sɪtjʊ'eɪʃənəl] (11803/23134)
Back: [医]处境的
分布：环境形成的(100%)

Word: bruise
Front: bruise
[bru:z] (研四六托雅宝 7621/8010 -2)
Vocabulary: bruise
(once / 467 pages)
1nv 2v
If you're just learning to skateboard, you’ve probably got an ugly bruise or two to show for it — those purple and yellow patches you get on your skin where you’ve bumped and scraped. They probably hurt, too!
You can find bruises at the grocery store, too — those soft, mushy spots on a peach or an apple — and if you drop a tomato, you're likely to bruise it. You can bruise your knee or bruise someone's feelings — if you tell your friend you don't like her novel, you’ll bruise her ego.
WORD FAMILY
bruise: bruised, bruiser, bruises, bruising+/bruiser: bruisers/bruising: bruisingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ended it smothered in bruises, boos and the most basic of questions.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Appeals Court Judge Merrick Garland, Democrats are promising a bruising confirmation fight.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Heffner is now back in her home, and though her foot is still healing, her face is no longer marred by bruising.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 使挫伤
vi. 碰伤; 擦伤
n. 瘀伤，青肿; 擦伤，伤痕; （感情受到的）伤害
时态：bruised, bruising, bruises
分布：擦伤(40%)，挫伤(32%)，碰伤(18%)，瘀青(8%)，使挫伤(2%)
→词源同break, 击，打，破碎。
n.青肿,挫伤;伤痕vt.打青;挫伤She bruised her arm.她的手臂擦伤了.
【记】读：不如死。擦伤是小，感情受伤是大，还不如去死呢。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an injury or mark where the skin has not been broken but is darker in colour, often as a result of being hit by something 碰伤，瘀伤
• His arms and back were covered in bruises. 他手臂和背部到处是瘀伤。
• She had a few cuts and bruises but nothing serious. 她有几处伤口和瘀痕，但不严重。
• One or two of the peaches had bruises on them. 有一两个桃子上有碰伤的痕迹。
[bru:z] verb intransitive or transitive
■to develop a bruise or to cause someone or something to have a bruise （使）出现伤痕；撞伤；碰伤
• How did you bruise your arm? 你胳膊上的瘀伤是怎么弄的？
• Bananas and other soft fruits bruise easily. 香蕉和其他较软的水果都极易碰伤。
[bru:z] verb intransitive or transitive
bruise your ego
■If an experience bruises your ego, it upsets you because it makes you feel less valuable or important 伤了…的自尊
• I don't think it broke Steve's heart when Cherise left him, but it certainly bruised his ego. 我想雪妮丝离开了史蒂夫并没有让他心碎，但却的确挫伤了他的自尊心。
bruise, scar, cut, wound
这组词都有“伤口，损伤”的意思，其区别是：
bruise: 指表皮下面的组织受损，但没有破裂。但由于血流进组织，因而出现紫块。普通用词。
scar: 主要指伤口愈合而留下的伤疤。
cut: 指因尖利的器械的刺或割而造成的或深或浅的伤口。
wound: 通常指尖锐锋利的工具所致的伤口，多深及到表皮组织以下。可用作引申指打击或伤害。
scratch, bruise, bump/lump, cut, burn
scratch: 抓伤；
bruise: 擦伤
bump/lump: 碰伤肿块；
cut: 割伤；
burn: 灼伤；
n. 擦伤；挫伤； [外科] 青肿
 - abrasion, brush-burn
vi. 擦伤；受伤
 - wound, brush burn

Word: preschooler
Front: preschooler
[ˌpri:'sku:lə] (11083/-)
Back: n. 学龄前儿童
US [-lɚ] US
noun countable
■a child who is under five years old and therefore does not go to formal school 学龄前儿童

Word: hard-line
Front: hard-line
[ˌhɑ:dˈlaɪnə(r)] (-2)
Back: adj. 主张采取强硬路线的，毫不妥协的，采强硬态度的
分布：强硬路线的(60%)，强硬派的(40%)
US [ˌhɑ:rd-] adjective
■extreme and severe and not likely to change 强硬的，不妥协的
• a hard-line manifesto 立场坚定的宣言
• a hard-line politician 不妥协的政治家
n. 强硬派；主张强硬路线者
 - superhawk

Word: peek
Front: peek
[pi:k] (宝 7431/22596 -1)
Vocabulary: peek
(once / 3029 pages)
vn
When you peek, you take a quick glance at something. It's incredibly tempting when you're little to peek at your birthday presents, but you soon learn how disappointing it is to spoil the surprise.
A sneaky look at something is a peek. You might peek at someone if you're shy or you don't want them to catch you looking. You can also describe a glance at a part of something as "a peek" — like when you take a peek at a napping child. Peek comes from piken, a 14th century word meaning "look quickly and slyly." Until the 15th century, the word peek was used interchangeably with keek and peep.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peak / peek / pique
Let's look at three homophones: peak, peek, and pique. Peak is a topmost point, such as a mountain peak, or to reach that point:
We're sort of at peak demand right now.
A peek is a glance or a quick look, like you do with the unwrapped Christmas presents at the bottom of your loved one's closet. It can also mean to glance or to peer at. It's frequently paired with sneak, which can lead you to use the incorrect peak:
Residents take a peek at bike and pedestrian safety plans
Yellowstone Offers Sneak Peek Of New Visitor Center
Finally, pique is to upset or excite someone. You will sometimes see peek one's interest for pique one's interest, but don't be fooled. If you're piquing someone's interest, you are exciting their interest not taking a quick look at it:
If that doesn't pique your interest, you can leave (but I'm keeping your shoes).
Here's your mnemonic device:
- You have to reach to gain the peak.
- If you peer at something, you are peeking.
- And if you're piqued about something, there's usually a question in your mind about it.
WORD FAMILY
peek: peeked, peeking, peeks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joining the JV program was her first chance to peek through the window into that world for real, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He was about to throw it into a dumpster but peeked inside first.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Old friends from the local polka dances would stop by in his final years and peek at his daughter’s collection.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 偷看，窥视; 眯着眼睛看
n. 偷看，窥视; 一瞥，看一眼
时态：peeked, peeking, peeks
分布：偷看(65%)，窥视(29%)，窥见(6%)
→来自中古英语piken,斜看，偷看。
【记】有ee的都与眼睛有关，像形字
【参】heed（n /v 注意；留意）；leer（v 抛媚眼）
verb intransitive
■to look, especially for a short time or while trying to avoid being seen 窥视，偷看
• Close your eyes. Don't peek. I've got a surprise for you. 闭上眼睛，别偷看，我要给你一个惊喜。
• I peeked out the window to see who was there. 我偷偷向窗外望去，想看看谁在那里。
• The children peeked over the wall to see where the ball had gone. 孩子爬上墙头看球被踢到哪里去了。
• The film peeks behind the scenes of a multinational corporation. 该影片揭示了一家跨国公司的内幕。
peek out/through, etc.
■to stick out slightly and be partly seen 微露出；探出
• I could just see her petticoat peeking out from under her skirt. 我刚好能看到从她的裙子下面露出的衬裙。
[pi:k] noun informal
have/take a peek
■to look at something for a short time 匆匆一瞥
• If I'm passing by I might take a peek at the new premises. 如果我路过那个新场地的话，可能会看上一眼。
n. 偷看；一瞥，看一眼
 - glance, dekko
vi. 窥视，偷看
 - peer, look into

Word: protracted
Front: protracted
[prəˈtræktɪd] (11768/11329 -1)
Vocabulary: protracted
(once / 1357 pages)
adj
Something protracted has been drawn out, usually in a tedious way. Protracted things are long and seem like they're never going to end.
Anything protracted is lasting longer than you would like. A speech that seems to go on forever is protracted. If an employer and a union can't reach an agreement, there could be a protracted strike. Before a movie, the previews are almost always protracted — they never seem to stop. If something is long and annoying, and there's no good reason it couldn't be shorter, it's protracted.
WORD FAMILY
protracted: protractedly+/ protract: protracted, protracting, protraction, protracts/protraction: protractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
We hope they finally see that treating budget victims with Scrooge-like indifference during protracted political standoffs does the public an incredible injustice.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
These years represented the height of Michael’s commercial success, which at times was marred by a protracted legal dispute with his record company Sony.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Sometimes these licensing deals are negotiated amicably, and sometimes they’re settled in a protracted legal battle.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 拖延的; 延长的
v. 拖延“protract”的过去式和过去分词
分布：拖延的(100%)
【反】summary（adj 概要的）；transient（adj 短暂的）
adjective
■lasting for a long time or made to last longer 持久的；延长的；拖延的
• protracted negotiations 持久的谈判
• a protracted argument/discussion 旷日费时的争论／讨论
adj. 拖延的
 - prolonged, lingering
v. 拖延；绘制；伸展（protract的过去分词）
 - stretched

Word: tack
Front: tack
[tæk] (六宝 10013/9765 -2)
Back: n. [航]食物; 劣质材料，赝品; 方针，方法; 航向
vt. 用平头钉钉; 附加，增补
vi. 帆船抢风行驶; 用粗线脚缝
时态：tacked, tacking, tacks
分布：大头钉(43%)，附加(35%)，行动方针(11%)，以大头针钉住(11%)
→来自古法语方言 taque,钉子，插销，桩子，来自 Proto-Germanic*tag,固定，可能来自 触 摸，控制，安排，词源同 tangent,tact.引申诸相关词义。
钉住;缝合[tach=nail表示"钉子"]
【记】源于：tackle（n 工具；索具；v 固定），tack是一种tackle，可以tackle
noun
NAIL 钉
countable
■a small sharp nail with a flat end 图钉，大头钉
[tæk] noun
SEWING 缝
countable
■a long loose stitch （为定样临时缝上的）粗缝针脚，假缝
[tæk] noun
RIDING EQUIPMENT 马具
uncountable
■all the objects which the rider of a horse needs, including saddles and bridles 鞍辔，马具
[tæk] noun
BOAT'S DIRECTION 船的方向
countable
■the direction or distance which a boat moves at an angle to the direction of the wind, so that the boat receives the wind on its sails 戗风航行；抢风调向
• The ship was on the starboard tack. 那艘船右舷抢风航行。
[tæk] verb
FASTEN 捆扎
transitive
■to fasten something to a place with tacks 用图钉钉
[tæk] verb
SEW 缝
intransitive or transitive (US also baste)
■to sew with a long loose stitch which holds two pieces of material together until they are stitched more effectively （为定样而）用粗缝针脚缝
[tæk] verb
BOAT 船只
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(of a boat) to turn so that it is at an angle to the direction of the wind and receives the wind on its sails 抢风行驶（一艘船转变方向，使船身与风的方向成一角度，以使船帆可接受风力）
[tæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tack sth on informal
■to add something that you had not planned to add, often without much preparation or thought （临时）增补，附加
• At the last minute, they tacked on a couple of extra visits to my schedule. 在最后一刻，他们在我的排程上增加了几项额外的参观活动。
n. [五金] 大头钉；粗缝；行动方针；食物
 - food, diet, eating
vt. 附加；以大头针钉住
 - annex, subjoin

Word: dreamer
Front: dreamer
[ˈdri:mə(r)] (11747/15695 -1)
Back: n. 做梦的人，梦想家; 不切实际的人; dream的派生
分布：做梦的人(46%)，空想家(27%)，梦想者(27%)
US [-mɚ] noun countable
■a person who spends a lot of time thinking about or planning enjoyable events that are not likely to happen 幻想家，空想家
n. 梦想家；做梦的人；不切实际的人
 - fantast

Word: interplay
Front: interplay
[ˈɪntəpleɪ] (宝 11797/15329)
Back: n. 相互作用
分布：相互影响(100%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，play,扮演角色，起作用。
US [-tˌɚ-] noun uncountable
■the effect that two or more things have on each other 相互影响，相互作用
• Our personalities result from the complex interplay between our genes and our environment. 我们的个性是基因与环境之间复杂的相互影响的结果。
n. 相互影响，相互作用
 - interaction effect, reciprocity

Word: acculturation
Front: acculturation
[əˌkʌltʃəˈreɪʃn] (11780/-)
Vocabulary: acculturation
(once / 211060 pages)
n
Acculturation is what happens when you live with French people for a while and start going "ooh la la" and eating snails. It means adopting the ways of a culture that isn't yours.
Acculturation is related to the word culture. Duh. Culture comes from a Latin word meaning, basically, farming. Now it refers to basically anything that people create and teach each other — singing, dancing, TV. Obviously people in different parts of the world have different cultures, and when they come together, the result is often acculturation. Picture a French guy drinking Coke and wearing a baseball cap and you get the idea.
WORD FAMILY
acculturation: acculturational+/acculturate: acculturated, acculturation, acculturative/ counterculture: countercultures/ cultural: culturally, multicultural, transcultural / culture: acculturate, counterculture, cultural, cultured, cultures, culturing, subculture / cultured: culturedly, uncultured / multicultural: multiculturalism / subculture: subcultures/ uncultured: unculturedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Acculturation may be the main reason moviegoers find the sharpness off-putting.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
An emotionally negative response to racism, sexism and xenophobia may, like much else in human life, be rooted in pre-conscious bias and in childhood acculturation.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Acculturation is so powerful that it can boost birth rates as well as cut them.
Economist(Apr 28, 2016)
Back: n. 文化适应，同化过程; 文化互渗
分布：文化移入(80%)，文化之传授(20%)
n. 文化适应；文化移入；文化互渗（不同文化在频繁交流中的互相影响）
 - cultural adaptation

Word: clinically
Front: clinically
['klɪnɪklɪ] (11778/12805)
Vocabulary: clinically
(once / 25807 pages)
adv
When a medication has been clinically proven, it's been tested on actual patients. Clinically can also describe a cold and detached manner, a personality better suited to robots than people.
It's a good thing when doctors and scientists do things clinically, because they're not only using studies and statistics to make decisions — they're talking to and observing patients. On the other hand, when a doctor treats you clinically at your yearly appointment, she is efficient but aloof, rather than warm and welcoming. Clinically is from clinical, from the Latin clinicus, "physician who visits patients in their beds," with the Greek root klinike, "at the sickbed."
WORD FAMILY
clinical: clinically, preclinical, subclinical+/ clinic: clinical, clinics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ideally, the President would never be short-tempered, impulsive, or clinically depressed.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Slate speculates that Trump may want to add an inch to his height to avoid being classified as clinically obese.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
There's still substantial genetic overlap between the three groups, so the analysis is not immediately clinically applicable.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 冷静地，客观地
分布：临床地(100%)
ADJ
临床的
Clinical means involving or relating to the direct medical treatment or testing of patients.
例：The first clinical trials were expected to begin next year.第一批临床实验有望明年开始。
例：...a clinical psychologist.临床心理学家
ADJ-GRADED
（思想、行为）非常符合逻辑的，不带感情的
You use clinical to describe thought or behaviour which is very logical and does not involve any emotion.
例：All this questioning is so analytical and clinical — it kills romance.整个询问分析性和逻辑性太强，浪漫的气息荡然无存。

Word: baffle
Front: baffle
[ˈbæfl] (六雅宝 11775/11102 -1)
Vocabulary: baffle
(once / 524 pages)
1v 2nv 3v
To baffle is to confuse. If you are completely puzzled as to what baffle means, you might say that this word baffles you.
Baffle means "confuse," but it can also mean "amaze." A magician might baffle you with an impressive magic trick. Additionally, this verb can mean "to spoil, thwart, or defeat by means of confusion." In a debate, you might baffle the opposition by introducing new information that your opponents are not familiar with. Baffle can also be used like stump. If you are stumped by a question on a test, then you’ve been baffled by that question.
WORD FAMILY
baffle: baffled, bafflement, baffles, baffling +/ baffled: unbaffled/bafflement: bafflements/ baffling: bafflingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But sometimes the Patriots do things that will baffle you until suddenly everything becomes obvious.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not only his awakening that baffles medical science; he is also in fine physical shape despite a dozen years of immobility.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Finding it would solve one of science’s most baffling mysteries and explain why galaxies are not ripped apart by stars flying off into deep space.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受挫折; 使困惑，使迷惑; 用隔音板隔音; 挡住（水流等）
n. 隔板，挡板; 迷惑; 遮护物，阻碍体; [军]迷彩
时态：baffled, baffling, baffles
分布：挡板(61%)，困惑(16%)，阻碍(9%)，隔音板(5%)，反射板(5%)，受挫(2%)，难倒(2%)
→拟声词。
【记】ba爸，ff两个一样的夫人，le乐。如果你爸的旁边突然出现两个一模一样的夫人在冲着他乐。你是不是会很迷惑，会被这种情况难倒。因为你不知道那个才是你妈，那个才是…。
verb transitive
■to cause someone to be completely unable to understand or explain something 使困惑，使迷惑
• She was completely baffled by his strange behaviour. 她完全被他怪异的举动弄迷糊了。
puzzle, confound, bewilder, perplex, confuse, distract, embarrass, baffle
这组词都有“使困惑、迷惑、糊涂、伤脑筋”的意思，其区别是：
puzzle: 侧重使人难于理解、困惑、伤脑筋。
confound: 常指人惊慌失措和狼狈不堪。
bewilder: 语气强烈，指因迷不解或惊愕而慌乱，不知所措，无法清醒地思考。
perplex: 除困惑外，还含焦虑或缺乏把握之意，因而难于作出决定，无从下手处理。
confuse: 语气较弱，指由于混淆、混乱而糊涂。
distract: 主要用于注意力分散、思想矛盾或过分激动时产生的昏乱。
embarrass: 常指因处境或困难问题而感到窘迫、局促不安或焦急而不知所措。
baffle: 语气最强，多指遇见奇怪情景或复杂困难情况时所产生的惶恐困惑心理。
vt. 使…困惑；使…受挫折；用挡板控制
 - puzzle, set back
n. [建] [机] [电子] 挡板；困惑
 - confusion, checkboard

Word: bye-bye
Front: bye-bye
['baɪˌbaɪ] None
Back: int. 再见
分布：再见(84%)，上床(8%)，入睡(8%)
exclamation (also bye)
 ESSENTIAL informal
■goodbye 再见
• Bye-bye, see you tomorrow. 再见，明天见。
• Are you going? Bye then. 你要走吗？好吧，再见。
['baɪ.baɪ] plural noun
go (to) bye-byes mainly UK informal
■an expression used by or to young children, meaning 'go to sleep' （儿语）睡觉觉
• It's getting late - it's time for you to go to bye-byes. 时间不早了——你该睡觉觉了。
int. 再见
 - bye, adios, tatas, pippip

Word: alloy
Front: alloy
[ˈælɔɪ] (研四六托雅 11808/10493 -1)
Vocabulary: alloy
(once / 1770 pages)
nv
You may have heard of aluminum alloy on a car. What that means is that there is another metal mixed in with the aluminum, to save money and/or to strengthen the wheels. The wheels are an alloy (a mix), rather than pure.
In addition to indicating a dilution of one metal with another, alloy can refer to the dilution of a feeling or a quality. Knowing that you look awesome in your Halloween costume would be an alloy to the embarrassment of showing up to a party where you are the only one in a costume.
WORD FAMILY
alloy: alloyed, alloying, alloys+/alloyed: unalloyed/unalloyed: unalloyedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ballroom’s gilt is composition leaf, a copper alloy with only trace amounts of gold, a variation of which gilders call brass leaf.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Most tellingly, Mr Larsen’s samples contained iron and nickel alloys common in micrometeorites, but rare in Earth-bound rocks because these metals oxidise rapidly.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
An Auburn University engineering professor in Alabama worked on the precision measurements necessary to reformulate the engine’s aluminum alloy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 合金; （合金中的）劣等金属; 搀杂品; 成色
v. 合铸，熔合（金属）; 铸成合金; 在…中搀以杂质，使（金属）减低成色
时态：alloyed, alloying, alloys
分布：合金(98%)，使成合金(1%)，有合金能力(1%)
→前缀al-同ad-. -loy同词根lig, 绑，组合。特指把贵金属和贱金属合在一起冶炼。
n.合金vt.将...铸成合金The alliance enhanced the reliability of the applicable alloy appliances.盟友增强了适用的合金用具的可靠性.
【区】allay：lay躺－减轻alloy：o象钢圈－合金alley：e曲里拐弯的－胡同unalloyed（adj 纯粹的）
noun countable /ˈæl.ɔɪ/
■a metal that is made by mixing two or more metals, or a metal and another substance 合金
• Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. 黄铜是铜与锌的合金。
verb transitive /əˈlɔɪ/ literary
■to spoil or reduce in value 损坏；使（价值）降低；影响
• My pleasure in receiving the letter was somewhat alloyed by its contents. 我收到这封信时的喜悦在读过信后蒙上一层阴影。
n. [材] 合金
 - composition metal

Word: populace
Front: populace
[ˈpɒpjələs] (宝 11767/14746 -1)
Vocabulary: populace
(once / 891 pages)
n
The populace is a way to refer to a group of people in general, like the masses or a population.
Populace, in its original use, was a negative way of referring to ordinary people, as opposed to rich, privileged, or royal people. A king might try to understand the mindset of the populace, but it's likely that he had no idea what their lives were really like. Populace can also be a neutral term that refers to a group of people living in a particular place. For example, New York City has a populace of about eight million people.
WORD FAMILY
populace: populaces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reverence and awe with which Saban is treated by the populace — well, I recognized that instantly.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
An ongoing public health crisis of that size can’t help but produce blowback from the populace, even in a repressive, one-party state.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
The mobile title became a sensation — albeit briefly — and brought augmented reality to the populace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 百姓; 平民; 人口
分布：平民(53%)，大众(47%)
→popul-,人，民众，-ace,名词后缀。
[popul人民→平民,-ace名词字尾]平民,大众[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]
N-UNCOUNT
（一国的）平民，百姓，民众
The populace of a country is its people.
例：...a large proportion of the populace.大部分民众
n. 大众；平民；人口
 - common people, common man

Word: formative
Front: formative
[ˈfɔ:mətɪv] (托宝 11818/10102 -1)
Vocabulary: formative
(once / 5724 pages)
nadj
Formative is a word that describes something that made you who you are. You might call your adolescence your formative years because that time period had such a strong influence on the rest of your life.
The word form means “to shape.” Something that is formative is capable of shaping or molding something or someone. A formative experience is one that strongly influenced you, like the first time you went to the beach and decided, from that day, that you wanted to become a world-class surfer. Formative can also describe an organism that is able to form new cells. In linguistics, the noun formative is a small language unit that can help shape or form a word.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
formidable / formative
Formidable describes a foe you're slightly afraid of, but formative describes what formed you. Perhaps a formidable gymteacher scared the pants off you during your formative years in grade school, and now you're a world-class athlete. (Or a bookworm, depending on how you react to formidable foes.)
If you're a software designer, Microsoft is a formidable opponent. Such an enemy is one you dread, or perhaps respect or are awed by, because of its power, size, or capabilities. If you have a formidable vocabulary, you have a lot of words to choose from:
"A really formidable fighter can be worth more than a horse," he said. (New York Times)
Temple turned out to be more formidable than most expected. (Washington Post)
Heath Shuler is taking on an even more formidable opponent: House Speaker Nancy Pelosi. (Knoxville News)
Something formative shapes or forms a person or thing. Your early years are generally considered formative because they greatly influence who you are. Let's form an idea from some examples:
Psychologists have always stressed the formative influence of parents, but siblings have been studied less. (New York Times)
Marc Webb's film explores the formative years of Peter Parker, previously played on screen by Tobey Maguire. (BBC)
Naturally, he has formative memories built around the intersection of the team with his life. (Seattle Times)
Remember: your formative period was when you were learning to become a formidable foe for words with unruly definitions. And mean gym teachers.
WORD FAMILY
formative: formatively, formatives+/deform: deformation, deformed, deforming, deforms/deformation: deformational, deformations/deformed: deformedly, deformity / deformity: deformities/ form: biform, deform, formation, formative, formed, forming, formless, forms, multiform, preform, reform / formation: formations, re-formation/formed: ill-formed, re-formed, unformed/formless: formlessly/preform: preformation, preformed, preforms/preformation: preformations/ reform: reformable, reformation, reformative, reformatory, reformed, reformer, reforming, reformism, reforms/reformable: unreformable/ reformation: counterreformation, reformations, self-reformation/reformatory: reformatories/ reformed: reformedly, unreformed/reformer: reformers/reformism: reformist/reformist: reformists/unformed: unformedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, her being so close to both of you from a formative age means she’s not just your buddy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
“The survey finds that Americans are primarily bound together by their generation and the major events that occurred during their formative years,” the report states.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
It was an episode so formative that the poet recounted it at length in his Nobel acceptance speech in 1971.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 形成的; 造型的; [语]构词用的
n. 构词要素; 用构词要素构成的词
分布：形成的(76%)，影响发展的(12%)，造形的(12%)
US ['fɔ:r.mə.tˌɪv] adjective formal
■relating to the time when someone or something is starting to develop in character 形成的；发展的；性格形成时期的
• She spent her formative years in Africa. 她在非洲渡过了性格形成时期。
• a formative experience 性格形成时期的一段经历
• a formative period 性格形成时期
adj. 形成的；造型的；格式化的
 - plastic, emerging

Word: dogma
Front: dogma
[ˈdɒgmə] (托宝 11758/11866 -1)
Vocabulary: dogma
(once / 551 pages)
n
Dogma means the doctrine of belief in a religion or a political system.
The literal meaning of dogma in ancient Greek was something that seems true. These days, in English, dogma is more absolute. If you believe in a certain religion or philosophy, you believe in its dogma, or core assumptions. If you belong to a cult that believes that cupcake consumption is the only true path, then you follow the cupcake dogma. Dogma, once adopted, is accepted without question. Go eat cupcakes!
WORD FAMILY
dogma: dogmas, dogmata, dogmatic, dogmatical, dogmatise, dogmatism, dogmatize+/ dogmatic: dogmatically, undogmatic/dogmatical: undogmatical/dogmatise: dogmatised, dogmatises, dogmatising/ dogmatism: dogmatisms, dogmatist/dogmatist: dogmatists/dogmatize: dogmatized, dogmatizes, dogmatizing/undogmatic: undogmatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
He clung to his Methodism while criticizing some of its dogma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The party should understand that the Republican base and conservatives on the ground “are more in line with Trump” than with past dogma.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The administration’s response to the neoconservative depredations of the past decade was to revert to old dogmas: the dogmas of “realism”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 教义，教条，信条; 武断的意见
adj. 教义的，教条的，信条的
分布：教条(75%)，教义(18%)，信条(7%)
→来自希腊语dogma,教导，教条，词源同doctor, doctrine.
教条[dogm=opinion(观点)]
【记】dog顽强的狗，顽强的坚持dog的mama－教条
【参】dogmatic（adj 教条的；独断的）＝doctrinal＝dictatorialdogmatism（n 教条主义；武断）
【反】heresy（n 异端邪说）
US ['dɑ:g-] disapproving
noun countable or uncountable
■a fixed, especially religious, belief or set of beliefs that people are expected to accept without any doubts （尤指宗教的）教义，教条，信条
n. 教条，教理；武断的意见
 - credendum

Word: breaker
Front: breaker
[ˈbreɪkə(r)] (11781/13834 -1)
Back: n. [电]断路器; 破坏者，破碎者; 轧碎机，破碎机; 碎浪
分布：断路器(93%)，浪花(4%)，破坏者(3%)
→来自break, 形容浪大。
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■a wave moving toward the coast （拍岸的）碎浪，浪花
• We swam out beyond the breakers. 我们从涌向岸边的浪中游了出来。
n. [电] 断路器；打破者；碎浪
 - killer, circuit-breaker

Word: policy-making
Front: policy-making
['pɒləsi:m'eɪkɪŋ] (-1)
Back: n. 政策制定；决策
分布：政策制定的(100%)
US ['pɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the activity of deciding on new policies 制定政策，决策
adj. 决策的；决策性质的
 - decision-making
n. 决策
 - counsel, decision-making

Word: horrendous
Front: horrendous
[hɒˈrendəs] (宝 11785/11261 -1)
Vocabulary: horrendous
(once / 12429 pages)
adj
Bad luck, an injury, a mistake, an unfortunate outfit, or a crime — anything can be called horrendous if it causes such dread or fear that you can barely even think about it.
If you’ve ever encountered something horrendous, you won’t be surprised to learn that the word traces back to the Latin word horrere, meaning "to bristle with fear, shudder." That’s a good way to think about horrendous things — they cause you to shudder. You can use the word to describe any type of thing — people, ideas, actions, and so on — but save it for those things that are not merely bad but instead are truly horrifying.
WORD FAMILY
horrendous: horrendously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The streets were just a mess, and traffic was horrendous — it was like L.A.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“A Muslim registry would be the first step in even more horrendous actions,” Chu said in an interview.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
He hated the drugs he was prescribed when he was finally diagnosed — the side effects were horrendous.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可怕的，令人吃惊的
分布：可怕的(91%)，令人震惊的(9%)
→来自拉丁语horrere,恐惧，颤抖，词源同horror.引申词义恐怖的，骇人的。
【记】horr可怕；参：horrible（adj 可怕的；恐怖的）
【参】horrific（adj 令人毛骨悚然的）
adjective
■extremely unpleasant or bad 极糟的；可怕的
• a horrendous accident/tragedy/crime 可怕的事故／悲剧／罪行
• horrendous suffering/damage 极大的痛苦／破坏
• Conditions in the refugee camps were horrendous. 难民营里的条件糟透了。
• The firm made horrendous (= very big) losses last year. 这家公司去年亏损极为严重。
adj. 可怕的；惊人的
 - terrible, tremendous, awesome, fearful, incredible

Word: lug
Front: lug
[lʌg] (托宝 11771/20307 -1)
Vocabulary: lug
(once / 641 pages)
1v 2v 3n 4n
To lug something is to drag or haul it. If you have to lug a heavy backpack to school, look into buying a fashionable backpack on wheels.
If you overpack for a trip, you might end up having to lug your suitcases around the airport, and if your grocery bag breaks on your way home, you'll have to lug your gallon of milk and bunches of bananas in your arms instead. As a noun, lug has several less common meanings, including "a handle-like projection," and "an asymmetrical four-sized sail." Informally, a lug is also an ear in Scotland, and a bully in North America.
WORD FAMILY
lug: luggage, lugged, lugging, lugs+/ luggage: luggages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Gebbie lugs a garment bag and a rolling suitcase to the gym’s entrance.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
My reindeer, I’m afraid, are simply too small to lug such large loads anymore.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
And rookie relievers still might find themselves lugging snacks across the diamond to the bullpen for the veterans.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 用力拖拉
n. 手柄; （英）耳朵; 突出部; <俚>笨家伙
时态：lugged, lugging, lugs
分布：拖(35%)，拉(29%)，柄(21%)，螺帽(5%)，突出部(5%)，用力拖动(5%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：拉个（东西）－拖拉。
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (-gg-) informal
■to carry or pull something with effort or difficulty because it is heavy （费力地）拖，拉，拽
• I'm exhausted after lugging these suitcases all the way across London. 拖着这些箱子穿过整个伦敦可把我给累坏了。
• I don't want to lug these shopping bags around with me all day. 我不想一整天到哪里都提着这些购物袋。
[lʌg] noun countable
EAR 耳朵 UK slang
■a lughole (= ear) 耳朵
[lʌg] noun countable
PERSON 人 US slang
■an awkward or stupid man 笨手笨脚的人，笨蛋，傻瓜
■US slang
■a way of talking to a man you like （对男性的亲匿称呼）笨蛋；傻瓜
• Come over here and give me a kiss, you big lug. 过来亲亲我，你这个大傻瓜。

Word: adjunct
Front: adjunct
[ˈædʒʌŋkt] (托宝 11816/15510)
Vocabulary: adjunct
(once / 3068 pages)
nadj
Adjunct means something added on, but not part of the whole. An adjunct professor is someone who is hired by a college to teach but isn't a full member of the faculty.
This is a word you can figure out by taking it apart. From ad- "to" and -junct "join" (think "junction"), you can see that this is about joining something to another. "During lunch, Tim always sat the girls' lacrosse-team lunch table, and they joked that he was an adjunct member of the team."
WORD FAMILY
adjunct: adjuncts
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s always a tension in community colleges between full-time and adjunct faculty.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She was an adjunct biology professor at the University of Maryland’s University College and was the co-author of papers about immunology.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy, an expert on nuclear radioactivity and an adjunct professor at Georgetown University.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 附件，助手
adj. 附属的
分布：附属物(46%)，修饰语(27%)，附件(27%)
→前缀ad, 去，往。-junct同join, 连接。
【记】1）ad朝向，junct结合，连接－朝向连接－附属物2）ad＝add增加，jun拼音：菌－加入菌－显然是一种添加剂，附属物。
【参】junction（n 交汇点）；disjunction（n 分离；折断）
【反】essential element（基本部分）
['ædʒ.ʌŋkt] formal
noun countable
■something added or connected to a larger or more important thing 附属物，附件
• I hoped I would find the computer course a useful adjunct to my other studies. 我希望上了这门电脑课程后，会使其他科目的学习如虎添翼。
• In grammar, an adjunct is an adverb or adverbial phrase that gives extra information in a sentence. 文法中，修饰成分是在句子中提供附加资料的副词或者副词片语。
n. 附属物；助手；修饰语
 - friend, assistant, aid, belonging
adj. 附属的
 - subsidiary, affiliated

Word: densely
Front: densely
[denslɪ] (11786/11498)
Back: adv. 浓密地，稠密地，密集地
分布：密集地(60%)，浓厚地(40%)
adverb
 ADVANCED
■with a lot of things close together 密集地
• England was once a densely wooded country (= a lot of trees grew close together there). 英格兰曾经林木茂密。
• Mexico City is one of the most densely populated cities in the world (= a lot of people live close together there). 墨西哥城是世界上人口密度最大的城市之一。
• His books tend to be rather densely written (= contain a lot of information and ideas and are difficult to understand). 他的书往往内容庞杂、晦涩难懂。
adv. 浓密地；密集地
 - thick, turbidly

Word: existential
Front: existential
[ˌegzɪˈstenʃəl] (宝 11806/16382)
Vocabulary: existential
(once / 6559 pages)
adj
If something is existential, it has to do with human existence. If you wrestle with big questions involving the meaning of life, you may be having an existential crisis.
Existential can also relate to existence in a more concrete way. For instance, the objections of your mother-in-law may pose an existential threat to the continuation of your Friday night card game. Often the word carries at least a nodding reference to the philosophy of existentialism associated with Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Sartre, and others, which emphasizes the individual as a free agent responsible for his actions.
WORD FAMILY
existential: existentialism, existentially+/ coexist: coexisted, coexistent, coexisting, coexists/coexistence: coexistences/coexistent: coexistence, coexistently/ exist: coexist, existed, existent, existing, exists, preexist/ existence: existences, existential /existent: existence, existently, nonexistent, pre-existent/ existentialism: existentialist/existentialist: existentialists/ existing: pre-existing/nonexistence: nonexistences/ nonexistent: nonexistence/preexist: preexisted, preexistence, preexistent, preexisting, preexists/preexistence: preexistences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fashion industry is grappling with an existential question: how to sell its wares to consumers?
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Sorry, I’ve been advised not to discuss my existential status.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet in searching the internet for an answer, it also reveals the question to be one of the great existential tensions of our time.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关存在的，存在主义的，存在判断的
分布：有关存在的(53%)，存在判断的(47%)
ADJ
关于人类存在的;基于存在（或经验）的
Existential means relating to human existence and experience.
例：Existential questions requiring religious answers still persist.需要通过宗教来解释的关乎人类存在的问题仍然存留。
ADJ
有关(生死)存在的
You use existential to describe fear, anxiety, and other feelings that are caused by thinking about human existence and death.
例：'What if there's nothing left at all?' he cries, lost in some intense existential angst.“要是什么都不会留下呢？”他叫喊道，陷入了对自身存在的深度焦虑。

Word: coarsely
Front: coarsely
[kɔ:slɪ] (11752/24316)
Back: adv. 粗糙地; 鄙俗地
分布：粗俗地(38%)，鄙俗地(37%)，粗糙地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
(质地)粗的，粗糙的;粗织的
Coarse things have a rough texture because they consist of thick threads or large pieces.
例：...a jacket made of very coarse cloth.粗布制成的夹克
例：...a beach of coarse sand.粗沙海滩
ADJ-GRADED
(言行)粗鲁的，粗俗的
If you describe someone as coarse, you mean that he or she talks and behaves in a rude and offensive way.
例：The soldiers did not bother to moderate their coarse humour in her presence.她在的时候，士兵们还是照样说粗俗的笑话，都懒得收敛。
adv. 粗糙地；鄙俗地；粗俗地
 - roughly, crudely

Word: articulate
Front: articulate
[ɑ:ˈtɪkjuleɪt] (研六托雅宝 4865/6482 -2)
Vocabulary: articulate
(once / 638 pages)
1vadj 2adjv
To articulate is to say something. And, if you say it well, someone might praise you by saying you are articulate. Confused yet? It's all in the pronunciation.
Reach for articulate when you need an adjective meaning "well-spoken" (pronounced ar-TIC-yuh-lit) or a verb (ar-TIC-yuh-late) meaning "to speak or express yourself clearly." The key to understanding articulate's many uses is to think of the related noun article: an articulate person clearly pronounces each article of his or her speech (that is, each word and syllable), and an articulated joint is divided up into distinct articles, or parts.
WORD FAMILY
articulate: articulated, articulately, articulateness, articulates, articulating, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, disarticulate, inarticulate, unarticulate+/ articulated: unarticulated/ articulation: articulations/articulator: articulators/disarticulate: disarticulated, disarticulating/ inarticulate: inarticulately
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s more articulate than I am. All of our kids are teaching me so much right now,” Ms. Bening said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Indeed, a mainstream strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy involves purposefully articulating thoughts to oneself in order to diminish pernicious habits of mind.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The prosecutors are also likely to re-emphasize the considerable evidence of Mr. Roof’s premeditation and clearly articulated racial intent.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 发音清晰的; 善于表达的; 有关节的
vt. 清晰地发（音）; 言语表达; （用关节）连接
vi. 清楚地和清晰地讲; 发音; [解剖学] 连接
时态：articulated, articulating, articulates
分布：发音(29%)，有关节的(19%)，发音清晰的(19%)，善于表达的(17%)，清楚地讲话(13%)，以关节连接(3%)
→来自词根art-, 连贯，连结，词源同art, arm.
关节结合;咬字清楚[articul=joint(关节)]
a.善于表达的;有关节相连的v.清楚地讲话The articulate man's artistic cartoon startled the charterer.发音清晰者的艺术卡通使包租人大吃一惊.
【记】1）articul文章，ate吃的过去式－吃透文章－所以发音清晰2）articu文章，late后期。文章的后期制作。学过托福作文的同学一定深有体会，检查的时候应注重两方面，一、思想、内容表达清晰。二、句与句之间，段与段之间的接合是否连贯。3）articulate particular（特别的）清楚！
US [ɑːr-/
■able to express thoughts and feelings easily and clearly, or showing this quality 能表达清楚的，善于表达的；口齿伶俐的，有口才的
• an intelligent and highly articulate young woman 聪明过人且口齿伶俐的年轻女子
• She gave a witty, entertaining and articulate speech. 她的演讲机智幽默、引人入胜、明确有力。
verb transitive UK [ɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.leɪt] US [ɑːr-] formal
■to express in words 清楚地表达
• I found myself unable to articulate my feelings. 我感到无法用语言来表达我的感情。
• Many people are opposed to the new law, but have had no opportunity to articulate their opposition. 很多人不赞成这项新法律，但是却没有机会表达他们的反对意见。
■to pronounce 清晰地吐（字）；清晰地发（音）
• When children first learn to talk, there are some sounds that they find difficult to articulate. 小孩子刚学说话时，有一些音他们很难发出来。
vi. 发音；清楚地讲话；用关节连接起来
 - pronounce
adj. 发音清晰的；口才好的； [动] [生物] 有关节的
 - enunciative

Word: elastic
Front: elastic
[ɪˈlæstɪk] (研四六雅 11772/9955 -1)
Vocabulary: elastic
(once / 771 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
Elastic is the rubber-based material that resumes its original shape after stretching or compression, and anything described as elastic is flexible.
In 1923 American inventor William H Spencer took elastic one step further, creating the elastic band — the Internet of its day for bored office workers seeking amusement. The properties of elastic have long lent themselves to metaphorical use, so that anything or anyone that's capable of adaptation or is flexible in its nature can be termed elastic.
WORD FAMILY
elastic: elastically, elasticised, elasticity, elasticized, elastics, inelastic+/ elasticity: elasticities/inelastic: inelastically, inelasticity
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is a song elastic enough to stay with us while changing with the times.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
She moved more briskly and met me wearing a black elastic belt over a loose top.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Yes, an elastic cord that connects the two little earpieces, just like regular Bluetooth headphones.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 有弹力的; 可伸缩的; 灵活的
n. 松紧带，橡皮圈
分布：有弹性的(57%)，灵活的(20%)，橡皮圈(16%)，有松紧的东西(5%)，可变的(2%)
→来自希腊文elastos, 延展的，有弹性的。
a.弹性的n.松紧带,橡皮圈The rules are elastic.这些规章是有弹性的.
【记】last（v 持续；维持）－能维持原状一有弹性的
【参】inelastic（adj 无弹性的）
adjective
■describes material that is able to stretch and be returned to its original shape or size 有弹性的
• A lot of sportswear is made of very elastic material. 许多运动装都是用弹性较大的材料制成的。
■able or likely to be changed 灵活的；易顺应（变化）的
• The project has only just started so any plans are still very elastic. 案子才刚刚启动，所以各项计划都留有很大余地。
• In this country, time is an elastic concept. 在这个国家，人们对时间的概念没有那么严格。
[ɪ'læs.tɪk] noun uncountable
■a type of rubber that is able to stretch and be returned to its original shape or size 松紧带；橡皮筋
• His trousers were held up with a piece of elastic. 他用一条橡皮筋系住裤腰。
plastic, elastic, flexible
这组词都有“弹性的，易弯曲的”的意思，其区别是：
plastic: 科技用词，指事物质地柔软，易造型，可塑造成所需的形状。
elastic: 强调物体的伸展性，也可作引申用。
flexible: 主要指有韧性，暗示有可以弯曲而不脆继的特性，但不一定有弹性。也可作引申用。
adj. [力] 有弹性的；灵活的；易伸缩的
 - flexible, stretchy
n. 松紧带；橡皮圈
 - band, rubberband

Word: befriend
Front: befriend
[bɪˈfrend] (11793/14740 -1)
Vocabulary: befriend
(once / 1819 pages)
v
There are many ways to make someone your friend. You can offer assistance with a project, or provide comfort at a time of loss. Perhaps the easiest way to befriend someone, however, is just to smile and say "hi."
The prefix "be-" is from Old English, and has several meanings. In befriend, the meaning is "cause to be," so to befriend someone is to cause him or her to be your friend. Mahatma Gandhi once said, “It is easy enough to be friendly to one's friends. But to befriend the one who regards himself as your enemy is the quintessence of true religion. The other is mere business.”
WORD FAMILY
befriend: befriended, befriending, befriends
USAGE EXAMPLES
She befriended her fellow thespians and always looked beyond herself for meaning and satisfaction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
After befriending a woman with crippling arthritis, Mbiria – an able-bodied electrical engineering student in Nairobi – recognised the limitations of existing technology for disabled people.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
He proposes befriending a nation that, according to an Oct.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 以朋友的方式对待; 帮助; 照顾
时态：befriended, befriending, befriends
分布：帮助(88%)，待 ... 如友(12%)
友好对待(be+friend朋友)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be使…成为，friend朋友－使成为朋友－友好对待
verb transitive
■to be friendly towards someone 对（某人）友好；帮助
• He was befriended by an old lady. 他得到一位老太太的帮助。
vt. 帮助；待人如友；扶助
 - facilitate, lend a hand

Word: pavilion
Front: pavilion
[pəˈvɪliən] (11779/7859 -1)
Vocabulary: pavilion
(once / 888 pages)
n
Pavilions are made for pleasure. A traveling circus takes place under a big colorful pavilion or billowing tent. A wedding might take place under a pavilion or freestanding decorative building in a garden.
The word pavilion comes from the Latin papilionem meaning "tent" or literally "butterfly." Think of the sweeping beautiful wings of a butterfly and how they sort of resemble the folds of a tent. In the eighteenth century, pavilions were popular in Europe. Wealthy people would build these small temple-like buildings where they could go to reflect and find calm. Today, the word is more commonly used for big tents or outdoor spaces where events are held.
WORD FAMILY
pavilion: pavilions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Knauerhaze says the bodies of Holtrey and her friend were found Monday near the Pavilions shopping center in Newport Beach.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Georgia Tech: The Jackets pulled off second big upset in the last 13 months at McCamish Pavilion.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Leaf claimed during a video segment played on the Pauley Pavilion scoreboard that he was a world-class golfer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 亭，阁楼; （公共活动或展览用的）临时建筑物; 大型文体馆; 看台
vt. 搭帐篷; 笼罩; 置…于亭中
分布：馆(97%)，楼阁(2%)，搭帐蓬(1%)
→来自古法语paveillon,蝴蝶，大帐篷，华美帐篷，来自拉丁语papilio,蝴蝶，词源同papillon.后用于指华美的建筑，因其如蝴蝶的展开翅膀而得名，后用于指亭，阁。
noun countable
BUILDING 建筑物 UK a building near a sports field, especially one where cricket is played, used by the players and sometimes by people watching the game （尤指板球场旁设立的）选手席，看台
■US
■one of a group of related buildings （一组相关建筑物的）分馆，配楼
• the West Pavilion of Central General Hospital 中心综合医院的西楼
■US
■a large building in which sports or entertainment take place 大型体育馆
[pə'vɪl.jən] noun countable
TEMPORARY STRUCTURE 临时建筑物
■a temporary structure, such as a large tent, especially used at public events or for shows （尤指用于公共活动或展览的）临时建筑物（如大帐篷）
n. [建] 阁；亭子；大帐篷；展示馆
 - summerhouse, gloriette
vt. 搭帐篷；置…于亭中；笼罩
 - fold, hang over

Word: ore
Front: ore
[ɔ:(r)] (研四六托雅宝 10340/8191 -1)
Vocabulary: ore
(once / 459 pages)
1n 2n
Ore is a rock that contains minerals like iron, gold, or lead. The seven dwarfs in the movie "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" worked mining ore.
Another meaning of ore is a Swedish unit of money. The krona is made up of 100 ore. In this use, ore is usually spelled with an umlaut over the o — öre. In English, ore is most commonly used to mean a material from which valuable metals or gems can be extracted. In Old English, ora means unwrought metal and ar means bronze. Both root words are thought to have influenced this sense of ore.
WORD FAMILY
ore: ores
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the month of January, Mr. Ore is a Canada Dry kind of guy.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It also includes 1 million acres rich in uranium ore where new mining claims are banned through 2032.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He then fled to Eugene, Ore., intending to steal his twin brother’s identity, before deciding to return to Bellingham and surrender.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 矿; 矿石，矿砂
分布：矿(67%)，矿石(33%)
→来自古英语ora,矿石，矿土，未冶炼金属，词源同earth.同时受另一个古英语词ar影响，黄铜，铜矿，来自aus,金黄色的，词源同aurora,ormolu.
n.矿石,矿砂The boring boy bored ashore for ore core at the score.讨厌的男孩在海岸上的刻线处钻探矿核.
US [ɔ:r] noun countable or uncountable
■rock or soil from which metal can be obtained （含金属的）矿石，矿砂
• iron/copper ore 铁／铜矿石
n. [矿物] 矿；矿石
 - mine

Word: midwife
Front: midwife
[ˈmɪdwaɪf] (11764/12197 -1)
Vocabulary: midwife
(once / 3395 pages)
n
A midwife is someone whose job involves helping women give birth to babies. Some pregnant women get their prenatal care from a midwife, as well as delivering their babies with a midwife's help.
There are different categories of midwives — lay midwives attend home births, and nurse midwives also assist birthing women at hospitals and birth centers. In either case, a midwife is trained to understand the process of birth and techniques to make it easier and safe for mothers and newborn babies. Midwife literally means "woman who is with," or "woman assisting," from the Middle English mid, "with," and wif, "woman."
WORD FAMILY
midwife: midwifery, midwives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Evelyn, a midwife, delivered babies for the Indian Health Service.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He works at a coin-op laundry, while his wife, 49, is a babysitter, a midwife and a nanny.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rachael Moss, a bereavement support midwife at Northampton General Hospital, said the little cots are a lifeline.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 接生婆; 助产士
v. 接生; [喻]协助…的产生
分布：助产士(82%)，接生婆(18%)
→mid-,伴随，相伴，wife,女人。用于指古代的接生婆，现在的助产士。
noun countable (plural midwives)
■a person, usually a woman, who is trained to help women when they are giving birth 助产士，接生员；产婆
vt. 助胎儿出生；促成
 - catalyse

Word: bandit
Front: bandit
[ˈbændɪt] (六托 11776/15193 -1)
Vocabulary: bandit
(once / 1180 pages)
n
A bandit is a robber, thief, or outlaw. If you cover your face with a bandanna, jump on your horse, and rob the passengers on a train, you're a bandit.
A bandit typically belongs to a gang of bandits who commit crimes in remote, lawless, or out-of-the-way places. A bus traveling through an isolated location that's not policed might be at risk for being attacked by bandits. The word bandit comes from the Italian bandito, "outlaw," from the Vulgar Latin bannire, "to proclaim or proscribe," by way of a Germanic root that's shared by ban.
WORD FAMILY
bandit: bandits, banditti
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clean Bandit's Rockabye remains at number one in the singles charts for an eighth week.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Other brands, from Fireball Cinnamon Whiskey to Trinchero’s Bandit boxed wine, also target women as potential heavy users of their products.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Young women responded with photos of themselves chugging Bandit.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 土匪，强盗
分布：强盗(66%)，土匪(34%)
→来自词根ban,说话，命令，词源同phone. -it, 拉丁语过去分词后缀。指被禁止入城的人，被官方宣称非法的人。
匪徒(band匪帮+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
noun countable
■a thief with a weapon, especially one belonging to a group that attack people travelling through the countryside 土匪；盗贼；暴徒
burglar, gangster, thief, bandit, robber, pirate
这组词都有“资贼、强盗”的意思，其区别是：
burglar: 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster: 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief: 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit: 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber: 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。
pirate: 指海盗。
n. 强盗，土匪；恶棍；敲诈者
 - tough, robber

Word: loose
Front: loose
[lu:s] (高研四六托 2851/2925 -K3)
Vocabulary: loose
(once / 90 pages)
1adjvadv 2adjv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj
If something is loose, it's not attached very securely to anything. Be sure the horse trailer attached to your truck isn't loose, or it might just roll away on its own while you're on the highway.
Loose means "not fixed." We can use it for things that you physically attach, like doorknobs or buttons, or for ideas that aren't rigid. If someone has loose morals, they don't have a strong moral code. A floppy dancer has loose limbs, and a loose ball is one that no one's holding. It's also a verb. To loose something is to set it free, which is different from losing it. You loose the wild squirrel you nursed back to health.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
lose / loose
Lose sounds like snooze. If you lose something, you don’t have it anymore. Add an "o," and loose rhymes with goose and describes something that’s not attached.
The word lose has been through some changes since it hit the scene in the year 900. Now you can lose a game, lose your mind, lose control, lose your temper, lose your… train of thought, but you can also lose your car keys or ten pounds. Here are some current examples (because Old English would be confusing):
"If you know you eat all the time because you need something, but you aren’t sure what you need, diets won’t help you lose weight.” (US News)
"Sometimes I have trouble staying focused and I lose my train of thought,” Ford said. (Washington Times)
Loose is also an old word. Its meaning overlapped with lose's at some point, but now they’re separate. Loose got loose! It means not attached well, like a loose tooth, or free like a loose dog that’s off the leash. Lips come in pairs, like the "o’s" in loose, and loose lips sink ships. Here are more examples:
“State police say they're not sure how many chickens are on the loose." (US News)
"And sheepskin coats flowed loose and luxuriously around the body." (Washington Post.)
If you get them mixed up, don’t feel bad: lose and loose do have a shared history. To remember the difference, think of how a goose can get loose. But when loose loses an “o,” it’s gone forever. If you snooze, you lose.
WORD FAMILY
loose: loosed, loosely, loosen, looseness, looser, looses, loosest, loosing, unloose+/ loosen: loosened, loosening, loosens, unloosen/looseness: loosenesses/loosening: loosenings/unloose: unloosed, unlooses, unloosing/unloosen: unloosened, unloosening, unloosens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lava deltas are formed when lava enters the ocean and builds new land on loose and unstable substrate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Traditionally a grave disappointment, New Year’s Eve is at least a time to cut loose and escape the suffocating, sprout-scented stranglehold of the family Christmas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The soldiers,” The Toronto World reported, “were a little loose around their own goal.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 松的，宽的; 模糊的; 散漫的; 自由的
vt. 释放; 不受约束地表达; 松开; 射出（子弹、箭等）
vi. 变得松散; 发射导弹; 开火
adv. 散漫地
n. 解放; 放任; 发射
时态：loosed, loosing, looses
分布：松的(36%)，宽松的(19%)，释放(7%)，放任(7%)，不确切的(5%)，不牢固的(5%)，解放(5%)，放枪(5%)，松散地(4%)，放纵(4%)，弄松(3%)
→来自lose的形容词，松开的，松的。
a.(宽)松的;不精确的;自由的,散漫的The screw has come loose.螺丝松掉了.
【反】taut（adj 拉紧的；紧张的）
adjective
NOT FIXED 未固定的
 ESSENTIAL
■not firmly fixed in place 松的，松动的
• There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall. 墙上搭着几根没有接好的电线。
• The nails in the bridge had worked them selves loose. 桥上的钉子已经松动了。
• The prisoners were so thin that their skin hung loose. 囚犯们瘦得很厉害，身上的皮肤都松垮垮地垂着。
 IMPROVER
■describes hair that is not tied back （头发）松散的，披着的，散开的
• Her hair was hanging loose about her shoulders. 她长发垂肩。
 IMPROVER
■describes things which are not fixed or held together or to anything else 松散的，散开的
• A few loose sheets of paper were lying around. 几张纸散落在地板上。
[lu:s] adjective
NOT TIGHT 不紧的
 ADVANCED
■(of clothes) not fitting closely to the body （衣服）宽松的，肥大的
• Wear comfortable, loose clothing to your exercise class. 上体育课的时候，要穿些舒适宽松的衣服。
[lu:s] adjective
NOT EXACT 不确切的
 ADVANCED
■not tightly controlled or not exact 未严加控制的；不严谨的，不精确的
• It's a fairly loose adaptation of the novel. 它是根据小说的大致内容改编而成的。
• It's only a loose translation of the poem. 这只是那首诗的不准确的译文。
[lu:s] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的 old-fashioned disapproving
■having low morals; sexually free 不道德的；淫荡的
• a loose woman 荡妇
[lu:s] adjective
be at a loose end informal
■to have nothing to do 无所事事，闲着没事
• If you find yourself at a loose end, you could always clean the bathroom. 如果闲着没事，你总还可以去打扫一下浴室嘛。
[lu:s] adjective
hang/stay loose US informal
■to be calm and relaxed 镇定自若，不慌不忙
[lu:s] adjective
let sb loose
■to allow someone to do what they want in a place 任（某人）自由行动，放任（某人）
• You don't want to let Oliver loose in the kitchen. 你不想让奥利弗在厨房里到处乱跑吧。
[lu:s] adjective
let loose sth
■If you let loose something such as bullets or bombs, you release a lot of them all together 猛烈开（火），密集发射（子弹、炸弹等）
• The allies let loose an intensive artillery bombardment over the border. 联军对边境地区进行了一阵猛烈的炮击。
■to suddenly make a sound or speak in an uncontrolled way （突然失控地）发出，喊出，说出
• He turned round and let loose a torrent of abuse. 他转过身来破口大骂。
[lu:s] adjective
let/set sth loose
■to allow an animal to run around freely after it has been tied up 放开（拴住的动物）
• She let her horse loose in the field. 她把马放到田野上去了。
[lu:s] noun
on the loose
■If a dangerous person is on the loose, they are free to move around a place and harm people （危险分子）在逃，未受管制
• Brewer escaped from prison last year and has been on the loose ever since. 布鲁尔自去年越狱后一直在逃。
[lu:s] verb transitive
■to speak or express emotions very freely, especially in an uncontrolled way 敞开了说，放开了说，自由表达
• The minister loosed an angry tirade against the leader of the opposition. 部长发表了一篇长篇演说，愤怒地对反对党领袖进行了猛烈抨击。
[lu:s] verb transitive
  Common Learner Errors  loose or lose? Warning: these two verbs look and sound similar but have very different meanings. To talk about no longer possessing something or having less of it, don't say 'loose', say lose :
✗ If we are not careful we will loose some of our best clients.
loose, slack
这组词都有“松驰的”的意思，其区别是：
loose: 常用，通俗。指人的精神或东西的松驰。
slack: 强调缺乏牢固性或稳固性，不坚定。
adj. 宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的；不精确的
 - weak, discursive
vt. 释放；开船；放枪
 - deliver, free, fire
vi. 变松；开火
 - fluff
n. 放纵；放任；发射
 - emission, sending, shot, launch, projection

Word: nutmeg
Front: nutmeg
[ˈnʌtmeg] (11823/22943 -1)
Back: n. [植]肉豆蔻（树）; 〈美〉自负不凡的蠢货
分布：肉豆寇(50%)，肉豆寇种子中的核仁(50%)
→nut,坚果，-meg,香味，麝香味，词源同musk.用来指一种来自印度的麝香味的子实。
noun
SPICE 香料
countable or uncountable
■the hard fruit of a tropical tree, or a brown powder made from this and used as a spice to add flavour to food 肉豆蔻（粉）
• Grate some nutmeg on top of the pudding. 把肉豆蔻磨碎撒在布丁表面。
['nʌt.meg] noun
FOOTBALL 足球
countable informal
■in football, when a player kicks the ball through the legs of an opponent 把（球）从对方两腿之间踢过；踢（球）穿裆过人
['nʌt.meg] verb transitive (-gg-) mainly UK informal
■in football, to kick the ball through the legs of an opponent 把（球）从对方两腿之间踢过；踢球穿裆过人
• Roberts added the second goal five minutes into the second half when he nutmegged Evans. 下半场开场后五分钟，罗伯茨把球从埃文斯两腿之间踢过，再入一球。
n. [林] [中医] 肉豆蔻；肉豆蔻种子中的核仁
 - Myristica

Word: heroism
Front: heroism
[ˈherəʊɪzəm] (托 11794/18666 -1)
Vocabulary: heroism
(once / 930 pages)
n
When you think of heroism, you might think of great acts of bravery, such as rushing into burning buildings and facing danger in battle. Heroism consists of putting others first, even at your own peril.
The noun heroism comes from the Greek hērōs, which referred to a demigod. As someone who shows great courage and valor is referred to as a hero, their actions are considered to be acts of heroism. 19th Century lawyer Robert Green Ingersoll said it well: “When the will defies fear, when duty throws the gauntlet down to fate, when honor scorns to compromise with death — that is heroism.”
WORD FAMILY
heroism: heroisms+/ antihero: antiheroes/ hero: antihero, heroes, heroic, heroical, heroism, heros/ heroic: heroically, heroicly, heroics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Roberts focuses simply on the events of the first day, and perfectly captures the tragedy and heroism of this terrible moment in our history.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It was an act of heroism, caught on camera.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In easy times, we grow slack; this will require us each to find our capacity for heroism.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 英雄行为，英勇精神; 英雄气概，英雄品质; 英雄主义; 勇敢的事迹
分布：勇敢的事迹(100%)
→hero,英雄，-ism,主义，思想，精神。
US [-oʊ-] noun uncountable
■great bravery 英勇行为；英雄主义
• an act of heroism 英勇行为
n. 英勇，英雄气概；英雄行为；勇敢的事迹
 - prowess, valor

Word: bullying
Front: bullying
[ˈbuliŋ] (11883/15068)
Vocabulary: bullying
(once / 2743 pages)
nadj
Bullying is the act of intimidating someone else. Threatening to beat up your little brother if he doesn't clean your room for you is most certainly an act of bullying.
You may have heard of the word bully, which is a person, often young, who harasses others. A schoolyard bully might call you names, steal your lunch money, and generally make your life miserable. Bullying is the act of being a bully. Believe it or not, bullying can be serious business with grave consequences. There are even laws that require schools to take action against bullying.
WORD FAMILY
bullying: bullyings+/ bully: bullied, bullies, bullying, bullyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps more important, “Beyond The Bloodhounds” finds Victoria speaking her truth about topics such as bullying, personal insecurity and racial identity.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The reason for his visit, he said, was to discuss “multicultural issues”, including “bullying, supporting teachers, modernising curriculums and violence in Chicago”.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
It sounds like a school bullying ritual, but is the term for strategic harassment of crocs to discourage them from haunting populated areas.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 恐吓，威逼( bully的现在分词 ); 豪; 跋扈
分布：欺负(62%)，威胁(15%)，恐吓(13%)，欺凌弱小者(6%)，开球(4%)
N-COUNT
恃强凌弱者；恶霸
A bully is someone who uses their strength or power to hurt or frighten other people.
例：I fell victim to the office bully...我成了这个办公室霸王欺侮的对象。
例：He's a coward and a bully who confuses physical strength with manhood.他是一个懦夫，一个分不清蛮力和大丈夫气概的恃强凌弱者。
VERB
欺负；恐吓；欺凌
If someone bullies you, they use their strength or power to hurt or frighten you.
例：I wasn't going to let him bully me...我可不打算任由他欺负。
例：I asked her if she was bullied by the other children.我问她有没有被别的孩子欺负。
VERB
迫使；胁迫
If someone bullies you into something, they make you do it by using force or threats.
例：We think an attempt to bully them into submission would be counterproductive...我们认为试图迫使他们屈服会适得其反。
例：She used to bully me into doing my schoolwork...她过去总是强迫我写作业。

Word: protrude
Front: protrude
[prəˈtru:d] (托雅宝 11777/14292 -1)
Vocabulary: protrude
(once / 1270 pages)
v
Protrude means to stick out. A gravestone protrudes from the ground, a shelf protrudes from a wall, a lollipop stick protrudes from your mouth.
From the Latin prō- "forward, out" + trūdere "to thrust," protrude often describes coastlines where rocks stick out into the water. Prō- gives us protrusion "something that sticks out," and protuberance "something that grows out of something else"––a goiter, for example, or a nose.
WORD FAMILY
protrude: protruded, protrudes, protruding, protrusible, protrusion, protrusive+/ protrusion: protrusions/protrusive: protrusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wearing the conspicuously protruding false teeth that figure prominently in the story, Simonischek was tasked with visiting a mall on a perfume-purchasing mission.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
As of Wednesday night, the Volvos - distinctive in look with sensors protruding from their tops - were still roaming San Francisco’s streets.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
As of Wednesday night, the Volvos — distinctive in look with sensors protruding from their tops — were still roaming San Francisco’s streets.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使突出; 使伸出
vi. 突出; 伸出
时态：protruded, protruding, protrudes
分布：突出(68%)，伸出(32%)
→pro-,向前，-trud,击，打，词源同extrude,obtrude.
向前突出(pro+trude突出→向前突出)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
伸出,突出(pro向前+trud+e推→向前推→伸出)[trud,trus=push,表示"推"]
【记】pro前，trude伸出－向前伸出－伸出
【参】intrude（v 闯入）；extrude（v 挤压出；伸出）；prominent（adj 卓越的；显著突出的）；protuberant（adj 突起的）
verb intransitive
■to stick out from or through something 伸出，突出，鼓出
• A rotting branch protruded from the swamp like a ghostly arm. 一根腐烂的树枝像鬼的手臂一样从沼泽里伸出来。
• protruding ears/teeth 招风耳／暴牙
vt. 使突出，使伸出
 - exsert, advertise
vi. 突出，伸出
 - stand out, excel at

Word: breast-feeding
Front: breast-feeding
None None
Back: n. （用）母奶喂养
v. 以母乳抚育，哺乳( breast-feed的现在分词 )
分布：形容词(100%)
VERB
母乳哺育
When a woman breast-feeds her baby, she feeds it with milk from her breasts, rather than from a bottle.
例：Not all women have the choice whether or not to breast-feed their babies...不是所有的妇女都能选择是否用母乳哺育自己的孩子。
例：Leading scientists claim breast-fed babies are intellectually brighter.主流科学家宣称母乳喂养的婴儿更聪明。

Word: ruined
Front: ruined
[ˈru:ɪnd] (11774/10136 -K1)
Vocabulary: ruined
(once / 270 pages)
adj
Something that's ruined is spoiled, wrecked, or destroyed. A ruined party can result from your obnoxious brother annoying all the friends you invited.
Ruined means destroyed or useless. When you visit the site of a long uninhabited city, the broken down structures you see are ruins — time and neglect has resulted in ruined buildings. Both words come from the Latin ruere, "to fall." Opening the oven door too soon can yield a ruined soufflé — it could literally fall, or collapse into a squishy mess. Your reputation as a cook might also be described as ruined after such a disaster.
WORD FAMILY
ruined: ruineder+/ ruin: ruination, ruined, ruiner, ruining, ruinous, ruins/ruiner: ruiners/ruinous: ruinously
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than anything, Fuller wonders why Castro ruined “such a rich treasure of an island.”
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
"My life has been ruined until the age of 43," Woodward, a former Crewe player, said in his Guardian interview.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Olive branches were extended, but professional lives continued to be ruined while lukewarm op-eds asked for us to come together so we could start “healing”.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 毁灭的; 堕落的; 破产的
v. 破坏( ruin的过去式); 毁掉; 使破产; 使沦落
分布：毁坏的(72%)，破坏的(17%)，动词ruin的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
adjective
■destroyed or spoilt 毁掉了的，毁灭了的，被破坏的
• an ancient ruined castle 破败不堪的古城堡
adj. 毁灭的；荒废的
 - obsolescent, dilapidated
v. 毁灭（ruin的变形）
 - wreck and ruin, wrack and ruin

Word: feasibility
Front: feasibility
[ˌfi:zə'bɪlətɪ] (11824/8983)
Vocabulary: feasibility
(once / 8443 pages)
n
Feasibility describes how easy or difficult it is to do something. When you set a goal at work, think about the long-term feasibility of accomplishing what you want.
When people talk about the feasibility of a project, they’re discussing whether or not it can be achieved — how doable is it? If you want to question your dad’s unreasonable plan for painting the entire house in a weekend, tell him you should discuss the feasibility of the task. The formal sound of feasibility allows you to question whether or not it can be done — without sounding like you’re shirking your responsibilities.
WORD FAMILY
feasibility: feasibilities+/ feasible: feasibility, feasibleness, feasiblest, feasibly, infeasible, unfeasible / infeasible: infeasibility/ unfeasible: unfeasibility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Election experts also question the feasibility of organising presidential, legislative and provincial assembly elections together by the end of 2017.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Gleick is not a believer in the feasibility of actual time travel, now or ever.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
Department of Energy grants will pay for a project to research the feasibility of commercial-scale underground storage of carbon dioxide.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 可行性; 可能性; 现实性
分布：可行性(100%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■whether something can be made, done or achieved, or is reasonable 可行性
• We're looking at the feasibility of building a shopping centre there. 我们正在考虑在那里兴建一个购物中心的可行性。
n. 可行性；可能性
 - possibility, probability, potential, maybe, chance

Word: optimist
Front: optimist
[ˈɒptɪmɪst] (托宝 11811/14974)
Vocabulary: optimist
(once / 3576 pages)
n
An optimist is someone who always sees the bright side of any situation — a trait that can be either encouraging or annoying, depending on your frame of mind.
Winston Churchill once said, “A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” When you think about the problems in the world, it might sometimes be difficult to remain an optimist. Yet some people just naturally look for the silver lining, like Eeyore in the Winnie the Pooh stories who, when admitting that it's still snowing and freezing, remarks, "However, we haven't had an earthquake lately." Now that's an optimist!
WORD FAMILY
optimist: optimists+/ optimism: optimisms, optimist, optimistic / optimistic: optimistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donning the mantle of economic optimist is a time-honored tradition for presidents, who are seen as perhaps the most singularly influential person over the economy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I’m a revolutionary optimist, because in times like this, it’s revolutionary to be optimistic,” Mr. Henderson, smiling throughout this interview, said.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Here’s what nobody ever tells you about being an optimist: it’s not as much fun as it looks.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 乐观主义者; 乐天派
分布：乐观主义者(100%)
→来自optimum,最优，最佳，-ist,人。比喻用法。
US ['ɑ:p.tə-] noun countable
■someone who always believes that good things will happen 乐观主义者，乐天派
• She's a born optimist (= someone who has always been optimistic). 她天生是个乐天派。
n. 乐观主义者；乐天派
 - happy go lucky, happy camper

Word: doorbell
Front: doorbell
[ˈdɔ:bel] (11801/16579 -1)
Vocabulary: doorbell
(once / 10965 pages)
n
A doorbell is a signal that a visitor can use to let you know they're at your door. Most doorbells have a small button that rings a bell inside the house when it's pushed.
Your doorbell might emit a long chiming ring, even playing part of a song, or it may make a harsh buzzing sound. Doorbells tend to be louder than a simple knock on the door, and often they can be heard throughout a house or apartment. The very first doorbells were developed by the Scottish inventor William Murdock in the early 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
doorbell: doorbells
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gentle piano music starts as the doorbell chimes.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Three days after their return, on Sept. 19, Mrs. Akay was cooking pasta for lunch when the doorbell rang.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Police rang doorbells and used vans with loudspeakers to urge procrastinators to leave ahead of a 10 a.m. deadline.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 门铃
分布：门铃(100%)
US ['dɔ:r-] noun countable
■a bell operated by a button on or next to the door of a house, which you press to tell the people inside that you are there 门铃

Word: crumple
Front: crumple
[ˈkrʌmpl] (托雅宝 11820/12727 -1)
Vocabulary: crumple
(once / 1259 pages)
1v 2v
Crumple is a verb that means to become wrinkled or creased. Your face might crumple over time as you age, or you might crumple a piece of paper before tossing it in the trash.
Crumple comes from the Old English word crump meaning "bent, crooked," and it can describe something that has buckled or collapsed. If you're jumping up and down on a cardboard box, it'll eventually crumple under your weight and fold in on itself. Make sure you don't confuse crumple with the similar looking crumble, which means to break apart into small fragments. If you crumple something, it stays in one piece — it's just wrinkled or folded.
WORD FAMILY
crumple: crumpled, crumples, crumpling
USAGE EXAMPLES
An excavator crumpled remnants of the building’s roof and corner walls Wednesday afternoon.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He crumpled to the ground, then was strapped carefully on his back to a cart and rushed to a hospital.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It advanced to center court, where the lights dimmed and it crumpled to the floor.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 弄皱; 碎裂
vi. 变皱; 破裂; 崩溃
n. 压痕; 皱痕
时态：crumpled, crumpling, crumples
分布：压痕(34%)，压垮(33%)，皱痕(33%)
→词源同crisp, crimp, 卷的，脆的。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to become, or cause something to become, full of folds that are not equal in size （使）起皱
• This shirt crumples easily 这件衬衫很容易起皱。
intransitive
■If someone's face crumples, it becomes full of lines because of a strong emotion （脸因强烈的感情）起皱纹
• Her face crumpled with laughter. 她笑得脸上尽是皱纹。
intransitive
■If someone crumples, they fall to the ground suddenly 倒下；瘫倒
• The bullet hit him and he crumpled into a heap on the floor. 他中了弹，瘫倒在地上蜷作一团。
['krʌm.pl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] crumple sth up
■to crush a piece of paper until all of it is folded 把…揉皱；把…揉成一团
• Sylvie crumpled up the letter and threw it in the bin. 西尔维把信揉成一团扔进了垃圾箱。
vt. 弄皱；使一蹶不振
 - crush, rumple
vi. 起皱；倒坍；一蹶不振
 - wrinkle
n. 皱纹；褶皱
 - plication, rugosity

Word: moody
Front: moody
[ˈmu:di] (宝 11802/14318 -2)
Vocabulary: moody
(once / 1456 pages)
adj
If you're in a bad mood, especially when you were in a pretty good mood this morning, you can say you're moody. A moody person's emotions change unpredictably and often.
Someone with erratic moods is moody — you could also call them temperamental or changeable. If you describe a painting or a piece of music as moody, you probably mean that it has a dark, gloomy nature. A moody play, for example, might be a little depressing, or at least melancholy. Moody, from the Old English modig, began by meaning "arrogant or proud," and around the late sixteenth century became "subject to gloomy spells."
WORD FAMILY
moody: moodier, moodiest, moodily, moodiness +/ mood: moods, moody / moodiness: moodinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the diary bits are not very revealing, being the moody musings, including poetry, of a young woman on the cusp of 20 years old.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The moody contrition of his recent run as Batman seem to be fitting him more and more.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He was gregarious sometimes, moody others, perfectly happy to be alone as he once was on the bus in Los Angeles.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 喜怒无常的; 忧悒的; （无缘无故）不高兴的; 脾气坏的
adv. 喜怒无常地，情绪多变地
n. 喜怒无常
级别：moodier, moodiest
分布：喜怒无常的(57%)，情绪化的(25%)，易怒的(18%)
→来自mood,情绪，心情，心境。即有情绪的，引申词义情绪多变的，反复无常的。
adjective
■If someone is moody, they are often unfriendly because they feel angry or unhappy 心情多变的，喜怒无常的；闷闷不乐的
• a moody teenager 情绪多变的少年
• He can be quite moody. 他有时脾气很坏。
adj. 喜怒无常的；易怒的；郁郁寡欢的
 - passionate, temperamental

Word: behaviour
Front: behaviour
[bɪˈheɪvjə(r)] (中高托 10352/787 -K4)
Vocabulary: behaviour
(once / 445 pages)
n
Your behaviour is the way you act in various situations. Note that this word ends with "our," which is the British spelling, while the American English spelling is behavior. This discrepancy is common, and either spelling is correct.
The Late Middle English word behavoure meant "to have possession," which seemingly refers to a person in control of his or her actions. If you are accused of childish behaviour, you might be acting as though you have little self-control. Scottish musician Shirley Manson once said: "A lot of celebrities just want money, fame, power, fancy cars, houses all over the world and have people bow down to them. To me, that's frightful behaviour."
WORD FAMILY
behaviour: behaviourism, behaviours+/behaviourism: behaviourist, behaviouristic/behaviourist: behaviourists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the mass questioning of North Africans happened "because we recognised corresponding aggressive behaviour amongst them".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
“It’s about how we sometimes forgive the lunatic behaviour of artists and call it “eccentricity”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
If they do something really inappropriate, for example hit another child, you seem to be incapable of reacting with the seriousness such behaviour warrants.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 行为; 举止; （人、动植物、化学药品等的）表现方式; 态度
na. “behavior”的变体
分布：行为(89%)，举止(10%)，品行(1%)
US [-vjɚ] noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■Someone's behaviour is how they behave 行为，举止
• Her behaviour is often appalling. 她的行为举止经常都是糟糕得很。
• He was notorious for his violent and threatening behaviour. 他因暴力和威胁行为而声名狼藉。
UK (ALSO US behavior) UK [bɪ'heɪ.vjər] US [-vjɚ] noun uncountable
  Common Learner Errors  behaviourBehaviour does not have a plural form. Do not say 'behaviours'. Only say behaviour.
✗ There can be many reasons for children's bad behaviours. There can be many reasons for children's bad behaviour.
n. 行为；习性；运行状况（等于behavior）
 - dealing, going, habit, act, work

Word: teamwork
Front: teamwork
[ˈti:mwɜ:k] (高 11799/15491)
Vocabulary: teamwork
(once / 13104 pages)
n
Winning the World Cup takes some serious teamwork or coordinated effort of each player.
Break teamwork apart and you've got the definition: a team that works well together is one that's exhibiting teamwork. Teamwork is not just for sports. Business people working on a large project, a crew of pilots working to land a plane, or a naval ship full of marines all need teamwork. Each person plays their part to help achieve a larger goal. Often people refer to teamwork as a skill. When you work well in teams, you have great teamwork skills.
WORD FAMILY
teamwork: teamworks
USAGE EXAMPLES
With themes of courage and teamwork, this epic animated adventure is set in an alternative fantasy Japan.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They’re excellent role models, and their story is full of positive messages and themes, including integrity, perseverance, teamwork and communication.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The fall is the grand finale, a physical act that demands abs of steel, steadfast teamwork and infinite patience.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 协力; 配合; 联合作业; 集体工作
分布：合作(93%)，协同工作(7%)
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■when a group of people work well together 配合，合作，协作
• Brilliant teamwork and old fashioned grit got the team a last minute point. 凭借着密切的配合和英勇顽强的斗志，该队在最后一刻得了一分。
• Her determination, teamwork skills and leadership capabilities convinced us that she was perfect for the job. 她的意志力、协作技巧和领导能力令我们相信她非常适合这份工作。
n. 团队合作；协力
 - cooperation

Word: handbag
Front: handbag
[ˈhændbæg] (中高 11790/7266 -1)
Back: n. （女用）手提包; 旅行包
分布：手提包(100%)
noun countable (US also purse)
 ADVANCED
■a small bag for money, keys, make-up, etc. carried especially by women （尤指女式）手提包，手袋
sack, handbag, purse, bag
这组词都有“袋”的意思，其区别是：
sack: 应用较窄，指较大的袋子，如麻袋等。
handbag: 指手提包，尤指女人用的手提包。
purse: 指钱包或小钱袋，在美国相当于bandbag。
bag: 普通用词，指一般的口袋，有时也指手提包。
n. 手提包
 - gripesack

Word: saddle
Front: saddle
[ˈsædl] (研四六托雅宝 6217/6599 -2)
Vocabulary: saddle
(once / 187 pages)
nv
A saddle is a leather seat for horseback riders. If you saddle something, you either put a saddle on it or you burden it with something else. If you buy an expensive saddle for example. you may be saddled (or burdened) with debt.
A saddle makes a horse's rider more comfortable and secure — and if you ever ride a camel, you'll also sit on a saddle. As a verb, to saddle means "to put a saddle on an animal," although it also has the figurative meaning of "to burden." Your excessive spending might saddle you with debt, or your position as the oldest of eight siblings could saddle you with too much responsibility.
WORD FAMILY
saddle: saddled, saddler, saddlery, saddles, saddling, unsaddle+/saddler: saddlers/saddlery: saddleries/unsaddle: unsaddled, unsaddles, unsaddling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s the same situation, financially struggling and trying to get myself back into the saddle,” Mr. Canunayon said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The expansion will add 14,000 square feet to the Saddle Peak Lodge to provide more room for the ski school and additional lockers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Poor old Ebenezer Scrooge, saddled with that sharp and ungainly first name.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 马鞍; （自行车或摩托车的）车座; 鞍形架，鞍状物; （动物的）脊肉
vt. & vi. 给（马）装鞍
vt. 使承担
时态：saddled, saddling, saddles
分布：鞍(88%)，车座(7%)，装以马鞍(1%)，使负担(1%)，当权(1%)，装马鞍(1%)，山脊(1%)
→来自古英语 sadol,马鞍，来自 Proto-Germanic*sathulaz,座位，来自 sed,坐，坐下，词源 同 sit,,seat,sedentary.
n.鞍,马鞍,鞍状物The odd man added an additional riddle to the middle of the saddle.那个怪人把一个额外的谜语添加到鞍座中间.
【记】sad＝sit（v 坐），dle：坐的地方－马鞍，引申为“承受”
noun
SEAT 座位
 ADVANCED countable
■a seat, often made of leather, used on a horse, bicycle, motorcycle, etc. 马鞍；（脚踏车、摩托车等的）座垫，鞍座
• He swung himself into the saddle and rode off. 他跨上马鞍，骑马走了。
⇒ See also sidesaddle
in the saddle
■riding a horse 骑马
■in charge or in control 掌握，控制
• The chairman is back in the saddle after his heart attack. 心脏病愈之后，主席又重新掌权了。
['sæd.l] noun
MEAT 肉
countable or uncountable
■a large piece of meat taken from the middle of the back of an animal （动物的）脊肉
• saddle of lamb 羊脊肉
['sæd.l] verb transitive
■to put a saddle on a horse 给（马）套上马鞍
• She saddled (up) the horse for her friend. 她为朋友备好了马鞍。
['sæd.l] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  saddle sb with sth informal
■to give someone a responsibility or problem which they do not want and which will cause them a lot of work or difficulty 使（某人）负担，使（某人）承担（重任或难题）
• The company is saddled with debt. 公司负债累累。
n. 鞍，鞍状物； [车辆] 车座；拖具
 - sella
vt. 承受；使负担；装以马鞍
 - absorb, burden

Word: turning
Front: turning
[ˈtɜ:nɪŋ] (四六雅 6215/6345 -1)
Back: n. 旋转; 转向; 转弯处; 车工工艺
v. 转动; 扭转; （使）变成; “turn”的现在分词
分布：转向(43%)，旋转(37%)，回转(20%)
US ['tɝ:-] noun countable
■a place, especially a road, track or path, where you can leave the road you are on （尤指路的）转弯处，岔路口
• Take the third turning on the left after the traffic lights. 过了红绿灯，在第三个拐弯处向左转。
n. 转向；旋转；回转；转弯处
 - revolution, rotation, rolling
v. 旋转（turn的ing形式）
 - rotating, swimming, spinning

Word: wretched
Front: wretched
[ˈretʃɪd] (研六雅宝 11796/7789 -1)
Vocabulary: wretched
(once / 179 pages)
adj
The fairy tale Cinderella gives us many examples of uses for the word wretched. Poor Cinderella had a wretched childhood, living in wretched conditions with a wretched stepmother. It would be enough to make anyone feel wretched, or absolutely terrible.
Wretched is an all-around unhappy word. If you're very ill, heartbroken, or riddled with guilt, you may feel wretched. This word is also used to describe awful living conditions. If your cabin at sleep-away camp is freezing cold and rat-infested, you could describe it as wretched. And if you truly don't like someone, you might call that person wretched — though maybe not to his or her face.
WORD FAMILY
wretched: wretcheder, wretchedest, wretchedly, wretchedness+/wretchedness: wretchednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
She details the wretched behavior of those uncles, all sons of the famously mad King George III, who gradually cleared a path for her.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Brazil’s wretched year got worse on November 28th when a chartered plane crashed into muddy slopes near Medellín, Colombia’s second-biggest city.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
An estimated quarter-million people are trapped in wretched conditions in rebel-held eastern Aleppo since the government sealed its siege of the enclave in late August.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不幸的，悲惨的，可怜的; 卑鄙的; 恶劣的; （用于表示烦恼）讨厌的
分布：可怜的(43%)，不幸的(23%)，悲惨的(16%)，恶劣的(10%)，卑鄙的(7%)，质量差的(1%)
a.可怜的;悲惨的;肮脏的;恶劣的The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
adjective
■unhappy, unpleasant or of low quality 苦恼的；不幸的；素质差的
• a wretched childhood 不幸的童年
• The house was in a wretched state. 这所房子状况很糟。
■used to express anger （表示憎恶）讨厌的，该死的
• My wretched car's broken down again. 我那该死的车又抛锚了。
■very ill or very unhappy 病得厉害的；不愉快的
• I think I must be coming down with flu - I've been feeling wretched all day. 我觉得我定是得流感了——我一整天都很不舒服。
unhappy, miserable, wretched, sorry
这组词都有“不幸的”的意思，其区别是：
unhappy: 侧重指精神上的不快或失望。
miserable: 指因贫穷、不幸或屈辱等外部因素给人造成精神痛苦、烦恼或肉体折磨，令人同情和可怜。
wretched: 多指由于疾病、担忧、忧伤等造成的不幸和痛苦，在外表上显得沮丧、可怜、失望，语气比miserable强。
sorry: 常作礼貌用词，表遗憾、婉惜。也指说话人表示同情、悲哀等，感情色彩较强。
adj. 可怜的；卑鄙的；令人苦恼或难受的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: guidebook
Front: guidebook
[ˈgaɪdbʊk] (11804/12943)
Back: n. 旅行指南
分布：旅行指南(81%)，参考手册(19%)
['gaɪd.bʊk] (also guide)
noun countable
■a book which gives information for visitors about a place, such as a city or country 旅行指南
• a guidebook to Montreal 蒙特利尔旅游指南
n. 旅行指南；指导手册
 - baedeker

Word: mischief
Front: mischief
[ˈmɪstʃɪf] (研六雅 11810/9589 -1)
Vocabulary: mischief
(once / 204 pages)
n
People who pull pranks, make jokes, and do things that annoy other people — but aren't really awful — are good at mischief.
Mischief is a word for things that are a little bad or reckless but ultimately harmless. Hitting someone with a spitball is mischief. Hitting them with a rock is dangerous and therefore much worse than mischief. Making mischief can be fun, as long as it doesn't get out of hand. People who do a lot of mischief are called "mischievous."
WORD FAMILY
mischief: mischiefs, mischievous +/ mischievous: mischievouser, mischievousest, mischievously, mischievousness/mischievousness: mischievousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The subtitle of Banks' book is "Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Guerrilla Warfare in the EU Referendum Campaign".
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Obama also hinted at additional retaliation, possibly unannounced, and we believe it would be justified to deter future mischief.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But an investigation by the Spokane County Regional Animal Protection Service determined her mastiff and pit bull-Dalmation mix — named Mischief and Diesel, respectively — were responsible.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 损害，危害; 顽皮，淘气; 恶作剧; 祸根
分布：恶作剧(53%)，淘气(22%)，伤害(13%)，损害(11%)，捣蛋鬼(1%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，-chief,头，词源同captain,chief.此处用于比喻义发生，露头，即坏事发生的苗头，不幸，厄运，恶意，伤害。后词义弱化为指小孩淘气，恶作剧。
n.损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,胡闹;灾祸The thief chief achieved the theft of a handkerchief for mischief.贼首领完成了偷手帕的恶作剧.
noun
uncountable
■behaviour, especially a child's, which is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage （尤指儿童的）恶作剧，淘气，捣蛋
• He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into mischief. 他需要培养一个爱好让他有事可忙，不再调皮捣蛋。
• Perhaps a new bike would keep him out of mischief. 也许一辆新脚踏车会让他不再淘气。
• I hope you haven't been up to any mischief while I was away. 我希望我不在时你没有搞甚么恶作剧。
countable
■a mischievous child 顽皮的小孩，淘气鬼
uncountable informal
■damage or harm 损害；伤害；危害
• criminal mischief 刑事毁坏
['mɪs.tʃɪf] noun
do sb/yourself a mischief UK informal
■to hurt someone or yourself 伤害（某人）／自己
• You'll do yourself a mischief if you're not careful with that knife. 如果你用那把刀时不小心，就会弄伤自己。
['mɪs.tʃɪf] noun
make mischief old-fashioned
■to say something which causes other people to be upset or annoyed with each other 搬弄是非，挑拨离间，制造不和
• My children often try to make mischief between me and my new husband. 我的孩子常常试图在我和我的新丈夫之间制造不和。
n. 恶作剧；伤害；顽皮；不和
 - harm, trick

Word: cool
Front: cool
[ku:l] (中高 1451/2478 -K4)
Vocabulary: cool
(once / 73 pages)
1adjnv 2adjn 3adj 4adj
When the weather is cool, it's not quite cold but not warm either. When people are cool, they're mellow and in control.
Cool has many meanings. When the weather goes from 70 degrees to 50, it cooled off. A winning pool player who starts losing also cools off. Drinking lemonade on a hot day is yet another way to cool off. When you lose your temper, you lose your cool. Hot cookies should cool before you eat them. Something fashionable is cool, but if you're cool to an idea, you're not so sure about it. Any situation that becomes less intense has cooled.
WORD FAMILY
cool: coolant, cooled, cooler, coolest, cooling, coolingly, coolly, coolness, cools, uncool+/coolant: coolants/cooler: coolers/coolness: coolnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A strong El Niño brought high temperatures early in the year; a follow-up La Niña cooled things back down.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The ambient air is Newark’s, but filtered, ventilated, heated, and cooled.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Crows soared above sandstone walls as we ran our hands along petrified sand dunes and felt cool mystery.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 冷静的; 凉爽的; 一流的; 孤傲冷漠的
vt. & vi. （使）变凉; （使）冷静，使冷却; 变凉，冷却; 平息
n. 凉气，凉快的地方; 凉爽，凉爽的空气
时态：cooled, cooling, cools
分布：凉爽(31%)，冷静(24%)，凉爽的(12%)，凉快(10%)，凉的(7%)，冷静的(5%)，变凉(4%)，冷静下来(4%)，冷静地(2%)，冷漠的(1%)
→来自*gel, 冷，词源同cold, jelly.
a.凉的;冷静的n.凉快ad.冷静地v.使变凉The scholar foolishly took the school cooling pool for swimming pool.学者愚蠢的把学校的冷却池当成游泳池.
adjective
COLD 冷的
 ESSENTIAL
■slightly cold; of a low temperature 凉的，冷的
• cool water 凉水
• cool weather 冷天
 ESSENTIAL
■slightly cold in a pleasant way 凉爽的，凉快的
• It was a lovely cool evening. 那是个凉爽的夜晚。
• How do you manage to look so cool in this hot weather? 这么热的天你怎么看上去会这么凉快？
 IMPROVER
■describes a temperature which is slightly too cold （气温）稍冷的，凉的
• It 's a bit cool in here, isn't it? I think I'll close the window. 这里有点凉，是不是？我想关上窗户。
[ku:l] adjective
CALM 平静的
■calm and not worried or frightened; not influenced by strong feeling of any type 冷静的，沉着的，从容的
• He was very cool and calm about the mishap, and didn't shout or lose his temper. 面对意外事故他十分冷静，既没大喊大叫也没发脾气。
• Stay/Keep cool (= Do not become angry or excited). 保持镇静。
be cool with sth mainly US informal
■to be happy to accept a situation or suggestion 乐于接受（某一情况或建议）
• Yeah, we could leave later - I'm cool with that. 是，我们可以晚点走——我没意见。
[ku:l] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■describes colours, such as blue or green, that make you feel calm and relaxed （颜色）冷色调的，给人凉爽感觉的
• The bedroom was painted a lovely cool blue. 睡房漆成了清爽的蓝色。
[ku:l] adjective
UNFRIENDLY 不友好的
■unfriendly or not being kind or showing interest in something or someone 不友好的；冷淡的；冷漠的
• She was decidedly cool towards me. 她对我显然很冷淡。
• I got a rather cool reception / welcome this evening. What do you think I've done wrong? 我今晚受到了冷淡的对待。你觉得我做错了甚么？
[ku:l] adjective
FASHIONABLE 时髦的 informal
■fashionable or attractive 时髦的；吸引人的；酷的
• Angie's got some cool new sunglasses. 安吉有副很酷的新太阳眼镜。
• Now I know it won't look very cool, but this hat will keep the sun out of your eyes. 我知道戴上这顶帽子看起来不会很时髦，可是它能遮挡刺眼的阳光。
[ku:l] adjective
(as) cool as a cucumber
■very calm or very calmly, especially when this is surprising （尤指出奇地）镇静，冷静，泰然自若
• She walked in as cool as a cucumber, as if nothing had happened. 她泰然自若地走进来，好像甚么事也没发生过。
[ku:l] adjective
cool customer informal
■someone who stays calm and does not show their emotions, even in a difficult situation 冷静的人，沉着的人，镇静的人
[ku:l] adjective
keep a cool head
■to stay calm in a difficult situation 保持冷静
• I don't know how you manage to keep such a cool head in such a hectic, stressful office! 我不知道在这样紧张忙乱的办公室你是如何做到头脑冷静的！
[ku:l] adjective exclamation informal
 IMPROVER
■excellent; very good 好极了（的），棒极了（的），顶呱呱（的）
• "So how was the concert?" "It was cool!" “音乐会怎么样？”“棒极了！”
• "Do you want to come with us?" "Yeah, cool!" “你想和我们一起去吗？”“噢，太好了！”
[ku:l] noun
COLD 冷的
the cool
only singular
■the pleasant, slightly cold temperature of a place 凉快，凉爽
• He loved the cool of the early morning. 他喜欢清晨的凉意。
• She left the midday sun for the cool of the shade. 她避开正午的阳光走到阴凉处。
[ku:l] noun
CALM 平静的
uncountable informal
■a person's ability to stay calm and not become angry or excited 冷静，沉着，从容
• keep your cool 保持冷静
• He really lost his cool when he heard about what happened. 当了解到发生了甚么事情的时候，他完全失去了冷静。
[ku:l] verb
BECOME COLD 变冷
intransitive or transitive
■to cause something to become slightly colder （使）冷却；（使）变凉；（使）凉爽
• Leave the cake to cool for an hour before cutting it. 把蛋糕冷却一小时后再切。
• He took off his shoes to cool his sweaty feet. 他脱掉鞋晾一晾出汗的脚。
[ku:l] verb
BECOME LESS 冷淡下来
intransitive (also cool off)
■If a feeling cools, it starts to become less strong （感情）冷静下来，平静下来，冷淡下来
• They were desperately in love to begin with, but I think it's starting to cool off now. 一开始他们爱得死去活来，但我觉得现在开始冷淡下来了。
• Their interest in the project seems to be cooling. 他们对该专案的兴趣似乎在下降。
[ku:l] verb
cool it slang
■used to tell someone to become calm, rather than be violent （用于告诉别人）冷静点，沉住气，息怒
• Just cool it everyone, fighting won't solve anything. 大家冷静，打架解决不了任何问题。
[ku:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cool (sb/sth) down/off
■to become less hot, or to make someone or something become less hot （使）冷却下来，（使）降温；（使）凉快下来
• She waited until her coffee had cooled down before taking a sip. 她一直等到咖啡凉下来才饮了一小口。
• We went for a swim to cool off. 我们去游泳好凉快一下。
[ku:l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cool (sb) down/off
■to stop feeling angry after an argument, or to stop someone else feeling angry after an argument （使）（某人）冷静下来；（使）（某人）平静下来
• Leave her to cool off and then talk to her. 让她一个人冷静冷静，然后再跟她谈。
cool, icy, cold, chilly, freezing, frosty
这组词都有“冷、凉”的意思，其区别是：
cool: 指既不太热也不太冷。
icy: 多指风暴、风雪和水等冷得使人感到如刺如割。
cold: 最普通用词，强调缺乏温暖，使人不舒服。
chilly: 指使哆嗦的冷。
freezing: 指使人僵直，使东西凝固的冷。
frosty: 指雾气在寒冷物体的表面凝结成薄冰时的严寒结霜的温度。
adj. 凉爽的；冷静的；出色的
 - philosophical, cracking
vt. 使…冷却；使…平静下来
 - still
vi. 变凉；平息
 - subside, blow over
adv. 冷静地
 - calmly, soberly

Word: wanted
Front: wanted
[ˈwɒntɪd] (11782/13788)
Back: adj. 受通缉的; 被征求的
v. 缺少( want的过去式和过去分词 ); 应该; 打算; 需要…在场
分布：动词want的过去式及过去分词.(50%)，受到通缉的(50%)
→比喻用法。
US ['wɑ:n.ɪd] adjective
■wished for and loved by other people 为人们渴望和喜爱的
• She was a much wanted baby. 她是父母盼望已久的婴儿。
■being searched for by the police because of a crime （因犯罪）被警方通缉的
• He's a wanted man. 他是个通缉犯。
v. 想要；渴望（want的过去分词）
 - desired

Word: exhale
Front: exhale
[eksˈheɪl] (托宝 11798/22570 -1)
Vocabulary: exhale
(once / 1560 pages)
v
When you breathe, you inhale and exhale. In other words, you breathe in and out. When you breathe out, you exhale.
If you exhale on a cold winter day, your breath looks like smoke in the frigid air. Yoga classes, with their emphasis on breathing, involve a lot of inhaling and exhaling. When you exhale, your lungs push air out, reducing the carbon dioxide in your body and making room for you to inhale oxygen. The Latin root exhalare combines ex, "out," and halare, "breathe."
WORD FAMILY
exhale: exhalation, exhaled, exhales, exhaling+/exhalation: exhalations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Exhale deeply, then inhale while depressing the handle of the machine, filling your lungs with nitrous oxide instead of oxygen.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
It was — and I found this shocking because socializing is usually stressful for me — an exhale moment.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
It was Glenn’s own voice, a short time later, that allowed the world to exhale.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 发散出; 放出，放射; 使蒸发; [医]渗出
vi. 呼气; 放出; 发散
时态：exhaled, exhaling, exhales
分布：呼气(93%)，散发(7%)
→ex-, 向外。hale, 呼气。
呼气(ex+hale气→出气→呼气)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
呼气(ex出+hal+e)[hal,halit=breathe,表示"呼吸']
【记】ex出，hale气－呼气；参：inhale（v 吸气）
【参】exhalation（n 呼出；呼气；发散物）
US ['--] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to send air out of your lungs 呼出，吐出（肺中的空气），呼气
• Take a deep breath in then exhale into the mouthpiece. 深呼吸，然后将气吹入吹口中。
Compare inhale
vt. 呼气；发出；发散；使蒸发
 - emit, to send out
vi. 呼气；发出；发散
 - to send out, give off

Word: fray
Front: fray
[freɪ] (托宝 11825/14441 -1)
Vocabulary: fray
(once / 711 pages)
1v 2n
Fray is all about friction––a frayed rope has been rubbed so much its fibers are wearing away. People experiencing friction––fighting loudly––are involved in a fray.
If you have had a long day and feel like you're about to break down, you might say you are frayed. If students are arguing in class about whether nature or nurture is to blame for human problems, a teacher might stay out of the fray, letting the students reach their own conclusions.
WORD FAMILY
fray: frayed, fraying, frays
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Bible, its pages browned and frayed at their edges, seemed liable to crumble at the slightest touch.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Still, Israel is undergoing significant demographic changes that are fraying the idea of a common Israeli identity.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Donna Dye looked in the mirror not long ago and was stunned by the bags under her eyes, the frayed edges of her ponytail.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使布、绳等）磨损，磨破; 使（关系，神经等）紧张; 〈古〉吓唬，使惊恐; 〈古〉吵架，打架
n. 打斗，争吵; 争辩; （织物等的）磨损处
时态：frayed, fraying, frays
分布：磨损(36%)，紧张(20%)，吵架(20%)，磨损处(6%)，吵闹(6%)，争斗(6%)，恼火(6%)
→来自拉丁语fricare, 磨损，刮擦，词源同friction, dentifrice.fray 烦燥，恼火，吵架
【记】flay（vt 剥皮；抢夺；严厉批评）中的l像刀，可以剥皮，抢劫fray中的r像嘴－吵架
【区】foray（n 突袭）for ray：为了光明
verb
CLOTH 布料
intransitive or transitive
■to become or to cause the threads in cloth or rope to become slightly separated, forming loose threads at the edge or end （使）（布料或绳子）磨损，（使）磨散
• Denim frays so easily. 丁尼布很容易磨损。
• I'd frayed the edges of my jeans as that was the fashion in those days. 我把牛仔裤的边磨毛了，在那个时代这样很时髦。
[freɪ] verb
BECOME ANNOYED 使烦躁
intransitive
■If your temper frays or your nerves fray, you gradually become upset or annoyed （渐渐地）烦躁，恼火
• Tempers frayed as thousands of motorists began the Christmas holiday with long waits in traffic jams. 圣诞假期一开始就有数千人开着车排成长龙拥堵在道路上，令大家恼火不已。
[freɪ] verb
fray around/at the edges
■to start to become less effective or successful 分崩离析；开始失效；开始走向失败
• Without the unifying forces of the army and the monarchy, it seems, the nation would begin to fray at the edges. 要不是军队和君主政体相结合，该国看来就会分崩离析了。
[freɪ] noun only singular
the fray
■an energetic and often not well organized effort, activity, fight or disagreement （常指乱糟糟的）干劲十足的努力，充满活力的活动；激战；激烈争吵
• With a third country about to enter (= take part in) the fray, the fighting looks set to continue. 由于有第三国要加入冲突，战斗看来很可能会继续下去。
• A good holiday should leave you feeling refreshed and ready for the fray (= ready to work) again. 好好度一个假应该能使人感到精神振奋，为重新投入忙碌的工作作好准备。
n. 争论；打架；磨损处
 - controversy, combat, fight
vt. 使磨损；变得令人紧张、急躁
 - scuff

Word: dislike
Front: dislike
[dɪsˈlaɪk] (高研四六 6813/4949 -K2)
Vocabulary: dislike
(once / 248 pages)
nv
Put simply, to dislike can be used as a transitive verb that means to "not like." Maybe you dislike spinach. But it can also be a noun, as in "You seem to have developed quite a dislike for spinach."
English being a language of trial-and-error, the word dislike came about in the mid-16th Century, as modern English was still in its infancy. At that time, some words were tried and discarded, to be replaced with others that stuck. That was the case with dislike, which developed after the word "mislike" was dropped as the opposite of "like." Speaking of prefixes, don't confuse the word dislike with "unlike," which means that something is different from something else.
WORD FAMILY
dislike: dislikable, disliked, dislikes, disliking+/ likable: likably/ like: dislike, likable, likeable, liked, likely, likeness, likes, likest, liking, unlike/likeable: likeably/ likelihood: likelihoods, unlikelihood/ likely: likelihood, likeliness, likelys, unlikely/ likeness: likenesses/liking: likings/unlike: unlikable, unlikeable, unlikeness/unlikelihood: unlikelihoods/unlikeliness: unlikelinesses/unlikely: unlikeliness/unlikeness: unlikenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
As for why he is widely disliked, Kiffin offered a theory involving his age and ex-wife.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The governor hasn’t kept his dislike of Clinton - and her husband Bill - a secret.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
When I met him, he was very immature and generally a jerk to almost everyone, including my friends, who all still dislike him.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 不喜欢; 厌恶
n. 厌憎; 讨厌
时态：disliked, disliking, dislikes
分布：不喜欢(82%)，厌恶(10%)，反感(5%)，不喜爱(3%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。like, 喜欢。
不喜欢(dis+like喜爱→不喜爱)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
n./v.不喜欢,厌恶Wherever I go, nowhere I like; I dislike everywhere.无论我到哪里,没有哪里为我喜欢,我讨厌每一个地方.
【反】penchant（n 强烈的倾向）；predilection（n 爱好；偏袒）
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to not like someone or something 不喜欢，讨厌
• Why do you dislike her so much? 你为甚么这么不喜欢她？
• [+ -ing verb] I dislike walking and I hate the countryside. 我不喜欢走路，而且讨厌乡村。
[dɪ'slaɪk] noun
[S or U]
■a feeling of not liking something or someone 不喜欢，厌恶
• She has a dislike of cold weather. 她不喜欢寒冷的天气。
• I'm afraid Dad took an instant dislike to (= decided he does not like) this new boyfriend of yours. 依我看，爸爸恐怕不喜欢你的这个新男友。
countable usually plural
■something that you do not like 不喜欢的东西，讨厌的东西
• His main dislikes about work are the noise and dust in the factory. 他不喜欢工作的主要原因是工厂里噪音和粉尘太大。
disgust, hate, dislike
这组词都有“不喜欢”的意思，其区别是：
disgust: 指对令人不快、生厌或坏的东西或行为怀有强烈的憎恶。
hate: 指因对某人或某事强烈不满或反感，或因利害关系等而产生憎恨。
dislike: 普通用词，指任何程度的憎恶，但永远指正面的憎恶和反对。
vt. 不喜欢，厌恶
 - hate, have no relish for
n. 嫌恶，反感，不喜爱
 - hate, detestation

Word: manhood
Front: manhood
[ˈmænhʊd] (11813/14957 -1)
Vocabulary: manhood
(once / 458 pages)
n
The word manhood describes both the adult period in a male human's life, and the qualities that make him a man. Some people believe that a boy reaches manhood when he hits puberty, while others maintain that manhood is based on becoming independent and responsible. Peter Pan just opted out.
Teenage boys sometimes do dangerous things to "prove their manhood," like driving recklessly or getting in fights. It's not uncommon to equate manhood with "macho" characteristics and behavior, but the true proof of manhood lies in things like being a good father or becoming a responsible and caring adult. In the thirteenth century, manhood applied to both men and women, "state of being human," from the Old English man, "person."
WORD FAMILY
manhood: manhoods+/foreman: foremanship, foremen/ man: foreman, maned, manful, manhood, maning, manlike, manly, manned, manning, mannish, mans, men, superman, unman/manful: manfuler, manfully, manfulness, unmanful/manlike: manlikely, unmanlike/manliness: manlinesss/ manly: manlier, manliest, manliness, unmanly/manned: undermanned/mannish: mannishly/ men: mens/superman: supermen/unman: unmanned, unmanning, unmans/unmanful: unmanfully/unmanly: unmanliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
His rigid ideas about work, responsibility and manhood constitute not a demand for attention, but an assertion of dignity.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
This way of imagining manhood amplifies the worst messages our culture offers – that men should not demonstrate pain and vulnerability or seek help.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
For whatever reason, most golfers view letting others ahead as a shot to their manhood.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 成年; 男子; 男子气概; 刚毅之气
分布：成年(63%)，男子气概(26%)，勇气(11%)
→man,男人，-hood,名词后缀。比喻用法。
成年[-hood表名词"时期,性质等"]
noun
uncountable
■the state of being a man （男性的）成年（期）
• The story is seen through the eyes of a boy on the verge of manhood. 故事是从一个快成年的男孩的角度写的。
• A celebration is held for the boy at the age when he is considered to have reached manhood. 男孩到了公认为已届成年的年龄时，人们会为他举行一个庆祝仪式。
uncountable
■the qualities that are considered typical of a man 男子气概，男子气
• Tall, square-jawed and handsome, this young actor is Hollywood's ideal of manhood. 这个青年男演员高大英俊、下巴方正，是好莱坞男子汉形象的模范。
uncountable literary
■men, especially all the men of a particular country 男子（尤指某一国家的全部男子）
• The flower of the nation's manhood (= the best young men in the country) was killed in the war. 这个国家最优秀的青年男子都死于战争。
uncountable mainly humorous
■a man's ability to express or experience sexual feelings （男子的）性能力
• Why do you think he needs to have so many women around him - is it just a way of proving his manhood? 你觉得他需要那么多女人在身边是为甚么——只是为了证明他的性能力？
only singular humorous
■penis 阴茎
• Careful you don't trap your manhood in your zip! 小心拉拉链，别夹住你的命根子！
n. 成年；男子；男子气概
 - majority, adulthood

Word: childish
Front: childish
[ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ] (四 11788/8733 -1)
Vocabulary: childish
(once / 417 pages)
adj
If you act immature or bratty, you're being childish. A childish dinner guest might pout because you didn't make dessert.
While the adjective childish is sometimes used to simply mean "like a child," it's more common to use childlike in this way. When your teacher comments that your chattering during class is childish behavior, she means that you're acting as juvenile as a four year old child. This negative implication has been attached to childish since the 15th century. The word comes from the Old English cildisc, "proper to a child."
WORD FAMILY
childish: childishest, childishly, childishness+/ child: childhood, childish, childless, childlike, childly, children, childs/childhood: childhoods/childishness: childishnesses/childless: childlessly, childlessness/childlike: childlikely
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sheriff Jones should be bringing this country together instead of staging childish publicity stunts,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
So if actors get upset, or they act childlike, or childish, or anything, I am totally sympathetic with them.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
He wrote a note apologizing to his mother and saying “as childish as it sounds, I wish I was in your arms.”
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 幼稚的; 孩子气的; 不复杂的
分布：幼稚的(68%)，孩子气的(32%)
→来自child, 儿童。
孩子气的(child孩子)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
adjective
 ADVANCED
■typical of a child 孩子的；孩子气的；稚嫩的
• childish handwriting 稚嫩的笔迹
■disapproving
■If an adult is childish, they behave badly in a way that would be expected of a child （成人）孩子气的，幼稚的
• He wasn't enjoying the occasion so he thought he'd spoil it for everyone else - it was very childish of him. 他并不喜欢这样的场合，所以就想给大家搞破坏了——真是太幼稚了。
Compare childlike
childish, childlike
childish: 幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike: 孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.
adj. 幼稚的，孩子气的
 - tender, puerile

Word: RBI
Front: RBI
[.ɑː(r) biː 'aɪ] (10363/-)
Back: abbr. 打点（Run Batted In）
分布：打点(100%)

Word: discretionary
Front: discretionary
[dɪˈskreʃənəri] (宝 11809/8242 -1)
Vocabulary: discretionary
(once / 5584 pages)
adj
Discretionary means it's up to you to decide. Bathing regularly is a discretionary act, so you can opt not to do it if you want; note, however, that your friends might disagree with us on this.
Discretionary is often used to describe money that isn’t designated for a particular purpose. It’s up to the people in charge to decide how discretionary funds should be spent. Discretionary comes from the word discretion, which can be used to mean “the right to decide something based on one’s own judgment.” If you're given a task to complete at your discretion, you can decide how you want to do it — or whether you want to do it at all.
WORD FAMILY
discretion: discretional, discretionary, discretions, indiscretion +/discretional: discretionally/ indiscretion: indiscretions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its budget at the time of the report was roughly $580 billion - more than half of all federal discretionary spending.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Yet those who need to work two jobs are also those with the least discretionary income to spend on robotic cribs for their children.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
The most generous federal programs cap payments at 10% of a borrower’s discretionary income.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 任意的; 自由决定的; 酌情行事的; 便宜行事的
分布：自由裁量的(100%)
【反】obligatory（adj 强制性的）；mandatory（adj 命令的；强制的）
US [-er-] formal
adjective
■decided by officials and not fixed by rules （由官员）自行决定的，自主的
• a discretionary grant 自主拨款
• Judges have great discretionary powers. 法官有很大的自主权。
adj. 任意的；自由决定的
 - random, arbitrary

Word: connecting
Front: connecting
[kə'nektɪŋ] (11833/11753)
Back: n. 连接，管接头，套管
v. 连接( connect的现在分词 ); 把…看作有关联; 由…联想到; 给…接通电话
分布：连接的(88%)，动词connect的现在分词.(12%)
adjective
■joining or being joined 连接的；联结的；相连的，相通的
• There's a connecting corridor between the buildings. 大楼之间有相连的走廊。
• connecting rooms 相通的房间
n. [计] 连接；管接头，套管
 - junction, linking, join
adj. [计] 连接的
 - linked, joint
v. [计] 连接（connect的ing形式）
 - coupling, conjoining

Word: generational
Front: generational
[ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃənl] (11821/26228)
Back: adj. 生育的，世代的
分布：世代的(100%)
ADJ
一代的；两代之间的
Generational means relating to a particular generation, or to the relationship between particular generations.
例：People's lifestyles are usually fixed by generational habits and fashions.人们的生活方式通常取决于那一代的生活习惯和流行时尚。
例：...a generational conflict within the Asian community.亚裔群体内部的代际冲突
adj. 一代的；生育的
 - birthing

Word: oval
Front: oval
[ˈəʊvl] (高研四六托雅 6604/9791 -2)
Back: adj. 椭圆形的; 卵形的
n. 椭圆形; 椭圆运动场（等）; 椭圆，美式足球用球; [物]卵形线
分布：椭圆(78%)，椭圆形的(17%)，卵形的(3%)，椭圆形跑道(2%)
→来自拉丁语ovum,卵，蛋，来自oyyo,卵，蛋，词源同egg.
a.卵形的,椭圆形的n.卵形,椭圆形There are many oval stones at the bottom of the stream.在小河底上有许多卵形的石头.
US ['oʊ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■shaped like a circle that is flattened either at one place or at two opposite places, so that it is like either an egg or an ellipse 椭圆形的；卵形的
• an oval mirror 椭圆形镜子
• an oval face 鹅蛋脸
adj. 椭圆的； [数] 卵形的
 - elliptical, ovate
n. 椭圆形； [数] 卵形
 - ellipse, elliptical shape

Word: attrition
Front: attrition
[əˈtrɪʃn] (托宝 11848/19611 -1)
Vocabulary: attrition
(once / 7155 pages)
1n 2n
Attrition is a gradual process of wearing down, weakening, or destroying something.
When a company wants to reduce its payroll without firing anyone, it will sometimes do so through attrition; that is, by waiting for people to retire or quit without hiring anyone new to replace them. In a more general sense, the word means break down, wear out, or reduce in numbers. A triple overtime basketball game, with many players fouling out, is a war of attrition. When you see the word attrition, think "Gradually chipping away."
WORD FAMILY
attrition: attritional, attritions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In exchange, The Times guaranteed lifetime employment for 800 printers, whose jobs disappeared through attrition.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That would account for attrition and grow its workforce by about 3,500 people, to 18,000 employees.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Attrition is an issue, with about 17 percent of all newbie teachers leaving the profession within five years of entering it.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 消耗; 消磨; 摩擦; （神学）不彻底的忏悔
分布：消耗(72%)，摩擦(26%)，人员耗损(2%)
→前缀at-同ad-. -tri,同turn, 转，磨。
noun uncountable slightly formal
■gradually making something weaker and destroying it, especially the strength or confidence of an enemy by repeatedly attacking it （尤指给敌人的力量或自信造成的）消耗，损耗，削弱
• Terrorist groups and the government have been engaged in a costly war of attrition since 1968. 自1968年以来，恐怖主义组织和政府之间一直在进行两败俱伤的消耗战。
US for * natural wastage
n. 摩擦； [机] 磨损；消耗
 - friction, consumption

Word: workload
Front: workload
[ˈwɜ:kləʊd] (托雅 11837/8935 -1)
Back: n. （某一人或组织）工作量，工作负担
分布：工作量(100%)
US ['wɝ:k.loʊd] noun countable
■the amount of work to be done, especially by a particular person or machine in a period of time 工作量，工作负荷
• Teachers are always complaining about their heavy workloads. 教师总是抱怨他们繁重的工作。
• Students do find that their workload increases throughout the course. 学生确实发现，随着课程的推进，他们的作业量越来越大。
n. 工作量
 - load, working capacity

Word: taker
Front: taker
[ˈteɪkə(r)] (11830/13897 -1)
Back: n. 收取者; 接受者; 同意打赌的人，打赌者; 捕获者
分布：接受者(63%)，取者(30%)，收受者(7%)
US [-kɚ] noun
ACCEPT 接受
■someone who accepts or wants what someone is offering 接受者（接受或需要某人所赠之物的人）
few/no/not many takers
■few, no or not many people interested in what has been offered 几乎没有／没有／没有太多感兴趣者
• I put an advert in the paper to sell my bike but I haven't had any takers. 我在报纸登了一则广告，想卖掉我那辆自行车，可至今还没有人想买。
UK ['teɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
DRUG USER 吸毒者
■someone who uses a drug or medicine 吸毒者；服药者
• a drug taker 吸毒的人
UK ['teɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun
HOLD 持有
■someone who takes or holds someone or something 持有…者，拥有…者
• a hostage taker 劫持人质者
n. 接受者；接受打赌的人；捕获者
 - receiver, recipient

Word: prelude
Front: prelude
[ˈprelju:d] (托雅宝 11839/9954 -1)
Vocabulary: prelude
(once / 1349 pages)
nv
The prefix "pre-" means “before,” so it makes sense that a prelude is an introductory action, event or performance that comes before a bigger or more momentous one.
People speaking old school French and Latin understood a prelude to be the "notes sung or played to test the voice or instrument." Today preludes are more like introductions than practice, but you can still think of them as a small warm up to the main event. Preludes are often used in classical music, as well as in novels, to set the tone for the rest of the orchestral piece or story.
WORD FAMILY
prelude: preluded, preludes, preluding
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is offering buyouts to about 2,000 non-store employees, in what some say is a prelude to layoffs at the chain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Christmas Eve will begin with a 30-minute choral prelude, followed by a festival choral Eucharist.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
If the past is prelude, we might get another one.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 序曲，前奏曲; 开场戏，序幕; 前兆，预兆
v. 为…作序，开头; 成为…的序曲; 演奏序曲，唱开场戏
时态：preluded, preluding, preludes
分布：前奏(65%)，序幕(34%)，预兆(1%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-lud,玩，演奏，词源同allude,interlude.
序曲(pre+lude玩,演奏→先演奏→序曲)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】pre前，lude玩－前面玩的音乐－序幕，前奏
【参】premature（adj 未成熟的）
【反】coda（n 乐章尾声）
noun
INTRODUCTION 序言
countable usually singular
■something that comes before a more important event or action which introduces or prepares for it 序幕，先声，前奏
• The changes are seen as a prelude to wide-ranging reforms. 这些变革被视为大范围改革的序幕。
['prel.ju:d] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable specialized
■a short piece of music which introduces the main work 序曲
countable specialized
■a short independent piece of music written especially for the piano （尤指钢琴）前奏曲
n. 前奏；序幕；前奏曲
 - intrada, prolusion
vi. 作为序曲；奏序曲
 - sound off

Word: gingerly
Front: gingerly
[ˈdʒɪndʒəli] (宝 11787/15666 -1)
Vocabulary: gingerly
(once / 3237 pages)
advadj
If something needs to be done with great care and caution, you should do it gingerly — like gingerly holding a newborn baby or gingerly creeping down the creaky stairs when you're trying to sneak out.
Before it came to mean “extremely cautiously” in 1600, gingerly meant “elegantly, daintily.” In fact, it stems from the Latin word gentius, meaning “(well)-born.” But today it has less to do with elegance and more to do with a delicate touch, usually used to avoid hurting something or someone. For example, you might want to gingerly hug your friend with the broken rib to avoid making her wince in pain.
WORD FAMILY
ginger: gingered, gingering, gingerly, gingers, gingery
USAGE EXAMPLES
We step gingerly over a girl sitting to fix her broken shoe.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bishop stayed down for a moment before skating gingerly to the bench.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Around 100 men sleep on the second deck this evening, spooning one another to lie down, with others gingerly stepping over to use the bathroom.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 小心翼翼地; 慎重地
adj. 小心翼翼的; 谨慎的
分布：极度小心谨慎地(100%)
→词源不详，通常认为来自gently的拼写变体，原义为优雅的，引申义谨慎的。
【记】切ginger的时候要gingerly，小心手！吃炖肉的时候要gingerly因为ginger与肉很难分开！
US [-dʒɚ-] adverb
■in a way that is careful or cautious 谨慎地；小心翼翼地；轻手轻脚地
• Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench. 她用手按着疼痛的背部，小心翼翼地坐在长椅上。
adv. 小心翼翼地；慎重地
 - deliberately, cautiously
adj. 谨慎的；轻手轻脚的；慎重的
 - measured, cautious, prudent, wary

Word: GNP
Front: GNP
[.dʒiː en 'piː] (10372/7477 -2)
Back: abbr. 国民生产总值（gross national product）
noun uncountable specialized abbreviation for
■Gross National Product: the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year, including profits made in foreign countries 国民生产总值 Compare GDP

Word: waft
Front: waft
[wɒft] (宝 11800/15432 -1)
Vocabulary: waft
(once / 1307 pages)
nv
When your grandmother cooks her famous spaghetti sauce, many wonderful smells may waft from the kitchen. In other words, the air will gently carry this familiar aroma throughout the house.
Though the verb waft usually involves movement through air, it has watery roots. A "wafter" was a convoy ship in the 16th century, and these words may have derived from the similar looking wave. Waft can refer to scents, sounds, and even smoke. So, if your grandmother’s sauce begins to burn, smoke could waft from the kitchen as well.
WORD FAMILY
waft: wafted, wafting, wafts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The smell of chorizo wafted over the crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Our ancestors thought that “miasma”—the misty, vaporous stenches that waft from swampland—caused fatal diseases.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Odors from a nearby sewage treatment plant wafted through the air.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 吹送，飘送; 使飘荡; 漂浮
n. 一股; 一阵微风; 飘荡; 风信旗
时态：wafted, wafting, wafts
分布：飘荡(55%)，飘浮(20%)，风信旗(13%)，一股(6%)，一阵微风(6%)
→词源不详，可能来自wave变体，波浪，引申义飘荡。
【记】源于：raft（n 筏）－漂浮的感觉
US [wɑ:ft] literary
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause to) move gently through the air （使）（在空气中）飘荡
• A gentle breeze wafted the scent of roses in through the open window. 一阵微风将玫瑰的香味从敞开的窗子里送了进来。
• The sound of a flute wafted down the stairs. 长笛的声音飘到了楼下。
UK [wɒft] US [wɑ:ft] literary
noun countable
■a smell or smoke which moves through the air （使）（在空气中）飘荡
• Caroline caught the heady waft of the other woman's perfume. 卡洛琳闻到了另一个女人身上散发出来浓烈的香水味。
• A waft of smoke engulfed her. 她身上透着一股烟味。

Word: unprotected
Front: unprotected
[ˌʌnprəˈtektɪd] (11836/14177 -1)
Back: adj. 无保护（者）的; 无防卫的; 不受关税保护的
v. 无保护(unprotect的过去分词)
分布：无保护的(95%)，未做防护措施的(5%)
adjective
■not protected and therefore able to be harmed or damaged 无防备的；未受保护的
• Water and other liquids can stain unprotected wood surfaces. 水和其他液体会令未加保护的木材表面染色。
• Although some marine mammals are protected by environmental laws, many remain unprotected. 尽管有一些海洋哺乳动物受到了环境法的保护，但还有很多不在其中。
• The lack of a shell leaves the larvae unprotected against predators. 没有外壳保护使这些幼虫不能抵御天敌的捕食。
unprotected sex
■sexual activity without a condom 无防护措施的性行为
adj. 无保护的；未设防的；不受关税保护的
 - defenceless

Word: pellet
Front: pellet
[ˈpelɪt] (11829/8125 -1)
Vocabulary: pellet
(once / 3905 pages)
n
A pellet is a small, rounded piece of something, especially a compressed nugget of some material. Many pets eat food that comes in pellets, including some fish, rabbits, and guinea pigs.
You might feed your pet rat pellets each day, or heat your house by burning pellets made of compressed sawdust in a special kind of stove. When it hails or sleets, tiny pellets of ice fall from the sky, and your cousin's BB gun works by shooting tiny metal pellets from its barrel. Pellet is from the Old French pelote, "small ball," which has the Latin pelote, or "ball," as its root.
WORD FAMILY
pellet: pellets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Only the pollution released when wood pellets are produced and transported is counted on climate ledgers.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Investigators later determined that Trotter’s weapon was a pellet gun.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A spokesman later said the weapon was a pellet gun.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 小球; 小子弹; 石弹，炮弹; （货币等的）圆浮雕
v. 用小球扔; 用子弹射击; 将…制成丸状; 把…弄成小球形
分布：小球(83%)，小子弹(17%)
→来自拉丁语pila,球，球丸，词源同pill.-et,小词后缀。
noun countable
■a small hard ball or tube-shaped piece of any substance 小硬球；小丸；颗粒状物
• iron/lead/wax/plastic/paper pellets 铁／铅／蜡／塑胶／纸丸
• food pellets 食物颗粒
■the solid waste of particular animals （某些动物的）粪球
• rabbit/sheep pellets 兔／羊粪
■small metal objects that are shot from some types of gun （枪里射出的）小弹丸，子弹
• airgun pellets 空气枪子弹
• shotgun pellets 猎枪子弹
• a pellet gun 霰弹枪
n. 小球； [军] 小子弹（枪用）
 - glomeruli, spherule

Word: forbidden
Front: forbidden
[fəˈbɪdn] (11841/13970 -2)
Vocabulary: forbidden
(once / 370 pages)
adj
When something is forbidden, it's not allowed. You were forbidden to use your father's computer but you did it anyway — and that's why you're grounded.
You may recognize the phrase "forbidden fruit," which refers to a famous Bible story about Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. They ate an apple that God had forbidden them to eat, and there were terrible consequences. "Forbidden fruit" refers to something you want even more than you might otherwise, because you're not allowed to have it. If you know a little German, you may notice that forbidden sounds like its German equivalent, verboten.
WORD FAMILY
forbidden: forbiddenly+/ forbid: forbad, forbade, forbiddance, forbidden, forbidding, forbiding, forbids/forbidding: forbiddingly, forbiddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Physical contact was forbidden, and she wasn’t allowed to touch the baby, who was just learning to walk.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
At the local barbershop, a line of long-haired customers waited on wobbly plastic chairs for haircuts that were forbidden under Islamic State rule.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Beards were forbidden because they interfered with wearing gas masks.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不允许的，被禁止的; 禁用的
v. 禁止( forbid的过去分词)
分布：被禁止的(100%)
US [fɚ-] adjective
 IMPROVER
■not allowed, especially by law （尤指法律）禁止的，不准的
• Smoking is forbidden in the cinema. 戏院里禁止吸烟。
UK [fə'bɪd.ən] US [fɚ-] adjective
forbidden fruit literary
■something, especially something sexual, which is even more attractive because it is not allowed （尤指性的）禁果
• He was always drawn to other men's wives - the forbidden fruit. 他总是为有夫之妇所吸引，因为她们是禁果。
adj. 被禁止的；严禁的， [计] 禁用的
 - barred, embargoed

Word: helium
Front: helium
[ˈhi:liəm] (托 11819/17116 -1)
Vocabulary: helium
(once / 4835 pages)
n
The element helium is a colorless, odorless gas. Because helium is lighter than air, it's commonly used for filling balloons to make them float.
Because of the effect that helium has when lightweight objects are filled with it — making party balloons and parade floats hover in the air as if by magic — it's one of the best-known elements. Helium is almost always a gas, unless it's subjected to very extreme conditions, and it's been used at various times in military airships and weather balloons. The word helium comes from a Greek root, helios, or "sun," because it was initially discovered in the sun's spectrum.
WORD FAMILY
helium
USAGE EXAMPLES
The investigation narrowed in on three helium containers within the second-stage liquid oxygen tank.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The company determined the 2015 accident was caused by the rupture of a substandard metal piece supporting a pressurized helium vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Helium balloons declaring “Congratulations” floated above the long table.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. <化>氦
分布：氦(100%)
→来自希腊语helios,太阳。因这种元素发现于太阳光谱中而得名。
noun uncountable
■a gas that is lighter than air, will not burn, is an element and is used in balloons , airships and some types of lights 氦

Word: dissect
Front: dissect
[dɪˈsekt] (托宝 11844/14034 -1)
Vocabulary: dissect
(once / 1552 pages)
v
When you dissect a frog in science class, you cut it open to look at its inner organs. To dissect is to break something down to look at its parts.
Dissecting something allows you to look at it closely and understand it better. If your soccer team loses a match, you might want to dissect the game afterward to try to find exactly how and when things went wrong. Television analysts will often dissect a political speech to understand what was really being said, how true the statements were, and how well it was done.
WORD FAMILY
dissect: dissected, dissecting, dissection, dissects+/ dissection: dissections
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are many ways of dissecting the Brexit vote, but the starkest is by income.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
McSorley led Penn State’s 21-point comeback against Wisconsin in the Big Ten Conference title game by dissecting the Badgers’ secondary in the second half.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
When the frogs are dissected, they gloop and glop, their bellies splayed open and their impressive viscera sproinging this way and that.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 解剖; 仔细分析
vi. 进行解剖，进行详细分析
时态：dissected, dissecting, dissects
分布：解剖(72%)，详细分析(12%)，切细(8%)，仔细研究(8%)
→dis-, 分开。-sect, 剪，切，词源同section, segment.即解开，引申词义解剖。
解剖,切开(dis分开+sect→分开切→解剖)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
【记】dis分开，sect切－分开切－解剖dis分开，sect（n 宗派；部分）－把人分成部分－解剖
【参】dissection（n 解剖）＝analysis＝
verb transitive
■to cut open something, especially a dead body or a plant, and study its structure 解剖（尤指尸体或植物）
• In biology classes at school we used to dissect rats. 上学的时候，在生物课上我们经常解剖老鼠。
■to examine or consider something in detail 剖析，仔细分析
• He's the sort of person who watches a film and then dissects it for hours. 他是那种看完电影还要仔细分析上好几个小时的人。
vt. 切细；仔细分析
 - chop up, anatomize

Word: cosmology
Front: cosmology
[kɒzˈmɒlədʒi] (11855/17355)
Vocabulary: cosmology
(once / 9809 pages)
n
Cosmology is the study of the cosmos, which is the entire universe. Someone who studies cosmology is interested in the structure, origins, and development of the universe.
In cosmology, the major theory of the origin of the universe is the Big Bang Theory, the idea that 12 to 14 billion years ago, a small amount of hot, dense matter began expanding, eventually cooling and forming the stars and galaxies we know today. Cosmos comes from the Greek word kosmos, which means world or universe, and cosmology comes from cosmos. Don't confuse cosmology with cosmetology, which is the study of beauty treatments.
WORD FAMILY
cosmology: cosmological, cosmologies, cosmologist +/ cosmologist: cosmologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
She fled the city and the issue of cosmology.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She also received the National Medal of Science from President Bill Clinton in 1993 “for her pioneering research programs in observational cosmology”.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
David Marsh, of the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge University, is not giving up on inflation yet.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 宇宙学
分布：宇宙学(98%)，宇宙天体学(2%)
US [kɑ:z'mɑ:.lə-] noun countable or uncountable
■the study of the nature and origin of the universe, or a theory about it 宇宙起源论；宇宙学

Word: aristocratic
Front: aristocratic
[ˌærɪstəˈkrætɪk] (11815/8835)
Vocabulary: aristocratic
(once / 723 pages)
adj
The word aristocratic describes a person at the highest level of society — such as a prince or a duchess — or those people or things that are so distinguished that they seem to belong to that group.
First used around the 1560s, the adjective aristocratic has origins in the Greek word aristokratia, meaning "government, rule of the best." An aristocratic person usually gains this social status through birthright rather than demonstrated merit. Aristocratic can describe someone or something belonging to this group, like an aristocratic estate or an aristocratic leader, but it can also describe something grand and elegant. You might have an aristocratic expression on your face as you attend a formal party.
WORD FAMILY
aristocratic: aristocratically+/ aristocracy: aristocracies, aristocratic / aristocrat: aristocracy, aristocratical, aristocrats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
My droll, aristocratic Russian-history professor granted me an extension on the final term paper.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
In the 19th century educated liberals regarded nationalism as an expression of popular sovereignty against transnational aristocratic elites.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 贵族的，贵族气派的; 赞成贵族政治的，爱挑剔的
分布：贵族的(78%)，爱挑剔的(11%)，赞成贵族政治的(11%)
ADJ-GRADED
贵族的；贵族式的
Aristocratic means belonging to or typical of the aristocracy.
例：...a wealthy, aristocratic family...富有的贵族家庭
例：He laughed it off with aristocratic indifference.他带着贵族式的漠然对其一笑置之。
adj. 贵族的；贵族政治的；有贵族气派的
 - noble, nobiliary

Word: glitter
Front: glitter
[ˈglɪtə(r)] (研四六雅宝 11840/10754 -2)
Vocabulary: glitter
(once / 255 pages)
nv
A glitter is a sparkle or flash of light. To glitter is to gleam or shine, as if glistening with moisture.
Glitter isn’t just shiny stuff you use in craft projects. When used as a noun, glitter can refer to any kind of gleam, glint, spark, or flash of light, like the flicker of a firefly at night. This word can also be used as a verb. An ornate golden goblet glitters brightly — as does anything coated in a thick layer of glitter.
WORD FAMILY
glitter: glittered, glittering, glitters, glittery+/glittering: glitteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The red cantilevered stairways look like the ventricles of a heart coursing with glitter blood.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A separate operation was responsible for cleanup downtown on Fremont Street, the city's famous Glitter Gulch.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At first it was pretty standard fare: She posed, framed by feathers, as a glittering pop princess through a pristine, apparently lip-synced “Auld Lang Syne.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 闪烁，闪耀; 华丽夺目，炫耀
n. 灿烂的光辉; 闪烁; （表面的）诱惑力; 吸引力
时态：glittered, glittering, glitters
分布：闪烁(56%)，灿烂(24%)，辉耀(12%)，亮片(8%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
n.光辉,灿烂v.闪闪发光;闪耀All that glitters is not gold.= All is not gold that glitters.((谚))闪闪发光者未必都是黄金.
【记】＝glisten
US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
■to produce a lot of small bright flashes of reflected light 闪烁，闪耀，闪光
• Her diamond necklace glittered brilliantly under the spotlights. 聚光灯下她的钻石项链流光溢彩，光芒四射。
■literary
■If someone's eyes glitter, they look bright and express strong feeling （眼睛）闪烁
• His dark eyes glittered with anger behind his spectacles. 他那双黑眼睛透过镜片喷射出怒火。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive
All that glitters is not gold. saying
■said about something that seems to be good on the surface, but might not be when you look at it more closely 闪光的并非都是金子。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
EXCITEMENT 刺激
■the excitement and attractive quality connected with rich and famous people （富人或名人的）吸引力，魅力，诱惑力
• He was attracted by the glitter of Hollywood. 好莱坞的魅力令他心驰神往。
UK ['glɪt.ər] US ['glɪtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
BRIGHT LIGHT 亮光
■when something glitters 闪烁，闪耀，闪光
• the glitter of the fireworks 火焰的绚烂
■very small pieces of shiny material used to decorate the skin or used by children to make pictures （装饰或儿童作画用的）小发光物，发光碎屑
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vi. [光] 闪光；闪烁
 - flare light, lightning flash
n. [光] 闪光；灿烂
 - stroboflash, coruscation

Word: disputed
Front: disputed
[dɪsp'ju:tɪd] (11814/11899)
Back: v. 辩论，争论（ dispute的过去式和过去分词 ）; 争夺; 阻止; 就…进行辩论
adj. 有争议的
分布：争议(99%)，动词dispute的过去式和过去分词.(1%)
N-VAR
争吵;吵闹
A dispute is an argument or disagreement between people or groups.
例：They have won previous pay disputes with the government...在先前和政府的工资纠纷中他们赢了。
例：Negotiators failed to resolve the bitter dispute between the European Community and the United States over cutting subsides to farmers.谈判者未能消弭欧共体和美国之间在削减农民补贴一事上的争端。
VERB
质疑(事实、声明或理论)；对…表示异议
If you dispute a fact, statement, or theory, you say that it is incorrect or untrue.
例：He disputed the allegations...他对指控表示怀疑。
例：Nobody disputed that Davey was clever...没有人怀疑戴维是聪明的。
V-RECIP
争夺
When people dispute something, they fight for control or ownership of it. You can also say that one group of people dispute something with another group.
例：Russia and Ukraine have been disputing the ownership of the fleet...俄罗斯和乌克兰一直在争夺舰队的所有权。
例：Fishermen from Bristol disputed fishing rights with the Danes.布里斯托尔的渔民与丹麦人争夺捕鱼权。
PHR-RECIP
有争端;有分歧;有纠纷
If two or more people or groups are in dispute, they are arguing or disagreeing about something.
例：The two countries are in dispute over the boundaries of their coastal waters...两国在近海水域分界线上尚存分歧。
例：It is currently in dispute with the government over price fixing.目前在定价上和政府还有争议。
PHRASE
在争论中;处于争议中
If something is in dispute, people are questioning it or arguing about it.
例：All those matters are in dispute and it is not for me to decide them.所有这些事项都尚无定论，也不是我可以决定的。
adj. 有争议的
 - controversial, questioned

Word: cardinal
Front: cardinal
[ˈkɑ:dɪnl] (研托雅宝 15572/7343 -2)
Vocabulary: cardinal
(once / 188 pages)
1n 2adj 3adjn 4n 5n
In Catholicism, a cardinal is a high-ranking bishop. In math, you use cardinal numbers to count. A cardinal rule is one that is central and should not be broken.
Okay, that's a lot of definitions. How exactly are they related? In all cases, cardinal means central or essential. It's a cardinal principle that you use it to describe words of behavior like rule or sin. In the Church, cardinals form the central governing body, and in math the cardinal numbers (one, two, three) are the numbers you learn and use first.
WORD FAMILY
cardinal: cardinality, cardinally, cardinals, cardinalship+/cardinalship: cardinalships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Good sense says the New England Patriots did not need to sign receiver Michael Floyd when the Cardinals released him a few weeks ago.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Floyd was acquired last month after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Stanford: The Cardinal is struggling to defend the perimeter and the dribble drive.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 基数; 红衣主教; 大红色，深红色; 女式斗篷
adj. 基本的，最重要的; 大红色的，深红色的
分布：基数(47%)，红衣主教(21%)，主要的(13%)，深红色的(8%)，北美红雀(6%)，鲜红色(5%)
→来自拉丁词cardo, 铰链，枢纽，来自PIE *sker, 转，旋，词源同ring,curve. 常与其另一个记义心脏相混淆。
n.(天主教的)红衣主教a.首要的,基本的This is a matter of cardinal importance.这是非常重要的事.
【源】原指：红衣主教（高级宗教官员，级别仅低于教皇），引申为重要的意思。
【记】card心脏－是人体最重要的器官
【参】cardiologist（n 心脏病专家）
【反】minor（adj 次要的）
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
PRIEST 神职人员
■a priest of very high rank in the Roman Catholic Church （罗马天主教会的）枢机主教，红衣主教
• Cardinals elect and advise the Pope. 枢机主教推选教宗并担当教宗的顾问。
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
NUMBER 数字 (also cardinal number)
■a number which represents amount, such as 1, 2, 3, rather than order, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd 基数 Compare ordinal (number)
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a North American bird, the male of which has bright red feathers 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟有鲜红色的羽毛）
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] adjective [before noun]
■of great importance; main 极重要的；基本的；主要的
• a cardinal rule/error/sin 基本规则／根本错误／严重过失
adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的
 - primary, elementary, major, fundamental, basic
n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色
 - conclavist, red hat

Word: verbally
Front: verbally
[ˈvɜ:bəli] (11838/14057)
Back: adv. 言词上; 口头地; 照字面地; 作为动词
分布：口头地(63%)，逐字地(25%)，词句地(12%)
ADJ
口头的;非书面的;非行动的
You use verbal to indicate that something is expressed in speech rather than in writing or action.
例：They were jostled and subjected to a torrent of verbal abuse...他们被推来搡去，受到大肆的谩骂攻击。
例：We have a verbal agreement with her...我们和她有个口头约定。
ADJ
文字的;词语的;用文字表达的
You use verbal to indicate that something is connected with words and the use of words.
例：The test has scores for verbal skills, mathematical skills, and abstract reasoning skills...测试包含对语言能力、数学能力和抽象推理能力的考查。
例：Wayne has great verbal dexterity.韦恩的语言表达能力很强。
ADJ
动词的
In grammar, verbal means relating to a verb.
例：...a verbal noun.动名词
adv. 口头地，非书面地；用言辞地
 - vocally

Word: pipe
Front: pipe
[paɪp] (高研四六 2980/2438 -K3)
Vocabulary: pipe
(once / 113 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
A pipe is a hollow tube that liquid flows through. When your kitchen pipes get clogged, call a plumber. A pipe is also something to put tobacco in and smoke. Old pictures of Santa show him smoking a pipe.
Water moves through pipes before it comes flowing out of your faucets. Other substances, like oil and gas, also flow through pipes. These pipes are usually made of metal or a very sturdy kind of plastic. Other kinds of pipes include the ones you make music with and the one your uncle has to smoke outside, because it's so smelly. Pipe comes from the Vulgar Latin pipa, "tube-shaped musical instrument."
WORD FAMILY
pipe: pipage, piped, pipeful, piper, pipes, piping+/pipeful: pipefuls/piper: pipers/piping: pipings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the mini-farm, PVC pipes and wires run here and there, connecting to clamps and switches.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Caden looked at it closely before cutting the pipe cleaner in half.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
One little kid dressed up as him for Halloween with pipe cleaners mimicking his long dreadlocks.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 管子; 烟斗; 管乐器; （管风琴的）音管
vt. 以管输送; 用管乐器演奏; 尖声唱
vi. 吹奏管乐器; 尖叫; 尖声地说（或唱），尖声啼鸣; [航海] 吹长哨
时态：piped, piping, pipes
分布：管子(43%)，烟斗(37%)，管乐器(6%)，尖叫(4%)，尖声说(3%)，吹奏(2%)，以管输送(2%)，吹奏管乐(2%)，装管道(1%)
→来自拉丁语pipare,管子发出的叽叽声，砰砰声，拟声词。引申词义管子，管道，管乐器等。
n.管子,导管;烟斗;笛They are laying pipes under the road.他们正在铺设路下面的管子.
noun countable
TUBE 管子
 ADVANCED
■a tube inside which liquid or gas flows from one place to another 管；管子；管道
• a water/gas/sewer pipe 供水管道／煤气管道／污水管
• a burst/fractured/leaking pipe 爆裂／破裂／外泄的管道
[paɪp] noun countable
TOBACCO 烟草
■a short narrow tube with a small container at one end, used for smoking especially tobacco 烟斗
• I ordered some tea for myself and lit my pipe. 我叫了茶，点着了烟斗。
[paɪp] noun countable
INSTRUMENT 乐器
■a simple musical instrument made of a short narrow tube which is played by blowing through it 笛（子）；管乐器
pipes [plural]
■another word for bagpipes bagpipes 的另一种说法
■one of the metal or wood tubes in an organ through which air is pushed to make sound （管风琴的）音管
[paɪp] noun countable
Put / Stick that in your pipe and smoke it! old-fashioned or humorous
■a rude way of telling someone that they must accept what you have just said, even if they do not like it 不管你喜欢与否都要接受！
[paɪp] verb
SPEAK 说
transitive
■to speak or sing in a high voice 用尖嗓子说；尖声唱
[paɪp] verb
TUBE 管子
transitive usually passive [+ adv/prep]
■to transport in a pipe 用管道运输
• Hot water is piped to all apartments from the central boiler room. 热水从中央锅炉房经管道输送到每个公寓套房。
• figurative Music is piped throughout the hotel complex. 音乐声在整栋饭店大楼里回荡。
[paɪp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pipe down informal
■to stop talking or making unnecessary noise 停止讲话（或吵闹）；安静下来
• Will you please pipe down, you two? I'm trying to read! 你们两个能安静下来吗？我在看书呢！
[paɪp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pipe up informal
■to suddenly start to speak or make a noise 突然开始说话（或发出噪音）
• In the silence that followed, a lone voice piped up from the back of the room. 随后一阵沉默，但突然从房间后面传来一个人的声音。
n. [建] 管； [轻] 烟斗；笛
 - tube, cigarette holder
vi. 吹笛；尖叫
 - scream

Word: abyss
Front: abyss
[əˈbɪs] (托 11847/14950 -1)
Vocabulary: abyss
(once / 814 pages)
n
The noun abyss refers to a deep void or chasm — either literal or figurative. Making a momentous life decision with great uncertainty, like enrolling in clown college, might feel like jumping into the abyss.
Traditionally, the abyss referred to the "bottomless pit" of Hell. Now it might refer to either a literal chasm or a figurative one: "Thirty years ago, we peered into this abyss and pulled back just in time." The word is sometimes used to describe a wide difference between cultures or nations. Abyss comes from Greek: a- "without" + byssos, "depth, bottom." You may know the related adjective abysmal, which means "appallingly bad" — or "way down in the depths," as it were.
WORD FAMILY
abyss: abyssal, abysses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I used to think that an abyss is a moment of despair becoming interminable; but any moment, even the direst, is bound to end.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As both parent and child scream in terror, he loses his grip on his mother and she starts to disappear into the abyss.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The zone is also an abyss of lawlessness.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 深渊，无底洞; 深邃; <古>地狱，阴间; 浑沌
分布：深渊(94%)，无底洞(6%)
→前缀a-, 没有。词根byss, 底，词源同base, 底，低下。
深渊(a没有+byss-没有底)[byss=borrom(底)]
【记】a没有，byss＝bottom底－无底洞－深渊
noun countable usually singular
HOLE 洞 literary
■a very deep hole which seems to have no bottom 深渊
[ə'bɪs] noun countable usually singular
BAD SITUATION 坏情况
■a difficult situation that brings trouble or destruction 险境，绝境
• The country is sinking/plunging into an abyss of violence and lawlessness. 这个国家正陷入暴力和法制崩溃的深渊。
• She found herself on the edge of an abyss. 她发现自己的处境岌岌可危。
n. 深渊；深邃，无底洞
 - deep, gulf, depths

Word: estranged
Front: estranged
[ɪˈstreɪndʒd] (宝 11853/14343 -1)
Vocabulary: estranged
(once / 2906 pages)
adj
The adjective estranged suggests a loss of affection, a turning away from someone. When a couple separates, we often refer to them as estranged — or no longer together.
The word estranged is an unfriendly word with a negative connotation. The word strange within it seems to suggest an alienation of affection, and that a loving relationship has not only soured, but turned distant and even somewhat hostile. While the word is usually used to describe a human relationship, it can also refer to a political situation where nations that were once allies develop conflicts and become estranged.
WORD FAMILY
estrange: estranged, estrangement, estranges, estranging+/ estrangement: estrangements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Park is unmarried, childless and estranged from her siblings, a status that she said would free her from nepotism and break the pattern.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In October, the court heard the appeal of Juan Carlos Rodriguez, who strangled and then decapitated his estranged wife.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A prosecutor tells The Blade newspaper that Campbell and his wife were estranged.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 疏远的; 隔绝的，疏离的; 久未联系的; （夫妻）分居的
v. 使疏远; 使隔离; 使离间(estrange的过去式和过去分词)
分布：疏远的(90%)，动词estrange的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)，隔离的(5%)
→e-, 缓音字母。strange, 外来的，陌生的。引申词义分居的。
adjective
■describes a husband or wife who is not now living with the person they are married to （夫妻）分居的
• his estranged wife 他分居的妻子
■formal
■If you are estranged from your family or friends then you have seriously argued with them and are no longer friendly with them （因为争吵而与亲戚或朋友）疏远的，分手的
• It's sad to see someone estranged from their parents. 看到有人与父母疏远，真是令人悲哀。
adj. 疏远的；不和的
 - remote, alienated
v. 使疏远；使隔离；使离间（estrange的过去分词）
 - disaffected

Word: enclosed
Front: enclosed
[ɪnˈkləʊzd] (11850/8528)
Vocabulary: enclosed
(once / 547 pages)
adj
Things that are enclosed are surrounded on all sides, closed or penned in. If your grandfather's condo development is enclosed by a high fence, you might need to check in with a guard before you can visit him.
Your pet guinea pig is enclosed by her cage, and when you're at school, you are enclosed by the walls of the building. Homes, car lots, gardens, and school yards are all commonly enclosed by fences. If you put a check inside your cousin's birthday card, the money is also enclosed. Enclosed comes from the verb enclose, which is rooted in the Old French enclore, "surround, confine, or contain."
WORD FAMILY
enclosed: self-enclosed, unenclosed+/ close: closed, closely, closeness, closer, closes, closest, closing, closure, enclose /closeness: closenesses/closer: closers/closing: closings/ closure: closured, closures, closuring/ enclose: enclosed, encloses, enclosing, enclosure / enclosure: enclosures
USAGE EXAMPLES
My jaw dropped when I read the words, “Please find enclosed a letter from your donor.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Knott’s representatives say their mechanics tried several times to get the enclosed, circular tram down before calling the Orange County Fire Authority to assist.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Then, on the enclosed back porch, she sang her 2014 No. 1 hit, “Shake It Off,” with dozens of Porter’s relatives joining in.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 被附上的; （用墙等）围住的; 封闭的; 与外界隔绝的
v. （用墙、篱笆等）把…围起来( enclose的过去式和过去分词 ); 把…装入信封; 附入; （尤指墙、篱笆等 ）围住
分布：附上(89%)，被附上的(11%)
US [-'kloʊzd] adjective
SURROUNDED 围住的
■surrounded by walls, objects or structures 围住的；封闭的
• He doesn't like enclosed spaces. 他不喜欢封闭的空间。
UK [ɪn'kləʊzd] US [-'kloʊzd] adjective
SENT 发送
■sent to someone in an envelope with a letter 随函附上的；附上的
• The enclosed card is for Julia. 随信附一张写给茱莉亚的卡片。
• formal Please find enclosed a cheque in settlement of your invoice. 兹附上支票一张用以结清贵方发货清单上的货款。
adj. 被附上的；与世隔绝的
 - insular, hermitic

Word: rout
Front: rout
[raʊt] (宝 11849/13728 -1)
Vocabulary: rout
(once / 1095 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
When you think about the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat, associate a rout with the agonizing defeat. A rout is the kind of humiliating loss that makes you wish you would have been injured in the first quarter so you could have avoided the outcome.
One way to remember the meaning of the word rout is to consider its similarity to the word riot, both suggesting a disastrous mess. One interesting thing about the word rout is that whether it's used as a noun or as a verb, it's spelled the same and implies a similar meaning. "The losing team suffers during a rout while the winning team actually routs them!" Whichever form you use, you're referring to a pretty devastating defeat.
WORD FAMILY
rout: router, routs+/router: routers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That launched a streak in which Baltimore won six of eight, including a 38-6 rout of Miami .
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No. 17 Xavier won twice this week, including a dominant 82-56 rout over Providence on Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Coach Jeff Fisher was fired after a Week 14 rout by the Atlanta Falcons and they are in the midst of a six-game losing streak.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 打垮; 赶跑; 挖掘出; （体育）打败对方
vi. 搜寻; 用鼻子拱土
n. 溃败; 暴动; 混乱的群众; 盛大的晚会
时态：routed, routing, routs
分布：大败(44%)，凑热闹的人(23%)，使 ... 溃败(11%)，彻底溃败(11%)，使 ... 败逃(11%)
→来自中古法语 route,溃败的军队，来自拉丁语 rupta,分开的，断开的，来自 rumpere,分开，断 开，词源同 rip,rob,rupture.
【记】rout后沿着route routr＝run，out：跑出战场－溃退。
verb transitive formal
■to defeat an enemy completely and force them to run away 击溃，使彻底溃败，彻底击败
• figurative The Russian chess team have routed all the rest. 俄罗斯国际象棋队把其他参赛队都打了个落花流水。
[raʊt] verb transitive formal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rout sb out US
■to make someone come out of the place where they are 赶走（某人），将（某人）撵走，驱赶（某人）
• His wife had to rout him out of the crowd. 他的妻子不得不把他硬拖出人群。
[raʊt] noun countable
■defeat 溃败，彻底失败
• The battle/election was a complete and utter rout. 那次战役／选举一败涂地。
vt. 击溃
 - wallop
vi. 搜寻
 - search, hunt for
n. 溃败；暴动
 - insurrection, sedition

Word: bribe
Front: bribe
[braɪb] (研六雅宝 10665/11092 -2)
Vocabulary: bribe
(once / 455 pages)
nv
You pay a bribe to get someone to do something they wouldn't do otherwise. It's usually dishonest and often criminal.
Bribes can be utterly corrupt and illegal — like when you offer a bribe to a politician so she'll make a decision in your favor. On the other hand, a bribe can be somewhat benign — like when your mom bribes you with an ice cream if you play with your little brother. When you bribe someone, you can say you're "greasing their palm."
WORD FAMILY
bribe: bribable, bribed, briber, bribery, bribes, bribing+/briber: bribers/bribery: briberies
USAGE EXAMPLES
In its impeachment motion, the National Assembly characterized the money as bribes.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Karen objects to fruit juice in grade-school lunches; however, like most of us, she resorts to sugary bribes when necessary.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Wealthy businessmen and officials were purchasing elaborate carvings as luxurious gifts or, in some cases, bribes.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 贿赂，行贿
n. 贿赂; 诱惑物
时态：bribed, bribing, bribes
分布：贿赂(98%)，贿赂物(2%)
→在古英语指施舍给乞丐的小片面包，词源同break, 分开，小块。
n.贿赂v.向...行贿,买通The briber described the tribe head's bribery.行贿者描述了部落首领的受贿行为.
verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to try to make someone do something for you by giving them money, presents or something else that they want 贿赂；收买
• He bribed immigration officials and entered the country illegally. 他贿赂移民官员非法入境。
• [+ to infinitive] They bribed the waiter to find them a better table. 他们贿赂餐厅侍者，让他找一张好一点的桌子。
[braɪb] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■money or a present that you give to someone so that they will do something for you, usually something dishonest 贿赂
• He was accused of accepting/taking bribes from wealthy businessmen. 他被指控收受富商们的贿赂。
vt. [法] 贿赂，收买
 - buy over, grease
vi. [法] 行贿
 - corrupt practices
n. [法] 贿赂
 - fix, golden key, payola, glove money

Word: wasp

Word: negotiated
Front: negotiated
[niˈɡəuʃieitid] (11886/12162)
Back: v. 谈判，协商，议定( negotiate的过去式和过去分词 ); 兑现（支票等）; 通过，越过（险要路段）
分布：谈判(62%)，协商(27%)，交涉(5%)，谈判达成(4%)，议价出售(1%)，成功越过(1%)
V-RECIP
谈判;协商;洽谈
If people negotiate with each other or negotiate an agreement, they talk about a problem or a situation such as a business arrangement in order to solve the problem or complete the arrangement.
例：It is not clear whether the president is willing to negotiate with the democrats...还不清楚总统是否愿意和民主人士洽谈。
例：When you have two adversaries negotiating, you need to be on neutral territory...让敌对双方坐下来谈判时，你得保持中立。
VERB
顺利通过;成功越过
If you negotiate an area of land, a place, or an obstacle, you successfully travel across it or around it.
例：Frank Mariano negotiates the desert terrain in his battered pickup...弗兰克·马里亚诺驾驶他那辆破烂不堪的皮卡车成功穿越了沙漠地带。
例：I negotiated the corner on my motorbike and pulled to a stop...我骑摩托车顺利通过拐角，然后停了下来。

Word: modesty
Front: modesty
[ˈmɒdəsti] (六 11845/11417 -1)
Vocabulary: modesty
(once / 563 pages)
1n 2n
Modesty is that shy feeling you get when someone brags about how great you are, or when you need to take off your shirt to go swimming and showing skin makes you squirm. If you blush, you’ve got some modesty.
Modesty comes from the Latin modestus, which literally translates as “keeping due measure.” Knowing the correct measure of yourself is modesty, and when someone praises you too much, your modesty might kick in and make you want to tell them to be quiet. Modesty also means you keep things decent and not too outrageous, like wearing clothes that hide your skin, or painting your walls beige instead of covering them with glow-in-the-dark diamond wallpaper.
WORD FAMILY
modesty: immodesty, modesties+/immodesty: immodesties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The seriousness of approach, I think, and the modesty of it is very Canadian,” Michaels agreed.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At the time, it sounded somewhere between false modesty and sly self-deprecation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But the most striking aspect of this film’s aesthetic — a better word might be temperament — is its gentle, unassuming modesty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 谦虚，谦逊; 稳重; 端庄; 朴实，质朴
分布：谦逊(58%)，端庄(17%)，朴实(13%)，虚心(9%)，中肯(3%)
→来自modest,谦虚的，谦逊的。
谦虚,有礼(modest+y)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
US ['mɑ:.dɪ-] noun uncountable
QUIET SUCCESS 成功而不张扬 approving
■when someone doesn't usually talk about or make obvious their abilities and achievements 谦虚，谦逊
• She does a lot of work for charities, but her modesty forbids her from talking about it. 她为慈善事业做了许多工作，但她很谦虚，对之从不谈论。
in all modesty approving
■said when you want to say something good about yourself, but do not want to seem to think you are too important （用于谦逊地谈论自己的优点时）并不是要自夸
• Quite frankly, and in all modesty, we'd probably have lost the game if I hadn't been playing. 并不是要自夸，然而，坦白说，如果我不上场，我们可能已经输掉这场比赛。
UK ['mɒd.ɪ.sti] US ['mɑ:.dɪ-] noun uncountable
CLOTHES/BEHAVIOUR 衣服／行为 old-fashioned
■the quality, in women, of dressing or behaving in a way which is intended to avoid attracting sexual interest （女子的衣着、举止等）端庄，正派，朴素
n. 谦逊；质朴；稳重
 - humility, humbleness

Word: termite
Front: termite
[ˈtɜ:maɪt] (托宝 11828/17526)
Back: n. 白蚁
分布：白蚁(100%)
白蚁(直接来自拉丁文termes白蚁)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
【记】读：透明体－透明的蚂蚁－白蚁
US ['tɝ:-] (also white ant)
noun countable
■a small white tropical insect which eats wood 白蚁
n. [昆] 白蚁
 - white ant

Word: fencing
Front: fencing
[ˈfensɪŋ] (托宝 11834/9806 -1)
Vocabulary: fencing
(once / 2346 pages)
1n 2n
Fencing is a structure that encloses a yard or area, like the fencing that keeps your dog confined. Another kind of fencing is a sport with long pointy foils that has been popular with Hamlet, Holden Caulfield, and lots of other fancy kids.
You might buy enough fencing to close in your whole back yard — it could be made of wood, metal, or even plastic, and this material can also be called fencing. A completely different kind of fencing is the sport that involves combat with sword-like weapons. Fencing started as military training and a way of settling disputes, but it grew into a sport during the 18th century, and is now even included in the Olympics.
WORD FAMILY
fencing: fencings+/ fence: fenced, fencelike, fencer, fences, fencing /fenced: unfenced/ fencer: fencers
USAGE EXAMPLES
So far, he’s received about 300 donated bales and some donated fencing material that helped him rebuild 3 miles of fence.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“They asked us to put some locations down, so we talked about areas they’d proposed and some infrastructure, whether it’s a wall or fencing.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Raised for stardom, the sisters attended private schools and were chauffeured to acting, dancing, music and fencing classes.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 剑术; 围墙; 筑栅栏的材料
v. 击剑( fence的现在分词); 围以栅栏
分布：剑术(40%)，栅栏(36%)，围墙(21%)，动词fence的现在分词.(3%)
→来自fence, 击剑。
【记】fencing把fence（n 篱笆；击剑术）扎的全是窟窿根：fenc保护
【参】defence（n 保卫；辩护）；fencer（n 击剑者；篱笆匠）
noun uncountable
STRUCTURE 结构
■fences, or the materials used to make fences 栅栏；篱笆；围栏；筑栅栏用的材料
• wire/wooden fencing 铁丝网／木栅栏
['fent.sɪŋ] noun uncountable
SPORT 运动
■the sport of fighting with long thin swords 剑术运动
• a fencing tournament/mask 剑术锦标赛／防护面罩
• I did a bit of fencing while I was at college. 上大学的时候我练过一点剑术。
n. 剑术；围墙；筑栅栏的材料
 - swordsmanship, bounding wall
v. 击剑；围住；避开（fence的ing形式）
 - hedging

Word: redwood
Front: redwood
[ˈredwʊd] (11842/17387)
Back: n. （美国加州产的高大的）红杉
分布：红杉(84%)，红木树(12%)，红杉木(4%)
noun countable or uncountable
■a coniferous tree of California that grows very tall, or the valuable wood of this tree 红杉；红木
n. [木] 红木树， [林] 红杉；红树木材
 - sequoia

Word: fantasize
Front: fantasize
[ˈfæntəsaɪz] (11858/24653 -1)
Vocabulary: fantasize
(once / 32051 pages)
v
To fantasize is to imagine things that are not true and sometimes not possible. We fantasize about things we wish were real.
Have you ever daydreamed that you're a king, or a superstar in the NBA, or able to fly? Then you've been fantasizing. Fantasizing is something everyone does, though we all have different fantasies. You can fantasize about things that are possible or impossible, including being the President, riding a unicorn, or being the President of unicorns. People also fantasize about things they probably shouldn't do, like romancing the neighbor's spouse. You can fantasize about anything you can imagine.
WORD FAMILY
fantasize: fantasized, fantasizes, fantasizing+/fantasist: fantasists/ fantastic: fantasticly/fantastical: fantastically/ fantasy: fantasied, fantasies, fantasise, fantasist, fantasize, fantastic, fantastical, fantasying
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a girl, she would fantasize that she was Princess Leia of “Star Wars.”
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Trump, during the campaign, fantasized about Clinton and her judicial nominees being assassinated.
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
“It’s good to fantasize and reach for the stars,” Jaguar’s Streif said.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 想像; 幻想
vi. 沉溺于幻想
时态：fantasized, fantasizing, fantasizes
分布：幻想(90%)，想像(10%)
→来自fantasy, 幻想。
(UK usually fantasise) ['fæn.tə.saɪz] verb intransitive or transitive
■to think about something very pleasant that is unlikely to happen 空想；幻想
• He fantasized about winning the Nobel Prize. 他幻想过获得诺贝尔奖。
• [+ that] As a child Emma fantasized that she would do something heroic. 艾玛小时候幻想过将来要做些英雄事迹。
vt. 幻想；想像
 - imagine, picture, think of
vi. 幻想
 - have vision of, fancy

Word: idealistic
Front: idealistic
[ˌaɪdiəˈlɪstɪk] (11860/14297 -1)
Vocabulary: idealistic
(once / 4263 pages)
adj
When you're idealistic, you dream of perfection, whether in yourself or other people. For example, you might have the idealistic goal of bringing an end to childhood poverty in the world.
The adjective idealistic describes someone whose plans or goals of helping others are lofty, grand, and possibly unrealistic. Do you think world peace is within reach? You're idealistic. If your vision of the world is idealistic, you believe all problems can be solved and that all people can reach their full potential. Idealistic comes from the Greek idea, or "ideal prototype."
WORD FAMILY
idealistic: idealistically+/ idea: ideal, ideas, ideate/ ideal: idealise, idealism, ideality, idealize, ideally, ideals/idealisation: idealisations/idealise: idealisation, idealised, idealises, idealising/ idealism: idealisms, idealist, idealistic / idealist: idealists/ideality: idealities/idealization: idealizations/ idealize: idealization, idealized, idealizes, idealizing/ideate: ideated, ideating, ideation / ideation: ideational, ideations/ideational: ideationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
As idealistic as it sounds, into our own talk.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It sounds a little idealistic, but it’s something to work towards.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Many of his friends there were idealistic, progressive — ideological misfits in Reagan’s America.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 理想主义的; 空想家的; 唯心主义的; 唯心论的
分布：理想主义的(87%)，空想的(13%)
→来自ideal,空想的。
ADJ-GRADED
理想主义(者)的;空想的
If you describe someone as idealistic, you mean that they have ideals, and base their behaviour on these ideals, even though this may be impractical.
例：Idealistic young people died for the cause...理想主义青年为这项事业而献身。
例：Older mothers tend to be too idealistic about the pleasures of motherhood.较年长的母亲往往对身为人母的乐趣过于理想化。
adj. 理想主义的；唯心论的；唯心主义者的；空想家的
 - spiritualistic

Word: random
Front: random
[ˈrændəm] (高研六托雅宝 3619/3811 -2)
Vocabulary: random
(once / 619 pages)
adj
Something that’s random is lacking in order, plan, or purpose. It happens totally by chance, like the random picking of lottery numbers or unplanned random acts of kindness.
Sometime in the 1980s, teenage slang hijacked the adjective random and tried to turn it into a word meaning weird, odd or out of place. As in "Dude! That guy wearing purple spandex at the party was so random!" But don't fall for it. Something that’s truly random is totally governed by chance and has no specific pattern, like choosing a card at random from a magician’s deck.
WORD FAMILY
random: nonrandom, randomise, randomize, randomly, randomness +/randomise: randomisation, randomised/randomize: randomization, randomized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such a minor delay may be caused by any minimal distraction: a sudden noise, a quick glance at the phone or a random thought.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Some people jumped into the Bosphorus to save themselves after the attacker began shooting at random just over an hour into the new year.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Ask a random sampling of Washingtonians and you’ll find that many want to be closer to nature.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 任意的; 随机的; 胡乱的
n. 随意; 偶然的行动
分布：随机的(42%)，随意(21%)，任意(16%)，随意的(9%)，任意的(8%)，随机地(4%)
→缩写自短语 at random,高速的，引申词义横冲直撞的，莽撞的，后用于指随机的。来自古法 语 randon,冲，冲力，速度，来自 randir,快跑，词源同 run.
a.随机的,随意的n.随机,随意The grandson branded the brandy randomly.孙子给白兰地随机地打上烙印.
adjective
 IMPROVER
■happening, done or chosen by chance rather than according to a plan 任意的；随机的；胡乱的
• random checks/tests /attacks 随机检查／随机测试／胡乱攻击
• We asked a random sample/selection of people what they thought. 我们随机挑选一些人，问了他们的想法。
■informal
■strange or unusual 奇怪的，异常的
• I just saw Billy wearing a top hat - he's so random! 我刚才看见比利戴着一顶高帽子－－可真是怪模怪样！
at random
■without choosing intentionally; by chance 任意地；随意地；随机地
• The winning entry will be the first correct answer drawn at random. 从所有给出正确答案的参赛者中，随意抽出的第一个将获得大奖。
random, casual
这两个形容词均含“随便的，任意的”之意。
radom: 指无明确的方向或目的、方法与系统，暗示没有指挥或控制。
casual: 指非正式的，轻松随便的，强调随和性。
adj. [数] 随机的；任意的； [建] 胡乱的
 - stochastic, arbitrary
n. 随意
 - ad libitum
adv. 胡乱地
 - wild

Word: gut
Front: gut
[gʌt] (研 4297/6465 -2)
Vocabulary: gut
(once / 595 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
Your gut is part of your digestive system — it's where food goes after you eat it, to get broken down into nutrients and waste. The expression to "go with your gut" means to follow your instincts, how you feel in your belly.
Your gut is quite literally your intestines, although the word is frequently used for any part of your digestive system, especially your stomach. Eating too much ice cream can give you an ache in your gut. When gut is a verb, it means to clean the internal organs out of a fish or other animal you intend to eat, or to completely empty a building. Colloquially, if you have guts, you're very brave.
WORD FAMILY
gut: gutless, guts, gutted, gutter, gutting+/gutless: gutlessly, gutlessness/guts: gutsy/gutsy: gutsier, gutsiest, gutsily, gutsiness/gutter: guttered, guttering, gutters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Use your judgment and gut to see if your emotions and behaviors are getting stronger.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
In the gut, the lymphocytes maintain a barrier against pathogens.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite reeling from a collective gut punch, women who were opposed to President-elect Donald Trump channeled their sadness and rage into activism and organization.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 勇气; 内脏; 直觉; 肠
adj. 本能的，直觉的
vt. 毁坏（建筑物等）的内部; 取出…的内脏
时态：gutted, gutting, guts
分布：内脏(46%)，肠子(16%)，勇气(11%)，胆量(9%)，取出内脏(8%)，本能的(6%)，羊肠线(4%)
→来自gheu, 涌出，倾泻，词源同foundry, gush, gust. 用于解剖学术语。肠道在古代医字观念被认为是情感所在之地，引申义勇气。
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏a.本能的vt.取出内脏He has a lot of guts.他很有勇气.
noun
BOWELS 肠
uncountable
■the long tube in the body of a person or animal, through which food moves during digestion 消化道；肠道，肠
• Meat stays in the gut longer than vegetable matter. 和蔬菜相比，肉类在消化道中停留的时间更长。
countable informal
■a person's stomach when it is extremely large 大肚子；肥大的腹部
• He's got a huge beer gut (= large stomach caused by drinking beer). 他有个大啤酒肚。
guts [plural]
■bowels 内脏
• My guts hurt. 我五脏六腑都痛。
• He got a knife in the guts. 他肚子被戳了一刀。
gut feeling/reaction informal
■a strong belief about someone or something which cannot completely be explained and does not have to be decided by reasoning 直觉；本能；内心感觉
• I have a gut feeling that the relationship won't last. 我有种直觉，这段关系不会太长久。
uncountable
■a strong thread made from an animal's bowels used, especially in the past, for making musical instruments and sports rackets （尤指旧时用来制作乐器和球拍的）肠线
[gʌt] noun
BRAVERY 勇气
guts [plural] informal
■bravery; the ability to control fear and to deal with danger and uncertainty 勇气；胆量；意志
• [+ to infinitive] It takes a lot of guts to admit to so many people that you've made a mistake. 在那么多人面前承认自己犯了错误是需要很大勇气的。
[gʌt] noun
have sb's guts for garters UK informal
■If you say you will have someone's guts for garters, you mean that you will punish them severely 狠狠惩罚（某人）；抽（某人）的筋；扒（某人）的皮
• If that boy has taken my bike again, I'll have his guts for garters! 如果那小子又骑走了我的脚踏车，我就扒了他的皮。
[gʌt] noun
slog/sweat/work your guts out informal
■to work extremely hard 拼命工作；拼命干活
• I've been slogging my guts out these past few weeks and all he can do is criticize. 在过去的几个星期里我一直在拼命工作，可他就只是批评我。
[gʌt] verb transitive (-tt-)
EMPTY A BUILDING 空的房屋
■to destroy the inside of a building completely, usually by fire （通常指火灾）彻底损毁（房屋）的内部
• A fire gutted the bookshop last week. 上星期一场火把书店烧光了。
■to remove the inside parts and contents of a building, usually so that it can be decorated in a completely new way （通常指为了装修）拆除（房屋）的内部
■UK informal
■to clean very thoroughly the inside of a house or room 把（房屋内的东西）全部清理出去
[gʌt] verb transitive (-tt-)
REMOVE ORGANS 取出内脏
■to remove the inner organs of an animal, especially in preparation for eating it （尤指在烹调前）取出…的内脏
• She gutted the fish and cut off their heads. 她取出鱼的内脏并把鱼头切掉。
n. 内脏；肠子；剧情；胆量；海峡
 - courage, inside, neck, channel, narrow
vt. 取出内脏；摧毁内部装置
 - eviscerate
adj. 简单的；本质的，根本的
 - simple, organic, plain, fundamental, essential

Word: clandestine
Front: clandestine
[klænˈdestɪn] (托宝 11864/14415 -1)
Vocabulary: clandestine
(once / 2539 pages)
adj
Use the adjective clandestine to describe something that is done in secret, like your clandestine attempts to steal your brother's Halloween candy.
Clandestine, an adjective imported from Latin, describes a secret, usually illegal activity. Often these things have to do with political and spy organizations. The CIA might run a clandestine operation to infiltrate terrorist organizations. Words with similar meanings include secret; covert, used especially for military matters; undercover, common in espionage; and surreptitious which emphasizes a person's efforts to keep something secret.
WORD FAMILY
clandestine: clandestinely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even as the Russian-brokered chemical disarmament plan progressed, the White House embarked on clandestine efforts to train and arm moderate factions of the Syrian opposition.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For several more weeks, analysts watched the clandestine desert truck stop grow, wanting to ensure it was the Islamic State trucking fleet.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This shows that the Frank family got at least some of their food coupons clandestinely from these salesmen.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘密的; 私下的; 暗中的
分布：形容词(90%)，名词(10%)
→来自kel,遮盖，隐藏，词源同cellar,hole.在词源上与clan 没有任何关系。
秘密的[clandestin=secret(秘密)]
【记】clan（n 部落；党派），destine（v 命中注定）：都有一些秘密色彩
【反】open（adj 公开的）
[klæn'des.tɪn] formal
adjective
■planned or done in secret, especially describing something that is not officially allowed （尤指从事不被官方允许的活动）秘密的，暗中的，私下的
• The group held weekly clandestine meetings in a church. 这个团体每星期都在教堂举行秘密集会。
• He has been having a clandestine affair with his secretary for three years. 他和秘书私通已有三年了。
• She undertook several clandestine operations for the CIA. 她执行过中央情报局的好几次秘密行动。
adj. 秘密的，私下的；偷偷摸摸的
 - secret, private, underground, chamber, inside

Word: flop
Front: flop
[flɒp] (9863/11940 -2)
Vocabulary: flop
(once / 1503 pages)
1vnadv 2vn 3n
To flop is to drop or hang heavily and loosely. If you're exhausted at the end of the day, you might flop into a chair as soon as you walk into your house.
Your long hair might flop into your eyes, and if you catch a fish, you'll have to watch it flop around in your boat before it stops breathing. A tired child might begin to sob and flop onto the floor in frustration. You can also call a disaster a flop: "We worked so hard on that play, but it turned out to be a total flop." The earliest meaning of flop was "to flap."
WORD FAMILY
flop: flopped, flopping, floppy, flops+/floppy: floppier, floppies, floppily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A flop of a first half and more meandering in the third quarter put Washington in a troubling spot.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Of course, there's a lot of crud too - the challenge is to distinguish the potential hits from the glitch-ridden flops.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
After the game, Beal hobbled slowly to his locker and wore cushioned flip flops as left the arena.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. （指书、戏剧等）彻底失败; （因疲惫而）猛然坐下; （笨拙地、不由自主地或松弛地）移动或落下; 砸锅
vt. 笨拙地抛下
n. <非正>失败
adv. 扑通一声
时态：flopped, flopping, flops
分布：砰然落下(28%)，笨重地摔(26%)，猛落(20%)，啪嗒啪嗒地动(13%)，噗地一声(13%)
→来自flap拼写变体，飘动，翻动。字母o较字母a声音更重，引申词义猛然坐下，倒地。
US [flɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
FALL 落下
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fall or drop heavily 重重地落下（或掉下）
• Hugh's hair keeps flopping over/into his eyes. 休的头发老是垂下来遮住眼睛／垂进眼睛里。
• When she gets home from school, she's so tired all she can do is flop down in front of the television. 放学回家后，她累得除了一屁股坐在电视机前之外，甚么也做不了了。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
FAIL 失败
intransitive
■If a book, play, film, etc. flops, it is not successful. （书、戏剧、电影等）砸锅，完全失败
• Her first book flopped, but her second became a bestseller. 她的第一本书很失败，但是第二本成了畅销书。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] noun
FAILURE 失败
countable usually singular informal
■a failure 失败，不成功
• The play was a complete/total flop. 这出戏彻底砸了锅。
UK [flɒp] US [flɑ:p] noun
FALL 落下
only singular
■when someone or something falls or drops heavily 重重地落下（或掉下）
• He fell with a flop on the bed. 他重重地倒在床上。
vt. 笨拙地抛下；扑通放下；拍（翅）
 - flutter
vi. 失败；扑拍；扑通落下；笨重地摔
 - founder, come to naught
n. 失败；砰然落下；拍击声
 - failure, loss, defeat, losing, reverse

Word: weaponry
Front: weaponry
[ˈwepənri] (11868/15924 -1)
Back: n. （总称）武器，兵器; “weapon”的派生; 仗
分布：兵器(88%)，武器研制(12%)
noun uncountable
■weapons in general （总称）武器，兵器
• nuclear/conventional weaponry 核／常规武器
• All hi-tech weaponry demands frequent servicing to ensure accuracy. 所有高科技武器都需要经常保养以确保精确性
n. 兵器，武器（总称）
 - arm, enginery

Word: mysteriously
Front: mysteriously
[mɪ'stɪərɪəslɪ] (11871/11201)
Vocabulary: mysteriously
(once / 1219 pages)
adv
If something occurs in a strange or eerie way, you can say it happens mysteriously. Your little brother might mysteriously disappear every time the dog needs to be walked, for example.
When something can't be easily explained, it happens mysteriously. Some people say that boats mysteriously disappear in a region of the Atlantic Ocean known as the Bermuda Triangle, and others tell stories of sick people being mysteriously healed by prayer. At the heart of mysteriously is the noun mystery, which had only a religious meaning until the late fourteenth century, and which is rooted in the the Greek word mysterion, "secret rite or doctrine."
WORD FAMILY
mysterious: mysteriouser, mysteriousest, mysteriously +/ mystery: mysteries, mysterious
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the first Creek episode, a mother and her children mysteriously dying was lazily put-to-bed with a last-minute mention of a rare blood disease.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Jack’s goal is to treat the job like a writer’s retreat; instead, he is mysteriously driven to madness and murder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In early summer, when the commission first began searching for a venue, every booking mysteriously fell through.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 神秘地; 不可思议地; 诡秘地; 故弄玄虚地
分布：神秘地(60%)，故弄玄虚地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
神秘的;难以理解的
Someone or something that is mysterious is strange and is not known about or understood.
例：He died in mysterious circumstances...他死得很蹊跷。
例：A mysterious illness confined him to bed for over a month...他得了一种神秘的怪病，卧床有一个多月。
ADJ-GRADED
爱故弄玄虚的;神秘的
If someone is mysterious about something, they deliberately do not talk much about it, sometimes because they want to make people more interested in it.
例：As for his job — well, he was very mysterious about it.至于他的工作，他总是显得非常神秘，从不多说。
adv. 神秘地；故弄玄虚地；难以理解地
 - enigmatically, uncannily

Word: re-enter
Front: re-enter
[ri:ˈentə] (-1)
Back: v. 重新进入
时态：re-entered, re-entering, re-enters
分布：再次进入(100%)
VERB
回到；再次进入
If you re-enter a place, organization, or area of activity that you have left, you return to it.
例：Ten minutes later he re-entered the hotel.10分钟后他回到了旅馆。

Word: tether
Front: tether
[ˈteðə(r)] (宝 11832/14541 -1)
Vocabulary: tether
(once / 2239 pages)
nv
Both a verb and a noun, tether keeps things tied together, or is the tie itself. Remember, when you tether that chair to those balloons, use a strong tether. You don't want to drop from the sky because you tied them together using a cheap piece of rope.
Think of the childhood game tether-ball. The ball is tethered to a pole by a tether. Tether usually refers to a rope or a chain, but it can also refer to an invisible bond or link. For example, the Internet can serve as a tether that links you to your pen pal in Germany. The love between a mother and her child keeps them tethered to each other for a lifetime. And whenever astronauts go for jaunts outside the space station, they tether themselves to the station using wires and a hook.
WORD FAMILY
tether: tethered, tethering, tethers+/ tethered: untethered
USAGE EXAMPLES
The solo project of the recent Wesleyan graduate Faith Harding, Novelty Daughter is tethered to both enduring jazz-soul influences and wholly modern modes of production.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The process is lifesaving, but also onerous, often requiring that patients be tethered to a machine for hours at a time, three times a week.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
No more being tethered to your phone like a marionette.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （拴牲畜用的）系绳; 限度，极限
vt. 用绳拴住; 拘束，束缚
时态：tethered, tethering, tethers
分布：系绳(46%)，系链(30%)，界限(8%)，拘束(8%)，练栓(8%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 tjothr,拴绳，来自 Proto-Germanic*teudran,绳子，来自 deu,绑紧，系牢， *tro,工具格后缀，词源同 rudder.
【记】读：太子，需要束缚，否则难成大气。
【反】detach（v 分开）；loose（v 释放）；tear（v 撕裂；撕破）
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a rope or chain used to tie especially an animal to a post or other fixed place, usually so that it can move freely within a small area （尤指拴动物的）系绳；拴链
UK ['teð.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
at the end of your tether
■having no strength or patience left 筋疲力尽；一筹莫展
• By 6 o'clock after a busy day I'm at the end of my tether. 忙碌了一天之后，到六点我已筋疲力尽了。
n. 范围；系链；拴绳
 - extent, boundary, region, scope, spectrum, territory, range

Word: medalist
Front: medalist
['medəlɪst] (11795/-)
Back: n. 奖牌设计者; 奖牌制作者; 得到奖牌的人; 奖牌收藏家
分布：奖章获得者(50%)，奖章设计者(50%)

Word: enigmatic
Front: enigmatic
[ˌenɪgˈmætɪk] (托 11873/11549 -1)
Vocabulary: enigmatic
(once / 3401 pages)
adj
Something that's enigmatic is tough to figure out. It's puzzling and even mysterious, like those weird secret college societies, Mona Lisa's smile, or the New York Times crossword.
It's no mystery where the adjective enigmatic comes from: It's rooted in the Greek word for riddle. Something that's enigmatic is obscure, unclear and not an easy nut to crack. Translating the Rosetta Stone, with its ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and mysterious foreign writings, was certainly an enigmatic challenge for the archaeologists that found it.
WORD FAMILY
enigmatic: enigmatically+/ enigma: enigmas, enigmatic, enigmatical
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a while, you may wonder if there is more to this enigmatic, epigrammatic movie than a string of clever allusions and linguistic puzzles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The final surprise may be served up by that most enigmatic of metals—gold.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
But Mr. Evans was also engaged in an enigmatic ritual of physical exertion and formal control.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 神秘的; 似谜的; 令人困惑的; 高深莫测的
分布：不可思议的(58%)，莫明其妙的(21%)，谜的(21%)
→来自enigma, 谜，费解。
神秘的(enigma迷)[-tic表形容词,通常放在一个名词前,"与…相关的,...的"]
【参】enigma（n 谜；不可思议的东西）＝mystery
【反】free of ambiguity（清楚的）；broadly known（广泛知道的）；wildly accepted（广泛接受的）；readily understood（易懂的）
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
■mysterious and impossible to understand completely 费解的；难以捉摸的；神秘的
• The Mona Lisa has a famously enigmatic smile. 蒙娜丽莎的神秘微笑非常有名。
• He left an enigmatic message on my answering machine. 他在我的电话答录机中留了一条莫名其妙的留言。
adj. 神秘的；高深莫测的；谜一般的
 - mysterious, arcane

Word: essential
Front: essential
[ɪˈsenʃl] (研四六托雅宝 1949/1155 -K4)
Vocabulary: essential
(once / 107 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adj
Essential means very basic or necessary. A good frying pan is one of a short list of kitchen essentials every cook must have. To prevent fires, it's essential to turn off appliances before leaving the house.
The adjective essential is often followed by to or that: It is essential to wash your hands. It is essential that you dry them after. This adjective is from Middle English essencial, from Late Latin essentialis, from Latin essentia "the basic nature of a thing, its essence" plus the Latin suffix -alis "relating to."
WORD FAMILY
essential: essentiality, essentially, essentialness, essentials, inessential, nonessential, unessential+/ essence: essences, essential /essentiality: essentialities/ inessential: inessentiality, inessentially, inessentials/nonessential: nonessentials/unessential: unessentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m very close with my kids and my parents, but there’s still that essential unknowingness, and maybe that’s about how we’re all alone,” she said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The intertwining of madness and genius remains an essential part of his posthumous legend, and Lowell himself saw the two as related.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
High-school football was important, but being healthy for Ohio State was essential.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 基本的; 必要的; 本质的; 精华的
n. 必需品; 基本要素; 必不可少的东西
分布：必要的(40%)，重要的(31%)，要素(11%)，本质的(10%)，必需品(8%)
→来自essence, 本质。
a.本质的,基本的;净化的n.本质;要素Initially I kept silent to the essential essay.起初我对这个重要的短评保持沉默.
【记】essence（n 基本；本质；香精）
【反】patina（n 外貌）－essential quality（本质特征）；adjunct（n 助手；附属物）；essential element（本质要素）
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■necessary; needed 必要的，必不可少的
• Government support will be essential if the project is to succeed. 这个企划案能否成功，政府的支援至关重要。
• There is essential work to be done before the building can be re-occupied. 这栋建筑在重新入住前必须进行必要的维修。
• Water is essential for/to living things. 水对于生物来说是不可或缺的。
• It is essential (that) our prices remain competitive. 我们保持价格方面的竞争优势是至关重要的。
• [+ to infinitive] For the experiment to be valid, it is essential to record the data accurately. 要保证实验的有效性，就必须精确地记录资料。
[ɪ'sen.tʃəl] noun countable usually plural
■a basic thing that you cannot live without 必需品；不可缺少的东西
• Because I live in a remote village, I regard my car as an essential. 因为我住在一个偏远的村子里，所以我把汽车看作必需品。
• When we go on holiday, we only take the bare essentials. 我们去渡假时，只带一些最基本的必需品。
• This leaflet will give you the essentials of how to use the word processor. 这本小册子会告诉你使用文字处理器的基本知识。
inherent, essential
这组词都有“内在的、本质的”的意思，其区别是：
inherent: 指物体本身固有的、不能与该物体分割的某种特性。
essential: 指决定所属事物存在的关键因素。
requisite, essential, indispensable, necessary
这组词都有“必不可少的，必需的”的意思，其区别是：
requisite: 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。
essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。
indispensable: 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。
necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
vital, essential, basic, fundamental, radical
这组词都有“基本的，基础的”的意思，其区别是：
vital: 正式用词，侧重指维持生命、活力必不可少的，或生死攸关的。
essential: 语气比basic和fundamental强，强调必不可少，暗含某物如缺少某部分，则失去本质特征的意味。
basic: 普通用词，指明确、具体的基础或起点。
fundamental: 书面用词，不如basic使用广泛，侧重指作为基础、根本的抽象的事物。
radical: 着重指事物的根本或其来源。
adj. 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的
 - elementary, fundamental, basic, necessary, primary
n. 本质；要素；要点；必需品
 - element, principle, entity, necessity, requirement, texture

Word: cub
Front: cub
[kʌb] (宝 10403/10029 -1)
Vocabulary: cub
(once / 896 pages)
nv
A cub is a baby animal. A mother fox sometimes carries her cub by the scruff of its neck.
Use the word cub when you talk about one of a number of meat-eating mammal babies, including bears, foxes, lions, and tigers. While a tiny bear cub looks as adorable and helpless as a stuffed animal, its mother is ferocious and protective of her cubs. In the old days, people also called a young, immature boy a cub — today, a human cub is more likely to be a junior Boy Scout — a Cub Scout.
WORD FAMILY
cub: cubbed, cubbing, cubs
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the film, a young photojournalist rescues a white tiger cub ensnared by a poacher’s trap.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Never mind that Cubs reliever Aroldis Chapman was sputtering in the late innings of Game 7 like the cyborg in “Terminator 3.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A majority of Americans, including 7 in 10 Midwesterners, called November’s World Series win for the Chicago Cubs to end their 108-year drought memorable.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 幼小的兽; 愣头青，毛头小伙子; 新手
v. （野兽）生仔; 捉幼狐（幼兽）
时态：cubbed, cubbing, cubs
分布：幼兽(80%)，年轻人(20%)
→词源不详。可能来自cub-,躺下，词源同incubation,孵卵，孵化。
【记】cu拼：哭，b吧：哭吧！要成为幼兽的午餐了；哭吧！都20多了还是个愣头儿青！cub作为词根是“睡觉”的意思
【参】cube（n 立方体）；incubation（n 孵蛋；潜伏期）
noun countable
YOUNG ANIMAL 幼兽
■a young lion, bear, wolf , etc. （狮、熊、狼等的）幼崽，幼兽
[kʌb] noun countable
BOY 男孩 (also cub scout)
■a boy aged between 8 and 11 years old who is a member of the international organization called the Scouts （年龄在8至11岁之间的）幼年童子军
n. 幼兽；不懂规矩的年轻人
 - get, joey

Word: allure
Front: allure
[əˈlʊə(r)] (托 11876/22427 -1)
Vocabulary: allure
(once / 769 pages)
nv
If you find yourself making eyes at that stranger across the coffee shop, chances are there is an allure about him or her — something mysteriously, powerfully attractive and tempting.
You've probably noticed that allure contains lure, from the German word luder meaning "bait." A well-made lure is so alluring to a fish that it won't notice the hook. First used in the 15th century, this word has even landed its own fashion magazine — "Allure," which tries to tempt people to buy it by putting powerfully attractive people on the cover and hoping you'll believe that if you buy it, you'll have some allure as well.
WORD FAMILY
allure: allured, allurement, allures, alluring +/allurement: allurements/ alluring: alluringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Robinson conveys a frosty allure as an enchantress who reduces men to messes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A video features the alluring Thomas Edwards, of the Scottish Ballet, in a hawk costume, as he reimagines the play’s largely undocumented choreography.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The mystery and allure of the original building factors heavily into the museum’s identity, Manné said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 诱惑力，魅力
vt. & vi. 引诱，诱惑; 吸引
vt. 引诱，诱惑; 勾引
vi. 诱人，吸引人
时态：allured, alluring, allures
分布：吸引(38%)，诱惑(28%)，吸引力(22%)，诱惑力(12%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 单词 lure, 诱惑。
UK [-'lʊər] US [-'lʊr] noun uncountable
■the quality of being attractive, interesting or exciting 诱惑；魅力；吸引力
• the allure of working in television 电视行业工作所具有的吸引力
• sexual allure 性魅力
vt. 引诱，诱惑；吸引
 - absorb, attract, engage, induce, seduce
n. 诱惑力
 - duende

Word: unruly
Front: unruly
[ʌnˈru:li] (托 11878/13824 -1)
Vocabulary: unruly
(once / 2169 pages)
adj
Unruly means lacking in restraint or not submitting to authority. Spitballs, shouting kids, a shouting teacher––these are all signs of an unruly classroom. Often, one unruly student is all it takes.
It's easy to see how un- "not" and ruly "rule" create a word that is all about not following rules. An unruly person refuses to obey authority, while an unruly piece of hair might refuse to stay inside a clip.
WORD FAMILY
unruly: unrulier, unruliest, unruliness+/ruly: unruly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Loud, inappropriate and unruly behavior is not tolerated in our luxury resorts.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“Great Ambition unchecked by principle . . . is an unruly Tyrant.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“He’s behaving like somewhat of an unruly, petulant child,” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 不守规矩的; 任性的; 难驾驭的; 难控制的
分布：任性的(49%)，无法无天的(28%)，难控制的(23%)
【记】un不，ruly＝rule（v 统治）－没法统治的
【反】subdued（adj 屈服的）；disciplined（adj 遵守纪律的）
adjective
■Unruly people are difficult to control and often don't obey rules （人）难以控制的，难驾驭的，难管束的
• an unruly class of adolescents 难以管理的少年班别
■Unruly hair is difficult to keep tidy, often sticking up or out （头发）难梳理的，蓬乱的
• an unruly mop of black hair 一头又难梳理又乱蓬蓬的黑发
adj. 不守规矩的；任性的；难驾驭的
 - wayward, self-partial

Word: median
Front: median
[ˈmi:diən] (6806/8361 -1)
Vocabulary: median
(once / 1583 pages)
adjn
Median means middle. When a strip of grass divides one direction of a highway from another, it's called a median because it runs through the middle.
Median comes from the Latin word medius, which also means middle. In math, the median is a number in the middle of a list. In the set 2, 3, 5, 10, 25, the median is 5. The statistical median is often linked to the idea of an average. A town's average income might seem high if there are two extremely rich people who live there. The median will tell you the income of the person halfway through the list.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
mean / median / average
Wordsmiths sometimes dislike numbers, or at least have a hard time grasping them. These words offer us an opportunity to better understand numbers and use their terms more precisely in writing and speaking.
Let's say we have a set of numbers:
- 11
- 23
- 30
- 47
- 56
The mean, sometimes called the arithmetic mean, of this set is 33. The mean is the sum of all the numbers in the set (167) divided by the amount of numbers in the set (5).
The median is the middle point of a number set, in which half the numbers are above the median and half are below. In our set above, the median is 30. But what if your number set has an even number of, er, numbers:
- 11
- 23
- 30
- 47
- 52
- 56
To calculate the median here, add the two middle numbers (30 + 47) and divide by 2. The median for our new list is 38.5.
So far, so good. But what about average? The average of a set of numbers is the same as its mean; they're synonyms.
Let's see our terms in action:
Performance is calculated by the arithmetic mean of the returns in an equally weighted portfolio of individual stocks, on a quarterly basis.
The median single-family homeowner in town will pay $175 more in property taxes this year.
Average retail gas prices in California fell 1.3 cents in the last week, putting the average tank of gas at $3.13 per gallon.
While we wordy types may still struggle to understand what an "equally weighted portfolio" is, wonder whether we are median single-family homeowners, or continue to look for lower-than-average gas prices, at least we know how the mean, median, and average were calculated.
WORD FAMILY
median: medians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Median home prices in Washington soared to record highs last year.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Montes says Gallon lost control of her car, crossed a median and drove into oncoming traffic.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Romney–Clinton counties were especially affluent, though, with a median home price above $300,000 — twice that of the typical county carried by Trump.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 中央的; 中间的; [数]中值的
n. [数]中值; 中位数; 中线
分布：中值(62%)，中位数(32%)，中间的(3%)，中央的(1%)，中动脉(1%)，正中的(1%)
→来自拉丁语medius,在中间，词源同middle.引申词义中间值的。
中央的(med+ian)[med=middle,表示"中间"]
adjective specialized
■describes the value which is the middle one in a set of values arranged in order of size 中间的，居中的；中位数的
• Median household income fell last year. 去年家庭收入中位数下降了。
medium, median, average
这些形容词均含“中等的，平均的，适中的”之意。
medium: 指按照某种标准来说是适中或中等的。这种标准可以是通过仪器测量而来，也可能是凭经验而得出。
mediam: 指中间位置的，统计学上指处于中间位置的一个数的。
average: 通常用来形容优劣难分的平庸或折衷情况，也指理论上的平均标准。
n. 中值， [数] 中位数；中线
 - mid-value, medium value
adj. 中值的；中央的
 - mid, centre

Word: distraught
Front: distraught
[dɪˈstrɔ:t] (宝 11877/12164 -1)
Vocabulary: distraught
(once / 3725 pages)
adj
If you are upset, you are distraught. If you don't want to explain why you are pulling your hair out, just utter "Leave me alone; I'm distraught." It'll work.
While distraught may sound like an old Germanic past participle, it is actually an alteration of distract from the Latin distrahere "to draw in different directions." If you are distraught, you are so upset that it's hard to think straight, hence your mind is "drawn in different directions."
WORD FAMILY
distraught: distraughtly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I am distraught,” said longtime customer Nancy Thompson, a travel agent.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Dozens remain missing and their distraught families are waiting anxiously as rescue efforts continue.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
The distraught young woman testified about a terrifying event at a Kuwait City hospital.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 心神错乱的; 几乎发狂的; 忧心如焚的
分布：心烦意乱(51%)，发狂的(34%)，忧心如焚的(15%)
→来自distract, 分心。-ght,拼写模仿caught. 即分心的，发狂的。
【记】是distract（v 使精神错乱；使不安）的变体dis向四面八方，traught读：撞他－开着一辆破车到处乱撞－肯定是因为失恋了而心神狂乱的
【反】composed（adj 镇定的）
US [-'strɑ:t] adjective
■extremely worried, nervous or upset 极其不安的，非常焦虑的，心烦意乱的
• The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV. 失踪儿童的父母极为焦虑，在电视上恳请大家提供相关消息。
adj. 发狂的；心烦意乱的
 - nuts, delirious

Word: Alaskan
Front: Alaskan
[əˈlæskən] (11861/26086)
Back: n. 阿拉斯加人
adj. 阿拉斯加的；阿拉斯加州的
分布：阿拉斯加的(54%)，阿拉斯加人(46%)
noun countable adjective
■Alaskan 阿拉斯加人／阿拉斯加的

Word: grassland
Front: grassland
[ˈgrɑ:slænd] (11859/10622 -1)
Back: n. 草原; 牧场; 草地
分布：草地(95%)，牧场(5%)
US ['græs-] noun countable or uncountable
■a large area of land covered with grass 草原；草场
• the grasslands of North America 北美洲草原
n. 草原； [畜牧] 牧草地
 - veldt, pastureland

Word: quiet
Front: quiet
[ˈkwaɪət] (中高 1435/1437 -K4)
Vocabulary: quiet
(once / 33 pages)
1adjnvadv 2adjnv
To be quiet means you don't make any noise. When you’re trying not to wake a sleeping lion, you will be quiet when you run by it.
The versatile quiet, which can be a noun, adjective, or verb (to quiet others), is one of those words that is best understood through its antonyms — loud or hectic. Let a marching band practice in your apartment, and you will long for a little quiet. Quiet is one of those words that thankfully follow the "i" before "e," except after "c" spelling rule.
WORD FAMILY
quiet: disquiet, quieted, quieten, quieter, quietest, quieting, quietingly, quietism, quietly, quietness, quiets, unquiet+/ disquiet: disquieted, disquieting, disquiets/disquieted: disquietedly/disquieting: disquietingly/quieten: quietened, quietening, quietens/quietism: quietist/quietist: quietists/quietness: quietnesses/unquiet: unquietest, unquietly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He holds a file folder; the room is totally quiet except for the tap-tap-tap of his forefinger on the folder.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Quiet sitting at room temperature is the standard RMR reference point; this is referred to as one metabolic equivalent, or MET.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He kept quiet and did his job through the commotion.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 清静的; 僻静的; 不起眼的; 不激动的
vt. & vi. 安静下来，使…安静，平静
vt. 减轻（病痛、疑虑、恐惧等）; [法律]确定（产权等）
prep. 克制的，稳重的，不张扬的
n. 宁静; 寂静
adv. 安静地，平静地
时态：quieted, quieting, quiets
分布：安静(59%)，安静的(19%)，平静(11%)，宁静的(5%)，平静的(4%)，平静下来(1%)，闲适(1%)
→来自拉丁语quies,静止，平和，休息，来自kweie,休息，安静，词源同while,quit.
a.安静的,平静的n.安静v.使安静,平静The writer writes the white book quite quietly in quilt.作家在被子里十分平静地写白皮书.
【反】boisterous（adj 狂暴喧闹的）
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■making very little noise 静的，安静的，轻轻的
• She spoke in a quiet voice so as not to wake him. 她轻声说话，以免吵醒他。
• It's so quiet without the kids here. 孩子们不在，这里真安静。
• Please be quiet (= stop talking) ! 请安静！
• Could you keep quiet while I'm on the phone, please? 我打电话时，你可以不出声吗？
• She was as quiet as a mouse (= very quiet). I didn't even know she'd come in. 她安静如鼠，我连她进来了也没注意到。
 ESSENTIAL
■having little activity or excitement and few people 平静的，宁静的
• a quiet, peaceful little village 宁静太平的小村庄
• It was a quiet wedding, with just a few friends and relations. 那是一场平静的婚礼，只有几位朋友和亲戚在场。
• Business is quiet during the holidays. 节假日期间生意很清淡。
 IMPROVER
■A quiet person is one who does not talk much 寡言的，话不多的
• He was a quiet, almost taciturn, young man. 他是个文静、几乎不怎么说话的年轻人。
keep (sth) quiet
■to try to stop other people from finding out about a fact （对…）守口如瓶；（对…）保密
• She managed to keep the operation quiet for a while. 她设法令该行动在一段时间内保密。
• Davies kept quiet about the amount of money being spent. 戴维斯对已花费的款项守口如瓶。
[kwaɪət] noun uncountable
■the state of being silent 安静，静谧
• Let's have some quiet! 让我们安静一会吧！
• I go camping for some peace and quiet (= absence of activity and excitement). 我去露营静修。
[kwaɪət] noun uncountable
on the quiet informal
■secretly 秘密地，不为人注意地、暗地里
• His wife found out he'd been seeing someone on the quiet. 他妻子发现他一直在偷偷地和别人约会。
noiseless, silent, calm, peaceful, serene, still, quiet
这组词都有“平静的，无声无息”的意思，其区别是：
noiseless: 指无任何噪音或不出声，无声无息。
silent: 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。
calm: 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。
peaceful: 普通用词，指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在宁静或和平状态。
serene: 指一种超脱一切烦恼的宁静状态。
still: 指平静而又安定的状态。
quiet: 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
adj. 安静的；安定的；不动的；温顺的
 - balanced, still, tranquil
n. 安静；和平
 - peace, tranquilness
vt. 使平息；安慰
 - comfort, appease
vi. 平静下来
 - calm down, wind down

Word: approximate
Front: approximate
[əˈprɒksɪmət] (研四六托雅宝 11835/9895 -K2)
Vocabulary: approximate
(once / 486 pages)
adjv
To approximate is to calculate the value of something based on informed knowledge. A computer program can approximate the value of a house based on square footage, number of rooms, year built, and other relevant factors.
As a verb, approximate means "to estimate." Unlike the word guess, approximate implies the use of a logical or mathematical method. You might guess how tall a friend is based on the first number that comes to mind, but you could approximate his height by using your own height as a comparison. As an adjective, approximate can mean "near" or "close together." If your friend calls to say he’s at a location approximate to your house, she’s in your neighborhood.
WORD FAMILY
approximate: approximated, approximately, approximates, approximating, approximation, approximative+/ approximation: approximations/approximative: approximatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
All you need is a picture of what is to be hit, and an approximate location, for Spice to find and hit it.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
It is no secret the state’s three pro teams have turned this into something approximating the Natural Florida Losers league in recent years.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Police say the jawbone was not found, so the artist had to approximate the appearance of the young man’s chin and lower jaw.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 约莫的，大概的; 极相似的; [植]相近但不连接的
vi. 接近于; 近似于
vt. 靠近; 使接近; 使结合
时态：approximated, approximating, approximates
分布：接近(51%)，近似的(34%)，大约的(10%)，约等于(5%)
→前缀ap-同ad-.词根prop, 接近，向前，pro的扩大形式。-m, 最高级后缀.
接近大约的(ap一再+proxim+ate→不断靠近→接近)[proxim=close,near,表示"接近,靠近"]
a.近似的vi.(to)接近My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value.我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.
【记】ap一再，proxim接近－大约的
US [-ˈprɑːk]
 ADVANCED
■not completely accurate but close 大致的，大约的，大概的
• The train's approximate time of arrival is 10.30. 这列火车大概在10点30分到站。
• The approximate cost will be about $600. 费用大约为600美元。
• Can you give me an approximate idea of the numbers involved? 你能粗略地告诉我参与的人数吗？
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive UK [əˈprɒk.sɪ.meɪt] US [-ˈprɑːk-] formal
■to be almost the same as 接近，近似
• The newspaper reports of the discussion only roughly approximated to (= were not exactly the same as) what was actually said. 报纸关于这次商讨的报导并不完全符合实际。
• Student numbers this year are expected to approximate 5000 (= to be about 5000). 预计今年学生人数可达5000人左右。
vi. 接近于； [数] 近似于
 - close to, border on
adj. [数] 近似的；大概的
 - near, broad, round

Word: bagel
Front: bagel
[ˈbeɪgl] (11895/37938)
Vocabulary: bagel
(once / 18614 pages)
n
A bagel is a kind of baked good made by boiling and then baking a circle of dough until the inside is chewy and the outside is slightly crisp. New York is famous for having many great bagel shops.
A bagel is a traditional Jewish roll that's shaped like a doughnut and often served sliced in half, toasted, and spread with butter or cream cheese. New Yorkers claim that their city has the best bagels in the world, although Montreal is also known for its delicious bagels. The word is from the Yiddish beygl, with an Old High German root, boug, or "ring," which describes a bagel's shape.
WORD FAMILY
bagel: bagels
USAGE EXAMPLES
People keep bringing delicious doughnuts and bagels to work and leave them lying around for everyone to eat.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
I learned my lesson from the last incident: Don’t deliberate over bagel flavors at the airport deli when your plane is boarding.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
The next morning, it attracted a line for bagels outside.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 硬面包圈
分布：百吉饼(84%)，硬面包圈(16%)
→bag-,词源同bow,弯，-el,小词后缀。形容该面包外观。
noun countable
■a small, hard roll of bread in the shape of a ring 面包圈；贝果
• an onion bagel 洋葱贝果

Word: up-to-date
Front: up-to-date
['ʌptə'deɪt] (四六雅)
Back: adj. 现代的，最新的; 最近的; 新式的
分布：最新的(100%)
a.现代化的,最新的;跟上时代的The fateful up-to-date data of the gate have a fatal error.大门的决定性最新数据有一个致命错误.
up to date
adj.最近的,最新的
adjective
 ADVANCED
■modern, recent, or containing the latest information 现代的；最近的；包含最新资讯的
• Great trouble is taken to keep our database up-to-date. 我们花了很大力气不断更新资料库。
⇒ See also update
modern, present, up-to-date, contemporary, current, recent
这组词都有“现代的，当代的”的意思，其区别是：
modern: 指现代或近代，时期可长可短。也可指新颖、时髦的。
present: 是这些词中语气最强的一个。指现在正发生、起作用的。
up-to-date: 一般用于非正式场合，指很时新、能反映当前的最新发展。
contemporary: 仅指当今这个时代，不涉及任何过去的时代。但可表示不同的人或物存在于同一时代。
current: 指目前存在和发生的。
recent: 表示新近的，最近的，时间的长短依据所修饰的人或物而定。
adj. 最新的，最近的；现代的，新式的
 - recent, latest, modern, current, last

Word: sprint
Front: sprint
[sprɪnt] (雅宝 8582/12269 -2)
Vocabulary: sprint
(once / 1350 pages)
vn
When you run really fast, you sprint. You and your sister might sprint to the bus stop, racing to see who can get there first.
In the sport of track and field, a sprint is a short race that's run at top speed the whole way. Two professional cyclists also sprint when they race on bikes that start out side-by-side. If you notice a swarm of angry wasps heading your direction, you can sprint indoors, hoping you move faster than they do. Sprint has a Scandinavian root, possibly the Old Norse word spretta, "to jump up."
WORD FAMILY
sprint: sprinted, sprinter, sprinting, sprints+/sprinter: sprinters
USAGE EXAMPLES
"When the players are sprinting it is hard for the referees, I am the first to say that. "But the players were walking.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Soon he was followed by sprinting, dancing teammates who were quickly engulfed in hugs and confetti.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The junior confidently drilled the Rose Bowl winner, sprinting away to celebrate amid pandemonium in the packed stadium.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vi. 冲刺，全速短跑
n. 全速短跑; 速度或活动的突然爆发
时态：sprinted, sprinting, sprints
分布：冲刺(95%)，短距离赛跑(3%)，全力奔跑(2%)
→词源可能同 spring,弹，跳，蹦。引申词义短跑，冲刺。
【记】跑得像print印刷一样快就是sprint
verb intransitive
■to run as fast as you can over a short distance, either in a race or because you are in a great hurry to get somewhere 短距离快速奔跑，冲刺
• We had to sprint to catch the bus. 我们不得不飞奔赶上公车。
[sprɪnt] noun
countable
■a short and very fast race, such as the 100-metre race, or the last part of a longer running race which is run as fast as possible 短跑；（长距离赛跑的）冲刺
• the 100-metre sprint 百米短跑
only singular
■a very fast run that someone makes when they are in a great hurry to get somewhere （短距离）全速奔跑
• He suddenly broke into (= started) a sprint. 他突然开始飞奔起来。
vi. 冲刺，全速跑
 - spurt
n. 冲刺；短跑
 - spurt

Word: thankfully
Front: thankfully
[ˈθæŋkfəli] (11882/8647)
Back: adv. （用以表示高兴或宽慰）幸亏; 高兴地，感激地
分布：感谢地(100%)
adverb
■used, usually at the beginning of a sentence, to show you are pleased or grateful about something （通常用于句首，表示高兴或感激）幸好，幸亏
• Thankfully, nobody was hurt. 谢天谢地，没有人受伤。
adv. 感谢地；感激地
 - gratefully, appreciatively

Word: jab
Front: jab
[dʒæb] (11904/16244 -1)
Vocabulary: jab
(once / 3261 pages)
vn
When you jab someone, you poke that person. No one on the school bus wants to sit next to the kid who tends to jab people in their ribs with his sharp elbows.
You might accidentally jab a man on the elevator with your umbrella, or jab your annoying brother on purpose when he's talking with his mouth full at dinner. Another kind of jab is a quick, sharp punch, especially the kind you make in martial arts. The word comes from the Scottish job, "to strike, pierce, or thrust," which in turn is rooted in the Middle English jobben, "to jab or thrust."
WORD FAMILY
jab: jabbed, jabbing, jabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
They fought with jabs from a kid quarterback, roundhouses from acrobatic receivers and knockdowns by giant linemen.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SEE ALSO: Milo jabs Twitter, ‘social justice warriors’ after signing $250K book deal: ‘Be scared’
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He jabbed the bag with his left hand — thwack — and frowned.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 猛刺; 猛击; 猛碰
vi. 戳，刺; 猛击
n. 猛戳; 刺进; 猛碰; 注射
时态：jabbed, jabbing, jabs
分布：戳(41%)，刺(38%)，猛击(21%)
→来自苏格兰语job拼写变体，刺，戳，捅，可能来自拟声词。
verb (-bb-)
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to push or hit something forcefully and quickly, often with a thin or sharp object （用…）刺，戳，捅
• The doctor jabbed the needle into the dog's leg. 医生将针头扎入狗的腿中。
• Watch out! You nearly jabbed me in the eye with your umbrella! 小心！你的雨伞快戳到我眼睛了！
• He was jabbing a finger at (= towards) them and shouting angrily. 他用手指着他们，愤怒地又喊又叫。
intransitive
■to make quick forceful hits with your fist (= closed hand) when boxing （拳击时用拳）猛击
transitive
■to kick a ball hard and quickly 猛踢（球）
• He jabbed the ball into the net in the final minute of the game. 在比赛的最后一刻他一脚劲射将球踢入网窝。
[dʒæb] noun countable
■a quick hard push or hit 刺，戳，捅；猛击
• She gave me a sharp jab in the ribs with her elbow to stop me from saying any more. 她用手肘猛戳了一下我的胸口，不让我再说下去。
• The boxer was floored by a punishing left jab. 拳击手被一记凶狠的左刺拳击倒在地。
■UK informal
■an injection 注射
• a flu jab 流感预防针
• You'll need some jabs if you're going to Egypt. 如果去埃及，你需要打一些防疫针。
vt. 戳；猛击；用拨火棒等捅
 - stick, pink
vi. 戳；刺；用拳猛击
 - run through, poke
n. 戳；猛击；注射
 - injection, dig

Word: eschew
Front: eschew
[ɪsˈtʃu:] (托宝 11880/14281 -1)
Vocabulary: eschew
(once / 3772 pages)
v
If you eschew something, you deliberately avoid it. If you live the bohemian life in the city, then most likely you eschew the suburbs.
Eschew comes from a word meaning dread, or shun. So to eschew something isn’t simply to avoid it, the way you would avoid walking in a puddle––it's stronger than that. You eschew things that you find morally or aesthetically wrong, or that you have chosen to find wrong. A dieter might eschew a chocolate sundae, not because he doesn’t like it, but because he’s afraid of what it will do to his waistline.
WORD FAMILY
eschew: eschewed, eschewing, eschews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Demand for urban properties jumped after the housing bust as young, high-earning professionals eschewed homeownership and flocked to big cities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Is there anything more serious in our Future Shocked world than eschewing technology and finding a higher truth in emotion and natural sensitivity?
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Eschewing reliance on vulnerable transport connections, experimenting with seasonality and crop selection, and strengthening community ties will help both mitigation and adaptation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 避开，回避
时态：eschewed, eschewing, eschews
分布：避开(63%)，回避(22%)，戒绝(15%)
→e-, 缓音字母。-schew, 同shy, 害羞，逃避。
【记】es离开，chew（v 咀嚼；深思）－通过深思而离开某物－戒绝读：it’s true！：这是真的？本拉登要来我们家避难？？快躲开！！！Eschew的东西不值得chew。
【反】seek（v 寻找）；habitually indulge in（习惯性地沉溺）；embrace（v 拥抱）；greet（v 接受；问候）；welcome（v /n 欢迎）
[ɪs'tʃu:] formal
verb transitive
■to avoid something intentionally, or to give something up 回避，避开；放弃
• We won't have discussions with this group unless they eschew violence. 除非这个团体放弃使用暴力，否则我们不会与之举行会谈。
vt. 避免；避开；远避
 - escape, shun

Word: stuffing
Front: stuffing
[ˈstʌfɪŋ] (11852/15693 -1)
Back: n. 填充物
vt. 填充(stuff的现在分词)
分布：动词stuff的现在分词.(100%)
→stuff,填满，塞满，-ing,动名词后缀。
noun uncountable
MATERIAL 材料
■material which is pushed inside something to make it firm 填料，填充物
• This cushion is losing its stuffing. 这个垫子内藏的填料散失。
['stʌf.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
■a mixture of food, such as bread, onions and herbs, which is put inside something which is going to be eaten, such as a chicken or a vegetable, before cooking it （烹饪前塞在鸡、蔬菜等里的）填料，馅
• a stuffing for the turkey 火鸡填馅
• sage-and-onion stuffing 洋苏叶和洋葱填料
['stʌf.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
beat/kick/knock the stuffing out of sb informal
■to hit or kick someone very severely 狠狠打／踢／揍（某人）
• The muggers really kicked the stuffing out of him. 劫匪把他打了个半死。
['stʌf.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
knock/take the stuffing out of sb/sth informal
■to make someone or something become very weak 严重削弱，使元气大伤
• Her illness has really knocked the stuffing out of her. 疾病把她折磨得不成人样。
n. [包装] [机] 填料，填塞物
 - filling compound, filling material

Word: looming
Front: looming
['lu:mɪŋ] (11890/18744)
Back: n. 上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）
v. 隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 ); 隐约出现，阴森地逼近
分布：动词loom的现在分词形式.(100%)
adjective
■(of something unwanted or unpleasant) happening soon and causing worry （不希望或不愉快的事情）迫近的，逼近的
• the looming crisis 迫在眉睫的危机

Word: borough
Front: borough
[ˈbʌrə] (11872/3150 -2)
Vocabulary: borough
(once / 986 pages)
n
A borough is a town that has its own government. It also can be a part of a big city that has powers of self-government. Manhattan is just one of the five boroughs that make up New York City.
When a borough is part of a big city, it represents a more formal division than just a neighborhood. It’s a separate town, often one that has its own government. When you move from one borough to another, you might notice different tax rates or different parking regulations. In England the word often refers to a town that has a representative in Parliament. Pronounce the second syllable in borough with a long “o” sound, like the donkey (burro).
WORD FAMILY
borough: boroughs
USAGE EXAMPLES
His death was confirmed by his niece Ruth W. Messinger, the former Manhattan borough president.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Fairbanks North Star Borough is about the size of New Jersey, most of it wooded, wild and dazzlingly beautiful in winter.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Fairbanks North Star Borough is about the size of New Jersey, most of it wooded, wild and beautiful in winter.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 自治的市镇; 有议员选举权的市镇; 纽约市五个行政区之一
分布：区(89%)，自治的市镇(11%)
→来自PIE *bhergh(2), 高，高山。原指建于山上的城堡。参照电影《魔戒》建于高山的壮观的钢铎城。词源同burg, 城镇。
US ['bɝ:.oʊ] noun countable
■a town, or a division of a large town 市镇；大城市中的行政区
n. 区；自治的市镇
 - sanjak, tehsil

Word: hind
Front: hind
[haɪnd] (11869/11882 -1)
Back: adj. （常指动物腿）后面的; 在后的; （通常与can或could连用）唠叨不停; 滔滔不绝
n. 雌鹿; 石斑鱼; <古>乡下人; <英>有经验的农场工人
分布：后部的(33%)，雌鹿(28%)，石斑鱼(21%)，在后的(18%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*hind,后面，词源同behind.进一步可能来自ken,使运动，移动，词源同cinema,conation,kinetic.即运动准备，后腿发力，引申词义后面的，后腿的。
adjective [before noun]
■at the back of an animal's body （动物）身体后部的
• a hind leg 后腿
[haɪnd] noun countable (plural hinds or hind) mainly UK a female deer, especially a red deer 母鹿；（尤指）雌赤鹿
hind, backward, behind, back
这组词都有“在后，向后”的意思，其区别是：
hind: 指成对并且分前后的东西的“后面的”。
backward: 可用于人或物，指向后的，落后的或迟钝的。
behind: 指一物同它物相对的位置或场所。
back: 作为副词或形容词时，强调所修饰物的位置以及动作运动方向。
adj. 后部的
 - retral, rearend

Word: wither
Front: wither
[ˈwɪðə(r)] (六托雅宝 11891/11732 -1)
Vocabulary: wither
(once / 370 pages)
v
Wither means to shrivel up or shrink. If you forget to water your plants for six weeks, they'll wither — they'll dry up and you probably won't be able to bring them back to life.
Wither comes from the Middle English word wydderen, meaning "dry up, shrivel." In addition to shrinking, the verb wither can also refer to losing vitality and fading away, like people who wither as they age. They slowly lose their physical stamina and grow feeble. People also start to physically shrink at a certain age. In that way, they wither in both senses. Not only do they wither by losing their youth, they also wither by shrinking.
WORD FAMILY
wither: withered, withering, withers +/ withering: witheringly, witherings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reality is closer to the latter: The Baltimore artist depicts discarded plants, left to wither.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Washington Irving described Madison as “but a withered little apple-John.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Within a few years, they'd withered away into political obscurity.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使枯萎; 使畏缩; 使衰弱
vi. 凋谢; 衰弱; 萎缩
时态：withered, withering, withers
分布：凋谢(92%)，以鄙视等态度慑服某人(8%)
→来自古英语wederen,暴露于空气中，枯萎，词源同weather.
【记】weather不好，植物就会wither。
【反】burgeon（n /v 发芽）；revive（v 复活）
US [-ɚ] (also wither away)
verb
intransitive or transitive
■(to cause) to become weak and dry and decay （使）枯萎，（使）干枯
• Grass had withered in the fields. 田里的草都枯萎了。
intransitive
■to slowly disappear, lose importance or become weaker 萎缩；逐渐消失
• This country is in danger of allowing its industrial base to wither away. 这个国家正面临工业基础萎缩的危险。
UK ['wɪð.ər] US [-ɚ] (also wither away)
verb
wither on the vine literary
■If something withers on the vine, it is destroyed very gradually, usually because no one does anything to help or support it （通常指因缺乏帮助或支持而）逐渐消失，渐渐破灭
• There was some debate as to whether the benefit scheme should be withdrawn or simply allowed to wither on the vine. 究竟是取消这个救济方案还是让它自然消失，有待讨论。
fade, wither
这组词都有“凋谢”的意思，其区别是：
fade: 侧重指渐渐失去色彩和光泽。
wither: 指因无活力而丧失生命力。
vt. 使凋谢；使畏缩；使衰弱
 - debilitate, devitalize
vi. 枯萎；凋谢；衰弱
 - flag, damp off

Word: propagate
Front: propagate
[ˈprɒpəgeɪt] (六托雅宝 11865/10193 -1)
Vocabulary: propagate
(once / 813 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To propagate is to be fruitful and multiply, by the usual routes of reproduction, or by spreading something around — like a rumor.
Propagate comes from the Latin word propagare, which means to "reproduce plants, breed." Plants love to propagate, especially when someone with a green thumb starts off with a jade plant stem in water and ends up with a garden full of the succulents. Plants aren't the only things to propagate like bunnies: In the movie Twelve Monkeys, a virus propagates quickly, killing almost everyone in the world. Sound and light can also spread, or propagate, through the air.
WORD FAMILY
propagate: propagated, propagates, propagating, propagation, propagative, propagator+/ propagation: propagations/propagator: propagators
USAGE EXAMPLES
According to Breitbart, those propagating hate were no more genuinely bigoted than 1980s heavy metal fans genuinely worshiped Satan.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
For the system to continue to propagate, all parts need to be present.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
This is a fallacy propagated by rejectionists of Israel and accepted unquestioningly by the international diplomatic community.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 繁衍，增殖; 使遗传; 扩散; 使蔓延
vi. 繁殖; 扩大; [物] 通过媒介传送
时态：propagated, propagating, propagates
分布：传播(65%)，繁殖(21%)，增殖(7%)，传送(7%)
→来自拉丁语propagare,延伸，扩展，繁殖，来自pro-,向前，-pag,固定，词源同page,compact.比喻用法，原指使植物新芽繁殖，扩大种植，引申词义宣传，传播。
【记】pro前，pa趴，gate门－向前趴在门上，联想上宿舍推销的人员－传播－一个传播一个－繁殖
【参】propel（v 推进；驱使）；propeller（n 推进者；推进物）
【反】fail to multiply（不能繁殖）；check（v 阻碍）
US ['prɑ:.pə-] verb
GROW 生长
intransitive or transitive
■to produce a new plant from a parent plant （使）（植物）繁殖
• Most house plants can be propagated from stem cuttings. 大多数室内植物都能由切下来的茎繁殖。
• Plants needs certain conditions to propagate. 植物需要一定的条件才能繁殖。
intransitive or transitive formal
■(of a plant or animal) to reproduce （动植物）繁殖，繁衍
UK ['prɒp.ə.geɪt] US ['prɑ:.pə-] verb
SPREAD 散播
transitive formal
■to spread opinions, lies or religions among a lot of people 传播，散播；宣传
• The government have tried to propagate the belief that this is a just war. 政府竭力宣扬这是一场正义之战。
• Such lies are propagated in the media. 这样的谎言透过媒体传播开来。
distribute, propagate, spread, circulate
这组词都有“传播，散播”的意思，其区别是：
distribute: 指把一定数量的东西分成若干等份进行分发。
propagate: 指自觉地努力推广，也指宣传或散布。
spread: 普通用词，使用广泛。指传播疾病、思想、文化、习惯或谣言等。
circulate: 既指某物在一物体内循环流动，又可指在一定范围内传播物品、刊物或思想、语言等。
vt. 传播；传送；繁殖；宣传
 - breed, transmit
vi. 繁殖；增殖
 - breed, increase

Word: almighty
Front: almighty
[ɔ:lˈmaɪti] (11894/9852 -1)
Vocabulary: almighty
(once / 3842 pages)
adj
Anything that's almighty is extremely powerful. In fact, being almighty gives something (or someone) an infinite amount of power.
Originally, the adjective almighty was capitalized and used to refer to God. It comes from the Old English ælmihtig, "all-powerful." You could also describe something that's almighty as "omnipotent" or even "godlike." Today people often use almighty in a sarcastic or ironic way to talk about things that exert a ridiculously huge amount of control over people: "All he cares about is the almighty dollar."
WORD FAMILY
almighty: almightily
USAGE EXAMPLES
I mean, God almighty, it was very exasperating.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“You are the almighty God, our God forever.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But it will be an almighty shock if the Fed doesn’t hike today....
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Almighty
(once / 808 pages)
n
The Almighty is another word for God. If you practice a Judeo-Christian religion, you're probably familiar with mentions of the Almighty.
You're most likely to come across references to God as the Almighty in a Christian Bible, although one common Hebrew name for God, El Shaddai, can be translated as either "the Almighty," or "the all sufficient." The Old English source is ælmihtig, a compound of æl, "all," and mihtig, or "mighty," which is rooted in miht, "might," but also "power or authority."
WORD FAMILY
Almighty: Almighties
USAGE EXAMPLES
As I feast on my crow, I will thank the Almighty for my fellow Americans and pray for healing, togetherness and unity.
Seattle Times(Nov 12, 2016)
The Almighty plays a central part in the hallowed 12 steps of Alcoholics Anonymous.
The Guardian(Nov 08, 2016)
Khomeini’s regime was a seemingly omnipotent police state that claimed to derive legitimacy from Almighty God.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 全能的; 万能的; 有无限权力的; 非常的
adv. 非常
n. 全能的神
分布：万能的(82%)，极大的(10%)，极度地(8%)
→组合词。al同all, 全部的。might, 能力，同may(原指能力，后指也许）。
US [ɑ:l'maɪ.tˌi] adjective
GOD 上帝
■(of God) having the power to do everything （上帝）全能的，万能的，有无限权力的
• Almighty God 全能的上帝
UK [ɔ:l'maɪ.ti] US [ɑ:l'maɪ.tˌi] adjective
BIG 大的
[before noun] informal
■very big, loud or serious 非常大的；声音很大的；十分严重的
• All of a sudden we heard an almighty crash from the kitchen. 突然我们听到厨房中发出一声巨响。
• There was an almighty row when I asked them to leave. 我请他们离开时，他们大吵大闹起来。
UK [ɔ:l'maɪ.ti] US [ɑ:l'maɪ.tˌi] adjective
God/Christ almighty! informal
■an expression of anger or surprise. Some people consider this offensive. （表示愤怒或惊奇，有些人认为具有冒犯性）我的天啊！
adj. 全能的；有无限权力的
 - totipotent, all-powerful
adv. 非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
n. 全能的神
 - Almighty God

Word: liberating
Front: liberating
[ˈlibəreitɪŋ] (11892/18578)
Back: v. 解放，释放( liberate的现在分词 )
分布：解放(76%)，放出(20%)，释出(3%)，使获得自由(1%)
US [-ɚ.eɪ.tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel free and able to behave as you like 令人感到自由的，令人畅快的，令人自由自在的
• Taking all your clothes off can be a very liberating experience. 脱掉所有衣服能让你感到非常自由自在。

Word: reimburse
Front: reimburse
[ˌri:ɪmˈbɜ:s] (六托雅宝 11893/14990 -1)
Vocabulary: reimburse
(once / 3080 pages)
v
If you buy a basketball for your school team with your own money, and you ask your coach to reimburse you, you are asking him to pay you back. To reimburse is to compensate for an expense or loss.
The person who collects money at a college is the bursar, a purse is where you store money, and reimburse means to pay money back. All three of these words share the Latin root bursa 'moneybag.' If you want to be paid back for overpaid tuition, ask the bursar, Mr. Moneybags, to reimburse you from the schools purse.
WORD FAMILY
reimburse: reimbursed, reimbursement, reimburses, reimbursing+/ reimbursement: reimbursements
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say that the state spends $20 million on legal notice advertising each year and that more than half is reimbursed by private business.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Congress recently appropriated $7 million to reimburse state and local law enforcement agencies for overtime costs associated with protecting Trump before his inauguration.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If it is learned the money was misspent, officials should demand the state be reimbursed.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 偿还，付还，归还
时态：reimbursed, reimbursing, reimburses
分布：偿还(60%)，报销(40%)
→re-,向后，往回，-im,进入，burse,钱包。引申词义偿还，补偿。
【记】re再，im进入，burse钱包－再进入钱包－偿还
US [-'bɝ:s] formal
verb transitive
■to pay back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you 偿还；付还；补偿
• The airline reimbursed me for the amount they had overcharged me. 航空公司多收了我钱，他们后来退还给我了。
• She was reimbursed by the gas company for the damage to her house. 煤气公司对她房屋遭受的损失进行了赔偿。
vt. 偿还；赔偿
 - replace, tender

Word: Tibetan
Front: Tibetan
[tɪ'betn] (11874/16253)
Back: n. 藏语；西藏人
adj. 西藏的；藏族的
分布：藏族(64%)，藏族的(36%)
adjective noun countable
■Tibetan 西藏的／西藏人
adj. 西藏的；藏族的
 - Thibetan
n. 西藏人；藏语
 - Tangut

Word: solace
Front: solace
[ˈsɒləs] (宝 11896/18592 -1)
Vocabulary: solace
(once / 1072 pages)
nv
If something eases your disappointment or grief, consider it a solace. If you're sad, you might find solace in music or in talking to your friends.
It is no surprise that consolation and solace are similar in meaning as they share a root in the Latin verb sōlārī "to comfort." In fact, solace and consolation are synonyms meaning relief from grief or disappointment. When you go to sleepaway camp, your parents will miss you, but they'll find solace in knowing that you are having fun.
WORD FAMILY
solace: solaced, solacement, solaces, solacing+/solacement: solacements
USAGE EXAMPLES
But while the prospects for hope are scarce there is, none the less, one thing from which we might draw solace.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Fisher’s literary legacy seemed to offer some solace to fans mourning her death this week, at age 60.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Still, there was solace: The Knicks looked alive on defense and on the boards.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 安慰，安慰物
vt. 安慰，慰藉; 减轻; 使快乐
时态：solaced, solacing, solaces
分布：安慰(63%)，慰藉(30%)，使快乐(3%)，使安慰(2%)，使缓和(2%)
→来自拉丁语 solacium,安慰，慰藉，使舒适，来自 solari,安慰，使欢乐，来自 sol,同情， 友善，词源同 silly,console.
安慰(sol+ace→给人太阳→安慰)[Sol=sun,表示"太阳"]
【记】so，lace（n 蕾丝花边）：用蕾丝花边安慰你女友受伤的心灵。
【参】console（v 安慰）
US ['sɑ:.lɪs] literary
noun [S or U]
■help and comfort when you are feeling sad or worried 安慰，抚慰，慰藉
• When his wife left him, he found solace in the bottle (= drank alcohol). 妻子离开他之后，他借酒消愁。
• Music was a great solace to me. 音乐对我来说是一种很好的慰藉。
UK ['sɒl.ɪs] US ['sɑ:.lɪs] literary
verb transitive
■to give help and comfort to someone when they are feeling sad or worried 安慰，安抚
n. 安慰；慰藉；安慰之物
 - comfort, relief, consolation

Word: grossly
Front: grossly
[ˈgrəʊsli] (11901/9503)
Back: adv. 非常; 十足地; 下流地; 大略
分布：非常(45%)，很(33%)，下流地(22%)
US ['groʊ-] adverb
■extremely
• It was grossly unfair to demand such a high interest rate on the loan. 贷款利息如此高是极不公平的。
• He's grossly overweight. 他严重超重。
adv. 很；非常
 - greatly, quite, badly, extremely, too, highly, far

Word: coding
Front: coding
['kəʊdɪŋ] (11854/12466 -1)
Back: n. 译码
分布：编码(99%)，动词code的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
(使物体易于辨认等的)编码方法，编码系统
Coding is a method of making something easy to recognize or distinct, for example by colouring it.
例：...a colour coding that will ensure easy reference for potential users.确保潜在用户查阅方便的颜色编码
n. 译码
 - decryption, decoding

Word: silvery
Front: silvery
[ˈsɪlvəri] (11870/12257 -1)
Back: adj. 银色的; 清脆的; 银铃般的; 银白
分布：银铃般的(60%)，银色光泽的(20%)，含银的(20%)
→silver,银，-y,形容词后缀。
US [-vɚ-] literary
adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■like silver 似银的；银色的
• The grass was silvery with frost. 结霜的草地泛着银光。
UK ['sɪl.vər.i] US [-vɚ-] literary
adjective
SOUND 声音
■having a pleasant clear musical sound
• We were woken early by the peal of silvery bells. 我们一大早就被一阵清脆的铃声吵醒了。
adj. 银色的；清脆的；银铃一般的；似银的
 - argentate, bell-like

Word: screech
Front: screech
[skri:tʃ] (11918/15185 -1)
Vocabulary: screech
(once / 1681 pages)
nv
To screech is to make a piercing, high-pitched sound. It can also be the sound itself. Want to hear a screech? Take a little kid’s lollipop away.
A screech is another word for a scream, shriek, or cry. It’s not fun to listen to. If a woman in a horror movie finds a bad guy in her closet, she’ll probably screech. If you surprise someone in the middle of the night, expect a screech. Things can also screech, like when a car screeches to a sudden stop at a red light.
WORD FAMILY
screech: screeched, screecher, screeches, screeching, screechy+/screecher: screechers/screeching: screechings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when he’s not doing that, he’s spending time in his book-lined study, Darwin screeching at the magpies outside the window.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Daily commerce in essentials including food, medicine and transportation screeched almost to a halt.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Cue the screeching brakes, because there’s always a reminder that Oubre is still a young, developing player.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 尖叫声，尖锐的声音
vt. & vi. 发出尖叫声，发出尖锐刺耳的声音; 发出恐惧或痛苦的叫喊声
时态：screeched, screeching, screeches
分布：尖叫(50%)，发出尖锐的声音(30%)，尖利刺耳的声音(20%)
【记】源于：scream（v 尖声叫）
verb intransitive
■to make an unpleasant loud high noise 尖叫；发出刺耳声
• She was screeching at him at the top of her voice. 她对着他声嘶力竭地尖叫着。
• He was screeching with pain/laughter. 他痛得大叫／笑得直叫。
• [+ speech] "Don't you dare touch me!" she screeched. “你敢碰我！”她大声叫道。
• The car screeched to a halt/standstill (= stopped very suddenly, making a loud high noise). 汽车嘎然一声刹住了。
• figurative The economic recovery is likely to screech to a halt/standstill (= stop very suddenly) if taxes are increased. 倘若加税，经济复苏很可能会突然止步。
[skri:tʃ] noun countable
■a long loud high noise which is unpleasant to hear 尖叫；刺耳声
• He let out a loud screech. 他发出了一声尖叫。
• The truck stopped with a screech of brakes. 卡车在一阵刺耳的急煞车尖啸声中停了下来。
n. 尖叫声，尖利刺耳的声音；尖声喊叫
 - squeal

Word: extinguish
Front: extinguish
[ɪkˈstɪŋgwɪʃ] (研六托雅宝 11906/11132 -1)
Vocabulary: extinguish
(once / 471 pages)
v
To extinguish something means to put an end to it, and get rid of it completely. Water can extinguish a fire; nasty smells can extinguish your appetite.
Extinguish comes from the Latin word for quench, but while we might think that quenching something, say our thirst, is good, the word extinguish often has sinister overtones. In a genocide, one group tries to extinguish another — too quench their hatred, by killing everyone in the other group.
WORD FAMILY
extinguish: extinguishable, extinguished, extinguisher, extinguishes, extinguishing+/extinguishable: inextinguishable/extinguisher: extinguishers/inextinguishable: inextinguishably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Martin Fire Chief Jamie Summers tells media outlets that the fire occurred Sunday night and was extinguished after four hours.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Any hope of extending that streak seemed to be extinguished for USC after its loss to Utah in September.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The blaze was extinguished swiftly by other people at the scene, but the man was seriously injured.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 熄灭（火）; 使（希望、爱情等）不复存在; 偿清
时态：extinguished, extinguishing, extinguishes
分布：扑灭(51%)，熄灭(33%)，消灭(12%)，偿清(3%)，使破灭(1%)
→词源同extinct, 灭绝的。
熄灭(ex+stingu+ish→把刺拿出去→刺引申为火焰→灭火)[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
v.熄灭;消灭;结束;压制;使黯然失色;偿清Our hopes have been extinguished by the failure.我们的希望因这次失败而破灭.
【记】tin－熄灭
【反】ignite（v 点燃）；kindle（v 照亮；点燃）；rekindle（v 重新点燃）
verb transitive
FIRE/LIGHT 火／光
■to stop a fire or a light burning 熄灭，扑灭（火或光）
• It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames. 消防队员花了几个小时才将烈火扑灭。
• to extinguish a cigarette 掐灭香烟
[ɪk'stɪŋ.gwɪʃ] verb transitive
FEELING/IDEA 感情／想法 literary
■to stop or get rid of an idea or feeling 使（想法或感情）破灭；使消亡
• Nothing could extinguish his love for her. 无论甚么也无法浇熄他对她的爱火。
extinguish, dispose, erase, exclude, cancel, eliminate, abolish
这组词都有“取消，除掉”的意思，其区别是：
extinguish: v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。
 • Firefighters extinguished a big fire.   消防队员扑灭了大火。
dispose: v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)
 • After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.   野餐后请清除掉垃圾。
erase: v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。
 • I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.   我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。
exclude: v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。
 • The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.   衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。
cancel: v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。
 • The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.   会议由于流感而取消了。
eliminate: v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。
 • The losing team was eliminated from further competition.   失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。
 • The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.   医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。
abolish: v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。
 • The government abolished the tax on alcohol.   政府取消了酒税。
destroy, extinguish, exterminate
这组词都有“消灭”的意思，其区别是：
destroy: 指通过杀戮或终止某人某物的机能，使之无用或毁灭。
extinguish: 原义指灭火，转义后暗示生命、希望等像火一样地消灭、熄灭。
exterminate: 指大量地、成批地杀害、消灭。
vt. 熄灭；压制；偿清
 - silence, go out

Word: brute
Front: brute
[bru:t] (四六宝 11905/11576 -1)
Vocabulary: brute
(once / 322 pages)
1adjn 2n
His road rage may turn your dad into a brute when he gets behind the wheel. A brute is a person who is as ferocious as a wild animal.
A violent, savage person can be described as a brute, and so can a wild animal. Someone who's less monstrous but is still unpleasant can also be a brute, and it can be used as an adjective to mean, basically, "brutal." If it's more animal than human, you can call it brute, like the brute power of an invading army. The Latin brutus, "heavy, dull, or stupid," gave rise to brute, which through the 15th century only referred to animals.
WORD FAMILY
brute: brutely, brutes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is we who are the true monsters and brutes and demons and wild things, not them.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s all just about brute strength,” Allen said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A grandmaster does not find the best move in a position via brute force, as a computer does.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 畜生，兽; 残暴的人; 兽性
adj. 残忍的; 畜生的，动物的; 无理性的
分布：畜生(44%)，残忍的(28%)，残忍的人(16%)，无理性的(9%)，粗暴的(3%)
→来自词根bar, 重，见barometer, 气压计，gravity, 重力。此处词义由重到呆滞，愚蠢，野兽，最后指野兽般的，野蛮的。
【记】brut野兽－残忍的人
noun countable disapproving
■a rough and sometimes violent man 残忍的人
• [as form of address] Take your hands off me, you brute! 把手松开，你这畜牲！
■an animal, especially a large one （尤指大个的）野兽，畜牲
• Your dog's an ugly brute, isn't it? 你那条狗是个丑陋的家伙，对吧？
• The oldest elephant was lame, poor brute. 那只最老的大象腿跛了，可怜的家伙。
[bru:t] adjective [before noun]
brute force
■great physical force or strength 强力，极大的力量
• In the end she used brute force to push him out. 最后她使出吃奶的力气将他推了出去。
beast, brute, creature, cattle, animal
这组词都有“动物”的意思，其区别是：
beast: 指有别于爬行动物、昆虫等的较大的四脚兽类或牛、马等牲畜。
brute: 特指野兽。用于人时，突出其野蛮或残忍。
creature: 通常指生物或动物，与非生动相对。指人时，则含怜悯或轻蔑的意味。
cattle: 指大牲畜，尤其指牛。
animal: 普通用词，指区别于植物和矿物而言的动物的总称。
adj. 残忍的；无理性的
 - cruel, ferocious
n. 畜生；残暴的人
 - beast, subman

Word: piety
Front: piety
[ˈpaɪəti] (雅 11884/12476)
Vocabulary: piety
(once / 523 pages)
n
Piety is devotion to God or to religious practices. Nuns who pray all day long are famous for their piety. If you have filial piety it means you're devoted to your parents.
Piety is sometimes used in a disapproving way to mean that the person is only pretending to be devoted or good. Piety was borrowed from French pieté "piety, pity," from Latin pietas, from pius "devoted, kind." This Latin adjective is the source of our English adjective pious.
WORD FAMILY
piety: pieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe he hopes Mr. Putin will see him as a kindred spirit: Big hombre, instinctive nationalist, zero use for liberals and their pieties.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite marrying and fathering several children, Rasputin abandoned family life in search of Orthodox Christian religious devotion and piety.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Conservative men tell of being ousted from the staunchly secularist military because of their piety.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 虔诚，虔敬
分布：虔诚(74%)，孝顺(26%)
→来自法语piete,虔诚，忠诚，怜悯，同情，来自拉丁语pietas,尽职，忠诚，笃信上帝，来自pius,友好的，善良的，词源同pity,pious.因主要用于词义虔诚，也可用于指孝顺，孝道。
【记】pious（adj 虔诚的）的名词；参：impious（adj 不尊敬的；不虔诚的）pie意大利圣馅饼，ty：吃圣饼的人是虔诚的
US ['paɪə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable (also piousness)
■strong belief in a religion that is shown in the way someone lives （对宗教）虔诚的
n. 虔诚；孝敬；虔诚的行为或语言
 - godliness, religiosity

Word: opium
Front: opium
[ˈəʊpiəm] (六 11885/15226 -1)
Back: n. 鸦片; 麻醉剂
分布：鸦片(96%)，麻醉剂(4%)
→来自拉丁语opium,鸦片，来自希腊语opion,罂粟汁，来自opos,蔬菜汁，植物汁。
US ['oʊ-] noun uncountable
■a drug made from the seeds of a poppy (= red flower) and used to control pain or to help people sleep. It can make a person who takes it want more of it and is sometimes used by people to give them temporarily pleasant effects 鸦片
• an opium addict 吸鸦片成瘾者
n. [毒物] [药] 鸦片；麻醉剂
 - meconium, detoxicator

Word: cancellation
Front: cancellation
[ˌkænsəˈleɪʃn] (托 11898/7910)
Back: n. 取消; <数>（相）约; 被取消的事物; 作废
分布：取消(86%)，撤销(10%)，废除(4%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone decides that an organized event will not happen or stops an order for something 取消；撤销；使作废
• Many trains are subject to cancellation because of the flooding. 多趟列车因洪水而被取消。
• The theatre tickets were sold out, so we waited to see if there were any cancellations (= unwanted returned tickets). 戏票已经卖光了，所以我们等着看是否有退票。
n. 取消；删除
 - withdrawal, revocation

Word: anterior
Front: anterior
[ænˈtɪəriə(r)] (宝 11851/17525)
Vocabulary: anterior
(once / 1662 pages)
1adjn 2adj
The anterior of anything is the front — in humans, it's the area toward the head of the body, opposite of the posterior. Anterior can also refer to something that came before, as in "anterior to the discovery of vaccines."
The word anterior is one of those words that are spelled the same in English today as they were in their Latin origins. It still has the same meaning — "former" or "before." You can remember that by remembering that the prefix ante- means "before." Emily Dickinson once wrote, "Love is anterior to life, posterior to death, initial of creation, and the exponent of breath."
WORD FAMILY
anterior: anteriority, anteriorly, anteriors
USAGE EXAMPLES
He contemplated a career in the N.F.L., but he tore his anterior cruciate ligament in practice and never regained top form.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He tore the anterior cruciate ligament in his left knee in 2013, and then suffered the same injury in his right knee in November 2015.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
So much for the theory that last year’s anterior cruciate ligament tear would slow down Rodgers’s preferred target.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 位于前部的; 先前的; 早期的; （逻辑上）在前的
分布：前面的(53%)，前部的(27%)，较早的(20%)
→前缀ante-, 在前。-ior, 比较级，同interior.
前面的(ante+erior[...的]→前面的)[ante-表示"前面,先"]
较早的(anter早)[-ior表形容词"较…的"]
【参】superior（n 长者，adj 上级的）；inferior（adj 下级的）；interior（adj 内部的）；exterior（adj 外部的）
【反】ensuing（vi 随之而来的）
US [-'tɪr.i.ɚ] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■positioned at or towards the front 前部的，前面的；向前的
• Specimens for examination were taken from the anterior side of the left ventricle from each heart. 检查样本取自每个心脏左心室的前侧。
Compare posterior
adj. 前面的；先前的
 - front, foregoing

Word: ransom
Front: ransom
[ˈrænsəm] (托雅宝 11907/11756 -1)
Vocabulary: ransom
(once / 667 pages)
nv
If you’re ever kidnapped, you’d probably be worth millions in ransom. Ransom is the money demanded for the release of a captive.
You’ve probably heard the phrase “held for ransom.” That means someone has been captured and is being held prisoner until a sum of money is delivered to the captors. Ransom can refer to the money paid, but it can also be a verb that describes paying for the release of someone being held. If you have to ransom your best friend, that means you’re paying his captors to release him.
WORD FAMILY
ransom: ransomed, ransoming, ransoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These guys need a place to store their stuff,” Ransom said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Residents said they were terrorized by armed gangs who regularly robbed farmers, carjacked vehicles and held villagers for ransom.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But even with a match, there’s still so much to explain about the case, such as the ransom note.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 付赎金救人，赎金; [神]赎罪
vt. 赎回; [神]赎救
时态：ransomed, ransoming, ransoms
分布：赎金(85%)，赎回(13%)，赎身(2%)
→来自古法语 ranson,赎金，救赎，来自（缩写自）拉丁语 redemptionem,拯救，救赎，词源同 redeem,redemption.拼写比较 custom,来自（缩写自）拉丁语 consuetudinem.
【记】ran跑，som＝some：抢到some赎金就ran
noun countable or uncountable
■a large sum of money which is demanded in exchange for someone who has been taken prisoner, or sometimes for an animal 赎金
• a ransom demand/note 索要赎金／勒索赎金的字条
• They demanded a huge ransom for the return of the little girl whom they had kidnapped. 他们索要钜额赎金作为放回被绑小女孩的条件。
• The gang held the racehorse to/for ransom. 这个犯罪集团扣留了赛马，以此勒索赎金。
['rænt.səm] noun countable or uncountable
hold sb to ransom
■to force someone to do something by putting them in a situation where something bad will happen if they do not 要挟（某人）；胁迫（某人）
• The government says it is being held to ransom by the actions of terrorist groups. 政府称，恐怖组织采取的行动是在要挟政府陷于投鼠忌器的境地。
['rænt.səm] verb transitive
■to pay money in order to set someone free （付钱）赎（人），赎出，赎回
• Her father ransomed her for a million dollars. 她父亲用100万美元把她赎了出来。
vt. 赎回，赎；勒索赎金；救赎；得赎金后释放
 - redeem, atone for
n. 赎金；赎身，赎回
 - redemption

Word: inaugurate
Front: inaugurate
[ɪˈnɔ:gjəreɪt] (六托雅宝 11908/12168 -1)
Vocabulary: inaugurate
(once / 797 pages)
v
To inaugurate means to start something, to give it a kick off. The opening day pep rally inaugurates the high school football season.
Inaugurate comes from the Latin word augur, which means taking signs from birds, or telling the future. The Romans would always look for good omens to mark the beginning of something––a war, or a new emperor’s reign––so inaugurate became linked to new beginnings. While inaugurate has long been used in formal contexts, such as the swearing-in ceremony that inaugurates a President's term in office, inaugurate is now also used casually. You might inaugurate your marathon training with a long run.
WORD FAMILY
inaugurate: inaugurated, inaugurates, inaugurating, inauguration +/ inauguration: inaugurations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A man who routinely perpetuates false racist claims of ongoing waves of crime will soon be inaugurated as president of the United States.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Dec. 17, Ethiopia inaugurated the Gibe III hydroelectric dam that will generate 1,870 megawatts of electricity.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Both the House and the Senate are in Republican hands, with a Republican president to be inaugurated in January.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 开创; 创始; 举行开幕典礼; 举行就职典礼
时态：inaugurated, inaugurating, inaugurates
分布：开创(36%)，开始(31%)，举行就职典礼(27%)，举行仪式(6%)
→in-,进入，使，augur,占卜，预示，预兆。来自古希腊罗马时期通过占卜来决定吉凶，以及是否从事政治，经济，军事活动，但该词用来指就职。
举行就职典礼(in+augur预兆,开始+ate→进入开始→就职;参考:augury预兆)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】in进入，augur（v 预言；开始），ate－开始进入－就职
【参】inaugural（adj 就职的；开始的n 就职演说）
【反】cease（v 停止；终了）
US [-'nɑ:-] verb transitive
■to put someone into an official position with a ceremony 使正式就职，为…举行就职典礼
• American presidents are always inaugurated on January 20th. 美国总统总是在1月20日正式就职。
■to put something into use or action officially 正式启用（或启动）
• The European Community inaugurated the Single European Market in 1993. 欧洲共同体于1993年正式启动欧洲单一市场。
■to mark the beginning of a new period, style or activity 开创（新时代）；开始（新风尚或新活动）
• The change of government inaugurated a new era of economic prosperity. 政府的变革开创了经济繁荣的新时代。
inaugurate, commence, start, initiate, begin
这组词都有“开始”的意思，其区别是：
inaugurate: 指正式而隆重的开始。
commence: 可与begin换用，但commence系书面正式用词，语气庄重，特指有正式程序或一定仪式，或某种正式行动的“开始”。
start: 在许多场合可与begin通用，但start侧重动作的起点。
initiate: 指创始或发起，侧重某过程的第一步，不考虑结束，强调起始。
begin: 最常用词，含义广泛，其反义词是end，多用于行动、工作等的开始。
vt. 创新；开辟；开创；举行开幕典礼；举行就职典礼
 - pioneer

Word: fluent
Front: fluent
[ˈflu:ənt] (高研四六托雅 11910/9662 -1)
Vocabulary: fluent
(once / 1127 pages)
1adj 2adj
To be fluent in something — like a language or an instrument — is to be able to use it smoothly and effortlessly.
It takes many years and lots of practice to become fluent in a second language. But when you're finally fluent, you can understand it, speak it, and write easily in it. One French class won't make you fluent — gaining fluency takes years. You can also be fluent in other things that you've practiced and mastered, like cello or computer programming. If you're doing something in a way that makes it look easy, you're fluent.
WORD FAMILY
fluent: fluency, fluentest, fluently+/ fluency: disfluency, fluencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you’re not fluent in financial matters, try to spend 15 minutes a day reading articles on personal savings.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She also speaks six languages and is fluent in sign language.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The word she returns to — in fluent English already tinged with Liverpool’s distinct, and apparently contagious, long vowels — is “holistic.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 流畅的; 流利的; 液态的
分布：流利的(88%)，流畅的(12%)
→来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，来自bhel，膨胀，涌出，词源同boil. 在词源上该词与float等有所差别和侧重，但是词义上已经基本重合。
a.流利的,流畅的He can speak fluent English.他英语讲得很流利.
【记】flu＝flow流
【反】halting（adj 跛的；犹豫的）
adjective
 ADVANCED
■When a person is fluent, they can speak a language easily, well and quickly （指人操某种语言）流利的
• She's fluent in French. 她的法语很流利。
• He's a fluent Russian speaker. 他的俄语讲得很流利。
 ADVANCED
■When a language is fluent, it is spoken easily and without many pauses （语言）讲得流利的
• He speaks fluent Chinese. 他汉语讲得很流利。
adj. 流畅的，流利的；液态的；畅流的
 - fluid, mellifluous

Word: meticulously
Front: meticulously
[mə'tɪkjələslɪ] (托 11911/13915)
Vocabulary: meticulously
(once / 8621 pages)
adv
If you clean your house meticulously, you take plenty of time and scour every single nook and cranny, maybe even behind the oven and under the doormat.
Meticulous means extremely careful and thorough, so if you do something meticulously, you are painstaking about doing it perfectly. Someone who would never leave her house with an un-ironed t-shirt or a thread hanging loose is someone who dresses meticulously. If your town historian documents every event, from births to remodeled living rooms, then she does her job meticulously, maybe a little too meticulously.
WORD FAMILY
meticulous: meticulosity, meticulously, meticulousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scene in the Longs’ meticulously decorated Jim Thorpe home might seem typical for a big, busy family.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
No meticulously planned stealth release, with its carefully cultivated air of surprise and concealed impact date, was as surprising as David Bowie or Prince’s death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Yale historian Timothy Snyder meticulously recounts the horrors visited upon Eastern Europe under Hitler and Stalin.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 过细地，异常细致地; 无微不至; 精心
分布：一丝不苟地(50%)，仔细地(25%)，谨慎地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
小心谨慎的;一丝不苟的;注意细节的
If you describe someone as meticulous, you mean that they do things very carefully and with great attention to detail.
例：He was so meticulous about everything...他对所有事情都一丝不苟。
例：The painting had been executed with meticulous attention to detail.画这幅画的时候，画家非常注意细节。
adv. 细致地；一丝不苟地；拘泥地
 - particularly, punctiliously

Word: perpetrate
Front: perpetrate
[ˈpɜ:pətreɪt] (11913/14369 -1)
Vocabulary: perpetrate
(once / 942 pages)
v
It's possible to perpetrate a good deed, but not likely. That's because perpetrate means to commit or be responsible for something — usually something mischievous or bad.
If you manage to slip a whoopee cushion under your teacher's rear without her seeing it, then you've perpetrated a classic prank. But if you use your wily ways to break into the bank's safe, then you've just turned yourself into "a felony-class perpetrator." So do yourself a favor and stick to perpetrating lesser crimes.
WORD FAMILY
perpetrate: perpetrated, perpetrates, perpetrating, perpetration, perpetrator +/perpetration: perpetrations/ perpetrator: perpetrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were “engaged in one of the largest and most brazen investment frauds perpetrated on the investing public,” said Brooklyn U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Trump, a Republican, said during the campaign that climate change was a hoax perpetrated by China to damage U.S. manufacturing.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Republican Trump said during his election campaign that climate change was a hoax perpetrated by China to damage U.S. manufacturing.
Reuters(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 犯（罪）; 做（恶）
时态：perpetrated, perpetrating, perpetrates
分布：动词(95%)，名词(5%)
→来自拉丁语perpetrare,履行，执行，完成，来自per-,整个的，patrare,执行，实施，来自pater,父亲，词源同father.其字面意思可能是生下小孩，成为父亲。其原义并无感情色情，后用于比喻用法始作俑者，犯罪，做恶。
做坏事;犯罪(per+petr=patr父亲＋ate→以父亲式态度对待别人→专横,做坏事)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
【记】per全部，pet宠物，r，ate吃－把全部的宠物吃了－犯罪per全部，pet石头，rate：因为犯罪全部变成石头
【参】petrify（v 石化）
US ['pɝ:-] formal
verb transitive
■to commit a crime, or a violent or harmful act 犯（罪）；施（暴）；做（坏事）
• In Britain, half of all violent crime is perpetrated by people who have been drinking alcohol. 在英国，一半的暴力罪行是酗酒者犯下的。
• Federal soldiers have been accused of perpetrating atrocities against innocent people. 联邦士兵被控对无辜民众做出残暴行为。
vt. 犯（罪）；做（恶）
 - come, faire

Word: wag
Vocabulary: wag
(once / 810 pages)
1nv 2n
A wag is a quick, back-and-forth movement. A scolding teacher might give you an irritated wag of a finger, while a happy dog will give you a cheerful tail wag.
Animals and people alike use wags to communicate various emotions, and when they do, they wag. Dogs are known to wag their tails in happiness or to express friendliness, but a very slow tail wag can mean a dog is uncertain or is trying to calm itself. Wag is at least partly rooted in the Old English wagian, "move backwards and forwards."
WORD FAMILY
wag: wagged, wagging, waggish, wags+/ waggish: waggishly, waggishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tongues wagged - wasn't the whole thing a little too tacky, a little too American?
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The guard in the ill-fitting uniform wagged his finger to and fro while muttering something in French.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Hopkins chuckled as he wagged his cane toward amused onlookers.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)

Word: leftover
Front: leftover
[ˈleftəʊvə(r)] (高 9769/22683 -1)
Back: adj. 剩余的; 未用完的; 吃剩的
n. 剩余物; 残羹剩菜
分布：残留物(40%)，残余的(33%)，剩饭(27%)
→即留下的。
US ['lefˌtˌoʊ.vɚ] adjective [before noun]
■describes part of something that has not been used or eaten when the other parts have been 剩下的，留下的
• some leftover curry from last night's meal 昨天晚餐剩下的一些咖哩饭
UK ['leftˌəʊ.vər] US ['lefˌtˌoʊ.vɚ] noun
leftovers [plural]
■food remaining after a meal 剩饭，剩菜
• This recipe can serve four easily, and the leftovers are just as good eaten cold. 这份食谱足够四人享用，剩下的可作冷食。
n. 残留物；吃剩的饭菜；剩余物
 - remain, residuum
adj. 残余的；吃剩的
 - remanent, vestigial

Word: trimming
Front: trimming
[ˈtrɪmɪŋ] (11986/14114 -1)
Back: n. 整理; 修剪; 装饰品; 配料
v. 整理(trim的现在分词); 削减; 装饰
分布：修剪(48%)，整顿(21%)，装饰(21%)，边角料(10%)
(also trim)
noun
countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) decorative material added around the edge of something 镶边饰物；花边
• I want a plain black jumper with no fancy trimmings. 我要一件素净的黑色套头外衣，没有花哨镶边的。
• I wore my red jacket with the black trim. 我穿着我那件镶着黑边的红色夹克。
trimmings [plural]
■extra things which complete or improve the appearance of something 配饰装；饰品
• a big wedding celebration with all the trimmings 有各种各样装饰物布置的盛大婚礼
• the traditional trimmings of fame/success 传统上作为人生点缀的名望／成功
n. 整理；装饰品；配料；修剪下来的东西
 - arrangement, decoration, sorting

Word: reconnaissance
Front: reconnaissance
[rɪˈkɒnɪsns] (宝 11909/12522 -1)
Vocabulary: reconnaissance
(once / 2792 pages)
n
Reconnaissance is checking out a situation before taking action. Often it’s used as a military term, but you could also do reconnaissance on a new employee before you hire her, or a resort before you take a vacation.
Reconnaissance is a noun, and it technically means “the act of reconnoitering.” Whoa. Never heard that word before? Reconnoitering is just a fancy way of saying that you’re checking something out — sometimes in a sneaky way. If you like a girl in your Spanish class, you might ask a friend to do some reconnaissance to find out what she’s like. The word comes from the French reconnaître, which means “recognize.”
WORD FAMILY
reconnaissance: reconnaissances+/reconnoitre: reconnaissance, reconnoitred, reconnoitres, reconnoitring/reconnoitring: reconnoitrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the newbies here early hadn’t been able to perform much reconnaissance.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
He did a little informal reconnaissance in June when he was guest conductor with the Buenos Aires Philharmonic.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In the Middle East, the German air force flies reconnaissance only – no bombing.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对某地区的）侦察或观测（尤指为军事目的），（执行侦察任务的）巡逻队、飞行队等; 勘探; 选点; 勘查
分布：侦察(92%)，勘察(8%)
→来自古法语 reconissance,认出，证实，来自拉丁语 recognoscere,知道，回想，认出，来自 re-, 再，重新，con-,表强调，-gn,知道，了解，词源同 know,note.-ss,过去分词格，-ance,名词后缀。 拼写比较 renaissance.引申词义侦察。
【记】源于：recognize（v 认可；承认），为了认识敌情而勘测
US [-'kɑ:.nə-] (UK informal recce) (US informal recon) specialized
noun uncountable
■the process of getting information about enemy forces or positions by sending out small groups of soldiers or by using aircraft, etc 侦察
• Aerial reconnaissance of the enemy position showed they were ready to attack. 对敌人阵地进行的空中侦察显示，敌军已经做好了进攻的准备。
n. [军] 侦察；勘测（等于reconnoissance）；搜索；事先考查
 - scanning, searching

Word: tar
Front: tar
[tɑ:(r)] (研六雅 11903/14622 -1)
Back: n. 焦油，沥青，柏油; 尼古丁; <口>水手，水兵
vt. 以焦油或沥青覆盖或涂抹（某物）
时态：tarred, tarring, tars
分布：焦油(81%)，柏油(17%)，涂以焦油(2%)
→来自古英语 teru,树脂，树胶，沥青，来自 Proto-Germanic*terwo,橡树，树，来自 deru, 橡树，树，词源同 tree,dentrology.
n.柏油,焦油vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于We use tar to make roads.我们用沥青铺路.
US [tɑ:r] noun uncountable
■a black substance, sticky when hot, used especially for making roads 煤焦油沥青，柏油（可用于铺路）
■one of the poisonous substances found in tobacco 烟碱，焦油
• a low tar cigarette 焦油含量低的香烟
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] noun uncountable
beat/knock/whale the tar out of sb US informal
■to hit someone forcefully and repeatedly 猛揍（某人），狠揍（某人）
• The boxer knocked the tar out of his opponent. 那名拳击手狠狠地击打他的对手。
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
■to put tar on a surface 覆盖焦油于；铺柏油于
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
tar sb with the same brush
■to think that someone has the same bad qualities as another person 认为（某人与另一人）是一丘之貉
• Because they worked so closely in the same department, John was tarred with the same brush as Tim. 由于在同一个部门工作，关系又非常密切，约翰被认为跟蒂姆是一丘之貉。
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
tar and feather sb
■to cover someone in tar and feathers as a punishment （作为惩罚）将（某人）浑身涂满柏油并黏上羽毛
tag, tar, tap, tan
tag: 标签，货签；
tar: 柏油，焦油
tap: 水龙头，轻拍，利用，开发；
tan: 晒黑成棕褐色，鞭打；
n. [化工] 焦油；柏油；水手
 - asphalt, tarre
vt. 涂以焦油；玷污
 - cloud, pollute

Word: schizophrenia
Front: schizophrenia
[ˌskɪtsəˈfri:niə] (11881/10799 -1)
Vocabulary: schizophrenia
(once / 6003 pages)
n
Someone with a mental illness that's caused them to lose touch with reality and to withdraw from society may end up being diagnosed with schizophrenia, a serious disorder that can usually be treated with medication.
A Swiss psychiatrist first came up with the term Schizophrenie, or "a splitting of the mind," to refer to the mental illness in 1910. A person with schizophrenia may feel and behave as if his mind has split off from reality, as he perceives things in a distorted way, and often speaks and acts in ways that appear bizarre. Sometimes schizophrenia is used to mean "inconsistent or contradictory."
WORD FAMILY
schizophrenia: schizophrenias, schizophrenic +/ schizophrenic: schizophrenically, schizophrenics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
His wife died in 1973, of “schizophrenia combined with leukaemia”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
First, the micro: In January, brain scientists in Massachusetts reported a complete, rigorously tested biological explanation for schizophrenia.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. [医]精神分裂症; 矛盾
分布：精神分裂症(100%)
→schizo-,分开，分裂，-phren,大脑，脑部，词源同 phrenetic,frantic,frenetic.-ia,表疾病。引申词 义精神分裂症。
noun uncountable
■a serious mental illness in which someone cannot understand what is real and what is imaginary 精神分裂症
• paranoid schizophrenia 偏执型精神分裂症
informal
■behaviour in which a person appears to have two different personalities 双重人格，反覆无常

Word: airliner
Front: airliner
[ˈeəlaɪnə(r)] (11899/15969 -1)
Back: n. 客机，班机
分布：客机(96%)，定期班机(4%)
US ['erˌlaɪ.nɚ] noun countable
■a large passenger aircraft 大型客机，班机
n. [航] 班机；大型客机
 - liner, scheduled flight

Word: mitigation
Front: mitigation
[ˌmɪtɪˈgeɪʃn] (11949/20789)
Vocabulary: mitigation
(once / 6102 pages)
n
Mitigation is the act of lessening or easing the harshness of a punishment, a fine, or someone's pain. In the legal world, a lawyer might ask a judge for mitigation of a particularly harsh sentence.
Mitigation is the noun form of the verb mitigate, which means "to lessen in severity." After a natural disaster, the government might offer mitigation, in the form of aid, to ease people’s suffering. If someone tries to make an offense seem less serious by offering an excuse, that's also mitigation. If you miss your curfew, you might state in mitigation that you came home late because you were helping an old lady cross the street.
WORD FAMILY
mitigation: mitigations+/mitigable: unmitigable/ mitigate: mitigable, mitigated, mitigates, mitigating, mitigation, mitigative, mitigatory/ mitigated: unmitigated /unmitigable: unmitigably/ unmitigated: unmitigatedest, unmitigatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn't allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"Mitigation capabilities," says Jonathan Hunter, CEO of Department 13, "are therefore limited."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Prosecutors objected at every turn, and Gergel wouldn’t allow any of it into court, ruling mitigation evidence is allowable during sentencing and not before.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 缓解，减轻，平静
分布：减轻(55%)，缓和(43%)，镇静(2%)
→来自mitigate,减轻。
PHRASE
为减轻罪责；为从轻处置；为了开脱
If someone, especially in a court, is told something in mitigation, they are told something that makes a crime or fault easier to understand and excuse.
例：Kieran Coonan QC told the judge in mitigation that the offences had been at the lower end of the scale...御用大律师基兰·库南对法官说这些罪行情节较轻，希望能够从宽判决。
例：In mitigation, it should be pointed out that there wasn't much incentive to make world-beating wine.作为开脱的理由也罢，应该指出酿造举世无双的葡萄酒并没有什么实际的好处。
N-UNCOUNT
减轻;缓解;缓和
Mitigation is a reduction in the unpleasantness, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
例：...the mitigation or cure of a physical or mental condition.身心状况的缓和或痊愈
n. 减轻；缓和；平静
 - peace, equilibrium, relaxation

Word: bittersweet
Front: bittersweet
['bɪtəswi:t] (11921/34583)
Vocabulary: bittersweet
(once / 10954 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n
The adjective bittersweet describes a taste that is a blend of bitter and sweet. Bittersweet chocolate, for example, contains more chocolate and less sugar than milk chocolate or even semisweet chocolate.
The adjective bittersweet doesn't just refer to taste. It can also describe a blend of emotions that are sweet but also tinged with sadness. If you attend a memorial service for your grandmother, for example, you can enjoy telling stories of the things you did together, but still feel sad that she's gone. The feelings and memories you have make you simultaneously happy and sad, and are therefore bittersweet.
WORD FAMILY
bittersweet: bittersweetest, bittersweetly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bittersweet black sugar sauce is nice, but not extraordinary.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There’s a bittersweet theme about nostalgia as an opiate, but for once this ingeniously dark series ends on a note of cyberhope.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When your friends and family regard you as The Political One, seismic news events are a bittersweet experience.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 又苦又甜的，苦乐参半的; 蜀羊泉; 白英
分布：苦乐参半的(73%)，又苦又甜的(27%)
US [ˌbɪtˌ.ɚ-] UK ['---] adjective
EMOTION 感情
■containing a mixture of sadness and happiness 苦中有乐的
UK [ˌbɪt.ə'swi:t] US [ˌbɪtˌ.ɚ-] UK ['---] adjective
TASTE 味道
■tasting both bitter and sweet 苦中带甜的

Word: delta
Front: delta
[ˈdeltə] (托宝 10451/7242 -1)
Vocabulary: delta
(once / 1174 pages)
n
Named for the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet (shaped like a triangle), a delta is a triangular area where a major river divides into several smaller parts that usually flow into a larger body of water.
The first so-called delta was the Nile Delta, named by the Greek historian Herodotus. What makes a delta so special? Alluvial deposits are the rich mineral soil that can be found in the delta. Despite frequent floods, farmers often settle in a delta for this reason. Here's some more fun delta trivia: the deltoid muscles in your shoulders are named after the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet too.
WORD FAMILY
delta: deltas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park said Monday no one was injured when the lava delta collapsed and sent showers of volcanic rock into the air.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Delta Air Lines last year added the same capability to its phone app.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Delta, in its statement, did not disclose specific terms of the agreement.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 希腊语字母表第四字母δ; （河流的）三角洲; [数]变量增量
分布：名词(100%)
→希腊字母表的第四个字母，三角洲因形如三角形而得名。
US [-tˌə] noun countable
■an area of low flat land, sometimes shaped approximately like a triangle, where a river divides into several smaller rivers before flowing into the sea 三角洲
• the Mississippi delta 密西西比河三角洲
• the delta of the Nile 尼罗河三角洲

Word: footnote
Front: footnote
[ˈfʊtnəʊt] (托 10131/10295 -1)
Vocabulary: footnote
(once / 91 pages)
nv
A footnote is a short bit of extra information that's printed at the bottom of a book's page. Some footnotes cite the authors and titles of the sources the author consulted while researching and writing.
The presence of footnotes usually means you're reading an academic or scholarly work of nonfiction. Your history paper might include footnotes on each page, noting the books, journals, and websites you used for your research. Some contemporary novels have footnotes as well, a complex and playful way for the author to insert extra notes and details. The foot of a page is the bottom, which explains the word footnote.
WORD FAMILY
footnote: footnoted, footnotes, footnoting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fernyhough does not spend much time on these criticisms, though in a footnote he does concede the scant evidentiary basis of the movement’s claims.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The fiscal cliff will prove a historical footnote.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A month after its release, it became a footnote to a sad story when its star, Anton Yelchin, was killed in a bizarre car accident.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 脚注; 补充说明
vt. 给…作脚注
时态：footnoted, footnoting, footnotes
分布：脚注(89%)，补充说明(9%)，给 ... 作脚注(2%)
US [-noʊt] noun
countable
■a note printed at the bottom of a page which gives extra information about something that has been written on that page 注脚
countable usually singular
■an event, subject or detail which is not important 无足轻重的事件（或问题、细节）
• His tumultuous triumph 5 years ago now seems a mere footnote in history. 他五年前名噪一时的大胜现在看来仿佛只是历史上一个无关痛痒的小插曲。
n. 脚注；补充说明
 - additional remarks

Word: rationalize
Front: rationalize
[ˈræʃnəlaɪz] (11922/14940 -1)
Vocabulary: rationalize
(once / 7462 pages)
1v 2v
Rationalize means to justify by developing a rationale, or a set of reasons for something. You could rationalize cutting school, saying your classes are boring, but you are still doing what you shouldn't be doing.
Rationalize can also mean reorganizing along rational lines––a watchmaker's shop might be set up in a totally illogical way that made sense only to the old owner, whose children will rationalize the shop's organization once the old man dies.
WORD FAMILY
rationalize: rationalization, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing+/ irrational: irrationality, irrationally, irrationals/irrationality: irrationalities/ rational: irrational, nonrational, rationalise, rationalism, rationality, rationalize, rationally, rationalness, rationals/rationalisation: rationalisations/rationalise: rationalisation, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising/ rationalism: rationalist, rationalistic/rationalist: rationalists/rationalistic: rationalistically/ rationality: rationalities/ rationalization: rationalizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony Pinn, a Rice University religious studies professor, described the prosperity gospel “as a way to religiously rationalize material acquisition.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But as is the case in pro sports, fans find a way to rationalize bad behavior.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“These bills rationalize injustice by pretending to defend something many of us hold dear,” he wrote.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使合理化; 据理解释; 使消根; 文饰
时态：rationalized, rationalizing, rationalizes
分布：使合理化(80%)，合理地说明(20%)
→来自 rational,合理的，经过思考的，-ize,使，化。
(UK usually rationalise) ['ræʃ.ən.əl.aɪz] verb
EXPLAIN 解释
transitive
■to try to find reasons to explain your behaviour, decisions, etc 合理地解释（行为、决定等），为…找出合理的理由；就…辩解
• She rationalized the expense by saying that the costly carpet she had bought would last longer than a cheaper one. 她解释说那些花费是合理的，理由是她买的地毯虽然很贵，但要比便宜货耐用。
(UK usually rationalise) ['ræʃ.ən.əl.aɪz] verb
CHANGE 变化
intransitive or transitive
■to make a company, way of working, etc. more effective, usually by combining or stopping particular activities, or (of a company, way of working, etc.) to become more effective in this way （对…）进行合理化改革；使合理化
• We rationalized the production system so that one operator could control all three machines. 我们对生产系统进行了优化组合，这样一来，一个人可以操控三台机器。
• The recession is forcing the company to rationalize. 经济衰退促使公司进行合理化改革。

Word: subset
Front: subset
[ˈsʌbset] (11933/13072)
Vocabulary: subset
(once / 26501 pages)
n
Use the noun subset when you're talking about a group of things that fit in a larger category. For example, "new horror films" or "new comedies" are subsets of "new movies."
You can use the word subset any time you refer to small sets within larger ones, whether you're talking about Halloween candy, greeting cards, or classmates. However, the most common use of subset happens in mathematics, which is where the word comes from originally. Subset is short for "subordinate set," or a set that is entirely contained inside another set — it's subordinate, less important or smaller.
WORD FAMILY
subset: subsets+/ reset: resets, resetted, resetting/ set: preset, reset, seting, sets, setting, subset / setting: settings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is a subset of the most successful” dieters, he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The project is ongoing with more than 300 courts and hoops presently documented, together with subsets of the series including a focus on backboards.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“Mosul is a very small subset of that. … Every conflict situation is different.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 子集
分布：名词(100%)
→sub-,分支，分部，分，set,套，组，集。
noun countable specialized
■a set (= group of similar numbers, objects or people) that is part of another, larger set 子集（类似的数位、物体或人员的一个集合组，是另一个较大集合的一部分）
n. [数] 子集；子设备；小团体
 - sub-class, small group

Word: circumvent
Front: circumvent
[ˌsɜ:kəmˈvent] (托宝 11924/14169 -1)
Vocabulary: circumvent
(once / 3692 pages)
1v 2v 3v
To circumvent is to avoid. Someone who trains elephants but somehow gets out of picking up after them has found a way to circumvent the cleaning of the circus tent.
Circum in Latin means "around" or "round about," and vent- comes from venire, "to come," but painting a picture from these two parts of the word helps. Picture someone circling around a barrier instead of climbing over it. That's what you do when you circumvent. You find a smart way around rules or barriers, or avoid doing something unpleasant altogether.
WORD FAMILY
circumvent: circumvented, circumventing, circumvention, circumvents+/circumvention: circumventions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Circumventing democracy by ignoring the obvious will of the people does little to inspire confidence in our statewide leaders.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
They do not want to be seen as circumventing voters' wishes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That was how Russian President Vladimir Putin managed to circumvent term limits to keep control of the Kremlin, Mr. Garcia said.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 围绕，包围; 用计防止; 避免; （用欺骗手段）陷害
时态：circumvented, circumventing, circumvents
分布：绕行(56%)，设法避开(22%)，围住(22%)
→circum-,圈，周围，-vent,走，词源同advent,venue.
回避(circum+vent走→绕圈走→回避)[circum-表示"环绕,周围"]
【记】circum绕圈，vent去，来－来回绕圈－用计谋回避
【反】confront（v 使面临）；direct encounter（直接遭遇）
US [ˌsɝ:-] formal
verb transitive
■to avoid something, especially cleverly or illegally （尤指巧妙或非法地）逃避，规避，绕过
• Ships were registered abroad to circumvent employment and safety regulations. 船只在外国注册以规避雇用和安全规定。
vt. 包围；陷害；绕行
 - case, invest, frame

Word: sludge
Front: sludge
[slʌdʒ] (11822/15316 -1)
Vocabulary: sludge
(once / 10287 pages)
n
Sludge is thick, damp, almost sticky stuff. If your friend dares you to climb through an old sewer pipe, you might want to check first to see if it's full of sludge.
Sludge is often used to talk about the byproduct of a process like sewage treatment or oil refining, but you can use it for any viscous goop. Sludge floating in your fish tank is a sign that you should clean the water, and sludge inside a car's engine can affect the way the car runs. Sludge is a bit of a mystery — it may come from the Middle English slutch, "mud," or might be related to slush.
WORD FAMILY
sludge: sludges
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, “insurance” was simply a name to continue the sludge of handouts under a new guise, providing farmers with higher prices than markets provided.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
That sludge will be piped to an injection well underground at a higher elevation.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
In order to begin the upgrades, the county needs to complete a $23 million sludge removal project at the plant.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 泥浆，烂泥; 沉淀物; 泥状雪
v. 清除污泥
分布：淤泥(67%)，泥状雪(20%)，泥泞(13%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.
noun uncountable
■soft wet soil or a substance that looks like this 烂泥，淤泥；糊
• We seemed to spend the last mile of the walk knee-deep in sludge. 最后的一哩路我们似乎完全走在没膝的烂泥中。
n. [环境] 烂泥；泥泞；泥状雪；沉淀物；（海上）小浮冰
 - deposit, precipitation, sediment

Word: y''all

Word: uphill
Front: uphill
[ˌʌpˈhɪl] (11926/14395 -1)
Back: adj. 上坡的，向上的; 费力的，辛苦的，艰难的; 位于高处的
adv. 上山地，上坡地; 艰难地
n. 登高，上坡
分布：上坡(57%)，上坡的(19%)，向上的(9%)，费力的(6%)，向上地(6%)，上坡地(3%)
adjective adverb
■leading to a higher place on a slope 上坡（的）；向山上（的）；朝上坡方向（的）
• an uphill climb 向上的攀爬
• running uphill 往山上跑
Compare downhill needing a large amount of effort 费力的，艰难的
• It'll be an uphill struggle/battle/fight to get the new proposals accepted. 要让新的提案获得通过会很困难。
Compare downhill
adj. [交] 上坡的，向上的
 - upgrade, upward, up
adv. 向上地； [交] 往上坡
 - upwardly, airward
n. 上升；登高
 - rise, upgrade, raise, ascension

Word: hourly
Front: hourly
[ˈaʊəli] (11930/14332 -1)
Back: adj. 每一小时的; 常常的
adv. 每小时地; 时时，随时
分布：每小时地(32%)，以小时计算的(23%)，时时地(15%)，每隔一小时的(15%)，随时的(15%)
US ['aʊr-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■done or happening every hour 每小时的
• There's an hourly bus service into town. 每小时都有一班开往城里的公共汽车。
• Take two tablets at hourly intervals. 每隔一小时服两片药。
hourly fee/rate, etc.
■the amount that is charged or earned every hour 每小时的费用
UK ['aʊə.li] US ['aʊr-] adverb
 ADVANCED
■once every hour 每小时
• Trains call here hourly. 这里火车每小时来一班。
adv. 每小时地；频繁地，随时
 - frequently, continually
adj. 每小时的，以钟点计算的；频繁的
 - frequent, continual

Word: scorn
Front: scorn
[skɔ:n] (研四六雅宝 11935/11677 -1)
Vocabulary: scorn
(once / 168 pages)
nv
Scorn is open disrespect for someone or something. It can also be disrespect coupled with feelings of intense dislike.
The noun scorn describes your feelings of disdain when you encounter something you view as worthless or inferior — like, for instance, a talk show that gets all its facts wrong. Use the verb form for those times when you’re actively expressing scorn. You might scorn a politician who spends $100,000 on travel while claiming to work hard promoting middle-class values.
WORD FAMILY
scorn: scorned, scorner, scornful, scorning, scorns+/scorner: scorners/ scornful: scornfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other Republicans saved at least some of their scorn for Mr. Obama.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They deserve our encouragement, and Spencer deserves nothing but scorn and repudiation.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
How will Allen conduct himself when he returns — and absorbs the unbridled scorn of every opposing crowd?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 鄙视; 轻蔑; 不屑一顾; 笑柄
vt. 轻视; 看不起; 蔑视; 不屑做
vi. 表示轻蔑; 表示鄙视; 嘲笑
时态：scorned, scorning, scorns
分布：轻蔑(35%)，鄙视(24%)，不屑(16%)，嘲弄(13%)，奚落(6%)，笑柄(6%)
→改写自古法语 escarn,嘲笑，鄙视，来自 Proto-Germanic*skarnjan,嘲笑，嘲讽，可能来自 sker, 砍，切，词源同 scar,shear.其词义演变可能是伤害，伤口上撒盐，嘲笑，嘲讽。
v./n.轻蔑,藐视The corps' corn in the corner is scorned by the stubborn corporation.军团种在角落里的玉米遭到顽固公司的蔑视.
【记】因为被scold（v 责骂），所以被scorn
【反】adulate（v 奉承）；venerate（v 崇敬）
US [skɔ:rn] noun uncountable
■a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value 轻视，鄙视
• She has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians. 她对新一代的政客只有鄙视。
• Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions? 你为甚么总是对我的建议嗤之以鼻？
UK [skɔ:n] US [skɔ:rn] verb transitive
■to show scorn for someone or something 轻视，鄙视
• So does he respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them? 他究竟是尊重报社和媒体，还是暗地里蔑视他们？
• You scorned all my suggestions. 你对我所有的建议都嗤之以鼻。
■to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud 轻蔑地拒绝；不屑接受
• She scorned all my offers of help. 她不屑接受我的一切帮助。
scorn, look down upon, despise
这组词都有“轻视，蔑视”的意思，其区别是：
scorn: 语气较强，指极端的蔑视，常伴有愤怒或恼怒的情感。
look down upon: 指自视地位优越而蔑视他人或事。
despise: 指由于卑鄙、软弱，渺小或无价值等而被轻视。
n. 轻蔑；嘲笑；藐视的对象
 - floccinaucinihilipilification, disparagement
vt. 轻蔑；藐视；不屑做
 - spurn at, sneeze at
vi. 表示轻蔑；表示鄙视
 - flout

Word: otter
Front: otter
[ˈɒtə(r)] (宝 11888/12659 -1)
Back: n. （水）獭; 水獭皮; 一种钓具
分布：水獭(83%)，水獭皮(17%)
→来自古英语otor,来自Proto-Germanic*utraz,来自udros,水生物，来自wed,水，词源同water,hydra.
US ['ɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a mammal with four legs and short brown fur which swims well and eats fish 水獭
n. [脊椎] 水獭；水獭皮
 - tter

Word: tamper
Front: tamper
[ˈtæmpə(r)] (托雅宝 11932/13679 -1)
Vocabulary: tamper
(once / 2108 pages)
vn
To tamper is to alter or mess with something, usually for a bad reason. Tamper also refers to being nosy about someone's business. Don’t tamper with anything; it’s annoying.
Tamper involves sticking your nose where it doesn't belong. One kind of tampering involves meddling in other people's affairs. The other kind of tampering has to do with things. If you tamper with financial records, you alter them. Sometimes medicine or food will come with a label that says “tamper proof,” like when a bottle of vitamins is sealed so that you can’t open it until you buy it.
WORD FAMILY
tamper: tampered, tampering, tampers+/tamp: tamped, tamper, tamping, tamps/tampering: tamperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She faces charges of murder and tampering with evidence.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Clark faces first-degree witness tampering charges, which carry a sentence of up to 20 years.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He’s charged with felony tampering with evidence and two misdemeanors for careless discharge of a firearm.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 窜改
vi. 篡改; （用不正当手段）影响，干预; 瞎摆弄; 贿赂
n. 夯，夯具; 捣乱者; 填塞者; 反射器
时态：tampered, tampering, tampers
分布：篡改(53%)，干预(24%)，贿赂(15%)，玩弄(8%)
→来自 tamper,混合灰泥，搅匀泥土，来自 temper 拼写变体，来自 temper,调和，调制。比喻用 法，后引申词义篡改，擅自改动。
【记】源于：temper（v 锻炼；调节）错误的调节－tamper
US [-pɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  tamper with sth
■to touch or make changes to something which you should not, usually without enough knowledge of how it works or when you are trying to damage it 胡乱摆弄；擅自改动；蓄意破坏
• I could see at once that the lock had been tampered with. 我一下子就能看出锁已被人动过了。
vi. 篡改；干预；损害；削弱；玩弄；贿赂
 - intervene in, take a hand in
vt. 篡改
 - manipulate, interpolate

Word: elective
Front: elective
[ɪˈlektɪv] (11919/13008)
Vocabulary: elective
(once / 2610 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Something that's elective is optional — you can choose to do it, or not. An elective course in school is one you take because you want to rather than to fill a particular requirement, although you still get credit for it.
You can take elective classes in high school or college. In fact, the word elective is sometimes used as a noun, to mean "optional class." Also, if someone has elective surgery, that means he’s getting an optional operation, like a nose job or a face-lift. In either case, nothing is required or compulsory — it's a free choice. The word comes from the Latin electivus, by way of eligere, "pick out or select," which is also the root of election.
WORD FAMILY
elective: electively, electives, non-elective, nonelective+/ elect: elected, electing, election, elective, electly, elector, electorate, elects, reelect /elected: nonelected/ election: electioneer, elections, electoral /electioneer: electioneered, electioneering, electioneers/electioneering: electioneerings/elector: electors/ electoral: electorally/ electorate: electorates/ reelect: reelected, reelecting, reelection, reelects/reelection: reelections
USAGE EXAMPLES
No one ever promised that holding elective office would always be fun, easy or criticism-free.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back in 1985 when his prosecutors tried the Turners and a third activist, black Americans were gaining ground in elective offices across the South.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
In a career built on dispensing advice to politicians, Mr. Harris was not unexperienced with the rigors and fears of running for elective office.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 选任的; 有选举权的; （课程）选修的; （可选择的）可选择的
n. 选修课程
分布：选举的(59%)，随意选择的(41%)
[ɪ'lek.tɪv] formal
adjective
■voted for or chosen 选举的；由选举产生的；可以选择的
• an elective office 任职者需经选举产生的职位
• elective surgery 非急需施行的手术
adj. 选修的；选举的；选任的
 - constituent
n. 选修课程
 - optional course

Word: exempt
Front: exempt
[ɪgˈzempt] (研六托雅宝 9520/8874 -2)
Vocabulary: exempt
(once / 556 pages)
adjv
If your accountant tells you that you’re exempt from taxes this year, give him a big hug. He is saying that you don’t have to pay taxes.
The adjective exempt traces back to the Latin word exemptus, meaning “to remove or take out” or “to free”. So if you are exempt, you are free of an obligation that others have to fulfill, such as paying taxes. But you can also be exempt from having to obey certain rules, like seniors being exempt from having to sell candy bars for a school fundraiser.
WORD FAMILY
exempt: exempted, exempting, exemption, exempts, nonexempt+/ exemption: exemptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it exempts bars, private clubs and casinos.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or the brief proposal to amend Maine’s constitution to exempt lobster traps from property taxes.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Packaging for raw meat, poultry or seafood is also exempt.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使免除，豁免
adj. 被免除的，被豁免的
n. 被免除（义务，责任）的人; 免税人
时态：exempted, exempting, exempts
分布：免除(82%)，免除的(8%)，免税者(6%)，被免除义务者(4%)
→ex-, 向外。-em, 拿出，带出，词源同example, sample. 即拿出来的，免除或豁免。
免除,豁免(ex出+empt拿→拿出→豁免)[em,empt,ampl=take,procure,表示"拿,获得"]
a.免除的v.免除n.免税者;被免除义务者He was exempted from military service for illness.他因病被免除兵役.
【记】ex出，empt拿，买－拿出去－免除
【参】preempt（v 先占；以先买权取得）；exemption（n 解除；免税）
verb transitive
■to excuse someone or something from a duty, payment, etc 免除，豁免（责任、付款等）
• Small businesses have been exempted from the tax increase. 小公司可免增税。
[ɪg'zempt] adjective
■with special permission not to do or pay something 被免除（义务或付款）的；被豁免的
• Goods exempt from this tax include books and children's clothes. 免征这项税收的商品包括书籍和童装。
• Pregnant women are exempt from dental charges under the current health system. 在现行的医疗制度下，孕妇看牙医是免费的。
vt. 免除；豁免
 - discharge, forgive

Word: uniqueness
Front: uniqueness
[jʊ'ni:knəs] (托 11887/14418)
Vocabulary: uniqueness
(once / 15951 pages)
n
Are you one of a kind? Then you must have some kind of uniqueness, some quality that makes you stand out from all the rest.
When you break down the word uniqueness, it’s easy to see what it means. First you notice the word unique, which means “one of a kind.” Then you notice -ness, a common suffix that’s used to form nouns that refer to a state of being. Put it together and you get uniqueness, a noun used to describe that certain something that makes a person or thing uncommon or singular, like "the uniqueness of a famous opera singer’s voice."
WORD FAMILY
uniqueness: uniquenesses+/ unique: uniquely, uniqueness, uniquer, uniquest
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it brings some uniqueness to the offense for sure.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The style spread, fueled as much by brewery competition as the local penchant for aggressive uniqueness.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
When describing his uniqueness, Davis puts him in a category with only one other person: Streep.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 唯一性，单值性，独特性
分布：唯一性(60%)，独特性(40%)
ADJ
唯一的；独一无二的
Something that is unique is the only one of its kind.
例：Each person's signature is unique...每个人的签名都是独一无二的。
例：The area has its own unique language, Catalan.这个地区有自己单独的语言，加泰罗尼亚语。
ADJ-GRADED
独特的；无与伦比的
You can use unique to describe things that you admire because they are very unusual and special.
例：Brett's vocals are just unique...布雷特的歌声无与伦比。
例：Kauffman was a woman of unique talent and determination.考夫曼是一个有着超群才智和决断力的女子。
ADJ
独有的；特有的
If something is unique to one thing, person, group, or place, it concerns or belongs only to that thing, person, group, or place.
例：No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique to humans...没有人确切地知道为什么只有人类才会经历青春期。
例：This interesting and charming creature is unique to Borneo.这种有趣迷人的动物是婆罗洲独有的。
n. 独特性；独一无二；单值性
 - one of a kind

Word: ace
Front: ace
[eɪs] (13343/4892 -2)
Vocabulary: ace
(once / 2051 pages)
1n 2nadjv 3nv 4v
An ace is a playing card with the highest value in a deck. There are four aces in a full deck of cards, each with a single heart, spade, diamond, or club pictured on it.
Ace can also describe someone who's excellent at a particular skill: "He's an ace at making homemade jam!" In tennis, an ace is a point scored on a missed serve, and in golf it's a hole in one. When you ace something, you do a great job: "Just get in there and ace that math test today!" The earliest meaning was "one at dice," from the Latin as, "a unit, one, or a whole."
WORD FAMILY
ace: aced, aces, acing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He opened the singles showdown with an ace before breaking Evans in the sixth game of the first set.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
She also remembers a time when Dominic called her while she was on campus to assure her that she would ace another exam.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Two Kings scouts, Ace Bailey and Mark Bavis, were on the doomed Sept. 11 flight.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 幺点; 发球得分; 王牌驾驶员; 佼佼者
adj. 第一流的; 极好的; 能干的; 杰出的
vt. 发球得分; 彻底打败，击败; 得高分; 顺利通过考试
时态：aced, acing, aces
分布：发球得分(40%)，高手(18%)，幺点(11%)，一流的(11%)，好手(8%)，考试中取得好成绩(6%)，卓越的(6%)
→来自拉丁词as, 一，原指一种最低面值的铜币，后来受扑克牌A影响，表示王牌，优。
noun countable
PLAYING CARD 扑克牌
■one of the four playing cards with a single mark or spot, which have the highest or lowest value in many card games A 纸牌，爱司
• the ace of hearts/clubs/spades/diamonds 红心／梅花／黑桃／方块 A
[eɪs] noun countable
SKILLED PERSON 有技能的人 informal
■a person who is very skilled at something 擅长…的人，精通…的人；能手
• a tennis/flying ace 网球高手／王牌飞行员
[eɪs] noun countable
TENNIS 网球
■in tennis, a serve (= a hit of the ball which starts play) which is so strong and fast that the other player cannot return the ball （网球）发球得分
• That's the third ace that Violente has served this match. 那是维奥兰特在这场比赛中第三次发球得分。
[eɪs] noun countable
an ace up your sleeve (US also an ace in the hole)
■secret knowledge or a secret skill which will give you an advantage 秘密王牌；锦囊妙计
[eɪs] noun countable
come within an ace of sth UK
■to almost achieve something 差一点，几乎
• She came within an ace of winning the match. 她差一点就赢了这场比赛。
[eɪs] noun countable
have/hold all the aces
■to be in a strong position when you are competing with someone else because you have all the advantages 占绝对优势
• In a situation like this, it's the big companies who hold all the aces. 在这种形势下，占尽优势的是那些大公司。
[eɪs] verb transitive US informal
■to do very well in an examination …考得很好
• I was up all night studying, but it was worth it - I aced my chemistry final. 我熬了个通宵学习，倒是没有白费心血，化学期终考试我考得很好。
[eɪs] adjective old-fashioned slang
■excellent 第一流的，极好的
• He's an ace footballer. 他是位一流的足球运动员。
• That's an ace bike you've got there. 你那辆脚踏车棒极了。
n. 发球得分；幺点；佼佼者
 - flagship, cordon bleu
adj. 一流的，突出的
 - prominent, pointed, striking
vt. 以发球赢一分；击败
 - defeat, down

Word: taped
Front: taped
[teɪpt] (11934/21642)
Back: v. 用带子捆起来( tape的过去式和过去分词 ); 录音
分布：录音的(50%)，动词tape的过去式和过去分词.(25%)，捆绑的(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
磁带;录音带;录像带
Tape is a narrow plastic strip covered with a magnetic substance. It is used to record sounds, pictures, and computer information.
例：Tape is expensive and loses sound quality every time it is copied...磁带成本高，而且每录制一次音质就会变差一些。
例：Many students declined to be interviewed on tape.许多学生谢绝录音采访。
N-COUNT
(盒式或卷盘式)录音带，录像带
A tape is a cassette or spool with magnetic tape wound round it.
例：...a new cassette tape...一盒新带子
例：She still listens to the tapes I made her.她还在听我为她录制的带子。
VERB
(用录音机、录像机)录制(音乐、声音或电视画面)
If you tape music, sounds, or television pictures, you record them using a tape recorder or a video recorder.
例：She has just taped an interview...她刚录制完一次采访。
例：He shouldn't be taping without the singer's permission.他不该在没有征得演唱者同意的情况下录音。
N-VAR
(捆扎东西或注明衣物主人的)布条，布带
A tape is a strip of cloth used to tie things together or to identify who a piece of clothing belongs to.
例：The books were all tied up with tape.所有书籍都用布条捆扎了起来。
N-COUNT
(赛道上的)终点线
A tape is a ribbon that is stretched across the finishing line of a race.
例：...the finishing tape.终点线
N-UNCOUNT
胶带;胶条
Tape is a sticky strip of plastic used for sticking things together.
例：...strong adhesive tape.强力胶带
VERB
(用胶带)粘贴
If you tape one thing to another, you attach it using sticky tape.
例：I taped the base of the feather onto the velvet...我用胶带把羽毛的根部粘在了天鹅绒上。
例：There are notes from years ago taped to the walls...墙上有多年前用胶带粘上去的字条。

Word: chilled
Front: chilled
[tʃɪld] (11929/14860)
Back: adj. 已冷的，冷硬了的，冷冻的
v. （使）变冷( chill的过去式和过去分词 ); 使很冷; 使冰冷; 使恐惧
分布：冷却的(40%)，寒冷的(30%)，动词chill的过去式和过去分词.(15%)，冷藏的(15%)
[tʃɪld] informal
adjective
■relaxed, not worrying about anything 放松的；不担心的，不紧张的
• Me, I'm feeling pretty chilled. 我嘛，我感觉很轻松。

Word: leopard
Front: leopard
[ˈlepəd] (六托 11916/12209 -1)
Back: n. 豹; 美洲豹，金钱豹，花豹
分布：豹的毛皮；豹皮外衣(100%)
→来自拉丁语leopardus,狮子豹，leo,狮子，pardos,黑豹。
US [-ɚd] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large wild cat that has yellow fur with black spots on it and lives in Africa and southern Asia 豹
UK ['lep.əd] US [-ɚd] noun countable
A leopard can't / doesn't change its spots. saying
■something you say which means a person's character, especially if it is bad, will not change, even if they pretend it does 江山易改，本性难移。
n. [脊椎] 豹；美洲豹
 - panther, puma, pard

Word: latch
Front: latch
[lætʃ] (宝 11948/14085 -1)
Vocabulary: latch
(once / 1490 pages)
nv
When you unlock your front door, you open the latch. A latch is a fastener or lock that you open with a key.
A latch can usually be opened with a key or by turning a knob or lifting a hook or bar. You can also use the word latch as a verb, like when your mom reminds you to latch the front and back doors before you leave for school in the morning. In some places, the word "latch-key" is used to mean "key." The root of latch is the Germanic word læccan, "to grasp or seize."
WORD FAMILY
latch: latched, latches, latching, unlatched
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mette, a pregnant 20-year-old from the Ivory Coast, ran away from her violent husband on impulse when he left the door on the latch.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
When Silicon Valley and Madison Avenue latch on to a phrase, it’s not easy to shake it off.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“That’s what he latched on to after the loss of his wife.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 门闩; 弹簧锁
vt. & vi. 闩上; 用碰锁锁上（门等）; 抓住，占有
时态：latched, latching, latches
分布：门闩(68%)，弹簧锁(11%)，碰锁(10%)，明白(7%)，缠着(2%)，上闩(2%)
→可能来自slagw,抓住，词源同lemma,syllable,epilepsy.用于指门闩，插销。
【记】lat＝late，ch吃：吃得比较晚，是因为门闩栓上了！
noun countable
■a device for keeping a door or gate closed that consists of a metal bar which fits into a hole and which is lifted by pushing down on another bar 闩，门闩
on the latch UK
■closed but not fastened 关着但未锁上
• Don't forget to leave the front door on the latch if you go to bed before I get back. 你如果在我回来之前上床睡觉，别忘了给我留着前门。
[lætʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to close a door etc. with a latch 用闩把（门等）闩上
[lætʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  latch on UK informal
■to begin to understand something 开始明白，开始了解
• It took me ages to latch on to what she was talking about. 我好半天才弄明白她在说甚么。
[lætʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  latch onto sth
BECOME CONNECTED
■to become connected to something 与…发生联系，与…产生关联
• The antibodies work by latching onto proteins on the surfaces of the viruses and bacteria. 抗体透过与病毒和细菌表面的蛋白质结合而发挥作用。
BECOME INTERESTED informal
■to become interested in an idea, story or activity, and to start to use it 对…产生浓厚的兴趣
• Unfortunately the press have already latched onto the story. 遗憾的是传媒已经盯上这件事了。
[lætʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  latch onto sb informal
■to stay close to someone or spend a lot of time with them, usually when they do not want you with them 缠上（某人）
• She latched onto me as soon as she arrived, and I had to spend the rest of the evening talking to her. 她一来就缠住我，我只好晚上一直陪着她聊天。
vi. 占有，抓住；闭锁
 - take possession of, seize on
n. 门闩
 - door release, bolt

Word: bunny
Front: bunny
[ˈbʌni] (11945/10764 -1)
Back: n. 兔子; 可爱的女郎
分布：小兔子(100%)
→来自苏格兰方言bun , 兔子。最终来自bun, 小块，形容毛茸茸的兔子尾巴。
N-COUNT
（儿语）兔子
A bunny or a bunny rabbit is a child's word for a rabbit.
n. 兔子（特别是小兔子）；可爱女郎
 - rabbit, lapin

Word: stratum
Front: stratum
[ˈstrɑ:təm] (托宝 11902/8071 -1)
Vocabulary: stratum
(once / 589 pages)
n
A stratum is a layer of something, whether abstract, like a social stratum composed of only billionaires, or physical, like the different strata (that’s the plural version) of clouds that an airplane passes through.
Stratum comes from the Latin meaning "something that has been laid down," like asphalt or a bedsheet, but we generally use it to describe layers of something. If you go into geology, you will probably investigate different strata of the soil. If you start out in life poor and try to become rich, you are trying to get into a different social stratum.
WORD FAMILY
stratum: strata, stratify, stratums, substratum, superstratum+/interstratify: interstratified/ stratification: stratifications/ stratified: unstratified/ stratify: interstratify, stratification, stratified, stratifies, stratifying/substratum: substratums
USAGE EXAMPLES
If Marvin Lewis keeps his job after this season he’ll enter the Fisher strata of being completely, an inexplicably, untouchable.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
There’s no complaining about this strata, because it is anything but bland.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
If the 12th Man brings his vegetarian girlfriend to brunch, she might enjoy the breakfast strata.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 岩层; 地层; 社会阶层
分布：地层(56%)，阶层(44%)
→来自拉丁语 stratum,展开物，覆盖，铺盖，道路，中性格于 stratus,展开，展开的，铺开的， 过去分词格于 sternere,展开，铺开，伸展，来自 ster,展开，伸展，词源同 strew,street.后 用于科学术语指岩层，地层等。
US ['stræ.əm] (plural strata)
noun countable
■one of the parts or layers into which something is separated 部分；层；阶层
• The report shows that drugs have penetrated every stratum of American society. 报告显示，毒品已经渗入美国社会的各个阶层。
■specialized
■a layer of rock, soil or similar material 层；岩层；地层
• The cliffs are characterized by remarkable zigzagging strata of shale, limestone and sandstone. 悬崖的特征是，它们由一层层清晰易辨的页岩、石灰岩和砂岩交错构成。
n. （组织的） [生物] 层； [地质] 地层；社会阶层
 - thickness, layer, tier

Word: vinaigrette
Front: vinaigrette
[ˌvɪnɪˈgret] (11953/27882)
Back: n. 色拉调味汁（用油、醋和各种香草等混合而成）; 嗅瓶
分布：香料嗅瓶(60%)，香料饰盒(40%)
→来自法语vinaigre,芳香醋，词源同vinegar,-ette,小词后缀。
[ˌvɪn.ɪ'gret/ (UK also French dressing)
noun uncountable
■a cold sauce made from oil and vinegar, which is used especially on salad 醋油酱（一种沙拉调味汁）
n. 一种油，醋，盐，香料等合成的浓烈调味品；香料嗅瓶
 - salt, vinegar

Word: mash
Front: mash
[mæʃ] (宝 11940/18877 -1)
Vocabulary: mash
(once / 1559 pages)
1vn 2v
When you mash something, you crush it. You might, for example, mash a marshmallow by stepping on it.
Recipes for banana bread almost always include an instruction to mash some bananas — in other words, you need to squish and press on them until they no longer look like bananas. A bully might mash your carefully constructed sandcastle, crushing it down to the beach. The word mash seems to be related to mix, both probably rooted in the Proto-Indo-European meik, "to mix."
WORD FAMILY
mash: mashed, masher, mashes, mashing+/masher: mashers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The meal included traditional Thanksgiving fare such as turkey, ham, mashed potatoes, green beans and creamed corn.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Within the Pacific Ring of Fire, several tectonic plates mash and collide.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Volunteers prepared the mashed potatoes, green beans and stuffing on site, at a commercial-grade facility.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 麦芽浆; 谷物饲料; 糊状物; 土豆泥
vt. 捣碎，磨碎; 捣成糊状的混和物; 〈俚〉调情，挑逗（异性）
时态：mashed, mashing, mashes
分布：麦芽浆(33%)，土豆泥(30%)，糊状物(17%)，调情(10%)，挑逗(5%)，把 ... 捣成糊状(5%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*maisk,来自meik,混合，搅拌，词源同mix.引申词义捣碎，使成糊状。
【记】原指：把麦芽或谷物调成麦芽浆读：妈湿，妈妈在弄湿的东西－麦芽浆－捣成糊状
【区】marsh（n 沼泽）
verb transitive
■to crush food, usually after cooking it, so that it forms a soft mass 将（食物）捣成泥状，把（食物）捣烂，捣碎
• Mash the potatoes and then mix in the butter and herbs. 将马铃薯捣成泥，然后拌入奶油和香草。
■mainly US informal
■to violently crush part of a body or an object 严重损毁
• His face was badly mashed up in the accident. 他的脸在意外中严重受伤变形。
[mæʃ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mash up sth
■to crush something, especially food 捣碎，压碎（尤指食物）
• He always mashes up his peas before he eats them. 他总是先将豌豆捣碎才吃。
[mæʃ] noun uncountable UK informal
■ mashed potatoes 马铃薯泥
• sausage and mash 香肠和马铃薯泥
n. 饲料；糊状物；麦芽浆
 - feed, paste
vt. 捣碎；调情
 - contuse, quash

Word: shuffling
Front: shuffling
['ʃʌflɪŋ] (11917/32693)
Back: v. 洗（纸牌）( shuffle的现在分词 ); 拖着脚步走; 粗心地做; 摆脱尘世的烦恼
分布：动词shuffle的现在分词形式.(34%)，慢慢移动的(33%)，滑移的(33%)
VERB
拖着脚走
If you shuffle somewhere, you walk there without lifting your feet properly off the ground.
例：Moira shuffled across the kitchen...莫伊拉拖着脚穿过厨房。
例：They shuffled along somewhat reluctantly.他们有些不情愿地拖着脚走着。
VERB
(通常因不舒服或难为情)挪动双脚，坐立不安
If you shuffle around, you move your feet about while standing or you move your bottom about while sitting, often because you feel uncomfortable or embarrassed.
例：He shuffles around in his chair...他在椅子上如坐针毡。
例：He grinned and shuffled his feet.他咧嘴笑了，脚动来动去。
VERB
洗(牌)
If you shuffle playing cards, you mix them up before you begin a game.
例：There are various ways of shuffling and dealing the cards.有各种不同的洗牌和发牌方式。
VERB
将(纸张等)变换位置;打乱…的次序
If you shuffle things such as pieces of paper, you move them around so that they are in a different order.
例：The silence lengthened as Thorne unnecessarily shuffled some papers.索恩整理着一些本无须整理的文件，沉默还在延续。
adj. 支吾的，曳步的；慢慢移动
 - faltering

Word: Buddhism
Front: Buddhism
['bʊdɪz(ə)m] (高六 10473/16173 -1)
Back: n. 佛教
分布：佛教(100%)
→Buddha,佛祖，-ism,主义，思想，宗教。
佛教(Ｂuddha佛)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a religion that originally comes from India, and teaches that personal spiritual improvement will lead to escape from human suffering 佛教

Word: contracting
Front: contracting
['kɒntræktɪŋ] (11942/8949)
Back: adj. 收缩的，缩成的，缩小的
分布：收缩的(69%)，缔约的(21%)，动词contract的现在分词形式.(10%)
N-COUNT
合同;契约
A contract is a legal agreement, usually between two companies or between an employer and employee, which involves doing work for a stated sum of money.
例：The company won a prestigious contract for work on Europe's tallest building...这家公司赢得了一份极为重要的合同，参与建设欧洲最高的大厦。
例：He was given a seven-year contract with an annual salary of $150,000.他签下了一份为期7年的合同，年薪为15万美元。
VERB
签合同，订立契约(做某事)
If you contract with someone to do something, you legally agree to do it for them or for them to do it for you.
例：You can contract with us to deliver your cargo...你可以跟我们签订送货合同。
例：The Boston Museum of Fine Arts has already contracted to lease part of its collection to a museum in Japan.波士顿美术博物馆已经签订合同，将其部分藏品租借给日本一家博物馆。
V-ERG
(使)收缩;(使)缩小;(使)缩短
When something contracts or when something contracts it, it becomes smaller or shorter.
例：Blood is only expelled from the heart when it contracts...血液在心脏收缩的时候从心脏流出。
例：New research shows that an excess of meat and salt can contract muscles.新的研究表明，过量食用肉类和盐可能会导致肌肉收缩。
VERB
(经济、市场等)紧缩，缩小
When something such as an economy or market contracts, it becomes smaller.
例：The manufacturing economy contracted in October for the sixth consecutive month.10月，制造业经济已经连续第6个月出现萎缩状况。
VERB
感染，患(病)
If you contract a serious illness, you become ill with it.
例：He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion...他因为输血而感染了艾滋病。
例：Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer contracted by women.卵巢癌是女性常患的第六大癌症。
VERB
订立(婚约);签订(盟约等)
If you contract a marriage, alliance, or other relationship with someone, you arrange to have that relationship with them.
例：She contracted a formal marriage to a British ex-serviceman.她和一个英国退役军人正式订婚了。
N-COUNT
买凶杀人的协议
If there is a contract on a person or on their life, someone has made an arrangement to have them killed.
例：The convictions resulted in the local crime bosses putting a contract on him...这些判罪导致当地犯罪团伙的老大们要雇凶杀他。
例：The police advised her to get out of town because there was a contract on her life.警察建议她离开这个城市，因为有人雇杀手杀她。
PHRASE
签订工作合同的
If you are under contract to someone, you have signed a contract agreeing to work for them, and for no-one else, during a fixed period of time.
例：The director wanted Olivia de Havilland, then under contract to Warner Brothers.导演想要当时签约于华纳兄弟娱乐公司旗下的奥利维娅·德哈维兰出演。

Word: temp
Front: temp
[temp] (宝 11941/19192)
Back: n. 临时雇员，（尤指）临时秘书
vi. 打临时工，做临时工作，打零工
abbr. temperature温度
分布：临时雇员(89%)，临时做工(11%)
[temp] informal
noun countable
■a person employed to work for a short period, especially in an office while another person is absent or when there is extra work （尤指办公室的）临时雇员
n. 临时雇员
 - super

Word: midway
Front: midway
[ˌmɪdˈweɪ] (11957/11446 -1)
Vocabulary: midway
(once / 1321 pages)
1advadj 2n
Anything midway between two points is halfway between them. A midway is also a place at a carnival where sideshow entertainment is located.
Being midway is being at a midpoint or the center. If you're halfway between home and school, you're midway between those two places. At the end of sophomore year, you're midway through high school. Another type of midway is part of a fair or carnival. On the midway, you'll find sideshow amusements such as a bearded lady, a snake charmer, or someone swallowing a sword.
WORD FAMILY
midway: midways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tennessee State held a 43-35 lead at the break and was up 59-51 at the midway point of the second half.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Houston led by 25 points midway through the second quarter but needed Harden and Harrell to carry it to victory.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Marshall was left equally flat-footed midway through the first half when, after Barry opened space with a delayed pass, Barkley’s cross-shot skipped wide.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 中途，半途; 娱乐场，游乐场; 折中办法，中间道路
adv. 中途地，中间地; 中途，半路
adj. 居中的，中途的
分布：中途(27%)，中途的(19%)，中间的(15%)，娱乐场(11%)，中间地(11%)，中间(11%)，折中办法(3%)，中途地(3%)
adverb
■half the distance between two places 在中途，在半路；在两地之间
• Leeds is midway between London and Edinburgh. 里兹在伦敦与爱丁堡之间。
■in the middle of a process or period of time 到（进程的）一半时，在（一段时间的）中间
• She stopped working midway through her pregnancy. 她到怀孕中期时停止了工作。
[ˌmɪd'weɪ] noun countable US
■a part of a fair, circus etc. where there are games of skill and other types of entertainment 娱乐场（露天游乐场、马戏团等的一部分，提供技巧游戏和其他娱乐活动的地方）
• Some people go to the state fair to see the livestock, but I prefer the midway. 一些人到州市集是为了看家畜，我却比较喜欢那里的娱乐场。
n. 中途；娱乐场
 - casino, midcourse
adj. 中途的
 - intermediary, halfway

Word: attendee
Front: attendee
[ˌætenˈdi:] (11920/35820)
Vocabulary: attendee
(once / 9983 pages)
n
An attendee is a person who shows up at an event or meeting. If you go to your family reunion every summer, you can say you're a regular attendee.
Conferences, conventions, and other gatherings need to have attendees so they can proceed as planned. You might be a French club attendee at school or a regular town bike swap attendee. The original word for attendee was attender, but its meaning came to be "someone who waits on others," while attendee, as of the mid-20th century, was "someone who attends."
WORD FAMILY
attendee: attendees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any attendee who passes through fanfest security is cleared to enter the stadium.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The location was disclosed to attendees who received a code from the promoter.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Notably, there were no attendees advocating secession from Russia.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （会议等的）出席者
分布：出席者(70%)，在场者(30%)
noun countable
■someone who goes to a place, event, etc. 出席者，参加者
n. 出席者；在场者
 - turnout

Word: Venetian

Word: bullpen
Front: bullpen
[ˈbʊlpen] (11900/-)
Vocabulary: bullpen
(once / 3835 pages)
1n 2n
The bullpen is the small area on a baseball field where pitchers warm up, throwing practice pitches to a catcher. The bullpen is often situated in the foul zone along the side of the field.
In a professional baseball game, there is always at least one relief pitcher getting ready to replace the starting pitcher. These backup pitchers practice in the bullpen, keeping their throwing arms warmed up and ready. Sometimes the people inside the bullpen are also referred to as "the bullpen." Additionally, people who are confined together in a prison or cell are often said to be in a bullpen.
WORD FAMILY
bullpen: bullpens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ziegler reached an agreement last week on the deal, the latest involving the Marlins’ bid to upgrade their bullpen.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The Pirates bolstered their bullpen, agreeing to a two-year, $11 million contract with reliever Daniel Hudson.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Neither will be in Washington, leaving the same bullpen hole that was created when the season ended.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. <美>牛栏，<口>大房间（尤指候审犯人用的），候补队员区
分布：牛栏(78%)，犯人候审间(22%)
['bʊl.pen] US
noun countable
■in baseball, a place near the playing area where pitchers (= people throwing the ball) can throw the ball to get ready to play in the game （棒球运动中）投球练习区
n. 牛栏；大房间；（棒球）候补队员区
 - large room, byre

Word: exodus
Vocabulary: exodus
(once / 4634 pages)
n
If the fire alarm goes off in your building, be sure to join the exodus of people who are heading outside to the parking lot. This is a departure of a large number of people.
Exodus is the title of the second book of the Bible’s Old Testament in which the Israelites escape slavery in Egypt, but the term can refer to any sudden departure of a group of people. This noun is often coupled with the adjective mass, as in “mass exodus,” which usually indicates that almost everyone leaves at the same time. The reasons for this departure can be hostile, as during a war, or not, as when everyone exits the movie theater after the show's over.
WORD FAMILY
exodus: exoduses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is an exodus by land, sea and air.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
During her seven-decade career she closely reported on Israel, including its war for independence, as well as the Nuremberg trials and the Haganah ship exodus.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
The growing bombardment prompted an exodus to refugee camps and brought those who stayed constant tragedy.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)

Word: moan
Front: moan
[məʊn] (研四六宝 7649/6537 -2)
Vocabulary: moan
(once / 386 pages)
nv
The low sound you make when you're in pain is called a moan. A bad stomachache can leave you bent over, making soft moans.
Moan is also a verb, so whenever someone is hurting enough — physically or mentally — there's the possibility they'll moan in despair or discomfort. You can also use this word to mean "whine" or "complain," like when your little sister moans about how much smaller her slice of pie is than yours. Experts think moan is related to the Old English word mænan, "complain or moan," but that it's also imitative — resembling the sound it describes.
WORD FAMILY
moan: moaned, moaner, moaning, moans+/moaner: moaners
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Doc, the pain is killing me,” he moaned.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The result: users falling into a trancelike state, groaning and moaning, their eyes lifeless and their movements slow and seemingly mechanical.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
"Pulled a muscle," he moans, lying down on the floor next to the bench.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 以呻吟声说出; 悲叹; 抱怨; 哀悼
n. 呻吟声; 悲叹声; （尤指风的）呼啸声
vi. 呻吟; 发出呻吟般的凄切声; 悲叹; 抱怨
时态：moaned, moaning, moans
分布：呻吟(49%)，抱怨(42%)，呻吟声(8%)，抱怨声(1%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿呻吟的声音。
n.呻吟声,悲叹声v.呻吟,抱怨,悲叹He always has some moan or another.他总是抱怨这抱怨那.
US [moʊn] verb intransitive
SOUND 声音
■to make a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion 呻吟声；呜咽声
• He moaned with pain before losing consciousness. 他痛苦地呻吟，随后就失去了知觉。
• "Let me die," he moaned. “让我死吧。”他呻吟道。
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] verb intransitive
COMPLAIN 抱怨 informal disapproving
■to make a complaint in an unhappy voice, usually about something which does not seem important to other people 抱怨；发牢骚
• Thelma's always moaning (about something), and forgets how lucky she actually is. 特尔玛总爱抱怨，忘记了实际上她是多么幸运。
• [+ speech] "I don't like potatoes," he moaned. “我不爱吃马铃薯，”他抱怨说。
• [+ (that)] First she moans (that) she's too hot, and then that she's too cold. 起初她抱怨说太热了，然后又说太冷了。
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] noun countable
SOUND 声音
■a long low sound of pain, suffering or another strong emotion 呻吟声；呜咽声
• We could hear the moans of someone trapped under the rubble. 我们听到被困在瓦砾下的人发出的呻吟声。
• moans of ecstasy/agony 狂喜／痛苦的呻吟声
UK [məʊn] US [moʊn] noun countable
COMPLAINT 抱怨 informal disapproving
■when someone complains about something or a complaint 抱怨；牢骚
• Apart from a slight moan about the waiter, he seemed to enjoy the meal. 除了对侍者有点不满外，他那顿饭似乎吃得很愉快。
sign, groan, moan, sob
这组词都有“叹息声，叹息”的意思，其区别是：
sign: 多指无意识地发出表示沮丧、悲痛、悔恨或厌倦等情绪的深沉叹息。
groan: 侧重指因受到难忍受的精神负担或强烈的痛苦等而发出沉重的呻吟，也指显示强烈不满的叹息声。
moan: 语气比groan强，多指拉长的或连续的悲叹(声)或呻吟(声)。
sob: 指抽噎声或呜咽声，或边说边哭。
vi. 抱怨，悲叹；呻吟
 - beef about, repine
n. 呻吟声；悲叹
 - regret, lamentation
vt. 抱怨；呻吟着说
 - beef about, rail against

Word: bystander
Front: bystander
[ˈbaɪstændə(r)] (宝 11928/14714 -1)
Vocabulary: bystander
(once / 1770 pages)
n
Someone who observes an event without taking part in it is a bystander. The police may want to interview any bystanders who witnessed a robbery, to get a description of the robber.
A bystander does exactly what the word describes: they stand by, watching what's happening but not participating. You'll often hear the phrase "innocent bystander." For example, a newspaper might report on a fight breaking out after a football game, resulting in injuries to innocent bystanders. Before this word was coined around 1610, stander-by was common.
WORD FAMILY
bystander: bystanders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mehmet Dag, 22, was passing by the club and saw the suspect shoot at a police officer and a bystander.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Sellinger tried to steal the motorcycle from a 70-year-old man and was trying to choke him before bystanders intervened, authorities said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Police say a bystander found 25-year-old Antoinios Butler around midnight Friday, lying face down in a street near a shopping center.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 旁观者; 局外人; 看热闹的人
分布：旁观者(85%)，看热闹的人(9%)，局外人(6%)
【记】by旁边，stander站立者－站在旁边的人－旁观者
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a person who is standing near and watching something that is happening but is not taking part in it 旁观者
• Many innocent bystanders were injured by the explosion. 许多无辜的旁观者在爆炸中受伤。
n. 旁观者；看热闹的人
 - stander-by, beholder

Word: untrue
Front: untrue
[ʌnˈtru:] (高 11958/11112 -1)
Back: adj. 不真实的; 不合标准的; 不忠实的; 非真
分布：不真实的(73%)，不忠实的(17%)，不正确的(10%)
adjective
■not true; false 不真实的；虚假的
adj. 不真实的；不合标准的；不忠实的；不正当的
 - impossible, unreal

Word: munch
Front: munch
[mʌntʃ] (11954/14664 -1)
Vocabulary: munch
(once / 2668 pages)
vn
To munch is to eat something in a loud and enthusiastic way. If you can't stand listening to your brother munch his toast in the morning, you might decide to take your breakfast to go.
When you eat something steadily, especially if it's something crunchy, you munch. You might munch on carrot sticks for a snack and then munch a grilled cheese sandwich for lunch. You can also take a munch, or a bite, out of something. Munch is an imitative word, its sound echoing the actual sound of munching, but it may also have a connection to the Old French mangier, "to bite or chew."
WORD FAMILY
munch: munched, muncher, munches, munching+/muncher: munchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
While we were munching sandwiches the tranquility of this little place was shattered by a quarrel between a gunman and the owner.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Oscar, the class’s guinea pig, munched contentedly on his guinea pig chow.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
That’s because the early-morning visitor was no domestic feline munching on some unlucky rodent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 用力咀嚼（某物）; 大声咀嚼
时态：munched, munching, munches
分布：大声咀嚼(100%)
→来自法语mangier,吃，咬，拟声词。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to eat something, especially noisily 大声咀嚼
• He was munching on an apple. 他大口啃着苹果。
• We watched her munch her way through two packets of peanuts. 我们看着她津津有味地嚼完了两包花生。
[mʌntʃ] noun uncountable UK informal
■food 食物，吃的东西
• Shall we get some munch, then? 那么我们吃点东西好吗？

Word: compulsive
Front: compulsive
[kəmˈpʌlsɪv] (托 11963/14830 -1)
Vocabulary: compulsive
(once / 8237 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Compulsive people have irresistible urges to do certain things, like a compulsive gossip who simply cannot keep a secret.
If you're compulsive, you can't stop yourself from doing something, like compulsive counting of the sidewalk blocks on your way to school. There is sometimes an upside to compulsive behavior — like a compulsive desire to be the best hockey player, which makes you work hard to make it happen. Someone who has compulsive tendencies can be called a compulsive, the noun form of the word.
WORD FAMILY
compulsive: compulsively, compulsiveness, compulsives, compulsivity+/ compel: compelled, compelling, compels, compulsion, compulsive / compelling: compellingly/ compulsion: compulsions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compulsive eating is an addiction, very much like alcoholism.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The whole thing is more like the compulsive re-enactment of a trauma than the inscription of a fond reminiscence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Answer: Compulsive hoarding is a serious disorder that’s hard to treat unless the person is willing to change—and hoarders rarely are.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 极有趣的; 令人着迷的; 因着迷而引起的; 强迫性的
adv. 极有趣地，令人着迷地，强迫性地
分布：强迫的(41%)，难以抑制的(28%)，上瘾的(20%)，极有趣的(11%)
adjective
■doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it 难以抑制的；强烈冲动引起的；强迫性的；强制性的
• a compulsive liar/thief/eater 说谎成性的人／惯匪／饮食无节制的人
• compulsive gambling 嗜赌成性
• a compulsive eating disorder 强迫性饮食失调症
■describes a film, play, sports event, book, etc. that is so interesting or exciting that you do not want to stop watching or reading it （电影、戏、体育项目、书等）引人入胜的，欲罢不能的
• I always find programmes about hospitals compulsive viewing. 我一向觉得有关医院的电视节目很好看。
• Her latest book is compulsive reading /a compulsive read. 她的新书让人爱不释手。
adj. 强制的；强迫的
 - forced, mandatory

Word: paramilitary
Front: paramilitary
[ˌpærəˈmɪlətri] (11956/13312 -1)
Vocabulary: paramilitary
(once / 6345 pages)
adjn
A group that's described as being paramilitary resembles an organized army. During the American Revolutionary War, the minutemen were a paramilitary group that fought in the earliest battles.
When civilians organize themselves (or are organized) into a group that appears to be military, or that assists actual military troops, that's a paramilitary organization. You can also call it, simply, a paramilitary. The early twentieth century word combines the prefix para-, "near" or "resembling," and military, from its Latin root militaris, "of soldiers or war."
WORD FAMILY
paramilitary: paramilitaries, paramilitarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wang was formerly the commander of China’s armed paramilitary police force for five years.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Police and paramilitary forces arrived in large numbers and fired bullets above the crowd, according to campaigners at Free Tibet.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Hardly anyone looked askance at his passion for guns and for training youths in paramilitary tactics.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 准军事的; 辅助军事的
n. 准军事部队的成员
分布：起军事辅助作用的(75%)，准军事性的(25%)
→para-,辅助，准，military,军事的。
US [ˌper.ə'mɪl.ə.ter.i] adjective
■describes a group which is organized like an army but is not official and often not legal 准军事的，非法军事组织的
■connected with and helping the official armed forces 与正规军有联系的，辅助军事的
• In some countries, police and fire officers have paramilitary training. 在一些国家，员警和消防员都接受准军事训练。
UK [ˌpær.ə'mɪl.ɪ.tri] US [ˌper.ə'mɪl.ə.ter.i] noun countable
■a person who belongs to a paramilitary organization 准军事组织成员

Word: woven
Front: woven
[ˈwəʊvn] (11959/14341)
Back: v. 编，织，织成( weave的过去分词 ); 编排; 杜撰; （把…）编成
分布：编织的(93%)，动词weave的过去分词.(7%)
US ['woʊ-] verb past participle of
■ weave (MAKE) 织布
v. 编织；交织（weave的过去分词）；编造
 - knitted, redacted

Word: flannel
Front: flannel
[ˈflænl] (六宝 11931/12072 -1)
Vocabulary: flannel
(once / 1013 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Flannel is a warm, soft cotton or wool fabric. Plaid work shirts are commonly made of flannel.
Flannel has been around since the 1700s, when it was created in Welsh textile mills. Pants made of flannel became popular throughout Britain by the early 20th century, particularly in sports like cricket — these trousers are often called flannels. Another kind of flannel is a washcloth or cloth for cleaning. The word flannel is probably related to the Welsh gwlanen, "woolen cloth."
WORD FAMILY
flannel: flannelled, flannels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her husband, in a flannel shirt and khakis, sat beside her.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
I switch to flannel sheets as soon as the outside temperature at night drops below 50.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“We use pillowcases, of course. Look. I’ve got these red flannel ones.”
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 法兰绒，绒布; 法兰绒衣服; 毛巾; <俚>花言巧语
adj. 法兰绒的
vt. 用法兰绒擦[包]; 使穿法兰绒衣服
分布：法兰绒(78%)，花言巧语(8%)，毛巾(8%)，法兰绒男裤(4%)，说或写兜圈子的话(2%)
→来自wele, 羊毛，词源同wool.字母 f，w音变。用来指法兰绒。
【记】音译词
noun
PIECE OF CLOTH 一块布
countable UK for
■ facecloth (= a small cloth used to wash the body, especially the face and hands) 面巾，擦脸巾
['flæn.əl] noun
TYPE OF CLOTH 布的一种
uncountable
■a light cloth usually made from wool, used especially for making clothes 法兰绒
• flannel trousers 法兰绒长裤
flannels [plural] UK
■trousers made of flannel 法兰绒裤
• Traditionally, white flannels are worn when playing cricket. 按照传统，打板球时要穿白色法兰绒裤。
['flæn.əl] noun
UNNECESSARY WORDS 不必要的话
uncountable UK informal
■speech containing a lot of words which is used to avoid telling the truth or answering a question, and is often intended to deceive 兜圈子的话；应付性的话
• Leave out the flannel and answer the question! 别兜圈子了，回答问题吧！
['flæn.əl] verb intransitive or transitive (-ll-) UK informal
■to use a lot of words to avoid telling the truth or answering a question, often in order to deceive 兜圈子的话；应付性的话
n. [纺] 法兰绒；法兰绒衣服；法兰绒巾
 - caroset

Word: cock
Front: cock
[kɒk] (高研四六 8484/7962 -2)
Vocabulary: cock
(once / 369 pages)
1nv 2vn 3n 4v 5n
Cock is most often used to refer to either birds or guns. A cock is a rooster, but it's also the hammer on a gun that you adjust so you can fire it.
You might hear the word cock used to mean "penis," but that's a vulgar form of the word, so be sure you're in the right company if you opt to use it. A cock is a male bird, particularly a rooster. When you cock a gun, you raise its cock to make it ready for firing. When you cock something in a certain direction, you are tilting it that way.
WORD FAMILY
cock: cocked, cocking, cocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a cross-examination, he stands erect, chest cocked, as if to fill the courtroom.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Murray said the gun was cocked, its safety was off and it had a round in its chamber.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Adapted screenplay went to Jay Cocks and Martin Scorsese for “Silence.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 公鸡; 成熟雄鸟; 首领，领导; 龙头
vt. 使某物竖起; 使某物倾斜; 使朝上; 扳上扳机
vi. 翘起，竖起; 大摇大摆
时态：cocked, cocking, cocks
分布：公鸡(68%)，旋塞(11%)，竖起(11%)，翘起(8%)，雄禽(2%)
→来自keuk, 鸡叫声，词源同chicken.
n.公鸡,雄鸡;龙头,开关At 8 o'clock the clerk locked the flock of cocks in the room.八点钟时办事员将那群公鸡锁在房间里.
US [kɑ:k] noun
BIRD 鸟
countable (US also rooster)
■an adult male chicken 公鸡，雄鸡
• The cock started to crow. 公鸡开始叫了。
countable
■used with the name of a bird to refer to the adult male of that type （与鸟名合用）雄鸟，雄禽
• a cock robin 雄知更鸟
• a cock pheasant 雄雉鸡
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
PENIS 阴茎
countable offensive
■a penis 阴茎，鸡巴
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] noun
FORM OF ADDRESS 称呼形式 (also cocker) UK old-fashioned informal
■a friendly form of address, used especially by a man talking to another man （亲热的称呼，尤用于男子之间）老兄，伙计
• Wotcher, cock! How's things? 嘿，伙计！怎么样？
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
TURN 转动
transitive
■to move a part of your body upwards or in a particular direction 竖起，翘起，歪着
• He cocked his head on one side with a slight frown. 他把头歪向一边，皱了皱眉。
• The dog cocked its leg against a tree. 狗靠在一棵树上，翘起一条腿。
• to cock an ear/eyebrow 竖起耳朵／扬起眉毛
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
PREPARE GUN 准备好枪
transitive
■to push the necessary piece of a gun up into position so that it is ready for firing 扣上（枪的）扳机；扳起（枪的）击铁；拉起（枪的）枪栓
• He cocked his rifle and took aim. 他拉上了步枪的枪栓瞄准目标。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
cock a snook at sb/sth UK
■to do something intentionally to show you have no respect for someone or something 对…嗤之以鼻，对…不屑一顾
• He could seldom resist an opportunity to cock a snook at traditional English life. 他从来不放过对传统的英国式生活表示轻蔑的机会。
UK [kɒk] US [kɑ:k] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cock sth up UK slang
■to do something wrong or badly 把…弄糟；把…搞砸；破坏
• David cocked up the arrangements and we ended up missing the reception. 大卫安排得一团糟，结果我们错过了招待会。
• "How did the exam go?" "Terrible - I panicked and really cocked it up." “你考得怎么样？”“糟透了——我怯场，考得真是一塌糊涂。”
n. [禽] 公鸡；龙头；雄鸟；头目
 - rooster, coq
vt. 使竖起；使耸立；使朝上
 - peak
vi. 翘起；竖起；大摇大摆
 - stick up, tilt

Word: blinding
Front: blinding
[ˈblaɪndɪŋ] (11939/15054 -1)
Vocabulary: blinding
(once / 1385 pages)
adj
If something is blinding, it's so bright that it makes you lose your vision temporarily. The blinding light of a camera flash can be very annoying.
The bright or dazzling light of fireworks, a flashlight, or even light glinting off of a mirror or a diamond necklace can all be blinding, rendering you briefly unable to see. Anything you can't see through can be described this way, like blinding rain or the blinding white of a blizzard, and even pain is sometimes blinding. The word shares an Old English root with blind, blendan, "to deprive of sight."
WORD FAMILY
blinding: blindingest+/ blind: blinded, blinder, blindest, blinding, blindingly, blindly, blindness, blinds/blinder: blinders/blindness: blindnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been building up for years, and now the contrasts in America are so glaring as to be blinding.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Thousands of shows, each aglow with however dim a wattage, generate a collective, steady glare, blinding memory.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
There were washboard abs and dad bods, tattooed torsos and blinding white chests that seemed as if they hadn’t seen the sun this millennium.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 炫目的，耀眼的; 使人眼花缭乱的; 使人昏聩的; 刺眼的
v. 使失明，使眩晕(blind的现在分词)
n. 碎石子，细沙
分布：刺眼的(36%)，耀眼的(30%)，使盲的(26%)，动词blind的现在分词.(8%)
adjective
■extremely bright 炫目的，耀眼的
• There was loud bang and a sudden blinding light. 随着一声巨响，突然出现了一道耀眼的光。
['blaɪn.dɪŋ] adjective
a blinding flash
■an idea or answer that suddenly becomes obvious （主意或答案）在脑海中突然闪现
• The answer came to her in a blinding flash. 答案突然闪现在她脑海中。

Word: bliss
Front: bliss
[blɪs] (托宝 11965/11334 -1)
Vocabulary: bliss
(once / 382 pages)
n
Bliss is a state of complete happiness or joy. Marriage is often associated with this joyous feeling: people who are married and still in love are described as living in wedded bliss.
Another common association is heaven or paradise, as in eternal bliss. Bliss is from Middle English blisse, from Old English bliss, blīths. The final -s in this Old English word is actually a suffix and the word itself is related to blīthe, the source of modern English blithe, which means happy.
WORD FAMILY
bliss: blisses, blissful +/ blissful: blissfulest, blissfully, blissfulness/blissfulness: blissfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
A soggy version only slightly diminished one evening’s postprandial bliss.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
By meticulously choreographing a pastiche of domestic bliss and quirky invention, Zuck’s “people” appear to be trying to shift the attention away from 2016’s tribulations.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
And to watch divas and divos in bliss delights the audience.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 极乐; 天赐的福; 幸福无比; 狂喜
vt. 使欣喜若狂，使狂喜
vi. 欣喜若狂，狂喜
分布：幸福(67%)，极乐(28%)，天赐的福(5%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光，指容光满面。词源同blithe. 拼写受bless影响。
noun uncountable
■perfect happiness 极乐，狂喜；天赐之福
• Lying on a sunny beach is my idea of sheer bliss. 我认为躺在沙滩上晒太阳是最大的幸福。
• wedded/domestic bliss 婚姻／家庭生活的幸福
[blɪs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bliss (sb) out informal
■to become, or to make someone, completely happy and relaxed （使）飘飘欲仙，（使）极乐无忧
• to bliss out on music/LSD 透过音乐／迷幻药达到极乐
• I like to go off on my own - to sit back and bliss out in a darkened movie theater. 我喜欢独自外出——舒服地坐在漆黑的电影院里，乐在其中。
blissed out /ˌblɪstˈaʊt] adjective informal 3. They sat two by two, blissed out in the sunshine. 阳光下，他们成双成对地坐在一起，心中无比幸福。
n. 极乐；天赐的福
 - heaven
vi. 狂喜
 - glory, exult

Word: recital
Front: recital
[rɪˈsaɪtl] (托雅宝 11952/12076 -1)
Vocabulary: recital
(once / 1094 pages)
1n 2n
The hardest part about piano lessons is having to give a recital, or to demonstrate what you've learned in front of an audience.
You can also use the noun recital to describe the telling of a story. Your uncle might be famous for boring people at parties with his recital of youthful Boy Scout adventures, for example. In the 1500s, recital was strictly a legal term, the "statement of relevant facts," but the musical meaning had come into use by the 1800s. The root is the Latin word recitare, "repeat from memory."
WORD FAMILY
recital: recitalist, recitals+/recitalist: recitalists/ recitation: recitations/ recite: recital, recitation, recited, reciter, recites, reciting/reciter: reciters
USAGE EXAMPLES
This festive recital from Boston’s superb early-music choir is the thinking listener’s Christmas program.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Never deliver a medical monologue, or as he puts it, “leave the organ recitals for the concert hall.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Informative notes, and full texts and translations, accompany this captivating recital by a significant talent.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 独唱会; 独奏会; 小型音乐会、舞蹈表演会等; 一系列事件等的详述
分布：独奏会(52%)，独唱会(20%)，详述(12%)，背诵(11%)，吟诵(5%)
→来自 recite,背诵，朗诵。
背诵;独奏(recite+al)[cit=quote,call,表示"引用,唤起"]
【记】源于：recite（v 背诵），re重新，cite引－重新引出一背诵
【参】incite（v 激动；煽动）；recitalist（n 独奏家）
US [-tˌəl] noun countable
■a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small group of people （通常指单人或一小群人表演的）独奏会，朗诵会
• I went to a violin recital today. 我今天听了一场小提琴独奏会。
• He is giving a recital of Bach's sonatas. 他将举办巴赫奏鸣曲个人演奏会。
■a detailed description of something or a list of things 详述；列举
• She gave us a long, boring recital of all her troubles. 她不停地跟我们念叨她所有的烦心事，真烦人。
n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会；背诵；独唱会
 - oral reading, repetition

Word: infertility
Front: infertility
[ˌɪnfɜ:'tɪlətɪ] (11923/21050)
Back: n. 不肥沃，不毛; 不育
分布：不孕(55%)，不育(43%)，不毛(1%)，不肥沃(1%)
ADJ
(人或动物)不能生育的
A person or animal that is infertile is unable to produce babies.
例：According to one survey, one woman in eight is infertile.据我们调查,八分之一的女性不能生育。
ADJ-GRADED
(土壤)不肥沃的,贫瘠的
Infertile soil is of poor quality so that plants cannot grow in it.
例：The polluted waste is often dumped, making the surrounding land infertile.被污染的废物经常被随意倒掉,周边土地因此而变得很贫瘠。
n. 不毛；不肥沃；贫瘠
 - sterility, leanness

Word: warship
Front: warship
[ˈwɔ:ʃɪp] (11960/12328 -1)
Back: n. 军舰，战舰
分布：军舰(63%)，战舰(37%)
US ['wɔ:r-] noun countable
■a ship supplied with guns, for use in war 战舰，军舰
n. 战船， [军] 军舰
 - warcraft, naval ship

Word: adjoining
Front: adjoining
[ə'dʒɔɪnɪŋ] (托 11972/8631)
Back: adj. 毗连的，邻近的
v. 邻近，毗连( adjoin的现在分词 )
分布：毗邻的(94%)，动词adjoin的现在分词.(6%)
毗邻的(adjoin+ing)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
adjective [before noun]
■near, next to, or touching 邻近的；毗邻的
• We asked for adjoining rooms. 我们要了相邻的房间。
adj. 邻接的；毗连的
 - adjacent, conterminal

Word: tunic
Front: tunic
[ˈtju:nɪk] (11961/12601 -1)
Vocabulary: tunic
(once / 1483 pages)
1n 2n
A tunic is a loose-fitting shirt that looks sort of like a long shirt or a short dress. For a fashionable summer look, you might pair trousers with a comfortable tunic that extends past your waist.
The ancient Greeks and Romans were early fans of the tunic, and the loose-fitting garment remains popular in modern times. A tunic is popular wardrobe choice in hot, tropical regions because it's loose fitting and comfortable and helps you stay cool. Tunic can also refer to a membrane or tissue that covers something, like an organ or part of a plant. Some plants like tulips and onions have a protective tunic covering the outside of their bulb.
WORD FAMILY
tunic: tunics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The magical world of Oz now features a medieval look with period dress wear for women and the men in tunics.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“What do you do with a dress like that?” she asked, pointing to a black jersey Joseph tunic priced at $650.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
In another, bundles of long, beige Afghan-style tunics and pants favored by the group were strewn across the floor.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物的）膜皮; 束腰宽松外衣; 一套制服的短上衣; （天主教主教等穿的）短祭袍
分布：束腰外衣(55%)，短上衣(29%)，被膜(16%)
→来自拉丁语 tunica,短袍，内衣，词源不详。比较 toga.
noun countable
■a piece of clothing which fits loosely over a person's body, reaches to the waist or knees, and often has no sleeves （无袖）宽松外衣，长袍
• a soldier's tunic 一件士兵的紧身制服上衣
n. 束腰外衣；被膜
 - capsula

Word: rushing
Front: rushing
['rʌʃɪŋ] (11946/25275)
Back: adj. 急流的，旺盛的
v. （使）急速行进，仓促完成( rush的现在分词 ); 突袭; （使）仓促行事; 催促
分布：急流的(44%)，旺盛的(28%)，急冲(19%)，动词rush的现在分词.(9%)
adjective
■moving quickly 急速流动的；飞奔的；疾驰的
• I stretched out and listened to the sound of the rushing stream. 我躺了下来，听着溪流哗哗地奔流而过。
adj. 急流的；旺盛的
 - thriving
n. 社交活动
 - social activities
v. 猛冲；催促；急速行进（rush的ing形式）
 - urging

Word: infidelity
Front: infidelity
[ˌɪnfɪˈdeləti] (11927/20013 -1)
Vocabulary: infidelity
(once / 1719 pages)
n
Someone guilty of infidelity is cheating on a spouse or romantic partner. A common cause of divorce and heartbreak is infidelity.
Fidel means "faithful" or "loyal." Tack on the prefix in, which means "not," and you've got yourself infidelity — the act of being unfaithful. The word can also be used to refer to someone's religious beliefs. Run angrily through a church and claim that God doesn't exist, and your fellow churchgoers will think you lack faith, or that you are guilty of infidelity.
WORD FAMILY
infidelity: infidelities+/ fidelity: fidelities, infidelity
USAGE EXAMPLES
A police report says he attacked his wife during an argument over infidelity late Monday night at their home in Graniteville.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Authorities say a state legislator is accused of punching a woman and pointing a gun at her in an argument over infidelity.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Beyoncé received more Grammy nominations than any other artist, getting nine nods for “Lemonade,” an album and film that explored issues of race and infidelity.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 无信仰; 不忠实; 不贞的行为
分布：不忠(95%)，不信神(5%)
→in-,不，非，-fid,信任，信仰，词源同faith,infidelity.即不能相信的，不忠的，后用于指通奸。
【记】in不，fid相信；infidel[SAT]（adj 不信宗教的n 异教徒）
US [-fə'del.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■(an act of) having sex with someone who is not your husband, wife or regular sexual partner, or (an example of) not being loyal or faithful （夫妇间的）不忠实，不贞行为
• marital/sexual infidelity 婚姻／性方面的不忠
• She could not forgive his many infidelities. 她不能原谅他的诸多不忠行为。
n. 无信仰，不信神；背信
 - atheism, faithlessness

Word: specialization
Front: specialization
[ˌspeʃəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (11978/13120)
Vocabulary: specialization
(once / 7823 pages)
n
If you have a specialization, that means you focus on a specific aspect of a larger topic. If you’re a nurse, your specialization might be pediatric care, which means you focus on providing care to infants and children.
You probably notice that the word special makes up a big part of specialization, which can help you remember its meaning. Your specialization is your special subject or skill. If you’re planning on studying biology in college, your advisor eventually will ask what your area of specialization will be. When you graduate, you’ll know a lot about biology in general, but there’ll be a particular area — such as marine biology or rodent reproduction — that you studied deeply.
WORD FAMILY
specialization: specializations+/overspecialize: overspecialized/ special: specialise, specialism, speciality, specialize, specially, specialness, specials/specialisation: specialisations/specialise: overspecialise, specialisation, specialised, specialiser, specialises, specialising/specialised: unspecialised/specialism: specialisms, specialist / specialist: specialistic, specialists/speciality: specialities/ specialize: overspecialize, specialization, specialized, specializer, specializes, specializing/ specialized: unspecialized/specializer: specializers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their work was collaborative, with areas of specialization.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
What vexes Minaya is the increasing specialization of high school athletes, leading talented teenagers to limit their choice to one sport early in the process.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The idea of specialization of production based on relative efficiency of resources was seen as capitalist and dangerous to communist development.
Salon(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 特别化; 专门化; （意义的）限定; <生>特化（作用）
分布：专门化(64%)，特殊化(36%)
(UK usually specialisation) [ˌspeʃ.əl.aɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
■a particular area of knowledge or the process of becoming an expert in a particular area 专门化（特定知识领域，或成为某一特定领域的专家的过程）
• In the course I'm taking, there's no opportunity for specialization (= limiting my studying or work to one particular area) until the final year. 我现在学的课程，要到最后一年才能确定专业方向。
• The lawyer said that he was unable to help us because our case fell outside his specialization. 律师说他帮不了我们，因为我们的案子超出了他的专业范围。

Word: bearer
Front: bearer
[ˈbeərə(r)] (11977/9679 -1)
Vocabulary: bearer
(once / 714 pages)
1n 2n
A bearer is a person who carries or delivers something. If you hate to be the bearer of bad news, don't become a traffic cop.
If you're the flag bearer in a parade, it means you march at the front gripping a flag, and a coffin bearer holds one end of the coffin at a funeral. You'll often find the word in the phrase "bearer of bad news" or "bearer of bad tidings." In the mid-17th century, the word bearer was primarily used to mean "person who carried dead bodies to the grave."
WORD FAMILY
bearer: bearers+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/ forebear: forebears/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness/ unbearable: unbearably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whichever ethnic group you look at, these local names reveal a wealth of information about the bearer.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Voters concluded that an ideology-free businessman would turn hope into change better than yet another bearer of liberal orthodoxy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
These bearers of gifts really get on my nerves.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 持票人; 送信人; 搬运工人
分布：搬运工(34%)，带信人(23%)，柩夫(15%)，能开花结果的植物(7%)，持票者(7%)，脚夫(7%)，承担人(7%)
US ['ber.ɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to carry something, or a person who brings a message 搬运工人；带信人
• He was a coffin/pall bearer at his father's funeral. 他在父亲的葬礼上扶灵。
• I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news. 对不起，我给你带来了坏消息。
specialized
■the person who owns an official document or bank note （正式档或钞票的）持有人
n. [专利] [金融] 持票人； [建] 承木； [机] 托架；送信人；搬运工人
 - cheque holder, runner

Word: gauge
Front: gauge
[ɡeɪdʒ] (研四六托雅宝 6046/6448 -2)
Vocabulary: gauge
(once / 562 pages)
1n 2nv 3v
If you ask your friend, "How do you feel, generally, about loaning your car to people?" your intention might be to gauge his reaction before you flat-out ask if you can borrow his car. To gauge is to measure or test.
The verb gauge means to estimate or measure, while the noun gauge is a tool you can use to make such a measurement. If you've ever seen someone check the air pressure in a tire, the instrument she used was called a tire gauge. The thickness, or diameter, of an item like wire (or the barrel of a gun) is another meaning of gauge.
WORD FAMILY
gauge: gauged, gauges, gauging, misgauge+/misgauge: misgauged
USAGE EXAMPLES
But according to experts, checking your weight is a misguided, demoralizing way to gauge overall health.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In February last year, they introduced the idea to local businesses to gauge interest before implementation.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Looking at your gauges,” he explained, “gets you in trouble.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 测量的标准或范围; 尺度，标准; 测量仪器; 评估
vt. （用仪器）测量; 确定容量，体积或内容; 评估，判断; 采用
时态：gauged, gauging, gauges
分布：测量(60%)，判断(18%)，估计(16%)，测量仪器(5%)，测量标准(1%)
→来自ghalgh, 杆，棍，词源同gallows. 字母l软化成u. 词义由杆，棍引申为测量，比较canon, 词源同cane.
n.标准尺寸;规格;量规,量表v.测量A petrol gauge shows the amount of petrol left in a car.汽油表指示出汽车里所剩的汽油数量.
【记】读：稿纸－写一个文档的时候首先要确定，测量稿纸的标准规格，比如：A4，B5等
【区】gouge（n 半圆凿vt 欺骗）O是圆的
(US also gage) [geɪdʒ] verb transitive
MEASURE 测量
■to calculate an amount, especially by using a measuring device （尤指用测量仪器）测量，计量，测算
• Use a thermometer to gauge the temperature. 用温度计测量一下温度。
• I tried to gauge (= guess) the weight of the box. 我试图估量一下箱子有多重。
(US also gage) [geɪdʒ] verb transitive
JUDGE 判断
■to make a judgment about something, usually people's feelings 判定，判断（通常指人的感受）
• A poll was conducted to gauge consumers' attitudes. 为了摸清消费者的看法，进行了一次民意调查。
• [+ question word] It's difficult to gauge how they'll react. 很难判断他们会作何反应。
(US also gage) [geɪdʒ] noun
MEASURE 测量
countable
■a device for measuring the amount or size of something 测量仪器；测量仪表
• a fuel/rain/temperature gauge 燃料表／雨量计／温度计
countable
■a device used to measure the pressure of the air in a tyre （汽车）胎压计
• a tyre gauge 胎压计
countable specialized
■the distance between the rails (= the two long metal bars fixed to the ground) on a railway line （铁轨）轨距
• a narrow/standard gauge railway 窄轨距／标准轨距铁轨
countable specialized
■the thickness of something, especially metal or wire （尤指金属板的）厚度；（尤指金属丝的）直径
(US also gage) [geɪdʒ] noun
JUDGING 判断
only singular
■a way of judging or showing something, especially the success or popularity of something （尤指对是否成功或受欢迎的）评判方法，判断方法
• The fact that the play has transferred to New York is a gauge of its success. 该剧转往纽约演出，从这一点就可以判定它是很成功的。
criterion, measure, standard, gauge
这组词都有“标准”的意思，其区别是：
criterion: 较正式用词，指判断、批评事物的标准，但不一定制成了规章。
measure: 与standard基本同义，但多用于比喻，指衡量某事物的质量准则。
standard: 指公认为决定事物质量或人的品质的准则或原则。
gauge: 专指测量物体大小、厚度、直径等的标准规格。
n. 计量器；标准尺寸；容量规格
 - batcher, measuring chamber
vt. 测量；估计；给…定规格
 - sound, scale, estimate

Word: brew
Front: brew
[bru:] (托雅 10422/9680 -2)
Back: vt. 酿造; 泡，煮; 策划，酿成
vi. 以酿造麦酒或啤酒为职业; 被冲泡; 即将发生
n. 酿造的饮料; 啤酒
时态：brewed, brewing, brews
分布：酿造(61%)，酝酿(23%)，混合物(8%)，策划(5%)，酿造物(3%)
→来自PIE *bhreue, 加热，蒸，词源同burn.
verb
DRINK 饮料
transitive
■to make beer 酿（啤酒）
intransitive or transitive
■If you brew tea or coffee, you add boiling water to it to make a hot drink, and if it brews, it gradually develops flavour in the container in which it was made 泡（茶）；煮（咖啡）；（茶）冲泡；（咖啡）煮
• [+ two objects] He brewed us some coffee./He brewed some coffee for us. 他替我们煮了些咖啡。
[bru:] verb
BAD SITUATION 坏事
intransitive
■If an unpleasant situation or a storm is brewing, you feel that it is about to happen （坏事或暴风雨）即将来临，酝酿
• It was too quiet - I felt that trouble was brewing. 太安静了——我觉得要出事了。
• A storm was brewing in the distance. 远处一场暴风雨即将来临。
[bru:] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable
■a type of beer, especially one made in a particular place or at a particular time （尤指某地或某个时间酿造的）啤酒
countable usually singular UK informal
■a drink of tea or a drink of beer 一杯茶；一份啤酒
• Make us a brew, Bren. 布伦，替我们泡杯茶吧。
[bru:] noun
MIX 混合
countable
■a mixture of several things 混合物
• They gave her a strange brew to drink. 他们让她喝一种奇怪的混合饮料。
• War, with its fear, its deprivation, its excitement and violence makes for a very heady brew (= powerful combination). 战争是恐惧、剥夺、刺激和暴力等因素的混合体，给人以强烈震撼。
vt. 酿造；酝酿
 - vint, vinify
vi. 酿酒；被冲泡；即将发生
 - impend
n. 啤酒；质地
 - beer, texture

Word: rumble
Front: rumble
[ˈrʌmbl] (托宝 8741/11387 -1)
Vocabulary: rumble
(once / 690 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Are you ready to rumble? To rumble is to throw down, or fight. If you hear a truck rumble down your street, don’t put up your dukes — to rumble also means to make a low, deep sound.
Thunder rumbles just before you see lightning flash, and dogs sometimes rumble a low warning growl when they see someone unfamiliar. As a noun, rumble can mean "a low sound," “a seat in the back of a carriage” (the rumble seat) or " a street fight." It's a little old fashioned today to call a gang brawl a rumble, but if you've ever seen the movie "West Side Story," you've seen the rumble between the Jets and the Sharks.
WORD FAMILY
rumble: rumbled, rumbles, rumbling+/rumbling: rumblingly, rumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
While I meandered through my twenties, locked in my pseudo-bohemian stance, the remnants of that money rumbled along.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
At the same time, Solimini wrote down every time that he heard the loud rumble on the first floor of his house, five blocks away.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The “Fridge” captivated the football world when the 300-pounder rumbled for a Chicago touchdown against the Green Bay Packers on Monday Night Football in 1985.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 隆隆作响; （车辆）辘辘行驶
vt. 低沉地说; 在滚筒里磨光或混合（金属零件）; 看穿（阴谋）
n. 隆隆声，辘辘声; 抱怨声; 吵闹声，喧哗声; （旧式汽车车厢后的）折叠加座
时态：rumbled, rumbling, rumbles
分布：隆隆声(78%)，辘辘声(10%)，使辘辘响(6%)，发隆隆声(6%)
【记】象声词
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a continuous low sound 发出隆隆声；发出辘辘声；发出低沉连续的响声
• Please excuse my stomach rumbling - I haven't eaten all day. 不好意思，我肚子在咕咕叫——我一整天都没吃东西了。
• The tanks rumbled (= moved slowly, making a continuous noise) across the battlefield. 坦克轰鸣着驶过战场。
['rʌm.bl] verb
DISCOVER 发现
transitive usually passive UK informal
■to discover the true facts about someone or something secret and often illegal 发现，察觉，看穿（某人的秘密或非法事情的真相）
• I'm afraid our little tax dodge has been rumbled. 恐怕我们逃税的小把戏被识破了。
['rʌm.bl] verb
FIGHT 打架
intransitive Australian informal
■to take part in a physical fight 打架；打群架
vt. 使隆隆响；低沉地说
 - drone
n. 隆隆声；抱怨声
 - thrump, brattle

Word: digestive
Front: digestive
[daɪˈdʒestɪv] (托 11925/11655 -1)
Back: adj. 消化的; 助消化的
n. 消化剂
分布：消化的(51%)，助消化的(37%)，消化药(12%)
adjective
■relating to the digestion of food 消化的
• the digestive process 消化过程
[daɪ'dʒes.tɪv] noun countable (also digestive biscuit) UK
■a slightly sweet biscuit made from wholemeal flour （全麦）消化饼干
n. 助消化药
 - pepsine, bromo

Word: incense
Front: incense
[ˈɪnsens] (六托宝 11969/15260 -1)
Vocabulary: incense
(once / 651 pages)
1v 2nv
Incense means both "to make angry" and a stick that burns slowly and emits a strong smell. If your new college roommate burns incense in your tiny dorm room, you might get incensed and storm out.
How can a word that means a substance that is burned for its sweet odor come to mean "make very angry"? Both have to do with the idea of burning, and the Latin root incendere, "to set on fire." A stick of incense must be lit, or set on fire to release its smell. When you are incensed by something, such as your teacher slamming you with homework on the night of the prom, you feel like you are burning with anger.
WORD FAMILY
incense: incensed, incenses, incensing+/ incensed: incensedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the state’s October offer to pony up more cash incensed executives at the insurance providers tasked with managing this mess.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most American Christians remained utterly unaware of his prayer but it incensed many of the same people as before, to an even greater degree.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
But it backfired: The public was incensed at the thought of suffering people cut off.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 香; 焚香时的烟; 奉承
v. 使愤怒; 激怒
时态：incensed, incensing, incenses
分布：香(89%)，熏香(10%)，激怒(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-cend,火，燃烧，词源同candle,incense,-se,过去分词后缀。引申词义香，香火。作动词指点火，激怒。
香;[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】原指：供神所焚烧的香，用这种香杵你一下－激怒in进入，cense＝cand白热－用焚烧的香点燃怒气－激怒
【参】incentive（n 动机；adj 激励的）
【反】propitiate（v 劝解；使息怒）
noun uncountable /ˈɪn.sents/
■a substance that is burnt to produce a sweet smell, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指在宗教仪式上焚烧的）香
• an incense burner/stick 香炉／香烛
verb transitive usually passive /ɪnˈsents/
■to cause someone to be extremely angry 激怒；使大怒
• The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on abortion. 编辑说我关于堕胎的文章会激怒很多读者。
• I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out. 我被他说的话激怒了，愤然离席。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香；奉承
 - court, joss stick

Word: probing
Front: probing
[ˈprəʊbɪŋ] (11951/13818)
Back: adj. 探索的; 寻根究底的; 寻求真理的; （问题）深入锐利的
v. 探索，用探针（或探测器等）探查，探测( probe的现在分词 ); 盘问; （用试探性袭击等）侦察（敌情）; 用尖物刺穿（物件）
分布：好探索的(47%)，尖锐的(38%)，动词probe的现在分词.(15%)
US ['proʊ-] adjective
■intended to get information 探索性的，探查性的
• She asked me a few probing questions. 她问了我几个追根究底的问题。
n. 探索；探查
 - ascertainment
v. 探索（probe的ing形式）
 - exploring, questing

Word: vice-president
Front: vice-president
[vaɪs 'prezɪdənt] None
Back: n. 副总裁，副校长
分布：副总统(60%)，副总裁(40%)
→vice,副职,president,总统，总裁。
副总统[vice-表示"副"]
n. 副总裁；副总统；副校长
 - submaster, deputy head

Word: waterproof
Front: waterproof
[ˈwɔ:təpru:f] (研四六托 12010/9938 -1)
Vocabulary: waterproof
(once / 3283 pages)
adjvn
Water can't penetrate something that's waterproof. Umbrellas and rain boots don't work very well if they're not waterproof.
Waterproof jackets will keep you dry even if it starts to rain, and waterproof mascara won't run in black streaks down your face even if you're weeping at a sad movie. You can use this word as a verb, too: "We should waterproof the tent before we go camping this weekend — it's supposed to pour!" If you're British, you might also use waterproof as a noun, to mean a waterproof rain coat.
WORD FAMILY
waterproof: waterproofed, waterproofing, waterproofs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a wonder how the weather-beaten Brits coped before Scottish chemist Charles Macintosh invented his eponymous waterproof coat,” noted Google.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Bring a hat or earmuffs, gloves and warm, waterproof footwear.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Or do you need a waterproof and practically indestructible wrapper?
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 不透水的，防水的; 用防水材料处理过的
vt. 使防水，使不透水; 给（布）上胶
n. 防水衣物，雨衣 usually plural; 防水布，油布; 防水物，防水材料
时态：waterproofed, waterproofing, waterproofs
分布：防水材料(58%)，防水的(39%)，耐水的(2%)，使 ... 能防水(1%)
防水的(water水)[-proof表形容词"防…的"]
a.防水的,耐水的The waterproof material is suitable for the aerial used near the waterfall.这种耐水材料适合用在瀑布附近的天线.
【记】water水，proof防…的：防水的
【反】permeable（adj 可渗透的）
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not allowing water to go through 防水的，不透水的
• Canvas boots are all right but they're not as waterproof as leather. 帆布靴子也可以，但它们不像皮靴那样防水。
UK ['wɔ:.tə.pru:f] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] verb transitive
■to put a special substance on the surface of something which will prevent water from going through it 使…不透水；对…作防水处理
UK ['wɔ:.tə.pru:f] US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable mainly UK
■a coat or other piece of clothing which keeps you dry because it does not allow water in 防水衣，防水服
adj. 防水的， [建] 不透水的
 - splashproof, hose-proof
vt. 使防水
 - rainproof

Word: bait
Front: bait
[beɪt] (研六托雅宝 6346/8124 -2)
Vocabulary: bait
(once / 617 pages)
1nv 2v
People who go fishing aren’t the only ones to use bait. When you hold a yard sale, place your best stuff closest to the sidewalk — to serve as bait. Bait can be anything from the worms that hide a hook to a stereo that tempts shoppers to stop and browse.
Bait can also mean the act of getting someone or something to do what you want. For generations, students have baited their teachers into wasting class time with a question about a personal interest or obsession: “This talk about integers is very fascinating, Mr. Green, but what do you think about last night’s Penguins game?” Bait comes from the Old Norse, word beita — “to cause to bite.” Asking Mr. Green what other Viking words he knows might be interesting, and provide bait for his next off-topic musing.
WORD FAMILY
bait: baited, baiting, baits+/baiting: baitings
USAGE EXAMPLES
People wouldn’t be baiting him into racial arguments at the flea market.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
And to catch them, they offered themselves up as bait.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
White bass are fair on blade baits along main lake bluffs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 饵，诱饵; 诱惑; （路上的）休息（或进食）
vt. 置诱饵于…; 引诱; 纵犬袭击（野兽）; 折磨
vi. 中途休息
时态：baited, baiting, baits
分布：饵(86%)，引诱(9%)，中途休息(3%)，逗弄(1%)，以饵引诱(1%)
→词源同bite , 咬。诱使鱼咬钩或狗咬人。
n.饵,引诱物vt.用饵引诱;折磨,奚落The traitor in strait straight forwardly told me the traits of the bait.在向前直的海峡里的卖国贼告诉我饵的特性.
【记】从上图找一种用诱饵逗弄小鱼的感觉。
【反】disarm（vt 缓和）；mollify（v 平息）
noun
FISH/ANIMAL 鱼／动物
uncountable
■a small amount of food on a hook (= curved piece of wire) or in a special device used to attract and catch a fish or animal 饵
• They were digging up worms to use for bait. 他们在挖虫子制饵。
• We put down some poisoned bait to kill the rats. 我们放了一些毒饵灭鼠。
[beɪt] noun
OFFER 提供
countable or uncountable
■something that is said or offered to people in order to make them react in a particular way 诱惑物，招徕
• Free holidays were offered as (a) bait to customers. 以免费渡假来吸引顾客。
• I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't take the bait. 我跟姐姐说，如果她能把夹克借给我，我就把新衬衫借给她，可是她不为所动。
[beɪt] verb transitive
MAKE ANGRY 使生气
■to intentionally make a person angry by saying or doing things to annoy them 激怒；故意惹恼
• Ignore him - he's just baiting you. 别理他——他存心惹你生气呢。
• I suspect he was just baiting me. 我怀疑他只是在故意激我。
[beɪt] verb transitive
DOG 狗
■to make dogs attack an animal for cruel entertainment 纵犬袭击（动物）
• In the past, bear- baiting was a common form of entertainment in Britain. 从前，纵狗袭击熊在英国是一种常见的娱乐方式。
[beɪt] verb transitive
FISH/ANIMAL 鱼／动物
■to put food on a hook (= curved piece of wire) or in a special device to attract and catch a fish or animal 把饵装到…上
• Have you got any stale cheese that I can bait the mousetrap with ? 你有没有已经变味的起司？我想放在捕鼠器上作饵。
vt. 引诱；在…中放诱饵；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear, induce
n. 饵；诱饵
 - gentle, lure

Word: illegitimate
Front: illegitimate
[ˌɪləˈdʒɪtəmət] (托宝 11989/9724 -1)
Vocabulary: illegitimate
(once / 1734 pages)
adjn
Something illegitimate is unlawful, or improper. If you're a doctor, even a great doctor, but you were never certified by the medical board, then you're an illegitimate doctor.
Illegitimate has the root for "law" in it, and something illegitimate is outside the law or custom. A child not born to married parents is known as an illegitimate child, although so many people are making different choices about how to raise families, that the stigma is dropping away, especially if the child isn't the result of philandering (cheating). In King Lear, Edmund is mad that he's an illegitimate son, because it means he can't inherit the throne.
WORD FAMILY
illegitimate: illegitimacy, illegitimately, illegitimates+/illegitimacy: illegitimacies/ legitimacy: legitimacies/ legitimate: illegitimate, legitimacy, legitimated, legitimately, legitimates, legitimating, legitimation, legitimatise, legitimatize, legitimise, legitimize /legitimatise: legitimatised, legitimatises, legitimatising/legitimatize: legitimatized, legitimatizes, legitimatizing/legitimise: legitimised, legitimises, legitimising/ legitimize: legitimized, legitimizes, legitimizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Linhardt says his limited review determined the expense reimbursements “may be illegitimate” and need to be thoroughly investigated.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Trump’s national security adviser considers the Islamic faith — all of it, not just the radicalized fringes — to be illegitimate and akin to a “cancer.”
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
A showdown looms with the federal government, which considers the tribal council illegitimate.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 非婚生的，私生的; 法律不容的; （指辩论等的结论）不合逻辑的
n. 非嫡出子
分布：非法的(68%)，私生的(27%)，不合规则的(5%)
→il-,不，非，legitimate,合法的，婚生的。
不合法的;私生的(il不＋legitim[＝legis合法］＋ate→不合法的)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
不合法的,私生的(il不+legitim合法)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
US [-'dʒɪtˌ-] adjective
■born of parents not married to each other 非婚生的，私生的
■formal
■not legal or fair 非法的；不公的
• The rebels regard the official parliament as illegitimate. 反叛者认为官方的议会不合法。
adj. 私生的；非法的；不合理的
 - unreasonable, unlawful

Word: meteorite
Front: meteorite
[ˈmi:tiəraɪt] (六托 12025/17676 -1)
Vocabulary: meteorite
(once / 7457 pages)
n
A meteorite is a rock that falls to earth after a brilliant meteor has passed through the earth's atmosphere.
If you've ever seen a shooting star at night, you can call what you're watching zip brightly across the sky a meteor. If that same meteor makes it through the atmosphere of the earth, its fire burns out and it becomes a meteorite, or a random piece of space debris that may have originally come from an asteroid or comet. The Greek root for both meteor and meteorite is ta meteora, "things in heaven above."
WORD FAMILY
meteorite: meteorites, meteoritic, micrometeorite+/meteoritic: meteoritical, meteoritically/micrometeorite: micrometeorites
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is extremely rare on Earth but is frequently associated with meteorites.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Many meteorites that landed on Earth originated on Mars.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
But meteorites, toasted in Earth’s atmosphere and sullied by its dirt, are imperfect specimens.
The New Yorker(Sep 23, 2016)
Back: n. 陨星; 陨石; 陨铁; 流星
分布：陨石(90%)，流星(10%)
→来自meteor,流星，-ite,相关的。用于指陨石。
US [-tˌi.ə.raɪt] noun countable
■a piece of rock or other matter from space that has landed on Earth 陨星；陨石
n. [天] 陨星；流星
 - Shooting stars, falling star

Word: plush
Front: plush
[plʌʃ] (宝 11985/18846 -1)
Vocabulary: plush
(once / 2789 pages)
adjn
Things that are plush are luxurious and a little over the top. A bedspread made of mink fur would be considered plush.
Plush originally referred to a rich, soft type of fabric, and it’s now used to describe anything extravagant. A plush lifestyle is one only the wealthy can afford, with expensive restaurants, obedient servants, and fancy furniture. A plush living room is full of paintings and decorations. Someone who dresses in a plush way only buys the finest, most expensive clothing. Plush living is lavish living.
WORD FAMILY
plush: plush-like, plusher, plushes, plushest, plushly, plushy+/plushy: plushily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The men found strength in suppleness; the women were softer still, plush yet never weak.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Its production, despite a few plush moments, is most often minimal, using just an instrument or two.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It even runs a plush retirement home, complete with golf course, for its senior managers.
Reuters(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 〈俚〉豪华的，漂亮的，舒服的; 长毛绒做的
n. 长绒棉; 长毛绒; 长毛绒裤
级别：plusher, plushest
分布：长毛绒(59%)，豪华的(25%)，长毛绒的(14%)，优裕的(2%)
→来自法语pluche,棉绒，丝绒，来自古法语peluchier,拔，扯，来自拉丁语pilus,头发，毛发，词源同pile,pluck.引申词义豪华的。
【记】读：不拉屎－在豪华的长毛绒的被子上不能拉屎
【参】blush读：不拉屎－脸红（憋得）；lush读：拉屎－需要一个茂盛的地方
adjective informal
■ luxurious ; expensive, comfortable and of high quality 奢侈的，豪华的；舒适的
• He took me out to a really plush restaurant. 他带我去了一家豪华饭店。
[plʌʃ] noun uncountable
■thick soft cloth, with a surface like short fur, which is used especially for covering furniture 绒布
• a plush(-covered) sofa 绒布沙发
• 2 metres of dark red plush 长达两米的深红色绒布
• plush cushions/curtains 绒布垫子／窗帘
adj. 豪华的； [纺] 长毛绒做的；舒服的
 - grand, comfortable
n. [纺] 长毛绒
 - peluche

Word: butt
Front: butt
[bʌt] (六托宝 4657/8702 -1)
Vocabulary: butt
(once / 136 pages)
1n 2nv 3nv 4n 5n
Your butt is your buttocks, your tush, your rear end. Saying butt is more childish than offensive.
Butt is a four-letter word, though using it won't get you in much trouble — It's much less offensive than ass. It also has plenty of other meanings, like butting into a conversation (interrupting it) or the butt of a gun (the thick end). If you make fun of someone, they are the butt of your jokes. The used end of a cigarette is called a butt, too. But you'll hear it more often in phrases like "Get your butt in here!"
WORD FAMILY
butt: butted, butter, butting, butts+/ butter: buttered, buttering, butters, buttery, butyraceous/ buttery: butteries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts say a solid pro-peace coalition could crumble if implementation drags on and butts against the political manoeuvring for the 2018 presidential election.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Butt rush, alas, is hardly the challenge confronting the artists responsible for the gemlike miniature dioramas installed in the windows at Tiffany & Company.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Experts say a solid pro-peace coalition could crumble if implementation drags on and butts against the political maneuvering for the 2018 presidential election.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 烟蒂，屁股; 笑柄; （武器或工具的）粗大的一端; 大酒桶
vt. & vi. 用头撞或顶; 碰撞
时态：butted, butting, butts
分布：屁股(40%)，枪托(12%)，笑柄(12%)，烟蒂(11%)，顶撞(10%)，插嘴(9%)，靶垛(2%)，抵撞(2%)，大酒桶(2%)
→词源同beat, 击，打。引申义用头顶，用头撞。
【记】巴特是曼彻斯特联队和本届世界杯英国国家队的防守型前卫，他的绝招就是铁头功，防守只用头撞，不用脚踢。
noun
CIGARETTE 香烟
countable
■the part of a finished cigarette that has not been smoked 烟蒂，烟头
[bʌt] noun
BOTTOM 屁股
countable US slang for
■bottom
• She told him to get off his butt and do something useful. 她叫他行动起来，干点有用的事。
[bʌt] noun
GUN 枪
countable
■the thick end of a rifle (= gun) handle （步枪的）枪托
• They struck him with their rifle butts. 他们用来褔枪的枪托打他。
[bʌt] noun
PERSON
be the butt of sb's jokes
■to be a person who is joked about or laughed at 受到（某人）嘲笑；成为（某人的）笑柄
• He was fed up with being the butt of their jokes. 他已经受够了被他们当作笑柄。
[bʌt] noun
CONTAINER 容器
countable
■a large container used to store liquids （盛液体的）大桶
• a rain/water butt 集雨桶，大水桶
[bʌt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit something or someone hard with the head or the horns 用头（或角）顶
[bʌt] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  butt in informal
■to interrupt a conversation or discussion or someone who is talking 打断谈话（或讨论）；插话，插嘴
• He kept on butting in with silly comments. 他不断插嘴，发表些愚蠢的评论。
n. 屁股；烟头；笑柄；靶垛；粗大的一端
 - behind, joke, ass, rear
vt. 以头抵撞；碰撞
 - hit, impact on

Word: aha
Front: aha
[ɑ:ˈhɑ:] (11981/2997)
Back: int. 啊哈（表示惊讶、胜利、嘲弄等）
分布：名词(100%)
exclamation
■used when you suddenly understand or find something （表示突然理解或发现某事物）啊哈，噢，嘿
• Aha, now I see what you mean! 噢！现在我明白你的意思了！
• Aha, that's where I put my keys! 嘿！原来我把锁匙放那里了！
int. 啊哈（表示喜悦、轻蔑、惊讶等）
 - uh-huh

Word: burnt
Front: burnt
[bɜ:nt] (11973/11915 -K)
Back: adj. 烧坏的; 烧伤的; 烫伤的; 灼伤的
v. （使）燃烧( burn的过去式和过去分词 ); 使用某物为燃料; 烧毁; 烧坏
分布：烧焦的(54%)，烧伤的(35%)，烧坏的(8%)，动词burn的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
US [bɝ:nt] verb past simple and past participle of
■burn
UK [bɜ:nt] US [bɝ:nt] adjective
■destroyed or made black by fire or heat 烧焦的；烧毁的
adj. 烧焦的；烧伤的
 - coking

Word: conceivably
Front: conceivably
[kən'si:vəblɪ] (11991/11846)
Vocabulary: conceivably
(once / 4102 pages)
adv
Use the adverb conceivably when you're talking about something that is believable or possible. You could say, for example, that you'll conceivably still be on time to work after oversleeping, especially if you skip breakfast.
You might tell your sister that you could conceivably go on every single ride at the state fair in an hour, if you move quickly and don't stop to eat fried dough. You could also say that your favorite baseball team might conceivably win the World Series next year. Conceivably comes from its adjective form, conceivable, and both words are rooted in the Latin concipere, which means "take in, hold, or grasp" and also "become pregnant."
WORD FAMILY
conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable +/ conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/ inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seven-decade story is about what we might conceivably expect or want from it.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“He was not performing any duty that is conceivably within the scope of his duties,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 04, 2016)
And yet few of those whose lives are altered by whatever was signed could conceivably trace their circumstances to that event.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 令人信服地
分布：可想到地(50%)，想象中(50%)
ADJ
可想到的;可想象的;可以相信的
If something is conceivable, you can imagine it or believe it.
例：Without their support the project would not have been conceivable...如果没有他们的支持，这个项目根本就不可想象。
例：It is just conceivable that a single survivor might be found...或许能找到一个幸存者，这不是没有可能。
adv. 令人信服地；可相信地；想得到地
 - convincingly, persuasively

Word: disqualify
Front: disqualify
[dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] (11992/10228 -1)
Back: vt. 使无资格; 使不合格; 取消…的资格
时态：disqualified, disqualifying, disqualifies
分布：使 ... 丧失资格(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。qualify, 使符合资质，合格。
US [-'skwɑ:.lə-] verb transitive
■to stop someone from being in a competition or doing something because they are unsuitable or they have done something wrong 取消（某人）的资格，剥夺（某人）的资格
• He's been disqualified from driving for a year. 他被取消驾驶资格有一年了。
• Two top athletes have been disqualified from the championship after positive drug tests. 两名顶级运动员因药检呈阳性而被取消了参加锦标赛的资格。

Word: snug
Front: snug
[snʌg] (托宝 11967/15144 -1)
Vocabulary: snug
(once / 793 pages)
adjn
You may have noticed your pants getting a little snug during the holiday season. That could mean they’re just extra comfortable or it could be another way of saying they're feeling a little tight.
Snug describes something that's comfortable and cozy. During a snowstorm you may take shelter in your snug cottage in front of the fireplace. When talking about clothing, snug means fitting tightly. Clothing may be snug on purpose, like a bathing suit, or it may be snug because it’s in fact too small. If you’re “snug as a bug in a rug,” you’re as cozy as can be, or metaphorically speaking, in a very comfortable position in life.
WORD FAMILY
snug: snugged, snugger, snuggery, snuggest, snugging, snugly, snugness, snugs+/snuggery: snuggeries
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the highlights for David is spending Christmas night aboard the Chicago, snug in a rack like his son.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The sandals were still lightly snug, and more stretching was needed.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Really, they need to get a human analog or mannequin, put snug jeans on it.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 温暖舒适的; 小而整洁的; 建造良好的; 紧身的
vt. 使变得温暖舒适; 使变得安全
vi. 偎依; 舒适地蜷伏
n. 雅室
级别：snugger, snuggest
分布：温暖舒适的(28%)，紧贴(18%)，合身的(18%)，舒适地依靠(12%)，安全的(12%)，使整洁干净(12%)
【记】读：是那个。老公，我要的“是那个”温暖牌秋裤
【参】snuggle（v 舒适的偎依获得温暖）
adjective (snugger, snuggest)
■(of a person) feeling warm, comfortable and protected, or (of a place, especially a small place) giving feelings of warmth, comfort and protection （人）感到温暖舒适的；（地方）暖和的
• We curled up in bed, all snug and warm, and listened to the storm outside. 我们蜷缩在床上，温暖又舒适，听着外面的暴风雨声。
• I bet your feet are nice and snug in your fur-lined boots! 我敢说你的脚放在毛衬里的皮靴里一定又暖和又舒适！
■fitting closely 紧身的，紧的
• These shoes are a bit too snug - do you have them in a larger size? 这双鞋有点太紧——你们有没有大一号的？
[snʌg] noun countable (also snuggery) UK
■a small room or area in a pub where only a few people can sit （酒吧里的）包间，雅座
adj. 舒适的；温暖的；紧身的；隐藏的
 - comfortable, pleasant, warm, easy, hidden
vt. 使变得温暖舒适；隐藏
 - lock, pocket
vi. 偎依；舒适地蜷伏
 - nestle up

Word: serviceman
Front: serviceman
[ˈsɜ:vɪsmən] (11976/12248 -2)
Back: n. 军人; 维修人员
分布：军人(95%)，维修员(5%)
US ['sɝ:-] noun countable
■a man who belongs to the armed forces 男军人，男兵
n. 军人；维修人员
 - soldier, army man

Word: nonstick
Front: nonstick
[nɒns'tɪk] (11915/-)
Back: adj. （锅）锅底不粘的
分布：非类固醇(50%)，非类固醇的(50%)
ADJ
(煎锅等)不粘（食物）的
Non-stick saucepans, frying pans, or baking tins have a special coating on the inside which prevents food from sticking to them.

Word: scheduling
Front: scheduling
['ʃedju:lɪŋ] (11971/15719)
Back: n. 行程安排，时序安排; 排时间表
分布：行程安排(62%)，时序安排(27%)，动词schedule的现在分词(11%)
N-COUNT
工作计划;日程安排
A schedule is a plan that gives a list of events or tasks and the times at which each one should happen or be done.
例：He has been forced to adjust his schedule...他被迫调整了自己的日程安排。
例：We both have such hectic schedules.我们俩日程安排得都很紧。
N-UNCOUNT
计划的时间(或方式)
You can use schedule to refer to the time or way something is planned to be done. For example, if something is completed on schedule, it is completed at the time planned.
例：The jet arrived in Johannesburg two minutes ahead of schedule...喷气式飞机提前两分钟到达了约翰内斯堡。
例：Everything went according to schedule...一切都按计划进行。
VERB
(在时间上)安排，计划
If something is scheduled to happen at a particular time, arrangements are made for it to happen at that time.
例：The space shuttle had been scheduled to blast off at 04:38...航天飞机已经预定于凌晨 4 点 38 分发射升空。
例：A presidential election was scheduled for last December...总统选举原计划在去年 12 月举行。
N-COUNT
(价格、细节或条件等的)一览表，明细表，清单
A schedule is a written list of things, for example a list of prices, details, or conditions.
N-COUNT
(火车、客轮、公共汽车或航班的)时刻表,时间表
A schedule is a list of all the times when trains, boats, buses, or aircraft are supposed to arrive at or leave a particular place.
例：...a bus schedule.公共汽车时刻表
N-COUNT
(学校的)课程表
In a school or college, a schedule is a diagram that shows the times in the week at which particular subjects are taught.

Word: plumber
Front: plumber
[ˈplʌmə(r)] (研托宝 11990/11659 -1)
Vocabulary: plumber
(once / 3605 pages)
n
A plumber is someone whose job includes fixing pipes and installing water and sewage systems. If your kitchen sink is clogged, a plumber is the person to call.
Plumbers's work ranges from relatively simple tasks like repairing toilets and removing clogs from drains, to much more complicated jobs including replacing all the old corroded pipes in a bathroom floor with new ones. The word plumber has been around since ancient Rome, when a plumber was "anyone who works with lead," and lead was a common material for pipes, baths, drains, and conduits. Fixing anything made of lead (which included roofs) made someone a plumber back then.
WORD FAMILY
plumber: plumbers, plumbery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Originally a plumber, Mr. Williams left that work to become a club owner shortly after he married Beryl Chang in 1955.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Especially, they say, because one of the store’s three part-time helpers is a retired licensed plumber who was bored sitting at home.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Yet investors sent shares of Nintendo, the creator of the Italian plumber, down the drain Friday, falling more than 4%.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 管子工，水暖工; <美><口>（防止泄密的）堵漏人员
分布：管道工(100%)
→来自plumb,铅，-er,人。即与铅打交道的人，因过去自来水管多为铅管，因此引申词义管道 工。
管道工(plumb+er人,不少管道用铅做成)[plumb=lead,表示"铅"]
n.(装修水管的)管子工His brother is a plumber.他的哥哥是个水管工人.
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person whose job is to supply and connect, or repair water pipes, baths, toilets, etc 水管工人；水电工
• When is the plumber coming to mend the burst pipe? 水电工甚么时候来修理破裂的水管？

Word: conservationist
Front: conservationist
[ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃənɪst] (托 11943/12839 -1)
Back: n. 自然资源保护者，生态环境保护者
分布：自然资源保护论者(100%)
N-COUNT
环境保护工作者
A conservationist is someone who cares greatly about the conservation of the environment and who works to protect it.

Word: Jesuit
Front: Jesuit
['dʒezjuɪt] (12022/16646 -1)
Back: n. 耶稣会信徒；阴险的人（等于jersuit）
分布：阴险的人(67%)，阴谋家(33%)
→来自拉丁语Jesuita,耶稣会会士，即Society of Jesus成员，成立于1533年的基督教分支。为其它基督教分支如天主教和新教所鄙视而词义贬义化。
noun countable
■a Roman Catholic priest who is a member of the Society of Jesus, a religious group begun in 1540 耶稣会会士
• a Jesuit priest 耶稣会神父

Word: scholastic
Front: scholastic
[skəˈlæstɪk] (11944/21534)
Vocabulary: scholastic
(once / 2520 pages)
adjn
Something that's scholastic has to do with schools or learning. If you brag about your town's scholastic excellence, you mean that you've got great schools.
When your school principal talks about scholastic achievement, she's discussing the grades and test scores of her students, and if you referred to your own scholastic challenges, you probably mean the subjects you find the most difficult in school. One well-known US college entrance exam is the SAT, which is an acronym for "Scholastic Aptitude Test." The word is from the Latin scholasticus, "of a school," with the Greek root skholastikos, "devoting one's leisure to learning."
WORD FAMILY
scholastic: interscholastic, scholastically, scholasticism, scholastics+/ preschool: preschooler, preschools/preschooler: preschoolers/scholasticism: scholasticisms/ school: after-school, interschool, preschool, scholastic, schooled, schooling, schools/schooled: unschooled/schooling: schoolings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They honor, with consummate skill, the scholastic discipline of canon and fugue.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Homework Zone Ages 8-15 may get scholastic help from library staff in a calm study environment with dedicated computers, resources and online tools.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
It was a scene that has become increasingly familiar at professional and scholastic athletic events, though not yet in Montgomery County.
Washington Post(Sep 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 学校的，教育上的; 学术上的
分布：学术的(28%)，教育的(21%)，学习的(21%)，经院哲学家(17%)，学院的(9%)，墨守成规者；学究(4%)
→来自 scholar,学者，-astic,形容词后缀，词源同 fantastic,gymnastic.引申诸相关词义。
adjective
■relating to school and education 学校的，教育的
• scholastic achievements 学业成绩
adj. 学校的；学者的；学术的（等于scholastical）
 - academic, doctorial
n. 学者；学生；墨守成规者；经院哲学家
 - student, academic

Word: postoperative
Front: postoperative
[ˌpəʊst'ɒpərətɪv] (托 11964/28489)
Back: adj. 手术后的
分布：手术后的(100%)
ADJ
手术后的
Postoperative means occurring after and relating to a medical operation.
例：...post-operative pain.手术后的疼痛

Word: itch
Front: itch
[ɪtʃ] (11994/14086 -1)
Vocabulary: itch
(once / 1679 pages)
nv
An itch is an unpleasant tingly sensation that makes you want to scratch. If you're allergic to poison ivy and you go hiking through a field of it, you'll have a terrible itch all over your legs.
Sometimes people confuse itch and scratch. An itch is the sensation that causes you to scratch, and when itch is a verb, it either means "to feel or sense an itch," or "to have a strong, restless urge," as when you itch to try out your uncle's motorcycle. Somehow, the word itch arose from its Old English root gicce, or gycce, "an itch."
WORD FAMILY
itch: itched, itches, itching, itchy +/itching: itchings/ itchy: itchily, itchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Occasional use of over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream helps calm the itch.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I poured lots of time and money into getting a PhD, in hopes that academia might scratch that itch.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The Texans are itching for a chance to host another wild-card game after being routed 30-0 by Kansas City in this game a year ago.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 痒，发痒; 渴望，极想
n. 渴望，热望; 痒; 疥疮
时态：itched, itching, itches
分布：痒(76%)，渴望(22%)，疥癣(2%)
→词源不详。
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to have or cause an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which makes you want to rub it with your nails 发痒
• I can't wear wool - it makes me itch. 我不能穿毛料衣服——穿了就浑身发痒。
[ɪtʃ] verb intransitive
itch to do sth (also itch for sth) informal
■to want to do something very much and as soon as possible 急切地想做
• He was itching to hear the results. 他渴望知道结果。
• By four o'clock I was itching for the meeting to end. 到了四点钟我就急切地盼望会议结束。
[ɪtʃ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■an uncomfortable feeling on the skin which makes you want to rub it with your nails 痒
• I've got an itch on the back of my neck. 我脖子后面有一处发痒。
n. 痒；渴望；疥疮
 - aspiration, hunger
vi. 发痒；渴望
 - rare, aspire
vt. 使发痒；使恼怒
 - spite, exasperate

Word: rattle
Front: rattle
[ˈrætl] (六托宝 5452/6515 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）发出格格的响声，（使）作嘎嘎声; 喋喋不休地说话
vi. 迅速而嘎嘎作响地移动，堕下或走动
vt. 使紧张，使恐惧; 给（桅索）扎梯绳
n. 嘎嘎声; 发出嘎嘎声的儿童玩具; 呼噜声; 音响构造
时态：rattled, rattling, rattles
分布：喋喋不休(31%)，使恼火(20%)，嘎嘎声(12%)，使惊惶失措(10%)，嘎嘎作响(7%)，拔浪鼓(5%)，嘎嘎响的东西(5%)，使作响(5%)，急促地谈讲(5%)
→拟声词，-le,表反复。
【记】读：rat偷，老鼠偷东西要把门咬一个洞－使格格作响
【参】rattlesnake（n 响尾蛇）
US ['rætˌ-] noun
only singular
■a sound similar to a series of quickly repeated knocks （连续重复的）嗒嗒声，嘎嘎声；连续短促的碰撞声
• From across the town came the rattle of machine-gun fire. 从城镇的另一边传来机关枪开火的嗒嗒声。
countable
■a toy which makes a noise like a series of knocks （玩具）拨浪鼓
• The baby was waving around a plastic rattle. 婴儿正挥舞着一个塑胶拨浪鼓。
countable
■a wooden device that when turned round and round produces a noise like a series of knocks （转动时发出嗒嗒声的木制）响板
countable
■the part of a rattlesnake's tail that produces a noise （响尾蛇尾部的）角质环
UK ['ræt.l] US ['rætˌ-] verb
WORRY 使担心
transitive
■to worry someone or make someone nervous 烦扰；使慌乱；使紧张
• The creaking upstairs was starting to rattle me. 楼上发出的吱嘎声使我开始紧张不安起来。
UK ['ræt.l] US ['rætˌ-] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) make a noise like a series of knocks （使）发出连串的敲击声；（使）发出嘎嘎声
• The explosion rattled the cups on the table. 爆炸将桌上的杯子震得叮当作响。
• The dying man's voice rattled in his throat. 那个垂死者的喉咙里发出阵阵急促的声音。
• [+ adv/prep] The car rattled over the cobblestones. 汽车在鹅卵石路上哐啷哐啷颠簸着前进。
• My car engine is making a strange rattling noise. 我的汽车引擎发出一种奇怪的嗒嗒声。
UK ['ræt.l] US ['rætˌ-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rattle sth off informal
■to say or read aloud very quickly a list of names or things, or something you have learned 快速大声说（或读）出；不假思索地说出；快速背出
• She rattled off the names of the people who were coming to the party. 她一口气说出了要来参加派对者的名字。
UK ['ræt.l] US ['rætˌ-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  rattle on/away informal
■to talk for a long time, especially about things that are not important 喋喋不休地说，没完没了地唠叨（尤指鸡毛蒜皮的事）
• She was on the phone for hours last night, just rattling on to her friends. 昨晚她打电话没完没了地跟她那些朋友们唠叨了好几个小时。
UK ['ræt.l] US ['rætˌ-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  rattle through sth informal
■to do or say something very quickly 迅速完成；匆匆做完（或讲完）
• I'm going to rattle through my work today so that I can go home early. 我今天要尽快做完我的工作好早点回家。
• He rattled through the list of countries he had visited. 他一口气说出了他去过的那些国家的名称。
vt. 使发出咯咯声；喋喋不休；使慌乱，使惊慌
 - harp on, go on about sth
n. 喋喋不休的人；吓吱声，格格声
 - jay, chatterer

Word: undeniable
Front: undeniable
[ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbl] (11968/13998 -1)
Vocabulary: undeniable
(once / 1296 pages)
adj
Something undeniable is clearly true: it's undeniable that water is wet and the sky is blue.
Undeniable things are obviously, clearly, totally, blatantly true, so true that it would be crazy to deny them. If you spilled soup in your lap, it's undeniable that you're wet and probably embarrassed. It's undeniable that a lot of dogs like chasing squirrels. On the other hand, it's undeniable that not everything is that simple. One person might deny what another thinks is flat-out undeniable.
WORD FAMILY
undeniable: undeniablest, undeniably+/ deniable: undeniable / denial: denials, self-denial/denier: deniers/ deny: deniable, denial, denied, denier, denies, denying, denys/denying: self-denying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, the air in Paris and in numerous Chinese cities represent undeniable threats to human life.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
And also an acknowledgment of Carrie Fisher’s own undeniable status as a matriarch.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But Fisher played Leia as an undeniable force and refused to let the character’s legacy be tarnished by one costume.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可否认的，无法抵赖的; 无可争辩的; 确实优秀的; 无可疵议的
分布：不可否认的(96%)，无可辩驳的(4%)
adjective
■certainly true 不可否认的；千真万确的
• an undeniable fact 不可否认的事实
• a woman of undeniable brilliance 聪颖绝顶的女人
adj. 不可否认的；公认优秀的；无可争辩的
 - incontestable, undisputed

Word: formality
Front: formality
[fɔ:ˈmæləti] (宝 11999/6949 -1)
Vocabulary: formality
(once / 1072 pages)
n
A formality is something that follows traditional rules. Even though you knew your request for time off at work would be approved, you still went through the formality of filling out all the required paperwork.
Formality also means to align with customs or etiquette. In this way, a formality is often something that's more symbolic than necessary. For example, when a big group sits down to eat dinner together, no one starts eating until everyone is served. That formality of dining etiquette is a sign of good manners and consideration for others. If you're British, a formality of your culture is to curtsy or bow when you meet the Queen.
WORD FAMILY
formality: formalities+/ formal: formalest, formalise, formalism, formality, formalize, formally, formalness, formals, informal, semi-formal, semiformal/formalise: formalisation, formalised, formalising/formalism: formalisms, formalistic/formalize: formalization, formalized, formalizes, formalizing/ informal: informality, informally/informality: informalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
So a Washington victory felt, to some, like a formality.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But the balance of formality and convenience in the 80s played havoc with concepts of time.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
For some, Mother Teresa’s saintliness was so evident from the start that her canonization was just a formality.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
Back: n. 礼节; 拘谨; 正式手续
分布：礼节(53%)，拘谨(29%)，程序(18%)
正式礼仪(formal+ity性质→正式性质→礼仪)[form=shape,表示"形状"]
【记】formal（adj 外形的；正式的；合礼仪的；形式的）
【参】format（n 版式；形式；格式）
US [-tˌi] noun
ACTION 行动
countable
■something which has to be done but which has no real importance 礼节；俗套；例行公事
• You'll have to sign the visitors' book, but it's just a formality. 你得在访客簿上签名，不过这只是例行公事而已。
formalities [plural]
■something that the law or an official process says must be done 法定程式；正式手续
• We'll have to observe the formalities (= do what is expected). 我们必须遵守法定程式。
UK [fɔ:'mæl.ə.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
SERIOUSNESS 庄重
uncountable
■when something or someone is serious and correct 庄重的，正规的，适合正式场合的
• She found the formality of the occasion rather daunting. 她觉得这个场合庄重得令人生畏。
• A note of formality in his voice alerted her to the fact that others were listening. 他语气中的一丝拘谨提醒了她其他人也在听的事实。
n. 礼节；拘谨；仪式；正式手续
 - ceremony, service, etiquette

Word: chrome
Front: chrome
[krəʊm] (11993/14707 -1)
Vocabulary: chrome
(once / 5390 pages)
nv
Chrome is a very shiny layer of metallic coating that's applied to a metal surface. When you clean your bathroom, you might polish the chrome faucet until it gleams.
Some cars have chrome details, like a chrome bumper or chrome wheels, and kitchen and bathroom fixtures can be made of chrome as well. Rather than being one type of solid metal, things made of chrome are generally coated with chromium plate as a protective or decorative layer. The word chrome comes from the element chromium, which is rooted in the Greek khroma, "color."
WORD FAMILY
chrome: chromed, chromes, chroming
USAGE EXAMPLES
Notably, Dortmund and Klimt were handed off Sunday to Art Sherman, trainer of California Chrome, Arrogate’s chief adversary for top horse honors.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To watch 360 video you will need the latest version of Chrome, Opera, Firefox or Internet Explorer on your computer.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Chrome ran only twice in 2015 before being shipped to England, where health issues forced him to miss most of the year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 谷歌浏览器; 铬，铬合金
vt. 镀以铬; 用铬化合物印染
时态：chromed, chroming, chromes
分布：铬(81%)，镀铬(14%)，铬黄(5%)
→来自chroma, 色度，彩度。因其五颜六色的光泽而得名。
US [kroʊm] noun uncountable
■ chromium
• office furnishings in glass, leather and chrome 玻璃、皮革和铬合金材质的办公家俱
n. [化学] 铬，铬合金；铬黄
 - Paris yellow

Word: ravage
Front: ravage
[ˈrævɪdʒ] (托雅宝 11974/14626 -1)
Vocabulary: ravage
(once / 796 pages)
vn
The word ravage can be used as a noun or a verb meaning destruction or to destroy. In a war, bombs and the attacking army will ravage the country under siege.
When ravage is used as a noun, you usually see it in the plural. Beware of the ravages of drugs on your body and your life. The city has almost been destroyed by the ravages of poverty and disaster. Often you see it paired with the word, time, to describe how things fall apart as they age. The ravages of time may be apparent in the lined faces and hunched postures of your grandparents.
WORD FAMILY
ravage: ravaged, ravages, ravaging+/ravaging: ravagings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The brand represents a new approach for Constellation, which also recently launched Ravage, a red-wine brand geared toward men with horseback-riding knights on its labels.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Scientists associated tau buildup with Alzheimer’s, but that disease ravaged the elderly.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
By the fifteen-thirties, the slavers were ravaging the Mosquito Coast and the Olancho Valley of central Honduras, destroying villages and rounding up people like cattle.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 毁坏; 劫掠
n. 破坏; 蹂躏
时态：ravaged, ravaging, ravages
分布：破坏(41%)，蹂躏(35%)，掠夺(12%)，毁坏(12%)
→来自古法语 ravage,破坏，毁灭，来自 ravir,破坏，来自拉丁语 rapere,抓走，夺走，词源同 rape,ravish.
破坏(rav+age状态→掠夺过的状态)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
【记】rage（n 狂怒）的人ravage世界
verb transitive often passive
■to cause great damage to something 严重破坏；损坏；毁坏
• The area has been ravaged by drought/floods/war. 这一地区饱受干旱／洪水／战争的蹂躏。
vt. 毁坏；破坏；掠夺
 - destroy, harry, do for
n. 蹂躏，破坏
 - destruction, breaking, blasting
vi. 毁坏；掠夺
 - do for, play havoc with

Word: assemblage
Front: assemblage
[əˈsemblɪdʒ] (托 11966/9354)
Vocabulary: assemblage
(once / 1284 pages)
n
An assemblage is a bunch of parts, pieces, or people collected together into an organized group, always for some specific purpose.
On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington DC to hundreds of thousands of citizens — an assemblage of people who all wanted to end racism. A computer is an assemblage of wires and microchips. An artist who makes sculptures from trash creates assemblages of recycled materials. The word assemblage is related to assembly — which sometimes refers to a gathering in the gymnasium that you’d like to skip.
WORD FAMILY
assemblage: assemblages+/ assemble: assemblage, assembled, assembler, assembles, assembling, disassemble, preassemble, reassemble /assembler: assemblers/assembling: assemblings/ disassemble: disassembled, disassembles, disassembling, disassembly/preassemble: preassembled/ reassemble: reassembled, reassembles, reassembling
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We don’t want confrontation with anyone — we don’t need it,” official media outlets quoted him as telling an assemblage of Russian political elite.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
These are visceral assemblages that wryly comment on the nature of bureaucracy, corruption, politics and society — in ways that are way more fun than CNN.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Jewell says the transfer means the tribe now has full legal control and may take permanent possession of the Spirit Cave Assemblage.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 装配; 聚集; （聚集在一起的）一堆东西; 组合成的艺术品
分布：装配(66%)，聚集(29%)，集合的人或物(5%)
noun
countable formal
■a collection of things or a group of people or animals （集合在一起的）一群人（或动物），一批东西
• A varied assemblage of birds was probing the mud for food. 一大群各种各样的鸟在泥沼中觅食。
uncountable
■the process of joining or putting things together 组合；装配
n. [机] 装配； [古] 集合；聚集；集会；集合物；聚集的物或人
 - collection, convergence, set, fishing, fabrication

Word: right-hand
Front: right-hand
[ˈraɪtˈhænd] (-2)
Back: adj. 右手的; 用右手的; 右边的; 得力的
分布：右手的(56%)，得力的(44%)
adjective [before noun]
■on or to the right 右边的，右侧的
• In North America, vehicles drive on the right-hand side of the road. 在北美洲，车辆靠右侧行驶。
adj. 得力的；右手的，用右手的
 - dextral

Word: polity
Front: polity
[ˈpɒləti] (12049/21246)
Vocabulary: polity
(once / 3194 pages)
n
The noun polity refers to a political group of any size or shape — it can be a government, a state, a country, or even a social group.
When you hear the word polity, think politics and you're on the right track. The prefix for polity dates all the way back to Greece, from the word politeia, which means "citizenship" or "government." Any group run by politics can be called a polity. The Democratic Party is a polity, but hopefully your birthday party isn't.
WORD FAMILY
polity: polities
USAGE EXAMPLES
We write together although we represent very different parts of the American polity.
Time(Nov 16, 2016)
But his corpse still lies at the heart of the Chinese polity, in a glass sarcophagus on Tiananmen Square, attended by streams of visitors.
Economist(Sep 08, 2016)
That’s especially true at election time and even more necessary in such a polarised and acrimonious polity as the US Congress has become.
The Guardian(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: n. 政治组织; 国家组织; 政体
分布：政治(48%)，政体(45%)，政府制度(7%)
→来自拉丁语polita,有组织的政府，词源同police,policy.
N-COUNT
（国家、城市、教会等）政治体，社会机构
A polity is an organized society, such as a nation, city, or church, together with its government and administration.
例：...the role of religious belief in a democratic polity.民主实体中宗教信仰的作用
n. 政体；国体；政治组织
 - government, regime

Word: logistical
Front: logistical
[ lə'dʒɪstɪkl] (12009/21270)
Vocabulary: logistical
(once / 10965 pages)
adj
Things you have to carefully plan or organize are logistical. If you need logistical help planning a party, you could use assistance planning the guest list, menu, music, and other details.
A logistical problem occurs when your plans didn't account for something: "You forgot to get a permit for this parade, and now the marching band and floats are causing a traffic jam — what a logistical nightmare!" Logistical things can relate to strategy or management, though this adjective originally meant "pertaining to logic," from the Greek logistikos, "endowed with reason."
WORD FAMILY
logistics: logistic, logistical +/ logistic: logistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pinon said as long as the country suffers from its logistical limitations, Mexicans will be paying “an internal overpricing” at the pumps.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
An exclusive tour of the 777 line this month revealed a complicated manufacturing dance under way to solve this logistical puzzle.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But this low marriage rate poses more than just theological issues - it also presents certain logistical constraints.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 逻辑的; 后勤方面的
分布：后勤方面的(67%)，逻辑的(22%)，=logistic.(11%)

Word: tsunami
Front: tsunami
[tsu:ˈnɑ:mi] (10936/-)
Vocabulary: tsunami
(once / 3744 pages)
n
A tsunami is an enormous sea wave that erupts and reaches land. You should be afraid of them, because a tsunami can destroy a coastal region in minutes.
Japan has had the misfortune of experiencing many tsunamis. They're caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea. In Japanese, tsu means "harbor" and nami means "wave." We sometimes use tsunami metaphorically, to describe really destructive events. After your parents came home, they compared the mess from your party to a tsunami.
WORD FAMILY
tsunami: tsunamis
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the March 2011 nuclear crisis at Fukushima, sparked by an earthquake and tsunami, brought the company to its knees.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
But the warning was downgraded to a tsunami watch.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The 9.15 magnitude Dec. 26 earthquake triggered a tsunami across the Indian Ocean in one of the biggest natural disasters in history.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 海啸
分布：海啸(100%)
→来自日语 tsunami,可能为日式汉语，来自 tsu,津，nami,波。字面意思即吹向港口的大波浪， 即海啸。
noun countable
■an extremely large wave caused by movement of the Earth under the sea, often caused by an earthquake (= when the Earth shakes) 海啸
n. [地震] [海洋] 海啸
 - ground sea, groundswell

Word: incompetence
Front: incompetence
[ɪnˈkɒmpɪtəns] (11975/9582)
Vocabulary: incompetence
(once / 4110 pages)
n
Can't finish a simple task? Having a hard time figuring something out? Lack the ability to get things done? Then you might be suffering from incompetence.
Have you ever noticed how bad a lot of people are at their jobs, even though they do them every day? Or how often famous people screw things up, even very important things? Then you've already noticed that incompetence is a very common thing. Incompetence is a word for people and things that are ineffective, shoddy, or just terrible at what they're supposed to do. Incompetence is the opposite of excellence.
WORD FAMILY
incompetence: incompetences+/ competence: competences/ competency: competencies/ competent: competence, competency, competenter, competently, incompetent /incompetency: incompetencies/ incompetent: incompetence, incompetency, incompetently, incompetents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because it is for each issue involved — the violence, alcoholism, mental incompetence and legal jeopardy — much less for all of them combined.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The Tribal Council said it wanted the employee replaced because of incompetence, disrespect and “disregard for the Tribe’s sovereignty.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
This is the small potatoes of municipal incompetence; until it isn’t.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不胜任; 无资格; 不适当; 不熟练
分布：无能力(58%)，不能胜任(33%)，不合格(9%)
→in-,不，非，competence,能力，竞争力。
US [-'kɑ:m.pə.tˌənts] noun uncountable
■lack of ability or skill to do something successfully or as it should be done 无能力；不胜任，不称职
• Management have demonstrated almost unbelievable incompetence in their handling of the dispute. 管理层在处理这次纠纷时显出了令人难以置信的无能。
• allegations/accusations of incompetence 不称职指控／指责
n. 无资格，不胜任；无能力；不适当；不熟练
 - disability, inability

Word: swerve
Front: swerve
[swɜ:v] (雅宝 11962/14758 -1)
Vocabulary: swerve
(once / 1152 pages)
vn
The noun swerve means a sudden turn off your path. As a verb, it means to move off your original route, possibly to avoid a collision. You can swerve either toward something or away from it.
The word swerve can be traced to the Old English sweorfan, "to turn aside," which is precisely the modern sense. It was first used as a verb in the 13th century and as a noun in the 18th. Swerve refers to a sudden veering off, perhaps not as sharp as a turn, but more a bending of your path. Think of the trajectory as an arc or curve, and remember that swerve rhymes with curve.
WORD FAMILY
swerve: swerved, swerves, swerving+/swerving: swervings, unswerving / unswerving: unswervingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The driver of the vehicle lost control, swerved into oncoming traffic and was struck by an eastbound SUV.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Two years ago, Panasonic swerved again, saying it was reviving the Technics brand to target the premium end of the audio market.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police pulled over the bus Dec. 16 after getting reports that it was swerving.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使突然转向; 使转弯
n. 改变方向
时态：swerved, swerving, swerves
分布：转向(28%)，转弯(23%)，突然转向(21%)，偏离方向(7%)，使突然转向(7%)，使转弯(7%)，偏离的程度(7%)
→可能来自辅音丛 sw-,弯，转，摇摆，摇晃，比较 swing,sway,sweep,swipe.引申词义转向，急
【记】读：死弯儿－急转弯－突然转向。
【反】maintain direction（保持方向）
US [swɝ:v] verb intransitive
■to change direction, especially suddenly 突然改变方向，紧急转弯
• The bus driver swerved to avoid hitting the cyclists. 为了不撞上骑自行车的人，这辆公共汽车只好紧急转弯。
■If you do not swerve from a principle or certain actions, you continue to think or act as you did in the beginning 改变，背离
• She is one of those rare politicians whom one can trust not to swerve from policy and principle. 她是罕有的，不会改变自己政策和原则的政治家之一。
Compare unswerving
vi. 转弯；突然转向；背离
 - make a turn, bend
n. 转向；偏离的程度
 - turning, obversion

Word: muffled
Front: muffled
[ˈmʌfld] (宝 12026/16139)
Vocabulary: muffled
(once / 934 pages)
1adj 2adj
A muffled sound is quiet or muted. You might hear the muffled sound of your neighbors laughing through the wall of your apartment.
If you don't want your brother to hear you cry after you finish a sad book, you might put your covers over your head, so all he'll hear is muffled sobs. And if your math class is giggling at your teacher's strange outfit, your hands over your mouths will produce muffled laughter. Muffled comes from muffle, "to cover," which probably stems from the Middle French mofler, "to stuff," and the Old French moufle, "muff or glove."
WORD FAMILY
muffled: muffledly+/ muffle: muffled, muffler, muffles, muffling/muffler: mufflers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unless, of course, you close your mouth during the belch, in which case a more muffled sound will be heard.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
For now, it’s now, and the tick of the bedside clock is the muffled beat of a heart.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Blurry, sustained tones that might be orchestral or electronic and quiet, shifting fields of static hover over muffled beats and subtly rhythmic washes of noise.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）被隔的; 听不太清的; （衣服）裹严的; 蒙住的
v. 压抑，捂住( muffle的过去式和过去分词 ); 用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己）
分布：低沉的(87%)，动词muffle的过去式和过去分词形式.(13%)
【反】plangent（adj 轰鸣的）；resonant（adj 引起共鸣的）
adjective
■describes a sound that is quiet or not clear （声音）变轻微（或低沉）
• I could hear muffled voices next door but couldn't make out any words. 我听到隔壁有人压低声音说话，可听不清说甚么。
• The muffled roar of traffic could be heard in the distance. 远处隐约传来车辆行驶发出的轰鸣声。
adj. 听不清的；蒙住的
 - undistinguished

Word: processed
Front: processed
[p'rəsest] (12004/14475)
Vocabulary: processed
(once / 4515 pages)
adj
Could you live off a diet of white bread and canned soup forever? You're a fan of processed food then — i.e., food that's undergone a special treatment or procedure to change it.
When people are processed, the same rule applies: what goes in is different than what comes out. When the army processes you during recruitment, you enter a long-haired civilian and come out a shaven headed soldier. When the U.S. government processes your citizenship application, you start as an immigrant and come out a newly-minted citizen. Processed: the opposite of natural or original.
WORD FAMILY
processed: semi-processed, unprocessed+/microprocessor: microprocessors/ process: processed, processes, processing, processor, reprocess/ processing: multiprocessing/processor: microprocessor, multiprocessor, processors/reprocess: reprocessed, reprocesses, reprocessing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arrivals to be processed manually as CBP works to restore it.
Time(Jan 03, 2017)
Tiger Woods misses cut at British Open, eats processed cheese.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
My point isn’t that we spend hours or a fortune in the kitchen, just that we adopt an old-fashioned approach where we avoid processed food.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 加工过的，经加工的
v. 加工( process的过去式和过去分词 ); 处理; 审阅; 审核
分布：处理的(93%)，经加工的(4%)，动词process的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
US ['prɑ:-] adjective
■describes food which has been treated with chemicals that preserve it or give it extra taste or colour （食品）经过特殊加工的；处理过的
• processed cheese/meat 加工过的起司／肉
• highly processed convenience foods 经过高度加工的便利食品
v. 处理，加工（process的过去形式）
 - cope with, handle with

Word: flower
Front: flower
[ˈflaʊə(r)] (中高雅 1489/1270 -K4)
Vocabulary: flower
(once / 45 pages)
1nv 2n
If someone tells you they think you'll flower when you go to college, they don't mean they think you'll grow blossoms on your head, but that you'll really come into your own and find your potential.
A flower is a fragile blossom that has petals and grows at the top of the stem of a plant. Flowers attract bees, who help out with the pollination process so more plants can grow. Roses, daisies, and carnations are all types of flowers. Flower is also a verb meaning to bring forth flowers. And if something besides a plant — a business, a person, a community — has a period of extra productivity or prosperity, we say it is flowering.
WORD FAMILY
flower: florist, flowered, flowering, flowerless, flowers, flowery +/ florist: florists/flowering: flowerings, nonflowering/ flowery: flowerily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Flowers will mark the Pumas’ first outing in two weeks.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The theme of the Rose Parade that year was "Headlines in Flowers."
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The teacher who keeps all this machinery in good order is Catkin Flowers.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 花; 精华; 开花植物
vi. 开花; 繁荣; 成熟
vt. 使开花; 用花装饰
时态：flowered, flowering, flowers
分布：花(85%)，开花(7%)，成熟(2%)，精华(2%)，开花植物(2%)，用花装饰(1%)，盛时(1%)
→来自拉丁语florem, 花，来自bhel, 鼓起，膨胀，开花，词源同blow, foil. 拼写比较tower,turret.
n.花;精华,精粹,精英;盛时vi.开花I lowered flowing flowers below the table.我把飘垂的花降低到桌子之下.
US ['flaʊ.ɚ] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of a plant which is often brightly coloured with a pleasant smell, or the type of plant that produces these 花；开花植物
• wild flowers 野花
• to pick flowers 摘花
• a bunch/bouquet of flowers 一束花
• cut/dried flowers 剪下的／干花
UK ['flaʊ.ər] US ['flaʊ.ɚ] noun countable
the flower of sth literary
■the best of a particular group or type …的最佳部分，…的精华；…的精英
• The flower of the nation's youth were killed in the war. 该国的青年精英都死于这场战争。
UK ['flaʊ.ər] US ['flaʊ.ɚ] noun countable
in flower
■describes a plant that has open flowers 开花
• Our roses are usually in flower from April to November. 我们的玫瑰通常在4月到11月开花。
UK ['flaʊ.ər] US ['flaʊ.ɚ] noun countable
in the flower of sb's youth literary
■when someone was young and in the best and most active period of life 在（某人）风华正茂时
• He died in the very flower of his youth. 他去世时风华正茂。
UK ['flaʊ.ər] US ['flaʊ.ɚ] verb intransitive
DEVELOP 发展 literary
■to develop completely and become obvious 成熟；繁荣
• Her talent flowered during her later years. 她的天赋到了晚年充分展露出来。
UK ['flaʊ.ər] US ['flaʊ.ɚ] verb intransitive
PLANT 植物
■to produce flowers 开花
• When does this plant flower? 这株植物甚么时候开花？
bloom, flower, blossom
这组词都有“花”的意思，其区别是：
bloom: 主要指诸如牡丹、玫瑰、梅花、菊花等供观赏的花以及花的状态。
flower: 指开放的花朵或泛指花卉。
blossom: 一般指树木开花，尤指果树上开的花。
n. [植] 花；精华；开花植物
 - essence, elite, prime, bloom, distillation
vi. 成熟，发育；开花；繁荣；旺盛
 - mature, age, develop
vt. 使开花；用花装饰
 - bloom

Word: desolate
Front: desolate
[ˈdesələt] (研六托雅宝 12016/11752 -1)
Vocabulary: desolate
(once / 256 pages)
adjv
If you feel alone, left out, and devastated, you feel desolate. A deserted, empty, depressing place can be desolate too.
If you know the word deserted, you have a clue to the meaning of desolate, a grim word that can describes feelings and places. When a person feels desolate, he feels deserted, lonely, hopeless, and sad. When a location is desolate, there's almost nothing there. Think of a rundown cabin in the middle of nowhere, with no running water and no stores or other people anywhere. That's a desolate setting. Being in a desolate place usually makes people feel desolate.
WORD FAMILY
desolate: desolated, desolately, desolates, desolating, desolatingly, desolation +/ desolation: desolations
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s the unfortunate fate suffered by Daughter’s sophomore effort, “Not To Disappear,” whose chilly songs sound as desolate as a frozen tundra.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
This exquisite, deceptively quiet novel opens with a 12-year-old Iranian girl and her donkey, trekking down a desolate desert road.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Many formerly empty lots and desolate streets are now under development, depriving crews of space needed to park trucks and trailers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 无人的; 荒凉的; 孤独的，凄凉的; 荒废的
vt. 使荒无人烟，使荒芜; 使凄凉，使孤单
时态：desolated, desolating, desolates
分布：荒凉的(78%)，荒芜的(20%)，孤单寂寞的(2%)
→de-, 向下，强调。sole, 单独的。即孤零零的，荒凉的。
荒凉的(de非常＋sol+ate→非常单独→荒凉的)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
a.荒凉的;孤独的v.使荒芜Dust accumulated on the insulated simulator in the desolate lab.灰尘在孤独的实验室在被隔离的模拟器上堆积.
【记】sol孤独－被遗弃的
【参】desolation（n 遗弃；孤寂；凄凉）；solitude（n 孤独）；solo（n 独奏）
adjective
EMPTY 空的
■describes a place that is empty and not attractive, with no people or nothing pleasant in it 荒凉的，荒无人烟的
• The house stood in a bleak and desolate landscape. 那所房子坐落在萧瑟荒凉的原野上。
['des.əl.ət] adjective
SAD 伤心的
■extremely sad and feeling alone 孤寂的；伤心寂寞的
• She felt desolate when her closest friend moved away. 她最亲密的朋友搬走了，她感到有些伤心寂寞。
lonely, laone, desolate, lone, solitary
这些形容词均有“孤单的，寂寞的”之意。
lonely: 强调孤独感，含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。
alone: 普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意。
desolate: 语气强烈，强调遭受损失和失去亲人所带来的难以忍受的痛苦。
lone: 较文雅，可与lonely换用。
solitary: 可指因被遗忘或遗弃而产生的孤独感，也可指人的生性孤僻。
solitary, desolate, lone, alone, lonely
这组词都有“孤单的，寂寞的”的意思，其区别是：
solitary: 可指因被遗忘或遗弃而产生的孤独感，也可指人的生性孤僻。
desolate: 语气强烈，强调遭受损失和失去亲人所带来的难以忍受的痛苦。
lone: 较文雅，可与lonely换用。
alone: 普通用词，指独自一人的状态，有时含孤寂之意。
lonely: 强调孤独感，含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。
solitary, desolate, lonely, alone, lonesome
solitary: 独居的，独自的
desolate: 指某地无人烟的，荒凉的
lonely: 偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞” lonely和solitary可用以形容很少有人到的偏僻地方。
alone: 和solitary都用以形容一人或一事物与他人或他事物相分离，二者形容的人可能是其本人愿意如此，这两个词并无不愉快的含义。
lonesome: 孤独的 lonely和lonesome指并非本人愿意如此，含有不愉快之意。
adj. 荒凉的；无人烟的
 - wild, desert
vt. 使荒凉；使孤寂
 - harshen

Word: torment
Front: torment
[ˈtɔ:ment] (研六托雅宝 12020/12113 -2)
Vocabulary: torment
(once / 280 pages)
nv
By repeatedly trying to make someone miserable you torment them. The noun torment is the result of the verb torment.
After stealing the old lady's purse, you might expect to be tormented by many sleepless nights. Those nights without sleep will torment (tor-MENT) you. They are your torment (TOR-ment). Perhaps you shouldn't have done that. You'll doubtless notice the relationship between torture and torment. But the subtle difference between them is that to torment someone is to torture them repeatedly. Often this is used metaphorically. For example, calling someone over and over to demand payment isn't actually torture, but it's certainly a way to torment them.
WORD FAMILY
torment: self-torment, tormented, tormenter, tormenting, tormentor, torments+/ tormented: tormentedly/tormenter: tormenters/tormentor: tormentors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Neutrality helps the oppressor, never the victim. Silence encourages the tormentor, never the tormented. Sometimes we must interfere.”
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
First it wants to continue to torment the Big Ten.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 折磨，痛苦; 痛苦的根源; 刑罚
vt. & vi. 使折磨，使痛苦; 使烦乱; 纠缠
时态：tormented, tormenting, torments
分布：折磨(77%)，苦痛(8%)，使苦恼(6%)，拷问(5%)，烦恼(4%)
→来自拉丁语 torquere,扭曲，词源同 turn,torque.-ment,名词后缀。引申词义折磨，痛苦。
苦恼;拷问(tor[=tort]+ment→扭的状态→拷问：苦恼)[tort=twist表示"扭曲"]
n.折磨;令人痛苦的东西(人)vt.折磨;纠缠My wife is a real torment to me.我的老婆真令我苦恼.
【记】tor扭曲，ment－扭曲你－折磨
US [ˈtɔːr-]
uncountable
■great mental suffering and unhappiness, or great physical pain 折磨；痛苦
• The family said they had endured years of torment and abuse at the hands of the neighbours. 这家人说多年来他们一直忍受着邻居们的欺凌羞辱。
• Waiting for the result of the medical tests was sheer torment. 等待医疗检查的结果简直就是一种折磨。
• He spent the night in torment, trying to decide what was the best thing to do. 他在痛苦中渡过了那个晚上，思量着最好该怎么做。
torments [plural] * great mental suffering and unhappiness
• Nothing can describe the torments we went through while we were waiting for news. 我们在等待消息时所受的精神折磨是无法用语言描述的。
countable
■something or someone that causes great suffering or anger 痛苦（或烦恼）之源
• The tax forms were an annual torment to him. 纳税申报表每年都让他头痛。
verb transitive UK [tɔːˈment] US [tɔːr-/
■to cause a person or animal to suffer or worry 折磨；使痛苦
• The animals are tormented mercilessly by flies and mosquitoes. 动物受到苍蝇和蚊子的无情折磨。
• The camera focused on a group of women whose faces were tormented by/with (= showed that they were suffering) grief. 照相机对准了一群满脸忧伤的妇女。
• It tormented me all day - did I remember to lock the door when I left the house? 这件事折磨了我一整天——我离开家时记得锁门了吗？
sorrow, agony, grief, anguish, torment, distress, misery, torture
这组词都有“苦恼、痛苦”的意思，其区别是：
sorrow: 语气比grief弱，指因不幸、损失或失望等所产生的悲伤。
agony: 侧重指精神或身体痛苦的剧烈程度。
grief: 指由某种特殊处境或原因造成的强烈的感情上的苦恼与悲痛。
anguish: 指精神方面令人难以忍受的极度痛苦；用于身体时，多指局部或暂时的痛苦。
torment: 强调烦恼或痛苦的长期性。
distress: 多指因思想上的压力紧张、恐惧、忧虑等所引起的精神上的痛苦，也可指某种灾难带来的痛苦。
misery: 着重痛苦的可悲状态，多含不幸、可怜或悲哀的意味。
torture: 语气比toment强，指在精神或肉体上受到的折磨所产生的痛苦。
vt. 折磨，使痛苦；纠缠，作弄
 - harry, pursue, worry, trouble, tear
n. 痛苦，苦恼；痛苦的根源
 - smart, hurt

Word: Koran
Front: Koran
[kəˈrɑ:n] (11987/22339 -1)
Back: n. 《可兰经》，《古兰经》（伊斯兰教）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语qur’an,读，吟诵，咏唱。
N-PROPER
《古兰经》；《可兰经》
The Koran is the sacred book on which the religion of Islam is based.

Word: harp
Front: harp
[hɑ:p] (六宝 11984/12360 -1)
Vocabulary: harp
(once / 318 pages)
1nv 2v
A harp is a large, stringed musical instrument with a beautiful sound. If you want to play an instrument that's portable, you should choose a ukulele instead of a harp.
Many orchestras include a classical harp, which is such a big instrument that players usually need assistance to move them. Harps are played from a sitting position, resting on the player's shoulder as she plucks the strings with both hands. A folk harp is often smaller, sometimes sitting on a player's lap. When harp is used as a verb, it means to talk constantly and dully about one topic: "The harpist did nothing but harp on about the weather."
WORD FAMILY
harp: harped, harper, harping, harpist, harps+/harper: harpers/harpist: harpists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama harps on Russia’s weakness as an economy, as a political system, as a social role model—which is all true.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Harp said one of the most striking differences was that no one at the Waters Avenue location cleaned the bus carts.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Celtic musicians and the St. Andrew’s choirs will perform, Instruments include the hammered dulcimer, accordion, harp guitar, Irish flute and guitar.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 竖琴; 竖琴状的东西; [天]天琴座; <美俚>爱尔兰人
vi. 弹竖琴; 唠叨，喋喋不休; 不停地说
时态：harped, harping, harps
分布：竖琴(93%)，唠叨(4%)，反复诉说(3%)
→来自古英语hearpe,来自Proto-Germanic*harpon,竖琴。可能来自serp,弯，转，弯钩，词源同serpent,harpoon.因其同源词也包含折磨用的刑具。
【记】hard，p：harp一玩就是几个小时，P都hard了读：害怕－你妈突然让你学harp，你会感到很害怕想玩harp需要hard努力
US [hɑ:rp] noun countable
■a large, wooden musical instrument with many strings that you play with the fingers 竖琴
UK [hɑ:p] US [hɑ:rp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  harp on informal disapproving
■to talk or complain about something many times 反覆谈论；不停抱怨
• He's always harping on about lack of discipline. 他总是抱怨纪律涣散。
• I know you want to go to Paris. Don't keep harping on (about it)! 我知道你想去巴黎。但别一直唠叨个不停！
vi. 弹奏竖琴；喋喋不休；不停地说
 - go on about sth, witter

Word: pumping
Front: pumping
[pʌmpɪŋ] (12015/14991)
Back: n. 抽吸[动、水、空]; 泵唧[送]; 汲取; 充[打]气，泵作用
v. 用抽水机汲水( pump的现在分词 ); 给…打气; 用泵（或泵样器官等）输送; 涌出
分布：抽吸(58%)，脉动(28%)，动词pump的现在分词.(14%)
N-COUNT
泵；抽水机；打气筒
A pump is a machine or device that is used to force a liquid or gas to flow in a particular direction.
例：...pumps that circulate the fuel around in the engine...使燃料在发动机内循环的泵
例：There was no water in the building, just a pump in the courtyard...楼里没有水，只是在庭院里有个水泵。
VERB
抽吸；抽运；泵送
To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump.
例：It's not enough to get rid of raw sewage by pumping it out to sea...将未经处理的污水排入海中了事是不够的。
例：The money raised will be used to dig bore holes to pump water into the dried-up lake.所筹资金将用于钻孔打水以抽水到干涸的湖中。
N-COUNT
（汽油）加油泵
A petrol or gas pump is a machine with a tube attached to it that you use to fill a car with petrol.
例：There are already long queues of vehicles at petrol pumps.加油泵边车辆已经排起了长队。
例：...gas pumps.汽油加油泵
VERB
洗（胃）
If someone has their stomach pumped, doctors remove the contents of their stomach, for example because they have swallowed poison or drugs.
例：She was released from hospital yesterday after having her stomach pumped.洗胃之后，她昨天出了院。
VERB
大量投入；大量注入
If you pump money or other resources into something such as a project or an industry, you invest a lot of money or resources in it.
例：The Government needs to pump more money into community care.政府需要将更多资金投入到社区护理这一块。
VERB
不停地追问
If you pump someone about something, you keep asking them questions in order to get information.
例：He ran in every five minutes to pump me about the case...他每隔五分钟就跑来追问我这件事。
例：He must have pumped Janey for details...他肯定追问过珍妮详细的情况。
VERB
接连发射；快速连射
To pump bullets into someone means to fire a lot of bullets into them very quickly.
例：A gunman burst in and pumped five bullets into her head.一个持枪歹徒闯进来，朝她的脑袋连射5枪。
N-COUNT
（运动或休闲时穿的）橡胶底帆布鞋
Pumps are canvas shoes with flat rubber soles which people wear for sports and leisure.
N-COUNT
（通常皮制的）女式浅口鞋
Pumps are women's shoes that do not cover the top part of the foot and are usually made of plain leather.
PHRASE
刺激（经济等的）发展
To prime the pump means to do something to encourage the success or growth of something, especially the economy.
例：...the use of tax money to prime the pump of the state's economy.用税收收入来刺激该国经济发展
n. [机] 抽吸；脉动；抽气效应
 - suction, pulsation

Word: retaliate
Front: retaliate
[rɪˈtælieɪt] (宝 12024/13793 -2)
Vocabulary: retaliate
(once / 916 pages)
v
To retaliate means to get back at someone, usually through a counterattack. “Ned got hit with a cream pie, then he retaliated by throwing a bucket of Jell-O at his attackers.”
When you see the prefix re in a word, it usually means back. To return, remember, regurgitate (yuck) — all of these verbs relate to doing something back. At the beginning of retaliate it means back, and the taliate means to pay, so what you’re talking about here is payback. If you’re doing something terrible to someone just because you want to, that’s doesn’t mean to retaliate. But, if you feel they’ve done something bad to you, and you’re just getting them back? That’s when you retaliate.
WORD FAMILY
retaliate: retaliated, retaliates, retaliating, retaliation, retaliator, retaliatory +/ retaliation: retaliations/retaliator: retaliators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rohingya activists said that police retaliated by detaining all males older than 8 for two days.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But in a surprise move, Mr. Putin said Russia wouldn’t retaliate by expelling U.S. diplomats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Though his foreign minister encouraged him to slap back at Washington for the sanctions imposed by Obama, Putin decided that Russia wouldn’t immediately retaliate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 报复，反击; 回敬
vt. 报复
时态：retaliated, retaliating, retaliates
分布：报复(91%)，回敬(9%)
→来自拉丁语 retaliare,偿还，返还，来自 re-,向后，往回，talis,同样，同类，来自 tod,指 示代词，词源同 this,that.即原样返还的，后用于指报仇，以眼还眼，以牙还牙。
【记】re反，tail恶，ate－把恶反回去－报复re反复，tali＝tall，ate：反复吃饭要长高，然后就可以报复了。Re反复，tali大力，ate：反复用大力报复
【参】talisman（n 避邪物）；retaliatory（adj 报复性的）
verb intransitive
■to hurt someone or do something harmful to them because they have done or said something harmful to you 报复；反击
• If someone insults you, don't retaliate as it only makes the situation worse. 如果别人侮辱了你，不要报复，因为这样只会使情况变得更糟。
• The demonstrators threw rocks at the police, who retaliated by firing blanks into the crowd. 示威者向员警投掷石块，员警则还以颜色，向人群发射空弹。
• The terrorists retaliated against the government with a bomb attack. 恐怖分子实施了一次炸弹袭击来报复政府。
vi. 报复；回敬
 - get back on, get even with
vt. 报复
 - get back on, get even with, get back at

Word: spreadsheet
Front: spreadsheet
[ˈspredʃi:t] (11979/6818)
Back: n. 电子表格程序
分布：电子表格(91%)，试算表(6%)，电子制表软件(3%)
→spread,展开，sheet,表格。
noun countable
■a computer program, used especially in business, which allows you to do financial calculations and plans （尤用于商务的）试算表程式
n. 电子制表软件；电子数据表；试算表
 - trial balance

Word: amino
Front: amino
[ə'miːnəʊ] (12045/8337)
Back: adj. <化>氨基的
分布：氨基的(91%)，表示“氨基”(9%)
adj. [化学] 氨基的
 - amido
n. [化学] 氨基
 - amidogen

Word: sequential
Front: sequential
[sɪˈkwenʃl] (宝 12014/10797)
Vocabulary: sequential
(once / 23267 pages)
adj
Use the word sequential to describe something that has a particular order, like a recipe for chocolate chip cookies whose steps must be followed in a sequential order.
If you make a list of things you need to do, starting with number 1 and continuing until all your tasks are accounted for, then you’ve made a sequential list. Something that is sequential often follows a numerical or alphabetical order, but it can also describe things that aren’t numbered but still need to take place in a logical order, such as the sequential steps you follow for running a program on your computer.
WORD FAMILY
sequential: sequentially+/ sequence: sequenced, sequencer, sequences, sequencing, sequential /sequencer: sequencers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Since 1978, the 20 biggest, sequential gains in the sentiment survey came during months when the S&P 500 averaged a 1.5% gain.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 22, 2016)
There was a logical and sequential aspect to these efforts.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 13, 2016)
“Sequential Drawings,” though very different from “Here,” shares that project’s warmth, intelligence, and humanity.
The New Yorker(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 按次序的，相继的，构成连续镜头的; 时序; 序贯
分布：形容词(84%)，名词(16%)
连续的(sequ+ent+ial)[secut,sequ=follow表示"跟随"]
[sɪ'kwen.ʃəl] formal
adjective
■following a particular order 按特定顺序的；连续的
• The publishers claim that the book constitutes 'the first sequential exposition of events and thus of the history of the revolution'. 出版商称这本书是“对革命大事及革命历史的首度系统化的阐释”。
adj. 连续的；相继的； [数] 有顺序的
 - continuing, straight, endless, running, serial

Word: summertime
Front: summertime
[ˈsʌmətaɪm] (12031/21397)
Back: n. 夏季，夏天
分布：夏季(95%)，全盛时期(5%)
US [-ɚ-] noun uncountable
■the season of summer 夏天，夏季
• You should see the garden in (the) summertime - it's beautiful. 你应该在夏天的时候来看看这个花园——非常漂亮。

Word: wherein
Front: wherein
[weərˈɪn] (12003/14951 -1)
Back: adv. 其中; 在那里，在哪方面
conj. 在哪一点上; 在什么地方
分布：在那里(59%)，在何处(31%)，在哪一点上；在什么地方(10%)
US [wer'ɪn] old use or formal
adverb conjunction
■in which, or in which part 在哪方面，在哪里
• He gazed once more around the room, wherein were assembled his entire family. 他再一次环视房间，他全家人都在那里。
• He was certainly a pleasant man but wherein lay his charms, she wondered. 他无疑是个讨人喜欢的人，但她不知他的魅力何在。
adv. 在其中；在何处
 - thereof, among the rest

Word: alike
Front: alike
[əˈlaɪk] (高研四六托 4389/4989 -2)
Vocabulary: alike
(once / 169 pages)
adjadv
If two things are alike, they resemble or are similar to each other. You and your sister might be alike in many ways, including your love for strawberry ice cream.
If all the houses in your neighborhood look alike, it's hard to tell one from another, and if their parents always dress twin brothers alike, it's going to be impossible for people to remember who's who. Things that are alike are the same. The original form of the word was aliche, from the Old English gelic, "similar," with a Germanic root, which it shares with the word like.
WORD FAMILY
alike: alikeness, alikes, unalike
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there was the humiliation of “Glitter,” Carey’s disastrous 2001 foray into film stardom, which was lambasted by the critics and public alike.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Reina club attacked early on Sunday is one of Istanbul’s most exclusive venues, popular with the city’s elite and tourists alike.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Q: Superficially, “Paterson” and “Silence” seem nothing alike.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 同样的，相似的
adv. 同样地; 两者都，同样地; 类似于
分布：一样(60%)，相似的(25%)，同样的(10%)，以同样的方式(5%)
a.同样的,相像的ad.一样地;同程度地Likewise, my bike gave a striking strike to the two men alike.同样,我的自行车给那两个相象的人惊人的打击.
adjective [after verb]
 IMPROVER
■similar; like each other 相似的，类似的；相像的
• The children all look very alike. 孩子长得都很像。
[ə'laɪk] adverb
 IMPROVER
■in a similar way 相似地；相同地
• The twins even dress alike. 这对双胞胎就连衣着都一样。
• My father treated us all alike. 父亲待我们一视同仁。
 IMPROVER
■used after referring to two groups of people or things to show that both groups are included 两者都；同样地，同等地
• Friends and family alike were devastated by the news of her death. 听到她去世的噩耗，无论家人还是朋友都悲痛欲绝。
parallel, uniform, identical, comparable, like, alike, similar
这组词都有“相似的，类似的”的意思，其区别是：
parallel: 主要指在外表或在性质上相似到有可以相提并论的程度。
uniform: 指在性质、数量、形态或程度等方面相似到很难看出差异的地步。
identical: 语气最强，可指同一个人或物，也可指数个人或物之间完全没有差别。
comparable: 指在某一点或几点上有相似之处，可作有限或粗略的对比，尤指在价值或能力等方面可相提并论。
like: 普通用词，含义广泛，指多个或全部特性都相似，但并非同一个，也可指在某个特殊的偶然相似。
alike: 指事物在性质、特征或外貌上固有的而不是偶然的相似。普通用词，只作表语。
similar: 强调不同的人或事物之间完全或部分相似，暗示可暂不考虑或无视其差异之处。
adj. 相似的；相同的
 - similar, same, uniform, like, parallel
adv. 以同样的方式；类似于
 - similarly

Word: wee
Front: wee
[wi:] (12027/5177 -2)
Back: adj. 很小的，极小的; 很早的
n. 一点点; 一会儿
时态：weed, weeing, wees
分布：极小的(84%)，微量的(16%)
→来自weight的口语，来自短语a littel wei,即少量的，很小的。
adjective [before noun] Scottish English or informal
■small; little 小的；很小的
• There's a wee cottage inside the grounds. 那片活动场地里有一间很小的村舍。
• Would you care for a wee bit more to eat? 你想再吃一点吗？
[wi:] verb intransitive (also wee-wee) informal or child's word
■to urinate 排尿，小便
• Daddy, I want to wee! 爸爸，我想撒尿！
[wi:] noun
countable usually singular informal (also child's word wee-wee)
■when someone urinates 排尿，小便
• "God, I need a wee!" she said. “天啊，我要撒尿！”她说道。
• child's word Do you need/want (to do) a wee-wee before we go out? 我们出去之前你要不要去小便？
uncountable
■urine 尿
adj. 极小的；很早的
 - itty-bitty, teeny
n. 一点点
 - little bit, smitch

Word: slam
Front: slam
[slæm] (研四六雅 3458/4608 -2)
Back: vt. 砰地关上（门或窗）; 猛烈抨击; 使劲一推; 猛劲一摔
vi. 砰然关上; 猛力打击，碰撞; 撞到了一辆卡车上
n. 猛然关闭的声音; 猛击
时态：slammed, slamming, slams
分布：满贯(63%)，砰地关上(20%)，猛烈抨击(8%)，砰然声(4%)，猛烈攻击(3%)，猛放(2%)
v.(门,窗等)砰地关上n.猛然关闭的声音He stamped on the stamps and slammed the lamp on the damp dam.他用脚踩邮票并将灯砰地摔在潮湿的坝上.
verb (-mm-)
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move against a hard surface with force and usually a loud noise （使）重重撞上，（使）砰地关上
• The wind made the door/window slam (shut). 风吹过来门／窗户砰地关上了。
• Close the door carefully, don't slam it. 小心关门，别使劲关。
• He slammed the brakes on (= used them quickly and with force) when a child ran in front of his car. 一个孩子在他车前跑过，他猛地踩下煞车。
• I had to stop suddenly, and the car behind slammed into the back of me. 我不得不猛地停下，结果后面的车砰地撞上了我的车尾巴。
transitive informal
■to criticize 批评，抨击
• Although the reviewers slammed the play, the audience loved it. 尽管评论家们猛烈抨击该剧，观众们还是很喜欢它。
[slæm] noun only singular
■a sudden loud noise 突然发出的巨大声响
• The door shut with a slam. 门砰的一声关上了。
shut, slam, close
这组词都有“关”的意思，其区别是：
shut: 着重关闭的动作、过程和方式手段。
slam: 象声词，指“砰的关上”，或用力关上。
close: 较多地用于正式或庄重的文体中，如关闭铁路、公路以及其它交通渠道，要用close。
n. 猛击；砰然声
 - pop, crasher

Word: ethnically
Front: ethnically
['eθnɪklɪ] (12005/21694)
Back: adv. 人种上，民族上
分布：人种上(50%)，民族上(50%)
ADJ
种族的;民族的
Ethnic means connected with or relating to different racial or cultural groups of people.
例：...a survey of Britain's ethnic minorities.对英国少数民族的调查
例：...ethnic tensions.种族关系紧张
ADJ
少数民族的；少数种族的
You can use ethnic to describe people who belong to a particular racial or cultural group but who, usually, do not live in the country where most members of that group live.
例：There are still several million ethnic Germans in Russia.俄罗斯境内仍有数百万德国人。
ADJ-GRADED
（服饰、音乐、食物等）具有民族特色的，民族风味的
Ethnic clothing, music, or food is characteristic of the traditions of a particular ethnic group, and different from what is usually found in modern Western culture.
例：...the original flavours of ethnic dishes.民族特色菜肴的原汁原味
例：...a magnificent range of ethnic fabrics.各式各样具有民族特色的织物
adv. 人种上；民族上
 - racially

Word: sculpt
Front: sculpt
[skʌlpt] (托宝 12037/19283 -1)
Vocabulary: sculpt
(once / 297 pages)
v
To sculpt is to shape or carve a figure out of a moldable or hard material. You could sculpt a figure of your mom's cat or you could sculpt your biceps by lifting weights.
Artists who sculpt are called sculptors, and the work of art they make is called a sculpture. You can sculpt out of wood or stone, by carving, or sculpt clay by molding and shaping. You can sculpt metal by heating it and pouring it into molds, or by welding pieces of it together. It's even possible to sculpt with balloons, twisting them into complicated structures or figures.
WORD FAMILY
sculpt: sculpted, sculpting, sculptor, sculpts, sculpture +/sculptor: sculptors/sculptural: sculpturally/ sculpture: sculptural, sculptured, sculpturer, sculptures, sculpturesque, sculpturing/ sculpturesque: sculpturesquely
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The peacefulness inspired him to sculpt ‘The Way’.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Even more disturbing, some of these genes are involved in sculpting a developing embryo.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Or perhaps not, because his sculpting of the countryside seems so artless that it is often unnoticed.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 雕刻; 雕塑; 使成雕塑状
vi. 雕刻，雕塑
时态：sculpted, sculpting, sculpts
分布：雕刻(53%)，雕塑(31%)，雕刻品(9%)，雕塑品(7%)
→来自拉丁语 sculpere,雕刻，雕塑，来自 skel,砍，切，词源同 scale,scalpel.
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to create solid objects that represent a thing, person, idea, etc. out of a material such as wood, clay, metal or stone 雕塑；雕刻
• Johnny sculpted an old man's head out of wood. 强尼用木头刻出了一个老人的头。
transitive
■to form into a particular shape 使具有…形状
• The dripping water had sculpted strange shapes out of the rocks/sculpted the rocks into strange shapes. 水滴把石头变成了各种奇怪的形状。
vt. 造型；雕刻
 - grave, engrave
vi. 造型；雕刻
 - carve out
n. 雕刻品
 - carving, graving

Word: Welsh
Front: Welsh
[welʃ] (宝 11996/45403)
Back: v. 不付赌金而溜掉; 逃避履行义务; 逃避（责任等）; 对（某人）食言
adj. 威尔士的
n. 威尔士人
时态：welshed, welshing, welshes
分布：威尔士人(69%)，逃避责任(15%)，威尔士语的(9%)，威尔士人的(7%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*walhaz,凯尔特部落名，凯尔特人，后词义通用化，用于指外国人，不固定的罗马人，高卢人，不列颠人等非日耳曼人，直至后来指现代意义上的威尔士人。大部分现代凯尔特语学者认为该词原义为猎鹰，词源同falcon, 也有学者偏向于词义为狼，词源同wolf. 词义演变比较frank.welsh 赖帐
【记】源于：威尔士（Welsh），当时英格兰与威尔士签订和平条约后去镇压苏格兰，但是打败苏格兰后反手又灭掉了威尔士－食言。
verb intransitive
■to welch
vi. 赖帐，赖赌债逃走；逃避责任
 - weasel out
vt. 逃避责任；对…不守诺言
 - weasel out

Word: workstation
Front: workstation
[ˈwɜ:ksteɪʃn] (12011/4258 -1)
Back: n. 工作站
分布：名词(100%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable
■a keyboard and screen with which a person can use a computer system, or an area in an office, factory, etc. where a single person works （电脑）工作站；（办公室、工厂等中的）个人工作区
n. 工作站；工拙
 - working station

Word: momentary
Front: momentary
[ˈməʊməntri] (研六 12036/11937 -1)
Vocabulary: momentary
(once / 427 pages)
adj
Something that lasts for a very short time is momentary. A flash of lightning is momentary, since it blazes across the sky for only a second or two.
Use the adjective momentary when you want to describe something brief or fleeting, like a momentary pause in a speech or a momentary flash of insight that pops into your head and disappears. If it lasts just a moment, it's momentary. The root word is the Latin momentarius, "of brief duration," which in turn comes from momentum, "short time, or instant."
WORD FAMILY
momentary: momentarily +/ moment: momentaneous, momentary, momentous, moments/ momentous: momentously, momentousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the signature play on an unselfish night, providing a momentary reprieve from the uncertainty that Turgeon’s injury-prone team faces.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The Knicks’ comeback in the fourth quarter was more a momentary fit of competency than the norm.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Two brief power outages disrupted travelers Sunday evening at Los Angeles International Airport, and officials were investigating what caused the momentary loss of electricity.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 短暂的; 瞬间的; 随时会发生的; 时时刻刻的
分布：短暂的(50%)，瞬间的(34%)，时时刻刻的(10%)，刹那间的(6%)
→来自moment,片刻，瞬间。
US ['moʊ-] adjective
■lasting for a very short time 片刻的，瞬间的；短暂的
• a momentary hesitation 片刻的犹豫
immediate, prompt, momentary, instant
immediate: 目前的，当前的
prompt: （行动）立刻的，迅速的；
momentary: 瞬息间的；
instant: 即刻发生的
transient, temporary, momentary
这组词都有“短暂的，瞬息的”的意思，其区别是：
transient: 指停留或延续的时间很短。
temporary: 普通用词，其反义是permanent。指持续有限的可计时间，着重暂时的存在、应用或效应。
momentary: 指瞬时即逝的，也表明间很短的。
adj. 瞬间的；短暂的；随时会发生的
 - brief, little, passing, transient, instantaneous

Word: prophetic
Front: prophetic
[prəˈfetɪk] (宝 12034/14640 -1)
Vocabulary: prophetic
(once / 985 pages)
adj
If you make a prediction and it comes true, your words were prophetic. Like the time you warned your dad against eating a whole box of donuts. He got sick, right? That was a prophetic warning.
The adjective prophetic traces all the way back to the Greek word prophētikos, meaning "predicting." You know who's really good at predicting stuff? Prophets. Usually, prophetic is used to describe a thing — like a warning, a feeling, or a complaint — rather than a person.
WORD FAMILY
prophetic: prophetically, unprophetic+/ prophecy: prophecies, prophetical/ prophet: prophecy, prophetic /unprophetic: unprophetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in later prophetic books the divine voice grows quieter.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Michael Gibson, archivist at the Center for Dubuque History at Loras, says the prayer was “prophetic.”
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On this day full of light, the prophetic proclamation resounds:
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 预言的，先知的; 先兆的
分布：先知的(44%)，预言的(40%)，预示的(16%)
→来自prophet,预言家。
US [-'fetˌ-] adjective
■saying correctly what will happen in the future 预言的，预示的
• Much of Orwell's writing now seems grimly prophetic. 欧威尔的许多文学作品现在看来似乎是冷酷的预言。
adj. 预言的，预示的；先知的
 - vatic, fatidical

Word: silver
Front: silver
[ˈsɪlvə(r)] (中高研四六托雅 2439/2244 -K3)
Back: n. 银; 银币; 银制品; 银色
adj. 银制的; 像银的; 银色的; 银白色的
vt. （在某物上）镀银; 使具有银色光泽，使变成银色
时态：silvered, silvering, silvers
分布：银(83%)，银色的(4%)，银的(4%)，银币(4%)，银器(3%)，银灰色(1%)，镀银于(1%)
→来自中古英语 silver,银，来自古英语 seolfor,银，来自 Proto-Germanic*silubra,银。引申词义 银器，银白色等。金属元素银来自拉丁语 argentum,银，词源同 argent,Argentine.
n.银;银器;银币v.镀银The silly spilled the milk on the silver silk.傻子把牛奶溅到银白色的丝绸上.
US [-vɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a valuable shiny white metal that is used for making utensils (= knives, spoons, etc.) , jewellery, coins and decorative objects 银，银子
• We gave Alison and Tom a dish made of solid silver as a wedding present. 我们送给爱丽森和汤姆一个纯银盘子作为结婚礼物。
• Cleaning the silver (= silver objects) is a dirty job. 擦洗银器是一件很讨厌的事。
• Shall we use the silver (= utensils made of silver) for dinner tonight? 今天晚餐要用银餐具吗?
• I need some silver (= coins made of silver or a metal of similar appearance) for the ticket machine in the car park. 我需要一些银币来使用停车场的售票机。
■(also silver medal countable)
■a small disc of silver, or a metal that looks like silver, which is given to the person who comes second in a competition, especially in a sport 银牌
• Britain won (a) silver/a silver medal in the javelin. 英国队在标枪比赛中获得了银牌。
UK ['sɪl.vər] US [-vɚ] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■made of silver, or of the colour of silver 银质的；银色的
• a silver ring 银戒指
• My grandmother has silver hair. 我的祖母一头银发。
UK ['sɪl.vər] US [-vɚ] verb transitive often passive
■to cover something, especially a window, with a thin layer of silver-coloured material in order to make a mirror 给（窗户等）镀上银色物质
n. [化学] 银；银器；银币；银质奖章；餐具；银灰色
 - plata, argentum
adj. 银的；含银的；有银色光泽的；口才流利的；第二十五周年的婚姻
 - lunar, argentic

Word: impersonal
Front: impersonal
[ɪmˈpɜ:sənl] (托 12028/8797 -1)
Vocabulary: impersonal
(once / 1680 pages)
adj
If you're impersonal, you're neutral — you're not showing your feelings or your preference. If you choose people to be on your team by closing your eyes and pointing, that's impersonal — you're not picking your friends or the best players.
Impersonal can be good. An impersonal rejection is easier to take than one that specifies precisely why you, in particular, are a reject. But if your class is so impersonal, your teacher doesn't even know your name, that’s not good. A wedding that doesn't include details about the bride and groom would be impersonal and maybe more like a business meeting than a celebration. Impersonal comes from the Latin roots in- (or im-), "not," and personalis, "of a person."
WORD FAMILY
impersonal: impersonally+/depersonalise: depersonalisation, depersonalising/depersonalize: depersonalization, depersonalized, depersonalizing/ interpersonal: interpersonally/nonperson: nonpersons/ person: foreperson, nonperson, personable, personal, personhood, personify, persons, unperson/ personable: personableness, personabler, personably/ personal: impersonal, interpersonal, nonpersonal, personalise, personality, personalize, personally, personals/personalise: depersonalise, personalised, personalising/ personality: personalities/personalize: depersonalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing/ personification: personifications/ personify: personification, personified, personifies, personifying/unperson: unpersons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until that point, the movie suffers from literary-ism, a mode of direction that illustrates a set of events with a relentlessly expository, nearly impersonal tone.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of them also felt that a group setting was too impersonal to do that successfully.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
The film glimpses European fractures and follies through a personal story that remains as schematic and impersonal as a position paper.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有人情味的; 非个人的，和个人无关的; 不具人格的，一般性的; [语]非人称的
n. [语]非人称动词; 非人称代名词; 不具人格的事物
分布：客观的(42%)，没有人情味的(28%)，冷淡的(20%)，非特指某一人的(5%)，不受个人感情影响的(5%)
→im-,不，非，personal,人的，人情味的。引申词义客观的。
【记】im不，person（n 人，角色），al－没有个人感情的－冷淡的
US [-'pɝ:-] disapproving
adjective
■without human warmth and interest 没有人情味的；冷淡的
• Hospitals always seem such impersonal places - rows of identical beds in dull grey rooms. 医院看来总是很没有人情味——灰暗的房间中都是一排排一模一样的病床。
• She has a very cold and impersonal manner. 她的态度非常冷淡，没有人情味。
adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；非人称的
 - objective

Word: whiff
Front: whiff
[wɪf] (宝 12029/14450 -1)
Vocabulary: whiff
(once / 2245 pages)
1nv 2n
A whiff can mean the hint of something you smell. When you drive past the sewage treatment plant and suddenly roll up your car windows, it's usually because you've gotten a whiff of the plant's special odor.
Whiff can be used as either a noun or verb, and it implies a brief or small puff or sniff. A person can have "a whiff of the exotic," which means they are living like the rest of us, but there is a little something about them that seems foreign or different. Sometimes, of course, odors are so overpowering that a small sniff is all you need: "Take a whiff of this," your friend might say to you, holding out a carton of sour milk. In that case, one whiff will be more than enough.
WORD FAMILY
whiff: whiffed, whiffer, whiffing, whiffs+/whiffer: whiffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
For some of the candidates, that carries a whiff of insiderism.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But the Austrian Culture Ministry’s decision to replace the company’s current director, Dominique Meyer, added a whiff of intrigue.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The persuasion, it seems, was a whiff of scandal such as the tales of corruption that are now surfacing.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 吸气或吹气; 一种比目鱼; <口>难闻的气味; 小雪茄烟
vt. 吸; 喷出; 击球失败
vi. 喷气; 垂钓; 轻吹
时态：whiffed, whiffing, whiffs
分布：一阵香气(33%)，一吹(23%)，香烟的一口(11%)，吹送(11%)，轻轻地吹(11%)，使被三阵出局(11%)
→拟声词。
【记】读：微抚，轻微的抚摸－轻吹
noun countable usually singular
■a slight smell, carried on a current of air 一阵气味，一股味道
• He leaned towards me and I caught/got a whiff of garlic. 他向我靠过来，我闻到一股大蒜的味道。
• During the first few months of pregnancy the slightest whiff of food cooking made my stomach turn. 怀孕的最初几个月，闻到一点点做饭的味道就会让我反胃。
a whiff of sth
■a slight sign of something 一点点，些许
• They regularly hold elections without a whiff of corruption or violence. 他们定期举行选举，其中毫无腐败或暴力的成分。
vt. 吸；喷出
 - inhaust, belch out
n. 一点点； [船] 单人小划艇；琴鲆属鱼；吸气或吹气
 - little bit, just a little
vi. 喷气；垂钓；轻吹
 - air injection

Word: artichoke
Front: artichoke
[ˈɑ:tɪtʃəʊk] (12065/24776 -1)
Vocabulary: artichoke
(once / 6022 pages)
n
An artichoke is an edible plant with many leaves and a tender, delicious heart. Some people like to dip their artichoke leaves in melted butter.
The artichoke you can buy in the supermarket is called a "globe artichoke," and it's specially cultivated to be tasty. Artichokes are actually a kind of thistle, or a prickly, flowering plant. The part of an artichoke that's edible has to be picked before it blooms, or it becomes too tough to eat. The word comes from the Northern Italian articiocco, with its Arabic root word, al-hursufa .
WORD FAMILY
artichoke: artichokes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Impressively tender and flavorful veal tongue with artichokes and white beans was served at the original from the start, and it is worth repeating.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
All veggies provide some fiber, but a few top sources include artichokes, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and kale.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
On Friday evening, Maxime Mazier's menu included a lobster and artichoke starter, line-caught sea bass with shellfish and coconut marshmallow with mango.
Reuters(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 朝鲜蓟; 洋蓟; 洋百合; 法国百合
分布：洋蓟(38%)，菊芋(32%)，朝鲜蓟(30%)
→词源略。俗词源，art, 艺术。choke, 堵塞。噎住艺术家喉咙的。比较antimony.
US ['ɑ:r.tˌɪ.tʃoʊk] noun countable
■a globe artichoke or Jerusalem artichoke

Word: clamor
Front: clamor
['klæmə] (托宝 12008/-)
Vocabulary: clamor
(once / 719 pages)
vn
To clamor is to make a demand — LOUDLY. It's usually a group that clamors — like Americans might clamor for comprehensive health care coverage.
The noun clamor is often used specifically to describe a noisy outcry from a group of people, but more generally, the word means any loud, harsh sound. You could describe the clamor of sirens in the night or the clamor of the approaching subway in the tunnel.
WORD FAMILY
clamor: clamored, clamoring, clamorous, clamors+/clamoring: clamorings/ clamorous: clamorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
With new streaming video features, all the major social networks are clamoring to become the television network in your pocket.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
“The industry is not clamoring to get into these places. Any return on investment is decades away.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“Its product is something people clamor for,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 喧哗声，喧闹; 大声的要求或抗议
vi. 喧哗，吵闹; 大声地要求或抗议
时态：clamored, clamoring, clamors
分布：喧嚷(55%)，大声的要求(30%)，大声要求(15%)
喧哗;吵闹(clam+or表名词)[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
【记】clam喊。参：claim要求
【参】proclamation（n 宣言）；reclaim（v 回收，开垦）；clamorous（adj 吵闹的，喧哗的）＝noisy＝vociferous
n. 喧闹，叫嚷；大声的要求
 - rumpus, whoop-up

Word: creed
Front: creed
[kri:d] (托 12038/8002 -1)
Vocabulary: creed
(once / 328 pages)
n
Without reading the long document about the group's beliefs — its creed — he knew he didn't fit in, because he just couldn't bow to the 12-foot statue of a rabbit, no matter what it symbolized.
A creed can be a formal doctrine, or system of beliefs, for a church or religious group, or it can be a philosophy, or personal set of beliefs. The origins of the word are in the Latin crēdō, "I believe," once specific to the Christian faith, but by the 17th century it was used for many different faiths. Companies, societies, and disciplines might also adopt a creed — as in a political creed, a national creed, or a management creed — that lays out a particular belief-system or way of doing things.
WORD FAMILY
creed: credal, creedal, creeds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Koretz declined to respond to Creed’s comments, instead scheduling his own news conference outside Caruso’s development site for later Thursday afternoon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Passengers” and “Assassin’s Creed,” two high-profile live-action efforts that debuted this weekend, proved to be no match at the box office for “Rogue One.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
America the Indivisible spreads opportunity wide and embraces all colors, all creeds within the sunshine of equal regard.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指宗教）信条，教义; 主义，纲领; 宗派
分布：信念(65%)，宗教信仰(35%)
信条;纲领(creed相信→信条)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
【记】cred相信
[kri:d] (also credo) formal
noun countable
■a set of beliefs which expresses a particular opinion and influences the way you live 信条；信念；教义
n. 信条，教义
 - belief, teaching, doctrine, tenet, credo

Word: relaxing
Front: relaxing
[rɪˈlæksɪŋ] (12044/9812 -K)
Vocabulary: relaxing
(once / 2795 pages)
adj
Relaxing things are soothing: they make you feel calm, happy, and at ease.
Relaxing things are the opposite of things that create worry or excitement. For a lot of people, watching TV and reading are relaxing. Jumping off a building or taking part in a high-speed chase isn't relaxing at all — neither is taking a test. If something makes you feel mellow, then it's probably relaxing. It helps most people sleep if they do relaxing things first.
WORD FAMILY
relaxing: relaxingly+/ relax: relaxant, relaxation, relaxed, relaxer, relaxes, relaxing /relaxant: relaxants/ relaxation: relaxations/ relaxed: relaxedly, unrelaxed/relaxer: relaxers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The focus of the club isn’t, as one might think, networking or relaxing.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They were eventually freed after rescuers managed to restart the cabins by relaxing the tension of tangled cables.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Push it and it settles the car down and it all becomes relaxing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人轻松的
v. 放松; 休息(relax的ing形式); 缓和; 松懈
分布：轻松的(95%)，动词relax的现在分词.(5%)
adjective
■making you feel relaxed 使人放松的；令人轻松的
• a relaxing holiday 令人身心放松的假期
• I find swimming so relaxing. 我觉得游泳特别令人放松。
v. 放松；休息（relax的ing形式）；缓和；松懈
 - resting

Word: bowl
Front: bowl
[bəʊl] (中高研四托 1829/2707 -K3)
Vocabulary: bowl
(once / 172 pages)
1n 2n 3nv
A bowl is a rounded dish that holds food. Many people start the day with a bowl of cereal.
You might keep your sugar in a sugar bowl, or stir up a batch of brownies in a big mixing bowl. In either case, you've got a wide dish with curved sides that's open on the top. You can call other things with a similar shape bowls too, like a toilet bowl or the bowl of a spoon. When bowl is a verb, it means to roll or throw a ball in a game.
WORD FAMILY
bowl: bowled, bowler, bowlful, bowling, bowls+/bowler: bowlers/bowlful: bowlfuls/ bowling: bowlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The junior confidently drilled the Rose Bowl winner, sprinting away to celebrate amid pandemonium in the packed stadium.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Donald, a Pro Bowl selection in each of his first three seasons, finished with eight sacks.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I was on a Super Bowl team, and we argued every day — even after we won games 45-0,” Bowles said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 碗; 一碗东西; 碗状物; [体]木球
vi. 参加保龄球赛; [体]投球; [体]玩滚木球; 稳而快地行驶
vt. 投掷或滚动（球）; 滚球得分; 表演保龄球; 打倒，撞击
时态：bowled, bowling, bowls
分布：碗(91%)，投球(3%)，保龄球(2%)，木球(1%)，碗状物(1%)，打保龄球(1%)，圆形露天剧场(1%)
→词源同ball, 球。
n.碗(状物),钵Bowing its elbow, the owl sows in the bowl.猫头鹰弯着肘在碗中播种.
US [boʊl] noun
DISH 碗状物
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a round container that is open at the top and is deep enough to hold fruit, sugar, etc. 碗；钵；（物体的）碗状部分
• a soup/cereal/salad/sugar bowl 汤碗／麦片碗／沙拉钵／糖钵
• a bowl of soup/rice/porridge 一碗汤／米饭／粥
• She eats a bowl (= the contents of a bowl) of cereal every morning. 她每天早上吃一碗麦片。
• Sift the flour and baking powder into a mixing bowl. 将面粉和发酵粉筛进搅拌碗里。
• UK Just put the dirty dishes in the washing-up bowl, and I'll do them later. 将脏碟子放进洗碟盆好了，我一会儿再洗。
countable
■the rounded inside part of something 碗；钵；（物体的）碗状部分
• The toilet bowl was cracked and stained, and the walls were covered in mould. 抽水马桶破裂了，污迹斑斑，四周墙上到处都是霉点。
countable mainly US
■a large bowl-shaped building or structure which is used for important sports events or musical performances 圆形运动场；圆形露天剧场
• the Hollywood Bowl 好莱坞露天剧场
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] noun
GAME 游戏
bowls
uncountable
■a game played either outside on smooth grass or inside on an artificial surface, in which the players roll a large black or brown ball as close as possible to a smaller white ball 草地滚球；地滚球戏
• Bowls is one of the most popular sports in Britain. 地滚球戏是英国最流行的运动之一。
countable
■a large ball used in the game of bowls （草地滚球中的）木球，圆球
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] noun
Life is just a bowl of cherries.
■something that you say which means that life is very pleasant. This phrase is often used humorously to mean the opposite. （常幽默地用作反语）一切都十全十美；一切都完美无缺
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
CRICKET 板球
■to throw a ball towards a batsman (= the player who hits the ball) using a vertical circular movement of the arm while running （举臂）把（球）投给打击手；投（球）
• Pringle was tired after bowling for an hour. 投了一小时球后普林格尔累了。
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
ROLL 滚
■to roll a ball along a smooth grass or artificial surface during a game （在游戏中）滚（球）
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bowl down/along sth
■to go quickly 朝着（或沿着）…疾行
• They bowled down the street on their new bicycles. 他们骑着新的脚踏车飞奔在大街上。
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bowl sb out
■in the game of cricket, to make someone have to leave the cricket field by hitting the wicket (= three vertical sticks) behind them with the ball （板球运动中）击中三柱门把（打击手）杀出局
UK [bəʊl] US [boʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] bowl sb over
KNOCK DOWN
■to knock someone to the ground by running into them 把（某人）撞倒
• She was almost bowled over by a huge dog. 她差点儿被一只大狗撞倒。
PLEASE
■to surprise and please someone a lot 使（某人）大为惊喜
• She was bowled over when she heard she'd won the competition. 她听说自己赢了比赛喜不自禁。
n. 碗；木球；大酒杯
 - knurr, rummer
vi. 玩保龄球；滑动；平稳快速移动
 - slip, slide
vt. 投球；旋转；平稳快速移动
 - go round and round, fly about

Word: POW
Front: POW
[paʊ] (19487/25277 -1)
Back: n. 脑袋，乒（表示射击、爆炸声等的拟声词）
分布：战俘(100%)
→拟声词。
informal
exclamation
■(especially in children's cartoons) a word which represents the noise of an explosion or a gun being shot （尤指儿童卡通画中表示爆炸声或枪声的）砰，啪
• When I shout "Pow!" that means I've shot you and you've got to pretend to be dead. 我喊“砰！”时表示我打中你，你应该装死。

Word: latent
Front: latent
[ˈleɪtnt] (研六托雅宝 11997/7284 -1)
Vocabulary: latent
(once / 1177 pages)
adj
Latent is an adjective that you use to describe something that is capable of becoming active or at hand, though it is not currently so.
The adjective latent is a tricky word to define because it refers to something there but not there. That is, latent means something that is capable of becoming active or at hand but has not yet achieved that state. The word arrived in Middle English from the Latin word latēre which means "to lie hidden." It can have somewhat negative connotations because it is often used in a medical context, as in a latent illness or infection, but it can also mean good things, such as someone discovering they have latent talents or capabilities.
WORD FAMILY
latent: latency, latenter, latently+/ latency: latencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Trump’s win and Clinton’s loss simply represented millions of voters’ failure to confront misogyny, however latent or overt.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
In principle, this imbues the system with the capacity to notice latent emotions, just as human therapists do.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Working memories, it seems, are preserved in a latent or hidden state, existing without any evident activation at all until the moment they’re needed.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 潜在的; 潜伏的; 休眠的; 潜意识的
n. 指纹，指印
分布：潜在的(79%)，潜伏的(21%)
→来自la,隐藏，遗忘，词源同Lethe,lethargy.
a.潜在的,潜伏的,不易察觉的The inflated balloon indicates a latent inflation on the plateau.膨胀的气球对高原指示潜在的通货膨胀.
adjective
■present but needing particular conditions to become active, obvious or completely developed 潜在的，潜伏的，隐性的
• Recent developments in the area have brought latent ethnic tension out into the open. 近来该地区的一些新情况导致民族之间潜在的紧张关系公开化了。
• We're trying to bring out the latent artistic talents that many people possess without realising it. 我们正在努力挖掘许多人自身具有但却没有意识到的潜在艺术才能。
latent, potential
这组词都有“潜在的”的意思，其区别是：
latent: 指存在但看不见的现象或潜在的性质。
potential: 强调潜在的可能性或能力。
adj. 潜在的； [无脊椎] 潜伏的；隐藏的
 - potential, hidden, underlying

Word: unwelcome
Front: unwelcome
[ʌnˈwelkəm] (12012/8638 -1)
Vocabulary: unwelcome
(once / 1372 pages)
adj
Things that are unwelcome are unpleasant or objectionable in some way. An unwelcome guest is one you didn't invite and you're not particularly happy to see.
People are sometimes unwelcome, like your boring cousin who shows up unexpectedly for a long visit at the worst time. Things can also be unwelcome, like bad news or heckling from the audience during your stand-up comedy routine. Anything you don't wish for and don't appreciate can be described as unwelcome. Welcome has its roots in the Old English wilcuma, a friendly greeting and earlier "a welcome guest," from willa, "pleasure or choice," and cuma, "guest."
WORD FAMILY
unwelcome: unwelcomely, unwelcomer, unwelcomest, unwelcomingly+/ welcome: unwelcome, welcomed, welcomely, welcomer, welcomes, welcomest, welcoming, welcomingly/welcomer: welcomers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But to many in the territory, intervention by the NPC would be a hugely unwelcome shock.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
We are greeted with smiles at every turn, but anything further, I learn, is unwelcome.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Baroness Ruth Deech, the former adjudicator for universities, told the Telegraph that Jewish students felt "unwelcome" on some campuses.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受欢迎的，令人失望的，令人讨厌的
n. 冷淡
vt. 冷淡地对待
分布：不受欢迎的(87%)，讨厌的(13%)
adjective
■not wanted 不受欢迎的；多余的
• unwelcome news 不受欢迎的消息
• an unwelcome visitor 不受欢迎的客人
adj. 不受欢迎的；讨厌的；不被接受的
 - evil, rank, unpleasant
n. 冷淡
 - pococurantism, inhospitality

Word: defending
Front: defending
[diˈfendɪŋ] (11998/15558)
Back: v. 辩护( defend的现在分词 ); 保卫; （足球、曲棍球等）防守; 进行辩护
分布：辩护(69%)，防守(24%)，防护(7%)
VERB
防御;保卫;保护
If you defend someone or something, you take action in order to protect them.
例：Every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge...每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。
例：His courage in defending religious and civil rights inspired many outside the church...他在捍卫宗教和公民权利时所表现出来的勇气鼓舞了许多教会之外的人。
VERB
替…辩护;为…辩解;维护
If you defend someone or something when they have been criticized, you argue in support of them.
例：Matt defended all of Clarence's decisions, right or wrong...克拉伦斯的决定，不管对错，马特都予以维护。
例：The author defends herself against charges of racism by noting that blacks are only one of her targets...面对种族主义指控，作者替自己辩护说黑人只是她的抨击目标之一。
VERB
(律师)为(被告)辩护
When a lawyer defends a person who has been accused of something, the lawyer argues on their behalf in a court of law that the charges are not true.
例：...a lawyer who defended political prisoners during the military regime...在军人政权时期为政治犯辩护的律师
例：He has hired a lawyer to defend him against the allegations...他已聘请了一位律师针对这些指控为自己辩护。
VERB
卫(冕)
When a sports player plays in the tournament which they won the previous time it was held, you can say that they are defending their title.
例：Torrence expects to defend her title successfully in the next Olympics...托伦斯希望在下届奥运会上能够卫冕成功。
例：India had to struggle to beat defending champions South Korea 2-0.印度队苦战之下才以 2 比 0 击败卫冕冠军韩国队。
v. 防护；防卫（defend的ing形式）
 - protecting

Word: pervade
Front: pervade
[pəˈveɪd] (托雅宝 12043/11414 -1)
Vocabulary: pervade
(once / 643 pages)
v
To pervade means to be present throughout, to exist in every part of. If you have too many cats, the horrible smell of cat pee will pervade your house.
You can use pervade both for external things like smells and sickness, and for more internal things like feelings. For instance, you can say that a feeling of doom pervaded the army as they caught sight of the opposition’s superior forces. Despite efforts to prevent bullying, peer pressure and clique mentalities pervade the school environment.
WORD FAMILY
pervade: pervaded, pervades, pervading, pervasion, pervasive +/pervasion: pervasions/ pervasive: pervasively, pervasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts say worker abuse pervades the poultry industry, but the monitoring situation is likely to get worse under Donald Trump’s administration.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
We learned to fear and rely on them in equal measure, let them pervade our lives even as we struggled with their omnipresence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
This narrative holds that law enforcement is pervaded by racism, and that we are experiencing an epidemic of racially biased police shootings of black men.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 遍及，弥漫; 渗透，充满
时态：pervaded, pervading, pervades
分布：弥漫(47%)，遍及(28%)，蔓延(25%)
→per-,穿过，通过，-vad,走，词源同wade,invade.引申词义渗透，弥漫。
蔓延;普及(per全部+vad+e走→全部走遍→蔓延)[vadvas=go,表示"走"]
US [pɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■When qualities, characteristics or smells pervade a place or thing, they spread through it and are present in every part of it （特性或气味）渗透，弥漫，充满
• The film is a reflection of the violence that pervades American culture. 这部电影反映了充斥于美国文化中的暴力。
vt. 遍及；弥漫
 - suffuse

Word: spectral
Front: spectral
[ˈspektrəl] (宝 12007/16159)
Vocabulary: spectral
(once / 2670 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something is spectral, it has a ghostlike quality; it seems to vanish or disappear. You may have heard of ghosts referred to as "specters": that means that they're spectral.
You may recognize the spect part of the adjective spectral from words like "spectacle," "spectrum," and "spectacular." All of these words share a similar meaning, which comes from the Latin verb specere, "look at, view." When something is spectral, think of it as something you can see but not touch — though it won't always mean that literally. The young model was so skinny she had a spectral quality: she almost seemed to disappear.
WORD FAMILY
spectral: spectrally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Always,” Blake’s collaboration with Ocean, another essential voice of 2016, is a soft and spectral lament.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
The singing is spectral, the cadence is practically spoken, and, as a bonus, the beat is ghost-EDM, with thumps that flicker on and off.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
We strolled through a room of portraits painted by Whistler: thin, spectral figures wrapped in finery.
The New Yorker(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. （似）鬼的; 幽灵的; 谱的; 光谱的
分布：光谱的(60%)，幽灵的(40%)
→来自 spectrum,光谱，specter,鬼的，幽灵的，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
GHOST 鬼
■coming from or seeming to be the spirit of a dead person 鬼的，幽灵的；幽灵似的
• a spectral figure/presence 鬼魂
['spek.trəl] adjective
COLOURS 颜色 specialized
■of the set of colours into which a beam of light can be separated 光谱的，谱的
• spectral light 光谱灯
adj. [电子] [光] 光谱的；幽灵的；鬼怪的
 - ghostly, phantasmal

Word: seamless
Front: seamless
[ˈsi:mləs] (12046/18606 -1)
Vocabulary: seamless
(once / 7229 pages)
adj
Something seamless could literally be a piece of clothing without seams, but it's usually something else that's smooth or unbroken, like a seamless transition.
Seamless things are connected so well that you can't see what's holding them together. They're flowing, consistent, and well-put-together. If an employee leaves, and the replacement does a great job immediately, that's a seamless transition. In basketball, if a team goes from offense to defense without missing a beat, that's seamless play. And that underwear that seems to be made out of one piece of material? Seamless. And super comfortable.
WORD FAMILY
seamless: seamlessly+/ seam: seamed, seaming, seamless, seams, seamster, seamy /seamed: unseamed/seamster: seamsters/ seamy: seamier, seamiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Players don’t move as seamlessly as they do in basketball or baseball; that’s why there are so many free agent fails in football.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Tatum missed eight games, but seamlessly fit into Duke’s operation when he returned for victories over Maine, Florida and UNLV.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
We want what’s familiar above all else, and we want it seamlessly beamed to each and every one of our many devices simultaneously.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 无缝的; 无漏洞的
分布：无缝的(98%)，持续的(2%)
→seam,缝补，缝隙，-less,无，没有。
ADJ
无缝的;无停顿的;衔接完美的
You use seamless to describe something that has no breaks or gaps in it or which continues without stopping.
例：It was a seamless procession of wonderful electronic music.这是一曲优美流畅的电子乐曲。
例：...the seamless blue sky.一望无际的蓝天
adj. 无缝的；无缝合线的；无伤痕的
 - smls, unseamed

Word: figurative
Front: figurative
[ˈfɪgərətɪv] (宝 12006/20849 -1)
Vocabulary: figurative
(once / 1919 pages)
1adj 2adj
When speech or writing is not literal, it is figurative, like when you say you have a ton of homework. You don't really have 2000 pounds of homework, do you? Also, when art depicts a figure from life it is figurative, like a figurative drawing of a dancer.
The adjective figurative comes from the Old French word figuratif, which means “metaphorical.” Any figure of speech — a statement or phrase not intended to be understood literally — is figurative. You say your hands are frozen, or you are so hungry you could eat a horse. That's being figurative. In art, figure means "human or animal form," so a figurative drawing might show horses running across a field.
WORD FAMILY
figurative: figuratively, nonfigurative+/disfiguration: disfigurations/ disfigure: disfiguration, disfigured, disfigurement, disfigures, disfiguring/disfigurement: disfigurements/figuration: figurations/ figure: disfigure, figuration, figurative, figured, figureed, figurer, figures, figuring, prefigure, subfigure/figurer: figurers/figuring: figurings/prefiguration: prefigurations/ prefigure: prefiguration, prefigurative, prefigured, prefigures, prefiguring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two main classes of figurative language, Pope argued, were responsible: “the Magnifying” and “the Diminishing.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
“In Cuba, I did sculpture which was figurative.”
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
She created a figurative art wall, a sea of faces on a white wall.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 比喻的; 修饰多的; 象征的; 呈现的
分布：比喻的(89%)，象征的(11%)
→来自figure, 比喻。
比喻的(figure形体,用形象比喻)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
【记】figure（n 外形；轮廓；数字vt 描绘；象征），ative－象征性的－比喻的－比喻用得多－文风华丽的
【反】literal（adj 文字的；照字面上的；无夸张的）
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective
LANGUAGE 语言 (written abbreviation fig.)
■(of words and phrases) used not with their basic meaning but with a more imaginative meaning （词或短语）比喻的
• Of course, she was using the term 'massacre' in the figurative sense. 当然，她是在用“屠杀”这个词的比喻义。
Compare literal
UK ['fɪg.ər.ə.tɪv] US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪv] adjective
ART 艺术
■(of a painting, drawing, etc.) representing something as it really looks, rather than in an abstract way （油画、素描等）形象的，具象的
adj. 比喻的；修饰丰富的；形容多的
 - tralatitious, parabolical

Word: express
Front: express
[ɪkˈspres] (中高研四六 1272/839 -K4)
Vocabulary: express
(once / 22 pages)
1vadj 2nvadjadv 3v
When something goes fast, it goes express — like a train that skips many stops. You also express your feelings and thoughts.
When you want something sent quickly, send it by express mail. When you give your opinion, you're expressing yourself. Writing music and poems are also examples of expressing yourself. Mathematical formulas express complex ideas. In genetics, a gene might be expressed by making you bald.
WORD FAMILY
express: expressage, expressed, expressedly, expresses, expressible, expressing, expression, expressive, expressly +/expressed: unexpressed/expressible: expressibly, inexpressible, unexpressible/ expression: expressionism, expressionless, expressions, self-expression/ expressionism: expressionisms, expressionist, expressionistic, neoexpressionism/expressionist: expressionists/expressionless: expressionlessly/ expressive: expressively, expressiveness, inexpressive, unexpressive/inexpressible: inexpressibly/inexpressive: inexpressively/unexpressible: unexpressibly/unexpressive: unexpressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
What is more, we “12s” express our faith in our team in a variety of ways.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Rescue crews met United Express Flight 6060 on the tarmac after authorities learned during the flight that the man was trapped with passengers’ luggage.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 表达; 表示; 显而易见; 快递邮寄
adj. 特快的; 迅速的; 用快递寄送的; 明确的
n. 特快列车; 快递服务
adv. 使用快速服务
时态：expressed, expressing, expresses
分布：表达(60%)，表示(22%)，快递(6%)，明确的(4%)，快车(4%)，专使(1%)，用快递(1%)，挤压出(1%)，直接的(1%)
→ex-, 向外。press, 压，推。即推出，表达。
表达;特快(ex把[思想]挤出来→表达)[press=press表示"挤压"]
v.表达,表示a.特快的,快速的n.快车,快运The man depressed by the pressure from the press expressed the impression on him.那个受到来自新闻界压力压抑的人表达了他的印象.
verb transitive
SHOW 表露
 ESSENTIAL
■to show a feeling, opinion or fact 陈述；表达；表露
• Her eyes expressed deep sadness. 她眼神中流露出深切的悲伤。
• I would like to express my thanks for your kindness. 我想向你的善意表示衷心的感谢。
• Words can't express how happy I am. 言语无法形容我的快乐。
• These figures are expressed as a percentage of the total. 这些数字是用总数的百分比来表示的。
express yourself
■to communicate what you think or feel, by speaking or writing, or in some other way 表达自己（的想法或感受）
• I'm afraid I'm not expressing myself very clearly. 我担心没有把意思表达清楚。
• Children often express themselves in painting. 小朋友经常透过画画来表达内心的感受。
[ɪk'spres] verb transitive
SEND FAST 快速送出 mainly US to send something somewhere very quickly 快递邮寄
• Your order will be expressed to you within 24 hours. 您订的货将在24小时内快递送到。
[ɪk'spres] adjective [before noun]
FAST 快的
■moving or being sent fast 快速的；快递的；特快的
• Please send this letter by express delivery. 请用快递寄这封信。
• an express train 特快列车
• The dry cleaners offer a normal or an express service. 干洗店提供一般服务以及快洗服务。
[ɪk'spres] adjective [before noun]
CLEAR 清楚的
■clearly and intentionally stated 明确的；明白表示的；特别指出的
• It is my express wish that after my death, my books be given to my old college library. 我明确表示，死后要把我的藏书捐给母校的图书馆。
• The lawyer argued that the accused had gone to the victim's house with the express purpose of killing her. 律师辩道，被告到被害人家中时，怀有很明确的杀人动机。
[ɪk'spres] adverb
■using a service which does something faster than usual 以快递方式服务地
• Send this parcel express. 用快件寄这个包裹。
[ɪk'spres] noun
countable
■a train or bus that takes less time to do a journey than other trains or buses 快车
• The quickest way to get here is to take the uptown express. 来这里最快捷的方法就是坐从市中心开出来的特快列车。
• the Orient Express 东方快车
uncountable
■a service which does something faster than usual 快递服务
• This parcel needs to be sent by express. 请用快递寄这封信。
specific, explicit, definite, express
这组词都有“明确的”的意思，其区别是：
specific: 强调内容明确，毫不抽象、笼统。
explicit: 指清楚明白，毫不含糊其辞，因而无任何理解困难。
definite: 指对所提到的事的范围及其细节毫无疑问，含有明确和确定界限的意味。
express: 语气较强，较正式，指不但清楚明确，而且含有直截了当和有力等的意思。
vt. 表达；快递
 - voice, put
adj. 明确的；迅速的；专门的
 - precise, decided, technical, rapid, specific
n. [交] 快车，快递，专使；捷运公司
 - rapido, flier

Word: analytic
Front: analytic
[ˌænəˈlɪtɪk] (研六 12062/15952)
Vocabulary: analytic
(once / 6074 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
If you have an analytic mind, you are good at using logic to figure things out. You don't let emotion sway you. Doctors are trained to think in this way, as are scientists and engineers.
Analytic derives from analysis, which means a thorough and detailed dissection of an object or an idea. Being analytic means that you think things through carefully and thoroughly. It may be more fun to fly by the seat of your pants and make all your decisions based on your gut instinct, but in the end, being analytic is safer.
WORD FAMILY
analytic: analytically, analyticity
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the ultimate product of the intelligence community’s collection and analytic efforts, the PDB tends to command respect, as some presidential comments reflect.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Here he redirected his analytic mind to his paralyzing grief, mocking the language of recovery, preferring “numb slog” to “healing journey.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
And for some analytic engines that decide which adverts you see online, the Prince of Wales and the Prince of Darkness are almost indistinguishable.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 解析的; 分解的; 善于分析的; <语>分析型的
分布：分析的(87%)，分解的(13%)
a.(analytical)分析的;分解的The methods of science are analytic.科学的方法是分析性的.
ADJ-GRADED
同analytical
Analytic means the same as analytical .

Word: instill
Front: instill
[ɪn'stɪl] (托宝 12013/34201)
Vocabulary: instill
(once / 3243 pages)
v
Parents work hard to develop, or instill, positive beliefs and values in their children. Interestingly, there's no corresponding word for when parents pass down their bad habits.
Instill comes from the Latin verb stillare, meaning "to drip." For some people, this word provides an apt metaphor for the way that parents and teachers cultivate understanding in young learners, patiently introducing wisdom "drop by drop." (Of course, for others, instill conjures up the image of a persistently dripping faucet that just won't be quiet.)
WORD FAMILY
instill: instillation, instillator, instilled, instilling, instillment, instills+/instillation: instillations
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s part of the lessons he hoped to instill at this week’s 13th annual Ozone Christmas Baseball Camp at Riverside Military Academy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Mr. Hitchens charged that instead of empowering the poor to seek a better future, she instilled the idea that their condition was permanent.
New York Times(Sep 03, 2016)
She was a hard working mom, so I instilled from her to always work hard.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. <美>逐渐使某人获得（某种可取的品质），逐步灌输
时态：instilled, instilling, instills
分布：逐渐灌输(60%)，滴注(40%)
滴注(in进+still→滴进去→滴注)[satill=smalldrop。表示"小水滴"]
【记】in进入，still滴－一滴一滴地灌入
【参】distill（v 蒸馏；提取…的精华）；install（v 安装；就职）
【反】drain away（流走）；remove（vt 移动；开除；移交）

Word: shrill
Front: shrill
[ʃrɪl] (六 12017/12653 -1)
Vocabulary: shrill
(once / 406 pages)
adjv
A shrill sound is high pitched and sharp, like the squeak of the mouse in your cupboard or the sound of your “eek” when you hear it.
Closer to a shriek than a trill, a shrill tone is one that might make you cover your ears, usually because the tone is so high and sharp. A high pitched voice, a classroom of excited first graders, or the sound of chalk scraping the board can all be shrill, as can a color or light that looks as sharp and intense as a shrill tone sounds.
WORD FAMILY
shrill: shrilled, shriller, shrillest, shrilling, shrillly, shrillness, shrills, shrilly+/shrilling: shrillings/shrillness: shrillnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
From his corner, Tarverdyan shouted in increasingly shrill tones as each punch connected.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The French-Canadian auteur’s film premiered at Cannes, where the reactions were swift and often merciless -- decrying, among other things, a shrill tone and in-your-face dysfunction.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
It’s hard to recommend “Blood Brothers,” which is mostly unpleasant and shrill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）尖锐的; 刺耳的; 高频率的; 强烈的，刺激的
vt. 以尖声的方式说出; 尖叫
vi. 尖叫; 发出一种尖锐的声音
时态：shrilled, shrilling, shrills
分布：刺耳的(47%)，尖锐的(37%)，尖锐的声音(10%)，发出刺耳声(3%)，用尖锐的声音说(3%)
adjective
■having a loud and high sound that is unpleasant or painful to listen to （声音）刺耳的，尖厉的
• She had a shrill high-pitched voice. 她的声音尖锐而刺耳。
■disapproving
■describes a way of arguing or criticizing that seems too forceful （争论或批评）尖刻的，刻薄的
• He launched a shrill attack on the Prime Minister. 他对首相进行了刻薄的批评。
adj. [声] 尖锐的；刺耳的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh
adv. [声] 尖锐地
 - acutely, pointedly
vi. 尖声喊叫
 - scream out
n. 尖叫声
 - scream

Word: disarray
Front: disarray
[ˌdɪsəˈreɪ] (托雅宝 12019/13777 -1)
Vocabulary: disarray
(once / 5869 pages)
nv
If something is confused or disorganized, use the noun disarray, like the disarray that follows your little brother everywhere he goes because he spills everything and never puts away his toys.
Combine the prefix dis-, meaning “lack of,” with array, which derives from the Old French word areer ("to put in order"), and... you’ve got a mess on your hands — or a lack of order. That's disarray. Whether it’s your plans, your kitchen, your workplace, or your hair, the noun disarray can be used to describe anything that is characterized by disorder, untidiness, or confusion.
WORD FAMILY
disarray: disarrayed, disarraying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The battalion’s hockey accounts were not the only ones in disarray.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It ended in a criminal complaint and several salt-in-the-wound news stories about a party in disarray.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Park Geun-hye’s impeachment Friday formalizes Seoul’s state of political disarray.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 混乱，紊乱; 衣冠不整
vt. 使混乱; 弄乱; 使脱去衣服
时态：disarrayed, disarraying, disarrays
分布：混乱(88%)，弄乱(5%)，无秩序(4%)，使混乱(3%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。array, 安排，布置。引申义使紊乱。
【记】dis消除，array（n 排列）－漫无秩序
formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being confused and having no organization or of being untidy 凌乱，混乱，杂乱
• Ever since the oil crisis, the industry has been in (a state of) disarray. 自石油危机以来，该行业就一直处于混乱状态。
• The news had thrown his plans into disarray. 这个消息打乱了他的计划。
• Her clothes were in disarray (= were untidy). 她的衣服凌乱不堪。
n. 无秩序；杂乱；衣冠不整
 - messing, disorderliness
vt. 使混乱；弄乱；使脱去衣服
 - cloud, confuse

Word: poppy
Front: poppy
[ˈpɒpi] (12051/12068 -1)
Back: n. [植]罂粟（花）; 罂粟属植物; 深红色
级别：poppier, poppiest
分布：罂粟(81%)，鸦片(18%)，芙蓉红(1%)
→来自古英语popig,来自West-Germanic*papua,可能借自拉丁语papaver,罂粟花。
US ['pɑ:.pi] noun countable
■a plant with large delicate flowers, which are typically red, and small black seeds 罂粟
n. [毒物] [植] 罂粟花；罂粟属植物；深红色
 - papaver, coquelicot
adj. 罂粟科的
 - papaveraceous

Word: preferential
Front: preferential
[ˌprefəˈrenʃl] (12002/12503 -1)
Vocabulary: preferential
(once / 9037 pages)
adj
Something that's preferential gives one person or group a big advantage over others. If your soccer coach never makes you sit on the bench and always hands you the first Gatorade, she gives you preferential treatment.
Giving preferential treatment or having a preferential attitude shows that you are partial to one person or group of people. And if you act in a preferential way, it gives the person you prefer an advantage over everyone else. Preferential treatment could include giving one party guest the first pick of party favors, or a state government giving one school district more money than other schools.
WORD FAMILY
preferential: preferentially+/ prefer: preferable, preference, prefering, preferment, preferred, preferring, prefers/ preferable: preferably / preference: preferences, preferential /preferment: preferments/ preferred: preferredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the 1997 deal tried to prevent any preferential treatment, no matter how big the companies became.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In Washington, the Kansas idea—preferential business tax rates—is part of the Republican plan for the biggest federal tax overhaul in 30 years.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Issues may also arise around Trump’s use of corporate resources for his campaign, or preferential payments by his campaign to his corporation.
Salon(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 优先的; 优先选择的; 特惠的
分布：优先的(45%)，特惠的(32%)，优待的(23%)
US [-ə'ren-] adjective [before noun]
■describes something you are given which is better than what other people receive 优先的；优待的，优惠的
• Inmates claimed that some prisoners had received preferential treatment. 犯人声称有些囚犯受到了优待。
• Single mothers have been given preferential access to council housing. 单亲妈妈被授予了优先享用公有住宅的权利。
adj. [税收] 优先的；选择的； [贸易] 特惠的；先取的
 - prior, underlying

Word: skew
Front: skew
[skju:] (宝 12018/20512 -1)
Vocabulary: skew
(once / 7534 pages)
vadj
To skew is to turn or place at an angle. When you build a house of cards, you must slightly angle, or skew each card, so structure will stand up.
From the Middle English skewen ("swerve"), this verb was born to describe things in the physical world. Nowadays, though, we encounter it more informally: If you're in advertising, you might skew (target, aim) your commercials toward a particular demographic. Even before that, you may collect some statistical data on your intended audience, and then make sure that data is accurate, because bad or irrelevant info might skew (distort, inaccurately depict) the results of your research.
WORD FAMILY
skew: skewed, skewing, skewness, skews
USAGE EXAMPLES
Threshold isn’t the only problem; mainstream imprints at big publishers already skew male and very, very white.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no point in playing in Week 17 when important starters are unavailable and the results become skewed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
On the basis of a skewed legal analysis that ignored pre-1967 Jewish claims, President Jimmy Carter called the settlements illegal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 斜的，歪的; [数学] 不对称的; [统计学] 歪斜，扭曲
vt. & vi. 歪曲; 曲解; 使歪斜
vi. 偏离，歪斜; 斜视
n. 歪斜; 斜交
时态：skewed, skewing, skews
分布：歪斜(58%)，歪轮(6%)，扭转(6%)，斜视(6%)，误解的)(6%)，斜交(歪斜(6%)，斜交的(不对称的(6%)，斜砌石)(6%)
→来自古诺斯法语 eskiuer,逃离，回避，来自古法语 eschiver,逃离，回避，词源同 eschew,askew. 后引申词义误导，偏离，以及比喻义歪曲，歪解等。
【记】和skewer（n 串肉扦）一起记住，一个是直的，一个是弯的。
verb transitive
■to cause something to be not straight or exact; to twist or distort 使歪斜；歪曲；使有误差
• The company's results for this year are skewed because not all our customers have paid their bills. 公司今年的业绩有误差，因为并非所有客户都已付款。
[skju:] adjective [after verb]
■not straight 歪斜的；有偏差的
n. 斜交； [计] 歪斜
 - heterotropic, obliqueness
adj. 斜交的； [计] 歪斜的
 - wobbly

Word: hangar
Front: hangar
[ˈhæŋə(r)] (宝 12040/12989 -1)
Vocabulary: hangar
(once / 5373 pages)
n
Use the word hangar to describe a structure used to house or a repair an aircraft. Think of it as a hangout for your Learjet.
If you need to hang up a shirt, you’ll want to use the word hanger (a device used for hanging clothing). If you want to park your jet plane, the word hangar is more appropriate. The two words are homophones, which means they’re pronounced the same way but have different spellings and meanings.
WORD FAMILY
hangar: hangars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Atlanta-based company stored its jets in a hangar next to a three-story waiting area with floors of Italian marble and a walk-in wine cooler.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Cox said the plane is kept at a hangar at the airfield, but the six people aboard the aircraft aren’t affiliated with OSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The museum, which will be built around a listed World War One hangar, will feature a purpose-built exhibition hall for the jet.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 飞机库，飞机棚
分布：飞机库(100%)
→来自法语hangar,棚屋，车棚，来自han-,家，词源同home,-gar,围栏，词源同garden.字母m,n音变，比较lamp,lantern.
【区】hanger（n 衣架）中间的e象衣服架子的钩
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a large building in which aircraft are kept 飞机库
n. [航] 飞机库；飞机棚
 - aerodome, garage

Word: misuse
Front: misuse
[ˌmɪsˈju:z] (雅 12039/9793 -1)
Back: vt. 使用…不当; 把…派作不正当的用途; 虐待; 滥用
时态：misused, misusing, misuses
分布：滥用(68%)，误用(32%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，use,使用。
错用;虐待(mis坏+use→用坏→错用)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
verb transitive /ˌmɪsˈjuːz/
■to use something in an unsuitable way or in a way that was not intended 错用，误用；滥用；盗用
• She was accused of misusing company funds. 她被指控盗用公司资金。
noun countable or uncountable /ˌmɪsˈjuːs/
■when something is used in an unsuitable way or in a way that was not intended 滥用
• This new computer system is completely unnecessary and a misuse of taxpayers' money. 这个新的电脑系统完全没有必要，是滥用纳税人的钱。
• the misuse of power/drugs 滥用权力／药物
vt. 滥用；误用；虐待
 - abuse, strain
n. 滥用；误用；虐待
 - punishment, abuse

Word: negligible
Front: negligible
[ˈneglɪdʒəbl] (研六托雅 12050/8612 -1)
Vocabulary: negligible
(once / 3510 pages)
adj
When something is meaningless or insignificant because it is so little, it's negligible. The amount of interest you'll get on your savings is negligible, so you might as well spend your money.
If you work really hard on something, but the praise you get for it is negligible, you won't try so hard next time. Besides meaning very small, negligible can mean unimportant or not worth paying attention to. If you get into a fender-bender, you've gotten into a car accident with negligible damage. School concert programs always offer a word of thanks to the principal and other members of the administration whose role in the concert seems to be negligible.
WORD FAMILY
negligible: negligibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The link between what bosses are paid and a company's financial performance is "negligible", new research finds.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
There are few alternatives to U.S. government bonds, with their negligible risk of default and positive yields.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
The occasional evidence of industry in the valleys and apartment blocks crowding the suburbs are but negligible distractions.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 可以忽略的; 微不足道的; 无足轻重的; 不足轻重
分布：微不足道的(59%)，可以忽略的(41%)
→来自neglect,忽视。引申词义可忽略的，微不足道的。
a.可忽略不计的,微不足道的In the selection the lecturer neglected the negligible negative reflection on the election.在选集中演讲者忽视了对选举的微不足道的消极反思.
adjective
■too slight or small in amount to be of importance 微不足道的，可忽略的，不重要的
• The difference between the two products is negligible. 两种产品之间的差异微乎其微。
• My knowledge of German is negligible. 我对德语只是略知一二。
minor, negligible, minimal, marginal
这组词都有“不重要的，次要的”的意思，其区别是：
minor: 多指与别的比较后显得不重要，或指较少、较小。
negligible: 指数量小，不重要，微不足道或可忽略不计。
minimal: 指最少、最低或最小。
marginal: 指处于边缘，幅度、范围小，故价值或重要性不大。
assessable, incredible, negligible, identifiable
assessable: 可估价的，可征收的
incredible: 难以置信的，惊人的
negligible: 可以忽略的，不予重视的
identifiable: 可以确定的
adj. 微不足道的， [数] 可以忽略的
 - bit, inappreciable

Word: mythic
Front: mythic
[ˈmɪθɪk] (12053/22198)
Back: adj. 神话的，虚构的
分布：形容词(100%)
→来自myth,神话。
ADJ
神话的;只存在于神话中的
Someone or something that is mythic exists only in myths and is therefore imaginary.
例：...the mythic figure of King Arthur.亚瑟王这一传奇人物
ADJ-GRADED
很著名的;很重要的
If you describe someone or something as mythic, you mean that they have become very famous or important.
例：...a team whose reputation has achieved mythic proportions...声名显赫的球队
例：His rapid rise to power has given him a near-mythic status in the industry.他迅速升任要职，这让他在业界近乎被神化了。
adj. 神话的；虚构的
 - fictitious, imaginary

Word: suspiciously
Front: suspiciously
[səˈspɪʃəsli] (12041/10070 -1)
Back: adv. 猜疑地，怀疑的; 疑心很深地; 引起怀疑地; 心怀鬼胎地，满腹狐疑地
分布：猜疑地(75%)，可疑地(25%)
adverb
DOUBT 怀疑的
 ADVANCED
■in a way that makes you think that something is wrong 猜疑地；怀疑地
• He looked at her suspiciously. 他满腹狐疑地看着她。
• The children are suspiciously quiet (= are so quiet that they are probably doing something wrong). 孩子们安静得让人起疑。
• His hair is suspiciously black (= looks darker than it should be, and is therefore probably not natural) for a man of his age. 以他这个年纪的人来说，他的头发黑得有些不太自然。
[sə'spɪʃ.ə.sli] adverb
SEEM GUILTY 可疑的
■in a way that makes you think someone is guilty of something wrong or illegal 可疑地；令人怀疑地
• The officers noticed two men acting suspiciously (= as if they were doing something wrong) in a car. 警官们注意到车里有两个人形迹可疑。
[sə'spɪʃ.ə.sli] adverb
SEEM LIKELY 看似
■in a way that makes you think something may be true 疑似地；看似地
• She brushed away what looked suspiciously like (= looked as if it probably was) a tear. 她擦去的好像是一滴眼泪。
adv. 怀疑地；猜疑地
 - skeptically, sceptically

Word: deliberate
Front: deliberate
[dɪˈlɪbərət] (研四六托雅宝 6343/4700 -K3)
Vocabulary: deliberate
(once / 149 pages)
adjv
To deliberate means to carefully think or talk something through — it also means slow and measured, the pace of this kind of careful decision making. If you chose deliberately, you make a very conscious, well-thought-through choice.
The verb deliberate ends with an "ate" sound — at the end of a trial, after the evidence is presented, the twelve members of a jury retreat to a room to deliberate, i.e., talk through the trial and come to a verdict. The adjective deliberate ends with an "it" sound. If you walk with a deliberate pace, you're slow and steady.
WORD FAMILY
deliberate: deliberated, deliberately, deliberateness, deliberates, deliberating, deliberatingly, deliberation, deliberative+/ deliberation: deliberations/deliberative: deliberatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Vision,” he adopts a slower, more deliberate tempo and constructs a weighty, imposing structure that builds in intensity.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Sovannara’s attorneys were not allowed to enter closing arguments, and justices deliberated for 15 minutes before returning with a conviction, according to Amnesty International.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Still, he became ill from the stress of the neighborhood and deliberated often whether to leave New York, he said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 故意的; 蓄意的; 深思熟虑的; 慎重的
vt. 权衡
vi. 熟虑; 商讨
时态：deliberated, deliberating, deliberates
分布：深思熟虑的(40%)，故意的(32%)，仔细考虑(15%)，从容不迫的(8%)，研讨(5%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-liber, 秤，称量，词源同Libra,equilibrium.引申义反复称量的，故意的。
a.深思熟虑的,故意的vt.研讨,商讨I deliberately liberated the man who was in despair and desperately struggled for liberation and liberty.我有意解放了那个拼命地争取解放和自由的绝望者.
【记】de去掉，liber自由－做事谨慎就缺乏自由
【参】deliberateness＝deliberation（n 故意；深思熟虑）liberality（n 自由，慷慨）；liberty（n 自由；特权）
【反】impetuous（adj 冲动的；激烈的）；precipitate（adj 突如其来的）；hasty（adj 匆忙的；草率的）
US [-ə˞-]
 IMPROVER
■(often of something bad) intentional or planned （常指坏事）有意的，故意的，蓄意的
• a deliberate attack/insult/lie 蓄意攻击／侮辱／说谎
• We made a deliberate decision to live apart for a while. 经过慎重考虑，我们决定分开居住一段时间。
■describes a movement, action or thought which is done carefully without hurrying 慢吞吞的；小心谨慎的；沉稳的
• From her slow, deliberate speech I guessed she must be drunk. 她说话慢吞吞的，我猜她肯定喝醉了。
verb intransitive or transitive /dɪˈlɪb.ə.reɪt/ formal
■to think or talk seriously and carefully about something 慎重考虑；仔细讨论
• The jury took five days to deliberate on the case. 陪审团花了五天时间对此案进行了慎重讨论。
• The committee has deliberated the question at great length. 委员会已经仔细讨论过这个问题了。
• [+ question word] He's deliberating wh ether or not to accept the new job that he's been offered. 他正在仔细考虑是否接受提供给他的这份新工作。
think, reason, muse, speculate, meditate, deliberate, reflect
这组词都有“思考、判断、思索”的意思，其区别是：
think: 一般用词，指开动脑筋形成看法或得出结论的脑力活动。不着重结论是否正确，见解是否有用。
reason: 指根据资料、证据或事实进行推断，作出结论或判断的逻辑思维活动。
muse: 通常指漫无目的地猜想。
speculate: 指推论过程，隐含在证据不足的基础上作出推测或设想。
meditate: 语气较强，指认真地长时间集中精力进行思考。
deliberate: 指缓慢、按部就班地作仔细而认真的思考或判断。
reflect: 指回想或回顾，侧重认真而冷静地反复地思考某个问题，尤指对已发生事情的思索。
adj. 故意的；深思熟虑的；从容的
 - intended, studied, designed, contained, conscious
vt. 仔细考虑；商议
 - negotiate, mull over

Word: facilitator
Front: facilitator
[fəˈsɪlɪteɪtə(r)] (12000/20872)
Vocabulary: facilitator
(once / 40066 pages)
n
If you're a facilitator, you're someone who helps other people get things done. I don't think we can finish this without a facilitator to guide us through the final phase.
Many Romance languages have a word descended from the Latin facile, "easy." If you're familiar with any of those, then facilitator will be easy for you to remember. All sorts of people need someone to who makes a process easier. During a negotiation, for example, the parties may call in a facilitator to help iron out their differences. If you've got a friend who can't seem to get their physics homework done, you can be a facilitator just by holding their hand through the toughest problem sets.
WORD FAMILY
facilitator: facilitators+/ facilitate: facilitated, facilitates, facilitating, facilitation, facilitative, facilitator, facilitatory/ facilitation: facilitations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Plum was the facilitator instead of the instigator for most of the night and especially during Washington’s dominant first-half run.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They provide referrals for the entire renovation team, including general contractor, painter, electrician, engineers, carpenter, sound and lighting specialists, permit facilitators and landscape architects.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Ball missed six of his first seven shots but still founds ways to help the Bruins, especially as a facilitator.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 促进者，帮助者; 服务商
分布：帮助者(50%)，推进者(50%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who helps a person or organization do something more easily or find the answer to a problem, by discussing things and suggesting ways of doing things 帮助者；协助者；诱导者（透过讨论、提出建议，帮助个人、组织提高效率或解决问题）
• I see my role as that of a facilitator, enabling other people to work in the way that suits them best. 我认为我的角色是诱导他人以最适合他们的方式工作。
n. 服务商；促进者
 - promoter, forwarder

Word: communist
Front: communist
[ˈkɒmjənɪst] (高四六 5543/2146 -4)
Vocabulary: communist
(once / 4014 pages)
adjn
Communism is a political doctrine that is an extreme form of Socialism, and anyone belonging to this particular political party is called a communist. A handful of countries call themselves communist, including China, Cuba, and North Korea — though many communists would disagree.
We can find the roots of the word communist in the Latin communis, meaning "common" or "shared." These meanings certainly apply to the ideal version of Communism, which means that everyone is equal, and no one has more than anyone else. It was first used in English as both a noun and an adjective in 1841, taken from the French communiste. In the mid-20th Century, division between the U.S. and its allies and those that were Communist formed what became the “Cold War.”
WORD FAMILY
communist: communists, post-communist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recent propaganda from the communist government intentionally released sensitive, military information.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Duterte, whose administration is holding peace talks with the communist rebels, said it was unlikely the Maoist guerrillas were involved.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Gauland was born during World War II in Chemnitz, a city that would become Karl-Marx-Stadt under East German communist rule.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 共产主义者，共产主义的支持者; 共产党党员; 巴黎公社社员
adj. 共产主义者的; 共产党的
分布：共产主义的(59%)，共产主义者(41%)
共产主义者(的)(commune共同,公社)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
N-COUNT
共产主义者
A communist is someone who believes in communism.
ADJ
共产主义的
Communist means relating to communism.
例：...the Communist Party.共产党

Word: grapefruit
Front: grapefruit
[ˈgreɪpfru:t] (12057/21773 -1)
Back: n. 葡萄柚，西柚; 葡萄柚树
分布：葡萄柚(95%)，葡萄柚树(5%)
→因形如葡萄成串成得名。
['greɪp.fru:t] (plural grapefruit or grapefruits)
noun countable
■a fruit which is like a large orange, but has a yellow skin and tastes less sweet 葡萄柚，西柚

Word: jolt
Front: jolt
[dʒəʊlt] (托雅宝 10838/14872 -1)
Vocabulary: jolt
(once / 1221 pages)
vn
To jolt someone is to disturb them or make them jump. A jolt is sudden and jarring.
Jolting disturbs or surprises people. If you surprise someone and they jump up a little, you jolted them. Alarm clocks jolt people out of sleep. A sudden crack of thunder could provide a jolt. The unexpected barking of a dog could jolt you. Jolting is quick and not very pleasant. A jolt jars and stuns you. Some jolts are more serious: crashing your car jolts the people in the car violently.
WORD FAMILY
jolt: jolted, jolting, jolts, jolty+/jolting: joltingly/jolty: joltily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Maryland political scene will experience an unexpected jolt when:
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
What may jolt even those who supported Mr. Trump is the extremity of Mr. Price’s views on women’s health.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Second, Indiana’s roads need long-overdue mending and rebuilding, an initiative that would deliver a positive jolt to the state’s economy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）摇动，（使）震惊; 使震惊; 使颠簸
vi. 摇晃，颠簸而行
n. 颠簸，摇，震惊，严重挫折; 震惊，引起震惊的事情; 突然的猛击; 意外的挫折
时态：jolted, jolting, jolts
分布：震动(26%)，颠簸(19%)，震摇(17%)，震惊(14%)，摇动(8%)，动摇(6%)，颠簸而行(5%)，少量(4%)，敲击(1%)
→可能来自中古英语jollen,击，打，连续猛击。引申词义震动，晃动。
【记】读：咒他－他把你的女朋友抢了，你就咒他被猝击。
US [dʒoʊlt] verb
MOVE SUDDENLY 突然移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (cause something or someone to) move suddenly and violently （使）震动，（使）猛然摇动
• The train stopped unexpectedly and we were jolted forwards. 火车突然停住了，我们都猛然向前晃了一下。
• The truck jolted along the rough track through the field. 卡车沿着田野里崎岖的小路颠簸前行。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] verb
SHOCK 震惊
transitive
■to shock someone in order to change their behaviour or way of thinking 使震惊
• The charity used photos of starving children in an attempt to jolt the public conscience (= make them feel guilty and take action). 慈善机构用饥饿儿童的照片来触发大众的良知。
jolt sb into/out of sth
■to give someone a sudden shock which forces them to act 使（某人）受到震惊（而采取行动）；使（某人）从…中觉醒
• The news about Sam's illness jolted her into action. 山姆生病的消息使她顿然醒觉，开始采取行动。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
MOVEMENT 动作
■a sudden violent movement 震动，剧烈晃动；颠簸
• As the plane touched the ground, there was a massive jolt and we were thrown forwards. 飞机着陆时剧烈震动，我们被猛地甩向前方。
• I woke up with a jolt as I thought I heard my bedroom door being pushed open. 我好像听到自己卧室的门被推开，猛地惊醒了。
UK [dʒəʊlt] US [dʒoʊlt] noun countable
SHOCK 震惊
■an unpleasant shock or surprise 震惊，惊讶
• His self-confidence took a sudden jolt with the news that he had not been selected. 他未能获选的消息使他的自信心遭受意外打击。
vt. 使颠簸；使震惊；使摇动
 - shock, surge
vi. 摇晃；颠簸而行
 - rock, roll
n. 颠簸；摇晃；震惊；严重挫折
 - shock, roll

Word: ram
Vocabulary: ram
(once / 1133 pages)
1n 2nv
A male sheep or goat is called a ram. If you're a fan of reading your horoscope, you might notice that Aries, usually considered the first sign of the zodiac, is represented by a ram.
Another kind of ram is a "battering ram," a tool for forcing a heavy door open or breaking a hole in a wall. This kind of ram comes from the male sheep and his powerful horns — and so does the verb ram: "I watched the rams ram their heads into each other as they battled over territory." Some word experts think the word stems from the Old Norse rammr, "strong."
WORD FAMILY
ram: rammed, rammer, ramming, rams+/rammer: rammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say he crashed after trying to ram a sheriff’s vehicle early Jan. 1.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Germany suffered its worst terror attack in years on Dec. 19 when Tunisian migrant Anis Amri rammed a truck into a busy Christmas market.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
He said he used them “sort of like a ram would use its horns” to fight other males over territory.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)

Word: lapel
Front: lapel
[ləˈpel] (12066/14692 -1)
Vocabulary: lapel
(once / 4917 pages)
n
A lapel is the front part of a jacket or suit coat that's folded back. Your jacket's lapel is connected to your collar.
Fancy or dressy men's clothing tends to have lapels — the tuxedo you wear to your uncle's wedding might have a satin lapel, for example. The suits that businessmen (and often women) wear also have lapels. Lapels come in different shapes and widths, although they almost always have a buttonhole on the left side, originally intended for wearing a flower. These days only prom- and wedding-goers tend to stick a flower in their lapel.
WORD FAMILY
lapel: lapels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage, he gravely smoothed his lapels, now a matter of concern.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We would talk about why he chose to photograph each look — the tailoring of a coat, the lapels, the color of the shoes.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Specifically, owners get a commemorative coin minted by the New United States of America and a metallic lapel pin of an alien’s hand.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （西服上衣或夹克的）翻领
分布：翻领(100%)
→词源同label,布条，标签。用来指衣服翻领。
noun countable
■a strip of cloth which is part of the front of a jacket or coat. It is joined to the collar and folded back onto the chest （西服上衣或外套的）翻领
• A flower was pinned to/in her lapel. 她的领子上别了一朵花。

Word: rapport
Front: rapport
[ræˈpɔ:(r)] (宝 12070/11444 -1)
Vocabulary: rapport
(once / 5618 pages)
n
Rapport is a good sense of understanding and trust. If you have good rapport with your neighbors, they won't mind if you kick your ball onto their property every now and then.
If you have rapport with someone, you two communicate with trust and sympathy. The word is often used to mean good interaction between people in different positions or roles such as parent and teacher, teacher and student, doctor and patient, supervisor and worker, or speaker and audience. It is always important to establish rapport with people you come into contact with regularly. Pronounce this borrowed word from the French ra-POOR.
WORD FAMILY
rapport: rapports
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mothers and daughters who watched them on Oprah saw a mutuality in their regard for one another, and reconciliation in their rapport.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
When you’re working with kids, you usually spend time with them beforehand building up rapport.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A Whole Foods shopper will not shop anywhere else, because they’ve established a rapport with the guy who cuts their meat.”
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 友好关系; 融洽，和谐
分布：关系(87%)，一致(7%)，亲善(6%)
→来自法语 rapporter,带回，来自 re-,往回，ap-,向，-port,带，承载，词源同 comport,portable. 引申词义恢复，融洽，和谐。
【记】读音酷似report，说明report和rapport之间有友好关系。
【反】discord（n 不一致；意见不合）
US [-'pɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with them 融洽；和谐；和睦的关系
• We'd worked together for years and developed a close/good rapport. 我们在一起工作多年，关系非常亲密／友好。
• She has an excellent rapport with her staff. 她和手下员工关系十分融洽。
n. 密切关系，交往；和谐一致
 - relations, society, affinity

Word: hack
Front: hack
[hæk] (宝 8227/8661 -2)
Vocabulary: hack
(once / 521 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5v 6v 7n 8n
To hack is to cut or chop something with short strong blows, like if you hack your way through a thick jungle with a machete. To hack is also to illegally break into someone’s computer.
The Old English root word is haccian, which means “to cut into pieces,” but hack also means to cough frequently. A tickle in your throat can make you hack. If you call someone a hack, you mean they’re not great at what they do — especially writing. A mediocre writer is called a hack. Once upon a time hack was short for “an ordinary horse,” and now it’s an insult for writers. No one wants to be a hack!
WORD FAMILY
hack: hacked, hacker, hacking, hacks+/ hacker: hackers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sareen got his start by hacking into webcams and turning them into body scanners.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“I’m not an email person myself,” Trump echoed during that infamous July news conference in which he invited Russia to hack Hillary Clinton’s email.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The document was intended to help companies mitigate Russian hacking and report any suspicious activity to the government.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 乱劈，乱砍; 开垦; 出租马车
n. 劈，砍; 干咳; 乘用马
时态：hacked, hacking, hacks
分布：雇佣文人(36%)，咳嗽(24%)，乱踢(16%)，劈或砍(16%)，供出租的马车(8%)
→来自keg,砍，劈，钩，词源同hook,haggle,hew.引申词义侵入别人的计算机，即黑掉。hack 供人骑的马，出租车，雇佣文人
【记】读：黑客－喜欢在别人的主页上乱侃（乱砍），当然有时候是受雇于人的，充当一下雇佣文人的角色，而雇佣文人写出文章的特点是陈腐平庸的，这主要是因为他们的眼睛看到的东西是陈腐平庸的hackneyed见下
verb
CUT 切
intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to cut into pieces in a rough and violent way, often without aiming exactly 砍，切，劈
• Three villagers were hacked to death in a savage attack. 三名村民在一场野蛮打斗中被砍死。
• Don't just hack (away) at the bread - cut it properly! 不要乱切面包——好好地切！
• The butcher hacked off a large chunk of meat. 屠夫砍下了一大块肉。
• figurative The article had been hacked about (= carelessly changed) so much it was scarcely recognizable. 被大刀阔斧地删改之后，这篇文章几乎面目全非了。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition UK
■in football and rugby, to kick the ball away or to foul (= act against the rules) by kicking another player in the leg （足球或橄榄球运动中）将（球）踢出，踢（人）犯规
• Platt was twice hacked down in the second half by the other team's sweeper. 普拉特在下半场两次被对方的自由中卫铲倒。
[hæk] verb
COMPUTING 电脑技术
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to get into someone else's computer system without permission in order to find out information or do something illegal 未经允许侵入他人的电脑系统（来窃取资讯或从事非法勾当）
• Computer hacking has become very widespread over the last decade. 电脑骇客现象在过去十年里非常普遍。
• A programmer had managed to hack into some top-secret government data. 一个程式设计师设法用骇客手段窃取了一些绝对机密的政府资料。
[hæk] verb
MANAGE 处理
transitive usually in negatives informal
■to manage to deal successfully with something 对付，处理
• I tried working on the night shift for a while, but I just couldn't hack it. 我试着上了一段时间的夜班，但还是受不了。
[hæk] verb
HORSE 马
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (also go hacking)
■to ride a horse in the countryside （在乡间）骑马
[hæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hack sb off mainly UK informal
■to make someone feel annoyed 激怒（某人）
• He leaves all the difficult stuff for me to do and it really hacks me off. 他把所有的难题都留给我，真把我惹恼了。
[hæk] noun countable
WRITER 作家 disapproving
■a journalist (= writer for newspapers or magazines) whose work is low in quality or does not have much imagination 雇佣文人（捉刀者； 写手）（指受雇为报刊撰写庸俗文章者）
• Fleet Street hacks 舰队街的写手
[hæk] noun countable
POLITICIAN 政客 disapproving
■a politician, especially one who is not important （尤指无足轻重的）政客
• tired old party hacks 迂腐的老政客
[hæk] noun countable
HORSE 马
■a ride on a horse in the countryside 乡间骑马
[hæk] noun countable
DRIVER/CAR 驾驶者／汽车 US informal
■(the driver of) a car which is available for rent, especially a taxi 供出租的汽车；计程车司机
hack, cut, chop
这组词都有“切、砍”的意思，其区别是：
hack: 指粗暴地乱剪、乱砍、乱劈。
cut: 普通用词，使用广泛。指用带刃工具的切、割、砍等的行动。
chop: 指用刀斧连续猛力砍某物，以便砍断、切碎。
n. 砍，劈；出租马车
 - chop, cab
vt. 砍；出租
 - rent, lease out
vi. 砍
 - chop

Word: tuxedo
Front: tuxedo
[tʌkˈsi:dəʊ] (宝 12061/27702)
Vocabulary: tuxedo
(once / 12601 pages)
n
Use the noun tuxedo to describe the dressy black suit that many men wear when they get married.
It's not prom night without one of these formal jackets for men, which take their name from Tuxedo Park, New York, near New York City. The place name tuxedo, according to one line of etymological inquiry, is from an Algonquian word for "wolf," p'tuksit, while other scholars guess that it simply means "crooked river," p'tuck-sepo. Either way, a tuxedo today can also be called a dinner jacket or even the slangy "monkey suit," just for fun.
WORD FAMILY
tuxedo: tuxedos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those in attendance drifted in under a yellow-and-white striped awning, the men dressed in tuxedos, the women in ballgowns, many with their hair swept high.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It was problematic, because I put on the tuxedo, I looked fantastic.”
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
As the Man in Black wallows in the dust, his self-destructive robot-baiting for naught, Ford pops up in a tuxedo.
The New Yorker(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. <美>餐服，无尾晚礼服
分布：名词(100%)
→来自 Tuxedo Park,19 世纪末纽约的社会上层人士和富人聚会的某乡村俱乐部，由于是私人聚 会，穿着既不能太正式，又不能太马虎，于是就发明了这种半正式的晚礼服。该名字词源不 详，可能是来自当地早期的印第安人土著语，词义可能为狼或熊。
【记】源于：塔克西多Tuxedo Park的一家乡村俱乐部，他们发明了Tuxedo coat，现在简称为tuxedo。
US [-doʊ] (plural tuxedos) (informal tux)
noun countable mainly US for dinner jacket
n. 男士无尾半正式晚礼服；无尾礼服
 - tux, dinner jacket

Word: compulsion
Front: compulsion
[kəmˈpʌlʃn] (宝 12079/9770 -1)
Vocabulary: compulsion
(once / 1703 pages)
1n 2n
Let's say you have a secret. You've promised not to tell, but there's something forcing you to call a friend and spill the beans. This force is compulsion, that urge to do something even though you know you shouldn't.
If you go back to the Latin, you find compulsus, the past participle of the verb compellere, "to compel." You can see the connection with our word compulsion, which means "something compelling." The word gained a more psychological meaning in 1909 in a translation of Freud’s studies, suggesting a type of neurosis that impels a person to do things in an obsessive manner.
WORD FAMILY
compulsion: compulsions+/ compel: compelled, compelling, compels, compulsion, compulsive / compelling: compellingly/ compulsive: compulsively, compulsiveness, compulsives, compulsivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Older titles include such favorites as “Beverly Hills Cop” and “National Lampoon’s Animal House,” and the classic drama “Compulsion” with Orson Welles.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
The problem, he continued, “is when the compulsion doesn’t achieve its purpose.”
The New Yorker(Nov 22, 2016)
The latest collision between the glorious variety of humanity and the dreary compulsion to split it into opposing pairs is in our attitude to gender.
The Guardian(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 强迫; 强制; 冲动; 打动人的力量
分布：强迫(53%)，强制(44%)，难以抗拒的冲动(3%)
→com-, 强调。-puls，推动，词源同pulse, compel.
强制(com共同+puls+ion→共同推→强制)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】com共同，puls推，冲－一堆人想把你推下去，这是一种强迫的行为，更是一种冲动。
【参】repulse（v 反击，击退）；repulsive（adj 排斥的）；compulsive（adj 强制的；禁不住的）；compulsory（adj 强制性的，命令性的＝compelling＝coercive）
noun
WANT 欲望
countable
■a very strong or uncontrollable wish (to do something repeatedly) 强烈冲动；强烈欲望，难以抗拒的欲望
• For many people, dieting is a compulsion. 许多人都有节食的冲动。
• [+ to infinitive] I seem to have a constant compulsion to eat. 我好像总有想吃东西的欲望。
[kəm'pʌl.ʃən] noun
FORCE 力量
[S or U]
■a force that makes you do something 强迫力，强制力
• He seems to be driven by some kind of inner compulsion. 他似乎受到某种内在力量的驱使。
• [+ to infinitive] We were under no compulsion to attend. 我们并不是非去参加不可。
• Don't feel under any compulsion to take me with you. 你不必感到必须带我跟你一起去。
⇒ See also compel
n. 强制； [心理] 强迫；强制力
 - enforcement, constraint, coercion

Word: unimaginable
Front: unimaginable
[ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbl] (托 12047/18623 -1)
Back: adj. 难以想象的，想不到的; 不能想像
分布：想象不到的(50%)，不能想象的(50%)
adjective
■describes something that is difficult to imagine because it is so bad, good, big, etc 难以想像的
• unimaginable pain/wealth 难以想像的痛苦／财富
incredible, incredulous, credulous, unimaginable, credible
incredible: adj 不可相信的（前两个含被动意味）；
incredulous: 不轻易相信的（后两个含被动意义）；
credulous: 轻信的，易受骗的；
unimaginable: 不能想象的，想不到的，难以理解的
credible: adj 可信的；
adj. 不可思议的；难以想像的
 - magic, mysterious, miraculous, fantastic

Word: fender
Front: fender
[ˈfendə(r)] (托宝 12080/8342 -1)
Vocabulary: fender
(once / 3505 pages)
n
A fender is the part of a car that protects and frames its wheels and keeps mud from splashing it. Most modern vehicles have fenders on their front wheels.
When you get into a minor car accident, you can call it a "fender bender," and it's possible that your fenders did get slightly dented. Another kind of fender guards or protects a ship, train, or streetcar; in the case of a train, this is also called a "cowcatcher," and it can actually push debris off the track to keep the train from hitting it. This 13th century word is a shortened form of defender.
WORD FAMILY
fender: fenders+/ fend: fended, fender, fending, fends, forefend/forefend: forefended, forefending, forefends
USAGE EXAMPLES
The turntable, the Technics SL-1200, may not enjoy the name recognition of, say, Fender electric guitars or Steinway pianos.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Neighbors still owns his first guitar, a black Fender that he purchased at a pawn shop for $300.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
With his flowing blond locks, denim gear and Fender Telecaster, Rick Parfitt was one of rock's most recognisable guitarists.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （车辆的）挡泥板; 防御物; 火炉围栏
分布：挡泥板(97%)，护舷的垫子等(3%)
【记】fend（vt 保护；挡开），er－挡泥板
US [-dɚ] noun countable
FIRE 火
■a low metal frame around an open fireplace which stops the coal or wood from falling out 壁炉围栏
UK ['fen.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
CAR 汽车 US for wing (PART OF CAR) or mudguard 挡泥板
n. （汽车等的） [建] [车辆] 挡泥板；防卫物；（暖炉的）炉围；（船只的） [船] 碰垫
 - mudapron, splashboard

Word: windfall
Front: windfall
[ˈwɪndfɔ:l] (宝 12082/15234 -1)
Vocabulary: windfall
(once / 3914 pages)
1n 2n
Lucky you! You just won the lottery and your windfall will make life very comfortable for you and your family. A windfall is a crazy bit of unexpected good fortune.
First used in the fifteenth century, the word windfall originally referred to fruit that the wind blew from the trees. Like a prize was there for whomever found it — no need for the ladder and effort of picking it from the tall trees. The word eventually came to mean any unexpected and easily-gained good fortune, typically one involving money, such as the windfall profit from a lucky stock purchase.
WORD FAMILY
windfall: windfalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
I would conduct it at her cottage, another windfall since it meant seeing where her daughter Carrie lived, too.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
One of the most popular football players of all time, a crazy premonition, and a windfall of money.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
But that hasn’t meant a windfall for hospitals, according to hospital officials.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 意外之财; 意外的收获; 被风吹落的果子
分布：意外的收获(54%)，侥幸所得(33%)，风吹落的果实(13%)
US [-fɑ:l] noun countable
MONEY 意外的钱财
■an amount of money that you win or receive from someone unexpectedly 意外之财
• Investors each received a windfall of £3000. 每位投资者都获得3000英镑的意外之财。
• The government is hoping to collect a windfall tax (= extra tax on a large unexpected company profit) from British Electric. 政府打算针对英国电气公司获得的大笔意外利润征收额外的税款。
UK ['wɪnd.fɔ:l] US [-fɑ:l] noun countable
FRUIT 水果
■a piece of fruit blown down from a tree 被风吹落的水果
• I tend to leave the windfalls for the birds to pick at. 我常常会把被风吹落的水果留给鸟啄食。

Word: gilded
Front: gilded
[ˈgɪldɪd] (12081/12045)
Vocabulary: gilded
(once / 809 pages)
adj
Something gilded looks like gold, whether it is or not. If you've heard the expression "all that glitters is not gold," it's especially true of anything gilded.
You might have first heard the word gilded in the name of an historical period in the U.S. known as The Gilded Age; the name suggests that the appearance of wealth concealed actual poverty. Gilded is often used to point out illusion in this way, but if no illusion is intended, it need not be a negative word. I think the gilded doves in your painting are especially lovely.
WORD FAMILY
gild: gilded, gilder, gilding, gilds+/gilder: gilders/gilding: gildings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They appeared on a giant rooster statue, just above some three-toed feet and a blood-red wattle that hangs below a gilded nose and mouth.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And in still another, a king’s daughter is said to be “as blond as lily pollen and the slightly gilded silver of ancient altar vases.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
For reasons I fear are obvious, books from and about America’s original Gilded Age seem newly compelling.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 镀金的; 涂上金色的; 装饰的; 有钱的
v. 把…镀金( gild的过去式和过去分词 ); 给…上金色; 作多余的修饰（反而破坏原已完美的东西）; 画蛇添足
分布：镀金的(78%)，富有的(17%)，动词gild的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
adjective
[before noun]
■covered with a thin layer of gold or a substance that looks like gold; gilt 镀金的；有金色涂层的；涂成金色的
• The gilded dome of the cathedral rises above the city. 大教堂的金色穹顶高耸于城市上空。
■literary
■rich or of a higher social class 富有的；上流社会的，上层阶级的
• The story revolves around the gilded youth of the 1920s and their glittering lifestyles. 故事围绕一群20世纪20年代的上流社会公子哥儿，及其奢华靡丽的生活方式。
adj. 镀金的，装饰的；富有的
 - rich, wealthy

Word: papal
Front: papal
[ˈpeɪpl] (12068/6785 -1)
Vocabulary: papal
(once / 815 pages)
adj
Anything papal has to do to with the Pope, such as papal orders or papal ceremonies.
The Catholic Church is led by the Pope. His office is the papacy, and anything that is ordered by the Pope or involving the Pope can be called papal. The papal robes are ornamental and beautiful. The power of the Pope can be called the papal authority. Someone who represents the Pope is a papal representative. Anything papal can also be referred to as pontifical or apostolic, since the Pope is considered the modern version of Jesus' apostles.
WORD FAMILY
papal: papally+/antipope: antipopes/pope: antipope, papal, popery, popes, popish/popery: poperies, poperys/popish: popisher, popishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Queues often stretch right along the outside of the papal palace complex.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
But then he recalled his own words during his first papal greeting in 2013, when he said: “Old age is the thirst for knowledge.”
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Under a new papal decree, all senior church officials working in the Vatican now automatically lose their jobs on their 80th birthday.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 教皇的; 教皇职位或权力的; 罗马教廷的; 教皇任期的
分布：罗马教皇的(84%)，与罗马教皇或教皇制度有关的(16%)
→来自papa,教皇。
adjective
■connected with the position or authority of the pope (= the leader of the Roman Catholic church) 教宗的
• a papal messenger/announcement/election 教宗的使者／公告／选举
adj. 教宗的；罗马教皇的；教皇制度的
 - popish

Word: dissolution
Front: dissolution
[ˌdɪsəˈlu:ʃn] (12023/6684)
Vocabulary: dissolution
(once / 977 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The dissolution of a relationship means that it's broken up or ended. The dissolution of your band means you better get started on your solo album.
Dissolution comes from the Latin word dissolutio, meaning "a dissolving of something." Dissolution looks very similar to "dissolve," so to help you remember the meaning, think about what happens if you put paper in water — it breaks apart. A dissolution of a marriage is the same thing as divorce. Although it sounds like disillusion, if you try to use them interchangeably, your logic will fall apart.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
disillusion / dissolution
To disillusion someone is to rid her of an illusion, like lifting up the curtain to show that the wizard is just a man. Dissolution, on the other hand, is when everything falls apart. Both are disappointing.
The verb disillusion needs an object, as in you have to disillusion someone. Toto accidently disillusions Dorothy of her belief in the magical wizard. (The word is more common as an adjective, as in poor disillusioned Dorothy.) It's also a noun, when it's a feeling of disillusion, a loss of enchantment. Here are two examples:
He has raised expectations so high that whatever he does as PM is bound to disillusion some.  (Ottawa Sun)
My disillusion was growing and I was relieved when they laid me off with a generous severance. (New Internationalist Magazine)
Dissolution, always a noun, is like disintegration. There could be the dissolution of a marriage, band, political party — and if you're Edgar Allan Poe — human body. In "Masque of the Red Death," Poe describes the symptoms of the Red Death: "There were sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse bleeding at the pores, with dissolution." Yikes. Most examples of dissolution aren't as exciting:
The singer's wife had filed for dissolution of marriage in September last year, according to San Diego Superior Court documents. (BBC)
Until its dissolution in January 1994, the Christian Democratic Party dominated, furnishing all but three postwar prime ministers. (New York Times)
Although the words sound alike, the difference is after the "dis" (meaning "not"): disillusion is not an illusion, and dissolution is not a solid solution, it breaks up like paper in water.
WORD FAMILY
dissolution: dissolutions+/ dissolve: dissolution, dissolvable, dissolved, dissolvent, dissolver, dissolves, dissolving/dissolved: undissolved/dissolvent: dissolvents/dissolver: dissolvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cook County court records show that Jesse Jackson Jr. filed a petition for dissolution of marriage Monday citing “irreconcilable differences.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
The protests led to the dissolution of the SDP government.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 11, 2016)
With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Mr. Castro faced one of his biggest challenges: surviving without huge Communist subsidies.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 溶解，融化; （社团等）解散; <律> 离婚; 腐朽，崩溃
分布：溶解(56%)，解散(29%)，解体(11%)，瓦解(3%)，破裂(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-solut, 松开，词源同solve. 即松散开，引申词义四分五裂，解体，解除。
溶解;毁灭(dis+solut+ion)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
noun uncountable
■the act or process of ending an official organization or legal agreement （官方组织的）解散；（法律合约的）解除
• the dissolution of parliament 议会的解散
n. 分解， [化学] 溶解；（议会等的）解散；（契约等的）解除；死亡
 - analysis, solution, death, decomposition, end

Word: endemic
Front: endemic
[enˈdemɪk] (宝 12069/11941 -1)
Vocabulary: endemic
(once / 7425 pages)
adjn
If you want to underscore just how commonly found and present something is within a particular place, try the word endemic. Tight pants are endemic in my lunch room!
Although endemic meaning "prevalent" often describes a plant or disease, it can also refer to something less tangible and more unwanted such as violence or poverty. Many complain of endemic corruption in the local government. Despite its -ic ending, endemic can also be used as a noun to signify a plant or animal that is prevalent in a certain region. If an endemic is brought to another area which it takes over, destroying the local population, it's classified as an invasive species. And researchers have cataloged several new African endemics.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
endemic / epidemic
Endemic and epidemic are both words that diseases love, but something endemic is found in a certain placeand is ongoing, and epidemic describes a disease that's widespread.
A disease that is endemic is found in a certain geographic region or in a specific race of people. Malaria is endemic to parts of Africa because it's hot and skeeters love it. Tay-Sachs is a genetic disease endemic to Jews and French Canadians. On the brighter side, a plant or animal can also be described as endemic to a region. If it's in the system, it's endemic:
Many relief workers who came to Haiti lived in South Asia, where cholera was endemic. (New York Times)
Catalina endemic plants are species that occur naturally on Catalina Island and nowhere else in the world. (Catalina Island Conservancy)
Epidemic describes a disease that is widespread, affecting an "atypically large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time," according to the Merriam-Webster Medical Dictionary. The disease, however eventually subsides. Here are some epidemics:
The Sunshine Coast is in the midst of a whooping cough epidemic with an average of three new cases presenting every day this year. (Sunshine Coast Daily)
But we're still talking about a huge epidemic in this country where more than half a million babies are born each year preterm. (Time)
An endemic disease is restricted to a place, as with malaria, or a people, as with Tay-Sachs. An epidemic disease may happen in a specific place, but it can spread beyond that place, as with asthma or AIDS.
WORD FAMILY
endemic: endemical, endemically, endemics, endemism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Endemic species are those that live in that country and nowhere else.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
One approach available to everyone is to forcefully reject the “just trolling,” “just joking,” and “just saying words” excuses so endemic in 2016.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Al-Qaisi, a veteran journalist and an employee of the Iraqi Culture Ministry, is considered one of the critics of the country’s endemic corruption.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 某地特有的; （尤指疾病）地方性的; 风土的; （动，植物）某些特产的
n. 地方病; 某地特产的植物[动物]
分布：地方病(76%)，风土的(9%)，地方的(9%)，风土病(6%)
→en-, 进入，使。-demic, 人民，区域，词源同demotic, democracy.
本地的;地方性的(en在....内+dem+ic→在人民内→地方性的)[dem(o)=people,表示"人民,人们"]
【记】en进入，dem人民－进入人民之内－地方性的
【参】epidemic（adj 流行的；传染的）；pandemic（adj 全国流行的）
【反】exotic（adj 异国情调的；奇异的）；foreign（adj 外国的；外来的）
adjective
■especially of a disease or a condition, regularly found and very common among a particular group or in a particular area （尤指疾病或情况）地方性的；（在某地或某些人中）特有的，流行的
• Malaria is endemic in many of the hotter regions of the world. 疟疾流行于世界上许多气候较炎热的地区。
• The disease is endemic among British sheep/ to many British flocks. 这种疾病在英国羊只中／很多英国羊群中流行。
• There is endemic racism/poverty/violence in many of the country's cities. 该国很多城市中，种族主义猖獗／贫困现象普遍／暴力肆虐。
adj. [医] [内科] 地方性的； [生物] 风土的
 - provincial, local

Word: anesthesia
Front: anesthesia
[ˌænəsˈθi:ziə] (托 12058/-)
Vocabulary: anesthesia
(once / 8961 pages)
n
Anesthesia is a drug that numbs part of your body or makes you unconscious so that you don't experience pain during a procedure like surgery.
Anesthesia, pronounced "an-es-THEE-zhuh," comes from the Greek word anaisthetos, meaning "without sensation." There are two kinds of anesthesia: local anesthesia numbs just part of your body, like when a dentist numbs your mouth before filling a cavity. General anesthesia makes you unaware and free of all sensation, like when you are having your spleen removed.
WORD FAMILY
anesthesia: anesthesias, anesthetist+/ anesthetic: anesthesia, anesthetics, anesthetise, anesthetize /anesthetist: anesthetists/ anesthetize: anesthetized, anesthetizes, anesthetizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, with anesthesia and muscle relaxants, such reactions are rare.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
General anesthesia is often used in children for tonsillectomies, placing of ear tubes and some gastrointestinal procedures -- surgeries that generally last less than two hours.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Their training will focus on areas including high-risk pregnancies, anesthesia and ultrasounds.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 感觉缺失，麻木; 麻醉
分布：麻醉(98%)，麻木(2%)
麻醉(an没有+esthes+ia病→没有感觉的病→麻醉)[a)esthet=feeling,表示"感觉"]
【反】sensation（n 感觉）
/-ʒə] noun uncountable mainly US for anaesthesia （通常指被施用药物后的）麻醉状态
n. [外科] 麻醉；麻木（等于anaesthesia）
 - anaesthesia, narcosis

Word: devotee
Front: devotee
[ˌdevəˈti:] (宝 12085/14465 -1)
Vocabulary: devotee
(once / 1690 pages)
n
Devotee is a fancy word for "fan." Some people are superfans of Katy Perry. Others save their love and adoration for Mozart. Either way, they are huge devotees of the musicians they love.
People are called devotees because they're particularly devoted to something. Be it hot yoga, fluffy cats or chocolate cake, a devotee is an ardent follower. In the traditional sense this word was reserved for the extremely devout, who were devoted to their religion. But these days you can be a devotee of just about anything.
WORD FAMILY
devotee: devotees+/ devote: devoted, devotee, devotes, devoting, devotion / devoted: devotedest, devotedly, devotedness/ devotion: devotional, devotions/devotional: devotionally, devotionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
Devotees urged Panasonic to bring the machine back, starting an online petition that eventually collected more than 27,000 names.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And finally, a few names for Fantasy Football devotees to avoid.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
To devotees of British comic opera, “The Mikado” is one of the pinnacles of the genre.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 热爱者，迷恋者; 皈依者; 信徒
分布：爱好者(70%)，献身者(20%)，虔诚的宗教信徒(10%)
献身者(dexote献身)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■a person who strongly admires a particular person or is extremely interested in a subject （狂热的）崇拜者，爱好者
• He is a great devotee of the Prime Minister. 他是首相的狂热崇拜者。
• devotees of cricket 板球爱好者
n. 信徒；爱好者
 - Christian, lover, fan, believer

Word: resin
Front: resin
[ˈrezɪn] (托宝 12072/10305 -1)
Vocabulary: resin
(once / 2391 pages)
n
Resin is a sticky substance that oozes out of trees including fir and pine trees. Because resin is insoluble in water, it's useful as a base in different kinds of glue and varnishes.
Resin can be found in many materials from varnishes and cement to incense and other therapeutic products. Musicians add resin to the bows of their string instruments to help them get a little more friction. Ballet dancers coat the bottoms of their slippers in resin powder for a similar reason — to keep from slipping on the floor while they dance.
WORD FAMILY
resin: resinate, resinlike, resinoid, resinous, resins, resiny+/resinate: resinated, resinates/resinous: non-resinous, nonresinous, resinously/resiny: non-resiny, nonresiny
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They drain the resin that otherwise defends the tree,” said Matt Ayres, a Dartmouth College ecologist who worked on the Ecological Applications study.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Frankincense is more treelike, and its resin is milky, creating cloudy white marbles when dried.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Once the resin is collected, women sort the chunks by color and size.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 树脂; 合成树脂; 松香
vt. 用树脂处理; 涂擦树脂于
分布：树脂(97%)，松香(2%)，涂树脂(1%)
→来自拉丁语 resina,树脂。
【记】re反复，sin（n 罪孽）：反复犯了罪孽就会被树脂做成琥珀
noun uncountable
■a thick sticky substance that is produced by some trees and that becomes yellow and hard after it is collected, or any of various similar substances produced chemically for use in industry 树脂；合成树脂，人工树脂
• pine resin 松脂
n. [树脂] 树脂；松香
 - colophony, pitch
vt. [树脂] 涂树脂；用树脂处理
 - roset

Word: stinging
Front: stinging
['stɪŋɪŋ] (12086/12211)
Back: adj. 刺一样的，刺人的，激烈的
v. 螫伤，刺伤( sting的现在分词 ); 感到剧痛; 激怒; 使不安
分布：激烈的(44%)，刺人的(38%)，动词sting的现在分词.(9%)，刺一般的(9%)
VERB
刺;叮;蜇
If a plant, animal, or insect stings you, a sharp part of it, usually covered with poison, is pushed into your skin so that you feel a sharp pain.
例：The nettles stung their legs...荨麻扎了他们的腿。
例：I jumped as if I had been stung by a scorpion...我像被蝎子蜇了似的跳了起来。
N-COUNT
(昆虫、动物的)螫刺，螫针，刺
The sting of an insect or animal is the part that stings you.
例：Remove the bee sting with tweezers.用镊子拔掉蜜蜂的螫刺。
N-COUNT
刺伤;叮伤;蜇痛
If you feel a sting, you feel a sharp pain in your skin or other part of your body.
例：This won't hurt — you will just feel a little sting.这不痛——你只会感觉到像被轻轻叮了一下。
V-ERG
(使)感到刺痛;(使)感到灼痛
If a part of your body stings, or if a substance stings it, you feel a sharp pain there.
例：His cheeks were stinging from the icy wind...刺骨的寒风吹得他脸颊生疼。
例：Never put any essential oils near the eyes. They are very strong and could sting...千万不要将任何精油抹到眼睛周围。它们有很强的刺激性，可能会使眼睛产生刺痛感。
VERB
(言谈)刺痛，刺伤，惹恼
If someone's remarks sting you, they make you feel hurt and annoyed.
例：He's a sensitive lad and some of the criticism has stung him...他是个敏感的小伙子，有些批评刺痛了他。
例：She burst into tears, stung by the harshness of his words.他那番严厉无情的话让她伤心得大哭起来。
N-COUNT
(警方为抓捕罪犯精心设计的)圈套
A sting is a clever secret plan carried out by the police in order to catch criminals.
例：The police ran a sting operation to crack down on illegal guns.警方展开诱捕行动以严打非法枪支。
例：...a sting set by the FBI.美国联邦调查局设下的圈套
PHRASE
煞风景的结局;令人不愉快的结尾
If an announcement or decision has a sting in the tail or a sting in its tail, it contains a critical and unpleasant part, normally at the end.
PHRASE
减少麻烦;减轻不愉快
If something takes the sting out of a situation, it makes it less unpleasant.
adj. 激烈的；刺人的；刺一样的
 - acute, furious

Word: literate
Front: literate
[ˈlɪtərət] (研托宝 12067/12088 -1)
Vocabulary: literate
(once / 668 pages)
adjn
If you're literate you can read and write, and since you're reading this, that's what you are.
Literate can also mean more than just being able to read and write, but being really fluent in a field. If you're "computer literate," you know how to use a computer with ease. If you're up on the latest advances in science, you're "scientifically literate." If people describe you admiringly as literate, they think you're widely read and know a lot about lots of different fields. The opposite of literate is illiterate.
WORD FAMILY
literate: illiterate, literacy, literately, literates, nonliterate, preliterate, semiliterate+/ illiteracy: illiteracies/ illiterate: illiteracy, illiterately, illiterates/ literacy: literacies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He called the "Ghostbusters" star "barely literate" and accused her of playing the victim when she complained about being harassed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A literate epic that utilizes both pageantry and splendid language, "Lion" — now digitally restored — was nominated for seven Oscars, including best picture, in 1969.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“Before that, I was not very literate in that world.”
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有读写能力的; 有文化修养的
n. 识字的人; 有学问的人
分布：有读写能力的(25%)，精通文学的(20%)，识字的人(17%)，受过教育的人(13%)，博学的(13%)，博学的人(6%)，优美的(6%)
→来自拉丁语litera,书写，字母，词源同letter.引申词义有读写能力的。
识字的(liter+ate)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
【参】literati（n 文人；文学界）
US ['lɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■able to read and write 识字的，会读写的
■having knowledge of a particular subject, or a particular type of knowledge 掌握（某个领域或某方面）知识的；通晓…的
• computer literate 懂电脑的
adj. 受过教育的；精通文学的
 - educated
n. 学者
 - student, scholar, academic

Word: battleground
Front: battleground
['bætlɡraʊnd] (高 12109/18831 -1)
Vocabulary: battleground
(once / 6574 pages)
n
A battleground is a piece of land on which a war or battle is fought. You can visit many of the battlegrounds of the US Civil War.
The literal meaning of battleground is just what it sounds like: the ground on which a battle has been waged. You can also use the word for the site of a figurative battle, like an election or a vote on a controversial issue. "Battleground states" are those in which the vote between two parties could swing either way, since neither holds a firm majority.
WORD FAMILY
battleground: battlegrounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
The DRC’s restive east remains a battleground for rival ethnic militias, with a recent upsurge of violence there a concern to many experts.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Both ads debuted on Sept. 16 — National Prisoners of War Remembrance Day — and played in heavy rotation in Ohio, Pennsylvania and other battleground states.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
SINGAPORE—A new battleground is emerging for China’s internet companies: a fast-growing market with almost double the U.S. population.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 战场; 论争的主题
分布：战场(98%)，战地(2%)
US ['bætˌ-] noun countable
■a battlefield
n. 战场
 - field, ground

Word: supplant
Front: supplant
[səˈplɑ:nt] (托宝 12090/14209 -1)
Vocabulary: supplant
(once / 1568 pages)
v
Kate was out sick for a month with mono, and when she came back to school, Jessie had supplanted her as the funny girl at the lunch table. Supplant means to take the place of.
Being supplanted is something that often happens to ideas or ways of thinking. Encouraging children's freedom has supplanted old ideas about children being better seen than heard. After a shocking upset at Wimbledon, a new tennis player has supplanted the reigning champion.
WORD FAMILY
supplant: supplanted, supplanter, supplanting, supplants+/ supplanter: supplanters/supplanting: supplantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Carter, punk, and the expansive cultural impulse that brought this random family together are about to be supplanted by the Reagan era.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The metallic digits on this lumbering monstrosity are clearly intended to supplant the dexterity and fine motor control found in the human fingertips.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
He shined during offseason workouts and training camp, supplanting Josh Kline, who was released in September.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…排挤掉，取代; 代替
时态：supplanted, supplanting, supplants
分布：取代(87%)，排挤(13%)
→来自拉丁语 supplantare,掀翻，来自 sub,向下，planta,脚掌，来自 plat,平的，词源同 flat, 平的，plantar,脚底的。字面意思即踩在脚底下，引申词义代替，取代。
排挤,取代(sup+plant种植→种在下面,把上面的取代)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
取代,排挤(sup在下面+plant→在下面种上东西把上面的取代掉)[Plant=plant,表示"种植"]
【记】sup下面，plant种植－在下面种植自己的势力－取代
US [-'plænt] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to replace 取代，代替
• In most offices, the typewriter has now been supplanted by the computer. 在大多数办公室中，打字机现在都已经被电脑取代了。
• Small children can often feel supplanted in their parents' affections (= that their parents no longer like them as much) when a new brother or sister is born. 当弟弟或妹妹出生后，小孩子常常会觉得自己在父母心中的地位被取代了。
vt. 代替；排挤掉
 - replace, substitute for

Word: religiously
Front: religiously
[rɪˈlɪdʒəsli] (12088/20003)
Vocabulary: religiously
(once / 2972 pages)
1adv 2adv
If you do something religiously, you can be relied on to do it on a regular basis. If you never forget to floss your teeth at night, no matter how tired you are, you can say you floss religiously.
You might go to church religiously, every single Sunday, but an activity doesn't need to be religious for you to do it religiously. Religion is the key to this adverb's origin — it originally meant just "in a religious manner." But these days you can use it to describe any activity you're devoted to, whether it's religiously watching your favorite TV show or drinking a cup of tea religiously every afternoon.
WORD FAMILY
religious: irreligious, religiosity, religiouses, religiousism, religiously, religiousness+/coreligionist: coreligionists/irreligion: irreligionist/irreligionist: irreligionists/ irreligious: irreligiously, irreligiousness/ religion: coreligionist, irreligion, religionism, religions, religious /religionism: religionist/religionist: religionists/religiosity: religiosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony Pinn, a Rice University religious studies professor, described the prosperity gospel “as a way to religiously rationalize material acquisition.”
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Overall, about half of Americans celebrate the holiday religiously, and about 32 percent say they celebrate culturally.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“Police were able to establish the man’s actions were not politically, religiously or ideologically motivated,” police said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 笃信地，虔诚地
分布：虔诚地(48%)，笃信地(30%)，审慎地(15%)，有规律地(7%)
adverb
■in ways or subjects relating to religion 宗教方面地；宗教上
• India is quite diverse, both politically and religiously. 印度是个非常多元化的国家，无论从政治上还是宗教上都是如此。
■informal
■If you do something religiously, you do it regularly 经常地；很有规律地
• He visits his mother religiously every week. 他每周都定期去探望他母亲。
adv. 虔诚地，笃信地
 - piously, prayerfully

Word: seeming
Front: seeming
[ˈsi:mɪŋ] (12055/18479)
Back: adj. 表面上的，似乎真实的
n. 外观，外貌，表象
v. 好像，仿佛( seem的现在分词 )
分布：表面上的(64%)，外观(36%)
→seem,看来，似乎，-ing,形容词后缀。引申词义表面上的，貌似的。
formal
adjective [before noun]
■appearing to be something, especially when this is not true 貌似…的；看似…的；（尤指）表面上的
• He said, with seeming embarrassment, that he would have to cancel the meeting. 他看起来有些尴尬地说，他将不得不取消会议。
n. 外观
 - surface, face, outside, garment, exterior appearance
adj. 表面上的
 - apparent, lip-deep

Word: conduit
Front: conduit
[ˈkɒndjuɪt] (宝 12054/15507 -1)
Vocabulary: conduit
(once / 3751 pages)
n
Instead of complaining about your chores, be grateful for the conduit, or pipe, that brings water to your home. Thanks to it, you don't have to go fetch water from the well whenever your mom wants a cup of coffee.
The noun conduit comes from root words meaning "pipe," and the word retains this definition. For example, a channel between a reservoir and a water treatment plant could be called a conduit. Conduit can also be used in a figurative sense to refer to someone or something that conveys goods, information, or ideas. For instance, a religious leader might be seen as a conduit who brings divine messages to the people.
WORD FAMILY
conduit: conduits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday as he tried to cross Conduit Boulevard in East New York.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The government argues that the 1972 Act is a "conduit" - simply a vehicle by which rights and obligations arrive in UK law.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
If high singing remains a conduit for human truth, the future will always belong to those who reach highest.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. [电]导管; 水道，沟渠
分布：导管(73%)，水管(15%)，沟渠(12%)
【记】con共同，du拼：渡，it它：大家一起渡过它（水沟）
US ['kɑ:n.du:-] noun countable
■a pipe or passage for water or electrical wires to go through （水、电线等的）管道，导管
n. [电] 导管；沟渠；导水管
 - catheter, ductus

Word: teddy
Front: teddy
['tedɪ] (10599/10084 -1)
Back: n. 妇女连衫衬裤; 泰迪玩具熊; 特迪
分布：妇女连衫裤(100%)
noun countable
TOY 玩具 (also teddy bear)
■a soft toy bear 玩具熊
['ted.i] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■a piece of women's underwear for the upper body 女用连衫衬裤

Word: mammogram
Front: mammogram
[ˈmæməgræm] (12098/-)
Back: n. 乳房X线照片
分布：乳房X线照片(100%)
→mammo-,乳房，-gram,写，记录。用于指乳房X光检查。
noun countable (also mammograph)
■an X-ray photograph of the breasts 乳房X光片

Word: suspense
Front: suspense
[səˈspens] (托雅宝 12056/14922 -1)
Vocabulary: suspense
(once / 619 pages)
n
Suspense is a feeling of excited waiting. If you have been waiting for weeks to get an answer to your proposal of marriage, you are being kept in suspense.
The verb form, suspend, literally means to keep hanging. Suspense can be used in all sorts of ways. Movies that keep you on the edge of your seat in fear use suspense to draw you in. Suspense doesn’t always have to be scary, but it is usually agitating. If you are in suspense, you’re waiting on something that you really have to know.
WORD FAMILY
suspense: suspenseful, suspenses+/suspenseful: suspensefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
“But I’m agog at how little he cares about storytelling conventions, like suspense and reveals. He’s ultimately more experimental than I am.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Dividing stories into units of time, into hours and days, is a familiar structuring device, sometimes used for suspense or to create a countdown.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Elsewhere, time hurtles ahead: unpredictable harmonic schemes generate suspense at every turn of this most familiar of stories.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 悬而未决，含糊不定; 焦虑，挂念; 悬念; 中止，暂停
分布：悬念(62%)，悬疑(28%)，焦虑(10%)
→suspend,悬，挂，吊，-s,过去分词格。引申词义悬念，焦虑等。
担心;悬而不决(sus+pense挂→一颗心挂着)[sus-表示"在…下面"]
悬念;悬而未决(sus+pense→挂着[一颗心]→悬念)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
noun uncountable
■the feeling of excitement or nervousness which you have when you are waiting for something to happen and are uncertain about what it is going to be 悬念，焦虑，担心
• She kept him in suspense for several days before she said that she would marry him. 她让他焦虑地等了好几天，才告诉他愿意嫁给他。
• The suspense is killing me (= I am extremely eager to know what is going to happen). 真是急死我了。
• There is a gradual build-up of suspense throughout the film, until it comes to an unexpected ending. 这部电影自始自终一步步加深悬念，最后的结局非常出人意料。
n. 悬念；悬疑；焦虑；悬而不决
 - anxiety, solicitude

Word: parity
Front: parity
[ˈpærəti] (宝 12077/10431 -1)
Vocabulary: parity
(once / 1257 pages)
1n 2n
All things being equal, parity means, basically, equality. It’s used in finance, physics, math, and even sports. When people talk about parity in a football league, for example, they mean the teams are evenly matched. Go, evenly matched team, go!
Parity comes from the same Latin root as pair, which is par, for “equal.” Parity is an equal amount of something, or an equal rank or skill level between people or teams. During the Cold War, the word parity was used to describe the equal amount of resources the US and the USSR had. So now it also means an equal amount between enemies, which is probably why sportscasters love it.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
parody / parity
They're different, but when these words are said out loud it's hard to tell them apart. A parody is a silly spoof and parity is equality, and that's no joke.
A parody turns making fun of something into an art form. Imitating the way someone talks or writes is a parody. Broken down into its Greek roots, it's para for "beside," and ode as in "song," which forms paroidia for a "burlesque song or poem." A parody isn't as risqué as a burlesque, but it's definitely supposed to be funny. Here are some examples of the word:
"He's also a professed fan of the 1960s spy parody ‘Get Smart.'" (Washington Times)
"The online parody shows a player pretending to be J.J." (Los Angeles Times)
"From a Saturday Night Live hosting gig to a parody Twitter account, the ‘Girls' star is everywhere." (Time)
When there's parity, things are even-steven. Parity means equality. It even has Latin roots in par, which means, of course, equal. If a scale is balanced, there is parity.
It's used in finance:
"She said she thinks the euro will fall below parity against the U.S. dollar in the coming year." (Wall Street Journal)
In social contexts:
"None of this started out as a fight over gender parity, but now that it looks like one, you can be sure women will notice."
And sports:
"In most seasons, parity usually expires some time around November as the league's usual suspects take control." (Wall Street Journal)
They word parody probably has more fun than parity, which just likes to even things out. But there is parity between these words; they are both awesome.
WORD FAMILY
parity: parities
USAGE EXAMPLES
They “back tested” risk parity over periods such as the Great Depression and the postwar bond-bear market with similar results.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Contract workers excluded from that policy say they want parity — and more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
On Thursday, the Palestinian statistics bureau said demographic parity would be reached by the end of 2017.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 平价，价值对等; 同等，平等; 奇偶性
分布：等值(42%)，势均力敌(33%)，相等(25%)
→来自拉丁语par,对等，等同，词源同pair.
同等,同样;平等(par+ity)[par=equal,表示"平等"]
【记】par作为词根是平等的意思
【反】inequality（n 不平等）；incommensurateness（n 不同量）
US ['per.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■ equality , especially of pay or position （尤指薪水或职位的）同等，平等
• British nurses would like to see pay parity with nurses in other major European countries. 英国护士希望看到的是与其他主要欧洲国家的护士享有同等的工资待遇。
n. [金融] 平价；同等；相等
 - coordination, equation

Word: stern
Front: stern
[stɜ:n] (研四六托雅宝 10140/9588 -2)
Vocabulary: stern
(once / 158 pages)
1adj 2n
You know when you've done something really wrong, and the person who gets you in trouble has that unforgiving look on his face? The best word for that look is stern, meaning "strict" or "severe."
Stern, strict, severe, harsh, unforgiving — they all more or less mean the same thing, which is very tough and exacting, with a little helping of seriousness thrown in for good measure. What does this have to do with the stern of a boat, also known as the rear area? Um, nothing? But it's good to know about that meaning too, since it could come in handy some day when you're giving directions on a ship.
WORD FAMILY
stern: sterner, sternest, sternly, sternness, sterns+/sternness: sternnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The many jurisdictions, combined with a lack of legal precedent, present a stern challenge to athletes who want the prize money they are owed.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The coaches were stern, urging the players not to back down and to hit anyone who hit them.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Two security guards at the door were controlling entry via stern mien and green button.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 严厉的，严峻的; 坚定的，不动摇的; 严肃的
n. 船尾，艉; 末端; 斯坦恩，英语男子名
分布：船尾(41%)，严厉的(28%)，严峻的(13%)，尾部(12%)，苛刻的(4%)，坚决的(2%)
→来自古英语 styrne,严厉的，严苛的，来自 Proto-Germanic*sternijaz,硬的，强硬的，来自 ster, 固定的，坚固的，僵硬的，词源同 sterile,stark.stern 船尾
a.严厉的;坚决的,坚定的n.船尾,舟尾Our team made a stern resolve to win.我们队下定决心取胜.
【记】船尾是整个船最重要的部分，制作时要求特别严格。
【反】bow（n 弓；船头）
US [stɝ:n] adjective
■severe, or showing disapproval 严厉的，苛刻的
• a stern look/warning/voice 严厉的目光／警告／语气
• She is her own sternest critic. 她对自己非常苛刻。
• Journalists received a stern warning not to go anywhere near the battleship. 记者受到严厉警告，不得靠近军舰。
■If something, such as a job, is stern, it is difficult （工作等）严峻的，棘手的
• The President is facing the sternest test of his authority since he came to power five years ago. 总统的威严正面临着上任五年以来最严峻的考验。
UK [stɜ:n] US [stɝ:n] adjective
made of sterner stuff
■If someone is described as being made of sterner stuff, they are very strong and determined 坚强的，坚毅的
• I was ready to give up the fight, but Nicky was made of sterner stuff and wanted us to carry on. 我准备放弃争取了，但是尼基非常坚定，要我们坚持下去。
UK [stɜ:n] US [stɝ:n] noun countable
■the back part of a ship or boat 船尾；艉 Compare bow
n. [船] 船尾；末端
 - terminal, bottom, extreme
adj. 严厉的；坚定的
 - severe, committed, firm, confirmed, tight

Word: fresco
Front: fresco
[ˈfreskəʊ] (托宝 12076/10861 -1)
Vocabulary: fresco
(once / 1251 pages)
nv
Whether you've studied art history or not, you're probably familiar with the world's most famous fresco: Michelangelo's paintings on the walls and ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome.
To paint a fresco, you must apply paint to still wet plaster, and you better get it right the first time. Too slow and the plaster hardens, and then you've got a lot of chipping away to do. Fresco comes from the Italian fresco, meaning "cool" or "fresh," which describes exactly the fast, unlabored technique required of fresco painting.
WORD FAMILY
fresco: frescoed, frescoes, frescoing, frescos
USAGE EXAMPLES
On his watch, the museums installed a new climate-control system in the Sistine Chapel and restored Raphael’s “School of Athens” frescoes.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Take Rivera’s remarkable frescoes for the Neo-Classical courtyard loggia of the education ministry in Mexico City.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
The process eerily echoed that of making a fresco.
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 壁画; 温壁画技法，湿壁画
v. 在…作壁画; 用壁画法画出; 作壁画
分布：壁画(100%)
→来自意大利语，词源同fresh, 新的。指新石膏或湿石膏上做画的壁画艺术。
壁画(fresc+fresh新鲜的...指画在墙上的画鲜艳)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
壁画(用新鲜颜料画的画)[fresc=fresh(新鲜)]
【记】湿壁画法：用溶于水的颜料在新鲜的fres＝fresh湿石灰上作画的方法，然后再co＝cool冷却。
US [-koʊ] noun countable or uncountable (plural frescos or frescoes)
■(a picture made by) painting on wet plaster mixture of sand, lime and water on a wall or ceiling 湿壁画（技法）
• Michelangelo's famous frescoes are in the Sistine Chapel in Rome. 米开朗基罗创作的著名湿壁画在罗马的西斯廷教堂。
n. [建] 壁画
 - wall painting, mural painting

Word: soil
Front: soil
[sɔɪl] (高研四六雅宝 1791/1894 -K3)
Vocabulary: soil
(once / 94 pages)
nv
Soil is the dirt between our fingers as we garden or farm, from which all living things come and to which, as the poets never tire of reminding us, all life eventually returns. Such a big meaning for such a little word.
To soil something also means to make it dirty, or to degrade it in some way — strange given the natural purity of soil. Sometimes nations talk about their soil, meaning the geographical area over which they have governance. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth century the euphemism "night soil" was used to describe the contents of the commodes people kept under their bed. But you probably didn't want to know that.
WORD FAMILY
soil: soiled, soiling, soils, soilure, subsoil, undersoil+/soiled: unsoiled/soiling: soilings/soilure: soilures/subsoil: subsoils
USAGE EXAMPLES
To minimize erosion, terrain, soil structure and rainfall are also considered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Michigan Association of Drain Commissioners says drain commissioners enforce laws related to flood protection, storm management and soil erosion.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In a natural state, plants grow, they die, the nitrogen they contain returns to the soil, and new plants use it to grow.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 泥土; 土地，国土; 滋生地，温床; 粪尿，肥料
vt. 弄脏，污辱; 给…上粪（施肥）; 被弄脏，变脏; 用青草饲料喂养（牲口）
vi. 变脏、受污染或玷污的; 变脏
时态：soiled, soiling, soils
分布：土壤(91%)，土地(8%)，弄污(1%)
→来自中古英语 soile,大地，陆地，来自拉丁语 solum,脚掌，地面，陆地，来自 swol,脚掌， 词源同 sole,脚掌。引申词义国土，领土。soil 污泥，土壤，粪泥，肥料，弄脏，玷污
n.泥土,土地,土壤v.弄脏,(使)变脏Boil the oil soiled by the coil in the toilet lest it spoil.把被盥洗室里的线圈弄脏的油煮开,免得它变质.
noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■the material on the surface of the ground in which plants grow 泥土，土壤
• light/heavy/fertile soil 轻质／黏重／肥沃土
• sandy or chalky soils 沙质或白垩质土壤
uncountable literary
■a country 国家；国土
• It was the first time we had set foot on foreign/French/American soil (= gone to a foreign country/France/America). 那是我们第一次踏上异国／法国／美国的土地。
the soil literary
■the activity of farming 耕作，务农
• The government is trying to encourage a return to the soil. 政府试图鼓励人们重新务农。
[sɔɪl] verb transitive formal
■to make something dirty, especially with solid waste （尤指因大便）弄脏
• soiled diapers/nappies/sheets 弄脏的尿布／床单
[sɔɪl] verb transitive formal
not soil your hands literary
■to not become involved in something unpleasant or bad 不沾染污点，不参与不好的事情
• These were top lawyers, the kind who wouldn't normally soil their hands with police work or criminal law. 这些是顶级律师，他们一般不会插手警务和触犯刑法。
clay, mud, dust, ground, land, earth, dirt, soil
这组词都有“土地，土，泥”的意思，其区别是：
clay: 特指潮湿时发粘，而火烤后变坚硬的泥土。
mud: 指湿土，尤指雨后稀泥、污泥。
dust: 特指土壤干燥后，飞扬于空中的细微泥土。
ground: 通常指大地的表面，也可指土壤、泥土或场地。
land: 含义笼统。指与河流、海洋相对的陆地，也指可耕种的土地。
earth: 多指地表带有水分的泥土，较具体。
dirt: 指地表的干松泥土。
soil: 特指适宜栽种农作物或生长各种植物的泥土。
n. 土地； [土壤] 土壤；国家；粪便；务农；温床
 - nation, country, ground, state
vt. 弄脏；污辱
 - mud, spot, dirty
vi. 变脏
 - dirty

Word: ashtray
Front: ashtray
[ˈæʃtreɪ] (12033/12651 -1)
Back: n. 烟灰缸
分布：烟灰缸(100%)
noun countable
■a small dish or container, sometimes decorative, in which people can leave cigarette ash and cigarette ends 烟灰缸
n. 烟灰缸
 - tobacco jar

Word: ditch
Front: ditch
[dɪtʃ] (研四六托雅宝 6890/6459 -2)
Vocabulary: ditch
(once / 453 pages)
1nv 2v 3v
A ditch is a long trench or pit dug into the ground. If your lawns are always soggy, build a drainage ditch for the excess water to flow into.
A ditch can be a man-made trench, usually long and narrow, dug into the earth, or a natural ditch made by flowing water. Originally used for farming, we now use ditch for any pit in the ground. Ditch can also be a verb meaning to toss something or forsake it. You can ditch a plan that's going wrong, or a boyfriend who is misbehaving. If you make an emergency crash landing, you ditch your plane.
WORD FAMILY
ditch: ditched, ditches, ditching
USAGE EXAMPLES
I kept the chocolate and ditched the exercise.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Ditch your expectations before beginning the journey and keep an open and curious mind.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
That sent her vehicle rolling into a five-foot ditch four times.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 沟渠; 壕沟
vt. 摆脱，抛弃; 在…上掘沟; 把…开入沟里; 使（火车）出轨
vi. 使（飞机）在海上紧急降落，（在海上）迫降; 开沟
时态：ditched, ditching, ditches
分布：沟渠(44%)，壕沟(37%)，丢弃(13%)，坠入沟中(2%)，飞机紧急降落(2%)，挖渠(2%)
→词源同dig, dike. 插入字母t, 比较bake, batch.
n.沟,沟渠,水沟The pitch made me itch. I pitched the switch into the ditch around the kitchen.沥青使我发痒.我把开关抛进围绕厨房的水沟里.
noun countable
■a long narrow open hole dug into the ground usually at the side of a road or field, which is used especially for supplying or removing water, or for dividing land （尤指路边或田边用来供水、排水或划分土地的）沟渠，壕沟
[dɪtʃ] verb
GET RID OF 摆脱
transitive informal
■to get rid of something or someone that is no longer wanted 抛弃，遗弃，丢弃
• The getaway car had been ditched a couple of kilometres away from the scene of the robbery. 逃离现场用的车辆被丢弃在距抢劫地几公里以外的地方。
• Did you know that Sarah has ditched (= ended her relationship with) her boyfriend? 莎拉把男朋友给甩了，你知道吗？
[dɪtʃ] verb
AIRCRAFT 飞机
intransitive or transitive
■to land an aircraft in water in an emergency （使）在水上迫降
vt. 在…上掘沟；把…开入沟里；丢弃
 - reject, slough off
vi. 开沟；掘沟
 - furrow
n. 沟渠；壕沟
 - conduit, sike

Word: sexism
Front: sexism
[ˈseksɪzəm] (12063/12708 -1)
Vocabulary: sexism
(once / 10716 pages)
n
Sexism means discrimination against people because of their sex: anything unfair to males or females, just because they're males or females, is an example of sexism.
Sexism is one of those things that has always existed, and probably always will exist, but does seem to get a little better with time. When women couldn't vote, that was blatant sexism. When women are paid less than men for the same work, that's sexism. In school, when teachers call on boys more than girls, many people think that is an example of sexism. Sexism is similar to racism; they are both types of discrimination.
WORD FAMILY
sexism: sexist +/bisexual: bisexuality, bisexually, bisexuals/desexualize: desexualized/intersex: intersexes/nonsexual: nonsexually/ sex: intersex, oversexed, sexed, sexes, sexing, sexism, sexless, sexual, sexy, undersexed, unsex/ sexist: sexists/sexless: sexlessly, sexlessness/sexual: bisexual, intersexual, nonsexual, sexualise, sexuality, sexualize, sexually, transsexual/sexualise: desexualise/sexualize: desexualize, sexualized, sexualizes, sexualizing/ sexy: sexier, sexiest, sexily, sexiness, unsexy/transsexual: transsexualism, transsexuals/unsex: unsexed, unsexes, unsexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Asked whether sexism had played a role in the US election, she told BBC Newsnight: "There does appear to be some kind of backlash."
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
But he added that the most serious threats against the ANC were not negative perceptions of Zuma, but sexism, racism, ethnic nationalism and monopoly capital.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
And the sexism appears to have stepped up a notch since the oath-taking controversy.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 性别歧视; 男性至上主义
分布：性别歧视(100%)
→sex,性别，-ism,主义，思想，词源同 ageism,老年歧视。
性别歧视(sex性别)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
['sek.sɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■(actions based on) the belief that the members of one sex are less intelligent, able, skilful, etc. than the members of the other sex, especially that women are less able than men 性别主义；（尤指对女性的）性别歧视，性别偏见
• The university has been accused of sexism because it has so few women professors. 这所大学被指控存在性别歧视，因为女教授极少。
n. （针对女性的）性别歧视；男性至上主义
 - gender discrimination

Word: spirited
Front: spirited
[ˈspɪrɪtɪd] (12075/13739 -1)
Back: adj. 精力充沛的，生机勃勃; 激烈的
v. spirit的过去式和过去分词
分布：精神饱满的(70%)，动词spirit的过去式和过去分词(15%)，生动活泼的(15%)
→spirit,精神，灵魂，-ed,形容词后缀。
精神饱满的[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
US [-tˌɪd] approving
adjective
■enthusiastic and determined 热情饱满的；积极坚定的
• The home team's spirited playing ensured them a comfortable victory. 地主队热情四射的表现使他们轻松赢得了比赛的胜利。
adj. 英勇的；生机勃勃的
 - bold, gallant
v. 鼓舞（spirit的过去分词）
 - inspired

Word: sexist
Front: sexist
[ˈseksɪst] (12103/10217 -1)
Vocabulary: sexist
(once / 20556 pages)
adjn
A sexist is someone who discriminates on the basis of gender. Sexist people and laws are unfair.
Like racist and homophobic, this word refers to a type of hatred or discrimination: in this case, on the basis of gender. Usually, sexist people and laws discriminate against women. Back when women couldn't vote, wear pants, or own property, you could say that the world was pretty sexist. Likewise, before all-women Vassar College began admitting men, it was accused of having sexist policies. Treating a man or woman differently just because they're male or female is sexist.
WORD FAMILY
sexist: sexists+/bisexual: bisexuality, bisexually, bisexuals/desexualize: desexualized/intersex: intersexes/nonsexual: nonsexually/ sex: intersex, oversexed, sexed, sexes, sexing, sexism, sexless, sexual, sexy, undersexed, unsex/ sexism: sexist /sexless: sexlessly, sexlessness/sexual: bisexual, intersexual, nonsexual, sexualise, sexuality, sexualize, sexually, transsexual/sexualise: desexualise/sexualize: desexualize, sexualized, sexualizes, sexualizing/ sexy: sexier, sexiest, sexily, sexiness, unsexy/transsexual: transsexualism, transsexuals/unsex: unsexed, unsexes, unsexing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The move is a victory for campaigners who demanded an end to what they saw as sexist pricing on the high street.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But Martin deleted his tweet soon after accusations that it was sexist.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 男性至上主义者; 性别歧视者
分布：性别歧视的(79%)，性别歧视者(21%)
→来自 sexism,性别歧视，-ist,人。
['sek.sɪst] disapproving
adjective
■Sexist jokes or comments suggest that women are less able than men or refer to women's bodies, behaviour or feelings in a negative way 带有性别歧视的
• sexist comments/jokes 带有性别歧视的评论／玩笑

Word: diagonal
Front: diagonal
[daɪˈægənl] (托宝 12094/10261 -1)
Vocabulary: diagonal
(once / 1967 pages)
adjn
A diagonal is made out of a straight line that's set at an angle instead of straight up or across. If you picture a square and draw a line connecting the opposite corners, that’s a diagonal line.
You’ll find diagonal lines in geometry, and also in the world around you. A quarterback might throw a diagonal pass that angles across the field, or you might buy a snazzy new leotard with diagonal stripes. Diagonal can be either a noun or an adjective. You could call the steep slope of a hill a diagonal across the sky, or you could talk about the diagonal hillside reaching up toward the clouds.
WORD FAMILY
diagonal: diagonalise, diagonalize, diagonally, diagonals+/diagonalise: diagonalisation/diagonalize: diagonalizable, diagonalization
USAGE EXAMPLES
It runs through the densely populated hills of the East Bay, sketching a diagonal line between San Jose and Richmond.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The entrance that begins on a diagonal and incorporates fouettés, or whipping turns, is a favorite.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Many of the pieces bear the brand’s distinctive diagonal, white, screen-printed stripes, a design detail carried over to the clothing racks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. [数]对角线; 斜线; 斜列; 斜纹布
adj. 对角线的; 斜线的; 斜的; 斜纹的
分布：对角线(59%)，对角线的(14%)，斜线(11%)，斜纹的(7%)，斜的(7%)，斜列(2%)
→dia-, 穿过。-gon, 弯，角，词源同knee, octagonal. 即穿过去的，成对角的。
对角线(dia对着+gon+al)[gon=angle,表示"角"]
【记】dia，2，gon角－2角之间的线－对角线
adjective
 ADVANCED
■A diagonal line is straight and sloping, not horizontal or vertical, for example joining two opposite corners of a square or other flat shape with four sides 斜线的，对角线的
• The book has a diagonal black stripe on the cover. 该书的封面上有一道黑色斜纹。
 ADVANCED
■moving in a diagonal line 沿斜线运动的
• Peters received a diagonal pass and headed the ball into the net. 彼德斯接到斜传球后将球顶射入网。
[daɪ'æg.ən.əl] noun countable specialized
■a straight line which joins two opposite corners of a four-sided flat shape, such as a square 对角线
adj. 斜的； [数] 对角线的；斜纹的
 - off-angle, pitched
n. [数] 对角线；斜线
 - solidus

Word: tonic
Front: tonic
[ˈtɒnɪk] (雅宝 12096/7921 -1)
Vocabulary: tonic
(once / 1786 pages)
1nadj 2n 3adjn 4adj 5adj
A tonic is something, sometimes a medicine, that makes you feel better or restores you to health. Before doctors prescribed drugs, crooked salesmen sold all sorts of dubious tonics.
Tonic was used to describe all sorts of concoctions that were supposed to make you feel better or livelier. Some helped and some didn’t. Coca Cola was originally marketed as a tonic — back when it is said to have contained cocaine as well as loads of caffeine. These days we might describe a weekend at the beach or a brisk walk as a tonic, meaning it will refresh you. Others might flee to a gin and tonic — an alcoholic drink.
WORD FAMILY
tonic: supertonic, tonically, tonicity, tonics+/ atonal: atonalism, atonality, atonally/atonalism: atonalistic/atonality: atonalities/ intonate: intonated/overtone: overtones/semitone: semitones/supertonic: supertonics/tonal: atonal, tonality, tonally/tonality: tonalities/ tone: intonate, overtone, semitone, tonal, toned, toneless, toner, tones, tonic, toning, undertone/toned: toneder, tonedest/toneless: tonelessly/toner: toners/tonicity: hypertonicity/undertone: undertones
USAGE EXAMPLES
The bass instruments drone on the tonic while the violins weave sixteenth notes around the other notes of the triad.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As America reels from the rise of the alt-right, the film arrives as a hopeful tonic to liberal audiences.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
It also said the trust "strives to work with J Chandler and Co to ensure that the tonic wine is marketed and distributed responsibly".
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 滋补品; 奎宁水; <音>主音; <语>浊音
adj. 滋补的; <语>声调的; <医>强直的; <音>主音的
分布：补药(57%)，奎宁水(21%)，滋补的(19%)，振奋精神的(3%)
→来自 tone,身体健康性，-ic,形容词后缀。现词义缩写自 tonic water,让身体健康的水，原为一 种保健品，因加入奎宁，通常叫奎宁水，引申词义补药，滋补品等，后词义也与 toner 相融 合。
【记】读：偷你颗，偷你一颗滋补药。
【反】enfeebling（adj 衰弱的）；draining（adj 耗尽的）
US ['tɑ:.nɪk] noun
MEDICINE 药
countable
■a liquid medicine which has the general effect of making you feel better rather than treating a particular health problem that you might have 滋补剂
only singular informal
■something that makes you feel stronger or happier 使人为之一振的事物
• The magazine is lively and interesting - the pictures alone are a tonic. 这本杂志生动有趣——光这些图片就很有视觉冲击力。
UK ['tɒn.ɪk] US ['tɑ:.nɪk] noun
DRINK 饮料
countable or uncountable (also tonic water)
■ fizzy (= with bubbles) water with a bitter taste which can be drunk on its own or added to alcoholic drinks 奎宁水（有气饮料，味苦，可单独饮用，也可加到酒中饮用）
• Two gin and tonics, please. 请来两份杜松子酒加奎宁汽水。
n. [药] 补药；主调音或基音
 - invigorator
adj. 滋补的；声调的；使精神振作的
 - tonetic

Word: handout
Front: handout
[ˈhændaʊt] (六雅 12059/12316 -1)
Vocabulary: handout
(once / 9227 pages)
1n 2n
A handout is something that's given to a person in need. A useful handout for someone who doesn't have a home might be food, money, or clothing.
Handouts are anything that a person, government, charity, or other organization freely donates to needy people. While the word originated in the 1880s and gained popularity during the Great Depression among so-called "hobos," people who had to live entirely on the charity of others, handout has taken on a negative connotation in modern times. It's more often used to criticize the government or tax rates than to mean "a generous, thoughtful donation."
WORD FAMILY
handout: handouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
No American likes the idea of getting a “handout” — especially if they believe that handout is secretly being rerouted to their layabout neighbor anyway.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It is an open invitation for a shakedown of the government by corporate executives seeking handouts.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
“Some people criticize the child benefit and say it’s a government handout. It’s not. It is support for traditional families.”
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 救济品; 施舍物; 印刷品; 讲义
分布：施舍(60%)，传单(32%)，讲义材料(8%)
→比喻用法。
noun countable
INFORMATION 资讯
 ADVANCED
■a document given to students or reporters which contains information about a particular subject （尤指发给学生或听报告的人的）讲义，印刷品
• On page two of your handout you will find a list of the books that I have referred to during the lecture. 在讲义的第二页，你们会看到一份我在讲座中提到的书目。
['hænd.aʊt] noun countable
PRESENT 礼物 often disapproving
■something such as food, clothing or money that is given free to someone who has a great need for it 施舍物；救济款
• I'm not interested in government handouts - all I want is a job. 我不稀罕政府施舍的物品，我想要的是一份工作。
n. 散发材料（免费发给的新闻通报）；上课老师发的印刷品；文字资料 （会议上分发的）；施舍物
 - charity

Word: oppressed
Front: oppressed
[əˈprest] (12097/11862)
Vocabulary: oppressed
(once / 527 pages)
adj
To be oppressed is to be exploited or systematically harmed by others. People who have no freedom are oppressed.
Being oppressed is a negative and unfair condition. The United States was founded because we felt oppressed by the rule of England. African-Americans, Native Americans, women, gays, and other minority groups have all been oppressed by prejudice and unfair laws. So people who are oppressed tend to be angry — and for good reason. Oppressed people tend to fight for their freedom, and they often get it.
WORD FAMILY
oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor +/ oppression: oppressions/ oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this only works if your identity actually is oppressed.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
And it was aligned with oppressed people around the world, rather than demonizing them.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
In his approach to work, Seb is a proud purist, perpetually oppressed and affronted by the prospect of compromise.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 受压迫的，受压制的
v. 使烦恼( oppress的过去式和过去分词); 压迫，压制
分布：被压迫的(82%)，郁闷的(11%)，动词oppress的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
adjective
RULED 统治
■governed in an unfair and cruel way and prevented from having opportunities and freedom 压迫；压制；欺压
• oppressed minorities 受压迫的少数民族
• the poor and the oppressed 穷人和受压迫者
[ə'prest] adjective
FEELINGS 感觉
■worried and uncomfortable 使焦虑；使不适
• She felt oppressed and discouraged in such an unfriendly environment. 在这样一种冷漠的环境中，她感到既沮丧又备受压迫。
adj. 受压制的，受压迫的
 - downtrodden
v. 压迫；折磨（oppress的过去分词）
 - ground, plagued

Word: disintegration
Front: disintegration
[dɪsˌɪntɪ'ɡreɪʃn] (12087/11449)
Vocabulary: disintegration
(once / 3445 pages)
n
Disintegration is when one thing splits into parts or just ceases to exist. When something is destroyed, broken up into pieces, or falls apart on its own, that’s disintegration.
If you know that integration brings things or people together, you won't be surprised that disintegration means things are coming apart. Disintegration is what happens when a company breaks into smaller companies or when a band splits up. Often, disintegration is physical — a bomb could cause the disintegration of its target. The decomposition (rotting) of a body is an example of disintegration. When something radioactive decays, that's disintegration, too. Disintegration is when it all falls apart.
WORD FAMILY
disintegration: disintegrations+/ disintegrate: disintegrable, disintegrated, disintegrates, disintegrating, disintegration, disintegrative/disintegrative: disintegratively/ integral: integrality, integrally, integrals, integrate / integrate: disintegrate, integrated, integrates, integrating, integration, integrative, integrator, reintegrate/ integrated: nonintegrated, unintegrated/ integration: integrations/integrator: integrators/reintegrate: reintegrated, reintegrates, reintegrating
USAGE EXAMPLES
The disintegration of these societies in Iraq and Syria is the consequence of modern politics.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
We see the family’s disintegration in flashback: Galen, his wife and little Jyn are living, simply, as farmers, more or less.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
North of Bolzano, the Brenner Pass linking Italy and Austria is a symbol both of Europe’s openness and of its threatened disintegration.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 瓦解; 崩溃; <物>裂变; 蜕变
分布：瓦解(100%)
瓦解;分裂[inter=whole,表示"完整"]
VERB
崩溃;瓦解
If something disintegrates, it becomes seriously weakened, and is divided or destroyed.
例：During October 1918 the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to disintegrate.在 1918 年 10 月间，奥匈帝国开始瓦解。
VERB
碎裂;分裂;粉碎
If an object or substance disintegrates, it breaks into many small pieces or parts and is destroyed.
例：At 420mph the windscreen disintegrated.挡风玻璃在时速420英里时破碎。
n. 瓦解，崩溃；分解
 - analysis, decomposition, crash

Word: awakening
Front: awakening
[əˈweɪkənɪŋ] (12071/14325)
Vocabulary: awakening
(once / 770 pages)
n
An awakening is the act of waking up from sleep. It can also refer to other forms of new or sudden consciousness.
When you've been asleep, whether at night or during a nap, you wake up and regain consciousness. This is known as an awakening. However, this word is often used for more dramatic things than getting out of bed. Having a religious epiphany is an awakening. Deciding to get married could be considered an awakening. Any time you realize or accept something important and life-changing, it can be called an awakening, because it's almost like you were asleep before.
WORD FAMILY
awakening: awakenings+/ awake: awaked, awaken, awakes, awaking, awoke, awoken/ awaken: awakened, awakening, awakens, reawaken /awakened: unawakened/ reawaken: reawakened, reawakening, reawakens
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not only his awakening that baffles medical science; he is also in fine physical shape despite a dozen years of immobility.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Must-hear episode: “Awakening Consciousness in Shadowy Times,” an episode that explains how to stop fixating on failure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Ms. Fox calls her first months on the new job a rude awakening.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 觉醒中的; 唤醒的; 觉悟的; （兴趣等）正在产生的
n. 觉醒; 被激起; 意识; 觉悟
v. （使）醒(awaken的现在分词); （使）意识到
分布：觉醒(94%)，唤醒的(3%)，醒悟(1%)，觉醒中的(1%)，动词awaken的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun only singular
■when you start to understand something or feel something 觉醒，醒悟；认识，意识
• a religious awakening 宗教意识的觉醒
• the awakening of public concern about the environment 公众对环境开始关注
• He's in for a rude awakening (= will be shocked) when he starts work! 他开始做时就会大吃一惊！
n. 觉醒；唤醒；认识
 - awareness, knowledge, cognition
v. 唤醒；唤起（awaken的ing形式）
 - exciting, invoking

Word: stupidity
Front: stupidity
[stju:ˈpɪdəti] (12078/11793)
Vocabulary: stupidity
(once / 1089 pages)
n
Stupidity is the quality of being stupid. It’s the opposite of intelligence. Stupidity is responsible for many acts that follow the words, “Hey, watch this!”
Being stupid has to do with not understanding things, not learning from past experiences, and generally not using your brain, so stupidity refers to this quality. Saying that someone did something because of stupidity is an insult because it means the person really should’ve known better. Riding in a shopping cart tied to the back of a car and zinging around a parking lot would be the result of some serious stupidity.
WORD FAMILY
stupidity: stupidities+/ stupid: stupider, stupidest, stupidity, stupidly, stupids
USAGE EXAMPLES
Relieved at my innocence, but amused by my stupidity, they laughed for roughly 17 years.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Meanwhile, fake news stories, like those found on Infowars or The National Enquirer, appeal to emotion and encourage stupidity.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
When asked about artificial intelligence, Tversky replied, “We study natural stupidity.”
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 愚蠢; 愚行; 蠢事; 蠢话
分布：愚笨(70%)，愚蠢的行为(30%)
→stupid,愚蠢的，糊涂的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [stu:'pɪd.ə.i] noun uncountable
■the state of being silly or unwise 愚蠢
• a moment/act of stupidity 一时的愚蠢／愚蠢的举动
• Her stupidity is beyond belief sometimes. 有时候她蠢得令人难以置信。
• It was sheer stupidity to refuse at the price they were offering. 他们出那样的价钱还不卖，真是愚蠢透顶。
n. 愚蠢；糊涂事
 - simplicity, folly

Word: arcade
Front: arcade
[ɑ:ˈkeɪd] (12052/8921 -1)
Vocabulary: arcade
(once / 1756 pages)
n
An arcade is a structure made by enclosing a series of arches and columns. The word's roots go back to the Latin word "arcus," which means arc or bow.
An arched, covered passageway with shops or stalls on the sides is also called an arcade and was a precursor to the shopping mall. The Burlington Arcade in London opened in 1819 and was the first shopping arcade of its kind in Britain. It still exists and is the longest covered shopping street in England. As more of these shopping arcades opened, they also began offering games and eventually the word's meaning came to include video arcades, where you can play coin-operated games.
WORD FAMILY
arcade: arcades
USAGE EXAMPLES
He says visitors to the arcade fall into two camps.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
There, across University Street, parts of the first two floors of structural steel point skyward above the Arcade Annex construction site.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
There's an entire room dedicated to arcade games and even a pod-racer in the backyard.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 商场，游乐中心; 拱廊，连拱廊; 有拱廊的街道
分布：拱廊(84%)，有拱廊的街道(12%)，游乐中心(4%)
→同arc, 弧。
连拱廊(arc+ade表名词,如cascade瀑布)[arc(h)=bow,表示"弓"]
拱廊(arc弧形)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
US [ɑ:r-] noun countable
■a covered area or passage in which there are shops, or a covered passage joined to a building on one side and with columns and arches along the other side （一旁有商店的）拱廊商业街；拱廊，拱廊通道
• a shopping arcade 购物中心
n. [建] 拱廊；（内设投角子电子游戏机等的）游乐场；有拱廊的街道
 - recreation ground, amusement parks

Word: nobility
Front: nobility
[nəʊˈbɪləti] (雅 12102/7320 -1)
Vocabulary: nobility
(once / 418 pages)
n
Nobility refers to a privileged class of people — often receiving hereditary titles — also called the aristocracy. You know the type. They hang around manors and castles, or curry favor at court.
In the United states, there is no official class system, so there is no official noble class, or nobility. But nobility is also a synonym for nobleness — elevation of morals, ideals, or behavior. So if you have friends who always behave with generosity, honesty, and integrity, you may be surrounded by nobility — even if you don’t hang out with lords, baronesses, dukes, or ladies.
WORD FAMILY
nobility: nobilities+/ ennoble: ennobled, ennoblement, ennobles, ennobling/ennobling: ennoblingly/ noble: ennoble, nobility, nobleness, nobler, nobles, noblest, nobly/nobleness: noblenesses/nobly: noblys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then he executes the old regime’s nobility, judges and financiers.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
And while sportsmanship guardians will admonish me for saying this, it’s disingenuous to expect too much nobility in a sport that requires such viciousness.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
‘Dream’ has all the same qualities of those pieces: the eloquence, the excitement, the nobility.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 贵族阶级; 高贵的身分[出身]; 高尚，崇高; 庄严，雄伟
分布：贵族(80%)，高尚(20%)
→来自noble,高贵的。
US [noʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun
MORAL 道德的
uncountable
■honesty, bravery and unselfishness 高尚，伟大，崇高
• nobility of spirit/purpose 精神／目标的崇高
UK [nəʊ'bɪl.ə.ti] US [noʊ'bɪl.ə.tˌi] noun
HIGH RANK 贵族阶层
the nobility only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
■the people of the highest social rank in a society, considered as a group （总称）贵族
• members of the nobility 贵族成员
n. 贵族；高贵；高尚
 - prince, noble, dignity

Word: masked
Front: masked
[mɑ:skt] (12073/12163 -1)
Back: adj. 戴面具的; 化妆的; 隐蔽的; [医]潜伏的，不明的
v. 伪装; mask的过去式和过去分词
分布：戴面具的(82%)，动词mask的过去式和过去分词.(6%)，隐蔽的(6%)，蒙着脸的(6%)
US [mæskt] adjective
■wearing a mask 戴面具的，蒙面的
• Suddenly two masked gunmen burst into the shop and demanded all the cash in the till. 两个蒙面的持枪男子突然闯入店中，命令把收银台里的所有现金都交出来。
adj. 戴面具的；掩蔽的
 - sheltered
v. 戴面具；掩饰；使模糊（mask的过去分词）
 - fogged

Word: wrench
Front: wrench
[rentʃ] (研六雅宝 10376/10564 -1)
Vocabulary: wrench
(once / 827 pages)
nv
To wrench means to grab or pull something with a lot of physical force. See this teddy bear? If you want it, you’ll have to wrench it out of my hands, because I’m not willing to give it up.
Maybe you have a wrench at home, that is, a hand tool that is used to hold or twist a nut or a pipe joint. If so, you also have a great way to remember what wrench the verb means. Just imagine you're twisting with a wrench, except instead of using a tool, you’re using your hands. If something is heart wrenching, it makes you feel very sad. If you wrench a part of your body, you strain, pull or twist it, injuring yourself in some way.
WORD FAMILY
wrench: wrenched, wrenches, wrenching+/wrenching: wrenchingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A woman was sitting in the car, and a man was trying to open the boxes with a screwdriver and wrench.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As he was questioned, the soldiers twisted the wrench, he said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
What’s even more wrenching is that at the time of his death, Michael was poised for a major resurgence.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 扳手; 扭伤; 突然的悲痛
vt. 扭伤; 扭转; 歪曲
时态：wrenched, wrenching, wrenches
分布：猛扭(29%)，痛苦(26%)，扭伤(24%)，曲解(13%)，挣脱(8%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrest。引申义猛拉。
v.猛拧;挣脱;使扭伤n.扳手;痛苦,难受He wrenched the window open.他把窗户撬开.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），ench
verb
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to pull and twist something suddenly or violently away from a fixed position 猛拉；猛扭；猛扯
• The photographer tripped over a lead, wrenching a microphone from its stand. 摄影师被一根电线绊了一下，将一支麦克风从底座上猛扯了下来。
• The phone had been wrenched from/off the wall. 电话从墙上被猛地扯了下来。
• The ball was wrenched out of his grasp by another player. 球被另一名球员从他手中猛地抢了过去。
• His hands were tied but he managed to wrench himself free. 他双手被绑，但他设法挣脱开来。
transitive
■to twist part of your body badly, such as your arm or leg, and injure it 扭伤（身体部位）
• He wrenched his right shoulder during a game of hockey. 他在一场曲棍球比赛中扭伤了自己的右肩。
transitive usually passive
■to suddenly take someone from people they love, causing them great unhappiness 夺走（某人）；拆散
• At the age of eight, she was wrenched from her foster parents and sent to live with another family. 八岁时，她被人从养父母身边夺走，送去与另一家人一起生活。
[rentʃ] noun
TOOL 工具
countable mainly US
■a spanner , usually one which can be made larger or smaller for holding and turning objects of different sizes 扳手
• an adjustable wrench 活动扳手
⇒ See also monkey wrench
[rentʃ] noun
PULL 拉
countable usually singular
■a sudden, violent twist or pull 猛扭；猛拉；猛扯
[rentʃ] noun
UNHAPPY FEELING 痛苦
only singular
■a feeling of unhappiness when you have to leave a person or place that you love （被迫离开某人或某地时的）痛苦，难受
• She found leaving home a real wrench. 她发现离开家是一件非常痛苦的事。
n. 扳手， [机] 扳钳；扭伤；痛苦；歪曲；猛扭
 - violence, smart, strain, hurt
vt. 扭伤；猛扭；曲解；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear
vi. 扭伤；猛扭；猛绞
 - rick

Word: gallop
Front: gallop
[ˈgæləp] (研宝 12092/10110 -1)
Vocabulary: gallop
(once / 290 pages)
nv
A gallop is a horse's fastest gait, a full-on run. A loud noise might cause a trotting horse to panic and break into a gallop.
Any four-legged animal can run at a gallop, although the word most often describes horses and ponies. To run this way is also to gallop: "I watched the horses gallop around the track." You can even use the word to emphasize a person's fast and heavy gait: "My little brother has to gallop around the house a few times before he'll go to bed."
WORD FAMILY
gallop: galloped, galloping, gallopped, gallopping, gallops
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s obvious in the galloping swiftness of her feet and her apparent ease in keeping up with her two supremely accomplished colleagues.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Venezuela faces a severe economic crisis that includes galloping inflation and shortages of food, medicine and other goods.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The man died after stepping into the path of a galloping horse during a race in honour of the girl's 15th birthday.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （马等）疾驰，飞奔; （比喻）飞快
vt. & vi. （使马）飞驰; 飞速传递
vi. 快速做[说]某事
时态：galloped, galloping, gallops
分布：疾驰(44%)，飞奔(35%)，飞驰(16%)，急速进行(5%)
→来自wallop的拼写变体，即well leap.
v./n.奔驰,飞奔He galloped across the field.他骑马飞驰穿过原野.
【记】马在gallop后需要一gallon的水elope（vi 私奔；出走）出去就落魄；lope（v /n 大步慢跑）
verb
intransitive or transitive
■(of a horse) to run fast so that all four feet come off the ground together in each act of forward movement, or (of a person) to ride a horse that is running in this way （马）飞跑，疾驰；（人）骑马奔驰
• We galloped through the woods. 我们骑马从林中飞驰而过。
Compare canter ; trot
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or act quickly 急速移动；快速行动
• It is the height of folly and a tragic waste to gallop into war. 仓促发动战争是极其愚蠢的行为，是一种可悲的浪费。
['gæl.əp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gallop through sth informal
■to perform, read or do something very quickly and without enough care 匆匆地做；草草地读；走马观花地看
• They often gallop through 10 news items in 20 minutes. 他们经常在20分钟内匆匆播完十条新闻。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
RUN 跑
■the fast run or speed of a horse when it is galloping, or an act of galloping （马）奔驰
• At the sound of gunfire the horse suddenly broke into a gallop. 枪声一响，那匹马突然飞奔起来。
['gæl.əp] noun only singular
SPEED 速度
■a fast speed 高速度
• We had to complete the work at a gallop (= very quickly). 我们不得不快马加鞭将工作赶完。
n. 疾驰；飞奔
 - spin, dead run
vi. 飞驰；急速进行；急急忙忙地说
 - rocket, hell

Word: inequity
Front: inequity
[ɪnˈekwəti] (宝 12110/22411)
Vocabulary: inequity
(once / 17031 pages)
n
The noun inequity describes a situation that’s not fair. If you feel, for example, that your brother gets to do whatever he wants while you must follow the rules to the letter, you might rage against inequity.
The prefix in- in inequity means “not” or “opposite of.” Equity, means "justice or fairness." Put it together and you get inequity: something that’s unfair or unjust. The word can be used to describe a wide range of unfair situations, such as an inequity in a school's buying new equipment for the football team while the field hockey team continues to wear uniforms from 1981.
WORD FAMILY
inequity: inequities+/ equity: equities, inequity
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It lessens the great inequity that those just getting by day to day experience.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Though advocates may be concerned about the inequities organ markets may create, it bears noting that our current donation system already disproportionately favors the wealthy.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
In this story too, pay inequity shaped lives and families and inherited opportunities.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 不公平，不公正
分布：不公平(67%)，不公正(33%)
→in-,不，非，equity,公正。
【记】equity（n 公平；公正）；equal（adj 相等的）
N-VAR
不公正;不公平
If you refer to the inequity of something, you are criticizing it because it is unfair or unjust.
例：Social imbalance worries him more than inequity of income.社会失衡比收入不公平更令他忧虑。
例：...the inequities in our health care system.我们卫生保健制度的不公正
n. 不公平，不公正
 - wrong, unfairness

Word: burrow
Front: burrow
[ˈbʌrəʊ] (托雅宝 12121/10878 -1)
Vocabulary: burrow
(once / 1024 pages)
nv
Rabbits live in a burrow or a set of tunnels under the earth. They make these tunnels by burrowing, or digging holes with their bodies.
Just one letter separates burrow from borrow. To remember the difference, think of the 'u' in burrow as the 'u' for under. Burrows are always underground, and when you burrow under something, you are always going beneath it. Worms can burrow into apples, and on a cold day, you might decide that you'd rather stay in and burrow underneath your blankets.
WORD FAMILY
burrow: burrowed, burrowing, burrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barrett as Ohio State’s quarterback, is the son of Ohio University’s defensive coordinator, Jimmy Burrow.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He burrowed into a character whose actions are flatly repugnant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Prosecutors say Hector Rodriguez burrowed holes into the roofs and walls of six groceries and other small businesses in Queens to gain entry.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 挖掘（洞穴），挖洞
vi. 翻寻
n. 地洞
时态：burrowed, burrowing, burrows
分布：挖洞(54%)，钻进(39%)，翻寻(7%)
→词源同bury, 保护，埋藏。
【区】burrow，b＝避－躲避的地方－地洞furrow（n 犁沟，皱纹）读：发肉－人太胖会起皱纹。
US ['bɝ:.oʊ] noun countable
■a hole in the ground dug by an animal such as a rabbit, especially to live in （尤指动物挖掘居住的）洞穴，地道
UK ['bʌr.əʊ] US ['bɝ:.oʊ] verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to dig a hole in the ground, especially to live in （尤指为居住）打洞，掘洞
• Rats had burrowed into the bank of the river. 老鼠在河岸上打了洞。
transitive + adverb or preposition
■to move yourself into a position where you can feel warm, comfortable or safe （舒适、温暖或安全地）躲进，钻入；偎依
• Suddenly shy, our young daughter burrowed her head into my shoulder. 我们的小女儿突然感到害羞了，将头靠在我的肩膀上。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to search for something, as if by digging 翻找，搜寻
• I burrowed through the clothes in the drawer looking for a clean pair of socks. 我在抽屉里的衣服里翻找一双干净的袜子。
vi. 探索，寻找；挖地洞，挖通道；住入地洞，躲藏起来；钻进某处；偎依著
 - explore, search after
vt. 挖掘，挖出；在…挖洞（或通道）；使躲入洞穴
 - to dig, tap into
n. （兔、狐等的）洞穴，地道；藏身处，住处
 - residence, hole, subway, underground, accommodation

Word: patriot
Front: patriot
[ˈpeɪtriət] (六托宝 10621/11834 -2)
Vocabulary: patriot
(once / 156 pages)
n
A patriot is someone who loves and who has sometimes fought for his or her country. “Nathan Hale was a true patriot; his only regret was that he had but one life to give for his country.”
The word patriot comes from patrios (Greek, not Latin for once), which means "of one’s father." So, despite various references to the motherland, the word patriot more or less lands us square in the fatherland arena. And if you’re a football fan, the New England Patriots is a near-Boston-based team (Boston being a major source of American patriots in the Revolutionary War). And, if you want to get yourself in trouble, you can wander Boston with a megaphone chanting, “The Patriots stink.”
WORD FAMILY
patriot: patrioteer, patriotic, patriots+/patrioteer: patrioteers/ patriotic: patriotically, patriotism, superpatriotic, unpatriotic/ patriotism: patriotisms, superpatriotism/unpatriotic: unpatriotically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tom Brady, QB, Patriots… Yes, he only played 12 games.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Two rushes for minus-8 yards against the New England Patriots the next week put him back in the red.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Good sense says the New England Patriots did not need to sign receiver Michael Floyd when the Cardinals released him a few weeks ago.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 爱国者，爱国主义者
分布：爱国者(100%)
→来自希腊语patriotes,同胞，乡亲，老乡，来自pater,父亲，词源同father.-otes,状态后缀。即同一个父亲的，同一个祖先的，后用以指同胞，爱国者。
[patri祖→祖国,-ot名词字尾,表示人]爱祖国者,爱国主义者[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
爱国者(祖国比喻成父亲)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
爱国者(patri父亲)[-ot表名词"…人"]
【记】patri爸爸，ot：把祖国看成爸爸－爱国者
US ['peɪ.tri.ɑ:t] noun countable
■a person who loves their country and, if necessary, will fight for it 爱国者
n. 爱国者
 - Aigo, The Patriot

Word: clutter
Front: clutter
[ˈklʌtə(r)] (托 12119/14581 -1)
Vocabulary: clutter
(once / 3409 pages)
nv
The word clutter can mean a messy jumble of objects. The disorganized clutter of shoes, hats, shirts, belts, jackets, and pants makes it impossible to find a thing in your closet!
Clutter can describe all those disorderly random things in your purse, but it can also refer to the random echoes that show up on a radar screen. The echos mix with other desired signals and can make it hard to track everything. As a verb, clutter is what you do when you fill up a space with a crazy mix of objects. You may clutter up the attic when you finally clean out that closet!
WORD FAMILY
clutter: cluttered, cluttering, clutters, unclutter+/unclutter: uncluttered
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now the place is cluttered with finished canvases of all sizes and boxes and drawers of smaller paintings and prints.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I’m an art geek: I wanted to create a space on the web that was free of clutter.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Call it competitive balance, or a cluttered mess.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 杂乱; 混乱; 喧嚣
vt. 使凌乱; 乱糟糟地堆满
vi. 乱哄哄地跑; 发出吵闹声
时态：cluttered, cluttering, clutters
分布：混乱(55%)，杂乱(42%)，弄乱(3%)
→词源同clod,clot.即大块状的，凌乱的。
US ['klʌtˌ.ɚ] noun uncountable
■(a lot of objects in) a state of being untidy 杂乱，凌乱；杂乱的东西
• Sorry about the clutter in the kitchen. 对不起，厨房里杂乱不堪。
• My desk is covered in/full of clutter. 我书桌上堆得乱七八糟。
UK ['klʌt.ər] US ['klʌtˌ.ɚ] verb transitive
■to fill something in an untidy or badly organized way 塞满，乱堆在；使散乱
• The kids always clutter the hall (up) with school bags and coats and stuff. 孩子总把书包、外套和其他东西乱放在门厅，弄得乱七八糟。
• Every shelf is cluttered with ornaments. 每层架子上都塞满了装饰品。
• figurative I try not to clutter (up) my mind with useless information. 我尽量不往脑子里装那些无用的东西。
n. 杂乱，混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: obituary
Front: obituary
[əˈbɪtʃuəri] (宝 12093/10362 -2)
Vocabulary: obituary
(once / 3202 pages)
n
An obituary is the notice of someone's death. It is placed in the newspaper to alert others to the death. It gives a background about the deceased's life, usually listing survivors and giving funeral information.
The noun obituary, which appears in English in the early 18th century, comes from the Latin obīre, where ob- means "toward," and īre, "to go," suggesting a "going toward" one's death. The first obituary as we know it probably appeared shortly after the invention of the printing press and included just the bare facts of the death. In 19th-century England, the announcements became more elaborate, and photos were added in the 20th century, making the modern obituary more like an elaborate eulogy.
WORD FAMILY
obituary: obituaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fidel Castro's obituary cost the New York Times more man and woman hours over the years than any other article in the newspaper's history.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The obituary for Bill Usery commemorated a life committed to finding mutually beneficial solutions to the thorniest of labor, management and governmental problems.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
A roundup of notable obituaries from the week ending Dec. 30.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 讣告; 讣闻
adj. 讣告的; 死亡的; 有关死者的
分布：讣告(87%)，死亡的(13%)
→ob-,向前，-it,走，词源同exit,itinerary.委婉语，即向前走了。引申词义讣告，讣闻。
讣告[obit=death(死)]
【记】ob离开，it他，uary：他离开我们后写的东西－讣告
US [oʊ'bɪtʃ.u.er.i] (informal obit)
noun countable
■a report, especially in a newspaper, which gives the news of someone's death and details about their life （尤指报纸上的）讣告，讣闻
adj. 讣告的；死亡的
 - deceased.
n. 讣告
 - necrology

Word: morgue
Front: morgue
[mɔ:g] (12116/20917)
Vocabulary: morgue
(once / 5557 pages)
n
Most hospitals have an area called a morgue, where dead bodies are stored until they are buried or cremated.
After a person dies, that person's body is often placed in a morgue until it can be transported to a funeral home, church, or temple for a memorial service or funeral. Occasionally, a body needs to be identified by relatives, and that often happens in a morgue as well. Another word for morgue is mortuary. The word comes from the French La Morgue, which was one specific building in 1800s Paris. It replaced the much more blunt term "dead house."
WORD FAMILY
morgue: morgues
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there were emotional scenes in front of a city morgue where those shot dead were brought for identification.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
He was later found in the morgue, shot to death, Mr. Granados said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As she listened to him now describe how he taught himself and practiced between shifts in the morgue, her eyes grew wide.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 太平间，停尸房
分布：陈尸所(50%)，资料室(50%)
US [mɔ:rg] noun countable mainly US for mortuary (= place where dead bodies are kept) 太平间，停尸房
n. [医] 陈尸所；资料室，资料档案
 - data room

Word: tango
Front: tango
[ˈtæŋgəʊ] (宝 12132/23656 -1)
Vocabulary: tango
(once / 7670 pages)
nv
The noun tango usually refers to the Argentine tango, a dramatic ballroom dance, and the expressive music that goes along with it.
The tango is known for being a passionate, emotional form of dance in which the dancing couple hold each other closely and make abrupt — yet graceful — movements. The accompanying music is equally dramatic and varied, often featuring many instruments such as violin, piano, and bandoneón, a type of concertina or small accordion. The word tango is of Latin American Spanish origin, probably from an African root word.
WORD FAMILY
tango: tangoed, tangoing, tangos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grammy Award-winning violinist Joshua Bell performs with the Chamber Orchestra of Havana in this evening of Vivaldi classics and Piazzolla tangos.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
So it was with a particular sadness and anger that I read this week the revelations about the filming of the Last Tango in Paris.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Later it became the first cinema in Buenos Aires to show “talkies,” and some films were accompanied by live tango orchestration.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 探戈舞，探戈舞曲
vi. 跳探戈舞
时态：tangoed, tangoing, tangoes
分布：探戈舞(63%)，探戈舞曲(22%)，跳探戈舞(15%)
→来自阿根廷西班牙语 tango,探戈，最终可能来自非洲某土著语言。
探戈舞(来自黑人跳的tango舞)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】外来语。
US [-goʊ] (plural tangos)
noun countable
■an energetic dance from South American for two people, or the music for this dance 探戈舞；探戈舞曲

Word: lounge
Front: lounge
[laʊndʒ] (高研六雅宝 5990/4410 -2)
Vocabulary: lounge
(once / 545 pages)
1vn 2v
It's hard to lounge, or recline comfortably, in the lounge, or waiting area, of an airport terminal. Maybe they shouldn't call it a lounge.
Lounge comes from the French s'allonger meaning "to lounge about, lie at full length." Whether you're talking about a room with seats in a hotel made for waiting, or a nice comfy sofa, or the act of reclining comfortably, lounge has everything to do with making yourself comfortable in one spot for a while. It also means to hang around in an easy way, the way you might lounge around the poolside area in a luxury hotel.
WORD FAMILY
lounge: lounged, lounger, lounges, lounging+/lounger: loungers
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of them was identified by friends as Mr. Assaf, the owner of the Pi Lounge & Bar in Amman, the Jordanian capital.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Police in Middletown say the first call they received involved multiple shots fired outside a lounge early Sunday morning.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Better to opt for the petite pool, where an inflatable gold swan bobs next to the chic lounge.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 休息厅; 客厅; （机场等的）等候室
vi. 闲逛; 懒洋洋地躺
vt. 懒洋洋地打发（时间）; 虚度光阴
时态：lounged, lounging, lounges
分布：休息室(68%)，起居室(13%)，候机室(12%)，闲荡(6%)，懒散地斜靠(1%)
→可能来自法语allonger,逗留，停留，来自al-,向，long,长的，长时间的。引申词义停留，逗留，休息。用于指休息厅，候机厅，酒吧等。
n.休息室,起居室,客厅The young youths lounged in the south mouth of the cave for one month.无经验的青年们在南洞口闲荡了一个月.
【记】源于：long，原指长沙发－懒洋洋地躺在长沙发上休息。
noun countable UK the room in a house or apartment that is used for relaxing, and entertaining guests, but not usually for eating 客厅，起居室
• All the family were sitting in the lounge watching television. 全家人都坐在客厅里看电视。
■a room in a hotel, airport, theatre, etc. where people can relax or wait （饭店、机场、剧院等的）休息厅，等候室
• an airport lounge 机场候机厅
• a cocktail lounge 鸡尾酒酒吧间
[laʊndʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lounge about/around (sth)
■to spend your time in a relaxed way, sitting or lying somewhere and doing very little （在…）悠闲度日，消磨时间
• We spent our days lounging around the pool. 我们整天在游泳池消磨时间。
n. [建] 休息室；闲逛；躺椅；（英）酒吧间
 - retiring room, lobby
vi. 闲逛；懒洋洋地躺卧；闲混
 - lig, knock around
vt. 虚度光阴
 - hack around, fiddle around

Word: clear-cut
Front: clear-cut
[klɪə(r) kʌt] (-1)
Back: adj. 轮廓鲜明的; 清晰的
v. 清场伐木; 为开辟空地而砍伐（树木）
时态：clear-cut, clear-cutting, clear-cuts
分布：轮廓鲜明的(51%)，清晰的(25%)，林木被伐光的林地(12%)，皆伐(12%)
US [ˌklɪr-] adjective
■clear or obvious without needing any proof 清楚的；明白无误的；显而易见的
• She has clear-cut evidence that the company cheated her. 她有确凿的证据证明公司欺骗了她。
adj. 清晰的；轮廓鲜明的
 - defined, plain

Word: sill
Front: sill
[sɪl] (宝 12120/11442 -1)
Back: n. 窗台（板）; 门槛; [地]岩床，海底山脊，平巷底
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古英语 syll,门槛，窗台，来自 Proto-Germanic*suli,木柱，木板，来自 swel,木柱， 木板，词源同 sylvan,森林的。
【记】从sill上摔下来的人很silly，而且不是死s就是ill。
noun countable
■a flat piece of wood, stone, etc. which forms the base of a window or door 窗台；门槛
⇒ See also windowsill
n. [建] 窗台；基石；门槛； [海洋] 海底山脊
 - threshold, window-ledge

Word: deterrence
Front: deterrence
[dɪ'terəns] (12091/17622 -1)
Vocabulary: deterrence
(once / 16885 pages)
n
A deterrence discourages you from doing something. An invisible electric fence is an excellent deterrence for dogs who like to roam outside the yard.
You can influence someone's actions by promoting certain behaviors and discouraging others. And it's the discouragement part where deterrence comes in. A deterrence makes you reconsider doing something — usually bad things like stealing or skipping school — because you know the penalty will be harsh. Deterrences make you afraid to try something. So many homeowners hope that a security alarm will be a deterrence to burglars.
WORD FAMILY
deterrent: deterrence, deterrently, deterrents+/ deter: determent, deterred, deterrent, deterring, deters/determent: determents/deterred: undeterred
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statement reaffirmed Washington’s “ironclad commitment” to defend its allies, using “the full spectrum of US extended deterrence capabilities.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Nuclear weapons serve one purpose and one purpose alone: deterrence.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
This does not mean cyber deterrence is doomed to failure.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 威慑，制止; 制止物，制止因素; 挽留的事物; 核威慑
分布：威慑(91%)，妨碍物(5%)，制止(4%)
N-UNCOUNT
（尤指对战争或犯罪的）威慑，吓阻，遏制
Deterrence is the prevention of something, especially war or crime, by having something such as weapons or punishment to use as a threat.
例：...policies of nuclear deterrence.核威慑政策
n. 威慑；妨碍物；挽留的事物
 - preventer

Word: limp
Front: limp
[lɪmp] (研六托雅宝 9496/9898 -2)
Vocabulary: limp
(once / 518 pages)
1vn 2adj
If you walk unevenly, you have a limp. Maybe you pulled your hamstring at the annual Thanksgiving Day Football Showdown, or maybe one leg is three inches shorter than the other. Whatever the reason, if your gait is off kilter, you limp.
You can have a limp (the noun), or you can limp (the verb), and both mean that for some reason your legs don’t work quite in synch. Limp can also be an adjective that means "not strong or firm," like your friends' limp response to your invitation to come help paint your house or when your hair looks limp, meaning it's just hanging, with no volume or style.
WORD FAMILY
limp: limped, limper, limping, limpingly, limply, limpness, limps+/limper: limpers/limping: limpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He limped off the field, but he didn’t think the injury was serious.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 跛行; 挣扎着慢慢前进; （诗的）韵律紊乱
vi. 一瘸一拐地走; 困难地航行
adj. 无力的; 无生气的; 易弯的; 松软的
时态：limped, limping, limps
分布：跛行(39%)，柔软的(20%)，无力的(15%)，蹒跚(13%)，软弱的(13%)
→来自*limp,跛的，来自Proto-Germanic*limpana,悬垂，垂下，引申词义一脚长，一脚短，跛脚的，无生气的。
a.柔软的,易曲的v./n.蹒跚,跛行The limping shrimp impulsively implemented the compulsory duty.跛行的虾冲动实现强制的职责.
【反】firm（adj 结实的；稳固的）
verb
PERSON/ANIMAL 人／动物
intransitive
■to walk slowly and with difficulty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot 瘸着脚走，跛行
• Three minutes into the match, Jackson limped off the pitch with a serious ankle injury. 比赛刚刚开始三分钟，杰克逊就因脚踝严重受伤而下场。
[lɪmp] verb
PROCESS/THING 事／过程
intransitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to move or develop slowly and with difficulty 步履维艰；缓慢发展
• The little boat limped slowly towards the shore. 那艘小船缓慢地向岸边靠近。
• After limping along for almost two years, the economy is starting to show signs of recovery. 经过差不多两年的徘徊，经济开始出现了复苏的迹象。
[lɪmp] adjective
■soft and neither firm nor stiff 软的，柔软的；轻柔的
• a limp lettuce leaf/salad 软塌塌的莴苣叶／沙拉
• a limp handshake 软弱无力的握手
[lɪmp] noun only singular
■a way of walking slowly and with diffculty because of having an injured or painful leg or foot （因为腿脚受伤或疼痛）艰难缓慢的行走
• She has a slight limp. 她有点瘸。
• He walks with a limp. 他走路一瘸一拐的。
adj. 柔软的，无力的；软弱的
 - weak, soft, tender, ductile
vi. 跛行，一拐一拐地走；缓慢费力地前进
 - hirple, hilch
n. 跛行
 - claudication, hirple

Word: his/her

Word: trolley
Front: trolley
[ˈtrɒli] (研六托雅 12139/6071 -1)
Back: n. 手推车; 触轮; 电车，有轨电车; 空中吊运车
vt. &vi. 载运用有轨电车运送（乘客）; 乘电车
分布：手推车(100%)
→可能来自 troll,旋转，滚动。
n.手推车;(英)无轨电车,(美)有轨电车The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
FOR CARRYING 用于运送
 ADVANCED UK (US cart)
■a small vehicle with two or four wheels that you push or pull to transport large or heavy objects on （装有两个或四个轮子、运送大件或重物的）手推车
• a shopping trolley 购物车
• The hospital is so overcrowded that some patients are being treated on trolleys in the corridors. 医院过分拥挤，一些病人只好在走廊的担架车上接受治疗。
• Why will supermarket trolleys never move in the direction that you push them in? 为甚么超市的购物车总是不听人使唤呢？
■UK (US cart)
■a table on four small wheels with one or more shelves under it which is used for serving food or drinks （装有四个小轮、有一个或多个搁板、运送食物或饮料的）小推车，台车
• Betty almost ran me over with her tea trolley as I was walking into the office! 我走进办公室时，贝蒂推着茶具车差点把我撞倒了！
• Every thirty minutes or so the flight attendant would wheel the drinks trolley down the aisle. 大约每隔30分钟就会有航班乘务员推着饮料车沿着通道走过。
UK ['trɒl.i] US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
VEHICLE 车辆 (also trolleycar) US for
■ tram
• You can catch the number 47 trolley from the train station. 你可以从火车站乘47路有轨电车。
UK ['trɒl.i] US ['trɑ:.li] noun countable (plural trolleys or trollies)
off your trolley UK informal
■behaving in an extremely unusual way or doing something very silly 疯疯癫癫，失去理智；十分愚蠢
• Anyone who saw us doing this would think we were off our trolleys. 任何人看到我们这样做都会以为我们疯了。
• Have you gone completely off your trolley? You'll never get away with it! 你是不是完全疯了？你决不会逃脱掉的！
n. 手推车；（美）无轨电车（等于streetear）；（英）有轨电车（等于trolleybus）；空中吊运车
 - pushcart, manual truck
vi. [车辆] 乘电车
 - tram

Word: rarity
Front: rarity
[ˈreərəti] (12100/9964 -1)
Back: n. 稀有，罕见; 稀薄，稀少; 珍品，罕见的东西
分布：稀有(63%)，珍品(23%)，稀薄(14%)
→来自 rare,罕见的。
【反】frequency（n 频率；频繁性出现的情况）
US ['rer.ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■something that is very unusual, or the quality of being very unusual 罕见的东西（或人）；稀有，罕见
• Men who do the cooking are something of a rarity. 做饭的男人还真是少见。
• Diamonds are valuable because of their rarity. 钻石贵重是因为它很稀有。
n. 罕见；珍贵；珍品（需用复数）；稀薄
 - treasure, pearl

Word: biomedical
Front: biomedical
[ˌbaɪəʊˈmedɪkl] (12136/25427)
Back: adj. （有关）生物医学的
分布：生物医学的(100%)
ADJ
生物医学的
Biomedical research examines the effects of drugs and medical techniques on the biological systems of living creatures.
例：Biomedical research will enable many individuals infected with HIV to live longer, more comfortable lives.生物医学研究将会使许多艾滋病患者延长生命、提高生命质量。
例：...the advance of biomedical science.生物医学的进步

Word: vascular
Front: vascular
[ˈvæskjələ(r)] (宝 12123/13413)
Vocabulary: vascular
(once / 8395 pages)
adj
Use the adjective vascular when you're talking about blood vessels. One side effect of long-term smoking is vascular disease.
The word vascular comes up in medicine and anatomy whenever there's discussion of the circulatory system, the series of vessels carrying blood around the body. Plants have vascular systems too, to carry water and nutrients throughout their systems. The word vascular comes from the Latin vascularis, "of or pertaining to vessels or tubes."
WORD FAMILY
vascular: vascularise, vascularity, vascularize+/vascularise: vascularisation, vascularised/vascularize: vascularization, vascularized
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause was vascular dementia, said her daughter, Karen Moore.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
His family said the cause was vascular dementia.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
One idea is that the changes have been largely due to shifts in fluid occupying the body's vascular spaces.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 脉管的; 血管的; 含有血管的; 充满活力的
分布：血管的(64%)，脉管的(31%)，充满活力的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vas,容器，词源同vase,vessel,-cul,小词后缀，引申词义血管。
血管的(vasc血管+ular)[-ular表形容词"有…形状或性质的"]
【记】vascul＝vessel（n 船；容器；脉管），ar－血管的
US [-lɚ] specialized
adjective
■relating to the tubes which carry blood or liquids in animals and plants 血管的；（植物）维管的
• the vascular system 脉管系统
• vascular disease 血管疾病
• a vascular surgeon 血管外科医生
adj. [生物] [植] 血管的
 - hemal, vasal

Word: left
Front: left
[left] (中高 771/1045 -K3)
Vocabulary: left
(once / 11 pages)
1adjadvn 2adj 3nadj
If you are holding a compass and facing north, the direction to the west of you is also to your left. Left is the opposite of "right."
People who are left-handed write with their left hands. and when you take a left turn on your bike, you should signal by holding your left arm straight out to the left. When left is an adjective, it has a completely different meaning: something that's left on the table, or remaining there, will probably be thrown away by your waiter. The Old English root is luft-, "weak," as most right-handed folks are weaker on their left sides.
WORD FAMILY
left: lefter, leftest, leftish, leftism, leftmost, lefts+/leftism: leftist/leftist: leftists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was left lamenting that final throw in an aggressive attempt to win.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I am in a shower when I find a lump in my left breast, and I am stunned.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
My parents would like to retire and move near their granddaughter, but they fear that if they left he would commit suicide.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 左边的，左侧的; 左派的
n. 左，左面; [军]左翼; 左派，激进分子
adv. 向左; 在左边
v. 离开( leave的过去式和过去分词)
分布：左边(48%)，向左(24%)，左边的(24%)，动词leave的过去式和过去分词形式.(2%)，左派分子(2%)
→来自拉丁语laevus,左边。
n.左面,左方a.左边的,左面的;在左方的Turn left at the corner.在拐角处向左拐.
adjective adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■on or towards the side of your body that is to the west when you are facing north 左边（的），左侧（的）
• His left eye was heavily bandaged. 他的左眼被严严实实地包扎了起来。
• Turn left at the lights. 在红绿灯处左转。
Compare right
[left] noun
DIRECTION 方向
 ESSENTIAL only singular
■the left side 左边，左侧
• First I'll introduce the speaker sitting on my left. 首先我来介绍一下坐在我左边的发言者。
• Take the first/second/third on the left. 请选左侧第一／二／三个。
• It's the shop to the left of the pub. 就是酒吧左侧的那间商店。
• US After the grocery store I made/took/ informalhung a left (= turned into the next road on the left side). 过了杂货店，我向左转了个弯。
[left] noun
POLITICS 政治
the left (also the Left) only singular [+ sing/pl verb]
 ADVANCED
■the political groups that believe wealth and power should be shared between all parts of society 左派团体；左派政党
• The war is generally opposed on the left. 这场战争受到左派团体的普遍反对。
Compare the right
[left] verb past simple and past participle of
■ leave
[left] adjective
■relating to political groups that believe wealth and power should be shared between all parts of society 左派的；左翼的（政治团体，认为社会中的财富和权力应平均分配）
• The left wing of the party is unhappy with the legislation. 党内左派对此项立法表示不满。

Word: mite
Front: mite
[maɪt] (宝 12112/12311 -1)
Vocabulary: mite
(once / 1599 pages)
1n 2n
Mite is one of many words for a very small amount, like a bit and a jot. A mite is teeny-weeny and itty-bitty. It's not much at all.
Put away your ruler, because you can't measure a mite any more than you can measure a smidge, a tad, a speck, a tough, or a pinch — all English words for a tiny amount. Such words are useful when making polite requests. If someone's just barely blocking your car, you might ask them to move theirs just a mite. If you say you'll be back in just a mite, you won't keep the person waiting long.
WORD FAMILY
mite: mites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its youngest level is the Mites division, which is open to first and second graders.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Other studies, many backed by industry, pointed to the varroa mite, and some saw both factors at play.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The presumption that because you love a partner you’ll unreservedly love their offspring has always seemed a mite unrealistic to me.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小虫; 极小量; 小孩子; 微小的东西
分布：小虫(78%)，极少量(11%)，小家伙(11%)
→来自古英语mite,小虫，螨，来自Proto-Germanic*mai,砍，切，词源同maim,mangle.字面意思即小剪刀。
【记】原指：一种小的法兰德西硬币mit麻省理工，e饿：麻省理工号称疯人院，是因为在饿了的时候吃mite。
noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable
■a very small animal similar to a spider 螨
• a red spider mite 红叶螨
[maɪt] noun
CHILD 孩子
countable mainly UK informal
■a young child, especially one deserving sympathy because they are ill or hungry （常指因生病或饥饿而应受怜爱的）小孩
• Poor little mite, he looks so tired. 可怜的小家伙，他看来很累。
[maɪt] noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular old-fashioned
■a very small amount 少量，一点点
• I couldn't eat another mite. 我一点也吃不下了。
a mite old-fashioned informal
■slightly 一点；少许，几分
• He seemed a mite embarrassed. 他似乎有点尴尬。
n. 极小量；小虫；小孩儿；微小的东西
 - particle, bug

Word: interdependence
Front: interdependence
[ˌɪntədɪ'pendəns] (托 12165/15734)
Vocabulary: interdependence
(once / 12862 pages)
n
Interdependence is mutual dependence between things. If you study biology, you’ll discover that there is a great deal of interdependence between plants and animals.
Inter- means "between," so interdependence is dependence between things. We often use interdependence to describe complex systems. Marriage creates a state of interdependence between spouses. If your dog provides you with love and happiness, and you provide your dog with food and walks (and love and happiness), then your relationship with your dog is one of interdependence.
WORD FAMILY
interdependence: interdependences+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependency: dependencies/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent /interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
While economic interdependence between the two nations is high, that also means the stakes are high.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
The play’s message about interdependence may seem simple enough, but this is no kiddie show.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Stern said there’s a level of interdependence in South Dakota that he finds very compelling that “cuts across communities.”
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 互相依赖; 互赖
分布：互相依赖(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
相互依赖;相互依存
Interdependence is the condition of a group of people or things that all depend on each other.
例：...the interdependence of nations.国家间的相互依存
例：...economic interdependence.经济上的相互依赖
n. [统计] 互相依赖
 - codependency

Word: rudimentary
Front: rudimentary
[ˌru:dɪˈmentri] (托宝 12107/11841 -1)
Vocabulary: rudimentary
(once / 2245 pages)
1adj 2adj
Rudimentary means basic, or at a very early stage. The test should be easy: it requires only a rudimentary understanding of the materials.
The word rude means simple or offensive––people with only rudimentary understanding of good manners might not know how that belching is rude. Remember that the word rude is the foundation of rudimentary you'll have a rudimentary understanding of the word.
WORD FAMILY
rudimentary: rudimentarily+/ rudiment: rudimentary, rudiments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, Schacter’s own work and contributions from other laboratories suggest that people with amnesia aren’t able to do the most rudimentary exercises in future projection.
The New Yorker(Dec 20, 2016)
Not long ago, voice recognition was comically rudimentary.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Noah’s fairly rudimentary questions got predictably off-the-wall answers rooted in mean-spirited oddity.
Time(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 基本的，初步的; 发育不完全的，未成熟的; 退化的
分布：基本的(69%)，初步的(26%)，未充分发展的(5%)
→rudiment,基本，基础，-ary,形容词后缀。
【记】rudi＝rude（adj 粗鲁的）－还处于粗鲁状态－初步的
【参】erudite（adj 博学的；深奥的）；rudiments（n 初步；入门）
【反】full developed（充分发展的）；fully realized（充分认识的）；highly evolved（高度发展的）
US [-tɚ-] formal
adjective
■basic 基本的；初步的；粗浅的
• Her knowledge is still only rudimentary. 她仍然只是粗通皮毛。
■describes methods, equipment, systems, etc. that are simple and not very well developed 原始的；简陋的；未充分发展的
• specialized Some unusual fish have rudimentary legs. 有些罕见的鱼类长有未发育完全的腿。
adj. 基本的；初步的；退化的；残遗的； [昆] 未发展的
 - elementary, basic, fundamental, essential, primary

Word: biceps
Front: biceps
[ˈbaɪseps] (12143/-)
Back: n. 二头肌，强健的筋肉
分布：二头肌(100%)
→前缀bi-, 二。词根cep, 头，词源同cap.
['baɪ.seps] (plural biceps)
noun countable
■the large muscle at the front of the upper arm （上臂前侧的）二头肌 Compare triceps

Word: onward
Front: onward
[ˈɒnwəd] (六 12108/15062 -1)
Back: adj. 向前的，前进的
adv. 向前; 在前面
分布：向前的(37%)，前进的(29%)，向前(17%)，前进(17%)
→on,在上，向上，-ward,朝向，词源同toward.
US ['ɑ:n.wɚd] formal
adjective [before noun]
■moving forward to a later time or a more distant (= farther away) place 以后的；向前的，前进的
• the onward march of time. 时间的推移
• UK If you are continuing on an onward flight , your bags will be transferred automatically. 如果你要转机继续飞行，你的行李也会自动转机。
UK ['ɒn.wəd] US ['ɑ:n.wɚd] formal
adjective [before noun]
onward and upward
■becoming more and more successful 步步高升；越来越成功
• Her publishing career started as an editorial assistant on a women's magazine and it was onward and upward from there. 她的出版事业从在一家女性杂志做编辑助理起步，越做越成功。
adj. 向前的；前进的
 - forward, ahead, advancing, ongoing
adv. 向前；在前面
 - forth, to, ahead, along, front

Word: proficient
Front: proficient
[prəˈfɪʃnt] (六托宝 12137/18607)
Vocabulary: proficient
(once / 1749 pages)
adj
When someone has become good at something, they are proficient. After all those hours playing video games, you must be very proficient at them.
Proficient comes from the Latin for making progress, so if someone is proficient, they have made so much progress that they've become good at something. Use proficient to talk about improvement through practice instead of natural ability; even a person with no inherent skill at language can become proficient in Latin. If you're proficient at tennis, you're good, but it doesn't imply the kind of mastery for which the expert is used.
WORD FAMILY
proficient: proficiency, proficiently+/ proficiency: proficiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Intel focuses on central processing units, the general-purpose chips proficient in completing a wide range of tasks and quickly switching from one to the next.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Wolfgang Puck in charge here is the proficient overseer of high-end hotel amenities, not the chef who crossed boundaries and defined an earlier era.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Clinton’s behemoth of an operation was by far more technically proficient, but ultimately suffered because of the candidate.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 精通的，熟练的
n. 能手，老手，专家
分布：熟练的(58%)，精通的(28%)，能手(14%)
→pro-,向前，-fic,做，词源同efficacy,fact.引申词义熟练的。
精通的;熟练的(pro+fici做+ent→做在[别人]前面→精通)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
精通的,熟练的(pro前+fic+ient→以前做过→熟练的)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【记】源于：profit（n 利润），由于profit的驱使，才有了proficient
【区】sufficient（adj 足够的）；deficient（adj 缺乏的）
【反】inept（adj 不适当的；无能的）；incompetent（adj 不合格的）
adjective
■skilled and experienced 熟练的；精通的
• a proficient swimmer 游泳好手
• She's proficient in two languages. 她精通两种语言。
• It takes a couple of years of regular driving before you become proficient at it. 你得开上几年车才能熟练自如。
expert, skilled, skillful, proficient
这组词都有“熟练的”的意思，其区别是：
expert: 特指有某项专长，有某方面经验。
skilled: 通常指已掌握某行业的专业技能或手段，或已有从事某一专门工作的本领或技术。
skillful: 指在工作或操作中表现出灵巧、熟练。
proficient: 多指擅长于某事，侧重技艺或科学方面。
adj. 熟练的，精通的
 - experienced, skilled, accomplished, perfect, clever
n. 精通；专家，能手
 - expert, specialist

Word: instrumentation
Front: instrumentation
[ˌɪnstrəmenˈteɪʃn] (12089/16200 -1)
Back: n. 使用仪器，装设仪器; 乐器法; 乐曲研究; 手段
分布：仪表化(48%)，测试设备(42%)，谱写器乐(10%)
→来自instrument,工具，仪器。
[ˌɪn.strə.men'teɪ.ʃən] specialized
noun uncountable
MUSIC 音乐
■the particular combination of musical instruments that are used to play a piece of music 乐器演奏法
[ˌɪn.strə.men'teɪ.ʃən] specialized
noun uncountable
TOOL 用具
■the set of instruments that are used to operate a machine 控制仪器

Word: metropolis
Front: metropolis
[məˈtrɒpəlɪs] (托宝 12106/14084 -1)
Vocabulary: metropolis
(once / 393 pages)
n
A large, densely populated urban area is called a metropolis. "She liked living in a metropolis because there were many opportunities in a city that were not available elsewhere, like 24-hour diners."
The noun metropolis comes from the Greek roots mētēr, meaning "mother," and pólis, meaning "city." Historically, the word referred to the founding city-state of a region in Ancient Greece. Today the word refers to any urban area. The largest metropolis in Massachusetts is Boston, which is also the capital. Sometimes people use the word metropolis ironically or sarcastically: "She came from the booming metropolis of Tumbleweed, population 325."
WORD FAMILY
metropolis: metropolises, metropolitan +/ metropolitan: metropolitans
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sense of isolation from the modern metropolises on the faraway coast persists.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nick Paumgarten wrote about the centrality of the elevator to the modern metropolis in his 2008 story “Up and Then Down.”
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Live with the massive Metropolis condominium and hotel project under construction to the north by another Chinese developer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 大都市，大都会; 首府，首都; 大主教区; 大城市
分布：大都市(92%)，首府(5%)，重要中心(3%)
→来自希腊语meter,母亲，词源同mother,polis,城市，词源同police,policy.比喻用法。
[metro母,polis城市;"母城"→首城,最大的城]大城市,主要城市,大都会,首府[母matr(i);mater;metro]
大城市;首府(metro[=matro]+polis城市→母亲城→首府)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
大都市(metro母亲+polis→母亲城→大城市)[polic,polis,polit=state,city,表示"国家,城市"]
US [-'trɑ:.pəl-] noun countable formal
■a very large city, often the most important city in a large area or country 大城市，大都会；首府；首都
• Soon afterwards he left to begin his career in the metropolis. 不久之后他就迁移到大城市去开展事业了。
• a sprawling/bustling/modern metropolis 不断向外扩展的／繁忙的／现代化的大都市
n. [建] 大都市；首府；重要中心
 - bigalopolis

Word: hip-hop
Front: hip-hop
['hɪph'ɒp] (-1)
Back: n. 嬉蹦舞乐曲; 街舞; 嘻哈
分布：嘻哈(44%)，嘻哈的(28%)，街舞(28%)
US [-hɑ:p] noun uncountable
■a type of popular music in which the subject of the songs is often politics or society and the words are spoken rather than sung 嬉哈音乐（采用说唱形式，主题常涉及政治或社会的一种流行音乐）
n. 街舞，即兴音乐；嘻哈
 - poping

Word: detached
Front: detached
[dɪˈtætʃt] (托宝 12117/7547 -1)
Vocabulary: detached
(once / 618 pages)
adj
If something is detached, it stands apart from something else. That goes for people, emotions, retinas, garages, and just about anything else that can be disconnected or uninvolved.
In the simplest sense, detached means "not attached." Which is a fine state to be in if you're talking about houses (it means they're not connected, like row houses) or dogs (who were chomping down on your leg a few minutes ago). But if a person is emotionally detached, be careful: They're not in touch with their own emotions, or very interested in understanding yours.
WORD FAMILY
detached: detachedly, semidetached+/ detach: detachable, detached, detaches, detaching, detachment /detachable: detachably/ detachment: detachments
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the transmitter eventually detached, likely because of old boat strike scars, so biologists didn’t attach another one.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A little flat, without emotion, but so detached that it becomes melancholy and instantly nostalgic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Saturday in a detached garage at the Fourth Avenue home.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 分离的，分开的; 公平的; 超然的; 分遣的，派遣的
v. 分开(detach的过去式和过去分词); 分离，退出; 派遣
分布：分离的(40%)，超然的(36%)，独立的(24%)
【记】detach（vt 分开；分离），de不，tach接触－不接触－分开
【参】attachment（n 附件；配属）；detachment（n 分开；超然；分离）
【反】tether（v 束缚）－detach（v 分离）
adjective
SEPARATE 分开的
■separated 分离的，分开的；拆下的
• The label became detached from your parcel. 标签 已经从你的包裹上掉下来了。
■describes a house that is not connected to any other building （房子）独幢的，独立的 Compare semi-detached
[dɪ'tætʃt] adjective
NO EMOTION 毫不关心的
■describes someone who does not show any emotional involvement or interest in a situation 认为与己无关的；毫不关心的，心不在焉的
• She seemed a bit detached, as if her mind were on other things. 她似乎有些心不在焉，好像把心思都放在了别的事情上。
• Throughout the novel, the story is seen through the eyes of a detached observer. 整部小说的故事情节都是从一个旁观者的角度展开的。
adj. 分离的，分开的；超然的
 - apart, divided, isolated, separate
v. 分离
 - keep apart, draw apart

Word: affectionate
Front: affectionate
[əˈfekʃənət] (托 12111/11434 -1)
Vocabulary: affectionate
(once / 256 pages)
adj
Being affectionate is being warm, tender, and loving. A hug is an affectionate gesture.
Affectionate words and actions show love, liking, or compassion. Kissing on the check, holding hands, and hugging are all affectionate. This word usually doesn't apply to sexual situations: being affectionate is a lot more innocent than that. Parents and children, teachers and students, brothers and sisters — they can all be affectionate to each other. It's hard to fake being affectionate, so we tend to be affectionate to people we genuinely like.
WORD FAMILY
affectionate: affectionately, affectionateness, affectionatest, unaffectionate+/unaffectionate: unaffectionately
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are still potential pitfalls, however, not least that Congress does not share an affectionate view of Mr. Putin.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She posted many selfies and snapshots with her toddlers, accompanied by affectionate messages.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
"Be filial to your parents, affectionate to your brothers and sisters," they chant.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 深情的，挚爱的; 慈爱的; 有感情的; 亲热
分布：充满感情的(80%)，示爱的(20%)
充满感情的(affection感情+ate)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
adjective
■showing feelings of liking or love 表示爱的；充满深情的；有感情的
• an affectionate kiss 深情的一吻
• He's an affectionate little boy. 他是个很有爱心的小男孩。

Word: incarceration
Front: incarceration
[ɪnˌkɑ:sə'reɪʃn] (12142/21624)
Vocabulary: incarceration
(once / 7439 pages)
n
Incarceration is the state of being in prison. If you don't fancy incarceration, don't go through with that bank heist.
The noun incarceration comes from the Latin word carcer, meaning "jail." There are many different types of incarceration. If you commit a crime and get locked up, that's one form of incarceration. Some people might feel that school is a form of incarceration. Some highly religious people think of the body as an incarceration of the spirit. A great synonym for this word is captivity.
WORD FAMILY
incarceration: incarcerations+/ incarcerate: incarcerated, incarcerates, incarcerating, incarceration
USAGE EXAMPLES
The project also seeks to correlate those outcomes with 123 social and economic factors such as government spending, proficiency in reading and rates of incarceration.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Like the film’s title character, the artist, Tyrus Wong, weathered irrevocable separation from his mother, incarceration, isolation and rigorous interrogation — all as a child.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was sentenced by Superior Court Judge Scott Bradley to 15 years’ incarceration.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 监禁，禁闭; 钳闭
分布：监禁(84%)，幽闭(8%)，下狱(8%)
VERB
监禁;禁闭
If people are incarcerated, they are kept in a prison or other place.
例：They were incarcerated for the duration of the war...战争期间,他们被关在狱中。
例：It can cost $40,000 to $50,000 to incarcerate a prisoner for a year.监禁一名囚犯一年要花费 4 万到 5 万美元。
n. 监禁；下狱；禁闭
 - prison, imprisonment

Word: gorge
Front: gorge
[gɔ:dʒ] (托宝 12154/10137 -1)
Vocabulary: gorge
(once / 548 pages)
1n 2v
A gorge is a very deep crevice between two mountains or hills. Gorges are formed by rivers running through and eroding rock over a very long period of time.
The Latin root of gorge means "throat," leading to both the "narrow passage" meaning and the French gorgier, "to swallow," which influenced the verb version of gorge, "to overeat." You may love to gorge on ice cream, but the stomachache afterword won't be very pleasant. To remember the "canyon" meaning, think of the famous upstate New York bumper sticker, “Ithaca is gorges.” It's a play on gorgeous, meaning beautiful, and the beautiful ravines in the area.
WORD FAMILY
gorge: disgorge, engorge, gorged, gorger, gorges, gorging, overgorge, regorge+/ disgorge: disgorged, disgorgement, disgorges, disgorging/disgorgement: disgorgements/engorge: engorged, engorgement, engorges, engorging/gorger: gorgers/overgorge: overgorged/regorge: regorged
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here it seems like most young people are super overweight and getting together means doing something super-sedentary and gorging yourself on food.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
This year’s programs in New York include a seal walk, winter woodlands, a history tour, a snowshoe waterfall hike, gorge walks and pet-friendly treks.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the current conflict-rich environment, Wall Street gorges itself on the public’s retirement assets.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 山峡，峡谷; 咽喉; 暴食; 障碍物
vt. 使吃饱; 吞下; 使扩张
vi. 狼吞虎咽，拚命吃
时态：gorged, gorging, gorges
分布：峡谷(69%)，狼吞虎咽(9%)，咽喉(8%)，暴食(7%)，饱食(2%)，厌恶(2%)，大量食物(1%)，贪婪地吞咽(1%)，阻碍物(1%)
→来自gwere, 喉咙，吞没，拟声词，词源同vorocity. 引申义峡谷。比较gulch.
吞咽,峡谷[gorg=throat(喉)]
【记】gorge＝throat（n 咽喉）－峡谷
【参】gauge（n 标准；规格v 测量）读：稿纸；gouge（n 半圆凿vt 欺骗）
US [gɔ:rdʒ] noun
VALLEY 山谷
countable
■a deep narrow valley with steep sides, usually formed by a river or stream cutting through hard rock （通常指河流冲刷而成的）峡，峡谷
UK [gɔ:dʒ] US [gɔ:rdʒ] noun
DISGUST 厌恶
make your gorge rise
■to make you feel shocked, sick and angry 令人作呕；令人愤怒
UK [gɔ:dʒ] US [gɔ:rdʒ] verb [I or R]
■to eat until you are unable to eat any more 狼吞虎咽；塞饱
• [R] If you gorge your self on crisps like that, you won't eat your dinner. 你要是那样狼吞虎咽地吃薯片，晚饭就吃不下了。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
n. [地理] 峡谷；胃；暴食； [机] 咽喉；障碍物
 - stomach, barrier, block, canyon, bottleneck
vt. 使吃饱；吞下；使扩张
 - swallow down, get sth down
vi. 拚命吃；狼吞虎咽
 - gobble up, bolt down

Word: quirk
Front: quirk
[kwɜ:k] (研宝 12149/14107 -1)
Vocabulary: quirk
(once / 2323 pages)
1n 2v 3n
A quirk is a unique, odd, and sometimes charming trait that makes a person stand out from the crowd. Country comedian Minnie Pearl was known for her quirk of wearing a $1.98 price tag dangling from her hat.
A quirk can be an adorable little habit, like wearing flowery dresses and big sun bonnets or bow ties every day. Someone who has one or many quirks is said to be quirky — a little odd, but usually in a fun way. When it's not being used to describe people's unusual traits, quirk can mean a quick curve, or a groove, that runs along or separates the molding in a building.
WORD FAMILY
quirk: quirked, quirking, quirks, quirky +/ quirky: quirkily, quirkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even relatively benign neurological quirks – say, learning disabilities such as dyslexia – attract cynicism and suspicion.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
In fact, beauty often whips up some unattractive quirks, such as arrogance and over-confidence.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The company’s secret sauce: exploiting a quirk in how gas stations compete for customers.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 奇事，巧合; 怪癖; 突然的弯曲
分布：怪癖(74%)，急转(26%)
→词源不详，可能来自queer 的强化形式，引申词义怪癖，怪异。-k,表强调，比较hear,hark.
【记】qu去，irk（v 使厌倦）读：饿渴。去寻找饿渴的状态－怪癖
US [kwɝ:k] noun countable
■an unusual part of someone's personality or habit, or something that is strange and unexpected 怪癖；古怪之处
• You have to get used to other people's quirks and foibles. 你要习惯别人的怪癖和小缺点。
• There is a quirk in the rules that allows you to invest money without paying tax. 这些规章的奇怪之处在于其允许人们投资而不必缴税。
• By some strange quirk] By an odd quirk of fate (= unexpectedly) , we ended up on the same train. 说来奇怪，我们结果上了同一列火车。
n. 怪癖；急转；借口
 - excuse, blind

Word: antler
Front: antler
[ˈæntlə(r)] (12101/20616)
Vocabulary: antler
(once / 3185 pages)
n
An antler is one of a pair of horns that belong to most members of the deer family. An antler is usually curved and has branches.
Antlers come in pairs: there are two antlers coming out of a deer’s head. Antlers are branched like a tree limb, and some are very long and large. The elk is an animal with impressive antlers. Antlers look intimidating and can be used as a weapon by the deer when head-butting. Only the males have antlers in most species.
WORD FAMILY
antler: antler-like, antlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Antlers cut while still in velvet are the most valuable.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
You are getting the rice cakes because they are impaled on the antlers of a bronze deer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Madrid issued the medical reports on Thursday, 11 days after the team defeated Japanese side Kashima Antlers 4-2 in added time in the tournament final.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鹿角; 角枝
分布：鹿角(71%)，茸角(29%)
→词源不详。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a horn with parts like branches which grows on the head of a usually male deer 鹿角
• a pair of antlers 一对鹿角
n. [脊椎] 鹿角， [中医] 茸角；多叉鹿角
 - buckhorn, deerhorn

Word: earned
Front: earned
['ɜ:nd] (12156/20797)
Back: adj. 挣得的
v. 赚得( earn的过去式和过去分词 ); 挣钱; 生（利）; 获（利）
分布：挣得的(47%)，赚的(45%)，动词earn的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
VERB
赚取;挣得
If you earn money, you receive money in return for work that you do.
例：Charlie was earning eight pounds, I was earning five...查利赚了8英镑，我赚了5英镑。
例：What a lovely way to earn a living...谋生妙道啊！
VERB
盈（利）;生（利）
If something earns money, it produces money as profit or interest.
例：...a current account which earns little or no interest...利息很少或为零的活期账户
例：We buy everything abroad with the money earned from oil imports.我们用进口石油赚到的钱从国外购买一切商品。
VERB
赢得，博得（赞扬等）
If you earn something such as praise, you get it because you deserve it.
例：Companies must earn a reputation for honesty...公司必须树立诚信的声誉。
例：I think that's earned him very high admiration.我认为那一点为他赢得了极高的赞誉。
v. 挣得；引起（earn的过去分词）
 - invited, caused, prompted

Word: audit
Front: audit
[ˈɔ:dɪt] (研托雅宝 5503/3172 -2)
Vocabulary: audit
(once / 743 pages)
1vn 2v
An audit is a thorough counting, review, or assessment of a situation or collection of things. Before baking cookies, you'd better make an audit of the ingredients available to see whether there is enough sugar and butter.
The most common use of the word audit is with the Internal Revenue Service, which sometimes performs an audit of a taxpayer’s finances to see whether that taxpayer has accurately reported his or her income. It can also be used in this context as a verb. It's easy to get nervous if the IRS is planning to audit you! You can also audit a class if you attend but don't pay for it. Just don't think that you'll get credit towards graduation from that.
WORD FAMILY
audit: audited, auditing, auditor, audits+/ auditor: auditors
USAGE EXAMPLES
State Auditor and Inspector Gary Jones says he expects at least five of those counties to pass the audit next year.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He keeps copies of both checks in his books, seen by the AP, in case he is ever audited.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A state audit released in September found the number of liquor stores in Utah so inadequate that adding 19 would just keep up with demand.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 审计，查账
vt. 审计，查账; 旁听
vi. 审计
时态：audited, auditing, audits
分布：审计(94%)，旁听(5%)，查帐(1%)
v.审计;查帐;核对;旁听The audit of the man's estate revealed unpaid taxes.Some students are auditing the art class. but most are taking it for credit.
US ['ɑ:-] verb transitive
FINANCE 金融 specialized
■to make an official examination of the accounts of a business and produce a report 查…的账目；审计
UK ['ɔ:.dɪt] US ['ɑ:-] verb transitive
EDUCATION 教育 US to go to a class or educational course for pleasure or interest, without being tested or receiving a qualification at the end 旁听
• As a senior citizen, he is allowed to audit university classes. 作为一个老年人，他得到准许可以旁听大学的课程。
UK ['ɔ:.dɪt] US ['ɑ:-] noun countable
■an official examination of the accounts of a business 查…的账目；审计
• The company has an audit at the end of each financial year. 这间公司在每个财政年度的年末都要进行一次审计。
vi. 审计； [审计] 查帐
 - examine and verify
vt. （美）旁听
 - sit in on

Word: marshal
Front: marshal
[ˈmɑ:ʃl] (六宝 10929/8112 -2)
Vocabulary: marshal
(once / 336 pages)
nv
A federal marshal knocks on your door. You panic: a marshal is a law officer. What do you do? You marshal your thoughts, that is, put them in order.
Marshal derives from the Old French mareschal, for stable officer. The stable officer had charge of the horses, tending to them, putting them in order, readying them for action. If you are a marshal, you're an officer. If you marshal yourself, you get yourself ready, preparing for action.
WORD FAMILY
marshal: marshaled, marshaling, marshalled, marshalling, marshalship+/marshalship: marshalships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause of the fire remains under investigation by the State Fire Marshal’s office.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Holyoke Fire Department and the State Fire Marshal’s Office are investigating the cause of the fire.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Media outlets report that the West Virginia State Fire Marshal is investigating the cause of the early Saturday blaze in Gilboa.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 元帅; 典礼官; 执法官; 消防局长
vt. 整理，排列，集结
vi. 排列; 编队
时态：marshalled, marshalling, marshals
分布：典礼官(34%)，整顿(22%)，配置(20%)，汇集(14%)，陆空军元帅(5%)，司仪官(5%)
→来自古法语mareschal,军事统帅，总管，来自mare,母马，-schal,仆人，来自skel,分开，分类，词源同scale,shell.其原义为养马的仆人，马夫，弼马温，后词义扩大，引申词义皇室总管，军队统帅，元帅。比较minister.
US ['mɑ:r-] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to bring together or organize people or things in order to achieve a particular aim 集中；统率；管理
• The fighting in the city followed reports of the rebels marshalling their forces in the countryside. 叛军在郊外集结力量的消息传出后，城内发生了战斗。
• The company is marshalling its forces/resources for a long court case. 这家公司正集中力量／资源打一场旷日费时的官司。
• They had marshalled an armada of 1000 boats and a squadron of 70 aircraft to help clear up the oil. 他们调集了1000艘船和70架飞机来协助清理油污。
• It is unlikely that the rebels will be able to marshal as much firepower as the government troops. 叛军不太可能组织起和政府军同样强大的火力。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICIAL 官员
■an official who is involved in the organization of a public event 司仪，司礼官
• Marshals struggled in vain to prevent spectators rushing onto the racetrack. 组织者竭力想阻止观众冲到跑道上去，但根本没用。
• US The parade's grand marshal (= the person leading it) carried an elaborately carved staff. 游行队伍的领队手持一根雕刻精美的指挥棒。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
LAW 法律 US a government official who is responsible for putting the decisions of a law court into action 执法官
• US marshals specialize in finding fugitives and escapees. 美国的执法官专门负责追踪逃犯及越狱犯。
UK ['mɑ:.ʃəl] US ['mɑ:r-] noun countable
OFFICER 军官
■a title used for important officers in the armed forces of some countries 元帅；最高指挥官
• a field marshal] air vice marshal 陆军元帅／空军少将
■US
■a title used for police or fire officers in some parts of the United States 警察局长；消防队长
• The deputy state fire marshal led the arson investigation. 州消防局副局长负责调查这件纵火案。
n. [军] 元帅；司仪
 - officiator
vt. 整理；引领；编列
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 排列
 - arrange, form

Word: counteract
Front: counteract
[ˌkaʊntərˈækt] (六托宝 12113/9701 -1)
Back: vt. 抵消; 阻碍; 中和
时态：counteracted, counteracting, counteracts
分布：对抗(48%)，抵制(26%)，中和(20%)，清除(6%)
→counter-, 同contra-，相对，相反。-act, 行为。
对抗;抵消(counter+act行为→反着行动→对抗)[counter-表示"反对,相反"]
抵抗;抵消(counter反＋act→反着动→力量对抗→抵消)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
【记】counter反，act动作－以相反的行动使无效或减清效果－抵消
US [-tˌɚ.ækt] verb transitive
■to reduce or remove the effect of something unwanted by producing an opposite effect 抵消；对抗；减少
• Drinking a lot of water counteracts the dehydrating effects of hot weather. 大量饮水可缓解炎热天气引起的脱水。
vt. 抵消；中和；阻碍
 - offset, kill, slow

Word: magnesium
Front: magnesium
[mægˈni:ziəm] (托 12167/16350 -1)
Back: n. [化]镁（金属元素）
分布：镁(100%)
→来自magnesia,镁砂，-um,金属元素后缀。
noun uncountable
■a silver-white metal element that burns very brightly and is used in making fireworks （化学元素）镁

Word: bluntly
Front: bluntly
[ˈblʌntli] (六 12138/11512)
Back: adv. 钝地; 率直地; 迟钝地
分布：迟钝地(45%)，钝地(33%)，直率地(22%)
adverb
■If you speak bluntly, you speak without trying to be polite or considering other people's feelings 直言不讳
• She told me bluntly that I should lose weight. 她直言不讳地告诉我我应该减肥。
• To put it bluntly, I can't afford it. 坦率地说，我买不起。
adv. 坦率地，直率地；迟钝地
 - freely, directly, straight

Word: agitate
Front: agitate
[ˈædʒɪteɪt] (研托宝 12134/13895 -1)
Vocabulary: agitate
(once / 179 pages)
1v 2v
Agitate means to stir up. If you watch a horror movie at bedtime, you may be too agitated to sleep. Movies like that can agitate all sorts of adrenaline responses in the body.
Agitate derives from a Latin word that means "to drive away." The meaning has changed, but you can see where old meets new—a washing machine agitates dirty clothes in warm soapy water to drive away the dirt. You agitate or shake up salad dressing to mix it, driving the oil away into the vinegar.
WORD FAMILY
agitate: agitated, agitates, agitating, agitation, agitative, agitator+/ agitated: agitatedly, unagitated/agitating: agitatingly/ agitation: agitations/agitator: agitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yeah, when he becomes agitated lights flash and bad guys are hurtled into the air.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
You will not need to worry and to fight and to agitate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅动，摇动; 使不安; 激烈讨论
vi. 鼓动，煽动
时态：agitated, agitating, agitates
分布：煽动(52%)，搅动(39%)，焦虑(9%)
→来自词根ag, 做。此处指做坏事。
鼓动;搅动(ag+itate表动作→反复作→鼓动)[ag=do,act,表示"做,代理做"]
v.摇动(液体);使焦虑不安;困扰;鼓动She was agitated by the bad news.坏消息使她的心绪很乱.
verb
MAKE LESS CALM 使担忧
transitive
■to make someone feel anxious or angry 使焦虑；使躁动不安
• I didn't want to agitate her by telling her. 我不想告诉她，免得她焦虑。
['ædʒ.ɪ.teɪt] verb
ARGUE 争论
intransitive
■to argue forcefully, especially in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change （尤指公开）煽动，鼓动，大声疾呼
• The unions continue to agitate for higher pay. 工会继续大声疾呼要求加薪。
• As a young man, he had agitated against the Vietnam war. 他年轻时曾鼓动反对越南战争。
['ædʒ.ɪ.teɪt] verb
SHAKE 摇动
transitive specialized
■to shake a liquid 摇动；搅动
• Pour the powder into the solution and agitate it until the powder has dissolved. 将粉末倒入溶液中，搅动到溶解为止。
upset, perturb, agitate, disturb
这组词都有“使不安，使心烦意乱”的意思，其区别是：
upset: 最普通，最通俗用词，侧重失去精神上的平静，心理上完全丧失平衡。
perturb: 书面语用词，指使人焦急烦恼，扰得心情不安。
agitate: 侧重指内心的焦虑，难于控制，表露于外。
disturb: 指因某人的行动、扰乱、妨碍安静等而使人不得安宁。
vt. 摇动；骚动；使…激动
 - rock, shake
vi. 煽动
 - blow the coals, stir up

Word: hardened
Front: hardened
['hɑ:dnd] (12140/11471)
Back: adj. 变硬的，坚毅的
v. （使）变硬( harden的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）坚固; （使）硬化; （使）变得坚强
分布：冷酷的(34%)，动词harden的过去式和过去分词.(22%)，有核防护设施的(22%)，麻木的(22%)
US ['hɑ:r-] adjective
a hardened criminal/detective, etc.
■someone who has had a lot of bad experiences and as a result does not get upset or shocked 老练的罪犯／侦探等
be/become hardened to sth
■to develop a way of dealing with a sad situation so that it no longer upsets you 变得对…不在乎
• You see all sorts of terrible things when you're a nurse so you become hardened to it. 以前当护士时见过各种可怕的事，于是你就对这些习以为常了。
adj. 变硬的；坚定的
 - committed, firm, confirmed, stable, decisive

Word: duet
Front: duet
[djuˈet] (宝 12125/16219 -1)
Vocabulary: duet
(once / 2382 pages)
n
A duet is two people singing or playing musical instruments together. You and your brother might be a popular sidewalk duet with your fiddle-accordion combo.
If you have tickets for a musical duet, you'll be watching and listening to two performers. You can also call the composition that's written for the two of them a duet, since it has parts for two instruments. Two dancers can also perform a duet, a dance especially choreographed for a couple. Duet stems from the Italian duetto, "musical composition for two voices," from duo, or "two."
WORD FAMILY
duet: duets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Damrau and Mr. Grigolo were especially inspired during the four duets that form the dramatic crux of Gounod’s opera.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Instead, the movie proves that at this moment, an effervescent, tap-danced duet is just what we need. —
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In others, she sings duets with Gérard Depardieu and Julio Iglesias.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 二重奏，二重唱; 一对
分布：二重唱(54%)，二重奏(41%)，演奏二重奏或二重唱(5%)
→来自拉丁语duo, 二。用于音乐名词。比较quartet, quintet.
【区】duel（v /n 决斗）用的是l剑duet用的是t小提琴
US [du:-] noun countable
■a song or other piece of music sung or played by two people 二重唱（曲），二重奏（曲）
n. 二重奏
 - duo

Word: outfit
Front: outfit
[ˈaʊtfɪt] (研托雅 4400/5379 -2)
Vocabulary: outfit
(once / 456 pages)
1nv 2n
You can use the noun outfit to mean clothes that go together, like a shirt and pants that you always wear to job interviews. You might have spent hours choosing your first-day-of-school outfit.
An outfit is often selected for a special occasion, like a graduation outfit, an outfit for your cousin's party, or your rodeo outfit. An outfit is also a kit or set of tools that serve a specific purpose, and as a verb it means "provide with" or "equip." A girl scout leader, for example, will outfit her troops with water and sunblock for a long hike on a sunny summer day.
WORD FAMILY
outfit: outfits, outfitted, outfitter, outfitting+/outfitter: outfitters/outfitting: outfittings
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, Turkey's prime minister denied that the gunman wore a Santa Claus outfit.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At least one woman was fined by police for not wearing an outfit deemed to respect “good morals and secularism”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
However, Turkey’s prime minister denied that the gunman wore a Santa Claus outfit.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 全套装备; 一套服装; 集体; 组织
vt. 装备; 配置设备; 供给服装
vi. 得到装备
时态：outfitted, outfitting, outfits
分布：机构(41%)，配备(29%)，用具(14%)，得到装备(8%)，供应(8%)
→out-,向外，fit,匹配，装配。原指船只远行的配备，引申词义全套装备。
n.用具,机构,全套装配v.配备,(得到)装备I was outfitted with new shoes.我添置了一双新鞋.
noun
CLOTHES 衣服
countable
■a set of clothes worn for a particular occasion or activity （为特定场合或活动而穿的）全套服装，装束
• I've got a cowboy outfit for the fancy dress party. 我有一套牛仔装，参加化装晚会时可以穿。
['aʊt.fɪt] noun
GROUP 团体
countable [+ sing/pl verb] informal
■an organization, company, team, military unit, etc 组织；公司；团队；军事单位
• He has recently set up his own research outfit, which has as yet no name. 他最近建立了自己的研究队伍，目前还没有命名。
['aʊt.fɪt] verb transitive often passive (outfitting, outfitted, outfitted)
■to provide someone or something with equipment or clothes 装备，配备；为…提供设备（或服装）
• The ambulances have all been outfitted with new radios. 所有救护车都装备了新的无线电发收设备。
n. 机构；用具；全套装备
 - organization, machinery, tool, house
vt. 配备；供应
 - serve, accommodate

Word: accrue
Front: accrue
[əˈkru:] (宝 12166/8867 -1)
Vocabulary: accrue
(once / 2177 pages)
v
To accrue is to accumulate or to keep growing in value or size. If you can accrue enough extra credit to build up your grade, you won't have to take the final exam.
Early forms of the word accrue were used as early as the 15th century with the meaning "to increase" or "to grow." Many modern uses for accrue involve money or finances, as when you accrue, or earn, interest on a bank account. You can accrue debt too, as interest grows on top of money owed until you pay it back. It's possible to accrue benefits over the time you work somewhere, or you can accrue demerits while you're misbehaving somewhere.
WORD FAMILY
accrue: accrual, accrued, accruement, accrues, accruing+/ accrual: accruals/accruement: accruements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Benefits accruing to the United States proved more difficult to specify.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
But the budget for “20th Century Women” was seven million dollars—a number at which commercial responsibilities begin to accrue.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Accrued liabilities in the Teamsters pension, which benefits 34,000 current and former truckers in New York, exceed its assets by $1.8 billion.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 增加; （通过自然增长）产生; 获得; （使钱款、债务）积累
vt. （利息等）自然增值; [法]（诉讼）发生
时态：accrued, accruing, accrues
分布：积累(62%)，自然增加(19%)，生成(19%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根cre, 生长，见create,生长，创造。该词多用于经济学，增息。
【记】读音：我哭。为什么？因为利息增加了，导致股市暴跌，我哭！
[ə'kru:] formal
verb intransitive
■to increase in number or amount over a period of time 积累；（逐渐）增加，增多
• Interest will accrue on the account at a rate of 7%. 帐户上的存款将会以7%的利率生息。
• Little benefit will accrue to London (= London will receive little benefit) from the new road scheme. 新的道路修建计划几乎不会给伦敦带来甚么利益。
vi. 产生；自然增长或利益增加
 - result, breed
vt. 获得；积累
 - acquire, earn, buy, score, find

Word: delinquency
Front: delinquency
[dɪˈlɪŋkwənsi] (雅宝 12122/16379)
Vocabulary: delinquency
(once / 3709 pages)
n
Delinquency is a minor crime, especially one committed by a youth. Cutting class all week to drive around town without your license is a sure sign of delinquency.
Delinquency can mean a particular violation, like stealing a car, but it may also refer to a more general trend of acting out and violating the law, like stealing cars daily and crashing them many times over. In this sense it’s often called juvenile delinquency. Another sense of delinquency is general neglect, particularly by someone who holds a formal position. The word can also refer to an unpaid debt. You’re thinking about those unpaid library fines now, right?
WORD FAMILY
delinquency: delinquencies+/ delinquent: delinquency, delinquents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city publishes its lien notices in the local newspaper and residents receive mailed delinquency letters.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She was eventually charged with contributing to the delinquency of a minor.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
It would be incorrect to analyze our delinquency in Syria in the dichotomously simple terms of action and inaction.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 不法行为; 少年罪犯; 过失; 罪过
分布：失职(100%)
→来自delinquent, 不良青少年。
失职,过失[linqu=leave,表示"离开"]
noun
uncountable
■behaviour, especially of a young person, that is is illegal or not acceptable to most people （尤指年轻人的）不良行为，违法行为
• There is a high rate of juvenile delinquency in this area. 该地区的青少年犯罪率很高。
countable formal
■an action that is illegal or not acceptable 不良行为，违法行为
• His past delinquencies have made it difficult for him to get a job. 因有违法的前科，他很难找到工作。
n. 行为不良，违法犯罪； [法] 失职，怠工
 - dereliction of duty, slow-down

Word: camouflage
Front: camouflage
[ˈkæməflɑ:ʒ] (托宝 12127/14697 -1)
Vocabulary: camouflage
(once / 4263 pages)
nv
To camouflage is to disguise, and a camouflage is that which disguises — like the leaf-colored and patterned uniforms worn by soldiers who want to blend in with their natural surroundings.
Camouflage evolved from the French camoufler, which was slang for “to disguise.” Camoufler itself most likely comes from camouflet, meaning “puff of smoke” — a puff of smoke that makes it hard to see things. Camouflaged clothing certainly hides hunters from their prey, but the word can also be used in a more figurative sense, as in camouflaging criticism by veiling it as a backhanded compliment.
WORD FAMILY
camouflage: camouflaged, camouflages, camouflaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Istanbul, 17,000 police officers were on duty, some camouflaged as street vendors.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
He refinishes furniture, camouflages electrical panels and even deals with graffiti, such as it is.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He also posted a picture of a man in camouflage holding a scoped sniper rifle.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 伪装; 掩饰; 〈喻〉幌子
vt. & vi. 伪装; 掩饰; 欺瞒
时态：camouflaged, camouflaging, camouflages
分布：伪装(77%)，迷彩服(12%)，掩饰(10%)，欺瞒(1%)
→词源不详。可能来自短语capo muffare, 盖住头。
【记】camou＝camera（n 照相机）掩饰的象照片一样。
noun
uncountable
■the use of leaves, branches, paints and clothes for hiding soldiers or military equipment so that they look part of what surrounds them （军事）掩护，隐蔽，伪装
• a camouflage jacket 迷彩夹克衫
[S or U]
■the way that the colour or shape of an animal or plant appears to mix with its natural environment to prevent it from being seen by attackers （动植物的）保护色，保护形状
• The lizard's light brown skin acts as (a) camouflage in the desert sand. 蜥蜴浅棕色的皮肤充当它在沙漠里的保护色。
[S or U]
■something that is meant to hide something, or behaviour that is intended to hide the truth 掩饰；伪装；隐瞒
• Using smoke as (a) camouflage, the army advanced up the hill. 军队利用烟雾作掩护向山上挺进。
• He believed that her kindness was merely a camouflage for her real intentions. 他认为她的好心不过是为了掩饰她的真实意图。
n. [军] 伪装，掩饰
 - blind, mask
vt. [军] 伪装，掩饰
 - wrap up, mask

Word: solemnly
Front: solemnly
['sɒləmlɪ] (12162/12114)
Vocabulary: solemnly
(once / 382 pages)
adv
To do something solemnly is to do it in a grave and earnest manner. While you might wear black to both a funeral and an art opening, it’s appropriate to behave more solemnly at the funeral.
Solemnly carries a sense of seriousness and dignity. If you're a witness in court, you'll be asked, "Do you solemnly swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth?" This would not be the time to bust out your clown nose. There are other scenarios where it’s appropriate to behave solemnly, like at a religious ceremony or at the bedside of an ill relative, but try not to act that way at a kid's birthday party.
WORD FAMILY
solemn: solemner, solemness, solemnest, solemnise, solemnity, solemnize, solemnly +/solemnisation: solemnisations/solemnise: solemnisation, solemnised, solemnising/ solemnity: solemnities/solemnization: solemnizations/ solemnize: solemnization, solemnized, solemnizes, solemnizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Again the government stepped in, issuing a statement to “solemnly” promise that the plant would not reopen until the “environmental issues” were solved.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Their comrades solemnly carried the coffins, which were draped in the Turkish flag, as mourners wept.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
The Body Bearers then marched solemnly away from the grave.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 庄严地; 严肃地; 正式地; 神圣地
分布：庄严地(50%)，严肃地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
严肃的;庄严的
Someone or something that is solemn is very serious rather than cheerful or humorous.
例：His solemn little face broke into smiles...他严肃的小脸蛋上突然绽放出笑容。
例：He looked solemn.他看上去很严肃。
ADJ-GRADED
(承诺、协定等)庄严的，郑重的
A solemn promise or agreement is one that you make in a very formal, sincere way.
例：...a solemn pledge that he would never remarry.他永远不再结婚的郑重承诺
adv. 庄严地；严肃地
 - seriously, royally

Word: replenish
Front: replenish
[rɪˈplenɪʃ] (托宝 12129/14117 -1)
Vocabulary: replenish
(once / 1627 pages)
v
To replenish something is to refill it. If you have a pet pooch, you’re probably obligated to replenish his food bowl to avoid being barked at incessantly.
Use replenish when talking about something valuable or desirable, such as money or food. For example, you might discuss replenishing your bank account, but you wouldn’t speak of replenishing a trash can. You can also use replenish in a joking way to show that something is of value to you; by noting that the jar of jellybeans on your desk needs to be replenished, you indicate that you require jellybeans to survive your day at the office. We get that.
WORD FAMILY
replenish: replenished, replenishes, replenishing, replenishment+/replenishment: replenishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Qarau’s commitment to replenishing the turtle stock involves monitoring them twice a week.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Not long ago, freshwater from the oak-forested mountains on the Iraqi border replenished the lake each year and rebalanced its salinity.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The roots of legumes host bacteria that replenish nitrogen levels.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 补充; 重新装满; 把…装满; 〈古〉使牲口[人和动物]众多
时态：replenished, replenishing, replenishes
分布：补充(97%)，再装满(3%)
→re-,再，重新，-plen,满的，词源同 fill,plenary.
再装满(re再+plen满+ish→再弄满)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
formal
verb transitive
■to fill something up again 补充；把…再备足；重新装满
• Food stocks were replenished by/with imports from the USA. 粮食储备透过从美国进口得到了补充。
• Does your glass need replenishing? 你的酒杯要不要再斟满？
vt. 补充，再装满；把…装满；给…添加燃料
 - supply, to supplement

Word: evangelist
Vocabulary: evangelist
(once / 6254 pages)
n
An evangelist is a preacher, specifically a Christian preacher. Evangelists are excited to tell everyone all over the world about Christianity.
If you're an evangelist, you're a Christian preacher. Unlike other religious words — such as prayer and God — this word is specifically limited to the Christian faith. With a capital e, Evangelist refers specifically to the authors of the Gospels in the New Testament. Sometimes the word is used more loosely when people say someone is an evangelist for a cause, such as vegetarianism or health care: that means they're a strong believer in and proponent of the cause.
WORD FAMILY
evangelist: evangelists+/Evangelist: Evangelists/evangelise: evangelised, evangelising/ evangelism: Evangelist, evangelise, evangelist, evangelistic, evangelize /evangelistic: evangelistically/ evangelize: evangelized, evangelizes, evangelizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I spent about eight years as a music evangelist and concert artist. We’re a family of singers,” He said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Nigerian pastor TB Joshua, one of Africa's most influential evangelists, prophesised that that Hillary Clinton would win the US presidential election.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
In it he plays a monk, a poncho-wearing evangelist, a superhero, the grim reaper, a red puffy man and himself.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)

Word: sesame
Front: sesame
[ˈsesəmi] (12118/23711 -1)
Back: n. <植>芝麻，脂麻
分布：芝麻(100%)
→来自拉丁语 sesamum,芝麻，来自希腊语 sesamon,芝麻。
noun uncountable
■a herb grown for its small oval seeds and its oil 芝麻
• sesame oil/seeds 芝麻油／籽
n. [作物] 芝麻
 - gingili

Word: campground
Front: campground
[ˈkæmpgraʊnd] (12163/-)
Back: n. 野营地，露营场所
分布：野营地(72%)，露营场所(28%)
['kæmp.graʊnd] US
noun countable
■a piece of land where people on holiday can camp , usually with toilets and places for washing 渡假营地；野营地，宿营地

Word: creep
Front: creep
[kri:p] (研四六托雅宝 5099/4156 -2)
Vocabulary: creep
(once / 126 pages)
1vn 2v 3n 4n
A beetle creeps along the ground. Moving slowly and silently, it creeps up on you. When you feel the touch of tiny insect legs on your skin, you shudder, because bugs give you the creeps.
Creep has a long history and a subtle variety of meanings. In its earliest recorded usage, it described the movement of legless creatures like snakes and worms. By the sixteenth century, creep meant "move slowly" and "move with stealth" like when you creep up to your brother to startle him. Charles Dickens coined the phrase, the creeps, to suggest the shuddering sensation you get when you see something gross and scary. A creep is a person who makes your skin crawl, a meaning that has been used in American English since 1935.
WORD FAMILY
creep: creeped, creeper, creeping, creeps, creepy, crept+/creeper: creepers/creeping: creepings/ creepy: creepier, creepiest, creepily, creepiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“That’s where the mindfulness creeps in,” he said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The downturn for Nebraska farms and ranches crept into small town main streets across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It maintained it would cause "considerable harm" and "present a creeping domestication" to the surrounding area.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 爬行，匍匐; 缓慢地行进
n. 爬行，蠕动; 虫爬着似的感觉，毛骨悚然; 卑鄙小人，谄媚者
时态：crept, creeping, creeps
分布：爬(44%)，蔓延(16%)，蠕动(13%)，毛骨悚然(12%)，渐渐出现(6%)，卑鄙小人(4%)，蹑手蹑脚地走(3%)，徐行(2%)
→来自ger, 弯，转，词源同crook,crank.
v.爬,爬行;(植物)蔓延Step by step, the sleepy creeper crawled into my sleeve to sleep.昏昏欲睡的爬虫一步一步爬进我的袖子里睡觉.
【记】cr，ee看成两只眼睛，p：两只眼睛和p在同一条水平线上－匍匐
【反】move swiftly（快速移动）；quick movement（快速移动）
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
■to move slowly, quietly and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed （通常指为避免注意而）缓慢行进，悄悄移动，潜行
• She turned off the light and crept through the door. 她关上灯，悄悄溜出门。
• Someone was creeping around outside my window. 有人在我的窗户外潜行。
• The spider crept up the wall. 蜘蛛缓缓地爬上墙。
• The traffic was creeping along at a snail's pace. 车辆如蜗牛般缓慢移动。
[kri:p] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
  Phrasal Verbs  creep in/creep into sth mainly UK If mistakes creep in or creep into a piece of text, they are included despite efforts not to include them （错误）不知不觉地存在，无法避免地出现
• A few mistakes always creep in during the editing process. 在编辑过程中总会不小心出几个错。
• One or two typing errors crept into the report. 报告中有一两处不易察觉的打字错误。
■to gradually start to be noticeable 逐渐显现；逐渐引起注意
• Doubts began to creep into my mind about the likely success of the project. 我逐渐对这项计划成功的可能性产生了怀疑。
[kri:p] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
  Phrasal Verbs  creep over sb
■If a bad feeling creeps over someone, they gradually start to feel it （不好的感觉）渐渐向（某人）袭来
• A dangerous tiredness crept over her as she drove. 她驾车时一阵危险的倦意向她袭来。
[kri:p] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
  Phrasal Verbs  creep up
■If the value or amount of something creeps up, it slowly increases （价值或数量）慢慢增加，逐渐上升
• Over the last year, the rate of inflation has crept up to almost 7%. 过去一年里，通货膨胀率逐渐上升，几乎达到了7%。
[kri:p] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
  Phrasal Verbs  creep up on/behind sb
■to surprise someone by moving closer to them without them seeing or hearing you 从（某人）后面悄悄凑上去；蹑手蹑脚地从身后靠近（某人）
• Don't creep up on me like that! 别再那样悄没声地凑上来吓我一跳！
• We crept up behind her and yelled "Boo!" 我们蹑手蹑脚靠近她身后，大喊一声“哗！”。
[kri:p] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (crept, crept)
  Phrasal Verbs  creep up on sb
■If a feeling or state creeps up on someone, they start to experience it so gradually that they do not realise it （某人）不知不觉中体验到（某种情感或状态）
• It was only after I turned 60 that old age began to creep up on me. 上了60岁之后，我才感觉自己在不知不觉中已开始变老了。
[kri:p] noun informal
PERSON 人
countable UK
■someone who tries to make someone more important like them by being very polite and helpful in a way that is not sincere 谄媚者，奴颜婢膝者，阿谀奉承者
• Making coffee for the boss again? You creep! 又在给老板冲咖啡？你这个马屁精！
countable
■an unpleasant person, especially a man 讨厌鬼，令人恶心的人（尤指男人）
• He was a real creep - he was always staring at me in the canteen. 他真是个讨厌鬼——在饭厅里他老盯着我看。
• [as form of address] Leave me alone, you creep! 让我一个人静一静，你这个讨厌鬼！
[kri:p] noun informal
give sb the creeps
■to cause someone to have uncomfortable feelings of nervousness or fear 使（某人）毛骨悚然；使（某人）紧张害怕
• Living next to a graveyard would give me the creeps. 住在墓地旁边会令我毛骨悚然。
climb, creep, crawl
这组词都有“爬”的意思，其区别是：
climb: 通常指用手或足爬上或爬下，也指飞机、日、月的上升，还可用作比喻。
creep: 多指人或四足动物匍匐爬行，尤指偷偷地或不出声地缓慢向前爬行。也指植物的蔓延生长等。
crawl: 指人或动物以身躯贴着地面缓慢地移动。
vi. 爬行；蔓延；慢慢地移动；起鸡皮疙瘩
 - to spread, to extend
n. 爬行；毛骨悚然的感觉；谄媚者
 - toadeater, kiss-ass

Word: state-owned
Front: state-owned
[steɪt'əʊnd] None
Back: adj. 州立的; 公
分布：国营的(50%)，州立的(50%)
adj. 国有的；国营的；州立的
 - nationalized

Word: twenty-eight
Front: twenty-eight
[t'wenti:'eɪt] None
Back: 二十八
分布：二十八(100%)

Word: crimson
Front: crimson
[ˈkrɪmzn] (托 12173/15596 -1)
Vocabulary: crimson
(once / 348 pages)
1nadj 2adjv 3adj
Crimson is a deep, vivid shade of red. You could describe flowers, blood, or blushing cheeks as crimson.
The ruby red color crimson shows up brilliantly in nature, in the form of flowers, birds, and insects. In fact, it was an insect that led to the word crimson in the first place; an insect called kermes was used for centuries to make a deep red dye, which was called cremesin in Old Spanish and eventually became crimson.
WORD FAMILY
crimson: crimsoned, crimsoning, crimsonly, crimsons, encrimson+/encrimson: encrimsoned, encrimsoning, encrimsons
USAGE EXAMPLES
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Lewis’ 10 topped the Crimson Tide, who were held to their smallest point total of the season.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The top-ranked Crimson Tide and No. 3 Tigers will meet in Tampa, Florida, on Jan. 9 in the College Football Playoff national championship game.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 深红色
adj. 深红色的
v. 变为深红色; 脸红
时态：crimsoned, crimsoning, crimsons
分布：深红色(62%)，深红色的(30%)，变得绯红(4%)，染成深红色(4%)
→词源同carmine, kermes.
adjective
■having a dark deep red colour 深红色的
go/turn crimson
■If you go/turn crimson, your face becomes red because you are very embarrassed or angry （因难堪或生气）脸色变得绯红
• She went crimson with embarrassment. 她的脸因难为情而变得通红。
['krɪm.zən] noun uncountable
■a dark deep red colour 深红色
n. 深红色
 - deep red, dark red
adj. 深红色的
 - wine-colored, laky
vi. 变为深红色；脸红
 - blush

Word: airtight
Front: airtight
[ˈeətaɪt] (宝 12126/22180)
Vocabulary: airtight
(once / 20520 pages)
adj
If something's airtight, it is completely sealed so that no air can get in or out of it. When you make homemade jam with the raspberries you picked, it's important to make sure the lids are airtight so the jam won't spoil.
Many kinds of food and medicine you buy in a store are airtight. The airtight seal on a package, bag, or can assures you that the contents are safe from any germs that might get in and contaminate them. You can also use this adjective to mean "certain" or "indisputable," like an airtight alibi that can't be argued with, or an airtight plan that's guaranteed to work.
WORD FAMILY
airtight
USAGE EXAMPLES
These will keep well for up to 3 days in an airtight container.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
The cookies should be put away in a moist place like a basement or kept in a metal or airtight container to soften.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
In a bouncy castle, a continuously running air compressor creates overpressure in a fabric structure that is not airtight.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不透气的; 密封的; <主美口>（防守等）严密的; 无懈可击的
分布：密封的(61%)，不透气的(21%)，无懈可击的(18%)
【记】air空气，tight紧的－紧紧的不让空气跑出去－密封的
US ['er-] adjective
■completely closed so that no air can get in or out 密封的，气密的，不透气的
• Biscuits will stay crisp if you keep them in an airtight container. 如果装在密封容器里，饼干就会保持酥脆。
adj. 密闭的，密封的；无懈可击的
 - tight, sealed

Word: five-year-old
Front: five-year-old
None None
Back: [网络] 五岁的；五周岁的；算是一整个形容词
分布：五岁时(100%)

Word: free-market

Word: aforementioned
Front: aforementioned
[əˌfɔ:ˈmenʃənd] (12169/19392 -1)
Vocabulary: aforementioned
(once / 10059 pages)
adj
Something that was mentioned before is aforementioned. Once you've written about something, it can then be referred to as aforementioned.
You already know that to mention something is to bring it up, so if you consider that afore sounds a little like before, you'll know that aforementioned is simply something that's been said previously. After your father has asked you to wash the dishes, do the laundry, and vacuum the rug, he might hand you five bucks upon completion of the aforementioned chores. This word shows up in writing more than speech. Writers often mention their own aforementioned ideas.
WORD FAMILY
aforementioned
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holden discovers his strange abilities during a confrontation with the aforementioned bad guys, but then he is curiously uninterested in exploring them.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Within Kate’s orbit are her sassy co-worker, her kind boss, her aforementioned sister and two college girlfriends.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Either way, I am very fond of all of the aforementioned.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 上述的; 前述的
分布：前述的(50%)，上述的(50%)
US [-'fɔ:r-] (also aforesaid) formal
adjective [before noun]
■mentioned earlier 前面提到的；上述的
• The aforementioned Mr Parkes then entered the cinema. 前面提到的这位帕克斯先生就进了电影院。
UK [ə'fɔ:ˌmen.tʃənd] US [-'fɔ:r-] (also aforesaid) formal
noun
the aforementioned
■the person or people mentioned earlier 前面提到的人
• The aforementioned was/were seen waiting outside the building. 有人看到前面提到的这个／这些人在楼外等候。
adj. 上述的；前面提及的
 - said, same

Word: utterance
Front: utterance
[ˈʌtərəns] (托 12135/4891 -1)
Vocabulary: utterance
(once / 404 pages)
n
An utterance is a bit of spoken language. It could be anything from "Ugh!" to a full sentence.
To utter means "to say." So when you're saying something, you're making utterances. Saying "24" in math class is an utterance. A police officer yelling "Stop!" is an utterance. Saying "Good boy!" to your dog is an utterance. Even a long speech by the President is an utterance. If you can't hear it, it's not an utterance.
WORD FAMILY
utterance: utterances+/unutterable: unutterablest, unutterably/ utter: utterable, utterance, uttered, utterer, utterest, uttering, utterly, uttermost, utterness, utters/utterable: unutterable, utterably/uttered: unuttered/utterer: utterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
People perceived the utterances of the right hemisphere as being external to them and attributed them to gods.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He dismisses Rasputin’s crude endorsement of vigilantism against Jews — so they “won’t even dream about asking for equality” — as an isolated utterance.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Our utterances don’t travel around the world and back on a regular basis.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 说话方式; 表达; 说话; 发言
分布：说话(79%)，发表(13%)，说话的方式(8%)
→来自utter,说，发出声音。
US ['ʌ.tˌɚ-] noun countable formal
■something that someone says 说话，讲话
• The senator's weekend utterances were promptly rebutted by three of his colleagues on Monday. 那位参议员在周末发表的言论周一就迅即遭到了三位同僚的反驳。
give utterance to sth literary
■to express your ideas or feelings in spoken words 用语言表达
• She has one great fear to which she will never give utterance. 她心中最大的担忧恐怕一辈子都不会说出来。
n. 表达；说话；说话方式
 - expression, speaking

Word: gross
Front: gross
[grəʊs] (研四六雅宝 4409/3198 -3)
Vocabulary: gross
(once / 191 pages)
1adj 2adjnv 3adj 4n
Get ready, because gross has a few different meanings. When something is gross, it's disgusting. The noun, a gross, is the complete amount (before expenses), and the verb "to gross" is to bring in money.
Two things will tell you which meaning is the right one with a word like gross, the part of speech and the context. If you're talking about awful, sickening, vile things such as dissecting an animal or filthy behavior, you're looking at the adjective gross. Ew! That guy is gross. If you're talking about, say, how much money a movie made, that's the noun gross. That was the biggest gross in history! Likewise, the verb to gross is to pull in money. The bake sale grossed 29 bucks! But remember, the gross is how much you made in total, not how much you cleared — the "net" or "profit."
WORD FAMILY
gross: engross, grossed, grosser, grosses, grossest, grossing, grossly, grossness, subgross+/ engross: engrossed, engrosses, engrossing, engrossment/ engrossed: engrossedly/engrossing: engrossingly/engrossment: engrossments/grossness: grossnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The weekend gross pushes the space opera over the $400 million mark domestically.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The Disney-owned Marvel Studios once again proved its power with “Captain America: Civil War,” which grossed $408 million to land at No. 2.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It was able to release eight films that collectively grossed almost $1 billion, more than the other five studios combined.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 总的; 粗俗的; 显而易见的; 恶劣的
n. 总额
vt. 总共收入
时态：grossed, grossing, grosses
分布：总额(47%)，总量(26%)，总的(15%)，总共赚得(4%)，粗鲁的(4%)，令人讨厌的(1%)，公然的(1%)，总共地(1%)，荒唐的(1%)
→来自拉丁语grossus, 厚的，粗糙的。可能来自ghreu, 刮，磨，词源同great. 即刮下来来的粗糙大块状物体，后来指大的，总的。
总共的;重大的[gross=great(大)]
a.总的,毛(重)的;粗鲁的,粗俗的n.总额The gross grocer crossed his legs before the boss.粗鄙的杂货商在老板面前叉起腿子.
【区】gloss（n 光泽的表面；假象；注释vt 掩饰；注释）源于glow和glass
【参】engross（vt 吸引；使全神贯注）总的进入状态
US [groʊs] adjective adverb
 ADVANCED
■(in) total 总的，毛的；总共，全部
• A person's gross income is the money they earn before tax is deducted from it. 个人总收入是指税前的收入总和。
• Once wrapped, the gross weight of the package is 2kg. 包装后，这个包裹的总重量是两公斤。
• She earns £30,000 a year gross. 她每年的总收入是三万英镑。
Compare net
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] adjective
UNACCEPTABLE 无法接受的
[before noun] formal
■(especially in law) unacceptable because clearly wrong （尤指违法行为）严重的，恶劣的，极端的，不能接受的
• gross misconduct/indecency 严重渎职／猥亵
• a gross violation of justice 严重违反公平
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] adjective
FAT 胖的
■extremely fat or large and ugly 极胖而难看的；臃肿难看的；庞大不雅观的
• I'd put on ten kilos and felt gross in my bikini. 我体重增加了十公斤，穿着比基尼觉得臃肿难看。
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] adjective
UNPLEASANT 令人不快的 informal
■extremely unpleasant 极其令人厌恶的；令人恶心的；令人不快的
• "Oh, gross!" she said, looking at the flies buzzing above the piles of dirty plates. “呀，真恶心！”她看着在一堆堆肮脏的碟子上飞来飞去的苍蝇说道。
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] verb transitive
■to earn a particular amount of money before tax is paid or costs are subtracted 总收入为；总共赚得；获得…毛利
• The film has grossed over $200 million this year. 这出电影今年总收入超过了两亿美元。
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gross sb out mainly US informal
■If something grosses you out, you think it is very unpleasant or disgusting 使（某人）恶心；令（某人）憎恶；令（某人）作呕
• He smells and he's dirty - he really grosses me out. 他全身臭烘烘的，非常肮脏——真让我恶心。
UK [grəʊs] US [groʊs] noun countable (plural gross or grosses) old-fashioned
■(a group of) 144 一箩（12打，144个）
gross, crude, coarse, vulgar
这组词都有“粗鲁的，粗俗的”的意思，其区别是：
gross: 语气强烈，指粗鲁、无礼貌，令人讨厌。
crude: 与vulgar同义，也指言谈举止粗俗，不文雅，缺乏教养。
coarse: 指缺乏教养，言谈粗俗，举止粗野，可与vulgar换用。
vulgar: 侧重指对听者的冒犯，往往强调粗野，言行、趣味不高，缺乏教养。
total, entire, gross, full, complete, whole, all
这组词都有“完整的，全部的，整个的”的意思，其区别是：
total: 与complete用法相近，但强调总量。
entire: 除了有whole的意思外，还强调既不能加一个也不减少一个的含义。
gross: 侧重指未打折扣，未除去成本或皮重等与净重、净数相对。
full: 侧重指内容，含有能包括所有的充足内容的意味。
complete: 强调事物在内容、程度、或数量方面已完整，已达标准。
whole: 比entire更普通，强调每个组成部分都包括在内，无一漏掉或舍去。
all: 有时可与whole, entire和total换用。
adj. 总共的；粗野的；恶劣的；显而易见的
 - robust, rough, country, dirty, bush
n. 总额，总数
 - sum, amount, total

Word: vignette
Front: vignette
[vɪnˈjet] (12114/22141)
Vocabulary: vignette
(once / 5518 pages)
1n 2n
A vignette is a brief but powerful scene. A good vignette leaves you wanting more.
Over the centuries a vignette has taken on different forms. Originally it was one of those small sketches you find in the front of old books, often with decorative bands of ivy around its edges (the word comes from the French vigne for vineyard). When cinema came along, a vignette became a quick portrait in film of a character. Some films, like Robert Altman's Short Cuts, are essentially just a compilation of individual vignettes.
WORD FAMILY
vignette: vignettes
USAGE EXAMPLES
This vignette gets its bathetic comedy from the collision of two scales: the immensity of war and its mass casualties hitting against private comforts.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There were athletes and coaches whose stories touched us, as well as folks connected to the sports world who contributed their own uplifting vignettes.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 装饰图案，小插图
vt. 把…印放为虚光照
分布：小插图(40%)，晕映(18%)，简介(18%)，简洁地表述(6%)，小场景(6%)，简述(6%)，晕映照(6%)
→来自法语vigne,葡萄，词源同vine,wine,插入字母g，比较campaign,来自campania,平地。原义为书页页边的装饰插图，因形如葡萄藤而得名，后引申词义简介，花絮。
【记】vigne＝vine（n 葡萄树），tte小：源于用葡萄卷须作装饰花边
noun countable
■a short piece of writing, music, acting, etc. which clearly expresses the typical characteristics of something or someone （清晰描述特点的）短文，片段，小插曲
• She wrote several vignettes of small-town life. 她写了几篇关于小镇生活的短文。

Word: prized
Front: prized
[praɪzd] (12144/18684)
Back: adj. 被看作最重要的，被看作最有价值的
v. 珍视，珍惜( prize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：奖品(32%)，奖金(24%)，奖赏(17%)，珍视(10%)，得奖的(8%)，估价(7%)，奖品的(1%)，一流的(1%)
adjective
■considered valuable and important 非常有价值的，非常重要的，极其珍贵的
• The 1961 vintage is highly prized among wine connoisseurs. 1961年酿的酒得到品酒师的高度评价。
• Her photograph is among my most prized possessions. 她的照片是我最珍贵的财富之一。

Word: stagnant
Front: stagnant
[ˈstægnənt] (托雅宝 12153/13792 -1)
Vocabulary: stagnant
(once / 2139 pages)
adj
There is a tone to the word stagnant that sounds like what it is: lacking movement, stale, and inactive, especially with exaggerated pronunciation, "staaaagnant."
Stagnant came into use in the 17th century as a description for water or air that wasn't moving or circulating, like in a scum-covered pond or a closed-off room. Often things that are stagnant also have a smell from sitting too long in one place. Not that this happens to everyone, but sitting in front of a TV playing video games without moving more than the fingers can make a person stagnant, sometimes with an accompanying odor.
WORD FAMILY
stagnant: stagnantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say the government intentionally neglect them, focusing on Shiite areas in the south, leaving Iraq’s second largest city undeveloped and economically stagnant.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Farr said fundamentals are “okay,” but he attributes most of the increase in corporate earnings to cost cutting and stagnant wages.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Working on the assumption that beauty is stagnant, remember attractiveness tends to evolve and shift.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不流动的，停滞的; 污浊的; 不景气的; 迟钝的，呆笨的
分布：停滞的(64%)，不流动的(23%)，不景气的(13%)
→stagnate,停滞，不流动，-ant,形容词后缀。
停滞的(stagn站+ant→站着不走→停滞的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stagn＝stand站，ant－站住的蚂蚁－停滞的
【参】stagger（v 摇晃；蹒跚）站不稳的；staggering（adj 蹒跚的；另人惊愕的）
【反】flowing（adj 流动的）
adjective
NOT FLOWING 不流动的
■(of water or air) not flowing or moving, and smelling unpleasant （水或空气）不流动的，污浊的
• a stagnant pond 死水塘
['stæg.nənt] adjective
NOT BUSY 不繁忙的
■not growing or developing 停滞的，不发展的
• a stagnant economy 停滞的经济
adj. 停滞的；不景气的；污浊的；迟钝的
 - slow, dull

Word: hectic
Front: hectic
[ˈhektɪk] (托雅宝 12146/9476 -1)
Vocabulary: hectic
(once / 3980 pages)
adj
Things that are hectic tend to be happen quickly and all at once — that's why a hectic day makes people nervous.
Think about a calm, beautiful island with the sun shining and nothing to do but read a book. That kind of peacefulness is the opposite of hectic. When things get hectic, people sometimes say things are getting crazy or bananas: events are happening too fast for us to keep up, so we tend to get agitated or even angry. Because there's so much work to do, being a student is often a hectic job.
WORD FAMILY
hectic: hectically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The atmosphere is as calm and leisurely as Windjammer is hectic, although suite guests are free to dine at the latter if they like.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
DeMatha dove into a hectic December schedule and quickly started sinking.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
In The Chicago Tribune, Michael Phillips said it is “rough around the edges, hectic in its crosscutting but increasingly effective as kinetic cinema.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 繁忙的，忙乱的; 兴奋的，狂热的; （因患肺病等）发烧的; 患热病的
n. 肺病热患者; [医]潮红
分布：兴奋的(54%)，忙乱的(39%)，发红的(7%)
→来自希腊语ekhein,持有，保持，持续，词源同scheme,hector.引申词义持续的，忙碌的。发烧义缩写自hectic fever,原用于指肺结核的症状。
【记】读：黑客tic（尖）－顶尖的黑客有许多事要做－紧张忙乱的，而且他们的成功率比较高，成功后就会－兴奋的
adjective
■full of activity; very busy and fast 繁忙的，忙碌的
• a hectic schedule 满满的行程表
• The area has become a haven for people tired of the hectic pace of city life. 这一地区成了那些厌倦城市繁忙生活的人们的安乐窝。
n. 脸红；患肺结核
 - flushing
adj. 兴奋的，狂热的；脸上发红；肺病的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: anti-American
Front: anti-American
[,æntiə'merikən] None
Back: adj. 反美的
分布：反美的(100%)

Word: migratory
Front: migratory
[ˈmaɪgrətri] (托雅宝 12179/22629)
Vocabulary: migratory
(once / 5503 pages)
adj
Animals that change locations with the seasons are said to be migratory. Ruby-throated hummingbirds are migratory. They spend winter in the warmer climate of Mexico, Central, and South America and then return to the eastern United States in the spring.
People who move from place to place in search of work are said to be migratory. The adjective is often used in combination with the noun workers. In the United States, migratory workers travel from state to state to help bring in the harvest, often with whole families traveling together. After a cold winter, you might want to be a bit migratory yourself: you could move south to Florida in the winter and return north to Ottawa each spring.
WORD FAMILY
migratory: nonmigratory+/ migrate: migrated, migrates, migrating, migration, migrator, migratory, transmigrate / migration: migrational, migrations/migrator: migrators/ transmigrate: transmigrated, transmigrates, transmigrating, transmigration / transmigration: transmigrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The birds are not listed under the federal Endangered Species Act but are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In terms of biomass, the insects greatly exceeded migratory birds in Britain.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Officials say the area supports native fish, more than 200 species of birds and links migratory routes for elk, pronghorn and other mammals.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 迁移的; 有迁居习惯（或特色）的; 流浪的; <医>游走性的
分布：迁移的(61%)，流浪的(39%)
→来自migrate,迁徙。
移居的,漂泊的(migr+atory)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
【记】读：me割rat，ory－我要用刀割老鼠－老鼠只能流浪了。
【参】immigrant（v 移入）；emigrant（v 移出）
【反】sedentary（adj 久坐的；不移栖的）
ADJ
(鱼类、鸟兽)迁徙的，迁移的，移栖的
A migratory bird, fish, or animal is one that migrates every year.
ADJ
移居的;迁徙的;迁移的
Migratory means relating to the migration of people, birds, fish, or animals.
例：...migratory farm labour.流动的农业劳动力
adj. [动] 迁移的；流浪的
 - ragamuffinly, nomadic

Word: tubing
Front: tubing
[ˈtju:bɪŋ] (12177/20047 -1)
Back: n. （金属、塑料等的）管形材料; 装管; 敷管; 丘宾筒
分布：管子(55%)，配管(26%)，装管(14%)，管组织(5%)
US ['tu:-] noun uncountable
■material in the form of a tube or tubes 管材；管形材料；管子
• Rubber tubing can perish after a few years. 橡胶管子几年后会老化。
n. 管子；装管；管道系统
 - pipes, cannulation

Word: litany
Front: litany
[ˈlɪtəni] (12158/18609 -1)
Vocabulary: litany
(once / 6933 pages)
n
If you've got a whole slew of complaints to get off your chest or requests to make, you've got yourself a litany — a long, drawn-out list.
From Greek origins meaning "entreaty" or "supplication," litany often refers to certain long responsive petitions offered to God, particularly by practitioners of the Christian faith. For some reason, litany is usually used in reference to negative things — such as a litany of complaints or a litany of injuries.
WORD FAMILY
litany: litanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Insomnia is also proved to cause a litany of problems, such as deadly motor vehicle accidents, heart disease and difficulty in concentrating.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Europe the Islamist threat, the problem of Muslim integration and the return of blood-and-soil nationalism top the litany of Western gloom.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The annual litany at our Christmas Eve table:
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 连祷; [宗]启应祷文; （英国国教公祷书中的）连祷文; 冗长而枯燥的陈述
分布：连祷(67%)，连续(22%)，冗长的陈述(11%)
→来自拉丁语litania,来自希腊语lite,祈祷，恳求。引申词义连祷文。
noun countable
■a long Christian prayer in which the priest speaks some parts and the other people at the ceremony speak other parts 连祷文，总祷文
a litany of sth
■a long list of unpleasant things, especially things that are repeated 一连串（反复发生的不愉快的事情）
• The manufacturers are reported to have received a litany of complaints from dissatisfied customers. 据报道，制造商已经收到了顾客一连串不满意的投诉。

Word: requisite
Front: requisite
[ˈrekwɪzɪt] (六宝 12141/11947 -1)
Vocabulary: requisite
(once / 551 pages)
adjn
Requisite is a formal or fancy word for indispensable. During your punk phase, you refused to leave the house without the requisite leather jacket, black boots, and mohawk.
To remember this word, notice how similar it is to required. College students looking to sign up for classes they find interesting often bump up against the word prerequisite, which refers to a list of classes they will need to take before the one they're interested in.
WORD FAMILY
requisite: prerequisite, requisiteness, requisites+/ prerequisite: prerequisites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Admittedly, many of us in media-land tend to lockstep to the same films, or throw in a requisite foreign outlier.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
If the company were to secure the requisite permits to operate — and that’s a big if — it’s not clear that it would succeed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
J Street said it “vehemently opposed” the nomination, cautioning that he lacked the requisite diplomatic or policy credentials.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 必需品; 要素，要件
adj. 需要的，必要的
分布：必要的(66%)，需要的(21%)，必需品(13%)
→来自 require,要求，-s,过去分词格，-ite,形容词后缀。
必要的n.必需品(re再+quis+ite→一再寻求的→必要的)[Quest,quir,quis,quer=seek,search,表示"寻求,询问"]
['rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
adjective [before noun]
■necessary; needed for a particular purpose 必要的；需要的；必不可少的
• He lacked the requisite skills for the job. 他缺少从事这项工作所必需的技能。
• The requisite number of countries have now ratified the convention. 批准这项条约的国家已经达到了规定的数目。
['rek.wɪ.zɪt] formal
noun countable usually plural
■an important necessary thing 必需品；必要条件
• A good book is a requisite for long journeys. 一本好书是长途旅行中必备之物。
• Self-esteem, self-judgment and self-will are said to be the three requisites of independence. 自尊、自量和坚持自我据说是自立的三个必备条件。
requisite, essential, indispensable, necessary
这组词都有“必不可少的，必需的”的意思，其区别是：
requisite: 正式用词，特指为实现某一目的或得到某种结果而应有的需要，有时可与necessary换用。
essential: 指对事物本身性质具有决定性的重要性，暗含不可缺少，否则便无法存在。
indispensable: 语气强，侧重指绝对必要性或不可缺少性。
necessary: 最常用词，侧重由客观因素决定的某种需要，强调不可避免，但并非绝不可缺少。
adj. 必备的，必不可少的；需要的
 - needed
n. 必需品
 - necessity, want

Word: real-time
Front: real-time
['ri:l'taɪm] None
Back: adj. （计算机）即时处理的，实时的
分布：实时的(62%)，实时(38%)
US ['ri:.əl-] adjective [before noun]
■describes computing systems that are able to deal with and use new information immediately and therefore influence or direct the actions of the objects supplying that information （电脑系统）即时处理的，实时的

Word: dynamite
Front: dynamite
[ˈdaɪnəmaɪt] (12133/18879 -1)
Vocabulary: dynamite
(once / 1534 pages)
nv
Dynamite is a material that explodes when it's detonated. Dynamite has long been used in mining, for blasting open layers of rock. Dynamite is not the kind of thing you buy at the corner hardware store.
Dynamite was invented in 1867 by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish inventor, chemist, and engineer. Builders and miners were happy about the new explosive, since dynamite was stronger and safer than those that came before it. Nobel named his invention dynamit, a Swedish version of the Greek dynamis, "power." The earliest figurative meaning was "dangerous," but in the 1960s it came to also mean "excellent" or "impressive."
WORD FAMILY
dynamite: dynamited, dynamiter, dynamites, dynamiting, dynamitist+/dynamiter: dynamiters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Agent Coler’s gun, along with eight other weapons, several hand grenades and 350 pounds of dynamite, were found in his vehicle.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They surged from a halftime deficit to an 18-point lead during a dynamite third quarter for their second win in 14 games.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It relates to when workers would open up a new well by dropping a charge of dynamite down the hole.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 炸药; 具有爆炸性的事物，有潜在危险的人; 引起轰动的人(或物
vt. 破坏，炸毁; 装炸药
adj. 极好的
时态：dynamited, dynamiting, dynamites
分布：炸药(84%)，炸毁(12%)，极好的(4%)
→来自希腊语dynamis, 力量，权力，统治者。瑞典化学家诺贝尔借用该词来指炸药。
炸药(dynam+ite表名词→力量之物→炸药)[dyn,dynam=power,表示"力量"]
noun uncountable
■a type of explosive 黄色炸药，达纳炸药，甘油炸药
• a stick of dynamite 一根炸药
■informal
■something that causes or may cause great shock or excitement 令人震惊的事件，使人激动的事情
• The issue of unemployment is political dynamite (= could cause big political problems) for the government. 失业问题是政府的一颗政治炸弹。
['daɪ.nə.maɪt] verb transitive
■to destroy something using dynamite 用炸药摧毁
• The rebels had dynamited the railway line. 叛乱分子炸毁了铁路线。
n. 炸药；具有潜在危险的人（或物）
 - explosive material, blasting agent
vt. 炸毁
 - bomb out, blow to pieces
adj. 极好的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great

Word: gull
Front: gull
[gʌl] (托宝 12178/9078)
Vocabulary: gull
(once / 1398 pages)
1n 2nv
You know those birds that hang out by the ocean, and grab your sandwich if you aren't paying attention? Those are gulls, also known as sea gulls. Gulls are found in every continent, including Antarctica.
The noun gull has two very distinct definitions. Gulls are shore birds, of course, but lesser-used meaning of the word is "a person who is easy to fool." Your little brother might be a gull if you can trick him into doing your chores along with his own. You may know the related word gullible, which describes a willingness to believe anything, without questioning whether it is true.
WORD FAMILY
gull: gulled, gulling, gulls
USAGE EXAMPLES
The duck-size creature looked like a cross between a sea gull and a cormorant, but with a beak full of teeth.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The charity said its wildlife workers are more used to dealing with gulls and terns.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
BOWDOINHAM, Maine — The striped bass arrived with a bang this spring on Maine’s Kennebec River, a melee of swirling currents, careening gulls and breaking fish.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 鸥
vt. 欺骗某人
时态：gulled, gulling, gulls
分布：鸥(82%)，易受骗之人(8%)，骗(8%)，诈欺(2%)
→来自凯尔特语。
[gʌl] (also seagull)
noun countable
■a sea bird with black and white or grey and white feathers 海鸥
n. [鸟] 鸥；笨人；易受骗之人
 - simp, schmuck
vt. 骗；欺诈
 - hornswoggle, rip off

Word: polarize
Front: polarize
[ˈpəʊləraɪz] (研托宝 12148/22330 -1)
Vocabulary: polarize
(once / 4099 pages)
1v 2v
To polarize is to divide. Something that's been polarized has been split into two sides that are so different, it seems as though they're from opposite ends of the earth — like the North Pole and the South Pole.
Political parties have long been polarized by different views and approaches to government. But you'll also find polarized soda devotees arguing over the merits of Coke vs. Pepsi. Any topic that is controversial can polarize a population, especially if the topic inspires either a fiercely "pro" or fiercely "con" reaction. Topics such as gun control and health care reform have been known to polarize Congress.
WORD FAMILY
polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/ polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarity: polarities/ polarization: polarizations/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team sliced one of the tiny P. andrewsi teeth into sections and examined them in a microscope under polarized light.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
“In our polarized political environment, it’s not surprising that once a term in office ends, the new administration wants to assume that power,” Bitzer said.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our election was a brutal grudge match that left us more polarized than ever.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 使极化; 使偏振; 使两极分化
时态：polarized, polarizing, polarizes
分布：使 ... 偏振化(25%)，使极化(25%)，使 ... 两极分化(25%)，形成极化(25%)
→来自pole,地级，两级，-ize,使。
【记】polar（adj [天]两极的；极地的）ize－极化
【反】coalesce（v 接合）；make compatible（使一致）；polarization（n 两极化）－unity（n 团结；联合）
US ['poʊ-] verb transitive
■to cause something, especially something that contains different people or opinions, to divide into two completely opposing groups 使两极分化，使截然对立
• The debate is becoming polarized and there seems to be no middle ground. 辩论变得两极化了，看起来没有中间立场。

Word: illustrator
Front: illustrator
[ˈɪləstreɪtə(r)] (12176/16181)
Vocabulary: illustrator
(once / 4734 pages)
n
An illustrator is an artist who draws the pictures in a book. Some children's book authors are also illustrators, while others work with an illustrator.
Picture books have to be well-written and well-illustrated: it's up to an illustrator to interpret the story through pictures (or illustrations). Illustrators sometimes also draw or paint pictures for comic books, advertisements, magazines, greeting cards, and graphic novels. In the 16th century, an illustrator was "one who enlightens," from a now-obsolete meaning of illustrate, "light up." The Latin root is illustrare, "light up," and also "adorn."
WORD FAMILY
illustrator: illustrators+/ illustrate: illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrative, illustrator / illustration: illustrations/ illustrative: illustratively
USAGE EXAMPLES
His mask - which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator - features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His mask — which he painted himself, based on drawings by a local illustrator — features caricatures of the team’s other equipment men.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He attended a progressive boarding school in Letchworth before studying at several art schools and embarking on a seven-year career as a painter and illustrator.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 插图画家
分布：插图画家(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who draws pictures, especially for books （尤指书籍的）插图画家
n. 插图画家；说明者；图解者
 - elucidator, expositor

Word: for-profit
Front: for-profit
['fɔ:rpr'ɒfɪt] None
Back: adj. 以盈利为目的的
分布：唯利是图的(100%)

Word: bent
Front: bent
[bent] (高托雅宝 12145/14388 -K2)
Vocabulary: bent
(once / 106 pages)
1adj 2adj 3n 4n
If you have a knack or aptitude for doing something, you can say you have a bent for it. Perhaps you have a bent for woodworking, creating fabulous desserts, or writing poetry, you are good at it.
The noun bent can also refer to a strong inclination to react to something in a specific manner. If you have a strong scientific bent, you won't be inclined to believe reports of alien spaceship landings and Loch Ness Monster sightings. As an adjective, bent describes someone very determined, and in this case, the word is usually followed by "on." You may be bent on the kids going to bed early, but they may have other ideas: party in the living room!
WORD FAMILY
bent: bently, bents, unbent
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the summer and autumn, she picked cotton in Arizona, and Raul worked alongside her, a child bent over in the fields.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many great football coaches are distinguished by specific philosophical bents.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I crept down the stairs, back hunched, knees bent — attempting to lower my center of gravity.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 弯曲的; 决心的; <英>腐败的; 同性恋
n. 爱好，癖好; [建]排架; 剪股颖属草; [植]梗草，荒草地
v. （使）弯曲，屈身(bend的过去式和过去分词)
分布：弯曲的(79%)，嗜好(14%)，下定决心的(7%)
【记】读：奔腾。奔腾的特长就是永远有一颗奔腾的芯。
【反】ineptitude（n 愚笨；愚蠢的动作）
verb past simple and past participle of
■bend
[bent] adjective
DISHONEST 不诚实的 mainly UK slang
■(especially of a person in a position of authority) dishonest （尤指当权者）不诚实的
• a bent copper 不诚实的员警
[bent] adjective
HOMOSEXUAL 同性恋的 UK old-fashioned offensive
■(especially of men) homosexual （尤指男性）同性恋的
[bent] adjective
get bent out of shape US informal
■to become very angry or upset 非常生气或沮丧
• I'm not getting bent out of shape because people don't respect my opinion. I'm used to that. 我并不为人们不尊重我的意见而沮丧。我已经习惯了。
[bent] noun only singular
■a natural skill 天赋
• She has a scientific bent] a bent for science. 她在理科方面有天赋。
n. 爱好，嗜好
 - weakness, interest, habit, like, appetite
adj. 弯曲的；决心的
 - curve, winding, flexural, crooked

Word: nonstop
Front: nonstop
[nɒn'stɒp] (12147/37908)
Vocabulary: nonstop
(once / 7776 pages)
adjadvn
Things that are nonstop keep going all the time without pausing. A week of nonstop rain can cause flooding, and be pretty gloomy too.
You can use the word nonstop as an adjective or adverb, and while it can literally mean "without stopping," it's also frequently used in an exaggerated way, to mean "a lot of the time." Your friend's description of a nonstop dance party or a nervous substitute teacher who giggles nonstop are examples of this. A nonstop plane flight, on the other hand, literally flies from one city to another without landing at another airport on the way.
WORD FAMILY
nonstop: nonstops+/ stop: nonstop, stoping, stoppable, stoppage, stopped, stopper, stopping, stops/stoppable: unstoppable/stoppage: stoppages/stopper: stoppered, stoppering, stoppers/stoppered: unstoppered/stopping: stoppings/unstoppable: unstoppably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Truth be told, I listen to 4 Non Blondes’ “What’s Up” every week, but I play it nonstop on New Year’s Eve.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Despite the nonstop demand for rentals, those who build and bankroll apartments remain concerned about a possible oversupply bubble, especially for luxury units.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Dave Goodside kept the Beach Cafe restaurant open, borrowing money, laying off employees and sometimes working nonstop to remain afloat.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 直达的; 不停的; 不休息的; 不断的
adv. 直达地; 不停地; 不休息地; 不断地
n. 直达车，班机
分布：直达车(23%)，不间断的(20%)，不断的(17%)，直达的(15%)，不间断地(15%)，直达行驶(5%)，直达地(5%)
直达的(non+stop停止→不停→直达的)[non-表示"不,非"]
ADJ
不停的;不间断的;直达的
Something that is non-stop continues without any pauses or interruptions.
例：Many US cities now have non-stop flights to Aspen.美国很多城市现在都有直达阿斯彭的航班。
例：...80 minutes of non-stop music...80分钟不间断的音乐
adj. 直达的；不休息的；不着陆的
 - through, sleepless

Word: Albanian
Front: Albanian
[æl'beɪnɪən] (12196/13323)
Back: n. 阿尔巴尼亚人
adj. 阿尔巴尼亚的
分布：阿尔巴尼亚人(48%)，阿尔巴尼亚的(47%)，阿尔巴尼亚语(5%)
noun countable adjective
■Albanian 阿尔巴尼亚人／阿尔巴尼亚的

Word: concussion
Front: concussion
[kənˈkʌʃn] (宝 12161/21275)
Vocabulary: concussion
(once / 1698 pages)
n
A concussion is a violent blow, especially to the head, that often injures the brain or causes a loss of consciousness — an all-too-frequent occurrence, unfortunately, in contact sports like football or boxing.
First used around 1400, concussion originates from the Latin concussionem, which means "a shaking." Your brain certainly gets "a shaking" when you take a heavy blow to the head, which sometimes causes injury or permanent damage. It's not just people, though, who get concussions; a building can also suffer from a concussion during an earthquake.
WORD FAMILY
concussion: concussions+/concuss: concussed, concussing, concussion
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then Savage suffered a concussion during Sunday’s defeat at Tennessee.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But Savage’s status for this week is in question after he suffered a concussion in the second quarter of a loss to Tennessee on Sunday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Receiver Marin Jones was evaluated late in the game for a concussion, but returned to play.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 震荡; 脑震荡; 冲击; 震动
分布：脑震荡(94%)，震动(6%)
冲击,震荡(con全部+cuss+ion→全部摇动→震荡)[cuss=shake,表示"摇动"]
【记】con共同，cuss震动－震荡
【参】percussion（n 撞击，震动）；discussion（n 讨论）
noun uncountable
■temporary damage to the brain caused by a fall or hit on the head or by violent shaking 脑震荡
• He's been a bit dizzy and confused since the accident. Do you think it's mild concussion? 发生事故以来，他一直有点头晕和思维混乱。你觉得那是不是轻微脑震荡？
n. 冲击； [医] 震荡；脑震荡
 - brunt, impingement

Word: detour
Front: detour
[ˈdi:tʊə(r)] (宝 12159/14405 -1)
Vocabulary: detour
(once / 3146 pages)
nv
A detour is a longer, less direct way to get where you're going. A traffic accident sometimes means you have to take a detour to get home.
When signs direct drivers to take a detour, it's usually because of road work or an emergency that's blocking traffic. You can also detour, or take an unexpected route, while you're running errands, stopping at your favorite bakery for a cookie before you continue on. The French détour comes from the verb destorner, "turn aside."
WORD FAMILY
detour: detoured, detouring, detours
USAGE EXAMPLES
All oversize trucks exceeding 11 feet wide must use the posted detour route, which bypasses 11 miles of interstate.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
We were able to get on Interstates 94 and 69 in Port Huron without wondering where construction detours would lead us this time.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Twelve years and numerous dramatic detours later—including a divorce and second marriage for Ray—Joan finally accepted his proposal.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: v. 绕路，绕道
n. 绕道; 弯路
时态：detoured, detouring, detours
分布：绕路(49%)，便道(28%)，绕路而行(23%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-tour, 转，词源同turn, tourism. 即转开，迂回。
迂路;曲折(de加强动作+tour→转着走→语汇的路)[tour,torn,tourn=turn,表示"转,环绕"]
【记】de坏，tour旅行－旅行的不爽，因为绕道了。
US [-tʊr] noun countable
■a different or indirect route to a place, that is used to avoid a problem or to visit somewhere or do something 绕行的路，迂回路，绕行路线
• You'd be wise to make/ US also take a detour to avoid the roadworks. 绕开道路施工地点是明智之举。
vi. 绕道；迂回
 - go round

Word: kill
Front: kill
[kɪl] (中高研四 425/635 -K5)
Vocabulary: kill
(once / 29 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5v
To kill is to end the life of some living being or something else. So, you could kill a deer by shooting it with a hunting rifle or kill a bill by voting against it.
Hunters kill animals for their meat, and drivers sometimes kill an animal accidentally, or inadvertently kill a plant, simply by forgetting to water it. Certain inanimate things are also said to kill, like poison or disease or drunk driving. In each of these cases, death is caused and life is taken. You can also kill figuratively, as when a school board kills the foreign language program or a thunderstorm kills your hopes of a picnic.
WORD FAMILY
kill: killable, killed, killer, killing, kills+/killer: killers/killing: killingly, killings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two other car bombs killed six people, the security official said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Jurors would later see a video of Roof confessing to the crime — “Well, I killed them, I guess,” he said — and offering a racist rationale.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Citizens of more than a dozen countries, including Turkey, were killed in the carnage.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 杀死…
vt. 使停止[结束，失败]; 破坏，减弱，抵消; 使痛苦，使受折磨; 使笑得前仰后合，使笑死了
n. 杀死; 猎; 被捕杀的动物; 猎物
adj. 致命的
时态：killed, killing, kills
分布：杀(62%)，杀死(27%)，消磨(6%)，消灭(2%)，猎获物(1%)，使痛苦(1%)，终止(1%)
→可能来自古英语cwellan,杀死，词源同quell.
vt.杀死,消灭;破坏,毁灭;消磨(时间)The skilful miller killed millions of lions with his ski.技术娴熟的磨坊主用雪橇杀死了上百万头狮子.
verb
DEATH 死
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to cause someone or something to die 杀死；弄死；使致死
• Her parents were killed in a plane crash. 她的父母死于一次空难。
• Smoking can kill. 吸烟会危及生命。
• Food must be heated to a high temperature to kill harmful bacteria. 食物必须经高温加热以杀灭有害细菌。
[kɪl] verb
FINISH 终止
transitive
■to stop or destroy a relationship, activity or experience 终止；使停止；扼杀；破坏
• Lack of romance can kill a marriage. 缺少浪漫会毁掉婚姻。
• They've given her some tablets to kill the pain. 他们给她一些药片来止痛。
• Kill your speed. 停下来。
transitive (also kill off) mainly US informal
■to drink all of something 喝光
• We killed off two six-packs watching the game. 看比赛时，我们喝掉了两盒六瓶装啤酒。
[kɪl] verb
EFFORT 努力
transitive informal
■to cause someone a lot of effort or difficulty 使付出很多努力；给（某人）招来很多困难
• It wouldn't kill you to apologize. 道歉对你来说算不了甚么。
• He didn't exactly kill him self trying to get the work finished. 他并没有竭尽全力去完成工作。
[kɪl] verb
PAIN 疼痛
transitive informal
■to cause someone a lot of pain 使非常痛苦
• I must sit down, my feet are killing me! 我一定要坐下来，我的脚痛极了！
[kɪl] verb
ANGER 生气
transitive informal
■If you say that someone will kill you, you mean that they will be very angry with you （意指极为愤怒）非杀了（某人）不可
• My sister would kill me if she heard me say that. 要是我姐姐听见我那么说，非杀了我不可。
[kɪl] verb
ENTERTAIN 使娱乐
transitive mainly US informal
■to make someone laugh a lot 使某人捧腹大笑
• That comedian kills me. 那个喜剧演员真是把我笑翻了。
kill your self informal
■to laugh very much 笑得前仰后翻
• We were killing ourselves laughing. 我们快笑死了。
[kɪl] verb
kill sb with kindness
■to be too kind to someone, harming them because you are helping or giving them too much 宠坏（某人）
[kɪl] verb
kill the fatted calf
■to have a special celebration for someone who has been away for a long time 设宴欢迎（出行很久后返回的人）；接风洗尘
[kɪl] verb
kill the goose that lays the golden egg
■to destroy something that makes a lot of money for you 杀鸡取卵；竭泽而渔
[kɪl] verb
kill time/an hour, etc.
■to do something that keeps you busy while you are waiting for something else to happen 打发时间／消磨一个小时等
• The train was late, so I killed an hour or so window-shopping. 火车延迟了，我在商店里闲逛了大约一个小时来打发时间。
[kɪl] verb
kill two birds with one stone
■to succeed in achieving two things in a single action 一石二鸟，一举两得
• I killed two birds with one stone and picked the kids up on the way to the station. 我在去车站的途中顺便接了孩子，一举两得。
[kɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] kill sth off
■to destroy something completely, usually over a period of time 灭绝；杀光
• The use of pesticides is killing off birds, fish and wildlife. 杀虫剂的使用将灭绝鸟类、鱼类和野生动物。
• figurative Lack of funding is killing off small theatres. 资金短缺令小剧院纷纷倒闭。
[kɪl] noun countable usually singular
■an animal or bird which has been hunted and killed, or the action of killing 被捕杀的动物；猎物；杀死，捕杀
• The leopard seizes its kill and begins to eat. 豹子抓住猎物，便吃了起来。
• Like other birds of prey, it quickly moves in for the kill. 如同其他猛禽一样，它飞行迅速以捕食猎物。
[kɪl] noun countable usually singular
be in at the kill
■to be present at the end of an unpleasant process 亲见（糟糕的过程）结束，目睹事情失败
[kɪl] noun countable usually singular
kill or cure UK
■a way of solving a problem that will either fail completely or be very successful 不成功便是失败；成败在此一举；孤注一掷
• Having a baby can be kill or cure for a troubled marriage. 对于陷入感情困境的婚姻，生小孩可谓是孤注一掷。
[kɪl] noun countable usually singular
move/go in for the kill
■to prepare to defeat someone in an argument or competition when they are already in a weak position （在争论或比赛中）准备彻底击败（处于弱势的）对方
• He asked her a couple of difficult questions and then went in for the kill. 他问了她几个很难回答的问题，然后准备彻底把她驳倒。
massacre, execute, murder, slaughter, assassinate, kill
这组词都有“杀，杀死”的意思，其区别是：
massacre: 语气比slaughter强。指大屠杀，尤指屠杀失去了自卫能力的人。
execute: 指依法处死罪犯。
murder: 指谋杀或凶杀。
slaughter: 本义指大批宰杀动物，也指像屠宰牲畜一样一次杀死许多人。
assassinate: 通常指因政治原因用非法手段杀害政治领袖人物或短名人士。
kill: 普通用词，含义广泛，泛指以任何方式使人、动物或植物死亡。
vt. 杀死；扼杀；使终止；抵消
 - drop, offset
vi. 杀死
 - strike down, push about
n. 杀戮；屠杀
 - bloodshed
adj. 致命的；致死的
 - fatal, deadly, lethiferous

Word: undress
Front: undress
[ʌnˈdres] (12150/12641 -1)
Back: vt. 脱…衣服; 使卸下装饰; 暴露; 从（例如伤员）脱去绷带
vi. 脱衣服
n. 便服; 裸体; 衣服未穿完整
时态：undressed, undressing, undresses
分布：脱掉(37%)，使脱衣服(27%)，暴露(18%)，使卸去装饰(18%)
脱衣服(un+dress衣服)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
verb intransitive or transitive
■to remove your clothes or remove the clothes from someone else 脱去（…的）衣服
• Could you undress the kids for bed, Steve? 史蒂夫，你给孩子们脱衣服准备睡觉好吗？
• He undressed and got into the bath. 他脱掉衣服进入浴缸开始洗澡。
[ʌn'dres] verb intransitive or transitive
undress sb with your eyes informal
■to look at someone's body with strong, and often unpleasant, sexual desire 直勾勾地盯住（某人）看，色迷迷地打量（某人）
[ʌn'dres] noun formal or humorous
in a state of undress
■not wearing many or any clothes 衣不蔽体；赤身裸体
• He came to the door in a state of undress. 他光着身子走到门口。
vt. 使脱衣服；使卸去装饰；暴露
 - come to light, divulge
vi. 脱衣服
 - shed one's clothes, unrobe
n. 便服；裸体
 - civies, civilian clothes

Word: lovingly
Front: lovingly
['lʌvɪŋlɪ] (12151/11745)
Back: adv. 亲爱地
分布：钟情地(50%)，深情地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
充满爱的；钟爱的；关爱的
Someone who is loving feels or shows love to other people.
例：Jim was a most loving husband and father...吉姆是个非常体贴的丈夫和慈爱的父亲。
例：The children there were very loving to me.那里的孩子都很爱我。
ADJ-GRADED
（行为）爱护有加的，细心周到的
Loving actions are done with great enjoyment and care.
例：The house has been restored with loving care.此屋已被悉心修复。
adv. 亲切地；钟爱地
 - warmly, kindly

Word: exude
Front: exude
[ɪgˈzju:d] (托宝 12157/13941 -1)
Vocabulary: exude
(once / 3343 pages)
v
To exude is to give off small amounts, usually of liquids or gases, through small openings, such as pores. Think of how you exude sweat after a workout.
The word exude is often used to describe sweating — the original Latin root, sudāre means "to sweat." Still, we frequently use the word exude to refer to anything that seems to ooze or pour forth from an object or person. John F. Kennedy was said to exude confidence, while his wife, Jackie, exuded class. But the verb can also have a negative sense, as when we say a skunk exudes a foul smell.
WORD FAMILY
exude: exudate, exudation, exuded, exudes, exuding+/exudate: exudates/ exudation: exudations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Exude confidence even when it seems to the outside world confidence shouldn’t exist.”
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Some British politicians exude confidence that rational economic self-interest will prevail.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 使渗出; 使流出; 充分显示，显露; 发出，散发
vi. 渗出; 缓慢流出; 发出，发散
时态：exuded, exuding, exudes
分布：渗出(55%)，流出(45%)
→ex-, 向外。-sud, 汗，词源同sweat. 比喻用法, 词义由流汗引申为流露。
渗出,慢慢流出(由"出汗"引申出来)[sud=sweat(汗)]
【记】ex出，ude＝sud汗－出汗－慢慢流出
【参】sudorific（adj 发汗的）；sudation（n 出汗）
【反】absorb＝take in（v 吸引；吸收）
US [-'zu:d] verb transitive
FEELING 感觉
■If you exude love, confidence, pain, etc., you show that you have a lot of that feeling 明显地流露，充分显露（爱、自信、痛苦等）
• She just exudes confidence. 她显得信心十足。
UK [ɪg'zju:d] US [-'zu:d] verb transitive
LIQUID/SMELL 液体／气味
■to produce a smell or liquid substance from inside 散发；渗出，流出
• Some trees exude from their bark a sap that repels insect parasites. 一些树的树皮会分泌出一种汁液来驱除寄生在树上的昆虫。
vt. 散发；流出；使渗出
 - steam, shed, stream
vi. 流出；渗出；发散
 - discharge, issue, shed

Word: retail
Front: retail
[ˈri:teɪl] (研四六托雅宝 3479/3601 -3)
Vocabulary: retail
(once / 320 pages)
nadvv
If you buy a pair of jeans at your neighborhood Chique Boutique, you’re buying retail, but if you go to China and buy a boatload of jeans directly from the manufacturer, you’re buying wholesale, which is the opposite of retail.
If you make your living growing flowers, you may have a retail shop where you sell to people buying flowers for themselves, and you may also have a wholesale business, where you sell flowers to florists and supermarkets who sell your flowers to their customers. As you have probably figured out, the retail shops — the florists and supermarkets — add their own markup to the wholesale price you charge them, so they can make a profit, too.
WORD FAMILY
retail: retailed, retailer, retailing, retails+/retailer: retailers/retailing: retailings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Pemex spokesman said relatively few gasoline stations were affected, although protesters temporarily blocked storage terminals, delaying the delivery of gasoline to retail points.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Instead, cash dried up, retail commerce froze, and Maduro suspended the move as rioting and looting erupted.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Low-paying industries, such as retail, are among the largest and fastest-growing.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 零售
vt. 零售; 零卖; 转述; 传播
adj. 零售的
adv. 以零售方式
时态：retailed, retailing, retails
分布：零售(99%)，以零售形式(1%)
→re-,向后，往回，-tail,剪，切，词源同 tailor.即切下来，引申词义零售，销售。
零售(re再+tail→再监一次→零售)[tail=cut,表示"剪,割"]
n.零售Jail life made the frail retailer avail every snail in the pail.监狱生命使脆弱的零售商在桶里有益于每只蜗牛.
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the activity of selling goods to the public, usually in small quantities 零售，零卖
• The job is open to applicants with over two years' experience in retail. 这份工作面向有两年以上零售经验的求职者。
• The clothing company has six retail outlets (= shops) in south-eastern Australia. 这间服装公司在澳大利亚东南部地区开设了六家零售店。
• $13 off the manufacturer's recommended retail price 比生产商的建议零售价便宜13美元
Compare wholesale
['ri:.teɪl] verb transitive
■to sell goods to the public in shops or by post 零售，零卖
• The company makes and retails moderately priced sportswear. 这间公司生产和零售价格适中的运动服。
retail at/for sth
■to be sold at a particular price 以…价格零售，零售价格为…
• This model of computer is retailing at £650. 这款电脑零售价为650英镑。
n. 零售
 - sell-through, resale

Word: self-control
Front: self-control
[self kən'trəʊl] (-1)
Vocabulary: self-control
(once / 1037 pages)
n
Self-control is the quality that allows you to stop yourself from doing things you want to do but that might not be in your best interest. For example, without self-control, you might burp and curse nonstop.
Have you ever had a potato chip or two and pretty soon you’ve eaten the whole bag? Eating a whole bag of chips shows little self-control. Not charging an expensive thing you want to a credit card takes self-control. Getting up early for work takes self-control. Without self-control, it's hard to get far in life. Self-control is similar to self-discipline.
WORD FAMILY
control: controled, controling, controllable, controlled, controller, controlling, controls, decontrol, self-control +/controllable: controllably, uncontrollable / controlled: controlledly, uncontrolled/controller: controllers, controllership/controlling: controllingest, controllingly/decontrol: decontrolled, decontrolling, decontrols/uncontrolled: uncontrollably, uncontrolledly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Siatta was quieter than usual and emanated discipline and self-control.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Self-control strategies involve drawing battle lines between them.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
These experiments demonstrated that there is a finite store of mental energy for exerting self-control.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
Back: n. 自我控制，自制; 自控; 自我克制
分布：克己(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
自制力;自我克制
Self-control is the ability to not show your feelings or not do the things that your feelings make you want to do.
例：His self-control, reserve and aloofness were almost inhuman...他自制、矜持和冷漠得几乎有些不近人情。
例：I began to wish I'd shown more self-control.我开始想当时若是更自制一些就好了。

Word: citizenry
Front: citizenry
[ˈsɪtɪzənri] (12187/34813)
Back: n. 全体国民; 全体州居民; 全体市民
分布：市民(100%)
公民(总称)(citizen公民)[-ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面1.表示"状态,性质"2.表示"行业,学科"3.表示集合名词4.表示"场地"]
N-SING-COLL
全体国民;全体州居民;全体市民
The people living in a country, state, or city can be referred to as the citizenry .
例：He used the medium of radio when he wanted to enlist public support or reassure the citizenry...他利用广播媒介来获得公众支持或安定民心。
例：I think we lack a citizenry that is adequately willing to take responsibility.我觉得我们缺乏非常愿意承担责任的公民。
n. 市民；公民
 - people, municipality, burgher

Word: rind
Front: rind
[raɪnd] (宝 12194/17035 -1)
Vocabulary: rind
(once / 2412 pages)
n
A rind is a thick, inedible peel. You'll have to remove the rind of your orange before you eat it.
Most rinds occur naturally, growing to cover and protect a fruit or a plant. You can also call the thick, waxy covering on a wheel of cheese a rind, or the inedible skin on a sausage or another food. The Old English root rinde originally meant "bark or crust," and later also "peel of a fruit or vegetable."
WORD FAMILY
rind: rinds
USAGE EXAMPLES
State TV offered tips on making “steak” from grapefruit rind.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Flaeskesteg, the Christmas dinner of Denmark, is pork with a rind that’s been roasted to a crispy crackling.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
“You can eat the rind,” a server tells us.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. （瓜、果等的）皮; （干酪等）外皮; 硬皮，壳
vt. 剥去…的皮
分布：皮(82%)，壳(18%)
→来自古英语 rinde,树皮，果皮，来自 Proto-Germanic*树皮，果皮，来自 rent,砍，撕，词 源同 rand,rend.
【记】吃西瓜之前要rinse（漂洗）rind
noun countable or uncountable
■the hard outer layer or covering of particular fruits and foods （某些水果或食物的）外皮，外壳，硬皮
• lemon/orange rind 柠檬／橘子皮
• bacon/cheese rind 熏猪肉／起司的外皮
Compare peel
n. 壳；外皮
 - shell, skin, crusta
vt. 剥壳；削皮
 - pare

Word: lifeless
Front: lifeless
[ˈlaɪfləs] (12197/11973 -1)
Vocabulary: lifeless
(once / 1001 pages)
adj
Someone who's lifeless has died. Your lifeless house plant probably got that way because you forgot to water it.
You can use the adjective lifeless to describe once-living things, like people, animals, and plants, and you can also use it for objects that appear inert: "The creepy thing about that painting is the clown's lifeless eyes." Things that are duller or droopier than they should be are also lifeless, like your lifeless hair or a writer's lifeless prose. Less common is using lifeless to mean "with no living things," like the lifeless planet Venus.
WORD FAMILY
lifeless: lifelessly, lifelessness+/ life: lifeless, lifelike, lifer, lifes, lives, pro-life/ lifelike: unlifelike/lifer: lifers/pro-life: pro-lifer/pro-lifer: pro-lifers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shortly after he awoke, he said, he spotted Collins' lifeless body in the spa.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A spotlight shone on the seemingly lifeless body of the Coyote.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The result: users falling into a trancelike state, groaning and moaning, their eyes lifeless and their movements slow and seemingly mechanical.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 无生命的; 死气沉沉的，无生气的; 无趣味的; 毫无生气
分布：无生命的(60%)，死气沉沉的(25%)，无趣味的(15%)
adjective
■dead 死亡的，没有生命的
• His lifeless body lay on the floor. 他的尸体躺在地板上。
■showing little energy or interest 没有生气的，无精打采的，乏味的
• a lifeless performance 死气沉沉的表演
■not filled with or used by people 无人居住（或使用）的；没有人气的
• The offices are still empty and lifeless. 办公室里依然空空荡荡，没有一个人。
adj. 无生命的；死气沉沉的；无趣味的
 - dead, inanimate

Word: regal
Front: regal
[ˈri:gl] (宝 12160/12191 -1)
Vocabulary: regal
(once / 1593 pages)
adj
Even though he was homeless, Dan had a regal bearing. Regal is an adjective that describes things that appear to be royal.
There are several synonyms for regal, but they all have slightly different meanings. Reserve regal for those instances when the person or thing truly seems like it wants to be the queen, actually is the queen, or looks like it might belong to the queen. My French teacher has a truly regal bearing: she stands stick-straight, with her chin in the air, and acts as though she's the queen and we're her court. A regal attitude from a trembling Chihuahua is the height of irony: that little bugger couldn't rule a cat-box, let alone a whole country.
WORD FAMILY
regal: regaler, regalest, regally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players aren’t celebrating or grieving but simply overcome with the emotion of spending three hours in this nation’s most regal football game.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Palmer never much cared for the regal honorific.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“The Champion sweatshirt is such a regal piece,” said Josh Matthews, the director of merchandising at Flight Club and a longtime collector of the brand.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 君主的，皇家的; 属于君主的，适合君主的; 豪华的
分布：帝王的(74%)，尊贵的(26%)
→来自拉丁语 regalis,国王的，王室的，来自 rex,国王，来自 reg,拉直，管理，统治，词源 同 regulate,right.
【记】reg统治，al：帝王的，参：regime（n 政体；政权制度）
adjective
■very special and suitable for a king or queen 帝王的，国王的；庄严的
• a regal manner 王者风范
• He made a regal entrance. 他像个国王一样庄严地走了进来。
adj. 帝王的；王室的；豪华的；庄严的
 - household, grand, purple, sacred

Word: polio
Front: polio
[ˈpəʊliəʊ] (12207/22052 -1)
Back: n. <医>脊髓灰质炎（等于poliomyelitis）
分布：脊髓灰质炎(51%)，小儿麻痹症(49%)
US ['poʊ.li.oʊ] (specialized poliomyelitis)
noun uncountable
■a serious infectious disease that can cause permanent paralysis (= being unable to move the body) 脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症
• a polio vaccination programme 小儿麻痹症疫苗接种计划
• Now 95 per cent of UK babies are immunised against diphtheria, tetanus, polio, measles, mumps and rubella. 现在英国有95%的婴儿接种了预防白喉、破伤风、小儿麻痹症、麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的疫苗。
n. 小儿麻痹症（等于poliomyelitis）；脊髓灰质炎
 - infantile paralysis, tephromyelitis

Word: proton
Front: proton
[ˈprəʊtɒn] (六 12172/10937 -1)
Vocabulary: proton
(once / 9712 pages)
n
Atoms are made up of three main particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons. A proton has a positive electrical charge, while electrons are negative. The number of protons and electrons is equal in each atom.
The atomic number of an element, which is the number in the upper left corner of its box on the periodic table, is the number of protons in each atom. The hydrogen atom, for example, has just one proton, so it also has one electron and its atomic number is 1. If you have an atom with two protons in its nucleus, you know it can't be a hydrogen atom.
WORD FAMILY
proton: antiproton, protons+/antiproton: antiprotons
USAGE EXAMPLES
A proton and an electron will pull toward each other, while two electrons will repel each other.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Firing your particle thrower wraps a stream of protons around them, just like in the movie.
Seattle Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Even the proton streams from the Ghostbusters equipment danced into the black bars eliciting a slight gasp from audience members.
Washington Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. [物]质子
分布：质子(100%)
→proto-,原始的，最早的，-on,物理名词后缀，来自electron.
质子(prot第一＋on)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
US ['proʊ.tˌɑ:n] noun countable
■a type of elementary particle (= very small piece of matter) which has a positive electrical charge and is found in the nucleus of all atoms 质子 Compare electron ; neutron
n. [物] 质子
 - merron, uron

Word: potassium
Front: potassium
[pəˈtæsiəm] (托 12184/10661 -1)
Back: n. <化>钾
分布：钾(100%)
→来自potash,钾碱，-um,化学元素。
noun uncountable
■a silvery-white element which, when combined with other elements, is used in the production of soap, glass and fertilizers (= substances which help plants to grow) 钾
n. [化学] 钾
 - kalium

Word: incest
Front: incest
[ˈɪnsest] (12206/12470 -1)
Vocabulary: incest
(once / 3942 pages)
n
Incest is a word for any kind of sex between family members: parent and child, brother and sister, or cousin and cousin.
There are many disturbing things in the world, and incest is near the top of the list. Incest is when people who are related have sex. This could take many forms: a parent raping a child is incest. Two first cousins marrying is also incest. Different states have different rules for how distantly related two people need to be to avoid incest, mostly because children born from incest often have serious health problems.
WORD FAMILY
incest: incests, incestuous+/incestuous: incestuously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the essay titles here: “Should Adult Sibling Incest Be a Crime?”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Gill’s suspicions were aroused, she said, because Sawyer had told her of a family history of incest.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Upholding such a claim “must logically extend to activities like prostitution, adultery, necrophilia, bestiality, possession of child pornography and even incest and pedophilia,” he added.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 乱伦; 近亲通婚; 乱伦罪; 血族相婚
分布：乱伦(100%)
→in-,不，非，-cest,纯的，词源同caste,castrate.即不纯洁的，引申词义乱伦。
noun uncountable
■sexual activity involving people who are closely related and not legally allowed to marry 乱伦
• a victim of incest 乱伦的受害者
n. 乱伦；近亲通婚
 - fornication

Word: smack
Front: smack
[smæk] (托 7202/7839 -2)
Back: vt. 拍，打，掴
n. 掌掴（声）; 海洛因; （打的）一拳; 打巴掌
adv. 直接地; 准确地; 猛烈地; 急剧地
时态：smacked, smacking, smacks
分布：打(39%)，响吻(15%)，风味(9%)，用掌击(8%)，直接地(8%)，猛然地(5%)，劈啪声(5%)，少许(5%)，拍打(2%)，掌击声(2%)，带有 ... 风味(2%)
verb
transitive
■to hit someone or something forcefully with the flat inside part of your hand, producing a short loud noise, especially as a way of punishing a child （尤指作为惩戒孩子的方式）掌掴，打
• I never smack my children. 我从来不打孩子。
• I'll smack your bottom if you don't behave yourself. 如果你表现不好，我就打你屁股。
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hit something hard against something else 撞；使劲摔
• I smacked my head on the corner of the shelf. 我的头撞到架子边角。
• She smacked her books down on the table and stormed out of the room. 她啪地把书摔在桌子上，气冲冲地离开了房间。
[smæk] verb
smack your lips
■to close and open your mouth loudly to express a strong wish to eat something you like a lot 咂嘴唇
• "I adore chocolate cake, " said Susannah, smacking her lips. “我喜欢巧克力蛋糕，”苏珊娜边咂着嘴唇边说道。
[smæk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  smack of sth
■If something smacks of an unpleasant quality, it seems to have that quality 带有…意味，带有…迹象
• The whole affair smacks of mismanagement and incompetence. 整件事让人觉得有点管理不善，当事人能力不足。
[smæk] noun
HIT FORCEFULLY 猛击
countable
■a hit from someone's flat hand as a punishment （作为惩戒手段的）打巴掌，掴
• You're going to get a smack on the bottom if you don't stop being such a naughty boy. 如果你再这么调皮，就该打屁股了。
countable informal
■a hit given with the fist (= closed hand) 打击（用握成拳的手施加的打击）
• I gave him a smack on the jaw. 我一拳头打在了他下巴上。
countable
■a short loud noise 呯的一声，啪的一声
• She slammed her case down on the desk with a smack. 她啪的一声把她的皮箱放到桌子上。
countable informal
■a loud kiss 响吻
• a big smack on the lips 在嘴唇上的响亮一吻
[smæk] noun
DRUG 毒品
uncountable slang
■ heroin (= a strong illegal drug) 海洛因
• How long has she been on smack? 她吸食海洛因多久了？
[smæk] adverb (UK also smack-bang) (US also smack-dab)
EXACTLY 确切地
■exactly in a place 不偏不倚地，正好
• She lives smack in the middle of London. 她就住在伦敦市中心。
[smæk] adverb (UK also smack-bang) (US also smack-dab)
DIRECTLY 直接地
■directly and forcefully, producing a short loud noise 径直，猛地；砰然作声地
• I wasn't looking where I was going and walked smack into a lamppost. 我没有看路，不偏不倚直接撞到了灯柱上。
n. 滋味；少量；海洛因；风味
 - flavor, bit, horse
adv. 猛然；直接地
 - directly, immediately, straight, fair

Word: flicker
Front: flicker
[ˈflɪkə(r)] (托雅宝 8044/7339 -1)
Vocabulary: flicker
(once / 575 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To flicker is to flash on and off at random. If your computer screen is flickering right now, you are probably having trouble reading this.
Something that is flickering is flashing on and off in an unpredictable way. A fluorescent light may flicker for a while before it stops working. A flicker is also a quick flash or burst of light, like a glint or a spark. Similarly, flicker can refer to a sudden and short-lived feeling. A child opening a present might have a flicker of excitement before realizing that the box contains only tube socks and underwear.
WORD FAMILY
flicker: flickered, flickering, flickers+/ flick: flicked, flicker, flicking, flicks/flickering: flickeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’m hopeful that 2017 will see the flickering resurgence of outdoor civic spaces blossom into something more profound and lasting.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And at that moment, the girl’s eyes flickered and set on Seb’s smiling face.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The data provided a “flicker of optimism” Mizuho Bank economists said in a commentary, “But this is a far cry from an emphatic recovery.”
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 闪烁; 飘扬，摆动; 昏倒
n. 闪烁; 闪光; 电影; 假装昏倒的乞丐
时态：flickered, flickering, flickers
分布：闪烁(72%)，闪光(10%)，颤动(8%)，闪动(7%)，摇动(3%)
→来自flick，轻弹。
【记】火被flick（v 轻打；轻弹）就会flicker把你f到lick你的人er的眼睛当时是闪烁的！
US [-ɚ] verb
intransitive
■to shine with a light that is sometimes bright and sometimes weak 摇曳；闪烁
• I felt a cold draft and the candle started to flicker. 我感到一阵冷风袭来，烛光开始摇曳起来。
intransitive or transitive
■to appear for a short time or to make a sudden movement 闪现，一闪而过；使…突然动一下
• A smile flickered across her face. 她脸上掠过一丝微笑。
• He'd been in a coma for weeks, when all of a sudden he flickered an eyelid. 他已经昏迷几个星期了，突然他的眼皮动了一下。
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
LIGHT 光
■when a light is sometimes bright and sometimes weak （光的）摇曳，闪烁
• the soft flicker of candlelight 烛光的轻轻摇曳
UK ['flɪk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
FEELING 感觉
■a short feeling or expression of an emotion or quality （感觉或情绪的）闪现，一闪而过
• There was a flicker of hope in his eyes. 他的眼中闪过一丝希望。
vi. [电子] [光] 闪烁；摇曳；颤动；扑动翅膀；假装昏倒
 - spark, coruscate
vt. [电子] [光] 使闪烁；使摇曳
 - gleam
n. [电子] [光] 闪烁；闪光；电影
 - movie, film, cinema

Word: eater
Front: eater
[ˈi:tə(r)] (12208/15051 -1)
Back: n. 吃…的人; 腐蚀物，腐蚀剂
分布：食者(88%)，腐蚀剂(12%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun
a big/good/small eater
■someone who always eats a lot/very little 食量大的 ／ 胃口好的 ／ 食量小的人

Word: assured
Front: assured
[əˈʃʊəd] (宝 12188/9499 -3)
Vocabulary: assured
(once / 114 pages)
adj
If you're assured, you act with self-confidence and certainty. An assured candidate is more likely to get a job than a hesitant, doubtful one.
An assured statement is said with conviction, and an assured football team has an advantage over an uncertain one, simply because of their confidence. It can be uncomfortable to be the audience for a nervous performer, but an assured one is a pleasure to watch. The adjective assured comes from the verb assure, with its Old French root, asseurer, "to reassure, calm, or protect."
WORD FAMILY
assured: assuredest, assuredly, assuredness, self-assured, unassured+/ assurance: assurances, self-assurance/ assure: assurance, assured, assures, assuring, reassure / assuring: assuringly/reassurance: reassurances/ reassure: reassurance, reassured, reassures, reassuring / reassured: reassuredly/ reassuring: reassuringly, unreassuring/unreassuring: unreassuringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On set, Mills is his best self: assured, curious, generous.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The deficit was “no big deal,” Harriott assured his guys, but they’d win only if they played as a team.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He assured me that as soon as we got a bit of good weather it would be grand.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 确定的; 自信的; 自大的，狂妄的，胆大妄为的; <英>被保了险的
n. 被保险人; 保险受益人; 深信无疑; 非常肯定
v. 使相信，使确信(assure的过去式); 保险; 使相信，使确信(assure的过去式和过去分词); 保险
分布：保障的(39%)，确实的(37%)，动词assure的过去式和过去分词.(12%)，有自信的(12%)
US [-'ʃʊrd] adjective
CONFIDENT 自信的 (also self-assured)
■showing skill and confidence 自信的；艺高胆大的
• an assured performance 自信的表演
UK [ə'ʃɔ:d] US [-'ʃʊrd] adjective
CERTAIN 确定
■certain to be achieved or got 有把握的；有保证的
• Now that the finance has been secured, the production of the film is assured. 既然资金已经落实，这出电影的制作也就有了保证。
adj. 确定的；自信的
 - established, confident, fixed, defined, positive
n. [保险] 被保险人
 - insured
v. 保证；确实（assure的过去分词）
 - engaged, stipulated

Word: ultrasound
Front: ultrasound
[ˈʌltrəsaʊnd] (12215/17847 -1)
Vocabulary: ultrasound
(once / 21888 pages)
n
The noun ultrasound is a medical term for a scan that allows doctors to easily and safely see inside a patient's body.
An ultrasound uses inaudible sound waves to create a picture of a person's internal organs, muscles, bones, and other body parts. The type of ultrasound that's most familiar to non-medical professionals is the kind that allows a doctor or technician to see a fetus from the outside of a pregnant woman's stomach. The person who performs an ultrasound is called a sonographer or a radiologist.
WORD FAMILY
ultrasound: ultrasounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team at St Mary's hospital in London used focused ultrasound guided by an MRI scanner to destroy tissue causing the tremor.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The twins’ parents visited Idaho Falls for Byrd’s 20-week ultrasound and when the twins were born.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
With no medical gel for ultrasounds, hair gel was being used instead.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 超声; 超声波
分布：名词(100%)
noun
uncountable
■special sound waves used in such processes as examining organs inside the body and directing the path of submarines 超声波（用于人体器官检查、潜艇导航等）
• They'll use ultrasound to monitor her ovaries to see if they're responding to the treatment. 他们将利用超声波监测她的卵巢以确定治疗是否有效。
• ultrasound scanning/imaging 超声波扫描／成像
countable
■an ultrasound scan 超声波检查
n. [声] 超声；超音波
 - ultra audible sound

Word: meltdown
Front: meltdown
[ˈmeltdaʊn] (12192/34115)
Back: n. 彻底垮台
分布：崩溃(60%)，灾难(25%)，熔毁(15%)
→比喻用法。
noun
NUCLEAR 核能
countable or uncountable
■an extremely dangerous situation in a nuclear power station in which the nuclear fuel becomes very hot and melts through its container and escapes into the environment （核电厂核燃料的）熔毁
['melt.daʊn] noun
FAILURE 失败
uncountable informal
■a complete failure, especially in financial matters （尤指金融方面的）灾难
• financial/economic/market meltdown 金融灾难／经济崩溃／市场崩溃
• The last few months have seen the progressive meltdown of the country's political system. 过去几个月间，该国的政治体系一步步走向瓦解。
countable or uncountable informal
■when a person becomes extremely upset and is not able to deal with life 崩溃（指一个人极度悲伤而不能应付生活）
n. 灾难；彻底垮台；熔化；暴跌
 - disaster, fusion, tragedy, calamity

Word: unfavorable
Front: unfavorable
['ʌn'feɪvərəbl] (托 12203/-)
Back: adj. 不利的; 相反的; 令人不快的; 不吉利的
分布：不宜的(70%)，不理想的(30%)
adj. 不宜的；令人不快的；不顺利的
 - painful, distasteful

Word: warlord
Front: warlord
[ˈwɔ:lɔ:d] (12201/16466 -1)
Back: n. 军阀
分布：军阀(100%)
→war,战争，lord,主，上帝。用来指军阀。
US ['wɔ:r.lɔ:rd] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■a military leader who controls a country or, more often, an area within a country 军阀

Word: fable
Front: fable
[ˈfeɪbl] (研六托 12174/14705 -1)
Vocabulary: fable
(once / 394 pages)
n
A fable is a moral tale that often features animal characters. “The Tortoise and the Hare” is a well-known fable whose moral is "Slow and steady wins the race."
We often associate fables with the master of them all, Aesop. Among the most famous fables attributed to this storyteller of ancient Greece are "The Boy Who Cried Wolf" and "The Fox and the Grapes." But like its cousins tale, myth, and legend, the word fable is also used to describe a deliberate fabrication or fiction. In other words, it can be a polite way to describe a lie.
WORD FAMILY
fable: fables, fabulist, fabulous +/ fabulist: fabulists/ fabulous: fabulously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story, first read in its entirety by Sherlock, is based on an ancient Mesopotamian fable that appears in the Babylonian Talmud.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Many of these little fables and ditties are, as the title suggests, about God, or matters concerning God.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But he’s also a big-picture guy whose favorite movie is “It’s a Wonderful Life,” Frank Capra’s dark fable about disappointment, community and second chances.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 寓言，童话; 传说; 无稽之谈; 人人谈论的话题
v. 讲故事，编寓言; 虚构，杜撰; 煞有介事地讲
分布：寓言(70%)，神话(13%)，无稽之谈(9%)，虚构(6%)，讲寓言(2%)
→来自bha, 说，词源同phone, fame. 指说的故事，寓言等。
寓言;传说[fabl,fabul=speak,表示"讲,说"]
n.寓言It's a fable that the cable enables the disabled man to be able to walk.电缆使得残疾人能够行走是天方夜谭.
noun countable or uncountable
■a short story which tells a general truth or is only partly based on fact, or literature of this type 寓言；寓言故事
• the fable of the tortoise and the hare 龟兔赛跑的寓言故事
story, tale, fiction, fable, romance, novel
这组词都有“小说，故事”的意思，其区别是：
story: 指篇幅较短，常包含一系列情节或事件，口述或书写成文的故事。
tale: 常可与story换用，指以事实为中心作叙述的故事，也指古代流传下来的传说故事或神话故事。
fiction: 指部分或全部虚构的短篇、中篇、长篇小说，也指传奇故事，是小说的总称。
fable: 指短小而寓有教育意义的虚构故事。故事的主人公多为拟人化的动物或非动物之类。也作传说解。
romance: 系novel早期的代用词，泛指具有强烈神话和传奇色彩的故事，现指爱情故事。
novel: 指任何有情节、人物、对白，虚构的长篇散文体故事。
n. 寓言；无稽之谈
 - allegory, parable
vi. 编寓言；虚构
 - romance, cook up
vt. 煞有介事地讲述；虚构
 - invent, cook up

Word: civility
Front: civility
[səˈvɪləti] (研托宝 12195/21057)
Vocabulary: civility
(once / 976 pages)
n
Civility is the act of showing regard for others by being polite, like the civility you showed in speaking kindly to someone who has hurt your feelings.
Civility comes from the Latin word civilis, meaning "relating to public life, befitting a citizen," in other words, being friendly and nice to everyone. When you show civility, you use kindness and good manners. You are respectful, even if you do not like that person very much. Civility can also mean formal politeness, like your behavior at a fancy dinner.
WORD FAMILY
civility: civilities, incivility +/ civil: civiler, civilest, civilian, civilise, civility, civilize, civilly, uncivil/ civilian: civilians/civilisation: civilisations/civilise: civilisation, civilised, civilises, civilising/civilised: noncivilised, uncivilised/ civilization: civilizations/ civilize: civilization, civilized, civilizes, civilizing/ civilized: noncivilized, uncivilized/ incivility: incivilities/uncivil: uncivilly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, 2016 was a terrible year — for politics, civility, discourse, death.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Civility was the order of the day, not ordering others about under the guise of telling them to follow their own conscience.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The focus is on the serious business risk posed by failing to foster a culture of civility.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 礼貌; 客气; 礼仪; 客套
分布：礼貌(89%)，谦恭(11%)
谦恭,礼仪(civil市民→文明+ity→谦恭有礼)[civ=citizen,表示"公民"]
【记】civil城市：城市里的人就是彬彬有礼、待人客气。
【反】rudeness（n 无礼）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■politeness or a polite remark 礼貌；客气（的评价）
• She greeted them with civility, but not much warmth. 她客气地跟他们打招呼，可是不大热情。
• After a few civilities, they got down to business. 寒暄几句后他们就谈起了正事。
n. 礼貌；礼仪；端庄
 - ceremony, protocol

Word: neutrality
Front: neutrality
[nju:ˈtræləti] (12204/9055)
Vocabulary: neutrality
(once / 1019 pages)
1n 2n
If you refuse to take sides in an argument over whether Batman or Superman is the greatest superhero, then you are practicing neutrality. Whether you admire both equally or you simply don’t care, you are a neutral party.
Neutrality can be used broadly to describe individuals or organizations in relationship to any kind of dispute, but it most often refers to countries that don’t engage in war. For example, Sweden has a long and famous tradition of neutrality, as it has not gone to war since 1814. Referees for sporting events are also supposed to work from a position of neutrality — that is, they should never favor one team over another.
WORD FAMILY
neutrality: neutralities+/ neutral: neutral-colored, neutralise, neutralism, neutralize, neutrally, neutrals/neutralise: neutralisation, neutralised, neutralises, neutralising/neutralism: neutralist/neutralist: neutralists, neutrality / neutralize: neutralization, neutralized, neutralizes, neutralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It permits us, with a marvellous neutrality, and later it may permit artificial intelligence, humanity 2.0, or a lot more bugs instead.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
For now, we should pursue an alternative security arrangement and accept neutrality as our near-term vision for the future.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The Dutch net neutrality law unambiguously forbids the practice, but European Union rules are less clear.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 中立，中立地位; <化>中性
分布：中立(100%)
US [nu:'træl.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■a neutral position, especially in a war （尤指战时的）中立状态
• Sweden isn't likely ever to abandon its traditional neutrality. 瑞典永远不可能放弃其传统的中立立场。
• The Queen has maintained political neutrality throughout her reign. 女王在位期间，政治上一直保持中立。
n. 中立；中性；中立立场
 - fence-sitter, indifference

Word: overrule
Front: overrule
[ˌəʊvəˈru:l] (雅宝 12198/11392 -1)
Back: vt. 驳回，否决; 统治，支配; 对…施加影响
时态：overruled, overruling, overrules
分布：否决(59%)，驳回(26%)，统治(10%)，对...施加影响(5%)
→over-,在上，超过，rule,统治，管理。即上层管理者，后用于指否决，推翻。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■(of a person who has official authority) to decide against a decision that has already been made （指有权威的人）否决，驳回，宣布…无效
• In tennis, the umpire can overrule the line judge. 在网球比赛中，主裁判可以否决边裁的判决。
vt. 否决；统治；对…施加影响
 - rule against, vote down

Word: earmark
Front: earmark
[ˈɪəmɑ:k] (12180/9935 -1)
Vocabulary: earmark
(once / 4130 pages)
1v 2n
To earmark something is to set it aside for a specific purpose. If you’re saving money to spend it in a particular way — whether it’s for college or a fancy new pair of shoes — you have earmarked that money.
Originally, an earmark was a mark on the ear of an animal — such as a sheep — that indicated ownership. Similarly, when government officials earmark a resource, they're indicating what the resource will be used for. Earmarking is usually about money. $10,000 could be earmarked for cancer research. A grant could be earmarked for a children's hospital. Earmarking is a way of stating how something will be used.
WORD FAMILY
earmark: earmarked, earmarking, earmarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This year was a good earmark for just level-headedness, not jumping the gun,” Pry said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In Angola, $64 million frozen by the Swiss authorities was repatriated and earmarked for mine clearance and agricultural development.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To develop, manufacture and market the car, Ford earmarked $3 billion — about $8 billion in today’s dollars — in hope of turning the company around.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 指定用途; 标记; 打耳记
n. 特征; 耳记; 标记
时态：earmarked, earmarking, earmarks
分布：指定(38%)，特征(21%)，耳上记号(21%)，记号(10%)，在耳朵做记号(10%)
→因古代在自家牲口耳朵上作记号而引申该词义，比较maverick.
US ['ɪr.mɑ:rk] verb transitive often passive
■to keep or intend something for a particular purpose 划拨（款项）；指定…作特定用途
• Five billion dollars of this year's budget is already earmarked for hospital improvements. 今年的预算已经提拨50亿美元专门用于改善医院设施。
vt. 在耳朵上做记号；标记
 - flag, emblemize
n. 特征；耳上记号
 - characteristic, specificity

Word: aerobics
Front: aerobics
[eəˈrəʊbɪks] (12223/23211 -1)
Vocabulary: aerobics
(once / 39008 pages)
n
Aerobics is a type of exercise that works the heart and lungs, leaving you breathing hard. When you do aerobics, you work up a sweat.
Aerobics is a kind of workout that makes you breathe faster and gets your heart pounding, like jogging or biking uphill. When people talk about aerobics, they sometimes mean a specific exercise program that's often done in groups, accompanied by loud music. This kind of aerobics has been around since the 1960s, combining vigorous movements, stretching, and strength training. Aerobics comes from aerobic, originally "living only in the presence of oxygen," with the Greek roots aero, "air," and bios, "life."
WORD FAMILY
aerobic: aerobically, aerobics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The reduced risk for cardiovascular death was 36 percent for aerobics, 41 percent for swimming and 56 percent for racket sports.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Call this sort of game playing mental aerobics.
Time(Nov 10, 2016)
Her first class was “aerobics for the brain.”
Washington Post(Nov 07, 2016)
Back: n. 有氧健身法; 有氧健身计划; 耗氧健身运动
分布：健美操(54%)，有氧运动(46%)
US [er'oʊ-] noun uncountable
■energetic physical exercises, often performed with a group of people to music, which make the heart, lungs and muscles stronger and increase the amount of oxygen in the blood 有氧健身法；有氧运动
• She does aerobics. 她做有氧健身操。
• I go to aerobics (= to a class where we are taught such exercises) once a week. 我每周去一次有氧健身操训练班。
• an aerobics instructor/teacher 有氧健身操教练／导师

Word: decisively
Front: decisively
[dɪ'saɪsɪvlɪ] (12191/11220)
Back: adv. 决然地，果断地
分布：果断地(50%)，决然地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
决定性的;关键的;明确的
If a fact, action, or event is decisive, it makes it certain that there will be a particular result.
例：...his decisive victory in the presidential elections...他在总统大选中取得的压倒性胜利
例：The election campaign has now entered its final, decisive phase...选举活动现在已进入了最后的决定性阶段。
ADJ-GRADED
果断的;决断的
If someone is decisive, they have or show an ability to make quick decisions in a difficult or complicated situation.
例：He should give way to a younger, more decisive leader.他应该让位于更年轻、更有决断力的领导者。
adv. 果断地；决然地
 - determinedly

Word: shadow
Front: shadow
[ˈʃædəʊ] (高研四六 1668/2006 -K3)
Vocabulary: shadow
(once / 56 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A shadow is a dark shape that is formed when an object blocks a source of light. On a sunny day, practically everything casts a shadow — including you. Shadow can also act as an action, like when you shadow, or follow, someone on the first day at a new job.
Depending on its use, shadow can have negative or positive connotations. Children often play with their shadows and think of their shadows as constant companions, like in the song lyric "just me and my shadow." On the other hand, you could be such a wimp that you fear your own shadow or at least fear what lurks in the shadows. Used as a verb, a spy could shadow you without your knowledge. Or, your faithful dog might shadow you as you pace around the house. You might be sick and tired of living in the shadow of your older sister who always seems to be the center of attention — blocking you from the spotlight.
WORD FAMILY
shadow: foreshadow, overshadow, shadowed, shadower, shadowing, shadows, shadowy +/ foreshadow: foreshadowed, foreshadowing, foreshadows/ foreshadowing: foreshadowings/overshadow: overshadowed, overshadowing, overshadows/shadowed: unshadowed/shadower: shadowers/shadowing: shadowings/ shadowy: shadowily, shadowiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Well, unfortunately, many times the colors of the promotional lipsticks or eye shadows are just not your shade.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
People are either concealed in shadow or seen at some distance, as lonely silhouettes in a big, uncaring land.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
For eye shadows, I usually mix between a YSL palette and the Urban Decay earth tones.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 阴影; 影子; 鬼，幽灵; 隐蔽处
vt. 投阴影于; 使朦胧; 跟踪，尾随; 预示
vi. 渐变; 阴沉
adj. 影子内阁的; 阴影的; 非正式的
时态：shadowed, shadowing, shadows
分布：阴影(43%)，影子(36%)，阴影的(3%)，荫(3%)，预示(3%)，影子内阁的(3%)，跟踪(2%)，阴暗(2%)，投阴影于(2%)，渐变(2%)，暗处(1%)
→来自 shade 的对词，引申词义阴影，影子。拼写比较 mead,meadow.
n.阴影,影子,荫;暗处,阴暗The invader saw the shadow of the lampshade fade away.入侵者看见灯罩的影子渐渐消失.
【反】overt（adj 明显的）词性不符
US [-oʊ] noun
DARKNESS 黑暗
 ESSENTIAL countable
■an area of darkness, caused by light being blocked by something, which usually has a similar shape to the object that is blocking the light and which appears to be joined to it 阴影，影子
• The children were playing, jumping on each other's shadows. 孩子们正在嬉戏，跳来跳去踩彼此的影子。
• Jamie followed his mother around all day like a shadow. 杰米像影子一样整天跟着他母亲。
• The sun shone through the leaves, casting/throwing shadows on the lawn. 阳光透过树叶，在草地上投下阴影。
• This corner of the room is always in shadow (= slight darkness). 房间的这个角落总是有点暗。
the shadows [plural]
■an area of darkness in which people and things cannot be seen 暗处；阴影处
• Someone jumped out of the shadows and grabbed my handbag. 有个人从阴暗处窜出，抢走了我的手袋子。
countable
■a small dark area of skin under your eye 黑眼圈
• She put on some make-up to cover the dark shadows under her eyes. 她化了点妆来掩盖她眼睛下的黑眼圈。
be in/under the shadow of sth
■to be very close to a larger building or place 离（更大的建筑物或场所）很近
• They live in a charming house in the shadow of the cathedral. 他们住在大教堂附近一栋漂亮的房子里。
■to be in a situation in which something unpleasant either seems likely to happen and to have a bad effect on your life, or is already having a bad effect on your life 处在…的阴影中
• We are all living under the shadow of war. 我们都生活在战争的阴影中。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
only singular
■a small amount 一点点，丝毫
• It is a tragic story, but there is a shadow of hope. 那是一个悲惨的故事，但仍有一丝希望。
• There isn't a shadow of doubt that you've made the right decision. 毫无疑问，你作出的决定是正确的。
beyond / without a shadow of a doubt
■If something is true beyond a shadow of a doubt, there is no doubt that it is true 无疑；毫无疑问
• This is without a shadow of a doubt the best film I've seen all year. 毫无疑问，这是我有生以来看过最好的一部电影。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
FOLLOW 跟随
countable
■someone who follows another person everywhere 跟踪者，盯梢者；形影不离的人
• "I think we have a shadow on our tail, " muttered the detective. “我认为有人在跟踪我们，”侦探低声说。
• Ever since he was able to walk, Stephen has been his older brother's shadow (= has followed him and copied his actions). 自从史蒂芬会走路之后，就一直和他哥哥形影不离。
countable
■a person, especially in industry, who follows someone else while they are at work in order to learn about that person's job （尤指行业的）学徒；见习生
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
be a shadow of your former self
■to have less health or strength, or less influence, than you did before （健康、力量或影响）不如从前
• He came home from hospital cured of the disease but a shadow of his former self. 他病愈出院回家，但身体已大不如前。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
be in/under sb's shadow
■to always receive less attention than someone else 被（某人的）光彩所遮盖
• She's always been under her sister's shadow. 她一直处在她姊姊的光环之下。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
cast a shadow over/on sth literary
■to spoil a good situation with something unpleasant 给…蒙上阴影
• Her father's illness had cast a shadow over the birth of her baby. 她父亲的病让她孩子的出生蒙上了一层阴影。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb transitive
FOLLOW 跟随
■to follow closely 尾随；跟踪
• The police think that the robbers shadowed their victims for days before the crime. 警方认为抢劫者是跟踪了被害人几天之后才犯案的。
• The euro has closely shadowed the dollar. 欧元紧跟在美元之后。
■to follow someone else while they are at work in order to learn about that person's job （为了解某人的工作而）跟随见习
• Your first week in the job will be spent shadowing one of our more experienced employees. 你工作的第一周将会跟随我们其中一位经验丰富的员工学习。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb transitive
DARKNESS 黑暗
■to produce a shadow 投下阴影；产生阴影
• We came across a glade shadowed by large trees. 我们在森林中偶然发现了一块被大树遮蔽的空地。
UK ['ʃæd.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective [before noun] UK
■used in the title of important politicians in the main opposition party (= the party not in government) （用于主要反对党的要员的头衔中）影子的
• the Shadow Foreign Secretary 影子外交大臣
• the Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁
shadow, shade
这组词都有“荫，荫凉处”的意思，其区别是：
shadow: 常指光线被物体挡住所产生的阴影，影子，有明显的轮廓。
shade: 指阳光被遮挡后出现的荫凉处，如树荫等，无一定的轮廓或边界。
n. [光] 阴影；影子；幽灵；庇护；隐蔽处
 - umbrella, shelter
vt. 遮蔽；使朦胧；尾随；预示
 - indicate, forecast, dog, shield, curtain
vi. 渐变；变阴暗
 - graduate

Word: burnout
Front: burnout
[ˈbɜ:naʊt] (12218/-)
Back: n. 烧毁; 烧坏; 筋疲力尽; 筋疲力尽的人
分布：烧坏(40%)，精疲力尽(38%)，燃料烧尽(22%)
N-UNCOUNT
精疲力竭；劳累过度
also burn-out. If someone suffers burnout, they exhaust themselves at an early stage in their life or career because they have achieved too much too quickly.
n. 烧坏；燃料烧尽
 - burned out, burnt out

Word: acting
Front: acting
[ˈæktɪŋ] (托 8387/8764 -2)
Back: adj. 代理的; 起作用的; 活动着的; 产生影响的
n. 表演; 演技; 装腔作势; 做作
vt. 举止合宜：使举止与…相称; 扮演：担任…的角色; 表演; 假装
vi. 举动，举止; 扮演，担当; 矫揉造作，假装; 行动，运作
分布：演技(44%)，演戏(23%)，代理的(15%)，假装(9%)，临时的(7%)，动词act的现在分词.(1%)，供演出用的(1%)
演技[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
noun uncountable
■the job of performing in films or plays 表演，演戏
• He wants to get into acting. 他想从事演艺工作。
['æk.tɪŋ] adjective
acting chairman/manager, etc.
■someone who does a job for a short time while the person who usually does that job is not there 代理主席／经理等
• He'll be the acting director until they can appoint a permanent one. 在他们任命正式董事之前，他将代理这个职位元。
adj. 代理的；装腔作势的
 - agent, deputy
n. 演技；演戏；假装
 - simulation, histrionism

Word: proliferate
Front: proliferate
[prəˈlɪfəreɪt] (托宝 12185/14314 -2)
Vocabulary: proliferate
(once / 2811 pages)
v
When something proliferates, it's growing, spreading or multiplying really quickly. Bunny rabbits have a habit of proliferating, as do dandelions in untended gardens and funny YouTube videos on the internet.
Proliferate was originally a biological term used to describe the growth of cells and producing offspring. It wasn’t until 1961 that we started to use proliferate more generally to talk about everything from the spread of nuclear weapons to the wide growth of Walmart. Other similar words include expand, reproduce, snowball, and spawn.
WORD FAMILY
proliferate: proliferated, proliferates, proliferating, proliferation +/ proliferation: non-proliferation, nonproliferation, proliferations
USAGE EXAMPLES
As pests proliferate, scientists seek to contain them.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Versions of the story and speculation over its origins proliferate on the internet.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Financial firms are increasingly appointing "chief data officers" as cooperation agreements between financial firms and data providers proliferate, the regulators said.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 增生，增殖; 激增; 扩散
vt. 使激增; 使扩散
时态：proliferated, proliferating, proliferates
分布：繁殖(56%)，增生(34%)，使 ... 激增(5%)，使 ... 扩散(5%)
→来自拉丁语proles,子孙，后代，-fer,带来，生育，词源同bear,bring.后用于生物学指繁殖，增殖。
繁殖,增殖(pro+lifer带来+ate→带来很多生命→繁殖)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
繁殖;激增(proli+fer带来+ate→带来后代→繁殖)[prol=offspring,表示"后代,子孙"]
【记】pro前，lifer生命，ate吃－生命吃饭－繁殖
【反】dwindle（v 缩小）；decrease in mount（减小数目）
US [-ə.reɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■to increase a lot and suddenly in number 激增
• Small businesses have proliferated in the last ten years. 在过去的十年里，小型企业大量涌现。
vi. 增殖；扩散；激增
 - surge, sharp rise
vt. 使激增
 - balloon

Word: pertain
Front: pertain
[pəˈteɪn] (雅宝 12205/19243 -1)
Vocabulary: pertain
(once / 314 pages)
v
To pertain is to be relevant or somehow associated with something. If you're a lawyer, you try to find evidence that will pertain to the case and eliminate anything that is not connected.
Behind the verb pertain lies the Latin verb pertinēre, which means "to be applicable" or "to hold through." If you think the rules of the road don't pertain to you, try explaining that to the state trooper when you get pulled over. Usage note: The word pertain often takes an s at the end, as in "That pertains to this matter," but loses it with a helper: “That doesn’t pertain to it.”
WORD FAMILY
pertain: pertained, pertaining, pertains, pertinence, pertinency, pertinent +/ impertinence: impertinences/ impertinent: impertinence, impertinently/pertinence: pertinences/ pertinent: impertinent, pertinently
USAGE EXAMPLES
And those meetings were preceded by meetings of specially designated committees designed to analyze policies and proposals pertaining to certain aspects of county government.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The case, though, against the men proved to be extremely convoluted as the only law pertaining to piracy in the US was 200 years old.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
She said she was "very surprised indeed but very pleased that the Honour pertains to theatre".
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vi. 关于，有关; 适合; 附属，从属
时态：pertained, pertaining, pertains
分布：适合(46%)，关于(36%)，从属(18%)
→per-,完全的，-tain,抓住，握住，词源同contain,continent.引申词义相关。
从属;相关(per始终+tain→始终拿着→[两者]从属,相关)[tain,ten,tin=hold表示"拿住"]
【记】per全部，tain拿住－全部拿住－有关系
【反】be irrelevant 不相关
US [pɝ:-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  pertain to sth formal
■to be connected with a particular subject, event or situation 与…有关；涉及
• We are only interested in the parts of the proposals that pertain to local issues. 我们只对议案中涉及当地的部分感兴趣。
vi. 属于；关于；适合
 - gear, serve

Word: joyous
Front: joyous
[ˈdʒɔɪəs] (托 12213/14459 -1)
Vocabulary: joyous
(once / 363 pages)
adj
Someone or something joyous is characterized by joy: extreme, exuberant, deep happiness. If you won the lottery, you’d probably feel joyous.
Joyous is a strong word for the absolute best moments in life. Weddings and graduations are usually described as joyous occasions. You would feel joyous if you accomplished a lifelong goal, such as earning a gold medal in the Olympics. In other words, joyous goes beyond the simple feeling of happiness you might get from watching your favorite TV show or eating a delicious sandwich — unless of course it’s a really amazing sandwich.
WORD FAMILY
joyous: joyousest, joyously, joyousness+/ enjoy: enjoyable, enjoyed, enjoyer, enjoying, enjoyment, enjoys/ enjoyable: enjoyableness, enjoyably/enjoyer: enjoyers/ enjoyment: enjoyments/ joy: enjoy, joyed, joyful, joying, joyless, joyous, joys, overjoy / joyful: joyfuler, joyfulest, joyfully, joyfulness/joyless: joylessly, joylessness/ overjoy: overjoyed, overjoys
USAGE EXAMPLES
His song “Freedom ’90,” from his 1990 album “Listen Without Prejudice,” when you hear it now, is a marvel of self-assertion, self-critical but joyous.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
But none of that seemed to dampen the worshippers’ joyous spirit.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
But none of that seemed to dampen the worshipers’ joyous spirit.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 快乐的，使人喜悦的; 欢娱; 喜庆
分布：充满快乐的(50%)，使人高兴的(50%)
['dʒɔɪ.əs] literary
adjective
■full of joy; very happy 高兴的，欢快的
• a joyous hymn/event/voice 欢乐的赞歌／快乐的事／欢快的声音
adj. 令人高兴的；充满欢乐的（等于joyful）
 - glad, joyful

Word: cadence
Front: cadence
[ˈkeɪdns] (托宝 12193/21748)
Vocabulary: cadence
(once / 1910 pages)
1n 2n 3n
The word cadence has its own lovely cadence — rhythm of sound as it's spoken.
Cadence has come to mean "the rhythm of sounds" from its root cadere which means "to fall." Originally designating falling tones especially at the end of lines of music or poetry, cadence broadened to mean the rhythms of the tones and sometimes even the rhythm of sounds in general. Think of the cadence of the marching band at a football game or the cadence of the crickets on a warm spring night. You can remember the "fall" idea by thinking of one of the only words that contains it — decadence — which has the prefix de- at the front to mean down, or downfall.
WORD FAMILY
cadence: cadences+/cadency: cadencies/cadent: cadence, cadency
USAGE EXAMPLES
Here, he drinks a cocktail called the Hudson Duster — rye, lemon juice, amaretto — and contemplates the cadence of the average Drynuary.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The singing is spectral, the cadence is practically spoken, and, as a bonus, the beat is ghost-EDM, with thumps that flicker on and off.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Ralph’s accompaniment is as spare as a prison cell: A lone piano, sounding naked notes with the occasional deceptive cadence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （声音的）抑扬顿挫; 节奏; 韵律; 调子
分布：节奏(61%)，抑扬顿挫(18%)，韵律(18%)，降调句(3%)
→来自词根cid, 掉落。词源同case, accident.
【记】cad无赖，ence读：按死。把无赖按死的时候发出的声音－既是终曲，又是抑扬顿挫（鬼哭狼嚎）的
noun countable
VOICE 声音
■the regular rise and fall of the voice （嗓音的）抑扬顿挫，起落
['keɪ.dənts] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐 specialized
■a set of chords (= different notes played together) at the end of a piece of music （乐曲的）收束，终止
n. 节奏；韵律；抑扬顿挫
 - rhythm, meter

Word: disgruntled
Front: disgruntled
[dɪsˈgrʌntld] (12210/13735 -1)
Vocabulary: disgruntled
(once / 5062 pages)
adj
Disgruntled sounds like what it is — dissatisfied, grunting and grumbling. You could become a disgruntled employee if your boss swipes all your best ideas without giving you credit (or a raise).
Disgruntled actually comes from gruntle, an old verb meaning, not so surprisingly, "to grunt." When you're disgruntled, you might grunt with dissatisfaction and anger. If you are a disgruntled customer, why not ask to speak to a manager? Unless you'd rather just stand there grunting.
WORD FAMILY
disgruntled: disgruntledly+/disgruntle: disgruntled, disgruntlement, disgruntling/gruntle: disgruntle, gruntled, gruntling
USAGE EXAMPLES
That ovation will change — growing more enthusiastic or more disgruntled — depending on their responses.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Five years later, in 1979, Park's father was murdered by his disgruntled spy chief.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
They quickly circulated among Chinese internet users, after a disgruntled parent complained to a local newspaper.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不满的; 不高兴的; 怏怏
分布：动词disgruntle的过去式和过去分词.(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，极其(不好的感觉)。grunt, 抱怨，咕哝，拟声词。并由于对该词前缀dis-的错误理解回构出gruntle, 使高兴，使满意。
US [-tˌld] adjective
■unhappy, annoyed and disappointed about something 不满的；不悦的
■1. A disgruntled former employee is being blamed for the explosion.
• The players were disgruntled with the umpire. 运动员们对裁判不满。
adj. 不满的；不高兴的
 - malcontented, grouchy

Word: anti-depressant
Front: anti-depressant
['ænti:dɪpr'esænt] None
Back: n. 抗抑郁药; 使人放松（或快乐）的事物；解忧良药
分布：兴奋剂(100%)
US [-tˌi-] noun countable
■a drug used to reduce feelings of sadness and worry 抗抑郁药
• She's been on anti-depressants ever since her husband died. 自从丈夫去世以来，她一直都在服用抗抑郁药。
• anti-depressant drugs 抗抑郁药

Word: drilling
Front: drilling
['drɪlɪŋ] (12200/16095)
Back: n. 演练
v. 钻（孔）( drill的现在分词 ); 打（眼）; 操练; 训练
分布：钻孔(67%)，演练(33%)
N-COUNT
钻头;钻床;电钻
A drill is a tool or machine that you use for making holes.
例：...pneumatic drills.风钻
例：...a dentist's drill.牙钻
VERB
钻(孔);打(眼)
When you drill into something or drill a hole in something, you make a hole in it using a drill.
例：He drilled into the wall of Lili's bedroom...他在莉莉卧室的墙上钻了个孔。
例：I drilled five holes at equal distance.我钻了 5 个等间距的孔。
VERB
钻探(石油或水源)
When people drill for oil or water, they search for it by drilling deep holes in the ground or in the bottom of the sea.
例：There have been proposals to drill for more oil...有人提议钻探更多的石油。
例：The team is still drilling.钻探队还在钻探。
N-COUNT
（学生的）反复练习
A drill is a way that teachers teach their students something by making them repeat it many times.
例：The teacher runs them through a drill — the days of the week, the weather and some counting.老师带他们做了反复练习：一周中每一天的叫法、天气和数数。
VERB
教…做练习;反复训练
If you drill people, you teach them to do something by making them repeat it many times.
例：He drills the choir to a high standard.他将合唱团训练到了一个高水平。
N-VAR
(尤指士兵进行的)练习,训练,操练
A drill is repeated training for a group of people, especially soldiers, so that they can do something quickly and efficiently.
例：The Marines carried out a drill that included 18 ships and 90 aircraft...海军陆战队进行了有 18 艘军舰和 90 架飞机参与的训练。
例：His hands were clasped behind him like a drill sergeant.他双手背在身后，像一个教官。
N-COUNT
(为在危急情况下逃生而进行的)常规训练,演习
A drill is a routine exercise or activity, in which people practise what they should do in dangerous situations.
例：...a fire drill.消防演习
例：...air-raid drills.防空演习
N-UNCOUNT
粗斜纹布
Drill is thick cotton material which is used for making uniforms and trousers.
例：...cotton drill.厚斜纹棉布
N-COUNT
条播沟
A drill is a long line in the earth, a few centimetres deep, which a farmer or gardener makes to plant seeds in.
例：Sow the seeds in drills about 1/2in. deep and 12in. apart.在深约 0.5 英寸,间隔 12 英寸的条播沟里播种。
n. [机] 钻孔；训练，教练；演练
 - training, discipline, coach, boring
v. [机] 钻孔；训练（drill的ing形式）
 - training, boring

Word: fourteenth
Front: fourteenth
[ˌfɔ:'ti:nθ] (12175/7850 -4)
Back: num. 第十四
n. 第十四; 每月的第十四日; 十四分之一
adj. 第十四的; 十四分之一的
分布：第十四(81%)，十四分之一(17%)，每月的第十四天(2%)
US [ˌfɔ:r-/ UK ['--] ordinal number
■14th written as a word 第十四（的）
UK [ˌfɔ:'ti:nθ] US [ˌfɔ:r-/ UK ['--] noun countable
■one of fourteen equal parts of something 十四分之一

Word: quintessential
Front: quintessential
[ˌkwɪntɪ'senʃl] (12212/21356)
Vocabulary: quintessential
(once / 10765 pages)
adj
If someone tells you you’re the quintessential rock musician, that means they think that everything about you screams “rock and roll.” Quintessential means embodying or possessing the essence of something.
Some people think that baseball is the quintessential American sport. (Others might think it's stock car racing.) We also call something quintessential if it’s absolutely necessary. A quintessential part of a lasting friendship is mutual respect. Good computer skills are quintessential if you want to become the world’s greatest hacker.
WORD FAMILY
quintessential: quintessentially+/ quintessence: quintessences, quintessential
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Announcer Keith Jackson, whose voice was the quintessential Saturday soundtrack for generations, will be at the game as a spectator.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
How did this quintessential American story of working people in Maine emerge?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 精髓的; 典型的
分布：典型的(76%)，精髓的(20%)，精粹的(4%)
[ˌkwɪn.tɪ'sent.ʃəl] formal
adjective
■being the most typical example or most important part of something 最典型的；最本质的
• Roasted garlic with sheep's milk cheese is the quintessential Corsican meal. 烤大蒜加羊乳酪是最典型的科西嘉菜。
adj. 精髓的，精萃的
 - extractive

Word: impossibly
Front: impossibly
[ɪm'pɒsəblɪ] (12189/14651)
Vocabulary: impossibly
(once / 8955 pages)
adv
The adverb impossibly describes something that's utterly unlikely, or that can't possibly be achieved. If a marathon runner becomes exhausted at a spot impossibly far from the finish line, she might never make it.
If you hold yourself to impossibly high standards when it comes to school, it means you'll never be happy with the grades you get. And if you see a girl with eyes the color of emeralds, you can say she has impossibly green eyes — in other words, it doesn't seem possible they could be so bright. Impossibly, from the adjective impossible, has the Latin root impossibilis, "not possible."
WORD FAMILY
impossible: impossibility, impossibleness, impossibles, impossiblest, impossibly +/ impossibility: impossibilities/ possibility: possibilities/ possible: impossible, possibility, possiblely, possibleness, possibles, possibly/possibly: possiblys
USAGE EXAMPLES
This dish is a small miracle in a smaller skillet, an impossibly rich butter-laden cornmeal cake fired in an individual-sized cast-iron pan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Many of the settlements criss-cross the Palestinian West Bank and divide it into impossibly disconnected chunks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In the era of hip-hop yoga and handstands on Instagram, it’s easy to associate yoga with impossibly lithe and limber young people.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 不可能地，无法可想
分布：不可能地(70%)，无法可想地(30%)
US [-'pɑ:.sə-] adverb
■extremely or more than is usual 极度地；异乎寻常地
• Doctors are being forced to work impossibly long hours. 医生被迫长时间工作，时间长得令人难以置信。
• She has an impossibly thin waist. 她的腰极细。
■in a way which cannot happen or be expected to happen 不可能地
adv. 不可能地；难以置信地；无法可想地
 - incredibly, unbelievably

Word: engraving
Front: engraving
[ɪnˈgreɪvɪŋ] (托 12231/14993)
Vocabulary: engraving
(once / 757 pages)
n
Engraving is the art or technique of carving designs into a surface. You'll find engraving on stationary, wedding rings, and even on tombstones.
Some engraving results in an etched object, like a piece of jewelry or silverware. Other engraving is done on a metal plate, which is then used to print an illustration, design, or even paper money. You can call the design or resulting print an engraving as well. The word, from the verb engrave, combines the prefix en-, "in or into," and the now-obsolete grave, "to carve."
WORD FAMILY
engraving: engravings+/ engrave: engraved, engraver, engraves, engraving /engraver: engravers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Bower is applying the same self-taught method that is largely how she approaches engraving.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
There’s no shortage of engravings and paintings that illustrate what Lower Manhattan looked like in colonial times.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Visiting the premises is like walking into an engraving.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 版画; 雕刻（作品）; 雕刻艺术; 镌版术
v. 在（硬物）上雕刻（字，画等）( engrave的现在分词 ); 将某事物深深印在（记忆或头脑中）
分布：雕版(67%)，镌版术(17%)，动词engrave的现在分词.(8%)，雕刻的画(8%)
noun
uncountable
■the activity of engraving 雕刻（术）；雕刻工作）
countable
■a picture printed onto paper from a piece of wood or metal into which the design has been cut 版画；雕版印刷品
n. [轻] 雕刻；雕刻术；雕刻品
 - carving, sculpture

Word: ripple
Front: ripple
[ˈrɪpl] (六雅宝 8123/9741 -1)
Vocabulary: ripple
(once / 544 pages)
1nv 2n
A ripple is a small wave on the surface of something, such as a ripple that forms a ring around the spot where you threw a pebble into the pond.
Ripple can also be a verb. For example, you might see raindrops ripple on top of a puddle. Ripple was first used in the 1670s to describe something that causes a ruffled surface, sort of like how water seems to momentarily gain texture as it's stirred. Ripple later came to describe a very small wave, but you've probably heard of the "ripple effect" in which tiny waves spread, setting off more and more waves.
WORD FAMILY
ripple: rippled, ripples, rippling+/rippling: ripplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Governors typically use the speech to outline their priorities and introduce new programs and initiatives, sending ripples cascading across the state.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“It’s like the ripple in the pond,’’ Banner said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s when he met up with Big Tree Farms co-founder Ben Ripple, who was working in Bali.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使泛起涟漪; （把头发）弄成波浪形; 使作潺潺声
vt. 在…上形成波痕
vi. 发出潺潺声
n. 涟漪，涟波; [物]涟波; 涟波声，潺潺声; （头发等的）波浪形
时态：rippled, rippling, ripples
分布：波纹(47%)，涟漪(39%)，起伏(4%)，粗钢梳(2%)，使发出潺潺声(2%)，轻轻荡漾(2%)，潺潺声(2%)，使起波纹(1%)，使起涟漪(1%)
→可能来自 rip,撕开，撕裂，-le,表反复。引申词义波浪，涟漪。
【记】ri日，pp屁屁，le乐：太阳的屁屁乐了，出现皱纹－起涟漪。
noun
countable
■a small wave on the surface of water 涟漪；微波；细浪
• The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake. 她扔了一块石头，湖面泛起阵阵涟漪。
countable
■a sound or feeling that spreads through a person or group of people, gradually increasing and then becoming smaller （声音的）传播起伏；（感情的）逐渐扩散
• A ripple of laughter/applause/etc. ran through the crowd. 人群中响起一阵阵笑声／掌声等。
• A ripple of excitement/unease/etc. flowed up her spine. 一阵激动／不安等顺着脊背传遍了她全身。
• News of the war hardly caused a ripple (= people showed little interest). 战争爆发的消息几乎没有引起任何回响。
uncountable
■plain ice cream with thin wavy lines of other flavours in it 彩条霜淇淋
• raspberry ripple 山莓霜淇淋
['rɪp.l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) move in small waves （使）起涟漪；（使）如波浪般起伏
• The breeze rippled the water. 微风在水面吹起阵阵涟漪。
• His muscles rippled under his skin. 他皮肤下的肌肉条条突起。
surge, wave, ripple
这组词都有“波浪、浪、波涛”的意思，其区别是：
surge: 词义较模糊，泛指巨浪、波涛或作比喻使用。
wave: 普通用词，指水面上移动的任何具有峰谷皱形的波动，尤指距离相等的波浪，也比喻任何类似的物体。
ripple: 多指微风吹过水面或石头投入水中所激起的涟漪或细浪。
n. 波纹；涟漪； [物] 涟波
 - cockles, Sparkling Raindrops

Word: grimly
Front: grimly
[ɡrɪmlɪ] (12183/8282)
Back: adv. 可怕地; 严肃地; 坚强地; 讨厌地
分布：严格地(38%)，冷酷地(37%)，可怕地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
严峻的；令人不快的；让人沮丧的；令人难以接受的
A situation or piece of information that is grim is unpleasant, depress ing, and difficult to accept.
例：They painted a grim picture of growing crime...他们描绘了犯罪率上升的严峻情形。
例：There was further grim economic news yesterday...昨天又传来更多令人沮丧的经济消息。
ADJ-GRADED
（地方）无吸引力的，阴森的，凄凉的
A place that is grim is unattractive and depressing in appearance.
例：The city might be grim at first, but there is a vibrancy and excitement.这座城市最初可能并不吸引人，但是它有一种生机和活力。
例：...the tower blocks on the city's grim edges.矗立在荒凉的城市边缘的一幢幢塔楼
ADJ-GRADED
严肃的；坚定的；沉重的
If a person or their behaviour is grim, they are very serious, usually because they are worried about something.
例：She was a grim woman with a turned-down mouth...她是个沉默寡言、令人畏惧的女人。
例：Her expression was grim and unpleasant.她表情严肃，看上去很不开心。
ADJ-GRADED
糟糕的；讨厌的；丑陋的；令人沮丧的
If you say that something is grim, you think that it is very bad, ugly, or depressing.
例：Things were pretty grim for a time.事情一度糟糕透了。
adv. 可怕地；冷酷地；严格地
 - strictly, severely

Word: hijacker
Front: hijacker
[ˈhaɪdʒækə(r)] (12214/28973)
Back: n. 抢劫者，劫持者; 劫机者; 劫匪
分布：劫持犯(100%)
→来自hijack,劫机。
N-COUNT
劫机者;（对交通工具的）劫持者
A hijacker is a person who hijacks a plane or other vehicle.
n. 强盗；抢劫者
 - robber, bandit

Word: Finnish
Front: Finnish
['fɪnɪʃ] (12182/12655)
Back: n. 芬兰人，芬兰语
adj. 芬兰的，芬兰语的
分布：芬兰语(50%)，芬兰人(36%)，芬兰语的(7%)，芬兰人的(7%)
adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Finland 芬兰的；芬兰人的
['fɪn.ɪʃ] adjective
■Finnish 芬兰的
['fɪn.ɪʃ] noun uncountable
■the language of Finland 芬兰语

Word: untreated
Front: untreated
[ˌʌnˈtri:tɪd] (12190/15806 -1)
Back: adj. 未经处理的; 未加工的; 未浸渍的; 未得到治疗的
分布：未经处理的(68%)，未经治疗的(30%)，未加工的(2%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■describes a substance that is not cleaned and has not had special substances added to protect it or make it safe to use （物质）未经处理的
• untreated water/sewage/waste 未经处理的水／污水／废弃物
• untreated timber 未经防护处理的木材
■describes illnesses, injuries, people or animals that do not receive medical treatment 未经治疗的
• untreated illness/disease/depression 未治疗的疾病／抑郁症
• It is a form of anaemia which is nearly always fatal if left untreated. 这是一种贫血病，如果不进行治疗的话会有生命危险。

Word: wasted
Front: wasted
[ˈweɪstɪd] (12220/9481)
Back: adj. （常指因病而）憔悴的，疲惫不堪; 徒劳的；无用的
分布：浪费的(92%)，动词waste的过去式和过去分词(4%)，瘦弱的(4%)
adjective
BADLY USED 浪费
■wasted time, money, etc. is time, money, etc. that is not used effectively because it does not produce the result you wanted 被浪费掉的（时间或金钱等）（指没被有效利用的时间和金钱，它们的投入并未带来理想的成果）
• He wasn't in when I got there, so it was a completely wasted journey. 我到那里时他却不在，所以完全是白跑一趟。
['weɪs.tɪd] adjective
THIN 瘦的
■very thin and weak as a result of being ill or having no food （因病或缺乏食物而）瘦弱的
• Underneath the hospital blankets I could see the outline of her poor wasted body. 她盖着医院的毛毯，我仍能看出她那瘦弱的体形。
['weɪs.tɪd] adjective
DRUNK 喝醉的 mainly US slang
■very drunk or ill from drugs 烂醉如泥的；吸毒过量的
• He was too wasted to drive. 他喝得酩酊大醉，无法开车。
• Paula was completely wasted after only one drink. 宝拉只喝了一杯就完全醉倒了。
adj. 浪费的
 - dissipative, improvident

Word: flowering
Front: flowering
[ˈflaʊərɪŋ] (12253/12291)
Back: n. 开花; 兴盛时期; 成熟期; 饰以花
adj. 开花的; 有花的
分布：开花(86%)，开花的(13%)，极盛(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
(想法或艺术风格)成熟，风行，盛行
The flowering of something such as an idea or artistic style is the development of its popularity and success.
例：He may be happy with the flowering of new thinking, but he has yet to contribute much to it himself.他也许会对新思想的盛行感到高兴，但他本人并没有为此作出多大贡献。
例：...the flowering of creative genius.创造型天才的涌现
ADJ
开花的;有花的
Flowering shrubs, trees, or plants are those which produce noticeable flowers.
n. [植] 开花；饰以花
 - blossoming, anthesis
adj. [植] 开花的
 - inflorescent, blown

Word: paste
Front: paste
[peɪst] (研四六 7619/8942 -1)
Vocabulary: paste
(once / 591 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
Paste is like glue. If you paste something, you stick it onto something else. You might copy and paste info from one document to another on your computer, or literally paste posters all over town. Just don’t use tomato paste.
Some foods take the form of a paste, like cake frosting or pâté. There's also the kind of paste you can use for gluing paper — like wallpaper paste, for example. Costume jewelry, which resembles gemstones but is relatively inexpensive, is made from another, harder kind of paste. To paste something is to stick it together, to patch it, or to cover it with paper. The Late Latin root is pasta, or "dough."
WORD FAMILY
paste: pasted, pastelike, paster, pastes, pasting, pasty+/paster: pasters/pasty: pastier, pasties, pastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
A southern town famous for traditional red pepper paste is spelled “Sunchang.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Finally add the oil and the top note and blitz to an even, finely textured paste.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 面团; 糨糊; 肉（或鱼等）酱（作涂抹料或烹饪用）; （制作人造宝石的）铅质玻璃
vt. 粘贴，张贴; 以…覆盖于
时态：pasted, pasting, pastes
分布：粘贴(53%)，糊(26%)，浆糊(10%)，面团(5%)，糊状物(4%)，裱糊(2%)
→来自拉丁语pasta,面团，面食。引申词义面糊，胶体，胶状物，粘贴等。
n.糊,浆糊v.粘,贴I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
noun uncountable
STICKY SUBSTANCE 黏性物质
■a thick soft sticky substance made by mixing a liquid with a powder, especially to make a type of glue 糊；面团；（尤指）浆糊
• flour-and-water paste 面粉与水和成的面团
• wallpaper paste 贴壁纸用的浆糊
■a thick soft substance made by crushing and mixing things such as fish, fruit or vegetables for food 酱
• tomato/anchovy/curry paste 番茄／鳀鱼／咖喱酱
[peɪst] noun uncountable
HARD MATERIAL 坚硬的材料 specialized
■a hard type of glass used to make artificial jewels （制人造宝石用的）铅质玻璃
• Are these real diamonds or paste? 这些是真钻石还是人造宝石？
[peɪst] verb
STICK 黏
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to stick something to something, especially with paste （尤指用浆糊）黏，贴
• You can make your own distorting mirror by pasting a sheet of kitchen foil to a piece of thin cardboard. 你可以将一张厨房用铝箔纸贴在一块薄纸板上自己做一个哈哈镜。
[peɪst] verb
COMPUTING 电脑操作
intransitive or transitive
■to move a piece of text to a particular place in a computer document （在电脑档案中）黏贴（某段文字）
• Cut that paragraph and then paste it at the end of the page. 将那一段剪下来，贴到页尾上。
vt. 张贴，裱糊；用浆糊粘
 - post
n. 面团，膏；糊状物， [胶粘] 浆糊
 - mash

Word: second-largest
Front: second-largest
None None
Back: 第二大的
分布：第二大的(100%)

Word: weaving
Front: weaving
['wi:vɪŋ] (12250/9032)
Back: v. 编，织，织成( weave的现在分词 ); 编排; 杜撰; （把…）编成
分布：编织(98%)，动词weave的现在分词形式.(2%)
VERB
织(布);编织
If you weave cloth or a carpet, you make it by crossing threads over and under each other using a frame or machine called a loom.
例：They would spin and weave cloth, cook and attend to the domestic side of life...她们纺纱、织布、煮饭以及料理家务。
例：In one room, young mothers weave while babies doze in their laps.在一间屋子里，年轻的母亲们在织布，而她们的孩子就在她们膝上打盹。
N-COUNT
织法;编织的式样
A particular weave is the way in which the threads are arranged in a cloth or carpet.
例：Fabrics with a close weave are ideal for painting.编织紧密的布最适合作画。
VERB
编,编制(篮子等)
If you weave something such as a basket, you make it by crossing long plant stems or fibres over and under each other.
例：Jenny weaves baskets from willow she grows herself.珍妮用她自己种的柳树的枝条编篮子。
VERB
迂回行进;穿行
If you weave your way somewhere, you move between and around things as you go there.
例：The cars then weaved in and out of traffic at top speed...这些轿车就在车流中全速穿行。
例：He weaved around the tables to where she sat with Bob...他绕过一张张桌子，走到她和鲍勃坐着的地方。
VERB
编造（故事）
If you weave a story, you invent a complicated story.
例：Jan Roberts weaves a compelling tale which traps a young woman in a world run by the Mafia.简·罗伯茨编了一个引人入胜的故事，诱骗一位年轻女性进入了黑手党的地盘。
VERB
将(素材等)编入（故事或设计中）
If you weave details into a story or design, you include them, so that they are closely linked together or become an important part of the story or design.
例：She weaves imaginative elements into her poems...她在诗中编织着奇思妙想。
例：Bragg weaves together the histories of his main characters.布拉格把他主要人物的身世都串在一起。
n. 织动，编织
 - intertexture, kintting
v. 编织，组合（weave的ing形式）
 - compounding, knitting

Word: prerogative
Front: prerogative
[prɪˈrɒgətɪv] (雅宝 12257/8821 -1)
Vocabulary: prerogative
(once / 1055 pages)
n
A prerogative is someone's special right or privilege. As Bobby Brown once sang, "I don't need permission / Make my own decisions / That's my prerogative."
Prerogative goes back to a Latin root for a group having the right to vote first (prae- 'pre-' + rogare 'to ask') and thus came to mean "privileged rank." In current use, it refers to a right or privilege held by any person or group. A near synonym is privilege, which puts more emphasis on the fact that others do not have it. The self-justifying phrase "That's my prerogative" (for example, in reference to changing one's mind) is quite common.
WORD FAMILY
prerogative: prerogatives
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama’s action also was hardly a usurpation of Congress’s prerogatives, despite some of the overheated rhetoric from the president’s critics.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
However, regulations on expansion, to keep urbanisation as compact as possible, will be the bigger prerogative of cities, Creutzig says.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
From George Washington to Abraham Lincoln, presidents were sensitive, by and large, to Congress’s constitutional prerogatives, which Congress asserted vigorously.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 特权，君权，天赋的特权（能力等）; 特性，特点，显著的优点; [史]优先投票权; <美史>总督委任组成的法庭
adj. 有特权的; [罗史]有优先投票权的
分布：特权(93%)，显著的优点(7%)
→pre-,在前，早于，-rog,要求，词源同reach,arrogant.比喻用法。
权利,特权(pre+rog要求+ative→预先要求→(有)特权)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
特权(pre预先+rog+ative→预先要求→特权)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
【记】pre前，rog要求，ative－可以提前要求得到－特权pre前，ro肉，gat＝get，ive：面前得到一块肉，因为有特权。
US [-'rɑ:.gə.tˌɪv] formal
noun countable usually singular
■something which some people are able or allowed to do or have, but which is not possible or allowed for everyone 独有的权利（或权力），特权
• Alex makes all the big decisions - that's his prerogative as company director. 所有重大决定都是由亚历克斯作出的——这是他作为公司主管的特权。
• Skiing used to be the prerogative of the rich, but now a far wider range of people do it. 滑雪过去是富人的特权，但现在有更多人可以玩了。
• the Royal Prerogative (= the special rights of the ruling king or queen) 君主特权
n. 特权
 - franchise, special privilege
adj. 有特权的
 - favoured

Word: cumbersome
Front: cumbersome
[ˈkʌmbəsəm] (托雅宝 12228/11172 -1)
Vocabulary: cumbersome
(once / 4488 pages)
adj
You have to wrestle a bit with the longish word cumbersome; it's cumbersome, or kind of long and clumsy, to tumble out in a sentence. It's hard to use it gracefully.
A "cumber" is something that slows you down, and though the words aren't related, "lumber" includes big pieces of heavy wood, which might slow down the person carrying them. Moving lumber is cumbersome, because it's a heavy and awkward job. Getting your laundry down the stairs or putting a Rottweiler in the bathtub can be cumbersome too.
WORD FAMILY
cumbersome: cumbersomely, cumbersomeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The streamlined version was much easier to read, the directions less cumbersome and more direct.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yet these striking photographs are not served well by the book’s uninspired and cumbersome design.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
The wire was cumbersome, she told the scientists, and difficult to use.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨重的; 累赘的，难以携带的; 缓慢复杂的，冗长的; 麻烦的
分布：笨重的(77%)，不方便的(23%)
→来自cumber,拖累。
笨重的;碍手脚的(cumber+some有点...的→有障碍的)[cub,cumb=liedown,表示"躺";cumber=barrier,表示"躺的东西,障碍"]
笨重的(cumber障碍物)[-some表形容词"充满…的,具有...倾向的"]
【记】源于：cumber（v 阻碍）cumb＝cub睡，er－睡在路上的人－妨碍行车。
【参】recumbent（adj 靠着的；斜躺着的）
【反】easy to handle（易于处理的）
US [-bɚ-] adjective
■awkward because of being large, heavy or not effective 笨重的；累赘的；低效的
• cumbersome equipment 笨重的设备
• cumbersome bureaucracy 繁琐的官僚体制
adj. 笨重的；累赘的；难处理的
 - problem, hulking

Word: high-ranking
Front: high-ranking
['hai,ræŋkiŋ] (-1)
Back: adj. 阶级高的; 高级的; 高级官员的，职位高的
分布：职位高的(60%)，阶级高的(40%)
adjective
■having an important position in an organization 高层的，高级的

Word: incidental
Front: incidental
[ˌɪnsɪˈdentl] (12217/9982 -1)
Vocabulary: incidental
(once / 654 pages)
adjn
Incidental means secondary in time or importance. If you lose weight because you moved and must walk further to school, the weight loss was incidental to the move.
When something is incidental, it is never the main thing. It's okay to include incidental details as they can add depth to your storytelling, but they are never crucial to the story. A company might pay your main expenses when you travel for business but will probably not reimburse you for the incidental ones. The music you hear between acts of a play is called incidental. It's not crucial to the action, but it makes the waiting easier.
WORD FAMILY
incidental: incidentally, incidentals+/ incidence: incidences/ incident: incidence, incidental, incidently, incidents
USAGE EXAMPLES
They don’t speak a word of the language; despite this incidental fact, if not because of it, they wept, too.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
One incidental discovery, Dr. Lentink said, was a way to keep the bird goggles from fogging up.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Whether Leicester are in a position to allow the disappointments, however incidental, to pile up seems an increasingly relevant question.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 附属的; 易发生的，偶然发生的; 伴随发生的
n. 附带事件; 伴随事件，杂费; 非主要的附带项或费用
分布：附带的(38%)，偶然的(32%)，杂项(11%)，附带事件(10%)，容易发生的(6%)，非主要的(3%)
→来自incident,偶发事件，发生。引申词义偶然的，附带的。
US [-tˌəl] adjective
■less important than the thing something is connected with or part of 次要的；附带的；伴随的
• Try not to be distracted by incidental details. 尽量不要为一些次要的枝节问题分心。
• The points you make are true, but they're incidental to the main problem. 你的看法都正确，但它们对主要问题而言只是枝节性的。
adj. 附带的；偶然的；容易发生的
 - occasional, casual
n. 附带事件；偶然事件；杂项
 - happenchance, fortuity

Word: sentencing
Front: sentencing
[ˈsentənsɪŋ] (12262/13160)
Back: v. 宣判，判决( sentence的现在分词 )
分布：句子(72%)，判决(18%)，宣判(10%)
N-COUNT
句子
A sentence is a group of words which, when they are written down, begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, question mark, or exclamation mark. Most sentences contain a subject and a verb.
N-VAR
判决;宣判;判刑
In a law court, a sentence is the punishment that a person receives after they have been found guilty of a crime.
例：They are already serving prison sentences for their part in the assassination...他们因参与这起刺杀已经开始在监狱服刑了。
例：He was given a four-year sentence...他被判了4年徒刑。
VERB
判决;宣判;判刑
When a judge sentences someone, he or she states in court what their punishment will be.
例：A military court sentenced him to death in his absence...一所军事法庭在他缺席的情况下判处他死刑。
例：She was sentenced to nine years in prison...她被判 9 年徒刑。

Word: telegram
Front: telegram
[ˈtelɪgræm] (高研四六 12224/9971 -1)
Vocabulary: telegram
(once / 417 pages)
n
A telegram is a message sent by a telegraph, which is also called a wire.
Over time, there have been many means of communicating, such as messenger pigeon, telephone, text message, letter, and email. Another is the telegram, which is a message sent by a telegraph. People often said a telegram was sent "by wire" because the sender and receiver of telegrams were connected by a wire. The electric telegraph has been around since the late 1800's. In the Civil War, important information was sent by telegram, which was the speediest means of communication.
WORD FAMILY
telegram: telegrams
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ministry said during questioning, the nephew said he was in contact with Amri via Telegram’s encrypted communications to avoid detection.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
“Christmas, Hanukkah, and New Years Day is very soon,” began a Dec. 6 posting on one of the terrorist group’s usual Telegram bulletin boards.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
IS released the video through a number of its online accounts and through the messaging app Telegram.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 电报
vt. 电报：用电报机发送的信息
分布：电报(99%)，向 ... 发电报(1%)
→tele-,远的，-gram,写，记录，衍生自-graph.引申词义电报。
电报(tele+gram写,画)[tele=fur表示"远",引申为"电",电从远方来]
n.电报The telegram says that the diagrams show the grammar of the program.电报说图表表示程序的语法.
['tel.ɪ.græm/ (US also wire)
noun countable
■(especially in the past) a piece of paper with a message sent by telegraph （尤指过去的）电报
cable, telegraph, telegram
这组词都有“电报”的意思，其区别是：
cable: 通常指通过海底电缆打的电报，也可指广义的电报。
telegraph: 侧重指通信方式和电报业各，不可数名词，表想象概念。
telegram: 常用词，指通过电报系统发出的信息，尤指具体的一份份电报。
n. [通信] 电报
 - wire, tgm

Word: strand
Front: strand
[strænd] (托宝 5344/4562 -2)
Vocabulary: strand
(once / 757 pages)
1n 2vn
A single hair, a noodle, even a line of thought — any of these things could be called a strand, a long thin length of something.
The noun strand describes things that are long and thin like a rope, or a strand of spaghetti, hair, or thread. Strands are often twisted together to form thicker, stronger things like cables. As a verb, the meaning is very different: "to leave helpless," like unreliable cars that strand their drivers, or a snowstorm that strands people at airports.
WORD FAMILY
strand: stranded, stranding, strands
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Grapevine was closed for periods in recent weeks because of heavy snowfall, and some motorists were temporarily stranded on mountain roads.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The host business for the engineering strand will be Viking Pump.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It will be fun watching it all unravel — particularly the single 10-mile-long hair strand.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （绳子的）股，绞; 海滨，河岸; （思想等的）一个组成部分
vt. 使滞留，使搁浅; 使陷于困境
vi. 搁浅; 陷入困境
时态：stranded, stranding, strands
分布：缕(51%)，使陷于困境(21%)，弄断(14%)，使落后(14%)
→来自古英语 strand,海岸，海滨，来自 Proto-Germanic*strandaz,岸，边，来自 ster,展开，
noun countable
THREAD 线
■a thin thread of something, often one of a few twisted around each other to make a string or rope （线、绳等的）缕，股
• a strand of cotton 一股棉线
• She tucked a loose strand of hair behind her ears. 她把一绺松下来的头发收到耳后。
[strænd] noun countable
PART 部分
■a part which combines with other parts to form a whole story, subject or situation （完整故事、主题或情况的）部分，方面
• There are so many different strands to the plot that it's quite hard to follow. 故事情节的头绪纷乱，很难搞清楚。
[strænd] noun countable
COAST 海岸 literary
■a shore
n. 线；串；海滨
 - string, thread, cluster
vt. 使搁浅；使陷于困境；弄断；使落后
 - ground
vi. 搁浅
 - beach, take the ground

Word: squeak
Front: squeak
[skwi:k] (托 12246/15740 -1)
Back: n. 短促的尖叫声，，吱吱的叫声; 尖厉刺耳的噪音; 机会
vi. 短促地尖叫，吱吱叫; 发出尖厉刺耳的噪音; 告密
vt. 以尖厉的声音说话; 使发出吱吱声
时态：squeaked, squeaking, squeaks
分布：吱吱声(59%)，吱吱叫(23%)，侥幸通过(11%)，逃脱(7%)
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• The mice in the cupboard squeaked. 老鼠在碗橱里吱吱地叫。
• The door squeaked as it swung back and forth on its rusty hinges. 门的铰链生锈了，转动起来嘎吱嘎吱作响。
[skwi:k] verb
SUCCEED 成功
intransitive + adverb or preposition US
■to only just succeed in something such as a test or competition （测验、竞赛等）勉强通过；侥幸成功
• He squeaked through the exam. 他勉强通过了考试。
[skwi:k] noun countable
■a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• She let out a squeak of fright at the sight of the spider. 她看到蜘蛛时吓得尖叫了一声。
• If I hear one more squeak out of you (= if you say anything else) , there'll be trouble! 如果你再说一个字的话，就有你好看的！
vi. 告密；吱吱叫；侥幸成功
 - inform, rat
n. 吱吱声；机会
 - opportunity, chance, opening, room, occasion

Word: cede
Front: cede
[si:d] (宝 12221/15941 -1)
Vocabulary: cede
(once / 235 pages)
v
To cede is to give up or surrender land, position, or authority. "She reluctantly ceded the coveted position as the baby of the family to her brother when he was born. She would not, however, cede her bedroom to him."
Cede is a word often used in discussing diplomatic issues. It is more commonly used in reference to actual physical things, like geographic areas or objects, but can also be used in reference to attitudes or opinions. "The rebels ceded territory after the siege failed." "Dad tried but finally ceded control and let me have my own Facebook account."
WORD FAMILY
cede: ceded, cedes, ceding, cession, recede +/ cession: cessions/ recede: receded, recedes, receding, recession / recession: recessional, recessions/recessional: recessionals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The final days are Obama’s last chance to define his presidency before he loses the bully pulpit and cedes his legacy to historians.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the first half, Oakland managed three first downs, ceded 255 yards — a ghastly 7.7 per play — and committed nine penalties.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Deng Xiaoping, his successor who launched China’s economic liberalization, developed rules for sharing and ceding power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 让给，割让; 放弃
时态：ceded, ceding, cedes
分布：放弃(90%)，割让(领土(5%)，权利)(5%)
→来自sed, 走，离开，放弃。词源同accede, cession.
割让,放弃(cede走→走开→割让)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
【记】读：死敌。死敌之间打仗，一方输了，赢得胜利的一方肯定要对方割让土地。
【参】cession（n 割让，转让；cede的名词）
【反】possess（vt 占有；拥有）
[si:d] formal
verb transitive
■to give something such as ownership to someone else, especially unwillingly or because forced to do so （尤指不情愿地或被迫）割让，让予，放弃
• Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War. 鸦片战争后香港被割让给英国。
vt. 放弃；割让（领土）
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: week-long
Front: week-long
['wiːklɒŋ] None
Back: 持续一星期的；为期一周的
分布：为期一周的(100%)

Word: toughness
Front: toughness
[tʌfnəs] (12216/14907)
Back: n. 韧性; 坚韧; 刚性; 健壮性
分布：强硬(60%)，强健(22%)，有粘性(18%)
ADJ-GRADED
坚强的;吃苦耐劳的;坚韧不拔的
A tough person is strong and determined, and can tolerate difficulty or suffering.
例：He built up a reputation as a tough businessman...他树立了铁面生意人的名声。
例：She is tough and ambitious.她坚韧顽强，满怀抱负。
ADJ-GRADED
粗野的;粗暴的
If you describe someone as tough, you mean that they are rough and violent.
例：He had shot three people dead earning himself a reputation as a tough guy.他因枪杀三人得到了暴徒的恶名。
ADJ-GRADED
治安很差的；充满犯罪与暴力的
A tough place or area is considered to have a lot of crime and violence.
例：She doesn't seem cut out for this tough neighbourhood...她似乎不适合在这个治安恶劣的社区生活。
例：Arthur grew up in a tough city.阿瑟在一个到处是暴力与犯罪的城市长大。
ADJ-GRADED
艰难的;困苦的;难熬的
A tough way of life or period of time is difficult or full of suffering.
例：She had a pretty tough childhood…她的童年非常不幸。
例：It's been a tough day…这是难熬的一天。
ADJ-GRADED
棘手的;难办的;难解决的
A tough task or problem is difficult to do or solve.
例：It was a very tough decision but we feel we made the right one...这是个困难的决定，但是我们认为我们做出了正确的选择。
例：Whoever wins the election is going to have a tough job getting the economy back on its feet…不管是谁赢得选举都将面对复苏经济的棘手任务。
ADJ-GRADED
(政策或行动)强硬的，严厉的
Tough policies or actions are strict and firm.
例：He is known for taking a tough line on security...他因在安全问题上采取强硬路线而闻名。
例：He announced tough measures to limit the money supply.他公布了限制货币供应的严厉措施。
ADJ-GRADED
坚固的;坚韧的;牢固的
A tough substance is strong, and difficult to break, cut, or tear.
例：In industry, diamond can form a tough, non-corrosive coating for tools.在工业上，金刚石可以用作工具表面坚固、耐腐蚀的覆盖层。
例：…dark brown beans with a rather tough outer skin.有着相当坚韧外壳的深棕色豆类
ADJ-GRADED
(肉)非常老的，切不下的，嚼不动的
Tough meat is difficult to cut and chew.
例：The steak was tough and the peas were like bullets.牛排老得嚼不动，豌豆像子弹一样硬。
PHRASE
不泄气;坚持不懈
If someone who is trying to achieve something hangs tough, they remain determined and do not give up, even when there are difficulties or problems.
例：The White House is hanging tough for a good agreement to be reached.白宫为达成一项有利协议寸步不让。
n. [力] 韧性；强健；有粘性
 - tenacity, obdurability

Word: regularity
Front: regularity
[ˌregjuˈlærəti] (六 12202/9892 -1)
Vocabulary: regularity
(once / 1134 pages)
n
Something that happens with regularity is typical and expected. Fashion trends change with regularity, which is great for stores that want to sell you a new wardrobe every year.
Regularity is the quality of being stable and predictable. If you exercise with regularity, you might work out every day. If your car breaks down with regularity, then you're probably used to taking the bus. If you add the prefix ir- to this word, you get irregularity — something unusual, out of the ordinary, or unexpected.
WORD FAMILY
regularity: regularities, unregularity+/ irregular: irregularity, irregularly, irregulars/irregularity: irregularities/ regular: irregular, regularise, regularity, regularize, regularly, regulars/regularise: regularisation, regularised, regularising/regularize: regularization, regularized, regularizes, regularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Duterte subsequently insisted in an interview with the BBC that he is “not an addict,” saying that “addiction is only with regularity.”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Its relentless regularity suggested something conceived and imposed from afar.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
The Jets’ pass rushers hit Brady with regularity, and he completed only one of his first five passes.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 规则性，规律性; 整齐; 正规; 匀称
分布：规律性(76%)，规则性(17%)，定期(6%)，匀整(1%)
→来自 regular,规则的，惯常的。
N-COUNT
规律性;规律
A regularity is the fact that the same thing always happens in the same circumstances.
例：Children seek out regularities and rules in acquiring language.儿童在学习语言过程中会找出各种规律和规则。
n. [数] 规则性；整齐；正规；匀称
 - balance, symmetry

Word: particulars
Front: particulars
[pə'tɪku:ləz] (12233/8073)
Back: n. 细节，详细情况，详情; 特殊情况( particular的名词复数 ); （总体中的）一项; （可分类或列举的）项目; [逻辑学]特殊性
分布：细节(91%)，事实(6%)，名词particular的复数形式.(3%)
N-PLURAL
细节；详情
The particulars of something or someone are facts or details about them which are written down and kept as a record.
例：You will find all the particulars in Chapter 9...你在第9章会找到所有细节。
例：The nurses at the admission desk asked her for particulars.住院接待处的护士询问了她的详细情况。
n. 细节；详情（particular的复数）
 - details, specifics

Word: owing
Front: owing
[ˈəʊɪŋ] (研四 12267/33250)
Back: adj. 欠着的，应付的，未付的
v. 感激( owe的现在分词 ); 应把…归功于; 欠…债; （对位高权重者）忠诚
分布：未付的(72%)，归因于…的(14%)，动词owe的现在分词.(14%)
→来自owe,欠债，欠帐。
a.(～to)由于,该付的,未付的,应归功于The answer is: Owing to a shower, the powerful powder is no longer on show.答案是：由于一场阵雨,这种强有力的火药不再展览了.
US ['oʊ-] UK
adjective [after verb]
■still to be paid 欠帐的，未还的；应还的，应付的
• We have several hundred pounds owing on our car. 我们的车还欠好几百英镑没有付清。
adj. [会计] 未付的；欠着的
 - unliquidated

Word: freestyle
Front: freestyle
[ˈfri:staɪl] (12269/28122 -1)
Back: n. 自由式; 自选动作
adj. 自由式的; 自由泳的
分布：自由式(100%)
→比喻用法。
noun only singular
■a sports competition, especially a swimming race, in which each competitor can use any style or method they choose （体育比赛的）自由式；（尤指）自由泳
• He won the 400 metres freestyle. 他获得了400米自由泳比赛的冠军。
adj. 自由式的
 - overarm
adv. 自由地；随心所欲地
 - with freedom, allodially

Word: doubtless
Front: doubtless
[ˈdaʊtləs] (四六雅 12222/6022 -1)
Vocabulary: doubtless
(once / 156 pages)
adv
Use the adverb doubtless to mean "absolutely" or "without question." You could tell your brother that he'll doubtless be thrilled about the birthday present you got for him.
You might rule out several neighborhoods when you're looking for a new apartment to rent, knowing they'll doubtless be too expensive for you. When she invites you to dinner, your friend might warn you about her dad's long stories, adding, "He'll doubtless tell you the one about his trip to Europe during college." Doubt is at the heart of doubtless, from the Latin dubitare, "to doubt, question, or hesitate."
WORD FAMILY
doubtless: doubtlessly+/ doubt: doubted, doubter, doubtful, doubting, doubtless, doubts, redoubt, self-doubt, undoubtedly /doubter: doubters/ doubtful: doubtfully, doubtfulness/doubtfulness: doubtfulnesses/doubting: doubtingly/redoubt: redoubtable, redoubts/ redoubtable: redoubtably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will doubtless be new twists on the fitness tracker too.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The party was doubtless pleased by his resolute refusal, in line with its own, to countenance such concessions.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Military contingency plans are doubtless being dusted off in Beijing.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adv. 无疑地; 确定地; 多半
adj. 无疑的; 确定的
分布：无疑地(28%)，无疑的(21%)，确定的(21%)，确定地(15%)，很可能地(15%)
['daʊt.ləs] formal
adverb
■used to mean that you are certain that something will happen or is true 毫无疑问，毋庸置疑，肯定
• They will doubtless protest, but there's nothing they can do. 他们肯定会提出抗议，但却也无能为力。
• Doubtless you will have heard the news already. 到时候你肯定已经得知这个消息。
adv. 无疑地；确定地；大概，多半
 - easily, no doubt, probably, clearly, possibly
adj. 无疑的；确定的
 - established, fixed, defined, certain, positive

Word: cement
Front: cement
[sɪˈment] (研四六雅宝 6395/6895 -2)
Vocabulary: cement
(once / 633 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n
Cement is a material that's used to build very strong, hard surfaces and structures. Cement is an ingredient in both mortar, which holds bricks together, and concrete, with which dams and roads and buildings are constructed.
Cement begins as a powder made of clay and limestone, and after it's mixed with water and, often, sand, it's used to strengthen and bind things — as the mixture dries, it becomes hard and solid. A version of cement has been around since the third century BCE, in Mesopotamia. The word comes from the Latin root cæmenta, "stone chips for making mortar," from caedere, "to cut or chop."
WORD FAMILY
cement: cemented, cementing, cements
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I was actually in charge of the cement block,” Ms. Saxon said, still in awe at her construction skills.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I really believe in pedicures because I bounce around on cement floors for hours a week.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The victory cemented his reputation as highly dangerous if not a bit erratic.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 水泥; 胶合剂; 胶接剂; 粘固粉
vt. 粘牢; 巩固; （用水泥、胶等）粘结; 在…上抹水泥
时态：cemented, cementing, cements
分布：水泥(93%)，巩固(3%)，用水泥涂(1%)，纽带(1%)，接合剂(1%)，基石(1%)
→来自skei, 砍，劈，词源同excise, scissor . -ment, 名词后缀。原指劈下的小石块，后指水泥。
n.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强The mental patient thinks the cement is the elementary element of the ornament.精神病人认为水泥是装饰品的基本成分.
【记】sement读：死闷他：要想闷死他，可以把他的嘴和鼻子用水泥封起来。水泥过去被称为音译为水门汀
【反】fracture（n /v 破裂）
noun uncountable
BUILDING MATERIAL 建筑材料
■a grey powder which is mixed with water and sand to make mortar or with water, sand and small stones to make concrete 水泥
• a bag of cement 一袋水泥
• a cement factory 水泥厂
[sɪ'ment] noun uncountable
GLUE 胶
■a substance which sticks things together 胶合剂；黏固剂
• Dentists use cement to hold crowns and bridges in place. 牙医用黏固剂固定住齿冠和齿桥。
[sɪ'ment] verb transitive
STICK TOGETHER 黏合
■to put cement on a surface or stick things together using cement （在表面上）涂上水泥，（用水泥）黏合
[sɪ'ment] verb transitive
MAKE STRONGER 巩固
■to make something such as an agreement or friendship stronger 加强，巩固（协议或友谊）
• The university's exchange scheme has cemented its links with many other academic institutions. 这所大学的交流计划加强了它与许多其他学术机构的联系。
enhance, cement, strengthen
enhance: 使…看起来更好；提高；美化
cement: （比喻）将…结合在一起；加强；巩固。如cement a friendship表示“加强友谊”
strengthen: 使…更强
vt. 巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合
 - enhance, muscle, piece, consolidate, joint
n. [建] 水泥； [胶粘] 接合剂
 - jointing compound

Word: extremist
Front: extremist
[ɪkˈstri:mɪst] (宝 7916/12649 -2)
Vocabulary: extremist
(once / 1993 pages)
nadj
Nowadays, we tend to associate the word extremist with "terrorist," and use the two words almost interchangeably to define someone who holds radical political or religious views.
An extremist can hold views on any subject: if you believe all little brothers should be banned from their siblings' rooms, or that anyone who roots for a different baseball team should be quarantined, then you, my friend, are an extremist. What tends to unite all extremists is their willingness to act, often violently, to realize their beliefs. Little brothers, watch out.
WORD FAMILY
extremist: extremists+/ extreme: extremely, extremeness, extremes, extremest, extremism, extremity /extremeness: extremenesses/ extremism: extremisms, extremist / extremity: extremities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his telling, Trump is a political centrist who is misconstrued as an extremist.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A statement reminded U.S. citizens that extremists “are continuing aggressive efforts to conduct attacks in areas where U.S. citizens and expatriates reside or frequent.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Previously, the extremist organization struck Istanbul’s biggest airport, killing more than 40 people in June during an attack waged with bombs and firearms.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 极端主义者，偏激的人
adj. 极端主义的，过激论的
分布：极端主义者(46%)，极端的(28%)，过激分子(26%)
→来自extreme, 极度的，极端的。
noun countable
■someone who has beliefs which most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable 偏激者；极端主义者
• a group of extremists (= people with extreme opinions) 一群极端分子
n. 极端主义者，过激分子
 - ultra

Word: faithfully
Front: faithfully
[ˈfeɪθfəli] (12244/9807 -K2)
Vocabulary: faithfully
(once / 468 pages)
adv
To act faithfully is to behave in a dependable and honorable way. A dog who waits faithfully outside your school until you get out of class is devoted and trustworthy.
The adverb faithfully describes an action or behavior that's faithful — in other words, it's steadfast, loyal and reliable. An actor's parents might faithfully attend every play he's in, no matter how small his role is. Your devout uncle might faithfully attend church every single Sunday. In both examples, a person is dependable. The earliest meaning of faithfully was "acting in a way full of (religious) faith," or being pious, especially as a Christian.
WORD FAMILY
faithful: faithfuler, faithfulest, faithfully, faithfulness, faithfuls, unfaithful+/ faith: faithful, faithless, faiths, interfaith/ faithfulness: faithfulnesses, faithfulnesss/ faithless: faithlessly, faithlessness/unfaithful: unfaithfully, unfaithfulness/unfaithfulness: unfaithfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In this area, let us adhere, clearly and faithfully, to ‘zero tolerance.'”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To what extent does he faithfully transmit Lutheran doctrine?
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
He faithfully reproduces snapshots, often from his own youth.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 忠实地; 诚心诚意地; 如实地
分布：深信着(50%)，诚心诚意(25%)，忠实(25%)
adverb
LOYALLY 忠诚地
■in a loyal way or a way that can be trusted 忠诚地；忠实地
• He served the family faithfully for 40 years. 他为这家人忠诚服务了40年。
• She promised faithfully (= made a firm promise) that she would never leave him. 她郑重承诺永远不会离开他。
Yours faithfully mainly UK
■used at the end of a formal letter beginning with 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Madam' （用于正式信件结尾）您忠实的
  Common Learner Errors  faithfullyRemember: a formal letter should end with Yours faithfully or Your sincerely. If the letter is addressed to a particular person, don't write 'Yours faithfully', write Yours sincerely.
['feɪθ.fəl.i] adverb
ACCURATELY 准确地
■in a way that is true or accurate 真实地；准确地
• I always follow the instructions on medicine bottles faithfully (= exactly). 我总是完全遵照药瓶上的使用说明。
adv. 忠实地；如实地；诚心诚意地；深信着地
 - dutifully, devotedly

Word: alright
Front: alright
[ɔ:lˈraɪt] (12274/2117 -1)
Vocabulary: alright
(once / 17909 pages)
advadj
Alright is the informal way of writing "all right." It can stand in for "okay," like the sandwich you had for lunch that was just alright — it was neither great nor terrible.
In a nutshell, alright means "fine" or "satisfactory": "Are the kids alright on that Ferris wheel?" You can use it to show that you agree with something someone said: "Oh alright, I get it." This one-word spelling of "all right" is okay when texting with your friends, but don't use it when you are looking to impress, such as in a thank-you letter following a job interview.
WORD FAMILY
alright
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was like, ‘Alright, well then why don’t you sit in with our cello section on ‘Mission Impossible’?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
When Calvin saw Wilson after the fight, everything was far from being alright.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Alright, so you and I really need to get motivated.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 好的; 正确; 令人满意
adj. 没问题的
分布：没问题的(30%)，很好(20%)，令人满意(14%)，满意的(14%)，=all right(11%)，没问题地(11%)
→来自复合词all right .
US [ɑ:l-] adjective adverb exclamation
 ESSENTIAL
■ all right
adj. 没问题的
 - okey-doke, oke
adv. 好吧（等于all right）
 - OK.

Word: kickoff
Front: kickoff
['kɪk'ɔ:f] (12229/-)
Back: n. （足球）开球，（社会集会等）开始
分布：开始(60%)，开球(40%)
N-VAR
（足球赛的）开赛
In football, the kick-off is the time at which a particular game starts.
例：The kick-off is at 1.30.开赛时间是1点30分。
N-COUNT
（橄榄球赛的）开球
In American football, a kickoff is the kick that begins a play, for example at the beginning of a half or after a touchdown or field goal.
N-SING
（事件或活动的）开始，开幕
The kick-off of an event or activity is its beginning.
例：People stood waiting for the kick-off of the parade.人们站着等候游行的开始。
n. 开始；开球
 - beginning, threshold, opening, conception, fresh

Word: illiterate
Front: illiterate
[ɪˈlɪtərət] (研六托雅宝 12243/13846 -1)
Vocabulary: illiterate
(once / 1537 pages)
adjn
You can describe a person unable to read or write as illiterate. Karaoke, which involves singing out the words to songs as they scroll across a big screen, requires the ability to read. If you’re illiterate, you won’t be able to participate.
Illiterate, from the Latin illiteratus “unlearned, ignorant,” can describe someone unable to read or write, but it can also imply that a person lacks cultural awareness. However, Walt Whitman saw a unique beauty to illiteracy: “There is that indescribable freshness and unconsciousness about an illiterate person that humbles and mocks the power of the noblest expressive genius.”
WORD FAMILY
illiterate: illiteracy, illiterately, illiterates+/ illiteracy: illiteracies/ literacy: literacies/ literate: illiterate, literacy, literately, literates, nonliterate, preliterate, semiliterate
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a start, German-speaking Theresia was 10 years older than her husband, an illiterate Slovak coachman.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The defendants argued that they were assisting voters who were poor, uneducated and in some cases illiterate, and marked the ballots with the voters’ permission.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
He uses a basic cellphone and is functionally illiterate.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 目不识丁的，文盲的
n. 目不识丁者; 文盲; 无知
分布：文盲(85%)，文盲的(12%)，无知的(3%)
→il-,不，非，literate,能读写的，有知识的。
不识字的(il+literate认字的)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
不识字的,文盲的(il不+literate识字的)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
a.文盲的,未受教育的The lateral elite is literally illiterate.边上的杰出人物简直是文盲.
US [-'lɪtˌ.ɚ-] adjective
■unable to read and write 文盲的，不会读写的
• A surprising percentage of the population are illiterate. 人口中文盲的比例令人吃惊。
Compare innumerate knowing little or nothing about a particular subject （对某专题）所知甚少的，外行的
• computer illiterate 对电脑所知甚少的
• financially/technologically illiterate 对金融／技术所知甚少的
UK [ɪ'lɪt.ər.ət] US [-'lɪtˌ.ɚ-] noun countable
■someone who is illiterate 文盲
ignorant, illiterate
这组词都有“无知的”的意思，其区别是：
ignorant: 指一般的无知或指不知道某个具体的事。
illiterate: 指不识字的人或没有文化的人。
adj. 文盲的；不识字的；没受教育的
 - letterless, unlettered
n. 文盲
 - unschooled, analphabetic

Word: party
Front: party
[ˈpɑ:ti] (中高托雅 351/166 -K5)
Vocabulary: party
(once / 20 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
If you have a party, you invite people who will likely get along and like each other. If you join a political party, you choose the one whose members share your views.
Party comes from part, which means "a division in the whole." You can see this in political parties: the groups that make up the whole of voters in a nation. Party also means "person or group," which we are reminded of at restaurants when asked, "How many are in your party?" This is how party as in "a social gathering" or as a verb — the act of enjoying yourself at such a gathering — came about.
WORD FAMILY
party: partied, parties, partying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The report said there was "no easy solution" on Brexit for the party.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
This year, as usual, the firm invited alumni, including me, to its holiday party at the Plaza Hotel.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The chief minister on Sunday called a meeting of senior leaders and legislators at his house where he was unanimously elected the party's new president.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 社交聚会; 党，党派; 当事人; 同类，伙伴
v. 为…举行社交聚会; 为…请客; 参加社交聚会
adj. 政党的，党派的; 社交的，聚会的; 共有的，共同的
时态：partied, partying, parties
分布：聚会(63%)，宴会(20%)，政党(14%)，一伙人(2%)，开派对(1%)
→来自古法语partie,来自拉丁语partire,分开，词源同part.即分开的一部分，分支，引申词义政党，党派，也用于指一伙人的聚会，宴会，及法律术语当事人，当事方等诸相关词义。
n.聚会,政党,当事人v.举行(参加)社交聚会Sir, your bird stirred my girlfriend's birthday party.先生,你的鸟搅了我女友的生日聚会.
US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
CELEBRATION 庆祝
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a social event where a group of people meet to talk, eat, drink, dance, etc., often in order to celebrate a special occasion 社交聚会
• a birthday party 生日会
• a farewell party 欢送会
• a dinner party (= a small, sometimes formal party where a meal is eaten) 晚宴
• a UKfancy-dress / UScostume party (= a party where people wear clothes that make them look like someone or something else) 化装舞会
• Peter has/gives/throws really wild parties. 彼得举办的聚会很疯狂。
  Common Learner Errors  partyWarning: Choose the right verb! Don't say 'offer/make/prepare a party', say throw/give/have a party :
✗ I am making a surprise party for my sister. I am throwing a surprise party for my sister.
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
POLITICAL GROUP 政党
 ESSENTIAL countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■an organization of people with particular political beliefs which competes in elections to try to win positions in local or national government 党，政党，党派
• the Democratic Party 民主党
• the Green party 绿党
• the Conservative party 保守党
• The Labour party has/have just elected a new leader. 工党刚选出了一名新领袖。
• He was elected as party leader in 2001. 他于2001年当选为该党的领袖。
• They contacted party members from across the nation to ask for their support. 他们联系全国的党员，请求他们支援。
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
VISITING GROUP 参观团体
 IMPROVER countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who are involved in an activity together, especially a visit （共同参加活动，尤指参观的）一批人，一组人
• a party of tourists 一批游客
• Most museums give a discount to school parties. 大多数博物馆都对学校的参观团体打折。
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
INVOLVEMENT 参与
 IMPROVER countable
■one of the people or groups of people involved in an official argument, arrangement or similar situation 当事人，参与方
• The UN called on all parties in the conflict to take a positive stance towards the new peace initiative. 联合国呼吁冲突各方对新的和平倡议采取积极态度。
• It's often difficult to establish who the guilty party is following a road accident. 发生交通意外后常常很难确定谁是有罪的一方。
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
be (a) party to sth
■to be involved in something, especially something bad 参与（尤指坏事）
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] noun
bring sth to the party
■to provide something as part of an arrangement 贡献；提供…作为安排的一部分：
• So what's Carter's involvement in all of this? What's he bringing to the party? 那么卡特跟这一切有甚么牵连呢？他在为此做些甚么呢？
UK ['pɑ:.ti] US ['pɑ:r.tˌi] verb intransitive
■to enjoy yourself by drinking and dancing, especially at a party （尤指在聚会上）吃喝玩乐，狂欢
• Let's party! 我们尽情玩吧！
• They partied till dawn. 他们一直玩到天亮。
dinner, feast, banquet, party
这组词都有“宴会”的意思，其区别是：
dinner: 普通用词，含义广。本义指一日的主餐，但多用于指宴请客人的正式的一餐。
feast: 指筵席酒席，有时可与banquet换用，但前者强调共享欢乐的气氛。
banquet: 指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴。
party: 指一般的社交聚会，也引申指宴请或宴会。
n. 政党，党派；聚会，派对； [法] 当事人
 - principal, get-together

Word: decreased
Front: decreased
[di:ˈkri:st] (12238/16625)
Back: v. （使）缩短，减小，减少( decrease的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：减少(47%)，降低(40%)，减小(13%)
V-ERG
(使)减少;(使)减小;(使)降低
When something decreases or when you decrease it, it becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity.
例：Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year...人口增长率正在以每年 1.4% 的速度下降。
例：The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96...独立公司的数量从 198 个减少到了 96个。
N-COUNT
减少;减小;降低
A decrease in the quantity, size, or intensity of something is a reduction in it.
例：...a decrease in the number of young people out of work...失业青年人数的减少
例：Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease of 40 per cent.银行的基本利率已从 10% 降到了 6%，降幅高达 40%。

Word: utilitarian
Front: utilitarian
[ˌju:tɪlɪˈteəriən] (托宝 12219/12417 -1)
Vocabulary: utilitarian
(once / 2974 pages)
adjn
The adjective utilitarian describes something that is useful or functional. If you are attracted to a car for its storage space and gas mileage — as opposed to its sparkly tire rims — then chances are you value a car's utilitarian features.
The word utilitarian was coined by the philosopher and judge Jeremy Bentham, who argued that his principle of utility would create the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people." The noun form of utilitarian refers to a person who adheres to this philosophy of usefulness. "They couldn't agree on the decor for their living room. She wanted whimsy — delicate tables, fragile statues of fairies and unicorns, and cushions on the floor to sit on. He wanted something more utilitarian and useful — comfortable chairs, a giant TV, and sturdy tables to put your feet on."
WORD FAMILY
utilitarian: utilitarianism, utilitarians+/utilisation: overutilisation/utilise: utilisation, utilised, utiliser, utilises, utilising, utility / utilitarianism: utilitarianisms/ utility: utilitarian, utilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's simply a decent restaurant--utilitarian in every sense.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
When Kloster looked at the utilitarian cargo harbor, he saw potential.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
“There was a really utilitarian aspect to it,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 功利的; 功利主义的，实利主义的; 有效用的; 实用的
n. 功利主义者; 实用主义者
分布：功利的(53%)，功利主义者(27%)，实用的(20%)
→来自拉丁语uti, 使用，利用，即利用主义，功利主义。
功利主义的(utility+arian......的→有用为主→公里主义)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
功利主义的(人)(vutility实用,功用)[-arian表形容词或名词"…的(人)"]
US [-'ter.i-] adjective
■designed to be useful rather than decorative 实用的
• Like many factories it's a very ugly utilitarian building. 和许多工厂一样，这是一座外表丑陋但很实用的建筑。

Word: intermittent
Front: intermittent
[ˌɪntəˈmɪtənt] (研六托雅宝 12236/11287 -1)
Vocabulary: intermittent
(once / 1705 pages)
adj
Reach for the adjective intermittent to describe periodic movement and stopping and starting over a period of time.
The adjective intermittent modifies things that work or stop and start at periodic intervals. An interesting use of something intermittent is a metronome, a device that marks off time in music by making a sound in a regular pattern. It provides structure for musicians, especially when there are several instruments all playing different melodies at the same time. Other intermittent things are the windshield wipers on your car and thank goodness for them when it rains!
WORD FAMILY
intermittent: intermittence, intermittency, intermittently +/intermittence: intermittences/intermittency: intermittencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
This led to more arrests, and then to torture and years of intermittent imprisonment.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The talks would be distinct from intermittent U.N.-brokered negotiations and not initially involve the United States.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 间歇的; ，断断续续的; 间歇性
分布：断断续续的(52%)，间歇的(48%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-mit,送走，离开，词源同mission,omit.引申词义空出来的，间歇的，断断续续的。
间歇的(intermit+t+ent)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
a.间歇的,断断续续的The man with mittens intermittently intervened the remittance.戴连指手套的人间歇地介入汇款.
【记】intermit（v 暂停；中断）；inter中间，mit松手－暂停
【反】perpetual（adj 永久的）；constant（adj 不变的；坚决的）
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■not happening regularly or continuously; stopping and starting repeatedly or with periods in between 间歇的，断断续续的
• intermittent rain 阵雨
• an intermittent noise 时断时续的噪音
• Although she made intermittent movie appearances, she was essentially a stage actress. 她虽然断断续续地在电影中露面，但基本上还是一个舞台演员。
adj. 间歇的，断断续续的
 - desultory, on-again

Word: haunted
Front: haunted
[ˈhɔ:ntɪd] (托 12286/18957 -1)
Vocabulary: haunted
(once / 465 pages)
adj
Something that's haunted seems to have ghosts. Visiting a scary haunted house is a great, if terrifying, way to spend Halloween night.
Ghosts, or spooky apparitions, are what makes a place haunted. You might truly believe your grandparents' house is haunted, or it might just seem that way because of the scary creaks and groans in the night, the cobwebs in dark corners, and the dim lighting. You can also describe a person as haunted when she's obsessed with or tormented by something: "I was haunted by the memory of my cat killing that poor mouse."
WORD FAMILY
haunt: haunted, haunting, haunts+/haunting: hauntingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Christmas Day, the Answer Wife suggested that Answer Man start a rumor that the Trump International Hotel is haunted.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
I am comforted but haunted by her name in my friends list.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The year was haunted by a sense of doom conjured by the candidates themselves, who argued that choosing the other would summon the apocalypse.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 闹鬼的; 忧心忡忡的
v. “haunt”的过去式和过去分词
分布：闹鬼的(76%)，鬼魂出没的(15%)，受到困扰的(6%)，动词haunt的过去式和过去分词形式.(3%)
→来自haunt,鬼魂出没。
US ['hɑ:n.tˌɪd] adjective
ANXIOUS 焦虑不安的
■showing signs of suffering or severe anxiety 烦恼的，焦虑不安的
• He had a haunted look about him. 他面带焦虑不安的神情。
UK ['hɔ:n.tɪd] US ['hɑ:n.tˌɪd] adjective
SPIRIT 幽灵
■describes a place where ghosts often appear （鬼魂）经常出没
• a haunted house 闹鬼的房子
• This room is said to be haunted. 据说这个房间里闹鬼。

Word: grotesque
Front: grotesque
[grəʊˈtesk] (宝 12252/13774 -1)
Vocabulary: grotesque
(once / 640 pages)
adjn
Use grotesque to describe things that are very strange and ugly in an unnatural way. If something "grosses you out," you can safely refer to it as grotesque.
Grotesque also refers to a style of art that uses odd and fanciful combinations of natural, human, and animal forms. The original reference was to cave paintings found in ancient Roman ruins. Our English word is from French, from Italian grottesca pittura "a cave painting," from grotta "cave." Italian grotta is the source of our English word grotto.
WORD FAMILY
grotesque: grotesquely, grotesqueness, grotesquery, grotesques+/grotesqueness: grotesquenesses/grotesquery: grotesqueries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The modern gallery of the Vatican Museums proudly displays a grotesque painting of a suffering pope by the defiantly godless painter Francis Bacon.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
So there is a grotesque illogic in this song.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Many commentators even began referring to Merkel as the new leader of the free world, a title that she dismissed as “grotesque” and “absurd.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 怪诞的，荒诞不经的; 奇形怪状的
n. 奇形怪状的东西; 奇异风格
分布：奇形怪状的(42%)，怪诞的(28%)，可笑的(12%)，奇怪的(10%)，怪异风格(5%)，怪异图案(3%)
→来自grotto, 石窟，洞穴，词源同crypt, 隐藏。来自意大利语，通常认为来自16世纪在罗马废墟洞穴发现的奇怪的壁画，因而引申该词义。
怪诞的(grot岩洞+esque,岩洞里的画是怪诞的;参考:grotto岩洞,洞室)[-esque表形容词"如…的"]
【记】源于grotto（n 人工岩洞：其中多凿有雕像等），grotesque 原指grotto里面的形状怪诞的图案（以一种奇异古怪的方式结合在一起的绘画雕塑和装饰风格）gro＝grow，tes＝test，que缺：在成长的过程中缺少智力测验，导致头大身小－奇形怪状的
【参】picturesque（adj 独特的）
US [groʊ-] adjective
■strange and unpleasant, especially in a silly or slightly frightening way 怪诞的，荒谬的；奇形怪状的；丑陋的
• By now she'd had so much cosmetic surgery that she looked quite grotesque. 她现在因为作了太多的整容手术，看上去让人觉得怪异可怖。
• Gothic churches are full of devils and grotesque figures. 哥德式的教堂到处都放有魔鬼和形状怪诞的画像。
UK [grəʊ'tesk] US [groʊ-] noun countable
■a painting or other artistic work with a figure that is ugly or unpleasant as its subject 表现怪诞主题的油画或艺术品
• Spencer's grotesques are his best works. 斯宾塞最好的作品是那些表现怪诞主题的油画。
adj. 奇形怪状的；奇怪的；可笑的
 - strange, peculiar-looking

Word: seaside
Front: seaside
[ˈsi:saɪd] (高研六 12240/7563 -1)
Back: n. 海滨; 海边
adj. 海边的; 海滨的
分布：海边(100%)
n.海滨,海边To abide the abiding bidding, the oxide bidder strides on the seaside.为了忍耐无休止的吩咐,氧化物投标者在海滨阔步行走.
N-SING
(尤指作为度假地的)海边，海滨
You can refer to an area that is close to the sea, especially one where people go for their holidays, as the seaside .
例：I went to spend a few days at the seaside...我去海滨玩了几天。
例：The town was Redcar, a seaside resort on the Cleveland coast.那个城镇叫雷德卡，是克利夫兰海岸上的一个海滨胜地。
shore, bank, seaside, beach, coast
这组词都有“岸”的意思，其区别是：
shore: 指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
bank: 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
seaside: 尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。
beach: 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast: 地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
n. 海边； [海洋] 海滨
 - shore, sea-shore
adj. 海边的； [海洋] 海滨的
 - littoral

Word: tulip
Front: tulip
[ˈtju:lɪp] (六 12259/15729 -1)
Back: n. 郁金香; 郁金香的花朵或球根
分布：郁金香(100%)
→来自法语 tulipe,来自早期拼写形式 tulipan,郁金香花，来自土耳其语 tulbent,头巾，词源同 turban.字母 r,l 音变。因这种花部分形似穆斯林人所带的头巾而得名。
US ['tu:-] noun countable
■a plant which has a large brightly coloured bell-shaped flower on a stem and which grows from a bulb , or the flower itself 郁金香；郁金香花
n. [园艺] 郁金香
 - TULIPS FRORM AMSTERDAM, Tulipa gesneriana

Word: camaraderie
Front: camaraderie
[ˌkæməˈrɑ:dəri] (12254/18754)
Vocabulary: camaraderie
(once / 8312 pages)
n
Camaraderie is a spirit of good friendship and loyalty among members of a group. You might not like your job, but still enjoy the camaraderie of the people you work with.
A high level of camaraderie among the athletes on and off the field not only makes it fun to play sports, but is likely to make your team win. This noun was borrowed from French, from camarade "comrade." It retains the French spelling and Frenchlike pronunciation kahm-uh-RAHD-uh-ree. The suffix -erie corresponds to English -ery, used with nouns to indicate a quality.
WORD FAMILY
camaraderie
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jarvies’ report says leadership is lacking within the department and that a “sense of malaise and frustration” is harming camaraderie.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Navy from 1969 to 1974 during the Vietnam War - playing guitar alongside fellow veterans brings back the camaraderie he experienced while at war.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The nature of the assignments helps build a sense of camaraderie with the men she works with, who look at her as a fellow pilot.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 同志之爱，友情
分布：友情(77%)，同志之爱(23%)
→词源同chamber，comrade,chum, 原指同处一室的人。
【参】comrade（n 朋友，同志，伙伴）
【反】enmity（n 敌意）
US [-dɚ-] slightly formal
noun [S or U]
■a feeling of friendliness towards people that you work or share an experience with 同志情谊；友情
• When you've been climbing alone for hours, there's a tremendous sense of camaraderie when you meet another climber. 独自攀登数小时后遇到另一个攀登者，这时你会产生强烈的志同道合感。
n. 友情；同志之爱
 - good-fellowship, comradeliness

Word: inventive
Front: inventive
[ɪnˈventɪv] (12247/13901 -1)
Vocabulary: inventive
(once / 1896 pages)
adj
To be inventive is to be creative. Inventive people are good at using their imaginations.
If you know that inventors create new things, then it makes sense that the word inventive applies to people and behavior that show creativity. Artists are inventive, especially if their work is different than other people's work. Little kids are very inventive: their imaginations have almost no limits. People who copy others aren't inventive, because they're not being original. When people are being inventive, new ideas are flowing.
WORD FAMILY
inventive: inventively, inventiveness, inventivest, uninventive+/ invent: invented, inventing, invention, inventive, inventor, invents, reinvent / invention: inventions/ inventor: inventors/ reinvent: reinvented, reinventing, reinvents/uninventive: uninventively
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the author of “The Music of Chance,” an inventive tale of one man’s life as it unfolds in four different plots.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Mixing elements of steampunk with a pro-science message, this inventive French animated adventure is a sophisticated, riveting story about the power of innovation in society.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 发明的; 善于发明的; 有创造力的; 独出心裁的
分布：发明的(86%)，善于创造的(14%)
→来自invent,发明，创造。
有创造能力的(invent+ive)[ven,vent=come,表示"来"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective approving
■very good at thinking of new and original ideas 善于创新的，有新意的
• He is very inventive, always dreaming up new gadgets for the home. 他很有发明才能，总是能凭空想像出一些新的家用小装置。

Word: anti-abortion
Front: anti-abortion
['ænti:əb'ɔ:ʃn] None
Back: adj. 反对堕胎的
分布：反对堕胎的(100%)
US [-tˌi.ə'bɔ:r-] adjective
■supporting the belief that abortion (= the intentional ending of pregnancy) is morally wrong 反对堕胎的；反对流产的
• anti-abortion activists/groups 反堕胎积极分子／团体

Word: heartfelt
Front: heartfelt
[ˈhɑ:tfelt] (12265/18472 -1)
Vocabulary: heartfelt
(once / 2549 pages)
adj
If something is heartfelt, it's sincere and warm. It's clear from your elderly neighbor's heartfelt invitation that she genuinely wants you to come over for tea and cookies.
When you're profoundly grateful to your favorite teacher, you'll offer her your heartfelt thanks. And when your best friend's dog dies, you'll give him your heartfelt sympathy. Things that are heartfelt are deeply emotional, believed or felt very strongly. The word dates from the 18th century, from heart, with its Old English root heorte, "heart, spirit, or mind."
WORD FAMILY
heartfelt
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem is a heartfelt work that grapples with pain and injustice, with unfairness and disillusionment.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
So, he keeps speaking, spreading the word about mental illness one heartfelt speech at a time.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
While big and glossy still works, it’s just possible that odd and heartfelt will, too.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 衷心的; 诚挚的; 真诚的; 深切
分布：衷心的(100%)
US ['hɑ:rt-] adjective
■strongly felt and sincere 衷心的，诚挚的
• heartfelt relief 由衷的宽慰
• formal Please accept my heartfelt apologies/thanks. 请接受我诚挚的道歉／感谢。
adj. 衷心的；真诚的；真心真意的
 - sincere, devout

Word: UFO
Front: UFO
[,ju: ef 'əʊ] (12275/41134)
Back: abbr. 不明飞行物（Unidentified Flying Object）
分布：名词(100%)
US [-'oʊ] noun countable abbreviation for
■unidentified flying object: an object seen in the sky which is thought to be a spacecraft from another planet 不明飞行物，飞碟，幽浮
• Several UFO sightings have been reported. 已接到了数个发现不明飞行物体的报告。

Word: Islamist
Front: Islamist
['ɪzləmɪst] (10893/-)
Back: n. 伊斯兰教主义者；回教教徒
分布：回教教徒(100%)
N-COUNT
伊斯兰教徒
An Islamist is someone who believes strongly in Islamic ideas and laws.
例：It was clear that there was significant support for the Islamists.显然伊斯兰教徒获得了相当多的支持。
例：...an Islamist regime.伊斯兰政权

Word: twenty-seven
Front: twenty-seven
[t'wenti:s'evn] None
Back: 二十七
分布：二十七(100%)

Word: panelist
Front: panelist
['pænəlɪst] (12291/-)
Vocabulary: panelist
(once / 16485 pages)
n
If you're a member of a group that's officially (sometimes publicly) discussing a specific subject, you're a panelist.
Most panelists are either experts in the subject being discussed, or people whose lives are affected by related issues, developments, or changes. A group of panelists is called a panel, which comes from the Old French, in which it means "piece of cloth," and an Anglo-French legal meaning, "piece of parchment listing jurors." Panelist is an American English invention from about 1950.
WORD FAMILY
panelist: panelists+/ panel: paneled, paneling, panelist, panelled, panellist, panels/ paneling: panelings/panellist: panellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the end of the day, panelists vote on approval questions, and even here FDA tilts the outcome.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
The panelists are scheduled to resume deliberations Thursday, the fourth day, in U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Several months later, after a process marred by procedural errors, five different panelists convened to rule on the matter again.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 小组辩论，猜谜参加者
分布：专门小组成员(75%)，陪审团成员(25%)

Word: horribly
Front: horribly
['hɒrəblɪ] (12255/11702)
Back: adv. 可怕地; <口>非常，极其
分布：可怕地(44%)，恐怖地(28%)，极其(28%)
US ['hɔ:r-] adverb
■extremely, especially in a very bad or unpleasant way 可怕地；极糟糕地
• His face was horribly scarred. 他的脸上留下了可怕的疤痕。
• Their plans went horribly wrong. 他们的计划进行得一塌糊涂。
adv. 可怕地；非常地
 - considerably, remarkably, tremendously, frightfully, fearfully

Word: feeble
Front: feeble
[ˈfi:bl] (研四六托雅宝 12083/9622 -1)
Vocabulary: feeble
(once / 187 pages)
adj
You know how you feel when you can’t open a jar of pickles? And then grandma walks in and does it in one shot without even grunting? That’s called feeling feeble, or lacking strength.
In fact, feeble, comes from the Latin word flebilis, which means "lamentable" or "unsatisfactory." But don’t let it get to you. Your puny, inferior muscles are nothing compared to the guy who makes feeble attempts at humor. Lame-o jokes are way more lamentable than inadequate biceps.
WORD FAMILY
feeble: enfeeble, feebleness, feebler, feeblest, feebly+/ enfeeble: enfeebled, enfeeblement, enfeebles, enfeebling/feebleness: feeblenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
We humans are born in a feeble state, very much needing our parents to help us survive.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Mr. Gentiloni confirmed that his government will, like his predecessor’s, push for pro-growth policies in Europe to support Italy’s feeble economic recovery.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
His completion rate over the past three games is a feeble 44.7%.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 虚弱的，衰弱的; 无效的，无意的; 缺乏决心的，缺乏活力的
分布：虚弱的(52%)，无力的(48%)
→来自拉丁语flebilis的拼写异化词，呻吟，哭叫，词源同bleat, blare.
a.虚弱的,无力的The feeble man feels an ache on his heels and knees when he kneels on the steel steering wheel.当虚弱男子跪在钢舵轮上时他的脚跟和双膝感到疼痛.
【记】小fee象ball一样的滚没了－虚弱
【反】hardy（adj 艰苦的；健康强壮的；勇敢的）
adjective
■weak and without energy, strength or power 虚弱的；衰弱的，无力的
• He was a feeble, helpless old man. 他是一个虚弱无助的老人。
• The little lamp gave only a feeble light. 这盏小灯只发出一点微弱的光。
• Opposition to the plan was rather feeble. 对这个计划的反对声音相当微弱。
■not effective or good 无效的；不佳的
• a feeble joke/excuse 干巴巴的笑话／站不住脚的借口
fragile, weak, frail, feeble
这组词都有“虚弱的，乏力的”的意思，其区别是：
fragile: 可与frail换用，但语气强，侧重脆弱，指人容易生病，指物容易破碎。
weak: 普通用词，指缺乏应有的力量，可用于身体、意志或精神。
frail: 多指因经常生病而身体纤弱。
feeble: 指身体衰弱无力，精力几乎耗尽，含令人怜悯的意味。
faint, fragile, weak, feeble
faint: a.虚弱的，眩晕的，指人在特定场合感觉到的虚弱，通常不是天生体质上的虚弱而是由于某种原因造成的暂时的情况。
 • The summer sun was so strong that she felt faint.   夏天的阳光太强烈了，她感觉到眩晕。
fragile: a.脆弱的，易碎的，指物体容易打碎，或人体质虚弱、容易受伤害。
 • That dish is fragile, so be careful.   那个盘子容易碎，所以千万小心。
weak: a.这组词中应用范围最广的一个，既可以指身体虚弱的，无力的，也可引申为在力量、权力、技能、影响等方面有欠缺或软弱。
 • The patient is losing blood and becoming weak.   病人在失血，身体开始虚弱下去。
feeble: a.虚弱的，无力的，常用来形容人的声音或行为。
 • The elderly lady has become feeble and unable to care herself.   这个老太太已经很虚弱了，无法照顾她自己。
adj. 微弱的，无力的；虚弱的；薄弱的
 - weak, small, thin

Word: buff
Front: buff
[bʌf] (12249/14978 -1)
Vocabulary: buff
(once / 761 pages)
1nadj 2vn 3n 4v
Buff is a busy word. If you’re a movie buff, you’re a film fan! If you’re in the buff, you’re naked. If you are buff, your muscles are toned. To buff is to polish. It’s also a creamy yellow. Whew.
You may decide to paint your living room buff or write a long letter on buff-colored stationery. There is also a soft-surfaced, yellowish kind of leather that's called buff, which is where the word came from — it was called buffe leather, or "leather made of buffalo hide," in the 16th century, and the practice of polishing leather gives buff its meaning as a verb: to polish.
WORD FAMILY
buff: buff-colored, buffed, buffer, buffest, buffing, buffly, buffs, rebuff +/ buffer: buffered, buffering, buffers/ rebuff: rebuffed, rebuffing, rebuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The team is a mix of fresh-out-of-college history majors, retired teachers, actors and government buffs.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Kennedy Leonard led the Buffs with 19 points.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I wouldn’t be surprised if Trump gets in there and buffs it up,” he said of Camp David, which was built in the 1930s.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 米色; 爱好者; 黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮军装上衣
adj. 浅黄色的; 米色的黄褐色软皮革（尤指水牛皮或黄牛皮革）; 黄皮革制的; <美，俚>健美的
vt. 用软物擦亮（金属）; 使皮革柔软; 减低（力量）; 减弱
vi. 作缓冲器，缓冲
时态：buffed, buffing, buffs
分布：爱好者(33%)，浅黄色(27%)，抛光(25%)，缓冲(11%)，光身子(4%)
→来自buffalo leather, 水牛皮，黄褐色。爱好者义来自美国历史上1820年纽约志愿者救火队的制服颜色，这群志愿者在当时享有非常大的声誉。
noun countable informal
■a person who knows a lot about and is very interested in a particular subject 爱好者
• a computer/opera/film buff 电脑／歌剧／电影爱好者
[bʌf] noun countable informal
in the buff informal
■naked 赤身裸体的
[bʌf] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
■(of) a pale yellowish brown colour 淡黄褐色（的），米色（的）
• a buff envelope 米色信封
[bʌf] adjective
HEALTHY 健康的
■If a man is buff, he has a body that is a good shape, as if he has done a lot of exercise. （看似因做了许多运动而）体型健美的
• He was spotted on the beach looking extremely buff. 他在海滩上出现，身材看上去十分健美。
[bʌf] verb transitive
■to rub an object made of metal, wood or leather in order to make it shine, using a soft, dry cloth （用软布）擦亮

Word: bellow
Front: bellow
[ˈbeləʊ] (12281/10691 -1)
Vocabulary: bellow
(once / 722 pages)
vn
To bellow is to shout in a deep, angry voice. If you constantly bellow at other drivers on the road, consider signing up for anger management classes.
Bellow comes from Middle English, and means "to roar like a bull." A cow's deep moo is called a low, so bellow just adds a big angry bull to the standard moo. We use bellow for human speech that has that angry power of a loud bovine, or for any loud, threatening noise. It can be a noun, as in the bellow of the thundercloud, or a verb, as when you bellow at your kid brother.
WORD FAMILY
bellow: bellowed, bellower, bellowing, bellows +/bellower: bellowers/bellowing: bellowings/ bellows: bellowses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Efforts to connect the war to fears of masculine inadequacy seem now almost as comical as Bellows’s work is macabre.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
She whinnys for him if he’s not nearby and he bellows back for her.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“Britain’s last Remaining hope”, bellows a headline on the Politico website.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出吼叫声，咆哮（尤指因痛苦）
vt. & vi. 大声喝道，大叫，出大而有力的声音
n. 吼叫声，轰鸣声
时态：bellowed, bellowing, bellows
分布：吼叫(67%)，吼叫声(22%)，大声喝道(11%)
→来自PIE *bhel-(3), 发声，怒吼，拟声词，同bell.
US [-oʊ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to shout in a loud voice, or (of a cow or large animal) to make a loud, deep sound 吼叫；（牛等）发出低沉的吼叫声
• [+ speech] "Keep quiet!" the headmaster bellowed across the room. “安静！”校长向屋子里的人大声吼道。
• We could hear the sergeant bellowing commands to his troops. 我们听见中士正向他的士兵大声发布命令。
vt. 大声喊叫；大声发出
 - shout at sb., burst out
vi. 吼叫；怒吼；咆哮
 - gnar, huff and puff

Word: agrarian
Front: agrarian
[əˈgreəriən] (托宝 12232/13040 -1)
Vocabulary: agrarian
(once / 4161 pages)
adj
Use the word agrarian to describe something related to fields, farming, or rural matters. The school calendar is still based on the old agrarian calendar, when children needed to be off during the summer to help with planting and harvesting.
The adjective agrarian comes from the Latin root word ager, meaning a field, but the word's meaning has expanded to include anything rural or farm-related. "The senator, who represented mostly agrarian communities, spent most of her time working on issues of interest to farmers. She lobbied to stabilize the price of corn and milk, fought for subsidies for working farms, and presented ribbons to the prized pig at the county fair."
WORD FAMILY
agrarian
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Zapatistas were hell-bent on agrarian reforms, fueling the revolution.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
But here, as Sartre points out, the problem is with the INRA, the ministry of the agrarian reform.
Salon(Nov 28, 2016)
Before the war, the United States was an agrarian nation with a weak central government and political power dispersed among the states and localities.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 土地的; 农业的; 农村的; 促进农业利益的
n. 平均地权论者
分布：耕地的(45%)，土地的(43%)，平均地权论者(12%)
→词根agro, 农业，来自词根ag原始含义。
【记】agr田地，农业，arian形容词后缀－土地的，农业的
US [-'grer.i-] specialized
adjective
■related to the land, especially farms, and its ownership 土地的，耕地的；土地所有制的；（尤指）农场的
• This is prime agrarian land. 这是肥沃的耕地。
■describes a place or country that makes its money from farming rather than industry 农业的；农村的
• This part of the country is mainly agrarian. 该国这一地区以农业为主。
adj. 土地的；耕地的；有关土地的
 - ground, earth's

Word: malignant
Front: malignant
[məˈlɪgnənt] (研托雅宝 12287/10474 -1)
Vocabulary: malignant
(once / 988 pages)
adj
For something that's very harmful, especially a tumor that's cancerous, use the term malignant.
Malignant and its opposite benign are medical terms used to describe a tumor or growth as either cancerous or not respectively. The gn part of both words comes from the Latin word for born, differing in the prefix mal "evil" and bene "kind." A malignant tumor grows uncontrollably and spreads to other parts of the body. Though less common, malignant can also be used to mean "evil, malicious" like when someone has a malignant imagination.
WORD FAMILY
malignant: malignance, malignancy, malignantly+/malignancy: malignancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the cartels are not the only malignant forces involved in the bloodletting.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Days later, a pathology report confirmed that the tumor was malignant.
Reuters(Dec 10, 2016)
Tumors, malignant and benign, typically involve soft tissue, and rarely fossilize.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶性的，致命的; 恶意的，恶毒的
n. 怀有恶意的人; <英史>保王党员
分布：恶性的(58%)，有害的(28%)，有恶意的(14%)
→来自malign,恶性的，恶意的，-ant,形容词后缀。特别用于指恶性肿瘤。
a.恶性的,致命的;恶意的,恶毒的The malignant tongues of gossipers are more fatal than a viper's venom.搬弄是非者的毒舌比响尾蛇的毒液还要致命.
adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■describes a disease or a growth that is likely to get uncontrollably worse and lead to death （疾病或肿块）恶性的，致命的
• The process by which malignant cancer cells multiply isn't fully understood. 人们尚未完全了解恶性癌细胞的繁殖过程。
• Is the tumour malignant or benign? 肿瘤是恶性的还是良性的？
Compare benign
[mə'lɪg.nənt] adjective
EVIL 邪恶的 formal
■evil: having a strong wish to do harm 恶意的；邪恶的
• He developed a malignant hatred for the land of his birth. 他对自己的故土产生了强烈的怨恨。
adj. [医] 恶性的；有害的；有恶意的
 - harmful, evil

Word: paved
Front: paved
[peivd] (12272/19047)
Back: v. 铺( pave的过去式和过去分词 ); 为…铺平道路
分布：铺路(51%)，铺设(32%)，安排(11%)，铺满(6%)
VERB
铺（路或地面）
If a road or an area of ground has been paved, it has been covered with flat blocks of stone or concrete, so that it is suitable for walking or driving on.
例：The avenue had never been paved, and deep mud made it impassable in winter.这条大街从未铺过路面，冬天泥泞不堪，无法通行。
PHRASE
为…铺平道路
If one thing paves the way for another, it creates a situation in which it is possible or more likely that the other thing will happen.
例：...a new proposal intended to pave the way for the signing of a chemical weapons reduction agreement...旨在为签订削减化学武器协议铺平道路的一项新提议
例：The discussions are aimed at paving the way for formal negotiations between the two countries.讨论旨在为两国进行正式谈判铺平道路。

Word: enamel
Front: enamel
[ɪˈnæml] (宝 12226/10293 -1)
Vocabulary: enamel
(once / 1678 pages)
1nv 2n
Enamel is the glossy, decorative coating that's applied to metal or pottery to make it prettier and sometimes sturdier. You might cook a casserole in your favorite pot, made of blue enamel.
Enamel is used in all kinds of everyday objects, including the surface of washing machines, baking dishes, and some bath tubs. The enamel itself is made from melted powdered glass, which can easily be fused to metal and other surfaces. The outer part of your teeth is also known as enamel, and though sugar and other foods can decay it, your tooth enamel is actually the strongest, hardest substance in your body.
WORD FAMILY
enamel: enameled, enameling, enamelled, enamelling, enamels
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lines provide a record of the tooth’s history: Each line represents the daily deposit of bony tissue called dentine within the tooth’s enamel shell.
Science Magazine(Jan 02, 2017)
He mixes oil with both enamel and acrylic to evoke a delicious range of textures.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
These works are small and portable, bright and taut, and use unmixed colors of high-gloss enamel in extraordinary combinations.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 搪瓷; 珐琅; 指甲油
vt. 给…上珐琅; 在…涂瓷漆
时态：enamelled, enamelling, enamels
分布：搪瓷(44%)，珐琅(40%)，瓷釉(14%)，涂以瓷釉(2%)
→en-, 进入，使。-amel, 软，融化，词源同melt. 即融在里面的，指一种瓷器烧制技术。
【记】e出，name名：想出名？容易！先把一口牙作上水晶烤瓷（北京平均价：1500元＝颗），再涂上指甲油。
noun
countable or uncountable
■a substance like glass that is used for decoration or protection which is melted onto clay, metal and glass objects and then left to cool and become hard, or an object covered with this substance 搪瓷；珐琅
■a type of paint which forms a shiny surface when dry 瓷漆；瓷釉
■the hard white shiny substance which forms the covering of a tooth （牙齿的）珐琅质，釉质
[ɪ'næm.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to cover something with enamel 涂瓷釉（或搪瓷、瓷漆）于；给…上珐琅

Word: stow
Front: stow
[stəʊ] (12242/15825 -1)
Back: vt. 装，装载; 收藏; 使暂停; 堆装
时态：stowed, stowing, stows
分布：装载(48%)，装填(26%)，储藏(26%)
→来自古英语 stow,地点，地方，位置，来自 Proto-Germanic*stowo,地方，放置处，来自 sta, 站立，建立，词源同 stand,stall.
US [stoʊ] verb transitive
■to store something 储存，储藏
• There's a big cupboard under the stairs for stowing toys. 楼梯下有一个很大的壁橱，用于储藏玩具。
UK [stəʊ] US [stoʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stow away
■to hide on a ship, aircraft or other vehicle in order to escape from a place or to travel without paying （藏在船只、飞机或其他交通工具上）无票偷乘，偷渡
UK [stəʊ] US [stoʊ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stow (sth) away
■to put something in a safe place so that it can be used in the future 妥善放置，把…收好
• I think I'll stow the camping equipment away in the loft until next summer. 我想我会把露营装备妥善存放在阁楼，明年夏天再用。
vt. 装载；收藏；使暂留；堆装
 - onload, charge up

Word: reliever
Front: reliever
[rɪ'li:və] (12227/-)
Back: n. 救济者
分布：救济者(75%)，接替者(25%)
n. 救济者；减压装置
 - easing gear, relief fitting

Word: sunken
Front: sunken
[ˈsʌŋkən] (12248/14760 -1)
Back: adj. 沉没的; 凹陷的，下陷的; 低于周围平面的; 水底的，埋着的
v. 陷入，下沉; 沉没
分布：沉没的(61%)，凹陷的(31%)，低于周围平面的(4%)，动词sink的过去分词.(4%)
adjective
■having fallen to the bottom of the sea 沉没的，沉入海底的
• They're diving for sunken treasure. 他们潜入海中寻找沉没的宝藏。
■at a lower level than the surrounding area 低洼的，下陷的
• It was a luxurious bathroom, with a sunken bath. 那是一个豪华的浴室，里面有一个下沉式浴缸。
■(of eyes or cheeks) seeming to have fallen further into the face, especially because of tiredness, illness or old age （尤指因为疲劳、疾病或年老眼睛或脸颊）凹陷的
• She looked old and thin with sunken cheeks and hollow eyes. 她脸颊凹陷，眼眶凸出，看起来苍老瘦削。
adj. 沉没的；凹陷的；比周围低的
 - calathiform

Word: dick
Front: dick
[dɪk] (10766/4509)
Vocabulary: dick
(once / 94 pages)
n
Dick is a vulgar slang word for a penis. It's also an insulting thing to call someone you don't like, especially a boy or man.
Much like ass, this word for a below-the-belt body part is very commonly used as an insult meaning pretty much "jerk" or "idiot." Only males have dicks, and this insult is usually used toward a guy who is "acting like a dick." Lots of people find this word offensive, especially parents, teachers, and other adults. If you have to discuss a dick, you're better off saying penis or using a slang word that's sillier and less offensive, like johnson.
WORD FAMILY
dick: dicks
USAGE EXAMPLES
DeVos’ husband, Dick DeVos, is the founder of a charter high school whose theme is careers in the aviation industry.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Earlier this fall, it announced plans to acquire Dick Clark Productions, a television production company based in Santa Monica, California.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He added that Dick’s and other retailers had trouble envisioning growth with Adidas back then, but the sentiment had reversed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 〈口〉家伙; 〈俚〉阴茎; 〈美俚〉侦探; 〈俚〉誓言
分布：阴茎(58%)，侦探(42%)
→来自人名Rick的俚语名，用来代指比较粗俗的字眼。比较wally(William).
noun countable
PENIS 阴茎 offensive
■a penis 阴茎
[dɪk] noun countable
PERSON 人 offensive
■a stupid man 笨蛋，傻瓜
• That guy is such a dick. 那家伙真笨。
■US old-fashioned informal
■a detective (= someone whose job is to discover facts about a crime) 侦探，警探
• a private dick 私家侦探
n. 阴茎，鸡巴；侦探；誓言
 - cirrhus, tentum

Word: impartial
Front: impartial
[ɪmˈpɑ:ʃl] (研六托宝 12318/11147 -1)
Vocabulary: impartial
(once / 672 pages)
adj
If you're in a contest you'd better hope the judges are impartial, that is, that they aren't biased toward one competitor over another.
When someone's partial to something they take its part. Impartial means no part has yet been taken. In most high school elections, teachers strive to create an impartial atmosphere, to keep it from appearing to be a popularity contest.
WORD FAMILY
impartial: impartiality, impartially
USAGE EXAMPLES
His attorney filed court papers saying that an elected official’s actions should be decided by an impartial jury of his peers, not a judge.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Weezy himself, no doubt impartial, calls it better than “everything” he’s ever heard.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
She said the investigations will be impartial and thorough.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不偏不倚的; 公平的，公正的; 无私的; 持平
分布：公正的(83%)，不偏不倚的(17%)
→im-,不，非，partial,部分的，偏袒的。
公平的(im+partial有偏见的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
公正的(im无+partial有偏见的→无偏见的)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
公正的(in不+part部分;偏见+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
【记】partial（adj 部分的；局部的；偏袒的）
US [-'pɑ:r-] adjective
■not supporting any of the sides involved in an argument 公正的，无偏见的
• impartial advice 客观公正的建议
• A trial must be fair and impartial. 审判必须客观公正
just, impartial, objective, neutral, fair
这组词都有“公正的，公平的，不偏不倚的”的意思，其区别是：
just: 多用于庄重场合，指不受个人利益得失或感情倾向的影响，侧重按照公认的准则或标准处理问题。
impartial: 侧重对任何人或任何一方没有成见或偏袒。
objective: 着重客观、真实，不为个人偏见、兴趣、感情或看法所左右。
neutral: 强调持中立态度，不偏袒任何一方，甚至不作最后的裁决。
fair: 普通常用词，指不偏不倚地对待人和物，侧重不受个人感情、偏见或利益所影响。
adj. 公平的，公正的；不偏不倚的
 - judicial, fair, just, equitable

Word: concurrent
Front: concurrent
[kənˈkʌrənt] (托 12234/10520 -1)
Vocabulary: concurrent
(once / 4232 pages)
adj
Concurrent means happening at the same time, as in two movies showing at the same theater on the same weekend.
You might notice another adjective, current, in concurrent. While current refers to something that is happening right now, concurrent describes two or more things happening at the same time. A prisoner who is serving two concurrent five-year sentences will serve those prison terms together, meaning that he'll probably get out of jail in five years rather than ten. To help you remember the meaning of concurrent, imagine two parallel kayaks being carried down a river by the current at the same time.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
concurrent / consecutive
Bad guys don't like these words because they often describe jail terms: concurrent means at the same time, and consecutive means one after the other in a series. Con artists would rather serve concurrent terms and get them over with, instead of consecutive ones.
Concurrent events happen at the same time, like when thieves make a plan to rob two houses at midnight. Here are some examples from the Times. Don't try to read them all at once:
Most patients ultimately require at least two concurrent treatments to achieve remission of their depression, he said. (New York Times)
A second Esquire promotion, meanwhile, is concurrent with its Brooklyn Decker effort, with both running through Feb. 28. (New York Times)
He was given 20 concurrent life sentences, and has been held for nearly 30 years in the Broadmoor high-security psychiatric hospital west of London. (New York Times)
The adjective consecutive, on the other hand, means one after the other, like little ducks all in a row. Thieves go from one house to the next on down the block if they're robbing consecutive houses. Sports fans like the word consecutive, especially when their team is winning. Here are some consecutive examples, read them one at a time:
Harvard also won its 19th consecutive game at home. (Seattle Times)
Each team will have to play on three consecutive nights at least once. (Seattle Times)
South Korea's factory activity shrank for a fourth consecutive month. (Reuters)
If the robbers served time consecutively, they'd serve first two months for robbing houses, and then another two months for stealing a car. If they served time concurrently, they'd be out in just two months. Woohoo!
WORD FAMILY
concurrent: concurrency, concurrently +/ concur: concuring, concurred, concurrence, concurrent, concurring, concurs/ concurrence: concurrences/concurrency: concurrencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is concurrent with a four-year sentence on similar charges from a recent military court-martial.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
At a hearing Wednesday, 33-year-old Kilwa Jones was expected to plead guilty to state charges and be sentenced a term concurrent to the federal charges.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The judge imposed a mix of consecutive and concurrent nine-year jail terms, adding up to a total of 45 years.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 〈正式〉同时发生的; 同时完成的; 同时存在的
n. [数] 共点; 同时发生的事件
分布：同时发生的(100%)
同时的;共同的(concur+rent→同时的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】con共同，curr跑－共同跑的－同时发生的con共同，cur＝occur（v 发生）con共同，current（adj 当前的）
【参】occurrence（n 发生的事件）；curriculum（n 课程表）concurrence（n 同意，一致＝agreement；同时发生）
【反】concur（v 同时发生；同意）－naysay（v 反对）/dissent（v 不同意）
US [-'kɝ:-] adjective
■happening or existing at the same time 并发的，同时发生的；并存的
• The judge imposed concurrent sentences totalling 14 years for the attacks on the girls. 法官对其侵害少女的多宗罪行数罪并罚，判处其14年有期徒刑。
adj. [计] 并发的；一致的； [统计] 同时发生的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, matching, uniform
n. [数] 共点； [统计] 同时发生的事件
 - common point

Word: triangular
Front: triangular
[traɪˈæŋgjələ(r)] (六 12260/9729)
Back: adj. 三角（形）的; 由三个部分构成的; 三方面的
分布：三角形的(88%)，以三角形为底的(6%)，三方的(6%)
US [-lɚ] adjective
■shaped like a triangle 三角形的
• a triangular plot of land 三角形地块
• The play is performed on a triangular stage. 这出戏是在三角形舞台上演出的。
adj. [数] 三角的，三角形的；三人间的
 - trigonal, three-cornered

Word: prickly
Front: prickly
[ˈprɪkli] (12304/15437 -1)
Vocabulary: prickly
(once / 2574 pages)
adj
Prickly things are sharp and spiky, while prickly people are quick to be offended or irritated. Ouch!
A prickly tag in the collar of your new shirt can make you uncomfortable all day, and so can a prickly co-worker whose feelings seem to get hurt by everything you say. Porcupines and cactuses are prickly, and so is the next-door neighbor who is constantly irritated with you. The first thing that was described as prickly, in the 1570s, was a holly leaf.
WORD FAMILY
prickly: pricklier, prickliest, prickliness+/prickle: prickled, prickles, prickling, prickly /prickling: pricklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it was their palpably upbeat — and sometimes prickly — chemistry that became their trademark.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Imagine a version of “Groundhog Day” with Bill Murray’s prickly frustration replaced by Driver’s soulful reserve, and you’re halfway there.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
That’s just the starting point for 90 minutes of virtuosic puzzle-solving, prickly friendship and the spectacular return of ghosts from one character’s past.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 多刺的; 刺痛的; 麻烦的，棘手的; 易动怒的
级别：pricklier, prickliest
分布：多刺的(58%)，棘手的(33%)，易生气的(9%)
【记】源于：prick（v 刺），ly－多刺的－多刺的人是使人生气的，易怒的
adjective
■covered with prickles 多刺的；刺痛的；痒的
• Chestnuts had burst out of their prickly green husks. 栗子从长满刺的绿色外壳中胀破出来。
• I find this sweater a bit prickly (= it makes the skin sore). 我感觉这件毛衣有点刺痒。
■informal
■unfriendly and slightly rude 易动怒的，易生气的
• She was asked a couple of questions about her private life and got a bit prickly. 有人问了她几个私生活方面的问题，她有些生气了。
adj. 多刺的；刺痛的；易动怒的
 - raw, thorny

Word: casing
Front: casing
[ˈkeɪsɪŋ] (12258/14249)
Back: n. 框; 壳; 罩; 套
分布：套(86%)，匣(4%)，盒(3%)，包装(3%)，罩(3%)，动词case的现在分词.(1%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■a covering that protects something 箱，盒，罩，套
n. 套；盒；（香肠的）肠衣； [包装] 包装
 - encasement, gaine

Word: unsalted
Front: unsalted
[ʌnˈsɔ:ltɪd] (12251/39831)
Back: adj. 未加盐的，未腌渍过的
分布：未腌渍过的(50%)，未加盐的(50%)
adj. 新鲜的；未腌渍过的；未加盐的
 - fresh, new

Word: crane
Front: crane
[kreɪn] (研四六 8390/8536 -2)
Vocabulary: crane
(once / 1811 pages)
1n 2n 3v
A crane is an elegant white bird with a very long neck. You're most likely to see cranes wading near shorelines and in marshy areas.
There are fifteen species of cranes, and almost all of them are endangered. Cranes are known for their odd mating dances and for the fact that they typically mate for life. When you crane your neck, you stretch it in order to get a better view of something — like a crane might do. The tall machine also known as a crane is clearly named for the long-necked bird as well.
WORD FAMILY
crane: craned, cranes, craning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men moved steel plate and I-beams with cranes that ran on tracks in the floor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Decker says Union Pacific plans to use a crane to put the train back on the tracks but that likely won’t happen until Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The seaport in Hodeidah — where much of what northwestern Yemen imports and humanitarian aid arrives — was also attacked, disabling giant cranes and other equipment.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 吊车，起重机; 鹤
vt. & vi. 伸长，探头
vi. 迟疑，踌躇
时态：craned, craning, cranes
分布：起重机(70%)，鹤(27%)，起吊(2%)，犹豫(1%)
→来自gere, 鸣叫，拟声词。比较crow, cock, raven.
n.起重机,鹤In the lane the planer saw a planet airplane under the crane.在巷道里,刨工看见了起重机下的行星飞机.
noun countable
MACHINE 机器
■a tall metal structure with a long horizontal part which is used for lifting and moving heavy objects 起重机，吊车
• The crane lifted the container off the ship. 起重机吊起了船上的集装箱。
[kreɪn] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a tall bird with long thin legs and a long neck 鹤
[kreɪn] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to stretch in order to look at something 伸长（脖子），探着身子（看）
• He craned forward to see the procession. 他伸长脖子看游行队伍。
• Mike was craning his neck to get the first glimpse of the car. 麦克伸长脖子，想抢先一睹那辆汽车的风采。
n. 吊车， [机] 起重机； [鸟] 鹤
 - suspended ceiling, derrick
vi. 伸着脖子看；迟疑，踌躇
 - hesitate, stand at

Word: pending
Front: pending
[ˈpendɪŋ] (托宝 6809/8086 -2)
Vocabulary: pending
(once / 950 pages)
adj
If something is supposed to happen but hasn’t happened yet, it is pending, like the pending snowstorm that has everyone scrambling to the store for bread and milk.
The word pending comes from the French pendant, meaning “hanging.” If someone leaves you hanging, you are waiting for a call, a message, a visit — whatever the thing is that's supposed to happen. Pending is a good word to use when something has to happen before something else — like if you are learning to drive, maybe you'll have a car of your own soon, pending your success at passing the test.
WORD FAMILY
pending
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish immigration authorities informed the Brunsons that they would be detained pending deportation from the country.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
McDonald, a pending free agent, said “the attitude around here” needs to be more about winning.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Anderson and Ervin were being held Monday without bail pending an initial court appearance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: prep. 直到，在等待…期间
adj. 未决的; 未定的; 待定的; 即将发生的
分布：直到(52%)，待定的(30%)，即将发生或来临的(6%)，等待 ... 的时候(6%)，在 ... 期间(6%)
→来自拉丁语pendere,悬挂，词源同pendulum.引申词义悬而未决的，待定的。
悬而未决的(pend+ing)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
【记】pend挂，ing－挂着的状态－悬而未决的
adjective
■about to happen or waiting to happen 即将发生的；待定的，待决的
• There were whispers that a deal was pending. 有传言说即将达成一笔交易。
• The pending releases of the prisoners are meant to create a climate for negotiation. 囚犯即将获释，此目的是要营造一个有利谈判的氛围。
['pen.dɪŋ] preposition formal
■used to say that one thing must wait until another thing happens 等到…之后；直到…时为止
• The identity of the four people was not made public, pending (the) notification of relatives. 四名受害者的身分要等到家属确认之后才能公开。
• Flights were suspended pending (an) investigation of the crash. 坠机事故正待调查，航班暂时取消。
adj. 未决定的；行将发生的
 - unsettled, undecided
prep. 在…期间；直到…时为止；在等待…之际
 - in the course of, during the course of

Word: sandstone
Front: sandstone
[ˈsændstəʊn] (12256/9096 -1)
Back: n. 砂岩; 砂石
分布：砂岩(100%)
US [-stoʊn] noun uncountable
■a type of rock formed from sand 砂岩
n. [岩] 砂岩；沙岩
 - quar

Word: overpower
Front: overpower
[ˌəʊvəˈpaʊə(r)] (12285/13782 -1)
Vocabulary: overpower
(once / 632 pages)
v
To overpower is to overcome with greater strength. In order to win an arm-wrestling match, you must overpower your opponent.
The word overpower is often used in situations where great force is used or required against some person or thing. One army might overpower another, or a mugger might overpower his victim. But delicate things, like the scent of a perfume, can also overpower you, especially if they're too strong. Our emotions can also overpower us: we cheer after a home run and swoon when it's love at first sight.
WORD FAMILY
overpower: overpowered, overpowering, overpowers+/overpowering: overpoweringly/ power: overpower, powered, powerful, powering, powerless, powers, superpower /powered: unpowered/ powerful: powerfulest, powerfully, powerfulness/powerless: powerlessly, powerlessness/ superpower: superpowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Chandran said an "overpowering smell" first caught his attention.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
Some worry that sponsors are overpowering the refugees with the force of their enthusiasm.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
The man fired around eight shots in the air before embassy security guards apparently overpowered him, Anadolu said.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 制服; 压倒; 使无法忍受
时态：overpowered, overpowering, overpowers
分布：压倒(50%)，制服(33%)，打败(9%)，使深深感动(4%)，给...提供过大的发动机(4%)
→over-,在上，超过，power,能量，威力。引申词义征服，压倒。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'paʊɚ] verb transitive
■to defeat someone by having greater strength or power （以力气或权力）制服，压倒，征服
• The gunman was finally overpowered by three security guards. 持枪歹徒最终被3名保安制服。
■If a smell or feeling overpowers you, it is so strong that it makes you feel weak or ill （味道或感情）压倒，使无法忍受
• The smell of gas/ heat overpowered me as I went into the house. 我进屋的时候，一股煤气味／热气向我袭来。
vt. 压倒；克服；使无法忍受
 - snow under, outbrave

Word: wand
Front: wand
[wɒnd] (托 12268/14394 -1)
Back: n. 魔杖; 指挥棒; 嫩枝; （做箭靶的）狭长木板
分布：杖(42%)，魔杖(37%)，棒(17%)，棍(3%)，嫩枝(1%)
→来自wendh,弯，转，缠绕，词源同vine,wind。原指弯曲的有弹性的木杖，后指魔杖。
US [wɑ:nd] noun countable
■a special thin stick waved by a person who is performing magic tricks 魔杖，魔棒
• The fairy godmother waved her magic wand over the cabbages and they turned into horses. 那位神仙教母将魔杖朝那些卷心菜上挥了两下，把它们变成了马。
n. 魔杖；棒；权杖； [植] 嫩枝；识别笔（等于wand reader）
 - bar, staff

Word: heyday
Front: heyday
[ˈheɪdeɪ] (托宝 12277/13876 -1)
Vocabulary: heyday
(once / 4988 pages)
n
A heyday is a peak of popularity or success. If you hear someone say "Hey! Back in the day, I was the best boxer in the city! No one could beat me!" he might be remembering his heyday as a fighter.
If you remember a time in the past when you were doing something really well or getting a lot of attention or fame, you might be reminiscing about your heyday. A person or an organization — and even a thing — can have a heyday, or a peak time when everything goes well. The good news is that a heyday can come again and again, so while your heyday as student president might be just a memory, there might be a heyday as governor of your state years later.
WORD FAMILY
heyday: heydays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lou Pepper, 92, the respected former CEO of Washington Mutual during its heyday and named partner of Seattle law firm Foster Pepper, died Dec. 23.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Lou Pepper, who led Washington Mutual during its heyday, was much respected by the bank’s employees.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Because these landscapes are not that old, people remember them during their heyday,” Mr. Birnbaum said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 盛世，全盛期; 壮年
分布：全盛期(100%)
→来自感叹词heyda,表示惊叹，惊讶，后拼写俗化为day.引申词义盛世，全盛时期。
【记】hey（int 嗨!：一种惊喜声），day－惊喜的日子－全盛时期
noun countable usually singular
■the most successful or popular period of someone or something 全盛时期，鼎盛时期
• In their heyday, they sold as many records as all the other groups in the country put together. 在他们的全盛时期，他们唱片的销售量是这个国家中所有其他乐队唱片销量的总和。
n. 全盛期
 - noon
int. 嘿！（表喜悦或惊奇等）
 - here

Word: sack
Front: sack
[sæk] (研四六托雅宝 4467/4693 -K3)
Vocabulary: sack
(once / 303 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4nv 5nv 6n
A sack is a bag. In some parts of the country, store clerks put your stuff in a sack, but in other parts the same stuff goes in a bag. Sack is also an exciting verb.
While a sack is often just a bag, as a verb it can do a lot more. A boss might sack, or fire, an employee who’s no longer needed. In American football, if you sack a quarterback, you tackle him. This comes from the other meaning of sack, which is to raid and plunder a town, like when the Visigoths sacked Rome. If someone says they’re going to hit the sack, don’t worry, they’re just going to bed.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sac / sack
Both are containers, but a sac is for plants and animals, and a sack is for a sandwich. So spiders put their eggs in a sac, and people put their groceries in a sack.
A sac is usually biological — attached to a living thing. At the end of E.B. White's, Charlotte's Web, Charlotte, the dying spider, says, "This is my egg sac, my magnum opus, my great work."
Sacs aren't just for spiders, though. Humans have them, too:
 "The identical twin girls shared an amniotic sac and placenta." (Washington Post)
"It damages air sacs and passages to the lungs, and can make breathing a struggle." (BBC)
Add a "k" to make sack and you've got yourself another name for a bag you can put your groceries in. You might have a sack of flour in your kitchen. Soldiers can also sack entire villages, as in raid them. People also sack quarterbacks and needless employees. Here are some examples:
"Within earshot, Meser, a 32-year-old farmer, sat on three sacks of rice with two cans of oil resting by his feet." (New York Times)
"Attitudes hardened after the sacking of Constantinople, the centre of the Orthodox empire, by Crusaders in 1204." (The Guardian)
"Every team that passed me, I was thinking how I'm going to sack their quarterback." (Salon)
They sound exactly the same, and they both contain something, but sac is more specific and rare than sack. You put your snack in a sack.
WORD FAMILY
sack: sacked, sackful, sacking, sacks+/sackful: sackfuls/sacking: sackings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donald, a Pro Bowl selection in each of his first three seasons, finished with eight sacks.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was sacked three times, Rodgers was not.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Manning was limited to 199 yards passing and was sacked three times.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 麻袋; 洗劫; <英俚>解雇
vt. 解雇; 把…装进袋里; 掠夺
时态：sacked, sacking, sacks
分布：解雇(69%)，袋子(24%)，劫掠(6%)，把 ... 装入袋子(1%)
→来自拉丁语 saccus,袋子，来自希腊语 sakkos,袋子，来自某闪族语词，比较希伯来语 saq,袋 子。通常指比较大的袋子，引申词义麻袋，购物袋等，后引申比喻义抢劫及现代词义解雇， 开除，卷包袱走人。
n.袋,包,麻袋v.解雇I packed the jackets and rackets into packets with the sacks.我们用袋子将夹克和球拍打成小包.
noun
BAG 袋子
countable
■a large bag made of strong cloth, paper or plastic, used to store large amounts of something 大布袋；麻袋；大纸袋；大塑胶袋
• The corn was stored in large sacks. 玉米装在大麻袋里。
• a sack of potatoes/coal/flour 一袋马铃薯／煤／面粉
⇒ See also haversack;knapsack;rucksack
countable US
■a paper or plastic bag used to carry things bought in a food shop 食品购物袋
• a sack of groceries 一袋食品杂货
[sæk] noun
DISMISS 解雇
the sack
■when someone is removed from their job 开除，解雇
• They gave him the sack for being late. 因为迟到，他们开除了他。
• Two workers got the sack for fighting in the warehouse. 两名工人因为在仓库打架而被解雇了。
[sæk] noun
STEAL 窃盗
only singular
■the act of stealing all the valuable things from a town and sometimes destroying the town, during a war （通常指在战争中）洗劫，劫掠
• The sack (= destruction) of Rome by the Visigoths occurred in the 5th century. 西哥德人洗劫罗马发生在西元五世纪。
[sæk] noun
BED 床
the sack only singular US informal
■bed 床
• It's late - I'm going to hit the sack (= go to bed). 时间不早了，我要上床睡觉了。
• He came home and found Judy and Brad in the sack (= in bed) together. 回到家，他发现茱蒂和布拉德睡在同一张床上。
in the sack US informal
■If someone is good/bad in the sack, they are sexually skilled/not sexually skilled. 床上功夫（好或差）
[sæk] verb transitive
DISMISS 解雇
 ADVANCED
■to remove someone from a job, usually because they have done something wrong or badly, or sometimes as a way of saving the cost of employing them 解雇，开除
• They sacked her for being late. 因为迟到，他们把她开除了。
• He got sacked from his last job. 他上一份工作是被解雇的。
[sæk] verb transitive
STEAL 窃盗
■to steal all the valuable things from a building, town, etc., and possibly destroy the building or town, usually during a war （通常指在战争中）洗劫，劫掠
• The invaders sacked every village they passed on their route. 侵略者洗劫了他们途经的每个村庄。
[sæk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  sack out US informal
■to go to bed 上床睡觉
• It's late - I'm going to sack out. 不早了，我要上床睡觉了。
sack, handbag, purse, bag
这组词都有“袋”的意思，其区别是：
sack: 应用较窄，指较大的袋子，如麻袋等。
handbag: 指手提包，尤指女人用的手提包。
purse: 指钱包或小钱袋，在美国相当于bandbag。
bag: 普通用词，指一般的口袋，有时也指手提包。
n. 麻布袋；洗劫
 - gunny bag, burlap bag
vt. 解雇；把……装入袋；劫掠
 - get the boot, dehire

Word: blink
Front: blink
[blɪŋk] (六托雅 4607/6283 -2)
Vocabulary: blink
(once / 644 pages)
1nv 2v
To blink is to briefly close your eyes. The bright sunlight first thing in the morning might make you blink rapidly, until your eyes adjust.
Your eyes blink reflexively, when you're not even thinking about it, but you can also deliberately blink back tears. Certain lights blink as well, like your car's turn signal, flashing on and off. A figurative way to blink is to hesitate or give up, especially at a confrontation: "The lawyers kept holding out for a settlement, waiting for the other side to blink first." The origin of blink is probably the Middle Dutch blinken, "to glitter."
WORD FAMILY
blink: blinked, blinker, blinking, blinks+/ blinker: blinkered, blinkers/blinking: blinkingly, blinkings, unblinking/blinks: blinkses/unblinking: unblinkingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Otherwise, no one blinked because it was the third similar incident in a week.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
It is as eclectic and daring a release you’ll hear, pivoting from impish yips to bloodhound-ish yowls to Louis Armstrong impersonations in a blink.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
People will be able to order the discounted drug through a company called Blink Health, which operates a website and app.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 眨眼睛
vi. 闪亮，闪烁
n. 眨眼; 一瞬间; 闪亮; 闪烁
时态：blinked, blinking, blinks
分布：眨眼(64%)，闪烁(21%)，一瞬间(7%)，闪光(6%)，拒绝承认或面对(1%)，用闪光灯传送信号(1%)
→来自PIE *bhel, 照耀，闪光。指由于眩目而眨眼。-k, 硬化音。词源同blind.
verb
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■When you blink, you close and then open your eyes quickly once or several times, and when an eye blinks, it does this 眨（眼睛）
• You've got something in your eye - try blinking a few times. 你眼睛里有东西——眨几下眼睛试试。
intransitive literary
■If a light blinks, it flashes on and off. （光）闪烁
[blɪŋk] verb
not blink informal
■to not show any shock or surprise 不惊讶，不吃惊
• When he was told I was expecting twins, Harry didn't even blink. 当哈里得知我要生双胞胎时，他一点也不惊讶。
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
■the act of blinking 眨眼
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
in the blink of an eye
■extremely quickly 一眨眼，瞬间
• In the blink of an eye, he was gone. 一眨眼他就不见了。
[blɪŋk] noun countable usually singular
on the blink informal
■When a machine is on the blink, it is not working correctly. （机器）失灵，出毛病
vt. 眨眼；使…闪烁
 - wink one's eyes
vi. 眨眼；闪烁
 - wink one's eyes, nictate
n. 眨眼；瞬间；闪光
 - moment, breath, second, instant

Word: indignation
Front: indignation
[ˌɪndɪgˈneɪʃn] (研六宝 12282/9794)
Vocabulary: indignation
(once / 265 pages)
n
Call your anger at an unjust situation indignation. If recess gets canceled for everyone because two students get into a fight, the rest of the student body will respond with indignation.
Indignation traces back to the Latin prefix in- "not" and root dignus "worthy" and means anger at something that is unfair or unjust. Another word for indignation is outrage. Be careful using these words as they have a bit of a negative slant. A person who feels indignation is a little self-righteous and focused on not being treated the way he feels he should be.
WORD FAMILY
indignation: indignations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The righteous indignation erupting across segments of the college football landscape is laughable.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The album seethes with righteous indignation, but also soothes with considerable human empathy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Political hypochondriacs say, with more indignation than precision, that the nation’s 58th presidential election was the fifth in which the winner lost the popular vote.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 愤怒，愤慨，气愤
分布：愤慨(39%)，愤怒(34%)，义愤(27%)
→来自indignant,愤怒的。
愤怒的(由indignant变化而来)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
n.愤怒,愤慨His ignorance of her dignity ignited her indignation.他对她的高贵的无知点燃了她的愤怒(之火).
noun uncountable
■anger about a situation that you think is wrong or not fair （由错误或不公正的事激起的）愤怒；愤慨
fury, anger, wrath, rage, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒”的意思，其区别是：
fury: 语气最强，指极端的气愤，甚至达到发疯的程度。
anger: 普通用词，通常指因受到侮辱、损害、指责或顶撞等而引起的愤怒。
wrath: 文学用词，含义与anger相近，但语气强，含欲加惩罚或报复的意味。
rage: 侧重突然而猛列发作，难以控制的大怒。
indignation: 较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒。
resentment, fury, anger, indignation
这组词都有“愤怒、生气”的意思，其区别是：
resentment: n.愤恨，怨恨，不满，是正式用语，尤指由于受侮辱或自尊心受到伤害后而产生的愤慨。
 • There was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.   大家的工资降低后，办公室里怨声载道。
fury: n.暴怒，大怒，程度较anger要强。
anger: n.气愤，生气，是一般用语。
 • After their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.   争吵之后，他一拳打在那个人的脸上以发泄怒气。
indignation: n.义愤，尤其指出于道义上的激愤。
 • general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares   公共汽车票价突然猛增激起的公愤
n. 愤慨；愤怒；义愤
 - anger, wrath

Word: disproportionately
Front: disproportionately
[ˌdɪsprə'pɔ:ʃənətlɪ] (12266/14339)
Back: adv. 不匀称，不相称
分布：不成比例地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(数量或尺寸)不成比例的，不相称的
Something that is disproportionate is surprising or unreasonable in amount or size, compared with something else.
例：A disproportionate amount of time was devoted to one topic...纠缠在同一个话题上的时间太长了。
例：This sentence is totally disproportionate to the alleged offence.从所犯罪行来看，这一量刑完全不合理。
unaccountably, disproportionately, unconsciously, indefinitely
unaccountably: 无法解释的，不能说明的
disproportionately: 不成比例的
unconsciously: 无意识的，不知不觉的
indefinitely: 不确定的，无期限的

Word: timeline
Front: timeline
[ˈtaɪmlaɪn] (12314/-)
Vocabulary: timeline
(once / 9206 pages)
n
A timeline is a list of important events arranged in the order in which they happened. You might write out a timeline of Civil War battles when you're studying for a big history test.
Timelines are often used in history textbooks and biographies — they explain what happened during a certain period of time or to a particular person, starting with the earliest event and moving forward through time. Your own personal timeline, for example, might begin with your birth. Many timelines are represented graphically by an actual line that's dotted with points representing important events.
WORD FAMILY
timeline: timelines
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If they want to get confirmed by Inauguration Day, that timeline doesn’t work,” the aide said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Negotiations with the incoming Trump administration, he said, were mostly “on timeline, on an execution strategy.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
These contestants lost huge amounts of weight much too quickly, because of the results' timeline demanded by the Biggest Loser.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Back: n. 时间轴，时间表
分布：时间表(100%)
noun countable
■a line that shows the time and the order in which events have happened （事件发生的）先后顺序表
■a plan which shows how long something will take or when things will happen （显示做某事所需时间或某事何时发生的）时间表

Word: skillful
Front: skillful
['skɪlfʊl] (高研四六托 12290/43429)
Back: adj. 灵巧的，熟练的; 制作精巧的; 圆熟
分布：熟练的(66%)，灵巧的(34%)
→skill,技术，技能，-ful,形容词后缀。 skim 撇去，掠过，擦过，滑过，浏览
a.(skilful)(in,at)灵巧的,娴熟的The child has become skillful in reading and writing.那个小孩变得善于读写.
expert, skilled, skillful, proficient
这组词都有“熟练的”的意思，其区别是：
expert: 特指有某项专长，有某方面经验。
skilled: 通常指已掌握某行业的专业技能或手段，或已有从事某一专门工作的本领或技术。
skillful: 指在工作或操作中表现出灵巧、熟练。
proficient: 多指擅长于某事，侧重技艺或科学方面。
adj. 熟练的；巧妙的
 - experienced, happy, accomplished, clever, practiced

Word: trek
Front: trek
[trek] (雅宝 9100/11501 -2)
Vocabulary: trek
(once / 2297 pages)
nv
Want to go on a trek through the mountains? Make sure you have good shoes, drinking water, and snacks. A trek is a long and difficult journey.
The word trek implies an extended trip that is hard — a climb up a mountain or a journey through dense forests. In the movies and TV shows called "Star Trek," the crew of the Enterprise is on a journey through space that will last a long time. You wouldn't say that you took a trek to the corner grocery unless you had to fight through three feet of snow to get there.
WORD FAMILY
trek: treking, trekked, trekker, trekking, treks+/trekker: trekkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They think it’s something you see in ‘Star Trek.’
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
From now until then, Spielvogel, an avid weightlifter, plans to throw in as much cardio as possible to prepare for the trek.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
I’ve been celebrating 50 years of Star Trek this year.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 长途跋涉; 拖着腿走; 徒步旅行; （牛）拉货车
n. 长途跋涉; 艰难的旅程; 远距离行走
时态：trekked, trekking, treks
分布：长途跋涉(56%)，艰苦跋涉(44%)
→来 自 南 非 荷 兰 语 trek, 牛 车 ， 乘 牛 车 旅 行 或 迁 移 ， 来 自 荷 兰 语 trekken, 行 进 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*trakjana,拉，使移动，来自 dhragh,推，拉，词源同 drag,trigger.后引申词 义长途跋涉，远足等。
【记】trek＝tract拉，原指：拉着牛走的旅行－长途跋涉
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (-kk-)
■to walk a long distance, usually over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We spent the day trekking through forests and over mountains. 白天我们穿过丛林，翻山越岭。
• informal I trekked walked a long and tiring distance all the way into town to meet him and he didn't even turn up. 我大老远好不容易进城来看他，他却连面都不露一下。
[trek] noun countable
■a long walk over land such as hills, mountains or forests （徒步）长途跋涉，翻山越岭
• We did an eight hour trek yesterday. 昨天我们走了八个小时。
■informal
■a walk that is long and difficult or makes you feel very tired 长途跋涉（很长而困难的一段行程，或使你感到非常疲累的行程）
• You can walk to town from here, but it's a bit of a trek. 你可以从这里走到城里去，但是路有些远。
n. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck
vt. （牛）拉（货车）；搬运
 - pull, draw, carry
vi. 艰苦跋涉
 - treck

Word: coercive
Front: coercive
[kəʊˈɜ:sɪv] (12264/16327 -1)
Vocabulary: coercive
(once / 8063 pages)
adj
If you use coercive measures to get people to join your club, it means that you intimidate or force people to make them feel like they have to join.
If you use threats to get what you want from other people, your methods can be described as coercive. It can take nothing more than a strong sense of authority to come across as coercive, or the intimidation can take the form of physical threats. When you're coercive, you're demanding obedience without much concern for what the people you coerce need or want. The Latin root is coercere, which means "to control or restrain."
WORD FAMILY
coercive: coercively+/ coerce: coerced, coerces, coercing, coercion, coercive /coerced: uncoerced/ coercion: coercions
USAGE EXAMPLES
That this might be less a comedy and more a peep into how coercive control operates isn’t dwelled upon in these articles.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
"The aim of coercive orders is to encourage compliance," the report said.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
"We urge claimants to refrain from coercive behavior and unilateral actions designed to change the status quo in disputed areas."
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 强制的，强迫的; 高压的
分布：强制的(63%)，强迫的(37%)
US [koʊ'ɝ:-] formal
adjective
■using force to persuade people to do things which they are unwilling to do 强制的，强迫的；胁迫的
• The president relied on the coercive powers of the military. 总统依赖军队的高压手段。
• coercive measures/tactics 强制措施／手段
adj. 强制的；胁迫的；高压的
 - mandatory, compulsive

Word: snarl
Front: snarl
[snɑ:l] (托宝 12288/10745 -1)
Vocabulary: snarl
(once / 699 pages)
1vn 2vn
To snarl or make a snarl is to growl like an angry dog or speak abruptly and aggressively. A snarl can also be something tangled or confused.
If you've ever heard a dog growl, then you know what a snarl is: a dog's snarl says, "Back off!" When people snarl, they speak in an angry way that isn't shouting but sounds mean. A human snarl is abrupt, sharp, and unfriendly. Another sense of the word is when something gets mixed up, like if wires get tangled together: that tangle is called a snarl. This meaning comes from the earliest use of snarl, "a snare or a noose."
WORD FAMILY
snarl: ensnarl, snarled, snarling, snarls, snarly, unsnarl+/ ensnarl: ensnarled, ensnarling/snarled: snarleder/unsnarl: unsnarled, unsnarling, unsnarls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is wonderful to see Cushing, replete with snarling lip and piercing stare, back in the franchise that relaunched his career.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Many Portland commuters left work early, hoping to beat the storm, but they were soon stuck in snarled traffic.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （动物的）龇牙低吼，愤怒叫嚷（声）; 咆哮（声）; 混乱; 缠结
vi. （指狗）吠，嗥叫，（人）咆哮; 缠结; 混乱
vt. 咆哮着说，厉声地说; 搞乱; 使缠结
时态：snarled, snarling, snarls
分布：咆哮(37%)，混乱(17%)，吼叫(13%)，缠结(13%)，怒骂(12%)，纠缠(4%)，嚎叫(4%)
→来自中古英语 snarlen,缠结，来自 snare,编网，织网，-le,表反复。
【记】源于：snare罗网容易纠缠在一起
【反】disentangle（v 解脱；解开纠结）
US [snɑ:rl] verb intransitive or transitive
■(especially of dogs) to make a deep rough sound while showing the teeth, usually in anger or (of people) to speak or say something angrily and forcefully （尤指狗）龇牙低吼；（人）咆哮，吼叫
• The dogs started to snarl at each other so I had to separate them. 两条狗开始互相龇牙低吼，所以我不得不把它们分开。
• [+ speech] "Go to hell!", he snarled. “下地狱去吧！”他咆哮道。
UK [snɑ:l] US [snɑ:rl] noun countable
■a deep rough sound, usually made in anger 嗥叫；咆哮
• The dog gave a low snarl so I quickly drew my hand back. 那只狗低吼了一声，我就赶快把手抽了回来。
• "Take your hands off me!" she said with a snarl. “把你的手拿开！”她吼道。
n. 咆哮；怒骂；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix
vi. 咆哮；怒骂；缠结
 - gnar, huff and puff
vt. 搞乱；咆哮着说；使…缠结
 - gum up, bolix

Word: coveted
Front: coveted
[ˈkʌvɪtid] (12278/18778 -1)
Vocabulary: coveted
(once / 1264 pages)
adj
Coveted means "in demand" or "desired." If the most coveted seat on the bus for you is the one right next to the bathroom, then you shouldn’t have any problem getting it because most people don't want it.
Coveted comes from the Latin cupiditas, meaning “passionate desire, eagerness, ambition.” Cupid isn't always involved, though — coveted is another way of saying "sought after." The poet Ella Wheeler Wilcox said, “If you are seeking health, wealth, usefulness, skill in any direction, there is nothing and no one who can hinder your attainment of the coveted boon, if you are willing to work and wait." So get to work for all that coveted health and wealth!
WORD FAMILY
covet: coveted, coveting, covets
USAGE EXAMPLES
In entertainment news, “Game of Thrones” once again wins the coveted Emmy Award for Drama Series With the Most Naked People.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Most spent high school with the adjective “coveted.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Communists coveted the far more sophisticated American weapons.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 令人垂涎的; 垂涎的，梦寐以求的
v. 贪求，觊觎(covet的过去分词); 垂涎; 贪图
分布：觊觎(53%)，垂涎(31%)，贪图(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
人人向往的
You use coveted to describe something that very many people would like to have.
例：Allan Little from Radio 4 took the coveted title of reporter of the year.第四广播台的艾伦·利特尔获得了人人梦寐以求的年度记者称号。
例：...one of sport's most coveted trophies.体育界最令人垂涎的一个奖杯
adj. 垂涎的；梦寐以求的
 - aspirational
v. 垂涎；渴望（covet的过去分词形式）；贪图
 - wanted, desired

Word: dumbbell
Front: dumbbell
['dʌmbel] (12245/-)
Back: n. 哑铃; <美俚>蠢人; 笨蛋; 傻瓜
分布：哑铃(100%)
noun countable
WEIGHT 重物
■a short bar with a weight on each end that you lift up and down to make your arm and shoulder muscles stronger 哑铃
['dʌm.bel] noun countable
PERSON 人 US for dummy (STUPID PERSON)
n. 哑铃；蠢人
 - ass, conehead

Word: engrave
Front: engrave
[ɪnˈgreɪv] (托雅宝 12280/12046 -1)
Vocabulary: engrave
(once / 379 pages)
v
To engrave is to carve into something, especially stone. Sometimes people have messages engraved inside their wedding rings, their iPods, or any other rock-hard surface that can handle it.
Words are engraved on tombstones to honor the people who died. Grave used to mean “to dig or carve” but no one uses it that way anymore because they would say engrave instead. Anytime a hard surface has a message or picture cut into, it was engraved. Sometimes engraving isn’t physical. A super fun birthday when your long lost grandmother rode in on a stallion could be engraved in your mind forever. Both kinds of engraving leave an impression.
WORD FAMILY
engrave: engraved, engraver, engraves, engraving +/engraver: engravers/ engraving: engravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became their own little phrase and I engraved it onto a charm for them,” she says.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The three-foot-tall crosses were engraved with the name of a homicide victim.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Each gun was reportedly engraved with the player’s number.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）铭记; 雕刻，镌刻; 深印于（心上）; 印刷
时态：engraved, engraving, engraves
分布：雕刻(50%)，铭记(34%)，刻上(16%)
→en-, 进入，使。grave, 雕刻。
【记】grave（n 墓穴；adj 严重的；v 雕刻；铭记）
verb transitive
■to cut words, pictures or patterns into the surface of metal, stone, etc 在（金属、石头等）上雕刻（字、图案等）
• The jeweller skillfully engraved the initials on the ring. 珠宝商很巧妙地把名字的首字母刻在了戒指上。
• The bracelet was engraved with his name and date of birth. 手镯上刻有他的名字和出生日期。
[ɪn'greɪv] verb transitive
be engraved on your memory/mind
■to be very difficult to forget 铭刻在记忆里／脑海中
• That last conversation we had is engraved on my memory forever. 我们最后的谈话永远铭刻在我的记忆中。
vt. 雕刻；铭记
 - brand, heart, grave

Word: cervical
Front: cervical
[ˈsɜ:vɪkl] (12298/13029 -1)
Back: adj. [解]颈的; 子宫颈的
分布：子宫颈的(100%)
→来自词根cerv, 颈，词源同horn.
ADJ
子宫颈的
Cervical means relating to the cervix.
例：...the number of women dying from cervical cancer.死于子宫颈癌的女性人数
ADJ
颈部的
Cervical means relating to the neck.
例：...the discs in the upper cervical spine.颈椎上部的椎间盘

Word: stab
Front: stab
[stæb] (研四六托宝 5835/5408 -2)
Back: vt. 刺; 将…刺入; 对…做出刺或戳的动作; 刺
vi. 用或似用带尖的武器刺; 刺伤; 戳
n. 用或似用带尖武器刺的伤口; 尝试; 突发的一阵
时态：stabbed, stabbing, stabs
分布：刺(48%)，刺伤(18%)，戳(14%)，尝试(13%)，刺痛(7%)
→来自苏格兰英语，本身为苏格兰英语另一个词 stob 方言变体词，最终可能为 stub 的苏格兰 变体。词义由钉子引申为刺，戳，捅。
v./n.刺,戳He stabbed the woman with a knife and she died.他用小刀把这位妇女刺死了.
【记】s，tab＝TAB（计算机上的一个键）形状是两个箭头－刺穿
verb (-bb-)
 ADVANCED transitive
■to injure someone with a sharp pointed object such as a knife （用刀等锐器）戳，捅，刺
• She was stabbed several times in the chest. 她胸口被捅了几刀。
• He was jailed for fifteen years for stabbing his wife to death. 他因刺死妻子被判入狱15年。
intransitive or transitive
■to make a short forceful pushing movement with a finger or a long thin object （用指头或细长物）戳，捅
• As she spoke she stabbed the air with her finger. 她一边说一边用手指在空中比划着。
• He stabbed at the meat with his fork. 他用叉子戳着那块肉。
[stæb] verb (-bb-)
stab sb in the back
■to do something harmful to someone who trusted you 在（某人）背后捅刀子（指伤害信任自己的人）
• He had been lied to and stabbed in the back by people that he thought were his friends. 他曾经被一些他视为朋友的人欺骗过，在背后被捅过刀子。
⇒ See also back-stabber
[stæb] noun countable
■the act of pushing a knife into someone, or a wound caused by stabbing （用刀）戳，刺，捅；戳（或刺、捅）的伤口
• He was admitted to Middlesex hospital with stab wounds. 他因被刀刺伤住进了米德尔塞克斯医院。
■a sudden feeling, especially an unpleasant one such as pain 突发的一阵感觉；（尤指）一阵难受，一阵刺痛
• She felt a stab of envy when she saw all the expensive presents Zoe had been given for Christmas. 她看到佐伊圣诞节收到的那些贵重礼物，顿生妒意。
■an action or remark that attacks someone's reputation 中伤，诽谤
• Her criticism of the company's plans was a stab at the chairman himself. 她对公司计划的批评是对董事长本人的中伤。
[stæb] noun countable
have/make a stab at sth informal
■to attempt to do something although you are not likely to be very successful 试图做，尝试（成功希望不大的事）
• I'd never tried snorkelling before but I had a stab at it while I was in Greece. 我以前从未潜过水，但在希腊时试过一次。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺穿；直入
 - stick, pink
vi. 刺；刺伤；戳；刺痛
 - smart, puncture wound
n. 刺；戳；尝试；突发的一阵
 - stroke, experiment, go, try, thorn

Word: originality
Front: originality
[əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti] (托宝 12313/11620)
Vocabulary: originality
(once / 1112 pages)
n
Originality is the quality of being new and inventive. A composer who writes a symphony to be played by car horns and cell phones shows great originality.
When something is original, it is creative and not derived from something else. It's fresh. Originality refers to the quality of being original and new. Inventors are full of originality: they need to think of brand new ideas and products. A great artist is full of originality, especially when coming up with new and surprising types of art. If something is just like other things, it shows no originality. True originality is a rare thing.
WORD FAMILY
originality: originalities+/ original: originalism, originality, originally, originals, unoriginal/unoriginal: unoriginality, unoriginally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Recipes were judged on flavor, creativity and originality, accuracy and methodology.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Beautiful actress and brought sass and originality to her Star Wars role.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Gordon’s session was thoroughly imbued with Parker’s musical spirit, even while highlighting his own originality and personality.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 独创性，创造性; 匠心; 独到之处; 新颖
分布：独创性(64%)，创造力(21%)，新颖(15%)
→来自original,原创的，-ity,名词后缀。
【反】banality（n 平凡；陈腐）；
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable mainly approving
■the quality of being special and interesting and not the same as anything or anyone else 独创性；创造性
• We were impressed by the originality of the children's work. 孩子们作品的独创性给我们留下了深刻的印象。
n. 创意；独创性，创造力；原始；新奇
 - creativity, novelty

Word: wry
Front: wry
[raɪ] (托宝 12279/10283 -1)
Vocabulary: wry
(once / 2005 pages)
1adj 2adj
A wry sense of humor is a sarcastic one. You were late for work, stepped into a mud puddle, and you forgot your lunch. If your co-worker asks how your morning is going, you can reply with a wry tone, "Perfectly perfect."
The original use for the adjective wry was to describe something that was bent or twisted, so a sprained ankle could be described as "a wry ankle." Today, the word wry is often used to describe less tangible twists. Wry humor and wry wit both describe a sense of humor that is a little twisted from the norm.
WORD FAMILY
wry: wried, wriest, wrily, wryer, wryest, wryly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gentle and wry bow-tied lawyer and stalwart of countless civic boards, Tom Lewis wears his gentility lightly.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“Were-Monster” includes loads of callbacks and nods to superfans, but it was also the only revival episode that captured the wry humor of the series.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“When I first read the script I thought that’s the part to be, always wry and sardonic,” Fisher told a gathering in England in 2015.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 扭曲的，歪斜的; 嘲弄的; 错误的，处置不当的; 牵强附会的
vt. & vi. 歪曲，扭曲; 扭转
级别：wryer, wriest
分布：讽刺的(48%)，面部肌肉扭曲的(26%)，啼笑皆非的(26%)
→来自wer,弯，转，词源同wring,wriggle。引申义扭曲的，啼笑皆非的。
【反】straight（adj 直接的）；undeviating（adj 坚定不移的）；even（adj 平滑的）；true（adj 真实的）；direct（adj 径直的）
adjective [before noun]
■showing that you find a bad or difficult situation slightly funny 讽刺的；解嘲的
• a wry smile/comment 苦笑／解嘲般的评论
adj. 歪斜的，扭歪的；歪曲的
 - askew, contortive
vt. 扭曲；扭歪
 - distort, contort
vi. 扭曲；扭歪
 - distort

Word: hunch
Front: hunch
[hʌntʃ] (宝 9261/12977 -1)
Vocabulary: hunch
(once / 2038 pages)
1n 2vn
When you pose for pictures with short friends, you hunch over so you don't tower above them — you scrunch up your shoulders, bend your knees, and try to look smaller.
You can also have a hunch, which has nothing to do with scrunching. When you have a hunch about something, you think it might be true. Your dog bolts over the fence, and you have a hunch he's heading for the neighbor who feeds him pâté. Hunch is an odd word of unknown origin, which seems to have originally meant "to push or shove" — to nudge.
WORD FAMILY
hunch: hunched, hunches, hunching
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few weeks later, though, the detectives were back, acting on what the court papers describe as a hunch.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I crept down the stairs, back hunched, knees bent — attempting to lower my center of gravity.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
They named the male entitlement to public space that leaves women on trains and airplanes hunched into corners: manspreading.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 预感，直觉; 肉峰
v. 隆起; 向前移动
时态：hunched, hunching, hunches
分布：预感(77%)，肉峰(13%)，弯腰驼背(6%)，块(4%)
→词源不详，可能来自hump变体。比较bump,bunch.直觉义据说是来自过去迷信，在赌博前摸一摸驼子的驼背可以带来好运。
【源】源于古希腊神话中星神的寒池Hunch，主管预知未来，曾经预测了Narcissus（那喀索斯n 水仙花）与Echo（艾科n 回声）的悲剧。
noun countable
■an idea which is based on feeling and for which there is no proof 直觉；预感
• [+ that] I had a hunch that you'd be here. 直觉告诉我，你会来。
• Sometimes you have to be prepared to act on/follow a hunch. 有时候你要有心理准备依直觉行事。
[hʌntʃ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to lean forward with your shoulders raised or to bend your back and shoulders into a rounded shape 弓（背），弯腰
• We hunched round the fire to keep warm. 我们弓着身子围在火边取暖。
• Stand up straight and don't hunch your back. 站直，别弯着腰。
n. 预感；大块；肉峰
 - bulk, anticipation
vt. 耸肩；预感到；弯腰驼背
 - shrug
vi. 隆起；向前移动
 - bunch, move forward

Word: pouring
Front: pouring
[pɔ:rɪŋ] (12294/11350)
Back: n. 传布
v. 涌出( pour的现在分词 ); 倾，倒; 涌流; 倾泻
分布：倾泄的(50%)，动词pour的现在分词形式.(50%)
VERB
使（液体等）连续流出；倾倒；倒出
If you pour a liquid or other substance, you make it flow steadily out of a container by holding the container at an angle.
例：Pour a pool of sauce on two plates and arrange the meat neatly...在两个盘子里倒少许沙司酱，然后把肉摆放整齐。
例：Francis poured a generous measure of the whisky into a fresh glass...弗朗西斯往一个干净的玻璃杯里倒了很多威士忌。
VERB
（给…）斟，倒（饮料等）
If you pour someone a drink, you put some of the drink in a cup or glass so that they can drink it.
例：He got up and poured himself another drink...他站起身来，给自己又倒了一杯。
例：She asked Tillie to pour her a cup of coffee...她请蒂莉给她倒杯咖啡。
VERB
（液体等）倾泻，涌流，喷发
When a liquid or other substance pours somewhere, for example through a hole, it flows quickly and in large quantities.
例：Blood was pouring from his broken nose...血从他受伤的鼻子里涌出来。
例：There was dense smoke pouring from all four engines...4个发动机全都在冒浓烟。
VERB
（雨）倾盆而下，倾泻
When it rains very heavily, you can say that it is pouring.
例：It has been pouring in Delhi almost non stop for the past three days, disrupting normal life...德里市在过去的3天里一直在下着倾盆大雨，几乎没有停过，扰乱了人们的正常生活。
例：It has been pouring with rain all week...一个星期以来一直在下着瓢泼大雨。
VERB
（人）大量涌入（或涌出），蜂拥
If people pour into or out of a place, they go there quickly and in large numbers.
例：Any day now, the Northern forces may pour across the new border...北方的军队现在随时都可能大批越过新边界。
例：Holidaymakers continued to pour down to the coast in search of surf and sun...度假者不断涌至海边冲浪和享受阳光。
VERB
（信息等）大量涌来，源源而来
If something such as information pours into a place, a lot of it is obtained or given.
例：Martin, 78, died yesterday. Tributes poured in from around the globe...马丁于昨天去世，享年78岁。世界各地的人们纷纷致以哀悼。
例：The commission has invited interested parties to submit comments, and these are now pouring in.委员会已邀请各当事方递交意见，现在意见书纷至沓来。
PHRASE
向（计划或想法）泼冷水
If someone pours cold water on a plan or idea, they criticize it so much that people lose their enthusiasm for it.
例：The education secretary poured cold water on the recommendations of a working party.教育大臣对一个工作小组的建议泼冷水。

Word: clinch
Front: clinch
[klɪntʃ] (托宝 12311/9072 -2)
Back: vi. （尤指两人）互相紧紧抱[扭]住
vt. <非正>解决（争端、交易），达成（协议）; 敲弯
n. 钳子，夹子; 敲弯
时态：clinched, clinching, clinches
分布：拥抱(41%)，钉牢(21%)，固定(10%)，紧抓(7%)，揪扭(7%)，最终解决(7%)，扭住对手(7%)
→来自clench 的拼写变体，即抓住，解决。
【区】与clench相差一个字母I象钉子：板上钉钉
verb informal
WIN 赢得
transitive
■to finally get or win something 获得；最终赢得；达成
• I hear he finally clinched the deal to buy the land he wanted. 我听说他最终做成了这笔交易，买到了他想要的土地。
[klɪntʃ] verb informal
DECIDE 决定
clinch it
■to make someone decide what to do after a lot of thought or discussion 使下定决心；使敲定；使确定
• When they said the job would involve travelling to Paris, that clinched it (for her) (= that made her certain that she wanted the job). 他们说这份工作有机会去巴黎，她便决心接受这份工作。
[klɪntʃ] noun countable
■the position two people are in when they are holding each other tightly in their arms, when fighting or showing love （打架时的）扭抱；（表示亲热时的）拥抱

Word: countryman
Front: countryman
[ˈkʌntrimən] (12297/9572 -1)
Back: n. 乡下人; 同胞; 某地人，某国人
分布：同胞(71%)，乡下人(29%)
noun countable
FROM YOUR COUNTRY 来自本国
■a person from your own country 本国人；同胞；同乡
• Didn't he feel guilty about betraying his fellow countrymen and women? 背叛了自己的同胞，难道他不感到愧疚吗？
['kʌn.trɪ.mən] noun countable
FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE 来自乡村 UK someone who lives in or who comes from the countryside and not a town 农村人，乡下人
n. 乡下人，农村人；同胞
 - peasant, provincial

Word: toxicity
Front: toxicity
[tɒkˈsɪsəti] (12322/17242)
Back: n. 毒性，毒力
分布：毒性(99%)，毒效(1%)
→toxic,有毒的，-ity,名词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
有毒的;毒性的;引起中毒的
A toxic substance is poisonous.
例：...the cost of cleaning up toxic waste...清除有毒废弃物的成本
例：These products are not toxic to humans.这些产品对人类没有毒性。
n. [毒物] 毒性
 - poisonousness, cardiotoxicity

Word: yearning
Front: yearning
[ˈjɜ:nɪŋ] (12302/15023)
Vocabulary: yearning
(once / 784 pages)
n
A yearning is a strong desire. If you have a yearning to travel in Africa, it means that you dream about it and intensely hope that one day you'll end up there.
A strong longing for something is a yearning for it. If you have a yearning for ice cream, it probably means that you've gone a long time without any and are almost desperate to taste some. The Old English root of the words yearn and yearning is georn, which means "eager or desirous."
WORD FAMILY
yearning: yearnings+/ yearn: yearned, yearner, yearning, yearns/yearner: yearners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The frenzied “media,” and worn-out hospitality staffs and political party gurus yearning to be free.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Pope dedicated his message to “all peoples, especially those scarred by war and harsh conflicts that seem stronger than the yearning for peace.”
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
“Deep in the bones of the state is a yearning to be a strong economic entity,” Guillory said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 思念，渴望
adj. 思念的，渴望的
v. 渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的现在分词 )
分布：渴望(79%)，渴望的(9%)，思慕(5%)，怀念的(5%)，动词yearn的现在分词.(2%)
US ['jɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a strong feeling of wishing for something, especially something that you cannot have or get easily 渴望，期盼，渴求
• I suppose it's because I live in a city that I have this yearning for open spaces. 我想是因为我居住在城市里，所以才会如此渴望开阔的空间。
adj. 向往的；渴望的；怀念的
 - eager, hungry, desired, anxious, sick
n. 渴望；怀念；同情
 - feeling, aspiration, compassion, sympathy
v. 渴望；向往；想念（yearn的ing形式）
 - missing, longing

Word: prime
Front: prime
[praɪm] (研四六托雅宝 1667/838 -3)
Vocabulary: prime
(once / 114 pages)
1adjn 2nadj 3v 4n
If something is in its prime, it is at its best. The same goes for a person. If you are young and healthy and in the prime of your life, you are ready to take on the world.
Prime often means "main." The prime reason you go to concerts is to see your favorite groups perform. If your mother is angry that you came home late, tell her that this is a prime example of why you need a cell phone — so you can call her. It can also mean "of the highest quality" as in prime beef or flowers. As a verb, prime means to get ready. Hopefully you've primed yourself for your exams. Prime the pump and start the engine!
WORD FAMILY
prime: primacy, primed, primely, primer, primes, primest, priming+/ primacy: primacies/ primer: primers/priming: primings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition leaders said they were not celebrating the prime minister’s legal struggles.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“Prime time!” the activist says he thought as the camera began to roll.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Investigators questioned the prime minister for three hours at his official residence in Jerusalem.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 最好的; 首要的; 最初的; 基本的
n. 精华; 初期; 全盛时期; 青年
vt. 使准备好; 填装; 事先指导
adv. 极好地
vi. （为枪炮）装火药; 涂底漆; 修剪树枝; 注水入泵引起
时态：primed, priming, primes
分布：最好的(33%)，壮年(17%)，全盛时期(14%)，首要的(12%)，典型的(9%)，青春(9%)，变得首要(4%)，事先指点(2%)
→来自拉丁语primus,第一的，最初的，首要的，来自古拉丁语pri,在前，来自per,向前，在前，词源同ford,first.-im,最高级后缀，词源同ultimate,maximum.
最初的,基本的[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
a.首要的;最好的,第一流的n.青春,全盛期Primarily, the prime criminal's crime has nothing to do with lime and overtime.首犯的犯罪基本上与石灰和加班无关.
【记】源于：prim（adj 整洁的；最好的；早的）
【参】primate（n 首领；灵长类的动物），最早的动物－灵长类；primer（n 初级读本）；primeval（adj 原始的）
【反】uninitial（adj 未蒙损失的；未受伤害的）
adjective [before noun]
 IMPROVER
■main or most important 首要的，主要的；基本的
• This is a prime example of 1930s architecture. 这是20世纪30年代建筑风格的一个重要范例。
• the prime suspect in a murder investigation 谋杀案调查中的主要嫌疑犯
• a prime source of evidence 证据的主要来源
• The president is a prime (= likely) target for the assassin's bullet. 总统是这名刺客的主要目标。
 IMPROVER
■of the best quality 品质最好的，一流的
• prime beef 上等牛肉
• The hotel is in a prime location in the city centre. 该旅馆位于市中心的黄金地段。
[praɪm] noun only singular
■the period in your life when you are most active or successful 全盛时期；盛年，壮年时期
• This is a dancer in her prime. 这是一位正值巅峰时期的女舞蹈家。
• Middle age can be the prime of life if you have the right attitude. 如果心态正确，中年会是人一生中的全盛时期。
• I suspect this cheese is past its prime. 我觉得这块起司已经不那么新鲜了。
[praɪm] verb transitive
■to tell someone something that will prepare them for a particular situation 事先给（某人）提供情况，使有所准备
• I'd been primed so I knew not to mention her son. 因为事先得到提醒，所以我知道别提起她的儿子。
■to cover the surface of wood with a special paint before the main paint is put on 在（木质表面）上涂底漆（或底色）
■to make a bomb or gun ready to explode or fire 为…装雷管（或火药）
prime, first-rate, choice, select, splendid, excellent
这组词都有“极好的”的意思，其区别是：
prime: 常指最重要、价值最高的东西，也可以表示最佳、最典型或最高的人或物。
first-rate: 多用于指对抽象事物的主观评估，有时含夸大、自负的意味。
choice: 指通过精心挑选达到水平，尤指罕见或品质精良的商品。
select: 指精挑细选出来作为范例的物或人。
splendid: 口语常用词，指非常令人满意，显得完美无缺。
excellent: 通常指事物在等级品位以及职位级别等方面的最优或接近最优。
adj. 主要的；最好的；基本的
 - greatest, major, elementary, central, main
adv. 极好地
 - excellently, famously
n. 初期；青年；精华；全盛时期
 - youth, morning, essence, elite, flower
vt. 使准备好；填装
 - ready
vi. 作准备
 - provide

Word: bravery
Front: bravery
['breɪvərɪ] (高 12303/11705 -1)
Vocabulary: bravery
(once / 746 pages)
n
Bravery is the admirable quality of being able to confront frightening things. It takes bravery for a knight to battle a dragon, but it also takes bravery for a shy child to walk into a new classroom.
You can also call bravery courage or valor. Firefighters are often acknowledged for their bravery, but everyday people also act with bravery if they confront their fears. Even though you're scared when you jump out of the plane with your skydiving instructor, the fact that you're doing it at all takes real bravery. It also takes bravery to pet a friend's German shepherd, especially if you are afraid of dogs. The earliest meaning of bravery was closer to bravado: "daring, defiance, and boasting."
WORD FAMILY
bravery: braveries+/ brave: braved, bravely, braveness, braver, bravery, braves, bravest, braving
USAGE EXAMPLES
Governor Tom Wolf in a statement said Weaver would be remembered for “his bravery, his sacrifice, and his willingness to serve”.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The governor said he will be remembered for his bravery and willingness to serve.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The Pawong, a Malaysian tribe, instead of valuing bravery, celebrate fear and caution.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 勇敢，勇气; 辉煌，华丽; 刚毅
分布：勇敢(100%)
勇敢(brave勇敢)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
US [-vɚ-] noun uncountable
■when someone is brave, or actions that are brave 勇敢，英勇，英勇行为
• They were awarded medals for their bravery. 他们因表现英勇而被授予奖章。
• acts of exceptional bravery 异常勇敢的行为
bravery, courage, nerve, backbone
这组词都有“勇气、胆量”的意思，其区别是：
bravery: 指在危险中表现出的无所畏惧精神或在逆境中仍能坚持下去的毅力。
courage: 普通用词。指面对危险或困难时无所畏惧的精神和敢于奋斗的进取心。
nerve: 侧重指面临危险或在冒险的情况下具有冷静、清醒的头脑和坚定无畏的勇气。
backbone: 指性格倔强，意志坚定，有骨气，有顽强的决心去做某事。
n. 勇敢；勇气
 - courage, nerve, heart

Word: faraway
Front: faraway
[ˈfɑ:rəweɪ] (12293/21476 -1)
Vocabulary: faraway
(once / 7938 pages)
adj
Something that's distant from you is faraway. Your faraway pen pal's letters might take over a week to arrive in your mailbox.
You can describe something that's far off or removed from you with the adjective faraway — and you can also use it for things that only feel distant, or that happened a long time ago. Your faraway childhood or the faraway history of your town's oldest building are a couple of examples. This word can also be correctly spelled with a hyphen, far-away, or as two words, far away.
WORD FAMILY
faraway: farawayness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sense of isolation from the modern metropolises on the faraway coast persists.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And world peace is still a faraway concept.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Akerman explained that “No Home Movie” was about rooms and faraway places but “above all” about her mother, Natalia, a Holocaust survivor, “but not only.”
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 遥远的; 恍惚的; 辽; 偏远
分布：遥远的(80%)，远方的(16%)，出神的(4%)
UK ['---] US [ˌfɑ:r.ə-] adjective [before noun] literary
■a long way away 遥远的；远方的
• They travelled to faraway lands/places. 他们游历到遥远的国度／地方。
■describes a person's expression which shows that they are not thinking about what is happening around them 出神的；恍惚的；心不在焉的
• There was a faraway look in his eyes. 他眼中流露出心不在焉的神情。
adj. 遥远的；恍惚的
 - distant, remote

Word: mayhem
Front: mayhem
[ˈmeɪhem] (宝 12301/14680 -1)
Vocabulary: mayhem
(once / 7194 pages)
n
Mayhem is a violent and rowdy disturbance, like what you might experience at an overcrowded rock concert or a day-after-Thanksgiving sale.
You may encounter several types of disturbances in your life, but mayhem is typically used for disturbances involving crowds. The word mayhem comes to us not from Latin, as many English words do, but from Anglo-French, a dialect of French that developed in England several centuries ago. We’re guessing those Anglo-French speakers had a reputation for being a pretty rowdy bunch.
WORD FAMILY
mayhem: mayhems
USAGE EXAMPLES
The subtitle of Banks' book is "Tales of Mischief, Mayhem and Guerrilla Warfare in the EU Referendum Campaign".
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
What seemed like effortless mayhem on the screen was the result of a painstaking — and unorthodox — directing approach.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the first televised conflict, with images of mayhem invading the cozy confines of suburbia.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 骚乱; 慌乱
分布：故意的伤害罪(50%)，有意的破坏或暴行(50%)
→来自古法语mayhem,来自mai,砍，劈，词源同maim,mangle.引申词义伤害，损伤，骚乱，混乱。
【记】源于：maim（v 使残废）may＋hem（n 边缘）：也许在边上，推下去就残废了－伤害罪
noun uncountable
■a situation in which there is little or no order or control 混乱状态
• With twenty kids running round and only two adults to supervise, it was complete mayhem. 20个孩子到处乱跑却只有两个大人看管，完全是一片混乱。

Word: darn
Front: darn
[dɑ:n] (12299/33103 -1)
Vocabulary: darn
(once / 1180 pages)
1vn 2n
To darn is to stitch up a small hole in a piece of clothing. Instead of throwing your worn-out socks away, you can just darn the holes in their toes.
When you darn your socks or sweaters, you use a needle and thread to close small holes in the woven fabric. There's even a specific stitch known as a "darning stitch," in which you first weave the thread with the grain of the fabric, and then fill in the other "woven" direction. The result is a sturdy patch made only of thread. Darn comes from the Middle French darner, "mend."
WORD FAMILY
darn: darned, darner, darning, darns+/darned: darnedest/darner: darners/darning: darnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she said the recount was consistent with a Wisconsin trait, she said: “the fact that we have so darn many elections.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
“I am trying to eat well. The law doesn’t give a darn,” Morgan said.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Carmen and her pal are so darn horrified now, maybe they should have been a little less critical of Hunny Bunny when it mattered.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 织补; 缝补; 补缀
n. 织补之处; 补丁
时态：darned, darning, darns
分布：织补(91%)，补钉(9%)
→1.织补，来自dher, 固定，支撑，词源同endure, firm. 引申词义织补。
【记】用yarn（n 纱线）来darn。读：大恩（人），设想你站在dais前讲话，突然裤子开了，这是，冲上一美女（帅男），只用了一秒钟就帮你封好了，不但避免了你的出丑，还展开了一段轰轰烈烈的……，你说，她（他）不是你的大恩人吗？
US [dɑ:rn] verb transitive
■to repair a hole or a piece of clothing with long stitches across the hole and other stitches woven across them 缝补；织补
• She still darns the holes in her socks. 她还穿补过的袜子。
UK [dɑ:n] US [dɑ:rn] exclamation informal
■used instead of damn to express anger （用于替代 damn）可恶，可恨，讨厌
• Darn it ! There goes my bus! 讨厌！我要坐的公车刚刚开走！
v. 织补，缝补
 - stitch up, knit up
n. 织补
 - dern

Word: crescent
Front: crescent
[ˈkresnt] (12284/7951 -1)
Vocabulary: crescent
(once / 1137 pages)
adjn
A crescent is a thin, curved shape that’s thicker in the middle and tapers to thin points at each end, like the little sliver of moon you might notice in the sky.
Crescent was first used to describe the shape of the waxing, or growing moon, and if you listen closely you can hear its similarity to increase. But a crescent can be any thin, curved shape. You might see a crescent of light hitting the pavement or a crescent of beach next to the ocean. Crescent can also act as an adjective describing something that has that shape, like a crescent moon or a crescent roll.
WORD FAMILY
crescent: crescents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morrell is a spokeswoman for Friends of Rural Crescent Energized, a group that formed in opposition to a special-use permit for the project.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For Iran, the agreement protects its regional interests—including the so-called Shiite crescent that stretches from Tehran, through Baghdad and Damascus, to Beirut.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Chelew reveled in the Crescent City’s richly diverse music scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 新月，月牙; 伊斯兰教的标记
adj. 新月形的; 渐圆的，渐强的
分布：新月(88%)，新月形的(8%)，逐渐增加的(3%)，新月形之物(1%)
→来自ker , 创造，生长，词源同create。-esce, 表起始。最早指月相由亏转盈的阶段，但后来错误的用来指这一阶段的形状。
新月a.新月状的(cre+escent开始...的→开始增大→新月)[cre,creas=grow,make,表示"增长,产生"]
noun countable
■(something with) a curved shape that has two narrow pointed ends, like the moon when it is less than half of a circle 新月形（物），弦月形（物），蛾眉月形（物）
• The moon was a brightly shining crescent. 月亮呈现出一弯明亮的新月。
■a row of houses or a road built in a curve 月牙形的一排房子（或街道）
• They live at 15 Park Crescent. 他们住在派克月牙街15号。
n. 新月；新月状物；伊斯兰教的标记；土耳其的新月形国徽
 - new moon
adj. 新月形的；逐渐增加的
 - meniscoid, lunular

Word: airway
Front: airway
[ˈeəweɪ] (10799/6111 -2)
Back: n. 航线; （矿井的）风道; （肺的）气道; 通气道
分布：气道(94%)，空中航线(4%)，通风孔(2%)
US ['er-] specialized
noun countable
■the passage through the mouth and throat that carries air to the lungs （肺的）气道
n. 导气管；空中航线；通风孔
 - ventilation slot, aspirail

Word: soaked
Front: soaked
[səʊkt] (12283/14852)
Back: adj. 被湿透的，浸泡的; 淋透的
v. 浸( soak的过去式和过去分词)
分布：湿透的(82%)，动词soak的过去式和过去分词.(18%)
US [soʊkt] adjective
■extremely wet 湿透的，浸透的
• I'm going to have to take these clothes off - I'm soaked to the skin ! 我要脱下这些衣服——我浑身都湿透了！
• My shoes are soaked (through). 我的鞋子全湿透了。
• His T-shirt was soaked in sweat. 他的T恤被汗水浸透了。
adj. 湿透的，浸透的
 - sobby, wringing
v. 浸湿（soak的过去分词）
 - drenched

Word: Antarctic
Front: Antarctic
[æn'tɑ:ktɪk] (高六雅宝 12325/10763 -1)
Back: adj. 南极(地方)的
n. 南极地区
[网络] 南极的；南极区；南极地带的
分布：南极的(75%)，南极圈(25%)
南极的(ant相反+arctic)[arch=bear(熊)]
【记】ant＝anti反，arctic北极的－北极的反面－南极
US [-'tɑ:rk-] noun
the Antarctic
only singular
■the very cold area around the South Pole which includes Antarctica and the surrounding seas 南极地区
• The protection of the Antarctic from commercial exploitation is an important goal of environmentalists. 环保主义者的一个重要目标就是防止对南极地区的商业开发。
UK [æn'tɑ:k.tɪk] US [-'tɑ:rk-] adjective
• the Antarctic Ocean/Circle/Zone 南冰洋／南极圈／南寒带
• an Antarctic explorer/expedition 南极探险家／探险
n. [地理] 南极洲；南极地区
 - Antarctic region, Antarctic continent

Word: growl
Front: growl
[graʊl] (六雅宝 8745/8237 -1)
Vocabulary: growl
(once / 300 pages)
vn
To growl is to make a low, guttural, aggressive sound, like “grrrrrrrrrrr.” If you’ve ever gotten too close to an angry dog, you’ve probably heard a growl.
A growl is not a friendly sound. Growls are low, rumbling snarls, and they usually mean "Back off!" Dogs growl at people and animals they don’t like. Sometimes people growl when they speak in a low, angry way. If you dine at a restaurant but don’t leave a tip, the waiter might growl at you. Growling is best done though clinched teeth. If an animal or person is growling, stay away!
WORD FAMILY
growl: growled, growler, growling, growls+/growler: growlers/growling: growlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Drive modes adjust throttle response, steering weight, gearbox mapping and the amount of engine growl allowed into the cabin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“You’re missing the point,” growled Commissioner Mike Smith from beneath the brim of his cowboy hat.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. （雷）作隆隆声; 嘟哝; 愤愤不平地抱怨
vt. 低声咆哮着说; 粗鲁地说出
n. 低吼，狺狺声; 咆哮，粗声大气
时态：growled, growling, growls
分布：咆哮(58%)，吼(24%)，吠声(8%)，咆哮声(8%)，怒吠(2%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮的声音。
【记】grow＋l一把剑：如果看过动画片希芮就比较好记，每当危险时刻，希芮就会变身，从背后拔出宝剑，愤怒的咆哮：我是希芮！Grow，owl变成猫头鹰－只会吼叫不会说人话了。
verb intransitive
■to make a low rough sound, usually in anger （通常指因为愤怒）发出低沉的吼叫，咆哮
• The dog growled at her and snapped at her ankles. 那只狗咆哮着在她脚踝上咬了一口。
• [+ speech] "Not now, I'm busy, " he growled. “现在不可以，我正在忙。”他吼道。
roar, bark, growl, howl
这组词都有“吠，叫”的意思，其区别是：
roar: 指狮子的吼叫。
bark: 指发出刺耳的汪汪声，系典型的狗吠。
growl: 指被激怒的狗发出低长的咆哮声，以示威胁。用于人时，指咆哮着喊叫，怒冲冲地发牢骚。
howl: 指声音响亮，拖得很长，如哀愁的哭声。用于人时，指大喊大叫。
vt. 咆哮；（雷电，炮等） [地物] 轰鸣
 - huff and puff, bark
n. 咆哮声；吠声；不平
 - ululation, discontentment

Word: iconic
Front: iconic
[aɪˈkɒnɪk] (12330/39161)
Vocabulary: iconic
(once / 5198 pages)
adj
Something that is iconic is characteristic of an icon — an image, emblem, idol, or hero. Audrey Hepburn was widely admired for her iconic style, her great fashion taste.
Iconic often describes something or someone that is considered symbolic of something else, like spirituality, virtue, or evil and corruption. The iconic Statue of Liberty is a symbol of freedom. Michelangelo's iconic statue of David was supposed to represent anatomical perfection. In the Christianity, the Virgin Mary is an iconic image of purity and closeness to God. A gun is considered an iconic symbol of violence.
WORD FAMILY
iconic: iconically+/ icon: iconic, icons
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the time, we really didn’t realize how iconic the video would become.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They put into practice what they learned and worked on a quarter-mile trail to the iconic tulip poplar tree.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the end, he said, the company decided the turntable was too iconic to change drastically.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 符号的; 图标的; 图符的; 偶像的
分布：图标的(60%)，肖像的(29%)，图像的(11%)
US [-'kɑ:.nɪk] adjective formal
■very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time 非常出名或受欢迎的（尤指能代表某种观点或某一时代）
• John Lennon gained iconic status following his death. 约翰‧蓝侬死后成了偶像级人物。
adj. 图标的，形象的
 - graphic, ikonic

Word: dishonest
Front: dishonest
[dɪsˈɒnɪst] (12320/9907 -K1)
Vocabulary: dishonest
(once / 1421 pages)
adj
Someone dishonest is corrupt: a cheater, a liar, or a fraud. Dishonest folks shouldn't be trusted.
If you know that being honest means to tell the truth and be straightforward, then you can probably guess that being dishonest means to tell lies and be crooked. Liars are dishonest. Criminals are dishonest. Some lawyers and politicians have a reputation for being dishonest, as do commercials that will say anything just to get you to spend your money. Besides people, certain actions are dishonest, like forging someone's signature. When you see the word dishonest, think "Untrustworthy!"
WORD FAMILY
dishonest: dishonester, dishonestly+/ honest: dishonest, honester, honestest, honestly, honestness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those checks and balances may be the only way a dishonest pharmacist’s activities are discovered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it would be dishonest not to acknowledge the solace of reading her words.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“She’s so dishonest she doesn’t want people peppering her with questions.”
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不诚实的，不老实的; 不正直的; 狡猾的，阴险的; 不可靠的
分布：不诚实的(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。honest,诚实。
不诚实的(dis+honest诚实的)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
US [-'sɑ:.nɪst] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not honest 不诚实的，不老实的，不正直的
• a dishonest lawyer 不正直的律师
• a dishonest way of making money 不诚实的赚钱方式
• morally dishonest 品行不端
• intellectually dishonest 学术上不诚实
• He's been dishonest in his dealings with us/ about his past. 他和我们做交易时一向不老实／他对自己的过去不够诚实。
adj. 不诚实的；欺诈的
 - insincere, deceptive

Word: brim
Front: brim
[brɪm] (研四六托宝 12307/15159 -1)
Vocabulary: brim
(once / 741 pages)
1nv 2n
The brim is the top of a container, like the edge of a cup. Also, if a cup is brimming, it’s full.
This word has a couple meanings related to fullness. If a cup is full, it’s filled to the brim. The brim is the top. Containers such as buckets and pitchers have brims too. Also, the bucket is brimming if it's totally full. A brimming container is likely to spill. People can brim too: you can be brimming with enthusiasm or happiness. Like a cup about to spill, you can’t quite contain yourself when you’re brimming with joy.
WORD FAMILY
brim: brimful, brimless, brimmed, brimming, brims+/brimming: brimmingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The world is brimming with change, both cultural and political.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The St. Petersburg Times declared it “a respectable though uneven solo effort brimming with blue-eyed soul appeal and a surprisingly mature outlook.”
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Writing in The Times, Ben Brantley said it is “pretty much guaranteed to keep your eyes brimming.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （浅底容器的）边缘; 突出的边沿
vi. 充盈，满; 溢出
vt. 注满
时态：brimmed, brimming, brims
分布：边(63%)，边缘(37%)
→词源可能同break, 分开，切开。
n.边缘,帽沿With a dim triumph, she trims the swimming-suit rim at the swimming-pool brim.她带着暗淡的喜悦在泳池边整理泳装的边缘.
【记】rim（n 边，框），你到了悬崖边上，我会说‘b’不grim（adj 严厉的，坚定的），g鬼在边上rim－严厉的
【参】brimful（adj 充满的，盈满的）
noun
PART OF HAT 帽子的部分
countable usually singular
■the bottom part of a hat that sticks out all round 帽檐 Compare crown
[brɪm] noun
TOP 顶部
countable
■the very top edge of a container （容器的）边
• She poured the cream until it reached the brim. 她将鲜奶油倒满。
• He filled the jug to the brim. 他把壶灌满。
• She passed him the mug, filled/full to the brim with hot black coffee. 她递给他杯子，里面装满热腾腾的黑咖啡。
[brɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-)
■to become full of something, especially a liquid 注满，装满（尤指液体）
• Her eyes brimmed with tears when she heard that he was alive. 当她听说他活着时，眼里噙满了泪水。
• figurative His recent triumphs have left the tennis ace brimming (over) with (= full of) confidence and energy. 最近的几次胜利使这位网球高手充满信心和活力。
verge, edge, brim, margin, border, fringe, rim
这组词都有“边，边缘”的意思，其区别是：
verge: 指明显地标志一个表在或一广阔空间的边界，或终端线，也指极狭窄的空间。常用作比喻。
edge: 普通用词，指较窄的边沿。
brim: 指深容器的内边或河、湖等水域的最高线。
margin: 指物体的空白边，一般较宽。
border: 侧重刚好在界线内的一部分表面上，指较宽的边缘，也可指边缘本身。
fringe: 指地毯的须边、围巾的花边、烫发的卷边或人群的边缘。
rim: 指圆形或有曲线的物体的边缘。
n. 边；边缘
 - margin, rim
vi. 满溢；溢出
 - spill over, flow over

Word: gratification
Front: gratification
[ˌgrætɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (宝 12309/14594)
Vocabulary: gratification
(once / 784 pages)
n
Pleasure is gratification, whether it’s given or received. Everyone has desires, and when those desires get fulfilled, that’s gratification.
You’re reading this sentence to understand the word gratification, and soon you’ll know it back and forth, which will give you a feeling of gratification. The word comes from the Latin gratificari, meaning “give or do as a favor,” and a deeper root is gratus, which means “pleasing, thankful.” Doing a favor for someone is a surefire ways to create a sense of gratification, both for them and for yourself, being such a kind, giving person.
WORD FAMILY
gratification: gratifications, self-gratification+/gratified: gratifiedly, ungratified/ gratify: gratification, gratified, gratifies, gratifying/gratifying: gratifyingly, ungratifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“To his surprise and gratification, more than a month later, the keys were returned,” The Times said in a self-congratulatory advertisement.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"He then filmed her for his own gratification," she said.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
“Marriage itself is becoming more fickle, with individuals more interested in pursuing their own gratification.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 满足; 满意; 喜悦; 使人满意之事
分布：满足(85%)，喜悦(15%)
满足;喜悦(gratify+ication)[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
VERB
使高兴；令人满意
If you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure or satisfaction.
例：Mr. Dambar was gratified by his response.丹巴尔先生对他的回答感到满意。
VERB
满足（愿望等）
If you gratify your own or another person's desire, you do what is necessary to please yourself or them.
例：We gratified our friend's curiosity...我们满足了朋友的好奇心。
例：Every whim will be gratified.每一个突发的念头都会得到满足。
n. 满意；喜悦；使人满意之事
 - satisfaction, satisfied with

Word: boyhood
Front: boyhood
[ˈbɔɪhʊd] (12319/18612 -1)
Back: n. 男孩时代，少年时期; 童年
分布：少年时代(100%)
少年时期[-hood表名词"时期,性质等"]
noun countable or uncountable
■the period when a person is a boy, and not yet a man, or the state of being a boy （男子的）孩童时期，少年时代
• I had a very happy boyhood. 我少年时代过得很开心。
• The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period. 从少年时期过度到成年时期可能会是个令人困惑的阶段。
• It was his boyhood ambition/dream to become a film director. 当电影导演是他儿时的志向／梦想。
• James Bond was a boyhood hero of mine. 詹姆士．庞德是我少年时心目中的英雄。
⇒ See also childhood;girlhood
n. 童年，少年时代；男孩们
 - childhood days, young age

Word: panties
Front: panties
[ˈpæntiz] (12305/-)
Back: n. （妇女或儿童的）短衬裤; 童裤，女裤( panty的名词复数 )
分布：女用短衬裤(67%)，名词panty的复数形式.(33%)
→来自panty,内裤，pants的小词形式。后该词用于指女内裤。
US [-tˌiz/ (UK also pants)
plural noun
■women's and girls' underpants （女式）紧身衬裤，短衬裤

Word: oblivion
Front: oblivion
[əˈblɪviən] (托 12315/11679 -1)
Vocabulary: oblivion
(once / 666 pages)
n
Oblivion is the state of being forgotten. If you slip into oblivion after selling one record, then your only hope is becoming a "VH1 one-hit wonder."
Oblivion can also mean "total forgetfulness" — like what patients with dementia or new parents feel. If you find yourself putting the crackers in the fridge and milk in the cupboards, or forgetting your own phone number, you might be experiencing oblivion. Enjoy it while it lasts.
WORD FAMILY
oblivion: oblivions, oblivious +/ oblivious: obliviously, obliviousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What my sister “does” is drugs and drink into oblivion.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Facing no U.S. deterrent, Russia stepped in and decisively altered the balance, pounding the rebels in Aleppo to oblivion.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
He is a madman whose only wish is to bomb Iran into oblivion.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 遗忘; 淹没; 赦免
分布：遗忘(76%)，忘却(24%)
→来自拉丁语oblivio,忘记，遗忘，来自oblino,涂抹，抹掉，-v,印欧语词干。来自ob-,相对，对着的，-lino,涂抹，词源同liniment,delete,obliterate.比喻用法。
忘却,忘记(ob[ob-表示"逆,倒,加强意义"]+liv活＋ion→[记忆]不活了→忘记)
遗忘[obliv=forget(忘记)]
noun uncountable
NO MEMORY 无记忆
■the state of being completely forgotten 被遗忘，被忘却；湮没
• He was another minor poet, perhaps unfairly consigned to oblivion. 他也许又是一位怀才不遇、湮没无闻的小诗人。
• These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivion. 这些玩具会风行一两年，然后渐渐被人遗忘。
■the state of being completely destroyed 完全被毁灭；彻底被消灭
• The planes bombed the city into oblivion. 飞机将该市炸成一片废墟。
[ə'blɪv.i.ən] noun uncountable
UNCONSCIOUS 无意识
■the state of being unconscious 无知觉，无意识；不省人事
• He sought oblivion in a bottle of whisky. 他试图用一瓶威士忌酒来忘却一切。
n. 遗忘；湮没；赦免
 - misplacement, absolution

Word: evict
Front: evict
[ɪˈvɪkt] (雅宝 12321/11583 -1)
Vocabulary: evict
(once / 3005 pages)
v
Use the verb evict to say that a tenant is being forced to move out of his home, usually through legal action. If you don't pay your rent, eventually your landlord will evict you.
Evict became part of the English language back in the 1530s. Based on the Latin word evincere, meaning "recover property, overcome and expel, conquer," even then it had a legal process attached to it. Before you evict someone, you have to complete official paperwork, though some landlords may succeed in evicting tenants without following the legal steps.
WORD FAMILY
evict: evicted, evicting, eviction, evicts+/ eviction: evictions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unable to afford its Bronx apartment, the family was evicted, and Ms. Farquharson and her children moved into a shelter in early 2013.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then his mother was laid off from a flour plant, and they were evicted from their home.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Families living in unaffordable housing are at a higher risk of being evicted, moving frequently, living in crowded or substandard conditions, or becoming homeless.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 依法驱逐（房客等）; 依法收回（房屋等）
时态：evicted, evicting, evicts
分布：驱逐(92%)，依法收回(8%)
→e-, 向外。-vict,胜利，词源同victory,convince. 即胜利赶走，驱逐。
逐出(e出+vict→征服把人赶出去)[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
【记】e，vict（征服）－把…征服出去－驱逐
【参】victor（n 胜利者）；victory（n 胜利）
【反】harbor（v 窝藏；庇护）
verb transitive
■to force someone to leave somewhere 驱逐；赶走，逐出
• Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted. 拖欠房租的房客有被赶走的危机。
• He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behaviour. 他因为醉酒及暴力滋事被赶出酒吧。
vt. 驱逐；逐出
 - cast out, expel

Word: substitute
Front: substitute
[ˈsʌbstɪtju:t] (高研四六托雅宝 5613/4548 -K3)
Vocabulary: substitute
(once / 220 pages)
nvadj
Something or someone that takes the place of another is said to be a substitute. You may be sent into a game as a substitute for an injured player, or you might substitute chocolate chips for blueberries in a pancake recipe.
Substitute can be used as an adjective to describe something or someone that takes the place of another. Teenagers are notoriously hard on substitute teachers, sometimes giving them fake names or wrong information about classroom work. Substitute can also be used as a verb. So if you are asked to substitute for a teacher, you probably shouldn't believe everything the students tell you!
WORD FAMILY
substitute: substitutable, substituted, substitutes, substituting, substitution +/substitutable: substitutability/ substitution: substitutions
USAGE EXAMPLES
And despite my willingness to experiment with substitutes, there’s nothing like the real thing when the real thing is at its best.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
A full-time substitute will replace Weichmann at the high school for second semester.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The world will be laughing at us. He’s like a substitute president. Trump is the substitute teacher of presidents!”
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 代替，替换，代用
n. 代替者; 替补（运动员）; 替代物; [语法学]代用词
vi. 用…替代
时态：substituted, substituting, substitutes
分布：代替(76%)，代用品(14%)，代替者(7%)，代以(2%)，用 ... 代替(1%)
→sub-,在下，向上，-stit,站立，词源同 stand,institute.即站在下面的，随时准备站上去的，引申 词义代替，替代。
替代人员v.代替(sub下面+stitute→在下面放着→代替)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
n.代替者;替身;代用品v.(for)代替,替换Home-made parts are being substituted for imported ones.国产零件取代进口零件.
US [-tu:t] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to use something or someone instead of another thing or person 用…代替，代之以
• You can substitute oil for butter in this recipe. 这道菜中你可以用食用油代替牛油。
• Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. 下半场比赛戴顿上场取代了威廉斯。
substitute for sth
■to perform the same job as another thing or to take its place 取代，代替
• Gas-fired power stations will substitute for less efficient coal-fired equipment. 以煤气为燃料的发电站将会代替效率较低的燃煤装置。
UK ['sʌb.stɪ.tju:t] US [-tu:t] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a thing or person that is used instead of another thing or person 替代品，代替物
• Tofu can be used as a meat substitute in vegetarian recipes. 素食食谱中豆腐可用以替代肉类。
• Vitamins should not be used as a substitute for a healthy diet. 维他命不应用于替代健康饮食。
 ADVANCED (informal sub)
■in sports, a player who is used for part of a game instead of another player （体育比赛中的）替补队员
• Johnson came on as a substitute towards the end of the match. 约翰逊在比赛接近尾声时作为替补队员上场。
• The manager brought on (US alsosent in)another substitute in the final minutes of the game. 比赛还剩下最后几分钟时，主教练又换上了一位替补队员。
there is no substitute for sth
■nothing is as good as the stated thing …是无可替代的
• You can work from plans of a garden, but there's no substitute for visiting the site yourself. 你可以从花园的设计图入手，但最好还是亲自到实地看一看，仍是有必要的。
(also substitute teacher) (informal sub) US for * supply teacher
representative, deputy, substitute, agent, delegate
这组词都有“代表、代理人”的意思，其区别是：
representative: 一般指被选举或委派代表某人或一些人或某个较大团体的人，其职务有时是较长期的。
deputy: 指上级授权代理行事的代表，特指被选择为执行全部或部分公务的人。
substitute: 主要强调某人或某物可以用来代替别的人或物的作用。
agent: 普通用词，通常指经授权代理另一个人或团体，或指在双方之间代表一方起中间作用的人。
delegate: 指一般被派参加某一会议的代表。
displace, replace, substitute
这组词都有“替代、取代”的意思，其区别是：
displace: 侧重指用另外的人或物强行取代并非称职的人或无用之物，指人时往往暗含带不满情绪的意味。
replace: 最普通用词，指任何形式的替代，尤指以新的替代旧的、老的和坏的等，指人指物均可。
substitute: 指某人因故不在时，由别人代理其职，有时也可指由一物去代替另一物。
replace, substitute, exchange
这组词都有“换”的意思，其区别是：
replace: 的含义为“替换”，“取代”。如：George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(乔石治已接替爱德华担任队长。)
substitute: 则表示“用……代替”。如：We substitute nylon for cotton.(我们用尼龙代替了棉花。)
exchange: 指“互相交换”。
replace, submit, substitute, place
replace: 强调某种永久性的取代
submit: 呈交（hand in）
substitute: 强调暂时性的替代
place: 放置
n. 代用品；代替者
 - replacement, proxy
vi. [计] 替代
 - supply, fill in
vt. 代替
 - replace, cover for, take the place of somebody, stand in for sb

Word: crayon
Front: crayon
[ˈkreɪən] (中高托宝 12296/15597 -1)
Vocabulary: crayon
(once / 4940 pages)
nv
A crayon is a colorful stick of wax made for drawing and coloring. It’s also what you do with it. If a kid asks you to crayon with her, bring some paper and your imagination.
Young artists often start with crayons, since they’re easy to deal with. Harold and the Purple Crayon is a book about a little boy who draws his own adventures with one purple crayon. But crayons come in hundreds of colors. While the history of drawing with colored wax dates back to ancient Egypt, the crayon we know today has been around — along with the word itself — since the 17th century. It comes from the French crayon, "pencil."
WORD FAMILY
crayon: crayoned, crayoning, crayons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dennis Crayon, whose “That Which Was Once Whole” is at the Art League Gallery, is of the latter group.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Items collected for patients at Baptist East include coloring books, crayons, stuffed animals and bubbles.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
We prepare food in advance, put away our phones, pack up the crayons, turn off our screens and leave our cars parked in the garage.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 彩色蜡笔或粉笔
vt. & vi. 用彩色蜡笔[粉笔]画
时态：crayoned, crayoning, crayons
分布：蜡笔(78%)，蜡笔画(17%)，以蜡笔作画(5%)
→来自拉丁词creta, 粉笔，石灰，见Cretaceous, 白垩纪。
彩色粉笔(cray,拉丁文粉笔之意)"[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】canyon（n 峡谷）：用crayon画canyonc，ray光线，on上：想象一下纸上发出七色光的感觉－彩笔
US [-ɑ:n] noun countable
■a small stick of coloured wax used for drawing or writing 彩色蜡笔
• wax crayons 蜡笔
• children's crayons 儿童蜡笔
UK ['kreɪ.ɒn] US [-ɑ:n] verb intransitive or transitive UK
■to draw something with a crayon 用蜡笔画
• When I left her she was busy crayoning. 我离开时她正忙着用蜡笔画画。
n. [轻] 蜡笔，有色粉笔
 - pastels

Word: baton
Front: baton
['bætɒn] (宝 10811/12650 -1)
Vocabulary: baton
(once / 2335 pages)
n
A baton is the small stick or rod, like the one that an orchestra conductor uses to direct musicians. A conductor's baton is often made of lightweight wood.
There are several types of batons, all of them some kind of stick or club. A relay runner carries and passes a metal or wooden baton to the next runner, and a baton twirler in a parade spins and throws a long, metal baton in the air as she marches. Police officers carry batons as well, heavy sticks that can be used as weapons. This is the original meaning of baton, from the Latin bastum, "stout staff."
WORD FAMILY
baton: batons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Baton Rouge police said Asha Davis was found at the residence on Mohican Prescott Crossover around 8:30 p.m.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
About a week later, a gunman in Baton Rouge killed three officers.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （警察武器）警棍; （乐队指挥用的）指挥棒; 接力棒
分布：指挥棒(40%)，接力棒(25%)，警棍(25%)，权杖(9%)，短棍(1%)
→来自法语。bat, 马鞍，同bast. 可能指赶马的棍子，后指警棍。
棍,警棍(bat+on)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
指挥棒(bat打＋on,原指警察打人的警棍)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】bat打，蝙蝠，on上－打的东西，或者记：蝙蝠落在警棍上
US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐
■a stick used by a conductor (= person who controls the performance of a group of musicians) to show the speed of the music （乐队指挥用的）指挥棒
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
SPORT 体育
■a stick that is passed from one runner to another in a relay race 接力棒
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
MARCHING 行进
■a hollow metal stick that a majorette or drum major spins and throws while marching （步操时军乐队用的）金属的指挥杖
UK ['bæt.ɒn] US [bə'tɑ:n] noun countable
WEAPON 武器 (UK also truncheon) (US also nightstick)
■a thick heavy stick used as a weapon by police officers 警棍
n. 指挥棒；接力棒；警棍；司令棒
 - night stick, billy club

Word: inhibition
Front: inhibition
[ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃn] (12343/5820 -1)
Vocabulary: inhibition
(once / 6294 pages)
n
When you have inhibitions, you're self-conscious and maybe a little anxious. A shy child at a birthday party might have fun only after abandoning her inhibitions and joining a game of musical chairs.
An inhibition is a force that prevents something from happening—and often comes from you yourself. Shy people are often said to suffer from inhibitions. Some inhibitions are good, such as the one that prevents us from choking the life out of people we dislike. Other inhibitions, like the ones that prevent someone from ever enjoying himself, are not so great.
WORD FAMILY
inhibition: inhibitions+/ inhibit: inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitor, inhibitory, inhibits/ inhibited: uninhibited / inhibitor: inhibitors/ uninhibited: uninhibitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when the frontal brain is affected, the patient loses inhibitions.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In Kenzie’s case, boozing is her way to shed social inhibitions in the aftermath of a rough breakup.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
The 31-year-old from London says he used the drug for more than 10 years to help him to "let go" of body insecurities and inhibitions.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 抑制; 压抑; 禁止
分布：抑制(94%)，禁止(4%)，阻止(1%)，拘谨(1%)
→来自inhibit,抑制，使拘束。
禁止,禁令(inhibit+ion)[hibit=hold,表示"拿住"]
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of embarrassment or worry that prevents you from saying or doing what you want 拘束；顾忌；拘谨
• After a couple of drinks he lost his inhibition and started talking and laughing loudly. 几杯酒下肚后，他肆无忌惮地大声说笑起来。
• She was determined to shed her inhibitions and have a good time. 她决心打消顾虑玩个痛快。
n. [心理] [电子] [通信] 抑制；压抑；禁止
 - checking, control, restraint, suppression, curb

Word: tasting
Front: tasting
[ˈteɪstɪŋ] (12332/22532)
Back: n. 尝味，品尝
v. 尝，品尝，尝到( taste的现在分词 ); 吃; 喝; 浅尝
分布：品尝(90%)，尝味(9%)，动词taste的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
品尝会
Tasting is used in expressions such as wine tasting to refer to a social event at which people try different kinds of the specified drink or food in small amounts.
n. [食品] 品尝，尝味
 - degustation, gustation

Word: admiral
Front: admiral
[ˈædmərəl] (10814/6644 -2)
Vocabulary: admiral
(once / 190 pages)
1n 2n
An admiral is the commander of a fleet. In the navy, admiral is one of the highest ranks.
The military is full of rankings, such as captain, private, major, and corporal. Another is admiral, a ranking specific to the navy. While a captain is in charge of one ship, an admiral leads more than one ship: a bunch of ships, which are called a fleet. There are also a few different types of admirals, such as full admiral and vice admiral. Similarly, Battlestar Galactica’s Commander Adama becomes Admiral Adama as a result of leading more than one ship.
WORD FAMILY
admiral: admirals
USAGE EXAMPLES
But their effort was blocked for more than two years by admirals who were friendly with the contractor, according to officials familiar with the matter.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Volunteers range from generals and admirals to enlisted men and women, who sometimes report for telephone duty in military uniform and a Santa hat.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The detained include more than 168 military generals or admirals, and more than 7,500 police officers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 海军将领; 舰队司令; 旗舰; 渔船队长，商船队长
分布：海军上将(77%)，舰队司令(23%)
→来自阿拉伯语emir, 酋长。后词源俗化为admire的名词形式。
noun countable
■an officer of very high rank in the navy 海军将军；海军上将；舰队司令
• Admiral Nelson 海军上将纳尔逊
n. 海军上将；舰队司令； [军] [船] 旗舰
 - flagship, Pilotide

Word: notwithstanding
Front: notwithstanding
[ˌnɒtwɪθˈstændɪŋ] (研六托 10393/9042 -1)
Vocabulary: notwithstanding
(once / 193 pages)
adv
Notwithstanding means "in spite of something." Your boasts about having memorized the entire textbook and bribing the teacher with apples notwithstanding, you still managed to fail the final exam with flying colors.
You don't have to look too closely at the word to be able to break it into three parts: not- + withstand (to successfully oppose or resist) + the participial ending -ing. In the most literal sense, notwithstanding actually means to successfully oppose or resist. Top-of-the-line wet-traction tires notwithstanding, the car still got stuck in the mud. Notwithstanding works just as well in a more figurative context. His reputation for charm and tact notwithstanding, he offended everyone in the room.
WORD FAMILY
notwithstanding: notwithstandings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s right, over 30,000 settlement units advance notwithstanding the positions in the United States and other countries.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
The bigger problem is that, Tesla-lovers notwithstanding, few people want to buy electric cars.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: prep. 尽管; 虽然
adv. 尽管如此，仍然; 还是
conj. 虽然，尽管
分布：尽管(72%)，虽然(25%)，纵使(3%)
→来自not withstanding,对应拉丁语non obstante,没有障碍。后用于副词虽然，尽管。比较nevertheless,nonetheless.
prep./ad./conj.尽管Hitherto the withering flowers can't withstand the sunshine notwithstanding my care.尽管有我的呵护,这些凋谢的花至今仍经不起阳光.
US [ˌnɑ:t-] formal
preposition adverb
■despite the fact or thing mentioned 尽管
• Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. 尽管遭到一些成员反对，我还是认为我们应该实施该计划。
• Injuries notwithstanding, he won the semi-final match. 尽管身上有伤，他还是在半决赛中获胜。
in spite of, notwithstanding, despite
这组词都有“虽然，尽管”的意思，其区别是：
in spite of: 在这些词中语气最强，可与despite换用，口语或书面语中均可使用。
notwithstanding: 语气最弱，仅表示一种障碍的存在。
despite: 书面用词，指不受某事或某种原因的阻碍，语气轻于in spite of。
adv. 尽管，仍然
 - still, toujours
prep. 尽管，虽然
 - in spite of, in despite of
conj. 虽然
 - although, while, though, as, albeit

Word: self-help
Front: self-help
[ˌselfˈhelp] (-1)
Back: n. 自助，自立; 自救行为
分布：自助(84%)，自助的(11%)，自立(4%)，自立的(1%)
adjective noun uncountable
■the activity of providing what you need for yourself and others with similar experiences or difficulties without going to an official organization 自助（的）；自救（的）
• It is a group providing self-help for single parents. 这是一个为单亲父母提供自助的团体。
• [before noun] self-help groups 自助小组
adj. 自助的
 - buffet

Word: stoop
Front: stoop
[stu:p] (研四六雅宝 10380/8992 -1)
Vocabulary: stoop
(once / 250 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
Stoop means to lean your head and torso forward and down. If you're six feet tall and you tour a historical building, you'll have to stoop to get through the low doorways.
Stoop comes from the same root as steep. You can stoop to clear a doorway, or stoop metaphorically, by lower your morals. If you used to be an honest garbageman but now haul "garbage" for the mafia, you have "stooped to their level." If you slouch and droop, you're stooping. When owls quickly descend on their prey, that's also called stooping. Stoop is also the term for the stairs leading up to a front entrance of a house.
VOCABULARY SHOUT-OUT
Thanks, Taylor Swift, for the New York City Vocab
As our culture becomes more homogenized, regional language distinctions fade away. But many are still out there, and they're still fun.
Case in point: Taylor Swift's video on New York City-specific vocab, made for NYCGO's "Welcome 2 New York" campaign. The video introduces terms like bodega, the non-Texas-style pronunciation of Houston Street ("How-ston"), Soho, Noho, and stoop, which Swift compares to what Southerners would call a porch.
Swift's video doesn't get into etymology, but if it did, she might have noted that stoop derives from a Dutch word. Its presence in a New Yorker's vocabulary is a legacy of the original Dutch occupation of Manhattan island, much in the way streams in the area are often referred to by the Dutch word kill, as in the Catskill State Park.
Of course, New Englanders would call that same stream a brook, just as Pittsburghers might call a shopping cart a buggy, Pacific Northwesterners might call something expensive spendy, and someone living in New Orleans might refer to a sidewalk as a banquette and a toilet as a commode. Regional peculiarities don't stop there. What do you say: Faucet or spigot? Jimmies or sprinkles? Hoagie, hero, grinder, or wedge? Tennis shoes or sneakers? Soda, pop, tonic, or soft drink? Chances are, your preference has to do with nothing but the ground you're standing on.
Perhaps Swift will continue this foray into dialectology, digging up and pontificating on regionalisms wherever she goes. We offer her this list of truly unusual examples of regional dialect we pulled from the Dictionary of American Regional English. Check out the list for yourself, and then, if you have a favorite regionalism you haven't seen here, let us know what it is by leaving a comment below!
WORD FAMILY
stoop: stooped, stooper, stooping, stoops+/stooper: stoopers/stooping: stoopingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only real blemish on Stoops’ coaching resume?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Added Sooners defensive coordinator Mike Stoops, “Pettway is obviously a big part of what they do.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He said he finalized his decision Friday and told coach Mark Stoops after the game, a 33-18 loss to Georgia Tech.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 门廊，游廊; 自贬; 弯腰，驼背; 屈服
vt. & vi. 屈服，忍辱; 弯腰; 倾斜; 自贬
时态：stooped, stooping, stoops
分布：弯腰(53%)，屈尊(19%)，屈服(13%)，佝偻(8%)，俯冲(5%)，降格(2%)
→来自古英语 stupian,弯腰，俯身，来自 Proto-Germanic*stup,弯腰，来自 steup,扩大形式 自 steu,推，击，打，词源同 steep,type.引申诸相关词义。
v.弯腰,俯身n.弯腰,曲背The troop's stoop on the loop became the top topic at the bus stop.部队在环行道上的屈服在公共汽车站成了头等话题.
【记】读音像stupid的前边－stoop自己的人有点儿stupid。
verb intransitive
■to bend the top half of the body forward and down 俯身，弯腰
• The doorway was so low that we had to stoop to go through it. 门道太低，我们不得不弯下腰进去。
• Something fell out of her coat pocket and she stooped down and picked it up. 有个东西从她大衣口袋里掉了出来，她俯下身捡起来。
■If someone stoops, their head and shoulders are always bent forwards and down 佝偻，弓背
• He's over six feet tall, but the way he stoops makes him look shorter. 他身高超过六英尺，但他弓着背，显得矮了一些。
[stu:p] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stoop to sth disapproving
■to lower your moral standards by doing something which is unpleasant, dishonest or unfair 卑鄙到做…的地步，堕落到做…的地步
• I don't believe she would ever stoop to bribery or blackmail. 我不相信她会堕落到行贿和勒索的地步。
• [+ -ing verb] He was amazed that a reputable firm would stoop to selling the names of their clients to other companies. 他很惊讶一家声誉卓著的公司竟会堕落到把客户的名单出卖给其他公司。
[stu:p] noun
STEPS 台阶
countable US
■a raised flat area in front of the door of a house, with steps leading up to it 门廊，门阶
• She got home to find the kids sitting on the stoop waiting for her. 她回到家，发现孩子们正坐在门廊上等她。
[stu:p] noun
BEND 弯曲
only singular
■when someone stands or walks with their head and shoulders bent slightly forwards and down 驼背，弓背
• He is a tall man with a slight stoop. 他是个高个子，有点驼背。
bend, stoop
这组词都有“弯腰，弯曲”的意思，其区别是：
bend: 指人指物皆可，含义广，指任何弯曲的动作。可引申作屈从解。
stoop: 通常用于人，指屈膝降低身体高度或低头弯腰。常引申作屈从或不顾尊严。
vi. 弯腰；屈服；堕落
 - succumb, to surrender
n. 弯腰，屈背；屈服
 - waist bends, yieldance
vt. 辱没，堕落；俯曲
 - go to the bowwows, go to the deuce

Word: predicted
Front: predicted
[priˈdiktid] (12346/14527)
Back: v. 预言，预测，预示( predict的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：预测(71%)，预言(14%)，预知(9%)，预报(6%)
VERB
预言；预测；预告
If you predict an event, you say that it will happen.
例：The latest opinion polls are predicting a very close contest...最近的民意测验预测竞争将会非常激烈。
例：He predicted that my hair would grow back 'in no time'...他预言我的头发“一眨眼”就会长回来。
v. 预计（predict的过去分词）；预示
 - signed

Word: raccoon
Front: raccoon
[rəˈku:n] (12300/46819)
Vocabulary: raccoon
(once / 6321 pages)
n
A raccoon is a mammal with dextrous, hand-like front paws and dark markings on its face that look like a mask. You might see a raccoon trying to get into your trash at night, looking for a midnight snack.
Raccoons live in North and Central America, and they're commonly found in urban areas. They're known for their rascally nocturnal nature, since they can use their paws to open trashcan lids and often nest in people's attics. Raccoons can also carry rabies, and they hiss loudly when threatened. More charmingly, they also use their hands for washing and holding food — the Algonquian root of raccoon, arahkunem, means "he scratches with his hands."
WORD FAMILY
raccoon: raccoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it sat idle for months, the dirt-covered floor of the foundry became home to deer, raccoons and snakes.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It was about a raccoon and an alligator.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
The labelling held no clues, but a closer look at the small print in the online product description revealed it was raccoon fur.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 浣熊; 浣熊毛皮
分布：浣熊(97%)，浣熊的毛皮(3%)
→来自北美印第安土著语 arahkun,浣熊。拼写被俗化。
(also racoon) [ræk'u:n/ (mainly US informal coon)
noun countable
■a small North American animal with black marks on its face and a long tail with black rings on it 浣熊（产于北美洲）
n. 浣熊；浣熊毛皮
 - racoon, coon

Word: insidious
Front: insidious
[ɪnˈsɪdiəs] (六托宝 12333/13916 -1)
Vocabulary: insidious
(once / 1884 pages)
adj
If something is slowly and secretly causing harm, it's insidious — like the rumors no one seems to listen to until suddenly someone's reputation is ruined.
Insidious is related to the Latin noun, īnsidiae meaning "ambush" which comes from the Latin verb, īnsidēre "to lie in wait for." This is very fitting as an insidious rumor or problem is one whose negative effect is not realized until the damage is already done. Similarly, an insidious disease develops internally without symptoms, so that you don't realize right away that you are sick.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
insidious / invidious
Neither insidious nor invidious are happy words: insidious describes something that lies in wait to get you, and invidious is something offensive or defamatory. Cancer can be insidious, lurking in your body without your knowing it. Invidious doesn't hide; it's hateful right away.
Insidious didn't fall too far from the tree – it comes directly from the Latin word insidiosus meaning "deceitful, cunning, artful," from insidiae  "plot, snare, ambush."  Something insidious can even be attractive while doing harm, like an insidious plot to befriend your crush's girlfriend, so you can break them up. But often it's not attractive, just sneaky:
Storms like Agnes and Irene are insidious, often striking slowly over time in ways that can be unpredictable and far more damaging than anticipated. (Salon)
An insidious new email virus infiltrated high-profile US companies Thursday. (Toronto Star)
Rather, it is the insidious silence and insensitivity that surrounds so many of the most excruciating diseases of the mind that so often trigger suicide. (CNN)
Invidious comes from the Latin for ill will or envy. Some bouncers probably love the invidious task of not letting good-looking people into their clubs. It's often paired with segregation, but other things can be invidious as well:
Arnold is in an invidious position, and has tried to create a very different type of museum on the proverbial shoestring. (New York Times)
"After an old-fashioned, all-round team performance ... it might seem invidious to single out one player," admits the paper before singling out one player. (Guardian)
The cheap shots against the Democrats and Obama at the beginning were unnecessary and invidious. (Washington Post)
Joining the cheerleading squad so you can poison the football team is insidious. Yelling, "Teams like yours always lose!" at the game is invidious.
WORD FAMILY
insidious: insidiouser, insidiously, insidiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whiteness is default, it’s ubiquitous and it’s insidious.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
But how about the more insidious institutional prejudice?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
That’s why attacking the settlements’ legality—as opposed to questioning whether they’re prudent—is so insidious.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐伏的，潜在的; 暗中为害的; 阴险的; 狡猾的
分布：阴险的(57%)，隐伏的(21%)，暗中为害的(19%)，诱人上当的(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-sid,坐，词源同sit,sedentary.即坐在里边的，引申词义潜伏的。
阴险的(in内+sid+ious→坐在内部的[坏人]→阴险的)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
【记】in里面，sid坐，ious－坐在公司内部的知情人insider才容易暗中阴险的害人。
【参】assiduous（adj 刻苦的；勤勉的）；preside（v 主持）
adjective
■(of something unpleasant or dangerous) gradually and secretly causing harm 暗中为害的；潜伏的
• High-blood pressure is an insidious condition which has few symptoms. 高血压是一种鲜少症状的潜伏性疾病。
adj. 阴险的；隐伏的；暗中为害的；狡猾的
 - designing, knowing, subtle

Word: white-collar
Front: white-collar
[hwaɪtˈkɔlə] (-1)
Back: adj. 白领阶级的，脑力劳动的
分布：白领阶层的(100%)
US [-'kɑ:.lɚ] adjective [before noun]
■relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental rather than physical effort 白领的，非体力劳动的，脑力劳动的
• white-collar workers/unions 白领工人／工会

Word: engineered
Front: engineered
['endʒɪn'ɪərd] (12365/21776)
Back: [医]设计的，工程监督的
分布：设计的(88%)，工程监督的(6%)，动词engineer的过去式和过去分词形式.(6%)
N-COUNT
工程师；设计师
An engineer is a person who uses scientific knowledge to design, construct, and maintain engines and machines or structures such as roads, railways, and bridges.
N-COUNT
机械修理工;电气修理工；技师
An engineer is a person who repairs mechanical or electrical devices.
例：They send a service engineer to fix the disk drive.他们派出维修人员来修磁盘驱动器。
N-COUNT
（船上的）轮机手
An engineer is a person who is responsible for maintaining the engine of a ship while it is at sea.
VERB
设计制造（车辆、桥梁、建筑物等）
When a vehicle, bridge, or building is engineered, it is planned and constructed using scientific methods.
例：Many of Kuwait's spacious freeways were engineered by W S Atkins.科威特有很多宽阔的高速公路是阿特金斯集团设计建造的。
例：...the car's better designed and engineered rivals.比那款轿车的设计和制造更为精良的竞争车型
VERB
（巧妙或间接地）安排，筹划
If you engineer an event or situation, you arrange for it to happen, in a clever or indirect way.
例：He could stand no more and engineered an escape...他无法再忍受，便策划了出逃。
例：This boom has been engineered by the Chancellor for short-term political reasons.这片繁荣景象是总理为了短期政治利益而精心安排的。
v. 设计；指导（engineer的过去分词）
 - designed, planned, guided, monitored, drafted

Word: correctional
Front: correctional
[kəˈrekʃənl] (12306/42548)
Back: adj. 改正的; 纠正的; 矫正的
分布：修正的(64%)，惩治的(36%)
[kə'rek.ʃən.əl] US formal
adjective
■relating to the punishment and treatment of people who have committed crimes 和（对罪犯的）惩罚、改造有关的
• a correctional program 改造计划
• correctional personnel 教化人员
adj. 矫正的；修正的
 - rectificatory, remedial

Word: rotor
Front: rotor
[ˈrəʊtə(r)] (12358/9366 -1)
Back: n. 轮子，旋转器; 旋翼
分布：水平旋翼(67%)，旋转体(33%)
→缩写自 rotator,来自 rotate,旋转，转动。引申词义机器转子，转动部件等。
旋转体(not+or)[Rot=wheel,表示"轮子,转"]
US ['roʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a part of a machine that spins, especially the device supporting the spinning blades of a helicopter （机器的）转子，旋转件；（尤指直升机的）旋翼
n. [电] [机] [动力] 转子；水平旋翼；旋转体
 - trochanter, rotator

Word: fuss
Front: fuss
[fʌs] (研六雅宝 9325/6428 -2)
Vocabulary: fuss
(once / 581 pages)
1n 2v
If you are making a fuss, settle down! A fuss is a state of excitement, and it's usually about something not worth worrying or "fussing" about.
Most fusses are types of commotion. If someone makes a fuss, they're overexcited and in a tizzy over something, like someone who can't stop asking questions. Another fuss is angrier: you might say "What's the fuss?" if you hear two people yelling at each other. A fuss is also any kind of hubbub or whirlwind of activity, like a huge crowd swarming toward a sale. Parents tend to fuss over their children. Someone who fusses is worrying too much.
WORD FAMILY
fuss: fussed, fusses, fussing, fussy +/fussiness: fussinesses/ fussy: fussier, fussiest, fussily, fussiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One day in the future I’m sure he will understand what all the fuss was about.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Some on Tennyson Street say they don’t understand the fuss over security.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Meanwhile, let’s put the fuss in some context.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 忙乱; 大惊小怪; 大惊小怪的人; 争吵
vi. 忙乱; 大惊小怪; 抱怨
vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧; 使急躁
vt. & vi. 瞎忙一气，过分关心
时态：fussed, fussing, fusses
分布：大惊小怪(71%)，小题大作(15%)，无事自扰(5%)，焦急(4%)，扰乱(2%)，对小事激动(1%)，使焦躁(1%)，强烈不满或争吵(1%)
→词源不详。通常认为来自拟声语，指大惊小怪的人。
n./v.忙乱,大惊小怪There is no need to make such a big fuss over it.没有必要对这件事情大惊小怪吧?
【记】何为大惊小怪？就是过分的注意，设想你的父fu亲ss了，你能一般的注意吗！！！各位中华大孝子们可能不愿意这样背单词，但是背单词是不择手段的，你的父亲今天帮助你背一个单词，是为了你的哈佛、耶鲁，将来回报你父亲的可不只一个单词这么简单吧？
【参】fussy（adj 为琐事而担忧的；过分装饰的；难取悦的）
【区】fuzz（n 细毛；绒毛）
noun
TOO MUCH OF A FEELING 过多的情感
 ADVANCED [S or U]
■a show of anger, worry, lack of satisfaction or excitement, usually one which is greater than the situation deserves 紧张不安；大惊小怪；过分激动
• She made such a fuss when Richard spilt a drop of wine on her blouse! 理查将一滴酒溅在她的衬衫上，她好一阵大惊小怪。
• It's all a fuss about nothing. 这完全是无谓的大惊小怪。
• I don't see what the fuss is about - he seems like a fairly ordinary looking guy to me. 我看不出来为甚么那么激动——在我看来他不过是一个长相普通的家伙。
• We tried to arrange a ceremony with as little fuss as possible. 我们试图安排一个尽可能低调的仪式。
make a fuss of/over sb
■to give someone a lot of attention and treat them well 对（某人）关怀备至；对（某人）体贴入微
• She doesn't see her grandchildren very often so she makes a real fuss of them when she does. 她不怎么经常见到孙子们，所以见到时往往对他们非常宠爱。
[fʌs] noun
ATTENTION 注意
uncountable
■attention given to small matters which are not important （对小事的）焦虑，操心
• The article was entitled 'Making up with the minimum of fuss: a five-minute beauty routine that every busy woman should know'. 这篇文章题目为“费心最少的化妆——每位忙碌女性都应该知道的五分钟日常美容程式”。
[fʌs] verb
GIVE ATTENTION TO 注意
intransitive
■to give too much attention to small matters which are not important, usually in a way which shows that you are worried and not relaxed （为小事）过于烦恼，过度焦虑；过于关注（细节）
• Please, stop fussing - the food's cooking and there's nothing more to do until the guests arrive. 别瞎忙活了——饭正做着，客人们来之前没甚么要做的了。
• It irritates me the way she's always fussing with her hair! 她老是摆弄自己的头发，真让人受不了。
[fʌs] verb
MAKE NERVOUS/ANGRY 使烦扰／生气
transitive US
■to make someone nervous and angry by trying to get their attention when they are very busy 使烦恼；烦扰
• Don't fuss me, honey, I've got a whole pile of work to do. 别烦我，亲爱的，我有一大堆工作要做。
[fʌs] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fuss over sb/sth
■to give someone or something too much attention because you want to show that you like them 过分宠爱；过分关注
• She's always fussing over that son of hers as if he were a little boy. 她总是过分宠爱那个儿子，就好像他还是个小孩子一样。
vi. 小题大作；忙乱；焦燥；焦急；无事自扰
 - make a big deal out of, break a butterfly on the wheel
n. 大惊小怪，大惊小怪的人；小题大作；忙乱
 - alarmism, hoo-ha
vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧
 - trouble, irk

Word: wording
Front: wording
[ˈwɜ:dɪŋ] (雅 12324/6015 -1)
Back: n. 用词，措辞
v. 用词语表达，讲话(word的ing形式)
分布：措词(58%)，语法(28%)，印字(14%)
US ['wɝ:-] noun uncountable
■the choice and meaning of the words used when you say or write something 措词，用词
• Norman agreed that the wording of the advertisement was unnecessarily offensive and it was changed. 诺曼承认广告的措词冒犯性太强，于是便改掉了。
• We don't yet know the exact/precise wording of the agreement. 我们还不知道协议具体是怎么说的。
n. [语] 措辞；用语；语法
 - expression, grammar
v. 用词语表达；讲话（word的ing形式）
 - talking

Word: handlebar
Front: handlebar
[ˈhændlbɑ:(r)] (12357/21690)
Back: n. 手把，八字胡
分布：手把(100%)
N-COUNT
（自行车的）车把，把手
The handlebar or handlebars of a bicycle consist of a curved metal bar with handles at each end which are used for steering.

Word: arson
Front: arson
[ˈɑ:sn] (宝 12326/12533 -1)
Vocabulary: arson
(once / 5071 pages)
n
If you deliberately light logs on fire to roast marshmallows, you have camping skills. If you deliberately set your whole house on fire to collect the insurance money, you've committed arson.
The noun arson comes from the Latin word ardere, meaning "to burn." Arson is the act of setting something on fire for a nefarious purpose, and it is, of course, illegal. If you live in a wildfire risk area, you know that sometimes wildfires are caused by natural causes like lightening, sometimes they're caused accidentally by carelessness, and sadly they're sometimes caused by a deliberate act of arson.
WORD FAMILY
arson: arsonist, arsons+/arsonist: arsonists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He says he isn’t sure what role each played in the arsons that destroyed barns, at least two houses and other structures.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That man was charged with arson, but police are continuing to investigate the deaths, a department spokesman said.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Gary fire officials said this week the fire was arson.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 纵火（罪）; 纵火; （故意）放火
分布：纵火(86%)，纵火罪(14%)
→来自词根ard, 火，燃烧。
纵火(ars=ard)[ard=burn(燃烧)]
【记】读：啊son，别再放火了！
【参】ardent（adj 热情的）；arsonist（n 纵火犯）
【记】源于arsenal。军械场里的枪呀，炮呀的就是用来纵火、放火的。
US ['ɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the crime of intentionally starting a fire in order to damage or destroy something, especially a building （尤指针对建筑物的）纵火（罪），放火（罪）
• A cinema was burnt out in north London last night. Police suspect arson. 昨晚伦敦北部一家戏院被焚毁，警方怀疑有人纵火。

Word: fiddle
Front: fiddle
[ˈfɪdl] (11650/8776 -1)
Vocabulary: fiddle
(once / 591 pages)
1nv 2v 3v 4v
A fiddle is the same thing as a violin. The instrument, which has strings and is played with a bow, is more likely to be called a fiddle when it's used to play traditional or folk tunes, rather than classical music.
Fiddle music is typically written for dancing, and it comes from backgrounds as diverse as Scotland, Eastern Europe, and the Cajun and Zydeco traditions from Louisiana. To play the fiddle is to fiddle, and when you mess or play around with something, you also fiddle: "Do you have to fiddle with your pen while I'm talking?" Someone who's "fit as a fiddle" is in perfect health.
WORD FAMILY
fiddle: fiddled, fiddler, fiddles, fiddling+/fiddler: fiddlers/fiddling: fiddlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the perfect Garcon moment: a quotidian announcement in which he played second fiddle to someone else.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Some see Moscow playing Trump like a fiddle.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Mutharika was "fit as a fiddle" and holding important meetings in the US, his spokesman insisted.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 小提琴; [航]桌面柜; 〈非〉胡扯，无聊; 欺诈，欺骗行为
vi. 拉小提琴; 神经质地摆弄手指或手; 瞎搞，胡混; 干预，篡改
vt. 用提琴演奏（乐曲）; 欺诈，欺骗; 伪造
时态：fiddled, fiddling, fiddles
分布：小提琴(65%)，摆弄(15%)，拉小提琴(9%)，浪费(7%)，骗局(4%)
→词源有争议。来自拉丁语vitula, 管弦乐器，词源同violin, 来自罗马欢乐和胜利女神Vitula.引申词义不停摆弄。
verb
CHEAT 欺骗
transitive informal
■to act dishonestly in order to get something for yourself, or to change something dishonestly, especially to your advantage （尤指为个人利益而）用诡计获得，篡改，伪造
• She managed to fiddle a free trip to America. 她想办法骗取了一趟去美国的免费旅行。
• He had been fiddling the accounts/books/finances for years. 多年来他一直在伪造账目／账簿／财务状况。
['fɪd.l] verb
MOVE ABOUT 四处移动
intransitive
■to move things about or touch things with no particular purpose 无目的地拨弄（或摆弄）
• Put your papers down and stop fiddling! 把档放下，不要乱摆弄！
['fɪd.l] verb
INSTRUMENT 乐器
intransitive informal
■to play the violin 拉小提琴
['fɪd.l] verb
fiddle while Rome burns
■to enjoy yourself or continue working as normal and not give any attention to something important and unpleasant that is happening that you should be taking action to prevent 不管不问；漠不关心（对应当采取行动阻止的重要或不愉快事情不予关心，继续如常玩乐工作）
• Environmentalists claimed governments were fiddling while Rome burned. 环保主义者称政府大事不管管小事。
['fɪd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fiddle about/around disapproving
■to spend time doing small things which are not important or necessary 瞎混；虚度光阴
• I was just fiddling around in the kitchen. 我只是在厨房随便做点甚么打发时间。
['fɪd.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fiddle (about/around) with sth
■to make small changes to something to try to make it work 拨弄；摆弄
• Stop fiddling about with your hair - it looks fine. 别再摆弄你的头发了，看起来挺好的。
• Someone's been fiddling around with my computer! 有人动过我的电脑！
■to touch or move things with your fingers because you are nervous or bored （因紧张或无聊而）用手指拨弄（或摆弄）
• He was just fiddling around with the things on his desk. 他只是摆弄着他桌子上的东西。
['fɪd.l] noun
INSTRUMENT 乐器
countable informal
■a violin 小提琴
• to play the fiddle 拉小提琴
['fɪd.l] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
only singular UK informal
■something difficult to do, especially because the things involved are small or need careful use of the fingers （需要用手的）精细工作，难事
• I find threading a needle a terrible fiddle. 我觉得穿针是件难事。
• [+ to infinitive] It's a real fiddle to assemble because of all the small parts. 这些零件太小，装配起来确实是件难事。
['fɪd.l] noun
DISHONEST BEHAVIOUR 不诚实的行为
countable or uncountable mainly UK informal
■something dishonest which someone does in order to get money or other advantages （为获得金钱或其他利益而做）不诚实的行为
• a tax fiddle 偷税行为
• Everyone suspected they were on the fiddle (= cheating). 大家都怀疑他们在搞欺诈。
n. 小提琴
 - violin
vi. 瞎搞；拉小提琴
 - play the violin
vt. 虚度时光；拉小提琴
 - play the violin

Word: mountainous
Front: mountainous
[ˈmaʊntənəs] (高六宝 12342/14181 -1)
Back: adj. 多山的; 巨大的; 山一般的
分布：多山的(97%)，如山一般的(3%)
→来自mountain,高山，山地，-ous,形容词后缀。即多山的。
多山的;巨大的(mountain山+ous)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
多山的(mountain山)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
US [-tən.əs] adjective
■having a lot of mountains 多山的；有山的
• a mountainous region 多山的地区
■very big 巨大如山的
• mountainous waves 排山倒海的巨浪
adj. 多山的；巨大的；山一般的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: versatility
Front: versatility
[ˌvɜ:sə'tɪlətɪ] (12349/15333)
Vocabulary: versatility
(once / 4083 pages)
n
The word versatility describes having many different skills or qualities. Versatility allows you to adapt to many different situations. Your versatility in sports means that you can play soccer, tennis, and basketball.
The noun versatility derives from the Latin word versatilis, meaning "turning, revolving, moving, capable of turning to varied subjects or tasks." Companies seek employees who have versatility so they can adapt to different work situations. A soccer player with versatility can play forward, defense, and goal keeper exceptionally well. A master chef's versatility means she has extensive knowledge of French, American bistro, Italian, and Spanish cuisine.
WORD FAMILY
versatility: versatilities+/ versatile: versatilely, versatility
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some doctors remain skeptical about whether a cheaper scope will provide the high-quality images and versatility they need to diagnose and treat patients effectively.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“One thing that Browning doesn’t get enough credit for is his versatility,” Allen said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Surveys show that foreign visitors are universally impressed with the cleanliness and versatility of Japan’s public toilets.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 多才多艺; 多用途; 可转动性; 易变
分布：多功能(60%)，多才多艺(25%)，多样性(15%)
多才多艺[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
ADJ-GRADED
有多种技能的;多才多艺的
If you say that a person is versatile, you approve of them because they have many different skills.
例：He had been one of the game's most versatile athletes.他是这项运动中技术最全面的运动员之一。
ADJ-GRADED
有多种用途的;多功能的
A tool, machine, or material that is versatile can be used for many different purposes.
例：Never before has computing been so versatile.计算机的用途从没像现在这么广泛过。
例：...a versatile blue chambray skirt.多用途的蓝条纹裙子
n. 多功能性；多才多艺；用途广泛
 - multifunctionality

Word: unarmed
Front: unarmed
[ˌʌnˈɑ:md] (12344/13975 -1)
Back: adj. 未武装的; 徒手的; <动>（昆虫）无突的
v. 缴械，放下武器( unarm的过去式和过去分词)
分布：徒手的(62%)，无武器的(22%)，无刺的(16%)
US [-'ɑ:rmd] adjective
■not armed 徒手的，不带武器的；非武装的
adj. [军] 没有武装的；无武器的
 - armless

Word: mop
Front: mop
[mɒp] (高六 12312/11184 -1)
Vocabulary: mop
(once / 1660 pages)
1nv 2v
A mop is a tool for cleaning a floor. Most mops have a long handle and a sponge or bundle of absorbent strings on one end. If someone says that your hair looks like a mop, that's not a compliment.
When you use a mop, you mop the floor. Mops can be used dry, but more often they're dunked in a soapy bucket of water before they mop the floor. You can also "mop up" a mess or a spill, even if you're using a cloth, a sponge, or a paper towel instead of a mop. The earliest mops were used to clean ships' decks, and the word comes from the Latin mappa, "napkin."
WORD FAMILY
mop: mopped, mopper, mopping, mops+/mopper: moppers/mopping: moppings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are so few staff that Studdard, the superintendent, helps scrape food from lunch trays and mop the bathroom floors.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Hopefully, at that point they will be just mopping up.”
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“This is the room where they used me as a human mop,” he said.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 用拖把拖; 擦拭
vi. 用拖把拖; 擦拭; 搭拉着脸
n. 拖把; 蓬松的头发; 鬼脸
时态：mopped, mopping, mops
分布：拖把(73%)，用拖把拖(13%)，擦拭(9%)，拖把状物(5%)
→来自拉丁语nappa,抹布，布料，词源同map,napkin,apron.引申词义拖把。
US [mɑ:p] noun countable
■a stick with soft material fixed at one end, especially used for washing floors or dishes 拖把；洗碗刷
• a floor mop 地板拖把
• a dish mop 洗碗刷
UK [mɒp] US [mɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
■to use a mop to wash something 用拖把拖洗
• He mopped the bathroom floor. 他拖了浴室地板。
■to use a cloth to remove sweat from the face 擦去（脸上的）汗水
• He kept pausing to mop his brow. 他不断停下来擦去额头的汗水。
UK [mɒp] US [mɑ:p] verb transitive (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mop sth up
CLEAN
■to use a cloth or a mop to remove liquid from the surface of something （用布或拖把）吸干净；用拖把擦去
• There's milk on the floor over there - could you get a cloth and mop it up? 那边地板上有牛奶——你能拿块布把它擦干净吗？
FINISH [M] informal
■to finish dealing with something 结束，完成
• It took a week to mop up the last of the enemy soldiers (= defeat them). 彻底消灭敌军残部花了一个星期。
scrub, clear, clean, dust, wipe, mop, sweep
这组词都有“使干净”的意思，其区别是：
scrub: 指用硬刷、肥皂或水用力地擦洗某物。
clear: 指清除不要的东西。
clean: 是这些动词中最常用的词，指将某物或某处的污物等清除掉，弄干净。
dust: 指将积落在物体表面的尘土抹去、掸掉或擦去以保干净。
wipe: 多指用布、纸等物把东西擦净，也指擦掉某物。
mop: 侧重指用拖把擦洗地板，有时也指擦干净或擦去。
sweep: 指用扫帚等进行清扫，也用作比喻。
vi. 用拖把擦洗地板；扮鬼脸
 - make faces, pull faces
n. 拖把；蓬松的头发；鬼脸
 - Mops, swabber

Word: paradoxical
Front: paradoxical
[ˌpærə'dɒksɪkl] (研 12379/12338)
Vocabulary: paradoxical
(once / 2811 pages)
adj
“You have to spend money to make money.” That’s a paradoxical statement used by people in business, and it seems to say two opposite things that contradict each other, but if you think about it, it’s actually kind of true.
Paradoxical is an adjective that describes a paradox, something with two meanings that don’t make sense together. Its Greek roots translate to “contrary opinion,” and when two different opinions collide in one statement or action, that’s paradoxical. In Shakespeare’s play "Hamlet," Hamlet’s mother marries the man who killed Hamlet’s father, but she doesn’t know it. As Hamlet plots to kill the murderer to protect his mother, he says this paradoxical phrase: “I must be cruel to be kind.”
WORD FAMILY
paradoxical: paradoxically+/ paradox: paradoxes, paradoxical
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this paradoxical state, we are so much more connected and alone at the same time.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
It’s a paradoxical moment in the history of the death penalty in the United States.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
It remains one of the great texts of American journalism: ironically, it gains an extra and paradoxical credibility from being un-fact-checked and unmediated.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 矛盾的; 反常的，荒谬的; 反论的，反面议论的; 似非而是的
分布：似是而非的 矛盾的 诡论的(100%)
【反】common（adj 共同的；普通的）
ADJ-GRADED
自相矛盾的；似矛盾而（可能） 正确的
If something is paradoxical, it involves two facts or qualities which seem to contradict each other.
例：Some sedatives produce the paradoxical effect of making the person more anxious...一些镇静剂适得其反，加重了患者的焦虑。
例：We were a team of individuals — as paradoxical as that sounds.我们是一个保持了个体的团队——尽管这听起来自相矛盾。
paradoxical, incompatible
paradoxical: 似乎矛盾的，似是而非的
incompatible: 不兼容的，不协调的
adj. 矛盾的；诡论的；似非而是的
 - contradictory, conflictive

Word: concealed
Front: concealed
[kən'si:ld] (12327/11525)
Vocabulary: concealed
(once / 225 pages)
adj
If something's concealed, it's out of sight. People may have concealed motives for carrying concealed weapons.
This is a word for the many things people like to hide. If the government has a secret agenda, they have a concealed agenda they don't want anyone to know. Magicians use many concealed objects and people to do their tricks. Someone might win a poker game because they concealed their emotions. A concealed ace up your sleeve will help too. Once something is revealed—like an affair or a scandal—it's no longer concealed.
WORD FAMILY
concealed: concealedly, unconcealed+/ conceal: concealed, concealing, concealment, conceals/concealing: concealingly, concealings/ concealment: concealments/unconcealed: unconcealedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Pratt also vouched for the concealed carry legislation from Rep. Richard Hudson, the North Carolina Republican who introduced the bill in the House.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
People are either concealed in shadow or seen at some distance, as lonely silhouettes in a big, uncaring land.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
A bill allowing for the carrying of concealed weapons on school grounds was expected to return.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 隐藏的
v. 隐藏，隐瞒，遮住( conceal的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：隐蔽的(51%)，隐藏的(43%)，动词conceal的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
VERB
掩盖;隐藏
If you conceal something, you cover it or hide it carefully.
例：Frances decided to conceal the machine behind a hinged panel...弗朗西斯决定把机器藏在带铰链的嵌板的后面。
例：Five people were arrested for carrying concealed weapons.5人因身上藏有武器被捕。
VERB
隐瞒（信息);掩饰(感情)
If you conceal a piece of information or a feeling, you do not let other people know about it.
例：Robert could not conceal his relief...罗伯特无法掩饰自己如释重负的心情。
例：She knew at once that he was concealing something from her.她马上知道了他有事瞒着她。
VERB
掩盖;遮住
If something conceals something else, it covers it and prevents it from being seen.
例：...a pair of carved Indian doors which conceal a built-in cupboard...嵌入式壁橱上的一对印度雕花门
例：The hat concealed her hair.帽子遮住了她的头发。
adj. 隐蔽的，隐匿的
 - secluded, dormant

Word: purposely
Front: purposely
[ˈpɜ:pəsli] (12353/18445)
Back: adv. 故意地，蓄意地
分布：故意地(100%)
US ['pɝ:-] adverb
■intentionally 故意地
• The trial has been purposely delayed. 审判被刻意延期了。
• I purposely avoid making train journeys during the rush hour. 我有意避开在巅峰时段搭火车。
adv. 故意地；蓄意地
 - deliberately, intentionally

Word: overtime
Front: overtime
[ˈəʊvətaɪm] (研四六托 8317/9766 -1)
Vocabulary: overtime
(once / 1638 pages)
nadv
Overtime is the amount of time you work beyond your regular hours. If your boss asks you to work over 40 hours one week, that's overtime and you should demand extra pay.
You can use this word as a noun or an adjective, as in overtime pay or overtime hours. At some workplaces, working overtime earns you more than the normal hourly salary. In other cases, full time employees are expected to work overtime without any extra pay. In sports, overtime is when play goes longer than the usual time — more than nine innings in a baseball game, or more than a twenty-minute half in basketball, for example.
WORD FAMILY
overtime: overtimes+/mistime: mistimed, mistimes, mistiming/ time: mistime, overtime, timed, timeless, timely, timer, times, timing/timed: ill-timed, timedly/ timeless: timelessly, timelessness/ timely: timelier, timeliest, timelily, timeliness, untimely /timer: timers/times: timeses/timing: timings/ untimely: untimeliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vikings held on for an overtime win against Langley Wednesday at the Governor’s Challenge, to rebound from last Tuesday’s 66-53 loss to McDonogh.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Indians held a lead for all but the last minute of regulation, according to Walker, and lost their edge in the overtime period.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A Preston Parks 3 for the Bulldogs tied the game at 91 with 1:14 left and forced the overtime period.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 超出的时间，额外的时间; 加班; 加时赛; 加班费
adv. 超时地; 加班地
v. 使历时过久; 使（曝光等）超过时间
分布：名词(99%)，副词(1%)
→over-,超过，time,时间。即超时，引申词义加时，加时赛。
a.超时的,加班的ad.加班Primarily, the prime criminal's crime has nothing to do with lime and overtime.首犯的犯罪基本上与石灰和加班无关.
US ['oʊ.vɚ-] adverb noun uncountable
■(time spent working) after the usual time needed or expected in a job 加班，加班时间；加班加点地
• They're doing/working overtime to get the job finished on time. 他们加班以准时完成这项工作。
• Everyone is on overtime (= being paid extra for working after the usual time) this weekend. 这个周末大家都有加班费。
US for * extra time
UK ['əʊ.və.taɪm] US ['oʊ.vɚ-] noun uncountable
■extra payment for working after the usual time 加班费
• You can earn some overtime by working after 6.00 p.m. 你可以工作到六点以后，赚点加班费。
n. [劳经] 加班时间；延长时间
 - extension of time

Word: clone
Front: clone
[kləʊn] (中高研 9023/7440 -1)
Vocabulary: clone
(once / 3773 pages)
nv
A clone is an organism that's genetically identical to another organism. The clone of a sheep has the exact same DNA as the original sheep.
While most people are fascinated with the idea of identical clones of animals — or even humans — it's much more common for a biologist to create clones of individual cells or molecules for experimental and other scientific uses. You can also describe someone as a clone if they act or look uncannily like another person: "Your cousin is totally your clone." The word clone was first used in botany, the science of plants, from the Greek klon, "twig."
WORD FAMILY
clone: clonal, cloned, clones, cloning+/cloning: clonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, in key positions like quarterback and running back, Alabama uses practice clones who don’t play for Alabama—at least not anymore.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Host Josh Gates descends into a sinkhole in Siberia looking for the frozen DNA to help clone a woolly mammoth in tonight’s episode.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the best tradition of the tech industry, Facebook is cloning features offered by rivals to stay on top of the social-networking pyramid.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （动植物的）克隆; 无性繁殖系; 复制人（或动植物）; （不动脑筋）机械行事的人，机器人
vt. & vi. 克隆，（使某物）无性繁殖; 把…培养为纯种细胞; 复制
时态：cloned, cloning, clones
分布：克隆(81%)，复制(14%)，无性繁殖(3%)，复制品(2%)
→来自kel,切，砍，词源同gladiator,cleave.来自植物学术语，本指切下来用于插扦的小枝， 嫩枝，后指无性繁殖，克隆。
n.无性繁殖,克隆;复制品v.克隆
US [kloʊn] noun countable
■a plant or animal which has the same genes as the original from which it was produced （动植物的）无性繁殖，克隆，复制
■informal disapproving
■someone or something that looks very much like someone or something else 复制品；酷似的人（或物）；…的翻版
• Most people saw her as just another blond-haired, red-lipped Marilyn Monroe clone. 很多人把她看作金发红唇的玛丽莲‧梦露的翻版。
■specialized
■a computer that operates in a very similar way to the one that it was copied from （电脑的）克隆机，仿制机，相容机
UK [kləʊn] US [kloʊn] verb transitive
■to create a clone of a plant or animal 克隆，使无性繁殖，复制
• Scientists have already cloned a sheep. 科学家已经复制出一只羊。
• Experiments to try to clone human embryos have met with hostility from some sections of the public. 尝试复制人类胚胎的实验遭到了部分公众人士的强烈反对。
n. [生物] 克隆； [植] [农学] [遗] 无性系；无性繁殖；靠营养生殖而由母体分离繁殖的植物
 - klon, asexual propagation
vt. [遗] 无性繁殖，复制
 - repeat, to duplicate

Word: indistinguishable
Front: indistinguishable
[ˌɪndɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbl] (12351/11259 -1)
Vocabulary: indistinguishable
(once / 3845 pages)
adj
If you can't tell the difference between two things, they're indistinguishable — they appear the same. Although their parents can tell them apart, identical twins are indistinguishable to most people.
It's easy to see which of two bills is worth twenty dollars and which is Monopoly money, but a professionally counterfeited bill is indistinguishable from a real one. One of the earliest uses of this word was by Shakespeare around 1600, when he gave it the meaning "of indeterminate shape." The definition evolved, first to "not clearly perceived," and then finally to "incapable of being told apart."
WORD FAMILY
indistinguishable: indistinguishability, indistinguishably+/ distinguish: distinguishable, distinguished, distinguishes, distinguishing/ distinguishable: distinguishably, indistinguishable, undistinguishable/ distinguished: distinguishedly, undistinguished/undistinguishable: undistinguishably
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the narrator, his daughter’s death and the end of the world are indistinguishable.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Maybe the Clinton picture represents a new brand of presidential portraiture, for a time when politics and entertainment are indivisible, heroes and rogues indistinguishable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One thing is indistinguishable between the eras—all the winning to start a season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 难区分的，不能分辨的; 不易察觉的; 无特征的
分布：不能区别的(50%)，不易觉察的(30%)，难以理解的(20%)
→in-,不，非，distinguishable,可区分的。
【记】distinguish（v 区别；辨别）
adjective
■impossible to judge as being different when compared to another similar thing 难以区别的，难以分辨的
• These forgeries are so good that they are more or less indistinguishable from the originals. 这些赝品很逼真，几乎没法将它们和真品区分开来。

Word: accumulated
Front: accumulated
[ək'ju:mjʊleɪtɪd] (12345/11405)
Back: adj. [医]蓄积的，累积的
v. 堆积，积累( accumulate的过去式和过去分词 ); （数量）逐渐增加，（质量）渐渐提高
分布：累积的(92%)，动词accumulate的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)
V-ERG
堆积;积累;积聚
When you accumulate things or when they accumulate, they collect or are gathered over a period of time.
例：Households accumulate wealth across a broad spectrum of assets...家庭在以各种各样的资产形式积累财富。
例：Lead can accumulate in the body until toxic levels are reached.铅会在体内积聚直至造成铅中毒。
adj. 累积的；累计的；达到
 - cumulative

Word: refresh
Front: refresh
[rɪˈfreʃ] (高研四六托宝 12356/11300 -1)
Back: vt. 使恢复，使振作; 使焕然一新，翻新; 给（电池）充电
vi. 恢复精神; 补充给养
时态：refreshed, refreshing, refreshes
分布：提神(70%)，提醒(30%)
→re-,再，重新，fresh,新鲜的，有活力的。
v.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复The fresh flesh on the mesh refreshed the dog.网格上的新鲜肉使狗恢复了体力.
【记】re再，fresh新鲜的
【反】disgruntle（v 使不高兴）
verb
FEEL BETTER 好感觉
[T or R]
■to make someone less hot or tired 使凉爽；使恢复精力；使振作精神
• It was such a hot night that I had a cold shower to refresh myself. 那天晚上实在太热，我冲了个凉水澡凉快一下。
[rɪ'freʃ] verb
COMPUTER SCREEN 电脑萤幕
intransitive or transitive
■to make the most recent information on an internet page appear, usually by clicking a button on the computer screen （通常指透过点击电脑萤幕上的按钮来）刷新，更新（网页）
[rɪ'freʃ] verb
refresh sb's memory
■to help someone remember something 提醒（某人）；提示（某人）；使（某人）想起
• I looked the word up in the dictionary to refresh my memory of its exact meaning. 我查了查词典，以便弄清楚这个词的确切意思。
vt. 更新；使……恢复；使……清新；消除……的疲劳
 - renovate, to update
vi. 恢复精神；喝饮料，吃点心；补充给养
 - revive

Word: thyroid
Front: thyroid
[ˈθaɪrɔɪd] (12378/24383 -1)
Back: n. 甲状腺; 甲状软骨; 甲状腺剂; 甲状腺粉
adj. 甲状腺的; 甲状（软骨）的; 盾状的
分布：甲状腺(98%)，甲状腺的(2%)
→来自希腊语 thyreoiedes,盾形的，来自 thyra,门，词源同 door,-eides,形状，形体，即常见后缀 -oid,类。古希腊著名医生 Galan 借用该词用以指甲状腺，因其形如盾甲而得名。
N-COUNT
甲状腺
Your thyroid or your thyroid gland is a gland in your neck that produces chemicals which control the way your body grows and functions.
n. [药] [解剖] 甲状腺；甲状软骨；甲状腺剂
 - hypothyroid, scutum
adj. [药] [解剖] 甲状腺的；盾状的
 - peltate, scutiform

Word: flex
Front: flex
[fleks] (8856/10017 -1)
Vocabulary: flex
(once / 447 pages)
1vn 2v
When you flex something, you bend or contract it. To appear super tough, you might flex your archery bow while flexing your muscles.
Things curve and bend when they flex, whether they're human joints or objects made of a bendable material like plastic or soft wood. Another way to flex is to tense or contract a muscle: "The weightlifter flexes her biceps." Experts suspect that flexible came first, from the Latin root flexibilis, "flexible, pliant, or yielding," and figuratively, "tractable, or easily influenced."
WORD FAMILY
flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure+/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexibility: inflexibilities/ inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sen. Elizabeth Warren is flexing her fundraising muscles on behalf of fellow Senate Democrats as she looks ahead to the 2018 elections.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If not, sparklers or terrible indoor fireworks are a low-cost way for teens and pre-teens to flex their sarcasm muscles.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He is not running with any authority or burst, and should not be considered as anything more than a flex option this week.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 弯曲（关节）; 收缩（肌肉）; 显示力量
n. 弯曲; [电]花线
时态：flexed, flexing, flexes
分布：弯曲(45%)，弹性(19%)，屈曲(14%)，伸缩(12%)，花线(10%)
→来自flexible的回构词。
弯曲[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
verb transitive
■to bend an arm, leg, etc. or tighten a muscle 活动（手臂、腿等）；使（肌肉）绷紧
• First, straighten your legs, then flex your feet. 首先，伸直双腿，接着活动双脚。
• He tried to impress me by flexing his huge muscles. 他绷紧他那些大块的肌肉，想让我注意他。
[fleks] verb transitive
flex your muscles
■to try to worry an opponent by publicly showing military, political or financial power （透过军事、政治或经济实力的展示向对手）显示实力，显示力量
• The parade is the first sign of the new regime flexing its military muscles. 阅兵式是新政权显示其军事实力的第一个信号。
⇒ See also muscle-flexing
[fleks] noun countable or uncountable UK (US cord)
■(a length of) wire with a plastic cover used for connecting a piece of electrical equipment to a supply of electricity （一段）花线，（一段）皮线
• The flex on this iron isn't long enough to reach the socket. 熨斗的电源皮线不够长，接不到插座上。
vt. 折曲；使收缩
 - constringe, shrink
vi. 弯曲；收缩
 - contract, bend
n. 屈曲；电线；松紧带
 - band, buckling

Word: runner-up
Front: runner-up
['rʌnə(r) ʌp] (-2)
Vocabulary: runner-up
(once / 3611 pages)
n
In a competition, the runner-up is usually the person who comes in second place. In the Olympics, an athlete who wins a silver medal can be called a runner-up.
In beauty pageants, there are often first, second, and third-place winners, followed by a runner-up. At the state fair, if your pig gets a blue ribbon and your sister's gets a red one, it means your pig won, and your sister's pig was the runner-up. The earliest use of this word, in the 1840s, was in dog racing.
WORD FAMILY
runner-up: runners-up
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Tigers lost eight starters from last year’s national runner-up team, including five who left early for the NFL draft.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Tide is still seeking its fifth national title in eight years, not a runner-up finish.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But the Tigers, led by Heisman Trophy runner-up Watson, are playing their best when it matters most.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 第二名，亚军; 亚军队
分布：亚军(63%)，第二名(25%)，非冠军获得者(12%)
US [-ɚ'ʌp] (plural runners-up)
noun countable
■a person who comes second in a race or competition 亚军，第二名
n. 亚军，第二名；亚军队
 - second

Word: seduction
Front: seduction
[sɪˈdʌkʃn] (12359/14743)
Vocabulary: seduction
(once / 3293 pages)
n
Use the noun seduction when you're talking about a devious kind of persuasion, in which you cajole or charm someone into going along with your evil plan.
You can also use seduction to mean a romantic attraction, especially if one person sets out to attract the other. The Latin root is seducere, "lead away or lead astray." Originally, seduction only referred to a man enticing a woman into romance, and not the other way around.
WORD FAMILY
seduction: seductions+/ seduce: seduced, seducer, seduces, seducing, seduction /seducer: seducers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, tanking is the pro sports version of the obnoxious seduction technique known as negging.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Tad Szulc, a biographer, called him "Cuba's great master of political seduction."
Reuters(Nov 26, 2016)
I liked this online seduction much more than I imagined I would.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 诱惑; 引诱; 被引诱; 诱惑物
分布：诱惑(70%)，引诱(15%)，诱奸(8%)，勾引(7%)
→seduce,诈骗，诱奸，-ct,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。引申比喻义诱惑力，魅力。
引诱;诱惑力(se+duct+ion)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
noun
ATTRACTING 吸引
countable usually plural
■the attractive quality of something 诱惑力；吸引力；魅力
• The seductions of life in a warm climate have led many Britons to live abroad, especially in Spain. 很多英国人禁不住温暖气候的诱惑，移居海外，尤其是到西班牙。
[sɪ'dʌk.ʃən] noun
PERSUADING 引诱
countable or uncountable
■when someone is persuaded to have sex with someone else, especially someone older or more experienced 引诱；诱惑
• The film depicts Charlotte's seduction by her boss. 电影描述了夏洛特被老板诱奸的经过。
n. 诱惑；魅力；（复数）诱惑物
 - grace, charm

Word: demo
Front: demo
[ˈdeməʊ] (12334/12819 -1)
Vocabulary: demo
(once / 4132 pages)
nv
A demo is what you give to show how something works. You might give a demo of your fancy new espresso machine to your weekend guests, so they'll know how to use it.
Demo is short for demonstrate or demonstration. It can be a verb, as when a tech company demos its new tablet or laptop. It's also a noun: "The demo of that software was pretty interesting." In the music industry, a demo is a practice version of a song, meant to show a record label or music venue what a performer's music sounds like. This meaning's been around since the 1960s, while earlier it meant "a political demonstration."
WORD FAMILY
demo: demoed, demoing, demos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be demoing the final design of a gizmo that lets you control smartphones and tablets with a wave of a hand.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
But before he left, he played the demo version of Careless Whisper on his final night.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Then, this spring, he sent Mike a demo of a song he called “Ocala.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 演示; 示威; 样本唱片; 民主党员
分布：演示(97%)，样本唱片(3%)
US [-oʊ] noun countable (plural demos)
MARCH 行进 UK informal for
■ demonstration (= a political march) 示威游行
• I went on lots of demos as a student. 我在学生时代参加过很多次游行。
UK ['dem.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun countable (plural demos)
EXAMPLE
■an example of a product, especially a computer program or piece of recorded music, given or shown to someone to try to make them buy it 样本；（尤指电脑程式或音乐的）试用版，样带
• a software demo 试用版软体
• A team of music industry figures will select bands and soloists from demo tapes. 一组音乐界业内人士将从样带中挑选乐队和独唱演员。
■informal for
■ demonstration (= when you show people how something works or how to do something) 示范；演示
• a cookery demo 烹饪示范
UK ['dem.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb transitive
■to show something and explain how it works, or to show or produce a demo 演示，展示，示范
• to demo a new piece of software 示范一种新软体
• They've just completed a Christmas single and are also demoing lots of new songs. 他们刚刚完成了一首圣诞节单曲，并且正在试唱很多新歌。
n. 演示；样本唱片；示威；民主党员
 - presentment

Word: horseman
Front: horseman
[ˈhɔ:smən] (12328/10405 -1)
Back: n. 骑手，马术师; 马术运动员; 养马人
分布：骑马者(40%)，马术师(38%)，养马者(22%)
US ['hɔ:rs-] noun countable
■a person who rides a horse, especially someone who rides well 骑手；（尤指）马术师
n. 骑马者；马术师
 - equestrian

Word: transpire
Front: transpire
[trænˈspaɪə(r)] (托 12367/11107 -1)
Vocabulary: transpire
(once / 1868 pages)
1v 2v
Transpire is a fancy way of saying "happen." You might go to a fortune teller to find out what will transpire in the future.
Originally used to express when information became known or came to light, many purists will tell you that's really the best way to use transpire. It can also mean releasing vapor into the air, like when a plant transpires water through its leaves on a hot day. Note: you'll usually encounter this word in its past tense: for example, "We had to watch the replay to figure out what had transpired."
WORD FAMILY
transpire: transpiration, transpired, transpires, transpiring+/ transpiration: transpirations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scent, it transpires, is white tea and thyme.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
“We’re conducting a full review to understand what transpired,” the statement said.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
But it transpires they found one very effective way to relax: Tai Chi.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 蒸发; 泄露; （事情）发生
vt. 使蒸发; 使排出; [医]发汗; （秘密）被泄漏
时态：transpired, transpiring, transpires
分布：蒸发(48%)，排出(26%)，泄露(26%)
→trans-,转变，-spir,呼吸，词源同 spirit,conspire.引申诸相关词义。
泄露(trans交流+spire→互相呼吸→泄露)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
【记】trans传导，spire呼吸：毛孔或气孔散发
【参】transplantation（n 迁移；移民）；transpose（v 颠倒顺序）pose“摆”
US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
BECOME KNOWN 为人所知
intransitive formal
■If it transpires that something has happened, this previously secret or unknown fact becomes known （秘密或未知事实）暴露，公开，为人所知
• [+ that] It may yet transpire that ministers knew more than they are admitting at the moment. 但有一天人们或许会发现，部长当时知道的比他们现在承认的要多。
• As it later transpired, she had known him at school. 后来得知她上学时就认识他。
UK [træn'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
HAPPEN 发生
intransitive formal
■to happen 发生
• No one is willing to predict what may transpire at the peace conference. 没有人愿意预测和平会议上会发生甚么。
UK [træn'spaɪər] US [-'spaɪɚ] verb
LOSE WATER 失去水分
intransitive or transitive specialized
■If a body or plant transpires, it loses water through its surface or skin. （人体或植物）蒸腾，水分蒸发
vi. 发生；蒸发；泄露
 - occur, happen, proceed
vt. 使蒸发；使排出
 - exhale

Word: swinging
Front: swinging
[ˈswɪŋɪŋ] (12341/13773)
Back: adj. 愉快活跃的，多姿多彩的
v. （使）摇摆( swing的现在分词 ); （使）摇荡; （使）旋转; （使）突然转向
分布：摆动的(44%)，活跃的(35%)，性放任的(14%)，动词swing的现在分词.(7%)
→来自 swing,摇摆，摆动，-ing,形容词后缀。引申比喻义活跃的，时髦的。
old-fashioned informal
adjective
■exciting and fashionable 令人兴奋的；时尚的
• It's a nostalgia trip back into the youth culture of the swinging 60s. 这是一趟体验风靡一时的60年代青年文化怀旧之旅。
adj. 活跃的；极好的；多姿多彩的；性放任的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, active, super
adv. 极好地；极大地
 - prime, excellently
v. [铁路] [船] 摇摆（swing的现在分词）；鞭打（swinge的现在分词）
 - wagging

Word: snowflake
Front: snowflake
[ˈsnəʊfleɪk] (托 12400/21644)
Back: n. 雪花，雪片
分布：雪花(89%)，雪片(11%)
US ['snoʊ-] noun countable
■a small piece of snow 雪花，雪片
n. [植] [气象] 雪花；雪片莲；雪巫
 - galanthus nivalis

Word: eighteenth-century

Word: mounted
Front: mounted
[ˈmaʊntɪd] (12354/11365 -2)
Back: adj. 骑在马[自行车]上的; 安装好的; 裱好的
v. 登上，骑上( mount的过去式和过去分词); 增加，上升; 上演; 准备
分布：安装好的(55%)，骑马的(25%)，动词mount的过去式和过去分词.(10%)，已建立的(10%)
→来自mount,骑马，跨上。
骑马的(mount+ed)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [before noun]
■describes soldiers or police officers who ride horses while on duty （士兵或警官）骑马执行任务的
• mounted police officers 骑警
adj. 骑马的；安装好的；裱好的
 - hacking, equestrian

Word: exuberant
Front: exuberant
[ɪgˈzju:bərənt] (托雅宝 12368/14280 -1)
Vocabulary: exuberant
(once / 1959 pages)
adj
Are you feeling really happy and enthusiastic about something? Describe yourself with the adjective exuberant!
Exuberant can be traced back to the same Indo-European root that has brought the word udder. If you picture the plentiful amount of milk a cow can give, it is easy to remember that exuberant always describes something that is abundant or plentiful like exuberant foliage. Abundance also comes into play in its primary use today to mean very enthusiastic, full of energy or overjoyed. When the bell rings on the last day of school, you will be exuberant.
WORD FAMILY
exuberant: exuberantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For there is nothing tentative about “La La Land,” especially concerning its exuberant dance numbers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The opening number, “Another Day of Sun,” is so exuberant and really sets the tone for the film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
From cheap mobile experiences to exuberant desktop machines, if you wanted to dive into a virtual world, there was a way.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 生气勃勃的; （活力）充沛的; 茂盛的，繁茂的; （词藻）过于华丽的，极度的
adv. 生气勃勃地; （活力）充沛地; 茂盛地
分布：繁茂的(60%)，兴高采烈的(20%)，丰富的(20%)
→ex-, 向外。-uber, 乳房，乳汁，词源同udder. 原指多产的，丰富的，引申义兴高采烈的。
茂盛的(ex出+uber果实累累;参考:uberty丰饶)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
茂盛的;多产的[uber=fruitful(果实)]
US [-'zu:.bɚ-] adjective
PEOPLE 人
■(especially of people and their behaviour) very energetic （尤指人或其行为）精力充沛的，热情洋溢的，兴高采烈的
• Young and exuberant, he symbolises Italy's new vitality. 青春年少、意气风发，他代表了义大利朝气勃勃的生力军。
UK [ɪg'zju:.bər.ənt] US [-'zu:.bɚ-] adjective
PLANTS 植物的
■(of plants) strong and growing quickly （植物）茁壮的，茂盛的
adj. 繁茂的；生气勃勃的，充溢的
 - lively, rank

Word: watchful
Front: watchful
[ˈwɒtʃfl] (六 12369/11612 -1)
Vocabulary: watchful
(once / 599 pages)
adj
To be watchful is to be alert and aware. A watchful dog might keep an eye on the sidewalk in front of your house all afternoon.
The adjective watchful is good for describing someone who keeps an attentive eye on things. A watchful teacher, for example, knows immediately when a student is being teased, and a watchful driver is quick to stop for a pedestrian crossing the street. When you're on the lookout, you're being watchful. The word comes from the Middle English waccheful, which used to have an alternate meaning of "wakeful" or "sleepless."
WORD FAMILY
watchful: unwatchful, watchfulest, watchfully, watchfulness+/midwatch: midwatches/unwatchful: unwatchfully/ watch: midwatch, watched, watcher, watches, watchful, watching/watcher: watchers/watchfulness: watchfulnesses/watching: watchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he thinks that, after Trump’s victory, public awareness is up, with many people “looking at ICE with a watchful eye.”
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The only existing written history of the company was composed under the watchful eye of its executives, way back in 1986.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
In August, Solecito began to dig, under the watchful eye of the local police and prosecutor’s office.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 注意的，留心的; 小心提防的，警戒的; <古>不眠的; 惕
分布：警惕的(58%)，注意的(35%)，醒的(7%)
US ['wɑ:tʃ-] adjective
■paying careful attention and ready to deal with problems 警惕的；注意的
• Under the watchful eye of their mother, the two boys played on the shore. 那两个男孩在海滩玩耍，他们的母亲随时看着他们。
• She keeps a watchful eye on her husband to see that he behaves himself. 她密切监视着她丈夫，以确保他举止规矩。
adj. 注意的；警惕的；警醒的
 - observing, vigilant

Word: exertion
Front: exertion
[ɪgˈzɜ:ʃn] (托 12337/14183)
Vocabulary: exertion
(once / 326 pages)
n
Exertion is effort. Exercise requires physical exertion. Listening to great jazz requires mental exertion. What kind of exertion does jazzercise require? Perhaps too much.
Ex– means out. Exertion means energy is coming out—so much so that when you’re done, you may feel exhausted. The opposite of ex- is in-, as in inertia—something you need exertion to overcome.
WORD FAMILY
exertion: exertions+/ exert: exerted, exerting, exertion, exerts, overexert/overexert: overexerted, overexerting, overexertion, overexerts/overexertion: overexertions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Silence,” Scorsese borrows the genre’s stripped-down framework in order to observe the physical exertion of brutal power.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
One minute of all-out exercise may provide the benefits of 45 minutes of moderate exertion.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
But Mr. Evans was also engaged in an enigmatic ritual of physical exertion and formal control.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 努力; 费力; （能力、权力等的）运用; 行使
分布：发挥(45%)，努力(32%)，运用(23%)
→来自exert, 行使，竭力。
US [-'zɝ:-] noun
EFFORT 努力
countable or uncountable
■when you make a lot of mental or physical effort 尽力；努力；费力
• I get out of breath with any kind of physical exertion. 我一做些体力劳动的工作就会上气不接下气。
• We were exhausted after our exertions. 我们用尽全力，最后个个精疲力尽。
UK [ɪg'zɜ:.ʃən] US [-'zɝ:-] noun
USE 运用
uncountable
■when you use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen 运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）
• the exertion of influence over who was appointed to the job 对获授予该职位的人施以影响
n. 发挥；运用；努力
 - effort, use, trial, pain, struggle

Word: absurdity
Front: absurdity
[əb'sɜ:dətɪ] (12372/11686)
Vocabulary: absurdity
(once / 685 pages)
n
An absurdity is something ridiculously foolish. The U.S. declaring war on Fiji would be an absurdity.
This is the noun form of the adjective absurd, which means silly, hard-to-believe, and kind of crazy. Unless it's Halloween, it would be an absurdity to show up to school in a chicken suit. If you teacher taught math class with a fake French accent, that would also be an absurdity. A lot of comedies are full of absurdities, because an absurdity can be funny. If you're good at thinking of absurdities, maybe you should be a comedy writer.
WORD FAMILY
absurdity: absurdities+/ absurd: absurder, absurdest, absurdity, absurdly, absurdness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The underlying absurdity of those shows was redoubled through his lens, occasionally in the form of magical realism.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Audiences laughed nervously at the exaggerated absurdity of it all.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Harambe is an easy laugh line, a sign that someone gets the absurdity of the Internet and wants everyone else to laugh at it too.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 极端无理性; 荒谬; 谬论; 荒谬的行为
分布：荒谬(94%)，荒谬的事(4%)，悖理(2%)
荒谬(absurd荒谬的)[-ity表名词,指具备某种性质]
ADJ-GRADED
荒谬的；荒唐的；不合理的
If you say that something is absurd, you are criticizing it because you think that it is ridiculous or that it does not make sense.
例：It is absurd to be discussing compulsory redundancy policies for teachers...讨论针对教师的强制裁员政策真是滑稽可笑。
例：I've known clients of mine go to absurd lengths, just to avoid paying me a few pounds...我知道我的一些客户就为了少付我几英镑，可谓无所不用其极。
n. 荒谬；谬论；荒谬的言行
 - ridiculousness, boloney

Word: hijack
Front: hijack
[ˈhaɪdʒæk] (研雅 12339/14110 -1)
Vocabulary: hijack
(once / 3063 pages)
vn
To hijack a vehicle is to take control of it by force. Chances are you've seen an action movie in which some villains hijack a car or plane.
To hijack a vehicle is to take it over illegally. Such a crime is called a hijack or a hijacking. Hijack can be used more generally to mean “take over.” If your friend has a bad habit of interrupting other people to talk about himself, you can say that he tends to hijack the conversation.
WORD FAMILY
hijack: hijacked, hijacker, hijacking, hijacks+/hijacker: hijackers/hijacking: hijackings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hijackings and attempted hijackings in the Gulf of Aden, a popular shipping route, increased five-fold that year, according to statistics from the International Maritime Bureau.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In Berlin, a man hijacked a 40-ton truck and crashed it into an outdoor Christmas market, killing 12 people.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr Urban was shot by the attacker, who hijacked his lorry to kill 11 others and injure 48 at a Christmas market.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 劫持; 绑架; 拦路抢劫; 操纵（会议等，以推销自己的意图）
n. 劫持; 敲诈; 威逼
时态：hijacked, hijacking, hijacks
分布：劫持(85%)，劫机(15%)
→hi-,缩写自highway,公路，干道，-jack,词义不确定，可能来自人名Jack,代指土匪无赖，后词义通用化。
v.劫持,劫机,拦路抢劫They hijacked a car in the city.他们在城里抢劫了一辆汽车.
verb transitive
■to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle during a journey, especially using violence 劫持（飞机或车辆）
• Two men hijacked a jet travelling to Paris and demanded $125 000. 两名男子劫持了一架飞往巴黎的飞机，并勒索125 000美元。
■disapproving
■to take control of or use something that does not belong to you for your own advantage 把持，控制，使用（本不属于自己的东西）
• He resents the way his ideas have been hijacked by others in the department. 他对部门里其他人剽窃他的想法这件事十分不满。
['haɪ.dʒæk] noun countable or uncountable (also hijacking)
■when someone uses force to take control of an aircraft or other vehicle 劫持
• The hijack ended with the release of all the plane's passengers unharmed. 劫机事件最后以机上所有乘客获释平安落幕。
vt. 抢劫；揩油
 - rob of, spoliate
n. 劫持；威逼；敲诈
 - chantage, extortion

Word: dissent
Front: dissent
[dɪˈsent] (宝 8162/8756 -2)
Vocabulary: dissent
(once / 428 pages)
nv
To dissent is to publicly disagree with an official opinion or decision. Dissent is also a noun referring to public disagreement.
Both verb and noun are often used in reference to a statement by a judge who disagrees with a decision made by other judges. Dissent is also used to refer to political opposition to government policies. The verb derives from Middle English, from Latin dissentire, from the prefix dis- "apart" plus sentire "to feel."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
decent / descent / dissent
Decent is all buttoned up. Descent has all the fun because it gets to climb down a mountain. Dissent is what you do when the glee club wants to get matching red outfits but you like purple.
Decent, pronounced "DEE-sent," means "socially acceptable." It's also an old fashioned way to say "polite." These days if you ask someone if she's decent, you probably don't care if she went to finishing school, you're just wondering if she's dressed so you can come in. Decent can also mean good but not excellent. Have it both ways:
He's a decent old chap, but isn't at home much. (Bertram Mitford)
"We're going to work hard out there, and earn a decent living." (New York Times)
Descent, pronounced "dih-SENT," means the act of moving downward, either physically or socially, like an evil cartoon character's descent into the underworld, or a villain's descent into madness, or even your descent into the subway station or down a mountain:
There are a few nasty, short climbs, but several long descents too. (Guardian)
Descent can also refer to a person's cultural background. Makes sense if you think about going down the family tree:
The women, U.S. citizens of Somali descent, are charged with conspiracy to provide material support to a foreign terrorist organization. (Washington Post)
Finally, dissent, also pronounced "dih-SENT" is to pipe up against popular opinion.
It can refer to an opinion that differs from an official or popularly held one.To dissent is to voice such an opinion. There are shades of meaning, but it always means to go against the grain:
Mr. Putin, who has rarely faced public dissent in his 11 years in power, appeared momentarily taken aback, but quickly recovered and finished his statement. (New York Times)
Mrs. Twining curled her mouth in bitter dissent. (Edgar Fawcett)
To recap: decent is fine and you're dressed, descent is to go down down down, and dissent is when you're opinion doesn't mesh with others.
WORD FAMILY
dissent: dissension, dissented, dissenter, dissentient, dissenting, dissentious, dissents+/ dissension: dissensions/dissenter: dissenters/dissenting: dissentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Amid the positivity, there were some dissenting voices.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Malaysian government leaders said the country remains open to dissent and critics are trying to destabilize it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 意见的分歧，异议; 〈英〉反对国教; 〈集合词〉不信奉国教者
vi. 不同意，持异议; 不信奉国教
时态：dissented, dissenting, dissents
分布：异议(84%)，持异议(16%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-sent, 感觉，想法，词源同sense, assent. 即不一样的想法，异议。
持不同意见(dis分开+sent→感觉不合→意见不同)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
【记】dis不同，sent感觉－感觉不同－不同意
【参】assent（v 同意）；sentiment（n 多愁善感；情感）；dissenter（n 不同意者；不服从国教者）
【反】concur（v 同时发生；同意）；conform（vt 使一致；使顺从）
[dɪ'sent] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■strong difference of opinion on a particular subject; disagreement, especially about an official suggestion or plan or a popular belief （尤指对正式建议、计划或普遍看法的）不同意，异议
• When the time came to approve the proposal, there were one or two voices of dissent. 在通过该项提案的时候，有一两个人表示不同意。
Compare assent
[dɪ'sent] slightly formal
verb intransitive
■to disagree with other people about something 不同意，持有异议
• Anyone wishing to dissent from the motion should now raise their hand. 不同意此项动议的人请举手。
vi. 不同意；不信奉国教
 - to disapprove of, disagree with
n. 异议；（大写）不信奉国教
 - exception, demurral

Word: negate
Front: negate
[nɪˈgeɪt] (托宝 12350/14131 -1)
Vocabulary: negate
(once / 264 pages)
v
If something neutralizes the effect of something else, then you can say the effect is negated. Hanging a disco ball from your living room ceiling negates the sleek modern effect created by the contemporary furniture.
If something is proved false or untrue, it has been negated. The discovery of one dinosaur jaw negated the conventional wisdom that all dinosaurs were vegetarians, since the tooth structure proved that guy definitely ate meat. The verb negate can also mean to counteract or counterbalance — so a really strong serve can negate your other weaknesses on the tennis court.
WORD FAMILY
negate: negated, negates, negating, negation, negative +/ negation: negations/ negative: negatived, negatively, negativeness, negatives, negativing, negativism, negativity, nonnegative/negativism: negativisms, negativist/negativist: negativists/ negativity: negativities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In revoking an official’s commission that was issued after Senate confirmation, the president is negating a specific and official Senate act.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
He said he looked forward to working with President-elect Donald Trump “to negate the harmful effects of this absurd resolution.”
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
After Friday’s vote, Netanyahu’s office said he looked forward to working with Trump “to negate the harmful effects of this absurd resolution.”
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 取消，使无效; 否定，否认; 使作废
vi. 否定，否认; 无效
n. 反面，对立面
时态：negated, negating, negates
分布：否定(78%)，否认(12%)，使无效(10%)
→来自拉丁语negare,否认，否定，说不，词源同no,deny.
否认;取消(neg+ate)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
【记】neg（否认），ate一否认；negation（n 否定）
【参】abnegation（自我否认）；neglect（忽视）
[nɪ'geɪt] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to cause something to have no effect 使无效，取消
• The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business. 我们的盈利增长被日益增加的经营成本所抵销。
vt. 否定；取消；使无效
 - deny, recall
vi. 否定；否认；无效
 - deny, to no avail
n. 对立面；反面
 - opposite, contrary

Word: dosage
Front: dosage
[ˈdəʊsɪdʒ] (12335/20630 -1)
Back: n. （药物等的）剂量; （通常指药的）服法; 下药，配药
分布：服法(100%)
→来自dose, 剂量。
US ['doʊ-] formal
noun countable usually singular
■the amount of medicine that you should take at one time （一次的）剂量
• "What's the dosage?" "One spoonful three times a day." “服用多大剂量?”“每次一匙，一日三次。”
• You mustn't exceed the recommended dosage. 一定不要超过医生建议的剂量。
n. [药] 剂量，用量
 - dose, dosis

Word: segregate
Front: segregate
[ˈsegrɪgeɪt] (研六托雅 12370/14472)
Vocabulary: segregate
(once / 1266 pages)
vn
To separate people by race or religion is to segregate them. In general, the word segregate means to separate one type of thing from another.
In the United States, the practice of segregating blacks from whites in public schools and public places was common in the South until the 1960s. Because of this, people don't even like to use the word segregate in its neutral sense. But you could rightly say that new bicycle lanes are designed to segregate bikes from auto traffic.
WORD FAMILY
segregate: desegregate, segregated, segregates, segregating, segregation, segregator+/desegregate: desegregated, desegregates, desegregating, desegregation / segregated: nonsegregated, unsegregated/ segregation: segregationism, segregations/segregationism: segregationist / segregationist: segregationists/segregator: segregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Lorraine, I learn, catered to black travelers at a time when the much of the South — including Memphis — remained segregated.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
An only child, he attended a segregated school.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Rather than segregate men and women, Mr. Religioso wants them to work together in the “Bonnie and Clyde” tournaments.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. （使）分开; 分离; 隔离; 隔离并区别对待（不同种族、宗教或性别的人）
时态：segregated, segregating, segregates
分布：隔离(59%)，分离(28%)，分离的(8%)，分凝(5%)
→se-,分开，-greg,集群，成团，词源同 aggregate,gregarious.引申词义分离，隔离等。
隔离(se+greg群＋ate→和人群分开→隔离)[se-表示"分开,离开,区别开"]
分开,隔离(se分开+greg+ate→和群体分开)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
a.分离的,被隔离的v.(使)分离,(使)隔离The doctor segregated the child.大夫把孩子隔离起来.
【记】se分，greg团体，ate－和团体分开－隔离
【参】aggregate（v 聚集；集合）
verb transitive
■to keep one group of people apart from another and treat them differently, especially because of race or sex （尤指基于种族或性别原因）隔离并差别对待
• a segregated school/society 实行种族隔离的学校／社会
• Blacks were segregated from whites in every area of life. 在生活中的各方各面，黑人和白人被隔离开。
■to keep one thing separate from another 分离；分开
• The systems will have to be able to segregate clients' money from the firm's own cash. 该系统必须能把委托人的钱和公司的现金分开。
separate, segregate, insulate, isolate
这组词都有“分开，分离，隔离”的意思，其区别是：
separate: 指一般意义上的分开或隔开。
segregate: 指把一群人或物从整体或主体中分离出来。
insulate: 指隔开、分离，尤指用某种东西阻挡从里面逃出或从外面进入的东西。作技术用词时，专指用某种绝缘体隔断通路。
isolate: 侧重指完全分离、隔开，也指人或处于完全孤立的状态。
vt. 使隔离； [生物] 使分离；在…实行种族隔离
 - separate, split, divorce

Word: contested
Front: contested
[kənˈtestid] (12352/15409)
Vocabulary: contested
(once / 1606 pages)
adj
Something that's contested is argued over or questioned. Contested election results may need to be re-counted, since the two sides can't agree on their validity.
Controversial and contentious issues — like debated topics or lawsuits — are often described as "hotly contested," or energetically argued over. Elections, community issues, sporting matches, and scientific ideas are all frequently contested. The word has been used since the 1770s to describe political elections in the US, and it comes from the Latin word contestari, "to call to witness or bring action."
WORD FAMILY
contested: uncontested+/ contest: contestable, contestation, contested, contestee, contester, contesting, contests/contestable: contestably, incontestable /contestation: contestations/contestee: contestees/contester: contesters/ incontestable: incontestably/uncontested: uncontestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Weeks after Trump won, while losing the popular vote by 2.8 million, Democrats barely contested a key Senate election in Louisiana.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Earlier this week, China’s first aircraft carrier and five other warships held drills that passed by Taiwan and sailed through the contested South China Sea.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But college football is often contested on a razor’s edge.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 争夺，竞争( contest的过去式和过去分词 ); 争辩，提出异议
分布：比赛(74%)，竞赛(23%)，争取(1%)，奋斗(1%)，驳斥(1%)
N-COUNT
竞赛;比赛
A contest is a competition or game in which people try to win.
例：Few contests in the recent history of British boxing have been as thrilling.英国近年的拳击比赛中很少有如此激动人心的。
例：...a writing contest.写作比赛
N-COUNT
(权力或控制权的)争夺，竞争
A contest is a struggle to win power or control.
例：The state election due in November will be the last such ballot before next year's presidential contest...定于11月举行的州选举将是明年总统竞选前最后一次此类投票选举。
例：...a clear contest between church and state.教会与政府之间明显的争斗
VERB
争取赢得(选举、比赛等);角逐
If someone contests an election or competition, they take part in it and try to win it.
例：He quickly won his party's nomination to contest the elections.他很快获得了本党提名,角逐大选。
例：...a closely contested regional flower show.各方争奇斗艳、难分高下的地区花卉展
VERB
争辩;对…提出异议
If you contest a statement or decision, you object to it formally because you think it is wrong or unreasonable.
例：Your former employer has to reply within 14 days in order to contest the case...你的前任雇主若对本案存有异议，必须在14天内予以答复。
例：Gender discrimination is a hotly contested issue.性别歧视是一个争论激烈的话题。

Word: falsely
Front: falsely
[fɔ:lslɪ] (12383/13748)
Vocabulary: falsely
(once / 1590 pages)
adv
Things are done falsely when they're fake or dishonest. If your sister smiles falsely at you, you'll know she's up to no good.
When people do things falsely, they are lying or otherwise being dishonorable or less than honest. You can laugh falsely to make your uncle feel better about his terrible joke, or you can fill out a job application falsely, to avoid telling a new employer how badly your last job ended. The adverb falsely comes from false, with its Latin root falsus, "deceptive, deceitful, or pretend."
WORD FAMILY
false: falsehood, falsely, falseness, falser, falses, falsest, falsity +/ falsehood: falsehoods/falseness: falsenesses/ falsity: falsities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prestan noted that many falsely assume they are all Mexicans and, in his experience, treat people poorly if they hear Spanish being spoken.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The sergeants confronted the agent and falsely informed her they were obtaining a warrant for her arrest.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
A federal magistrate judge ruled in August that detectives falsely promised leniency in exchange for his confession and ordered Dassey released.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adv. 虚伪地，不实地，错误地; 冒
分布：虚伪地(38%)，不实地(37%)，错误地(25%)
US ['fɑ:l-] adverb
NOT TRUE 不真实地
■in a way that is not true 不真实地；虚假地
• He claimed, falsely, that he was married. 他谎称已经结婚。
UK ['fɒl.sli] US ['fɑ:l-] adverb
NOT CORRECTLY 错误地
■wrongly 错误地
• She was falsely accused of shoplifting. 她被误控在商店行窃。
UK ['fɒl.sli] US ['fɑ:l-] adverb
NOT SINCERELY 不真诚地 disapproving
■in a way that is not sincere 不真诚地；虚情假意地
• She tends to adopt a falsely cheerful tone when she's upset about something. 她对某事不快时，往往用一种假装愉快的语气说话。
adv. 错误地；虚伪地；不实地
 - wrong, in error

Word: swallow
Front: swallow
[ˈswɒləʊ] (高研四六托雅宝 3535/3290 -K2)
Vocabulary: swallow
(once / 190 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5n
When you swallow food or liquid is pushed from your mouth to the esophagus. Chew your food well before you swallow it.
As a verb, swallow means "to enclose or envelop completely," like quicksand that swallows everything that falls into it. Swallow can also mean "to stop from expressing," like when you swallow your pride and ask for help. The noun swallow describes a gulp, though you don't always do it for digestion; sometimes a few swallows of air help you keep from crying. A swallow is also a type of small songbird.
WORD FAMILY
swallow: swallowed, swallowing, swallows
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s a lot to swallow for lawmakers, who’ve done very little in the last few sessions to prevent impaired driving.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lucia is the daughter of novelist James, a black hole who swallows both the world’s attention and domestic affection in industrial quantities.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
That’s what happens when a 5-0 start is swallowed whole by eight losses in the next 10 games.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 吞，咽; 忍耐，忍受
vt. 不流露; <口>忍受，轻信
n. [鸟]燕子; 胃管，食道; 一次吞咽的量; （滑车等的）通索孔
时态：swallowed, swallowing, swallows
分布：吞下(33%)，燕子(26%)，吞咽(15%)，咽下(9%)，忍受(7%)，轻信(5%)，收回(3%)，一次吞咽的量(1%)，不流露感情(1%)
→来自古英语 swealwe,燕子，来自 Proto-Germanic*swalwo,燕子。
n.燕子;吞咽vt.吞,咽;轻信;忍受;vi.咽口水In the hall, the shallow challenger shall be allowed to swallow the swallows.在大厅里,肤浅的挑战者将被允许吞下燕子.
【记】象声词，自己模拟一下吞咽的声音。Sw，all，low：所有的东西都到了嘴的下面－吞咽
【反】disgorge（v 吐出）
US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
THROAT 咽喉
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to cause food, drink, pills, etc. to move from your mouth into your stomach by using the muscles of your throat, or to use the muscles of your throat as if doing this 吞咽，吞下，咽下
• My throat is so sore that it really hurts when I swallow. 我的喉咙很痛，吞咽起来很难受。
• He put a grape into his mouth and swallowed it whole. 他把一颗葡萄放进嘴里，整个吞了下去。
intransitive
■to use the muscles of your throat, as if moving something from your mouth into your stomach, because you are nervous or frightened, or are about to say something （因为紧张、害怕或要开始说话而）做吞咽动作，吞口水
• He swallowed hard and said, "Dad, I've got something to tell you." 他用力吞了吞口水说：“爸，我有点事想告诉您。”
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
TAKE AWAY 夺走
transitive
■If something large swallows (up) another thing, it makes it disappear or stop existing separately by making it part of itself 吞掉；吞没
• An increasing amount of the countryside is being swallowed (up) by the town. 越来越多的乡村被城镇吞并。
• Many small businesses have been swallowed (up) by large companies. 很多小企业已经被大公司吞并了。
transitive
■to use or take away a large part of something valuable 大量使用，大量夺走（贵重之物）
• Taxes have swallowed up nearly half of my pay increase. 我的加薪有近一半都被税收抵消了。
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
ACCEPT 接受
transitive informal
■to accept something without question or without expressing disagreement 轻信；全盘接受
• Not surprisingly, this excuse was too much for them to swallow. 不出所料，他们无法接受这个借口。
• He swallowed her story whole. 他对她的说法深信不疑。
• She swallowed his sales pitch hook, line and sinker (= believed it completely). 她对他的推销之词深信不疑。
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
NOT EXPRESS 不表露
transitive
■to not express or show something 不表露，不表现，抑制住
• She swallowed her disappointment, saying, "That's OK, it doesn't matter." 她抑制住自己的失望说：“没事，没关系。”
• He was forced to swallow his pride and ask if he could have his old job back. 他不得不抛开面子，询问能不能回到原来的工作岗位上。
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
swallow your words
■to be forced to admit that something you have said has been shown to be wrong 被迫承认自己说的话不对
• I had to swallow my words when the scheme turned out to be a great success. 结果这个计划非常成功，我不得不承认我之前说的话是错的。
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] verb
swallow the bait
■If you swallow the bait, you completely accept something, especially an offer that is a trick or way of getting something from you. 上钩，中圈套
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] noun countable
THROAT 咽喉
■an act of using the muscles of your throat, or the amount of something you move into your stomach from your mouth by using the muscles of your throat 吞，咽，吞咽
• He gave a swallow, then began speaking. 他吞了吞口水，然后开始说话。
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a small bird with pointed wings and a tail with two points, which flies quickly and catches insects to eat as it flies 燕子
UK ['swɒl.əʊ] US ['swɑ:.loʊ] noun countable
One swallow doesn't make a summer. saying
■used to say that because one good thing has happened, it is not therefore certain that a situation is going to improve 独燕不成夏。（指一件好事发生并不意味着整体情况会好转） ； 一叶不足以知秋
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
vt. 忍受；吞没
 - stomach, go, stand, abide, tough
vi. 吞下；咽下
 - get sth down, get down

Word: pairing
Front: pairing
[ˈpeərɪŋ] (12355/15149 -1)
Back: n. 配对; （核子等）成对; 摞合; [机] 双层轧制
v. （使…）成对，（使…）成双( pair的现在分词); 交配
分布：配对(98%)，动词pair的现在分词形式.(2%)
N-COUNT
（尤指运动员、演员、音乐家的）组合，搭档
Two people, especially sports players, actors, or musicians, who are working together as a pair can be referred to as a pairing .
例：In first place we now find the Belgian pairing of Nancy Feber and Laurence Courtois.现在处于第一位的是比利时组合南希·费博和劳伦斯·库尔图瓦。

Word: cutting-edge
Front: cutting-edge
['kʌtɪŋ'edʒ] None
Vocabulary: cutting-edge
(once / 15781 pages)
adj
Something that's cutting-edge is the very latest or the most stylish. If you always covet the newest kind of cellphone, you could say that you like cutting-edge technology.
The adjective cutting-edge often describes new advances in science or technology — a hospital might advertise its use of cutting-edge cancer treatments, for example. Art can be described as cutting-edge as well, if it uses innovative techniques or does something completely new. The word cutting-edge has only been used in this figurative way since the mid-1960s; before that it literally meant "the edge of a tool's blade."
WORD FAMILY
cutting-edge
USAGE EXAMPLES
Building codes in Oregon allow cutting-edge designs using new technology like CLT in some cases, but only after rigorous testing and an intensive approval process.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The plant is equipped with cutting-edge food-safety monitors that share alerts about problems as they happen with the entire senior management team.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
And is this cutting-edge theater experience the way of the future?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 前沿的，最前沿的
分布：尖端(60%)，前沿(40%)
US [ˌkʌtˌ-] adjective [before noun]
■very modern and with all the newest features 领先的；最新的；尖端的
• cutting-edge design/technology 前卫的设计／尖端的技术

Word: sadden
Front: sadden
[ˈsædn] (宝 12385/13839 -1)
Back: v. 使悲哀; 使伤心
时态：saddened, saddening, saddens
分布：动词(100%)
→sad,伤心的，难过的，-en,使。
【记】sad（adj 忧愁悲哀的）
【反】exhilarate（v 使高兴愉快）
verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to make someone sad 使悲伤，使难过，使伤心
• [+ to infinitive] It saddens me to think that we'll never see her again. 一想到我们再也见不到她了就令我非常伤心。
• We are deeply saddened by this devastating tragedy. 这起令人震惊的悲剧事件使我们沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。
vt. 使悲伤，使难过；使黯淡
 - grieve
vi. 悲哀；悲痛
 - grieve

Word: contraception
Front: contraception
[ˌkɒntrəˈsepʃn] (12338/10213 -1)
Vocabulary: contraception
(once / 13447 pages)
n
Contraception is birth control, to put it bluntly; the general term for the use of a number of devices or acts that prevent impregnation during intercourse.
The word is formed by mashing together the Latin word contra, meaning "against" and a shortened form of the old French word concepcion, meaning "conception" — in other words: "against conception." Like so many scientific terms it was first coined in the nineteenth century, when the science of birth control was beginning to be seriously considered. Contraceptives — birth control devices — that had been around in cruder forms, began to be mass-produced and eventually socially accepted.
WORD FAMILY
contraception: contraceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
In January, the latest figures published by the UN showed more women than ever are now using some form of contraception.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“You put it in and you forget it,” he said, likening it to long-acting forms of contraception.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
While that is unlikely to happen, the program’s provisions for contraception and other services that women disproportionately use will be early and easy targets.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 避孕; 节育
分布：名词(100%)
→contra-, 相对，相反。-ception, 缩写至conception, 孕育。
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun uncountable
■(the use of) any of various methods intended to prevent a woman becoming pregnant 避孕（法）；节育（法）
• They offer impartial advice on contraception. 他们提供公正客观的避孕建议。
• What is the most reliable form/method of contraception? 最可靠的避孕方式／方法是甚么？
n. [医] 避孕
 - birth control, conception control

Word: reddish
Front: reddish
[ˈredɪʃ] (托 12362/15058 -1)
Back: adj. 淡红色的，微红的; 混有或染有红色的
分布：略带红色的(55%)，微红的(45%)
adjective
■slightly red in colour 略带红色的；微红的；淡红的
• Nicky's got reddish-blond hair. 尼基的头发是微微发红的亚麻色。

Word: exec
Front: exec
[ɪgˈzek] (12420/36382)
Back: abbr. execute 实行; executive 实行的
N-COUNT
Exec is an abbreviation for (缩略=) executive.
n. 执行，执行程序；主任参谋，副舰长
 - enforcement, performance, implementing

Word: ambient
Front: ambient
[ˈæmbiənt] (六 12340/19908)
Vocabulary: ambient
(once / 7596 pages)
adj
Ambient is an adjective used to describe an aspect of the environment that completely surrounds you, but in a mellow way, like ambient music played softly throughout a restaurant, or the ambient orange glow during a setting sun.
Ambient describes some pervasive quality of the surrounding environment, like the ambient lighting in a movie theater, or the ambient temperature of a room. Most times when you’re hearing silence, you’re hearing some ambient noises too, like the hum of a refrigerator or the whistle of a breeze. Usually ambient describes a quiet or peaceful quality, but it can be aggressive too, like the ambient drone of war planes flying above that you can hear no matter where you hide.
WORD FAMILY
ambient: ambience
USAGE EXAMPLES
The ambient air is Newark’s, but filtered, ventilated, heated, and cooled.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In my little corner of Brooklyn, ambient feminism appeared to influence the way fashionable young women dressed.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Ambient electronic musician Bonobo creates haunting tracks to dance to or meditate with.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 周围的，包围着的; 产生轻松氛围的; 环境
分布：环境(88%)，周围的(11%)，氛围的(1%)
['æm.bi.ənt] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■(especially of environmental conditions) existing in the surrounding area 周围的；（尤指）周围环境条件的
• ambient conditions/lighting/noise/temperature 周围环境／光线／噪音／温度
adj. 周围的；外界的；环绕的
 - environmental, surrounding
n. 周围环境
 - mise en scene

Word: meditate
Front: meditate
[ˈmedɪteɪt] (研六托雅宝 12380/15721 -2)
Vocabulary: meditate
(once / 215 pages)
v
When you meditate, you silently calm or focus your mind for relaxation or spiritual reasons. People who meditate regularly can put a stop to racing thoughts, making them less distracted.
When you meditate, you focus on your breathing while sitting calmly. Some people mediate to reduce stress, while others see it as part of their spiritual practice. Meditate can also be used to describe any deep thinking you do, like when you meditate on what to say to a friend who is feeling sad lately. The Latin word for "ponder," meditari, is the root of meditate.
WORD FAMILY
meditate: meditated, meditates, meditating, meditation, meditative, premeditate +/ meditation: meditations/ meditative: meditatively, meditativeness/ premeditate: premeditated, premeditating, premeditation / premeditated: premeditatedly, unpremeditated/ premeditation: premeditations/unpremeditated: unpremeditatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On bad days, she will retreat into a room and meditate.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
On bad days, when she’s really thinking of her son, she will retreat into a room and meditate.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It meditates on the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 沉思; 打算
vt. 深思; 策划
时态：meditated, meditating, meditates
分布：冥想(53%)，沉思(31%)，考虑(12%)，计划(4%)
→来自拉丁语meditari,沉思，思考，考虑，来自med,测量，考虑，词源同measure,medical.引申词义沉思，冥想。也有可能来自拉丁语medius,中间的，词源同middle.即思考天人之间的联系。比较mediator.
思考[medit=ponder(思考)]
v.想,考虑,(尤指宗教上的)沉思,冥想She meditated for 2 days before giving her answer.她考虑了两天才答复.
【记】med中间，it它，ate吃：在吃饭的中途还想着它－沉思。
verb intransitive
■to think calm thoughts in order to relax or as a religious activity 沉思，冥想
• Sophie meditates for 20 minutes every day. 索菲每天冥想20分钟。
■to think seriously about something for a long time 沉思，深思
• He meditated on the consequences of his decision. 他思索着他的决定所带来的后果。
think, reason, muse, speculate, meditate, deliberate, reflect
这组词都有“思考、判断、思索”的意思，其区别是：
think: 一般用词，指开动脑筋形成看法或得出结论的脑力活动。不着重结论是否正确，见解是否有用。
reason: 指根据资料、证据或事实进行推断，作出结论或判断的逻辑思维活动。
muse: 通常指漫无目的地猜想。
speculate: 指推论过程，隐含在证据不足的基础上作出推测或设想。
meditate: 语气较强，指认真地长时间集中精力进行思考。
deliberate: 指缓慢、按部就班地作仔细而认真的思考或判断。
reflect: 指回想或回顾，侧重认真而冷静地反复地思考某个问题，尤指对已发生事情的思索。
vt. 考虑；计划；企图
 - schedule, propose, design, map, view
vi. 冥想；沉思
 - be deep in thought, be buried in

Word: muse
Front: muse
[mju:z] (六宝 8874/9108 -2)
Vocabulary: muse
(once / 347 pages)
1v 2n
As a verb, to muse is to consider something thoughtfully. As a noun, it means a person — especially a woman — who is a source of artistic inspiration.
In mythology, the Muses were nine goddesses who symbolized the arts and sciences. Today, a muse is a person who serves as an artist's inspiration. Often filmmakers talk about a certain actor being a muse — meaning the actor inspired a movie. Writers, painters, musicians, and other artists have muses. Muse can also refer to thinking deeply. If you muse about something, you're giving it serious thought. You can't muse in five seconds. People muse on certain ideas for years.
WORD FAMILY
muse: mused, muser, muses, musing +/muser: musers/ musing: musingly, musings
USAGE EXAMPLES
For engraver Jennifer Bower, the muse is never far away.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Amid the thunderous crowd, he fell to musing.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Barrett worked together as counselors at an elite passing camp, they mused about one day facing off in the College Football Playoff.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 默想
vi. 沉思; 冥想
vt. 谨慎地考虑; 谨慎地说
时态：mused, musing, muses
分布：沉思(67%)，冥想(29%)，艺术家的灵感(4%)
→来自希腊语Mousa,缪斯女神，来自men,思考，思索，词源同mind,mentor.引申词义灵感，沉思。也有观点认为其沉思义来自拉丁语musum,鼻子，词源同muzzle,原指狗把鼻子在空气中嗅，讽刺人装模作样，假装思考，游荡，若有所思。
【记】mu木，se色：脸呈现木头的颜色，因为在沉思。
verb intransitive formal
■to think about something carefully and for a long time 沉思，默想，冥想
• I began to muse about/on the possibility of starting my own business. 我开始思忖自己创业的可能性。
[mju:z] noun countable literary
■an imaginary being or force that gives someone ideas and helps them to write, paint or make music （写作、绘画或音乐创作方面的）灵感（泉源）
• The muse has left me - I haven't written any poetry for months! 灵感离我而去——我已有数月没写过一首诗了！
• Juliet was not only the painter's best model but also his muse (= the person who causes him to have the most ideas for his work). 茱丽叶不仅是这位画家最好的模特儿，也是他灵感的泉源。
think, reason, muse, speculate, meditate, deliberate, reflect
这组词都有“思考、判断、思索”的意思，其区别是：
think: 一般用词，指开动脑筋形成看法或得出结论的脑力活动。不着重结论是否正确，见解是否有用。
reason: 指根据资料、证据或事实进行推断，作出结论或判断的逻辑思维活动。
muse: 通常指漫无目的地猜想。
speculate: 指推论过程，隐含在证据不足的基础上作出推测或设想。
meditate: 语气较强，指认真地长时间集中精力进行思考。
deliberate: 指缓慢、按部就班地作仔细而认真的思考或判断。
reflect: 指回想或回顾，侧重认真而冷静地反复地思考某个问题，尤指对已发生事情的思索。
n. 沉思；冥想
 - reflection, meditation
vt. 沉思；沉思地说
 - meditate on, be deep in thought
vi. 沉思；凝望
 - meditate on, be deep in thought

Word: juxtaposition
Front: juxtaposition
[ˌdʒʌkstəpə'zɪʃn] (托 12364/15454)
Vocabulary: juxtaposition
(once / 5383 pages)
n
If a waiter served you a whole fish and a scoop of chocolate ice cream on the same plate, your surprise might be caused by the juxtaposition, or the side-by-side contrast, of the two foods.
Any time unlike things bump up against each other, you can describe it as a juxtaposition. Imagine a funeral mourner telling jokes graveside, and you get the idea — the juxtaposition in this case is between grief and humor. Juxtaposition of two contrasting items is often done deliberately in writing, music, or art — in order to highlight their differences.
WORD FAMILY
juxtaposition: juxtapositions+/ juxtapose: juxtaposed, juxtaposes, juxtaposing, juxtaposition
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s a logic to the Virginia painters’ show at the Athenaeum, even if their methods allow wild juxtapositions and improvisational gestures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Sometimes the skill is in the technique, sometimes in the juxtaposition of flavors, often in a combination of both — plus inspiration, even accident.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In this image, the juxtaposition with the youngster on his bright red bike creates a bizarre yet compelling tableau.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 并置; 并列; 毗邻
分布：并置(71%)，并排(29%)
N-VAR
（形成反差的物体、形象或想法的）并置，并列
The juxtaposition of two contrasting objects, images, or ideas is the fact that they are placed together or described together, so that the differences between them are emphasized.
例：This juxtaposition of brutal reality and lyrical beauty runs through Park's stories.这种残忍的现实和浪漫美好事物的并存始终贯穿于帕克的短篇小说中。
n. 并置，并列；毗邻
 - apposition, parataxis

Word: industrialization
Front: industrialization
[ɪnˌdʌstrɪəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (托 12437/13185)
Vocabulary: industrialization
(once / 13955 pages)
n
Industrialization occurs when industry is introduced on a large scale to a region or country — for example, when an economy goes from being based on agriculture to being based on manufacturing and other industries.
In Europe and the United States, industrialization occurred in the 1700s and 1800s, with the changes beginning in Britain. This period is called the Industrial Revolution. Textile manufacturing became mechanized, transportation (canals, railroads, and road systems) became more efficient, and steam power was introduced. Goods became more accessible and cheaper.
WORD FAMILY
industrialization: industrializations+/ industrial: industrialer, industrialise, industrialism, industrialize, industrially, nonindustrial, postindustrial/industrialise: industrialisation, industrialised/industrialism: industrialisms, industrialist/industrialist: industrialists/industrialize: industrialization, industrialized, industrializes, industrializing/industrialized: unindustrialized/ industrious: industriously, industriousness/ industry: industrial, industries, industrious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over the past two decades, China transformed itself into an economic superpower through massive industrialization.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Two artists, Sun Xun and Zhou Tao, use video to explore China’s industrialization and environmental degradation.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
One of Mr. Castro’s first economic acts in 1959 was to start an industrialization program.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 工业化
分布：工业化(100%)
工业化(industrial工业的)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
(UK usually industrialisation) [ɪnˌdʌs.tri.ə.laɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
■the process of developing industries in a country 工业化

Word: sham
Front: sham
[ʃæm] (研六宝 12391/13965 -1)
Vocabulary: sham
(once / 1071 pages)
nadjv
A sham is a fake. If you frequently order products advertised on late-night, hour-long television commercials, you’ve probably ended up with at least one item that was a sham. All-purpose, industrial strength stain remover, anyone?
Sham can be used to refer to people as well as to things. Remember that doctor from the late-night TV commercial advertising UltraMiracleCure vitamin pills? He’s probably a sham, or a quack. Some sources claim that the word sham originated in the 17th century and was derived from the English word shame, but who knows? Maybe that theory’s a sham too.
WORD FAMILY
sham: shamedly, shamer, shamest, shamingly, shammed, shammer, shamming, shams+/shammer: shammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He tried participating in a veteran-support group but saw it as a sham.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Justice Department said Barclays’ due diligence on the deals at issue was “a sham.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Months after we exposed this as a sham, Hannity continues to display this false claim on his website.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 赝品; 假冒; 骗子; 套; 枕套
vt. 假装
vi. 掩饰
adj. 虚假的，假装的
时态：shammed, shamming, shams
分布：假(56%)，假装(15%)，假的(12%)，骗子(6%)，伪造的(4%)，赝品(3%)，枕头套(2%)，学样子(2%)
→可能来自 Proto-Germanic*skamo,遮盖，隐藏，来自 skem,遮盖，隐藏，词源同 hide,shame. 引申词义假象，伪装等。
n./a.假冒(的),虚伪(的)His anger was a mere sham.他的愤怒只是假装的.
【记】sha傻，m妈妈：傻妈妈买了赝品。Shame害羞去掉e，假装害羞
【反】debunk（v 揭穿真相）－perpetuate to sham（永远的伪装）；genuine（adj 真实的）
[ʃæm] disapproving
noun countable usually singular
■something which is not what it seems to be and is intended to deceive people, or someone who pretends to be something they are not 假像；骗局；假冒者；冒牌货
• It turned out that he wasn't a real doctor at all - he was just a sham. 原来他根本就不是个真正的医生，只是个骗子而已。
• They claimed that the election had been fair, but really it was a sham. 他们声称选举是公平的，但事实上这是个骗局。
[ʃæm] disapproving
verb intransitive or transitive (-mm-)
■to pretend 假装
• He isn't really upset - he's just shamming. 他不是真的难过——只是装装样子。
[ʃæm] disapproving
adjective
■only pretending to be real; false 虚假的，假装的
• They made a fortune through some sham property deal. 他们透过子虚乌有的房地产交易赚了一大笔钱。
• That jewellery looks sham to me. 那件珠宝在我看来是赝品。
• She's trapped in a sham (= not good or satisfying) marriage. 她受困于不幸福的婚姻中。
sham, fake
这组词都有“冒牌货”的意思，其区别是：
sham: 指可以以假乱真的东西，尤指明显的欺骗。
fake: 通常指没有价值的冒牌货或代用品，但目的不一定全是为骗人。
n. 假装；骗子；赝品
 - simulation, fraud, acting, sharp
vt. 假装；冒充
 - simulate, come
vi. 假装；佯装
 - act, fox
adj. 假的；虚假的；假装的
 - affected, assumed, simulate

Word: delayed
Front: delayed
[dɪ'leɪd] (12371/11283)
Back: adj. 延时的，定时的
v. （使）耽搁，延误( delay的过去式和过去分词 ); 推迟; 使延期; 使延迟
分布：延时的(50%)，拖延的(25%)，动词delay的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■happening at a later time than expected or intended 延误的，延迟的；延期的
• Officials said that the reason for the large number of delayed trains was the bad weather conditions. 官员们称大量列车晚点的原因是恶劣的天气条件。
• The protests are a delayed reaction to last week's announcement. 这些抗议活动是对上周通告的滞后反应。
• He's suffering from delayed shock. 他处于延迟性休克状态。
adj. [电子] 延时的；定时的
 - time

Word: craving
Front: craving
[ˈkreɪvɪŋ] (宝 12347/15783)
Vocabulary: craving
(once / 974 pages)
n
A craving is an intense desire for something really particular. If you have a craving for pickled herring, a tuna sandwich just won't do. Must. Have. Pickled. Herring.
Craving is the noun that comes from the verb crave, which comes from the Old English word crafian, meaning "to demand, beg." When we talk about cravings, it's almost like the body and not the mind that is demanding something. Pregnant women famously have crazy cravings, sending their partners to the store in the middle of the night for pickles or toffee. Some people have cravings for power or fame: the desire is so strong they can't let it go.
WORD FAMILY
craving: cravings+/ crave: craved, craves, craving
USAGE EXAMPLES
“And I think that that’s due to the fact that people are craving that connection with themselves.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
His slow metabolism is part of the problem, and so are his food cravings.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Hayes’ questions for her patients extend beyond drug cravings.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望，渴求
v. 渴望，热望( crave的现在分词 ); 恳求，请求
分布：渴望(94%)，热望(5%)，动词crave的现在分词.(1%)
【反】spurn（v 弃绝）
noun countable
■a strong or uncontrollable want 渴望，热望；难以抑制的渴求
• I have a craving for chocolate. 我很想吃巧克力。
n. 渴望；热望
 - aspiration, longing for
v. 渴望；恳求（crave的ing形式）
 - soliciting, longing

Word: pedagogy
Front: pedagogy
[ˈpedəgɒdʒi] (托宝 12445/17736)
Vocabulary: pedagogy
(once / 5373 pages)
n
Pedagogy is another word for education, the profession and science of teaching.
Pedagogy and pedagogue come from the Greek paidos "boy, child" plus agogos "leader." Pedagogy refers to the teaching profession as well as the science of education, for example as a college subject. This might be one reason that the word, pedagogue, is often used for a teacher who is overly interested in rules and details, hence the science of teaching, rather than actually getting through to his or her students.
WORD FAMILY
pedagogy: pedagogic, pedagogical, pedagogies+/pedagogic: pedagogically
USAGE EXAMPLES
This demands a new pedagogy — teaching, learning and assessment for active learning communities.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
“Foreign language pedagogy really has come a long way since the days of memorizing dialogues or translating passages into English,” says Maxim.
Slate(Nov 28, 2016)
The cultural differences, from gastronomy to pedagogy, present a strange world to most young people from foreign shores.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: n. 教育学，教学法
分布：教育(53%)，教育学(45%)，教授法(2%)
→来自pedagogue,教师。引申词义教学，教学法。
教学法,教育学(ped+agogy引导→引导儿童→教学法)[ped=child,education,表示"儿童",引申为"教育"]
US [-gɑ:.dʒi] specialized
noun uncountable
■the study of the methods and activities of teaching 教学法，教育学
n. 教育；教育学；教授法
 - education, struction

Word: Appalachian

Word: marginally
Front: marginally
[ˈmɑ:dʒɪnəli] (12390/9531 -1)
Back: adv. 在边缘; 在页边
分布：少量地(60%)，在边上(20%)，轻微地(20%)
US ['mɑ:r-] adverb
■slightly 稍微地，略微地
• marginally more expensive 略贵一些
adv. 少量地；最低限度地；在栏外；在页边
 - minimally

Word: concoct
Front: concoct
[kənˈkɒkt] (托雅宝 12403/18448 -1)
Vocabulary: concoct
(once / 1793 pages)
v
When you concoct something, you mix up different ingredients. If you want to become a mad scientist or a wizard, you'll have to learn how to concoct strange potions.
If the word concoction makes you think of steaming caldrons or liquids bubbling in test tubes, you’ll be amused to know that it comes from a Latin word for “digestion.” Yum! On summer days, children sometimes concoct imaginative stews from grass, leaves and dirt. They may also concoct lies to explain why they tried feeding such concoctions to their little sister.
WORD FAMILY
concoct: concocted, concocting, concoction, concocts+/ concoction: concoctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pharmaceutical companies want genetic information to concoct powerful new drugs.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The fictional character was concocted by two employees at the library, complete with a false address and driver’s license number.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In a 1975 interview with The Miami Herald, Mr. Adams recalled the genesis of his first book, as a story he concocted for his daughters.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 调制; 捏造; 图谋，策划
时态：concocted, concocting, concocts
分布：调制(55%)，捏造(45%)
→con-, 强调。-coct, 来自cook的过去分词。即放在一起煎煮的，熬制。
编造,虚构(con全部+coct→全部是调配出来的→编造)[coct=cook,表示"煮,调配"]
【记】con共同，coct＝cook（v 烹调）－调制
【参】concoction（n 调配物；谎言）
US [-'kɑ:kt] verb transitive
■to make something, usually food, by adding several different parts together, often in a way that is original or not planned 调制，配制（通常指食品）
• He concocted the most amazing dish from all sorts of unlikely ingredients. 他用各种不可思议的材料调制出最令人叫绝的菜肴。
■to invent an excuse, explanation or story in order to deceive someone 编造，捏造，虚构（借口、解释或故事）
• He concocted a story about working late at the office. 他编造谎言说他在办公室工作到很晚。
vt. 捏造；混合而制；调合；图谋
 - manufacture, trump up

Word: looting
Front: looting
[lu:tɪŋ] (12429/21316)
Back: v. 抢劫，掠夺( loot的现在分词 )
分布：掠夺(44%)，赃物(30%)，洗劫(17%)，掠夺品(9%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the activity of stealing from shops during a violent event （暴力事件中发生的）抢劫，洗劫
• There were reports of widespread looting as football hooligans stampeded through the city centre. 有报道说足球流氓经过市中心时进行了大规模的洗劫。
n. 抢劫；洗劫，趁乱打劫
 - robbery, despoliation

Word: horsepower
Front: horsepower
[ˈhɔ:spaʊə(r)] (研四六托 12375/23778)
Back: n. <物>马力
分布：名词(100%)
→horse,马，power,能量。即马的力量，后来被物理学家用来指能量单位。
n.[机]马力The worshiper thinks that the worst is the insufficient horsepower.崇拜者认为最坏的事是马力不足.
US ['hɔ:rs.paʊr] noun countable or uncountable (plural horsepower) (abbreviation hp)
■a unit for measuring the power of an engine 马力（引擎的功率单位元）
• a 100-horsepower engine 100马力的引擎
n. 马力（功率单位）
 - soup

Word: scallop
Front: scallop
[ˈskɒləp] (12363/24488 -1)
Back: n. 扇贝; 扇贝壳; 扇（贝）形
vt. 使成扇形
vi. 拾扇贝
时态：scalloped, scalloping, scallops
分布：扇贝壳(32%)，拾扇贝(23%)，使成扇形(23%)，=scollop.(11%)，扇形饰边(11%)
→来自古法语 escalope,贝壳，词源同 shell.
US ['skɑ:.ləp] noun countable
■a sea creature that can be eaten and which lives inside two joined flat round shells 扇贝； 干贝
n. [无脊椎] 扇贝， [水产] 干贝
 - scollop

Word: abort
Front: abort
[əˈbɔ:t] (托雅 12402/13979 -1)
Vocabulary: abort
(once / 561 pages)
vn
To abort something is to end it. When something is aborted, it's finished.
In a movie, you may have seen people on some kind of mission yelling "Abort! Abort!" That means "Stop!" When you abort a plan or activity, you're ending it, usually prematurely. If you abort a dinner, you cancel it in the middle. If the police abort a raid, they stop it after it has already begun. A writer could abort a novel after writing a chapter or two. You can't abort something that hasn't been started: that's more like canceling or postponing.
WORD FAMILY
abort: aborted, aborting, abortion, abortive, aborts+/ abortion: abortionist, abortions/abortionist: abortionists/ abortive: abortively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, poor balance, anorexia and aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, trouble with balance and anorexia, as well as aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Perry is close to Texas energy industry executives, and his political campaigns, including two aborted presidential campaigns, benefited substantially from their donations.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使流产; 使夭折; 使中止
vi. 流产; 堕胎; 发育不全
n. 流产; 中止计划
时态：aborted, aborting, aborts
分布：中止(58%)，流产(32%)，堕胎(10%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，非。词根ori, 升起,同origin. -t, 过去分词格。指没有正常出生的，即流产。
US [-'bɔ:rt] verb
STOP 中止
transitive
■to cause something to stop or fail before it begins or before it is complete 中止；使夭折；使中途失败
• The plan/flight had to be aborted at the last minute. 计划／飞行被迫在最后一刻取消。
UK [ə'bɔ:t] US [-'bɔ:rt] verb
END PREGNANCY 停止妊娠
transitive
■to stop the development of a baby that has not been born, usually by having a medical operation （通常指透过手术）堕胎，人工流产
• Do you think it's wrong to use aborted foetuses for medical research? 你是否认为用流产的婴儿做医学研究不道德？
intransitive
■another word for miscarry miscarry 的另一种说法 See at miscarriage
vi. 流产；堕胎；夭折；发育不全
 - miscarry, come to an untimely end
vt. 使流产；使中止
 - discontinue

Word: respectfully
Front: respectfully
[rɪ'spektfəlɪ] (12404/15422)
Vocabulary: respectfully
(once / 742 pages)
adv
Respectfully describes words and actions that show honor and worth. When people behave respectfully toward one another, they are polite and take the other people's feelings into consideration.
The adverb respectfully describes the way you treat or interact with someone you hold in high regard, admire, or perhaps simply have been told to treat with politeness. You can also behave respectfully by upholding certain traditions, like singing your school's alma mater and standing for the national anthem at sporting events. Don't confuse it with respectively, or in the order given.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
respectfully / respectively
If you kiss the mob boss's ring, do it respectfully, or full of respect and admiration. But respectively means "in the order given," so if you have to kiss up to the rest of the mob, make sure to shake hands and high five Jimmy Rags and Tommy Two Face, respectively because Jimmy prefers a handshake, but Tommy loves a good high five.
To show respect is to show how you admire something or someone, to show deference or obedience. Therefore, when you do something respectfully, you're being polite because you do it full of respect:
Mr. Ruck listened, as he always listened, respectfully. (Henry James)
"So tonight, we are respectfully asking the candidates to try to put aside the talking points," he says. (Time)
The servants bowed respectfully, and retired in silence. (Bernhard Severin Ingemann)
Respectively, on the other hand, means in a manner that treats several things individually, one by one, in a sequence. It's a way to keep lists parallel, and it rescues sentences from extra words:
By comparison, Mitalas said fellow Metro League schools Seattle Prep and Lakeside had 70 and 40 turn out, respectively. (Seattle Times)
That's easier to say than "Seattle Prep had a turn out of 70 and Lakeside had a turn out of 40." Same goes for this quote from an obituary of actor Cliff Robertson:
His TV performances in "Days of Wine and Roses" and "The Hustler," for example, were filmed with Jack Lemmon and Paul Newman, respectively. (Washington Post)
Sign your emails "respectfully yours" if you're full of respect for the person you're writing to, and save respectively for singling things out. The grammar mob appreciates your attention to these details.
WORD FAMILY
respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ disrespectful: disrespectfully/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We are respectfully urging them not to engage in any further unnecessary delay and just release the funds.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Foster confirmed he was indeed asked, but he later nixed the idea, saying on Instagram that he “politely and respectfully declined”.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The natural decibel level here is low, respectfully so for the sacred sites.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 恭敬地; 此致敬礼
分布：恭敬地(100%)
adverb
POLITE 礼貌
■in a way that shows you want to be polite or honour someone 恭敬的；按照礼仪的；有礼貌的
• When she was asked if she had any ambition to become prime minister, she respectfully (= politely) declined to answer the question. 当被问及她是否有问鼎首相职位的抱负时，她婉言迴避了这个问题。
• As the body was carried through the crowd, people drew back respectfully (= to show their respect). 当遗体被抬过人群时，人们满怀敬意地退后让道。
[rɪ'spekt.fəl.i] adverb
ADMIRATION 尊重
■in a way that shows you admire someone or something 敬意地
• The audience clapped respectfully as she stood up to speak. 当她起身发言时，观众们满怀敬意地鼓掌欢迎。
[rɪ'spekt.fəl.i] adverb
Respectfully yours
■a very formal and polite way of ending a letter （正式信函的信末套语）（某某）敬上
adv. 尊敬地
 - venerably

Word: fateful
Front: fateful
[ˈfeɪtfl] (托 12405/14139 -1)
Vocabulary: fateful
(once / 2262 pages)
adj
A fateful moment is one that seems impossible to avoid. And when a fateful event occurs, it feels like it will have a big impact on your future — and usually not in a good way.
“I can fit my head into this jar!” — fateful words that resulted in a trip to the hospital. Most of the time, fateful spells disaster. There was the fateful day you left your guinea pig’s cage door open, and there are fateful decisions that seem innocent at the time, but come back to haunt you later. Fate is the idea that your life is mapped out, and a fateful instance is one significant landmark on that map.
WORD FAMILY
fateful: fatefulest, fatefully+/ fate: fated, fateful, fates, fating/fated: ill-fated
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Monday, Fawaz wrote of the fateful day in a Twitter post.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
As Wilson and others describe their candid and complex emotional reactions to the events that unfolded that fateful day, “Tower” becomes transcendent.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
One other way to look at Trump’s fateful appointment is not just as a reply, but as an action.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 重大的; 命中注定的; 决定性的; 预言性的
分布：重大的(47%)，决定性的(33%)，宿命的(20%)
→来自fate, 命运。
adjective [before noun]
■having an important and usually negative effect on the future 对未来有重大（负面）影响的
• the fateful day of President Kennedy's assassination 甘乃迪总统遇刺的灾难性的一天
• He made the fateful decision to send in the troops. 他作出了派遣部队这个影响重大的决定。
adj. 重大的；决定性的；宿命的
 - important, significant, crucial, critical, great

Word: diffuse
Front: diffuse
[dɪˈfju:s] (研六托雅宝 12366/11715 -1)
Vocabulary: diffuse
(once / 613 pages)
adjv
Diffuse mean spread out, or the action of spreading out. If lots of people in school believe invisible angels are everywhere, you could say that opinion is diffuse. You might even think angels are diffuse as well.
As a verb, diffuse means to spread something out, but also applies to spreading things such as ideas or culture so that they become widely known. When something is diffused, it's mixed in, and when you drop propaganda pamphlets out of airplanes you're diffusing the propaganda. The adjective comes from Latin diffusus, from diffundere "to pour in different directions," from the prefix dis- "apart" plus fundere "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
diffuse: diffused, diffusely, diffuseness, diffuser, diffuses, diffusing, diffusion, diffusive, diffusor+/diffused: diffusedly/diffuser: diffusers/ diffusion: diffusions/diffusive: diffusively/diffusor: diffusors
USAGE EXAMPLES
National health spending is also re-accelerating as the law diffuses through the system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
But by employing a nonlinear structure, Cheng Er — who wrote, directed and edited this film — severely diffuses the story’s dramatic impact.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The next morning, the woman’s husband arrived at the hospital, enveloped in the same diffuse, blanching rash.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 四散的; 散开的; 冗长的; 累赘的
vi. 传播; 四散
vt. 漫射; 发散; 弥漫; 舒缓
时态：diffused, diffusing, diffuses
分布：弥漫(61%)，扩散(24%)，传播(10%)，冗长的(3%)，散开(1%)，四散的(1%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-fus, 流，涌，词源同fusion, confuse. 即光线向不同方向流出，漫射开。
散布的,散开的(dif+fusc流→分开流→散布的)[dif-和辅音重复表示"不,否定,分开"]
散播a.四散的(dif分开+fuse→分流_→散播)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
v.扩散;传播a.(文章等)冗长的,漫无边际的I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱.
【记】dif不同，fuse流，引线－向不同方向流－散射
【参】confuse（vt 使糊涂；混淆）；transfuse（vt 灌输；输血）；diffusion（n 扩散；传播；漫射）
【反】focus（v 集中）
verb intransitive or transitive /dɪˈfjuːz/
■to (cause something to) spread in many directions （使）扩散，（使）传播，（使）散布
• Television is a powerful means of diffusing knowledge. 电视是传播知识的有力工具。
■to (cause a gas or liquid to) spread through or into a surrounding substance by mixing with it （使气体或液体）弥漫，扩散，渗透
• Oxygen diffuses from the lungs into the bloodstream. 氧气从肺部渗透到血液之中。
• The drop of red dye diffused slowly in the water. 那滴红色染料在水中慢慢扩散开来。
adjective]dɪˈfjuːs/
SPREAD 扩散的
■spread out and not directed in one place 扩散的，弥漫的，分散的
• a diffuse light 漫射光
• The company has become large and diffuse. 公司规模大了，业务范围也更广了。
adjective]dɪˈfjuːs/
NOT CLEAR 费解的 disapproving
■not clear or easy to understand 含混的，费解的，晦涩的
• a diffuse literary style 晦涩的文风
scatter, diffuse, spread, disperse
这组词都有“使分散、使散开”的意思，其区别是：
scatter: 普通用词，指用暴力等手段使人或物向四处散开，或把物随意撒开。
diffuse: 指光线、声音或气味等在空中传送或散布，强调覆盖面积与物质分布相对密度之间的关系。
spread: 指一直延伸、蔓延，侧重遍及。
disperse: 多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散。
diffuse, dilute, disperse, dissolve
diffuse: 使扩散（气体或热量等的扩散或弥漫）
dilute: 稀释，减少事物的强度，浓度，纯度
disperse: 扩散，消散
dissolve: 溶解，固体溶解于水中
adj. 弥漫的； [植] [物] 散开的
 - divergent
vt. [物] 扩散；传播；漫射
 - transmit, spread abroad
vi. 传播；四散
 - spread abroad, to disseminate

Word: agonizing
Front: agonizing
[ˈægənaɪzɪŋ] (12407/20971 -1)
Back: adj. 痛苦难忍的; 使人苦恼的
v. 使极度痛苦; 折磨(agonize的ing形式)
分布：苦恼的(49%)，痛苦难忍的(42%)，动词agonize的现在分词形式.(9%)
(UK usually agonising) ['æg.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ] adjective
■causing extreme physical or mental pain 使人十分痛苦的；折磨人的
• an agonizing death 痛苦的死亡
■causing extreme worry 令人焦虑不安的
• She went through an agonizing few weeks waiting for the test results. 检查结果出来前的几个星期里，她每天都提心吊胆，度日如年。
• We are faced with an agonizing choice/decision/dilemma. 我们面临痛苦的选择／抉择／两难困境。
adj. 苦恼的；痛苦难忍的
 - strait, heartsore

Word: missed
Front: missed
['mɪst] (12396/19066)
Back: v. 错过（miss的过去式和过去分词 ）
分布：错过(55%)，想念(38%)，漏掉(7%)
N-TITLE
小姐(用于女孩或未婚女子的姓名前面)
You use Miss in front of the name of a girl or unmarried woman when you are speaking to her or referring to her.
例：It was nice talking to you, Miss Giroux...吉鲁小姐，和您谈话很愉快。
例：Miss Singleton didn't call back, did she?...辛格尔顿小姐没有回电话，是吗？
N-VOC
小姐(一些学校里孩子对女教师的称呼)
In some schools, children address their women teachers as Miss .
例：'Chivers!' — 'Yes, Miss?'“奇弗斯！”——“什么事，老师？”
N-VOC
女士，小姐(有时用于称呼年轻女子)
People sometimes address young women as Miss .
例：'I wouldn't know about that, Miss,' the woman said, backing away.“我不想知道那件事情，小姐，”这个女人一边后退一边说。
N-TITLE
小姐，皇后(用于地名或地区前，表示某地选美比赛中的冠军)
Miss is used in front of the name of a place or region to refer to the young woman who has been chosen in a competition as the most beautiful woman there.
例：Kappy was named Miss Hawaii in 1954.卡皮被选为1954年的夏威夷小姐。
例：...two former Miss Scotlands.两名前苏格兰小姐

Word: elite
Front: elite
[eɪˈli:t] (研六托雅宝 2735/4216 -2)
Vocabulary: elite
(once / 1044 pages)
nadj
The elite are the group thought to be the best and having the highest status. In the middle ages, only elite men were taught to read and write.
There are elite schools, elite teams, and elite players, some really the best and some just calling themselves the best. Who can join the basketball elite besides LeBron James and Michael Jordan? That's a matter of opinion. Elite is used with a singular or plural verb, depending on whether these special people are considered together as a group or as individual members of a group.
WORD FAMILY
elite: elitely, elites, elitism +/ elitism: elitist / elitist: elitists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The venue, called Reina, is perched on the Bosporus and is popular with Istanbul’s elite, including musicians and soccer players.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
To them, undomesticated crassness meant that he wasn’t one of the intelligentsia or the political elite.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Williams said Pickens’ comments about the fired employees “not fitting in” reinforces a long history of African-Americans not being allowed into elite, private-club settings.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. <法>精华; 精锐，精英; 上层集团; （统称）掌权人物
分布：精英(89%)，精英的(8%)，优秀的(3%)
→来自法语。e-, 向外。-lit, 选出，字母c脱落，词源同eligible, elect.
精英人物(e出+lite[=lig选]→选出的[人物]→精英人物)[lect,lig=choose,gather表示"选择,收集"]
社会精英(el[=elect选择]+ite...选出的人物)[-ite 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或物"3.表动词"促成"]
n.[集合名词]精华;精锐;中坚分子The lateral elite is literally illiterate.边上的杰出人物简直是文盲.
noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
 ADVANCED
■the richest, most powerful, best educated or best trained group in a society （社会）上层集团；掌权人物；出类拔萃的人，精英
• the country's educated elite 这个国家受过良好教育的精英
• a member of the elite 上层集团的一员
• disapproving A powerful and corrupt elite has bled this country dry. 该国专权腐败的权贵阶层榨干了人民的血汗。
[ɪ'li:t] adjective [before noun]
• Elite (= A group of excellent) troops were airlifted to the trouble zone. 精锐部队被空运到骚乱地区。
n. 精英；精华；中坚分子
 - essence, flower, regular, prime, distillation

Word: speaking
Front: speaking
['spi:kɪŋ] (雅 11223/11083 -2)
Back: n. 说话; 讲话; 谈话; 演讲
adj. 演讲的; 富于表情的; （肖像）栩栩如生的; 雄辩的
v. 讲，谈(speak的现在分词 )
分布：发言的(35%)，栩栩如生的(26%)，动词speak的现在分词.(13%)，能说明问题的(13%)，能说的(13%)
N-UNCOUNT
发表讲话;演讲
Speaking is the activity of giving speeches and talks.
例：It would also train women union members in public speaking and decision-making...它还将培养工会的女性成员公开演讲和决策的能力。
例：His work schedule still includes speaking engagements and other public appearances.他的工作日程表上还包括演讲安排和在其他公开场合的露面。
PREP-PHRASE
(表示说话者身份)作为…来说
You can say 'speaking as a parent' or 'speaking as a teacher', for example, to indicate that the opinion you are giving is based on your experience as a parent or as a teacher.
例：Well, speaking as a journalist I'm dismayed by the amount of pressure there is for pictures of combat.嗯，作为一名新闻记者，拍摄战争场面的巨大压力让我深感不安。
PREP-PHRASE
(接过话头引入新话题)说到…，谈到…
You can say speaking of something that has just been mentioned as a way of introducing a new topic which has some connection with that thing.
例：There's plenty of time to drop hints for Christmas presents! And speaking of presents, we have 100 exclusive fragrance collections to give away.还有足够的时间去暗示自己想要的圣诞礼物！说到礼物，我们有 100 份限量版香水要赠送。
PHRASE
一般说来/从技术角度说来
You use speaking in expressions such as generally speaking and technically speaking to indicate which things or which particular aspect of something you are talking about.
例：Generally speaking there was no resistance to the idea...一般说来，没有人会反对这个观点。
例：Politically speaking, do you think that these moves have been effective?从政治角度来说，你认为这些举措有效吗？
adj. 演讲的；富于表情的，雄辩的
 - eloquent, Demosthenic
n. 说话；演讲
 - speech, address, lecture, talk

Word: virtuous
Front: virtuous
[ˈvɜ:tʃuəs] (托雅宝 12389/14599 -1)
Vocabulary: virtuous
(once / 434 pages)
1adj 2adj
Virtuous is “good” with a halo. If you call someone virtuous, you are saying that person is living according to high moral standards. Someone virtuous is who you want leading your Girl Scout troop.
When you use virtuous to describe an action, like, "Your decision to cancel your vacation plans when your mom got sick was virtuous," it’s almost as though you’re referring to an ideal of goodness. In past centuries, virtuous was synonymous with virginal. In many 18th century English novels, for example, a woman didn't even have to be all that nice to be called virtuous; it just mattered that she was sexually innocent.
WORD FAMILY
virtuous: virtuosity, virtuousest, virtuously, virtuousness+/ virtue: virtues, virtuous / virtuosity: virtuosities
USAGE EXAMPLES
"The Stop Slavery Award wants to start a virtuous circle by proving that corporations play a key role in the fight against slavery," she added.
Reuters(Nov 30, 2016)
The hustle and stress of the holidays can throw even the most virtuous eaters off course.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 24, 2016)
The magical thinking went like this: One could lead a virtuous life, modeling Christ’s humility, but however morally upright, it would never be enough.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有道德的，有德行的; 善良的; 贞洁的; 有效力的
分布：有品德的(38%)，有德行的(33%)，贞洁的(29%)
【记】源于：virtue（n 美德；优点）
【反】nefarious（adj 邪恶的）；base（adj 卑鄙的）
US ['vɝ:-] adjective
■having good moral qualities and behaviour 道德高尚的；拥有美德的；品行端正的
• He described them as a virtuous and hard-working people. 他将他们描述成一个品德高尚、勤劳善良的民族。
■disapproving
■describes a person who thinks himself or herself morally better than other people 自命清高的，自命不凡的
• I'm convinced he only does that charity work so he can feel virtuous. 我确信他做那份慈善工作只是为了让自己感觉比别人高尚。
adj. 善良的；有道德的；贞洁的；正直的；有效力的
 - straight, square, just

Word: taco
Front: taco
[ˈtækəʊ] (12360/46027)
Back: n. （包着肉、蔬菜和辣酱的）墨西哥玉米薄饼卷
分布：墨西哥煎玉米卷(100%)
→来自墨西哥西班牙语 taco,简易午餐，来自西班牙语 taco,塞子，榫子。后用于指常见午餐食 物玉米粉卷，比喻用法。
US ['tɑ:.koʊ] (plural tacos)
noun countable
■a hard, folded tortilla (= thin flat bread) filled with meat, cheese, etc. and hot spicy sauce （碎肉、起司等作馅的）墨西哥煎玉米卷
n. 墨西哥煎玉米卷；墨西哥人
 - Mex, Mexican

Word: pop
Front: pop
[pɒp] (中研四六雅 2545/3228 -K3)
Back: vi. （意外地、突然地）出现; 突然出现; 发出爆裂声; （突然地）行动
vt. （突然地）伸出; （突然地）提出问题; （把准备好的东西）突然拿出来; 敲击
n. 流行音乐; 汽水; （尤用作称呼）爸; （迅速打上的）记号
adj. 流行音乐的; 通俗风格的; 通俗的; 现代的
adv. 爆炸；砰地
abbr. 邮局协议(post office protocol)
时态：popped, popping, pops
分布：流行的(36%)，突然出现(16%)，取出(11%)，热门的(8%)，通俗的(6%)，开枪(6%)，爆开(6%)，睁大(4%)，突然行动(4%)，爆裂声(3%)
→拟声词。
a.流行的n.(发出)砰的一声v.突然出现The pop song is popular in the populous city.这首流行歌曲在人口稠密的城市流行.
US [pɑ:p] noun
MUSIC 音乐
 IMPROVER uncountable (formal popular music)
■modern popular music, usually with a strong beat, created with electrical or electronic equipment, and easy to listen to and remember 流行音乐
• pop music 流行音乐
• a pop concert/song 流行音乐会／歌曲
• What do you want to listen to - jazz, classical or pop? 你想听甚么——爵士乐、古典音乐还是流行音乐？
• The song reached No. 32 in the pop charts. 这首歌升到了流行音乐排行榜的第32位。
• She wants to be a pop singer/star like Madonna. 她想成为一名像玛丹娜那样的流行歌手／歌星。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
SOUND 声音
countable
■a short sharp sound, like something exploding 发出砰的一声
• I heard a pop and the lights went out. 我听到砰的一声，灯就灭了。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
FATHER 父亲 mainly US informal
■a father 爸爸
• [as form of address] Hey Pop, can I do anything to help? 嘿，爸，我能帮甚么忙吗？
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
DRINK 喝
uncountable (US usually soda) old-fashioned informal
■a sweet fizzy (= with bubbles) drink, usually with a fruit flavour （通常有果味的）汽水
• a bottle of pop 一瓶汽水
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
CRITICISM 批评
take a pop at sb UK informal
■to criticize someone, especially in public （尤指当众）批评（某人），指责（某人）
• She never expected anyone from her own family to take a pop at her. 她从未料到自己的家人会当众指责她。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
OCCASION/OBJECT 事情／项目
countable usually singular US informal
■each particular occasion or object in a series （一系列事情中的）一次，一项
• She gives lectures and gets paid $5 000 a pop. 她做系列讲座，每次报酬5000美元。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] noun
go pop humorous
■to explode 爆炸
• If I eat any more I'm going to go pop! 我再吃肚子就会撑破了！
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
GO 去
 ADVANCED intransitive + adverb or preposition mainly UK informal
■to go to a particular place 去
• I've just got to pop into the bank to get some money. 我刚去银行领了些钱。
• Paula popped out for a minute. 宝拉出去了一会儿。
• Would you pop upstairs and see if Grandad is okay? 你能上楼去看看爷爷怎么样了吗？
• Why don't you pop in/over and see us this afternoon? 你今天下午为甚么不过来看看我们呢？
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
SOUND 声音
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) make a short explosive sound, often by breaking something （使）发出砰的一声；（使）爆开
• The kids were popping all the birthday balloons. 孩子们把所有的生日气球都弄爆了。
• The music played and champagne corks popped. 音乐声响起，香槟酒砰砰地打开了。
intransitive
■If your ears pop, you experience a strange noise and feeling in your ears as a result of a sudden change in air pressure （耳压）变化；耳膜胀痛
• My ears always pop as the plane comes in to land. 飞机降落时我的耳朵总是胀痛。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
MOVE 移动
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly and suddenly, especially from a closed space （尤指从封闭的空间）爆开，弹出来
• When you open the box, a clown pops out. 你打开盒子时，一个小丑会弹出来。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
PUT 放置
transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to put or take something quickly 迅速地拿；快速地放
• If you pop the pizza in the oven now, it'll be ready in 15 minutes. 如果你现在把比萨放在炉子里，15分钟就好了。
• He popped his head into the room/ round the door and said "Lunchtime!" 他把头探进房间／从门后探出来说：“吃午饭了！”
• Pop your shoes on and let's go. 穿上鞋，我们走吧。
pop pills informal
■to take pills regularly, especially ones containing an illegal drug 经常性服药；（尤指）服用违法药品，磕药
• A decade of heavy drinking and popping pills ruined her health. 十年来的酗酒和服药毁了她的健康。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
your eyes pop out of your head informal
■a way of describing the way you look when you are extremely surprised to see something or someone （表示惊奇）眼睛瞪得都要掉出来了
• When she saw the amount written on the cheque, her eyes nearly popped out of her head. 当她看到支票上的数字时，她的眼珠子瞪得都快要掉出来了。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
pop your clogs UK humorous
■to die 死，死亡
• I think I'll leave all my money to charity when I pop my clogs. 我想我死后要把所有的钱都捐给慈善事业。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
pop the question
■to ask someone to marry you 求婚
• So did he pop the question, then? 那么，接着他求婚了？
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pop off humorous
■to die 死，死亡
• You're all just waiting till I pop off so you can get your hands on my money. 你们都在等我死，好来分我的钱。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pop sb off humorous
■to kill someone 杀死（某人），干掉（某人）
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  pop up informal
■to appear or happen, especially suddenly or unexpectedly （尤指突然地）出现，发生
• She's one of those film stars who pops up everywhere, on TV, in magazines, on Broadway. 她是那种四处露脸的影星，在电视上、杂志上、百老汇，到处可见她的身影。
• The words 'Hard disk failure - program aborted' popped up on the screen. “硬碟故障——程式终止”这几个字突然出现在萤幕上。
UK [pɒp] US [pɑ:p] adjective [before noun]
■enjoyed by many people and easy to understand 流行的（许多人欣赏且容易理解的）
• Dario Fo, the famous Italian playwright, is a pop Pirandello. 达里奥‧福是著名的义大利剧作家，和皮兰德娄齐名，只是剧作较流行通俗。
• 'Silence of the Lambs' was pop film-making at its best. “沉默的羔羊”是流行电影业的代表作品。
n. 流行音乐；汽水；砰然声；枪击
 - world music, fizzwater
vi. 突然出现；爆开；射击；瞪大；发出爆裂声
 - crop up, break out in
vt. 取出；开枪打；抛出；突然伸出；突然行动
 - extract, take of
adj. 流行的；通俗的；热门的
 - popular, fashionable, going, ruling, epidemic
adv. 突然；砰地
 - short, amain

Word: fill
Front: fill
[fɪl] (中高 686/900 -K4)
Vocabulary: fill
(once / 33 pages)
1vn 2v
When you fill something, you add to it until it's full, or has enough. When your car's almost out of gas, you have to fill the tank at a gas station.
You can fill a bathtub with hot water and bubbles, but there's also a figurative way to fill: "Scary movies fill me with anxiety," or "Traveling fills me with a sense of adventure." When the smell of chopped raw onions fills the air in your kitchen, your eyes might reflexively fill with tears. When fill is a noun, it means "something that fills a space."
WORD FAMILY
fill: filled, filler, filling, fills, overfill, refill +/filled: unfilled/filler: fillers/filling: fillings/overfill: overfilled, overfilling, overfills/ refill: refilled, refilling, refills/refilling: refillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
We got enough precipitation to fill our reservoirs for the summer.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A minibus filled with dead passengers was on fire.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Arguably more important than the legislative agenda for gun rights groups is Mr. Trump’s choice to fill the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）充满，（使）装满
vt. 满足; 配药; （按订单）供应; 使充满（感情）
n. 填满…的量; 充分; 装填物; 路堤
时态：filled, filling, fills
分布：填充(47%)，装满(41%)，弥漫(5%)，担任(5%)，足量(2%)
→来自full的动词形式。
v.(with)填满,充满The driller filled the grill with brilliant film.钻孔者在烤架上填满辉煌的胶片.
verb
SPACE 地方
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to make or become full; to use empty space （使）充满，（使）装满，（使）注满；占据；布满
• I filled the bucket with water. 我往桶里注满了水。
• I could hear the cistern filling. 我听见往蓄水池里注水的声音。
• I went to the library to fill (in) an hour (= use that period of time) until the meeting. 我去图书馆打发开会前的一个小时。
• figurative Happy sounds filled the room (= could be heard everywhere in the room). 房间里充满了欢声笑语。
• figurative The thought of it fills me with (= makes me feel) dread. 一想到它我心中就充满恐惧。
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to put a substance into an empty space （以…）填塞，充注
• Before painting, fill (in) all the cracks in the plaster. 粉刷之前先把所有的裂缝用灰泥填满。
• These cakes are filled with cream. 这些蛋糕是鲜奶油夹心的。
• figurative The product clearly filled a need/gap in the market. 该产品显然填补了市场的需求／空白。
transitive
■to put a substance into a hole in a tooth to repair it 补（牙）
• You should get that cavity filled. 你应该把那个牙洞补上。
[fɪl] verb
JOB 工作
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to give a job or position to someone 派人担任
• I'm sorry, the job/post/vacancy has already been filled. 很抱歉，这个工作／职位／空缺已经有人充任了。
• We would prefer to fill the post with (= give it to) a recent graduate. 我们更想找个应届大学毕业生来做这份工作。
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fill sth in/out IMPROVER
■to write the necessary information on an official document 填写（正式档）
• to fill in a form/questionnaire 填写表格／调查问卷
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fill sb in
■to give someone extra or missing information 向（某人）提供（额外或漏听的资讯）
• I filled her in on the latest gossip. 我告诉了她最新的小道消息。
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fill in
■to do someone else's work for them because they cannot or will not do it themselves 代替；临时补缺
• Volunteers would fill in for teachers in the event of a strike. 如果出现罢工的话，义务工作者会顶替老师授课。
• I'm not her regular secretary - I'm just filling in. 我不是她的常任秘书，我现在只是临时顶替。
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  fill out
■If someone who is thin fills out, they become heavier and more rounded, often because they have grown older. （常指因年龄增长而）发福，长胖
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fill (sth) up IMPROVER
■to become full, or to make something become full （使）充满；（使）填满
• The seats in the hall were filling up fast. 礼堂里的座位很快就坐满了。
• As she read the poem, their eyes filled up with tears. 她朗读那首诗时，他们热泪盈眶。
[fɪl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fill sb up
■If food fills you up, it makes you feel as if you have eaten enough 让（某人）吃得很饱
• That sandwich really filled me up. 吃完那个三明治我觉得很饱。
[fɪl] noun uncountable
■someone's fill is as much as they want or as much as they can deal with 需要的量；可应付的量
• He took only a few minutes to eat/drink his fill. 他只花了几分钟时间就吃饱了／喝够了。
• I'd had my fill of his rude remarks. 我已经听够了他粗鲁无礼的言论。
vt. 装满，使充满；满足；堵塞；任职
 - full of, fulfill, freight, meet
vi. 被充满，膨胀
 - swell with, intumesce
n. 满足；填满的量；装填物
 - satisfaction, content

Word: blitz
Front: blitz
[blɪts] (12387/11629 -1)
Vocabulary: blitz
(once / 4168 pages)
nv
A sudden, overwhelming military attack during war is a blitz. Sometimes a major blitz can lead to the end of a conflict.
The idea of a blitz is that it either overpowers or completely surprises the enemy, and it often involves bombing from overheard. The military use of blitz has migrated to sports as well, especially in American football when the defense bursts through the offense or rushes the passer. Any kind of unexpected attack, in fact, has come to be known as a blitz. The word comes from the German Blitzkrieg, "rapid attack."
WORD FAMILY
blitz: blitzed, blitzes, blitzing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The films explored Hull's history, from the Blitz to sporting triumphs.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Giants’ defense was energetic and disruptive, bottling up an explosive offense with aggressive blitzes.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But they were blitzed early and often by the league’s highest-scoring offense.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 闪电战; 大规模空袭; 突然袭击，闪电攻势
vt. 用闪电战攻击
vi. 实行闪电战
adj. 闪电战的; 闪电式的，凌厉的
时态：blitzed, blitzing, blitzes
分布：以闪击战攻击或破坏(100%)
noun countable
ATTACK 进攻
■a fast, violent attack on a town, city, etc. usually with bombs dropped from aircraft 闪电攻击（通常伴有飞机轰炸）
[blɪts] noun countable
ACTIVITY 活动
■a lot of energetic activity 集中力量的行动，闪电式行动
• The car was launched with a massive media/advertising blitz , involving newspapers, magazines, television and radio. 该车上市场时做了大量宣传／广告，所利用的媒体包括报纸、杂志、电视和电台。
■specialized
■when both players have to make a lot of moves in a very short period at the end of a timed game of chess , before the time allowed is past （限时棋类比赛中所剩时间很短时的）闪电落子
[blɪts] noun countable
a blitz on sth informal
■a great effort to improve something or do something that needs to be done 对…的突击
• We had a blitz on the house at the weekend and cleaned it completely. 我们周末彻底打扫了房子，收拾得干干净净。

Word: underdog
Front: underdog
[ˈʌndədɒg] (宝 12386/20161 -1)
Back: n. 失败者; 退居下风的人; 受压迫者; 打败了的选手
分布：受害者(51%)，处于劣势的一方(21%)，牺牲者(14%)，输家(14%)
【记】under下，dog狗：下面的狗－居于下风者
【参】underestimate（v 低估）；underhanded（adj 秘密的）；underrate（v 低估）
【反】bully（n 欺凌弱小者；v 威吓）
US [-dɚ.dɑ:g] noun
the underdog only singular
■a person or group of people with less power, money, etc. than the rest of society 弱者；弱势群体
• As a politician, her sympathy was always for the underdog in society. 作为一名政治家，她一直同情社会上的弱势群体。
countable usually singular
■in a competition, the person or team considered to be the weakest and the least likely to win （比赛中）不被看好的一方
n. 失败者；受压迫者；斗败了的狗
 - failure, loser

Word: sunflower
Front: sunflower
[ˈsʌnflaʊə(r)] (托 12373/20192 -1)
Back: n. 向日葵; 葵花籽; 向日葵色
分布：向日葵(100%)
→sun,太阳，flower,花。即花瓣朝向太阳的花。
US [-ˌflaʊr] noun countable
■a plant usually having a very tall stem and a single large round flat yellow flower, with many long thin narrow petals close together 向日葵
n. [作物] 向日葵
 - helianthus annuus

Word: ledger
Front: ledger
[ˈledʒə(r)] (宝 12398/10467)
Vocabulary: ledger
(once / 2276 pages)
n
A ledger is kind of like a diary, but for money. It's a book for keeping track of expenses, profits, and other financial matters.
A ledger is an accounting journal used to keep track of money. Businesses — or their accountants — keep careful ledgers so they know how much money is coming in and going out. If you've ever heard the expression "cook the books" — meaning cheat financially by making things up — the "books" are ledgers. If you like numbers and money, maybe you should become an accountant so you can help people with their ledgers.
WORD FAMILY
ledger: ledgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is why his staff prepares a new ledger for him before every game.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was married in that film to Heath Ledger, who became her real-life partner and the father of her daughter, Matilda Rose.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Ledgers, cookbooks and even antiphonaries help tell how the nuns lived over the centuries.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 分类账
分布：分类帐(62%)，总帐(38%)
→来自legh,放置，词源同lay,lager,插入字母d.原指教堂放在固定位置的祷告书。后引申词义帐本，帐目表，因帐目表通常放在固定的安全位置，同时也因为帐目表的重要性。
【记】读：赖帐－要想赖帐需要在帐本上做手脚。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a book in which things are regularly recorded, especially business activities and money received or paid 分类帐
n. 总帐，分户总帐； [会计] 分类帐；帐簿；底帐；（手脚架上的）横木
 - general account, book of account

Word: one-quarter
Front: one-quarter
None None
Back: num. [数] 四分之一
分布：四分之一(100%)

Word: mania
Front: mania
[ˈmeɪniə] (研托雅宝 12415/14608 -1)
Vocabulary: mania
(once / 964 pages)
n
Mania is an extreme interest, desire, or craze. If you dye your dog's fur to match the colors of your favorite football team, you might be suffering from sportsmania.
Mania has for centuries been associated with “madness” or “mental derangement.” It's still used in the mental health fields to mean the excitable, overactive phase of bipolar disorder or, as a suffix, to describe a compulsion, such as kleptomania (to steal) or pyromania (to set fires). More generally, it might be used as a suffix to describe enthusiasm, as in Beatlemania (The Beatles) or Pottermania (Harry Potter).
WORD FAMILY
mania: maniac, manias+/ maniac: maniacal, maniacs/ maniacal: maniacally/ manic: mania, manically, maniclike
USAGE EXAMPLES
As it happens, mania was Lowell’s most enduring diagnosis in his many years as a psychiatric patient.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
I met Mr. Diaz at the supreme manifestation of the state’s truck mania: the Texas Truck Rodeo.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
She was all there, all the time: exuberant in describing her mania, savage and tender when recalling her despair.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <医>狂躁; 狂热; 热衷; 狂爱
分布：狂热(79%)，癖好(17%)，... 狂(2%)，对 ... 有过分的热情(2%)
→来自拉丁语mania,发狂，发疯，来自men,思想，思考，词源同mind,mention.-ia,疾病后缀。即脑子出问题的，着迷的，或发狂，发疯。
【记】man男人，ia病－男人都是球迷－狂热
【参】kleptomania（n 盗窃狂）；bibliomania（n 爱书癖）
noun countable or uncountable
STRONG INTEREST 强烈的兴趣 disapproving
■a very strong interest in something which fills a person's mind or uses up all their time 狂热；热衷
• So why your sudden mania for exercise? 你为甚么突然热衷于锻炼了？
• The article describes the religious mania which is sweeping the US. 文章描述了席卷美国的宗教狂热。
['meɪ.ni.ə] noun countable or uncountable
MENTAL ILLNESS 心理疾病
■a state in which someone directs all their attention to one particular thing 痴迷；…狂；…癖
• Van Gogh suffered from acute persecution mania. 梵谷患有严重的被害妄想症。
• She's always cleaning - it's like a mania with her. 她总是不停在清扫——好像有洁癖。
specialized
■a state of extreme physical and mental activity, often involving a loss of judgment and periods of euphoria 躁狂症
n. 狂热；狂躁；热衷
 - abandon, fanaticism

Word: admonish
Front: admonish
[ədˈmɒnɪʃ] (托宝 12419/18934)
Vocabulary: admonish
(once / 652 pages)
v
To admonish is to scold. If you want to show someone you're not happy with his behavior, admonish him. It sounds better than "scolding," and it's less painful than spanking.
Coming to English through Old French from the Latin admonere "to advise, remind," admonish is always used with an eye on improving someone's behavior. The exact meaning of this formal verb varies in intensity depending generally on who is being corrected. If a child or subordinate is being admonished, it means "scold" or "rebuke" whereas if someone admonishes a person with equal standing, warn or advise are closer synonyms.
WORD FAMILY
admonish: admonished, admonisher, admonishes, admonishing, admonishment, admonition, admonitory +/admonisher: admonishers/admonishing: admonishingly/admonishment: admonishments/ admonition: admonitions/ admonitory: admonitorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Christianity, however, divine speech continues through the Gospels—the apostle Paul converts after hearing Jesus admonish him.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The next day, the ministry admonished more than 20 firms for failing to comply with emergency rules aimed at cutting emissions.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
He stopped the first song midway through to warmly admonish those in the crowd who were filming him on their phones.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 劝告; 训诫; （温和地）责备; 轻责
时态：admonished, admonishing, admonishes
分布：告诫(36%)，警告(27%)，提醒(19%)，训诫(14%)，敦促(4%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根mon, 建议，警告，同monitor,班长。
告诫,警告(ad+mon警告+ish→一再警告)[ad-加在在单词或词根前,表示"做…,加强..."]
训诫,警告(ad加强+mon+ish→加强警告→训诫)[mon,monit=warn,表示"警告"]
告诫(ad+mon警告+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
【记】ad一再，mon警告－警告ad，moni＝monitor（n 班长；监听器；vt 监控），sh：负责警告学生
【参】admonitory（adj 劝告的）；admonishment＝admonition（n 警告）
US [-'mɑ:.nɪʃ] formal
verb
transitive
■to tell someone that they have done something wrong 告诫；警告；责备
• His mother admonished him for eating too quickly. 他妈妈告诫他不要吃得太快。
transitive + to infinitive
■to advise someone to do something 力劝，忠告
• Her teacher admonished her to work harder for her exams. 她的老师劝告她想通过考试就要更努力地学习。
warn, caution, advise, admonish, counsel
这组词都有“劝告、忠告、警告”的意思，其区别是：
warn: 含义与caution相同，但语气较重，尤指重后果。
caution: 主要指针对有潜在危险而提出的警告，含小心从事的意味。
advise: 普通用词，泛指劝告，不涉及对方是否听从劝告。
admonish: 一般指年长者或领导对已犯错误的或有过失的人提出的忠告或警告以避免类似错误。
counsel: 正式用词，语气比advise强一些，侧重指对重要问题提出的劝告、建议或咨询。
vt. 告诫；劝告
 - correct, recommend

Word: emerald
Front: emerald
[ˈemərəld] (宝 12382/15155 -1)
Vocabulary: emerald
(once / 922 pages)
1n 2n
Emerald is a green gemstone. It's also the name of this particular shade of green. On St. Patrick's Day, you'll see the color emerald everywhere — in cupcake icing and maybe even in your beer.
Green things are called emerald because of the emerald itself, which is a green, transparent form of beryl and a precious gemstone. Gemstones are found in many forms of jewelry, and they're especially loved in Ireland, which is also known as the Emerald Isle. Like many gemstone names, emerald has a long pedigree in many languages: most immediately French, Latin, and Greek.
WORD FAMILY
emerald: emeralds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Emerald Coast Utilities Authority issued a notice of a sanitary sewer overflow caused by a 15-minute loss of power from a lightning strike.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Emerald City is one of several progressive urban outliers in the new era of conservative power.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Emerald City” looks very different from the beloved 1939 Judy Garland film.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 祖母绿; 绿宝石，翡翠; 翠绿色; [印]一种活字
adj. 祖母绿的; 翡翠的; 翠绿色的
分布：绿宝石(40%)，翡翠(36%)，翠绿色的(14%)，翡翠绿(5%)，翡翠的(5%)
→来自希伯来闪语。
【源】这种宝石大量产于爱尔兰岛＝Emerald Isle（绿宝石岛）
【记】ald＝old老祖母－祖母绿herald（n 先驱；v 预报）
noun
countable or uncountable
■a bright green transparent precious stone which is often used in jewellery 翡翠；绿宝石
uncountable (also emerald green)
■a bright green colour 翠绿色
n. 绿宝石，翡翠； [宝] 祖母绿；翠绿色
 - jade, beryl
adj. 翡翠的；翠绿色的
 - virid

Word: animate
Front: animate
[ˈænɪmeɪt] (宝 12412/18570)
Vocabulary: animate
(once / 212 pages)
vadj
At its most basic, animate means simply alive, while inanimate means not living, not moving around. But animate also means spirited, or brought to life.
Animated cartoons are what we think of as pictures come to life: animation. Animate derives from the Latin anima "life, soul, spirit." When you seem particularly filled with life, or high-spirited, if you laugh loudly, or use broad gestures, you're animated.
WORD FAMILY
animate: animated, animateness, animates, animating, animatingly, animation, animator, inanimate, reanimate +/ animated: animatedly, unanimated/ animation: animations/ animator: animators/ inanimate: inanimately, inanimateness/ reanimate: reanimated, reanimates, reanimating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Appleby was part of a generation of historians who examined the ideologies and beliefs that animated the American Revolution.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At this point the inclusion of this animated Netflix series on various Best of TV lists seems obligatory.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
“Within the confines of the material, you’ll find that you’re playing real people, as outsized as they may be,” he said, growing animated.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使有生气; 驱动; 使栩栩如生地动作; 赋予…以生命
adj. 有生命的; 活的; 有生气的; 生气勃勃的
时态：animated, animating, animates
分布：有生命的(37%)，鼓励(21%)，使有生气(18%)，有活力的(15%)，赋予生命(9%)
使有生气,活泼(anim+ate→使有生命)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
【记】anim生命，精神，ate表动作－使有生命
【参】animated（adj 活泼的）；animation（n 活泼，有生气）＝vivacitymagnanimous（adj 大度的）；unanimous（adj 意见一致的）
【反】lassitude（n 疲乏）－animation（n 活泼；有生气）；drone（n 嗡嗡的声音；单调的）
adjective]ˈæn.ɪ.mət/
■living; having life 有生命的，活的
verb transitive /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/
■to make someone seem more happy or active 使生气勃勃；使有活力
• A sparkle in his eyes animated his face whenever he smiled. 他一笑起来，眼睛就亮晶晶的，一时脸上也增添了生气。
vt. 使有生气；使活泼；鼓舞；推动
 - stimulate, lift, spirit, force, drive
adj. [生物] 有生命的
 - lived, zoetic

Word: passageway
Front: passageway
['pæsɪdʒweɪ] (12440/14711 -1)
Vocabulary: passageway
(once / 4367 pages)
n
A passageway is a hall or a walkway that connects one area to another. You might pass from a small museum through a passageway to an outdoor sculpture garden, for example.
Passageways typically connect rooms or buildings to each other, and they're generally walled and slightly narrow. A passageway in a hotel might lead from an elevator to your fancy suite, and a castle might be full of stone passageways leading from room to room, some of them hidden in the walls. This noun is American in origin, from passage and its French root passer, "to go by" and way, "road or path."
WORD FAMILY
passageway: passageways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hopeful signs were positioned at strategic intervals along the passageways through the nave, urging us to “Keep Christ in Christmas.”
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
The passageways were supposed to prevent exactly the sort of devastating chain reaction that occurred.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Narrow passageways lead to rows of rooms housing families.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指两面有墙的）通道，走廊
分布：通道(75%)，走廊(25%)
N-COUNT
走廊；通道；过道
A passageway is a long narrow space with walls or fences on both sides, which connects one place or room with another.
例：Outside, in the passageway, I could hear people moving about...我能听到有人在外面走廊里走动。
例：There's an underground passageway that connects the five buildings.有一条地下通道连接着那5栋大楼。
n. 通道；走廊
 - hall, door, exit, channel, route

Word: idle
Front: idle
[ˈaɪdl] (研四六雅宝 8146/7526 -2)
Vocabulary: idle
(once / 134 pages)
1adjvn 2adj 3adj 4adj
Something idle is not active. If your car is idling, it's running but not moving. If someone calls you idle, it either means they think you don't have enough to do or that you're just plain lazy.
Idle can also mean having no value or purpose: idle rumors are rumors that people make up when they're bored, but have no grounding in fact. As a verb, idle can also refer to a car engine that is running while the vehicle is not moving. The adjective descends from Middle English idel, from Old English īdel "empty."
WORD FAMILY
idle: idled, idlely, idleness, idler, idles, idlest, idling, idly+/idleness: idlenesses/idler: idlers/idling: idlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But whenever the franchise starts to idle, something pushes it.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In order to meet this demand for fresh content — a demand created by the process that supplies it — Jukin scales idle browsing to industrial proportions.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
As it sat idle for months, the dirt-covered floor of the foundry became home to deer, raccoons and snakes.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 无意义的; 空闲的; 懒惰的; 无根据的
vi. 虚度; 空转; 挂空挡; 未熄火
vt. 虚度; 使空转
n. （尤指暂时地）关闭工厂，使（工人）闲着
时态：idled, idling, idles
分布：无目的(50%)，不作事(50%)
→词源不详。
a.空闲的,闲置的;懒散的v.空费,虚度Having canceled X-ray scan, the cancerous candidate on the canvas ate the idle candles in the candy can.取消X线扫描后,帆布上的癌症候选人吃了糖果罐里的闲置蜡烛.
adjective
NOT WORKING 不工作的
■not working or being used 闲置的；不工作的
• Half these factories now stand idle. 这些工厂如今有半数闲置。
• It's crazy to have £7000 sitting idle in the bank. 把7000英镑闲置在银行里简直是疯了。
■An idle moment or period of time is one in which there is no work or activity 无所事事的，空闲的
• If you have an idle moment, call me. 如果你有空，给我打电话。
■without work; unemployed 无工作的，失业的
• Almost half of the workforce are now idle. 近一半劳动力现在都没有工作。
['aɪ.dl] adjective
NO PURPOSE 无目的的
[before noun]
■without any particular purpose 无目的的
• idle chatter/gossip/speculation 闲聊／闲扯／随意的猜测
• an idle glance 漫不经心的一瞥
• This is no idle threat. 这绝不是随口吓唬人。
['aɪ.dl] adjective
LAZY 懒惰的
■lazy and not willing to work 懒惰的
• He's a very able student, he's just bone idle (= very lazy). 他是个能力很强的学生，只是太懒了。
['aɪ.dl] verb intransitive (UK also tick over)
■If an engine or machine idles, it runs slowly but does not move or do any work （引擎）低速运转，空转
• He left the engine idling and ran into the shop. 他让引擎空转着，自己跑进了商店。
['aɪ.dl] verb intransitive (UK also tick over)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] idle sth away
■to spend a period of time relaxing and doing very little 消磨（时间）
• We idled away the hours drinking and playing cards. 我们喝酒、玩纸牌，消磨时间。
idle, lazy
这组词都有“闲散，懒惰”的意思，其区别是：
idle: 通常指不忙，无事可干，一般不含应责备之意。
lazy: 指好逸恶劳，贪闲偷懒，或不愿学习或工作等，常含应受责备之意。
adj. 闲置的；懒惰的；停顿的
 - stopped, lazy
vi. 无所事事；虚度； [机] 空转
 - sit around, lie about
vt. 虚度； [机] 使空转
 - moon, dream away

Word: dazzle
Front: dazzle
[ˈdæzl] (研六托雅 12418/13863 -1)
Vocabulary: dazzle
(once / 363 pages)
vn
To dazzle is to blind someone for a moment with light, like a deer in the headlights. You can also dazzle by impressing people, and not just by wearing a sparkly sequined shirt.
Have you ever had a light shine in your face so you couldn't see for a second? You were dazzled. To dazzle is to blind someone in this way. A car's high-beam lights can dazzle other drivers. Looking directly at the sun is a way to dazzle yourself. Dazzling puts you in a daze for a second. Also, anything impressive can dazzle. A great writer dazzles readers. An impressive speaker dazzles listeners. It's like you're blinded by their brilliance.
WORD FAMILY
dazzle: dazzled, dazzles, dazzling +/ dazzling: dazzlingest, dazzlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bernstein, in his book, called Davies and Service “smart and dedicated public servants” who were “naïvely dazzled” by the Communists.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
That opened up more opportunities for Gill against Illinois, including on several pick-and-roll situations that ended in dazzling finishes.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s described as “a multi-sensory display of live music, dazzling light show and pyrotechnics” in Copley Square.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 使目眩; 使惊异不已
n. 耀眼; 眩惑; 灿烂
vt. & vi. 目眩; 赞叹
时态：dazzled, dazzling, dazzles
分布：使眼花(50%)，使赞许(25%)，光辉(25%)
→来自daze, 发晕。
v.使惊奇,使倾斜;耀(眼)n.耀眼的光The dazzling light from the digital device dizzied me.来自数字化的设备的耀眼的光使我头昏.
【参】dazzling（adj 眼花缭乱的；耀眼的）
verb
transitive
■If light dazzles you, it makes you unable to see for a short time 使感到刺眼，使感到目眩
• I was dazzled by the sunlight. 阳光刺得我张不开眼。
transitive usually passive
■If you are dazzled by someone or something, you think they are extremely good and exciting 使倾倒，使赞叹
• I was dazzled by his charm and good looks. 我为他的魅力和堂堂相貌所倾倒。
n. 耀眼的光；灿烂
 - effulgence, flashiness
vi. 眼花缭乱；炫耀
 - show off, brag about

Word: multivariate
Front: multivariate
[mʌltɪ'veərɪɪt] (12424/26920)
Back: adj. 多变量的，多元的; 多变元
分布：多变量的(100%)
adj. [统计] 多元的； [数] 多变量的
 - polynary
n. [统计] 多元； [数] 多变量
 - multiple unit

Word: aptitude
Front: aptitude
[ˈæptɪtju:d] (托雅宝 12448/11916 -1)
Vocabulary: aptitude
(once / 1738 pages)
n
An aptitude is something you're good at. A rock star might have an aptitude for energizing an audience, or for trashing his hotel room.
When you have a talent or do something well, people say that you have an aptitude for it. But you don't have to be born with an aptitude; you can also acquire your abilities. You are probably already well acquainted with this word, since the zillions of standardized tests you have taken in school are usually called aptitude tests.
WORD FAMILY
aptitude: aptitudes, inaptitude
USAGE EXAMPLES
His aptitude was caught at the age of 8, thanks to the Canadian school system’s nationwide use of the Seashore Measures of Musical Talent tests.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Albers, noting his aptitude for three-dimensional design, asked him to help Fuller by constructing geometrical models for him to use in his lectures.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But Gonzalez started her graduate studies as a theoretical physicist and only later switched to experimental work, when she showed uncommon aptitude.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. （学习方面的）才能，资质，天资; 适合性; 倾向
分布：才能(41%)，天资(24%)，倾向(21%)，资质(14%)
→apt的名词，指适应的能力。
适应能力;才能(apt+itude表示状态→有能力的状态)[opt,ept=fit,ability,表示"适应,能力"]
US [-tu:d] noun countable or uncountable
■a natural ability or skill 天资，资质；才能
• My son has no/little aptitude for sport. 我儿子天生就没有体育细胞／没甚么体育天赋。
• We will take your personal aptitudes and abilities into account. 我们会考虑你的个人天赋和才能。
gift, genius, aptitude, talent, capacity, capability, faculty, ability, competence
这组词都有“能力，才能”的意思，其区别是：
gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领，常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
genius: 语气最强，指天赋的高度才能与智力。
aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力，常暗示接受能力强，能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能，但语意比genius弱。
capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力，通常不指体力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability: 多用于人，指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。常与of或for连用。
faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。
ability: 普通用词，指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
competence: 正式用词，侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平，达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
n. 天资；自然倾向；适宜
 - talent, endowment

Word: immersion
Front: immersion
[ɪˈmɜ:ʃn] (12374/15237)
Vocabulary: immersion
(once / 4272 pages)
1n 2n
Immersion is the act of dipping something in a substance, completely covering it. It might be something physical, such as plunging your body into water, or metaphorical, such as becoming totally immersed in a project.
The Latin background of immersion includes the root mergere, "to plunge." The idea of immersion as a physical submergence came first and the idea of something being absorbed in a situation came about later. The idea behind immersion is that of complete coverage, whether that be by water, as in Baptism, or by attention, as in "immersion learning," an idea for learning a language trademarked in 1965 by the Berlitz company.
WORD FAMILY
immersion: immersions+/ immerse: immersed, immerses, immersing, immersion
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once the mixture is strained, use an immersion blender to blend the custard until it is very smooth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Place dressing ingredients in a jar and use an immersion blender to blend until the mixture resembles a thick paste.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
If approved, the Mandarin Chinese course offerings would be the district’s fourth language immersion program.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 沉浸; 洗礼
分布：沉浸(45%)，浸入(35%)，专心(12%)，浸礼(8%)
N-UNCOUNT
潜心钻研;专心
Someone's immersion in a subject is their complete involvement in it.
例：...long-term assignments that allowed them total immersion in their subjects.可以让他们潜心研究课题的长期任务
N-UNCOUNT
浸没;浸泡
Immersion of something in a liquid means putting it into the liquid so that it is completely covered.
例：The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.因长时间浸泡，木头发胀了。
n. 沉浸；陷入；专心
 - stuck in, single-mindedness

Word: hard-liner
Front: hard-liner
['hɑ:d'laɪnə] None
Back: n. 不妥协者
分布：不妥协者(100%)

Word: acclaim
Front: acclaim
[əˈkleɪm] (研托雅宝 12422/11847 -2)
Vocabulary: acclaim
(once / 967 pages)
nv
You know you've hit it big when you earn acclaim, or enthusiastic approval. And when you have achieved "critical acclaim," even the grouchy critics approve of you.
The word acclaim comes from the Latin word acclamare, which means to cry out. So it only makes sense that the verb acclaim means to offer enthusiastic praise or applause. "The book was critically acclaimed, but most of the students found it to be stupefyingly boring."
WORD FAMILY
acclaim: acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims, acclamation +/ acclamation: acclamations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Acclaimed photojournalist and war photographer Donald McCullin, 81, who worked on the Observer and the Sunday Times, said he felt “inwardly warmed” by his knighthood.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For all of Manchester by the Sea’s acclaim, Rubin thinks it faces an uphill struggle.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The chimerical portraits celebrating Arab culture were critically acclaimed for their finesse and honesty.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 称赞; 赞扬; 向…欢呼; 向…喝彩
n. 公开赞扬; 称誉
热烈欢迎或赞同
时态：acclaimed, acclaiming, acclaims
分布：称赞(44%)，欢呼(38%)，喝采(16%)，赞同(2%)
→ac-,去，往，-claim,叫，词源同call,叫。
欢呼;喝采(ac一再＋claim→一再喊→欢呼)[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
v.向...欢呼,公认n.欢呼,喝彩,称赞They acclaimed him king.他们高呼他为国王.
【记】ac一再，claim喊叫－一再叫喊－欢呼
【参】acclaimed（adj 受欢呼的，受称赞的）；claim（v 要求，声称）；proclaim（v 声明）；exclaim（v 大喊）
noun uncountable
■public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• Despite the critical acclaim, the novel did not sell well. 虽然这本小说在评论界赢得赞誉，但并不畅销。
• Hamlet was played by Romania's leading actor, Ion Caramitrou, to rapturous acclaim. 罗马尼亚的一流演员杨·卡拉米特鲁饰演哈姆雷特，他的表演好评如潮。
[ə'kleɪm] verb transitive often passive
■to give public approval and praise 称誉；赞赏；欢迎
• She was universally/widely/publicly acclaimed for her contribution to the discovery. 她对此发现做出的贡献赢得了普遍／广泛／众口一词的赞誉。
• She is being acclaimed (= publicly recognized) as the greatest dancer of her generation. 在同时代的人中，她被赞誉为最伟大的舞蹈演员。
applause, acclaim
这两个名词均有“喝彩，鼓掌”之意。
applause: 侧重以掌声表示喝彩和赞扬。
acclaim: 较正式用词，现多用于引申表示赞许。
vt. 称赞；为…喝采，向…欢呼
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to
n. 欢呼，喝彩；称赞
 - praise, applause
vi. 欢呼，喝采
 - cheer

Word: appease
Front: appease
[əˈpi:z] (宝 12426/13880 -1)
Vocabulary: appease
(once / 862 pages)
v
Appease means to make or preserve peace with a nation, group, or person by giving in to their demands, or to relieve a problem, as in "the cold drink appeased his thirst."
Appease often implies abandoning your moral principles to satisfy the demands of someone who is greedy for power: think of British Prime Minister Chamberlain's attempt to appease the Nazis at Munich. The verb appease comes from the Old French apaisier, "to pacify, make peace, or be reconciled," from the phrase "a paisier," which combines a-, or "to," and pais, "peace," from the Latin pax.
WORD FAMILY
appease: appeasable, appeased, appeasement, appeaser, appeases, appeasing+/appeasable: unappeasable/ appeasement: appeasements/appeaser: appeasers/appeasing: appeasingly/unappeasable: unappeasably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Regulators should aim to enable that vision — not to appease the hotel lobby or activists who shortsightedly favor preserving the status quo.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
That, economists say, will be enough to appease ratings firms that earlier this year warned of a downgrade unless Colombia compensated for fallen oil prices.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Santos then introduced several changes to appease his critics and even sat down for a meeting with Uribe for the first time in six years.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 安抚，缓和; 对…让步; 绥靖，姑息; 满足（欲望）
时态：appeased, appeasing, appeases
分布：安抚(65%)，平息(27%)，姑息(5%)，缓和(3%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. -pease, 同peace, 和平。即安抚，使和平。
【记】ap朝向，pease和平－朝向和平发展－使平息
【反】roil（vt 激怒）；vex（vt 使烦恼）；rile（vt 使恼怒）
[ə'pi:z] formal disapproving
verb transitive
■to prevent further disagreement in arguments or war by giving to the other side an advantage that they have demanded 平息；抚慰；绥靖；姑息
• She claimed that the government had only changed the law in order to appease their critics. 她称政府修改法律仅仅是为了安抚那些批评政府的人。
vt. 使平息；使满足；使和缓；对…让步
 - quiet, content

Word: emigration
Front: emigration
[ˌemɪ'ɡreɪʃn] (12465/12008)
Vocabulary: emigration
(once / 1501 pages)
n
Emigration is when a person leaves his or her home country to live in another country indefinitely.
First used in the 1640s, the noun emigration derives from the Late Latin word emigrationem, meaning "removal from a place." Emigration often happens when people leave their native country to seek a better life in another country. For example, maybe your great-grandparents left Ireland to settle in Albany, NY, where they worked for the railroad. Remember that emigration refers to leaving a country. Immigration refers to entering a new country.
WORD FAMILY
emigration: emigrations+/ emigrate: emigrated, emigrates, emigrating, emigration
USAGE EXAMPLES
The wave of Coptic emigration is a testament to their plight in their ancient homeland, but it is also Egypt’s loss.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Although any Jew is eligible for citizenship under Israeli immigration law, Sizomu said emigration is not in their plans.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
To be sure, after 1994, the clauses favoring European immigrants expired and improving European economies meant a decreased interest in emigration towards the U.S.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 移居外国，迁移出境; （总称）移民
分布：移民(100%)
VERB
移居国外;移民
If you emigrate, you leave your own country to live in another country.
例：He emigrated to Belgium...他移民到比利时。
例：They planned to emigrate.他们打算移民。
n. 移民；移民出境；移居外国
 - migration, transplantation

Word: daisy
Front: daisy
[ˈdeɪzi] (托 10897/9305 -1)
Back: n. 雏菊; 菊科植物; <俚>名流，上等品
adj. 雏菊一样的; 上等的
分布：雏菊(84%)，菊科植物(16%)
→来自短语day’s eye. 因这种花朝开暮合而得名。
noun countable
■a small flower with white petals and a yellow centre, which often grows in grass 雏菊
n. 雏菊；菊科植物；极好的东西
 - marguerite, compositae
adj. 极好的；上等的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great

Word: skyrocket
Front: skyrocket
[ˈskaɪrɒkɪt] (托宝 12421/-)
Vocabulary: skyrocket
(once / 6324 pages)
vn
When something skyrockets, it shoots up. Immediately after the Winter Olympics, interest in ice skating, bobsledding, and curling tends to skyrocket, or increase suddenly and dramatically.
The verb skyrocket is good to use when something grows or shoots up as abruptly as a firework. Gas prices, food prices, debt, and winter cases of the flu are all said, from time to time, to skyrocket. A more literal meaning of skyrocket is the actual rocket that's designed to send a flare or firework high into the sky. A bottle rocket — a firework that is placed in an empty bottle before being lit and shooting into the air — is one example of a small skyrocket.
WORD FAMILY
skyrocket: skyrocketed, skyrocketing, skyrockets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nowhere were the challenges starker than in Chicago, where the rates of murders and shootings skyrocketed.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
When the number of uninsured Americans skyrockets on their watch, they’ll claim that it’s not their fault — like everything, it’s the fault of liberal elites.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That’s thanks in part to the skyrocketing costs to jail more and more people more and more frequently.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 突升，猛涨
时态：skyrocketed, skyrocketing, skyrockets
分布：猛涨(67%)，发射(11%)，陡升(11%)，使 ... 上升(11%)
US [-ˌrɑ:.kɪt] verb intransitive
■to rise extremely quickly or make extremely quick progress towards success; to rocket 暴涨，飞涨
• Housing prices have skyrocketed in recent months. 近几个月房价飞涨。
vi. 飞涨，突然高升
 - sky, sharp increase

Word: healthful
Front: healthful
[ˈhelθfl] (托 12451/-)
Vocabulary: healthful
(once / 1546 pages)
adj
Things that are healthful are good for your body, mind, or overall well-being. Your dinner of barbecued potato chips, ice cream, and slices of cheddar cheese might be delicious, but it's not very healthful.
Something that has a favorable effect on your health can be described with the adjective healthful. Well-balanced meals full of whole grains and vegetables are healthful. A good night's sleep and a long walk in the fresh air are both healthful, because they promote your good health. When you are full of health, however, don't use healthful to describe yourself — instead, use the closely related word healthy.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
healthful / healthy
Healthful describes something that will create good health, like apples, yoga, and fresh air. Healthy describes someone fit, trim, and utterly not sick.
Healthful food and exercise fills you full of health! Healthful has meant something that will create good health since 1398, and that remains the main definition of the word:
Choosing the most healthful foods for your family is no easy task. (Time)
Tilapia crusted in pulverized plantain chips, with sweet maduros on the side, was a relatively healthful departure. (New York Times)
Healthy is used to describe someone or something that enjoys all that good health. If you're healthy, whether you're a tree, a bank account, or a human, you're well, thank you very much. Here are some healthy tidbits from the news:
Any team interested in Sizemore will need to be convinced he is, finally, healthy again. (Washington Post)
Healthy forests are built to withstand severe natural disturbances. (New York Times)
This word pair, healthful and healthy, has been causing debate for over a century. The question is whether these adjectives can both be used to mean conducive to good health. This is what gets some word mavens' blood boiling. Healthy, they say, cannot be used to mean conducive to good health. But according to the Oxford English Dictionary, healthy has been a synonym for healthful since its earliest appearance in print... in 1552.
So it's OK to use healthy and healthful as synonyms for conducive to good health: have a healthy snack or a healthful one. But if you're referring to someone who enjoys good health, however, use healthy because it'd be weird to call a person healthful. Save healthful for the granola and healthy for your personal trainer.
WORD FAMILY
healthful: healthfulest, healthfully, healthfulness, unhealthful+/ health: healthful, healths, healthy / healthy: healthier, healthiest, healthily, healthiness, unhealthy/unhealthful: unhealthfully, unhealthfulness/unhealthy: unhealthier, unhealthiest, unhealthily, unhealthiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
This finger food answers that call beautifully, and it’s healthful, to boot.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Within a few years, the company was a multimillion-dollar business, flying high as one of the first breakout healthful drinks now commonplace in grocery aisles.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Here are a few ideas to help a lucky someone — or yourself — happily and healthfully launch into the New Year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有益于健康的
分布：有益健康的(74%)，卫生的(20%)，使人健康的(6%)
adjective US
■helping to produce good health 有益健康的
• A healthful diet includes lots of green vegetables. 健康饮食包括大量绿色蔬菜。
wholesome, healthful, healthy
这组词都有“有益于健康的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 常可与healthful互换并且更常用，更强调有益于、增进、促使、维持身体或精神的健康。
healthful: 比healthy更常用。
healthy: 只在非正式文体中可与healthful换用
adj. 健康的；有益健康的；卫生的
 - robust, fit, fine, well, sound

Word: marinade
Front: marinade
[ˌmærɪˈneɪd] (12411/29072 -1)
Back: n. 腌泡汁; 在腌泡汁里泡的肉[鱼]
vt. 腌泡
时态：marinaded, marinading, marinades
分布：腌泡汁(67%)，腌泡(33%)
→来自marine,海的，海水的，-ade,名词后缀。引申词义盐制品，腌泡汁。
noun countable
■a mixture, usually containing oil, wine or vinegar, and herbs and spices, which you pour over fish or meat before it is cooked, in order to add flavour to it or make it tender 腌泡汁，腌渍调料（由油、葡萄酒或醋、香草及香料等制成，烹调鱼或肉前浇于其上，以增味或使肉质更嫩）
• Pour the marinade over the beef and leave it for 24 hours. 在牛肉上浇些腌泡汁，腌上24小时。

Word: fault
Front: fault
[fɔ:lt] (高研四托雅宝 2849/2076 -K3)
Vocabulary: fault
(once / 89 pages)
1n 2nv
A fault is an error caused by ignorance, bad judgment or inattention. If you're a passenger, it might be your fault that your friend missed the exit, if you were supposed to be watching for it, not sleeping.
Fault can mean "blame" — as a noun or verb. If you say, "It's my fault," you accept the blame. Well, they can't fault you for telling the truth, at least. A fault can be a shortcoming — everyone has faults because no one is perfect — or a crack in the earth's crust, like the San Andreas Fault. In sports like tennis, a fault is an illegal hit of the ball, usually when it lands outside the playing area.
WORD FAMILY
fault: faulted, faulting, faultless, faults, faulty +/faulting: faultings/faultless: faultlessly, faultlessness/ faulty: faultier, faultiest, faultily, faultiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The accident investigation team worked systematically through an extensive fault tree analysis,” SpaceX said in its statement.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The southern Brawley Seismic Zone is close in proximity to the Imperial fault.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s his fault that his team started poorly in every game during the final month.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 缺点，缺陷; 过错，责任; [电]故障; （猎狗的）失去嗅迹
vt. 挑剔，找…的缺点; 批评; 做错，在…中出错; [地质学]产生断层
vi. 找错误，挑剔; [地质学]变动从而产生断层
时态：faulted, faulting, faults
分布：故障(88%)，过错(6%)，缺点(5%)，找 ... 错误(1%)
→来自拉丁语falsus, 欺骗，伪装，词源同fail, false. 引申词义(隐瞒)缺陷，(隐瞒)过错，缺陷，过错。
过失,缺点(fault=fal错)[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
n.过失,过错;缺点,毛病Every man has his faults.人无完人,金无足赤.
US [fɑ:lt] noun
MISTAKE 错误
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■a mistake, especially something for which you are to blame 过错，过失；责任
• It's not my fault she didn't come! 她没来不是我的错！
• She believes it was the doctor's fault that Peter died. 她认为彼得的死医生需要负责。
• The fault was/lay with the organizers, who failed to make the necessary arrangements for dealing with so many people. 是组织者的过错，他们没有做好必要的安排来接待这么多人。
• Through no fault of his own , he spent a week locked up in jail. 他自己并没犯甚么过错，但被关在监狱里一个星期。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a weakness in a person's character 缺点；弱点
• He has many faults, but dishonesty isn't one of them. 他有很多缺点，但人还算诚实。
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a broken part or weakness in a machine or system （机器或系统的）毛病，故障，缺陷
• The car has a serious design fault. 这款汽车存在着重大的设计缺陷。
• I think it's got an electrical fault. 我认为是电路出了故障。
• For all its faults, our transport system is still better than that in many other countries. 尽管存在着种种缺陷，我们的运输系统仍然比其他许多国家的要好。
countable
■a mistake made when hitting the ball over the net, in tennis or a similar game, to begin a game （网球等的）发球失误
be at fault
■to have done something wrong 有过错；有责任
• Her doctor was at fault for/in not sending her straight to a specialist. 她的医生犯了过错，没有把她直接送到专科医生那里去治疗。
find fault with sb/sth
■to criticize someone or something, especially without good reasons 找…的错处，挑…的毛病
• He's always finding fault with my work. 他总是挑我工作上的毛病。
UK [fɒlt] US [fɑ:lt] noun
CRACK 裂缝
countable specialized
■a crack in the Earth's surface where the rock has divided into two parts which move against each other （地表的）断层
• Surveyors say the fault line is capable of generating a major earthquake once in a hundred years. 土地测量员称这个断层带能引发百年一遇的大地震。
UK [fɒlt] US [fɑ:lt] noun
be kind/generous, etc. to a fault
■to be extremely kind/generous, etc 极为仁慈／慷慨等
• She's a really sweet person and she's generous to a fault. 她是个非常善良的人，而且十分慷慨。
UK [fɒlt] US [fɑ:lt] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to find a reason to criticize someone or something 找…的缺点；挑剔，指责
• I can't fault the way they dealt with the complaint. 他们处理投诉的方式我无可挑剔。
• I can't fault you on your logic. 你的逻辑我挑不出毛病。
UK [fɒlt] US [fɑ:lt] verb
SPORTS 运动
intransitive
■to hit a fault in tennis and other similar games 发球失误
• That's the fourth serve he's faulted on today. 那是他今天第四次发球失误了。
mistake, flaw, shortcoming, error, defect, slip, fault, blunder
这组词都有“错误”的意思，其区别是：
mistake: 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。
flaw: 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。
shortcoming: 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。
error: 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。
defect: 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本质上的缺点。
slip: 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。
fault: 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。
blunder: 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。
n. 故障； [地质] 断层；错误；缺点；毛病；（网球等）发球失误
 - error, deficiency, defect, mistake, trouble
vi. 弄错；产生断层
 - mistake, err in
vt. （通常用于疑问句或否定句）挑剔
 - carp at, trip up

Word: jargon
Front: jargon
[ˈdʒɑ:gən] (研宝 12425/8660 -1)
Vocabulary: jargon
(once / 2033 pages)
1n 2n
Jargon usually means the specialized language used by people in the same work or profession. Internet advertising jargon includes the terms "click throughs" and "page views."
This noun can also refer to language that uses long sentences and hard words. If you say that someone's speech or writing is full of jargon, this means you don't approve of it and think it should be simplified. In Middle English, this word referred to chattering, so its origin is probably imitative: it echoes the sound of chatter or meaningless words.
WORD FAMILY
jargon: jargons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it’s the refreshing lack of jargon, either medical or spiritual.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In his first session, when inmates were introducing themselves, an attendee claiming to be a former Marine mangled Marine Corps jargon.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In the jargon of economics, their problems are structural, not cyclical.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 行话; 行业术语; 黑话
分布：行话(96%)，说行话(4%)
→来自法语jargon,鸟鸣，说话，来自拉丁语garrire,交谈，拟声词，模仿含混不清说话的声音，词源同garrulous.引申词义行话，即外人听不懂的话。
n.行话He spoke such a jargon I couldn't make head or tail of what he said.他讲那么一种方言土语, 我根本不懂他说什么.
US ['dʒɑ:r-] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
■special words and phrases which are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work 行话，行业术语
• military/legal/computer jargon 军事／法律／电脑术语
Compare terminology
n. [语] 行话，术语；黄锆石
 - technology, industry lingo

Word: senseless
Front: senseless
[ˈsensləs] (六 12428/14544 -1)
Back: adj. 无知的; 愚蠢的; 无意义的; 无感觉的
分布：无意义的(52%)，无感觉的(22%)，无意识的(18%)，不省人事的(8%)
→sense,感觉，知觉，意义，含义，-less,无，没有。
adjective
NO JUDGMENT 没有判断力
■not having good judgment or a good or useful purpose 不明智的；无意义的；愚蠢的
• a senseless argument 无意义的争论
• senseless killings/violence/deaths 无谓的谋杀／暴力／死亡
['sent.sləs] adjective
NOT CONSCIOUS 没有知觉的
■unconscious 失去知觉的
• Panos was beaten senseless by the burglars. 帕诺斯被窃贼们打得不省人事。
sensible, senseless, sensitive
sensible: 懂事的，明智的。如：He is a sensible child.(他是个懂事的孩子。)
senseless: 愚蠢的(常作定语)；无知觉的(常作表语)。
sensitive: 有感觉的，敏感的。如：Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛对光敏感。)
adj. 愚蠢的；无知觉的；无意识的
 - mechanical, automatic, foolish, stupid, silly

Word: plow
Front: plow
[plaʊ] (托 8039/-)
Vocabulary: plow
(once / 758 pages)
1nv 2v
A plow is a large tool used for farming. A farmer drives or pulls a plow across a field to prepare it for planting.
The large blades of a plow break up the earth, cutting and turning it so it's loose and ready to be planted with seeds. When you operate a plow, you can say that you plow. Boats can plow through water, too — in fact, anything that moves forcibly forward also plows: a car plows through traffic, and figuratively, a student plows through her homework.
WORD FAMILY
plow: plowed, plower, plowing, plows+/plowed: unplowed/plower: plowers/plowing: plowings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Set up by an interception less than a minute later, McSorley plowed into the end zone on a three-yard run.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Grimes lowered his shoulder, plowed over the defender, and fell into the end zone.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Seattle police are investigating a crash between a fire engine and a ladder truck, which led the ladder truck to plow into a massage business.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 犁; 犁型铲雪机
v. 耕; 犁耕; 费力穿过
时态：plowed, plowing, plows
分布：犁(71%)，耕地(14%)，耕田(7%)，耕犁(3%)，费力前进(2%)，费力通过(1%)，破浪前行(1%)，辛苦进行(1%)
vi. [农机] 犁；耕地；破浪前进；开路
 - open circuit, clear the way for
vt. [农机] 犁；耕；开路
 - till, plough
n. [农机] 犁；似犁的工具；北斗七星
 - Dipper, Triones

Word: tentacle
Front: tentacle
[ˈtentəkl] (托雅 12431/7471 -1)
Vocabulary: tentacle
(once / 2948 pages)
n
A tentacle is long, ropey thing that sticks out of an animal’s face. You probably think they’re gross. Octopuses probably think they’re cute.
You can use the word tentacle when referring to all kinds of things that grasp and hold, not just slithery creatures like octopi and jellyfish. But the word does have creepy associations, which is why “the tentacles of organized crime” is a more common expression than, say, the “tentacles of friendship.”
WORD FAMILY
tentacle: tentacles, tentacular
USAGE EXAMPLES
Western Europe rose at the expense of the East - and it was not long before its tentacles sprawled around the world.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
PiS’s tentacles are spreading from the government and media to civil society.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
The wells feed thick, black hoses that stretch like tentacles for miles across the salt crust.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. （动）触手; 触角; 触须
分布：触须(100%)
→来自拉丁语 tentare,感知，接触，触摸，来自 tendere 的反复格，来自 tendere,拉开，张开， 词源同 tend,extend.-acle,小词后缀。引申词义触角，触须。
触角(tent触,摸;参考:attentive注意的,关心的)[-acle表名词"…物品,状态"]
US [-ə-] noun countable
■one of the long thin parts like arms of some sea creatures, which are used for feeling and holding things, catching food or moving （海洋动物的）触手，触角
n. 触手，触须， [动] 触角
 - antenna, palpus

Word: pagan
Front: pagan
[ˈpeɪgən] (宝 12376/10206 -2)
Vocabulary: pagan
(once / 465 pages)
1nadj 2n
You could be considered a pagan if you don't believe in religion or you worship more than one god.
The original pagans were followers of an ancient religion that worshiped several gods (polytheistic). Today, pagan is used to describe someone who doesn't go to synagogue, church, or mosque. It could be that they worship several gods at once, or they have no interest in a god at all. Religious people sometimes use pagan as a put-down to describe the unreligious as godless and uncivilized.
WORD FAMILY
pagan: paganise, paganism, paganize, paganly, pagans+/paganise: paganised, paganises, paganising/ paganism: paganisms/paganize: paganized, paganizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A hero soldier of the caliphate attacked one of the most famous nightclubs, where Christians celebrated their pagan holiday,” the statement read.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The scary thing about north European pagan myth is that it says the gods themselves must die.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
To avoid detection, early Christians celebrated his birth on Dec. 25, coinciding with the pagan festivities.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 异教徒，非基督教徒; 没有宗教信仰的人
adj. 异教徒的; 非基督教的; 无宗教信仰的
分布：异教徒(56%)，异教徒的(23%)，异教的(14%)，无宗教信仰的(5%)，无宗教信仰者(2%)
→来自拉丁语pagus,乡村，村民，来自pag,固定，标记，词源同page,pact.后词义由村民引申为粗俗的，不信教的，不信基督的，异教徒。词义演变比较villain,village.
【记】pa怕，gan干：怕被基督教徒干掉的人－异教徒
adjective
■belonging to a religion which worships many gods, especially one which existed before the main world religions 异教的
• a pagan religion 异教
• The Easter egg has both pagan and Christian origins. 复活节彩蛋的起源与异教和基督教都有关。
■relating to religious beliefs that do not belong to any of the main religions of the world 异教的，非正统的
• a pagan festival 异教的节日
['peɪ.gən] noun countable
■a person who has pagan beliefs 异教徒
humorous
■a person who has no religious beliefs 没有宗教信仰的人
adj. 异教的；异教徒的
 - heretical, heathenish
n. 异教徒；无宗教信仰者
 - unbeliever, goy

Word: unwillingness
Front: unwillingness
[ʌn'wɪlɪŋnəs] (12423/11737)
Back: n. 不情愿，勉强
分布：不愿意(72%)，不情愿(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
不愿意的；不情愿的；不乐意的
If you are unwilling to do something, you do not want to do it and will not agree to do it.
例：Initially the government was unwilling to accept the defeat...最初政府不愿意承认失败。
例：For months I had been either unwilling or unable to go through with it.数月来，我一直不是不愿意就是没办法做这件事。
ADJ-GRADED
不愿意的；勉强的
You can use unwilling to describe someone who does not really want to do the thing they are doing.
例：A youthful teacher, he finds himself an unwilling participant in school politics...作为一名年轻教师，他发现自己并不情愿地参与到了学校的权力争斗中。
例：She was certainly an unwilling victim of circumstances.她成为情势的牺牲品绝对不是自己愿意的。
n. 不愿意；不情愿
 - reluctation, indisposition

Word: sub-Saharan
Front: sub-Saharan
[.sʌb sə'hɑːr(ə)n] None
Back: adj. 撒哈拉沙漠以南的
分布：撒哈拉沙漠以南的(100%)

Word: corrupt
Front: corrupt
[kəˈrʌpt] (高研六雅宝 5850/7571 -2)
Vocabulary: corrupt
(once / 155 pages)
1adjv 2v 3adjv
If someone or something is corrupt, they’re broken morally or in some other way. Corrupt people perform immoral or illegal acts for personal gain, without apology. Corrupt politicians take bribes and deny it.
When you corrupt someone, you convince them to do something wrong or even illegal. If you talk your little brother into stealing cookies from the cookie jar, you're corrupting him. Something corrupt is rotten, spoiled, or out of commission, like a file that makes your computer crash. A corrupt person — a criminal, a crook, or a cookie thief — brings society down with immoral and dishonest behavior. Corrupt goes back to the Latin roots cor-, "altogether," and rumpere, "break."
WORD FAMILY
corrupt: corrupted, corrupter, corruptest, corruptible, corrupting, corruption, corruptive, corruptly, corruptness, corrupts, incorrupt+/corrupted: corruptedly, uncorrupted/corruptibility: corruptibilities/corruptible: corruptibility, corruptiblest, incorruptible/ corruption: corruptions, incorruption/incorrupt: incorruptly, incorruptness/incorruptibility: incorruptibilities/incorruptible: incorruptibility, incorruptibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
His attorney argued there was insufficient evidence to convict Kelly on several charges, including theft and engaging in a pattern of corrupt activity.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Bloated, profligate and corrupt, for many healthcare was indicative of all that was wrong with the country and, as such, badly in need of reform.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Many nefarious individuals and groups, such as poachers, corrupt government officials and organized crime syndicates, benefit from these illegal sales.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 堕落的，道德败坏的; 贪污的，腐败的; 腐烂的; （文献等）错误百出的
vt. 使腐败; 使堕落; 使腐烂
vi. 堕落; 腐化; 腐烂
时态：corrupted, corrupting, corrupts
分布：腐败(65%)，腐败的(24%)，贿赂(4%)，堕落的(3%)，腐烂(1%)，使腐烂(1%)，使恶化(1%)，讹误的(1%)
→cor-, 强调。-rupt, 破，断裂，词源同rupture, bankrupt. 后词义外延扩大。
腐败的;变环的(cor+rupt断→全部断→变坏的,腐败的)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
腐败的(cor全部+rupt断→全断了→腐败了)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
v.贿赂,收买a.腐败的,贪污的The abrupt corrupt man had the Xeroxed code corroded in the erosion episode.突然的腐败的人让人在腐蚀插曲过程中腐蚀被影印的代码.
【记】cor心，rupt断－心断了－腐败了
【参】corruption（n 腐败；贪污；堕落）
【反】pristine（adj 质朴的）；purity（n 纯净）－corruption
adjective
BAD 腐败的
 ADVANCED
■dishonestly using your position or power to your own advantage, especially for money 贪赃舞弊的；以权谋私的；腐败的
• Both companies are under investigation for corrupt practices. 两家公司都在接受腐败行为调查。
• The whole system was corrupt - every official she approached wanted money before helping her. 整个体系都腐败了——她接触的所有官员在帮她之前都索要钱财。
■morally bad 堕落的，道德败坏的
• a corrupt society 道德败坏的社会
[kə'rʌpt] adjective
COMPUTER 电脑
■When information on a computer becomes corrupt, it is spoilt and cannot be used because it has become changed in wrong ways （电脑上的资讯）被破坏的，有错误的
• corrupt data 损坏的资料
• a corrupt file 被破坏的文件
[kə'rʌpt] verb transitive
BAD 败坏
■to make someone or something become dishonest or immoral 腐蚀（某人）；使腐化堕落；使道德败坏
• The study claimed that violence on television corrupts the minds of children. 研究称电视上的暴力镜头腐蚀了孩子们的思想。
[kə'rʌpt] verb transitive
COMPUTER 电脑
■to change the information on a computer in wrong ways so that it cannot be used 损坏，破坏（电脑上的资讯）
• Most of the data on the hard drive was corrupted by the power cut. 硬碟上的大多数资料在停电时损坏了。
adj. 腐败的，贪污的；堕落的
 - fallen, putrescent
vt. 使腐烂；使堕落，使恶化
 - aggravate, deprave
vi. 堕落，腐化；腐烂
 - go to the bowwows, go to the deuce

Word: obscurity
Front: obscurity
[əbˈskjʊərəti] (宝 12434/11476)
Vocabulary: obscurity
(once / 751 pages)
n
One meaning of obscurity is nobody knowing who you are, and another definition is something that is hard to understand because it’s too complex or unclear.
Obscurity is the opposite of fame, and living in obscurity means that nobody knows your name. Many musicians played in obscurity for years before becoming rock stars. The Latin obscurus means “dark,” which is where obscurity is found: in the dark where no one sees it. Something difficult to comprehend has obscurity, for example the obscurity of a medical magazine, or a complex poem that is full of literary obscurities, referencing other poems that no one has read.
WORD FAMILY
obscurity: obscurities+/ obscure: obscured, obscurely, obscureness, obscurer, obscures, obscurest, obscuring, obscuringly, obscurity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Within a few years, they'd withered away into political obscurity.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
A: For many years, we felt like we were toiling in obscurity.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Winningest coach in Division I college basketball history who lifted the women’s game from obscurity to national prominence during her 38-year career at Tennessee.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 朦胧; 晦涩; 默默无闻; 费解
分布：晦涩(64%)，不明(20%)，昏暗(8%)，不出名(8%)
→来自obscure,使费解，模糊，-ity,名词后缀。
【反】celebrity（n 名声；名人）；certitude（n 确实）
US [-'skjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT KNOWN 鲜为人知
■when someone or something is not known to many people 无名的；鲜为人知的；默默无闻的
• He was briefly famous in his twenties but then sank into obscurity. 他在20来岁时曾一度小有名气，但随后便湮没无闻了。
• He rose from relative obscurity to worldwide recognition. 他从默默无闻一下变成世界闻名。
UK [əb'skjʊə.rɪ.ti] US [-'skjʊr.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
NOT CLEAR 不清楚的
■when something is not clear and difficult to understand or see 费解的，晦涩的；模糊的，朦胧的；不清楚的
• The story is convoluted and opaque, often to the point of total obscurity. 这则故事晦涩难懂，常常令人一头雾水。
n. 朦胧；阴暗；晦涩；身份低微；不分明
 - nebulosity, shadowiness

Word: arduous
Front: arduous
[ˈɑ:djuəs] (托雅 12441/13723 -1)
Vocabulary: arduous
(once / 1245 pages)
adj
Use the adjective, arduous, to describe an activity that takes a lot of effort. Writing all those college essays and filling out the applications is an arduous process!
Arduous was first used in English to mean "steep" or "difficult to climb." If you're an outdoorsman, hiking up a mountain is a lot of fun, but if you're a couch potato, it's an arduous trek. Today, the word can be used figuratively for something that is difficult or takes a lot of work. If you spend an arduous week studying for your final exams, you'll do well because you've worked really hard!
WORD FAMILY
arduous: arduously, arduousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Getting there required an arduous journey and there was little infrastructure once one arrived.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He traded in his hard suitcase for a soft bag and boots, and ditched some of his clothes for the arduous walk ahead.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The diagnosis was grave, the treatment arduous and life-threatening in itself.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 努力的; 艰巨的; 难克服的; 陡峭的
分布：费力的(62%)，险峻的(22%)，辛勤的(16%)
→词源略。词义受词根ard的影响。
劳累的[ardu=difficult(困难)]
【记】ard燃烧，热，uous多…的－热多－出汗一费力的
【反】sinecure（n 闲职）－arduous employment（劳苦工作）；facile（adj 易做到的；不花力气的）
US ['ɑ:r.dʒu-] adjective
■difficult, needing a lot of effort and energy 艰难的，艰巨的；费力的
• an arduous climb/task/journey 举步维艰的攀登／艰巨的任务／艰难的旅程
adj. 努力的；费力的；险峻的
 - hard, rapid, bold, struggling

Word: billow
Front: billow
[ˈbɪləʊ] (宝 12401/15929 -1)
Vocabulary: billow
(once / 839 pages)
nv
Something billows when there's a fluid or blowing motion, such as the air filling a curtain at an open window, or smoke billowing from a fire.
This word originally meant a wave, and that image should help you remember its current meaning too. The word usually suggests movement and growth, such as waves building and crashing. There are certain clouds that look like ocean waves, and so are called billow clouds. If you have a big shirt, the wind might make it fill with air and billow. Balloons are billowed when you inflate them. Billowing can also mean to move with difficulty — slowly.
WORD FAMILY
billow: billowed, billowing, billows, billowy
USAGE EXAMPLES
He wore those Thai fisherman’s pants with the complicated knotting at the front and more billows than a bagpipe yet he carried it off.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Plus, Science’s Alexa Billow talks to News Editor Tim Appenzeller about this year’s breakthrough, runners-up, breakdowns, and how Science’s predictions from last year help us.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
Smoke billowed over the city on Friday morning as firefighters worked to douse the remaining fires.
Reuters(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 巨浪，如波涛滚滚而来之物
vi. 在波涛中翻滚; 扬起，鼓起
时态：billowed, billowing, billows
分布：巨浪(59%)，使翻腾(21%)，如巨浪翻腾的东西(10%)，波动(10%)
→词源同ball, 球，鼓起。
【记】bill钞票，low底－钞票沉底了－因为被巨浪打湿了。
US [-oʊ] verb intransitive
■to spread over a large area, or (especially of things made of cloth) to become filled with air and appear to be larger 波浪般起伏，汹涌向前；（尤指布制品）鼓起
• Smoke billowed (out) from the burning building. 缕缕浓烟不断从着火的大楼里涌出来。
• The sheets/shirts hanging on the line billowed in the breeze. 挂在绳子上的床单／衬衫在微风中飘动。
• We watched the boats with their billowing sails. 我们看着那些小船鼓起船帆。
n. 巨浪
 - very high seas, heavy sea

Word: cartilage
Front: cartilage
[ˈkɑ:tɪlɪdʒ] (12471/22293 -1)
Vocabulary: cartilage
(once / 2944 pages)
n
Cartilage is the strong but bendable tissue found in various parts of your body, such as the joints. Your outer ear is made of cartilage, which is why you can pull on and bend it.
Whenever you run or jump, thank your cartilage. It's the strong but stretchy tissue that supports your joints so you don't just fall to the ground in a heap. Cartilage also gives your nose its shape. And when you have a cold, you can blow that nose forcefully without hurting it because your cartilage also supports your honker.
WORD FAMILY
cartilage: cartilages, cartilaginous
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there, they might find a 3D printer ready to build new bone or cartilage in their bodies.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
Xavier: Sophomore forward Kaiser Gates moved much better in his second game back from surgery to repair torn cartilage in his left knee.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The minimally invasive procedure can help heal tendon, ligament, cartilage or bone injuries.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. <解>软骨; 软骨结构
分布：软骨(100%)
→可能来自PIE *sker, 围，转，编织，词源同cradle,coronet. 因骨软而命名。
US ['kɑr.tˌəl] noun countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) a type of strong stretchy tissue found in humans in the joints (= places where two bones are connected) and other places such as the nose, throat and ears 软骨（组织）
• He has a torn cartilage in his knee. 他膝部软骨撕裂。
n. [解剖] 软骨
 - gristle

Word: unforgettable
Front: unforgettable
[ˌʌnfəˈgetəbl] (12439/14434)
Vocabulary: unforgettable
(once / 5289 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unforgettable to describe things that are so meaningful or important that you could never forget them, like the taste of your grandma's apple pie or your first kiss.
Things that linger forever in your memory are unforgettable. You might describe a devastating house fire this way, or your first trip to Paris. While the meaning of unforgettable is easy to decipher once you spot the root word forget, it's a lot harder to spell. Remember the double t and the able ending, and you'll do fine.
WORD FAMILY
unforgettable: unforgettably+/ forget: forgetful, forgeting, forgets, forgettable, forgetting, forgot, forgotten / forgetful: forgetfully, forgetfulness, self-forgetful/forgetfulness: forgetfulnesses/forgettable: forgettably, unforgettable / forgotten: forgottenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The result is an unforgettable study of denial, the abuse of power and the immense moral bankruptcy of slavery.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And Samsung’s Galaxy Note 7 was unforgettable, but for the wrong reasons.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 难忘的; 铭刻肺腑的
分布：难忘的(98%)，不会忘记的(2%)
US [-fɚtˌ'ge-] adjective
■An unforgettable experience has such a strong effect or influence on you that you cannot forget it. 难忘的；无法忘记的
adj. 难忘的
 - memorable, indelible

Word: cinematic
Front: cinematic
[ˌsɪnəˈmætɪk] (12433/22306)
Back: adj. 电影的，影片的
分布：电影的(100%)
US [-'mætˌ-] specialized
adjective
■relating to the cinema 电影的，影片的
• The cinematic effects in her films are clearly borrowed from the great film-makers of the past. 她影片中的那些电影制作效果显然是从以前的电影大师那里借鉴来的。
adj. 电影的；影片的
 - movie, motion-picture

Word: cramp
Front: cramp
[kræmp] (宝 12410/14012 -1)
Vocabulary: cramp
(once / 918 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
When a muscle in your body tenses up painfully, it's a cramp. If you get a cramp in your leg when you're swimming, you have to stop and stretch out the muscle until the cramp goes away.
Muscle cramps are a side effect of exercise and fatigue, and they can often be avoided by stretching before and after a run or a game of basketball. Cramp is also a verb, meaning both "contract painfully," and also "hold back, or prevent free movement." This is what you mean when you say, "Mom, please don't walk me in to school — you'll cramp my style."
WORD FAMILY
cramp: cramped, cramping, cramps
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked around the cramped shop, which contained nearly everything he owned.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The case involved a newly pregnant woman experiencing abdominal cramping and fever.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They lived in a cramped apartment on Ft.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 痛性痉挛，抽筋; （腹部）绞痛; 夹子，扣钉; （制靴）弓状木
vt. 使痉挛，使抽筋; <俚>使扫兴; 用夹子夹紧; 限制，束缚
adj. 难懂的，难认的; 受拘束的，狭窄的
时态：cramped, cramping, cramps
分布：抽筋(43%)，痉挛(31%)，使痉挛(8%)，束缚(8%)，夹钳(8%)，用夹钳夹紧(2%)
→来自ger, 转，弯，围，词源同crank, crook. 比喻义肌肉打弯的，抽筋的。
【记】源于clamp（n 夹子）；clam（n 蛤蜊）
noun
countable or uncountable
■a sudden painful tightening in a muscle, often after a lot of exercise, which limits movement 痉挛，抽筋（常出现在大量运动后）
• Several runners needed treatment for UKcramp/ UScramps and exhaustion. 有几个跑步者因为抽筋和体力衰竭需要治疗。
• I've got UKcramp/ USa cramp in my foot. 我的脚抽筋了。
• stomach cramps 胃痉挛
cramps [plural]
■pains in the lower stomach caused by a woman's period （女性经期的）腹绞痛
[kræmp] verb transitive
■to limit someone, especially to prevent them from enjoying a full life 限制，束缚；阻碍，妨碍
• Worry and lack of money cramp the lives of the unemployed. 焦虑和缺钱束缚着失业者的生活。
[kræmp] verb transitive
cramp sb's style informal humorous
■to prevent someone from enjoying themselves as much as they would like, especially by going somewhere with them （尤指与某人同往某处而）束缚（某人）的手脚，妨碍（某人）水准的发挥
n. 痉挛，绞痛； [五金] [机] 铁夹钳
 - fit, spasm
vt. 束缚，限制；使…抽筋；以铁箍扣紧
 - chain, block
adj. 狭窄的；难解的；受限制的
 - narrow, restricted, mysterious, confined, strait

Word: detractor
Front: detractor
[dɪˈtræktə(r)] (12443/19313 -1)
Vocabulary: detractor
(once / 4811 pages)
n
A detractor is someone who puts you down. When you're proposing ideas at work, your detractor is the person who finds fault with everything you say.
Use the noun detractor for someone who is always critical. You might describe your brother as a detractor of the government if he complains incessantly about taxes, voting, the President, and all the members of Congress. If a person takes a dislike to you in particular, he is your own personal detractor. The origin of detractor goes back to the Latin word detrahere, "take down, pull down, or disparage."
WORD FAMILY
detractor: detractors+/ detract: detracted, detracting, detraction, detractive, detractor, detracts/ detraction: detractions
USAGE EXAMPLES
His detractors accuse him of excessive charm, but it may be more accurate to say that he edits brutality from his world view.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
"Such a scam. Donate to the theatre directly if you want to," one detractor wrote on the GoFundMe page.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Fifth Harmony attempted to silence detractors with the sophomore effort “7/27.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 贬低者
分布：贬低者(100%)
毁谤者(detract贬损+or人)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
【记】de向下，tract拉，or人－把你从台上拉下来的人－贬低者用tractor（n 拖拉机）把别人拉de下来的人－贬低者
【反】proponent（n 支持者）；apologist（n 辩护者）；extol（v 赞美）－detract（v 诽谤）
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly 恶意批评者，贬低者
• His detractors claim that his fierce temper makes him unsuitable for party leadership. 他的批评者声称他脾气暴躁，不适合做政党领导。
n. 贬低者；诽谤者
 - slanderer, traducer

Word: defuse
Front: defuse
[ˌdi:ˈfju:z] (宝 12450/11816 -1)
Back: vt. 拆除（爆炸物）的引信; 减少…的危险性; 使变为无害; 平息，缓和
时态：defused, defusing, defuses
分布：缓和(95%)，消除危险(5%)
→de-, 向下，除去。fuse, 引信。即拆除引信，引申义缓和。
【记】de去掉，fuse（n 导火线）
【反】foment（v 煽动）
verb transitive
BOMB 炸弹
■to prevent a bomb from exploding 解除，拆除（炸弹）
• Bomb disposal experts have defused a 110-pound bomb at Victoria Station. 拆弹专家在维多利亚车站拆除了一个110磅重的炸弹。
[ˌdi:'fju:z] verb transitive
DIFFICULT SITUATION 困境
■to make a difficult or dangerous situation calmer by reducing or removing its cause 缓和；平息
• The two groups will meet next week to try to defuse the crisis/situation/tension. 双方将于下周会面，以求缓和危机／局面／紧张局势。
vt. 平息；去掉…的雷管；使除去危险性
 - quell, assuage

Word: firewood
Front: firewood
[ˈfaɪəwʊd] (高 12444/15317 -1)
Back: n. 木柴; 柴火; 柴草; 荛
分布：柴火(52%)，木柴(48%)
US ['faɪr-] noun uncountable
■wood used as fuel for a fire 木柴
• We can use those old shelves as firewood. 我们可以用这些旧搁板当木柴。

Word: savage
Front: savage
[ˈsævɪdʒ] (高研六雅宝 10011/7623 -2)
Vocabulary: savage
(once / 97 pages)
adjnv
A polar bear in a zoo might look like an adorable giant stuffed animal, but if you met a hungry one in its native environment, it would seem more savage — wild and fierce — than cute.
Describing an animal as savage means that it is true to its wild, ferocious nature, but if you describe a person or the actions of a person as savage, it means "cruel" or "brutal." A place can also be described as savage if it's untamed, uninhabitable, and unwelcoming. When savage takes the form of a noun, it means "a brutal person," and when it's a verb it means "to attack ferociously." Any way you use it, savage is uncivilized and violent.
WORD FAMILY
savage: savaged, savagely, savageness, savager, savagery, savages, savagest, savaging+/savagery: savageries
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then Savage suffered a concussion during Sunday’s defeat at Tennessee.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But Savage’s status for this week is in question after he suffered a concussion in the second quarter of a loss to Tennessee on Sunday.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The health of Tom Savage and Matt McGloin will be the deciding factors.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 未开化的; 野蛮的; 凶猛的; 残忍的
vt. （动物）凶狠地攻击（或伤害）; 残害; 猛烈批评; 激烈抨击
n. 未开化的人，野蛮人; 野兽; <美>有拘捕狂的警察
时态：savaged, savaging, savages
分布：野蛮人(44%)，凶猛的(13%)，原始的(10%)，野性的(8%)，激烈抨击(6%)，粗鲁的(6%)，粗人(4%)，凶恶的人(4%)，猛烈攻击(3%)，荒野的(2%)
→来自古法语 sauvage,野人，来自拉丁语 salvaticus,野蛮的，来自 silva,森林，林地，词源同 sylvan, 森林。引申诸相关词义。
a.野蛮的;凶恶的,残暴的n.野人,未开化的人The extravagant savage made the interior and exterior criteria of deterioration.奢侈的野蛮人制定了腐败的内外标准.
【记】sav＝save节约，age年龄：节约年龄就是活得短－野蛮人
adjective
■extremely violent, wild or frightening 凶残的；凶猛的；野性的
• a savage dog/beast 凶猛的狗／野兽
• a brutal and savage attack 野蛮凶残的攻击
■very serious or cruel 无情的，冷酷的
• savage criticism 冷酷的批评
■very large and severe 巨大的；严重的
• savage cuts in education spending 教育支出的大幅缩减
['sæv.ɪdʒ] verb transitive
■If an animal savages someone, it attacks them violently and badly hurts them （动物）凶猛地攻击，撕咬
• The child was savaged by a dog. 那个孩子被狗咬伤了。
['sæv.ɪdʒ] noun countable offensive
■a person whose way of life is at a very early stage of development 野蛮人；未开化的人
• Twelve thousand years ago, our ancestors were primitive savages living in caves. 12000年以前，我们的祖先生活在洞穴里，是原始野蛮人。
brutal, ruthless, savage, fierce, inhuman, barbarous, cruel
这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，其区别是：
brutal: 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless: 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage: 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce: 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman: 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous: 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel: 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
adj. 野蛮的；残酷的；狂怒的；荒凉的
 - wild, cruel, iron, desert
n. 未开化的；粗鲁的人；残暴成性的人
 - yahoo, woodenness

Word: polo
Front: polo
[ˈpəʊləʊ] (12414/7923 -1)
Back: n. 马球; 水球
分布：马球(56%)，水球(41%)，马球装束(3%)
→来自英式印度语polo,马球，一种印度游戏，通常认为该词最终来自藏语pulu,球。
US ['poʊ.loʊ] noun uncountable
■a game played between two teams who ride horses and carry long wooden hammers with which they hit a small hard ball, trying to score goals 马球
• Prince Charles is a keen polo player. 查理斯王子很喜欢打马球。
n. 马球；水球
 - center forward

Word: toad
Front: toad
[təʊd] (六托 12413/10619 -1)
Back: n. 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆; 讨厌的家伙
分布：蟾蜍(74%)，癞蛤蟆(26%)
→来自中古英语 tode,蟾蜍，来自古英语 tadie,蟾蜍，词源同 tadpole.
US [toʊd] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a small brownish green animal, similar to a frog , which has big eyes and long back legs for swimming and jumping 蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆
• Toads have dryer, lumpier skins than frogs and spend less time in the water. 蟾蜍的皮比青蛙干燥，疙瘩也更多，留在水中的时间比青蛙少。
UK [təʊd] US [toʊd] noun countable
MAN 人 informal
■an extremely unpleasant man, especially one who is not very physically attractive 极令人讨厌的人；（尤指）丑八怪
• [as form of address] You lying toad! 你这个爱撒谎的丑八怪！
n. [脊椎] 蟾蜍；癞蛤蟆；讨厌的家伙
 - hoptoad, sad apple

Word: securely
Front: securely
[sɪ'kjʊəlɪ] (托 12442/9820)
Back: adv. 安全地; 牢固地; 被妥善保管地; 有把握地
分布：安全地(44%)，牢固地(42%)，确实地(14%)
US [-'kjʊr-] adverb
PROTECTED 受保护的
■in a way that avoids someone or something being harmed by any risk, danger or threat （尤指物品、处境等）安全的
• The door was securely fastened. 门牢牢地关上了。
• The offices were securely guarded. 办公室的保卫措施很周全。
• This certificate is an important document, and should be kept securely (= in a place where it cannot be lost or stolen). 这张证书是很重要的文件，应该妥善保管。
UK [sɪ'kjʊə.li] US [-'kjʊr-] adverb
FIXED 固定的
■positioned or fastened firmly and correctly and therefore not likely to move, fall or break 牢固地；牢靠地
• Please ensure that your seat belts are fastened securely. 请确保系紧你们的安全带。
• figurative He has given up political power, but he remains securely in control of the army. 他放弃了政治权力，但仍然牢牢掌握着军队的控制大权。
adv. 安全地；牢固地；安心地；有把握地
 - safely, hard

Word: blindly
Front: blindly
[ˈblaɪndli] (12435/12187)
Vocabulary: blindly
(once / 1048 pages)
adv
To do something blindly is to do it without looking. This word also refers to doing things thoughtlessly. If you blindly accept the friendship ring someone gives you, you might find yourself going to the prom with the wrong date.
There are two related senses of blindly, but both involve being in the dark. If you enter a room blindly, you have your eyes closed or can't find the light switch. A quarterback might blindly throw the ball if he's under pressure and can't see the receivers. Similarly, to make a decision blindly is to do it without careful consideration. Actions taken blindly are done without looking at the risks. People tend to get in trouble when they act blindly.
WORD FAMILY
blind: blinded, blinder, blindest, blinding, blindingly, blindly, blindness, blinds+/blinder: blinders/ blinding: blindingest/blindness: blindnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Big data is a new field, and people are essentially blindly trusting it.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One reason may be the so-called expert halo, which causes people to blindly defer to the perceived authority in the group.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Turkish soldiers shouldn’t be blindly led into the swamp that is the Middle East.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adv. 盲目地; 无目的地; 摸索地; 不继续地
分布：盲目地(51%)，摸索地(33%)，蛮干地(16%)
adverb
NOT SEEING 看不见
■not able to see or not noticing what is around you 摸黑地，在黑暗中
• The room was completely dark and I fumbled blindly for the door. 房间里一片漆黑，我摸索着找门。
['blaɪnd.li] adverb
NOT AWARE 盲目地
■not thinking about or understanding what you are doing 盲目地；没头没没脑地
• They just blindly followed orders. 他们只是盲目地服从命令。
adv. 盲目地；轻率地；摸索地
 - rashly, indiscreetly

Word: excitedly
Front: excitedly
[ɪk'saɪtɪdlɪ] (12406/12506)
Back: adv. 兴奋地，激动地; 勃然; 兴冲冲
分布：激动地(50%)，兴奋地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
兴奋的;激动的
If you are excited, you are so happy that you cannot relax, especially because you are thinking about something pleasant that is going to happen to you.
例：I'm very excited about the possibility of playing for England's first team...想到可能为英格兰首屈一指的球队效力，我非常兴奋。
例：I was so excited when I went to sign the paperwork I could hardly write.去签文件时我非常兴奋，几乎无法写字。
ADJ-GRADED
心烦的;忧虑的;气愤的
If you are excited, you are very worried or angry about something, and so you are very alert and cannot relax.
例：I don't think there's any reason to get excited about inflation...我认为大可不必为通货膨胀而心烦。
例：Excited voices were shouting that the road was blocked by soldiers.有人气愤地喊道马路被士兵封锁了。
adv. 兴奋地；激动地
 - agitato, feverishly

Word: incarcerate
Front: incarcerate
[ɪnˈkɑ:səreɪt] (托宝 12453/19981 -1)
Vocabulary: incarcerate
(once / 3595 pages)
v
Use the verb incarcerate when you need to put someone behind bars in a big way, meaning, send them to prison, like those who, after being found guilty of a crime and sentenced, become incarcerated.
The word incarcerate entered the English language in the sixteenth century, tracing back to the Latin word meaning “imprisoned.” If you incarcerate people, that means you imprison them for a predetermined amount of time in a jail, prison, or a detention center. It’s good to know the meaning of incarcerate, but make sure you never get so close to it that you have firsthand knowledge of the word.
WORD FAMILY
incarcerate: incarcerated, incarcerates, incarcerating, incarceration +/ incarceration: incarcerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Today, the Somali pirates incarcerated in American prisons number at least 28, stemming from just five cases.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Kentucky bills people held in its jails for the costs of incarcerating them, even if all charges are later dismissed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He signed the Civil Liberties Act to compensate more than 100,000 people of Japanese descent who were incarcerated in internment camps.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 监禁，禁闭; 关进监狱; [医]钳闭
时态：incarcerated, incarcerating, incarcerates
分布：监禁(86%)，幽闭(14%)
→in-,进入，使，-carcer,围，监狱，词源同carceral,circle.
【记】in进入，carcer＝prison监狱，ate－监禁in进入，car车：关进囚车，开往监狱－监禁
【反】liberate（v 解放；释放）
US [-'kɑ:r.sə.reɪt] verb transitive formal
■to put or keep someone in prison or in a place used as a prison 监禁；禁闭
• Thousands of dissidents have been interrogated or incarcerated. 成千上万持不同政见者被审问或监禁。
■to keep someone in a closed place and prevent them from leaving it 困住
• We were incarcerated in that broken elevator for four hours. 我们被困在发生故障的电梯中长达四小时。
vt. 监禁；下狱；禁闭
 - prison, imprison
adj. 监禁的；禁闭的
 - jailed

Word: calculated
Front: calculated
[ˈkælkjuleɪtɪd] (宝 12454/11553 -3)
Vocabulary: calculated
(once / 317 pages)
adj
If you do something in a calculated way, you've given it quite a bit of thought beforehand, and you're very deliberate in the way you do it.
Sometimes calculated can have a positive meaning, like when you plan ahead and are thoughtful about something. A good electrician takes a calculated approach to wiring a new house. On the other hand, a "calculated remark" could be one that's hurtful or manipulative and was made deliberately by the speaker to get a particular reaction or result.
WORD FAMILY
calculated: calculatedly+/calculable: calculably, incalculable / calculate: calculable, calculated, calculates, calculating, calculation, calculative, calculator, miscalculate, recalculate /calculating: calculatingly/ calculation: calculations/calculative: calculatively/calculator: calculators/ incalculable: incalculably/ miscalculate: miscalculated, miscalculates, miscalculating, miscalculation/miscalculation: miscalculations/ recalculate: recalculated, recalculates, recalculating, recalculation/recalculation: recalculations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The comment rubbed some people the wrong way, but Helton’s attitude was calculated.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Forbes calculated the annual ranking using the global ticket sales of top actors’ films.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The number is more than double the national estimate of 18 percent uninsured, as calculated by the Kaiser Family Foundation.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 计算出的; 有计划的; 适当的; 适合的
v. 计算(calculate的过去式和过去分词)
分布：有计划的(47%)，可能的(23%)，动词calculate的过去式与过去分词.(15%)，经计算的(15%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■planned or arranged in order to produce a particular effect 计划好的；算计好的；蓄意的
• It was a cruel, calculated crime with absolutely no justification. 这是一桩毫无正当理由的凶残的、蓄意策划的罪行。
• [+ to infinitive] It's a policy that was hardly calculated to (= will not) win votes. 这项政策很难赢得选票。
adj. [计] 计算出的；适合的；有计划的
 - adaptive, planned, studied, designed, shaped
v. 计算；估计；打算（calculate的过去式和过去分词）
 - meant, computed

Word: whirlwind
Front: whirlwind
[ˈwɜ:lwɪnd] (12458/14449 -1)
Vocabulary: whirlwind
(once / 1203 pages)
n
You can describe a tornado — a swirling vortex of air — as a powerful whirlwind, which is literally wind that whirls around in a narrow upright tube shape as it moves over the ground.
Some kinds of whirlwinds cause terrible destruction as they sweep across the Earth's surface, sucking cars and trees into the pull of their spinning funnels. People often use this word figuratively, like describing a hectic or fast-paced vacation as a "whirlwind tour." The word whirlwind itself is thought to be modeled on the Old Norse word hvirfilvindr.
WORD FAMILY
whirlwind: whirlwinds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pepe became a self-perpetuating whirlwind, as, goaded by media reports, trolls created new images adorned with symbols of antisemitism and white supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He raided the lost ark and lifted the lid, and the whirlwind of humankind’s worst impulses escaped.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s been a bit of a whirlwind,” Allen said.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 旋风; 猛烈的势力; 混乱; 破坏性的力量或事物
adj. 旋风般的; 急速的; 喧嚣混乱的
分布：旋风(89%)，旋风般的(9%)，旋风般的突发事件(2%)
→比喻用法。
US ['wɝ:l-] noun countable (US also twister)
■a tall column of spinning air which moves across the surface of the land or sea 旋风
UK ['wɜ:l.wɪnd] US ['wɝ:l-] adjective [before noun]
■describes an event that happens very fast, and often unexpectedly （事件）旋风般的，飞快的
• They married three months after they met - it was a real whirlwind romance. 他们认识三个月后就结婚了——真是旋风式的恋爱。
• a whirlwind tour/visit 旋风式的旅行／拜访
n. [气象] 旋风；旋风般的快速行动
 - cyclone, windspout

Word: overriding
Front: overriding
[ˌəʊvəˈraɪdɪŋ] (宝 12417/10048)
Back: adj. 最重要的，高于一切的
v. 推翻，无视(override的现在分词); （以权力）否决; 优先于; 比…更重要
分布：最主要的(100%)
→来自override,凌驾。引申词义凌驾一切的，首要的。
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-/
■more important than anything else 最重要的，首要的；压倒一切的
• The government's overriding concern is to reduce inflation. 政府最关心的是减轻通货膨胀。
noun uncountable UK [ˌəʊ.vəˈraɪ.dɪŋ] US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
    UK [ˈ--ˌ--/
■travelling on public transport further than your ticket allows you to 乘公共交通工具时超过票价区间的情况
• There is a penalty for overriding. 乘车超过区间会被罚款。
adj. 高于一切的，最重要的
 - supreme, principal, main, lead

Word: moderator
Front: moderator
[ˈmɒdəreɪtə(r)] (12436/17548)
Back: n. （讨论、会议等的）主持人; <物>（原子堆中的）减速剂; <英>成绩核对人; （新教的）宗教领袖
分布：仲裁人(50%)，调解人(29%)，让中子更可能使铀235原子裂变(7%)，而较少被铀238原子吸收)(7%)，减速剂 (降低自由中子在核反应堆中速度的物质(7%)
→来自moderate,适中的，适度的。引申词义调解人，调停人。
调解人(moderate调节)[-ator表名词,通常由ate结尾的动词而来,"做事的人或物]
US ['mɑ:.də.reɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable (US usually mediator) formal
■someone who tries to help other people come to an agreement 仲裁人；调解人
• An independent moderator should be appointed to oversee the negotiations. 应任命一个独立的调解人来监督谈判。
■US
■someone who makes certain that a formal discussion happens without problems and follows the rules （正式讨论的）主持人；仲裁人
• He challenged the president to a series of TV debates. Just the two of them, with no moderator. 他强烈要求与总统进行一系列电视辩论。就他们两个，没有主持人。
■UK specialized
■someone who makes certain that all the people marking (= giving marks for) an examination use the same standards 评分监督
• The final marks awarded for coursework will depend upon the moderator. 课程的最后分数由评分监督决定。
n. [核] 慢化剂；仲裁人；调解人； [助剂] 缓和剂
 - daysman, arbitrator

Word: objectively
Front: objectively
[əb'dʒektɪvlɪ] (12438/11272)
Vocabulary: objectively
(once / 8295 pages)
adv
When you do something objectively, you do it with an open mind, considering the facts rather than your personal feelings. A spelling bee judge has to make decisions objectively.
Being able to think objectively is important for many jobs — teachers shouldn't favor certain students, but ought to act objectively, and of course lawyers and judges are expected to think objectively. Chess players and historians are more successful if they think objectively as well. The adverb comes from its related adjective, objective, by way of the Medieval Latin objectum, "thing presented to the mind," combining ob-, "in the way of" with jacere, "to throw."
WORD FAMILY
objective: nonobjective, objectively, objectiveness, objectives, objectivity, unobjective+/ objectivity: objectivities/unobjective: unobjectively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Completing the journey is predictively and repeatably possible—anyone who claims otherwise is objectively wrong—but it’s also not for the faint of heart.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Productivity targets are set objectively, based on previous performance levels achieved by our workforce.”
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
He added: “The standard of teaching was objectively unacceptable.”
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adv. 客观地
分布：客观地(100%)
N-COUNT
目的；目标；宗旨
Your objective is what you are trying to achieve.
例：Our main objective was the recovery of the child safe and well...我们的主要目标是将孩子安然无恙地找回来。
例：His objective was to play golf and win.他的目标是参加高尔夫球比赛并赢得胜利。
ADJ
（信息）客观的，基于事实的
Objective information is based on facts.
例：He had no objective evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.他没有客观证据表明正在发生什么不同寻常之事。
ADJ-GRADED
（观点）客观的，不带个人感情的，没有个人偏见的
If someone is objective, they base their opinions on facts rather than on their personal feelings.
例：I believe that a journalist should be completely objective...我认为新闻记者不应当有丝毫偏见。
例：I would really like to have your objective opinion on this.我很想听听你对此事的客观见解。

Word: crotch
Front: crotch
[krɒtʃ] (12480/24756)
Back: n. （人体的）胯部，两腿分叉处; 裤裆
分布：裆部(73%)，叉柱(27%)
→词源同crook,crochet. 俚语，即看起来像个小弯钩。
US [krɑ:tʃ] (also crutch)
noun countable
■the part of your body where your legs join at the top, or the part of trousers or underwear which covers this area 胯部；裤裆
n. （人的）胯部，分叉处；丫叉
 - crutch

Word: finalize
Front: finalize
[ˈfaɪnəlaɪz] (12467/22073 -1)
Vocabulary: finalize
(once / 7023 pages)
v
When you put the finishing touches on something, such as agreeing on a specific time and place to meet your friend on Saturday, you finalize your plans.
The word finalize is relatively new, and often people choose to use the words conclude or complete instead, maybe because finalize seems a little fake to them. In the 1920s, an Australian writer took the word final, meaning the very last, and the suffix -ize, and stuck them together to make finalize. Before long it showed up in dictionaries, and the invention of the word was finalized.
WORD FAMILY
finalize: finalization, finalized, finalizes, finalizing+/ final: finalise, finalist, finality, finalize, finally, finals, semifinal/finalise: finalisation, finalised/ finalist: finalists/ finality: finalities/semifinal: semifinalist, semifinals/semifinalist: semifinalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also worth noting is that Green Bay’s win over Detroit also finalized the list of opponents for Seattle in 2017.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He hopes to finalize a few more details before distribution begins.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He hopes to finalize plans within the next week.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 完成; 使结束; 使落实
vi. 把…最后定下来; 定案
时态：finalized, finalizing, finalizes
分布：完成(100%)
(UK usually finalise) ['faɪ.nə.laɪz] verb transitive
■to make a final and certain decision about a plan, date, etc 把（计划、日期等）最后定下
• We'll finalize the details later. 细节我们稍后再定。
vt. 完成；使结束
 - accomplish, carry out, achieve, complete, perform

Word: psychotherapy
Front: psychotherapy
[ˌsaɪkəʊˈθerəpi] (12460/21493 -2)
Back: n. [医]精神疗法; 心理疗法
分布：心理疗法(70%)，精神疗法(30%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，therapy,治疗。
US [-koʊ-] noun uncountable
■the treatment of mental illness by discussing the problems which caused it with the sufferer, instead of using drugs or operations 心理治疗，精神疗法

Word: priceless
Front: priceless
[ˈpraɪsləs] (12469/13888 -1)
Vocabulary: priceless
(once / 1528 pages)
adj
Something priceless is incredibly valuable. It's so valuable that no one would ever want to sell it or be able to buy it.
Since a price is what it costs to buy something, priceless things cannot be bought; they're too valuable. People sometimes talk about "priceless treasures," which may actually have a price, though only a millionaire could afford buying them. More often, priceless things are things without a monetary value — like friendship, love, honor, etc. Parents call their children priceless, because they value them so much and obviously would never sell them.
WORD FAMILY
priceless: pricelessly, pricelessness+/overprice: overpriced, overpricing/ price: overprice, priced, priceless, prices, pricey, pricing, pricy, underprice/pricing: pricings/pricy: pricier, priciest, pricily/underprice: underpriced, underprices, underpricing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, “The Party” is dated, but Sellers’ comic expressions are timeless — and pricelessly funny.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
In the grand scheme of things $3m is not much to a big corporation like Salesforce, but the amount of goodwill it bought was priceless.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
How priceless is the McKinsey guy saying "a glimpse of a private shower or cabin creates a marker in people's minds?"
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无价的; 极贵重的; 非常有趣的; 极荒谬的
n. 非卖品
分布：无价的(100%)
→来自price,价格，-less,没有。引申词义无法用价格来衡量的，极珍贵的。
adjective
■describes an object which has such a high value, especially because it is rare, that the price of it cannot be calculated 贵重的，无价的
• A priceless collection of vases was destroyed. 一批贵重的花瓶被损毁了。
• figurative Her knowledge and experience would make her a priceless (= extremely useful) asset to the team. 渊博的知识和丰富的经验会使她成为队中的无价之宝。
■informal
■extremely funny to see or hear 极其好笑的
• You should have seen the look on her face when I told her - it was priceless! 你真应该看看我告诉她时她脸上的表情——太好笑了！
valueless/worthless, priceless, invaluable
valueless/worthless: 没有价值的；
priceless: 无价之宝的；
invaluable: 一般不形容价格或钱，意为“非常有用的”
adj. 无价的；极贵重的；非常有趣的
 - invaluable, inestimable

Word: trance
Front: trance
[trɑ:ns] (宝 12432/15165 -1)
Vocabulary: trance
(once / 1411 pages)
nv
If your eyes are open but you're not fully awake and in control, you may be in trance. Someone might have hypnotized you, or just a glimpse of your latest heartthrob might send you into a trance.
Trances don’t have to be magic or mysterious — when you avoid facing your problems head-on, you’re creating your own trance. President Obama once said, speaking of America's decades-long dependence on foreign oil, "We cannot keep going from shock when prices go up, to trance when they go back down." He meant that when prices rise, we all complain, but when they fall, we forget we ever had a problem and refuse to change a thing.
WORD FAMILY
trance: semitrance, tranced, trancelike, trances, trancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few weeks later, I drove to his new apartment in a trance of happiness.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Pearl of wisdom: We spend most of our lives in a reactive trance, not really thinking about why we do what we do.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The original was already a masterpiece of art and engineering, melding a trance soundtrack with psychedelic explosions of light and color.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 出神; 恍惚; [医]迷睡，神志昏迷; 着迷，入迷
vt. 使恍惚; 使出神; 使发呆
时态：tranced, trancing, trances
分布：恍惚(66%)，出神(24%)，发呆(10%)
→来自古法语 transe,昏迷，来自拉丁语 transire,昏迷，来自 trans-,跨越，转移，ire,走，词源同 exit,transit.拼写受后缀-ance 影响俗化。其原义为进入死亡状态，引申词义昏迷，恍惚等。
【记】源于：entrance（n 入口；v 使神智恍惚）
US [trænts] noun
MENTAL CONDITION 心理状态
countable
■a temporary mental condition in which someone is not completely conscious of and/or not in control of themselves and of what is happening to them 昏睡状态；催眠状态
• First she goes/falls into a deep trance and then the spirit voices start to speak through her. 首先，她陷入深度昏睡状态，然后神灵开始透过她说话。
• When a hypnotist puts you in(to) a trance, you no longer have conscious control of yourself. 当催眠师使你陷入催眠状态后，你就不能再清醒地控制自己了。
• He sat staring out of the window as if in a trance. 他坐在那里，两眼凝视着窗外，好像在发呆似的。
UK [trɑ:nts] US [trænts] noun
MUSIC 音乐
uncountable
■fast, electronic dance music with a regular beat, keyboards, but usually no singing 迷幻音乐，睡房音乐（一种快节奏的电子舞曲）
n. 恍惚；出神；着迷，入迷
 - possession, absentmindedness
vt. 使恍惚；使发呆
 - bemuse

Word: stealth
Front: stealth
[stelθ] (宝 12455/14083 -1)
Vocabulary: stealth
(once / 650 pages)
n
Stealth means sneakiness. When you do something with stealth, you do it so quietly and carefully that no one notices. You might admire the stealth of your cat when she sneaks up on a mouse.
Stealth and steal come from the same root word and used to mean the same thing. Stealth is still a certainly a quality useful in stealing, but the meaning has branched out. It can also be something quietly done in secret. For example, a stealth bomber is an aircraft that's hard to detect by radar. Or if you plan a birthday party by stealth, then the guest of honor will be pleasantly surprised.
WORD FAMILY
stealth: stealths, stealthy +/ stealthy: stealthier, stealthiest, stealthily, stealthiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
No meticulously planned stealth release, with its carefully cultivated air of surprise and concealed impact date, was as surprising as David Bowie or Prince’s death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I hit them with the stealth carry,” said Bryant, who said his last pass in a game was also a TD in high school.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Super Hornets “require escort aircraft to compensate for their lack of stealth” and capability to gather, fuse and distribute data from weapons sensors, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 秘密行动; 鬼祟; 隐形，潜入
分布：隐形飞机(42%)，秘密行动(34%)，鬼祟(18%)，隐蔽性(6%)
→steal,偷，-th,名词后缀。引申形容词词义偷偷摸摸的，隐形的。
偷偷摸摸(steal偷)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
noun uncountable
■movement which is quiet and careful in order not to be seen or heard, or secret action 偷偷摸摸；秘密行动；不声张的活动
• These thieves operate with terrifying stealth - they can easily steal from the pockets of unsuspecting travellers. 这些窃贼偷起东西来神不知鬼不觉——他们轻而易举就能从毫无戒备的游客口袋中偷走东西。
• It would seem that some politicians would prefer to use financial stealth rather than legislation to produce change. 看来一些政界人士宁愿利用隐性的经济手段，也不愿透过立法来推行改革。
• The weapons had been acquired by stealth. 这些武器的来历见不得光。
n. 秘密；秘密行动；鬼祟
 - secret, privacy, confidence, mystery

Word: aberration
Front: aberration
[ˌæbəˈreɪʃn] (宝 12462/14308 -1)
Vocabulary: aberration
(once / 3461 pages)
n
An aberration is something strange that rarely occurs. An example of an aberration is when the temperature hits 90 degrees in January — it's nice and warm, but it's really strange.
The noun aberration often refers to something that doesn't fit with current moral standards, or is something that shows a mental lack of control. Aberration comes from the Latin word that means "to wander, go astray." Today, you'd say it was an aberration to send little children to work in coal mines and factories and not to school, which was common in the nineteenth century. There's a very old poem called "The Chimney Sweep" about a boy who cleans chimneys and is only about five years old!
WORD FAMILY
aberration: aberrations+/aberrate: aberrance, aberrated, aberrating, aberration
USAGE EXAMPLES
If the result is great literature, it would be perverse to judge hearing voices an aberration requiring treatment rather than a precious gift.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He fears the numbers aren’t an aberration, but the beginning of another upward curve.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Seahawks comment: “When the losses over the last five games outnumber the wins, it’s hard to call any defeat an aberration.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 偏差，差错; 脱离常规，越轨; [医]心理失常，精神迷乱; [法]过失
分布：失常(41%)，越轨(22%)，误差(20%)，偏差(17%)
越轨;失常(aberrant,后缀ant换成ation)"[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
[ˌæb.ə'reɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a temporary change from the typical or usual way of behaving （暂时的）脱离常规，反常现象，异常行为
• In a moment of aberration, she agreed to go with him. 她一反常态，竟然答应跟他一起去了。
• I'm sorry I'm late - I had a mental aberration and forgot we had a meeting today. 对不起，我迟到了。我一时糊涂，竟忘了今天要开会。

Word: front-page
Front: front-page
[ˈfrʌntˈpeɪdʒ] None
Back: adj. 头版的; 重要的; 轰动的
v. 把…登在头版
分布：轰动的(50%)，重要的(40%)，适合第一版的(10%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes information that is so important that it deserves to be printed on the front page of a newspaper （消息）头版的，重要的，轰动的
• The story made front-page news. 该报道上了头版。
adj. （新闻等的）头版的；重要的；轰动的
 - crucial, important, considerable, material, big

Word: technologically
Front: technologically
[ˌteknə'lɒdʒɪklɪ] (12463/20945)
Back: adv. 技术上地
分布：技术上地(100%)
ADJ
科技的;工艺的;技术的
Technological means relating to or associated with technology.
例：...an era of very rapid technological change.科技发生迅猛变革的时代

Word: hunk
Front: hunk
[hʌŋk] (宝 12464/21897 -1)
Vocabulary: hunk
(once / 6221 pages)
1n 2n
A hunk is a piece or a chunk or a lump, something without a definite shape. You might eat a hunk of cheese or play with a hunk of clay. If you call someone a hunk, you think he’s hot.
For a casual dinner you might just grab a hunk of bread off the loaf and dip it in beef stew, which is full of hunks of meat and potatoes. A completely different type of hunk is a handsome man: "When did your cousin turn into such a hunk?" Hubba hubba! This second meaning dates from around 1945, from African American slang.
WORD FAMILY
hunk: hunks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In June, after an appendectomy, Oliver was carried onstage by a shirtless hunk.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
One does not walk to a pawnshop or a jeweler with a Sharpie-scrawled hunk of metal as if it were a ring or a Rolex.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
They staple upholstery to hunks of wood harvested by timber operations in Wisconsin.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 厚片，大块; （俚语）强壮
adj. 好的; 行的
分布：大块(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自拟声词，模仿大块物体落地的声音，俚语义魁梧性感的男子。比较chunk,clunk,dunk.
noun countable
PIECE 一块
■a large thick piece, especially of food （尤指食物的）大片，厚片
• a hunk of bread/cheese/meat 一大块面包／乳酪／肉
[hʌŋk] noun countable
MAN 男人 informal approving
■a tall strong attractive man 健壮迷人的男子
n. 大块，大片；厚块；（俚语）强壮
 - bulk, chunk
adj. 好的；行的
 - good, fine, ok, great, bona

Word: incision
Front: incision
[ɪnˈsɪʒn] (宝 12456/20991)
Vocabulary: incision
(once / 3318 pages)
n
An incision is a surgical cut. A doctor uses a scalpel to make an incision in a patient's skin.
An incision usually refers to a cut that's made during surgery, like an abdominal incision made by a surgeon during a gall bladder operation. A decorative or artistic cut can also be called an incision, such as a cut in carved wood or marble. Incision can also describe the power of sharp observation, like the incision of your friend who can always tell when you're upset, even when you try to hide it.
WORD FAMILY
incision: incisions+/ incise: incised, incising, incision, incisive, incisure/ incisive: incisively, incisiveness/incisure: incisures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Middlesbrough’s need for urgency and incision was apparent to all.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Cellphone lights were used to illuminate the area of Coughlin’s incision and the procedure was successfully completed.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
“Patriots outfit Gronk with protective cone collar to prevent him from licking his incision wound.”
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 切开，切口
分布：切口(92%)，切割(8%)
→来自incise,雕刻，切入。
【参】incise（vt 切割；雕刻）cise切；concise（adj 简明的；简练的）
【反】suture（n /v 缝合）
noun countable or uncountable
■an opening that is made in something with a sharp tool, especially in someone's body during an operation （尤指手术的）切口
• The surgeon makes a small incision into which a tube is inserted. 外科医生切开一个小口把管子插了进去。
n. 切口；雕刻，切割； [外科] 切开
 - sculpture, carving

Word: two-time
Front: two-time
[ˈtu:taim] None
Back: vt. 欺骗，出卖，对妻子（丈夫）不忠
分布：欺骗(60%)，出卖(40%)
['tu:.taɪm] informal
verb transitive
■A person who two-times someone they are having a relationship with deceives them by having a secret sexual relationship with someone else at the same time 脚踏两船；对…不忠
• I finished with him when I found out he was two-timing me. 当我发现他脚踏两船时，就与分手了。
vt. 欺骗；出卖；爱情上对…不忠
 - sell, fox, kid

Word: temperate
Front: temperate
[ˈtempərət] (托雅 12446/10791 -1)
Vocabulary: temperate
(once / 725 pages)
adj
Temperate means mild, moderate. If you're a temperate person, you are calm, reasonable. If you live in a temperate climate, it's warm and sunny, but not too hot.
Like other words that sound similar, temperate has to do with measurement and range. Temperatures measure how hot and cold things are and someone with a temper is hot-headed or intemperate, the opposite of this word. A temperate person's life motto is summed up by Goldilocks: not too hot and not too cold, just right.
WORD FAMILY
temperate: intemperate, temperately, temperateness, temperater+/ intemperate: intemperately, intemperateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But even at temperate European latitudes, scientists were finding plants moving north, new insects arriving and previously unseen diseases.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
For these, and perhaps some other countries in tropical or temperate zones, it may be a way of saving money and energy.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
They are common in equatorial, temperate and cold waters.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有节制的; （气候）温和的; 适度的
分布：温和的(73%)，有节制的(19%)，适度的(8%)
→来自 temper,管控，调节，-ate,形容词后缀。即控制住的，引申词义气候温和的，特别用于指 温带的。比较 tropic.
适度的,有节制的,(temper+ate→脾气[不坏]→有节制的)[temper,tempor=time,表示"时间"或时间引起的现象]
【记】temper（v 使温和；n 脾气），ate＝克制的
【反】extreme（adj 尽头的；极端的）；frivolous（adj 轻佻的）
US [-pɚ.ət] adjective
WEATHER 天气
■(of weather conditions) neither very hot nor very cold （气候）温带的，温和的
• a temperate climate 温和的气候
■describes plants that grow naturally in places where the weather is neither very hot nor very cold （植物）（适于）在温和气候条件下生长的
UK ['tem.pər.ət/ UK [-prət] US [-pɚ.ət] adjective
BEHAVIOUR 行为 formal
■If someone's behaviour is temperate, it is calm and controlled. （行为）温和的，有节制的 Opposite intemperate
adj. 温和的；适度的；有节制的
 - pacific, moderate, gentle, soft, mild

Word: transmitted
Front: transmitted
[trænz'mɪtɪd] (12475/12799)
Vocabulary: transmitted
(once / 778 pages)
adj
Something transmitted is passed or sent from one place to another. Transmitted messages or signals, for example, might be sent by one person and received by another.
Start with trans-, which shows up in many words having to do with travel or movement. Something that's transmitted travels from one point to another. A transmitted message might be sent via smoke signal, and transmitted information about your whereabouts can be conveyed through your cellphone. Your blue eyes are evidence of transmitted genetic material. Transmitted, though, is best used for things you can't hold or touch. For those, use transported.
WORD FAMILY
transmit: retransmit, transmissible, transmission, transmits, transmittable, transmittal, transmitted, transmitter, transmitting+/retransmit: retransmitted, retransmitting/transmissible: nontransmissible/ transmission: transmissions/transmittal: transmittals/transmitter: transmitters
USAGE EXAMPLES
This audio is then transmitted to Amazon's computer servers, which interpret the request and tell it how to respond.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
The images are converted into electrical pulses and transmitted wirelessly to an array of electrodes attached to the retina.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
It was 45 minutes later that the data transmitted from the truck turned strange.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: v. 发射，播送，广播( transmit的过去式和过去分词 ); 传播; 传导; 传（热、声等）
分布：传输的(58%)，传送的(26%)，传达的(10%)，动词transmit的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
VERB
传送;传递;播送
When radio and television programmes, computer data, or other electronic messages are transmitted, they are sent from one place to another, using wires, radio waves, or satellites.
例：The game was transmitted live in Spain and Italy...这场比赛在西班牙和意大利进行了现场直播。
例：The information is electronically transmitted to schools and colleges…信息通过电子方式传送到各所学校和学院。
VERB
传播，传染(疾病)
If one person or animal transmits a disease to another, they have the disease and cause the other person or animal to have it.
例：...mosquitoes that transmit disease to humans...传染疾病给人类的蚊子
例：There was no danger of transmitting the infection through operations.不存在通过手术传播这种传染病的风险。
VERB
传达，传输(思想、感情)
If you transmit an idea or feeling to someone else, you make them understand and share the idea or feeling.
例：The message they are transmitting to their daughters is very different from that of previous generations…他们向女儿传输的信息与上几代人截然不同。
例：He transmitted his keen enjoyment of singing to the audience.他把自己对演唱的激情投入传递给了观众。
VERB
传导(声、电等)
If an object or substance transmits something such as sound or electrical signals, the sound or signals are able to pass through it.
例：These thin crystals transmit much of the power...这些薄薄的晶体传导了大部分的动力。
例：There was no vibration transmitted to the handles and the machine wasn't noisy either.没有任何振动传导到手柄，机器也没有任何噪音。

Word: crossover
Front: crossover
[ˈkrɒsəʊvə(r)] (12472/21763 -1)
Back: n. [生]（杂色体的）杂交，交换; [铁路]岔道，转线路; <英>（交搭胸前的）女围巾; 天桥
分布：交叉(82%)，跨界(16%)，交迭(2%)
US ['krɑ:s.oʊ.vɚ] noun countable
■the process or result of changing from one activity or style to another （活动或风格的）转型，转变，变化
• a crossover artist/album 改变风格的艺术家／转型专辑

Word: epitomize
Front: epitomize
[ɪˈpɪtəmaɪz] (宝 12479/21542 -1)
Vocabulary: epitomize
(once / 8180 pages)
v
If you epitomize something, you’re a perfect example of that thing. If you never get nervous when playing basketball and can always make that last-second shot, your teammates might say you epitomize mental toughness.
A person can epitomize something — usually an abstract quality, like grace or greed — but epitomize can apply to other things as well. A popular band might epitomize the spirit of the new decade, which means it has all the main characteristics associated with the era's music, like long folksy beards, pretty harmonies, and earnest lyrics. A frustrating situation at work involving careless coworkers might make you say that they epitomize everything that’s wrong with your job.
WORD FAMILY
epitomize: epitomized, epitomizes, epitomizing+/ epitome: epitomes, epitomise, epitomize /epitomise: epitomised, epitomises, epitomising
USAGE EXAMPLES
"She epitomized and personified Hollywood glamour," Father Edward Benioff said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In January, we described Caterpillar Inc. as a company that epitomized the industrial slowdown gripping the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The sequence epitomizes the scrappy resourcefulness of this production, whose homespun look and roughhousing energy are admirably suited to French writer Alfred Jarry’s landmark play.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 作…的摘要; 成为…的缩影; 概括; 集中体现
时态：epitomized, epitomizing, epitomizes
分布：概括(43%)，摘要(33%)，作为典范(16%)，成为 ... 的缩影(8%)
典型概括(把主要特点概括进去)[tom=cut表示"切割"]
【记】e出，pit坑，tom＝tomb墓碑－墓碑上有墓志铭是一个人生平的概括。
【参】epitome[SAT]（n 典型；梗概）＝abstract＝abridgmenttome切－切掉不重要的部分－梗概epi在…后，tome（n 册卷；大本书）：在一本书的后边－概括
US [-'pɪtˌ-] verb transitive
■to be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing 是…的典型；成为…的典范
• With little equipment and unsuitable footwear, she epitomizes the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker. 她几乎没有带任何装备，穿的鞋也不合适，是一个典型的缺乏经验、准备不足的登山客。
vt. 摘要；概括；成为…的缩影
 - abstract, brief

Word: bedrock
Front: bedrock
[ˈbedrɒk] (托 12485/15095 -1)
Vocabulary: bedrock
(once / 10553 pages)
n
Bedrock is the hard layer of rock beneath looser rocks and soil. In some places, the bedrock is exposed, while in others it lies deep underground.
A geologist who's interested in studying the bedrock in different areas might have to dig through the various layers of soil to reach that bedrock. You can also use the word in a figurative way, to mean "the heart of the matter," or "the basic, fundamental principles." For example, you might say that fairness and freedom is the bedrock of a good government. The word combines bed — here meaning "plot of land" — and rock.
WORD FAMILY
bedrock: bedrocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Thursday, the Obama administration imposed sanctions against Russia for interfering in the election, the bedrock of the U.S. political system.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He also put together “Bedrock 18 — Signals,” a multiartist compilation on three discs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On Thursday, the Obama administration imposed sanctions against Russia for interfering in the election, the bedrock of the American political system.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 牢固基础; 基本事实，基本原则; 最低点; 基岩
分布：基础(49%)，岩床(21%)，根底(15%)，基本原则(15%)
→bed, 河床。rock, 岩石。
US [-rɑ:k] noun
uncountable
■the hard area of rock in the ground which holds up the loose soil above 基岩
only singular
■the main principles on which something is based 基础
• Some people believe that the family is the bedrock of society. 一些人认为家庭是社会的基础。
n. [地质] 基岩；根底；基本原理
 - fundamental, basic principle

Word: ornamental
Front: ornamental
[ˌɔ:nəˈmentl] (六托 12466/9921)
Vocabulary: ornamental
(once / 1057 pages)
adjn
If something is ornamental, it's a decoration. The red feather in your cap is most definitely ornamental; it serves no purpose other than providing a splash of color.
Ornamental things are, by definition, just for show — they're not actually useful. So an ornamental pond in your yard might be pretty, but you can't fish or swim in it, and an ornamental telephone booth in your friend's living room doesn't really work. Likewise, ornamental plants or gardens are full of beautiful flowers and foliage, but nothing in them is edible.
WORD FAMILY
ornamental: ornamentalism, ornamentally, ornamentals+/ ornament: ornamental, ornamentation, ornamented, ornamenting, ornaments/ornamentalism: ornamentalist/ornamentalist: ornamentalists/ ornamentation: ornamentations/ornamented: unornamented
USAGE EXAMPLES
The area was ringed with ornamental poles, not concrete barriers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
“A lot of people in D.C. think that music is ornamental,” Gray says.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Cherubs and ornamental flowers adorn the ceiling; set amid the swirling plaster are colourful vistas of desert islands fringed with palm trees.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 装饰的，装饰用的
n. 观赏植物; 装饰物
分布：装饰的(100%)
US [ˌɔ:r.nə'men.tˌəl] adjective
■beautiful rather than useful 装饰性的，装饰用的；装饰的
• a bowl of ornamental china fruit 一盘装饰性瓷制果
• The handles on each side of the box are purely ornamental (= They are for decoration only). 盒子两边的把手纯粹是装饰。
adj. 装饰的，装饰性的
 - decorative, illuminative
n. 观赏植物；装饰品
 - decoration, trimming

Word: chi
Front: chi
[kaɪ] (10943/17363)
Back: n. 希腊字母的第 22字
分布：希腊字母表中的第22个字母(100%)
→希腊字母X的读音。
[tʃi:] (also ch'i) (or qi)
noun uncountable
■in some systems of Chinese medicine and exercise, the most important energy that a person has 气（某些中医理论和中国运动理论中人体内最重要的能量）

Word: indulgence
Front: indulgence
[ɪnˈdʌldʒəns] (12489/11258)
Vocabulary: indulgence
(once / 484 pages)
1n 2n
An indulgence is doing something that you enjoy even if it has negative consequences. Buying yourself something that you don't need, be it a cookie, video game, or diamond necklace, is an indulgence.
If you allow yourself to eat more chocolate cake or watch more TV than is really good for you, those are your little indulgences. If you spend your life savings on a trip to Tahiti, that’s a huge indulgence. If someone says to you, "Grant me this indulgence," prepare for a long-winded story that tries to convince you of something. Long, long ago the Catholic Church sold something called "indulgences": pardons for sins.
WORD FAMILY
indulgence: indulgences, nonindulgence, self-indulgence+/ indulge: indulged, indulgence, indulges, indulging, overindulge/overindulge: overindulged, overindulgence, overindulges, overindulging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim and I enjoy our drinks and dessert of deep-fried Snickers, which is indulgence par excellence.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But the doting motherhood Clark displayed was considered a bourgeois indulgence.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Cooking seasonal comfort food with skill and a dash of extra indulgence.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 沉溺; 迁就，宽容; 嗜好; 溺爱，放纵
分布：沉溺 放纵 嗜好(100%)
→in-,进入，使，-dulge,长的，长时间的，来自del,长，词源同long,play,pledge.其原义为长时间的从事于某事，爱好，嗜好，后词义贬义化，引申词义沉湎，沉溺，放纵。
【反】asceticism（n 苦行；禁欲主义）
noun
countable or uncountable
■when you allow someone or yourself to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you 沉溺；放纵
• Chocolate is my only indulgence. 巧克力是我唯一的嗜好。
• All the pleasures and indulgences of the weekend are over, and I must get down to some serious hard work. 周末的快乐时光和享受都结束了，我要认真处理一些棘手的工作。
• His health suffered from over- indulgence in (= too much) rich food and drink. 过度食用油腻食物和酗酒损害了他的健康。
⇒ See also self-indulgence
uncountable
■when you allow or do not mind someone's failure or bad behaviour 允许；迁就；纵容
• My inability to do needlework was treated with surprising indulgence by my teacher. 我不会做针线活，而老师竟然迁就了我，这真令我吃惊。
n. 嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺
 - weakness, habit, hobby, appetite, loose

Word: dreamy
Front: dreamy
[ˈdri:mi] (12473/19529 -1)
Vocabulary: dreamy
(once / 680 pages)
adj
Things that are dreamy seem slightly strange and unreal, but in a lovely way. A dreamy tune on the radio might make you close your eyes and smile.
Your favorite tea shop might have a dreamy atmosphere, and your favorite movie might be slow and dreamy, with dreamlike images and meditative music. If a person is dreamy, she tends to live in her head, thinking or daydreaming. Informally, you can also describe something or someone that's wonderful or nice to look at as dreamy: "He's my favorite singer, and he's so dreamy." This casual meaning began as US teen slang in the 1940s.
WORD FAMILY
dreamy: dreamier, dreamiest, dreamily, dreaminess+/ dream: dreamed, dreamer, dreamfully, dreaming, dreamless, dreamlike, dreams, dreamt, dreamy /dreamed: undreamed/dreamer: dreamers/dreaming: dreamings/dreamless: dreamlessly/dreamt: undreamt
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s all a little dreamy, and its New Agey-ness is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A carefully produced set of dreamy folk tunes, the record earned warm reviews and even won a Grammy Award for album of the year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Last spring, when I was once again joining my husband on his academic adventures, this time in London, I spent many dreamy hours in Waterstones.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 如梦的，梦幻般的; 梦想的; 轻柔的; 恍惚的
级别：dreamier, dreamiest
分布：梦幻般的(66%)，轻柔的(19%)，心不在焉的(9%)，不切实际的(6%)
adjective
■seeming to be in a dream and not paying attention to what is happening around you 做梦似的；出神的，恍惚的
• She gets this dreamy expression on her face when she talks about food. 说到食物她脸上就会浮现出这种迷离的神情。
■very pleasant or attractive 宜人的；诱人的，迷人的
• The film opens with a dreamy shot of a sunset. 影片的开头是一个迷人的落日镜头。
• old-fashioned He has these dreamy blue eyes. 他有一双迷人的蓝眼睛。
adj. 梦想的；空幻的；轻柔的；恍惚的
 - adream, visionary

Word: fungal
Front: fungal
[ˈfʌŋgl] (12482/22013 -1)
Vocabulary: fungal
(once / 49454 pages)
adj
Fungal things have something to do with a fungus, or an organism that produces spores. The most familiar fungal species are mushrooms.
Yeasts and molds are fungal, and if you see a mildewed area on the wall of your shower, you can say, "Will someone please clean this fungal mess?" The fungal organisms that bear fruit are mushrooms, which you might think of as plants but which really exist in an entirely separate category from plants and animals. Fungal and fungus both come from the Latin, with the probable Greek root sphongos, "sponge."
WORD FAMILY
fungal: antifungal+/antifungal: antifungals
USAGE EXAMPLES
He developed a fungal infection in his mouth — a fallout of an immune system compromised by chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
"And it became resilient to the fungal disease," he says.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In October 2012, the fungal pathogen arrived in natural woodland on the East Anglian coast.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 真菌的，由真菌引起的; 同“fungous”
分布：真菌的(82%)，由真菌引起的(18%)
→来自fungus, 真菌。
adjective
■caused by a fungus 真菌（引起）的
• a fungal infection 真菌感染

Word: irritating
Front: irritating
['ɪrɪteɪtɪŋ] (托 12492/9510 -K)
Vocabulary: irritating
(once / 1536 pages)
adj
If something's irritating, it annoys you. To most people, tuneless whistling and fingernails on a chalkboard are both irritating sounds.
Irritating things bug you. A little kid kicking the back of your seat on an airplane, a driver who follows you too closely on the highway, an early morning work crew right outside your bedroom window — all of these things can be irritating. A more physical way for something to be irritating is if it causes irritation — like a rash or soreness or pain. Your new watch may be irritating to your skin, leaving a red mark on your wrist.
WORD FAMILY
irritating: irritatingly+/irritability: irritabilities/ irritable: irritability, irritably/ irritate: irritable, irritated, irritates, irritating, irritation, irritative/ irritated: irritatedly/ irritation: irritations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet I still found it rather irritating to read so many diagnosis of the man.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
When the brain’s regulatory powers weaken, frustrations seem more irritating than usual.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
Back: adj. 气人的，使人不愉快的; <医>起刺激作用的
v. 使恼怒，使急躁; 使感到不适，使疼痛
分布：气人的(45%)，使愤怒的(33%)，动词irritate的现在分词.(11%)，令人不愉快的(11%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel annoyed 恼人的，令人厌烦的
• an irritating habit 烦人的习惯
adj. 刺激的；气人的；使愤怒的
 - incentive, stimulating
v. 刺激（irritate的ing形式）；激怒
 - exciting, stimulating

Word: bisexual
Front: bisexual
[ˌbaɪˈsekʃuəl] (12468/23123 -1)
Back: adj. 两性的; 雌雄同体的; 双性恋的
n. 雌雄同体; 两性人
分布：两性的(56%)，雌雄同体的(44%)
→前缀bi-, 二。sex, 性。
noun countable
■a person who is attracted to both men and women 双性恋者 Compare heterosexual ; homosexual
adj. [生物] 两性的；雌雄同体的
 - hermaphroditic, amphoteric

Word: differential
Front: differential
[ˌdɪfəˈrenʃl] (8802/8147 -1)
Vocabulary: differential
(once / 4546 pages)
1nadj 2n
Things that show a difference or act in different ways can be described as differential. You and your sister may get differential benefits from eating a vegetarian diet.
You're most likely to come across the adjective differential in scholarly or scientific writing — it's really just a more formal way to say "different" or "differing." Sociological studies or articles often describe differential circumstances or outcomes, like the differential effects on various children of being raised with one parent. The Latin differentia is at the root of differential — it means "diversity or difference," and it comes from differre, "to set apart."
WORD FAMILY
differential: differentially, differentials+/ differ: differed, different, differing, differs/ difference: differences, differential, differentiate / different: difference, differently, indifferent / differentiate: dedifferentiate, differentiable, differentiated, differentiates, differentiating, differentiation, differentiator/differentiated: dedifferentiated, undifferentiated/ differentiation: dedifferentiation, differentiations/ indifference: indifferences/ indifferent: indifference, indifferenter, indifferently
USAGE EXAMPLES
That said, the South of England as a whole continued to see "slightly stronger price growth" than the North of England, though the differential narrowed.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
While the euro is unusually weak against the resurgent dollar, the pound is far weaker, boosting price differentials on most goods.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“There clearly is a cost differential, and more and more kinds of activity are becoming feasible there,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 差别的; 特意的; [数]微分的; [机，物]差动的
n. [数]微分; 差别; 工资级差; [机]差动器
分布：差别(46%)，微分的(23%)，差别的(19%)，差动齿轮(4%)，特定的(4%)，工资差额(4%)
noun countable
GAP 差距
■an amount of difference between things which are compared 差额；差距
• a price differential 价格差距
• The pay differential between workers and management is too great. 工人与管理者之间的工资差距过大。
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] noun countable
GEAR 齿轮
■a differential gear
[ˌdɪf.ə'ren.tʃəl] adjective
■based on a difference 有所区别的，有所差别的
• We have a differential salary structure based on employees' experience. 我们按照员工工作经验的不同采用不同的薪金结构。
diverse, differential
diverse: 多种多样的
differential: 差异的，区别的
adj. [数] [地质] 微分的；差别的；特异的
 - fluxionary
n. [数] 微分；差别
 - distinction, contrast

Word: Byzantine

Word: flush
Front: flush
[flʌʃ] (研四六托雅宝 5935/5416 -2)
Vocabulary: flush
(once / 171 pages)
1vn 2vn 3adjvadv 4adjn 5n 6adv
When you empty something out with a liquid, you flush it. You might also be flush with cash, meaning you have a lot of it. Just don't flush that cash down the toilet!
Your face can flush, and the sky can flush at sunset when it glows with shades of pink. You can also use flush as an adjective to mean "lined up" or "level," like when you hang a medicine cabinet in your bathroom, making sure it's flush against the wall. Yet another meaning of a flush is a peak or boom — a professional poker player might describe her period of winning game after game as a flush.
WORD FAMILY
flush: flushed, flushes, flushing, flushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Put away the mobile devices and flush the illicit drugs down the drain.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After her arrival, they began flushing the wound with a saline solution and treating it with antibiotic ointments, but the lesion wouldn’t heal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 脸红; 呈红色; 奔流; 冲刷
adj. 满面红光的; 富足的，丰富的; 盈满的，没过的; 水平的，同高的
n. 奔流，涌出; 脸红或发亮; 发热; 强烈情感的冲动
vt. 发红或发亮; 使兴奋或得意; （以水）冲刷，冲洗; 冲掉，除掉
时态：flushed, flushing, flushes
分布：冲洗(72%)，脸红(17%)，发红(9%)，将某人赶出(2%)
→拟声词，模仿冲洗奔流的声音，词义与flash出现重合。由流出引申词义水平，同高。同花顺义来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，流畅，词源同fluent.
奔流,冲洗(flu+sh表动词→流动→冲洗→;参考：dash猛冲)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
n.脸红v.发红;奔流a.洋溢的;富裕的;齐平的The river is flush with rain.那条河因雨而泛滥.
【记】flu冲，sh：自己想！
【参】blush（v/n 脸红）
verb
BECOME RED 变红
intransitive
■When you flush, you become red in the face, especially as a result of strong emotions, heat or alcohol 发红；脸红
• She flushed with pleasure as she accepted the prize. 她领奖时高兴得红光满面。
• The champagne had caused his face to flush. 香槟使他脸色发红。
[flʌʃ] verb
TOILET 洗手间
intransitive or transitive
■If you flush a toilet, or if a toilet flushes, its contents empty and it fills with water again 冲洗（抽水马桶）
• My children never flush the loo/toilet after them. 我的孩子们用过马桶后从来不冲。
• I can't get the toilet to flush. 我无法让马桶冲水。
flush sth down the toilet
■to get rid of something by putting it in the toilet and operating the toilet 从马桶冲走
• I tend to flush old medicines down the toilet. 我往往用马桶冲走过期药品。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sb/sth out
■to force a person or animal to leave a place where they are hiding 把（人或动物）从隐蔽处驱赶出来
• Planes bombed the guerrilla positions yesterday in an attempt to flush out snipers from underground tunnels. 飞机昨天轰炸了游击队的驻地，试图把狙击手从地下坑道中逼出来。
• We used a dog to flush the rabbits out. 我们用一条狗把那些野兔赶出来。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sb out
■to do something in order to discover people who have been dishonest 使（不诚实的人）暴露出来
• By cross-checking claims, we will flush out the fraudsters. 透过反复核对索赔请求，我们会把欺诈者揪出来的。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sth out
■to remove something using a sudden flow of water （用水流）清除，冲洗
• Drink a lot of water to flush the toxins out of your system. 大量饮水来清除体内的毒素。
[flʌʃ] adjective
LEVEL 水准的
■at the same level as another surface （与另一平面）齐平的
• I want the light fittings to be flush with the ceiling. 我想让灯具配件与天花板齐平。
[flʌʃ] adjective
RICH 富有的
[after verb] informal
■having a lot of money 有钱的，富有的
• I've just been paid so I'm feeling flush. 我刚领了薪金，所以感觉挺有钱的。
[flʌʃ] noun
RED COLOUR 红色
countable
■a red colour that appears on your face or other skin because you are embarrassed, hot, etc. 脸红、皮肤发红（因尴尬、发热等原因）
• A faint pink flush coloured her cheeks. 她的双颊泛出淡淡的红晕。
⇒ See also hot flush
[flʌʃ] noun
SUDDEN FEELING 一阵感觉
a flush of anger/excitement/pleasure, etc.
■a sudden strong feeling of anger, excitement, pleasure, etc. 一阵愤怒／激动／高兴
[flʌʃ] noun
TOILET 厕所
countable
■when the contents of a toilet empties and it fills with water 冲厕所
■the handle or button which you push to make a toilet empty and fill with water 马桶的冲水把手、按钮
• He pressed the flush with his hand. 他用手按下了冲水按钮。
[flʌʃ] noun
CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
countable
■a number of playing cards held by one player which are all from the same suit 同花的一手牌
flush, blush
这组词都有“脸红”的意思，其区别是：
flush: 强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。
blush: 侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。
n. 激动，洋溢；面红；萌芽；旺盛；奔流
 - seed, warmth, excitation, agitation
vt. 使齐平；发红，使发亮；用水冲洗；使激动
 - heat, electrify
vi. 发红，脸红；奔涌；被冲洗
 - blush
adj. 大量的；齐平的；丰足的，洋溢的；挥霍的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, much

Word: legislate
Front: legislate
[ˈledʒɪsleɪt] (托雅宝 12493/11880 -1)
Vocabulary: legislate
(once / 81 pages)
v
To legislate is to make laws. If you thought there should be a law that all money should be pink instead of green, you might write to your congresswoman with a suggestion to legislate your idea.
Formal government bodies legislate. So, while you might create a rule at home to ban phone calls at dinner, the House of Representatives would legislate communication regulations during meals. Legislate may seem like a tricky word, but you can easily remember the meaning if you notice that the word begins with the same leg as the word legal does; both words relate to the law.
WORD FAMILY
legislate: legislated, legislates, legislating, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature +/ legislation: legislations/ legislative: legislatively/ legislator: legislators, legislatorship/ legislature: legislatures
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The belief that if you legislate something, it happens.”
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
But viability is a difficult concept, at least when you’re trying to legislate it.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Perhaps they remember how the city drove itself into bankruptcy two decades ago with similarly irresponsible, feel-good legislating.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 立法，制定法律; 〈美〉以立法程序创立
时态：legislated, legislating, legislates
分布：制定法律(74%)，用立法规定(26%)
→来自拉丁语legis lation,立法，legis,法律，词源同legal,lation,提出，带来，词源同translate.
立法(legis+late放→放出法律→立法)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
['ledʒ.ɪ.sleɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■If a government legislates, it makes a new law 立法
• They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising. 他们承诺要立法来打击香烟广告。
• It's hard to legislate for (= make a law that will protect) the ownership of an idea. 透过立法来保护创意所有权非常困难。
vi. 立法；制定法律
 - pass laws

Word: workable
Front: workable
[ˈwɜ:kəbl] (12495/13823 -1)
Back: adj. 可行的; 可经营的; （物质）可加工的; 可塑的
分布：切实可行的(57%)，可使用的(38%)，易加工的(5%)
US ['wɝ:-] adjective
HAVING EFFECT 产生效果
■describes a plan or system that can be used effectively 可行的；切合实际的
• a workable solution/compromise/proposal 可行的解决办法／妥协方案／建议
UK ['wɜ:.kə.bl] US ['wɝ:-] adjective
SHAPE 使成形
■describes a substance that you can shape, change or process in some way 使成形；塑造；加工
• The ground is too hard to be workable (= dug). 地太硬了，根本挖不动。

Word: tarp
Front: tarp
[tɑ:p] (12449/-)
Back: n. 防水布，油布
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
(防水)帆布，油布
A tarp is a sheet of heavy waterproof material that is used as a protective cover.
n. 油布；防水布
 - oilcloth, linoleum

Word: creak
Front: creak
[kri:k] (12483/16400 -1)
Vocabulary: creak
(once / 755 pages)
vn
To creak is to make a high, groaning sound, like a rusty gate swinging shut. The old, worn floorboards in your house might creak as you walk down the hall.
Old doors and gates creak as they open, and tree branches creak as they blow around in very heavy wind. The sound itself is also a creak: "The creak of the front door in the silent house made them jump." In the 14th century, to creak was to "utter a harsh cry," and soon afterward it came to mean the same noise made by an object. Creak is imitative — the word itself sounds like a creak.
WORD FAMILY
creak: creaked, creaking, creaks, creaky +/creaking: creakings/ creaky: creakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The maple floorboards were bubbled, and my twelve-year-old stride activated a creak.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
He settled down to his hamburger and milkshake and a comforting pile of press clippings about himself when the door creaked open.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Italian banks are creaking under the weight of 360 billion euros of bad loans - a third of the euro zone's total - following the financial crisis.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 发出咯吱声或叽嘎声
n. 咯吱声或叽嘎声
时态：creaked, creaking, creaks
分布：嘎吱声(55%)，辗轧声(15%)，嘎吱嘎吱地作响(15%)，发出辗轧声(15%)
→拟声词。
verb intransitive
■When a door or floorboard, etc. creaks, it makes a long low sound when it moves or is moved （门、地板等）嘎吱作响
• The door creaked on its hinges. 门打开时铰链处嘎吱作响。
• I heard the floorboards creak as he crept closer. 他爬近时我听见地板嘎吱嘎吱地响。
[kri:k] noun countable
■a noise made when something creaks 嘎吱声
• I heard a creak on the stairs. 我听见楼梯上嘎吱一声响。
n. 嘎吱嘎吱声
 - crunchiness

Word: pounce
Front: pounce
[paʊns] (雅 12494/11739 -1)
Vocabulary: pounce
(once / 1454 pages)
vn
To pounce is to attack suddenly by leaping onto your prey. A tiger will slowly sneak up on its prey and then suddenly pounce, using speed as much as strength to make the kill.
Of all the animals, cats are the best at pouncing. Snakes strike. Elephants charge. But when an animal leaps onto its prey, that's pouncing. When we talk about how people pounce, however, we're usually talking more figuratively. When we say that a person pounced on another person, we mean that they attacked viciously without warning — usually giving the victim no time to defend themselves. Lawyers pounce on witnesses, for example. If you feel suddenly ganged-up on, you might feel pounced upon.
WORD FAMILY
pounce: pounced, pounces, pouncing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Falcons pounced on a second onside try with 38 seconds remaining, securing the victory.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Stumble in the process and the critics will be quick to pounce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
When the sandwich arrived, in a riot of glitter, hymn and angel wings, both men pounced on Mr. Broderick’s religious inheritance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 突袭，猛扑; 掌握，抓住
vt. 扑过去抓住
n. 猛扑; 爪
时态：pounced, pouncing, pounces
分布：猛扑(46%)，抓住(24%)，突然袭击(10%)，袭击(10%)，撒吸墨粉(5%)，吸墨粉(5%)
→来自古法语ponchon,标枪，矛，刺，词源同punch,puncture.比喻用法，引申词义鹰爪，猛扑，突袭等。
verb intransitive
■to jump or move quickly in order to catch or take hold of something 猛扑，猛冲，突然袭击
• The cat sat in the tree ready to pounce on the ducks below. 树上的猫准备扑向下面的鸭子。
• The police were waiting to pounce when he arrived at the airport. 他到达机场时，警方正等着抓他。
[paʊnts] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  pounce on sth
CRITICIZE
■to immediately criticize a mistake 立即批评（错误）
• He knows that his critics are waiting to pounce on any slip that he makes. 他知道他的批评者们正等着紧咬他的任何差错。
ACCEPT
■to accept something quickly and with enthusiasm 欣然接受
• I think if she were given the opportunity to work here, she'd pounce on it. 我觉得如果给她机会在这里工作，她会欣然接受的。
vi. 突袭，猛扑
 - sweep down, bound on
n. 猛扑，爪
 - talon, unguis

Word: glimmer
Front: glimmer
[ˈglɪmə(r)] (雅宝 12497/14497 -1)
Vocabulary: glimmer
(once / 624 pages)
nv
A glimmer is a tiny glint of light or the sliver of an idea. Either way, it's a sign of a lot more going on behind the scenes.
A glimmer of light is just a little bit of light, maybe sneaking through the curtains enough to make a flicker on the floor. A glimmer of an idea is just a small inkling of an idea. When someone doesn't understand something, you could make them feel worse by saying, "You don't have a glimmer of what I'm talking about, do you?" When it comes to light, you can also say light is glimmering, or gleaming. People often say stars are glimmering.
WORD FAMILY
glimmer: glimmered, glimmering, glimmers, glimmery+/glimmering: glimmerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Joe’s Pub, the glimmering nightclub at the Public Theater, bursts with laughter and cheers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Glimmers of optimism are appropriate in each case, but so is vigilance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But a few glimmers of hope are emerging at the local level.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 微光，闪光; 少许
v. 发微光; 隐约出现
时态：glimmered, glimmering, glimmers
分布：微光(64%)，少许(26%)，发出微光(10%)
→词源同gleam,微光。
【记】glim（n 灯火；微弱的迹象）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shine with a weak light or a light that is not continuous 发出微弱的光；隐约闪烁
• The lights of the village were glimmering in the distance. 远处村庄微弱的灯光时隐时现。
• The sky glimmered with stars. 天空闪烁着点点星光。
• a glimmering candle 暗淡摇曳的烛光
• figurative The first faint signs of an agreement began to glimmer through (= appear). 达成协议开始出现一线希望。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
LIGHT 光
■a light that glimmers weakly 闪烁的微光；微弱的亮光
• We saw a glimmer of light in the distance. 我们看到远处有一线微光。
UK ['glɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable (also glimmering)
SIGN 迹象
■a slight sign of something good or positive 微弱的（好）迹象；一丝，一线
• This month's sales figures offer a glimmer of hope for the depressed economy. 这个月的销售额为萧条的经济带来一丝希望。
• She's never shown a glimmer of interest in classical music. 她对古典音乐从没有表现过一丁点兴趣。
• The first glimmer of light (= sign of development or understanding) has appeared in the peace talks. 和平会谈首次出现了一丝转机。
n. 微光；闪光；少许
 - little, touch
vi. 闪烁；发微光
 - spark, coruscate

Word: propeller
Front: propeller
[prəˈpelə(r)] (六宝 12524/15591 -1)
Vocabulary: propeller
(once / 1920 pages)
n
A propeller is a rounded blade that rotates in a circle, helping to move a vehicle by pushing against water or air. A speed boat's propeller moves it forward by spinning against the water.
Propellers use the laws of physics to propel, or drive forward, an aircraft or a boat. The basic structure of a propeller is a spinning or rotating shaft with wide, curved blades attached to it. The very simplest propellers were first used in ancient Greece, where the inventor Archimedes invented a "screw propeller" that moved water for irrigating crops.
WORD FAMILY
propeller: propellers+/ propel: propellant, propelled, propellent, propeller, propelling, propellor, propels, propulsion, propulsive / propellant: propellants/propelled: self-propelled/propellent: propellents/propelling: self-propelling/propellor: propellors/ propulsion: propulsions/ propulsive: propulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
That object is a drone - a small, white aircraft with four propellers.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
About two-and-a-half hours later I finally realised that "props" was short for "propellers".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Gen. Lawrence Nicholson, Okinawa area coordinator for the Marines, said the Osprey’s propeller was damaged when it hit a fuel line during offshore refueling.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 螺旋桨，推进器; =propellor
分布：螺旋桨(75%)，推进器(24%)，=propellor.(1%)
→来自propel,推进，促动。
推进器(propel推进+l+er)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
US [-ɚ] (informal prop)
noun countable
■a device which causes a ship or aircraft to move, consisting of two or more blades which turn round at high speed 螺旋桨
n. [印刷] [航] [船] 螺旋桨；推进器
 - airscrew, airfoil

Word: shriek
Front: shriek
[ʃri:k] (四六托宝 9309/10591 -1)
Vocabulary: shriek
(once / 276 pages)
nv
A high-pitched, piercing cry is a shriek. A common response to finding a snake curled in the silverware drawer would be to shriek.
You can shriek in fear, surprise, or even shriek with laughter. If the sound you make is high, sharp, and loud, it's a shriek. A teenager who sees her favorite movie star might shriek, "Look who it is!" And, little kids in an inflatable bouncy house will very likely shriek with delight. The word shriek sounds very much like what it means, and its Old Norse root skrækja, "to screech," may have originated for that very reason.
WORD FAMILY
shriek: shrieked, shrieking, shrieks+/shrieking: shriekings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I slide a trembling dollar into Luigi’s G-string and shriek, “Happy New Year.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While reporters ambled inside the visitors’ locker room, suddenly shrieks and howls echoed from the shower stalls.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Workers in the field sometimes call it “peek and shriek.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 尖叫; 引人注意; 发出一种类似尖叫的声音
n. 尖叫声; 尖锐的声音：一种能使人联想起这种尖叫的声音
时态：shrieked, shrieking, shrieks
分布：尖叫(94%)，叫喊(6%)
【记】shriek和shrill（adj 尖声的），都是象声词
noun countable
■a short, loud, high cry, especially one produced suddenly as an expression of a powerful emotion 尖叫
• shrieks of delight 兴奋的尖叫
• He suddenly let out a piercing shriek. 他突然发出一声刺耳的尖叫。
[ʃri:k] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make such a cry 尖叫
• We shrieked with laughter when we realized how stupid we'd been. 意识到自己有多愚蠢时，我们大笑了起来。
• I tried to apologize, but he just shrieked abuse at me. 我想道歉，但他却对着我大声辱骂。
• [+ speech] "Don't you dare do that ever again!" she shrieked. “你以后再那样做试试看！”她尖声嚷道。
call, scream, yell, roar, shriek, exclaim, shout, cry
这组词都有“喊”的意思，其区别是：
call: 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。
scream: 指因恐具、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
shriek: 指因惊恐、痛苦等或其它感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
vi. 尖叫；促人注意
 - pipe, scream
n. 尖声；尖锐的响声
 - piping

Word: duel
Front: duel
[ˈdju:əl] (宝 12498/14103 -1)
Vocabulary: duel
(once / 531 pages)
nv
A duel is a fight between two people, usually using swords or other weapons. If you tend to be a little cowardly, you're probably glad that people aren't expected to defend their honor with a duel these days.
The classic definition of a duel is the kind that happens all the time in Shakespeare plays: two men clanking swords together in a battle to the death over some issue of honor or betrayal. Today, the word duel can be used to talk about any kind of contest or struggle — like a duel between political candidates. The word duel can be traced back to both duo, Latin for "two," and also duellum, which means "war."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
dual / duel
Seeing double? Not quite! Dual is two, or double, but a duel is a fight. If you're getting sick of your fair-weather friend's dual personality, perhaps you should throw down your glove and challenge him to a duel at high noon.
Dual, which dates from the early 1600s, is borrowed from the Latin dualis, from duo, for two. Dual still means double or two similar parts:
The ego becomes dual, one part active, the other watching and judging. (Max Simon Nordau)
Last night's game had kind of a dual purpose — playing Oregon and sending out this version of Husky Stadium. (Seattle Times)
Duel once referred to an arranged, formal contest to the death between two people, preferably men with handlebar mustaches. These formal contests are no longer practiced, so duel has broadened to mean any contest between two people, teams, or even ideas:
In early days a properly regulated duel was an ordeal showing the judgment of heaven. (Max Simon Nordau)
In a savage duel between the regime and Islamist guerrillas, entire villages were wiped out. (Business Week)
There are dueling pension propositions on Tuesday's ballot. (Washington Post)
Save dual for double, for things that come in pairs, like your hot/cold friend with the dual personality. Use duel for an old timey sword fight, or any modern version of it. Handlebar mustache not required.
WORD FAMILY
duel: dueled, dueler, dueling, duelist, duelled, dueller, duelling, duellist, duels+/dueler: duelers/duelist: duelists/dueller: duellers/duellist: duellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The band manager leaned in, dueling with the guitars and accordions and booming strains of Mexican norteño music.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
That will involve intricate, and possibly dueling, traffic studies.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
There were also dueling lawsuits, including one accusing the practice of gross mismanagement.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 决斗; 竞争，斗争
vt. 使（另一人）参加决斗; 反对
vi. 参加正式决斗
时态：duelled, duelling, duels
分布：决斗(93%)，斗争(7%)
→来自拉丁语duellum, 战争，打斗，词源同bellicose, Bellona.但后来受拉丁语duo及对骑士精神诗意的向往，引申词义决斗，特指一对一的公平的决斗。
决斗(du+el[=bell斗]→二个人斗→决斗)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
US ['du:.əl] noun
countable
■a formal fight in the past, using guns or swords, arranged between two people as a way of deciding an argument 决斗
• The two men fought a duel over the lady. 两个男人为了这位女士决斗。
• The composer Strauss was once challenged to a duel. 作曲家施特劳斯曾经受到决斗挑战。
countable usually singular
■a difficult competition in which both sides show a lot of effort （激烈的）竞争，斗争
• The two yachts are locked in a duel for the championship title. 两艘大帆船为了夺冠而争得不可开交。
n. 决斗；斗争，抗争
 - war, conflict, battle

Word: calamity
Front: calamity
[kəˈlæməti] (雅宝 12502/18552 -1)
Vocabulary: calamity
(once / 413 pages)
n
Use the word calamity to describe an event that causes great harm and misery, or a general state of distress or misery: the calamity of war.
Near synonyms are catastrophe and disaster. The noun calamity is from Middle English calamytey, from Latin calamitas, a word which might be related to Latin clades "destruction." Calamity Jane was the nickname of a 19th-century woman living on the U.S. frontier. She claimed to have some very exciting adventures.
WORD FAMILY
calamity: calamities, calamitous +/ calamitous: calamitously
USAGE EXAMPLES
So much of the time the NFL is about surviving calamity.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The “Point in Time” numbers also exposed a generational calamity.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Before the calamity, Tepco was a frequent bond issuer with a credit rating as high as the government, and considered a corporate benchmark.
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 灾祸，灾难; 不幸之事; 困苦; 不幸
分布：灾难(95%)，不幸事件(5%)
→来自calamus, 芦苇。指不结实，豆腐渣。
灾难,不幸[calam=misfortune(不幸)]
【记】calam破坏－大灾祸cal＝call打电话，amity（n 友好，亲善关系）－发生大灾祸才会给家人打电话。联想：911事件
【参】calamitous（adj 多灾难的）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable
■a serious accident or bad event causing damage or suffering 灾难，灾祸
• A series of calamities ruined them - floods, a failed harvest and the death of a son. 洪水、歉收、丧子——一连串的灾难毁了他们。
disaster, misfortune, calamity, catastrophe
这组词都有“灾难”的意思，其区别是：
disaster: 普通用词，指大破坏、痛苦或伤亡。
misfortune: 普通用词，多批较为严重的不幸，强调不幸多由外界因素所致。
calamity: 多指个人的不幸，比disaster严重，强调灾难引起的悲痛以及对于损失的感觉。
catastrophe: 语气最强，指可怕的灾难，强调最终的结局。
n. 灾难；不幸事件
 - disaster, tragedy, meltdown

Word: muzzle
Front: muzzle
[ˈmʌzl] (12452/16440 -1)
Vocabulary: muzzle
(once / 909 pages)
1nv 2n
A muzzle is a guard that covers an animal's mouth to keep it from biting. If your dog is aggressive, you might have to put a muzzle on her when you take her to the dog park.
Muzzle comes from the Latin morsus meaning "bite." A muzzle is the nose and mouth of an animal like a cat or dog. It's also the name for a guard made of straps or wire that's worn over this part of an animal's face to keep it from biting. It's the mouth of a gun, too. If you muzzle someone, you gag him to prevent him from speaking.
WORD FAMILY
muzzle: muzzled, muzzler, muzzles, muzzling, unmuzzle+/muzzler: muzzlers/unmuzzle: unmuzzled, unmuzzling
USAGE EXAMPLES
I pinched his muzzle with my right hand.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
The governor of Baghdad, Ali Tamimi, denounced what he described as a "barbaric" act that sought to "persecute and muzzle journalists".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Scientists and climate activists are justified in being concerned about being muzzled under the next administration, Earnest added.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 枪口，炮口; （防止动物咬人的）口套; （四足动物的）鼻口部; （狗）等凸出的鼻子和口
vt. 给（狗等）戴口套; 使缄默，钳制…言论; 封锁…的言论; 〈美俚〉亲嘴
时态：muzzled, muzzling, muzzles
分布：枪口(69%)，口络(13%)，使缄默(10%)，动物之鼻口(6%)，戴口络于(2%)
→来自古法语musel,口鼻，猪鼻，狗鼻，可能来自拉丁语morsus,咬，词源同mordant,morsel.引申词义给狗，马等动物带的口套，以及枪口等。
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■the mouth and nose of an animal, especially a dog, or a covering put over this in order to prevent the animal from biting （动物的）口鼻；（尤指狗的）口套
['mʌz.l] noun countable
GUN 枪
■the end of a gun barrel , where the bullets come out 枪口；炮口
['mʌz.l] verb transitive
ANIMAL 动物
■to put a muzzle on an animal 为…戴上口套
• Dangerous dogs should be muzzled. 凶猛的狗应该戴上口套。
['mʌz.l] verb transitive
STOP OPINIONS 缄默
■to stop a person or organization from expressing independent opinions 使缄默；钳制…的言论
• The new Secrecy Act will muzzle the media and the opposition. 新的保密法将会压制媒体及反对派的声音。
n. 枪口，炮口；口套，口络；动物的鼻口
 - gunpoint

Word: tragically
Front: tragically
['trædʒɪklɪ] (12503/14126)
Back: adv. 悲剧地，悲惨地
分布：悲惨地(63%)，悲剧地(37%)
ADJ-GRADED
悲惨的;可悲的;可叹的
A tragic event or situation is extremely sad, usually because it involves death or suffering.
例：It was just a tragic accident...它只是场不幸的事故。
例：…the tragic loss of so many lives…这么多人的不幸丧生
ADJ
悲剧的
Tragic is used to refer to tragedy as a type of literature.
例：...Michael Henchard, the tragic hero of 'The Mayor of Casterbridge'.迈克尔·亨察德，《卡斯特桥市长》的悲剧主人公
adv. 悲剧地；悲惨地
 - disastrously, deplorably

Word: conclusive
Front: conclusive
[kənˈklu:sɪv] (研托宝 12501/9670 -1)
Vocabulary: conclusive
(once / 757 pages)
adj
If you've got a theory that you're trying to prove, and you uncover a conclusive piece of evidence, then the case is closed. Conclusive means you've got your answer, you've proved your theory, and there can't be any doubt about it.
If want to prove that frogs can speak, and you record a frog reciting "The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere," that would be conclusive evidence for your claim. But if the frog mumbled and might have been just making frog noises, critics would say that your video is not conclusive. You can also use the word conclusive to describe winning something easily or by a large margin, like when the judges handed the tap-dancing bear a conclusive victory, and he moved on triumphantly to the finals.
WORD FAMILY
conclusive: conclusively, conclusiveness, inconclusive +/ conclude: concluded, concludes, concluding, conclusion, conclusive / conclusion: conclusions/ inconclusive: inconclusively, inconclusiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because the earlier studies suggesting a benefit from fish oil were not conclusive, the Danish researchers decided to test the idea.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Even then, it seems unlikely that audio would be conclusive evidence of an alleged murder.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Climate science was by now pretty conclusive, with UN assessments increasingly pointing the finger at mankind.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 决定性的; 令人信服的; 确凿的; 消除怀疑的
分布：决定性的(45%)，结论性的(41%)，确实的(14%)
决定性的;结论性的(conclude+ive)[clos,clud,clus=close,表示"关闭"]
adjective
■proving that something is true, or ending any doubt 无可置疑的；确实的；决定性的；结论性的
• They had conclusive evidence/proof of her guilt. 他们掌握了她犯罪的确凿证据。
• a conclusive argument 令人信服的论据
Opposite inconclusive
adj. 决定性的；最后的；确实的；确定性的
 - crucial, critical, final, finishing, decisive

Word: goodies
Front: goodies
[ˈgʊdi:z] (12474/-)
Back: n. 特别吸引人的东西; 糖果; 好吃的东西; 美味的食品; 特别吸引人的东西，美味的食品( goody的名词复数 )
分布：伪善者(25%)，这实在太好了(25%)，想要的东西(25%)，甜食(25%)
N-COUNT
好东西；佳品
You can refer to pleasant, exciting, or attractive things as goodies .
例：...a little bag of goodies...一小袋好东西
例：Birmingham, the 'UK City of Music', will be parading its finest artistic goodies.英国的音乐之都伯明翰将展示其精美的艺术珍品。
N-COUNT
（电影、小说或真实生活中的）正面人物，好人
You can refer to the heroes or the morally good characters in a film or story as the goodies. You can also refer to the goodies in a situation in real life.
例：...the thriller, a genre which depends on goodies and baddies...惊悚小说，一种依赖于好人和坏人之间矛盾冲突的文学类型
例：There are few goodies and baddies in this industrial dispute.在这次劳资纠纷中几乎没有绝对的好人与坏人。
EXCLAM
（尤为儿童用语，表示高兴或赞许）太好喽
People, especially children, say goody in order to express their pleasure or approval of something.
例：Oh, goody, I like games.哦，太好喽，我喜欢玩游戏。

Word: carnival
Front: carnival
[ˈkɑ:nɪvl] (托 11897/15139 -2)
Vocabulary: carnival
(once / 1548 pages)
n
If you have an annual festival going on in your neighborhood that involves live music, street vendors, and games, you could call that a carnival.
The word carnival originally referred to a public festival involving general merriment and feasting, often taking place on the street and frequently associated with a religious holiday. Later the word’s meaning broadened to refer to a traveling show that offers similar activities, like a winter carnival or a fair. Nowadays the word carnival is also used figuratively to refer to something characterized by raucous disorder. If, for example, your coworkers ended up heckling your CEO at a company meeting, you could describe the scene as a carnival (although you would most likely NOT see any cotton candy in the board room).
WORD FAMILY
carnival: carnivals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family participated in carnival games and science experiments and later visited with the animals.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Also, the show’s setting and set weren’t inspired by classic musicals like “Carnival,” “State Fair” or “Carousel.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Prepare to endure bad beginnings, survive a carnivorous carnival and climb slippery slopes.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 狂欢节; 嘉年华; 节日，联欢
分布：狂欢节(78%)，嘉年华会(22%)
→来自拉丁短语carne levare（同lever, 举起）, 把肉收起来，绝食。原指基督教40天大斋期前的狂欢，后俗化为carne vale, 与肉说再见，-val, 力量，词源同value, valediction(临别致辞，祝好，再见)。
狂欢节,谢肉节[carn=flesh,表示"肉,肉欲"]
【源】原指：大斋节（Lent）前的节日。大斋期指复活节前的40天，是为了纪念耶稣在荒野禁食而设。基督徒视之为禁食和为复活节作准备而忏悔的季节。所以在这之前要大吃大喝一番。
【记】cam肉，ival节日－肉的节日－想象一下－狂欢节
US ['kɑ:r-] noun
countable or uncountable
■(a special occasion or period of) public enjoyment and entertainment involving wearing unusual clothes, dancing, and eating and drinking, usually held in the roads of a city 狂欢节；嘉年华
• There's a real carnival atmosphere in the streets. 街上真是一片狂欢节的气氛。
countable US for
■ funfair and fête 露天游乐场；露天游乐会
n. 狂欢节，嘉年华会；饮宴狂欢
 - Dionysia, Fasching

Word: revolving
Front: revolving
[rɪˈvɒlvɪŋ] (12507/14025)
Back: adj. 旋转的，轮转式的; 循环的
v. （使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 ); 细想
分布：旋转的(94%)，动词revolve的现在分词形式.(6%)
US [-'vɑ:l-] adjective [before noun]
■describes something that revolves (= moves around a central point) 旋转的；绕转的；转动的
• a revolving bookcase 旋转书柜
adj. 旋转的
 - rotary, rolling, swing, gyral
v. 旋转（revolve的ing形式）
 - turning, rotating, swimming, spinning

Word: transgression
Front: transgression
[træns'ɡreʃn] (宝 12496/15619)
Vocabulary: transgression
(once / 1534 pages)
1n 2n
A transgression is something that is against a command or law. Whether you are cheating on a test, or cheating on a spouse, you are committing transgressions that are not easily forgiven.
A transgression can be a failure to do your duty. A sin is a transgression against God. The noun transgression is from Middle English, from Middle French, from Latin "act of crossing, passing over," from transgredi "to step or pass over."
WORD FAMILY
transgression: transgressions+/ transgress: transgressed, transgresses, transgressing, transgression, transgressor / transgressor: transgressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Hua Chunying, said his visit “reflects the Japanese government’s unhealthy attitude toward its past transgressions.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It’s horrible,” the relative said, adding, “whatever her transgressions, she certainly didn’t deserve a death sentence.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But as officials communicated their sense of resigned acceptance, they also expressed disinterest in assigning specific accountability for systematic transgressions.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 违反，违法，罪过
分布：犯罪(45%)，违反(36%)，逸出(19%)
违法(transgress+ion)[gress=go,walk表示"行走"]
VERB
违犯道德(或行为)准则
If someone transgresses, they break a moral law or a rule of behaviour.
例：If a politician transgresses, that is not the fault of the media.如果政客行为失检，那可不是媒体的责任。
例：...a monk who had transgressed against the law of celibacy...触犯禁欲戒律的僧侣
n. [地质] 海侵；犯罪；违反；逸出
 - crime, violation, guilt, infringement

Word: decreasing
Front: decreasing
[di:'kri:sɪŋ] (12461/14946)
Back: adj. 减少的，渐减的
v. （使）缩短，减小，减少( decrease的现在分词 )
分布：减少的(48%)，递减的(42%)，动词decrease的现在分词.(10%)
V-ERG
(使)减少;(使)减小;(使)降低
When something decreases or when you decrease it, it becomes less in quantity, size, or intensity.
例：Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year...人口增长率正在以每年 1.4% 的速度下降。
例：The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96...独立公司的数量从 198 个减少到了 96个。
N-COUNT
减少;减小;降低
A decrease in the quantity, size, or intensity of something is a reduction in it.
例：...a decrease in the number of young people out of work...失业青年人数的减少
例：Bank base rates have fallen from 10 per cent to 6 per cent — a decrease of 40 per cent.银行的基本利率已从 10% 降到了 6%，降幅高达 40%。
v. 减少；缩减（decrease的ing形式）
 - reducing, diminishing

Word: tundra
Front: tundra
[ˈtʌndrə] (托宝 12490/17494)
Vocabulary: tundra
(once / 9220 pages)
n
The tundra is a vast treeless plain near the Arctic Circle where the subsoil is permanently frozen. Despite the stark cold, many animals thrive on the tundra, including insects, migrating birds, and foxes.
A tundra is a great description of any stark icy cold place — say, the walk to class on a college campus during February — but it is an actual geographic location, near the Arctic circle in North America, Russia, and Scandinavia. Smaller tundras can exist near the South Pole but it's often too cold there. The word comes from the Finnish tunturria which means "barren land." Santa's reindeer live on the tundra and go by the name of caribou in North America. Of course, none of them can fly.
WORD FAMILY
tundra: tundras
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s the unfortunate fate suffered by Daughter’s sophomore effort, “Not To Disappear,” whose chilly songs sound as desolate as a frozen tundra.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
The last remaining large roadless areas are rainforests in the Amazon and Indonesia and the tundra and forests in the north of Russia and Canada.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
For instance, the melting of the Arctic tundra releases methane as the vegetation underneath is gradually and sometimes suddenly exposed.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. （多数位于北极圈的）冻土带; 苔原; 冻原; 寒漠
分布：苔原(77%)，冻土地带(23%)
→来自俄罗斯语 tundra,来自北极某土著语言 tundar,沼泽平原。
noun uncountable
■(part of) the very large area of land in Northern Asia, North America and Northern Europe where, because it is cold, trees do not grow and ground below the surface is permanently frozen 冻原带，苔原带
• Reindeer roam the tundra in large herds. 大群大群的驯鹿在苔原上徜徉。
• Few plants grow in tundra regions. 苔原地区很少有植物生长。
n. [生态] 苔原； [地理] 冻原；冻土地带
 - cold desert, frozen ground

Word: bombardment
Front: bombardment
[bɒm'bɑ:dmənt] (宝 12491/12022)
Vocabulary: bombardment
(once / 1388 pages)
n
When a lot of bombs fall on a city or area, it is a bombardment. But a bombardment can also mean a pummeling with lots of other things: questions, spit balls, or e-mails.
During the early stages of a war, the capital city of the country under attack may suffer a severe bombardment meant to bring on a quick surrender. If there are many casualties or the citizens of the country are treated brutally by the occupying force, military officials may find themselves under a bombardment of questions and accusations about how the war was handled.
WORD FAMILY
bombardment: bombardments, counterbombardment+/ bombard: bombarded, bombarding, bombardment, bombards/counterbombardment: counterbombardments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bombardments ceased before that time - although some clashes continued - but began again late on Sunday.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
My husband was subjected to a constant bombardment of persuasion.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In the middle of preparing for the biggest exam of his career, he launched a methodical bombardment on the world of authors.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 炮击，轰炸
分布：轰炸(72%)，炮击(28%)
【记】bomb（n 炸弹）；bombard（vt 炮轰；轰击）
N-VAR
（猛烈而持久的）炮击，轰炸
A bombardment is a strong and continuous attack of gunfire or bombing.
例：The city has been flattened by heavy artillery bombardments...城市已被猛烈的炮火夷为平地。
例：The capital is still under constant bombardment by the rebel forces.首都仍在遭受叛军的持续轰炸。
N-VAR
一连串（想法、要求、质问或批评）
A bombardment of ideas, demands, questions, or criticisms is an aggressive and exhausting stream of them.
例：...the constant bombardment of images urging that work was important.铺天盖地的图片，强调工作是至关重要的
n. [军] 轰炸；炮击
 - cannonade

Word: exhaustive
Front: exhaustive
[ɪgˈzɔ:stɪv] (托宝 12508/11495 -1)
Vocabulary: exhaustive
(once / 1976 pages)
adj
Exhaustive means performed comprehensively and completely. When you recruit a new employee (or spouse), you undertake an exhaustive search for the best talent.
When you are exhaustive about something, you are testing all possibilities or considering all elements. If you want to become an attorney you will need an exhaustive knowledge of the leather bound books in the law library. When you exhaust something, you use it up entirely, so something exhaustive is complete. After your exhaustive tour of Rome, you're exhausted.
WORD FAMILY
exhaustive: exhaustively+/ exhaust: exhausted, exhausting, exhaustion, exhaustive, exhausts/ exhausted: exhaustedly, unexhausted/ exhausting: exhaustingly/ exhaustion: exhaustions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Johnson’s research is exhaustive and, at times, exhausting.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Siedle did not gain access to all the fund documents needed to do an exhaustive review.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“It also demands a diligent and exhaustive investigation.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 彻底的，透彻的; 消耗的，使枯竭的; 详尽的，无遗的; 详尽无遗
分布：详尽的(65%)，彻底的(28%)，消耗的(7%)
→ex-, 向外。-haust, 排出。引申义详尽。
彻底的,穷尽的(exhaust+ive→用尽了全部方法→彻底的)[haust=drawwater,表示"抽水"]
【反】incomplete（adj 不完全的）；partial（adj 偏爱的；部分的）
US [-'zɑ:-] adjective
■complete or thorough 彻底的；详尽的；全面的
• an exhaustive study/report 全面的研究／详尽的报告
exhausted, exhaustive, exhausting
exhausted: 感到精疲力竭的；
exhaustive: 彻底的，详尽的
exhausting: 令人精疲力竭的；
inclusive, extensive, massive, exhaustive
inclusive: 包括……的；…….也算入的（inclusive of）
extensive: 大量的，广泛的；
massive: 巨大的，大批的；
exhaustive: 全面的，详尽的；
adj. 详尽的；彻底的；消耗的
 - thorough, complete, detailed, full, radical

Word: high-powered
Front: high-powered
[ˈhaiˈpauəd] (-1)
Back: adj. 高性能的; 精力充沛的; 大功率的; 马力大的
分布：精力充沛的(50%)，马力大的(30%)，高性能的(20%)
US [-'paʊɚd] adjective
POWERFUL 有力的
■(of machines) very powerful （机器）功率大的，强而有力的
• a high-powered motorbike 大马力摩托车
• a high-powered computer 高性能电脑
UK [ˌhaɪ'paʊəd] US [-'paʊɚd] adjective
IMPORTANT JOB 重要的工作
■(of people) very successful or having a very important job （人）十分成功的，位高权重的
• a high-powered attorney 十分成功的律师
adj. 高性能的；精力充沛的，强有力的；马力大的
 - powerful, live, vigorous, energetic

Word: ammonia
Front: ammonia
[əˈməʊniə] (12488/10804 -1)
Back: n. 氨; 氨水; 氨气
分布：氨(98%)，阿摩尼亚(2%)
→因首次在埃及神Ammon神庙前的盐类沉积物发现而得名。-ia, 化学名称后缀。
US [-'moʊ-] noun uncountable
■a gas with a strong unpleasant smell used in making explosives, fertilizers (= substances which help plants grow) and some cleaning products 氨；氨水
n. [无化] 氨，阿摩尼亚
 - Amonia

Word: punt
Front: punt
[pʌnt] (12484/16093 -1)
Vocabulary: punt
(once / 1460 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A punt is a certain kind of kick, like when a rugby player drops the ball and kicks it before it hits the ground.
Punts are used in various sports, but you're most likely to see a punt in a football or rugby game. The word punt can be used as both a noun and a verb: "She could punt that ball half way across the field like it was nothing." The root of punt is probably the word bunt, a dialectical variation from the Midlands in England that means "to butt or push with the head."
WORD FAMILY
punt: punted, punter, punting, punts+/punter: punters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freshman Jack Jones played at cornerback in his absence, and Burnett returned punts.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
N.F.L. bans all touchdowns through the air or on punt returns because they are considered a form of taunting.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
New York’s own offense was bland, punting to end eight of its 12 drives, but it mustered up enough to get the job done.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 踢悬空球; 平底船; 下赌注者
vi. 用篙撑（方头平底船）; 下赌注; 弃踢; [美俚]撒手不干
vt. [足]踢悬空球; 向庄家下赌注; 乘方头或平底船旅行
时态：punted, punting, punts
分布：用篙撑(58%)，踢凌空球(28%)，方头或平底船(14%)
→来自古英语punt,来自拉丁语ponto,平底船，来自pons,桥，来自pent,走，小径，词源同path,pontifical.punt 爱尔兰镑
noun countable
MONEY 金钱 (also Irish pound)
■the standard unit of money used in Ireland before they started using the euro 爱尔兰镑（爱尔兰使用欧元前所采用的货币单位）
[pʌnt] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a long narrow boat with a flat bottom and a square area at each end, which is moved by a person standing on one of the square areas and pushing a long pole against the bottom of the river （用篙撑的）方头平底船
[pʌnt] noun countable
KICK 踢
■a way of kicking the ball in rugby or American football, by dropping it from your hands and kicking it before it hits the ground, or a powerful kick in football which causes the ball to go a long way 踢悬空球；踢远球
[pʌnt] verb
KICK 踢
transitive
■(in rugby or American football) to kick the ball after you have dropped it from your hands and before it touches the ground, or (in football) to kick the ball powerfully so that it goes a long way （在英式橄榄球或美式橄榄球中）踢（悬空球）；（足球中）将（球）踢得很远
transitive US informal
■If you punt something, you decide not to do or include it 省去；不做
• We were running out of time, so we decided to punt the sightseeing and just go shopping. 我们时间不多了，所以决定不去观光只去购物。
[pʌnt] verb
BOAT 船
intransitive or transitive
■to travel in a punt 乘平底船
• We punted up the river. 我们乘平底船沿河逆流而上。
• It's a lovely afternoon - let's go punting. 今天下午天气真好，我们去撑船吧。

Word: intolerable
Front: intolerable
[ɪnˈtɒlərəbl] (12516/8495 -1)
Vocabulary: intolerable
(once / 587 pages)
adj
If something is impossible to put up with, you can say it is intolerable. It would be intolerable if your neighbors played their terrible, loud music all night long.
Intolerable, tolerable, tolerate, tolerant, and even extol all share the same Latin root word tolerare, which means to bear. Intolerable couples that with the prefix in-, which means not, giving the word its unbearable meaning. The Intolerable Acts, for example, were laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774. The American colonists found them unendurable, and they sparked support for the independence movement, which eventually led to the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
WORD FAMILY
intolerable: intolerablest+/ tolerable: intolerable, intolerably, tolerablest, tolerably/ tolerance: overtolerance, tolerances/ tolerate: tolerable, tolerance, tolerated, tolerates, tolerating, toleration/toleration: tolerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Scottish Liberal Democrats said the waiting times recorded at the hospital were "intolerable".
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
“If I run, my family will suffer intolerable stress due to my electioneering,” Leung told reporters outside his government office Friday, according to Bloomberg News.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能忍受的; 无法容忍的; 不堪的; 难堪
分布：无法忍受的(75%)，难耐的(25%)
→in-,不，非，tolerable,可忍受的。
US [-'tɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
■too bad or unpleasant to deal with or accept 无法容忍的，不能接受的
• The situation has become intolerable. 局势已经变得无法容忍。
• The constant fighting made life at home intolerable. 持续不断的争吵使家庭生活变得无法忍受。
• Three-quarters of the world's population live in conditions that people in the West would find intolerable. 世界上四分之三的人口生活在西方人会感到难以忍受的环境中。
adj. 无法忍受的；难耐的
 - unendurable

Word: heartbreaking
Front: heartbreaking
['hɑ:tbreɪkɪŋ] (12509/23112)
Back: adj. 令人心碎的，悲痛的
v. 心碎，断肠( heartbreak的现在分词 )
分布：令人心碎的(100%)
US ['hɑ:rt-] adjective
■causing extreme sadness 令人心碎的，令人断肠的
• a heartbreaking story 令人心碎的故事
• It is heartbreaking (for him) that he cannot see his children. 对他来说，不能见到自己的孩子是非常伤心的事。
⇒ See also heartrending

Word: connector
Front: connector
[kəˈnektə(r)] (12477/13024)
Back: n. 连接器，连接体
分布：连接头(100%)
US [-tɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a device at the end of a wire in a piece of electrical equipment, which holds the wire in position 连接器，连接管
• electrical connectors 电源连接器
n. [口腔] [电子] [计] [电] 连接器，连接头
 - bonder, junctor

Word: Mormon
Front: Mormon
['mɔː(r)mən] (10657/35157 -1)
Back: n. 摩门教徒；一夫多妻主义者
adj. 摩门教的；摩门教徒的
分布：摩门教的(100%)
→来自19世纪该教创始人Joseph Smith杜撰的新词，来自英语more,更加，埃及词mon,神。并称其为摩门教的先知。
US ['mɔ:r-] noun countable
■a member of a religious group called the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which began in the US in 1830 摩门教徒

Word: taxable
Front: taxable
[ˈtæksəbl] (12551/10611 -1)
Back: adj. 应纳税的
分布：应纳税的(100%)
→来自 tax,征税，课税。
adjective
■If something is taxable, you must pay tax on it 可征税的；需要纳税的
• taxable income 应税收入
adj. 应纳税的；可征税的
 - dutiable, leviable

Word: diving
Front: diving
[ˈdaɪvɪŋ] (12514/14825 -1)
Back: n. 跳水，潜水
v. 下潜 dive的现在分词
分布：潜水(57%)，跳水(42%)，动词dive的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun uncountable
■the sport of diving (= jumping) into water or swimming under water （运动）跳水；潜水
n. 跳水， [水运] 潜水
 - phreatic water, underground water
adj. 跳水的， [水运] 潜水的
 - phreatic

Word: spruce
Front: spruce
[spru:s] (宝 12470/20859 -1)
Vocabulary: spruce
(once / 1095 pages)
1n 2adjv
Spruce is a verb that means you pay special attention to your personal appearance, especially your grooming and clothing. If you want to spruce up for a wedding, you'll need to rent a tuxedo and do something with your hair.
Spruce can also mean that you're making something else look better. You might spruce up the living room before your girlfriend's visit by vacuuming, throwing away all the trash, and putting away the dishes you left sitting around. Spruce is typically used in combination with the word up: spruce up. Spruce's use as a verb possibly originated from "spruce leather," which was used to make a popular type of jacket back in the 1400s.
TASTY MORSELS
Vocabulary Shout-Out: Anthony Lane for "Spruce" (Adj.)
Film critic Anthony Lane opens his review of "Fast & Furious 6" in this week's New Yorker by referring to the film's new name as spruce.
The first film, in 2001, was called "The Fast and the Furious," but the going has been so rough and so raw, over the years, that at some point the definite articles dropped off. I prefer the stripped-down version, and can't help wishing that the principle had been applied more freely in the past: "Bad & Beautiful," "Good, Bad & Ugly," "Remains of the Day." Spruce though the new name may be, however, is it true?
Spruce, meaning "neat, up to date, trim" is usually heard (at least in the US) in its verb form, "to make something neat or trim or to groom." The usage tracker on our Dictionary Definition page gives us this typical example:
But here, Lane uses spruce as an adjective, delighting his language-loving readers with a rare form of a familiar word. Why is spruce as a verb so common and spruce as an adjective relatively rare? Both link back to the Old French "Pruce," which came into English during the 14th century as a way to refer to all things Prussian, such as the leather, wood, and beer imported to England at that time. (Spruce as in "spruce tree" was born in the same linguistic moment, as those particular conifers were believed to be of Prussian origin.) In the Elizabethan era, an association with things "neat, trim, and up-to-date" attached itself to spruce, via the fashion among noblemen of wearing jerkins made from "spruce leather."
And then, as the UK-based website The Phrase Finder tells us, spruce expanded its scope yet again in the early 20th-century, as Americans began using the verb spruce to describe the spiffing-up of things beyond one's personal appearance, such as a living room or Apple's line of products. History buffs may recall Howard Hugh's World War II-era airplane prototype nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" due to its ground-breaking nature and wood-based design. This blending of spruce as "modern and up-to-date" and spruce as "tree" demonstrates that the word's adjectival form was still in ciruclation. Now, in the US at least, it feels almost as unfamiliar as the jerkins from which it derived.
Can you find any references to spruce as an adjective in your daily life and reading? Share them in a comment below. And be sure to let us know on which side of the Atlantic you head it!
WORD FAMILY
spruce: spruced, sprucely, spruceness, sprucer, spruces, sprucest, sprucing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The owner of the Spruce Hill Inn told the paper the venue was rented “under false pretenses” and he expected a small party.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ingalsbe owned a home in the Spruce Creek community, which surrounds the private airport.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While a lot of local Christmas tree farms are open only on weekends, Oney’s is open daily, offering customers firs, pines and spruces.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 衣着整洁的; 漂亮的
n. 针枞; 云杉; 云杉木; 灰绿色或墨绿色
vt. & vi. （把…）打扮得整洁漂亮; 把…收拾整洁; 打扮
时态：spruced, sprucing, spruces
分布：云杉(80%)，打扮(8%)，赤松(4%)，虎尾枞属的植物(2%)，外表俏丽的(2%)，打扮自己(2%)，干净的(2%)
→来自 Spruce,拼写变体自 Pruce,普鲁士，欧洲历史地名，德意志境内最强大的邦国，后统一了 德意志。该树因从普鲁士进口到英国而得名，是制作家具的优质木材，也是奢华的代名词。 因此，引申词义装饰，打扮。
noun countable or uncountable
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with leaves like needles, or the wood from this tree which is a pale colour 云杉；云杉木
[spru:s] adjective approving
■(of a person) tidy and clean in appearance （人）整洁清爽的
• He looked spruce and handsome in a clean white shirt. 他穿着干净的白衬衫，显得清清爽爽，很是帅气。
[spru:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spruce sb/sth up informal
■to make someone or something cleaner and tidier or to improve the way they appear generally 把…收拾整洁；打扮
• [R] I thought I'd have a shave and generally spruce myself up for the interview. 我想我要刮一下胡子，穿戴整齐去面试。
• They've employed an advertising agency to spruce up the company image. 他们请了一家广告公司来打造公司的形象。
adj. 整洁的
 - neat, kempt
n. [木] [植] 云杉
 - Picea asperata, picea

Word: authorized
Front: authorized
['ɔ:θəraɪzd] (12525/20801)
Back: adj. 权威认可的，审定的，经授权的
v. 授权，批准，委托( authorize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：经授权的(42%)，经认可的(37%)，审定的(14%)，动词authorize的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
VERB
批准；准许；认可
If someone in a position of authority authorizes something, they give their official permission for it to happen.
例：It would certainly be within his power to authorize a police raid like that...他绝对有权批准那样的一次警方突袭行动。
例：We are willing to authorize the president to use force if necessary.我们愿意授权总统在必要的时候使用武力。
adj. 经授权的；经认可的
 - franchised
v. 授权；批准；辩护（authorize的过去分词）
 - confirmed, delegated

Word: stepmother
Front: stepmother
[ˈstepmʌðə(r)] (12515/16531 -1)
Back: n. 继母，后母
分布：继母(91%)，后母(9%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■the woman who is married to someone's father but who is not their real mother 继母

Word: thereof
Front: thereof
[ˌðeərˈɒv] (六 12522/8952)
Back: adv. 它的; 其; 关于那; 由此
分布：由此(60%)，其(30%)，关于它的(10%)
US [ˌðer'ɑ:v] formal
adverb
■of or about the thing just mentioned 在其中
• Please refer to the Regulations and in particular Articles 99 and 100 thereof. 请参看条例，特别是其中的第99条和第100条。
adv. 它的；由此；在其中；关于…；将它
 - wherein, among the rest

Word: suffocate
Front: suffocate
[ˈsʌfəkeɪt] (宝 12526/13924 -1)
Vocabulary: suffocate
(once / 1046 pages)
v
When you suffocate, you struggle for breath, either because you’re being choked to death or because you’re in a stifling room. You can also suffocate in a figurative sense anytime something is restricted.
Suffocate can also mean to die from lack of oxygen. If you’re a miner who gets trapped in a collapsed mine, you'll likely suffocate. Less seriously, if the ventilation system is turned off in your school, you might feel as though you'll suffocate. And if your art teacher insists that you produce Dadaist paintings, you may feel that she's trying to suffocate your talent.
WORD FAMILY
suffocate: suffocated, suffocates, suffocating, suffocation, suffocative+/suffocating: suffocatingly/suffocation: suffocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Traditionally a grave disappointment, New Year’s Eve is at least a time to cut loose and escape the suffocating, sprout-scented stranglehold of the family Christmas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Police say the woman intentionally suffocated her son, John, who most likely died of asphyxiation.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They say the girl suffocated after lighting a fire to keep warm.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某人）窒息而死; （将某人）闷死; 阻碍
vi. 呼吸困难，窒息; 受扼制; 受阻（发展不了）
时态：suffocated, suffocating, suffocates
分布：窒息(82%)，使窒息(5%)，阻碍(5%)，窒息而亡(4%)，阻碍发展(2%)，使缺氧(2%)
→来自拉丁语 suffocare,窒息，扼住咽喉，来自 suf-,在下，fauces,喉咙，词源同 faucet,水龙头。
窒息(suf+foc喉咙＋ate→把(手)放喉咙下→窒息)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
【记】suf下面，foc喉咙，ate－卡住喉咙下面－使…窒息
verb intransitive or transitive
DIE 死
■to (cause someone to) die because they do not have enough oxygen （使）窒息而死；（使）闷死
• The report said that the victims had suffocated in the fumes. 报告说那些受害者是被烟熏死的。
• She suffocated him by holding a pillow over his head. 她用枕头压在他的头上，把他闷死。
['sʌf.ə.keɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
PREVENT 阻止
■to prevent something or someone from improving or developing in a positive way 束缚，阻止…的发展；遏制
vi. 受阻，受扼制；窒息
 - choke
vt. 压制，阻碍；使……窒息
 - silence, slow

Word: suitor
Front: suitor
[ˈsu:tə(r)] (12528/14936 -1)
Vocabulary: suitor
(once / 870 pages)
n
A suitor is a guy who asks you out on a date. You can describe your sister's prom escort as her suitor.
The noun suitor is an old fashioned word for a somewhat old fashioned kind of person: a man who woos or courts a woman. If a boy serenades you from below your bedroom window, he is your suitor, especially if he hopes to marry you one day. In the fourteenth century, a suitor was a fan or follower — the romantic meaning came along almost two hundred years later. The root is the Latin word sequi, "to attend or follow."
WORD FAMILY
suitor: suitors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shortly afterwards, a Guardian reader wrote to offer himself as a potential suitor and I forwarded his message to her.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
As Marie, Sally’s best friend in When Harry Met Sally, she carried a Rolodex of potential suitors for friends.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
"Hi, what's your name? Will you marry me?" he says, parodying your average, somewhat-over-enthusiastic Mormon suitor.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 求婚者; 起诉者; 请愿者
分布：求婚者(61%)，请愿者(21%)，原告(18%)
→来自古动词词义 suit,跟随，求婚。
求婚者(su追求+itor;参考:pursue追求)[-itor表名词"人"]
US ['su:.ɚ] noun countable literary
■a man who wants to marry a particular woman （女子的）求婚者，追求者
• It's the story of a young woman who can't make up her mind which of her many suitors she should marry. 这个故事说的是一位年轻女子拿不定主意该嫁给众多追求者中的哪一个。
■specialized
■a person or company who wants to take control of another company 有收购意向者
• PJH Corporation said it had been approached by two possible suitors who had submitted bids to buy the company. 公司称已和递交收购该公司标书的两家潜在收购者有过接洽。
n. 求婚者；请愿者； [法] 起诉人
 - gamomania, lonely hearts

Word: subordinate
Front: subordinate
[səˈbɔ:dɪnət] (研六托雅 9779/6201 -2)
Vocabulary: subordinate
(once / 359 pages)
nadjv
Subordinate means putting one thing below another––a subordinate is someone who works for someone else, and to subordinate means to place or rank one thing below another. "We subordinate our desire for popcorn to our desire to keep watching the movie."
The ordinate part of subordinate refers to an ordering of things, and sub- means "lower." "In the army, a private is subordinate to an officer, whether that officer is his direct commander or not." When it's a noun or adjective, the word is pronounced "suh-BOR-duh-nit," and when it's a verb, "suh-BOR-duh-nate."
WORD FAMILY
subordinate: insubordinate, subordinated, subordinately, subordinateness, subordinates, subordinating, subordination +/ insubordinate: insubordinately/ insubordination: insubordinations/ subordination: insubordination, subordinations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The theologians do this, he said, to justify biblical gender roles in which women are subordinate to men.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“While he was at the top of the organization, the evidence does not show that he was as involved...as his subordinates were,” Fox wrote.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
It was the latest in a string of mishaps caused by Ms Raggi’s choice of subordinates.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 级别或职位较低的; 下级的; 次要的; 附属的
n. 部属; 部下，下级
vt. 使…居下位，使在次级; 使服从; 使从属
时态：subordinated, subordinating, subordinates
分布：次要的(32%)，下级的(22%)，属下(20%)，使服从(13%)，附属物(10%)，把 ... 放在次要(3%)
→sub-,在下，-ordin,安排，顺序，词源同 order,ordinary.引申词义隶属的，从属的。
附属的(sub+ordin顺序＋ate→顺序在下→附属的)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
附属的;服从的n.部下(sub下面+ordin+ate→顺序在下→附属的)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
a.下级的,次要的,附属的n.属下v.服从The subordinate coordinates are in accordance with that set by the cordial chorus.从属坐标与热心的合唱团的设定值一致.
【记】sub下面，ord＝order，inate－在下面听order－附属的
【参】subordinacy（n 下级地位）；subordination（n 从属；部下）
【反】peer（n 同等的人；贵族）；principal（n 负责人）
US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■having a lower or less important position 从属的，下级的；次要的
• a subordinate role 配角
• subordinate status 从属地位
• The individual's needs are subordinate to those of the group. 个人需求必须从属于集体需求。
noun countable UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.nət] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■a person who has a less important position than you in an organization 下属，下级
• He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. 他把例行检查交给了一个下属负责。
verb transitive UK [səˈbɔː.dɪ.neɪt] US [-ˈbɔːr-/
■to put someone or something into a less important position 使从属于，使处于次要地位
• Her personal life has been subordinated to her career. 她将个人生活置于事业之下。
minor, inferior, secondary, subordinate
这组词都有“次等”的意思，其区别是：
minor: a较少的，较小的，较次要的，常含有轻微的但并非不重要的意思。
 • We agreed on everything in the contract, even minor points.   我们对合同中的一切问题，甚至是细枝末节都达成了一致。
inferior: a.次等的，较劣的，差的，当"下级"讲时，强调职位的高低；当"次等"讲时，指素质、质量等的低劣。
 • Most wine from Switzerland is inferior to wine from France.   产于瑞士的葡萄酒多数要比法国的差。
secondary: a.第二等的，次要的，强调在重要性或顺序上处于第二位。
 • My job is of secondary importance to my health.   我的工作比起身体来说不那么重要。
subordinate: a.次要的，从属的，下级的，强调主次地位或支配和隶属的关系。
 • He was always friendly to his subordinate officers.   她对下级官员一向和蔼可亲。
n. 下属，下级；部属，属下
 - inferior, underling
adj. 从属的；次要的
 - dependent, secondary, supporting, minor, peripheral

Word: cyclical
Front: cyclical
[ˈsɪklɪkəl] (宝 12518/15586 -1)
Vocabulary: cyclical
(once / 6678 pages)
adj
Though day-to-day weather changes are unpredictable, nature’s seasons can always be counted on to move in cyclical or predictable patterns.
Cyclical is used to describe things that are regularly patterned or that occur in regular intervals. The root of cyclical is “cycle” which means movement in a circular fashion, or the circular fashion itself. Planets orbit the sun in cyclical patterns, the moon’s phases are cyclical as well. Some stock brokers say that the market is cyclical, but that may be just a way of telling people to keep investing when it's down.
WORD FAMILY
cyclical: encyclical, noncyclical+/ bicycle: bicycled, bicycler, bicycles, bicycling, bicyclist/bicycler: bicyclers/bicyclist: bicyclists/ cycle: bicycle, cycled, cycles, cyclic, cyclical, cycling, cyclist, unicycle / cyclic: cyclically, cyclicity, noncyclic/cyclist: cyclists/encyclical: encyclicals/ unicycle: unicycles, unicycling, unicyclist/unicyclist: unicyclists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The mercury got a boost from a record-challenging El Niño event, a cyclical warming of the tropical Pacific, which dispersed heat around the globe.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The sector fell about 35% in the three trading days following the referendum as investors rushed into less cyclical, more international companies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Profitability in the cyclical airline industry peaked in 2016 and is trending down, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 循环的; 周期的; 环状的
分布：周期的(52%)，循环的(48%)
(also cyclic)
adjective
■describes a group of events which happen in a particular order, one following the other, and which are often repeated 循环；周期
• Changes in the economy have followed a cyclical pattern. 经济呈周期性变化。
adj. 周期的，循环的
 - circular, periodic

Word: helplessly
Front: helplessly
['helpləslɪ] (12476/10403)
Back: adv. 无力地，无助地; 无可奈何地; 眼睁睁
分布：无助地(50%)，无能为力地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
无助的;无力量的;无能力的;不由自主的
If you are helpless, you do not have the strength or power to do anything useful or to control or protect yourself.
例：Parents often feel helpless, knowing that all the cuddles in the world won't stop the tears...父母经常感到无能为力，因为他们知道无论多少次拥抱也无法止住眼泪。
例：Children are dying, and I am helpless to do anything...孩子们已奄奄一息，而我却无力做任何事情。
adv. 无助地；无能为力地
 - impotently

Word: buck
Front: buck
[bʌk] (雅宝 2493/7627 -2)
Vocabulary: buck
(once / 960 pages)
1n 2v 3v 4n 5n
A buck is an adult male deer, antelope, reindeer, or rabbit. You can usually tell a buck by its large horns. If it’s a bunny, you just have to ask. A buck is also slang for an American dollar.
Full-grown male kangaroos are bucks, too. When a male animal is a buck, the female is a doe. A buck is a male deer, and so a doe is a female deer. When it's used as a verb, buck means to move in an abrupt, jerky way — when a horse bucks, it jumps and kicks its back legs out behind it. If someone bucks the system, they’re pushing against it. Colloquially, "to buck up” means to cheer up.
WORD FAMILY
buck: bucked, bucking, bucks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I think with the state legislatures it’s just simply a matter of saving a few bucks,” said Kip Cassino, a media analyst at Borrell Associates.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He bucked the 2016 trend of draft prospects bypassing a bowl game to protect their NFL futures for one last game with his teammates.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Owners of the independent mountains say they’re trying to buck the consolidation trend by competing with personality.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （美）钱，元; 雄鹿; 花花公子
vt. & vi. （马等）猛然弓背跃起; 抵制; 猛然震荡
时态：bucked, bucking, bucks
分布：钱(68%)，雄鹿(18%)，抵制(6%)，振作(5%)，雄兔(2%)，马弓背踢后腿挑起(1%)
→来自PIE *bhug, 公羊，同时指公鹿，公兔等其它雄性动物，后主要指雄鹿。美元义来自于美国西部大开发中鹿皮做为土著印地安人和欧洲殖民者间的货币媒介。Buck ’s Fizz 巴克泡腾酒
【记】读：罢课。一种竭力反对上课的行为。
【反】assent to（同意）
noun
MONEY 钱
countable (plural bucks) informal
■a dollar （美）元
• Can I borrow a couple of bucks? 我能借几美元吗？
• He charged me twenty bucks for a new hubcap. 一个新的毂盖他要了我20美元。
countable (plural bucks) informal
■used in a number of expressions about money, usually expressions referring to a lot of money （用于某些表达方式中）许多钱
• He earns mega- bucks (= a lot of money) working for an American bank. 他在一家美国银行工作，赚钱很多。
• So what's the best way to make a fast buck (= earn money easily and quickly) ? 能快速赚钱的最好办法是甚么？
[bʌk] noun
ANIMAL 动物
countable (plural buck or bucks)
■the male of some animals such as deer and rabbits, or (in South Africa) a male or female antelope 雄性动物；雄鹿；公兔；（南美）羚羊 Compare doe
[bʌk] noun
pass the buck mainly disapproving
■to blame someone or make them responsible for a problem that you should deal with 推卸责任
• She's always trying to pass the buck and I'm sick of it! 她老是想推卸责任，我非常讨厌这一点。
[bʌk] noun
The buck stops here. saying
■said by someone who is responsible for making decisions and who will be blamed if things go wrong 责任到此，不能再推卸；我负责
[bʌk] verb intransitive
■(of a horse) to jump into the air and kick out with the back legs （马）弓背跳跃，尥起后蹄跳跃
[bʌk] verb intransitive
buck the system
■to refuse to follow the rules of an organization 反抗现存体制
• Alex is always looking for ways to buck the system. 亚历克斯总是想方设法抗拒现行制度。
[bʌk] verb intransitive
buck the trend
■to be noticeably different from the way that a situation is developing generally, especially in connection with financial matters （尤指经济上）逆潮流，逆势
• This company is the only one to have bucked the trend of a declining industry. 这家公司是在行业日益不景气的情况下唯一一家蒸蒸日上的企业。
[bʌk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  buck (sb/sth) up UK informal
■to become happier or more positive or to make someone happier or more positive （使）高兴起来；（使）振作起来
• Oh, buck up for heaven's sake, Anthony! I'm sick of looking at your miserable face. 噢，安东尼，看在老天的份上振作起来！我不愿看到你那副愁眉苦脸的样子。
• She was told that if she didn't buck her ideas up (= start working in a more positive way) , she'd be out of a job. 她被告知，如果工作再不积极点儿就会丢了饭碗。
• A holiday will buck her up. 休个假会使她精神焕发的。
n. （美）钱，元；雄鹿；纨绔子弟；年轻的印第安人或黑人
 - money, yuan, QIAN, pocket, sen

Word: excessively
Front: excessively
[ɪk'sesɪvlɪ] (六 12532/9562)
Back: adv. 过度地; 过分地; 极度地
分布：过分地(60%)，极度地(20%)，过度地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
过分的;过多的
If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable.
例：...the alleged use of excessive force by police...警察涉嫌滥用武力
例：The government says that local authority spending is excessive.政府称地方当局开支过大。
adv. 过分地；极度
 - obsessively, fulsomely

Word: symbolically
Front: symbolically
[sɪm'bɒlɪklɪ] (12511/14606)
Back: adv. 象征性地
分布：象征性地(75%)，象征地(25%)
ADJ
(事件、行动、程序)象征的，象征性的
If you describe an event, action, or procedure as symbolic, you mean that it represents an important change, although it has little practical effect.
例：A lot of Latin-American officials are stressing the symbolic importance of the trip...许多拉丁美洲的官员都在强调此行的重要象征意义。
例：The move today was largely symbolic.今天的举动在很大程度上只是象征性的。
ADJ-GRADED
象征…的;作为…的象征的
Something that is symbolic of a person or thing is regarded or used as a symbol of them.
例：Yellow clothes are worn as symbolic of spring...穿上黄色的衣服象征着春天来了。
例：The change from long to short hair is symbolic of the woman's need for change in her whole life.一个女人把长发剪短就表示她想要改变生活。
ADJ
符号的;记号的
Symbolic is used to describe things involving or relating to symbols.
例：...symbolic representations of landscape.地貌的符号化呈现
adv. 象征性地；象征意义地
 - figuratively

Word: tantrum
Front: tantrum
[ˈtæntrəm] (宝 12534/12489 -1)
Vocabulary: tantrum
(once / 6502 pages)
n
A tantrum is a short-lived fit of frustration. Kids have them. Politicians have them. Reality show stars have them. I bet even you have had one!
To understand what tantrum means, stake out a supermarket and observe parents with toddlers. Soon, you will see a small child, incapable of expressing the complexities of why he or she really needs a lollipop, erupt into a full-blown tantrum. When people explode into tantrums, they no longer seem able to control their impulses. (I can’t have that lollipop or that place on the island? Well, I’m going to FREAK OUT!) Even the most mature of us are susceptible to tantrums when we are tired, hungry or discouraged.
WORD FAMILY
tantrum: tantrums
USAGE EXAMPLES
I witness horrible behavior such as tantrums, yelling, disrespectful talk to their parents and sometimes hurting each other.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But emerging countries already saw big outflows after the so-called taper tantrum of 2013.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
“Until a day ago, Michigan was one of the states where Jill Stein was throwing her temper tantrum,” McDaniel said at the rally.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 突然发怒; 〈口〉发脾气
分布：发脾气(78%)，发怒(22%)
【记】tant坍塌，rum＝room：房子坍塌了－发脾气
【反】pacify（v 使平静）词性不符
noun countable
■a sudden period of uncontrolled anger like a young child's 耍（孩子）脾气
• Johnny had/threw a tantrum in the shop because I wouldn't buy him any sweets. 因为我不给他买糖，强尼便在商店里耍脾气。
• If she doesn't get her own way she has temper tantrums. 如果不顺着她，她就会耍脾气。
n. 发脾气；发怒
 - angry at, blow-up

Word: hedge
Front: hedge
[hedʒ] (研四六雅宝 6032/4118 -2)
Vocabulary: hedge
(once / 283 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A hedge is a living fence made of closely planted bushes, which, as they grow and get trimmed and shaped, form a wall of green.
Hedge can also be used as a verb. If you someone asks you a question and you hedge, you're avoiding a straight answer. If you hedge your bets, you're trying to minimize risk or loss — that is, you're trying to cover yourself no matter what happens. If you're not sure, for instance, what your boss's political views are, you can hedge your bets by not revealing yours.
WORD FAMILY
hedge: hedged, hedger, hedges, hedging+/hedger: hedgers/hedging: hedgings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In that regard, his talents will be a good fit for Cantor’s trading and hedge fund businesses.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s too late to hedge that bet now.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
At least 40 percent of the fund is in so-called alternative investments, including expensive private equity deals, hedge funds and real estate.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 树篱; 保护手段; 防止损失（尤指金钱）的手段
vt. 用树篱围起; 受…的束缚
vt. & vi. 回避，避免
adj. 树篱下的，树篱旁的; 偷偷摸摸的，名声不好的，低劣的
时态：hedged, hedging, hedges
分布：树篱(45%)，篱笆(24%)，套期保值(16%)，障碍(5%)，两面下注(4%)，避免直接回答(2%)，推诿(2%)，用树篱围(1%)，防护物(1%)
→来自古英语hecg,篱笆，篱笆墙，来自kagh,编织，抓住，围住，词源同hag,haw.后用于指树篱，引申词义缓冲，防备，拐弯抹角等。
n.篱笆,树篱,障碍物v.用树篱围住At the edge of the wedged hedge, I acknowledged the knowledgeable man.在楔形篱笆的边缘上,我向那位博识的人致谢.
【记】h＝high，edge边：edge比较high－篱笆
noun countable
BUSHES 灌木丛
 ADVANCED
■a line of bushes or small trees planted very close together, especially along the edge of a garden, field or road （尤指花园、田地或马路边缘的）树篱
• a privet hedge 水蜡树篱
[hedʒ] noun countable
PROTECTION 保护
■a way of protecting, controlling or limiting something 保护（或控制、限制）手段
• She'd made some overseas investments as a hedge against rising inflation in this country. 她在海外有一些投资，可以抵消该国不断上升的通货膨胀所带来的损失。
[hedʒ] verb
transitive + adverb or preposition [usually passive]
■to limit something severely 严格限制
• We've got permission, but it's hedged about/around with strict conditions. 我们得到了许可，但却有严格的限制条件。
intransitive
■to try to avoid giving an answer or taking any action 避免答覆；拐弯抹角；回避
• Stop hedging and tell me what you really think. 别再拐弯抹角了，告诉我你真正的想法。
[hedʒ] verb
hedge your bets
■to protect yourself against loss by supporting more than one possible result or both sides in a competition （为避免损失）两方下注，两边押宝
• They're hedging their bets and keeping up contacts with both companies. 他们为避免损失而同时与那两家公司都保持着联系。
fence, hedge
这组词都有“篱笆”的意思，其区别是：
fence: 指为阻止人或牲畜等进入田地或院子等而用树木、铁丝网、栅栏等筑成篱笆样的东西。
hedge: 主要指利用灌木丛构成的篱笆。
n. [建] 树篱；障碍
 - bar, obstacle, dam, let, stop

Word: harmonious
Front: harmonious
[hɑ:ˈməʊniəs] (六托 12523/11319 -1)
Vocabulary: harmonious
(once / 814 pages)
1adj 2adj
Things that are harmonious go together nicely, like notes in music or people that work well as a team.
The idea of things being harmonious comes from music — when certain notes sound good together, they are harmonious. But this concept applies to many other things and people, too. You could say pieces of art that look good next to each other are harmonious. A basketball team that shares the ball and gets along well is harmonious. Anytime people get along, they're being harmonious. In a totally harmonious society, there would be no war or hate.
WORD FAMILY
harmonious: disharmonious, harmoniously, harmoniousness, inharmonious, unharmonious+/disharmonious: disharmoniously/disharmonize: disharmonizing/harmonic: harmonically, harmonics, inharmonic, nonharmonic/harmonise: harmonisation, harmonised, harmoniser, harmonises, harmonising, reharmonise/harmonization: harmonizations/ harmonize: disharmonize, harmonizable, harmonization, harmonized, harmonizer, harmonizes, harmonizing, reharmonize/harmonizer: harmonizers/ harmony: harmonic, harmonical, harmonies, harmonious, harmonise, harmonize /inharmonious: inharmoniously, inharmoniousness/inharmoniousness: inharmoniousnesses/reharmonise: reharmonisation/reharmonize: reharmonization, reharmonized/unharmonious: unharmoniously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Physical tiredness is essential for a harmonious evening.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“The public domain,” he said, explored the flip side: What people gain by more harmonious collective experiences.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 和谐的，融洽的; 协调的; 音调优美的; 悦耳的
分布：和谐的(83%)，和睦的(16%)，音调优美的(1%)
【记】harmony（n 协调；融洽）
【反】acrimonious（adj 严厉的；辛辣的）
US [hɑ:r'moʊ-] adjective
MUSIC 音乐
■having a pleasant tune or harmony 悦耳的，和谐的
UK [hɑ:'məʊ.ni.əs] US [hɑ:r'moʊ-] adjective
PLEASANT 令人愉快的
■friendly and peaceful 和睦的；协调的
• harmonious relations between the country's ethnic groups 国家内部不同民族间的和谐关系
adj. 和谐的，和睦的；协调的；悦耳的
 - united, balanced, sweet, friendly, musical

Word: thunder
Front: thunder
[ˈθʌndə(r)] (高研四六托雅 8090/6539 -2)
Vocabulary: thunder
(once / 159 pages)
1nv 2n
Thunder is the loud noise that comes right after lightning. It also can refer to a loud, booming sound, or mean to move heavily but quickly.
Thunder is made up of the rumbles and cracks accompanying lightning during a thunderstorm. You can also use this word for other loud noises, like the thunder of a loud rock band or your uncle's booming voice. A powerful singer can be said to thunder, singing in a way that's as noisy and impressive as a thunderstorm. Thunder can also be used for big, fast movements, like a tank thundering across a field or a truck thundering down the highway.
WORD FAMILY
thunder: thundered, thunderer, thundering, thunderous, thunders, thundery+/thunderer: thunderers/thundering: thunderingly/thunderous: thunderously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Westbrook led the Thunder with 30 points and six assists.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it is not as if the Rockets are superior to the Thunder simply because Harden is subtly winning the superstar matchup.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Clippers center DeAndre Jordan limped throughout the Thunder game after he hurt his left hip and left ankle.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 雷声; 隆隆的响声
vi. 打雷
vt. & vi. 发出隆隆声; 轰隆隆地快速移动; 使快速移动; 怒喝
时态：thundered, thundering, thunders
分布：雷(67%)，雷声(25%)，打雷(6%)，大声喊出(1%)，轰隆地响(1%)
→来自古英语 thunor,雷电，雷声，雷神索尔，来自 Proto-Germanic*thunraz,打雷，来自 stene, 回响，打雷，可能为拟声词，词源同 astonish,Thursday.插入字母 d,可能是受 sound 影响。
n.雷(声);轰隆声v.打雷;大声说,吼叫The loud thunder gave me a fright.这声响雷吓了我一大跳.
US [-dɚ] noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the sudden loud noise which comes from the sky especially during a storm 雷，雷声
• a clap of thunder 一声雷响
• thunder and lightning 雷电
only singular
■a continuous loud noise 雷鸣般的响声，轰隆声
• I couldn't hear what he was saying over the thunder of the waterfall. 瀑布震天响，我听不清他说的话。
UK ['θʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
intransitive
■When it thunders, a loud noise comes from the sky 打雷
• The sky grew dark and it started to thunder. 天色变暗，开始打雷了。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to move, making a lot of noise 轰隆隆地移动
• The train thundered past, shaking the whole house. 火车轰隆隆驶过，整座房子都晃动起来。
intransitive
■to shout angrily 怒吼
• [+ speech] "I never want to see you here again!" he thundered. “我再也不想在这里见到你！”他怒吼道。
n. [气象] 雷；轰隆声；恐吓
 - threat, intimidation
vi. 打雷；怒喝
 - fulminate
vt. 轰隆地发出；大声喊出
 - bark out, bellow out

Word: thumb
Front: thumb
[θʌm] (研四六托雅 3748/4504 -K2)
Back: n. 拇指; （手套的）拇指部份
vi. 翘起拇指请求搭乘（过路汽车），示意请求搭便车; 翻阅
vt. 翻阅; 作搭车手势; 用拇指翻脏[翻坏]（书页等）
时态：thumbed, thumbing, thumbs
分布：拇指(96%)，翻阅(3%)，示意要求搭车(1%)
→来自古英语 thuma,拇指，来自 Proto-Germanic*thumon,拇指，来自 tum,鼓起，来自 teue, 鼓起，词源同 tumid,thigh.插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.
n.拇指v.示意要求搭车;迅速翻阅Thus the enthusiastic dumb man thumbed the humble man's umbrella.于是热情的哑巴用拇指拨弄谦卑男子的伞.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■the short thick finger on the side of your hand which makes it possible to hold and pick things up easily 拇指
[θʌm] noun countable
all (fingers and) thumbs informal
■to be very awkward with your hands 笨手笨脚
• Can you untangle this thread for me? I'm all thumbs today. 你能帮我解开这个线结吗？我今天手指不灵活。
[θʌm] noun countable
thumbs down informal
■used to show disapproval of something 拇指向下；不赞成，反对
• They've given our plan the thumbs down (= They have disagreed with our plan). 他们不赞成我们的计划。
[θʌm] noun countable
thumbs up informal
■used to show approval of something 竖起大拇指；赞成，接受
• So it's the thumbs up for Brighton's latest night club. 那么这就是对布赖顿最近开的那家夜总会表示认可了。
[θʌm] noun countable
under sb's thumb
■under someone's control 在（某人的）支配下
• He's got the committee firmly under his thumb - they agree to whatever he asks. 他已牢牢掌控委员会，他们同意他提出的任何要求。
[θʌm] verb
thumb a lift informal
■to stand near the edge of a road and hold out your hand with the thumb raised as a signal for a vehicle to stop and take you somewhere 竖起拇指要求免费搭车
• We thumbed a lift to London. 我们搭便车去了伦敦。
thumb your nose at sb/sth
■to show no respect, or to raise the tip of your thumb to the end of your nose to show that you do not respect somebody 对…嗤之以鼻，蔑视
• He has thumbed his nose at authority all his life. 他一生都藐视权威。
[θʌm] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  thumb through sth
■to turn the pages of a book, magazine, or a document quickly and only read small parts of it 匆匆翻阅，浏览
• "Have you read the report?" "Well, I thumbed through it quickly on the train." “你看过报告了吗？”“嗯，我在火车上匆匆翻阅过。”
vt. 翻阅；以拇指拨弄；作搭车手势；笨拙地摆弄
 - turn over, browse through

Word: prize-winning

Word: metaphorical
Front: metaphorical
[ˌmetəˈfɒrɪkl] (12562/15207 -1)
Vocabulary: metaphorical
(once / 3291 pages)
adj
Something is metaphorical when you use it to stand for, or symbolize, another thing. For example, a dark sky in a poem might be a metaphorical representation of sadness.
You'll find yourself using the adjective metaphorical all the time if you take a poetry class; poems are usually full of metaphors. People use metaphorical language in everyday speech too, like when you say something like, "My brain is foggy today." Metaphorical comes from the Greek word meaning "a transfer," metaphora, which is itself made up of meta, "over," and pherein, "to carry."
WORD FAMILY
metaphorical: metaphorically+/ metaphor: metaphoric, metaphorical, metaphors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony did not speak to the media afterwards, but Sefolosha pulled no metaphorical punches.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
And then Jennifer Lawrence, floating in on a metaphorical iceberg, shows up, and “Passengers” suddenly becomes a different movie; one both sentimental and off-putting.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
But there are some metaphorical megafauna that the BBC and we in the media really do not want everyone to see.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 隐喻性的
分布：隐喻性的(67%)，比喻性的(33%)
→来自metaphor,暗喻，隐喻。
US [ˌmetˌ.ə'fɑ:r-] (also metaphoric)
adjective
■describes language which contains metaphors 使用隐喻的
• Her second novel is written in a very metaphorical style. 她的第二本小说中运用了大量隐喻。
■not having real existence but symbolic and showing some truth about a situation or other subject 比喻性的，比喻意义上的
• A metaphorical ocean (= extremely large area of disagreement) lies between the two groups. 双方之间存在着海洋般巨大的分歧。
• There is a danger that America's metaphoric 'war on drugs' may turn into a bloody reality. 美国人“向毒品开战”的比喻说法有变成严酷现实的危险。

Word: hallucination
Front: hallucination
[həˌlu:sɪˈneɪʃn] (宝 12535/15755 -1)
Vocabulary: hallucination
(once / 2156 pages)
n
If you see your teacher morph into a dancing elephant, chances are you’re having a hallucination, or an illusory perception. In other words, it sounds like you are seeing things!
A person experiencing a hallucination perceives things that aren’t really there. A hallucination can involve any of the senses — including sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste — and often results from a mental disorder or a chemical source, such as a drug.
WORD FAMILY
hallucination: hallucinations+/ hallucinate: hallucinated, hallucinates, hallucinating, hallucination, hallucinatory/hallucinatory: hallucinatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some speculate that it represents temporal-lobe epilepsy, others schizophrenia; auditory hallucinations are common in both conditions.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Once symptoms occur—first depression and hallucinations, and eventually dementia and loss of motor control—patients survive about a year.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
Users often experience rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, anxiety and hallucinations, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 幻觉，幻想; 错觉
分布：幻觉(83%)，幻想(17%)
→来自hallucinate,产生幻觉。
noun countable or uncountable
■when you see, hear, feel or smell something which does not exist, usually because you are ill or have taken a drug 幻觉
• A high temperature can cause hallucinations. 高温可使人产生幻觉。
• auditory/olfactory hallucinations 幻听／幻嗅
n. [心理] 幻觉，幻想；错觉
 - fantasm, acoasm

Word: Philippine
Front: Philippine
['filipi:n] (12500/17455)
Back: n. 菲律宾人
adj. 菲律宾的；菲律宾人的
分布：菲律宾人(38%)，菲律宾人的(25%)，菲律宾的(25%)，菲律宾群岛的(12%)
adjective
■Philippine 菲律宾的

Word: hurtle
Front: hurtle
[ˈhɜ:tl] (12521/12169 -1)
Vocabulary: hurtle
(once / 2799 pages)
v
If you forcefully throw or fling something, you hurtle it. In a food fight, you may hurtle chocolate pudding across the room, but be prepared for someone to launch peas at you in retaliation. Duck!
The verb hurtle also means to move rapidly, often with a rushing sound, and sometimes with seeming lack of control. If you are driving on wet, slippery roads at night, try not to drive fast and skid out of control — if you do, your car may seem to hurtle through the darkness! By the way, even though we can't feel it, the earth hurtles through space at approximately 67,000 miles per hour as it orbits the sun.
WORD FAMILY
hurtle: hurtled, hurtles, hurtling
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there should be no formalities in this town, which is hurtling toward the 25th anniversary of its last title in a major pro sport.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Yeah, when he becomes agitated lights flash and bad guys are hurtled into the air.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Elsewhere, time hurtles ahead: unpredictable harmonic schemes generate suspense at every turn of this most familiar of stories.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 猛冲; 猛烈碰撞
vt. 猛投; 冲向; 猛掷; 使猛烈冲击
n. 碰撞; 碰撞声; 猛冲
时态：hurtled, hurtling, hurtles
分布：猛冲(39%)，猛烈碰撞(25%)，猛投(18%)，碰撞(18%)
→来自hurt古义，冲，撞，-le,表反复。引申词义飞驰，猛冲。
US ['hɝ:.tˌl] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move very fast, especially in what seems a dangerous way 快速移动；（尤指危险地）猛冲
• The truck came hurtling towards us. 卡车向着我们猛冲过来。
• The explosion sent pieces of metal and glass hurtling through the air. 爆炸导致金属和玻璃碎片在空中乱飞。
vi. 猛冲；猛烈碰撞
 - dash
vt. 猛投；冲向
 - rush at, bear down on
n. 碰撞；猛冲
 - collision, crash, impact

Word: astonish
Front: astonish
[əˈstɒnɪʃ] (高研四托 12542/18564 -1)
Vocabulary: astonish
(once / 88 pages)
v
Things that might astonish you: the discovery of life on another planet, a death-defying performance, and the number of dinosaurs a six-year old child can name. To astonish is to amaze and astound.
Remember that astonish means more than surprised. It carries with it a feeling of being truly impressed. Astonish derives from the Latin tonare 'thunder.' When you are astonished, you're thunderstruck. If you plan to astonish someone, you might say before hand, "Wait until you see this. It's going to knock your socks off."
WORD FAMILY
astonish: astonished, astonishes, astonishing, astonishment +/ astonished: astonishedly/ astonishing: astonishingly / astonishment: astonishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheer range of musical expression is astonishing: pastoral reveries, woodland scenes, romantic arias, heroic dramas, historical legends and visions of spiritual strife.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“China is moving from being the main problem to the main solution,” he said, calling Friday’s announcement, “the most astonishing and wonderful piece of news.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Adams’ became an astonishing success after “Watership Down” was published.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使惊讶，使大为吃惊
时态：astonished, astonishing, astonishes
分布：使吃惊(56%)，使惊讶(44%)
→as来自前缀ex- 变体，此处表强调。词根ton, 雷，拟声词，同thunder. 指如被雷击。
vt.使惊讶,使吃惊The astronaut, an astronomy fan, is astonished at the gymnastics show in the gymnasium.宇航员(一位天文学迷)对体育馆里的体操表演感到惊骇.
US [-'stɑ:.nɪʃ] verb transitive
■to surprise someone very much 使吃惊；使惊讶
• I was astonished by how much she'd grown. 她竟然长那么高了，这让我很惊讶。
• What astonished me was that he didn't seem to mind. 让我感到诧异的是他好像毫不在乎。
stun, astound, astonish, surprise, amaze, startle
这组词都有“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”的意思，其区别是：
stun: 语气最强，指极度惊讶而目瞪口呆，不知所措。
astound: 语气强，指由于事情令人难以置信或实在罕见而使人感到震惊。
astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。
surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。
amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。
startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。
vt. 使惊讶
 - emmarvel, gast

Word: herald
Front: herald
[ˈherəld] (六托宝 12546/7050 -2)
Vocabulary: herald
(once / 381 pages)
nv
A herald is a sign of things to come. A chilly day in October is a herald of the coming winter.
Years ago, a herald was an official who announced important news to the people. This is why many newspapers today have herald in their name. Nowadays, the noun herald refers to an early indicator that something is about to happen. Herald can also be used as a verb meaning "to praise" or "to greet enthusiastically." If you've been away from home for a long time, your family might herald your return, especially if you come bearing gifts.
WORD FAMILY
herald: heralded, heralding, heralds+/heralded: unheralded
USAGE EXAMPLES
Editorials reflect the consensus of the Telegraph Herald Editorial Board.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An air siren heralded Booker T.’s entrance.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Less heralded but steady cornerback Anthony Averett forced a fumble.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 使者，先驱，通报者; （旧时的）传令官
v. 传达，通报; 预告，预示…的到来; 欢呼
时态：heralded, heralding, heralds
分布：先驱(74%)，使者(9%)，传令官(8%)，预兆(5%)，标志(2%)，预报(2%)
→her-,军队，词源同harry,harbor,-ald,命令，统率，词源同wield.即军队统率官，指挥官，将军，后引申词义指挥官的使者，传令员，后用于指传达，通报。
【记】her，ald＝old：她已经是老巫婆了－先驱，预兆
【反】unherald（未预告）－proclaim（vt 宣布；声明）
verb transitive formal
■to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happen, or to make something publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it 预示…的开始；（尤指透过庆祝或赞扬）宣布（常指好事）
• The president's speech heralds a new era in foreign policy. 总统的演说预示着一个外交政策新时代的开始。
• This drug has been heralded as a major breakthrough in the fight against breast cancer. 这种药据称是在对抗乳癌方面的一个重大突破。
['her.əld] noun countable formal
■a sign that something will happen, change, etc 预兆，先兆
• If this first opera of the season is a herald (= sign) of what is to come, we can expect great things. 如果本季这第一部歌剧是个预示，那么我们可以期待接下来的剧目会非常精彩。
■in the past, a person who carried important messages and made announcements （旧时的）传令官
n. 先驱；传令官；报信者
 - precursor, forerunner

Word: flickering
Front: flickering
['flɪkərɪŋ] (托 12486/15081)
Back: adj. 闪烁的; 摇曳的; 忽隐忽现的; 一闪一闪的
v. （通常指灯光）闪烁，摇曳( flicker的现在分词 )
分布：忽隐忽现的(50%)，闪烁的(摇曳的(25%)，扑动的)(25%)
VERB
(灯光等)闪烁，摇曳
If a light or flame flickers, it shines unsteadily.
例：Fluorescent lights flickered, and then the room was brilliantly, blindingly bright...荧光灯闪了几下，接着屋子里豁然大亮，刺得人睁不开眼。
例：A television flickered in the corner.电视机在角落里时明时暗地变换着画面。
N-COUNT
(情感的)闪现，一闪而过
If you experience a flicker of emotion, you feel that emotion only for a very short time, and not very strongly.
例：He felt a flicker of regret...他突然感到一丝悔意。
例：He looked at me, a flicker of amusement in his cold eyes.他看着我，冷酷的眼神里闪过一丝嘲笑。
VERB
(表情)掠过，闪过
If an expression flickers across your face, it appears very briefly.
例：A smile flickered across Vincent's grey features.文森特苍白的面孔上掠过一丝微笑。
例：...a shadow of disquiet flickering over his face.他脸上闪过的不安的阴影
VERB
(眼睛)瞟过
If someone's eyes flicker towards something, they look at it quickly.
例：Dirk's eyes flickered towards the pistol...德克的眼睛瞟向那把手枪。
例：His dark eyes flickered over her face.他深色的眼睛在她的脸上瞟过。
VERB
抖动;颤动
If something flickers, it makes very slight, quick movements.
例：In a moment her eyelids flickered, then opened...她的眼皮随即动了一下，然后睁开了眼睛。
例：A few moments later Mrs Tenney's eyelids flickered open.过了一会儿，坦尼夫人的眼睛眨了几下睁开了。
adj. 闪烁的，忽隐忽现的；摇曳的
 - glittery, shimmery
v. 闪烁（flicker的ing形式）
 - shining

Word: captor
Front: captor
[ˈkæptə(r)] (12517/19273 -1)
Vocabulary: captor
(once / 1206 pages)
n
Someone who catches a person or animal and keeps them confined or imprisoned is a captor. Visiting the zoo, you might find yourself wondering if the lions see the zookeepers as friends or as captors.
The word captor sounds a little bit like capture, and it's no coincidence — they're both rooted in the Latin capere, "to take, hold, or seize." So if you capture a cricket and keep it in a little cage, you are its captor. And, when a police force captures a criminal and puts them in prison, the police become captors too. The original meaning of captor was actually "a censor."
WORD FAMILY
captor: captors
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I told the captors the whole world was watching,” he said.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
After the deal in October, the girls' captors announced that any girl who wanted to be released should line up.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
In it, they begged their governments to intervene on their behalf with their Afghan captors.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 捕捉者，捕手; 俘虏者; 攻夺者; 捕捉船
分布：捕捉者(62%)，逮捕者(38%)
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■a person who has captured a person or animal and refuses to release them 捉拿者；捕获者；劫持者
n. 捕获者；俘虏者
 - taker

Word: hinge
Front: hinge
[hɪndʒ] (研六托雅宝 8810/9620 -1)
Vocabulary: hinge
(once / 900 pages)
nv
A hinge is a type of joint that attaches two things together while allowing for limited movement. A door hinge fastens the door to the wall and lets the door swing open.
A hinge is a joint that holds two pieces of something together while allowing one piece to move in a swinging motion. When used as a verb, hinge can mean "to attach a hinge." Hinge can also be used to indicate that one key event depends on another, as in “The athlete’s future with the team will hinge on his performance at tonight’s game” or “The success of this product hinges on how many units are sold this month.”
WORD FAMILY
hinge: hinged, hinges, hinging, unhinge+/unhinge: unhinged, unhinges, unhinging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Much of the Rams’ immediate future will hinge on Goff’s development under a new coach.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In the end, her life hinged on one thing - a heart transplant.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rogers says he hasn’t thought of it like that, or about how the season hinged on that play.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 铰链，折叶; 关键，转折点; 枢要，中枢
vt. & vi. 用铰链连接; 依…为转移; 给…安装铰链; （门等）装有蝶铰
vi. 依…而转移
时态：hinged, hingeing, hinges
分布：铰链(78%)，关键(20%)，用铰链装(1%)，依情况而定(1%)
→来自konk,悬挂，词源同hang.引申词义绞链，门合页。
n.合页,铰链vi.依...而定The gates were off their hinges.大门的铰链脱落了.
noun countable
■a piece of metal that fastens the edge of a door, window, lid, etc. to something else and allows it to swing open or closed 枢纽，铰链
• We had to take the front door off its hinges to get our new sofa into the house. 我们不得不把前门从铰炼上卸下来，这样我们的新沙发才能搬进屋子里。
[hɪndʒ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hinge on/upon sth
■If one thing hinges on another, the first thing depends on the second thing or is very influenced by it 依靠，取决于
• The prosecution's case hinged on the evidence of a witness who died before the trial. 控方的案子取决于一位证人的证词，而该证人已在审判前死去。
■If a story or situation hinges on an idea or subject, it develops from that idea or that is the most important subject in it （故事或情况）围绕着…展开
• The film's plot hinges on a case of mistaken identity. 该电影的情节围绕着一宗身份误认案件展开。
n. [机] 铰链；枢纽；关键
 - key, crux

Word: irregularity
Front: irregularity
[ɪˌregjəˈlærəti] (六 12549/9635)
Back: n. 不规则，无规律; 非正则，非正式; 不整齐; 不规则的事物
分布：不规则性(46%)，违法(29%)，便秘(14%)，不规则的事物(11%)
US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
SHAPE 形状
countable or uncountable
■when something is not regular in shape or form, or an example of this 不规则；不整齐
• The pictures showed cracks and other irregularities in otherwise perfectly regular crystals. 从这些图片可见：除了一些裂缝及凹凸不平之处，这些等轴晶系晶体无可挑剔。
• The west of the island is famous for the irregularity of its coastline. 岛的西部因其曲折的海岸线而闻名。
UK [ɪˌreg.jə'lær.ə.ti] US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
RULE 规则
countable or uncountable
■something which is not correct or acceptable 违规；不合常规
• The inspectors found several irregularities in the business accounts. 检查人员在业务账目中发现了几处违规。
• The irregularity of (= The lack of rules for) English spelling means that it is easy to make mistakes. 英语拼写没有规律可循意味着很容易拼错。
UK [ɪˌreg.jə'lær.ə.ti] US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] noun
TIME/SPACE 时间／空间
uncountable
■when something does not happen at regular times 不定期；无规律
n. 不规则；无规律； [电子] 不整齐
 - anomaly, abnormity

Word: horizontally
Front: horizontally
[ˌhɒrɪ'zɒntəlɪ] (12544/11924)
Back: adv. 水平地，横地
分布：水平地(100%)
ADJ
水平的;横的
Something that is horizontal is flat and level with the ground, rather than at an angle to it.
例：The board consists of vertical and horizontal lines...板上画着横纵的线条。
例：Swing the club back until it is horizontal.将球杆向后挥至水平位置。
N-COUNT
水平线;横线;水平结构
A horizontal is a line or structure that is horizontal.
例：The undulating planes of the countryside provide relief from the hard horizontals and verticals of the urban scene.乡村起伏不平的地势使人们摆脱了城市刻板的横平竖直景象。

Word: aloft
Front: aloft
[əˈlɒft] (托宝 12541/14657 -1)
Vocabulary: aloft
(once / 567 pages)
adv
Something up in the air or really high is aloft. Aloft has a soft, floaty sound to it, and it's a great word for talking about flying birds, airborne ballet dancers, and soaring spitballs.
Things that are above or overhead are aloft, and they can be flying free or lifted up. Frisbees are aloft when they cut through the air, and your hands are aloft when you hold them high to catch a Frisbee. Some things are stationary, or set in place, and aloft, like tree houses and birds' nests. You might feel suspended in time as you catch air on your bike, aloft over the ground — until you hit pavement reality three seconds later.
WORD FAMILY
aloft
USAGE EXAMPLES
The “collective” drone idea follows another interesting scheme depicted in an Amazon patent document published in April: flying warehouses held aloft by blimps.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At one point, the fans held them aloft in tribute.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Suggestions of shamanic figures and ritual dancers hold their linked arms aloft.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 在空中; 在高处
分布：在空中(48%)，在高处(42%)，在桅杆上(5%)，在 ... 上(5%)
→来自短语on loft. 单词loft, 阁楼，高空，lift的名词。
在高处,在空中[loft=sky(天空)]
【记】loft（n 阁楼，鸽房）－在空中
【反】grounded（adj 接地的）；founder（v 沉没）－keep[stay] aloft（在高处）
US [-'lɑ:ft] formal
adverb
■in the air or in a higher position 在高处；在上面；在空中
• We held our glasses aloft. 我们高举酒杯。
adv. 在空中；在高处；在上面
 - above, overhead
prep. 在…之上；在…顶上
 - onto, upon, up
adj. 在空中的；在高处的；在上面的
 - superincumbent, pinnacled

Word: goofy
Front: goofy
[ˈgu:fi] (12553/38278)
Vocabulary: goofy
(once / 17936 pages)
adj
Anything goofy is ridiculous and cute, like a squirrel on a skateboard or a big football player snuggling a teddy bear after every touch down. Goofy things are often well-intentioned but weird.
Being awkward, telling dumb jokes and stories, or wearing crazy clothes are all great ways to be goofy. A goofy smile is sweet, unless you’re in England where it means you have big crooked teeth. Goofy, the dopey Disney dog who is all of these things, was created in 1929 when the word was brand new. It comes from a variation on the English dialect goff, "foolish clown."
WORD FAMILY
goofy: goofier, goofiest, goofily+/ goof: goofed, goofing, goofs, goofy
USAGE EXAMPLES
He provided more goofy celebrations and retained composure every time his slightest mistake became a local crisis.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
To the delight of his fans, at least judging by the comments, his daughters often respond to his goofy antics with down-to-earth eye rolls.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Gerard: We both used the word “goofy” to describe ourselves.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 愚笨的，傻瓜的
分布：愚笨的(50%)，傻瓜的(50%)
['gu:.fi] mainly US informal
adjective
■silly 愚蠢的；傻的
• That was a real goofy thing to do. 做那种事情实在是太蠢了。
• I like Jim, but he's a little goofy. 我喜欢吉姆，但是他有点傻乎乎的。
adj. 傻瓜的，愚笨的
 - imbecilic, mullet-headed

Word: irreversible
Front: irreversible
[ˌɪrɪˈvɜ:səbl] (托 12545/11691 -1)
Vocabulary: irreversible
(once / 9441 pages)
adj
If you can't undo something, it's irreversible. Time is always irreversible, as is the damage done to your skin by too much sun, so be sure to wear sunblock!
While you see reverse inside of this word, you wouldn't use it to describe a car that can't go backwards. However, if the car was in an accident and cannot be fixed, you could say that the damage done to the car was pretty much irreversible, in other words the car is totaled.
WORD FAMILY
irreversible: irreversibility, irreversibly+/ reversal: reversals/ reverse: reversal, reversed, reversely, reversible, reversing/ reversible: irreversible, nonreversible, reversibility, reversibles, reversibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the authors also note that the trend is not inevitable or irreversible.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Secretary of State John Kerry says expanding Israeli settlements in the West Bank and east Jerusalem are leading to an “irreversible one-state reality.”
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Heart attacks, or “myocardial infarctions,” refer to any irreversible cell death to the muscle of the heart.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可逆的; 不能翻转的; 不能倒置的; [法]不可取消的
分布：不可逆转的(86%)，不可挽回的(14%)
→ir-,不，非，reversible,可倒转的。
不能改变的(ir不+re+vers+ible→不能颠倒的)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
US [-'vɝ:-] adjective
■not possible to change; impossible to return to a previous condition 不可改变的，不可逆转的
• Smoking has caused irreversible damage to his lungs. 吸烟已经对他的肺部造成了永久的损害。
adj. 不可逆的；不能取消的；不能翻转的
 - non-reversible, nonreversing

Word: unreal
Front: unreal
[ˌʌnˈrɪəl] (12554/11141 -1)
Back: adj. 不真实的，假的; 幻想的，虚构的; 非现实的; 虚幻
分布：不真实的(66%)，虚幻的(22%)，虚构的(6%)，空想的(3%)，不实在的(3%)
不真实(un+real真实的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
US [-'ri:l] adjective
IMAGINARY 想像的
■as if imagined; strange and dream-like 不真实的；虚幻的；梦境般的；奇异的
• The whole bizarre evening had an unreal quality to it. 这个古怪的夜晚让人感觉很不真实。
UK [ʌn'rɪəl] US [-'ri:l] adjective
SURPRISING 令人惊讶的 slang
■extremely or surprisingly good 极好的，好得令人喜出望外的
• He gave you £5000? Man, that's unreal! 他给了你5000英镑？老兄，这真是好极了！
adj. 不真实的；假的；幻想的；虚构的
 - impossible, untrue

Word: escalation
Front: escalation
[ˌeskə'leɪʃn] (宝 12543/14804)
Vocabulary: escalation
(once / 10225 pages)
n
An escalation is an increase or growth. When there's an escalation in tension between two countries, it means that things have become much more strained between them.
An escalation in Christmas tree prices means that your holiday decor will be more expensive this year, and an escalation of violence in a particular country will probably keep you from traveling there until things calm down. When something gets bigger or more intense, there's an escalation. The word comes from the verb escalate, which in turn is a back-formation from escalator. The Latin root of all three words is scala, or "ladder."
WORD FAMILY
escalation: de-escalation, escalations+/ escalate: de-escalate, escalated, escalates, escalating, escalation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their gradual military escalation and counter-escalation was the principal reason for the ultimate collapse of the February cessation of hostilities agreement.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Such a plea would be an escalation of punishments against auto companies for defective products.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It warned that armed groups on all sides were preparing for “an even more catastrophic escalation of violence.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 扩大，增加
分布：增加(86%)，逐步扩大(14%)
V-ERG
（使）扩大;（使）恶化;（使）升级
If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.
例：Both unions and management fear the dispute could escalate...工会和管理层都担心争端会恶化。
例：The protests escalated into five days of rioting...抗议升级为为期5天的骚乱。
n. 增加；扩大； [劳经] 逐步上升
 - enhancement, increase, gain, extension, rise

Word: lighthouse
Front: lighthouse
[ˈlaɪthaʊs] (托 12513/9988)
Vocabulary: lighthouse
(once / 1613 pages)
n
A lighthouse is a building with a warning light that helps boats to navigate safely, especially when it's dark or foggy. Maine is famous for its many lighthouses.
Most lighthouses consist of a narrow tower, with a rotating or flashing light at the top, located near the coast. Before the invention of the lighthouse, fires were lit on hillsides to help captains guide their ships, and after permanent ports were built in coastal areas, permanent lighthouses were constructed. These warned sailors of obstacles at sea, rocky coastlines, and harbor entrances — and their designs grew more complex through the 18th century.
WORD FAMILY
lighthouse: lighthouses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Camano Island State Park; walk to the lighthouse, 1:30 p.m.,
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dalén invented a neat little device that would, when heated by the sun, pinch off the gas suppling a lighthouse’s beacon.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Bar a lighthouse down the coast, the property was the only dwelling visible.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 灯塔
分布：灯塔(100%)
noun countable
■a tall building by the sea with a flashing light at the top to warn ships of dangerous rocks 灯塔
n. [水运] 灯塔
 - phare, beacon

Word: floppy
Front: floppy
[ˈflɒpi] (宝 12505/8790 -1)
Back: adj. 松软的; 懒散的
n. 软盘
级别：floppier, floppiest
分布：松软的(67%)，懒散的(33%)
→来自flap拼写变体，飘动，翻动。即飘动的，松软的。用于计算机名词软盘。
【记】A floppy disk 软盘
【区】flabby（adj 优柔寡断的；软弱的；松弛的）；flaccid（adj 软弱无力的）
US ['flɑ:.pi] adjective
■soft and not able to keep a firm shape or position 松软的；耷拉的
• a floppy hat 软帽
• a dog with big floppy ears 耷拉着大耳朵的狗
• He's got floppy blond hair that's always falling in his eyes. 他有着柔软的金发，总是垂到眼睛里。
UK ['flɒp.i] US ['flɑ:.pi] noun countable (also floppy disk)
 ADVANCED
■a diskette (= a flat circular device, usually inside a square container, which has a magnetic covering and is used for storing computer information) 软（磁）碟 Compare hard disk
adj. 松软的；叭嗒叭嗒响的；懒散的，邋遢的
 - nesh, fluffy

Word: placid
Front: placid
[ˈplæsɪd] (托雅宝 12548/14747 -1)
Vocabulary: placid
(once / 623 pages)
adj
Call a body of water placid if it has a smooth surface and no waves. Call a person placid if they don't tend to make waves by causing a fuss.
Coming from the Latin placidus "pleasing or gentle," placid is most commonly used to describe a person who is not easily irritated or a body of water such as a lake that does not have waves to disturb the surface. Synonyms of placid in both meanings include calm, serene and tranquil. In other uses, placid describes something with little disruption — like "a placid neighborhood."
WORD FAMILY
placid: placider, placidest, placidity, placidly, placidness+/placidity: placidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
They wanted picturesque landscapes that were wilder and more rugged than Brown’s placid idylls.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The home side's serene progress on a placid surface served to highlight how difficult it will be for England to force a consolation victory.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The 37th Empire State Winter Games will be staged Feb. 2-5 in and around Lake Placid.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 平和的，宁静的; 温和的; 满意的，满足的; 平缓
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，安慰，词源同please,placate.引申词义安抚的，平静的。
平静的(plac+id)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
安静的(plac平静+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
adjective
■having a calm appearance or characteristics 宁静的；平和的
• a slow-moving and placid river 平缓宁静的河流
• the placid pace of village life 乡村悠然的生活节奏
• She was a very placid (= calm and not easily excited) child who slept all night and hardly ever cried. 她是个非常安静的孩子，整个晚上都在睡觉，极少哭泣。
adj. 平静的；温和的；沉着的
 - pacific, peaceful, calm, composed, soft

Word: insulting
Front: insulting
[ɪnˈsʌltɪŋ] (托 12529/9997 -K)
Back: adj. 出言不逊的，侮辱的; 无礼的
v. 侮辱，冒犯( insult的现在分词)
分布：侮辱的(90%)，动词insult的现在分词形式.(10%)
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■rude or offensive 侮辱的，有冒犯性的，无礼的
• You can't offer such a low salary to someone who is so highly skilled - it's insulting. 你不能给一个技艺如此高超的人这么低的工资——这简直是一种侮辱。
adj. 侮辱的，无礼的；污蔑的；损害人体的
 - rude, offensive
v. 侮辱；损害（insult的ing形式）
 - maiming

Word: bleachers
Front: bleachers
[ˈbli:tʃəz] (宝 12530/-)
Vocabulary: bleachers
(once / 11161 pages)
n
Bleachers are raised seating, usually for sporting events, that's arranged in tiers. Your favorite way to spend a Friday evening might be sitting in the bleachers and cheering for a high school football team.
Bleachers are a set of benches made of wood or metal, used for inexpensive seating in gyms or beside sports fields. Students sometimes sit in the bleachers for a pep rally or speech, and soccer fans might gather before a game, choosing spots in the bleachers that give them a good view of the field. Since the late 19th century, bleachers has been used in the US, inspired by their typical wooden seats, bleached by the sun.
WORD FAMILY
bleacher: bleachers +/ bleach: bleached, bleacher, bleaches, bleaching/bleached: unbleached
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leah ran down the bleachers and unfastened the clips on Grimes’s shoulder pads.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Park playgrounds and the fencing and bleachers around its baseball diamond were also damaged.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Renovations to the field will include dugouts with protective fencing and benches, perimeter fencing, bleachers, a backstop, a scoreboard and field signs.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <美>（运动场的）廉价座位，露天看台; 漂白者，漂白剂，露天看台( bleacher的名词复数 )
分布：名词bleacher的复数形式.(50%)，漂白工人(50%)
→来自bleach, 指露天看台由于风吹日晒而发白。
【记】bleach（v 漂白，变白）－被漂白的座位－露天看台
US [-tʃɚz] US
plural noun
■a sloping area of seats at a sports ground which are not covered and are therefore not expensive to sit in （运动场的）露天座位，廉价座位

Word: westward
Front: westward
['westwəd] (四六 12556/15024)
Back: adj. 向西的
n. 西部，西方
adv. 向西方
分布：向西的(35%)，西方(22%)，向西(19%)，西方的(12%)，西部(12%)
US [-wɚd] (also westwards)
adjective
■towards the west 向西的
• The westward advance of the road repairs is being held up by protesters. 向西修路的工程受到抗议者阻拦，耽搁下来。
adj. 向西的；西方的
 - hesperian
n. 西部；西方
 - occident

Word: gravitate
Front: gravitate
[ˈgrævɪteɪt] (12561/19942)
Vocabulary: gravitate
(once / 1312 pages)
v
To gravitate is to move toward or feel attracted to something. People gravitate toward things they like.
Gravitate used to refer to how gravity pulls objects toward the Earth, but now it also describes how people are pulled toward things they like. Little kids gravitate towards playgrounds, someone athletic will gravitate toward sports, and someone with a nice voice might gravitate toward a singing career. Dogs gravitate toward squirrels — they move toward them whenever they have a chance. But don’t blame gravity for that one!
WORD FAMILY
gravitate: gravitated, gravitates, gravitating, gravitation, gravitative+/ grave: graved, gravely, graveness, gravest, graving, gravity /gravitation: gravitational, gravitations/gravitational: gravitationally/ gravity: gravitate, gravities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Since I was a kid, people always gravitated toward me,” he explains.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
As he gravitates to skateboarding and Iggy Pop, she enlists two much younger women to help teach him how to be a good man.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They managed to stay on budget anyway, since the kids gravitated toward pizza usually.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 受重力作用; 被吸引
时态：gravitated, gravitating, gravitates
分布：下沉(54%)，受吸引(46%)
受重力作用下沉(grav+itale→变重)[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"]
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  gravitate towards/to sth/sb UK (US gravitate toward sth/sb)
■to be attracted by or to move in the direction of something or someone 吸引到；受吸引而转到
• Susie always gravitates towards the older children in her playgroup. 苏茜在幼儿园总是爱跟比她大的小朋友玩。

Word: explanatory
Front: explanatory
[ɪkˈsplænətri] (12564/8103 -1)
Vocabulary: explanatory
(once / 2209 pages)
adj
Use the adjective explanatory when you're talking about a clarification or an explanation. An abstract artwork in a gallery that consists of an old sneaker might require an explanatory note, for example.
The Latin word explanare is at the root of explanatory, and its literal meaning is "to make level or to flatten." When you give an explanatory answer or make an explanatory speech, you are laying it all out — providing all the details your listener needs to understand. Anything that makes something more clear can be described as explanatory, like a footnote in a term paper or your apologetic list of reasons for being late to your best friend's party.
WORD FAMILY
explanatory: explanatorily, self-explanatory+/ explain: explainable, explained, explaining, explains, explanation, explanatory, re-explain/explainable: explainably, unexplainable /explained: unexplained/ explanation: explanations/ unexplainable: unexplainably/unexplained: unexplainedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For music and sports, the explanatory power accounted for about a fifth.
The New Yorker(Sep 28, 2016)
They’re opinionated without being arrogant, sharp without being mean, explanatory without being stale, novel without being brash, worthy of attention without being attention-needy.
Washington Post(Nov 24, 2016)
His magic needs no windy explanatory exposition, which is why it’s easy to love him best.
Time(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 解释的; 说明的; 解释性
分布：说明的(50%)，解释的(50%)
解释的(explain解释)[-atory 1.表形容词"有…性质的"2.表名词"场所,地点"]
US [-tɔ:r.i] adjective
■giving an explanation about something 解释的；说明的
• There are explanatory notes with the diagram. 图表附带注释。
⇒ See also self-explanatory
adj. 解释的；说明的
 - expositive, elucidative

Word: watering
Front: watering
['wɔ:tərɪŋ] (12555/14513)
Back: n. 洒水，浇水，（指动物）饮水
v. 给…水喝( water的现在分词 ); 在…浇水[洒水]; 往（酒里）掺水; （尤指江河）流经并供水给（某地区）
分布：浇水(90%)，洒水(6%)，流口水的(1%)，动词water的现在分词形式.(1%)，有饮水的(1%)，落泪的(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
水;雨水
Water is a clear thin liquid that has no colour or taste when it is pure. It falls from clouds as rain and enters rivers and seas. All animals and people need water in order to live.
例：Get me a glass of water.给我杯水。
例：...the sound of water hammering on the metal roof.雨水敲打金属屋顶发出的声响
N-PLURAL
海域;(尤指)领海
You use waters to refer to a large area of sea, especially the area of sea which is near to a country and which is regarded as belonging to it.
例：The ship will remain outside Chinese territorial waters.这艘船将继续呆在中国领海之外。
例：...the open waters of the Arctic Ocean.北冰洋的公共海域
N-PLURAL
困境
You sometimes use waters to refer to a situation which is very complex or difficult.
例：...the man brought in to guide him through troubled waters...被请来帮助他渡过难关的人
例：The British Government may be in stormy economic waters.英国政府可能陷入了动荡的经济困境中。
VERB
给(植物)浇水
If you water plants, you pour water over them in order to help them to grow.
例：He went out to water the plants.他出去给植物浇水。
VERB
流泪
If your eyes water, tears build up in them because they are hurting or because you are upset.
例：His eyes watered from cigarette smoke.他的眼睛被香烟熏得直流泪。
VERB
流口水
If you say that your mouth is watering, you mean that you can smell or see some nice food and you might mean that your mouth is producing a liquid.
例：...cookies to make your mouth water.令人垂涎的饼干
PHR-ERG
（孕妇）羊水破裂;（医生或接生员）给（孕妇）破羊水
When a pregnant woman's waters break, the fluid in her womb that surrounds the baby passes out of her body, showing that the baby is ready to be born. A doctor or midwife can break a woman's waters so that the birth can begin.
例：My waters broke at six in the morning and within four hours Jamie was born.我是凌晨6点破水的，不到4个小时杰米就出生了。
PHRASE
泼出之水;不可改变的既成事实;无法挽回的过去
If you say that an event or incident is water under the bridge, you mean that it has happened and cannot now be changed, so there is no point in worrying about it any more.
例：He was relieved his time in jail was over and regarded it as water under the bridge.他为服刑期满而感到如释重负，而且觉得既已无可更改，过去的就让它过去吧。
PHRASE
陷入困境;处境尴尬
If you are in deep water, you are in a difficult or awkward situation.
例：You certainly seem to be in deep water...你看起来无疑是陷入了困境。
例：I could tell that we were getting off the subject and into deep water.我觉得我们在跑题并已陷入尴尬境地。
PHRASE
(论点或理论)符合逻辑，站得住脚，经得起考验
If an argument or theory does not hold water, it does not seem to be reasonable or be in accordance with the facts.
例：This argument simply cannot hold water in Europe.这个论点在欧洲根本就站不住脚。
PHRASE
陷于困境;遇到麻烦
If you are in hot water, you are in trouble.
例：The company has already been in hot water over high prices this year.这家公司今年由于价格过高已经陷入困境。
PHRASE
给(想法或建议)泼冷水
If you pour cold water on an idea or suggestion, you show that you have a low opinion of it.
例：City economists pour cold water on the idea that the economic recovery has begun.伦敦金融城的经济学家给经济开始复苏的说法泼了冷水。
PHRASE
试探
If you test the water or test the waters, you try to find out what reaction an action or idea will get before you do it or tell it to people.
例：You should be cautious when getting involved and test the water before committing yourself.参与其中时一定要小心谨慎，表态之前最好试探一下。
n. 浇水；灌溉；排水沟
 - irrigation, drainage ditch
adj. 灌溉的；浇水用的
 - irrigative

Word: wildfire
Front: wildfire
[ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)] (12520/33548)
Back: n. 野火; （消息）不胫而走，迅速传播开来
分布：野火(77%)，磷火(11%)，燃烧剂(7%)，散布极快的事物(5%)
US [-faɪr] noun countable
■a fire which is burning strongly and out of control on an area of grass or bushes in the countryside 野火
• Major wildfires have destroyed thousands of acres in Idaho. 大规模的野火烧毁了爱达荷州几千英亩的土地。
UK ['waɪld.faɪər] US [-faɪr] noun countable
spread like wildfire
■If disease or news spreads like wildfire, it quickly affects or becomes known by more and more people （疾病或消息）迅速传播开来；（消息）不胫而走
• Once one child in the school has the infection, it spreads like wildfire. 一旦学校里有一个孩子受到感染，就会迅速传播开来。
n. 火灾； [物] 磷火，鬼火；散布极快的事物
 - friar's lantern, fen fire

Word: bookcase
Front: bookcase
[ˈbʊkkeɪs] (高雅 12527/15277 -1)
Back: n. 书橱，书架，书柜
分布：书架(64%)，书柜(36%)
noun countable
■a piece of furniture with shelves to put books on 书架；书橱
n. [家具] 书柜，书架
 - book cabinet, credenza

Word: sailboat
Front: sailboat
[ˈseɪlbəʊt] (12557/40981)
Back: n. <美>帆船(= sailing boat)
分布：名词(98%)，动词(2%)
N-COUNT
同 sailing boat
A sailboat is the same as a sailing boat .
n. 帆船
 - sailing ship, sailing boat, sailing vessel, jalor

Word: potter
Front: potter
[ˈpɒtə(r)] (托 27631/9074 -2)
Back: n. 陶工; 制陶工人
v. 稀里糊涂地混日子; 慢条斯理地走，闲逛; 混（日子），浪费（时间）
时态：pottered, pottering, potters
分布：陶工(68%)，陶艺家(20%)，懒散(6%)，磨蹭地做一些琐事(6%)
→来自pot,壶，罐子，陶器，-er,表施动。
US ['pɑ:.tˌɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly UK (US usually putter)
■to move about without hurrying and in a relaxed and pleasant way 闲逛，闲荡
• I spent the afternoon pottering around the garden doing a few odd jobs. 我一个下午都在庭园里散步，顺便做些零工。
• He doesn't drive very fast - he tends to potter along. 他车开得不很快——只是在闲逛。
UK ['pɒt.ər] US ['pɑ:.tˌɚ] noun
POT MAKER 陶工
countable
■a person who makes dishes, plates and other objects from clay, usually by hand on a special wheel 陶工
UK ['pɒt.ər] US ['pɑ:.tˌɚ] noun
WALK 走
only singular UK
■a slow, relaxed walk around a place 慢走，闲逛
• I'm just going into town for a potter round the shops. 我正要去城里随便逛逛商店。
n. 陶艺家，制陶工人
 - ceramist
vt. 闲混，虚度
 - moon, lounge away
vi. 闲逛；慢条斯理地做事
 - lig, knock around

Word: splinter
Front: splinter
[ˈsplɪntə(r)] (12547/14469 -1)
Back: n. 尖片; 碎片; 微不足道的事情; 〈美俚〉极瘦的人
vt. & vi. 使分裂; 木头、玻璃、石头等（使）裂成碎片
vi. 团体分裂; 分离出来
时态：splintered, splintering, splinters
分布：分裂出来的小派别(32%)，破裂(23%)，尖碎片(15%)，分离的(15%)，组成小派别(15%)
→来自中古荷兰语 splinter,碎片，裂片，词源同 splint,铁片，夹板，-er,名词后缀。后用于指碎 片，碎木板，碎木条等。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a small sharp broken piece of wood, glass, plastic or similar material （木头、玻璃、塑胶等的）尖细条，尖碎片
• The girl had got a splinter (of wood) in her toe. 女孩脚趾上刺进了一块（木头）碎片。
UK ['splɪn.tər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to break into small, sharp pieces 裂成碎片
• The edges of the plastic cover had cracked and splintered. 塑胶罩的边缘裂成了碎片。
• figurative The danger is that the Conservative Party may splinter into several smaller political parties. 危险在于保守党可能会分裂成几个小政党。
n. 碎片；微小的东西；极瘦的人
 - debris, chip
vi. 分裂；裂成碎片
 - to split, split up
vt. 使分裂；使裂成碎片
 - tear, disrupt

Word: ecumenical
Front: ecumenical
[ˌi:kju:ˈmenɪkl] (宝 12571/13110)
Vocabulary: ecumenical
(once / 8571 pages)
adj
The adjective ecumenical refers to something universal, or something that has a wide, general application.
You might refer to a wide assortment of ethnic foods served together as being ecumenical, and you'd be technically correct, as the word does mean something general and worldwide. But the term is most widely connected with religious unity, specifically Christianity. The original Greek root word, oikos, means "house," and that grew into the word oikoumenikós, which means "the entire world." Today it most often refers to bringing people of diverse Christian religions together; however, an ecumenical service might bring Christians, Jews, and Muslims together under one roof.
WORD FAMILY
ecumenical: ecumenicalism+/ecumenic: ecumenically, ecumenism/ecumenism: ecumenical
USAGE EXAMPLES
The beer festival lived up to the rector’s ecumenical ideals.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
This ecumenical approach enabled him to cross the barriers between those of different faiths.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
The ecumenical menu might include a raw seafood medley with sea urchin, a Moroccan-tinged lamb and the Yodel dessert, a supersize rolled devil’s food cake.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 一般的，普通的
分布：普遍的(51%)，世界范围的(33%)，促进基督教不同教派大联合的(16%)
【记】e出，cu苦，men人：出来做苦人的是那些传教士，目的是教全世界一般大众都接受他们的理念，而那些呆在ocean的是diocesan（见下）
【反】diocesan（adj 主教管区的）来自ocean（海是易于传教的地方）；factional（adj 派系的）；provincial（adj 狭隘的）
formal
adjective
■supporting and encouraging unity between the various types of the Christian religion 支援基督教（不同教派）大联合的
• an ecumenical service 旨在促进基督教不同教派大联合的仪式
adj. 普遍的；世界范围的；全基督教的
 - widespread, universal, ruling, generalized, pervasive

Word: drained
Front: drained
[dreɪnd] (12512/15397)
Back: v. （使）流干， （使）逐渐流走( drain的过去式和过去分词 ); 喝光，喝干; 使（精力、金钱等）耗尽
分布：下水道(32%)，排出(22%)，消耗(22%)，耗尽(10%)，排干(9%)，喝光(5%)
adjective
■very tired 疲惫不堪，累极了
• You look completely drained - why don't you go to bed? 你看起来是累坏了——为甚么不去睡一觉？
• It was one of those films that leaves you emotionally drained. 这是让人高度紧张的那种电影。

Word: son-in-law
Front: son-in-law
[sʌn ɪn lɔ:] (-1)
Back: n. 女婿，养子
分布：女婿(100%)
US [-lɑ:] (plural sons-in-law)
noun countable
■your daughter's husband 女婿

Word: congregate
Front: congregate
[ˈkɒŋgrɪgeɪt] (托宝 12537/14146 -1)
Vocabulary: congregate
(once / 306 pages)
v
Congregate is a verb that means to come together, to assemble, or to gather. At school dances, you may congregate with your friends, because you get nervous in front of kids you don't know very well.
Congregate comes from Latin root words com, meaning "together" and gregare, meaning "to gather in a flock." Congregation, or a gathering or assembly, comes from the same roots, as does gregarious, an adjective describing someone who likes to gather with others to socialize. If you remember the key word is flock — what ministers often call their congregations — you should have no trouble remembering congregate means to flock together.
WORD FAMILY
congregate: congregated, congregates, congregating, congregation +/congregating: congregatings/ congregation: congregational, congregations/congregational: congregationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Between classes, teachers congregate in hallways and share progress about students.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And an existing state law prohibits loitering in areas where children congregate.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Every winter, great white sharks swim for 30 to 40 days to congregate at a particular spot halfway between Mexico and Hawaii.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使集合，聚集
adj. 聚集的，集合的; 集体的; 集团的
时态：congregated, congregating, congregates
分布：聚集(76%)，集合(15%)，使集合(7%)，集体的(2%)
→con-, 强调。-greg, 集合，词源同aggregate, egregious.
集合的,聚集的(con+greg集合＋ate→集合到一起→聚集的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
聚集(con共同+greg+ate→共同集会)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】con共同，greg群体－共同聚成群体－集合con共同，GRE，gate门：考GRE的同学们共同聚集在美国大使馆的门前示威：取缔GRE！还我2400！！
【参】aggregate（n /v 聚集，合计）；gregarious（adj 社交的；群居的）
US ['kɑ:ŋ-] verb intransitive
■to come together in a large group of people or animals 聚集，集合
• A crowd congregated around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show. 一群人聚集在戏院门口，希望能看一眼演出的明星。
vt. [植] 聚集
 - gather round, heap upon, hoard up
vi. [植] 聚集
 - concentrate, collect, mass, crowd, gather round

Word: accuser
Front: accuser
[ə'kju:zə(r)] (雅 12584/23013)
Back: n. 原告
分布：原告(81%)，控告者(16%)，职责者(3%)
N-COUNT
指责者；（尤指）控告者
An accuser is a person who says that another person has done something wrong, especially that he or she has committed a crime.
例：...a criminal proceeding where defendants have the right to confront their accusers.被告有权与原告对质的一种刑事诉讼
n. 原告； [法] 控告者；指责者
 - plaintiff, claimant

Word: pinnacle
Front: pinnacle
[ˈpɪnəkl] (托雅宝 12574/11823 -1)
Vocabulary: pinnacle
(once / 1407 pages)
nv
Going as far into the sky as you can go on foot, you'll reach the highest point, or pinnacle, of the Himalayas. A successful climb like that might also become the pinnacle, or peak, of your success.
Two synonyms for pinnacle also start with the letter "p," "peak" and "point." A pinnacle can be a physical thing, like the top of a high mountain or the antenna on the very top of a building, or it can be a high point that can’t be measured with a ruler, like an achievement or a goal. Whatever the pinnacle is, reaching it is almost always a completion of something where you have gone the highest you can go. "Acme" is a great synonym for pinnacle.
WORD FAMILY
pinnacle: pinnacled, pinnacles
USAGE EXAMPLES
To devotees of British comic opera, “The Mikado” is one of the pinnacles of the genre.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Clattenburg reached the pinnacle of his profession the hard way.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Here’s the story of his journey to the pinnacle of the global church.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 顶峰; 顶点; 尖顶; [建]（哥德式建筑的）小尖塔
vt. 为…加尖塔; 把…放在高处
时态：pinnacled, pinnacling, pinnacles
分布：小尖塔(29%)，高峰(28%)，尖峰(25%)，造小尖塔(12%)，放置高处(6%)
→来自古法语pinacle,顶点，来自拉丁语pinnaculum,山峰，峰顶，来自pinna,箭，尖刺，来自spei,尖刺，词源同spike,pin.
尖塔(pinn尖+acle)[-acle表名词"…物品,状态"]
顶峰,尖顶[pinn=peak(顶)]
【记】pin大头针，nacle－像大头针一样的东西－山峰
【参】pinpoint（v 精确定位）像大头针一样定位
【反】low point（低处）
noun
SUCCESS 成功
countable usually singular
■the most successful or admired part of a system or achievement 极点；顶点，顶峰
• By the age of thirty-two she had reached the pinnacle of her career. 她在32岁时事业达到巅峰。
['pɪn.ə.kl] noun
TOP 顶点
countable
■a small pointed tower on top of a building, or the top part of a mountain （建筑物的）尖顶，小尖塔；山顶
• literary The pinnacles of the Himalayas were visible above the clouds. 喜马拉雅山脉的诸峰显现在云端之上。
n. 高峰；小尖塔；尖峰；极点
 - pole, climax

Word: revoke
Front: revoke
[rɪˈvəʊk] (托 12572/12129 -1)
Vocabulary: revoke
(once / 855 pages)
1v 2vn
When you revoke something, you officially cancel it, like when you revoke your sister's "coolest sibling" award because she shows your friends funny pictures of you from when you were little.
The verb revoke comes from the Latin word revocare, meaning "to call back or rescind." Licenses, wills, and privileges are three things that can be revoked. The verb also has a meaning specific to card- playing. If the rules state that you have to follow suit, but you accidentally play trump instead, you have revoked or reneged. If other players notice your mistake, you have to take the card back.
WORD FAMILY
revoke: revocable, revocation, revokable, revoked, revokes, revoking+/ irrevocable: irrevocably /revocable: irrevocable / revocation: revocations/ revokable: irrevokable
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lawsuit started when the planning commission revoked a permit.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In revoking an official’s commission that was issued after Senate confirmation, the president is negating a specific and official Senate act.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Still, Pugh’s probation was not revoked, sparing him from a year in jail.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 撤销，取消; 废除
vi. 有牌不跟
时态：revoked, revoking, revokes
分布：藏牌(100%)
→re-,向后，往回，-vok,说话，词源同 voice,invoke.引申词义撤消，废除。
取消,撤回(re回+vok+e→喊回来→取消)[voc,vok=call,voice表示"叫喊,声音"]
【记】re反，voke喊一反喊一取消；废除
【参】revocable（adj 可废除的）
【反】empower（v 授权与）－revoke the authority（废除权威）
US [-'voʊk] formal
verb transitive
■to say officially that an agreement, permission, a law, etc. is no longer in effect 撤销；废除；解除
• The authorities have revoked their original decision to allow development of this rural area. 当局原来决定允许开发这一乡村地区，但现在他们已经收回成命。
vt. 撤回，取消；废除
 - recall, unsay

Word: smug
Front: smug
[smʌg] (托宝 12560/12330 -1)
Vocabulary: smug
(once / 3532 pages)
adj
A smug person is self-satisfied. You can usually recognize someone who is pleased with himself by his smug little smile and self-righteous remarks.
Smug is the opposite of modest and unsure. In cartoons, the smug character often walks around with his chest puffed out and his ego leading the way. “Too much good fortune can make you smug and unaware,” thought Rachel Field, the children’s author. What she means is that successes are appreciated much more when they don't come so often that you begin to feel entitled to them.
WORD FAMILY
smug: smugger, smuggest, smugly, smugness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also disturbing, however, is the broader tone with which Powell delivered that warranted exposure — smug, arrogant and demeaning.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
In the new series, Cumberbatch’s detective is less of the irritatingly smug know-it-all we saw in earlier episodes.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Within Washington’s smug bubble, the only possible qualification for secretary of state is being a politician or a professor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 自鸣得意的; 自以为是的; 整洁的; 体面的
n. 自命不凡的人，沾沾自喜的人; 书呆子
级别：smugger, smuggest
分布：沾沾自喜的(40%)，自鸣得意的(38%)，整洁的(22%)
→来自中古低地德语 smuk, 整洁的， 优雅的， 漂亮的， 来自 smucken, 装饰， 修饰， 来自 Proto-Germanic*smeugana,滑进，溜进，来自 smeug,滑动，词源同 smock,smug.词义贬义 化为沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的。
【记】s死在mug大杯子里面－因为太自命不凡了，喝得太高了。
[smʌg] (smugger, smuggest) disapproving
adjective
■too pleased or satisfied about something you have achieved or something you know 沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的
• a smug grin 洋洋得意的笑
• She deserved her promotion, but I wish she wasn't so damned smug about it. 她应该得到晋升，但我希望她对此不要那么沾沾自喜。
• There was a hint of smug self-satisfaction in her voice. 她的言语中流露出一丝自鸣得意。
• He's been unbearably smug since he gave up smoking. 他戒烟之后，那个得意的样子简直让人难以忍受。
adj. 自鸣得意的；自以为是的；整洁的
 - neat, self-righteous
n. 书呆子；自命不凡的家伙
 - bookworm, wonk

Word: compilation
Front: compilation
[ˌkɒmpɪˈleɪʃn] (12566/10153 -1)
Vocabulary: compilation
(once / 2639 pages)
n
A compilation is a collection. You might have enough fascinating stories about compasses to publish your own compilation of the best. You'd have to find some other compass enthusiasts to buy it though.
Coming from the 15th century Latin compilationem “that which is compiled,” a compilation is a grouping or anthology of similar items. A music compilation brings together different artists and songs on a playlist. One can gather essays on a similar topic to organize a compilation for a book. And as President Franklin D. Roosevelt noted, the Constitution itself is "the most marvelously elastic compilation of rules of government ever written.”
WORD FAMILY
compilation: compilations+/ compile: compilation, compiled, compiler, compiles, compiling/compiler: compilers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also put together “Bedrock 18 — Signals,” a multiartist compilation on three discs.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
For record companies, compilations differ from playlists in a number of key ways.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
His introspective “Dark Sacred Night” is a compilation of Christmas music he’s recorded over the past 14 years.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 编辑; 汇编
分布：编辑(53%)，编写(42%)，汇集(5%)
US [ˌkɑ:m-] noun
uncountable
■the act of compiling something 汇编；编纂；编辑；编制
• A team of four were involved in the compilation of the book. 一个四人小组参与了这本书的编写工作。
countable
■a book, CD, etc. that has been made from several separate parts （书、光碟等的）汇编，辑，集
• a compilation of their greatest hits 他们的最热门歌曲选辑
n. [计] 编辑
 - editor, redaction

Word: forgo
Front: forgo
[fɔ:'ɡəʊ] (宝 12568/18571)
Vocabulary: forgo
(once / 5680 pages)
1v 2v
The verb forgo means to give up or lose the right to something.
The word forgo can be traced back to the Old English word forgān, which meant to pass away or to die, which is sometimes referred to as "giving up the ghost." Perhaps it was this idea of relinquishing something that led to our modern-day use of the word forgo to mean to give up, waive, or forfeit something. For example, someone charged with a crime might decide to forgo the right to remain silent and instead confess.
WORD FAMILY
forgo: forgoing, forgone, forwent
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams announced after the TaxSlayer Bowl on Saturday that he plans to forgo his senior season and enter the NFL draft.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Leonard Fournette's recent decision to forgo his final bowl game is a letdown to his teammates, family and school, not to mention the public.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The fun outweighs any future funds they might forgo.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 没有也行，放弃
时态：forwent, forgone, forgoing, forgoes
分布：放弃(95%)，弃绝(4%)，对...断念(1%)
→for-, 完全的。go, 走，离开。引申词义放弃，弃绝。
【记】for，go：为了走出国门，只好放弃女友和男友了
US [fɔ:r'goʊ] (forgoing, forwent, forgone) (also forego) formal
verb transitive
■to not have or do something enjoyable 放弃，摒绝（令人愉悦之物）
• I shall have to forgo the pleasure of seeing you this week. 这周我只好放弃与您相见的那份荣幸了。
vt. 放弃；停止；对…断念
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: dizzying
Front: dizzying
[ˈdɪziɪŋ] (托 12578/23670)
Back: adj. 令人昏乱的，灿烂的
v. 使人眩晕的( dizzy的现在分词 ); 头昏眼花的; 引起头晕的; 愚蠢的
分布：极快的(39%)，令人眩晕的(31%)，令人迷惑的(10%)，动词dizzy的现在分词(10%)，极高的(10%)
adjective
FEELING 感觉
■causing you to feel dizzy 令人头晕目眩的，让人眩晕的
• a dizzying display of acrobatics 让人眼花缭乱的杂技表演
['dɪz.i.ɪŋ] adjective
QUALITY 质量
■very fast or confusing 极快的；令人极为困惑的
• The dizzying pace of political change in the country caught many people by surprise. 这个国家的政治变革快得让很多人感到吃惊。
adj. 令人昏乱的；极快的；灿烂的
 - brilliant, splendid

Word: tame
Front: tame
[teɪm] (研四六托雅宝 10816/11503 -1)
Vocabulary: tame
(once / 370 pages)
adjv
If something is tame, it cannot surprise or injure you. It’s predictable. Tame can be used as an adjective or verb. A circus lion is tame (adjective) because it’s been tamed (verb). A “lion-tamer” beat the wildness out of it.
Sometimes tame isn’t fun — and not just for the bears who ride bicycles under the Big Top. Tame isn’t appealing when you’re going on a rollercoaster or seeing a fireworks display. If a friend tells you a concert is tame, will you rush out for tickets? Tame, however, is not all bad. Some people take anger management courses to learn to “tame their tempers.” Others work to “tame their tongues” after hurting another person with a careless comment.
WORD FAMILY
tame: tamable, tameable, tamed, tamely, tameness, tamer, tames, tamest, taming+/tamed: untamed/tamer: tamers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Phototherapy, which uses ultraviolet light to tame inflammation, is an option, too.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Although set in Australia with vivid wilderness descriptions, his theme that you “attempt to tame nature at your peril” is universal.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Cue Card tamed him with ease and was 15 lengths clear at the line.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 驯服的; 平淡的; 无精打采的
v. 驯服; 抑制
时态：tamed, taming, tames
分布：驯服的(40%)，驯养(25%)，乏味的(13%)，使驯服(8%)，压制(6%)，变得驯服(6%)，柔顺的(2%)
→来自古英语 tam,驯服的，畜养的，来自 Proto-Germanic*tamaz,驯服，畜养，来自 deme, 驯服，畜养，来自 dem,家，家园，词源同 domicile,domesticate,adamant.
a.驯服的,温顺的;沉闷的,乏味的vt.驯服The tame tigers play the same game on the frame.温顺的老虎在框架上玩同一游戏.
【反】racy（adj 保持原味的；活泼的）
adjective
NOT WILD 温顺的
 ADVANCED
■(especially of animals) not wild or dangerous, either naturally or because of training or long involvement with humans （尤指动物）温顺的，驯化的
• After a few months' contact the monkeys become very tame. 经过几个月的接触，那些猴子变得非常温顺了。
[teɪm] adjective
NOT EXCITING 不令人兴奋的 disapproving
■not interesting or exciting 平淡的，乏味的
• It was a tame film in comparison to some that she's made. 较她之前拍摄的其他一些影片，这一部显得平淡乏味。
[teɪm] verb transitive
■to make a wild animal tame 驯化，驯服（动物）
■to control something dangerous or powerful 控制，制服；驾驭
• He'll need to tame his temper if he wants to succeed. 如果他想取得成功，就得改改自己的脾气。
adj. 驯服的；平淡的；乏味的；顺从的
 - stupid, docile
vt. 驯养；使变得平淡；制服
 - domesticate, bring under

Word: manifesto
Front: manifesto
[ˌmænɪˈfestəʊ] (宝 12540/6596 -2)
Vocabulary: manifesto
(once / 1850 pages)
n
A manifesto is a public statement stating your views or your intention to do something. If you feel you should be voted "Most Likely to Succeed," you could issue a manifesto describing all the reasons why you deserve to win.
Manifesto comes from the Italian word of the same spelling, meaning "public declaration explaining past actions and announcing the motive for forthcoming ones." You'll most often hear about a manifesto that's been issued by a group, like a political party or government — for example, a set of new rules that an incoming regime is going to enforce. Though organizations are more likely to create a manifesto, it's also possible for an individual to issue one about more personal ideas.
WORD FAMILY
manifesto: manifestoes, manifestos
USAGE EXAMPLES
You may also remember him from a citation in South Carolina church mass murderer Dylann Roof’s manifesto.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
In the German artist Julian Rosefeldt’s latest film installation, snippets of manifestoes by 20th-century aesthetic rebels emanate from 13 large, luminous screens.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
His breakout tape Savage Mode is his manifesto, unmasking him as a glock-firing, heartless villain looking for marks.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 宣言; 声明; 告示
vi. 〈罕〉发表宣言[声明]
分布：宣言(86%)，声明(12%)，发表宣言(2%)
→来自意大利语manifesto,证据，公共声明，词源同manifest.引申词义宣言。
宣言,声明(manifest显示,证明)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
US [-toʊ] noun countable (plural manifestos or manifestoes)
■a written statement of the beliefs, aims and policies of an organization, especially a political party （尤指政党的）宣言
• In their election manifesto, the Liberal Democrats proposed increasing taxes to pay for improvements in education. 在竞选宣言中，自由民主党提出增加税收以支付改善教育所需的费用。
n. 宣言；声明；告示
 - statement, profession

Word: transatlantic
Front: transatlantic
[ˌtrænzətˈlæntɪk] (12565/14188 -1)
Vocabulary: transatlantic
(once / 3545 pages)
adj
If you fly from New York to Paris, you can describe the flight as transatlantic, since you'll be crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
Anything that crosses the Atlantic Ocean can be called transatlantic, though the word usually refers to a commercial airplane flight. Cruise ships have transatlantic crossings, and shipping companies sometimes deliver goods via transatlantic routes. The word transatlantic simply adds the Latin prefix trans, "through or across," to the word atlantic.
WORD FAMILY
transatlantic: transatlantically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“And the ‘west’ as a transatlantic cultural formation is disintegrating before our eyes.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
"It was a Transatlantic borrowing really," he told me.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
The two sides hoped to resolve the dispute in a trade agreement, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 大西洋彼岸的; 横跨大西洋的; 美国的
分布：横渡大西洋的(51%)，大西洋彼岸的(43%)，大西洋国家的(6%)
→tran-,横穿，Atlantic,大西洋。
US [-zæt'læn.ɪk] adjective
■crossing the Atlantic ocean, or relating to countries on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean 横越大西洋的；大西洋两岸国家的
• transatlantic flights 横越大西洋的飞行
• a transatlantic telephone call 来自大西洋彼岸的电话
adj. 大西洋彼岸的，横渡大西洋的；美国的
 - American

Word: renaissance
Front: renaissance
[rɪ'neɪs(ə)ns] (研六托雅 11032/5428 -2)
Back: n. 文艺复兴; 文艺复兴时期; 文艺复兴时期（欧洲 14、15 和 16 世纪时，人们以古希腊罗马的思想文化来繁荣文学艺术）; （某一学科或艺术形式等衰落后的）复兴
分布：文艺复兴(85%)，再生(15%)
→来自古法语 renaissance,重生，再生，来自拉丁语 renasci,重生，再生，来自 re-,再，重新，nasci, 生育，出生，来自 gene,生育，词源同 natal,nascent,gene.引申词义文艺复兴。
n.文艺复兴(时期);新生,复兴Renaissance painters.文艺复兴时期的画家.
【记】re反复，nai奶，ssance：反复吃奶－新生儿－复兴
【参】renascent（adj 新生的；复兴的）
US ['ren.ə.sɑ:nts] noun only singular
■a new growth of activity or interest in something, especially art, literature or music （尤指艺术、文学或音乐的）复兴
• Opera in Britain is enjoying a long-awaited renaissance. 在英国戏剧正在复兴，这是人们期待已久的好事。
n. 复兴；新生；复活
 - reconstruction, fresh, revival, renewal

Word: puberty
Front: puberty
[ˈpju:bəti] (宝 12576/15919 -1)
Vocabulary: puberty
(once / 4119 pages)
n
Puberty is a time of life when your sex organs start working like an adult's. During puberty, girls and boys start to become women and men.
One of the most difficult yet exciting times in life has to be puberty: it's an awkward period between childhood and adulthood when your body rapidly changes. You go through a growth spurt, hair sprouts in new places. Your sex organs start to work for the first time. Hormones are coursing through your veins. Your voice may change. So when you think of puberty, think "awkward stage."
WORD FAMILY
puberty: prepuberty, pubertal+/prepuberty: prepubertal
USAGE EXAMPLES
I thought I was trying to manage my weight, but what I was trying to manage was puberty.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Many believe that their Islamic religion instructs fathers to marry off their daughters at puberty.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There is a very sacred puberty ceremony, for example, of adolescent girls running in different directions to pay respect to nature.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 青春期，春情发动期; 开花期; 发身
分布：春情发动期(100%)
→来自拉丁语pubes的所有格形式pubertis,长大的，成年的，有男子汉气概的，-y,名词后缀。引申词义青春期。
【记】puber成年的，ty－进入成年的－青春期源于：liberty（n 自由）puberty的人都想liberty
US [-bɚ.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the stage in a person's life when they develop from a child into an adult because of changes in their body that make them able to have children 青春期
• At puberty, pubic hair develops and girls begin to menstruate. 青春期时，阴毛开始生长，女孩开始月经来潮。
n. [生理] 青春期；开花期
 - adolescence, youthhood

Word: pendulum
Front: pendulum
[ˈpendjələm] (研六托雅宝 12582/14260 -1)
Vocabulary: pendulum
(once / 2110 pages)
n
A pendulum is something hanging and swinging freely from a fixed point. A grandfather clock might use for timekeeping a pendulum that swings back and forth.
Pendulum comes from the Latin word pendulous, meaning "hanging down." If someone hangs a pocket watch in front of you and swings it back and forth, saying, "You're getting very sleepy," they're mimicking the movement of a pendulum. We also use the word pendulum to describe a situation moving between two poles or across a spectrum, like the balance of power in a multiparty political system.
WORD FAMILY
pendulum: pendulums
USAGE EXAMPLES
The work will cost £29m and involve repairs to the clock's hands, mechanism and pendulum.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
The work, which will begin early in the new year, will cost £29m and involve repairs to the clock's hands, mechanism and pendulum.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
“The pendulum, in my opinion, is already moving back to the left.”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 摆，钟摆; 摇摆不定的事态（或局面）
分布：钟摆(84%)，摆锤(14%)，摇摆不定(2%)
→来自拉丁语pendulum,悬挂物，来自拉丁语pendere,悬挂，称量，支付，来自spend,*spen,拉，伸，词源同dependent,pension.
钟摆(pend+ulum东西→摆着的东西→钟摆)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
n.摆,钟摆His comprehensive apprehension about the appendix of the pendulum is obvious.他的广泛的关于这个摆的附录的忧虑明显.
【记】pend挂，ulum－挂的东西－钟摆
US [-dʒə.ləm] noun
countable
■a device consisting of a weight on a stick or thread which moves from one side to the other, especially one which forms a part of some types of clocks 摆，摆锤；（尤指）钟摆
• The pendulum in the grandfather clock swung back and forth. 落地钟的钟摆来回摆动。
• The spaceship's jets were fired periodically to dampen a side-to-side pendulum motion that had developed. 太空船的喷射装置周期性地喷射，以减缓太空船出现的左右摇摆现象。
only singular
■a change, especially from one opinion to an opposite one 摇摆不定的事态或局面；（尤指）观点的摇摆不定
• As so often in education, the pendulum has swung back to the other extreme and testing is popular again. 人们的观点又回到了另一个极端，考试又流行起来了，这种摇摆不定的现象在教育界经常出现。

Word: reverberate
Front: reverberate
[rɪˈvɜ:bəreɪt] (托宝 12585/18558 -1)
Vocabulary: reverberate
(once / 1907 pages)
v
If you give a loud shout in a cavernous place, like a gym or a church, the sound of your voice will reverberate throughout the room. Reverberate means sound waves traveling back and forth, as in an echo.
Often we use reverberate to talk about sound, or sometimes light. If a noise echoes for a long time, we can say the space reverberates with that noise. You may have heard of a reverb effect in audio processing, which is basically a long echo. We also use the word metaphorically to describe the impact of huge events. For example, the 2008 mortgage crisis in the US reverberated throughout the world’s economy, causing a global recession.
WORD FAMILY
reverberate: reverberated, reverberates, reverberating, reverberation, reverberative+/ reverberation: reverberations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Andrew” describes Scorsese’s new film as “a meditation and a prayer”, an experience that is still “reverberating” for him.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Well, the boom was louder than expected…and should continue to reverberate for years.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
That can’t help but reverberate through the culture, changing our sense of what is possible for women.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 回响; 弹回; 反射
vt. 使回响; 使反射; 使回弹
时态：reverberated, reverberating, reverberates
分布：反响(45%)，回响(30%)，反射(25%)
→来自拉丁语 reverberare,打回，弹回，驱逐，来自 re-,向后，往回，verberare,击打，鞭打，来 自 verber,鞭子，树枝，来自 wer,弯，转，绕，词源同 warp,wring.后引申比喻义回响，回 荡。
起回声,反响(re+verber震动＋ate→重新震动→起回声)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
【记】re反，verber打退，ate－声音反打回来－起回声re反复，verber＝verbal（adj 文字上的），ate：返回文字－有回响
US [-'vɝ:.bɚ.eɪt] verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive literary
■If a loud deep sound reverberates, it continues to be heard around an area, so that the area seems to shake 回响，回荡
• The narrow street reverberated with/to the sound of the workmen's drills. 狭窄的街道上回荡着工人施工的电钻声。
UK [rɪ'vɜ:.bər.eɪt] US [-'vɝ:.bɚ.eɪt] verb
EFFECT 影响
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■If an event or idea reverberates somewhere, it has an effect on everyone or everything in a place or group 震撼；产生广泛影响
• News of the disaster reverberated around the organization. 灾难的噩耗传来，组织内所有人震惊不已。
• The surge in US share prices reverberated across the globe. 美国股价飙升，影响波及全世界。
vt. 使回响；使反射；使弹回
 - rebound
vi. 回响；反响；弹回；不断发生后效
 - ring, sound
adj. 回响的；反射的
 - reflected, catoptric

Word: silicone
Front: silicone
[ˈsɪlɪkəʊn] (12538/16439 -1)
Back: n. 硅树脂; （聚）硅酮
分布：硅酮(100%)
→silica,硅石，-one,酮。
US [-koʊn] noun uncountable
■any of a number of compounds of silicon that are used in making artificial rubber, paint, polish , varnish , etc. 硅酮；硅基树脂； 硅胶

Word: bumpy
Front: bumpy
[ˈbʌmpi] (12588/14672 -1)
Vocabulary: bumpy
(once / 7965 pages)
adj
Bumpy means not smooth, as in covered in lumps and bumps, like a bumpy path that makes your car bounce, or a bumpy road to getting your parents to lend you the car.
Anything covered in bumps is bumpy, whether it’s a road, the skin of a toad, or the surface of the birthday cake you made for your brother. It can also describe a ride full of unexpected jolts and bumps: "It was a bumpy journey along the mountain passes in her Jeep." Figuratively, bumpy can also describe a difficult process: "What a bumpy ride that was, getting my visa to travel to China!"
WORD FAMILY
bumpy: bumpier, bumpiest, bumpily, bumpiness+/ bump: bumped, bumper, bumping, bumps, bumpy / bumper: bumpers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because health reform, President Obama’s signature achievement, is stabilizing after a bumpy year.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But things got bumpy on campus in Norman.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Unless the company ends up with its own quasi-monopoly, grabbing a big chunk of that back for investors may prove a very bumpy road.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 崎岖的; 颠簸的; 气流不稳的
级别：bumpier, bumpiest
分布：颠簸的(56%)，崎岖不平的(44%)
adjective
■not smooth 颠簸的
• We drove along a narrow, bumpy road. 我们行驶在崎岖不平的小路上。
• It might be a bumpy flight (= an uncomfortable and rough flight) because there's a lot of air turbulence ahead. 这次飞行可能会颠得不舒服，因为前面有许多气流。
['bʌm.pi] adjective
have a bumpy ride informal
■to have a difficult time 经历困难；处境艰难
• She's had a bumpy ride at work over the last few months. 过去的几个月里，她在工作上很不顺利。
adj. 颠簸的；崎岖不平的
 - jouncy, jolty

Word: rotary
Front: rotary
[ˈrəʊtəri] (研四六 12580/12122 -1)
Vocabulary: rotary
(once / 5334 pages)
1adjn 2n
Anything rotary has a circular form, like an old-fashioned phone. A rotary is also a traffic circle.
Just as the Earth rotates around the sun, rotary objects move in a circle or orbit. A rotary telephone has a circular dial that turns, and a rotary mower has a cutting blade that moves in a circular motion. A type of street where traffic flows in a circle — sometimes called a roundabout — can also be called a rotary. The word stems from the Latin word rotarius, "pertaining to wheels," from its root word rota, or "wheel."
WORD FAMILY
rotary: rotaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city of Wichita thought the rotary jail was the most secure jail built, Bayens said.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Other automakers also use electronic rotary shifters, but the fact that they're different from conventional shifters seems to confuse drivers.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Lockheed’s rotary and mission systems business unit, which handles the bulk of its semiconductor work, spent a year preparing for the investment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 旋转的
n. 旋转式机器; 环行交叉路
分布：旋转的(87%)，旋转式机器(9%)，环形交叉路(4%)
→来自拉丁语 rota,轮子，来自 ret,旋转，转动，词源同 round,roll,rotate.
a.旋转的The rotary agitator irrigated him.旋转的鼓动者可灌溉的他.
US ['roʊ.tˌɚ-] adjective
■(of a machine) having a part that moves around in a circle （机器）有旋转部件的；旋转式的
• a rotary engine 旋转式引擎
adj. [机] 旋转的，转动的；轮流的
 - rolling, revolutionary

Word: embellish
Front: embellish
[ɪmˈbelɪʃ] (托宝 12591/14669 -1)
Vocabulary: embellish
(once / 1259 pages)
v
The word "bell" shows up in the middle of embellish, and bells are something that decorate, or embellish something, making it more attractive. If you embellish speech, though, it can get ugly if you add a lot of details that aren't true.
Embellish often has the positive meaning of adding something to make it more handsome or beautifully decorated. But, while adding bells to something looks great at first, after a couple of hours of bells ringing in the ears, what was meant to embellish and beautify can get annoying. That's what can happen when you embellish by adding too many false or exaggerated details to a story. Embellishing with true, colorful details and vivid descriptions is what can really enhance the beauty of a story.
WORD FAMILY
embellish: embellished, embellishes, embellishing, embellishment +/embellished: unembellished/ embellishment: embellishments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the process, we unknowingly embellish reality and create fictions.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the historically accurate version Dava Sobel tells in her careful and detailed style, the past is neither sanitized nor embellished.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Yet among the strongest entries are Judith Coady's abstract monotypes, whose vertical oil-pigment stripes are embellished with pencil and silver leaf.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 装饰; 润色; 修饰
vi. 装饰起来; 加以润色
时态：embellished, embellishing, embellishes
分布：美化、装饰或修饰(50%)，渲染或添枝加叶(50%)
→em-, 进入，使。-bell，美丽，词源同 belle, beauty.
装饰(em+bell美好＋ish→进入美好→装饰)[em-,en-①表示"进入…之中,包围"②表示"使…进入状态"]
装饰(em进入+bell美丽+ish)[-ish 1.表形容词"像…一样,有的..."通常放在一具体名词后2.表动词"造成…"3.表示"国家的或语言"]
装饰(em使+bell+使-美好)[bell=fine(美好)]
【记】belle（n 美女）读：贝勒（清代贵族的世袭封爵）身边美女如云bellish读：白理石－大理石的一种用来装饰
verb transitive
■to make something more beautiful or interesting by adding something to it 装饰，修饰；给…锦上添花，渲染
• The ceiling was embellished with flowers and leaves. 天花板上装饰着花和叶。
• He couldn't resist embellishing the story of his accident a little. 在描述他出的那次意外时，他忍不住添油加醋地渲染了一番。
vt. 修饰；装饰；润色
 - paint, hang, modify

Word: downfall
Front: downfall
[ˈdaʊnfɔ:l] (12590/11133 -1)
Vocabulary: downfall
(once / 1316 pages)
n
A downfall is a sudden drop in status or strength. You might be winning at Monopoly until your opponents decide to team up against you, which leads to your downfall.
Poor political decisions can result in the downfall of a government or party, and an economic depression can lead to the downfall of businesses and banks. A more literal, but less common, kind of downfall is when rain or snow falls down to the ground: "The downfall of snow will make the roads slippery tonight." The "decline in strength" meaning has been in use since the 14th century.
WORD FAMILY
downfall: downfalls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wartford, hamstrung by injuries, looked exhausted and contributed to its own downfall with poor defending.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sunday’s poll: What was the biggest factor in the Huskies’ downfall against Alabama?
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Her critics say she brought about her own downfall.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （雨等的）大下特下; （家，国等的）没落; 垮台
分布：垮台(93%)，衰落的原因(5%)，暴雨(2%)
US [-fɑ:l] noun only singular
■(something that causes) the usually sudden destruction of a person, organization or government and their loss of power, money or health 衰败；倒台，垮台；垮掉的原因
• Rampant corruption brought about the downfall of the government. 腐败横行导致政府垮台。
• In the end, it was the continual drinking that was his downfall. 不断酗酒最终搞垮了他的身体。
n. 垮台；衰败；落下；大雨
 - corrosion, falling, drop

Word: laden
Front: laden
[ˈleɪdn] (雅 11041/19525 -1)
Vocabulary: laden
(once / 461 pages)
1adjv 2adjv
Something that is laden is weighted down by something heavy, like an apple tree that's laden with fruit.
Laden comes from the Old English word hladan, meaning "to load, heap." Think of the related word ladle, a big scoop you dip into something, such as soup or hot fudge. Laden can be a verb that describes using a ladle or otherwise filling or loading something up, like a teacher who ladens students with homework. Laden can be an adjective that describes the feeling of burden or stress from all that work.
WORD FAMILY
laden: ladened, ladenly, ladens, overladen+/lade: laden, lades, lading, unlade/lading: ladings/unlade: unladed, unlades, unlading
USAGE EXAMPLES
He bemoans the dependence of most Americans on processed foods and meals prepared by many stores and restaurants that are laden with unhealthful ingredients.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“One year ago, from a base here in Afghanistan, our troops launched the operation that killed Osama bin Laden,” he said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The most controversial is the bin Laden versus USA video game.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 满载的，负载的; 受压迫的
vt. 装载(lade的过去分词)
时态：laded, laden, lading, lades
分布：装满的(64%)，装载的(18%)，负担重的(18%)
→来自lade,装载。
adjective
■carrying or holding a lot of something 负重的；装满的，载满的
• He always comes back from France laden with presents for everyone. 他从法国回来总是给大家带很多礼物。
• The table, as always, was laden with food. 与以往一样，桌子上摆满了食物。
adj. 负载的；装满的；苦恼的
 - filled, strait
vt. 装载（等于lade）
 - onload, stow
vi. 装载（等于lade）
 - load, charge up

Word: appreciative
Front: appreciative
[əˈpri:ʃətɪv] (12559/13997 -1)
Vocabulary: appreciative
(once / 1740 pages)
adj
If you do a friend a favor, your friend will probably be appreciative, meaning grateful. Use appreciative to describe words and actions that are positive, either out of gratitude or respect.
If you know that appreciation is a type of respect and admiration, then you won't be surprised by the meanings of appreciative. Children should be appreciative of everything their parents do to take care of them. We can also say a positive review is appreciative, showing that the critic likes and appreciates the subject of the review. Appreciative words and gestures are always positive and respectful.
WORD FAMILY
appreciative: appreciatively, appreciativeness, unappreciative+/ appreciable: appreciably, inappreciable/ appreciate: appreciable, appreciated, appreciates, appreciating, appreciation, appreciative, appreciator/ appreciated: unappreciated / appreciation: appreciations/appreciator: appreciators/inappreciable: inappreciably/unappreciative: unappreciatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Mike is very appreciative but very particular,” she said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The hunters eat this final course with appreciative silence.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“I’m appreciative of the hard work and dedication shown by our staff to put on two NFL games in 24 hours.”
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 感激的; 有欣赏力的; 表示赞赏的
分布：感激的(100%)
有欣赏力的(appreciate+ive)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
感谢的;赞赏的(appreciate欣赏)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
感谢的(ap+preci价值...给予价值)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■showing that you understand how good something is, or are grateful for something 有鉴赏力的；感激的
• It's nice to have an appreciative audience. 为有欣赏力的观众表演感觉很好。
• I'm very appreciative of all the support you've given me. 你一直那么支持我，我非常感激。
appreciative, grateful
这组词都有“感谢的、感激的”的意思，其区别是：
appreciative: 与greatful基本同义，但语气较强，侧重以行动或言语来感谢。
grateful: 普通用词，侧重因对方的恩惠、好意或帮助，从内心产生的感激之情。
adj. 感激的；赏识的；有欣赏力的；承认有价值的
 - obliged, indebted

Word: steamy
Front: steamy
[ˈsti:mi] (12594/19810 -1)
Back: adj. 蒸汽的，充满水汽的; 雾重的，潮湿的; 色情的
分布：潮湿的(65%)，色情的(25%)，蒸汽多的(10%)
→steam,蒸汽，水气，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■filled with steam, or hot and wet like steam 充满蒸汽的；热而潮湿的
• steamy summer weather 闷热潮湿的夏季天气
• a steamy kitchen/bathroom 蒸汽弥漫的厨房／浴室
■informal
■sexually exciting or including a lot of sexual activity 色情的
• a steamy love scene 火辣的性爱场面
• His new novel is advertised as his steamiest yet. 他的新小说被宣传为他迄今为止最为色情的一部。
adj. 蒸汽的；雾重的，潮湿的；充满蒸汽的
 - wet, humid

Word: reintroduce
Front: reintroduce
[ˌri:ɪntrəˈdju:s] (12597/11619)
Back: vt. 再引入，再提出
时态：reintroduced, reintroducing, reintroduces
分布：再介绍(33%)，再引入(27%)，再提出(20%)，再输入(20%)
→re-,再，重新，introduce,引进。

Word: twelfth
Front: twelfth
[twelfθ] (中高 12592/6150 -4)
Back: n. 第十二; 十二分之一
adj. 第十二的; 第十二个的; 十二分之一的
分布：十二分之一的(31%)，第十二(28%)，第十二的(23%)，第十二音(9%)，十二日(9%)
ordinal number
■12th written as a word 第十二（的）
[twelfθ] noun countable
■one of twelve equal parts of something 十二分之一（某物十二等份之其一）
adj. 第十二的，第十二个的；十二分之一的
 - dozenth

Word: adversely
Front: adversely
[æd'vɜ:slɪ] (托 12569/10170)
Vocabulary: adversely
(once / 10137 pages)
adv
When something affects you adversely, it's harmful or negative. Holding a cinder block will adversely affect your running speed.
When you talk about things that are acting adversely, they are harming something or holding it back in some way. Not getting enough sleep will adversely affect your performance in school. Rain will adversely affect an outdoor wedding. Anything that's making things worse instead of better is adversely influencing the situation. Adversely means something close to badly or harmfully. So when you see this word, you know something is going wrong.
WORD FAMILY
adverse: adversely, adversity +/ adversity: adversities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most use Jordan as the archetype, doing and saying nothing that might adversely affect their image.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Such policies discourage lending by squeezing margins, widen disparities in income distribution, adversely affect savers and increase the volatility of the dollar.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
While few people are expected to die of starvation, millions of children will be malnourished, and this will adversely affect their education and long-term health.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 逆地，反对地; 不利地; 有害地
分布：不利地(60%)，逆向地(20%)，有害地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
不利的;有害的
Adverse decisions, conditions, or effects are unfavourable to you.
例：The police said Mr Hadfield's decision would have no adverse effect on the progress of the investigation...警方称哈德菲尔德先生的决定将不会对调查的进展造成不利影响。
例：Despite the adverse conditions, the road was finished in just eight months.尽管存在种种不利情况，公路还是仅用8个月就完工了。
adv. 不利地；逆地；反对地
 - ill, disadvantageously

Word: euphoria
Front: euphoria
[ju:ˈfɔ:riə] (宝 12596/11548 -1)
Vocabulary: euphoria
(once / 9983 pages)
n
Use euphoria to describe a feeling of great happiness and well-being, but know that euphoria often more than that––it's unusually, crazy happy, over the top.
Euphoria can even be classified as a mental illness. The earliest use of euphoria was to describe the relief provided by a medical procedure. The word was borrowed from New Latin, from the Greek word meaning "ability to bear easily, fertility," from euphoros "healthy," from the prefix eu- "good, well" plus pherein "to bear."
WORD FAMILY
euphoria
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was strong and cheap and though it produced little euphoria, it lasted a long time, users reported in online forums.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I’m being honest, when it’s over, the euphoria is incredible,” said one swimmer.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
With the reduction of dopamine receptors, the person needs more and more of her favored substance to produce the euphoria it once offered her.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 精神欢快; 幸福感; 欣快
分布：幸福愉快感(100%)
→eu-, 好的。-phor, 带来，词源同bring, infer, phosphorus.
幸福愉快感(eu+phor带来＋ia→带来美好→愉快)[eu-表示"好,优秀"]
愉快感;欣快症(eu美好+phor+ia病→带来美好的病→欣快症)[phor=bring,表示"带来"]
欣快症(eu好+phor带来+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】eu好，phor带来，ia病－带来好的病－欣快症
【参】semaphore（n 旗语；信号灯）
US [-'fɔ:r.i-] noun uncountable
■extreme happiness, sometimes more than is reasonable in a particular situation 狂喜；亢奋；异常兴奋
• They were in a state of euphoria for days after they won the prize. 获奖之后一连几天他们都处于亢奋状态。
n. 精神欢快， [临床] 欣快；兴高采烈；欣快症；幸福愉快感
 - elation, gaiety

Word: shank
Front: shank
[ʃæŋk] (12583/16453 -1)
Back: n. 胫，小腿; 钥匙柄; 轮轴
时态：shanked, shanking, shanks
分布：小腿(54%)，杆(21%)，长柄(13%)，用杆子击球(4%)，早期(4%)，步行(4%)
→来自古英语 sceanca,腿，胫，胫骨，来自 Proto-Germanic*skankon,腿，胫骨，来自 skeng, 弯曲的。
noun countable
STRAIGHT PART 直的部分
■a long thin straight part of particular objects, especially one which connects the end of a device or tool that you hold to the end of it which operates （尤指器具或工具的）杆，长柄
• the shank of a screwdriver 螺丝起子的柄
• the shank of a key/nail 锁匙／钉子柄
[ʃæŋk] noun countable
LEG 腿 old-fashioned or humorous
■the leg of a person or animal, especially the part below the knee （人或动物的）腿；尤指小腿，胫
n. [植] [机] 柄；小腿； [解剖] [脊椎] 胫
 - handle, stipe

Word: unnerve
Front: unnerve
[ˌʌnˈnɜ:v] (12595/12111 -1)
Back: vt. 使失去勇气; 使身心交疲; 使焦躁; 使失常
时态：unnerved, unnerving, unnerves
分布：使丧失勇气(58%)，使焦躁(28%)，使气馁(14%)
→un-, 使相反，nerve, 神经，勇气。即使失去勇气，紧张。
US [-'nɝ:v] verb transitive
■to make someone feel less confident and slightly frightened 使紧张；使缺乏信心；使恐惧
• I think it unnerved me to be interviewed by so many people. 这么多人来面试我，让我很没信心。
vt. 使失去勇气；使身心交疲；使焦躁；使失常
 - overdare

Word: vacate
Front: vacate
[vəˈkeɪt] (托 12605/13699 -1)
Vocabulary: vacate
(once / 393 pages)
v
If someone asks you to vacate the room, you'd better pack up your things and go. When you vacate something, you leave it behind, usually empty.
When you stay at a hotel, you're required to vacate the room at check-out time. The same goes for the last day of your lease on your apartment or after closing on the sale of your house. In all of these cases, you've got to get going and take all of your stuff with you. The verb vacate can also be used in conjunction with leaving a job, often an appointed office.
WORD FAMILY
vacate: vacated, vacates, vacating, vacation +/ vacation: vacationed, vacationer, vacationing, vacationist, vacations/vacationer: vacationers/vacationing: vacationings/vacationist: vacationists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let It Shine is filling the BBC One Saturday night slot that was vacated by The Voice UK's move to ITV.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Obama also ordered Russia to vacate two U.S. facilities as part of the tough sanctions on Russia.
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Another new law allows people to petition to annul records of criminal convictions, if the conviction was later vacated by a court.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 搬出; 空出; 取消; 使撤退
vi. 空出; 腾出; 辞（职）; 休假
时态：vacated, vacating, vacates
分布：空出(84%)，让出(16%)
→来自拉丁语vacare,空的，词源同vain.
弄空;退出(vac+ate表动作→弄空)[vac,van,void=empty表示"空"]
formal
verb transitive
■to leave a room, building, chair, etc. so that it is available for other people 空出，腾出
• Hotel guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon. 饭店房客务请在中午之前退房。
• Denis vacates his job at the end of the week. 邓尼斯本周末离职。
vi. 空出，腾出；辞职；休假
 - quit, resign from
vt. 空出，搬出；取消；使撤退
 - recall, move out of

Word: undue
Front: undue
[ˌʌnˈdju:] (雅 12602/8581 -1)
Vocabulary: undue
(once / 823 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something isn't appropriate or justified, you can describe it as undue. For example, an undue delay in a hospital waiting room can be dangerous for someone with a bad injury.
Something that's undue isn't warranted or, often, fair. The phrase "undue delay" is a common one, and it means that someone has to wait way too long for something, whether it's a building permit or a dentist appointment. The adjective has come to mean "excessive," from its original definition in the fourteenth century as literally "not owing" or "not payable."
WORD FAMILY
undue: unduely, unduly +/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three lawsuits currently pending against Trump allege racial profiling, undue force and aggression from the president-elect’s security team.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Meanwhile, the university’s accrediting body recently put the school on probation for one year over concerns of “undue political influence.”
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Experts say Schmidt’s use of the term is misleading and lends undue weight to his perspectives.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，过分的; 不适当的; 未到期的; 逾分
分布：不适当的(64%)，过分的(36%)
→un-, 不，非，due, 合适的。
US [-'du:] formal
adjective [before noun]
■to a level which is more than is necessary, acceptable or reasonable 过分的，过度的
• Such a high increase will impose an undue burden on the local tax payer. 涨幅如此之高会给当地纳税人增加过度负担。
adj. 过度的，过分的；不适当的； [金融] 未到期的
 - excessive, ultra, tall, unreasonable, unhappy

Word: soggy
Front: soggy
[ˈsɒgi] (宝 12601/14835 -1)
Back: adj. 湿透的，浸透的; 沉闷的，乏味的
级别：soggier, soggiest
分布：湿透的(40%)，潮湿的(33%)，乏味的(15%)，湿而软的(12%)
→sog,沼泽，湿地，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义潮湿的，湿而软的。
US ['sɑ:.gi] adjective
■(of things which can absorb water, especially food) unpleasantly wet and soft 湿透的；（尤指食物）湿软的
• soggy ground 湿透的地面
• I hate it when cereal goes soggy. 我讨厌泡软了的麦片。
adj. 浸水的；透湿的；沉闷的
 - tedious, waterishlogged

Word: erroneous
Front: erroneous
[ɪˈrəʊniəs] (研六托雅 12587/14695 -1)
Vocabulary: erroneous
(once / 911 pages)
adj
The adjective erroneous describes something or someone as mistaken and incorrect. Early explorers had the erroneous notion that the oceans were full of dragons.
When we talk about being on the "straight and narrow path" we aim to live a truthful and moral life. The Latin root of erroneous, or "to be incorrect" as well as "to be immoral," is errare, which means "to wander." It's clear that we make connections between behavior and direction or space. These two ideas have been linked for a very long time!
WORD FAMILY
erroneous: erroneously, erroneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite an erroneous tweet from Sony Music’s account Monday morning, pop icon Britney Spears is not on that list.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
“The court agreed with the government and provided an erroneous answer to the jury that essentially directed a guilty verdict,” Mr. Critchley wrote.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Eighty-seven optical scanners broke in the Democratic stronghold on Election Day, causing erroneous vote counts.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 错误的; 不正确的; 秕谬; 讹
分布：错误的(89%)，不正确的(11%)
错误的(err+oneous...的→错误的)[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
a.错误的,不正确的No erroneous ideas should be allowed to spread unchecked.不准错误的思想自由泛滥.
【记】err犯错误，差开正道，离题－错误的
US [-'roʊ-] formal
adjective
■wrong or false 错误的，不正确的
• an erroneous belief/impression 错误的信念／印象
adj. 错误的；不正确的
 - false, wrong, improper, incorrect, inaccurate

Word: influenza
Front: influenza
[ˌɪnfluˈenzə] (托 12570/19731)
Vocabulary: influenza
(once / 3463 pages)
n
An influenza is a contagious viral infection. Influenzas tend to spread during the winter, and they're more commonly known as the flu.
If you've ever wondered why this word looks so much like influence, that’s because both come from the Italian influentia. The original idea was a flowing in — of ethereal fluid from the heavens, thus affecting human destiny. We know now influenza is caused by viruses, not heavenly fluid. When you have an influenza, you're likely to vomit, have diarrhea, be exhausted, and feel terrible overall. One way to prevent influenza is by getting a flu shot.
WORD FAMILY
influenza: influenzas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The department said Thursday that a Tulsa County resident died of influenza during the weekly reporting period that ended Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Of those hospitalized with influenza, 63 percent were 65 or older.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The department said Thursday that a Johnston County resident died of influenza during the weekly reporting period that ended Tuesday.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <医>流行性感冒; [兽医]家畜流行性感冒; 流感
分布：流行性感冒(100%)
→in-,进入，使，-flu,流动，词源同fluid,fluent.引申词义传染性疾病，现用于指流感。
noun uncountable formal for
■ flu
n. [中医] [内科] 流行性感冒（简写flu）；家畜流行性感冒
 - grippe, feveret

Word: melted
Front: melted
[meltɪd] (12599/21268)
Back: v. （使）融[溶，熔]化( melt的过去式和过去分词 ); 溶解; （使）消散，消失; （使）软化，变得温柔
分布：融化了的(100%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■having turned soft or into a liquid 融化的；熔化的
• melted butter/chocolate/cheese 融化的奶油／巧克力／起司
adj. 融化的；溶解的
 - dissolved, deliquescent

Word: detergent
Front: detergent
[dɪˈtɜ:dʒənt] (托雅宝 12593/10446 -1)
Vocabulary: detergent
(once / 11668 pages)
nadj
Detergent is a substance that's used for cleaning. Detergent is similar to soap, but it's stronger and dissolves more completely in water.
Detergents are special, powerful cleansers that can break up dirt, oils, and grease in clothing or on dishes. You might buy laundry detergent for washing your dirty clothes and dish detergent for the sink full of plates and bowls after your dinner party. The Latin root of detergent is detergere, "to wipe away or cleanse."
WORD FAMILY
detergent: detergency, detergents+/deterge: deterged, detergent, deterging, detersive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now I use the tiniest amount of detergent, and I never stuff the washer full.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
There are flyers in the shape of candy bars, detergent boxes, and dollar bills, printed in eye-catching neon or in austere black-and-white.
The New Yorker(Dec 05, 2016)
If it’s a stained tablecloth, mix a little dishwashing detergent with water and put it directly on the stain first, then launder.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 洗涤剂; 去垢剂
分布：清洁剂(92%)，用于清洗的(8%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-terg, 转，磨擦，词源同turn, terse. 引申义洗涤，洗涤剂。
洗涤剂(deterg擦净+ent;参考:deterge擦净,洗净)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】de去除，terg擦－擦掉－清洁剂deter威慑，gent绅士：一个有威慑的绅士穿的肯定比较干净，要是破破烂烂的就不是绅士了。
US [-'tɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical substance in the form of a powder or a liquid for removing dirt from clothes or dishes, etc. 洗衣粉；洗衣液；清洁剂
n. 清洁剂； [化工] 去垢剂
 - cleaner, cleaning media

Word: aperture
Front: aperture
[ˈæpətʃə(r)] (托宝 12567/15655 -1)
Vocabulary: aperture
(once / 1356 pages)
n
An aperture is an opening, usually a small one. “If you can thread the silk through that aperture and pull it out the other side, we can knot it and create a loop.”
The most common place you’ll find aperture is when you’re talking about cameras or photography. In that case, an aperture refers specifically to the hole or opening in the lens that lets light through, which you can adjust (with the f-stop) to let in more or less light, resulting in a shallow or deep range of focus. A large aperture means only one tiny point of the photo will be in sharp focus, a small aperture means that much of the background as well as the foreground will be in focus.
WORD FAMILY
aperture: apertures
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s all about Italian Vogue,” Madonna said in an interview with Aperture magazine in 1999.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Mr. Couzinet-Jacques has tried to import that magic for “Eden,” a new exhibition at the Aperture Foundation in New York that runs through Jan. 19.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Supreme Court justices, has set a narrowing lame duck aperture for any possible action to honor these two.
Time(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 孔，洞; （照相机，望远镜等的）光圈; 孔径; 隙缝
分布：孔(51%)，孔径(34%)，光圈(13%)，缝隙(2%)
→来自词根aper, 开口。
开口,孔[aper=open(开)]
【记】a一辆，per读：破，ture读：车。一辆破车，因为裂缝了。
US [-ɚ.tʃɚ] noun countable
■a small and often narrow opening, especially one that allows light into a camera 小孔；缝隙；（尤指照相机的）孔径，光圈
n. 孔，穴；（照相机，望远镜等的）光圈，孔径；缝隙
 - hole, foramen

Word: ta
Front: ta
[tɑ:] (12563/6757 -1)
Back: int. <英·非正>谢谢
→来自婴儿表达谢谢用语。比较 ta-ta.
UK informal
exclamation
■thank you 谢谢

Word: provocation
Front: provocation
[ˌprɒvəˈkeɪʃn] (研托宝 12608/9996 -1)
Vocabulary: provocation
(once / 1258 pages)
n
A provocation makes someone angry or sometimes even violent. Telling a professional boxer how ugly he is would be considered a provocation — one that might get you punched in the face.
Provocation is the act of provoking someone — doing something just to get a reaction. During election season, opponents sometimes use provocation to try to ruin one another's reputation. However, sometimes it backfires and the one doing the provoking, looking like a bully, loses votes. Some celebrities whose stars are fading use provocation like making scandalous statements to try to keep their names in the headlines.
WORD FAMILY
provocation: provocations+/ provocative: provocatively, unprovocative/ provoke: provocation, provocative, provoked, provoker, provokes, provoking/provoked: unprovoked /provoker: provokers/provoking: provokingest, provokingly, unprovoking/ unprovoked: unprovokedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decius says that he isn’t concerned about Trump’s seeming fondness for Russia; in his view, thoughtless provocations would be much more dangerous.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
That means arresting the person who started an altercation, even if that provocation was verbal.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Getting kicked off Twitter hardly stopped Yiannopoulos in his tracks, but it did deny him a major platform for his provocations.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 挑衅，挑拨; 激怒，刺激; 愤怒; 愤怒的原因
分布：挑衅(86%)，激怒(11%)，激怒的原因(3%)
→来自provoke,挑衅，激怒，-ation,名词后缀。
激怒(provoke激怒)[-ation表名词"行为,过程,结果"]
US [ˌprɑ:.və-] noun countable or uncountable
■an action or statement that is intended to make someone angry 激怒；挑衅；挑衅的话
• He'd fly into a rage at the slightest provocation. 哪怕是稍稍惹他一下他都会勃然大怒。
n. 挑衅；激怒；挑拨
 - wrath, irritation

Word: covet
Front: covet
[ˈkʌvət] (宝 12611/23675)
Vocabulary: covet
(once / 816 pages)
v
If you covet something, you eagerly desire something that someone else has. If it's 95 degrees out and humid, you may find yourself coveting your neighbor's air conditioner.
If the word covet sounds familiar, you're thinking of the Tenth Commandment: "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbor's." Basically this means you should be happy with your electronic gadgets and not be jealous when a friend gets something better.
WORD FAMILY
covet: coveted, coveting, covets
USAGE EXAMPLES
In entertainment news, “Game of Thrones” once again wins the coveted Emmy Award for Drama Series With the Most Naked People.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Most spent high school with the adjective “coveted.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The Communists coveted the far more sophisticated American weapons.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 贪求，觊觎
adj. 值得渴望的
时态：coveted, coveting, covets
分布：觊觎(53%)，垂涎(31%)，贪图(16%)
→来自拉丁词cupio, 渴求，词源同Cupid, cupidity, hope.
['kʌv.ɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to want to have something very much, especially something which belongs to someone else 觊觎，垂涎（尤指他人之物）；贪求，渴望
• She always coveted power but never quite achieved it. 她一直贪求权力，但从未得逞。
• The Booker Prize is the most coveted British literary award. 布克奖是最令人向往的英国文学奖。
vt. 垂涎；觊觎
 - mouth water
vi. 垂涎；觊觎
 - mouth water

Word: subdue
Front: subdue
[səbˈdju:] (六托雅宝 12577/11592 -1)
Vocabulary: subdue
(once / 288 pages)
v
To subdue is to hold back, put down, or defeat. A Doberman can be subdued with a bone, but subduing a yapping toy poodle can be a mail carrier's greatest daily challenge.
You can use the verb subdue in ways ranging from subtle to very forceful. If someone is angry, you might subdue him with kind words that overcome his anger. If someone is coming at you with a giant karate chop, you may be able to subdue her with a secret weapon — a knee-snap–heel-kick-floor-drop. Sub-, as in submarine means "below" and subdue means to bring low — to keep down literally or to calm down emotionally.
WORD FAMILY
subdue: subduable, subdued, subduer, subdues, subduing+/ due: duely, dues, duly, endue, overdue, subdue, undue / duly: dulys/ endue: endued, endues, enduing/subduable: unsubduable/ subdued: subduedly, subduedness, unsubdued/subduer: subduers/ undue: unduely, unduly /unsubduable: unsubduably
USAGE EXAMPLES
While subdued and melancholic, there is a deeper optimism at the core of Beck’s “Heart Is a Drum.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The officer used a stun gun to subdue Curtis, then received help from two other officers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Hannah said officers also used stun guns to subdue the Hummer’s driver.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 征服; 克制; 制服
时态：subdued, subduing, subdues
分布：压制(46%)，使服从(36%)，减弱(18%)
→来自拉丁语 subducere,拉走，拉下，来自 sub-,在下，-duc,拉，引导，词源同 deduce,deduct. 引申诸相关比喻义。
征服;减轻(sub+due从属→从属在下面→征服)[sub-①表示"在下面,次一等,副手"②表示"接近,靠近"]
【记】sub下面，due＝duce引导－引到下面－征服
【反】inflame（v 燃烧；激起）；burgeon（v 萌芽；发展）
US [-'du:] verb transitive
■to reduce the force of something, or to prevent something from existing or developing 压制；制服；控制
• The fire burned for eight hours before the fire crews could subdue it. 大火烧了八个小时后，消防队才控制住火势。
• He criticized the school for trying to subdue individual expression. 他指责学校试图压制个性的自由表现。
defeat, beat, overcome, conquer, subdue, overthrow
这组词都有“征服，战胜”的意思，其区别是：
defeat: 普通用词，多指在战争、比赛、竞选或辩论中战胜对手，侧重胜利的暂时性。
beat: 口笔语均可用，可与defeat换用。
overcome: 多指战胜或克服非物质的东西，如困难和不良习惯等。语气较弱也可指在斗争或竞争中战胜或压倒对方。
conquer: 侧重战胜和控制。书面用词。
subdue: 正式用词，与conquer同义，但强调失败后的臣服状态；也可用作借喻，表克制、压抑感情、欲望等。
overthrow: 指彻底击败对手，使其丧失力量和地位。
vt. 征服；抑制；减轻
 - master, stay, restrain, moderate

Word: sweetly
Front: sweetly
[ˈswi:tli] (12573/12353)
Back: adv. 舒适地; 美妙悦耳地; 甜蜜地; 亲切地
分布：甜美地(38%)，气味芬芳地(25%)，顺利地(25%)，悦耳地(12%)
adverb
■in a kind way 温和地，和蔼地
• He smiled sweetly at her. 他对着她甜甜笑着。
adv. 甜美地；温柔地；惬意地；讨人喜欢地
 - gently, softly

Word: underwrite
Front: underwrite
[ˌʌndəˈraɪt] (雅宝 12615/19998 -2)
Vocabulary: underwrite
(once / 2427 pages)
v
To underwrite is to insure or promise to be financially responsible in case of loss or damage. An insurance agent can underwrite your renter's insurance policy, which protects you if there's a fire or robbery, for example.
Insurance companies can underwrite, estimating the value of a life or property, and so can large banks — when a bank underwrites a loan, it means they carefully check the borrower's credit history. The word underwrite comes from the Old English underwritan, "write at the foot of," and originally is exactly what underwriters did, signing their names at the bottom of an assessment of risk, promising to pay in case of disaster in exchange for a set amount of money.
WORD FAMILY
underwrite: underwriter, underwrites, underwriting, underwritten, underwrote+/overwrite: overwrites, overwriting, overwritten, overwrote/ rewrite: rewriter, rewrites, rewriting, rewritten, rewrote/rewriter: rewriters/rewriting: rewritings/underwriter: underwriters/ write: overwrite, rewrite, underwrite, writer, writes, writing, written, wrote/writer: writers/ writing: writings/written: unwritten
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bill benefits helped underwrite his college studies, and his brother was on active duty.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Were IndyMac executives powerless to offer anything but poorly underwritten mortgages?
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Weak underwriting practices were a red flag in the run-up to the 2008 financial crisis, when the banking system became awash in junk mortgages.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 签名承认（担保），签名接受（保险）; 给…保险; 认购; 在…下面写
vi. 经营保险业
时态：underwrote, underwritten, underwriting, underwrites
分布：承保(74%)，写在……下面(13%)，给……保险(13%)
→under-, 在下面，write, 写，签字，即在下面签字。引申词义承购，承保。
在…下面写(under+write写)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
【记】under下，write写：在保单的下面签名－为…保险
【参】undeserved（adj 不应得的；冤枉的）；undeserving（adj 不值得）
[ˌʌn.də'raɪt] ['---] (underwrote, underwritten)
verb transitive
■If a bank or other organization underwrites an activity, it gives it financial support and takes responsibility for paying any costs if it fails. （银行或其他机构）为…提供财力支援并承担经济责任
specialized
■If a company underwrites an insurance policy , someone's property, etc., they have an agreement to pay out money in cases of damage or loss. 为…承担保险责任，为…承保

Word: tumultuous
Front: tumultuous
[tju:ˈmʌltʃuəs] (12581/19961)
Vocabulary: tumultuous
(once / 1252 pages)
adj
The adjective tumultuous means "disruptive," "troubled," "disorderly," or "turbulent."
You might hear the adjective tumultuous in news stories about riots because it's one of the best words to describe a group of people in turmoil or disorder, but it can mean anything in a state of unrest. For example, you might steer your boat into a safe harbor before a heavy storm, so the tumultuous waves won't sweep you onto the rocks.
WORD FAMILY
tumultuous: tumultuously, tumultuousness+/ tumult: tumults, tumultuous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Does one emotion above all hold the key to understanding a year of tumultuous political change?
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
And in Egypt, the tumultuous political situation caused many repatriation cases to be dropped.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A sign in the dining room is a reminder of the tumultuous construction era: “One long whistle: Preparing to blast.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 骚乱的; 吵闹的; 狂暴的; 激烈的
分布：骚动的(45%)，激烈的(22%)，喧哗的(22%)，极其激动的(11%)
→来自 tumult,骚乱，混乱。引申词义热烈的，欢腾的。
【反】serene（adj 平静的）
US [tu:-] formal
adjective
■very loud, or full of confusion, change or uncertainty 吵闹的，喧哗的；骚乱的，混乱的
• Dame Joan appeared to tumultuous applause and a standing ovation. 琼‧萨瑟兰女爵出场时，人们起立鼓掌，欢呼声经久不息。
• After the tumultuous events of 1990, Eastern Europe was completely transformed. 经历了1990年的一系列动荡和骚乱事件后，东欧发生了剧变。
adj. 吵闹的；骚乱的；狂暴的
 - angry, turbulent

Word: Medicaid
Front: Medicaid
['medɪkeɪd] (11065/47704)
Back: n. （美）医疗补助计划
→专有名词，来自medical和aid.用于指医疗补助制度。
noun uncountable
■a government service in the US which allows poor people to receive medical treatment both in and out of hospitals （美国为穷人服务的）医疗补助制度 Compare Medicare

Word: gnaw
Front: gnaw
[nɔ:] (六托宝 12600/15154 -1)
Vocabulary: gnaw
(once / 1007 pages)
v
To gnaw is to bite or chew. Your favorite food might be corn on the cob, because you love to gnaw along each row of kernels.
To gnaw also means to deteriorate or wear away as if by gnawing with the teeth. In Arches National Park, the weather has gnawed away at the rocks creating beautiful formations like arches, bridges, and balanced rocks. In this sense, to gnaw can be used even more figuratively. Something might gnaw at the back of your mind — something you were supposed to do, although now you can't quite remember what it was.
WORD FAMILY
gnaw: gnawed, gnawer, gnawing, gnawn, gnaws+/gnawer: gnawers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Write what matters to you, write what gnaws at you at night, write what you’re scared of, write what hurts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
That imposes a constant, gnawing pressure on millions of Californians?
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But there’s a gnawing problem: People aren’t sure what to call it.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 咬，啮; 使苦恼，折磨; 侵蚀; 使腐蚀
vi. 咬; 折磨; 侵蚀
时态：gnawed, gnawing, gnaws
分布：咬(47%)，折磨(28%)，侵蚀(25%)
→拟声词，咬东西的声音。
US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
BITE 咬
■to bite or chew something repeatedly, usually making a hole in it or gradually destroying it 咬，啮，啃（通常指啃出孔洞或逐渐啃坏）
• Babies like to gnaw hard objects when they're teething. 婴儿在长牙时喜欢啃咬硬物。
• A dog lay under the table, gnawing on a bone. 一只狗趴在桌下啃骨头。
UK [nɔ:] US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
FEEL WORRIED 感到担忧
■to make you feel worried or uncomfortable 使烦恼；折磨
• I've been gnawed by guilt about not replying to her letter yet. 我到现在还没有回她的信，心里一直感到很内疚。
• The feeling that I've forgotten something has been gnawing at me all day. 我一整天都坐立不安，总是觉得忘了甚么事情。
UK [nɔ:] US [nɑ:] verb intransitive + prep transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  gnaw away at sth
■to gradually reduce or spoil something 磨损；消耗；侵蚀
• Bad debts are continuing to gnaw away at the bank's profits. 坏帐继续吞噬银行的利润。
bite, snap, gnaw, chew
这组词都有“咬、啃”的意思，其区别是：
bite: 指用牙齿钳住或切断，或咬一口。
snap: 指突然猛咬。
gnaw: 指连续不断用齿咬。
chew: 指用牙磨碎。
vt. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
 - harry, worry, trouble, weather, tear
vi. 咬；折磨；侵蚀
 - bite, grind down

Word: enlightenment
Front: enlightenment
[ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt] (托 11067/8847 -1)
Vocabulary: enlightenment
(once / 3412 pages)
n
Enlightenment is education or awareness that brings change, such as your enlightenment about nutrition that leads you to throw out every last bit of your family's junk food.
In Hinduism and Buddhism, enlightenment is also sometimes called "awakening" — after all, the name "Buddha" means "the awakened one." Not all enlightenments are spiritual: your enlightenment about environmental issues, for example, can awaken you to new ways of conserving resources like water and electricity. The Enlightenment started in the 1700’s, a historical era defined by a focus on reason and science.
WORD FAMILY
enlightenment: enlightenments, unenlightenment+/ enlighten: enlightened, enlightening, enlightenment, enlightens/ enlightened: enlightenedest, enlightenedly, unenlightened/enlightening: enlighteningly, unenlightening/ light: light-colored, lighted, lighten, lighter, lightest, lighting, lightless, lightly, lightness, lights, lightsome /lighted: unlighted/ lighten: enlighten, lightened, lightening, lightens/lightening: lightenings/lighter: lighterage, lightered, lightering, lighters/lighting: lightings/lightless: lightlessness/lightness: lightnesses/ lightsome: lightsomely, lightsomeness, lightsomer, lightsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
A crowd of over 300 people at various states of enlightenment stopped what they were doing and looked at me.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It was a time when the nascent web was seen as a force that would deliver enlightenment and truth to all.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
For this price, the goal is not so much enlightenment as it is stress relief and self-care.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 启迪，启发; 教化，开导; 启蒙运动
分布：启蒙(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。light, 光。宗教用语，指灵光闪现，开悟，顿悟。
US [-tˌən-] noun uncountable
■the state of understanding something 领悟；启发；开导
• Can you give me any enlightenment on what happened? 你能替我解释一下发生了甚么事吗？
■in Hinduism and Buddhism, the highest spiritual state that can be achieved （印度教和佛教中的）般若，智慧，觉悟
n. 启迪；启蒙运动；教化
 - cultivation, edification

Word: fright
Front: fright
[fraɪt] (高研六托 12606/10016 -1)
Vocabulary: fright
(once / 206 pages)
nv
Fright is a feeling of fear, dread, or terror. You might scream in fright while watching a scary movie or riding a roller coaster.
Some fright is so intense that it makes you jump; other fright is caused by anticipating something vaguely scary, like a trip to the dentist or an encounter with your mean neighbor after your baseball breaks her window. Although it's old fashioned, you can also use fright as a verb, to mean "cause fear." The Old English root of fright is fyrhtu, "fear, dread, trembling, or horrible sight."
WORD FAMILY
fright: frighted, frightful, frighting, frights+/frightful: frightfuler, frightfulest, frightfully, frightfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
McKinnon and Beck Bennett joined elevator operator Kenan Thompson for a “100 Floors of Fright”; what they got was beyond their wildest dreams.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
But it’s only when Jamal’s father shows up unannounced to browbeat the kid about his gunshot-induced stage fright that the younger Lyon’s pulse skyrockets.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Researchers found other interesting patterns, Variety noted, such as how horror-series bingers often turn to tickling their funny bone after feasting on fright.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 恐怖; 惊吓; 可怕的东西，难看的人
v. 使惊恐
分布：惊恐(54%)，惊骇(46%)
→来自perg, 恐惧，害怕。与fear没有辞源上的联系。
n.恐怖The enlightened man highlighted his mighty insight into the fright.开明的人强调他的强大的对惊悸了解.
noun [S or U]
 ADVANCED
■the feeling of fear, especially if felt suddenly, or an experience of fear which happens suddenly （尤指突然产生的）恐惧，惊吓；使人惊吓的经历
• I lay in bed shaking with fright. 我躺在床上吓得发抖。
• You gave her such a fright turning the lights out like that. 你那样把灯给关了，吓了她一大跳。
• You gave me the fright of my life (= a very severe fright) , jumping out of the shadows like that! 你那样从暗处跳出来，把我吓死了！
take fright
■to feel fear 受到惊吓
• Our dog took fright at the noise of the fireworks and ran indoors. 我们的狗听到爆竹声吓得跑进屋来。
[fraɪt] noun [S or U]
look a fright old-fashioned informal
■to look ugly or stupid 模样丑陋；看上去很傻
• Didn't she look a fright in that dress? 她穿那件衣服看上去是不是很傻？
alarm, fear, fright, horror, panic, terror, dread
这些名词均含“恐惧、惧怕、惊恐”之意。
alarm: 强调突然意识到有危险而产生的恐惧心理。
fear: 普通用词，侧重指面临危险或灾祸时内心所引起的恐惧心情。
fright: 通常指一阵突然的、令人震惊的短暂恐惧，有时含夸张意味。
horror: 侧重指因看到令人讨厌或危险的东西或情景而引起的厌恶情绪、极度恐惧心情或战栗的动作。
panic: 常指因突如其来的外界威胁使人群出现惊慌、恐惧或混乱。
terror: 指极大的恐惧和惊骇，语气最强。
dread: 可与fear换用，着重害怕的心理，但dread常指胆怯和丧失勇气。
n. 惊吓；惊骇
 - horror, pavor
vt. 使惊恐
 - alarm, exercise

Word: cascade
Front: cascade
[kæˈskeɪd] (托宝 11599/11333 -1)
Vocabulary: cascade
(once / 2083 pages)
nv
Think of a cascade as something suddenly falling, tumbling down in a rush.
The word cascade conjures up a vision of anything falling in a manner resembling a waterfall — think of a cascade of shining hair, a sudden cascade of tears, or the cascade of light during a meteor shower. The idea behind the word is of something falling in a progressive manner or a series of steps. A downward progression of musical themes can be called a cascade, as can the disastrous cascade of the tumbling price of a stock on Wall Street.
WORD FAMILY
cascade: cascaded, cascading
USAGE EXAMPLES
The infection sets off a cascade of events that ramps up inflammatory and immune response, Powers says.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The park is reached by Pierce County’s Steilacoom Ferry, and is on the regional Cascade Marine Trail network.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Five people were killed by a gunman who opened fire at Burlington’s Cascade Mall on a Friday night in September.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 倾泻; 小瀑布，瀑布状物; 串联
vi. 流注; 大量落下
时态：cascaded, cascading, cascades
分布：瀑布(58%)，串联(40%)，瀑布似地落下(2%)
→来自词根cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 字母c来自形容词后缀-ic的缩略，见altercation.
小瀑布(casc下落+ade)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】cas落＝cad落－一落再落－小瀑布cas＝cast扔，cad无赖：扔无赖应该从小瀑布上往下扔－达到解恨的目的，还摔不死他。
【参】casual（adj 偶然的）；decadent（adj 颓废的）
noun countable
■a small waterfall, often one of a group 小瀑布（常指瀑布群的分支）
■a large amount of something which hangs down 瀑布状物
• A cascade of golden hair fell down his back. 金发如瀑布般披散在他的肩头。
[kæs'keɪd] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fall quickly and in large amounts 如瀑布般下落；大量倾泻
• Coins cascaded from/out of the fruit machine. 大量硬币从老虎机中倾泻而出。
n. 层叠； [水文] 小瀑布；喷流
 - stack-up

Word: handwritten
Front: handwritten
[ˌhændˈrɪtn] (12586/15175 -1)
Vocabulary: handwritten
(once / 11236 pages)
adj
Something that's handwritten is written with a pen or a pencil — not typed or printed. A handwritten thank-you letter is a pleasant surprise these days.
Formal documents are almost always typed or sent electronically, and not handwritten. It's increasingly common for letters, invitations, and birthday greetings to be sent this way as well — which makes handwritten notes and greetings all the more intimate and meaningful. If you send handwritten invitations to a party, you write each one out by hand.
WORD FAMILY
handwritten
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Obama stayed up until 4 a.m. revising the speech, and handed Mr. Favreau 11 handwritten pages later that morning.
New York Times(Jul 02, 2016)
In August, Facebook reduced the role of a team dedicated to curating the site’s Trending Topics, opting for automation over editorial judgment and handwritten headlines.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Some of the more embittered began posting images of themselves holding up handwritten notes apologizing to the rest of the world.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 手写的; 用笔写的
v. 用手写(handwrite的过去分词)
分布：手写的(98%)，动词handwrite的过去分词形式.(2%)
US [-'rɪtˌ-] adjective
■written using your hand rather than printed by a machine 手写的
adj. [计] 手写的
 - manuscript

Word: wide-eyed
Front: wide-eyed
[ˈwaɪdˌaɪd] (-1)
Back: adj. 睁大眼睛的，吃惊的，天真的; 天真的; 吃惊的
分布：睁大眼睛的(45%)，天真的(34%)，吃惊的(21%)
adjective
■having your eyes open much wider than usual 睁大眼睛的
■too willing to believe and admire what you see or are told 轻信的；单纯的
• At that time, I was still a wide-eyed youngster. 那时候我仍然是个单纯的孩子。
adj. 天真的；睁大眼睛的；吃惊的
 - simple, naive

Word: trump
Front: trump
[trʌmp] (12616/14687 -1)
Vocabulary: trump
(once / 961 pages)
1vn 2nv
To trump is to outrank or defeat someone or something, often in a highly public way. Safety might trump appearance when you're buying a car, or your desires may trump your brother's when it comes to making weekend plans.
In the card game bridge, the trump card is the most powerful card in a particular round and defeats all the others — sort of like when your needs or wishes trump someone else's. Originally trump implied a deceptive form of victory involving cheating, but that sense has been largely lost, though it's still around in the term trumped up, meaning something that's been falsely made up. A politician may face trumped up charges that could ruin his career.
WORD FAMILY
trump: overtrump, trumped, trumpery, trumping, trumps+/overtrump: overtrumps/ trumpery: trumperies/trumping: trumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
President-elect Donald Trump repeatedly called for voters to "drain the swamp" of Washington politics, claiming the federal government was corrupt and dysfunctional.
BBC(Jan 03, 2017)
Donald Trump defeats Hillary Clinton in the biggest upset in US history.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Now that Trump is promising to free the forces of capitalism once more – axing Dodd-Frank and cutting regulations – faster times may be ahead.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: n. 王牌，法宝; 有效手段; <古，诗>喇叭，号声; <口>好人
vt. 打出王牌赢; 胜过
vi. 出王牌; 捏造，编造; 吹喇叭
时态：trumped, trumping, trumps
分布：王牌(67%)，胜过(15%)，打出王牌(8%)，法宝(6%)，吹喇叭(4%)
→来自古法语 trompe,号角，喇叭，拟声词，词源同 trombone,大号，长号。引申词义吹喇叭， 大吹法螺，欺骗，捏造等。
noun
countable
■a card that belongs to the group of cards that has been chosen to have the highest value in a particular game （牌戏中的一张）王牌，将牌
• I played a trump. 我打了一张王牌。
• Luckily, I drew a trump. 我幸运地抽到了一张王牌。
trumps [plural]
■one of the four groups in a set of playing cards which has been chosen to have the highest value during a particular game or part of a game 王牌花色，主牌花色
• Diamonds are trumps. 方块是王牌。
no trump(s)
■when all four groups of cards have equal value in a game of bridge （桥牌戏中）无王牌，无主牌
[trʌmp] noun
turn/come up trumps UK
■to complete an activity successfully or to produce a good result, especially when you were not expected to 意外地成功；结果出乎意料地令人满意
• John's uncle came up trumps, finding us a place to stay at the last minute. 约翰的叔叔大显神通，在最后一刻为我们找到了住处。
[trʌmp] verb transitive
■If you trump another player's card, you beat it with a card that belongs to the group of cards that has been chosen to have the highest value in the game you are playing. （牌戏中）打出王牌赢（别人的牌）
■to beat someone or something by doing or producing something better 打败，赢
• Their million-pound bid for the company was trumped at the last moment by an offer for almost twice as much from their main competitor. 他们出价100万英镑收购那家公司，但最终输给了以几乎两倍价格竞标的主要对手。
[trʌmp] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] trump sth up
■to accuse someone of something they have not done in order to have an excuse for punishing them 捏造（罪名），假造（罪证以陷害他人） trumped-up /ˌtrʌmptˈʌp] adjective [before noun]
• She was imprisoned on trumped-up corruption charges. 她因莫须有的贪污指控而入狱。
n. 王牌；法宝；喇叭
 - horn, matador
vt. 胜过；打出王牌赢
 - overcome, exceed, cap, transcend
vi. 出王牌；吹喇叭
 - blow job

Word: gridlock
Front: gridlock
[ˈgrɪdlɒk] (12612/- -1)
Back: n. 交通全面大堵塞; 僵局
v. （交通等）堵塞
分布：僵局(96%)，使交通阻塞(2%)，使陷入僵局(2%)
→grid, 网格，引申为交通网。lock, 锁住。
US [-lɑ:k] noun uncountable
■a situation where roads in a town become so blocked by cars that it is impossible for any traffic to move （市区）交通大挤塞
• A car breaking down at rush hour could cause gridlock across half the city. 在交通高峰时间，一辆车抛锚就可能使半个城市都陷入交通瘫痪。
■a situation in which no progress can be made 僵局
vi. 交通阻塞
 - traffic jam
n. 僵局；极端严重的全面交通壅塞
 - impasse, logjam

Word: atheist
Front: atheist
[ˈeɪθiɪst] (托 12603/15814 -1)
Vocabulary: atheist
(once / 1550 pages)
nadj
An atheist believes there is no such thing as god, or any other deity.
The root -theist means "belief in a god." The prefixes mono-, poly-, and a-, mean "one," "many," and "no," respectively. So a monotheist is someone who believes in a single god, a polytheist is someone who believes in many gods, and an atheist is someone who believes there is no god at all.
WORD FAMILY
atheist: atheistical, atheists+/ atheism: atheisms, atheist, atheistic / atheistic: atheistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mark Zuckerberg says he’s no longer an atheist, believes ‘religion is very important’
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Before working on the film, he was “pantheist, agnostic, occasionally atheist and a little bit Jewish, but mostly confused”.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But there is now an Orthodox church alongside him, partly financed by the man who once presided over an atheist state.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 无神论者
分布：无神论者(100%)
noun countable
■someone who believes that God or gods do not exist 无神论者 Compare agnostic
n. 无神论者
 - antitheist, zendic

Word: fauna
Front: fauna
[ˈfɔ:nə] (托 12609/9188 -1)
Vocabulary: fauna
(once / 2412 pages)
n
When you go on a nature walk in a school setting, your teacher might tell you to observe the flora and fauna in the woods. Flora is plant life; fauna refers to animals.
Fauna derives from the name of a Roman goddess, but the handiest way to remember flora and fauna is that "flora" sounds like flowers, which are part of the plant world, and fauna sounds like "fawn," and fawns are part of the animal kingdom.
WORD FAMILY
fauna: faunae, faunas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel re-created a mural of local flora and fauna that he showed at the Consortium in Dijon, France, in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A chorus mostly composed of rangers and students studying in the park finished the line: “… to save our flora and fauna.”
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
“We call this action ‘Lights of Life,’ ” said Fauna Tomlinson, a spokeswoman for the nonprofit Project Coyote.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 动物群; 动物志
→来自拉丁语Fauna, Faunua的妻子，姐妹或女儿。-a, 表阴性。瑞典植物学家林奈借用该词来指动物群，以与植物群flora相匹配。
【源】Faunus：罗马神话中的动物之神福纳斯－主管畜牧农林、自然和丰收
【区】flora（n 植物群；植物目录册）源于：Flora 芙罗拉花神（flower）
US ['fɑ:-] specialized
noun uncountable [+ sing/pl verb]
■all the animals that live wild in a particular area （某一地区的）动物群
• an expedition to explore the flora and fauna of Hornchurch Wood 考察霍恩彻奇林区动植物群的探索
n. 动物群； [动] 动物区系
 - zoology

Word: femininity
Front: femininity
[ˌfeməˈnɪnəti] (12575/12487)
Vocabulary: femininity
(once / 8948 pages)
n
Femininity is a quality of acting in a typically womanly, girlish, or feminine way. Different cultures have different ideas of what femininity looks like.
If you're a gentle, sweet-natured person, your grandmother may praise your femininity. You might argue, however, that your brother is even sweeter and more soft-spoken than you are. Society has a particular idea and definition of exactly what femininity is, but this varies widely for individual women. Femininity comes from the adjective feminine, "relating to women," from the Latin femina, "woman."
WORD FAMILY
femininity: femininities+/defeminize: defeminized/ feminine: femininely, feminineness, feminines, femininity, feminise, feminize, unfeminine/feminise: defeminise, feminisation, feminised, feminising/feminize: defeminize, feminization, feminized, feminizing/unfeminine: unfemininely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, Siri’s responses seemed to refer to versions of femininity that were vintage, as if lifted from old movies.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Like many women of her generation she understood that femininity is always a performance and she performed it to the hilt.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
This is a caricature world where both femininity and racial diversity are highlighted with comic emphasis.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 女性气质; 娇弱，温柔; 妇女的总称
分布：温柔(48%)，妇女(33%)，妇女特质(19%)
[femin女,-ality表示性质]女性,妇女的特性[女(1)gyn(o);gynec(o)(2)fem;femin]
[feminine(e)女性的,-ity表示性质]女子的气质,女人气,妇女总称[女(1)gyn(o);gynec(o)(2)fem;femin]
N-UNCOUNT
女性
A woman's femininity is the fact that she is a woman.
例：...the drudgery behind the ideology of motherhood and femininity.贤妻良母这一观念背后的繁重劳作
N-UNCOUNT
女性气质;女人特质;阴柔
Femininity means the qualities that are considered to be typical of women.
例：...this courageous German tennis star's unique blend of strength and femininity.这位勇气十足的德国网球明星融力量与柔美为一体，气质独特
n. 温柔；柔弱性；女子本性
 - softness, gentilesse

Word: pocketbook
Front: pocketbook
[ˈpɒkɪtbʊk] (托 12623/-)
Vocabulary: pocketbook
(once / 3026 pages)
1n 2n
Pocketbook is another name for a purse or wallet, a place to keep money or other essentials. Pocketbook can also refer to the amount of money you have, even if it’s in your mattress.
In the UK, pocketbook is a pocket-sized notebook, but in the US it's usually a small bag typically carried by women. Figuratively, your pocketbook is your budget: "Those shoes are way too expensive for my pocketbook." In the early 1600s, a pocketbook was "a book small enough to fit in a pocket," and by 1722 it became "a booklike leather folder for papers." In the early 1800s, it came to mean "woman's handbag."
WORD FAMILY
pocketbook: pocketbooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The responses, though, raised questions for some on social media about Mexico's priorities and Mexicans' supposed obsession with pocketbook issues rather than other social indignities.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“Pocketbook and economic issues is pretty much all I campaigned on,” he says.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
Democrats must, therefore, pester Republicans where it hurts: the pocketbook.
Time(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 皮夹; 小本子; 女用钱袋; <美>必须花费的钱
分布：袖珍本(39%)，皮夹子(36%)，财力(15%)，经济收益的(10%)
US ['pɑ:.kɪt-] US
noun countable
■a woman's handbag 女用手提包
• I need a new pocketbook to go with these shoes. 我需要一个新手提包来配这双鞋。
sb's pocketbook
■the money that someone has or their ability to pay for things 财力，购买力
• These new tax arrangements will hit everyone's pocketbook. 这些新的税收政策将会影响每个人的经济利益。
• Voters don't all realize how much the results could affect their pocketbooks. 并非所有的选民都意识到投票结果对他们的经济利益会有多大影响。
n. 钱包；笔记本；经济来源；皮夹
 - bag, wallet

Word: peg
Front: peg
[peg] (12626/7092 -3)
Vocabulary: peg
(once / 731 pages)
1nv 2n 3v 4v
A peg is a bolt or pin that holds something in place or marks a location. When you use peg as a verb, it means to identify someone or something: "I pegged you as a word lover, the first time I laid eyes on you."
A coat rack might consist of a line of wooden pegs, and you might also secure a tent by driving metal pegs into the ground to hold it there. When you fasten or pierce something with a peg, you can say you peg it. Informally, if you peg a person, you make a judgment about them: "I'd peg him as a messy housekeeper based on the way his dorm room looks."
WORD FAMILY
peg: pegged, pegging, pegs
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “Mastering the Art of Quitting,” for example, Peg Streep and Alan Bernstein reject the “myth of persistence.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The number of Russian Embassy diplomats is generally pegged at 120 to 140, compared with about 40 Foreign Service officers for the United States.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After the Liverpool debacle against Burnley earlier in the season I accused Milner of being a square peg in a round hole.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 钉，桩; 借口，遁词，; （提琴等的）弦钮; 尖头物，爪，（晒衣用的）衣夹，（帽）挂
vt. 固定，限制，限定（工资等）; 在…上钉木钉，用木钉[短桩]钉住
vi. 疾行; 孜孜不倦地做某事
adj. 越往下端越细的
时态：pegged, pegging, pegs
分布：钉(67%)，借口(18%)，钉木桩(3%)，支柱(3%)，努力工作(3%)，扔(3%)，匆忙走(3%)
→来自中古英语pegge,来自Proto-Germanic*pag,桩子，楔子，来自bak,棍子，削尖的木桩，词源同bachelor,bacteria.引申词义橛子，衣钩子等。
noun
HOOK 钩
 ADVANCED countable
■a small stick or hook which sticks out from a surface and from which objects, especially clothes, can hang 小钉；挂物钉；（尤指）挂衣钩
• He took off his coat/hat and hung it on the peg. 他脱下大衣／帽子，挂在衣钩上。
only singular
■a reason for discussing something further （进一步讨论某事物的）依据，理由
• They decided to use the anniversary as the peg for /a peg on which to hang a TV documentary. 他们决定把周年庆典作为制作一部电视纪录片的理由。
[peg] noun
FIXING DEVICE 固定装置
countable
■a device which is used to fix something into a particular place （起固定作用的）钉，栓，桩
• UK There aren't enough pegs (also clothes pegs , USclothes pins)to hang all this washing on the line. 没有足够的夹子把所有洗好的衣服都挂在绳子上。
• Hammer the pegs (also tent pegs)firmly into the ground. 用锤子把（帐篷）桩牢牢地打入地里。
[peg] noun
BASEBALL 棒球
countable US informal
■a low fast throw in baseball 全力投球，钉子球
[peg] noun
bring / take sb down a peg (or two) informal
■to show someone that they are not as important as they thought they were 煞某人的威风，挫某人的傲气
[peg] verb (-gg-)
FIX 固定
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to fix something in place with pegs 用钉（或桩等）固定
• Make sure the tarpaulin is securely pegged down. 务必用桩子把油布牢牢地固定好。
• I'll peg out the clothes before I go to work. 我会在上班之前用夹子把衣服晾在晒衣绳上的。
transitive
■to arrange something so that it stays at a particular level 把…固定在某一水准；限定，限制
• The agreement works because member nations haven't tried to peg prices. 因为成员国没有企图限定价格，所以协议发挥作用了。
[peg] verb (-gg-)
BASEBALL 棒球
transitive US informal
■to throw a ball in baseball low and fast （棒球）投掷快速低球
• Mattingly pegged the ball to Stanley. 马丁利把球投给史坦利。
[peg] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  peg out UK slang
■to die 死去，断气
■to stop working 停止运转
• The car finally pegged out about 20 miles from home. 那辆车在离家20英哩的地方终于停下来了。
[peg] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] peg sth out
■If you peg out an area, you mark the edges of it by hitting short sticks into the ground. 用木桩标出…的边界
n. [五金] 钉；桩；借口；琴栓
 - excuse, blind, stake
vt. 限制；钉木钉
 - block, set a limit to
vi. 疾行；孜孜不倦地做某事
 - scud

Word: knowing
Front: knowing
[ˈnəʊɪŋ] (12589/14767)
Vocabulary: knowing
(once / 84 pages)
adjn
Something that's knowing is sneakily wise or perceptive. A knowing smile conveys a lot of information — it implies that you know a secret or are in on some background information. Picture Mona Lisa.
A knowing glance tells its recipient that you've got them figured out or that you're aware of something they haven't shared with many people. You can use this adjective to simply mean "having knowledge" or "intentional" too, as when someone makes a knowing purchase of stolen goods. The noun version of knowing is also simple, meaning "the state of having knowledge or being aware."
WORD FAMILY
knowing: knowingest, knowingly, knowingness, knowings, unknowing+/foreknow: foreknew, foreknowing, foreknown, foreknows/ know: foreknow, knew, knowable, knower, knowing, known, knows/knowable: unknowable/knower: knowers/ known: knownly, unknown/unknowable: unknowably/unknowing: unknowingly, unknowingness/unknown: unknowns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Guan published an apology: the art of knowing the yuan’s future with any precision, he conceded, had become rather tricky.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Without Google I would have no way of knowing this.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
The cost of not knowing what to do was catastrophic.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （对别人不知道的秘密）知悉的; 世故的; 难以预料; 无从知道
v. 知道( know的现在分词 ); 看到过; 听到过; 经历过
分布：了解(63%)，知晓(10%)，世故的(10%)，会意的(9%)，心照不宣的(6%)，动词know的现在分词.(2%)
US ['noʊ-] adjective
■showing that you know about something, even when it has not been talked about 会意的，心照不宣的
• a knowing look/glance/smile 会意的一望／一瞥／微笑
adj. 博学的；狡猾的；心照不宣的
 - learned, understood, designing, wise, subtle
n. 认知
 - cognisance, percept
v. 知道；认识；确信（know的ing形式）
 - recognizing, acquainting

Word: sheath
Front: sheath
[ʃi:θ] (托宝 12614/15335 -1)
Vocabulary: sheath
(once / 1671 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A sheath is a protective case for a knife or a sword. The most exciting part of a staged sword fight might be the moment when the hero pulls his weapon out of its sheath.
A sheath is also a dress that is straight, fitted, and simple. You might advise your Aunt Martha to choose a sheath dress for her third wedding, instead of the white lace gown with the long train. The word sheath most likely comes from the Old English scēath, meaning a divide or a split, like the split piece of wood which originally served as a sword's sheath.
WORD FAMILY
sheath: sheaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fall was caused by a peripheral nerve sheath tumor and led to several weeks in the hospital.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A shimmering sleeveless sheath in rose and silvery gray, it was pretty universally considered a fashion slam dunk.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It destroys the protective coating that wraps round nerves called the myelin sheath.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 护套; 鞘; 叶鞘; 紧身装
v. 包，盖
分布：鞘(81%)，护套(18%)，女式紧身衣服(1%)
→来自古英语 sceath,套，护套，来自 proto-Germanic*skaithiz,套，护套，来自 skei,切，分 开，词源同 segment,section,science.比喻用法，即两块分开的木板，剑鞘的原型。
noun countable
■a close-fitting covering to protect something 鞘套；护套
• The cable has a copper wire surrounded by a plastic sheath. 电缆是铜丝做的，外面包着塑胶皮。
• The nerves are protected by thin sheaths of fatty tissue. 神经由薄薄的脂肪鞘保护着。
■a cover into which a knife or sword fits so that the blade cannot cut someone when it is not being used （刀剑的）鞘
• He drew the knife from its jewelled leather sheath. 他把刀从镶有珠宝的皮鞘中抽出来。
UK * a condom
n. 鞘； [电] 护套；叶鞘；女子紧身服装
 - vaginae, theca

Word: pawn
Front: pawn
[pɔ:n] (宝 12632/12547 -1)
Vocabulary: pawn
(once / 1369 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
To pawn something is to use it as collateral when you're borrowing money. When you pawn a necklace at a pawn shop, you get cash in exchange for it with the understanding that you can buy it back later.
The benefit when you pawn something is getting cash immediately. The down side is that you'll have to pay more money — the amount you borrowed, plus interest — to get your item back. If you aren't able to do this, the pawn shop will sell it to someone else. As a noun, a pawn is the smallest, least powerful piece in a game of chess, or a description of a person who's being used or manipulated.
WORD FAMILY
pawn: pawned, pawning, pawns
USAGE EXAMPLES
She told her sisters to pawn her television set.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Neighbors still owns his first guitar, a black Fender that he purchased at a pawn shop for $300.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Police say two suspects stormed the pawn shop Tuesday afternoon to rob the place.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 典当，抵押物; （国际象棋中的）兵，卒; <比喻>爪牙; 人质
vt. 典当，抵押; 以（某事物）担保; 拿（生命，名誉等）作保证
时态：pawned, pawning, pawns
分布：典当(84%)，人质(9%)，抵押物(5%)，以 ... 为担保(2%)
→来自古法语peon,兵，卒，来自拉丁语pedonem,步兵，来自拉丁语pedis,脚，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.最初用于国际象棋卒，后引申词义走卒。pawn 质押，典当
US [pɑ:n] noun
GAME PIECE 棋子
countable
■any one of the eight least valuable pieces in the game of chess which are all the same （国际象棋中的）兵，卒
countable
■a person who does not have any real power but is used by others to achieve something （无实权而被人利用的）棋子，爪牙
• The refugees are pawns in an international political dispute. 这些难民成了一场国际政治争端的棋子。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɑ:n] noun
MONEY 金钱
in pawn
■left with a pawnbroker 被典当；当掉
• She had to put her ring in pawn to pay the bills. 为了支付帐单，她不得不当掉戒指。
UK [pɔ:n] US [pɑ:n] verb transitive
■to leave a possession with a pawnbroker, for which they give money but which they can also sell if the money is not paid back within a particular time 典当，典押，质押
• Of all items pawned, jewellery is the most common. 在所有的抵押品中最常见的是珠宝。
n. [贸易] 典当； [经] 抵押物；兵，卒；人质
 - hostage

Word: simmering
Front: simmering
['sɪmərɪŋ] (12631/15430)
Back: v. 炖，慢煮( simmer的现在分词 ); 充满势将爆发的（怒气等）
分布：煨(70%)，动词simmer的现在分词形式(15%)，难以平息的；即将爆发的(15%)
V-ERG
用文火炖;煨
When you simmer food or when it simmers, you cook it by keeping it at boiling point or just below boiling point.
例：Make an infusion by boiling and simmering the rhubarb and camomile together...将大黄和甘菊一起煮沸再用文火炖,熬成汤药。
例：Turn the heat down so the sauce simmers gently.将炉火调小，用文火炖调味汁。
VERB
(冲突、争吵等)酝酿，即将爆发
If a conflict or a quarrel simmers, it does not actually happen for a period of time, but eventually builds up to the point where it does.
例：...bitter divisions that have simmered for more than half a century...酝酿了半个多世纪的严重分歧
例：The gardener exploded with the rage that had simmered all morning...花匠憋了一个早上的愤怒终于爆发了。

Word: exhilarating
Front: exhilarating
[ɪgˈzɪləreɪtɪŋ] (托 12598/11779)
Vocabulary: exhilarating
(once / 2461 pages)
adj
Something exhilarating is so exciting it makes you a little giddy. "Snowboarding that black-diamond trail was exhilarating!"
Zipping through the snow is certainly exhilarating, but ski bunnies and snowboarders might not choose this fancy adjective first. They might just yell, "Woohoo!" It's always been a fun-loving word; its Latin roots mean "gladden, cheer." A ride on a glass elevator with a cute vampire could be exhilarating, and so could a surprise party, or a ride on an old roller coaster. It can be so refreshing, you can't exhale after something exhilarating happens.
WORD FAMILY
exhilarating: exhilaratingly+/ exhilarate: exhilarated, exhilarates, exhilarating, exhilaration / exhilaration: exhilarations
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a season of close finishes and a few exhilarating moments.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
So one of the most gratifying qualities of “Hidden Figures” is how it bursts onto the screen like a shot of distilled, exhilarating joy.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The scary, exhilarating brightness of raw adolescence emanates from every scene of Sarah DeLappe’s incandescent portrait of an indoor soccer team.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人高兴的，令人兴奋的; 振奋的
v. 使高兴，使兴奋( exhilarate的现在分词)
分布：令人高兴的(46%)，令人兴奋的(36%)，令人振奋的(18%)
使人兴奋的(exhilarate兴奋,高兴;参考:hilarious十分高兴的)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■making you feel very excited and happy 令人极度兴奋的；使人兴高采烈的
• an exhilarating walk in the mountains 令人兴奋的山中漫步
adj. 使人愉快的；令人喜欢的；爽快的
 - snappy
v. 使高兴，使兴奋（exhilarate的现在分词形式）
 - gratifying

Word: glaring
Front: glaring
[ˈgleərɪŋ] (托 12610/14378 -1)
Vocabulary: glaring
(once / 869 pages)
adj
Whether it's a bright light or a fault, glaring things are obvious. You just can't miss them.
Something glaring is obvious to everyone. Sometimes, there's a glaring light that's in your eyes, such as the glaring beams of the sun. Other times, it could be a glaring fault. For example, if you're a very short basketball player, your height is something everyone knows you have to overcome: it's a glaring problem for that sport. Things that are glaring in this way are almost always bad: there aren't any glaring ice cream cones or puppies. You can't avoid looking at things that are glaring, but you wish you could.
WORD FAMILY
glaring: glaringest, glaringly+/ glare: glared, glares, glaring
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been building up for years, and now the contrasts in America are so glaring as to be blinding.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
But with a national television audience looking on, the post-toss exchange was glaring.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Among the more glaring breakdowns against the Golden Eagles were the team’s 15 turnovers.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 耀眼的，闪闪发光的; 炫耀的，显眼的; 瞪眼的; 粗俗的
v. 怒目而视(glare的现在分词); 发强光
分布：耀眼的(52%)，明显的(37%)，怒视的(5%)，华丽而俗气的(3%)，动词glare的现在分词.(3%)
→来自glare, 怒目而视的，愤怒的。
【反】unnoticeable（adj 不易被察觉的）
US ['gler.ɪŋ] adjective
OBVIOUS 明显的
■describes something bad that is very obvious （负面事物）十分显眼的，易见的，明显的
• glaring errors 明显的错误
• a glaring injustice 明显不公正
UK ['gleə.rɪŋ] US ['gler.ɪŋ] adjective
SHINING 闪耀的
■shining too brightly 刺眼的；耀眼的，眩目的
• glaring light 刺眼的光
• glaring colours 艳丽的色彩
adj. 耀眼的；瞪视的；炯炯的
 - sparkly, dazzling

Word: loathe
Front: loathe
[ləʊð] (托宝 12607/11256 -1)
Vocabulary: loathe
(once / 823 pages)
v
If you loathe someone or something, you hate them very much. You might not choose to eat raw carrots if you dislike them, but if you loathe them, you might have a hard time even having them on your plate.
This word suggests a strong feeling of disgust. Near synonyms are abhor and detest. The verb loathe descends from Middle English lothen, from Old English lāthian. The related adjective loathsome means "hateful or disgusting," and the adjective loath means "not willing to do something," as in "I'm loath to cheat on a test, but I don't see what choice I have."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
loath / loathe
Confusion between loath ("unwilling or reluctant") and loathe ("to hate") is a growing trend.
What do the following sentences have in common?
But Saudi Arabia isn't the only Muslim country that seems to loath Iran.
Broadcasters are loathe to relinquish control of lucrative cable package services to third party providers.
I'm loathe to put up another Netbook, so let's try this.
Deep Down inside Bud Grant loaths the state of affairs in Minny.
All of them use either loath or loathe incorrectly and all are from trusted publications. The error is a growing trend. Garner's Modern American Usage puts this error at stage 3: "commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage."
Loath means to be unwilling or reluctant about something:
For-profit education institutions have been loath to put out that kind of information.
Coalition upper house leader David Davis was loath to speculate on the final outcome in the 40-seat Legislative Council.
Loathe, on the other hand, means to strongly dislike someone or something or find it disgusting:
Love it or loathe it, there's no denying that the holiday season is upon us.
And if voters in general dislike Obamacare, Republican voters positively loathe it.
When it comes to loath and loathe, choose your words with care and avoid a common error.
WORD FAMILY
loathe: loathed, loather, loathes, loathing +/loather: loathers/ loathing: loathings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hopper’s background was in commercial illustration, an occupation that he loathed and that he successfully escaped.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
This is a term that I loathe,” she wrote in 2008’s “Wishful Drinking,” which she transformed into a one-woman show and an HBO documentary.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Edward, who loathes gelatin, declined the pudding, but ate his whipped cream quickly with a spoon and retired to his room.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 憎恨，厌恶（某人、某事物）; [口]极不喜欢（某事物）
时态：loathed, loathing, loathes
分布：厌恶(82%)，憎恶(18%)
→来自loath,厌恶的，-e,动词后缀，词源同bathe,breathe.
US [loʊð] verb transitive
■to hate someone or something 恨，憎恨；厌恶
• From an early age the brothers have loathed each other. 自小时候起，兄弟俩就一直相互厌恶。
• "Do you like fish?" "No, I loathe it." “你喜欢鱼吗？”“不，我讨厌鱼。”
• [+ -ing verb] I loathe doing housework. 我讨厌做家务。
vt. 讨厌，厌恶
 - hate, take a dislike to

Word: veal
Front: veal
[vi:l] (高 12617/21553 -1)
Back: n. 牛肉; 小牛
分布：小牛肉(100%)
→来自拉丁语vitulus,小牛，字母t脱落，来自wet,年，词源同vellum,wether，原指尚未成年的小牛，后指小牛肉。
noun uncountable
■meat from a very young cow 小牛肉；牛犊肉
n. [畜牧] 小牛（等于vealer）；小牛肉
 - calf, runt

Word: naughty
Front: naughty
[ˈnɔ:ti] (研四六托 12639/7181 -1)
Vocabulary: naughty
(once / 818 pages)
1adj 2adj
Naughty describes someone — or someone’s pet — who is disobedient, bad, rascally, or otherwise poorly behaved.
You might remember the word naughty by the way it sounds; think of it as containing the sound "not" as in "Naughty is what you get called when you get caught doing something you were NOT supposed to do!" While naughtiness may be in the eye of the beholder, every human culture seems to have its own version of naughty. For instance, those who celebrate Christmas and want to be on Santa’s “nice” list better avoid any naughty behaviors!
WORD FAMILY
naughty: naughtier, naughtiest, naughtily, naughtiness+/naughtiness: naughtinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are not a smoker, think about whether you have any regular spends or naughty habits that you could cut back on.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
It’s about the fun of being naughty, the kind of puerile fun little bullies have.
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
“Bad Santa 2,” starring Billy Bob Thornton as a debauched Kriss Kringle, went straight to moviegoers’ naughty list.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 顽皮的; 不听话的; 淘气的; 下流的
级别：naughtier, naughtiest
分布：淘气的(51%)，顽皮的(48%)，不妥的(1%)
→来自naught,零，没有。引申词义邪恶的，没有道德的，后主要用于指小孩顽皮淘气。
a.顽皮的,淘气的It was naughty of you to pull the cat's tail.你拉猫的尾巴太顽皮了.
US ['nɑ:.tˌi] adjective
BADLY BEHAVED 行为失当
 ADVANCED
■When children are naughty, or their behaviour is naughty, they behave badly or do not do what they are told to do （儿童）淘气的，调皮的，不听话的
• Now that's naughty - you mustn't throw food on the floor! 真淘气——你不能把食物扔在地上！
• Our boss treats us all like naughty schoolchildren. 我们的老板把我们当成调皮的小学生来对待。
■used slightly humorously to describe an adult who has behaved badly or an adult's bad action （用于成人时略显幽默）不守规矩的
• "I'm afraid I borrowed your car without asking." "Yes, that was very naughty of you - I needed it at the weekend!" “抱歉，我未经允许就擅自借用了你的车。｣“是啊，你真不像话，我本来周末要用的！｣
UK ['nɔ:.ti] US ['nɑ:.tˌi] adjective
SEXUAL 性的 informal humorous
■involving or suggesting sex 性的；色情的；性挑逗的
• The film was shown on television but they'd cut out all the naughty scenes/ UKbits. 电视上播放这部电影，但他们把所有涉及性的镜头都剪掉了。
• He always buys her naughty underwear for her birthday. 他总是给她买性感的内衣作为生日礼物。
adj. 顽皮的，淘气的；不听话的；没规矩的；不适当的；下流的
 - blue, dirty, unhappy, inadequate, wrong

Word: refinance
Front: refinance
[ˌri:ˈfaɪnæns] (12604/35569 -1)
Vocabulary: refinance
(once / 5062 pages)
v
To refinance a loan is to start the terms over again, usually with a lower interest rate. If you buy a house with a mortgage at a high interest rate, you may be able to refinance later and pay less each month.
When you take out a loan from a bank, you always have to pay interest — you agree to pay the money back, plus a certain monthly or yearly percentage of it. If this percentage is high, or the monthly payment is too much, you can sometimes refinance the loan and get new terms that are better. Finance was originally an Old French word meaning "payment" or "settlement of a debt."
WORD FAMILY
refinance: refinanced, refinances, refinancing+/ finance: financed, finances, financial, financier, financing, refinance / financial: financially, nonfinancial/ financier: financiering, financiers/ financing: financings
USAGE EXAMPLES
District of Columbia University, $311.5 million of revenue refinancing bonds.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Otherwise, consider refinancing any private loans separately and apply the amount you save to your federal loan bills.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Energy Future refinanced billions of dollars in debt early in its chapter 11 proceeding and said it was entitled to ignore the make-whole clause.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 再为…筹钱; 对…再供资金
时态：refinanced, refinancing, refinances
分布：重新申请贷款(56%)，再筹资金(44%)
→re-,再，重新，finance,金融，融资。
VERB
（为了清偿债务）重新融资，再筹资金
If a person or a company refinances a debt or if they refinance, they borrow money in order to pay the debt.
例：A loan was arranged to refinance existing debt...办理贷款以清偿现有债务。
例：It can be costly to refinance.再融资有时费用会很高。

Word: wobble
Front: wobble
[ˈwɒbl] (宝 12620/14218 -1)
Vocabulary: wobble
(once / 3178 pages)
vn
When things wobble, they teeter or rock unsteadily back and forth. A brand new bike rider is bound to wobble a little bit when she's pedaling down the street.
A cafe table might wobble annoyingly until you prop up one leg with folded paper. And, when you first step off an amusement park ride, your legs might wobble for a while. Your voice can wobble too, or tremble, especially when you're upset or nervous. People wobble figuratively too: "When politicians wobble on important issues, it's hard to trust them."
WORD FAMILY
wobble: wobbled, wobbler, wobbles, wobbling, wobbly+/wobbler: wobblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’ve played without Griffin before and survived, but they were wobbling Sunday as they started a stretch of five games in seven nights.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The men with logs balance jerkily, while an entire family wobbles precariously by on one bicycle.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
She was so high that time that she wobbled down the long driveway to the police car in a haze.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. <使>晃动; <使>摇摆不定; 颤动
n. 摇动，晃动; 不稳定
时态：wobbled, wobbling, wobbles
分布：摇晃(38%)，摆动(30%)，不稳定(8%)，游移不定(8%)，动摇(8%)，使摇晃(4%)，使动摇(4%)
→来自webh，转，弯，编织，词源同web,weave。引申义摇摆。
【记】wo我，bb宝宝，le乐：我的宝宝乐了－摇晃身体
【反】stabilize（v 稳定）
US ['wɑ:.bl] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) shake or move from side to side in a way that shows poor balance （使）摇晃，（使）摇摆
• That bookcase wobbles whenever you put anything on it. 那个书架你一放东西就摇摇晃晃。
• Don't wobble the table, please, Dan. 丹，别晃桌子好吗？
• figurative The company's shares wobbled with the news of a foreign takeover bid. 这家公司的股票由于外国公司收购的消息而波动。
UK ['wɒb.l] US ['wɑ:.bl] verb
NOT CERTAIN 不确定的
intransitive informal
■to be uncertain what to do or to change repeatedly between two opinions 拿不定主意；动摇；（在两种观点间）变来变去
• The government can't afford to wobble on this issue. 如果政府在这个问题上不作出果断决策就会付出巨大代价。
UK ['wɒb.l] US ['wɑ:.bl] noun countable
MOVEMENT 移动
■a movement from side to side which shows poor balance （使）摇晃，（使）摇摆
• I gave the poles a slight wobble and the whole tent collapsed. 我轻轻晃了晃几根柱子，整个帐篷就倒了。
• figurative The closure of the company's German subsidiary caused a sharp wobble in its profits. 这家公司德国分部关闭，导致其利润急剧下降。
UK ['wɒb.l] US ['wɑ:.bl] noun countable
NOT CERTAIN 不确定的 informal
■a feeling of not being certain about something 拿不定主意；动摇；（在两种观点间）变来变去
• She's having a bit of a wobble about the move to New York. 她对是否搬到纽约还有点犹豫不决。
vi. 摇晃；摇摆；游移不定
 - rock, roll
n. [物] 摆动；摇晃；不稳定
 - instability, flux, roll, swing
vt. 使摇摆；使颤动；摇动
 - rock, shake

Word: inseparable
Front: inseparable
[ɪnˈseprəbl] (12640/11336 -1)
Vocabulary: inseparable
(once / 1144 pages)
adj
People or things that are inseparable can't be separated. It's like they're glued together.
Usually, this word applies to people and is a bit of an exaggeration. Two friends who hang out every day are considered inseparable. Two people who are in love and spend most of their time together are inseparable. It's not that they can't be separated, but they don't want to be. Inseparable people love being together.
WORD FAMILY
inseparable: inseparably+/separable: inseparable, separability, separably/ separate: separable, separated, separately, separateness, separates, separating, separation, separatism, separative, separator/separateness: separatenesses/ separation: separationism, separations/separationism: separationist/separationist: separationists/separatism: separatisms, separatist/separatist: separatists/separator: separators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“What is more important, saving lives or saving stones? In reality, these two are inseparable.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It depicts repugnant attitudes and practices of white supremacy that poisoned earlier generations’ achievements and that are inseparable from those achievements.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Messenger and message were inseparable; he offered himself as Exhibit A in the case for hope and change.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可分的，分不开的; 不能分离的
n. 不可分离的事物; 形影不离的好友
分布：不能分的(100%)
→in-,不，非，separable,可分开的。
adjective
■describes two or more people who are such good friends that they spend most of their time together, or two or more things that are so closely connected that they cannot be considered separately （人）形影不离的，亲密无间的；（事物）分不开的，不可分的
• When we were kids Zoe and I were inseparable. 我和佐伊在孩提时代形影不离。
• Unemployment and inner city decay are inseparable issues which must be tackled together. 失业与市中心贫民区的残破不堪是分不开的问题，必须一起解决。
adj. [数] 不可分割的；不能分离的
 - indissociable, inalienable

Word: clamber
Front: clamber
[ˈklæmbə(r)] (12625/10105 -1)
Vocabulary: clamber
(once / 1026 pages)
vn
To clamber is to climb awkwardly. Hamlet's Ophelia was said to have been clambering on a weak branch of a willow when she met her "muddy death." It's never a good idea to clamber, let alone on weak willow branches.
We associate the word clamber far more often with toddlers (than Shakespearean tragedy). Toddlers are known for naturally clumsy, ill-coordinated movements we deem cute not foolish. Suitably enough, the word comes from the delightful and long obsolete Middle English word clamb, meaning the past tense of climb, a word that has all the happy logic of a toddler's imagination.
WORD FAMILY
clamber: clambered, clambering, clambers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Fisher clambered up on top of it “all by herself,” he said, and sat through the entire performance.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But he too sees them becoming popular gadgets, helping hikers clamber up mountains.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Kids clambered on benches built into the walls, and tourists snapped photos of child-sized George dolls.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. （吃力地）攀登，攀爬
n. 困难的或麻烦的攀登
时态：clambered, clambering, clambers
分布：攀登(100%)
→来自climb,爬，-er,表反复。
US [-bɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to climb up, across or into somewhere with difficulty, using the hands and the feet （手脚并用费力地）攀登，攀爬
• They clambered over/up the rocks. 他们攀上了岩石。
• I clambered into/onto the bus. 我挤进了公车。
• She clambered into bed. 她爬上了床。
vi. 攀登，爬上
 - scale, climb
vt. 爬，攀登
 - climb, scale
n. 攀登，爬上
 - climb, escalade

Word: enactment
Front: enactment
[ɪˈnæktmənt] (托 12667/12576)
Back: n. （法律的）制定，颁布; 法律，法规; 扮演
分布：法规(100%)
(法令)颁布(enact颁布)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
【反】rescission（n 废除）
N-VAR
(法律的)制定，通过
The enactment of a law is the process in a parliament or other law-making body by which the law is agreed upon and made official.
例：We support the call for the enactment of a Bill of Rights.我们支持要求通过《权利法案》的呼声。
N-VAR
表演;演出;上演
The enactment of a play or story is the performance of it by an actor or group of actors.
例：The main building was also used for the enactment of mystery plays.主楼还用于神秘剧的演出。
n. 制定，颁布；通过；法令
 - establishment, act

Word: unilaterally
Front: unilaterally
[ˌju:nɪˈlætərəlɪ] (12636/15984)
Vocabulary: unilaterally
(once / 11047 pages)
adv
Doing something unilaterally means it's done without the agreement or participation of other people it might affect. A dad might decide unilaterally to take his family to Indiana for summer vacation, without asking them where they'd like to go.
You're most likely to come across the word unilaterally in a news report, since it's often used to describe actions taken by governments. If one country unilaterally launches an attack on another, it means the country's government does not consult groups like the United Nations or other affected countries before making the decision to attack. The Latin root, unilateralis, combines the prefix uni, or "one," with latus, "side," to make a word that means "one-sided."
WORD FAMILY
unilateral: unilateralism, unilaterally +/ unilateralism: unilateralist/unilateralist: unilateralists
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the Penn State 27-yard line, receiver Deontay Burnett unilaterally decided to scrap his pass route and beeline to the end zone.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It appears the board may be trying to unilaterally amend the association's governing documents by instituting its water-intrusion policy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
And the president unilaterally committed the nation to an unpopular nuclear deal with Iran, bypassing the Senate’s treaty ratification power.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 单方面做出地; 仅影响一方地; 单方面地; 单边地
分布：单方面的(72%)，单边的(18%)，单系的(10%)
ADJ
一方的；单边的；单方面的
A unilateral decision or action is taken by only one of the groups, organizations, or countries that are involved in a particular situation, without the agreement of the others.
例：...unilateral nuclear disarmament.单方面核裁军

Word: baron
Front: baron
[ˈbærən] (六宝 11092/5078 -1)
Vocabulary: baron
(once / 173 pages)
n
A baron is a nobleman — a member of the aristocracy. Barons are also important, powerful businessmen with huge influence over their industries. In Britain, a baron is called “Lord,” but in the States, we call them “rich.”
Barons are members of the aristocracy — wealthy people born into power and influence. How high a baron ranks depends on the country, but the title always carries respect. Similarly, a business leader who is rich, powerful, and influential is a baron. The term is used in phrases such as oil baron and baron of industry. You can also call that kind of baron a big businessman, magnate, mogul, top executive, or tycoon.
WORD FAMILY
baron: baronial, barons+/baronial: baronially
USAGE EXAMPLES
After his defeat, he was soon offered a way back to Parliament, as a hereditary peer - becoming the 4th Baron Avebury in 1971.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Familiar elements remain, including the baron’s famously upturned pigtail, which once supposedly pulled him and his horse from a swamp.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The bus owned by Barons Bus was traveling from Chicago to Columbus, Ohio.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 男爵; 大亨，巨头; 贵族; 脊肉
分布：名词(100%)
→词源不确定，可能来自词根bar, 重，指重要的人，有影响力的人。
大财主(来自拉丁文baro,意为男人)[-on表名词,指人,物和一些物理学上的名词]
【记】1）baro压－压迫别人的人－贵族2）读：白肉。据传，蒜泥白肉在清朝不是什么人都能吃的，只有皇宫里的一些贵族、大亨、巨头才有这个口福。3）读：拜仁（慕尼黑）：足球界的巨头4）bar on：在酒吧房顶上喝酒的人－牛人－巨头
noun countable
■(the title of) a British man who has the lowest rank in the highest social class 男爵（爵位）
■an extremely powerful person in a particular area of business 巨头，大亨
• media/press barons 媒体／新闻巨头
• a drug baron 大毒枭
n. 男爵；大亨；巨头
 - tycoon, big boy

Word: nook
Front: nook
[nʊk] (托 12643/18768)
Vocabulary: nook
(once / 1063 pages)
n
A nook is a cozy little corner or a small, safe area. A nook in the library can be a nice place to sit and read.
If you have a "breakfast nook" in your kitchen, you know it's a space set back from the main room, maybe built into a corner or under a window, where you can sit at a small table. All nooks are small and sheltered in some way. You may have come across nook in the phrase "nook and cranny." This is often meant figuratively, as when you search every single nook and cranny in your whole house looking for your wallet.
WORD FAMILY
nook: nooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tucked in a nook decorated with handsome artworks was a small desk with a drawer that contained pens, paper and a corkscrew.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Located on the third floor of the department store, the restaurant occupies a small nook surrounded by shoppers and racks of clothing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Both sprawling and cozy — with shaded outdoor tables, a playground and nooks next to the fireplace for cooler days — it offers excellent food.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 角落; 隐蔽处; 每个角落; 到处
分布：角落(97%)，躲蔽处(3%)
→词源不详。可能同neck,弯，转，脖子。引申词义拐角处，小角落。
[nʊk] literary
noun countable
■a small space which is hidden or partly sheltered 角落；隐蔽处；幽深处
• a cosy/sheltered/quiet nook 舒适的／不受风雨侵袭的／僻静的角落
[nʊk] literary
noun countable
every nook and cranny
■every part of a place 处处，到处
• Every nook and cranny of the house was stuffed with souvenirs of their trips abroad. 房间到处都塞满了他们出国旅行带回来的纪念品。
n. 角落；隐匿处；核武器；凹处
 - corner, recession, cavity

Word: detonate
Front: detonate
[ˈdetəneɪt] (宝 12637/19272 -1)
Vocabulary: detonate
(once / 2604 pages)
v
Boom! To detonate is to explode or cause something to explode. If a bad guy lights the fuse of a stick of dynamite, run before it detonates!
In war, there is a lot of detonating, which is when something violently explodes, like bombs or grenades. When someone steps on a landmine, it detonates. The detonating of nuclear bombs devastated Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II. Also, to detonate is to set off a bomb. Pushing a button, flicking a switch, or lighting a fuse could detonate a bomb. Either way, to detonate is to blow up.
WORD FAMILY
detonate: detonated, detonates, detonating, detonation, detonative, detonator+/ detonation: detonations/detonator: detonators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Once the workers gathered around, he detonated the vehicle.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cakmak, the security guard, was working at the stadium when the car bomb detonated on Dec. 11, Turkish media reported.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The men then detonated explosive belts they were wearing, killing themselves and the two security men.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）爆炸，引爆; 触发（一连串事件）
时态：detonated, detonating, detonates
分布：爆炸(70%)，使爆炸(22%)，使爆裂(4%)，发爆炸声(4%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-ton, 打雷，爆炸，词源同thunder, astonish. 即爆掉，引爆。
【记】de下，ton轰隆地响－爆炸de下，ton吨：掉下来一吨的东西－发出爆炸声de下，ton吨，ate吃：向下吃了一吨东西，肚子－爆炸
【参】monotone（n 单调；adj 单调的）；detonation（n 爆炸（声））
US ['detˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause something to) explode 引爆，（使）爆炸
• The device detonated unexpectedly. 装置发生了意外爆炸。
• A remote control device was used to detonate the bomb. 有人用遥控装置引爆了那枚炸弹。
vt. 使爆炸
 - spring, shoot
vi. 引爆，爆炸
 - blow apart, to explode

Word: strenuous
Front: strenuous
[ˈstrenjuəs] (研托雅 12644/11142 -1)
Vocabulary: strenuous
(once / 714 pages)
adj
Something strenuous requires all your effort and strength, like a hard workout at the gym or carrying a backpack full of heavy books.
Strenuous can also describe something done with lots of energy or force. If your boss asks you to do a strenuous task like carry a couch up a flight of stairs by yourself, and you refuse by jumping up and down in protest, you have a strenuous objection to her request. To remember how to spell it, remember that something strenuous requires the strength of two of you! That's why there are two u's in strenUoUs.
WORD FAMILY
strenuous: strenuosity, strenuously, strenuousness+/distrain: distrained, distraining, distrains/overstrain: overstrained, overstraining, overstrains/ strain: distrain, overstrain, strained, strainer, straining, strains, strenuous, unstrain/strained: strainedest, strainedly/strainer: strainers/straining: strainingly, strainings/strenuosity: strenuosities/unstrain: unstrained, unstraining/unstrained: unstrainedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It shows that, in rodents at least, strenuous exercise seems to beneficially change how certain genes work inside the brain.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
Many were under age 35, enjoyed strenuous workouts and were suffering immense hip pain.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“The Encounter” is a strenuous play for an actor.
The New Yorker(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 费力的，用力的; 热烈的; 紧张的; 奋发的
分布：繁重的(38%)，费力的(29%)，奋发的(20%)，积极的(13%)
→可能最终来自 ster,坚硬的，僵硬的，词源同 stern,stark,sterile.引申词义费力的，艰苦的 等。词义演变比较 hard.同时比较拉丁语 strenuus,敏捷的，迅速的，积极的，渴望的。
a.费力的,艰辛的;奋发的,努力的He undertook a strenuous task.他接手一项艰巨的任务.
adjective
■needing or using a lot of physical or mental effort or energy 费力的，费劲的；繁重的；耗费精力的
• He rarely does anything more strenuous than changing the channels on the television. 他很少做比切换电视频道更费神的事。
• His doctor advised him not to take any strenuous exercise. 他的医生建议他不要做任何剧烈运动。
• Strenuous efforts were made throughout the war to disguise the scale of civilian casualties. 整个战争期间，政府都在煞费苦心掩饰人民的伤亡程度。
adj. 紧张的；费力的；奋发的；艰苦的；热烈的
 - intense, tough, rough

Word: millimeter
Front: millimeter
['mɪlɪˌmi:tə] (研托 12635/-)
Back: n. 毫米
分布：毫米(100%)
毫米(milli[milli-表示"千,千分之一"]+meter→千分之一米)
n.(millimetre)毫米The silicon chip is less than a millimeter thick.这个硅片还不到一毫米厚.
n. [计量] 毫米
 - mm millimetre, strich, milimetre

Word: replay
Front: replay
[ˈri:pleɪ] (11529/9256 -2)
Vocabulary: replay
(once / 3540 pages)
vn
When you replay something, you play it again, whether it's a soccer match or a blues tune on your guitar. You can even replay, or repeat, a happy event over and over again in your mind.
If you take a video of your kitten playing with a ball of yarn, you can replay it any time you need a little cheering up. And in some sports, teams will replay a game that ends in a tie or is cancelled because of bad weather. This sports meaning is actually the oldest on record for replay, from an 1862 description of a curling match.
WORD FAMILY
replay: replayed, replaying, replays+/interplay: interplays/misplay: misplayed, misplaying, misplays/overplay: overplayed, overplaying, overplays/ play: counterplay, foreplay, interplay, misplay, overplay, playable, played, player, playful, playing, playlet, plays, replay, underplay/playable: unplayable/ player: players/ playful: playfully, playfulness, unplayful/ playfulness: playfulnesses/playing: playings/playlet: playlets/underplay: underplayed, underplaying, underplays/unplayful: unplayfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
N.F.L. installs replay policy that mandates official review of every gain of more than 2 yards.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I think not but the replay was inconclusive.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Every Christmas season the two Hallmark Channels release or replay a familiar holiday script.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 重播，重放
v. 重演，重新举行
时态：replayed, replaying, replays
分布：重播(35%)，重放(29%)，重赛(22%)，重演(12%)，重新比赛(2%)
→re-,再，重新，play,演奏。
verb transitive
COMPETITION 比赛
■to play a game, especially a football game, again that neither team won the first time （尤指足球比赛因没有决出胜负）重新举行
[ˌri:'pleɪ] verb transitive
RECORDING 录音／录影
■to play something again, especially music or film recorded already （尤指音乐录音或电影录影）重播，重放
• The police replayed the video of the robbery in court. 员警在法庭上重放了抢劫过程发生时的监控录影。
vt. [电视] [广播] 重放；重演；重新比赛
 - re-act
n. 重赛； [电视] 重播；重演
 - re-run

Word: logger
Front: logger
[ˈlɒgə(r)] (12619/26714 -1)
Vocabulary: logger
(once / 11975 pages)
n
A logger is a person whose job involves cutting down trees. If you like using a chain saw, then maybe you should pursue a career as a logger.
If you're a logger, you'll use chain saws to fell trees or split logs into pieces; operate a skidder, which pulls large logs out of the forest; load logs onto trucks, or drive trucks loaded with timber. There's also a different kind of logger in the world of computers, a program that makes it easy to keep a list or record of things. This is closer to the original meaning of logger, "one who enters data in a log."
WORD FAMILY
logger: loggers+/ log: logged, logger, logging, logs/logging: loggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sproul wants the agency to open more burned areas for loggers to salvage trees.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The lands are treasured by outdoor enthusiasts and vital to cattle ranchers, oil companies and loggers.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The fire district says responders were able to reach the loggers because of an anonymous donation for a new four-wheel drive medic unit.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. <美>樵夫; 伐木工; 记录器
分布：记录器(77%)，伐木工(10%)，樵夫(10%)，注册器(3%)
→来自log,原木，伐木。
US ['lɑ:.gɚ] noun countable
■a person who cuts down trees for wood 伐木工人，伐木者
n. （美）樵夫，伐木工； [计] 记录器
 - woodcutter, recorder

Word: treasure
Front: treasure
[ˈtreʒə(r)] (中高研四六托 4074/4538 -2)
Vocabulary: treasure
(once / 133 pages)
nv
Treasure is usually associated with riches — gold, jewels, doubloons — the stuff contained in pirates' treasure chests. However, you can also treasure things with purely sentimental value — like your pet rock or your blankie.
The English word treasure comes from the Old French tresor, both meaning "something of great worth." Still, the French tresor sounds so much more luxurious than the English treasure, and that form is the chosen name for an expensive perfume. Worth is relative, though. Going back further, we find that the Latin word for treasury is thesaurus, which is what a book of synonyms is called. Guess the ancients always understood the richness — and worth — of words.
WORD FAMILY
treasure: treasured, treasures, treasuring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now, more than a decade later, the Saints are a civic treasure and the Chargers on the verge of leaving San Diego.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Chances are that the universe neither treasures nor regrets us.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Some of us remember the Vietnam War, its cost in blood and treasure and its disastrous ending.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 金银财宝; 宝藏; 珍宝; 不可多得的人才
vt. 重视; 珍惜; 珍视; 储存
时态：treasured, treasuring, treasures
分布：财富(48%)，珍视(19%)，宝物(18%)，珍藏(15%)
→来自古法语 tresor,宝库，藏宝，来自拉丁语 thesaurus,宝库，来自希腊语 thesauros,仓库，来 自 dhe,做，放置，词源同 do,thesis,thesaurus.引申词义财富，珍宝。
n.财宝,财富;珍品v.珍爱,珍惜I can't endure the leisured man's measures for the treasures in the treasury.我不能容忍那个悠闲男子对金库财宝采取的措施.
US [-ɚ] noun
VALUABLE THINGS 珍品
 IMPROVER uncountable
■very valuable things, usually in the form of a store of precious metals, precious stones or money 财宝；珍宝
• Stories about pirates often include a search for buried treasure. 海盗故事中经常包括搜寻宝藏。
• When they opened up the tomb they found treasure beyond their wildest dreams. 他们挖开坟墓，发现了做梦也想像不到的珍宝。
treasures [plural]
■very valuable things, especially pieces of art 珍宝；（尤指）艺术珍品
• stolen art treasures 被盗的艺术珍品
• The museum houses many priceless treasures. 这家博物馆收藏了许多价值连城的珍品。
UK ['treʒ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
PERSON 人
countable informal
■someone who is very helpful and valuable to you 很有用的人；很重要的人
• I don't know what I'd have done without Lizzie when I was ill - she was an absolute treasure. 我生病时，要不是利齐真，不知道我会怎么样——她真是个不可多得的人。
countable mainly UK old-fashioned informal
■a friendly way of talking to someone, especially a child 宝贝（亲昵称呼，尤指小孩）
• Come on, treasure, let's go and see Granny. 赶快，宝贝，我们看奶奶去。
UK ['treʒ.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to take great care of something because you love it or consider it very valuable 珍爱；珍惜；珍藏
• I shall always treasure those memories of her. 我会一直珍藏对她的回忆。
• This pen that my grandfather gave me is one of my most treasured possessions. 我祖父送给我的这支钢笔是我最珍爱的东西之一。
n. 财富，财产；财宝；珍品
 - wealth, estate, money, fortune, property
vt. 珍爱；珍藏
 - cherish, enshrine

Word: entrenched
Front: entrenched
[ɪn'trentʃt] (托 12651/14266)
Vocabulary: entrenched
(once / 2724 pages)
adj
When you're entrenched, you're dug in. Sometimes that means you're literally in a trench, but usually it means you just won't budge from a position or belief.
Entrenched things are buried so solidly that they can't move — or just behave like they're firmly lodged in some deep hole. Usually this word refers to views people hold very strongly. Having turkey on Thanksgiving is a tradition that's entrenched in American culture — it's long been established and isn't going anywhere. When you're entrenched, you're being stubborn or consistent, depending on your view.
WORD FAMILY
entrench: entrenched, entrenches, entrenching, entrenchment+/entrenchment: entrenchments/ retrench: retrenched, retrenches, retrenching, retrenchment/retrenchment: retrenchments/ trench: entrench, retrench, trenched, trencher, trenches, trenching/ trencher: trenchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others complain of entrenched corruption at all levels, and predatory police.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Perhaps the reason for the disconnect isn’t just a reflection of deeply entrenched patriarchy.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
He’s an entrenched veteran of the state’s GOP who as attorney general decided not to criminally prosecute then-Gov.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 根深蒂固的，牢固的，固守的
v. 用壕沟围绕或保护…( entrench的过去式和过去分词 ); 牢固地确立…
分布：根深蒂固的(68%)，风俗等)确立的(16%)，(权力(16%)
【记】entrench（v 用壕沟围住；确立）
[ɪn'trentʃt] mainly disapproving
adjective
■Entrenched ideas are so fixed or have existed for so long that they cannot be changed 牢固确立的；根深柢固的；积重难返的
• It's very difficult to change attitudes that have become so deeply entrenched over the years. 要改变多年以来根深柢固的旧看法是很困难的。
• The organization was often criticized for being too entrenched in its views. 这个组织死守着自己的观点不变，因此常常受到批评。
adj. 根深蒂固的；确立的，不容易改的
 - rooted, inrooted
v. 确立；保证；挖掘壕沟（entrench的过去分词）
 - engaged, assured

Word: utensil
Front: utensil
[ju:ˈtensl] (六托宝 12652/18588 -1)
Vocabulary: utensil
(once / 1439 pages)
n
A utensil is a tool you can hold in your hand and use around the house. In the kitchen, common utensils are the knives, forks, and spoons that we hold in our hands and use to eat.
The word utensil comes from the Latin utensilia meaning "things for use." A pen is a writing utensil. A spatula is a cooking utensil. A scrub brush is a cleaning utensil. A knife is a cutting utensil. All of these objects can be held in your hand and are used to get something done.
WORD FAMILY
utensil: utensils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just as old is the verb form, for working with such a utensil.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
The Grays and their children filled Mr. Serugendo and Ms. Uwamahoro’s apartment with furniture, kitchen utensils and toys for the children.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Tents and freight containers stretched for blocks, selling everything from cooking utensils to women’s underwear.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 器具，用具; 器皿; 家庭厨房用具
分布：用具(100%)
→来自拉丁语uti, 使用，利用，用于指器具，器皿。
用具,器血(ut用+ensil表物品→用具)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
【记】ut＝use，ensil－厨房用品
noun countable
■a tool with a particular use, especially in a kitchen or house （尤指厨房或家用的）器具，用具
• In the drawer was a selection of kitchen utensils - spoons, spatulas, knives and whisks. 抽屉里有一套厨房用具——勺、铲子、刀和搅蛋器。
n. 用具， [轻] 器皿
 - vessel, tool

Word: honk
Front: honk
[hɒŋk] (12629/33405)
Vocabulary: honk
(once / 6251 pages)
1nv 2v
Honk! Out of the way! A honk is a noise made by a goose or a car horn. A goose's honk can be a greeting or warning, which is also true of a car horn's honk.
To make the sound of a honk is to honk, whether you're a goose or a taxi driver waiting for the light to turn green. The "cry of a goose" meaning is the oldest, and the word honk, especially if you say it loudly, sounds just like what it means. HONK! The most common honk these days comes from cars stuck in traffic or saying hello. Honk if you like definitions!
WORD FAMILY
honk: honked, honker, honking, honks+/honker: honkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During rush hour, the honking from bridge traffic is constant.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
As we drove along, a white BMW gave a loud honk, right behind us.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
It has the coordinated rhythm of an orchestra, except with honks and brakes screeching.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 雁叫声; 汽车的喇叭声
vt. & vi. （使）发出雁叫似的声音，鸣（喇叭），按（喇叭）
时态：honked, honking, honks
分布：雁叫声(57%)，汽车喇叭声(43%)
→拟声词，模仿鹅的叫声，后也用来指汽车鸣喇叭的声音。比较hoot.
US [hɑ:ŋk] verb intransitive or transitive
SOUND 声音
■If a goose or a car horn honks, it makes a short, loud sound. （鹅或汽车喇叭）鸣叫
UK [hɒŋk] US [hɑ:ŋk] verb intransitive or transitive
VOMIT 呕吐 UK slang
■to vomit 呕吐
• He honked (up) all over the floor. 他吐得满地都是。
UK [hɒŋk] US [hɑ:ŋk] noun countable
■a short, loud sound made by a car horn or a goose （短促大声的）汽车喇叭声或鹅叫声
• He gave us a honk on his horn as he drove off. 他驾车离开时向我们鸣了一下喇叭。

Word: immaculate
Front: immaculate
[ɪˈmækjələt] (宝 12659/8763 -1)
Vocabulary: immaculate
(once / 1800 pages)
adj
Immaculate means spotless, pure, and clean as fresh snow on a far-off mountain. Only obsessive cleaners can keep immaculate homes, but it’s a goal we can strive for, like that far-off mountain.
Immaculate literally means without a spot or a stain. We can use immaculate to describe physical things, like bathrooms or kitchens. But we also use the word metaphorically to describe honor or purity — in the Catholic church, being immaculate means being "free from sin," like the Virgin Mary. Or someone with a pure, exact singing voice could be described as having immaculate pitch. If your home team plays a perfect game, you could say their performance was immaculate.
WORD FAMILY
immaculate: immaculately, immaculateness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The piano’s tone is pristine, the articulation clean, the balance between the hands immaculate, the overall tenor both spirited and rapt.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Beyer Blinder Belle, the New York architecture firm, performed an act of thoughtful and immaculate preservation.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The greatest challenges fell to tenor Robert Murray, who sang Gerontius with beautiful timbre, expressive depth, and immaculate diction.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 洁净的; 无瑕疵的; 精确的; 完美的
分布：无过失的(40%)，洁白的(30%)，无瑕疵的(30%)
→im-,不，非，maculate,有污点的，有瑕疵的。
无缺点的[macul=spot(斑点)]
【记】macula（n 皮肤上的斑点）
【参】maculate（adj 有斑点的）
【反】squalor（n 肮脏；贫穷）
[ɪ'mæk.jʊ.lət] approving
adjective
■perfectly clean or tidy 洁净的；整洁的
• dressed in an immaculate white suit 身穿洁白的套装
• an immaculate garden 洁净的花园
■perfect and without any mistakes 完美的
• He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero. 他完美地扮演了那个年迈的英雄。
adj. 完美的；洁净的；无瑕疵的
 - perfect, stainless, ideal, full, flawless

Word: substantiate
Front: substantiate
[səbˈstænʃieɪt] (托雅宝 12648/11297 -1)
Vocabulary: substantiate
(once / 3347 pages)
v
To substantiate is to give support to a claim. We’d really like to believe in the Tooth Fairy; however, more evidence is needed to substantiate her existence (besides that quarter in your pocket).
Substantiate is related to the word substantial, which means "solid." So, to substantiate a claim is to make it solid or believable. If the evidence given in support of an argument is weak and unconvincing, that evidence can be described as insubstantial. Of course, in special cases like the Tooth Fairy, having substantial evidence doesn’t seem to matter; fans just keep on believing.
WORD FAMILY
substantiate: substantiated, substantiates, substantiating, substantiation+/substantiated: unsubstantiated/substantiation: substantiations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The report substantiated an Iranian statement last month about a transfer to Oman but does not identify the destination, the diplomat said on Tuesday.
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
The killing caused hysteria throughout the neighborhood with frequent, yet not necessarily substantiated, calls to police about attempted break-ins and prowlers.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
“My belief in the American people is substantiated,” Dr. Lee said.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: vt. 用事实支持（某主张、说法等），证实; 使具体（实体）化
时态：substantiated, substantiating, substantiates
分布：证实(88%)，实体化(12%)
→substance,要点，实质，-ate,使。引申词义证实，证明。拼写比较 space,spatial.
证实(sub+stant+iate→[把理论]物质化→证实)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【反】controvert（v 反驳）；disapprove（v 不赞成）；disproof（n 反证）－substantiation（n 实体化；证明）；inane（adj 空洞的）－substantiated（实体化的）
[səb'stæn.ʃi.eɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to show something to be true, or to support a claim with facts 证明…属实；证实
• We have evidence to substantiate the allegations against him. 我们有证据支持对他的指控。
• Reports that children had been hurt have not been substantiated. 有关儿童受到伤害的报导并未得到证实。
vt. 证实；使实体化
 - favor, make sure, validate, sustain

Word: flaming
Front: flaming
[ˈfleɪmɪŋ] (高 12654/15457 -1)
Back: adj. 燃烧的; 火红的，火焰般的; 热情的，激情的
v. flame的现在分词; 燃烧; 变亮
分布：燃烧的(58%)，火红的(33%)，热情的(6%)，动词flame的现在分词.(3%)
燃烧的;热烈的(flam+ing)[flam,flagr=blaze,表示"火焰"]
adjective
[before noun] UK slang
■used to add force, especially anger, to something which is said （尤用于强调愤怒）可恶的，讨厌的
• Put that down you flaming idiot! 把那个放下，你这个可恶的白痴！
a flaming row informal
■a very angry argument in which people shout at each other 激烈的争吵；大吵大嚷
• We had a flaming row over it last night. 昨晚我们为了这事大吵了一架。
['fleɪ.mɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the act of sending an angry or insulting email
   发送辱骂性电邮
adj. 燃烧的；火红的；激昂的
 - burning, heated
v. 燃烧；变亮；发光（flame的ing形式）
 - calcining

Word: intervening
Front: intervening
[ˌɪntəˈvi:nɪŋ] (12656/9611 -1)
Vocabulary: intervening
(once / 1113 pages)
adj
Intervening means happening between other things. Middle school is an intervening phase between elementary school and high school.
Intervening is an adjective that comes from the Latin intervenire, from inter-, meaning “between,” and venire, meaning “come.” That which is intervening comes between. The intervening period of your life between high school and college could involve a stint in the circus. You never know.
WORD FAMILY
intervene: intervened, intervenes, intervening, intervenor, intervention +/intervenor: intervenors/ intervention: interventions, nonintervention
USAGE EXAMPLES
By intervening, however, the central government would risk reigniting the passions that flared in 2014 when demonstrators paralysed business districts with sit-ins for several weeks.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
In the intervening time, they say, they will somehow keep people from losing insurance.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As a result, governments are intervening more frequently in exchange markets, often in nontransparent ways that raise suspicions of currency manipulation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 发生于其间的; 介于中间的
v. 介入(intervene的现在分词); 调停; 干涉; 介于…之间
分布：介于中间的(58%)，发生于其间的(28%)，动词intervene的现在分词形式.(14%)
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■happening between two times or between other events or activities 发生于其间
• It was a long time since my last visit to Berlin, and it had changed dramatically in the intervening period/years. 自从我上次去柏林已过了很长时间，这期间／这些年柏林发生了巨大的变化。

Word: glitch
Front: glitch
[glɪtʃ] (宝 12660/39299)
Vocabulary: glitch
(once / 9448 pages)
n
A glitch is a problem or malfunction, usually a temporary one, in a system or machine. Your science fair team might experience a major glitch in your plans if you lose your data tables as the result of a computer glitch.
Glitch is a pretty new word, introduced in the 1960s when the science and technology of space flight was being developed. It originally meant a sudden surge of electrical current that caused a disturbance or malfunction. The word can also be used more broadly to describe any unexpected difficultly, like the glitch in your travel plans that resulted from airport delays.
WORD FAMILY
glitch: glitches
USAGE EXAMPLES
It said that the problem affected about 1% of the requests its servers processed during the glitch period.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The problem that confronts the reader of “The Correspondence” is that, after the near-brilliant first three essays, the pieces begin to display glitches.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What worries me most isn’t the possibility of a cyberattack, a technical glitch, or a misunderstanding starting a nuclear war sometime next week.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 小过失，差错
分布：小故障(88%)，小失误(12%)
→来自依地语，词源同glide, 滑动。引申义小错误，后主要用于太空科技行话，差错，故障。
【源】严格来说，glitch是指电流中电压受阻或变化。在这里，宇航员第一个引申了glitch的含义，我们看到这个词是如何从它狭义的电子技术上的意义发展到更普遍的意义。此后这个词超出了技术上的使用范围，现在可指多种功能故障和灾祸
【记】g割，lit＝bit小，ch吃：从你的身上割下一小块肉吃了，你就会出现小故障。
noun countable
■a small problem or fault that prevents something from being successful or working as well as it should 小毛病；小差错；小故障
• We'd expected a few glitches, but everything's gone remarkably smoothly. 我们本来预计会出现一些小差错，但是一切都进展得非常顺利。
• The system has been plagued with glitches ever since its launch. 系统自启动以来不断有小故障。
■specialized
■a sudden unexpected increase in electrical power, especially one that causes a fault in an electronic system 短时脉冲波形干扰（突发性的电力增强，尤指那些导致电子系统发生故障的电力增强）
• The computer failure was due to a glitch caused by lightning. 这次电脑故障是由雷电造成的脉冲干扰所致。
n. 小故障；失灵； [电子] 短时脉冲波干扰
 - circumventing

Word: MBA
Front: MBA
[.em biː 'eɪ] (11106/17157 -1)
Back: abbr. 工商管理学硕士（Master of Business Administration）；海洋生物协会（Marine Biological Association）；主要战区（Main Battle Area）
noun countable abbreviation for
■Master of Business Administration: an advanced degree in business, or a person who has this 工商管理学硕士学位；工商管理学硕士

Word: full-blown
Front: full-blown
[ˈfʊlˈbləʊn] (宝 -1)
Back: adj. 成熟的; （花）盛开的; （帆）张满的; 充分发展的
分布：盛开的(40%)，成熟的(40%)，全面的(20%)
【记】blown（blow的过去分词；adj 喘气的；开花的）
【反】incipient（adj 初始的）
US [-'bloʊn] adjective [before noun] (also fully-blown)
■fully developed 充分发展的；成熟的
• full-blown AIDS 晚期爱滋病
adj. 成熟的；（花）盛开的；（帆等）张满的
 - developed, mature, adult

Word: countertop
Front: countertop
[ˈkaʊntətɒp] (12627/-)
Back: n. （厨房的）工作台面
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
(厨房的)工作台面，操作台
A countertop is a flat surface in a kitchen which is easily cleaned and on which you can prepare food.

Word: vain
Front: vain
[veɪn] (高研四六雅宝 10144/9731 -2)
Vocabulary: vain
(once / 60 pages)
adj
If you spend all day admiring yourself in reflective surfaces — mirrors, pools of water, the backs of spoons — people may think you are conceited or vain.
If, to your horror, you have searched everywhere for a reflective surface but can't find one, you have made a fruitless or vain search for a mirror. Vain is from Latin vanus "empty," and in English it originally meant "lacking value or effect, futile"; we still say "a vain attempt" using that sense, and the phrase "in vain" means "without success." Normally, though, vain means "conceited, too proud of oneself." Carly Simon's line "You're so vain, you probably think this song is about you" is an excellent illustration of this use.
WORD FAMILY
vain: vainer, vainest, vainly, vanity +/ vanity: vanities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Luckily, all those terrible holidays weren’t in vain, at least some saw the lighter side:
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
For decades, she tried in vain to enlist others in her preservation efforts.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There his friends waited anxiously and in vain for him to return.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 徒劳的; 自负的; 无结果的; 无用的
级别：vainer, vainest
分布：徒劳的(49%)，虚荣的(28%)，自负的(18%)，无效的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vanus,空的，虚无的，来自wa-no,分开的，遗弃的，词源同vacate,want,wane.
a.徒劳的,徒然的;自负的,爱虚荣的The gained grain drained away with the rain, all the pains were in vain again.收获的谷物随雨水流失了,所有辛劳又白费.
【记】va＝vac空，in：徒劳的
【参】vainglorious（adj 虚荣的）；vanity（n 空虚）
adjective
NOT SUCCESSFUL 不成功的
■unsuccessful or useless; of no value 徒劳的；枉然的；无用的
• The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover. 医生们给他服用了更多强效药，希望他能康复过来，却是徒然。
• formal It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed. 他没办法欺骗自己说不觉得失望。
in vain
■unsuccessfully or uselessly 徒劳地；枉然地；无用地
• I tried in vain to start a conversation. 我极力想挑起话头，但没有成功。
• All the police's efforts to find him were in vain. 警方竭力想要找到他，但所有努力终是徒劳。
[veɪn] adjective
SELFISH 自私的
■too interested in your own appearance or achievements 虚荣的；自负的
• He was very vain about his hair and his clothes. 他很虚荣，在发型和衣着方面非常讲究。
haughty, arrogant, vain, proud
这组词都有“骄傲的，傲慢的”的意思，其区别是：
haughty: 较正式用词，多用于贬义。指对身份或地位比自己低的人采取冷淡、轻视或鄙互的态度。
arrogant: 用于贬义，指过高估计自己，以致骄傲自大或傲慢无礼，目中无人。
vain: 指一个对自己的外表或对自己留给别的印象太过分地关注，以致自命不凡，自鸣得意。
proud: 含义广，普通用词。褒义指自豪和荣耀以及强烈的自尊；贬义则指傲慢，自以为是或自鸣得意。
adj. 徒劳的；虚荣的；空虚的
 - empty, blank

Word: overtly
Front: overtly
['əʊvɜ:tlɪ] (12657/11796)
Back: adv. 明显地，公然; <律>蓄意地
分布：明显地(38%)，公然地(37%)，公开地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
公开的；明显的；不隐藏的
An overt action or attitude is done or shown in an open and obvious way.
例：His recent productions have been beautifully crafted works with little overt political content...他最近所创作的都是些精雕细琢的作品，少有鲜明的政治内容。
例：Although there is no overt hostility, black and white students do not mix much.虽然黑人学生与白人学生之间没有公开的敌意，但他们也不怎么来往。
adv. 明显地；公开地，公然地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly, publicly, in public

Word: stagger
Front: stagger
[ˈstægə(r)] (研六托雅宝 7724/7013 -1)
Vocabulary: stagger
(once / 342 pages)
vn
If you see someone stagger out of a bar, or walk unsteadily, like he's about to fall, chances are he's had a few too many drinks.
The word stagger isn't just used to describe the physical action of stumbling. When you're really shocked about a piece of news, it can stagger or shock you. When you want to spread something out overtime, like paying a large bill, you can stagger the payments over time. But, remember that if you fall behind, the debt you fall into might stagger you.
WORD FAMILY
stagger: staggered, staggerer, staggering, staggers+/staggerer: staggerers/ staggering: staggeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Harden and Westbrook are among the leading contenders, and the numbers for both players are staggering.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Rousey showed little defensive acumen as she staggered and stumbled backward with Nunes relentlessly pursuing her and landing 27 punches in the brief bout.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
The disability charity Scope said it was a "staggering" number.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹒跚; 犹豫; 动摇
vt. 使蹒跚，使摇摆; 使犹豫; 错开时间; 使吃惊
n. 摇晃; 一种不稳定形式，部署或者秩序; 摇摆不定
时态：staggered, staggering, staggers
分布：蹒跚(53%)，动摇(14%)，使吃惊(8%)，犹豫(8%)，踌躇(5%)，使摇晃(5%)，使犹豫(5%)，摇摆不定(2%)
→来自古诺斯语 stakra,推，挤，使打转，来自 Proto-Germanic*stakon,棍子，柱子，来自 steg, 棍子，柱子，词源同 stack,stick.-er,表反复。其字面意思可能是用棍子在后面追打或赶，引申 词义蹒跚，踉跄，及相关比喻义。
vi.摇晃着移动;蹒跚n.摇晃不稳的动作;蹒跚The drunkard staggered along.那个醉汉摇摇晃晃地走过去.
US [-ɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall 摇晃；蹒跚；踉踉跄跄地走
• After he was attacked, he managed to stagger to the phone and call for help. 他遇袭后，跌跌撞撞地走到电话旁打电话求救。
• figurative The company is staggering under a $15 million debt and will almost certainly collapse by the end of the year. 公司背负着1500万美元的债务，举步维艰，年底前几乎肯定要倒闭。
UK ['stæg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
SHOCK 震惊
transitive
■to cause someone to feel shocked or surprised because of something unexpected or very unusual happening 使震惊，使大吃一惊
• He staggered all his colleagues by suddenly announcing that he was leaving the company at the end of the month. 他突然宣布月底要离开公司，把所有同事都吓了一跳。
UK ['stæg.ər] US [-ɚ] verb
ARRANGE 安排
transitive
■to arrange, especially hours of work, holidays or events, so that they begin at different times from those of other people 使（尤指工作、假期或事件的时间）错开；使交错
• Some countries have staggered school holidays so that holiday resorts do not become overcrowded. 一些国家将学校假期时间错开，这样度假地就不会太拥挤了。
transitive
■If a race has a staggered start the competitors start at different times or in different positions. （赛跑时）使（起跑时间或起跑位置）错开
UK ['stæg.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable usually singular
■when you walk or move with difficulty as if you are going to fall 蹒跚；站立不稳
• He left the pub with a drunken stagger. 他醉得摇摇晃晃地离开了酒吧。
vt. 蹒跚；使交错；使犹豫
 - interlace
vi. 蹒跚；犹豫
 - titubate, hesitate
n. 蹒跚；交错安排
 - titubation, hitchiness
adj. 交错的；错开的
 - altern, interlaced

Word: momentous
Front: momentous
[məˈmentəs] (托雅宝 12634/11532 -1)
Vocabulary: momentous
(once / 1172 pages)
adj
Momentous describes an important event or moment in time. It is used for a time of great consequence or for a major accomplishment, and is almost always reserved for good things.
When a moment is so great you know you'll never forget it, you have just experienced something momentous. It can be personal — perhaps the day you were named prom queen; or something historic — like the day Elizabeth was named Queen of England. Momentous and momentary share the root word moment but momentary describes just one fleeting moment in time. A momentary occurrence can certainly be momentous, but it's not always the case.
WORD FAMILY
momentous: momentously, momentousness+/ moment: momentaneous, momentary, momentous, moments/ momentary: momentarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The National Defense Authorization Act, a year-end policy bill encompassing virtually every aspect of the U.S. military, contained two provisions with potentially momentous consequences.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It represents a momentous victory for President Bashar Assad and a crushing defeat for Syria's opposition, which will struggle to forge a way forward.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It represents a momentous victory for President Bashar Assad and a crushing defeat for Syria’s opposition which will struggle to forge a way forward.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 重大的; 重要的
分布：重要的(60%)，重大的(40%)
→来自moment,片刻，瞬间。即片刻的，引申词义转瞬即逝的，关键的，重要的。
【记】moment（n 关键时刻；重要性）
US [-tˌəs] adjective
■very important because of effects on future events 重大的，重要的
• the momentous news of the President's death 总统去世的重大消息
• Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family. 是否移居海外对这个家庭来说是个重要的决定。
momentous, significant, important
这组词都有“重要的，重大的”的意思，其区别是：
momentous: 指极其重要的。
significant: 指某事物由于特别优秀或特别有意义而显得重要与突出。
important: 最普通用词，指有权威、有影响的人或值得注意的、有价值的事物。
adj. 重要的；重大的
 - important, crucial, considerable, material, big

Word: bosom
Front: bosom
[ˈbʊzəm] (研四六 12630/12605 -1)
Vocabulary: bosom
(once / 172 pages)
nv
The bosom is the breast or chest area of the body. It is also poetically considered to be the place where our feelings reside.
Used as a verb or noun, bosom originates from the Old English word bosm, meaning "breast, womb, surface, or ship's hold." It is commonly used as a polite reference to a woman's breasts. Because our bosom (chest) contains our heart, it has also become known as the place where our feelings, intuitions, or secret thoughts are kept. Close friends are sometimes called "bosom buddies."
WORD FAMILY
bosom: bosomed, bosoming, bosoms, bosomy, unbosom+/unbosom: unbosomed, unbosoming, unbosoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
He should be paying more attention to that snake crawling from her bosom.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
There is still very definitely an ideal, when it comes to bosoms.
The Guardian(Nov 01, 2016)
Geneice Petty’s mother said her daughter loved her son, who was always attached to her bosom, but said her daughter suffers from “battered woman syndrome.”
Washington Post(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: n. 胸部，乳房; 衣服的胸襟; 家庭般的温暖; 胸怀
vt. 怀抱; 把…藏在心中
adj. 心爱的; 亲密的
时态：bosomed, bosoming, bosoms
分布：胸怀(30%)，内心(21%)，胸部(16%)，内部(8%)，知心的(8%)，亲密的(8%)，拥抱(7%)，把...藏心中(2%)
→来自PIE *bhou, 生长，膨胀，词源同boss, 凸点，块，emboss, 凸点，浮雕。
n.胸,胸部;胸怀;内心;a.亲密的She held the child to her bosom.她把小孩抱在怀里.
noun countable usually singular
■a woman's breasts （女人的）乳房
• a large/ample bosom 大／丰满的乳房
■literary
■the front of a person's chest, especially when thought of as the centre of human feelings 前胸；（尤指）胸怀，内心
• She held him tightly to her bosom. 她把他紧紧地拥在胸前。
• A dark jealousy stirred in his bosom. 他内心生出一阵恶毒的嫉妒。
['bʊz.əm] noun countable usually singular
in the bosom of sth formal
■If you are in the bosom of a group of people, especially your family, you are with them and protected and loved by them. 在（尤指家庭）的爱护下
breast, bosom, chest
这组词都有“胸，胸部”的意思，其区别是：
breast: 指人或动物的胸部或胸部的前面，也指男人或女人的乳房。
bosom: 文学用词，与breast同义，特指女性的乳房，也可用作比喻。
chest: 指胸膛，即肋骨所包围的部分。
n. 胸；胸怀；中间；胸襟；内心；乳房；内部
 - chest, breast, interior, inside, middle
vt. 怀抱；把…藏在心中
 - cherish, imbosom
adj. 知心的；亲密的
 - close, intimate

Word: cosmopolitan
Front: cosmopolitan
[ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪtən] (托雅宝 12655/13852 -1)
Vocabulary: cosmopolitan
(once / 2157 pages)
adjn
Your Aunt Eleanor, who's lived in six different countries and speaks four languages fluently, might be described as cosmopolitan, or comfortable and familiar with different cultures and people.
People who are cosmopolitan have an air of glamour surrounding them, a sense that they've seen a lot of the world and are sophisticated and at ease with all different kinds of people. Places can also be described as cosmopolitan, meaning "diverse," or bustling with lots of people of varying nationalities. Any way you use it, cosmopolitan implies a sophistication, which might explain why both a well-known alcoholic cocktail and a famous women's magazine are both named after the word cosmopolitan.
WORD FAMILY
cosmopolitan: cosmopolitanly, cosmopolitans
USAGE EXAMPLES
His was an astonishingly more cosmopolitan world-view than that displayed by today’s Chinese leaders.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
A reaction against the cosmopolitan complexity of the early 21st century.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In a global age, should we cultivate national solidarity or aspire to a cosmopolitan ethic of universal human concern?
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 世界性的，全世界的; 四海为家的; 全球的
n. 世界主义者; 四海为家者
分布：世界性的(67%)，世界主义者(16%)，四海一家的(9%)，久经世故的(5%)，遍生于世界的(3%)
→cosm, 宇宙。-polit, 城市，词源同police,metropolitan.
US [ˌkɑ:z.mə'pɑ:.lɪ.tˌən] usually approving
adjective
■containing or having experience of people and things from many different parts of the world 来自世界各地的；国际大都会的；世界性的
• New York is a highly cosmopolitan city. 纽约是个国际化程度很高的大都市。
UK [ˌkɒz.mə'pɒl.ɪ.tən] US [ˌkɑ:z.mə'pɑ:.lɪ.tˌən] usually approving
noun countable
■someone who has experience of many different parts of the world 四海为家的人；周游世界的人
• Lisa is a real cosmopolitan. 莉萨真是见多识广。

Word: fluctuate
Front: fluctuate
[ˈflʌktʃueɪt] (研六托雅宝 12670/11623 -1)
Vocabulary: fluctuate
(once / 1208 pages)
v
Something that fluctuates varies or changes — it's the opposite of steady. Like the ups and downs of the stock market or the relationship status of a Hollywood starlet.
Fluctuate is a verb that describes movement, sometimes irregular, but often rising and falling in a wave-like pattern. The tides fluctuate according to the weather and season, for example. Your emotions fluctuate depending on what happens throughout the day, and so does your weight. In fact, you usually weigh less in the morning, before you've eaten. You're also taller, since your spine compresses as you walk around. So your height fluctuates, too.
WORD FAMILY
fluctuate: fluctuated, fluctuates, fluctuating, fluctuation +/ fluctuating: fluctuatingly, unfluctuating/ fluctuation: fluctuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Company spokesman Rob Carlton stated in a Nov. 17 email that Koch revenue fluctuates with the price of commodities.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Gas prices will now fluctuate, something that hasn't been seen in Mexico since the government started fixing prices in 1992, ostensibly to control inflation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Egypt’s industrial sector is largely based on energy extraction and production, which employs relatively few people and fluctuates with oil prices.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 波动; 涨落
vt. 使波动; 使动摇
时态：fluctuated, fluctuating, fluctuates
分布：波动(78%)，起伏(12%)，动摇(6%)，使动摇(4%)
→来自拉丁fluere, 流动，波动，词源同fluent. -ct, 过去分词后缀。
波动[fluctu=wave(波浪)]
v.(使)波动;(使)起伏My weight fluctuates between 90 and 100 pounds.我的体重在90与100磅之间变动.
【记】flu流动－波动变化
【反】stabilize（v 稳定）；remain steady（保持稳定）
verb intransitive
■to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another （尤指持续）波动，起伏不定
• Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season. 蔬菜价格随着季节变化而涨落。
• Her wages fluctuate between £150 and £200 a week. 她的周薪在150英镑到200英镑之间浮动。
• Her weight fluctuates wildly. 她的体重起伏很大。
• fluctuating prices 波动的价格
fluctuate, alteration, change, modify, convert, shift（in）, alternation, alter, variations
fluctuate: 没有规律的上下波动
alteration: 强调细节的变化
change: 强调某种本质的变化
modify: “更改，修改”程度略小并有趋缓之意
convert: 用途上的改变，也作态度和信仰的变化
shift（in）: 转换，转变
alternation: 轮流，交替（take turn）
alter: 细枝末节的修改，而非脱胎换骨
variations: 指不规则的或断续的改变，或指一种东西改成了不同样式
vi. 波动；涨落；动摇
 - wave motion, shake
vt. 使波动；使动摇
 - destabilize

Word: insightful
Front: insightful
[ˈɪnsaɪtfʊl] (研 12671/37193)
Vocabulary: insightful
(once / 22051 pages)
adj
What English teachers want from students writing papers is insightful analysis –– thinking that sees beyond the obvious and expresses an original thought.
With this word, remember in- and -sight-. When you have the ability to look (sight) inside (in) something––a painting, a discussion, a situation––and find what others aren't seeing, you are being insightful. An insightful person is someone capable of deep, insightful thinking.
WORD FAMILY
insightful: insightfully, insightfulness+/ insight: insightful, insights
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hepworth sets the music in historical and cultural context in an insightful and funny book.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“Goat” is never particularly insightful regarding the conduct of the men it presents.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Why you should read it: This piece is instructive rather than insightful.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
分布：富有洞察力的(55%)，有深刻见解的(45%)
→来自insight,洞察力。
有洞察力的[sight=vision,表示"眼光"]
ADJ-GRADED
富有洞察力的;有深刻见解的
If you describe a person or their remarks as insightful, you mean that they show a very good understanding of people and situations.
例：She offered some really interesting, insightful observations.她给出了一些非常有趣又富有洞察力的评论。

Word: auction
Front: auction
[ˈɔ:kʃn] (研雅宝 4632/4370 -3)
Vocabulary: auction
(once / 522 pages)
1nv 2n
In an auction, items are sold without price tags––whoever bids the highest gets to buy it, whether it’s a painting, a car, or a set of old dishes.
You can hold an auction, or auction something. You might have seen auction scenes in classy old movies where the characters bid on paintings by politely raising their hands as the auctioneer calls out a price. Auctions aren’t always high-fallutin’, though. Many cities auction off cars they’ve confiscated from drug dealers or thieves.
WORD FAMILY
auction: auctioned, auctioneer, auctioning, auctions+/ auctioneer: auctioneered, auctioneering, auctioneers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Proceeds from the auction will benefit the project’s capital campaign.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Almost nothing was heard about the document for more than 80 years — until it showed up 13 months ago at a London auction house.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Instead, he sold everything to David Weisz to be auctioned off piece by piece.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 拍卖; 竞卖; 标售; （桥牌）拍卖玩法
vt. 拍卖; 竞卖
时态：auctioned, auctioning, auctions
分布：拍卖(100%)
→来自词根auct, 增加, 词根aug过去分词格。
拍卖(auct[=aug]+ion[价钱]扩大→拍卖)[aug=increase,表示"增加"]
n.／vt.拍卖The department store is auctioning off the remaining inventory.百货公司在拍卖剩余库存品.
【记】auct＝aug增加－增加价格－拍卖
【参】augment（v 增加，增大）；august（n 八月）
US ['ɑ:k-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a usually public sale of goods or property, where people make higher and higher bids (= offers of money) for each thing, until the thing is sold to the person who will pay most 拍卖
• a furniture auction 家俱拍卖会　
• They're holding an auction of jewellery on Thursday. 他们将在周四举行一场珠宝拍卖会。
• The painting will be sold at / UK also by auction next week. 这幅画将在下周拍卖。
• The house and its contents are being put up for auction. 这座房子及里面的家俱已被交付拍卖。
UK ['ɔ:k.ʃən] US ['ɑ:k-] verb transitive
■to sell something in a public auction 拍卖
• The stamps will be auctioned tomorrow. 这些邮票将在明天拍卖。
• The family is auctioning (off) its art collection. 这家人将要拍卖他们的艺术收藏品。
vt. [贸易] 拍卖；竞卖
 - be on sale
n. [贸易] 拍卖
 - public sale, vendue

Word: forfeit
Front: forfeit
[ˈfɔ:fɪt] (研雅宝 12633/11357 -1)
Vocabulary: forfeit
(once / 575 pages)
vnadj
Forfeit means to lose or give up something, usually as a penalty. If you don’t finish your homework and eat all your broccoli, you'll most likely forfeit your right to watch TV before going to bed.
An adjective, noun, and verb all rolled into one, forfeit came into existence around 1300 meaning “to lose by misconduct.” To forfeit is to lose or give up something as punishment for making an error. A forfeit is what is lost. You've probably heard of forfeiting a game or match — like when you don't show up with enough players or pick one too many fights with the opposing team.
WORD FAMILY
forfeit: forfeited, forfeiting, forfeits, forfeiture, unforfeitable+/forfeiture: forfeitures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jordan forfeited most of them when he was sentenced to eight years in federal prison for drug and money laundering charges.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
None of the U.S. car dealers admitted wrongdoing in the civil case, although some forfeited a portion of profits.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
He’s required to forfeit his jobs as a firefighter and lifeguard.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. （因违反协议、犯规、受罚等）丧失，失去
n. 罚金，没收物，丧失的东西; 代价
adj. 丧失了的，被没收了的
时态：forfeited, forfeiting, forfeits
分布：丧失(51%)，罚金(15%)，没收物(12%)，没收(12%)，丧失了的(10%)
→for-, 在外面，超过，词源同foreign. -feit, 做，词源同fact.原义为做过头的，越界的，衍生词义犯罪，处罚，没收。
【记】for为了，feit＝feet脚－为了脚舒服，在和老江吃饭的时候，把鞋脱了，结果丧失了2年穿鞋的权力，处以2万元罚金，并剥夺政治权力终身。
【参】forfeiture（n 丧失；没收物；罚款）
US ['fɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to lose the right to do or have something because you have broken a rule （因违规而）丧失，被没收
• If you cancel now I'm afraid you forfeit your deposit. 如果您现在取消的话，恐怕您不能拿回订金。
• These people have forfeited the right to live in society. 这些人已经丧失了社会生存权。
UK ['fɔ:.fɪt] US ['fɔ:r-] noun countable
■something that you have lost the right to do or have because you have broken a rule （因违规而造成的）罚金，丧失物
pay a forfeit
■to give up something, especially in a game （尤指在比赛中）受罚
UK ['fɔ:.fɪt] US ['fɔ:r-] adjective [after verb] formal
■taken away from someone as a punishment 被罚的；被没收的
n. [金融] 罚金； [法] 没收物；丧失的东西
 - amercement, pecuniary penalty
adj. 因受罚而丧失的；被没收的
 - confiscate
vt. （因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）
 - starve of

Word: individualized
Front: individualized
[ˌɪndɪˈvɪdʒuəlaɪzd] (12700/35520)
Vocabulary: individualized
(once / 14241 pages)
adj
If a friend gives you a gift that only you will like, that gift is individualized — made especially to fit your personality and no one else’s. What a thoughtful friend!
Inside individualized is the word individual. So, just like a unique individual, when something is individualized — it is one-of-a-kind. A parent might cook you an individualized meal of your favorite foods, and at a carnival you can get an individualized cap with your name printed on it. A synonym is personalized, and it takes personal knowledge of a person to give them anything individualized.
WORD FAMILY
individualize: individualization, individualized, individualizes, individualizing+/ individual: individualise, individualism, individuality, individualize, individually, individuals/individualise: individualisation, individualised, individualises, individualising/ individualism: individualisms, individualist, individualistic / individualist: individualists/ individualistic: individualistically/ individuality: individualities/individualization: individualizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rejection from a prestigious art academy in Japan strengthened his resolve to gain recognition for his individualized approach.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Of course, detained youth should receive high-quality, trauma-sensitive, individualized care that ensures their detention is as brief as possible and responsive to their needs.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Unfortunately, though, the city failed miserably in its efforts to place residents in the least restrictive setting with individualized care.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 赋予个性，个别地加以考虑( individualize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：个别对待(34%)，具体化(33%)，使具有个性(33%)
mainly US (ALSO UK usually individualised) [ˌɪn.dɪ'vɪd.ju.ə.laɪzd] adjective
■prepared or suitable for individual people 针对个人的；具有个性的
• The hospital gives individualized care/attention/treatment to all its patients. 这所医院对所有的病人都根据个人病情给予照料／治疗。
adj. 个人的；有个性的；具有个人特色的
 - personal, subjective

Word: selectively
Front: selectively
[sɪ'lektɪvlɪ] (12669/14955)
Back: adv. 不普遍地
分布：有选择地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
选择性的;有选择的;选取少量的
A selective process applies only to a few things or people.
例：Selective breeding may result in a greyhound running faster and seeing better than a wolf.选择性交配繁殖有可能培育出比狼速度更快、视力更佳的灵犭是。
例：...selective education.尖子生教育
ADJ-GRADED
仔细挑选的;严格筛选的
When someone is selective, they choose things carefully, for example the things that they buy or do.
例：Sales still happen, but buyers are more selective...销量仍在，但购买者更加挑剔。
例：If public figures seek publicity to further their careers, they can't be selective about it.如果公众人物想通过吸引公众的关注来推进事业，他们可能会不加选择。
ADJ-GRADED
(记忆)选择性的，只记一部分的
If you say that someone has a selective memory, you disapprove of the fact that they remember certain facts about something and deliberately forget others, often because it is convenient for them to do so.
例：We seem to have a selective memory for the best bits of the past...我们似乎只记得过去最美好的时光。
例：Mr Robins, suffering from selective amnesia about his role in the affair, was contradicted in nearly every instance by other witnesses.对于自己在该事件中所扮演的角色，罗宾斯先生患上了选择性失忆症，因此几乎在每次庭审中都会受到其他证人的反驳。

Word: captivate
Front: captivate
[ˈkæptɪveɪt] (托宝 12641/18572 -1)
Vocabulary: captivate
(once / 1332 pages)
v
To captivate means to attract others, fascinating or enchanting them. Some people are able to captivate with wit and charm, others with physical beauty, still others with intelligence.
Notice the similarity between the verbs captivate and capture. Both come ultimately from the Latin captus "taken captive." Still, while both words mean some sort of hold on someone, capture sounds harsh, as though a trap has been set, while captivate is a softer, more attractive word that suggests there might be a willingness to be caught. Robert S. McNamara, a former U.S. secretary of defense, said, "Coercion, after all, merely captures man. Freedom captivates him.”
WORD FAMILY
captivate: captivated, captivates, captivating, captivation+/ captivating: captivatingly/captivation: captivations/ captive: captivate, captives, captivity / captivity: captivities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Here are the stories that captivated us most.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Kennedy was captivated by Mexico City’s colourful markets full of exotic ingredients, and started learning to cook dishes from friends and their domestic workers.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 迷住，迷惑; <古>逮捕
时态：captivated, captivating, captivates
分布：迷惑(64%)，迷住(36%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，见captive。
【参】captivation（n 吸引力，魅力）；captive（n 俘虏，被美色或爱情迷住的人）
【反】repulse（v 憎恶；拒绝）
verb transitive
■to hold the attention of someone by being extremely interesting, exciting, pleasant or attractive 使着迷；迷住；吸引
• With her beauty and charm, she captivated film audiences everywhere. 她的美貌和魅力迷倒了各地的电影观众。
vt. 迷住，迷惑
 - possess, spell

Word: chimpanzee
Front: chimpanzee
[ˌtʃɪmpænˈzi:] (托 12642/10854 -1)
Back: n. 黑猩猩
分布：黑猩猩(100%)
→来自非洲安哥拉班图语，常缩写为chimp.
[ˌtʃɪm.pæn'zi:] (informal chimp)
noun countable
■a small, very intelligent African ape with black or brown fur 黑猩猩
n. [脊椎] 黑猩猩
 - jocko, pongo

Word: bathing
Front: bathing
[ˈbeɪðɪŋ] (12673/19402)
Back: n. （在海里）等游泳，沐浴
v. 给…洗澡，游泳( bathe的现在分词 ); 冲洗; 浸; 用水清洗（尤指身体部位）
分布：沐浴(55%)，游泳(43%)，游泳设施(1%)，动词bath的现在分词形式.(1%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of going for a swim 游泳
• At midnight they all decided to go bathing. 半夜里他们全都决定去游泳。
n. 沐浴；游泳；洗海水澡
 - swim, ablutions

Word: vibe
Front: vibe
[vaɪb] (12649/17254 -1)
Back: n. 感应
分布：感应(100%)
noun
only singular
■the mood or character of a place, situation, or piece of music （某地、某种局面或某支曲子的）气氛，氛围
• The music has a soothing vibe. 这种音乐能让人放松。
vibes [plural] informal
■the general mood a person or place seems to have and the way they make you feel 情绪；气氛，氛围
• I didn't like the place - it had bad vibes. 我不喜欢那个地方——那里给人的感觉不好。
informal for * vibraphone
n. 气氛，氛围
 - atmosphere, mood

Word: start-up
Front: start-up
[stɑ:t ʌp] None
Back: n. 启动
adj. （新企业或工程）开办阶段的
分布：启动(75%)，创业(25%)
US ['stɑ:rt-] noun countable
■a small business that has just been started 刚起步的小企业，新兴小型企业
• Start-ups are very vulnerable in the business world. 商界中刚起步的小企业非常脆弱。
n. 启动
 - boot-up, starting up

Word: binge
Front: binge
[bɪndʒ] (12678/19723 -1)
Vocabulary: binge
(once / 8407 pages)
vn
A binge is a brief period of doing something excessively. You might celebrate your birthday by indulging in a banana cream pie binge if that's your very favorite dessert.
Binge rhymes with fringe. If you give in to your urges and really indulge yourself, you binge on something, whether it's candy, video games, or shopping. There's an implied sense in the word binge that you're doing too much of something that isn't very good for you in the first place. Binge is also a verb, as in people who binge on television, watching show after show.
WORD FAMILY
binge: binged, bingeing, binges, binging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Binge drinking is also on the rise, as women close the gap with heavier-drinking white males.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Women who binge drink are portrayed more negatively by the media than men who do the same thing, according to new research.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
But submerging your sorrows by binging on Fisher’s most famous appearances won’t be cheap.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 饮酒作乐; 狂饮，狂闹; 放纵，狂热; 社交集会
vt. 沉溺，放纵
vi. 狂饮作乐; 大吃大喝
时态：binged, bingeing, binges
分布：放纵(71%)，狂欢作乐(29%)
→词源不详。
informal
noun countable
■an occasion when an activity is done in an extreme way, especially eating, drinking or spending money （尤指在饮食和花钱方面）无节制的狂热行为
• a drinking/eating/spending binge 狂饮／暴食／滥花钱
• The annual office binge (= party) is in December. 办公室每年12月份都会举行一次的狂欢派对。
• He went on a five day drinking binge. 他连续五天狂饮。
[bɪndʒ] informal
verb intransitive (bingeing or binging)
■to eat a lot of something 狂吃，无节制地吃
• I tend to binge on chocolate when I'm watching TV. 看电视时我喜欢大吃巧克力。
n. 狂欢，狂闹；放纵
 - loose, revelry
vt. 放纵
 - give loose to, unbridle
vi. 狂饮作乐；大吃大喝
 - feast on

Word: stucco
Front: stucco
[ˈstʌkəʊ] (12683/23844)
Back: n. 粉饰灰泥
vt. 用拉毛粉饰法粉饰
时态：stuccoed, stuccoing, stuccos
分布：灰泥(100%)
→来自意大利语 stucco,粉饰灰泥，来自 Proto-Germanic*stukkjam,灰泥，来自 steu,推，击 打，词源同 stub,type,study.
US [-oʊ] noun uncountable
■a type of plaster used for covering walls and ceilings, especially one which can be formed into decorative patterns （尤指能构成装饰图案的）粉饰灰泥
vt. [建] 粉饰，粉刷；涂以灰泥
 - colour, sugar
n. 灰泥， [建] 灰墁
 - parget, mortar

Word: foggy
Front: foggy
[ˈfɒgi] (高托 12681/14412 -1)
Vocabulary: foggy
(once / 2682 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Something that's foggy is cloudy or murky, filled with fog. A foggy view is blurred and indistinct, just like a foggy mind.
Driving on a foggy road can be tricky, since it's more or less like driving inside a cloud. When the inside of your head feels this way — blurry, clouded, and vague — you can also used foggy in a figurative way: "Her memory grew foggy as the years went by." Experts aren't sure whether foggy or fog came first, but in either case they suspect a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
foggy: foggier, foggiest, foggily, fogginess+/defog: defogging/ fog: defog, fogged, fogging, foggy, fogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But somewhere in that foggy “After Ben” timeline we did.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Discussion of the frequency of a Foggy Christmas seems less common.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Haldeman, his chief of staff, as they walked along a foggy beach one day.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 有雾的; 雾气朦胧的; 模糊的; 混乱的
级别：foggier, foggiest
分布：有雾的(100%)
→来自fog,雾。
US ['fɑ:.gi] adjective
■with fog 有雾的
• a cold, foggy day 寒冷多雾的一天
UK ['fɒg.i] US ['fɑ:.gi] adjective
not have the foggiest (idea) informal
■to not know or understand something at all 完全不明白；一无所知；茫无头绪
• I hadn't the foggiest idea what he was talking about. 我完全不明白他在讲甚么。
adj. 有雾的；模糊的，朦胧的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague

Word: apprenticeship
Front: apprenticeship
[əˈprentɪʃɪp] (12684/7633 -1)
Vocabulary: apprenticeship
(once / 2068 pages)
n
Apprenticeship is a kind of job training that involves following and studying a master of the trade on the job instead of in school. Carpenters, masons, doctors, and many other professionals often learn their trade through apprenticeship.
The word apprenticeship comes from the Old French aprentiz meaning "someone learning" and the Anglian suffix -scip, meaning "state, condition of being." An apprenticeship is when someone is in a state or condition of learning from a master in a field. Some professions even have apprenticeship programs like the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers where you can be assigned to apprentice, or study under a professional electrician.
WORD FAMILY
apprenticeship: apprenticeships+/ apprentice: apprenticed, apprentices, apprenticeship, apprenticing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The schools - which were among Mr Taylor's recommendations - will focus on maths and English and will also provide apprenticeships.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“I got deeper and deeper into the topic of sport, studying, doing conferences, doing another apprenticeship in sports nutrition,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Smith proposes funding for more access to career and technology education, an apprenticeship initiative and an alternative path to graduation.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 学徒身份; 学徒期
分布：学徒期(64%)，学徒身份(28%)，学徒资格(8%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. -prend, 来自prehend的缩写，见apprehend. 即抓住知识，学徒。
US [-tˌɪs-] noun countable or uncountable
■a period of time working as an apprentice 学徒期

Word: adherent
Front: adherent
[ədˈhɪərənt] (宝 12675/12599)
Vocabulary: adherent
(once / 630 pages)
nadj
Because an adherent is usually something or someone that sticks to something or someone else, it's logical that it can also mean a person who believes in and supports a certain philosophy or leader.
An adherent to a cause can be called a disciple, one who believes and tries to get others to believe. It can also refer to a material that sticks to other things. While the first meaning comes from the 15th century, the reference to a sticky substance didn't emerge until the 16th. In all cases, the word comes from the Latin root haerēre "stick," connected to the prefix ad- "to," making the word mean "to stick to."
WORD FAMILY
adherent: adherence, adherents+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherence: adherences/ adhesion: adhesions/ adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Putin’s toxic blend of authoritarianism and assertive nationalism is gaining adherents across Europe and inspiring autocrats around the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Adherents face imprisonment, and those who refuse to renounce the movement are often subjected to torture.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“The peace values are upheld by all religious adherents in Indonesia.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 支持者，拥护者
adj. 粘着的; <植>贴生的; （由于协议、合约等而）发生关系的; <语>修饰语的
分布：信徒(34%)，追随者(27%)，拥护者(20%)，附着的(13%)，粘连的(6%)
归依者,门徒(adhere+ent→粘着;坚持的人)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
【反】forerunner（n 先驱；预兆）
US [-'hɪr.ənt] formal
adjective
■sticky 黏性的；黏着的，附着的
• an adherent surface 黏性表面
UK [əd'hɪə.rənt] US [-'hɪr.ənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who strongly supports a particular person, principle or set of ideas 信徒，追随者，拥护者
• She has long been an adherent of the Communist Party. 长期以来她一直是共产党的拥护者。
n. 信徒；追随者
 - Christian, believer, follower
adj. [物] [生物] 附着的；粘着的
 - inserted, appendiculate

Word: spam
Front: spam
[spæm] (12689/26468)
Vocabulary: spam
(once / 13326 pages)
nv
There are few things more annoying than an email in-box full of spam. Spam is unwanted Internet advertising that's sent to a huge number of people at a time.
Since 1937, spam has been used to mean "canned meat," after one particular brand of it, Spam, which was named for a combination of the words spiced and ham. Not until the early 1990s did the more modern definition of spam come into use, referring to multi-recipient email or other online messages that are mostly sent for commercial advertising or marketing purposes. To send such a message is "to spam" the people you're sending it to.
WORD FAMILY
spam: spammed, spammer, spamming+/spammer: spammers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The automated spam calls are so common, it’s hard to find anyone with a cellphone who hasn’t been bugged by this nuisance.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Those emails were quarantined by a filter meant to detect spam and potentially malicious traffic, RNC officials said.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
They are spam e-mails, requesting his presence at conferences or his contributions to journals.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 香火腿; （斯帕姆）午餐肉; 垃圾邮件; （非索要的）电邮广告
vt. 向…发送垃圾函件
时态：spammed, spamming, spams
分布：垃圾电子邮件(100%)
→原为商标名 Spam,命名可能缩写自 spiced ham,香料火腿。由美国 Hormel Foods Corporation 于 1937 年开始生产，二战时声名远扬，成为军队重要供给食品。其在美国的江湖地位类似
noun uncountable
COMPUTING 资讯处理 informal disapproving
■unwanted email, usually advertisements 垃圾邮件（通常指广告）
• I get so much spam at work. 我办公用电子邮件收到那么多的垃圾邮件。
[spæm] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物 trademark
■a type of meat sold in metal containers, made mostly from pork (= meat from a pig) （斯帕姆）午餐肉，罐头肉类食品
• spam fritters 油炸午餐肉馅饼
[spæm] verb transitive (-mm-)
■to send someone an advertisement by email that they do not want 给…寄垃圾邮件
n. 垃圾邮件；罐头猪肉
 - junk E-mail, junk mail

Word: homestead
Front: homestead
[ˈhəʊmsted] (12668/21935 -1)
Vocabulary: homestead
(once / 1063 pages)
nv
A homestead is a house and surrounding land owned by a family — often, it includes a farmhouse.
Most people have homes, but not everyone has a homestead: that means your family owns more than a house. The homestead often consists of a farmhouse and land devoted to crops or animals. You'll find a lot more homesteads in rural areas than in cities. Often, a homestead is passed down from parents to children for generations.
WORD FAMILY
homestead: homesteaded, homesteader, homesteading, homesteads+/homesteader: homesteaders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homestead Township will acquire ownership of the land when the sale is finalized.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Another suspect who fled the scene was stopped on the Florida Turnpike near Homestead.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Its destination is Homestead II, a pioneer colony of an overcrowded Earth.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 家宅，宅地; 农场
分布：家园(67%)，田产(15%)，农场(12%)，住在或工作在家园(6%)
→home,家，stead,农庄。
家园(home+stead[=stand]→站着的家→家园)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
US ['hoʊm-] noun countable mainly US a house and the surrounding area of land usually used as a farm 农场，农庄（包括房屋及其周围田地）
■US
■in the past, land given by the government for farming （旧时政府资助的）农田
UK ['həʊm.sted] US ['hoʊm-] verb intransitive or transitive US
■in the past, to build a house and grow crops on land given by the government （旧时）经营农庄
n. 宅地；家园；田产
 - curtilage, toft

Word: checkup
Front: checkup
['tʃekʌp] (托雅 12677/38497)
Vocabulary: checkup
(once / 15095 pages)
n
When your doctor gives you a physical exam, you can call it a checkup. During a checkup, you'll probably be weighed and have your blood pressure taken.
You might get a yearly checkup at your doctor's office, or go in for a checkup after a minor car accident, just to make sure you're okay. A routine visit to the dentist is also a checkup. The word checkup first appeared around 1920, from the idea that a doctor has a checklist of things to test or examine.
WORD FAMILY
checkup: checkups
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said the heart problem was discovered during a routine medical checkup.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The plane that crashed Sunday was built in 1983 and underwent factory checkups and maintenance in 2014, and earlier this year.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The plane that crashed Sunday was built in 1983 and underwent factory checkups and maintenance in 2014 as well as earlier this year.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 检查，核对; 体格检查
分布：健康检查(62%)，审查(32%)，检定(6%)
noun countable
■a medical examination to test your general state of health 体检，健康检查
• She goes to her doctor for regular checkups. 她去医生那里接受一般体检。
• a dental checkup 牙齿检查
n. 审查，检查；健康检查
 - inspection, monitoring

Word: pessimism
Front: pessimism
[ˈpesɪmɪzəm] (雅宝 12662/14456 -1)
Vocabulary: pessimism
(once / 1207 pages)
n
Pessimism means thinking the worst. It's the opposite of optimism, which means assuming the best. Most people feel that too much pessimism is paralyzing — who will ever try anything if they are always sure they will fail?
Pessimism comes in two flavors. With one, you feel that something bad will happen. You feel pessimistic about the geometry final. How will you pass it? Pessimism is also the tendency to expect the worst in everything. A pessimist in love is a person sure that there must be something wrong with the person to love them back. A pessimist on an airplane is sure the plane is missing some essential part that won't be noticed until it plummets from the sky. Can pessimism be fun? Not really ever.
WORD FAMILY
pessimism: pessimisms, pessimist, pessimistic +/ pessimist: pessimists/ pessimistic: pessimistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Déon prided himself, he once said, on preserving “a certain anarchism of the right and a pessimism that strives for lucidity.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pessimism and cynicism are, in fact, irrational responses to a year that brought real lows — but also much to be thankful about.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This is why unwarranted pessimism about our future is actually irresponsible.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 悲观; 悲观情绪; 悲观主义
分布：悲观(82%)，悲观主义(18%)
→来自拉丁语pessimus,最底部的，最坏的，来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.-im,最高级后词，词源同maximum,optimism.-ism,主义，思想。由脚引申词义底部，底下，后引申词义悲观，悲观主义。
【记】optimism（n 乐观主义）opt选择－能选择－乐观pessimism读：怕死mism－怕死主义－悲观主义
noun uncountable
■emphasizing or thinking of the bad part of a situation rather than the good part, or the feeling that bad things are more likely to happen than good things 悲观情绪；悲观主义
• There is now a mood of deepening pessimism about/over the economy. 对经济的悲观情绪越来越浓。
• An underlying pessimism infuses all her novels. 她所有的小说中都暗含着一种悲观主义情绪。
Opposite optimism
n. 悲观，悲观情绪；厌世主义
 - despondence

Word: unnecessarily
Front: unnecessarily
[ˌʌn'nesəsərəlɪ] (12661/8444)
Back: adv. 不必要地，多余地，不需要地
分布：不必要地(78%)，徒然(22%)
ADJ-GRADED
不需要的；没必要的；多余的
If you describe something as unnecessary, you mean that it is not needed or does not have to be done, and is undesirable.
例：The slaughter of whales is unnecessary and inhuman...屠杀鲸鱼是没有必要的也是不人道的。
例：He accused Diana of making an unnecessary fuss.他责备黛安娜没必要那么大惊小怪。
adv. 不必要地；多余地
 - needlessly, redundantly

Word: paternal
Front: paternal
[pəˈtɜ:nl] (研 12688/15060 -1)
Vocabulary: paternal
(once / 811 pages)
adj
The word paternal describes anything that has to do with fatherhood, like your dad's paternal habit of giving you advice, always including some "when I was a boy..." tales.
Paternal originates from the Old French word of the same spelling, meaning "of a father." For example, your paternal grandparents are your father's parents. (Your mom's parents are your maternal grandparents.) Paternal describes your father specifically, or fatherhood in general, like common paternal activities like father-son fishing trips and making sure the guy who is dating his daughter is respectful and sincere.
WORD FAMILY
paternal: paternalism, paternally, paternity +/ paternalism: paternalisms, paternalistic/paternalistic: paternalistically/ paternity: paternities
USAGE EXAMPLES
When Martin stomped in, he admitted that he’d driven to his paternal grandfather’s lake house and seen Noah there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Agnes is a name carried by several women in my German family, not least my paternal grandmother.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Then there was the legacy of his paternal grandfather, who fought for the Nazis in the Soviet Union.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 父亲的; 父亲（般）的; 父系的; 父方的
分布：父亲的(76%)，得自父亲的(18%)，似父亲的(6%)
→来自拉丁语pater,父亲，词源同father.
(pater父,-n-,-al...的)父亲的,父系的[父,祖patr(i);part(o);pater]
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■of or like a father 父亲的；父亲般的
• He's very paternal (= showing the affectionate feelings of a father) - it's lovely to see him with the baby. 他这个做父亲的很有爱心——看他和宝宝在一起真是其乐无穷。
• My paternal grandparents (= My father's parents) were Irish. 我的祖父母是爱尔兰人。
Compare maternal
adj. 父亲的；得自父亲的；父亲般的
 - fatherly

Word: registry
Front: registry
[ˈredʒɪstri] (12691/8139 -1)
Back: n. 记录，登记; 登记处，挂号处; 记录簿; 船舶的国籍
分布：注册(88%)，登记(8%)，登记处(3%)，登记簿(1%)
→来自 register,登记，记录。
['redʒ.ɪ.stri] mainly UK
noun countable
■a place where official records are kept 登记处，注册处
• a land/business/electoral registry 土地注册处／工商企业注册处／选举登记处
n. 注册；登记处；挂号处；船舶的国籍
 - logon, sign-up

Word: pimp
Front: pimp
[pɪmp] (12672/22331 -1)
Vocabulary: pimp
(once / 6629 pages)
nv
A pimp is someone who employs prostitutes — they work for the pimp, who gets a cut of their money. He pimps them.
Pimp is a word that has greatly shifted in meaning, as it sometimes means "great" or "cool," as in "That bike is pimp!" However, that's a slang meaning that many people, especially adults, won't understand or like. The main meaning of pimp as the boss of prostitutes is pretty creepy, because prostitution is illegal and pimps are not known for treating their workers very nicely. For some reason, pimps are known for their flashy dress.
WORD FAMILY
pimp: pimped, pimping, pimps
USAGE EXAMPLES
Outside, in the hotel parking lot, police were arresting Destiny Pettway, 25, and Maria Westley, 31, on charges of pimping and threatening a minor.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Avila, a 34-year-old married dad, then believed that the woman was a pimp and that the girl was a victim of sex trafficking.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
They were later arrested and charged with pimping and pandering.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 男妓，皮条客; 妓院老板; 引人作坏事的人
vi. 拉皮条; 帮助干坏事
时态：pimped, pimping, pimps
分布：皮条客(70%)，拉皮条(30%)
→词源不详，可能来自中古法语pimpant,聪明的，英俊的，后用于俚语拉皮条，皮条客，帅哥等。
noun countable
■a man who controls prostitutes, especially by finding customers for them, and takes some of the money that they earn 拉皮条的男子；妓院男老板
n. 皮条客；男妓
 - ponce, sweetback
vi. 拉皮条
 - pander

Word: experimenter
Front: experimenter
[ɪk'sperɪməntə(r)] (12705/17029)
Back: n. 实验者
分布：实验者(81%)，实验人员(19%)
N-VAR
实验
An experiment is a scientific test which is done in order to discover what happens to something in particular conditions.
例：The astronauts are conducting a series of experiments to learn more about how the body adapts to weightlessness...那些宇航员正在进行一系列实验，以更多地了解身体如何适应失重状态。
例：...a proposed new law on animal experiments...有关动物实验的最新法规提案
VERB
（用…）做实验
If you experiment with something or experiment on it, you do a scientific test on it in order to discover what happens to it in particular conditions.
例：In 1857 Mendel started experimenting with peas in his monastery garden...1857年，孟德尔开始在修道院的菜园里用豌豆做实验。
例：The scientists have experimented on the tiny neck arteries of rats...科学家们已经在老鼠细小的颈动脉上做了实验。
N-VAR
试验;试用
An experiment is the trying out of a new idea or method in order to see what it is like and what effects it has.
例：As an experiment, we bought Ted a watch.我们试着给特德买了一块手表。
例：...the country's five year experiment in democracy...该国5年来对民主的尝试
VERB
进行试验;试用
To experiment means to try out a new idea or method to see what it is like and what effects it has.
例：...if you like cooking and have the time to experiment...如果你喜欢烹饪而且有时间尝试的话
例：He believes that students should be encouraged to experiment with bold ideas.他认为应该鼓励学生们将大胆的观念付诸试验。
n. 实验者，试验者
 - trier, treves

Word: pointedly
Front: pointedly
[ˈpɔɪntɪdli] (12647/15377)
Back: adv. 尖地，明显地
分布：尖锐地(50%)，指向地(50%)
US [-tˌɪd-] adverb
■in a very obvious way, usually to express criticism or disapproval 显然地
• He pointedly ignored her after the show. 那场演出之后，很明显他不理她了。
adv. 尖锐地；指向地
 - acutely, pungently

Word: antics
Front: antics
[ˈæntɪks] (12653/- -1)
Back: n. 古怪、可笑的举动，滑稽动作; 古怪姿态; 愚蠢的、可能会带来问题的行为
分布：古怪滑稽的动作(67%)，名词antic的复数形式.(33%)
→来自前缀ante-, 在前, 先前。指食古不化的人。
US [-tˌɪks] plural noun
■funny, silly or strange behaviour 古怪而可笑的举动；噱头
• But the rock-star whose stage antics used to include smashing guitars is older and wiser now. 这个摇滚歌星以前常耍诸如摔碎吉他之类的噱头，但是随着年龄增长，他现在变得理性多了。
• The crowds were once again entertained by the number one tennis player's antics on and off the court. 这位头号网球运动员在场上场下做的滑稽动作再次把观众逗得开怀不已。
n. 滑稽动作；古怪姿态
 - funniment

Word: nurturing
Front: nurturing
[ˈnə:tʃərɪŋ] (12695/33358)
Back: v. 养育( nurture的现在分词 ); 培育; 滋长; 助长
分布：培育(65%)，养育(24%)，照顾(4%)，扶持(4%)，环境因素(3%)
VERB
养育;培育
If you nurture something such as a young child or a young plant, you care for it while it is growing and developing.
例：Parents want to know the best way to nurture and raise their child to adulthood...父母希望知道养育孩子长大成人的最佳方法。
例：The modern conservatory is not an environment for nurturing plants.这个现代化温室的环境不适合培育植物。
VERB
发展，孕育(计划、想法等);培养(人等)
If you nurture plans, ideas, or people, you encourage them or help them to develop.
例：She had always nurtured great ambitions for her son.她总是鼓励儿子要树立远大抱负。
例：...parents whose political views were nurtured in the sixties...政治观点形成于60年代的父母一辈
N-UNCOUNT
教育;教养;培养
Nurture is care that is given to someone while they are growing and developing.
例：The human organism learns partly by nature, partly by nurture.人的学习能力部分是天生的，部分是后天培养的。
v. 培育；养育；培植（nurture的现在分词）
 - nursing, breeding, fostering
n. 培育；养育
 - nursing, upbringing

Word: oftentimes
Front: oftentimes
[ˈɒfntaɪmz] (12676/-)
Back: adv. 时常地
分布：常常(72%)，屡次(14%)，=ofttimes.(14%)
ADV
常常；经常
If something oftentimes happens, it happens many times or much of the time.
例：Oftentimes, these fossils are not made available to science at all...科学界常常压根接触不到这些化石。
例：Oftentimes, I wouldn't even return the calls...我甚至经常不回电话。
adv. 时常地
 - constantly, everywhen

Word: victor
Front: victor
[ˈvɪktə(r)] (托 11139/6131 -2)
Vocabulary: victor
(once / 287 pages)
n
The victor is the winner of a contest, usually one that requires physical skills or strength, like in battle or sports. Calling someone the victor implies that he or she triumphed in a difficult competition.
The origin of the noun victor is in the Latin word vincere, meaning “conquer.” If you conquer your opponents, in a weekend-long chess showdown, the wrestling match, the beauty contest, the debate, or a 5K run, you are the victor. It means you won — victory is yours. Whenever an opponent is defeated, the winner is the victor.
WORD FAMILY
victor: victors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year's victor was Jack Garratt, who praised the "very diverse" range of acts on the 2017 list, and encouraged fans to embrace new talent.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Dr. Victor, a professor at the University of California at San Diego, is one of the closest observers of global climate politics.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In is Victor Gruen, a European socialist and the unlikely father of the modern American mall.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 胜利者，获奖者
分布：胜利者(100%)
→来自拉丁语vincere,战胜，击败，克服，来自weik,战斗，词源同convince,convict,vanquish.可能进一步来自wei,弯，转，扭打，词源同wring,wrest。
胜利者(vict+or)[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
【记】源于：victory（n 胜利）
【反】loser（n 失败者）
US [-tɚ] noun countable
■the winner of a game, competition, election, war, etc. 胜利者，获胜者；成功者
• The victor in/of the 1960 US Presidential election was John F. Kennedy. 1960年美国总统大选的获胜者是约翰．甘乃迪。
n. 胜利者
 - winner, conqueror

Word: amputation
Front: amputation
[ˌæmpjʊ'teɪʃn] (12638/20331)
Back: n. <医>截肢（术）; 切断; 切除; 删除
分布：截肢(100%)
VERB
切断；截(肢)
To amputate someone's arm or leg means to cut all or part of it off in an operation because it is diseased or badly damaged.
例：To save his life, doctors amputated his legs...为了挽救他的生命，医生们截掉了他的双腿。
例：He had to have one leg amputated above the knee.他的一条腿不得不从膝部以上截断。
n. [外科] 截肢；切断（术）
 - slicing, cutting off

Word: hasty
Front: hasty
[ˈheɪsti] (研四六托雅宝 12658/11493 -2)
Vocabulary: hasty
(once / 129 pages)
adj
Hasty means speedy and brash. If you try to make a hasty exit after breaking up with someone, you’ll seem like a jerk.
Hasty, meaning “speedy, quick,” first came onto the scene in the mid 14th century. Later, it found itself paired with pudding to form hasty pudding, a dessert that only takes a short amount of time to make. Note that hasty, unlike fast, has negative connotations. If someone accuses you of having completed an assignment in a hasty fashion, it means your work appears careless.
WORD FAMILY
hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty+/ haste: hastes, hasty /overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
And Peggy Hicks warns against hasty criticism of current human rights law, in the absence of any genuine alternatives.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
It bore all the signs of a hasty retreat during breakfast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Executives also said they would make no hasty decisions about the plant.
Reuters(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 仓促完成的; 急忙的; 草率的; 轻率的
级别：hastier, hastiest
分布：轻率的(53%)，匆匆的(28%)，急忙的(19%)
→来自haste,仓促。
a.匆忙的,仓促的;草率的He realized that his hasty decision was a mistake.他意识到自己的草率决定是一次错误.
【反】characterized by deliberation（以深思熟虑为特征）；well considered（很好地考虑过的）；deliberate（adj 深思熟虑的）
adjective
■describes something that is done in a hurry, sometimes without the necessary care or thought 仓促的，轻率的
• He warned against making hasty decisions. 他警告过不要仓促作出决定。
• Now let's not leap to any hasty conclusions. 现在我们不要仓促得出结论。
• We saw the rain and made a hasty retreat into the bar. 我们看见下雨了，于是就匆忙躲进酒吧里。
• I think perhaps we were a little hasty in judging him. 我认为我们对他的评价可能有点轻率。
hasty, urgent, prompt, instant
hasty: 匆忙的，草率的
urgent: 紧迫的，紧急的
prompt: 快速的，及时的
instant: 立即的，指几乎察觉不到的时间段
hasty, quick, prompt, fast, instant, rapid, speedy, swift
hasty: 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动，着重缺乏深思熟虑。
quick: 特指瞬时动作，强调动作敏捷迅速；也指匆忙的行为，而不暗示速度很快。
prompt: 主要指动作迅速，毫不拖延，含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。
fast: 常指人或物持续地高速运动，强调运动的方式。
instant: 指某事很快发生或急待解决，含刻不容缓之意。
rapid: 比fast和quick正式，常指运动本身，侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的，也可能是持续的。
speedy: 指人或物或其运动、活动时，着重极度的快捷，多含匆忙意味。
swift: 正式用词，强调非常迅速，往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。
adj. 轻率的；匆忙的；草率的；性怠的
 - brief, rushed

Word: rumor
Front: rumor
['ru:mə] (研托 3498/-)
Vocabulary: rumor
(once / 412 pages)
nv
A rumor is a story which may not be true. Everyone may be talking about the rap superstar who stopped for ice cream in your town, but until there's proof that it really happened, the whole thing is just a rumor.
Are rumors ever true? Of course — sometimes word gets out ahead of time, like when a student overhears teachers talking about the early dismissal before it is announced. When the school closes early, the rumor is confirmed. But many other rumors can never be confirmed, so they stay just that, rumors. True, false, semi-true: who knows? The Latin word rumorem, or noise, is the origin; noise is often all that a rumor is.
WORD FAMILY
rumor: rumored, rumoring, rumors
USAGE EXAMPLES
These situations nearly always involve not just one harasser, but dozens or even thousands threatening or spreading a false rumor about their victim.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
However, there are rumors Trump’s daughter may be more understanding of science.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
During the 19 months he spent there, a rumor circulated among the guards that he would be released as part of a prisoner exchange.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. <美>传闻; [古]名誉; 咕哝; [古]喧嚷
vt. 谣传; 传说
时态：rumored, rumoring, rumors
分布：谣言(66%)，传闻(20%)，谣传(14%)
n.(rumour)传闻,谣言The rumor about him circulated rapidly.有关他的谣言很快就传开了.
n. 谣言；传闻
 - fame, hearsay
vt. 谣传；传说
 - noise

Word: incline
Front: incline
[ɪnˈklaɪn] (研四六雅 12701/12104 -1)
Vocabulary: incline
(once / 93 pages)
1vn 2v
Something that slopes — that is, something that deviates from the straight horizontal or vertical — can be called an incline. If you like to walk up and down hills, you enjoy walking on inclines.
The Latin root of the word incline is inclinare, meaning "to lean." As a verb, the word incline can mean to bend, so you incline your head. It can also mean to be favorably disposed toward something and you can think of it as having a bent for or leaning toward something. If the weather is nasty, you may be inclined to stay home to watch a movie with a bowl of popcorn at your side.
WORD FAMILY
incline: disincline, inclination, inclined, inclines, inclining+/ disinclination: disinclinations/disincline: disinclination, disinclined, disinclines, disinclining/ inclination: inclinations/inclining: inclinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a clergy person I’m inclined to see more than just team loyalty.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
U.S.-born Latinos typically are bilingual or speak mostly English and are inclined to watch TV in English — if they watch at all.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
So it was something of a surprise when, this past February, an academically inclined online publication appeared, full of erudite arguments in favor of Trump.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）倾斜，弄斜; （使）偏向，倾向于; （使）认为; 点（头）（以示同意、打招呼等）
n. 斜坡; 斜面; 坡度; 倾斜
时态：inclined, inclining, inclines
分布：倾斜(48%)，斜坡(32%)，斜面(18%)，向前弯(2%)
→in-,进入，使，-cline,倾向，倾斜，词源同acclivity,decline.
倾斜;偏向(in进入＋cline→进入斜→偏向,喜爱)[clin,cliv=lean,slope,表示"倾斜,斜坡"]
v.(使)倾斜;(使)倾向于n.斜坡,斜面I'm inclined to underline these disciplines in the outline written on linen.我倾向于给写在亚麻布上的大纲中的这些学科划下画线.
formal
verb[ɪnˈklaɪn]
FEEL 感觉
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to (make someone) feel something or want to do something （使）倾向于
• The Prime Minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election. 据信首相倾向于在四月举行大选。
formal
verb[ɪnˈklaɪn]
MOVE 移动
transitive
■to (cause to) slope at a particular angle （使）倾斜
• The ground inclined steeply towards the ridge in the distance. 地势陡峭，陡坡一直延绵至远处的山脊。
incline your head
■to bend your head slightly forward and down 点头
• He inclined his head and said nothing. 他点了点头，但甚么也没说。
formal
verb[ɪnˈklaɪn]
  Phrasal Verbs  incline to/towards sth
■to think that a belief or opinion is probably correct 倾向于认为；倾向于赞同
• I incline to the view that peace can be achieved. 我倾向于认为和平是可以实现的。
formal
noun countable /ˈɪn.klaɪn/
■a slope 斜坡；斜面
• a steep/gentle incline 陡坡／缓坡
vi. 倾斜；倾向；易于
 - pitch, slope, affect
vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于
 - slope, lean
n. 倾斜；斜面；斜坡
 - hill, slope, decline, pitch

Word: binder
Front: binder
[ˈbaɪndə(r)] (12699/12878 -1)
Vocabulary: binder
(once / 4569 pages)
n
A binder is a kind of notebook meant to hold loose papers together. You might have a binder for each of the classes you're taking.
One type of binder has three metal rings that keep papers securely in place, and hard plastic covers to protect them from being bent or torn. You can also use the word binder when you're talking about a sticky or adhesive substance, or anything that binds two items together. The Old English root is bindere, "a person who binds," from bindan, "to tie up."
WORD FAMILY
binder: binders+/ bind: bindable, binded, binder, bindery, binding, binds, rebind, unbind/bindery: binderies/binding: bindingly, bindings/rebind: rebinding, rebinds/unbind: unbinding, unbinds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Massachusetts, unlike many other states, explicitly allows transgender youth to wear binders to compress their breasts, or breast-like inserts under their shirts.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In a green leatherette binder in a room beside her office, tax records show the golf club’s property taxes were $400,000 in 2016.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Several Konkel pieces feature large areas of brushed aluminum whose glistening surfaces mirror Binder’s shiny steel.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 包扎物，包扎工具; [法]临时契约; 粘合剂; 装订工
分布：粘合剂(60%)，活页夹(24%)，活页封面(8%)，缚者(4%)，用以绑缚之物(4%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a hard cover in which paper documents or magazines are stored 活页夹
• a leather/plastic binder 皮质／塑胶活页夹
■* a bookbinder
n. [胶粘] [药] 粘合剂；活页夹；装订工；捆缚者；用以绑缚之物
 - adhesive bonding, binding agent

Word: chronology
Front: chronology
[krəˈnɒlədʒi] (托 12696/12865)
Vocabulary: chronology
(once / 1370 pages)
n
A chronology is like a timeline: it tells what happened when. A chronology of your day would begin when you wake up and end when you go to sleep. Hopefully, something interesting happened in between.
Khronos is the Greek word for "time" and that's where chronology comes from. If a movie has a lot of flashbacks or doesn't tell a story straight through from beginning to end, you might have to give it some thought in order to put together a chronology of events. If you are a detective, a correct chronology could be important to solving your case.
WORD FAMILY
chronology: chronological, chronologies, chronologise, chronologize+/ chronological: chronologically/chronologize: chronologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There is a chronology to public memory,” said Carol Gluck, a professor of history at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute at Columbia University.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Work history: From the employer’s perspective, the reverse chronology — starting with your most recent job and working backward — is still the best format.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Alameddine forgoes the use of chronology and plotting in favor of constructing a character study of a brilliant but tormented soul.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 年代学; 年表，（按时间排列的）大事记
分布：年表(62%)，年代学(34%)，按年代次序的排列(4%)
→chrono, 时间。-logy, 学科，知识。
年代学;年表[chron=time,表示"时间"]
年代学,年表(chrono时间+log+y)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
US [-'nɑ:.lə-] noun countable or uncountable
■the order in which a series of events happened, or a list or explanation of these events in the order in which they happened 按事件发生的年代排列的顺序；（大事）年表
• I'm not sure of the chronology of events. 我对事件发生的时间顺序不是很有把握。
n. [图情] 年表；年代学
 - Fasti

Word: skewer
Front: skewer
[ˈskju:ə(r)] (宝 12721/24428 -1)
Back: n. 串肉杆; 烤肉叉子; 叉状物; 针状物
vt. 用串肉扦串起来; 刺穿; 串住
时态：skewered, skewering, skews
分布：针(41%)，串肉杆(33%)，用杆串好(26%)
→改写自 skiver,碎片，小片，来自 Proto-Germanic*skif,分开，切开，来自 skei,砍，切，词 源同 ski,shear,shiver.引申词义扦子，串肉扦。
US ['skju:.ɚ] noun countable
■a long thin metal pin used for holding pieces of food, especially meat, together during cooking 串肉针； 串肉叉
UK [skjʊər] US ['skju:.ɚ] verb transitive
■to put pieces of food, especially meat, on a skewer 将（肉）串在叉上
n. 烤肉叉子；串肉扦；针
 - needle, pin
vt. 刺穿；串住
 - cut through, transpierce

Word: roasting
Front: roasting
[ˈrəʊstɪŋ] (12682/20393)
Back: adj. 用于烤炙[烘焙]的; 燥热的，灼热的
n. 严厉批评; 受到严厉批评
v. 烤，烘，焙( roast的现在分词 ); 嘲讽; （对某人）非常生气，严厉批评
分布：烧烤(60%)，非常热的(15%)，严厉批评(15%)，用于烤炙的(5%)，动词roast的现在分词形式.(5%)
US ['roʊ-] adjective (also roasting hot)
■very hot 灼热的；炙热的
• It was a roasting summer day. 那是一个炎热的夏日。
• I'm roasting! 我热死了！
UK ['rəʊ.stɪŋ] US ['roʊ-] noun countable usually singular informal
■when you criticize someone in an angry way 严厉批评；非难
• I got a roasting from Mum for being back late. 我回家晚了，挨了妈妈一痛臭骂。
adj. 烤肉用的；灼热的
 - glowing, candent
v. 烤，烘；煅烧（roast的ing形式）；使变暖
 - toasting, baking

Word: scuttle
Front: scuttle
[ˈskʌtl] (托宝 12712/12225 -1)
Vocabulary: scuttle
(once / 1913 pages)
1n 2n 3v
When you scuttle, you move with quick anxious steps, like a bug running for cover when a light is turned on.
Use the word scuttle when you want to describe running or fast walking that’s characterized by short, hasty steps, like someone or something that tries to hurry — a person who is late for work scuttling through a crowd of slow-moving pedestrians — but can't. It is also found in these well-known lines from T.S. Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock": "I should have been a pair of ragged claws / Scuttling across the floors of silent seas."
WORD FAMILY
scuttle: scuttled, scuttles, scuttling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The process therefore seems likely to be beset by many of the same problems that scuttled U.S. efforts to secure a settlement, Heras said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Many are fearful that their research will get scuttled, leading to disastrous consequences for the planet.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
This week, he dispatched a delegation to lobby President Obama not to use the U.S. veto to scuttle a U.N.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 天窗，气窗; 煤桶，煤箱; 筐; [船]舷窗
vt. 破坏（计划），毁坏; （在船底凿孔）使船沉没，凿沉
vi. 快跑，急走; 逃避，急忙撤退
时态：scuttled, scuttling, scuttles
分布：凿沉(30%)，天窗(30%)，煤斗(20%)，急走(10%)，快跑(10%)
→改写自 scud,飞掠，疾走，-le,表反复。scuttle 煤桶，煤斗
US ['skʌtˌ-] verb
RUN 跑
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move quickly, with small short steps, especially in order to escape （尤指为逃脱）碎步快跑，快速移动
• A crab scuttled away under a rock as we passed. 我们经过时，一只螃蟹赶紧钻进岩石下面。
• The children scuttled off as soon as the headmaster appeared. 校长一出现，孩子们一下子都跑光了。
UK ['skʌt.l] US ['skʌtˌ-] verb
SINK 沉没
transitive
■to intentionally sink a ship, especially your own, in order to prevent it from being taken by an enemy （为防止船落入敌手）凿沈，弄沈（尤指自己的船）
transitive
■to stop something happening, or to cause a plan to fail 阻止；破坏；阻挠
UK ['skʌt.l] US ['skʌtˌ-] noun countable
■a coal scuttle
n. [建] 天窗；煤桶；筐
 - skylight, clerestory
vi. 逃避；急促地跑
 - get out of, run from
vt. 使船沉没；破坏
 - destroy, undermine

Word: decree
Front: decree
[dɪˈkri:] (六托雅宝 8412/5485 -2)
Vocabulary: decree
(once / 237 pages)
nv
Look carefully! A decree isn't something you get when you graduate. That one little letter change makes it something else altogether: a legally binding command or the announcement of such a thing.
If you go back far enough, a decree referred to a decision handed down by the Roman emperor. In more modern usage, a divorce decree is the document issued by a court that terminates a marriage. And if you want to go out with someone on a date, but things keep preventing you from having the chance to ask, you could say that fate did not decree it to be so.
WORD FAMILY
decree: decreed, decreeing, decrees
USAGE EXAMPLES
This month its 31 million people lurched a big step closer to that breaking point, thanks to another senseless decree by its autocratic populist government.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The government in November published a draft decree “to prevent further reduction” of the National Fund.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Perhaps this is the wisdom of grandparents, who lived in areas where wine was consumed daily but the selection was meager and decreed by custom.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 法令，命令; （法院的）判决，裁定; （教会的）教令
vt. 命令; 颁布…为法令; （命运）注定; 裁决
vi. 发布命令; 注定
时态：decreed, decreeing, decrees
分布：法令(48%)，颁布(20%)，判决(17%)，裁定(8%)，注定(7%)
→de-, 向下。-cree, 分开，词源同crisis, certain. 用来指裁决，法令。拼写比较degree, agree.
【记】和decry（v 谴责）一起记de向下，cree＝creed（n 信条）：向下颁布的信条－法令
noun countable or uncountable formal
■an official statement that something must happen 法令，政令；命令
• The decree stopped short of a full declaration of independence. 这项法令差点儿就宣布完全独立了。
• More than 200 people were freed by military decree. 军方下令释放200多人。
[dɪ'kri:] verb transitive
■to officially state that something must happen 法令，政令；命令
• They decreed an end to discrimination on grounds of age. 他们下令不准再有年龄歧视。
• [+ that] The local council has decreed that the hospital should close. 当地议会下令关闭那间医院。
n. [法] 法令；判决
 - sentence, award, act, ordinance
vt. 命令；颁布；注定；判决
 - require, order, command, determine, fate
vi. 注定；发布命令
 - be doomed to, issue an order

Word: impasse
Front: impasse
[ˈæmpɑ:s] (宝 12663/14887 -1)
Vocabulary: impasse
(once / 5602 pages)
n
When two huge semi trailers met face-to-face on a one-lane mountain road, the drivers jumped out of their cabs and exclaimed, "We're at an impasse! We can't move forward — we can only reverse and go back in the direction from which we came."
If you investigate impasse a little more closely, you'll discover passer, the French word for to pass. The im- prefix is a negative, meaning that there's no way any passing is going to occur. It's impossible. An impasse is any situation in which the parties involved can't, or won't, move forward or make any sort of progress. Either they are literally stuck, like two big trucks trying to pass each other on a narrow road, or they are figuratively stuck, as in two politicians who are unable to reach an agreement on a new policy.
WORD FAMILY
impasse: impasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
NBCUniversal declared an impasse in the contract talks Thursday, but negotiations resumed Friday and continued Saturday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The memory of the 2011 budget impasse and shutdown looms large for Dayton.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
NBC on Thursday declared an impasse in the negotiations, but discussions between the two sides resumed Friday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 绝境; 僵局; 死路; 死胡同
分布：僵局(93%)，死路(7%)
→来自法语，词源同impassable,不能通行的。引申词义僵局。
死路;僵局(im不+passe→通不过→死路)[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
【记】im不，passe通路，通过－没有出口的路或通道－死路；僵局
US ['ɪm.pæs] noun uncountable
■a situation in which further development is impossible 绝境；僵局
• The dispute had reached an impasse, as neither side would compromise. 由于双方都不肯让步，争端陷入僵局。
n. 僵局；死路
 - logjam, deadlock

Word: boo
Front: boo
[bu:] (宝 12713/19732 -1)
Back: n. 嘘声，喝倒采
vt. & vi. 发出嘘声
int. （表示不满、轻蔑等）嘘，呸
时态：booed, booing, boos
分布：发出嘘声(64%)，呸(18%)，嘘声（pl(18%)
【反】snare（v 诱捕）
verb intransitive or transitive (booing, booed, booed)
■to make an expression of strong disapproval or disagreement 嘘（某人）；（向…）喝倒彩
• People at the back started booing loudly. 后面的人开始大声喝倒彩。
• Her singing was so bad that she was booed off the stage. 她唱得太糟了，被轰下了台。
[bu:] noun countable (boos)
■when someone boos 喝倒彩
[bu:] exclamation
■an expression, usually shouted, used to surprise and frighten someone who does not know you are near them 哇，呔（吓唬别人时发出的声音）
• She jumped out of the cupboard and shouted 'Boo!'. 她从衣橱中跳出来大喊了一声“哇！”
vi. 发出嘘声
 - hiss
int. （表示不满、轻蔑等）嘘
 - sh, hist
n. 嘘声
 - shush, catcall

Word: sobering
Front: sobering
[ˈsəʊbərɪŋ] (12685/18738 -1)
Vocabulary: sobering
(once / 6933 pages)
adj
Something that's sobering is serious, and even a little bit worrying. It's sobering to learn that someone you love is very ill.
You can use the adjective sobering when you talk about news that feels heavy and important. Environmental studies about climate change are sobering, and statistics about the number of stray dogs and cats in the country are sobering too. Things that are sobering make you feel sober, or serious and solemn. The Latin root, sobrius, means "not intoxicated," which is also the original definition of sober.
WORD FAMILY
sober: sobered, soberer, soberest, sobering, soberingly, soberly, soberness, sobers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It offers incredible views, sobering images of humanity’s impact on Earth and great astronaut role models.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The rise of the so-called alt-right—a loose amalgamation of white nationalists, misogynists, anti-Semites, and Islamophobes—provides a more sobering example of Poe’s law.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
The experience proved sobering, even as it also helped chart a course for his next ‎phase.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 有节制的; 清醒的，冷静的; 朴素的，柔和的; 持重的
v. 使清醒(sober的ing形式); 使冷静
分布：使清醒的(44%)，使冷静的(42%)，动词sober的现在分词形式.(14%)
US ['soʊ.bɚ-] adjective
■making you feel serious or think about serious matters 令人警醒的，使人冷静的
• a sobering thought 发人深省的想法
• Surviving a car accident is a sobering experience. 在车祸中幸存下来的经历让人警醒。
adj. 使清醒的；使冷静的；严重的
 - acute, serious, bad

Word: drape
Front: drape
[dreɪp] (6253/7862 -1)
Vocabulary: drape
(once / 574 pages)
nv
The drape of fabric or material is the way it looks — the shape it takes — when it's hanging. If you're sewing a dress, you need to use fabric with the right sort of drape.
You can describe the drape of a piece of velvet or cotton — and you can also use drape to mean "curtain." You could even say, "I just love the drape of those drapes!" When drape is a verb, it means "to cover loosely," as when you drape a quilt over your old sofa to hide its the rips and stains. In the 1940s and 50s, drape was also a slang term for a cool suit of clothes.
WORD FAMILY
drape: draped, drapery, drapes, draping, undrape+/drapery: draperies/undrape: undraped, undrapes, undraping
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cervantes, wearing a Santa hat with a blanket draped over her, passed.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A Michigan defensive back is draped around the left arm of a receiver.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Media trucks sat across the street, and motorists slowed to gawk at the building, whose ornate iron gates were draped with Christmas lights.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（衣物、帘、斗篷等）悬挂，披; （用布等）遮盖或装饰某人或某物; 将某物随便围在或放在另一物上; [医]在（手术室等处）挂上消毒帷
n. （厚长的）帘子，帷帘，帷幕; （帘、幕、衣、裙等）悬挂状
vi. 成褶皱状垂下或悬挂
时态：draped, draping, drapes
分布：布帘(42%)，褶皱(22%)，用布帘覆盖(18%)，悬挂(18%)
→来自dhrebh, 击，打，即对棉花，麻布等原材料的初步加工及弹制，其原义见drab. 后该词词义通用化，也用来指加工过的帘子，帷幕等。
verb
drape sth across/on/over, etc. sth
■to put something such as cloth or a piece of clothing loosely over something 把…披／搭／蒙在等
• He draped his jacket over the back of the chair and sat down to eat. 他把夹克搭在椅子靠背上，然后坐下来吃饭。
• She draped the scarf loosely around her shoulders. 她把围巾松松地披在肩膀上。
be draped in/with sth
■to be loosely covered with a cloth 被…蒙住／盖住
• The coffins were all draped with the national flag. 所有灵柩上都覆盖着国旗。
[dreɪp] verb
draped all over sb usually humorous
■very close to someone and with your arms around them 搂住，抱住
• I saw him last night in the pub with some woman draped all over him. 昨晚我在酒馆里看见他了，还有一个女人搂着他。
[dreɪp] noun countable or uncountable
■the way in which cloth folds or hangs as it covers something （布料挂起来或折叠后）下垂的样子
• She liked the heavy drape of velvet. 她喜欢厚厚的天鹅绒垂下来的样子。
drapes [plural] (also draperies) US
■heavy curtains made with thick cloth （厚布制成的）帷，幕，窗帘
n. 窗帘；褶裥
 - window curtain, window hangings

Word: multimillion-dollar

Word: epiphany
Vocabulary: epiphany
(once / 32923 pages)
n
When inspiration hits you out of the blue, call it an epiphany.
In the Christian tradition, Epiphany (ə-PIF-ə-nee) is a festival celebrating Christ's appearance to the Gentiles, observed every year on January 6. From the Christian sense we get an additional religious sense, "the appearance of a god or deity" and the more common modern usage, a noun meaning "a sudden revelation." There's nothing religious about most epiphanies these days — your "Eureka!" moment could come when you realize that you're in the wrong line of work and you need to quit your job to join the circus.
WORD FAMILY
epiphany: epiphanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the most important thing about this epiphany was not the arboreal splendor itself, but the Lord’s appointment on earth: The Christmas Tree Whisperer.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
It was a long road to this epiphany. Sapienza was sentenced to 25 years to life.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
After seeing himself on a hospital stretcher, he recalled: “I had an epiphany.”
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Epiphany
(once / 27297 pages)
n
Epiphany is the Christian festival held on January 6th, 12 days after Christmas, to celebrate the visit of the three kings (or wise men) to the infant Jesus.
Christians believe that on the Epiphany, the infant Christ was visited by three kings bearing gifts. It's also referred to as Twelfth Day, Three Kings Day, or Epiphany of Our Lord. It's celebrated differently around the world and can include the baking of a "king cake," gift giving, singing, and grand parades. Epiphany with a lower-case "e" means a moment of realization or understanding — like a magical "aha" moment, where you are one of those wise men.
WORD FAMILY
Epiphany: Epiphanies
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s also a specifically Christian season that includes Advent, beginning on the Sunday closest to Nov. 30, and extends until Epiphany on Jan. 6.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It was the feast of the Epiphany, a holy day of obligation, so Papa did not go to work.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Beaked Perchten, frightening female figures who appear at Epiphany, probably derive from far more archaic beliefs.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)

Word: overcoat
Front: overcoat
[ˈəʊvəkəʊt] (中高研四六 12679/10596 -1)
Back: n. 大衣; 外套; 保护层，护膜
分布：大衣(83%)，外套(17%)
外套(over+coat衣服→在衣服上的衣服→外套)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
n.外衣,大衣When the boat floats through the throat, the goat in overcoat goes to the goal.当船漂过狭口时,穿大衣的山羊朝目标走去.
US ['oʊ.vɚ.koʊt] noun countable
■a long thick coat worn in cold weather 大衣，长大衣
n. [服装] 大衣，外套
 - outerwear, outer coat

Word: cameraman
Front: cameraman
[ˈkæmrəmæn] (10976/11510 -1)
Back: n. 摄影师; 摄影记者
分布：摄影师(100%)
noun countable
■a person who operates a camera when films or television programmes are being made 摄影师；摄像师
n. 摄影师；照相师；摄影记者
 - photographer, lensman

Word: ANOVA

Word: butler
Front: butler
[ˈbʌtlə(r)] (11155/5463 -1)
Back: n. 男管家; 仆役长; 司膳官
分布：男管家(72%)，仆役长(28%)
→but, 同bottle, 酒瓶。原指贵族或封建领主的侍酒者，酒管。
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■the most important male servant in a house, usually responsible for organizing the other servants 男管家
n. 男管家；仆役长
 - khansamah, buttler

Word: Parmesan
Front: Parmesan
['pɑː(r)mɪzæn] (12650/36819 -1)
Back: n. 用脱脂乳制成的坚硬的意大利干酪；帕尔马干酪
adj. 意大利帕尔马城的
分布：用脱脂乳制成的坚硬的意大利干酪(100%)
→来自意大利北部城市Parma.
N-UNCOUNT
帕尔马干酪（意大利烹调中常用的浓味硬干酪）
Parmesan or Parmesan cheese is a hard cheese with a strong flavour which is often used in Italian cooking.

Word: uncomfortably
Front: uncomfortably
[ʌnˈkʌmftəbli] (12708/10148)
Back: adv. 不舒适地，不自在地，令人不快地
分布：不舒适地(51%)，困难地(33%)，不愉快地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
不自在的；不安的；尴尬的
If you are uncomfortable, you are slightly worried or embarrassed, and not relaxed and confident.
例：The request for money made them feel uncomfortable...索要金钱让他们有些不安。
例：If you are uncomfortable with your counsellor or therapist, you must discuss it...如果面对咨询顾问或治疗师时你觉得不自在，一定要提出来。
ADJ-GRADED
不舒服的；不舒适的
Something that is uncomfortable makes you feel slight pain or physical discomfort when you experience it or use it.
例：Wigs are hot and uncomfortable to wear constantly...头上老是顶着假发，又热又不舒服。
例：The Metro journey back to the centre of the town was hot and uncomfortable.乘地铁返回市中心又热又不舒服。
ADJ-GRADED
身体不适的；不舒服的
If you are uncomfortable, you are not physically content and relaxed, and feel slight pain or discomfort.
例：I sometimes feel uncomfortable after eating in the evening...我晚上吃完饭有时会觉得不舒服。
例：People living or working with smokers can find it uncomfortable to wear contact lenses because the smoke causes irritation.与吸烟者一起生活或工作的人会发现戴隐形眼镜不舒服，因为烟具有刺激作用。
ADJ-GRADED
（处境、事实等）令人不快的，令人担忧的，令人不安的
You can describe a situation or fact as uncomfortable when it is difficult to deal with and causes problems and worries.
例：It is uncomfortable to think of our own death, but we need to...想到人终有一死会感到不舒服，但我们不得不去面对。
例：Such questions are uncomfortable to answer...这些问题让人很难回答。
adv. 不舒适地；不自在地；令人不快地
 - uneasily, undesirably

Word: flashback
Front: flashback
[ˈflæʃbæk] (12687/21158 -1)
Vocabulary: flashback
(once / 10359 pages)
1n 2n
A flashback is a transition in a story to an earlier time, that interrupts the normal chronological order of events. A flashback in a movie might show what happened when a character was younger.
Flashbacks are often used for comedic effect, to prove or contradict something in the present. For example, if a character in a sitcom claims he does the dishes every single night, flashbacks could show him ignoring a giant pile of dirty dishes on various occasions. Flashback can also mean a sudden, vivid remembrance of past events, like having a flashback to your kindergarten days if you go visit that classroom today.
WORD FAMILY
flashback: flashbacks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In “20th Century Women,” this provided the germ of an opening-scene flashback.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“Judas” is a narrative in the present, with flashbacks to the Holleeders’ childhood.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The narrative is complicated, using flashbacks within flashbacks.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 闪回，倒叙; 药效幻觉重现
分布：闪回(48%)，倒叙(36%)，迷幻药效幻觉重现(11%)，插叙(5%)
noun
countable or uncountable
■a short part of a film, story or play that goes back to events in the past （电影、故事或戏剧的）闪回，倒叙，倒叙片段
• The novel began with a flashback to the hero's experiences in the war. 小说开头以倒叙的手法描写了主人翁在战争中的经历。
countable usually plural
■a sudden, clear memory of a past event or time, usually one that was bad （尤指不愉快往事的）闪回
• I kept having flashbacks of her lying there bleeding. 我的脑海里不断闪现出她躺在那里流着血的情景。
n. 倒叙；闪回；迷幻药效幻觉重现
 - backflash

Word: beleaguered
Front: beleaguered
[bɪˈli:gəd] (12686/14504 -1)
Back: adj. 受到围困[围攻]的; 包围的
v. 围攻( beleaguer的过去式和过去分词); 困扰; 骚扰
分布：围困的(52%)，处于困境的(28%)，饱受批评的(20%)
US [-gɚd] adjective
■troubled by someone or a situation 被烦扰的；处于困境的
• The arrival of the fresh medical supplies was a welcome sight for the beleaguered doctors working in the refugee camps. 新医疗用品的到来大受医生们的欢迎，他们在难民营中已忙得不可开交了。
■surrounded by an army 被…围攻的
• The occupants of the beleaguered city had no means of escape. 城市被围攻，居民无路可逃。
adj. 围困的；包围的
 - circled
v. 围攻（beleaguer的过去式和过去分词）
 - mobbed

Word: airfield
Front: airfield
[ˈeəfi:ld] (12723/6643 -1)
Back: n. 飞机场
分布：飞机场(100%)
US ['er-/ (UK old-fashioned aerodrome)
noun countable
■a level area where aircraft can take off and land, which has fewer buildings and services than an airport and is used by fewer passengers （小型）飞机场
n. [航] 飞机场
 - drome, air-depot

Word: mourner
Front: mourner
[ˈmɔ:nə(r)] (12726/15189 -1)
Vocabulary: mourner
(once / 1498 pages)
n
Anyone who is grieving for a person who has died is a mourner. Funerals give mourners the opportunity to remember and say goodbye to a loved one.
While a mourner is anyone who mourns someone's death, the word is often used to mean "person attending a funeral." In some cultures, throughout history, professional mourners were people who were hired to publicly display their grief at the funeral of some well-known figure. Today, most mourners are family members and friends — people who knew the person well and grieve their death.
WORD FAMILY
mourner: mourners+/ mourn: mourned, mourner, mournful, mourning, mourns/mourned: unmourned/ mournful: mournfulest, mournfully, mournfulness/ mourning: mourningly, mournings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He interrupted the closing procession and singing of "May Choirs of Angels" to draw mourners' attention to a painting of Gabor’s horse.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After the clergyman said a few final words, the mourners stayed in place for a long moment, silent and not quite ready to leave.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Hundreds of mourners visited as Cianci lay in repose at city hall for two days.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 哀悼者，悲伤者; 悲伤的人，哀伤的人; 忏悔者; [拳]眼圈被打得发黑的拳手
分布：送葬者(46%)，悲伤者(23%)，忏悔者(17%)，吊唁者(14%)
→来自mourn,哀悼。即哀悼的人，吊唁者。
US ['mɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
■a person at a funeral 哀悼者；送葬者
• The dead man's wife and children were the chief mourners. 死者的妻子和孩子是主要的送葬人。
n. 哀悼者；悲伤者；送葬者；忏悔者
 - lamehter, wailer

Word: inflated
Front: inflated
[ɪnˈfleɪtɪd] (12693/13798)
Vocabulary: inflated
(once / 2342 pages)
adj
If it's puffed up and overrated, it's probably inflated — a simple adjective that means blown out of proportion or exaggerated.
Think of a balloon. You blow and blow, and it gets bigger and bigger. Sometimes if you blow too much it takes on a distorted shape, or even explodes. Now use that same imagery, but swap the balloon for someone's ego or the price of U2 concert tickets. Both personalities and prices can get inflated beyond reasonableness — the personalities with pretentious hot air and the prices with unnecessary cost.
WORD FAMILY
inflated: inflatedly+/ inflate: inflatable, inflated, inflater, inflates, inflating, inflation, inflator/ inflation: disinflation, inflationary, inflations/inflator: inflators
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are accused of misusing public money by paying inflated prices for public works contracts.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Voucher proponents dismiss the estimate as inflated by a Democratic state education chief.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
False returns typically reported inflated or fictitious income from a sole proprietorship and claimed phony dependents to generate an Earned Income Tax Credit.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. （价格）飞涨的; （通货）膨胀的; <贬>言过其实的; 充了气的
v. 使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）膨胀; （使）通货膨胀; 物价上涨
分布：膨胀的(73%)，夸张的(23%)，动词inflate的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■Inflated prices, costs, numbers, etc. are higher than they should be, or higher than people think is reasonable. （价格、成本、数目等）过高的，过多的
adj. 通货膨胀的；充了气的；价格飞涨的；（植物）肿胀的
 - swollen, oncotic

Word: crease
Front: crease
[kri:s] (雅宝 12719/14754 -1)
Back: n. 皱褶，折缝; 折痕; （皮肤上，尤指脸上的）皱纹; 板球运动（投球手和击球手的）位置线
vt. 使有皱褶，弄皱; 表面被子弹擦伤或击伤
vi. 起皱
时态：creased, creasing, creases
分布：折痕(56%)，起皱(21%)，弄皱(16%)，皱痕(4%)，使某人乐不可支(3%)
→来自crest的拼写变体。
【记】create（v 创造，引起）：create a creasecr哭，ease＝easy：很轻松就哭了，就是老哭，脸上能没有皱纹吗？
【参】grease（n 油脂）
noun
FOLD 折叠
countable
■a line on cloth or paper where it has been folded or crushed （布或纸上的）褶痕，皱褶
• He ironed a crease down the front of each trouser leg. 他在每条裤腿的正面熨出一条褶痕来。
[kri:s] noun
CRICKET 板球
only singular UK specialized
■a line drawn on the ground where the player stands to hit the ball in cricket （板球打击手击球的）区域线，击球线
[kri:s] verb intransitive or transitive
■If cloth, paper, etc. creases, or if you crease it, it gets a line in it where it has been folded or crushed 压皱；（使）起褶皱
• The seatbelt has creased my blouse. 安全带把我的衬衫弄皱了。
• It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily. 这条裙子很漂亮，但很容易起皱。
[kri:s] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  crease (sb) up UK informal
■to laugh a lot, or make someone else laugh a lot （使）（某人）大笑
• The look on his face just creased me up. 他脸上的表情真把我笑死了。
n. 折痕；折缝
 - fell, fold
vi. 起皱
 - wrinkle
vt. 弄皱；使起折痕
 - crush, crumple

Word: espresso
Front: espresso
[eˈspresəʊ] (12725/36015)
Vocabulary: espresso
(once / 21648 pages)
n
Espresso is an Italian style of coffee that's brewed very strong and served in a small cup. When you add steamed milk to espresso, you get a latte or a cappuccino.
Espresso is different from regular American coffee in many ways. It's typically made using dark roasted coffee beans that are very finely ground and brewed in a special espresso machine that forces hot water at high pressure through the ground coffee. The resulting espresso is dark, ideally with a layer of creamy-colored "crema" on the top. In Italian, espresso means "pressed out," from the Latin exprimere, "squeeze out."
WORD FAMILY
espresso: espressos
USAGE EXAMPLES
To serve, dollop the custard into cups and serve with lightly sweetened whipped cream and topped with a sprinkling of finely ground espresso.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
So far, so stout, which means that the taste – almost burned, like cocoa nibs and espresso – is a welcome surprise.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Akouma says that in small amounts—one to two spoons—iboga stimulates the senses, much like a few shots of espresso.
Slate(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 浓咖啡，蒸馏咖啡（让蒸汽或开水通过磨碎的咖啡豆制成的浓咖啡）
分布：浓咖啡(100%)
→es-, 向外，同ex-. press, 压制，压缩。
US [-oʊ] (plural espressos)
noun countable or uncountable
■strong coffee, or a cup of this, made by forcing hot water through crushed coffee beans and served without milk （一杯）蒸馏咖啡（将磨碎的咖啡豆用热水冲蒸制成的浓咖啡，饮用时不加奶）
• Do you like espresso? 你喜欢浓缩咖啡吗？
• Would you prefer an espresso or a cappuccino? 你是喜欢来杯浓缩咖啡还是卡布奇诺咖啡？
n. （用汽加压煮出的）浓咖啡
 - expresso

Word: whipped
Front: whipped
['wɪpt] (12728/23017)
Back: v. 鞭打( whip的过去式和过去分词 ); 抽打; 搅拌…直至变稠; 偷
分布：受到鞭打的(75%)，动词whip的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
N-COUNT
鞭子
A whip is a long thin piece of material such as leather or rope, fastened to a stiff handle. It is used for hitting people or animals.
VERB
鞭打(人或动物)
If someone whips a person or animal, they beat them or hit them with a whip or something like a whip.
例：Eyewitnesses claimed Mr Melton whipped the horse up to 16 times...目击证人称梅尔顿先生抽打了这匹马16鞭之多。
例：He was whipped with a studded belt.他被用带有饰钉的皮带抽打。
VERB
(风等)猛烈地抽打
If something, for example the wind, whips something, it strikes it sharply.
例：A terrible wind whipped our faces...狂风抽打着我们的脸。
例：A branch whipped her across the cheek.一根树枝抽打到了她的脸颊。
VERB
(在外力作用下)猛然移动
If something flexible whips in a particular way, it moves sharply when it is affected by a force, for example by the wind.
例：Blond strands of hair whipped in the wind.缕缕金发在风中飘扬。
VERB
快速移开;快速拿走
If someone whips something out or whips it off, they take it out or take it off very quickly and suddenly.
例：Bob whipped out his notebook...鲍勃迅速掏出他的笔记本。
例：Players were whipping their shirts off...运动员们在飞快地脱衬衫。
VERB
迅速地移动
If something or someone whips somewhere, they move there or go there very quickly.
例：The wind out here is whipping along at about 30 miles an hour...在这里，大风以每小时大约30英里的速度刮着。
例：I whipped into a parking space.我迅速地驶入一个停车位。
VERB
搅打(奶油或鸡蛋等)
When you whip something liquid such as cream or an egg, you stir it very fast until it is thick or stiff.
例：Whip the cream until thick...搅打奶油直到它变黏稠。
例：Whip the eggs, oils and honey together.把鸡蛋、油和蜂蜜搅打在一起。
VERB
(故意)激起(情绪)
If you whip people into an emotional state, you deliberately cause and encourage them to be in that state.
例：He could whip a crowd into hysteria...他能让一群人变得歇斯底里。
例：Politicians and businessmen have whipped themselves into a panic.政治家和商人们把他们自己弄得十分恐慌。
N-COUNT
组织秘书，党鞭（维持党纪并督导该党议员出席议会重要议题的讨论和表决的人）
A whip is a member of a political party in a parliament or legislature who is responsible for making sure that party members are present to vote on important issues and that they vote in the appropriate way.
PHRASE
控制权;主导地位
If you have the whip hand, you have power over someone else in a particular situation.
例：These days the shopper has the whip hand, and will not buy if stores fail to lower their prices.如今购物者占主导地位，如果商店不降价，他们是不会买的。

Word: sneer
Front: sneer
[snɪə(r)] (六托宝 12717/12448 -1)
Vocabulary: sneer
(once / 401 pages)
nv
If your smile is contorted with contempt or your upper lip curled with distaste and disdain, you're probably sneering. And you should stop, because it isn't nice.
Many things can elicit a sneer: a terrible red carpet outfit, a disgusting plate of food, a stupid joke told for the third time. But sneers aren't just meant to show disgust. They're mean-spirited, mocking and often downright snooty. So now that you know the definition of sneer inside and out, resist the temptation to sneer at those who don't!
WORD FAMILY
sneer: sneered, sneerer, sneering, sneers+/sneerer: sneerers/sneering: sneeringer, sneeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cruz and Garbrandt continued their agreeably disagreeable display of hostility, sneering and lunging and flailing at each other until they were, inevitably, separated.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a word that may be said with a sneer concerning a wine’s potential.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The correct response to them is sneering, ‘They’re rebooting that?’
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vi. 讥笑，冷笑
n. 嘲笑，冷笑; 讥笑的表情（言语）
时态：sneered, sneering, sneers
分布：嘲笑(63%)，冷笑(37%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.引申词义嘲笑， 讥讽。
【记】sneak做事的人值得sneer。
US [snɪr] verb intransitive or transitive
■to talk about or look at someone or something in an unkind way that shows you do not respect or approve of them 嘲笑，讥讽
• You may sneer, but a lot of people like this kind of music. 你可以嗤之以鼻，但很多人喜欢这种音乐。
• She'll probably sneer at my new shoes because they're not expensive. 她也许会取笑我的新鞋子，因为买得很便宜。
• [+ speech] "Is that the best you can do?" he sneered. “那就是你最大的能耐了吗？”他嘲笑着说。
UK [snɪər] US [snɪr] noun countable disapproving
■an unkind expression on your face which shows you do not respect or approve of someone or something 嘲笑，讥讽
• "How much did you say you earned last year - was it fifteen thousand?" she said with a sneer. “你说去年你赚了多少钱——是一万五吗？”她语带讥讽地说道。
mock, sneer, ridicule, scoff
这组词都有“嘲笑”的意思，其区别是：
mock: 指一种挖苦的，带挑衅性的嘲笑。
sneer: 指除了用讽刺言语讥笑外还带轻蔑的表情。
ridicule: 多指有意地用言语对戏弄某人，以使之显得渺小，不重要。此种嘲笑善意恶意均可。
scoff: 指对一般受到尊重的事物的嘲笑。
giggle, laugh, chuckle, roar, sneer, beam, jeer, grin
这组词都有“笑”的意思，其区别是：
giggle: v.咯咯地笑，痴笑，傻笑，多指女人和孩子由于紧张、被逗乐、尴尬时所发出的笑声。
 • The schoolgirls giggled when the famous football player walkedsintostheir classroom.   当这个著名的足球运动员走进教室时，女生们都咯咯地笑起来。
laugh: v.笑，大笑，用于一般的笑或出声的大笑。
chuckle: v. (书面语)吃吃的笑，抿嘴笑，轻声笑，多指因得意或领会到某事中的趣味而暗自发笑。
 • She does not laugh out loud; she only chuckles.   她没有笑出声来，只是抿嘴而笑。
roar: v.怒吼，咆哮，引申为放声大笑，哄堂大笑。
 • He roared when he heard the joke.   听完这个笑话，他哈哈大笑。
sneer: v.冷笑，嘲笑，指以语言、表情、和声调表示轻蔑或嘲弄。
 • He sneered at the offer and said it was two low.   他对报价嗤之以鼻，说它太低了。
beam: v.本义指照耀，放光，引申为"微笑"，是正式用语，指面带喜悦或笑容，暗示对他人的友好或内心的满足。
 • She beamed with happiness.   她高兴得眉开眼笑。
jeer: v.讥笑，嘲笑，其同义词是mock。
 • The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.   当那个拳手被人打倒时，人群开始嘲笑他。
grin: v.露齿而笑，指人因高兴、满足、轻蔑等咧开嘴露齿地笑。
 • He grinned at his mother.   他冲他的妈妈咧嘴一笑。
laugh, smile, siggle, grin, beam, sneer
这些动词均含“笑”之意。
laugh: 最常用词，指因喜悦、愉快或轻视而出声的笑或大笑。
smile: 指面露微笑，侧重于无声。
siggle: 指发出咯咯的笑声，较多地用于女人或孩子。
grin: 指露齿而笑。
beam: 书面用词，指人因心情舒畅而发出的笑，即喜形于色地笑。
sneer: 指冷笑、嘲笑。
vi. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, make a mockery of
vt. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - laugh at, deride
n. 嘲笑，冷笑
 - derision, sarcasm

Word: polarization
Front: polarization
[ˌpəʊləraɪ'zeɪʃn] (12692/17311)
Vocabulary: polarization
(once / 14105 pages)
n
Polarization happens when people become divided into contrasting groups. If a teacher lets the class vote on whether to have class outside or not, and half wants to stay and the other half wants to go, that issue caused polarization.
Polarization is a concept that comes from science, and it involves light, radiation, or magnetism moving in specific directions. Outside science, polarization usually refers to how people think, especially when two views emerge that drive people apart, kind of like two opposing magnets. When Democrats and Republicans fight, it can cause polarization. A Civil War is a serious form of polarization. Polarization involves people moving in two directions — they're becoming almost as separate as the North and South Pole.
WORD FAMILY
polarization: polarizations+/depolarise: depolarised, depolarising/depolarization: depolarizations/depolarize: depolarization, depolarized, depolarizes, depolarizing/ polar: bipolar, circumpolar, nonpolar, polarise, polarity, polarize, polarly, transpolar/polarisation: depolarisation/polarise: depolarise, polarisation, polarised, polarises, polarising/ polarity: polarities/ polarize: depolarize, polarization, polarized, polarizes, polarizing/ pole: polar, poled, poles, poling
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the truth is, the extraordinary polarization in this conflict extends beyond Israelis and Palestinians.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
He taught “Faith and Politics” once before, in 1992, but did not challenge students to fix the national polarization.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“For any Western country they target, jihadists want more polarization between Muslims and the rest of the population,” Vidino said.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 产生极性; 极化; （光）偏振; 对立
分布：极化(100%)
V-ERG
（使）两极化；（使）分化；（使）对立
If something polarizes people or if something polarizes, two separate groups are formed with opposite opinions or positions.
例：Missile deployment did much to further polarize opinion in Britain...在英国，导弹部署极大地导致了意见进一步分化。
例：As the car rental industry polarizes, business will go to the bigger companies...随着汽车租赁业的两极分化，生意将流向较大的公司。

Word: outperform
Front: outperform
[ˌaʊtpəˈfɔ:m] (12732/24034 -1)
Vocabulary: outperform
(once / 6338 pages)
v
To outperform is to accomplish something in a better or more impressive way that someone else. In a marathon, the younger runners usually outperform the very oldest ones.
Whenever you surpass or beat the record of another person, you can say you outperform them. Experienced workers frequently outperform newer employees, and pundits like to worry aloud about students in other countries who outperform American kids on standardized tests. You can also say that an investment that makes more money outperforms a less profitable one.
WORD FAMILY
outperform: outperformed, outperforming, outperforms
USAGE EXAMPLES
A higher share of Bellevue students also outperformed the U.S. and international averages in reading and science.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Strategies that outperform for a stretch often succumb to simple mean reversion.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Athens says the bailout allows it to raise spending if it outperforms its budget targets—which it says it is on track to do.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 做得比…更好，胜过
v. （机器等）性能比…好
时态：outperformed, outperforming, outperforms
分布：优于(75%)，超额完成(15%)，过度执行(10%)
→out-,超过，perform,履行，表现。
US [-pɚ'fɔ:rm] verb transitive
■to do well in a particular job or activity compared to others of a similar type 超过，胜过；比…做得好
• The Peugeot engine has consistently outperformed its rivals this season. 这一季，标致汽车引擎的表现一直优于竞争对手。
vt. 胜过；做得比……好
 - overcome, exceed, cap, transcend

Word: accomplice
Front: accomplice
[əˈkʌmplɪs] (托宝 12704/11918 -1)
Vocabulary: accomplice
(once / 1128 pages)
n
An accomplice is a cooperator or participator, commonly in criminal acts. So you’re an accomplice to the gas station robbery if you distracted the store manager while your partner in crime raided the registers for cash.
Coming from the Old French word complice, which means “a confederate,” an accomplice is an ally or partaker, sometimes in wrongdoing. Novelist Saul Bellow famously said that "when we ask for advice, we are usually looking for an accomplice.” What he means, in more direct terms, is that we run potential plans by others because we're looking for approval or someone to go along with us, not because we truly want their opinion.
WORD FAMILY
accomplice: accomplices
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said police are still looking for his alleged accomplice, Sara Castro-Martin, in a Dec. 6 burglary and arson at a Sparks hotel-casino.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Or was he a gullible, perhaps criminal accomplice to patients who were conning him to feed an addiction or resell their prescriptions?
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her brother, seen as an accomplice, was the victim of two violent attacks by unknown assailants.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 共犯; 帮凶
分布：同谋(40%)，共犯(34%)，帮凶(26%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根ply, 卷进，见apply,申请（成为一份子）。-ice, 名词后缀，此处字母y变为i.
同谋(ac+com共同+plice→共同重叠在一起[做事]→同谋)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
【参】duplicity（n 口是心非）；complicated（adj 复杂的）
【记】com共同，plice＝place－有共同的地方。设想那些劫银行的、炸帝国大厦的同谋者、帮凶是不是会先在一个僻静的小屋里谋划一下时间、地点之类的。
US [-'kɑ:m-] noun countable
■a person who helps someone else to commit a crime or to do something morally wrong 共犯，同谋，帮凶
n. 同谋者， [法] 共犯
 - complice, co-conspirator

Word: self-sufficient
Front: self-sufficient
[self sə'fɪʃnt] (托雅 -1)
Back: adj. 自足的，极为自负的，傲慢的; 自给; 自给自足
分布：自给自足的(93%)，过于自信的(7%)
adjective
■able to provide everything you need, especially food, for yourself without the help of other people （尤指食物）自给自足的
• The programme aims to make the country self-sufficient in food production and to cut energy imports. 这个企划案旨在使国家在粮食上能自给自足，并减少能源进口。
adj. 自给自足的；极为自负的；过于自信的
 - autarkic, overconfident

Word: aversion
Front: aversion
[əˈvɜ:ʃn] (托宝 12694/13964 -1)
Vocabulary: aversion
(once / 976 pages)
1n 2n
If you have an aversion to something, you have an intense dislike for it. Commonly it's food, but you could have an aversion to black and white movies, driving with the windows open, or taking calls from salespeople.
An aversion is also the person or thing that is the object of such intense dislike: her aversions included all kinds of vegetables and fruits. This noun is from Latin avertio, ultimately from avertere "to turn away," from the prefix a- "from" plus vertere "to turn." Near synonyms are repugnance and antipathy.
WORD FAMILY
aversion: aversions+/ avert: aversion, avertable, averted, averting, averts
USAGE EXAMPLES
He felt things deeply; those aversions were matched by equally consuming passions.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
For now, one popular suggestion by news-literacy educators is to tap teenagers’ instinctive aversion to people telling them what to think.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
This is not because of an aversion to technology, nor the lack of necessary skills.
Economist(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 厌恶; 讨厌的人或东西; <废>转变方向; 背离
分布：嫌恶(58%)，憎恨(42%)
反感[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
嫌恶,憎恨(averse逆反的,反对的,a反+verse转)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【反】affinity（n 密切关系）；court（n 殷勤）；penchant＝propensity＝inclination＝proclivity（n 倾向；偏好）
US [-'vɝ:.ʒən] noun countable usually singular
■(a person or thing which causes) a feeling of strong dislike or of not wishing to do something 厌恶，反感；讨厌的人（或事物）
• I felt an instant aversion to his parents. 我立刻对他的父母产生了反感。
• She has a deep aversion to getting up in the morning. 早上她很不愿意起床。
• Greed is my pet aversion (= the thing I dislike most of all). 我最痛恨贪得无厌。
n. 厌恶；讨厌的人
 - abomination, allergy

Word: coalesce
Front: coalesce
[ˌkəʊəˈles] (托宝 12702/18713)
Vocabulary: coalesce
(once / 378 pages)
1v 2v
Waiting for a plan to come together? You're waiting for it to coalesce. Coalesce is when different elements of something join together and become one.
In coalesce, you see co-, which should tell you the word means "together." The other half of the word comes from alescere, a Latin verb meaning "to grow up." So if you are trying to start up a photography club at school, once you have an advisor, some interested students and support from the administration, things will be coalescing or growing together. Another way to remember that? An adolescent is one who is growing. A lot!
WORD FAMILY
coalesce: coalesced, coalescency, coalesces, coalescing, coalition +/ coalition: coalitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s partly due to critical consensus, which always tends to coalesce around a similar group of records.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Soon, they coalesced into a chanting mass of around three hundred: “Down, down with military rule!”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
R&B weariness and exhaustion gradually coalesces into outright dissent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 联合，合并
时态：coalesced, coalescing, coalesces
分布：合并(42%)，联合(40%)，接合(18%)
→co-,表强调，-al,生长，词源同adult,adolescence.即长到一块。
联合;合作(co+al=ally联盟+esce)[co-表示"共同",通常放在元音词根前]
结合,联合[alesc=grow(成长)]
【记】co共同，al＝ally联盟－共同联盟－结合coal（n 煤）：由非结晶碳、有机化合物和无机化合物组成－结合
【反】disaggregate（v 使崩溃；分解）；bifurcate（v 分叉）；polarize（v 使两极分化）
US [koʊ-] formal
verb intransitive
■If two or more things coalesce, they come or grow together to form one thing or system. 联合，合并
vi. 合并；结合；联合
 - bond, couple, combine, become one, band
vt. 使…联合；使…合并
 - unite

Word: calculus
Front: calculus
[ˈkælkjələs] (六宝 12738/20863)
Vocabulary: calculus
(once / 4786 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Calculus is a way of using math to study changes in a system. Moral calculus, on the other hand, is a way of measuring morals and ethics, like choosing the lesser of two evils.
After an apple bonked him on the head, Newton used calculus to fine-tune his Law of Gravity. Don’t break that law, or you’ll fall right off the planet. Today, if you take a calculus class, you’ve probably already taken geometry and trigonometry. Well done. You’ll measure changes between infinitesimally small points or the area of a curve. In the medical world, a calculus is a hard, crusty mass like a kidney stone; or tartar on a tooth. In Latin, calculus means "small pebble used for counting."
WORD FAMILY
calculus: calculi, calculous, calculuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the calculus is different for top-ranked private schools with an abundance of qualified applicants.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Critics worry about slippery slopes and evolving calculus.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
However, neuromuscular training changed that calculus, he continued, dropping the likely incidence of the injuries to about 1.5 percent of the athletes.
New York Times(Mar 19, 2014)
Back: n. [医]结石，石，积石，牙垢; [数]运算，演算，微积分（学）
分布：微积分(62%)，结石(35%)，算法(3%)
→来自词根calc, 小石子。指古时用小石子计数，现指数学术语微积分。
['kæl.kjʊ.ləs] specialized
noun uncountable
■an area of advanced mathematics in which continuously changing values are studied 微积分
n. [病理] 结石； [数] 微积分学
 - stone, concrement

Word: mistaken
Front: mistaken
[mɪˈsteɪkən] (高 12710/9508 -K2)
Vocabulary: mistaken
(once / 202 pages)
adj
Someone who's mistaken is confused or wrong about something. If you think your guidance counselor is mistaken about what you should do with your life, you will probably ignore his advice.
If you see a car speeding through town, you might assume the driver is a teenager — but you'd be mistaken if the car is actually driven by an elderly lady. You also might believe someone else is mistaken if their opinion seems wrong to you: "You think strawberry ice cream is better than chocolate, but you're mistaken." Mistaken comes from mistake, from its Old Norse root mistaka, "take in error."
WORD FAMILY
mistaken: mistakenly+/mistakable: mistakably, unmistakable/ mistake: mistakable, mistaken, mistakes, mistaking, mistook/mistaking: mistakings/unmistakable: unmistakably
USAGE EXAMPLES
John: I find most bookstores that say that they are the best at something are mistaken.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Razor Girl, full of eccentric characters, mistaken identities, coincidences and farce, follows a similar format.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But the fact that they describe a teetering world of rigid class boundaries and vanishing deference is often mistaken for a tacit endorsement.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. （人）弄错的，理解错误的; （行动、想法、判断等）错误的; 被误解的
v. 弄错，误解(mistake的过去分词); 认不出; 误会; 误解
分布：错误的(95%)，犯错的(4%)，动词mistake的过去分词.(1%)
→来自mistake,错误，失误。引申词义错误的，误解的。
adjective
■wrong in what you believe, or based on a belief that is wrong 错误的；弄错的
• If you think you can carry on drinking so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken. 如果你认为可以继续喝这么多酒而不损害健康的话，那你错了。
• I'm afraid I was mistaken about how much it would cost. 恐怕我搞错了要花多少钱。
• The negotiations continued in the mistaken belief that a peaceful agreement could be reached. 人们都误以为可以达成和平协定，谈判就在这个背景下继续进行着。
• a case of mistaken identity 认错人的案例
adj. 错误的；弄错的；被误解的
 - false, wrong, incorrect, improper, inaccurate

Word: idiom
Front: idiom
[ˈɪdiəm] (高研四六托雅宝 12698/10357 -1)
Vocabulary: idiom
(once / 2004 pages)
1n 2n
An idiom is a form of expression that is particular to a certain person or group of people. If your friend always says, "squirrelly nuteriffic!" when she means something is great, she's using her own idiom.
Idiom comes from the Greek idios, which means personal. Idiom originally meant "speech peculiar or proper to a people or country." These days we use idiom for a specialized vocabulary or an expression that isn't obvious, like kick the bucket which means "die." If you're studying a foreign language, idioms are the hardest phrases to translate.
WORD FAMILY
idiom: idiomatic, idiomatical, idioms+/ idiomatic: idiomatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rich retrofitted the American lyric idiom to the exploration of trauma.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Now, however, it often seems astoundingly vital: No dance idiom is more overwhelmingly sensuous.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Unlike those choreographers, who initially rejected dance technique, Ms. Meehan insisted that highly trained dancers execute her own nonballetic idiom with refined precision.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 习语，成语; 方言，土语; （语言）风格; 惯用语法
分布：成语(72%)，风格(10%)，惯用语(8%)，方言(5%)，特色(5%)
→来自希腊语idios,个人的，自己的，来自swe,个人，自己，词源同self,swain,custom.引申词义个人的生活习惯，个人的说话方式，后抽象化为习语，习惯。
n.习语;成语方言;(艺术等的)风格,特色The student identified the identical idiom on the identity cards.学生辨认出了身份证上相同的成语.
noun
 IMPROVER countable
■a group of words in a fixed order that have a particular meaning that is different from the meanings of each word understood on its own 习语，成语，惯用语
• To "have bitten off more than you can chew" is an idiom that means you have tried to do something which is too difficult for you. have bitten off more than you can chew 是一句成语，意思是试图承担力所不及的事。
countable or uncountable formal
■the style of expression in writing, speech or music that is typical of a particular period, person or group （某一时期、个人或群体在写作、言语、音乐方面的）典型表达风格
• Both operas are very much in the modern idiom. 两部歌剧都很有现代风格。
speech, laguage, tongue, slang, dialect, idiom
这组词都有“语言”的意思，其区别是：
speech: 特指人的口语，也指正式的讲话。
laguage: 普通用词，含义广。指人的语言或文字，或动物的语言。既可指口头或书面语言，也可指手势语等。
tongue: 书面用词，指人的语言，亦指人的母语。
slang: 指俚语。
dialect: 指一种语言中，某一地方所特有的语言形式，即方言。
idiom: 指一种语言中一般由几个词结合成短语或句子的特殊表达方式，即惯用语、成语。也指方言。
n. 成语，习语；土话
 - phrase, dialect

Word: workman
Front: workman
[ˈwɜ:kmən] (四六 12739/7052 -1)
Back: n. 工人; 技工，工匠
分布：工人(65%)，工匠(26%)，技工(9%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable
■a man who uses physical skill and especially his hands in his job or trade 手艺人；工匠
• We'll have to get a workman in to fix the plumbing/window/roof. 我们要找一位工匠来修理管道／窗户／屋顶。
worker, labourer, workman
这组词都有“工人，劳动者”的意思，其区别是：
worker: 最常用词，泛指一切从事体力或脑力劳动以谋生的人。
labourer: 多指体力劳动者，尤指无专长或专门技能的工人。
workman: 指雇佣工作，尤指有特种技能的工人。
n. 工匠；技工；男工
 - artisan, craftsman

Word: colossal
Front: colossal
[kəˈlɒsl] (托雅宝 12711/13816 -1)
Vocabulary: colossal
(once / 1014 pages)
adj
Colossal describes something so large it makes you say, "Whoa!" You might have a colossal amount of homework, or see a colossal pyramid while vacationing in Egypt.
Colossal can refer to an item's physical size, like a giant redwood tree, but it can also be used to describe the force or scope of something — like the colossal force of a thunderstorm that knocked down the redwood tree, or the colossal scope of your school project on the history of the redwoods that seems like it will never, ever end. It comes from the Greek word kolossos, meaning "gigantic statue."
WORD FAMILY
colossal: colossally
USAGE EXAMPLES
These are the men who will soon occupy the highest civilian offices in America’s colossal national security state.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
How did a film with a classic Will Smith vehicle implode so colossally?
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
I’m more concerned conceptually with how to power such a colossal battle station and how to generate gravity for everyone on board.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 巨大的; <口语>异常的
分布：巨大的(100%)
→来自colossus, 巨型雕像。
【记】co共同，los＝lose丢，所有人都丢钱，那么数量一定是巨大的。
US [-'lɑ:.səl] adjective
■extremely large 巨大的，庞大的
• In the centre of the hall stood a colossal wooden statue, decorated in ivory and gold. 大厅中央矗立着一尊用象牙和黄金装饰的木质巨型雕像。
• They were asking a colossal amount of money for the house. 他们对这房子漫天要价。
tremendous, colossal, huge, gigantic, massive, vast, enormous, immense, giant
这组词都有“巨大的，庞大的”的意思，其区别是：
tremendous: 指某物很大，大得惊人；也可用作引申意义。
colossal: 侧重尺寸、规模和体积的无比巨大。
huge: 含义广，强调体积或容积的庞大。也可用于引申意义。
gigantic: 指面积或体积的巨大，但多用于引申意义。
massive: 指大的体积、数量和重量，侧重庞大而笨重。
vast: 多指空间、面积、范围的巨大，不涉及重量。
enormous: 指体积、数量或程度远远超过一般标准。
immense: 正式用词，侧重空间的广阔，也指面积或分量的巨大。
giant: 非正式用词，多为褒义。指如巨人般的庞大体积。
adj. 巨大的；异常的，非常的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro, intense

Word: conceptualization
Front: conceptualization
[kən'septjʊəlaɪ'zeɪʃən] (12703/26881)
Back: n. 化为概念，概念化
分布：概念化(100%)
VERB
构思;使形成概念
If you conceptualize something, you form an idea of it in your mind.
例：How we conceptualize things has a lot to do with what we feel...我们对事物的概念在很大程度上取决于我们的感觉。
例：Tiffany conceptualized herself as a mother, whose primary task was to feed her baby.蒂法尼把自己定位为一位母亲，主要任务是哺育孩子。

Word: vaginal
Front: vaginal
[və'dʒaɪnl] (12716/13197)
Back: adj. <解>阴道的; <植>叶鞘的
分布：阴道的(70%)，叶鞘的(30%)
ADJ
阴道的
Vaginal means relating to or involving the vagina.
例：The creams have been used to reduce vaginal infections.已使用这种乳膏来减少阴道感染。

Word: egalitarian
Front: egalitarian
[iˌgælɪˈteəriən] (宝 12715/12717)
Vocabulary: egalitarian
(once / 18212 pages)
adjn
An egalitarian is a person who believes in the equality of all people, and an egalitarian society gives everyone equal rights.
This is a word that means something close to equality and has to do with fairness. If you believe that everyone deserves a chance to vote, go to school, get good jobs, and participate in society, then you are an egalitarian. When laws make life fairer, the law is getting more egalitarian. The opposite of an egalitarian system could be a fascist society or dictatorship. Monarchies are not egalitarian. When you see this word, think about equality and freedom.
WORD FAMILY
egalitarian: egalitarianism, egalitarians+/egality: egalitarian
USAGE EXAMPLES
Alaoui shunned the traditions of ethnographic “exoticism,” instead favoring a more egalitarian, respectful approach.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Or we would need to adopt labor laws and norms of business behavior that would force markets to distribute incomes on a more egalitarian basis.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Because these are mass-market commodities, such material prosperity is a leveling, egalitarian force.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 主张平等的; 平等主义的
n. 平等主义; 平等主义者
分布：平等主义的(66%)，平等主义者(34%)
→egal-, 平等，词源同equal. 字母g,q音变。
【记】equal（adj 相等的）
【参】equalitarian（adj 平均主义的；n 平均主义者）可以认为与egalitarian是同义词
US [-'ter.i-] formal
adjective
■believing that all people are equally important and should have the same rights and opportunities in life 平等主义的；主张人人平等的
• an egalitarian society 奉行平等主义的社会
• The party's principles are basically egalitarian. 这个党的基本原则是人人平等。
UK [ɪˌgæl.ɪ'teə.ri.ən] US [-'ter.i-] formal
noun countable
■a person who has egalitarian beliefs 平等主义者
• Ford is no egalitarian. 福特可绝不是甚么平等主义者。
n. [经] 平等主义；平等主义者
 - equalitarianism, leveler

Word: loan
Front: loan
[ləʊn] (研四六托雅 1699/1468 -K4)
Vocabulary: loan
(once / 160 pages)
nv
If you want to buy a car but don't have money, you'll need a loan: a sum of money given temporarily that must be repaid, often with interest, or an added percentage on top the original sum.
You can loan money or objects. If you loan someone your car, make sure he's a good driver. You might loan your friend a sweatshirt if she's cold and doesn't have one. Expect to get both your car and your sweatshirt back. A word that is borrowed from another language is called a loanword, like the word karaoke, which is Japanese.
WORD FAMILY
loan: loaned, loaner, loaning, loans+/loaner: loaners/loaning: loanings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include shelter costs, transportation, groceries, utilities, insurance, minimum loan payments and child care.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A construction loan was turned over into long-term financing this week as the long-anticipated project moves closer to operations.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It also brings politics into decisions on who and what projects receive public loans.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 贷款; 借款; 借用
vt. 借，借给
vi. 借出
时态：loaned, loaning, loans
分布：贷款(76%)，借(20%)，借出(3%)，供应货款(1%)
→来自leikw,留下，留给，词源同delinquent,derelict,relinquish.后引申词义借给，贷款，并衍生单词lend.
n.贷款;出借,借出v.借出I asked the bank for a loan.我向银行贷了款.
US [loʊn] noun
SUM 数目
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a sum of money which is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back, usually together with an extra amount of money that you have to pay as a charge for borrowing 贷款，借款
• She's trying to get a $50 000 loan to start her own business. 为了开办自己的公司，她正在争取一笔五万美元的贷款。
• We could apply for/take out a loan to buy a car. 我们可以申请贷款去买汽车。
UK [ləʊn] US [loʊn] noun
BORROW 借
countable or uncountable
■an act of borrowing or lending something 借入；借出
• Thank you very much for the loan of your bike. 谢谢你把脚踏车借给我。
• This exhibit is on loan (= being borrowed/lent) from/to another museum. 这件展品是从另一家博物馆借来的／出借给了另一家博物馆。
UK [ləʊn] US [loʊn] verb
transitive
■to lend 借出；贷与
• This library loans books, CDs and videotapes. 这家图书馆可以外借图书、光碟和录影带。
• [+ two objects] I'd loan you the money if I could./I'd loan the money to you if I could. 我要是能借肯定会借给你这笔钱了。
loan, lend, borrow
这组词都有“借”的意思，其区别是：
loan: 指通过正式的手续，借数目较大的贷款。在美国也可指借出东西。
lend: 指将自己的东西借出给别人，也可用于借喻意义。
borrow: 指从某人或某处借来某物，也可用作比喻。
n. [金融] 贷款；借款
 - debt, credit, borrowing
vt. 借；借给
 - borrow, lend to

Word: insomnia
Front: insomnia
[ɪnˈsɒmniə] (托雅宝 12706/21022 -1)
Vocabulary: insomnia
(once / 5301 pages)
n
A person who has trouble falling or staying asleep is suffering from insomnia. If after a hot bath, a glass of warm milk, and hours of counting sheep, you still find yourself lying wide awake in bed, it's time to admit you have insomnia.
There's no cure for insomnia, but people with insomnia are advised to go to bed at the same time every night and to try to avoid stress. The noun insomnia was borrowed from Latin insomnis "sleepless," from the prefix in-, "not," plus somnus, "sleep." Somnus is actually related to Greek hypnos "sleep," the source of English words such as hypnosis and hypnotic.
WORD FAMILY
insomnia: insomniac, insomnias+/ insomniac: insomniacs
USAGE EXAMPLES
For people with insomnia—one third of the population—new recommendations this year called for managing it with cognitive behavioral therapy rather than medications.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Insomnia is also proved to cause a litany of problems, such as deadly motor vehicle accidents, heart disease and difficulty in concentrating.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Shakespeare wrote eloquently — and chillingly — about pre-Trump insomnia in “Macbeth.”
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. [医]失眠，失眠症
分布：失眠(79%)，失眠症(21%)
→in-,不，非，-somn,睡觉，词源同somnolent,somnambulist.即没法睡觉，引申词义失眠。
失眠症(in不+somn+ia病)[Somn=sleep,表示"睡眠"]
失眠症(in不+somn睡眠+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】in不，somn睡觉，ia病症－不睡的病－失眠症
【参】somniferous（adj 催眠的）；somnolent（adj 催眠的；想睡的）
US [-'sɑ:m-] noun uncountable
■when someone is unable to sleep, over a period of time 失眠（症）
• Holly suffered from insomnia for months after her daughter was born. 霍利在女儿出生后失眠了好几个月。
n. [内科] 失眠症，失眠
 - sleeplessness, agrypnia

Word: uterus
Front: uterus
[ˈju:tərəs] (12381/16940 -1)
Back: n. <解>子宫
分布：子宫(100%)
→来自拉丁语uterus,子宫，腹部，词源同ventriloquy.
US [-tˌɚ-] (plural uteri or uteruses) specialized
noun countable
■a womb 子宫
n. [解剖] 子宫
 - matrix, metra

Word: piercing
Front: piercing
[ˈpɪəsɪŋ] (宝 12744/14689 -1)
Back: adj. （指风、寒冷等）刺骨的; （眼睛或眼神）锐利的; 锋利的; 打动人心的
v. 刺入，穿透( pierce的现在分词)
分布：刺耳的(45%)，刺骨的(38%)，尖锐的(9%)，动词pierce的现在分词形式.(4%)，穿透的(4%)
→比喻用法。
US ['pɪr-] adjective
■going through or into something 穿透的
• Troops have been issued with new armour- piercing anti-tank grenades. 军队配备了新的反坦克穿甲枪榴弹。
• figurative We shivered in the piercing wind. 我们在刺骨的寒风中瑟缩发抖。
■describes a sound that is high, loud and unpleasant （声音）尖厉的，刺耳的
• piercing screams 刺耳的尖叫
a piercing criticism/question/remark, etc.
■a criticism/question/remark, etc. which is unpleasant or uncomfortable because it is strong or it makes you think about or discuss something which you would prefer not to 尖锐的批评／问题／评论等
• She hadn't really meant to lie, but their piercing questions had forced her to. 她本来不想说谎，但他们尖锐的问题使她不得不这样做。
piercing eyes/look/gaze/glance, etc.
■used to describe when a person looks very carefully at someone or something, especially when they are trying to discover something, often making people feel uncomfortable 敏锐的眼睛／洞悉一切的目光／逼人的注视／锐利的一瞥等
• Sherlock Holmes gave him a piercing glance. 歇洛克‧福尔摩斯敏锐地瞥了他一眼。
• figurative He looked straight at me with his piercing blue eyes. 他那咄咄逼人的蓝眼睛直视着我。
UK ['pɪə.sɪŋ] US ['pɪr-] noun countable or uncountable (also body _piercing)
■a hole made in the body for wearing jewellery, or the process of making such a hole 身上穿的洞；在身上穿洞
• He has several tattoos and multiple piercings. 他身上有几处纹身，还穿了几个洞。
adj. 刺穿的；敏锐的；尖刻的；打动人心的
 - acute, keen, bitter
v. 刺穿；感动；洞察（pierce的ing形式）
 - affecting, fathoming

Word: sheen
Front: sheen
[ʃi:n] (宝 12743/15025 -1)
Vocabulary: sheen
(once / 1641 pages)
n
A sheen is a quality of things that are shiny, usually with reflected light. Anything that shines has a sheen, like satin in candlelight or a beautiful head of hair.
Shakespeare loved using words in fresh new ways, and he did that with the adjective for sheen (for “beautiful, bright”) in "Hamlet." He used sheen as a noun, and it’s been that way ever since. A sheen is a luster that happens because of reflected light. A well-polished table has a sheen, as does a car that's just been washed. Shined shoes have a sheen. If it’s shiny and beautiful, it has a sheen.
WORD FAMILY
sheen: sheens, sheeny+/sheeny: sheenies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her robust voice with its country sheen was a force of nature.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The backlash was swift, with many people accusing Mr. Sheen of politicizing a tragedy for a cheap joke.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But Michael’s probing the perks and challenges of celebrity, its sheen and the ways in which it redefines life, was more than simple whining.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 光泽，光辉; 华服; 有光泽的纺织物
adj. 有光泽的; 光辉的; 华丽的
v. 闪耀; 发光
分布：光泽(54%)，光辉(24%)，光彩(22%)
→来自古英语 scene,明亮的，漂亮的，词源同 shine.后形容词作名词使用，引申词义光泽，光 彩等。
【记】有sheen的green的sheet。
[ʃi:n] approving
noun only singular
■a bright, smooth surface 光彩；光泽
• The conditioner gives the hair a beautiful soft sheen. 这种护发乳能使头发美丽、柔顺，富有光泽。
n. 光辉，光泽，光彩
 - flame, brilliance
adj. 光辉的；有光泽的；华丽的
 - magnificent, brave
vi. 闪耀；发光
 - shine on, light emission

Word: apparition
Front: apparition
[ˌæpəˈrɪʃn] (宝 12742/19404)
Vocabulary: apparition
(once / 864 pages)
n
If you see something you think might be a ghost, you can call it an apparition to hedge your bets. Apparition doesn't commit you in the same way the word ghost does—and saying that you've seen one won't cause you to be committed.
Deriving from the Latin apparere "appear," apparition was first used in 1520 in a religious context, referring to the moment when the three wise men appear before the infant Jesus in the Bible. Later, apparition came to include the appearance of ghosts, or ghostly figures. It can also mean a memory so vivid it's like seeing a ghost.
WORD FAMILY
apparition: apparitional, apparitions+/apparitional: apparitionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first apparition was May 13, but a midnight mass the previous day usually begins the annual celebrations.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“Well, the church has not verified the authenticity of the apparitions,” Papa said, staring thoughtfully at his plate.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
They turn to witness a triangular, mountain-like apparition of mother and infant inside a jagged crimson halo.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 特异景象; 幽灵; 鬼; （特异景象等的）出现
分布：幽灵(49%)，幻影(35%)，鬼(16%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. 词根par, 出现。原指主显节(Epiphany)圣子降临，后词义发生了变化。
幽灵(ap+par显现)[-iteon表名词"行为过程,状态"]
【记】1）appar（出现）+ition－出现的幽灵2）appar读：我怕，it，他－因为他是幽灵
【参】specter（n 幽灵）；wraith（n 鬼魂），这三个词的首字母是was。
noun countable
■the spirit of a dead person appearing in a form which can be seen 鬼，鬼魂，幽灵
n. 幽灵；幻影；鬼怪；离奇出现的东西
 - shadow, ghost

Word: serenity
Front: serenity
[sə'renətɪ] (托 12707/15145)
Vocabulary: serenity
(once / 1220 pages)
n
The goal of meditation is to reach a state of serenity, when your mind is still and perfectly calm. Use serenity to mean the quality or state of being calm and peaceful.
It is hard to believe that the ocean, whipped by winds during a storm, can ever return to a state of serenity, where its surface looks like glass. Serenity is from Latin serenus "calm, peaceful" plus the suffix -itas. The first part of the word is the English adjective serene, which means calm and peaceful. The Latin suffix corresponds to our English suffix -ity and has the meaning "quality or state."
WORD FAMILY
serenity: serenities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The organisation’s website says it promotes “goodwill, understanding, compassion and serenity”.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
After attempts to get Miller to surrender failed throughout the night, state police approached his Lake Serenity Road home at about 6 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
“I’m a big believer in the Serenity Prayer,” she said when asked about losing sleep since Nov. 8.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 安详; 宁静; 尊贵的阁下; 平静
分布：宁静(90%)，沉着(10%)
【记】源于：serene（adj 平静的），se死，ren人，e：死人的状态－平静。
【参】serenade（n 向某人表达敬意或爱意的赞美性小夜曲）
【反】havoc（n 大破坏；混乱）；furor（n 激怒；狂热）；Pandemonium（n 混战场；喧嚣）；tumult（n 吵闹；骚动）；Bedlam（n 混乱）；riot（n 暴乱；骚动）；Vociferous（adj 喊叫的）/tumultuous（adj 喧嚣的）－serene（adj 平静的）
ADJ-GRADED
平静的;宁静的;安详的
Someone or something that is serene is calm and quiet.
例：She looked as calm and serene as she always did...她看上去和以往一样平静安详。
例：He didn't speak much, he just smiled with that serene smile of his.他话不多,只是脸上露出他招牌式的淡定的微笑。
n. 平静，宁静；晴朗，风和日丽
 - equilibrium, tranquility

Word: whopping
Front: whopping
[ˈwɒpɪŋ] (12747/33972)
Back: adj. 巨大的，庞大的
adv. 非常地，异常地
v. 打( whop的现在分词 ); 抽出; 打败; 征服
分布：巨大的(51%)，非常地(18%)，非常大的(13%)，动词whop的现在分词.(9%)，异常的(9%)
US ['wɑ:.pɪŋ] (also whopping great) informal
adjective [before noun]
■extremely large 极大的
• She had a whopping great bruise on her arm. 她胳膊上有一大片瘀伤。
• a whopping 35% pay rise 35%的巨大工资涨幅
• a whopping lie 弥天大谎
adj. 巨大的；天大的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro
adv. 非常地；异常地
 - considerably, remarkably, finely, tremendously

Word: sneeze
Front: sneeze
[sni:z] (高研六 12750/15926 -1)
Back: n. 喷嚏; 喷嚏声
vi. 打喷嚏
时态：sneezed, sneezing, sneezes
分布：喷嚏(57%)，打喷嚏(43%)
→来自辅音丛 sn-,鼻子，闻，嗅，发鼻音，比较 sneer,snore,snicker,sniff,snuff.
vi.打喷嚏,发喷嚏声n.喷嚏When you have a cold, you sneeze a lot.感冒时,要打很多喷嚏.
verb intransitive
 IMPROVER
■When you sneeze, air and often small drops of liquid suddenly come out of your nose and mouth in a way you cannot control 打喷嚏
• Cats make him sneeze - I think he's allergic to the fur. 猫会使他打喷嚏——我想他对猫毛过敏。
[sni:z] verb intransitive
not to be sneezed at informal
■If you say that something, especially an amount of money, is not to be sneezed at, you mean that it is a large enough amount to be worth having （尤指某笔钱款）不可轻视，不是个小数目
• Well, a 5% pay increase means an extra £700 a year which is not to be sneezed at! 嗯，加薪5％意味着每年多出700英镑的收入，这可不是笔小数目啊！
[sni:z] noun countable
■an act or sound of sneezing 喷嚏
• He's got all the classic symptoms of a cold - the coughs and sneezes and the sore throat. 他具备感冒的所有典型症状——咳嗽、打喷嚏和喉咙痛。
vi. 打喷嚏
 - neeze
n. 喷嚏
 - sternutation

Word: acreage
Front: acreage
[ˈeɪkərɪdʒ] (12753/20656)
Back: n. 英亩数; （总称）（以英亩计的）土地面积; <美> 按英亩出售的土地
分布：英亩数(86%)，以英亩计算的土地面积(14%)
N-VAR
（一大片）耕地;（以英亩计的）土地面积
Acreage is a large area of farm land.
例：He has sown coffee on part of his acreage...他在自家的部分耕地里种上了咖啡。
例：Enormous acreages of soya beans are grown in the United States.美国种植着大片的大豆。
n. 面积， [测] 英亩数
 - area, proportion

Word: launcher
Front: launcher
[ˈlɔ:ntʃə(r)] (12690/17144)
Back: n. 发射器; 发射者; 运载火箭; （火箭、导弹等的）发射装置
分布：发射台(66%)，发射者(23%)，发射物(11%)
US ['lɑ:n.tʃɚ] noun countable
■a device that sends something such as a rocket or a missile into the air with force 发射器（用动力将火箭或导弹发射至空中的装置）
• a mobile rocket launcher 移动式火箭发射器
n. [航] 发射器；发射台；发射者
 - emitter region, launch pad

Word: combo
Front: combo
[ˈkɒmbəʊ] (12709/13542)
Back: n. 小型爵士乐队，小型伴舞乐队; <美口>套餐，如色拉、三明治、饮料等的组合食物
分布：小型爵士乐队(60%)，组合物(40%)
→来自combine, 组合。
US ['kɑ:m.boʊ] (plural combos) informal
noun
MUSICIANS 音乐家
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a small group of musicians who play dance and jazz music （演奏舞曲和爵士乐的）小型乐队
UK ['kɒm.bəʊ] US ['kɑ:m.boʊ] (plural combos) informal
noun
MIXTURE 混合物
countable
■a combination of different things 混合物；大杂烩
• That's a funny combo - pink and orange. 多么可笑的组合——粉红色和橙色。
• I'll have the burrito and taco combo, please. 请给我来份玉米煎饼和玉米卷杂烩。

Word: acrylic
Front: acrylic
[əˈkrɪlɪk] (12775/17159 -1)
Vocabulary: acrylic
(once / 44602 pages)
n
Acrylic is a kind of plastic, fabric, fiber, or paint that's made from acrylic acid. You might knit your mom an acrylic hat if she's allergic to wool.
Anything made of acrylic is synthetic — it's not a natural substance or fiber, but was made in a lab or factory from artificial materials. Acrylic paint is a quick-drying, water-soluble kind of paint that artists often use instead of oil paint or watercolors. The original meaning of acrylic was "containing acryl," from acrolein, the sharp, bitter liquid in onions, rooted in the Latin words acer, "sharp," and olere, "to smell."
WORD FAMILY
acrylic: acrylics
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the time the fashion was for stick-on acrylic nails which would be removed weeks later, leaving quite a bit of damage.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
He mixes oil with both enamel and acrylic to evoke a delicious range of textures.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Because the yarn needs to be washed, donations should be acrylic and not wool, Mumma said.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 丙烯酸塑料; <画>丙烯画; 丙烯酸树脂漆; 塑胶
adj. <化>丙烯酸的; <化>丙烯酸衍生物的
分布：丙烯酸树脂(52%)，腈纶(26%)，丙烯酸的(17%)，丙烯酸塑料(4%)，丙烯酸的纤维(1%)
→词根acer, 酸的。词根yl, 闻，嗅，同ol, 见olfactory, 嗅觉的，同odor,气味,字母d,l 对应。
adjective
■made of a substance or cloth produced by chemical processes from a type of acid 丙烯酸的，压克力制成的
• an acrylic scarf/sweater 丙烯酸（压克力）围巾／毛衣
• acrylic paint 丙烯酸（压克力）颜料
[ə'krɪl.ɪk] noun
uncountable
■a type of cloth or plastic produced by chemical processes 丙烯酸（压克力）纤维织物；丙烯酸（压克力）塑胶
countable usually plural
■a type of paint 丙烯酸（压克力）颜料

Word: six-year-old

Word: composure
Front: composure
[kəmˈpəʊʒə(r)] (托宝 12757/12402 -1)
Vocabulary: composure
(once / 814 pages)
n
When you stay calm under pressure, you keep your composure. Keeping your composure for a skinned knee? Easy. Keeping your composure during an avalanche? Not so easy.
The word composure is from the related word composed, but don't think of the word in the musical sense. In this case, composed means calm. What's the difference between the two? Well, composed is an adjective, so you simply are composed. Composure, on the other hand, is a noun, so you can lose, keep, regain, or maintain your composure — your ability to stay calm. If you lose your composure, you're freaking out.
WORD FAMILY
composure: composures+/ component: components/ compose: component, composed, composer, composes, composing, composition, compositor, composure, decompose, discompose/ composed: composedly / composer: composers/ composition: compositional, compositions/compositional: compositionally, decompositional/compositor: compositors/decomposable: undecomposable/ decompose: decomposable, decomposed, decomposes, decomposing, decomposition / decomposition: decompositions/discompose: discomposed, discomposes, discomposing, discomposure/discomposed: discomposedly/discomposure: discomposures
USAGE EXAMPLES
And even George Washington, so renowned for his composure, quivered during his address to the Senate after nervously improvising in his first inauguration.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But this was also a show of composure under pressure from Chelsea’s closest challengers at the top of the Premier League.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet they defied low expectations based on gender and race with composure.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 镇静，沉着; 头脑镇定或沉着的状态
分布：镇静(60%)，沉着(40%)
→来自compose, 组成，安置，使调和的。
镇静,沉着(com一起+pos+ure→[精神]放到一起→镇静)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
镇定,沉着(com共同+pos放...精神放到一起)[-ture表名词,通常在单词或词根以t结尾时使用,表示"一般状态,行为"…ature","iture"注:-ture在s结尾的词根后变成-sure]
US [-'poʊ.ʒɚ] noun uncountable
■calmness and control 镇静，沉着，泰然自若
• I didn't want to lose my composure in front of her. 我不想在她面前失态。
n. 镇静；沉着
 - sedation, calmness

Word: purposeful
Front: purposeful
[ˈpɜ:pəsfl] (12767/11688 -1)
Vocabulary: purposeful
(once / 5119 pages)
adj
Something purposeful is done on purpose: it's meant to achieve an aim.
Lots of things happen accidentally or randomly, but other things have a purpose. Such things can be called purposeful. Going to college, starting a family, giving to a charity, and adopting a dog are all purposeful acts. People have a reason for doing them, and they want to accomplish something specific. Purposeful things are thought-out and intentional.
WORD FAMILY
purposeful: purposefully, purposefulness+/ purpose: multipurpose, purposed, purposeful, purposeless, purposes, purposing/purposeless: purposelessly, purposelessness/purposelessness: purposelessnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s also a purposeful splurge, like the Dinesen Douglas fir floor on which it sits.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“The convenience of it all is obviously purposeful,” said Brad Walker, head of the D-League basketball operations.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Doing unsolvable puzzles per the order of a social scientist in a lab coat isn’t fun, nor is it purposeful.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有目的的，故意的; 意志坚强的，果断的; 有意义的，意味深长的; 重大的
adv. 果断地，有明确目标地
分布：有目的的(65%)，有决心的(18%)，有意义的(13%)，果断的(4%)
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■showing that you know what you want to do 有明确目标的，有清晰目的的；坚决的
• He has a quiet, purposeful air. 他镇定而又坚决。
adj. 有目的的；有决心的
 - telic, goal-directed

Word: arsenic
Front: arsenic
[ˈɑ:snɪk] (12756/20649)
Vocabulary: arsenic
(once / 2482 pages)
n
Arsenic is a chemical element that's quite poisonous to humans and other animals. Arsenic was once commonly used in rat poison and insecticides.
While arsenic is a naturally occurring element, it's often thought of as a poison used in mystery novels to murder people. Several kinds of agricultural bug killers once contained arsenic, but historically people have been more likely to suffer arsenic poisoning from natural leaching into water sources, like wells, or as a side effect of mining. Arsenic has a Greek root, arsenikon, from the Middle Persian zarnik, "gold colored."
WORD FAMILY
arsenic: arsenical, arsenious+/arsenical: arsenically, arsenicals
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state Division of Waste Management tested the soil in August and found dangerous levels of arsenic near homes, playgrounds and a pool.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It contains arsenic, selenium, mercury and other pollutants.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The wastewater carried arsenic, lead, metal and other heavy metals and polluted rivers in Colorado, New Mexico and Utah.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 砷; 三氧化二砷，砒霜
adj. 砷的，含砷（主要指五价砷）的
分布：砷(82%)，砷的(12%)，砒霜(5%)，含砷的(1%)
→词源略。可能受词根ard的影响，因砷可燃。
US ['ɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■a very poisonous element, often used to kill rats and able to kill people 砷，砒霜
n. [化学] 砷；砒霜；三氧化二砷
 - arsonium

Word: equator
Front: equator
[ɪˈkweɪtə(r)] (研六托雅宝 12760/15702 -1)
Vocabulary: equator
(once / 956 pages)
n
An equator is a circle that divides the surface of an object into two equal halves. If you're freezing up there in Iceland, get yourself on down closer to the earth's equator, where it's nice and warm.
An equator is an invisible line that divides a globe into two parts, north and south. To remember equator, recall the root "equa" from the Latin word aequus, meaning "equal." An equator makes things "equal." If you drew a line that divided a globe into two parts that were not equal, the line couldn't be called an equator. If you live at the North Pole and you're buddy lives at the South, meet halfway, somewhere along the equator—perhaps in Brazil, for Carnaval.
WORD FAMILY
equator: equatorial, equators+/coequal: coequally/ equable: equablest, equably/ equal: coequal, equaled, equaling, equalise, equality, equalize, equalled, equalling, equally, equals, equate, unequal/equaled: unequaled/equalisation: equalisations/equalise: equalisation, equalised, equaliser, equalises, equalising/equalised: unequalised/equalitarian: equalitarianism/ equality: equalitarian, equalities, inequality /equalization: equalizations/equalize: equalization, equalized, equalizer, equalizes, equalizing/equalized: unequalized/equalizer: equalizers/equalled: unequalled/ equate: equable, equatability, equated, equates, equating, equation, equator / equation: equations/equatorial: equatorially, equatorials/ inequality: inequalities/unequal: unequally
USAGE EXAMPLES
After several hours of endless turquoise ocean, reef islands suddenly materialise just north of the equator.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
This causes the sun to appear at its farthest below the celestial equator when viewed from Earth.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Your view of how that decision went depended on what side of the equator you are on.
BBC(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 赤道; （平分球形物体的面的）圆; （任何）大圆
分布：赤道(100%)
→来自equal, 平等的。用做地理名词。
赤道(equate+or→使[地球]平分→赤道)[equ,equi=equal,even,表示"相等,平均"]
n.赤道equal, equator, equation, equivalent, quiver相等的赤道方程式均等颤动.
US [-tˌɚ] noun only singular
■an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the Earth an equal distance from the North Pole and the South Pole 赤道
• Singapore is/lies on the Equator. 新加坡位于赤道之上。
n. [天] [地理] 赤道
 - equinoctial

Word: unethical
Front: unethical
[ʌnˈeθɪkl] (12724/20466)
Vocabulary: unethical
(once / 12989 pages)
adj
Eating the last cookie without sharing? That's just mean. But if you stole that cookie and then lied about it, that would be morally wrong, or unethical.
The prefix un- means "not," so something or someone who's unethical is literally "not ethical." In other words, that someone is lacking principles or morals. Because being unethical involves going against social or professional expectations of what's right, it's a word that's often used to describe bad behavior or immoral conduct. So like the great philosophers, you can decide if Cookie Monster has an ethics problem — or just bad eating habits.
WORD FAMILY
unethical: unethically+/ ethic: ethics / ethical: ethically, unethical /ethicism: ethicist/ethicist: ethicists/ ethics: ethical, ethicism
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It's an illegal, unethical and immoral view of the world," he says.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The study was so successful that it was stopped early, since not providing rVSV-Zebov to the delayed control arm was unethical.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Olympus’ silence on this important issue was unethical, irresponsible and dangerous.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不道德的
分布：不道德的(90%)，缺乏职业道德的(10%)
adjective
■not ethical (= based on moral beliefs) 不道德的，不合乎道德标准的
adj. 不道德的；缺乏职业道德的
 - immoral, wicked

Word: shopkeeper
Front: shopkeeper
[ˈʃɒpki:pə(r)] (高研四六 12729/8491 -1)
Back: n. 店主，老板
分布：店主(98%)，零售商人(2%)
n.店主The chop shopkeeper let the blood drip to the crops.排骨店老板让血滴到庄稼上.
US ['ʃɑ:pˌki:.pɚ] (US usually storekeeper)
noun countable
■a person who owns and manages a small shop 店主
n. 店主，老板
 - boss, employer

Word: in-law
Front: in-law
['ɪnlɔ:] None
Vocabulary: in-law
(once / 11714 pages)
n
An in-law is someone who is a relative because of marriage, like your husband's sister or your wife's father. You can refer to your spouse's entire family as your in-laws.
In some countries, a married woman moves in with her in-laws, symbolically becoming part of their family. In the U.S. some families live with extended family members — a man may live with his wife, kids, and his mother- and father-in-law — but more often each individual nuclear family lives separately. In-law originally meant "anyone of a relationship not natural" or "not by blood."
WORD FAMILY
in-law: in-laws
USAGE EXAMPLES
Though his Dutch wife and in-laws find it difficult to pronounce the name, its meaning is all that matters to them.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Driscoll said he spoke to her in-laws Tuesday, and they told him there was a good chance she wouldn’t lose her toes to the frostbite.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The two bring their children to her in-laws each Christmas to eat, open presents and just be together.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 姻亲; 内亲
分布：姻亲(100%)
n. 姻亲
 - kinsmen by affinity, affine

Word: dramatize
Front: dramatize
[ˈdræmətaɪz] (研托 12771/24925 -1)
Vocabulary: dramatize
(once / 3073 pages)
1v 2v
To dramatize something is to put it in dramatic form (like a TV show or movie) or make it seem more dramatic, using exaggeration.
Anytime you see a movie or TV show about real events, the actors are dramatizing what really happened. If you slipped on the sidewalk and hurt your knee a little but later made it sound like the most tragic event in the history of humanity, you're guilty of dramatizing what happened. To dramatize in that way is to exaggerate and embellish — it's something that we all do occasionally.
WORD FAMILY
dramatize: dramatization, dramatized, dramatizes, dramatizing, overdramatize+/ drama: dramas, dramatic, dramatise, dramatist, dramatize / dramatic: dramatically, undramatic/dramatisation: dramatisations/dramatise: dramatisation, dramatised, dramatises, dramatising, overdramatise/ dramatist: dramatists/ dramatization: dramatizations/overdramatize: overdramatized, overdramatizes, overdramatizing/undramatic: undramatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Except there’s no need to dramatize, nor any need to set the story in the past.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The thriller “Patriots Day” dramatizes the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Barry is the second movie this year to dramatize some angle of the president’s life.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 改编成剧本; 把…戏剧化
vi. 戏剧化
时态：dramatized, dramatizing, dramatizes
分布：戏剧化(62%)，夸张(23%)，渲染(15%)
(UK usually dramatise) ['dræm.ə.taɪz] verb transitive
THEATRE 戏剧的
■When writers dramatize books, stories, poems, etc., they write them again in a form which can be performed. 使戏剧化；将…改编成剧本
(UK usually dramatise) ['dræm.ə.taɪz] verb transitive
MAKE EXCITING 使兴奋 disapproving
■If someone dramatizes a report of what has happened to them, they make the story seem more exciting, important or dangerous than it really is. 夸大，夸张
vt. 使戏剧化；编写剧本；改编成戏剧
 - theatricalize

Word: analyse
Front: analyse
[ˈænəlaɪz] (研四六 12788/2142 -K2)
Vocabulary: analyse
(once / 2086 pages)
1v 2v
To analyse (analyze is U.S. English) something is to consider it in detail so you can figure out its workings or meaning.
Analyse comes from Greek roots meaning "loosen." If you analyse something, it's as if you're untying it and letting the different parts separate so that you can study them. If you've got some mystery substance, you can analyse it by performing chemical reactions to break it into its parts. If you analyse a poem, you look at it word-by-word and even sound-by-sound. But remember that analyse is a British spelling, with analyze as the American version.
WORD FAMILY
analyse: analysed, analyser, analysing+/analyser: analysers
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than 300 articles published in UK national newspapers were analysed.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Royal Marsden Hospital doctors analysed patient samples and case notes, which were preserved at the museum named after him - the Hunterian in London.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Stalin 'used secret laboratory to analyse Mao's excrement'
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 分析; 分解; 细察
na. “analyze”的变体
时态：analysed, analysing, analyses
分布：分析(98%)，细察(2%)
→前缀ana-, 向上，向后。词根lys, 松开，同lose, loose. 即松开进行分析。
vt.(analyze)分析,分解The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.教练努力设法分析我们失败的原因.
UK (ALSO US analyze) ['æn.əl.aɪz] verb transitive
 IMPROVER
■to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it 分析
• Researchers analysed the purchases of 6300 households. 研究人员对6300个家庭的购物消费作了分析。
• Water samples taken from streams were analysed for contamination by chemicals. 对水质样本进行分析，来测定溪流是否已受到化学品的污染。
vt. 分析；分解；细察
 - study, break down

Word: compliment
Front: compliment
[ˈkɒmplɪmənt] (研六托雅宝 7568/6865 -2)
Vocabulary: compliment
(once / 217 pages)
nv
A compliment is an expression of respect or admiration, like, "You're such a good writer," or "You know so many words!" Keep them coming.
Compliments are always welcome, because they usually make people feel good. It’s saying something nice about someone or something. If you get mysterious flowers, look at the card – perhaps it will say “compliments of your upstairs neighbors,” as an apology for playing their music too loud all night. Or if you say, “my compliments to the chef!” you really liked your meal.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
complement / compliment
Both are awesome on a first date — complement means to complete something, and a compliment is flattering. If you feel you and your new friend complement each other, maybe it's because he's been giving you so many compliments like when he says you look like a supermodel.
To complement, with an e, means to complete or supplement something, such as chocolates complementing the flowers you give your date. A complement is the thing doing the completing. The chocolates are a complement to the flowers. Here are some things that go well together:
Even as teenagers, they finished each other's sentences, complementing and encouraging the other. (Golf Digest)
In Ms. Clinton's case, IAC said her "skills and background complement the existing areas of expertise of other board members." (New York Times)
GM mosquito technology must be evaluated as a complement to existing control measures. (Scientific American)
To compliment, with an i, is to offer praise to or admiration. This could be in the form of words or actions. You might compliment your date on his dance moves, for example. "Your moonwalk is perfect!" is a compliment. Here are more:
"I lived on people's compliments, kind words," she says. (Washington Post)
Biggest compliment: After Rob completed his waltz, Judge Len Goodman announced, "You've got the best footwork of any guy I've seen on this show ever." (Time)
Once spelled the same, compliment became distinct from complement around 1650. They're still pronounced the same. You see the difference when they're written, so as long as you're just yapping no one will know if you mix them up. When writing, though, remember that a complement completes something, but I like getting compliments.
WORD FAMILY
compliment: complimentary, complimented, complimenting, compliments+/ complimentary: complimentarily, uncomplimentary/uncomplimentary: uncomplimentarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
At a recent celebration, friends used one cake to congratulate Bill Word on his retirement and compliment Matt Word on his new job.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The next day, Fisher said he was simply “complimenting” Rams players.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“I’m just looking for new ways to compliment him,” McCarthy said.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 恭维; 敬意; 道贺，贺词; 致意
vt. 向…道贺; 称赞; 向…致意
时态：complimented, complimenting, compliments
分布：恭维(67%)，称赞(33%)
→词源同complement, 补足，完成。原义指完成礼仪，表达尊重，多用于客套性的用语。词义与complement产生了完全的差别。
赞扬,恭维(com全部+pli+ment→[让人]+分满足→恭维[别人])[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
n.(pl.)问候,致意n./v.称赞,恭维Comply with the compatible rule of complement when using compliments.使用问候语时遵守补语的相容规则.
【参】complement（v /n 补充）；implement（n 工具；v 实施）
US ['kɑ:m-] noun
countable
■a remark that expresses approval, admiration or respect 恭维（话）；赞扬（话）；奉承（话）
• She complained that her husband never paid her any compliments any more. 她抱怨说丈夫再也不赞美她了。
• I take it as a compliment (= I am pleased) when people say I look like my mother. 当人们说我长得像我母亲的时候，我觉得很高兴。
• Are you fishing for (= trying to get) compliments? 你在沽名钓誉吗？
only singular
■an action which expresses approval or respect 赞扬；致敬；致意
• You should take it as a compliment when I fall asleep in your company - it means I'm relaxed. 我在你面前睡着了你应该感到荣幸——这意味着我很放心。
• Thank you so much for your help - I hope one day I'll be able to return/repay the compliment (= do something good for you). 谢谢你的帮忙——我希望有朝一日能报答你。
My compliments... formal
■an expression of your admiration or respect （向）…致意（或致敬）
• That was an excellent meal! My compliments to the chef. 这顿饭真是太好吃了！请代我向厨师致意。
with your compliments formal
■If you give something to someone with your compliments, you give it to them free 免费赠送地
• We enclose a copy of our latest brochure, with our compliments. 我们免费附赠一本最新的小册子。
UK ['kɒm.plɪ.mənt] US ['kɑ:m-] verb transitive
■to praise or express admiration for someone 夸奖；赞扬；赞赏；恭维
• I was just complimenting Robert on his wonderful food. 我刚才在夸罗伯特做的饭菜很棒。
• I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation. 我必须表扬你对困难局面的处理。
praise, applaud, commend, compliment
这些动词均有“赞扬、表扬、称赞”之意。
praise: 普通用词，指用语言或其它方式表示夸奖、赞扬。
applaud: 指出色的表演或高尚的行为等得到同声赞许、大声叫好或热烈鼓掌。
commend: 正式用词，指对具体功绩或成就等表示称赞或嘉奖。
compliment: 侧重客气和礼貌，有时含恭维之意。
complement, compliment, supplement
complement: 补充，补足，把有缺陷的两个东西结合成一个整体
compliment: 赞美，恭维
supplement: 增补，追加，使完整物体进一步完善
n. 恭维；称赞；问候；致意；道贺
 - praise, regard
vt. 恭维；称赞
 - speak well of, pay a tribute to

Word: fiasco
Front: fiasco
[fiˈæskəʊ] (宝 12481/11884 -1)
Vocabulary: fiasco
(once / 4628 pages)
n
A fiasco is a disaster. It's not a natural disaster — like an earthquake or a volcano; a fiasco is usually the result of human failure.
Fiasco comes from the Italian term that means "to make a bottle." How it came to describe an utter, embarrassing, disaster in the English language is still unknown. Today, you'll hear fiasco used in situations that have gone so horribly awry that they are almost laughable, like the Thanksgiving dinner fiasco in which the turkey burnt to a crisp, the dog ate all the side dishes, and everyone had to eat frozen pizza instead.
WORD FAMILY
fiasco: fiascoes, fiascos
USAGE EXAMPLES
So the truly startling thing about Ms. Carey’s New Year’s Eve fiasco is that she planned to perform “Emotions” at all.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The fiasco cost the county recorder her job and led to lawsuits.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
His friends lingered in the courtyard, laughing about the fiasco.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 彻底失败，惨败
分布：惨败(100%)
→来自flask的意大利语拼写形式，瓶子，酒瓶。引申词义惨败，可能来自一种游戏，由输者支付酒钱，因而得名。
大惨败(意大利词,原意为易碎的瓶子)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【源】法国人以前用来指18世纪法国舞台上意大利演员们所犯的语言错误，后引申为大失败。Fi飞，asco＝disco：飞起来跳Disco，就算不摔死，也得算是个大失败！你画的fresco（n 壁画）太烂了，是个fiasco！
【反】a notable success（一个显著的成功）
US [-koʊ] (plural fiascos or mainly US fiascoes) mainly US
noun countable
■something planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way 完全失败；尴尬的结局
• The show was a fiasco - the lights wouldn't work, one actor forgot his lines and another fell off the stage. 演出彻底搞砸了，灯光不亮，一个演员忘了台词，另一个跌下了舞台。
n. 惨败
 - catastrophe, smashup

Word: lastly
Front: lastly
[ˈlɑ:stli] (12764/9713 -1)
Back: adv. 最后，终于
分布：最后(72%)，终于(28%)
US ['læst-] (also last)
adverb
■used to show when something comes after all the other things in a list 最后，最后一点
• In accepting this award, I would like to thank the producer, the director, the scriptwriter and, lastly, the film crew. 获得这个奖项，我要感谢制片人、导演、编剧，还有摄制组全体成员。
in the end, at last, finally, at length, lastly, eventually
这组词都有“最后，终于”的意思，其区别是：
in the end: 与at last同义，但in the end不仅可指“过去”还可表示对“未来”的预计。
at last: 多指经主观努力，克服各种困难后才终于达到目的。
finally: 常与at last换用，都可用于对往事的描述，但finally不带感情色彩，指一系列事情的最后结局。
at length: 强调经历一段长时间后终于完成，侧重在时间部分。
lastly: 指连续顺序的最后，通常用在列举事情的场合。
eventually: 侧重于动作或行为的结果。
adv. 最后，终于
 - eventually, finally, ultimately

Word: assailant
Front: assailant
[əˈseɪlənt] (12730/15263 -1)
Vocabulary: assailant
(once / 859 pages)
n
A wife who sends a vase sailing at her husband's head might be considered an assailant, or attacker. Or, they might be playing a game of dodgeball with the furniture.
Assailant comes from the Latin ad- meaning "at" and salire meaning "to leap." Leap at someone and you're an assailant — someone who attacks. You'll usually hear this word when lawyers or police are talking about attacks, because most people use its synonym attacker in casual conversation. Have you ever been attacked by ants, looking down to see your foot covered in them? Think of the word ant when you spell the word assailant to remember its ending.
WORD FAMILY
assailant: assailants+/ assail: assailable, assailant, assailed, assailing, assails, reassail/assailable: assailability, assailably, unassailable /reassail: reassailed/ unassailable: unassailablest, unassailably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say one of the assailants punched the 51-year-old Trotwood man when he handed over his phone, causing him to fall to the ground.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police said the alleged assailant appears to be between 16 and 20 years old.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
State Department on Sunday warned U.S. citizens in Istanbul to limit movements “to an absolute minimum” while the search for the assailant continues.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 攻击者
adj. 攻击的
分布：攻击者(100%)
[ə'seɪ.lənt] formal
noun countable
■a person who attacks another person 攻击者
• Can you describe your assailant? 你能描述一下袭击你的人吗？
n. 攻击者
 - attacker, setter-on
adj. 袭击的；攻击的
 - offensive, agressire

Word: mating
Front: mating
[ˈmeɪtɪŋ] (12777/16269)
Back: n. 交配
分布：交配(99%)，动词mate的现在分词.(1%)
→来自mate,交配，-ing,动名词后缀。
N-COUNT
伙伴，朋友(尤指男性之间)
You can refer to someone's friends as their mates, especially when you are talking about a man and his male friends.
例：He's off drinking with his mates...他跟哥儿们出去喝酒了。
例：A mate of mine used to play soccer for Liverpool.我的一个朋友在利物浦队踢过球。
N-VOC
(用于男性之间的称呼)老兄，老弟
Some men use mate as a way of addressing other men when they are talking to them.
例：Come on mate, things aren't that bad.别灰心，兄弟，事情没那么糟。
N-COUNT
配偶;性伙伴
Someone's wife, husband, or sexual partner can be referred to as their mate .
例：He has found his ideal mate.他找到了理想的伴侣。
例：...as women do become as powerful in the marketplace as their mates.随着女人在商界的确变得和男人一样强大
N-COUNT
(动物的)配偶，交配对象
An animal's mate is its sexual partner.
例：The males guard their mates zealously.雄性动物死死地守护着他们的配偶。
V-RECIP
交配;交尾
When animals mate, a male and a female have sex in order to produce young.
例：This allows the pair to mate properly and stops the hen staying in the nest-box...这样可以使这对公鸡和母鸡正常交配，让母鸡不再呆在鸡窝里。
例：They want the males to mate with wild females...他们希望这些雄性动物可以和野生的雌性动物交配。
N-COUNT
(商船上的)大副；（亦指）船员
On a commercial ship, the mate or the first mate is the most important officer except for the captain. Officers of lower rank are also called mates .
例：...the mate of a fishing trawler.拖网渔船上的大副
N-COUNT
(美国海军的)军士
In the United States Navy, a mate is a petty officer who has a particular set of skills and who assists a warrant officer.
N-UNCOUNT
(象棋中) 同 checkmate
In chess, mate is the same as checkmate .
n. （动物等的） [生物] 交配，交尾；配套；（植物等的）杂交
 - crossing, copulation

Word: compulsory
Front: compulsory
[kəmˈpʌlsəri] (高研六托雅宝 12735/3997 -2)
Vocabulary: compulsory
(once / 931 pages)
adj
When something is compulsory, it is required or must be done. In most states, it's compulsory for kids to attend school (or an equivalent homeschool) from age six to seventeen.
This adjective is from Medieval Latin compulsorius "using force," from Latin compulsus, from compellere "to force." The Latin suffix –orius corresponds to English -ory "containing or involving." Other English words descended from the same Latin verb are compel and compulsive.
WORD FAMILY
compulsory: compulsorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nonetheless, in those days of compulsory patriotic flag-waving the media showed no inclination to be even slightly skeptical, and the result was catastrophic.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Chess is compulsory in schools; grandmasters are salaried and top players get the same adulation as pop stars.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
It isn’t compulsory to earn more money, achieve more goals, realise our potential on every dimension, or fit more in.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 必须做的，强制性的; 义务的; 必修的
分布：强制的(46%)，义务的(42%)，势在必行的(12%)
强制性的(com+puls+ory)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
强制性的(com共同＋puls推)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
a.必须做的,强制性的,(课程)必修的The limping shrimp impulsively implemented the compulsory duty.跛行的虾冲动实现强制的职责.
US [-sɚ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law 必须做的；强制性的；必修的
• Swimming was compulsory at my school. 在我们学校，游泳是必修课。
• Wearing seat belts in cars is compulsory by law. 坐车系安全带是法律强制规定的。
adj. 义务的；必修的；被强制的
 - required, obligatory
n. （花样滑冰、竞技体操等的）规定动作
 - required routine

Word: permissible
Front: permissible
[pəˈmɪsəbl] (六托雅 12774/9972 -1)
Vocabulary: permissible
(once / 2939 pages)
adj
If something is permissible, then it is allowed. If it's not permissible then you probably shouldn't be doing it.
If someone asked you, "Is it permissible for me to have a cupcake?" they're asking very formally for your permission to dig in. Usually the word permissible has to do with laws, rules, and what's generally acceptable. It's not permissible to take your pants off in public, for example. Wearing a hat inside is permissible according to the law, but it's not permissible according to church customs or your grandma's rules.
WORD FAMILY
permissible: impermissible, permissibility, permissibly+/ impermissible: impermissibility, impermissibly/ permission: permissions/ permissive: permissively, permissiveness, unpermissive/ permit: permissible, permission, permissive, permiting, permits, permitted, permitting/unpermissive: unpermissively, unpermissiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment is never a morally permissible option, even if lives depend on gaining information,” the manual said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The rice contained bacteria "above permissible limits", a senior Nafdac official said.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Through the new law, the government wants to narrow permissible activities of foreign groups and monitor their work much more thoroughly.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 可允许的; 许可的; 不碍事的; 得到准许的
分布：可允许的(69%)，容许的(31%)
→来自permit,许可，-ss,过去分词格。
US [pɚ-] formal
adjective
■allowed 允许的，许可的，准许的
• [+ to infinitive] Is it permissible to park my car here? 我能把车停在这里吗？
• a permissible level for vehicle exhaust emissions 汽车废气排放标准

Word: mutant
Front: mutant
[ˈmju:tənt] (12780/7413 -1)
Vocabulary: mutant
(once / 13728 pages)
nadj
When an animal's genes change, or mutate, the new form of the animal that results is a mutant. One example of such a mutant is a blue lobster. Another is the teenage mutant ninja turtle.
You can use the scientific term mutant for any plant or animal that's the result of a change, or mutation, in the DNA of that organism. When the word is used as an adjective, it describes something having to do with this kind of mutation, like a mutant chromosome or a mutant lobster. Mutant stems from the Latin mutantem, which means "changing."
WORD FAMILY
mutant: mutants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others posted their own social media photos, including showing Lawrence posing with a child dressed as a character from Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In addition, switching on the stem cell genes boosted the mutant mice’s life spans by more than one-third, the researchers report online today in Cell.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
Homozygous tbx4-null mutants entirely lack pelvic fins without showing any other gross morphological defects.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 突变体; 突变异种; 变种生物; 突变
adj. 突变的; 变异的; 变异所引起的; 经过突变的
分布：突变异种(100%)
→来自mutate,变异，突变。
US [-tˌənt] noun countable
■an organism that is different from others of its type because of a permanent change in its genes 突变体
• These mutants lack a vital protein which gives them immunity to the disease. 这些突变体缺乏一种可以抵抗这种疾病的重要蛋白质。
• This mutant gene is thought to cause cancer. 人们认为这种突变基因会致癌。
• figurative humorous I'm convinced he's a mutant - he's not a bit like the rest of our family! 我觉得他真是个异类——他一点也不像我们家的其他人！
■disapproving
■an unpleasant and frightening thing 令人讨厌的事物，可怕的事物
• The result of these experiments will be a nightmarish world filled with two-headed monsters and other mutants. 这些实验的结果将是一个噩梦般的世界，到处是双头怪和其他可怕的异形。
adj. [遗] 突变的
 - saltatory

Word: twinkle
Front: twinkle
[ˈtwɪŋkl] (研四六雅 12769/12893 -1)
Back: vi. 闪烁; （眼睛）闪亮; 经光照耀而)闪闪发光; （舞蹈者的双脚）轻快地移动
vt. 闪闪发出; 使闪烁; 使闪亮; 使轻快地移动
n. 闪光; 瞬间，一刹那; （眼睛的）闪亮; （脚的）轻快移动
时态：twinkled, twinkling, twinkles
分布：闪烁(55%)，闪耀(22%)，眨眼(11%)，使闪耀(6%)，轻快移动(4%)，瞬息(2%)
→来自 twink,闪烁，闪耀，-le,表反复。
vi.(星等)闪烁,(眼情)发亮n.闪烁,闪光The stars twinkled in the sky.繁星在天空闪烁.
verb intransitive
■(of light or a shiny surface) to shine repeatedly strongly then weakly, as if flashing on and off very quickly 闪烁，闪耀
• The lights of the town twinkled in the distance. 城镇的灯火在远处闪烁。
• The stars twinkled in the clear sky. 星星在晴朗的夜空中闪烁。
• His brown eyes twinkled behind the gold-rimmed glasses. 他棕色的眼睛在金框眼镜后面闪闪发光。
['twɪŋ.kl] noun only singular
■when something twinkles 闪烁，闪耀
• the twinkle of the stars/lights/diamonds 星星的闪烁／灯火的闪耀／钻石的闪亮
• He was holding the phone with a mischievous twinkle in his eye (= expression of amusement). 他手持电话，眼里闪着一丝狡黠的目光。
['twɪŋ.kl] noun only singular
when sb was a (mere) twinkle in their father's eye humorous
■at a time before someone was born 在（某人）还未出世的时候
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vi. 闪烁；发亮
 - lamp, spark
vt. 使闪耀；闪耀
 - flare, shine on
n. 闪烁
 - scintillation, lambency

Word: appalled
Front: appalled
[əˈpɔ:ld] (12734/8691)
Vocabulary: appalled
(once / 1620 pages)
adj
Appalled is an adjective that describes feeling shocked and disappointed. Being appalled happens suddenly, like when you find out your little sister has been blogging about your family, telling embarrassing stories.
Appalled comes from the Latin word pallescere, meaning "to grow pale" — the kind of shock that drains the color from your face. When you are appalled, you don't just disapprove of what you are seeing; you are emotionally disturbed by it, like being appalled by the wasted food at a cafeteria or restaurant or the rudeness of someone who lets the door slam in your face.
WORD FAMILY
appall: appalled, appalling, appalls+/ appalling: appallingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The bestselling children’s author was appalled to be considered a potential children’s laureate some years ago.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
By contrast, a former adviser to the European Commission, Graham Bishop, says he was "appalled and horrified" by the result, but says he wasn't surprised.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. <美>使惊骇，使充满恐惧( appall的过去式和过去分词)
adj. 惊骇的; 丧胆的
分布：使 ... 惊骇(50%)，使 ... 胆寒(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
震惊的;惊恐的;感到厌恶的
If you are appalled by something, you are shocked or disgusted because it is so bad or unpleasant.
例：She said that the Americans are appalled at the statements made at the conference...她说美国人对会上所作的陈述感到震惊。
例：We are all, of course, appalled that such items are still on sale in the shops.我们当然对这些物品竟然还在商店里出售表示震惊。
adj. 惊骇的；丧胆的
 - aghast, horrified

Word: disregard
Front: disregard
[ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑ:d] (研六托雅宝 9174/7532 -1)
Vocabulary: disregard
(once / 473 pages)
nv
If everyone at the city council meeting tends to disregard anything that's said by the eccentric gentleman with the parrot on his shoulder, it means that no one pays any attention to him.
To disregard something is to ignore it, or to deliberately pay it no attention. Sometimes the word is used to mean "neglect," implying that something important is not being taken care of. Disregard can also be a noun; you could complain that your family has a complete disregard for your privacy when they gather outside your bedroom door to eavesdrop on your telephone conversations.
WORD FAMILY
disregard: disregarded, disregarding, disregards+/ regard: disregard, regarded, regardful, regarding, regardless, regards, self-regard/regardful: regardfully/ regardless: disregardless, irregardless, regardlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and downtrodden black people in the United States.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and down trodden black people in the United States.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Spencer: When society disregards the contributions of any people, it reflects badly.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 不顾; 不理会; 漠视，忽视; 蔑视，轻视
n. 漠视，忽视; 不理，不顾; 不尊重
时态：disregarded, disregarding, disregards
分布：不顾(35%)，忽视(29%)，漠视(24%)，不理会(12%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。regard, 关切，关心。
vt.不理会;忽视;漠视n.忽视;漠视They disregarded my objections to the proposal.他们忽视我对该提案的异议.
【反】nurture（n /v 养育；教育）
US [-'gɑ:rd] noun uncountable
■when someone shows no care or respect for something 忽视，漠视，无视
• What amazes me is her complete disregard for anyone else's opinion. 让我吃惊的是，她完全无视他人的意见。
UK [ˌdɪs.rɪ'gɑ:d] US [-'gɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to ignore something 忽视，无视，不理会
• He told us to disregard everything we'd learned so far and start again. 他告诉我们不要考虑所学过的东西，一切要重新开始。
overlook, disregard, omit, neglect, forget, ignore
这组词都有“疏忽，忽略”的意思，其区别是：
overlook: 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
disregard: 多指有意或自觉地不顾某事。
omit: 指有意或无意地忘记做某事，也指删去被视作不重要、不合意的东西。
neglect: 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
forget: 普通用词，侧重某事不重要或太复杂而未能记住，也指有意疏忽或忘掉。
ignore: 通常指有意不顾，或不理显而易见的事物。
vt. 忽视；不理；漠视；不顾
 - ignore, neglect
n. 忽视；不尊重
 - inobservancy, negligence

Word: compressed
Front: compressed
[kəm'prest] (托 12722/13867)
Back: adj. 压缩的; <生>扁长形的
v. 压紧，压缩( compress的过去式和过去分词 ); 精简
分布：压缩的(96%)，动词compress的过去式和过去分词.(2%)，〈生物学〉扁平的(2%)
ADJ
(空气或气体)压缩的
Compressed air or gas is squeezed into a small space or container and is therefore at a higher pressure than normal. It is used especially as a source of power for machines.
adj. 被压缩的； [昆] 扁平的
 - flat, tabular

Word: modality
Front: modality
[məʊˈdæləti] (12761/23080)
Vocabulary: modality
(once / 50295 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A modality is the way or mode in which something exists or is done. You might often see it used with reference to diagnostic modality, which is the way in which a disease or illness is diagnosed by a doctor.
Modality shares its root with the word mode, meaning "the way in which something happens or is experienced." A sensory modality is a way of sensing, like vision or hearing. Modality in someone's voice gives a sense of the person's mood. In logic, modality has to do with whether a proposition is necessary, possible, or impossible. In general, a modality is a particular way in which something exists.
WORD FAMILY
modality: modalities+/ modal: bimodal, modality, modally, modals/ mode: modal, modes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The problem is the poor women. You do ultrasounds and biopsies but an ultrasound is not an internationally approved screening modality,” Fadl says.
The Guardian(Oct 01, 2016)
Gwyn Harris, medical director of Modality partnership, a group of GPs, goes further.
Economist(Sep 08, 2016)
We will also change the metric for assessing the efficacy of these treatment modalities.
Time(Aug 17, 2016)
Back: n. 形式; 模式; 方式
分布：形态(61%)，形式(37%)，样式(2%)
→来自mode,模式。引申词义样式，方法等。
n. 形式，形态；程序；物理疗法；主要的感觉
 - form, procedure, routine, program

Word: unimportant
Front: unimportant
[ˌʌnɪmˈpɔ:tnt] (高 12727/9487 -K1)
Back: adj. 不重要的; 琐细的; 平凡的; 不要紧
分布：不重要的(100%)
US [-'pɔ:r-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not important 不重要的，无足轻重的
• Staffing is still a relatively unimportant issue compared to the other problems that we're encountering. 与我们面对的其他难题相比，员工问题相对而言无足轻重。
adj. 不重要的；琐碎的
 - small, trivial

Word: aback
Front: aback
[əˈbæk] (12786/11826 -1)
Vocabulary: aback
(once / 1905 pages)
1adv 2adv
To be taken aback is to be taken by surprise. You might be taken aback when your grandmother suddenly demonstrates her yodeling skills.
When you see the adverb aback, it almost always follows the verb "to take." When you're taken aback, you're startled, often by another person's actions. If someone makes a rude comment at a dinner party, for example, you'll be taken aback. The word dates from about 1200, and it comes from the Old English on bæc, "at or on the back." It was first used as a nautical term for a strong wind flattening the sail against the ship's mast.
WORD FAMILY
aback
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was recently taken aback when I invited a friend to dinner and asked about any food restrictions.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Taken aback, she asked a class of mostly 11-year-olds to run around a field and was surprised to see what a struggle it was.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
At first, he was taken aback by the razzmatazz and the vehemence, the cries of “Lock her up.”
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 吃惊地; 向后; <航海>（帆船）突遇顶风而停止前进
adj. <航海>处于顶风位置的
分布：向后地(60%)，吃惊地(20%)，后退地(20%)
→来自古英语on back 的缩写，多用于短语take aback, 表示被人从后面突然打了一下，吃惊。
adverb
be taken aback
■to be very shocked or surprised 大吃一惊；震惊
• I was rather taken aback by her honesty. 她的坦诚让我大吃一惊。
adv. 向后；处于顶风位置；向后地
 - rear, backward, fro

Word: deftly
Front: deftly
[deftlɪ] (12731/15547)
Vocabulary: deftly
(once / 1919 pages)
adv
When something's done deftly, it's accomplished with style and skill. You'd be sure to impress your friends if you grabbed three grapefruits, juggled them deftly, and returned them to their bowl, all while carrying on a conversation.
A physical or athletic act can be done deftly, or easily and well, but deftly can also describe something done with cleverness or wit, like a musician writing song lyrics deftly. The Old English word gedæfte, which means "mild" or "gentle," is the root of the word deftly, whose meaning still has that sense of doing something both skillfully and gently, or effortlessly.
WORD FAMILY
deft: defter, deftest, deftly, deftness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Light and shadow are deftly conveyed, as are the folds of voluminous costumes.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Saleh meets regularly with Houthi leaders, securing the influence of his party through his political skills, and deftly uses social media.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The actor also directed August Wilson’s play, deftly, and his familiarity with the play shows in this riveting screen adaption.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adv. 灵巧地，熟练地，敏捷地
分布：灵巧地(60%)，敏捷地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
灵巧的;熟练的;机敏的
A deft action is skilful and often quick.
例：With a deft flick of his foot, Mr Worth tripped one of the raiders up.沃思先生机敏地把脚一伸，把其中一个袭击者给绊倒了。
adv. 熟练地；灵巧地；敏捷地
 - promptly, adroitly

Word: leek
Front: leek
[li:k] (12748/16499 -1)
Back: n. 韭葱
分布：韭葱(79%)，青蒜(21%)
→来自古英语leac,葱，蒜，词源同garlic.进一步来自leug,弯曲的，柔软的，词源同leg.
noun countable
■a vegetable which looks like a white stick with long green leaves on top and which tastes and smells like an onion 韭葱
n. 韭； [园艺] 韭葱
 - scallion

Word: one-sided
Front: one-sided
[ˌwʌnˈsaidid] (-1)
Vocabulary: one-sided
(once / 3005 pages)
adj
One-sided means only showing a single side of a complicated issue, or being biased. A newspaper article is one-sided if it presents just one opinion about a controversial topic.
When television news gives a one-sided version of the facts, it's impossible for a viewer to get a clear picture of what's going on, especially when most political subjects have so many differing opinions. Another, much less controversial meaning of the adjective one-sided is simply "having only one side." You might be pleased to realize that your math test paper is one-sided, with questions only on the front.
WORD FAMILY
one-sided
USAGE EXAMPLES
Falls told KOBI-TV that the findings are one-sided, sheriff’s employees weren’t interviewed and the manner in which the report was released validates his concerns.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Even in World War I, the one-sided peace we helped create only led to World War II. We should learn to stay home.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The Palestinians were always lobbying for a vote, although the administration considered most of the proposed resolutions too one-sided.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 单方面的，一边的; 片面的，不公道的; 倾向一边的; [法]片面的
分布：片面的(88%)，单向的(8%)，只见问题之一面的(4%)
adjective
■If a competition is one-sided, one team or player is much better than the other （比赛）一面倒的，实力悬殊的
• a one-sided contest/game 实力悬殊的竞赛／比赛
■only considering one opinion in an argument in a way that is unfair 片面的；不公正的；偏向一方的
• They blamed their defeat on the media's one-sided reporting of the election. 他们将失败归咎于媒体对竞选的片面报道。
adj. 片面的，单方面的；不公正的
 - unfair, ex parte

Word: waxed
Front: waxed
[wæks] (12779/19641)
Back: vt. 给…打蜡，给…上蜡（wax的过去式与过去分词形式）
分布：蜡(96%)，蜂蜡(3%)，变圆(1%)
N-MASS
蜡
Wax is a solid, slightly shiny substance made of fat or oil which is used to make candles and polish. It melts when it is heated.
例：There were coloured candles which had spread pools of wax on the furniture...彩色蜡烛在家具上留下一摊摊蜡油。
例：She loved the scent in the house of wax polish.她喜欢房子里打过蜡的味道。
VERB
给…上蜡
If you wax a surface, you put a thin layer of wax onto it, especially in order to polish it.
例：We'd have long talks while she helped me wax the floor.她帮我给地板打蜡时我们谈了很久。
例：...all those Sundays spent washing and waxing the car.那些用来洗车和给车上蜡的星期天
VERB
用蜡给（皮肤）除毛
If you have your legs waxed, you have the hair removed from your legs by having wax put on them and then pulled off quickly.
例：She has just had her legs waxed at the local beauty parlour...她刚在当地一家美容院除了腿毛。
例：She could go shopping, and wax her legs.她可以去逛商店，顺便除一下腿毛。
N-UNCOUNT
耳垢;耳屎
Wax is the sticky yellow substance found in your ears.
VERB
畅谈
If you say that someone, for example, waxes lyrical or waxes indignant about a subject, you mean that they talk about it in an enthusiastic or indignant way.
例：He waxed lyrical about the skills and commitment of his employees...他津津乐道于员工的技能和敬业精神。
例：My mother waxed eloquent on the theme of wifely duty.我母亲大谈为妻之道。
PHRASE
兴衰;盛衰
If something waxes and wanes, it first increases and then decreases over a period of time.
例：Portugal and Spain had possessed vast empires that waxed and waned.葡萄牙和西班牙都曾是经历了兴衰的大帝国。
adj. 上过蜡的；防水的
 - splashproof, showerproof

Word: priesthood
Front: priesthood
[ˈpri:sthʊd] (12754/15198 -1)
Back: n. 祭司职; 神职
分布：神职(43%)，祭司职(39%)，僧职(18%)
N-UNCOUNT
教士（或神父、牧师、司铎）的职位；担任神职的时期
Priesthood is the position of being a priest or the period of time during which someone is a priest.
例：...the early rites of priesthood...早期的教士就职仪式
例：He spent the first twenty-five years of his priesthood as an academic.他当教士的头25年都在做研究学者。
N-SING
（尤指某个基督教派的）全体教士，全体神职人员，司祭团
The priesthood is all the members of the Christian clergy, especially in a particular Church.
例：Should the General Synod vote women into the priesthood?教会总会应该投票让女性担任教士吗？

Word: whiteness
Front: whiteness
[waɪtnəs] (12736/15637)
Back: n. 白，洁白; 苍白; 清白，纯洁; 白色物质
分布：白(89%)，洁白(9%)，苍白(2%)
COLOUR
白色;白
Something that is white is the colour of snow or milk.
例：He had nice square white teeth...他的牙齿洁白而整齐，十分好看。
例：Issa's white beach hat gleamed in the harsh lights...伊萨的白色沙滩帽在刺眼的阳光下闪闪发亮。
ADJ
白种人的;白肤色的
A white person has a pale skin and belongs to a race which is of European origin.
例：Working with white people hasn't been a problem for me or for them...和白人共事对我、对他们来说都不是个问题。
例：He was white, with brown shoulder-length hair and a moustache.他是个白人，留着棕色的齐肩发并蓄着小胡子。
ADJ-GRADED
(因情绪变化或生病等)脸色苍白的
If someone goes white, the skin on their face becomes very pale, for example because of fear, shock, anger, or illness.
例：Richard had gone very white, but he stood his ground...理查德脸都白了，但还是坚持自己的立场。
例：He turned white and began to stammer...他脸色发白，说话开始结巴。
ADJ
(葡萄酒)白的，淡黄色的
White wine is pale yellow in colour.
例：Gregory poured another glass of white wine and went back to his bedroom.格雷戈里又倒了一杯白葡萄酒后回到了卧室。
ADJ
(咖啡)加牛奶(或奶油)的
White coffee has had milk or cream added to it.
例：Wayne has a large white coffee in front of him.韦恩面前摆着一大杯加了牛奶的咖啡。
ADJ
(血细胞)白的
White blood cells are the cells in your blood which your body uses to fight infection.
ADJ
(魔法)善意的
People who believe in white magic believe it is possible to use magic to do good things.
例：...practitioners of white magic...施善意法术的人
例：They claim to be white witches.她们自称是善良的女巫。
N-VAR
蛋白;蛋清
The white of an egg is the transparent liquid that surrounds the yellow part called the yolk.
N-COUNT
眼白
The white of someone's eye is the white part that surrounds the coloured part called the iris.
N-PLURAL
白色的运动服
Whites are white clothes that you wear for playing some sports, for example tennis or cricket.
例：There was a Frenchman sitting at the next table, immaculate in tennis whites.邻桌坐着位法国人，穿着非常整洁的白色网球服。
n. 白，洁白，苍白； [矿业] 白度
 - blanc, cleanness

Word: fortify
Front: fortify
[ˈfɔ:tɪfaɪ] (托雅宝 12751/14102 -1)
Vocabulary: fortify
(once / 310 pages)
v
If you add nutrients to something you fortify it. Food scientists have found ways to fortify cereal, but in addition to vitamins C and D, they usually add a lot of sugar.
If you strengthen your defenses, you fortify them, perhaps by adding more arms or increasing your defensive walls. Sometimes the defenses you fortify will be tangible and sometimes the word is used metaphorically to mean give courage. If a castle was originally vulnerable to attack, the owner might fortify it by adding a moat — and maybe filling it with crocodiles. If you're nervous about giving a speech, you should fortify yourself with a pep talk first.
WORD FAMILY
fortify: fortification, fortified, fortifies, fortifying+/ fort: forted, fortify, forting, forts/fortification: fortifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But many immigration experts are skeptical that spending more money on fortifying the border will do much to stanch the flow.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But “Drunk Shakespeare” — fortified, perhaps, by liquid courage? — will plow ahead with evening performances at Roy Arias Stages, on West 43rd Street.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Kennedy thinks the U.S. and Europe should “fortify their investment review procedures” on China—and coordinate their efforts.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 加强，增强; 增加营养物; 使体力增加; 鼓励，使（意志等）坚定
vi. 构筑防御工事
时态：fortified, fortifying, fortifies
分布：增强(46%)，加强(42%)，筑防御工事于(12%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。
加固,加强(fort+ify→力量化→加固)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
【记】fort（n 堡垒）
【参】fortitude（n 不屈不挠的精神）；altitude（n 海拔高度）；attitude（n 姿势；态度）要上8848的altitude，需要fortitude的attitude
【反】sap（n 树液vt 使衰竭；逐渐侵蚀）；enervate（v 使衰弱）；vitiate（v 损害；使堕落）；debilitate（v 使衰弱）
US ['fɔ:r.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to strengthen something, especially in order to protect it （尤指为防御而）加强，增强
• a fortified town 设防的城镇
• They hurriedly fortified the village with barricades of carts. 他们匆忙用马车搭起路障，加强村子的防御。
• The argument had fortified her resolve to prove she was right. 这番争论增强了她证明自己正确的决心。
• He fortified himself with a drink and a sandwich before driving on. 继续开车之前，他喝了杯饮品吃了件三明治来增强体力。
• a fruit drink fortified with vitamin C (= with vitamin C added) 添加了维他命C的果汁饮品
vt. 加强；增强；（酒）的酒精含量；设防于
 - enhance, cement, muscle, build up

Word: pet
Front: pet
[pet] (中高研四六托雅 3278/3686 -K3)
Vocabulary: pet
(once / 436 pages)
1nadjv 2n
A pet is an animal you keep as a companion, usually in your house. People love to pet, or touch, their pets. A pet is also a favorite. A teacher’s pet is the teacher’s fave student. No barking required.
Your pet might be a hamster in a cage or a big dog that sleeps in your bed. Farm animals, like cows and goats, aren't usually considered to be pets, but that’s how the word started. Pet comes from Scottish dialect and used to refer to a favorite animal that got to come live inside, like Wilbur the pig in Charlotte’s Web. Pet is also a creepy form of endearment. When pet is a verb, it means “to stroke or caress.”
WORD FAMILY
pet: pets, petted, petter, petting, pettish+/petter: petters/petting: pettings/pettish: pettishly, pettishness/pettishness: pettishnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Pet” plays with the power dynamic inherent in this scenario, imagining a situation where the prey might be more dangerous than the predator.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
But Anki says it will evolve; in December it will be able to recognize pets and learn new words.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
THE majority of Americans see their pets as family members, surveys show.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 宠物; 宠儿; 受宠的人; 生气
adj. 宠爱的，溺爱的; 表示亲昵的
vt. 宠爱; 爱抚，亲抚
vi. <非正>亲吻; 爱抚
时态：petted, petting, pets
分布：宠物(94%)，宠爱的(2%)，爱抚(2%)，亲抚(1%)，受宠的人(1%)
→可能来自petty的回构词，由小的引申词义精巧的，可爱的，后用于指宠物，宠儿。
n.爱畜,宠儿a.宠爱的,表示亲昵的The wet pet in the net hasn't got on the jet plane yet.网中的湿宠物还没有登上喷气飞机.
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
 IMPROVER
■an animal which is kept in the home as a companion and treated kindly 宠物
• They have several pets - a dog, two rabbits and a guinea pig. 他们有好几只宠物：一只狗、两只兔子和一只天竺鼠。
• a pet snake 宠物蛇
[pet] noun countable
PERSON 人
be sb's pet disapproving
■to be the person that someone in authority likes best and treats better than anyone else 是（某人的）宠儿
• The other children hated her because she was the teacher's pet. 别的孩子都讨厌她，因为她是老师的宠儿。
■informal approving
■a kind person who is easy to like 讨人喜欢的人
• He's always sending me flowers - he's a real pet! 他总是送花给我——他真讨人喜欢！
■UK informal
■a friendly way of talking to someone, especially a woman or a child 宝贝，乖乖（尤用于称呼女性或孩子）
• Thank you, pet. 谢谢你，宝贝。
[pet] verb (-tt-)
transitive
■If you pet an animal, child, etc., you touch them gently and kindly with your hands 抚摸，爱抚，轻按
• Our dog loves to be petted and tickled behind the ears. 我们的狗喜欢人在它耳后抚摸、呵痒。
intransitive informal
■If two people are petting, they are kissing and touching each other in a sexual way. （男女间）亲吻，爱抚
⇒ See also heavy petting
[pet] adjective
pet theory/subject/hate, etc.
■a theory/subject/hate, etc. that is special and important to you 特别喜爱的理论／话题／特别讨厌的事物等
• Football is one of her pet hates. 足球是她最讨厌的东西之一。
• US My pet peeve (= pet hate) is cleaning the bathroom. 我最讨厌怨恨的事情就是打扫浴室。
n. 宠物；生气；受宠爱的人
 - vitality, animation
vt. 宠爱
 - dote on, cosset
vi. 生气；爱抚
 - take offense, take offence
adj. 宠爱的
 - favorite, fond

Word: patchwork
Front: patchwork
[ˈpætʃwɜ:k] (12752/13889 -1)
Back: n. 补缀品，拼缝物; 混杂物
分布：拼凑的东西(50%)，修补工作(25%)，混杂物(25%)
→patch,补丁，work,作品。
【记】patch（n 补丁），work（n 作品）
US [-wɝ:k] noun
uncountable
■cloth which is made by sewing together a lot of smaller usually square pieces of cloth with different patterns and colours, or the activity of doing this 拼布工艺（品）
• a patchwork quilt/jacket 百衲被／拼布补缀的夹克衫
• The old lady sat in the corner doing patchwork. 那个老太太坐在角落里做些缝补活。
only singular
■a mixture of different things 拼缀物，拼凑的东西，杂烩
• We looked out of the aircraft window down onto the patchwork of fields below. 我们从飞机的舷窗俯视下面纵横交错的田地。
n. 拼缝物，拼缀物；混杂物
 - farrago, macedoine

Word: diminishing
Front: diminishing
[dɪ'mɪnɪʃɪŋ] (12745/11307)
Vocabulary: diminishing
(once / 1498 pages)
adj
Diminishing means becoming smaller and smaller. While diminishing pain is a good thing, diminishing returns on your investment is not so welcome.
Diminishing comes from the Latin word minuere — "to make small." The "law of diminishing returns" refers to the tendency at a certain point for continued effort in an area to begin producing a smaller and smaller result. You might enjoy eating one Sour Patch candy, but if you eat a whole package of them and feel sick? Then, you have come face-to-face with the law of diminishing returns.
WORD FAMILY
diminishing: diminishingly+/ diminish: diminished, diminishes, diminishing / diminished: undiminished
USAGE EXAMPLES
Two main classes of figurative language, Pope argued, were responsible: “the Magnifying” and “the Diminishing.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Said DeVoto at his wisest, “This is an hour of diminishing, of slowing down, of quieting.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That entrepreneurial spark also highlights challenges facing the economy, from difficulty re-entering the job market to the diminishing role of fast-growing young firms.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 逐渐缩小的
v. （使）减少，缩小( diminish的现在分词 ); 减弱…的权势
分布：减小(49%)，削弱(46%)，动词diminish的现在分词.(5%)
V-ERG
（使）减小;（使）减弱;（使）降低
When something diminishes, or when something diminishes it, it becomes reduced in size, importance, or intensity.
例：The threat of nuclear war has diminished...核战争的威胁已经减小了。
例：Federalism is intended to diminish the power of the central state...联邦制旨在削弱中央政府的权力。
VERB
贬低;轻视
If you diminish someone or something, you talk about them or treat them in a way that makes them appear less important than they really are.
例：He never put her down or diminished her...他从未奚落或贬低过她。
例：He could no longer cope; he relied on me, and felt diminished by it.他再也无法承受，他依赖我，却因此觉得是受了轻贱。
v. 减少；递减；衰减；削弱…的权势（diminish的现在分词）
 - reducing, decreasing
adj. 逐渐缩小的；衰减的
 - attenuated

Word: thud
Front: thud
[θʌd] (12740/16131 -1)
Vocabulary: thud
(once / 1498 pages)
nv
To thud is to make the loud sound of something heavy hitting or falling. Tip your chair too far back and your body may thud against the floor.
Throw an egg off a balcony onto the pavement below, and it will splat, but throw a heavy dumbbell off the same balcony and it will thud — you can call the sound it makes a thud as well. The verb originally meant "to strike, stab, or thrust," from the Old English imitative word þyddan, and the noun was used to mean "blast of wind" in the early sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thud: thudded, thudding, thuds+/thudding: thuddingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
No more playing this season, one that dipped and rolled and rose, only to end with a most resounding thud.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He spins around again and puts it down in front of him with a thud.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A beloved Midwestern burger chain landed in downtown Seattle with a resounding thud, according to a controversial review by food writer Bethany Jean Clement.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 重击声; 砰的一声
v. 砰然下落; 发出砰声
时态：thudded, thudding, thuds
分布：砰的一声(80%)，重击声(10%)，发出砰的一声(10%)
noun countable
■the sound that is made when something heavy falls or hits something else 砰的一声；重击声；沉闷的声响
• The boy fell to the ground with a thud. 男孩重重地摔倒在地上。
• I could hear the thud of horses' hooves down the track. 我可以听到跑道上响起的马蹄声。
n. 砰的一声；重击
 - pound, devel

Word: gimmick
Front: gimmick
[ˈgɪmɪk] (宝 12796/18498 -1)
Vocabulary: gimmick
(once / 6567 pages)
1n 2n
A gimmick is a trick intended to attract attention. If you lure crowds to your bake sale by having cute football players handing out samples in front of your booth, that’s a gimmick.
A gimmick is often used by businesses to sell a product. As a sales gimmick, your local bank might offer free microwave ovens to people who open new savings accounts. A TV show may air a live episode as a gimmick to get people to watch the show. The word sometimes has a slightly negative connotation — there’s often some flashy trickery involved in a gimmick and it doesn’t always add value to what’s being sold.
WORD FAMILY
gimmick: gimmicks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It was a gimmick team,” Foster said, perhaps still charged up from the late-game fracas.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
It is unfussy in a country whose metropolitan food culture increasingly involves infantile gimmicks: dishes served on bricks, in jam-jars and the like.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Letterman’s gimmick here was contrast: A glamorous woman with a beguiling accent pounding In-N-Out burgers as a dweeby comic peppered her with innuendo.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 花招，诡计; 骗人的玩意; 暗机关; <俚>产品广告噱头
v. 使暗机关; 搞骗人的玩意; 在…上暗设机关
分布：噱头(48%)，花招(31%)，暗机关(13%)，用暗机关改变或影响(4%)，小发明(4%)
→来自gimcrack的拼写变体，花里胡哨的，花招，把戏。
【记】原指：秘密地和欺骗地控制赌博器具的机械装置源于口语：gimme＝give me或give it to me；商家的吸引人的小花招目的就是give你的money to me。
['gɪm.ɪk] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract people's attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something （尤指为诱人购买而搞的）花招，把戏；（诱人购买的）华而不实的东西，金玉其外的东西
• a publicity gimmick 广告宣传花招
• They give away free gifts with children's meals as a sales/marketing gimmick. 他们给儿童套餐搭配免费礼品作为促销／ 行销伎俩。

Word: deficient
Front: deficient
[dɪˈfɪʃnt] (六托 12804/11799 -1)
Vocabulary: deficient
(once / 472 pages)
adj
Deficient means not enough or not adequate. Maybe you were deficient in caffeine that day. Maybe you were lacking in study time. But no doubt about it: you came up with a deficient number of correct answers on the physics test.
If your new car fund remains deficient, you don't have enough money to buy a new car. This presents a problem if your current car is deficient in some way––say, it no longer has enough engine power to drive up a hill. You may not feel you have what it takes to get a job, but the reality is you will have to chose between indulging your own deficiencies in this area or the car's.
WORD FAMILY
deficient: deficiency, deficiently+/ deficiency: deficiencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in a 69-page decision issued on Friday, the Supreme Court said that Mr. Sherman’s legal work was not deficient.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ten percent of bridges were structurally deficient, the engineers concluded.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The agency also cited a high number of runaways and a deficient fire suppression system.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 不足的，缺乏的; 有缺陷的; 不充分的; 短少
分布：不足的(53%)，有缺陷的(36%)，不充分的(11%)
adjective
■not having enough of 缺乏的，缺少的
• A diet deficient in vitamin D may cause the disease rickets. 饮食中缺乏维他命D可导致佝偻病。
■not good enough 不够的，不足的
• His theory is deficient in several respects. 他的理论有几方面的不足。
adj. 不足的；有缺陷的；不充分的
 - insufficient, short, inadequate, lacking, disabled

Word: spec
Front: spec
[spek] (12763/15107 -1)
Back: n. 说明书; 投机
adj. （尤指地产开发中）投机性建房的
分布：细则(55%)，特别(45%)
[spek] informal
noun
on spec
■taking a chance, without being sure that you will get what you want 碰运气
• We just turned up at the airport on spec, hoping that we'd get tickets. 我们只不过到机场去碰碰运气，希望能弄到机票。
• You could always send your CV to a few companies on spec. 你总还可以把你的简历寄给几家公司，碰碰运气嘛。
[spek] informal
noun
countable informal for
■ specification
• We've had a spec drawn up for a new bathroom. 我们请人草拟了一份新浴室的设计图。
n. 投机；说明书；细则
 - description, gambling

Word: keenly
Front: keenly
[ki:nlɪ] (12759/11094)
Back: adv. 敏锐地; 敏感地; 锐利地; 强烈地
分布：强烈地(37%)，敏锐地(36%)，热心地(27%)
ADJ-GRADED
渴望的；热切的；热衷的
If you are keen on doing something, you very much want to do it. If you are keen that something should happen, you very much want it to happen.
例：You're not keen on going, are you?...你不太想去，是吗？
例：Both companies were keen on a merger...两家公司都很想合并。
ADJ-GRADED
（对…）喜爱的，满怀热情的
If you are keen on something, you like it a lot and are very enthusiastic about it.
例：I got quite keen on the idea...我对这个想法燃起了极大的热情。
例：I wasn't too keen on physics and chemistry.我对物理和化学不是太感喜爱。
ADJ-GRADED
(对某一活动)热情的，热心的
You use keen to indicate that someone has a lot of enthusiasm for a particular activity and spends a lot of time doing it.
例：She was a keen amateur photographer.她是业余摄影爱好者。
ADJ-GRADED
(人)生性热情的，兴趣广博的
If you describe someone as keen, you mean that they have an enthusiastic nature and are interested in everything that they do.
例：He's a very keen student and works very hard...他是个很好学的学生，学习非常努力。
例：You're all very keen.你们都很热心。
ADJ-GRADED
（兴趣或感情）浓厚的，强烈的
A keen interest or emotion is one that is very intense.
例：He had retained a keen interest in the progress of the work.他对那项工作的进展一直很关心。
例：...his keen sense of loyalty.他强烈的忠诚感
ADJ-GRADED
（支持）热情的，积极的
If you are a keen supporter of a cause, movement, or idea, you support it enthusiastically.
例：He's been a keen supporter of the Labour Party all his life...他一生都是工党的热情拥护者。
例：He is a keen advocate of park-and-ride schemes.他是“停车再换乘”计划的热情拥护者。
ADJ-GRADED
思维敏捷的；机灵的；机智的
If you say that someone has a keen mind, you mean that they are very clever and aware of what is happening around them.
例：They described him as a man of keen intellect...他们把他描述成一个才思敏捷的人。
例：Mr Walsh has a keen appreciation of the priorities of the electorate...沃尔什先生深刻理解选民最为关注的事项。
ADJ-GRADED
（目光或听觉）灵敏的，敏锐的
If you have a keen eye or ear, you are able to notice things that are difficult to detect.
例：...an amateur artist with a keen eye for detail...对细节非常敏感的业余画家
例：Brand's keen ear caught the trace of an accent.布兰德敏锐的耳朵听出了口音。
ADJ-GRADED
（对某人）倾心的,迷恋的
If you are keen on someone, you find them sexually attractive and want to get to know them better.
例：Mick has always been very keen on Carla.米克一直迷恋卡拉。
ADJ-GRADED
（战斗或竞争）激烈的，紧张的
A keen fight or competition is one in which the competitors are all trying very hard to win, and it is not easy to predict who will win.
例：There is expected to be a keen fight in the local elections.预计地方选举的竞争会非常激烈。
ADJ-GRADED
（价格）低廉的，有竞争力的
Keen prices are low and competitive.
例：The company negotiates very keen prices with their suppliers.该公司通过讨价还价从供货商那里拿到了很低的价格。
VERB
（为死者）恸哭，哀号
If someone keens, they cry out or make sounds to express their sorrow at someone's death.
例：He tossed back his head and keened...他仰天恸哭起来。
例：Someone was making a low, keening noise.有人正在低声哀泣。
PHRASE
对…十分热衷；对…非常热情
If you say that someone is mad keen on something, you are emphasizing that they are very enthusiastic about it.
例：So you're not mad keen on science then?...那么你对科学并不是太感兴趣了？
例：She was mad keen to go.她非常想去。
adv. 敏锐地；强烈地；锐利地
 - sharply, observantly

Word: tabletop
Front: tabletop
[ˈteɪbltɒp] (12803/36916)
Back: n. 桌面
分布：桌面(92%)，台式的(6%)，桌子的平坦表面(2%)
n. 桌面
 - desktop, table tops

Word: microprocessor
Front: microprocessor
[ˌmaɪkrəʊˈprəʊsesə(r)] (六 12718/10933 -1)
Back: n. [计]微处理器
分布：微处理器(100%)
→micro-,微小的，processor,处理器。
US [-kroʊ'prɑ:.ses.ɚ] noun countable
■a part of a computer that controls its main operations 微处理器
n. [计] 微处理器
 - Merced

Word: coupe
Front: coupe
[ˈku:peɪ] (12758/27121 -1)
Back: n. 双座四轮轿式马车，分隔车房
分布：双座四轮轿式马车(58%)，双门小轿车(42%)
→来自coup, 砍，击，砍成一半，即正常小汽车尺寸的一半。
N-COUNT
同 coupé
A coupe is the same as a coupé .
n. 小轿车；双座四轮轿式马车
 - sedan car

Word: full-fledged
Front: full-fledged
[fʊl fledʒd] (宝)
Vocabulary: full-fledged
(once / 5869 pages)
adj
Something that's full-fledged is completely developed, or fully qualified. A full-fledged meal, as far as your mom's concerned, might include meat, potatoes, and a vegetable.
Things that are whole or complete are full-fledged — a full-fledged case of the flu isn't just a few sniffles and coughs, but requires you to lie in bed with a fever for several days. A full-fledged war involves two countries with a conflict deep enough to inspire violent clashes on both sides. The fledge part of full-fledged comes from the Old English -flycge, "having the feathers" or "fit to fly."
WORD FAMILY
full-fledged
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is the most engaging of what is becoming a full-fledged lifestyle category.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Benedict Cumberbatch and Martin Freeman are full-fledged movie stars now.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Trump’s last full-fledged news conference was July 27, which he held at his Miami-area golf course as counterprogramming to the ongoing Democratic National Convention.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 羽毛生齐的; 经过充分训练的，成熟的
分布：成熟的(77%)，羽毛丰满的(19%)，完全有资格的(4%)
ADJ
同 fully fledged
Full-fledged means the same as fully fledged .

Word: windmill
Front: windmill
[ˈwɪndmɪl] (六 12809/11762 -1)
Back: n. 风车; 旋转玩具; <口>直升飞机
分布：风车(100%)
→wind,风，mill,磨坊。
noun countable
■a building or structure with large blades on the outside which, when turned by the force of the wind, provide the power for getting water out of the ground or crushing grain 风车房；风力磨坊；风车
■* a wind turbine
■(US also pinwheel)
■a child's toy which consists of a stick with brightly coloured pieces of plastic at one end which turn around when you blow them or hold the toy in the wind （儿童玩具）风车
n. [动力] 风车；风车房；旋转玩具；直升飞机
 - winnower, helicopter
vt. 使旋转
 - turn, spin, swing

Word: perilous
Front: perilous
[ˈperələs] (托宝 12773/13986 -1)
Vocabulary: perilous
(once / 550 pages)
adj
Something that is dangerous or very risky can be described with the adjective perilous. If you are driving in a blizzard, you may kick yourself for making such a perilous journey.
The adjective perilous comes from the Latin word periculum, meaning dangerous. Words from the same root include peril, a noun meaning a dangerous situation, and imperil, a verb meaning to put in danger. The last thing you want to do as a parent is to imperil your children. Unfortunately, childhood is filled with peril — from climbing on the monkey bars to eating paste, dirt, or bugs. If you think you can prevent all perilous situations, you haven't been a parent very long!
WORD FAMILY
perilous: perilously, perilousness+/ peril: periled, periling, perilled, perilling, perilous, perils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if we just miss it, the upward trend of global temperatures overall continues at a perilous rate.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For the Nasser family, Mosul was just one stop in a perilous odyssey that began when IS swept across the country in 2014.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She left their home and community and set off on the perilous journey to the north.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 危险的，冒险的
分布：危险的(90%)，冒险的(10%)
→来自peril,危险。
危险的(peril+ous)[per=try,表示"尝试"]
['per.əl.əs] formal
adjective
■extremely dangerous 非常危险的
• The country roads are quite perilous. 这些乡间道路很危险。
adj. 危险的，冒险的
 - dangerous, critical, risky, threatening, hazardous

Word: pitiful
Front: pitiful
[ˈpɪtɪfl] (托宝 12810/14592 -1)
Vocabulary: pitiful
(once / 561 pages)
adj
Pitiful means pathetic. If you don't even study for your test, you're making a pretty pitiful effort to do well.
The word pitiful can be used in a range of contexts. Most commonly, you'll see it used as an expression of contempt and pity, the way the word pathetic might be used. You might also see it used in reference to something unfortunate or deserving of pity — like a homeless mother and her child, begging for money on the street. Something pitiful might also be something very small or inadequate. A pitiful attempt, is one that isn't good enough.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pitiable / pitiful / piteous / pitiless
We don't often look at four words that can be easily confused for each other, but this pack is an exception. Let's start with our base word: pity. Pity is to feel sorrow or compassion for someone's misfortunes or sorrows. It can also be something that causes sorrow or disappointment:
Pity the misunderstood conifer: Evergreens' many benefits overlooked
Pitiless, then, is without (-less) pity, lacking compassion. Pitiless can be cruel or merciless:
Hell, on the other hand, will be like having to read an unauthorised biography of yourself written by a pitiless researcher who has exposed your secrets.
Pitiable, piteous, and pitiful all mean some shade of deserving pity. Let's see if we can untangle the differences. Piteous and pitiable both mean being deserving of pity:
A single drought could spell the end of a society and doom its inhabitants to piteous deaths.
Barb tried to comfort me as Rusty looked on, giving me a pitiable shake of the head.
Pitiable is found 10 times as often, however, as piteous in Google News search results. Because of this difference, piteous has become a more archaic, poetic word, while pitiable remains more common. The latter also means scornfully small or poor:
All of these foods proffer very pitiable nutritional value, and it consequently makes no sense at all to carry on eating them.
Which brings us to pitiful. It, too, means deserving of pity and carries that second meaning of scornfully small or poor. It's used, though, in a much more negative sense, giving rise to feelings of contempt rather than compassion:
They are asking what is this pitiful circus financed with millions of their tax dollars.
Maine Gubernatorial Coverage: Sloppy, Pointless, Pitiful
Union chief endorses 'pitiful' bonus deal for Palm Beach County
If you want to say, then, that something deserves pity, pitiable is your best choice. If you're looking for a more poetic phrasing, go with piteous. A contemptuous meaning wants pitiful. And if you're all out of pity, go with pitiless.
WORD FAMILY
pitiful: pitifulest, pitifully+/ piteous: piteously/ pitiable: pitiablest, pitiably/ pitiless: pitilessly, pitilessness/ pity: piteous, pitiable, pitied, pities, pitiful, pitiless, pitying, self-pity /pitying: unpitying/unpitying: unpityingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This pitiful “my greatest toy is my imagination” shtick held no truck with him.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Pitiful scenes of cheetah cubs lying emaciated and bewildered highlight one of the cruellest but least-publicised examples of illegal wildlife trafficking.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
"He was looking at me and it was so pitiful and he was bleeding and crying and my heart was breaking."
Los Angeles Times(Mar 11, 1990)
Back: adj. 可怜的; 可鄙的; <古>充满同情或怜悯的; 惨
分布：可怜的(80%)，慈悲的(14%)，凄惨的(6%)
→来自pity,可怜，同情。
US ['pɪtˌ-] adjective
■making people feel sympathy 可怜的，令人同情的
• The refugees arriving at the camp had pitiful stories to tell. 抵达营地的难民背后都有令人同情的故事可讲。
■describes something that you consider is bad or not satisfactory or not enough 糟糕的；令人不满意的；不足的
• a pitiful state of affairs 糟糕的事态
• The amount of time and money being spent on researching this disease is pitiful. 花费在研究该疾病上的时间和金钱少得可怜。
adj. 可怜的，令人同情的
 - poor, wretched

Word: bonfire
Front: bonfire
[ˈbɒnfaɪə(r)] (12749/9904 -1)
Back: n. 营火，篝火
分布：篝火(78%)，营火(22%)
→来自bone, 骨头。fire, 火。古义指焚烧动物尸骨作为一种宗教仪式。后指篝火，bone刻意脱落字母e变成词根bon , 好，漂亮。
US ['bɑ:n.faɪr] noun countable
■a large fire that is made outside to burn unwanted things, or for pleasure （为焚烧废弃物或为娱乐而燃起的）火堆，篝火，营火
n. 篝火；营火
 - camp-fire, needfire

Word: front
Front: front
[frʌnt] (中高 1087/1185 -K5)
Vocabulary: front
(once / 35 pages)
1nadjv 2nv
The front is the side that faces outward. If you are in a battle on the eastern front, then you are in the battle the farthest east of any part of the war.
Front comes from the Latin word for forehead, and it means the side of something facing out, or the part of something (a body, a weather system, a war), that's advancing into a new territory, or frontier. A front man is someone used as a cover for questionable activity. Similarly, a front can be an activity used as a cover for some other, questionable, activity, like a Laundromat that's really a front for a mafia headquarters.
WORD FAMILY
front: forefront, frontage, frontal, fronted, fronting, frontly, frontmost, fronts+/forefront: forefronts/frontage: frontages/frontal: frontally, frontals, prefrontal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among the signposts of progress that the front office is noting:
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
She became so weak that she couldn’t walk from the front door to the sidewalk.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Pearson missed the front end of the one-and-one, Robert Champion grabbed the defensive rebound and Benzan drove for the winner.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 前面; 正面; 身体前部; 前线
adj. 前面的; 正面的; 舌前的
v. 面向; 在…前面; 用…作正面; 领导
时态：fronted, fronting, fronts
分布：前面(60%)，前面的(18%)，朝向(6%)，前线(4%)，正面(4%)，面对(4%)，对付(2%)，掩护(1%)，面朝(1%)
→来自bhren, 伸出，突出，词源同brink.
a.前面的,前部的n.正面;前线,战线v.面对The front of the postcard shows a picture of a lake.明信片的正面是一个湖的照片.
noun countable usually singular
PLACE 位置
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of a building, object or person's body which faces forward or which is most often seen or used 前面；正面
• The front of the museum is very impressive. 博物馆的正面极为壮观。
• He spilt soup all down his front. 他把汤洒得前襟上都是。
• He was lying on his front. 他俯卧着。
• The shop front occupies a very prominent position on the main street. 这家商店的门脸在大街上占据了一个非常显眼的位置。
 ESSENTIAL
■the part of a vehicle which is nearest to its direction of movement （车辆的）前部
• Do you want to sit in the front (= next to the driver) ? 你想坐到前座上来吗？
• If we sit near the front of the bus, we'll have a better view. 如果我们坐在公车的前部，视野就会好一些。
 ESSENTIAL
■the outside part or cover of a book, newspaper, or magazine （书刊等的）封面；（报纸的）头版
• There was a picture of the Trevi fountain on the front of the book. 书的封面上有一张特里威喷泉的图片。
 ESSENTIAL
■one of the first pages in a book （书的）前几页中的一页
• There's an inscription in the front of the book. 书的前面一页上有题词。
in front
 ESSENTIAL
■further forward than someone or something else 在前面
• The car in front suddenly stopped and I went into the back of it. 前面的车突然停住，结果我就撞上车尾了。
• She started talking to the man in front of her. 她开始跟前面的那个男人攀谈起来。
 IMPROVER
■winning a game or competition （在比赛或竞赛中）取胜，领先
• By half time the Italians were well in front. 半场时义大利队遥遥领先。
in front of
 ESSENTIAL
■close to the front part of something 在…之前
• There's parking space in front of the hotel. 旅馆前有停车的地方。
 IMPROVER
■where someone can see or hear you 当着（某人）的面，在（某人）面前
• Please don't swear in front of the children. 当着孩子们的面请不要骂人。
up front
■If you give someone an amount of money up front, you pay them before they do something for you 预付；提前支付
• He wants all the money up front or he won't do the job. 他要求预付全款，否则他就不接这工作。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
AREA OF ACTIVITY 活动区域
■a particular area of activity （表示活动范围的）领域，阵线
• How are things on the work front (= Is the situation at work satisfactory) ? 工作前线的情况怎么样？
• She's very creative on the design front (= She is very good at design). 她在设计方面极具创造性。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
APPEARANCE 外表
countable usually singular
■the character or qualities which a person or organization appears to have in public which is different from their real character, and whose purpose is often to deceive people or hide an illegal activity （人或机构的）伪装；假装的样子
• Don't be fooled by his kindness and sensitivity - it's just a front. 别被他的善意和体贴所愚弄——那只不过是装相而已。
• She presents such a cheerful front that you'd never guess she's ill. 她看上去兴高采烈的，你根本猜不到她正病着。
• The machinery company was a front operation for arms smuggling. 那家机械公司只不过是为走私军火打掩护而已。
• Several trading companies were set up in the early 1960s to act as fronts for money-laundering operations. 20世纪60年代早期成立了几家贸易公司，目的是为洗黑钱作掩护。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
LAND 土地
countable usually singular
■land near the sea or a lake, or the part of a town near the beach which often has a wide road or path along it 海滨；湖畔；滨海（或滨湖）大道
• Let's go for a stroll along the front. 我们去海滨散散步吧。
• The company specializes in building lake-front property. 那家公司专门承建滨湖房地产项目。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
WEATHER 天气
countable specialized
■the place where two masses of air which have different temperatures meet 锋
• A cold/warm front is approaching from the west. 冷／暖锋正从西方迫近。
[frʌnt] noun countable usually singular
out front informal
■In a theatre, if you say that someone is out front, you mean they are one of the people watching the performance 在观众席中，看演出
• Don't worry about your parents being out front tonight. 不用为你父母今晚去看演出而担心。
[frʌnt] adjective [before noun]
 ESSENTIAL
■in or at the front of something 前面的；前部的
• One of his front teeth is missing. 他的一颗门牙掉了。
• I'd like seats on the front row of the stalls. 我想要剧场前排的座位。
• a dog's front paws 狗的前爪
[frʌnt] verb
intransitive or transitive (also front onto)
■If a building or area fronts (onto) a particular place, it is near it and faces it （建筑物或地方）朝向，面向
• All the apartments front onto the sea. 所有的公寓都面向大海。
transitive
■to lead an organization or group of musicians 领导（机构）；担任（领唱或领奏）
• She fronts a large IT company. 她领导一家大型 IT 公司。
be fronted with
■If a building is fronted with something, its surface is covered with it （建筑物）表面镶以（或覆以）
• a brick house fronted on three sides with timber 三面都镶了木板的砖房
[frʌnt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  front for sth
■If a person fronts for an illegal organization, they help that organization by using their good reputation to hide its secret activities 替…打掩护；为…当幌子
• The police suspect him of fronting for a crime syndicate. 警方怀疑他为一个犯罪财团打掩护。
n. 前面；正面； [军] 前线
 - frente, facade
vt. 面对；朝向；对付
 - meet, confront
vi. 朝向
 - give upon, look out upon
adj. 前面的；正面的
 - anterior, full-face
adv. 在前面；向前
 - forth, to, ahead, along, forwards

Word: geographer
Front: geographer
[dʒiˈɒgrəfə(r)] (12741/13309)
Back: n. 地理学家
分布：地理学者(100%)
US [dʒi'ɑ:.grə.fɚ] noun countable
■a person who studies geography 地理学家

Word: anti-semitic

Word: helplessness
Front: helplessness
['helpləsnəs] (12746/14257)
Back: n. 无可奈何状态，无能为力; 无助的状态
分布：无能为力(53%)，无可奈何(47%)
ADJ-GRADED
无助的;无力量的;无能力的;不由自主的
If you are helpless, you do not have the strength or power to do anything useful or to control or protect yourself.
例：Parents often feel helpless, knowing that all the cuddles in the world won't stop the tears...父母经常感到无能为力，因为他们知道无论多少次拥抱也无法止住眼泪。
例：Children are dying, and I am helpless to do anything...孩子们已奄奄一息，而我却无力做任何事情。
n. 无能为力；无可奈何状态
 - powerlessness

Word: cavernous
Front: cavernous
[ˈkævənəs] (12755/19562 -1)
Vocabulary: cavernous
(once / 4180 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something reminds you of a cave or cavern in size, shape, or feel, you can describe it with the adjective cavernous. Your cavernous basement is huge, damp, and dark, but fortunately there are no bats down there.
Cavernous, "cavern," and "cave" all come from the same Latin root word cavus, meaning hollow. Anything that's vast or deep can be described as cavernous, like your favorite professor's cavernous knowledge about the subject of 17th century literature. As a medical or anatomical term, cavernous refers to something that is porous, particularly when it's filled with tiny blood vessels.
WORD FAMILY
cavernous: cavernously+/ cavern: caverned, caverning, cavernous, caverns
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a year at cozy Williams, the empty dorm felt cavernous and overwhelming to the Robinson family.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Buyers of a four-bedroom family home in London need deep pockets - but perhaps not as cavernous as a year ago.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Under threat of demolition for years, this cavernous space will soon house the largest start-up incubator in the world.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 洞穴状的; 瓮声的; 多孔的
分布：似巨穴的(54%)，多洞穴的(46%)
US [-ɚn-] adjective
■If something is cavernous, there is a very large open space inside it 似洞穴般的；（内部）大而深的，宽广的
• a cavernous 4000-seat theatre 有4000个座位的宽敞的剧院。

Word: mail-order
Front: mail-order
[ˌmeɪl'ɔ:də] None
Back: adj. 邮购的
分布：邮购的(100%)

Word: knead
Front: knead
[ni:d] (宝 12811/16858 -1)
Vocabulary: knead
(once / 3110 pages)
v
To knead is to massage, as you might knead a sore muscle to relieve the pain or knead bread dough before baking it.
Knead, pronounced “need,” comes from Old English, and its meaning has changed little over time. Knead is sometimes used to describe a cat’s behavior of repeatedly pushing its paws (and claws) into soft surfaces — almost like it’s kneading dough. We’re pretty sure cats did the same thing long ago when folks spoke Old English, but there’s no word on whether knead was used to describe this behavior back then.
WORD FAMILY
knead: kneaded, kneading, kneads
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was my thanks for days of preparation, of kneading dough and peeling beets, of cutting up potatoes and cooking cabbage.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
He kneaded dough at a pastry shop and handled packages at a warehouse.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
She gathered these up, kneaded them together and then fed them into the grinder again.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 揉; 捏（面团、湿粘土等）; 按摩; 揉捏（肌肉等）
时态：kneaded, kneading, kneads
分布：按摩(72%)，捏制(28%)
→来自古英语cnedan,来自Proto-Germanic*knedana,来自gnet,压，捏，来自*gen的扩大形式，压，弯，捏，成团，词源同knob.引申词义揉，捏。
【记】读：need，在累的时候，need knead。读：泥的－捏制
verb transitive
■to press something, especially a mixture for making bread, firmly and repeatedly with the hands and fingers 揉，捏（尤指面）
• Knead the dough until smooth. 把面团揉匀为止。
vt. 揉合，揉捏；按摩；捏制
 - massage, rub down

Word: subculture
Front: subculture
[ˈsʌbkʌltʃə(r)] (12772/17415)
Vocabulary: subculture
(once / 24988 pages)
n
A subculture is a group of people within a larger culture, such as a country, who have something in common. They might share religious or political beliefs or be science fiction fans, for example.
A culture is how people live, sometimes based on where they live — you can refer to American culture, Canadian culture, or to an Australian culture. Within these larger cultures, there are also subcultures of many sizes. The Native American community is a subculture, as is the Mormon community. Also, subcultures can be based on interests, like "Deadheads" who used to follow around the rock band "The Grateful Dead." Before 1936, the word subculture was only used by scientists to talk about bacterial cultures.
WORD FAMILY
subculture: subcultures+/acculturate: acculturated, acculturation, acculturative/ acculturation: acculturational/ counterculture: countercultures/ cultural: culturally, multicultural, transcultural / culture: acculturate, counterculture, cultural, cultured, cultures, culturing, subculture / cultured: culturedly, uncultured / multicultural: multiculturalism / uncultured: unculturedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Blood biking is almost a subculture within a subculture.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
There are Internet subcultures dedicated to unmasking the women’s identities.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Nobody knew who you were outside, probably a small subculture.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 亚文化（模式）; 次文化
分布：亚文化群(100%)
→sub-,亚于，次，culture,文化。
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■the way of life, customs and ideas of a particular group of people within a society, which are different from the rest of that society （社会中某个人群特有的）次文化
• youth subcultures 青少年次文化
• the gay subculture 同性恋次文化

Word: marina
Front: marina
[məˈri:nə] (11239/12323 -1)
Vocabulary: marina
(once / 2376 pages)
n
A marina is a dock, especially a fancy one used for sailboats and yachts. If you live in a harbor town, you can walk down the marina to watch boats come and go.
A marina differs from a port, which is also a harbor where boats can dock, because it's designed for small boats and yachts, rather than large ships. Seaside towns and cities often have public marinas for mooring boats, and private yacht clubs also have marinas. The word marine, which means "pertaining to the sea," can help you remember that a marina is a place where boats dock. The Latin root of both is mare, "the sea."
WORD FAMILY
marina: marinas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Hull City of Culture team said the delay was to allow extra time for those with tickets to get onto the marina.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The Maltnomah County Sheriff’s Office responded to a call on Saturday at about 12:30 p.m. from a resident at the Rocky Pointe Marina.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Earlier this year, we were strolling along a marina in Portugal and a family passed us – a mother, father and daughter.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 小艇船坞，小艇停靠区; 玛丽娜（女子名）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自西班牙语marina,海岸，岸边，来自拉丁语marinus,海的，词源同marine.引申词义海边船坞，游艇停靠区等。
noun countable
■a small port that is used for pleasure rather than trade, often with hotels, restaurants and bars （常设有饭店、餐厅及酒吧的）小船坞，小港口
n. 码头， [船] 小艇船坞；散步道
 - landing, pier

Word: culmination
Front: culmination
[ˌkʌlmɪˈneɪʃn] (托宝 12765/11208)
Vocabulary: culmination
(once / 3582 pages)
1n 2n
The culmination is the end point or final stage of something you've been working toward or something that's been building up. The culmination of your high school career, for example, should be graduation day — and probably not prom night.
A culmination isn't just the conclusion. It's the climax of the story, the final crowning achievement, the end result of years of research. “Life is a culmination of the past, an awareness of the present, an indication of a future beyond knowledge, the quality that gives a touch of divinity to matter,” said Charles Lindbergh, the first solo pilot to fly nonstop across the Atlantic — a feat that was surely the culmination of his aviation career.
WORD FAMILY
culmination: culminations+/ culminate: culminated, culminates, culminating, culmination
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few days after the game, Harriott said that the victory was the “culmination of an extraordinary season.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Soccer clarified that Solo was suspended following a culmination of actions, and separately her contract was also terminated with the team.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It was supposed to be the culmination of an expansive prosecution of corruption and misconduct in the Los Angeles County jail system.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点，极点; 高潮; 极盛期; 完成，成就
分布：顶点(79%)，最高潮(21%)
→来自culminate,终结，顶点。
N-SING
终点;高潮;顶点
Something, especially something important, that is the culmination of an activity, process, or series of events happens at the end of it.
例：Their arrest was the culmination of an operation in which 120 other people were detained.他们的被捕标志着一场另有120人被拘留的行动的结束。
n. 顶点；高潮
 - height, summit, sky, peak, apex

Word: venom
Front: venom
[ˈvenəm] (托宝 12849/11968 -1)
Vocabulary: venom
(once / 1018 pages)
1n 2n
We’re pretty sure you wouldn’t drink a mysterious substance labeled “poisonous snake venom,” even if you didn’t know the meaning of venom. However, just to be clear, venom means "poison." Stay away from it.
Venom is poisonous fluid produced by animals such as snakes, spiders, and certain people. Okay — we take that last one back, sort of. Scientifically speaking, people don’t produce venom, but they can certainly do so in a metaphorical sense. That’s why venom can also be used to mean “malice” or “hatred.” If you encounter someone who seems full of venom, remember that kindness can be a good antidote. (So can a really insulting remark.)
WORD FAMILY
venom: envenom, venomous, venoms+/envenom: envenomed, envenoming, envenoms/ venomous: nonvenomous, venomously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Selling snake venom is profitable in parts of India, where keeping protected wildlife in captivity is illegal.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
One aria speaks of “you scum of the world,” of “dragon’s brood” spitting venom in the Saviour’s face.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The process starts by injecting an animal, often a horse, with a small amount of diluted venom from a particular snake.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （某些蛇、蝎子等分泌的）毒液; 恶意; <古>毒物
v. 放毒
分布：毒液(87%)，恶意(13%)
→来自拉丁语venenum,药物，春药，来自拉丁语venus,美丽，爱慕，渴求，词源同Venus,venereal,引申词义毒液，可能来自毒蛇的毒液会令人产生幻觉或古代确实用毒蛇毒液配制春药。
【记】ven＝wen吻，om＝room：吻房子的人一定是中毒了－毒素
noun uncountable
POISON 毒液
■a poisonous liquid which some snakes, insects, etc. produce when biting or stinging （蛇、昆虫等叮咬时分泌的）毒液
['venəm] noun uncountable
HATE 憎恨 literary
■the expression of feelings of hatred or extreme anger 愤恨，痛恨，怨恨
• He was shocked at the sheer venom of her reply. 对于她极度愤恨的回答他感到很震惊。
n. [毒物] 毒液；恶意
 - spite, malice
vt. 使有毒；放毒
 - envenom

Word: classy
Front: classy
[ˈklɑ:si] (12770/14582 -1)
Vocabulary: classy
(once / 9381 pages)
adj
On a first date, make a good impression. If you're the one choosing the location, pick a classy spot, one that's stylish and sophisticated — or that at least doesn't have a drive-through window.
Classy is a word used to describe people, places or things, that have a lot of "class." But a classy person isn't just someone who wears expensive clothes. Classy can also refer to someone who puts a high standard on the way he behaves. A classy gentleman open doors for ladies. A classy gesture is something someone does that reflects this high standard of behavior. Giving up your seat to a pregnant lady on the bus: a classy gesture.
WORD FAMILY
classy: classier, classiest, classily+/ class: classed, classes, classify, classing, classless, classy, subclass, superclass, underclass/classifiable: classifiably, unclassifiable/ classification: classifications, reclassification/classified: classifieds, unclassified/classifier: classifiers/ classify: classifiable, classification, classificatory, classified, classifier, classifies, classifying, declassify, reclassify /declassify: declassification, declassified, declassifying/reclassification: reclassifications/ reclassify: reclassified, reclassifying/subclass: subclasses/underclass: underclasses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Across the street, we climbed to the rooftop of a hotel and crashed a classy $50-a-plate dinner, with a band playing poolside.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
On how important it is to him that the next generation stays classy on and off the court:
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Romo said so himself in a classy statement, conceding that Prescott “earned the right to be our quarterback.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 优等的; 上等的; 〈俚〉漂亮的
级别：classier, classiest
分布：优等的(45%)，漂亮的(37%)，有品味的(18%)
→来自class,阶级，特指最高阶级。
US ['klæs.i] adjective
■stylish or fashionable 流行的；时髦的；豪华的
• That's one classy vehicle you've got there. 你那辆车真是太气派了。
adj. 优等的；上等的；漂亮的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute

Word: intravenous
Front: intravenous
[ˌɪntrəˈvi:nəs] (12812/10864 -1)
Vocabulary: intravenous
(once / 14924 pages)
adj
If you're severely dehydrated, your nurse will rig up an intravenous drip to get liquid into you: she'll skip your mouth and plug directly into your veins.
Intravenous can be broken down to intra-, meaning "within" or "via," and venous, meaning "of the veins." Often in hospitals you will be given water or nutrients from intravenous drips — you've surely seen these on TV if not at the hospital: plastic bags of liquid connected to a tube going into someone's arm. It's a way to get needed stuff into your body without waiting for the digestive system to handle it.
WORD FAMILY
intravenous: intravenously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He needed intravenous fluids to combat a virus early in the week.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In other countries, methadone programs are used both to treat and to monitor patients infected by intravenous needles.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In other countries, methadone programs are used both to treat and to monitor patients infected by the sharing of intravenous needles.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 进入静脉的; 静脉注射的
分布：静脉注射的(70%)，静脉的(30%)
→intra-,在内，-ven,静脉，词源同vein,venous.
[ˌɪn.trə'vi:.nəs] (abbreviation IV)
adjective
■into or connected to a vein 进入静脉的；静脉的
• intravenous feeding/fluids 静脉进食／输液
• an intravenous drip/injection. 静脉滴注／注射
• Intravenous drug users are at particular risk of contracting the disease. 使用静脉注射的吸毒者特别容易感染这种病。

Word: primacy
Front: primacy
[ˈpraɪməsi] (12762/10640 -1)
Vocabulary: primacy
(once / 7314 pages)
n
Something with primacy has first importance. If you are deciding who to take on an all-expenses-paid trip up the Amazon, the quality of being chill and fun might take primacy over the number of years you've been friends.
Primacy comes from primary, meaning first, and it is like a condition of always having first place. If you are the teacher’s pet, you might have primacy over your classmates. You can also talk about primacy within a field. Madonna, Beyonce, and Shakira have all at one time or another achieved primacy in the field of pop music. Keep practicing, maybe you'll be next.
WORD FAMILY
primacy: primacies+/ prime: primacy, primed, primely, primer, primes, primest, priming/ primer: primers/priming: primings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, they are conservatives who share a core belief in the primacy of the nation-state.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The majority of the reviews note the primacy and poetry of Wilson’s words.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Such is the primacy of the Kardashian clan in popular culture that no recap of the year would be complete without them.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 首位，第一位; 卓越; （英国教会）大主教的职务
分布：首位(48%)，第一(30%)，卓越(22%)
→来自prime,第一的，主要的，-acy,抽象名词后缀。
主要地位;重要性(prim+acy)[prim=first,chief表示"第一,主要的"]
['praɪ.mə.si] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of being the most important thing 第一位，首要性
• The government insists on the primacy of citizens' rights. 政府坚持把公民权利放在首位。
n. 首位；卓越；大主教的职位
 - predominance, preeminence

Word: baby-sit

Word: credit-card

Word: rustle
Front: rustle
[ˈrʌsl] (宝 12778/15551 -1)
Vocabulary: rustle
(once / 438 pages)
1vn 2v
A rustle can be the dry sounds made by papers rubbing together or leaves crackling. It can also be the act of searching, stealing, finding food, or making rustle sounds.
Rustle has a whole lotta meanings! Walking home late at night, you hear a rustle behind you. Maybe it’s just leaves, but you’re spooked, so you rustle around in your knapsack, searching for a weapon. You turn, and it’s just a hungry friend, so you bring him home and rustle up some food from your cupboards. As your friend leaves, he rustles all your cows and takes them away.
WORD FAMILY
rustle: rustled, rustler, rustles, rustling +/rustler: rustlers/ rustling: rustlingly, rustlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A gentle breeze rustled palm trees Wednesday as the president’s motorcade traveled from his Kailua vacation home to a nearby Marine Corps base gym.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Only occasionally do they pause, perhaps hearing a light rustle on the fallen leaves or glimpsing something scampering among the dark green foliage.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But the 43-year-old challenger is still trying to rustle up support ahead of the morning vote.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 发出沙沙的声音
n. 沙沙声; 急忙; 飒飒声
时态：rustled, rustling, rustles
分布：沙沙声(38%)，飒飒声(18%)，发出沙沙声(18%)，瑟瑟声(10%)，急速弄到(8%)，沙沙作响地移动(8%)
verb
MAKE NOISE 发出声音
intransitive or transitive
■If things such as paper or leaves rustle, or if you rustle them, they move about and make a soft, dry sound 使（纸或树叶等）沙沙作响，使发出轻轻的摩擦声；使沙沙作响地移动
• The leaves rustled in the breeze. 树叶在微风中飒飒作响。
• He rustled his papers (= noisily moved them about) to hide his embarrassment. 他哗啦哗啦地翻动文件，以此来掩饰他的尴尬。
[rʌsl] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive mainly US
■to steal farm animals 偷（牧场的牲畜）
[rʌsl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rustle sth up informal
■to make something quickly, usually a meal from the food that is available 很快制作；仓促凑成；（通常指用现有的食物）凑合做成一顿饭
• Give me a minute and I'll rustle something up for supper. 给我一点时间，我去随便做点晚饭。
[rʌsl] noun only singular
■the sound made by the movement of things such as leaves or paper 纸或树叶等沙沙作响
n. 沙沙声；急忙；飒飒声
 - hurry, froufrou

Word: pre-emptive
Front: pre-emptive
[priˈemptɪv] None
Back: adj. 先发制人的；抢先的
分布：先发制人的(79%)，优先购买的(21%)
→来自pre-emption,先行购买，-ive,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
[ˌpri:'emp.tɪv] slightly formal
adjective
■describes something that is done before other people can act, especially to prevent them from doing something else 抢先的；（尤指）先发制人的
• The Treasury has decided to raise interest rates as a pre-emptive measure against inflation. 财政部决定加息，以此作为一项防止通货膨胀的预防性措施。
• The prime minister authorized a pre-emptive air strike against the rebels. 首相批准了对叛乱分子进行空袭，先发制人。

Word: unwittingly
Front: unwittingly
[ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli] (12784/11194)
Back: adv. 不知情地; 无意地; 不经意地; 不知不觉地
分布：不知不觉地(60%)，无意地(40%)
ADJ
不知情的；不知不觉的；无意的
If you describe a person or their actions as unwitting, you mean that the person does something or is involved in something without realizing it.
例：We're unwitting victims of the system...我们都是该系统的不知情的受害者。
例：It had been an unwitting blunder on Blair's part.它曾是布莱尔的无心之失。
adv. 不知不觉地；不知情地；不经意地
 - unknowingly, unawares

Word: fondly
Front: fondly
[ˈfɒndli] (12781/15031)
Back: adv. 亲爱地; 深情地; 天真地; 盲目轻信地
分布：轻信地(34%)，喜爱地(33%)，深情地(33%)
US ['fɑ:nd-] adverb
LIKING 喜爱
■in a way that shows love or great liking 喜爱地，喜欢地
• He smiled fondly at the children. 他慈爱地对着孩子们微笑。
UK ['fɒnd.li] US ['fɑ:nd-] adverb
HOPING 希望
■hoping that something will be true when it probably will not 希望某些可能性不大的事情发生
• She fondly believed that he might come. 她天真地相信他也许会来。
adv. 天真地；怜爱地；温柔地
 - gently, puerilely

Word: cypress
Front: cypress
[ˈsaɪprəs] (宝 11248/24092 -1)
Back: n. 柏属植物（原产北美、欧、亚），柏树; 柏树枝（用作哀悼的标志）; 似柏树树种; 柏木：这些树的木头
分布：丝柏(67%)，丝柏木(33%)
→词源不详。来自Cyprus, 或相反。
【记】sy＝see，press（v 压），看上去有被压的感觉。想象一下迎客松的样子。
noun countable
■a type of conifer (= tree that never loses its leaves) 柏树；柏属植物

Word: dog
Front: dog
[dɒg] (中高 753/819 -K4)
Vocabulary: dog
(once / 43 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n
A dog is a member of the Canine genus, sometimes found wild but often found curled up on the couch when you're not at home.
A dog is an animal of the genus Canis, probably descended from wolves, but in some cases more like teddy bears. Animal names are really old words, and dog is old enough that no one knows where it's from. We also call ugly ladies and rotten gentlemen "dogs," so be careful not to call someone "a dog" when you mean, "what up, dog." It's also a verb: to dog (or to hound) someone is to follow them around relentlessly.
WORD FAMILY
dog: dogged, dogging, doglike, dogs+/ dogged: doggeder, doggedly, doggedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Among them were cool kids who looked like cool kids the world over, tuned in to that teenage frequency, a dog whistle with global reach.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The project to expand production from the Mad Dog oil field off the coast of Louisiana has faced years of delays.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
A search dog found the carpet used to carry the pilot away, but not him.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 狗; 蹩脚货; 丑女人; 卑鄙小人
v. 困扰; 跟踪
时态：dogged, dogging, dogs
分布：狗(93%)，跟踪(2%)，家伙(2%)，卑鄙的人(2%)，没用的东西(1%)
→词源不详，神秘词。
n.狗,雄兽vt.尾随,跟踪It's a female dog.这是个雌狗.
US [dɑ:g] noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
 ESSENTIAL
■a common animal with four legs, especially kept by people as a pet or to hunt or guard things （尤指当作宠物或用来打猎、看护东西的）狗，犬
• my pet dog 我的宠物狗
• wild dogs 野狗
• dog food 狗粮
• We could hear dogs barking in the distance. 我们可以听到远处的狗叫声。
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
PERSON 人 slang
■a man who is unpleasant or not to be trusted 讨厌的家伙，惹人烦的家伙；失信者
• He tried to steal my money, the dirty dog. 这个无赖，他想偷我的钱。
■offensive
■a woman who is not attractive 丑女
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
a dog in the manger
■someone who keeps something that they do not want in order to prevent someone else from getting it 占着茅坑不拉屎的人
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
dog-eat-dog disapproving
■describes a situation in which people will do anything to be successful, even if what they do harms other people 不择手段；冷酷无情的竞争
• It's a dog-eat-dog world out there. 那是一个竞争残酷的世界。
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
a dog's breakfast UK informal
■something or someone that looks extremely untidy, or something that is very badly done 乱七八糟的东西；一团糟的人
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
a dog's life
■a very unhappy and unpleasant life 悲惨的生活
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
done up/ dressed up like a dog's dinner UK informal
■wearing very formal or decorative clothes in a way that attracts attention 衣冠楚楚；打扮得花枝招展
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
Every dog has its day. saying
■said to emphasize that everyone is successful or happy at some time in their life 人人都有走运时。
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
Give a dog a bad name. UK saying
■said when someone has been accused of behaving badly in the past, with the result that people expect them to behave like that in the future 坏名声洗刷不掉。
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
go to the dogs
■If a country or organization is going to the dogs, it is becoming very much less successful than it was in the past. （国家、机构）大不如前，衰落，衰败
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
Let sleeping dogs lie. saying
■said to warn someone that they should not talk about a bad situation that most people have forgotten about 过去的事就让它过去吧；不要再去揭伤疤
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
put on the dog US informal
■to act as if you are more important than you are 拿出派头，装腔作势
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
Why keep a dog and bark yourself ? UK saying
■said when you want to know why someone would do something themselves when they already pay someone else to do that thing 既然花钱找人代劳了，为何还亲自动手？
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] noun countable
You can't teach an old dog new tricks. saying
■said to mean that it is very difficult to teach someone new skills or to change their habits or character 年老难学艺；本性难移
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-)
FOLLOW 跟随
■to follow someone closely and continuously 跟随；跟踪
• Reporters dogged him for answers. 记者们跟着他让他回答问题。
⇒ See also dogged
UK [dɒg] US [dɑ:g] verb transitive (-gg-)
PROBLEM 问题
■to cause difficulties 困扰，阻碍
• Technical problems dogged our trip from the outset. 技术问题从旅行一开始就一直困扰着我们。
n. 狗；丑女人；卑鄙的人；雄兽；坏蛋
 - insect, chien
vt. 跟踪；尾随
 - shadow, tail after
adj. 狗的；雄的；劣等的
 - jack, dogly
adv. 非常；彻底地
 - extremely, badly, thoroughly, highly, entirely, greatly, completely

Word: lowland
Front: lowland
[ˈləʊlənd] (12819/9114)
Back: n. 低地
adj. 低地的
分布：低地(80%)，苏格兰低地(10%)，低地的(10%)
US ['loʊ-] noun countable usually plural
■flat land that is at the same level as the sea （与海平面持平的）低地
• From the lowlands of the south to the rugged peaks in the north, Derbyshire has something for everyone. 从南部的低洼平地到北部的险峻高山，在德比郡每个人都能找到自己喜欢的风景。
• These plants are mainly found in lowland areas/regions. 这些植物主要生长在低洼地带。
n. [地理] 低地；苏格兰低地
 - Lallan
adj. [地理] 低地的；苏格兰低地的
 - Lallan

Word: grizzly
Front: grizzly
['grɪzlɪ] (12822/33645)
Vocabulary: grizzly
(once / 1771 pages)
1n 2adj
A grizzly is a large North American species of bear also known as a silvertip bear. When you go camping and hiking in the western United States, park rangers might teach you what to do if you see a grizzly.
The grizzly bear's formal Latin name, Ursus arctos horribilis, came from confusion between grizzly and grisly, or "horrible." Grizzly bears are known for being solitary and having brown fur tipped in white or gray. The adjective grizzly probably arose from these "grizzled" or gray-colored hairs, since it describes appearing aged or old, especially because of graying hair.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
grisly / gristly / grizzly
Blood, guts, and man-eaters, oh my! Feint of heart turn back now! Grisly means relating to horror or disgust, gristly means related to gristle or cartilage, and grizzly is a big ol' bear. That can eat you.
Grisly describes blood and guts, horror movie fodder, something totally repulsive. It shows up in these blood-curdling examples:
The grisly massacre — some bodies were grotesquely mutilated and defiled — shocked the country and made global headlines. (Time)
Television video showed a heavily damaged building and a grisly scene inside, with clothing and prayer mats scattered across a blood-splattered floor. (New York Times)
Gristly is gross, too, but it means related to gristle or cartilage, that yucky hard stuff in a chicken leg, for example, or the tough chewy part in any meat. Or person. Here are some gristly examples to gnaw on:
In a ham sandwich is a cold, pink punch in the face, an angry thing marbled with gristly neglect. (Guardian)
This is surrounded by a sheath of connective tissue, at first merely membranous, later becoming cartilaginous or gristly. (John Mason Tyler)
Grizzly refers to a species of brown bear found in North America. Grizzly can also refer to the color gray or gray hair: Grizzlies get their name from the white hairs that grow in their brown coats, making them look grizzled (streaked with gray).
He makes a face like a threatened grizzly bear: mouth wide open, snout muscles flexed, teeth bared. (New York Times)
All in all, if you're going out on a bear hunt, avoid grisly, gristly, and even grizzly bears. Hunt for teddy bears instead.
WORD FAMILY
grizzly: grizzlier, grizzlies, grizzliest+/grizzle: grizzled, grizzles, grizzling, grizzly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Facing the Memphis Grizzlies on Tuesday, that lineup might return.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Golden Grizzlies lead didn’t drop below five points the rest of the way and their advantage hit 14 with 40 seconds left.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The government alerted them to the "Grizzly Steppe" code on Thursday.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 灰白头发的
n. 北美洲灰熊
级别：grizzlier, grizzliest
分布：灰熊(92%)，格筛(5%)，灰白的(3%)
N-COUNT
灰熊；银光熊
A grizzly or a grizzly bear is a large, fierce, greyish-brown bear.
例：...two grizzly bear cubs.两只灰熊幼崽
ADJ-GRADED
（小孩）不断啼哭的，耍脾气的
If children are grizzly, they complain or cry a lot, often because they are unwell or tired.
例：All babies need quiet times on their own and get grizzly if they've had too much stimulation.婴儿都需要自己安静地呆一会儿，如果受到太多的刺激他们就会大声啼哭。
adj. 灰色的
 - grey, gray, cinereous

Word: epoch
Front: epoch
[ˈi:pɒk] (研六托雅宝 12794/15275 -1)
Vocabulary: epoch
(once / 544 pages)
n
An epoch is a period of time marked by certain characteristics: you might describe several peaceful decades in a nation's history as an epoch of peace.
In geologic time, an epoch is a division of a period, and an age is a division of an epoch. An epoch can also mean the beginning of a new and important period of history, or an event that marks such a period: an epoch in the world of ballet. The noun epoch is from New Latin epocha, from Greek epochē "pause, check, fixed time.
WORD FAMILY
epoch: epochal, epochs+/ epochal: epochally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The song from 1988 reminds me of the necessity of positivity as a force in this relentless epoch of fear.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It boasts lakes and streams dating from the Pleistocene Epoch, 100 species of migratory birds and an active fishery.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Epochs demarcate time on the order of a few million years.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 纪元; 时期; 新时代; 世
分布：时代(64%)，时期(24%)，新纪元(10%)，划时代的大事(2%)
→来自希腊文epekhein, 停止，重新开始。来自epi-, 在上，-ekh, 持，握，词源同scheme, school. 引申文新的时代，纪元。参照汉语的改朝换代。
n.新纪元;时代;时期;【地质】世,纪,期The scorched couch is put in the porch of epoch.被烤焦睡椅放在时代门廊内.
US [-pɑ:k] (plural epochs)
noun countable
■a long period of time, especially one in which there are new developments and great change （尤指出现新进步和大变革的）时代，纪元，时期
• The president said that his country was moving into a new epoch which would be one of lasting peace. 总统说他的国家正在步入一个长治久安的新时代。
times, epoch, age, era, period
这组词都有“时期、时代”的意思，其区别是：
times: 侧重某一特定时期。
epoch: 正式用词，侧重指以某重大事件或巨大变化为起点的新的历史时期。
age: 常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期。
era: 书面语用词，指历史上的纪元、年代，可与epoch和age互换，侧重时期的延续性和整个历程。
period: 最普通用词，概念广泛，时间长短不限，既可指任何一个历史时期，又可指个人或自然界的一个发展阶段。
n. [地质] 世；新纪元；新时代；时间上的一点
 - new age, New-Era

Word: rocking
Front: rocking
['rɒkɪŋ] (12833/18954)
Back: adj. 摇摆的，摇动的
v. （使）来回摆动( rock的现在分词 ); 使震惊，使受震动
分布：摇摆的(54%)，摇动的(35%)，动词rock的现在分词形式.(11%)
N-UNCOUNT
岩石;石头
Rock is the hard substance which the Earth is made of.
例：The hills above the valley are bare rock...山谷上方的小山全是光秃秃的石头。
例：A little way below the ridge was an outcrop of rock that made a rough shelter.山脊下方不远处有一块露出地面的岩石，大致形成了一个掩蔽处。
N-COUNT
巨石;岩石;礁石
A rock is a large piece of rock that sticks up out of the ground or the sea, or that has broken away from a mountain or a cliff.
例：She sat cross-legged on the rock.她盘腿坐在那块巨大的岩石上。
例：...the sound of the sea crashing against the rocks...海浪冲击岩石的声音
N-COUNT
石块;小石头;石子
A rock is a piece of rock that is small enough for you to pick up.
例：She bent down, picked up a rock and threw it into the trees.她弯腰捡起一块石子，扔进了树丛中。
V-ERG
(使)来回摆动;(使)左右摇晃
When something rocks or when you rock it, it moves slowly and regularly backwards and forwards or from side to side.
例：His body rocked from side to side with the train...他的身体随着火车左右摇晃。
例：He stood a few moments, rocking back and forwards on his heels...他站了一会儿，踮着脚跟前后摇晃。
V-ERG
（使）震动;（使）摇晃
If an explosion or an earthquake rocks a building or an area, it causes the building or area to shake. You can also say that the building or area rocks.
例：Three people were injured yesterday when an explosion rocked one of Britain's best known film studios...昨天，一起爆炸使得英国最著名的电影制片厂之一发生强烈震动，导致3人受伤。
例：...a country that's rocked by dozens of earthquakes every year...每年遭受十几次地震袭击的国家
VERB
使震惊;使震动;使不安
If an event or a piece of news rocks a group or society, it shocks them or makes them feel less secure.
例：His death rocked the fashion business.他的去世震惊了整个时装界。
例：...the latest scandal to rock the monarchy...震惊了整个王国的最新丑闻
N-UNCOUNT
摇滚乐
Rock is loud music with a strong beat that is usually played and sung by a small group of people using instruments such as electric guitars and drums.
例：He once told an interviewer that he didn't even like rock music.他曾告诉一位采访者，他甚至都不喜欢摇滚乐。
例：...a rock concert.摇滚音乐会
N-UNCOUNT
（常在英国海滨城镇销售的）棒形硬糖
Rock is a sweet that is made in long, hard sticks and is often sold in towns by the sea in Britain.
例：...a stick of rock.一条硬棒糖
PHRASE
左右为难;进退维谷
If you are caught between a rock and a hard place, you are in a difficult situation where you have to choose between two equally unpleasant courses of action.
PHRASE
加冰块的
If you have an alcoholic drink such as whisky on the rocks, you have it with ice cubes in it.
例：...a Scotch on the rocks.加冰块的苏格兰威士忌
PHRASE
（婚姻）濒临破裂;（企业等）濒临失败;岌岌可危
If something such as a marriage or a business is on the rocks, it is experiencing very severe difficulties and looks likely to end very soon.
例：She confided to her mother six months ago that her marriage was on the rocks...6个月前，她向母亲透露自己的婚姻已经岌岌可危。
例：Our film industry is on the rocks.我们的电影业困难重重。
adj. 摇摆的，摇动的
 - beaty, awag
n. 摇摆；振动
 - vibration, swing

Word: microbial
Front: microbial
[maɪ'krəʊbɪəl] (12867/28019)
Back: adj. 微生物的，由细菌引起的
分布：微生物的(87%)，由细菌引起的(13%)

Word: pious
Front: pious
[ˈpaɪəs] (六托宝 12776/10165 -1)
Vocabulary: pious
(once / 274 pages)
adj
If someone is deeply religious and visibly follows all the moral and ethical codes of his religion, he is pious. Don't become a priest if you're not prepared to live a pious life.
Pious comes from the Latin pius, which means dutiful. It doesn't always have to be used to talk about organized religion. If someone believes deeply in something, and lets everyone see it through their behavior, then they are pious, whether they're pious Christians or pious environmentalists. It differs from its synonym devout, which implies deep religious sentiment, whereas pious emphasizes the public display of feeling.
WORD FAMILY
pious: impious, piousest, piously, piousness+/ impious: impiously, impiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Marissen discerns a theological message: the Jews’ curse is borne by all and, on pious reflection, turns into a blessing.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
She dares him to judge her, and when he does, she strikes back, dismissing his naïve, pious criticisms of her turbo-capitalist lifestyle.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He professes to be fighting decadence because he is a pious Muslim.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 虔诚的，信神的; 伪善的; 尽责的，孝敬的; 可赞的，好心的
分布：虔诚的(85%)，伪善的(9%)，不太可能实现的(6%)
→来自拉丁语pius,尽责的，忠诚的，虔诚的，来自pei,崇拜，敬佩，词源同piety,pity.词义贬义化为伪善的。
adjective
RELIGIOUS 信奉宗教的
■strongly believing in religion, and living in a way which shows this belief （对宗教）虔诚的
• She is a pious follower of the faith, never missing her prayers. 她是个虔诚的信徒，从来不耽误祷告。
['paɪ.əs] adjective
PRETENDING 假装的 disapproving
■pretending to have sincere feelings 假虔诚的；伪善的；虚伪的
• Quit the pious apologies - I know you don't really care. 别假惺惺地道歉了——我知道你并非真的在乎。
pious hope UK
■something which is unlikely to happen 不可能实现的希望，不切实际的希望
adj. 虔诚的；敬神的；可嘉的；尽责的
 - religious, good

Word: limbo
Front: limbo
[ˈlɪmbəʊ] (宝 12798/14647 -1)
Vocabulary: limbo
(once / 3785 pages)
1n 2n
No, this isn’t the dance where you try to squeeze under a pole by leaning backwards, this limbo refers to an imaginary place for lost or forgotten things. It’s where your socks go when you lose them in the dryer.
Limbo is originally a Roman Catholic term used to describe a place for infants who die before baptism. In common speech limbo can be used in much the same way as “gray area.” It’s a place where nothing is clear or certain. When the law isn’t clear on a specific issue, then that issue is in “legal limbo.” If there is an election that is so close that no one knows who won, that’s “political limbo.”
WORD FAMILY
limbo: limbos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goff was down there, somewhere, sacked by giants, handcuffed by his coaches, left lying in the limbo of a lost autumn.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Like the Fontainebleau, however, Emerald River is still in limbo.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
How to describe the need sometimes to belong, the wish for a counterweight to life in limbo?
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [宗]地狱的外缘; 不稳定，中间状态; 监狱; 林波舞（西印度群岛的一种舞）
分布：拘禁(67%)，中间或不定的状态(33%)
→词源不详，可能来自limber, 柔软的，灵活的，用来指西印度群岛的一种舞蹈，舞者需后仰，且越来越低，引申词义处于不定状态。limbo 地狱的边缘
【记】原指地狱的边境：不能进入天堂的正直无辜的灵魂所在地，处于天堂和地狱的中间过渡状态。读：凌波（微步），段誉的绝技，姿势摇摇晃晃－不安定状态。
US [-boʊ] noun
UNCERTAINTY 不确定
uncountable
■an uncertain situation that you cannot control and in which there is no progress or improvement 悬而未决；停滞不前
• Until we've got official permission to go ahead with the plans we're in limbo. 在该计划得到正式批准之前，我们一直处于停滞状态。
UK ['lɪm.bəʊ] US [-boʊ] noun
DANCE 舞蹈
the limbo
■a dance from the West Indies in which the dancer bends backwards to go under a low bar which is made lower each time he or she goes under it 林波舞（源自西印度群岛，舞者向后弯腰钻过逐次降低的横杆）
n. 监狱；地狱的边境；放置丢弃物的场所；处于中间的或不定的状态
 - prison, jail

Word: astound
Front: astound
[əˈstaʊnd] (托雅宝 12802/18466)
Vocabulary: astound
(once / 720 pages)
v
Astound means to amaze. Savants, or those with extreme brain abnormalities, can astound people by their ability to play Beethoven sonatas on the piano after having heard them only once.
Astound has its roots in the verb astonish, originally meaning to stun, and the idea of surprise remains wrapped up in the word. Things like over-the-top fireworks, believable magicians, and the miracle of life tend to astound. But if you lick all your favorite cookies to keep anyone else from taking them––your rudeness could astound as well.
WORD FAMILY
astound: astounded, astounding, astounds+/astounded: astoundedly/ astounding: astoundingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suddenly, he said something personal about himself that astounded me.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We’ve lost governorships and state legislatures at a rate that is pretty astounding.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carsten Kammlott celebrates in jubilation, astounded at what he’s just done, after impeccably meeting a cross from the right flank.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使震惊，使大吃一惊
时态：astounded, astounding, astounds
分布：使惊骇(80%)，使大吃一惊(20%)
→as来自前缀ex- 变体，此处表强调。词根ton, 雷，拟声词，同thunder. 指如被雷击。缀生字母d, 同sound.
【记】a一个，stound＝sound声。大叫一声－使震惊
verb transitive
■to surprise or shock someone very much 使震惊；使惊骇
• The news astounded me. 听到这个消息，我非常震惊。
stun, astound, astonish, surprise, amaze, startle
这组词都有“使惊愕，使惊讶，使惊奇”的意思，其区别是：
stun: 语气最强，指极度惊讶而目瞪口呆，不知所措。
astound: 语气强，指由于事情令人难以置信或实在罕见而使人感到震惊。
astonish: 语气较强，指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到惊奇。
surprise: 普通用词，多指因未预料或意外的事而引起的惊奇之感。
amaze: 语气较强，指因认为不可能或极少可能发生情况的出现而感到惊讶或迷惑不解。
startle: 指因突然的惊吓或意料不到的刺激等而使人惊跳或震惊。
vt. 使惊骇；使震惊
 - shock, appall

Word: English-speaking
Front: English-speaking
[ˈɪŋglɪʃ ˈspi:kɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 说英语的
分布：说英语的(100%)

Word: sullen
Front: sullen
[ˈsʌlən] (六托宝 12817/14688 -1)
Vocabulary: sullen
(once / 408 pages)
adj
A bad-tempered or gloomy person is sullen. Sullen people are down in the dumps.
If someone is dark, dour, glum, moody, morose, or sour, they're also sullen. Teenagers are often described as sullen, especially when they're being grumpy and silent. You often hear about "a sullen silence," which is when someone is quiet, but obviously in a lousy mood. If a sullen person is talking, they're probably not saying much, and they might not be doing much beyond grunting. A sullen person isn't much fun to be around.
WORD FAMILY
sullen: sullener, sullenest, sullenly, sullenness
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was still, sullen, her voice low, remembering.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
In search of merry and bright drinking companions in this dark and sullen winter?
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Look at their on-ice product, which often seems less a joyful celebration and more a sullen headache.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 愠怒的，不高兴的; （天气）阴沉的; 悲哀的; 行动缓慢的
分布：愠怒的(40%)，阴沉的(40%)，闷闷不乐的(20%)
→来自拉丁语 solus,单独的，词源同 sole.-en,形容词后缀。引申词义孤独的，寂寞的，闷闷不 乐的。
【记】sul＝sol孤独，len：因为孤独所以忧郁。
adjective
■angry and unwilling to smile or be pleasant to people 愠怒的；闷闷不乐的，绷着脸的
• His daughters stared back at him with an expression of sullen resentment. 他的女儿们也满脸愠怒地狠狠回瞪他。
• literary She looked up at the sullen (= dark and unpleasant) sky and shuddered. 她抬头看了看阴沉沉的天空，不由得打了个冷颤。
adj. 愠怒的，不高兴的；（天气）阴沉的；沉闷的
 - heavy, mumpish

Word: ale
Front: ale
[eɪl] (12830/6628 -1)
Vocabulary: ale
(once / 825 pages)
n
Ale is a particular type of beer. Ale would be a good thing to order if you ever visit a pub in Britain.
Ale is yeast-fermented beer, brewed with sweet-tasting malted barley, and often with hops, to balance the sweetness with a more bitter flavor. In Britain, ale is considered to be any beer "other than lager, stout, or porter," while in the US ale is distinguished by the style of fermentation. The Old English origin of ale is ealu, "ale or beer." The Proto-Indo-European root has an implied meaning of "sorcery, magic, and intoxication."
WORD FAMILY
ale: ales
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Black Horse is listed on the National Inventory of Historical Pub Interiors as a classic Victorian era real ale pub.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
When Los Angeles Ale Works opens in mid-January, it will be the first brewery and tasting room in Hawthorne.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This is a dark, hoppy ale worth keeping in your fridge until spring.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 浓啤酒; （英国产）麦芽酒; （英国乡村的）麦芽酒节
分布：麦芽酒(85%)，乡下啤酒节(15%)
→来自PIE *alu, 苦的。词源同alum, 矾土。
noun countable or uncountable
■any of various types of beer, typically one that is dark and bitter 麦芽啤酒
• brown ale 棕色麦芽啤酒
n. 麦芽酒
 - yill

Word: debut
Front: debut
['deɪbju:] (宝 4455/4249 -3)
Vocabulary: debut
(once / 619 pages)
nv
A debut is a first appearance, a launch, or public introduction. So before you make your big debut at the office, check and make sure you don't have spinach in your teeth.
Perhaps you’ve heard of debutantes making their official debut into society, or actresses and actors making their debut on stage. A fun fact: debut and premiere are often thought to be interchangeable, but they’re not. A debut, as you now know, is a first public appearance. But a premiere, while also a “first,” isn't necessarily live. When a movie opens or an interview is broadcast for the first time, they're called premieres.
WORD FAMILY
debut: debuted, debuting, debuts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Seahawks: Somehow they stunk it up against Rams in Week 2, though it was LA debut for Rams.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In his playoff debut on Saturday, Ferrell never seemed far from the football.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To coincide with Sakari’s public debut, the Buffalo Zoo also is announcing the return of the special winter admission price of $5 per person.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 初次露面，初次表演，首次出场，处女秀
v. 初次表演，初次登台
adj. 首张的，首场的，首次的
时态：debuted, debuting, debuts
分布：初次登场(61%)，首次露面(26%)，首次推出(13%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-but, 击，打，目标，词源同beat, butt. 即打向目标的，词义引申富家女子首次亮相，登上社交舞台。
【记】de去掉，but。去掉but？导演Z（平静）：你可以上台了。女演员F：but我还没准备好呢？Z（有点儿烦）：哪那么多事儿呀，快点儿！F：but我这可是第一次！Z（强忍）：谁没有第一次呀，快！F：but…，Z（已经怒了）：哪XX那么多but呀，全都给我de掉，再不上去我就X人了！！！
【参】debutante（n 初进社交界的少女）
【反】farewell performance（告别演出）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■when someone performs or presents something to the public for the first time 首演，首次公演
• She made her professional stage debut in Swan Lake. 她在《天鹅湖》中完成了她的首次职业舞台演出。
• He started as an actor, making his debut as a director in 1990. 他一开始时当演员，1990年首次担任导演。
• her debut (= first) album 她的首张专辑。
['deɪ.bju] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to perform or be introduced to the public for the first time 首演，首次登台；首次亮相
• The programme debuted last year to great acclaim. 这个节目去年首次演出就受到了广泛赞扬。

Word: shiver
Front: shiver
[ˈʃɪvə(r)] (研四六雅 6211/5205 -2)
Vocabulary: shiver
(once / 276 pages)
vn
People shiver, or shake and tremble, when they're very cold. You might shiver in the snow if you forget to wear your winter coat.
While you are most likely to shiver in the cold, you might also shiver from excitement or even fear. The involuntary shudder our bodies make in chilly weather is a response meant to raise our body temperature to a safe level. Shiver was originally chiveren, from the Old English ceafl, or "jaw." This is thought to be connected to the chattering your teeth do when you shiver.
WORD FAMILY
shiver: shivered, shivering, shivers, shivery+/shivering: shiveringingly, shiveringly, shiverings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I shiver in my paper gown, sitting near a table with glossy magazines.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Klopp, meanwhile, simply looked frozen through as he shivered on the touchline.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Drenched and shivering, there were no obvious signs of serious physical trauma.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 发抖，颤抖; 碎块，破片
vi. 战栗，发抖
vt. 由于航行时太靠近风而使（帆）颤动
时态：shivered, shivering, shivers
分布：发抖(40%)，哆嗦(28%)，打碎(15%)，颤动(9%)，碎块(5%)，冷颤(3%)
v./n.战栗,发抖From the fact, the shivering driver derives that the diver may thrive on river.发抖的司机从这个事实得出结论说跳水员可以靠河流繁荣.
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■When people or animals shiver, they shake slightly because they feel cold, ill or frightened （因寒冷、疾病或恐惧而）轻微颤抖，发抖
• The poor dog - it's shivering! 可怜的狗——它在发抖！
• He shivered with cold in his thin cotton shirt. 他只穿着薄薄的棉布衬衫，冻得瑟缩发抖。
UK ['ʃɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■when your body shakes slightly because you are frightened, cold or ill （因受惊、寒冷或生病而出现的）颤栗；颤抖
• I felt/gave a shiver as I looked out at the dark expanse of sea. 看着外面漆黑无边的大海，我感到身上一阵颤抖。
the shivers [plural]
■when you shiver because you are ill （生病时出现的）发抖，寒颤
• She's aching and she's got the shivers, so I've sent her to bed. 她浑身疼痛，直打寒颤，所以我叫她躺到床上去了。
■informal
■when you feel frightened of someone or something （恐惧时的）颤抖，发抖
• I don't like him - he gives me the shivers. 我不喜欢他——他让我感到害怕。
UK ['ʃɪv.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
shiver (up and) down your spine informal
■a frightened or excited feeling （因恐惧或兴奋而）脊背发凉，战栗
• At its most terrifying, his writing sends shivers up and down my spine. 读到他作品中最恐怖的部分时，我不由得脊背发凉。
• Whenever I hear that music, I feel a shiver down my spine. 无论何时听到那段音乐，我都会感到一阵寒颤。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 颤抖，战栗；碎片
 - chip, debris
vi. 颤抖；哆嗦；打碎
 - quake, judder
vt. 颤抖；打碎
 - quaver, to break up

Word: algebra
Front: algebra
[ˈældʒɪbrə] (高四六托 12790/16477)
Vocabulary: algebra
(once / 2638 pages)
n
If the math equation you're doing has letters or other symbols that stand for numbers, you're likely doing algebra. You probably took your first algebra class early in your high school years.
The noun algebra comes from Arabic word al jebr, meaning "reunion of broken parts," which appeared in the title of mathematician al-Khwarizmi's famous book on equations. In algebra you use basic arithmetic like addition and subtraction, but the quantities you're working with are often unknown — that's why they're represented by letters. You might remember solving algebra equations that look like this: a(b + c) = ab + ac. The letters a, b, and c all represent a number.
WORD FAMILY
algebra: algebraic, algebraical, algebraist, algebras+/algebraic: algebraically/algebraist: algebraists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Christ taught algebra to juniors and seniors at South Plainfield High School for two years.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It’s complex, involves a lot of formal logic and algebra, and is mostly useless.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
In high schools, intermediate algebra is often part of courses called “algebra 2.”
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 代数学，代数
分布：代数学(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语al jabr. al, 定冠词。-gebra同 jabr, 接骨，喻指计算，阿拉伯数学家Khwarizmi的数学论文标题。
noun uncountable
■a part of mathematics in which signs and letters represent numbers 代数

Word: layer
Front: layer
[ˈleɪə(r)] (研四六托雅 2168/2248 -K3)
Vocabulary: layer
(once / 357 pages)
1nv 2n
The noun layer describes a thin piece that's stacked on other thin pieces, like a layer of noodles in a lasagna dish. You can also apply a layer of paint to make your wall color more vivid.
Layer can also be used figuratively to describe an abstract thickness or barrier. Celebrities are known to surround themselves with managers, agents, stylists, and friends — forming a layer between them and the prying public. Layer can also be a verb. You can layer your bed with blankets on a cold night, as a layer of ice forms on the sidewalks and streets outside.
WORD FAMILY
layer: interlayer, layered, layering, layers+/interlayer: interlayers/ lay: laily, laity, layer, laying, lays, mislay, overlay, underlay /laying: layings/ mislay: mislayed, mislaying, mislays/ overlay: overlaid, overlayed, overlayer, overlaying, overlays/overlayer: overlayers/ underlay: underlaid, underlayed, underlaying, underlayment, underlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
The containers consist of an aluminum liner with an outer layer of strong carbon fibers.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lacking the roots to hold his layers of skin together, AJ is at risk of his skin sloughing off from a hard bump.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The building’s ceiling allowed for grow tables to be stacked twelve layers tall, to a height of thirty-six feet, in rows eighty feet long.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 层，层次; 膜; [植]压条; 放置者，计划者
vt. 把…分层堆放; 借助压条法; 生根繁殖; 将（头发）剪成不同层次
vi. 形成或分成层次; [植]通过压条法而生根
时态：layered, layering, layers
分布：层(99%)，分层(1%)
→来自lay,放置，引申词义层次，阶层，
n.层,层次;铺设者Lay a layer of clay on the displayed layout before the relay race.接力赛之前在展示的陈设上铺一层黏土.
【记】不认识的同学回家学学Photoshop就ok了。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a level of material, such as a type of rock or gas, which is different from the material above or below it, or a thin sheet of a substance 层；涂层
• the ozone layer 臭氧层
• A thick layer of clay lies over the sandstone. 沙岩上面有一层厚厚的黏土。
• There was a thin layer of oil on the surface of the water. 水面上有一层薄薄的油膜。
• We stripped several layers of paint off the door. 我们从门上剥落了好几层漆。
UK ['leɪ.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to arrange something in layers 把…按层排列，把…分层放置
• Layer the pasta with slices of tomato. 把番茄片分层摆放在义大利粉里。
• potatoes layered with onions 马铃薯夹洋葱片
n. 层，阶层；地层
 - thickness, degree, stratum, tier

Word: hiss
Front: hiss
[hɪs] (六宝 7778/6753 -1)
Vocabulary: hiss
(once / 483 pages)
vn
To hiss is to make a long s sound. Snakes are known to hiss, and sometimes unhappy audience members will hiss instead of booing.
The sound you make when you hiss — also called a hiss — sounds just like the word itself. In fact, you can't say the word without hissing. This type of sound is also known as sibilance, a consonant that's pronounced when a stream of air passes through teeth that are touching or close together. A barista's steaming wand hisses as she foams milk, and some types of snakes hiss in warning.
WORD FAMILY
hiss: hissed, hisser, hisses, hissing+/hisser: hissers/hissing: hissings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Exiting the earth at 2,100-degrees Fahrenheit, the fiery river pours into the Pacific in a display of oozes and hisses before becoming new land.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
As is, “Alligator” is all hiss and no snap.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Spencer was hissed and heckled throughout, evidently relishing the dissent as an opportunity to mock and taunt his critics.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: v. 发嘶嘶声; 发出嘘声
n. 嘘声; 嘶嘶声
时态：hissed, hissing, hisses
分布：嘶嘶声(52%)，嘘声(41%)，发嘶嘶声(7%)
→拟声词。
【记】比较：piss（撒尿）
verb
intransitive
■to make a noise which is like the first sound in the word 'sing' but which lasts a lot longer 发嘶嘶声；发嘘声
• Why do snakes hiss? 蛇为甚么发出嘶嘶声？
• The iron was hissing and spluttering. 铁块发出嘶嘶声并且火花四射。
• People in the audience were hissing their disapproval. 观众们发出嘘声表示不满。
transitive
■to say something in a quiet angry way 小声且生气地说
• "Shut up, Tom!" she hissed. ｢闭嘴，汤姆！｣她生气地小声说道。
[hɪs] noun countable or uncountable
■a sound like the letter 's' 嘶嘶声；嘘声
• I heard a hiss and a pop as the cork came out of the bottle. 我先听到嘶嘶声，然后是砰的一声，瓶塞就弹出了瓶子。
vi. 发出嘘声；发嘘声
 - boo
n. 嘘声； [地物] 嘶嘶声
 - fizzer, shush

Word: materialism
Front: materialism
[məˈtɪəriəlɪzəm] (四六 12791/12735 -1)
Vocabulary: materialism
(once / 1231 pages)
n
Materialism describes the belief that buying and having possessions is not just important, but a key to happiness in life, like the people whose materialism has so clouded their minds that they are more interested in your clothes and shoes than in what you are saying.
Materialism has the word material in it. What is material? Well, it's stuff — anything you can see and touch, like a pile of books or a big, green lawn. To be material, a thing has to have physical form, unlike emotions, beliefs, deep conversations, thoughts. So materialism means putting all importance on stuff. Someone who suffers from materialism would rather be out spending money than spending time with loved ones.
WORD FAMILY
materialism: materialisms, materialist, materialistic +/dematerialise: dematerialised, dematerialises/dematerialize: dematerialized, dematerializes, dematerializing/ immaterial: immaterialise, immateriality, immaterialize, immaterially/immaterialise: immaterialised/immaterialize: immaterialized, immaterializes/ material: immaterial, materialise, materialism, materiality, materialize, materially, materials, nonmaterial/materialisation: materialisations/materialise: dematerialise, materialisation, materialised, materialises, materialising/materialist: materialists/ materialistic: materialistically/materiality: materialities/materialization: materializations/ materialize: dematerialize, materialization, materialized, materializes, materializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will their children learn about gratitude or generosity, or greed and materialism?
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
“This is the want, buy, get generation,” he says; sex is a part of China’s new materialism.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
It would seem that the archbishop's decision to make materialism the subject of his first book is no accident.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 唯物主义; 唯物论; 实利主义，物质主义; [艺]写实主义
分布：唯物主义(77%)，唯物论(18%)，实利主义(5%)
→来自material,物质，-ism,主义。即物质主义，用于哲学术语指唯物主义。
唯物主义(material物质)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
US [-'tɪr.i-] noun uncountable
MONEY 钱
■the belief that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life 实利主义；物质主义
• So have we become a self-centred society, preoccupied with materialism? 我们的社会已变成一个以自我为中心、物质主义盛行的社会了吗？
UK [mə'tɪə.ri.ə.lɪ.zəm] US [-'tɪr.i-] noun uncountable
PHYSICAL 物质的 specialized
■the belief that only physical matter exists and the spiritual world does not 唯物主义，唯物论

Word: reset
Front: reset
[ˌri:ˈset] (12795/15213 -1)
Vocabulary: reset
(once / 6247 pages)
vn
When you reset something, you start it over again or adjust it. If you accidentally set your alarm to go off at 3:00 am, you'll have to sleepily reset it for 7:00 am.
You may like to reset your car's odometer before starting a long trip, so you can keep track of your gas mileage. Or, you might tend to reset your alarm clock on the weekends, so it wakes you later. You can also reset many electronics by essentially making them go back to zero, or to a starting point: "I need to reset my cellphone to the original factory settings."
WORD FAMILY
reset: resets, resetted, resetting+/ set: preset, reset, seting, sets, setting, subset / setting: settings/ subset: subsets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last month he also seemed to reset U.S. nuclear policy via Twitter, saying the country needs to update its nuclear posture.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At times, he found himself running around his neighborhood in the dark until his calorie-burn indicator reset to zero at midnight.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
It is a welcome reset from awkwardness, defensiveness, suspicion.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 重置; 重排; 重新安装
n. 重新放置; 重放之物
vi. 重置; 清零
时态：reset, resetting, resets
分布：重新设定(58%)，重新组合(25%)，重新放置(17%)
→re-,再，重新，set,设置。
重放,重排(re重新+set→重新放)[set=fix,表示"安置好"]
VERB
重新设置;重新调试
If you reset a machine or device, you adjust or set it, so that it is ready to work again or ready to perform a particular function.
例：As soon as you arrive at your destination, step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
VERB
(骨头)复位，重新接上
If a doctor resets a broken bone, they put it back into its correct position.
例：He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。
vi. 重置；清零
 - to clear
n. 重新设定；重新组合； [印刷] 重排版
 - reassociation, recompounding

Word: earthy
Front: earthy
[ˈɜ:θi] (宝 12783/18776 -1)
Vocabulary: earthy
(once / 2767 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj 4adj
The adjective earthy runs the gamut from "crunchy" to "crude." You could use earthy to describe bohemian fashion or a vulgar comedian. Just don't use it to describe our planet.
Adding one letter y to earth changes earth's status from a noun to an adjective. And what a versatile adjective it is! You could use it in a more literal way, like the "earthy smell" coming from the vegetable garden. Or, you could use it in a more figurative way — like to describe someone who wears Birkenstock sandals and grows her own bean sprouts. Earthy can also be used to describe someone who tends to be gross or vulgar, but this use of the word is somewhat euphemistic.
WORD FAMILY
earthy: earthier, earthiest, earthily+/ earth: earthed, earthing, earthlike, earthling, earthly, earths, earthy, unearth / earthling: earthlings/ earthly: earthlier, earthliest, unearthly / unearth: unearthed, unearthing, unearths/ unearthly: unearthlily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was gently earthy, and the tannins exerted a mild but noticeable grip.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Earthy and mature, this pinot offers a smooth, even taste that becomes even more amazing after decanting.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
British hops lend this beer an earthy body that’s a welcome break from the sweet fruitiness of a lot of Christmas beer.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 泥土的; 土质的; 朴实的; 粗俗的
级别：earthier, earthiest
分布：泥土的(35%)，朴实的(29%)，粗俗的(27%)，世俗的(9%)
US ['ɝ:-] adjective
REFERRING TO SEX 与性有关的
■referring to sex and the human body in a direct way 粗俗的，粗鄙的
• She has an earthy sense of humour. 她的幽默感粗俗不堪。
UK ['ɜ:.θi] US ['ɝ:-] adjective
SUBSTANCE 物质的
■like or relating to earth 似泥土的；泥土的
• an earthy smell 泥土味
adj. 土的；土质的；朴实的；粗俗的
 - low, coarse

Word: scoot
Front: scoot
[sku:t] (12837/33011)
Back: n. 疾走，迅速跑开
v. 溜走
时态：scooted, scooting, scoots
分布：迅速跑开(70%)，急走(30%)
→可能来自 shoot,投，射出，引申词义疾行，快走，猛冲等。
verb
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to go quickly 疾走；飞奔；猛冲
• I'm scooting off to St Andrews for a few days' golf. 我要赶紧去圣安德鲁斯打几天高尔夫。
• I'll have to scoot (= leave quickly) or I'll miss my train. 我得快点走，不然就赶不上火车了。
intransitive + adverb or preposition US informal
■to slide while sitting （坐着时）滑动
• Scoot over and make room for your sister. 挪过去点，让点地方给你妹妹。
vi. 溜走；快走；骑轻便摩托车
 - escape, slip out of
n. 疾走；轻便摩托车
 - dead run, mopeds

Word: fixation
Front: fixation
[fɪkˈseɪʃn] (12793/12835)
Back: n. <心>固着，固恋
分布：固定(99%)，注视(1%)
→来自fix, 固定。用于心理学名词。
固定(fix+ation)[fix=fix,表示"固定"]
noun countable
■the state of being unable to stop thinking about something or someone, or an unnaturally strong interest in them 异常依恋，固恋；癖
• Liz has a fixation UK with / US on food. 利兹有恋食癖。
• a mother fixation 恋母情结
n. 固定；定位；定影
 - positioning, localization, fixing

Word: wondrous
Front: wondrous
[ˈwʌndrəs] (12808/19217 -1)
Vocabulary: wondrous
(once / 575 pages)
adjadv
The adjective wondrous is a great word to use when you're describing something amazing or delightful. You could talk about the wondrous view of the ocean from the cliffs where you're standing.
There's a hint of magic and awe about the word wondrous. It describes things that inspire wonder, like a wondrous imaginary land or a wondrous display of beautiful, elaborate cakes at a pastry shop. The root is the Old English wundor, "marvelous thing, or object of astonishment." Wondrous is tricky to spell because it's missing the e in wonder.
WORD FAMILY
wondrous: wondrously+/ wonder: wondered, wonderer, wonderful, wondering, wonderment, wonders, wondrous /wonderer: wonderers/ wonderful: wonderfulest, wonderfully, wonderfulness/wondering: wonderingly/ wonderment: wonderments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The winger’s first goal of the game was a wondrous 25-yard effort but his second was even better.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Among these is the wondrous presence of curious, artful, inventive humanity.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
But rather than honoring his wondrous emotional range, I want to propose something counterintuitive.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 奇妙的; 令人惊奇的; 非常的
adv. 惊人地; 异乎寻常地; 令人惊叹地
分布：令人惊奇的(62%)，非常的(38%)
→来自wonder的形容词。
['wʌn.drəs] literary
adjective
■extremely and surprisingly good 极棒的，绝妙的
• a wondrous sight/sound/thing 绝妙的景色／天籁之音／绝妙的东西
• Our new improved face cream has wondrous effects on tired-looking skin. 我们新改良的面霜对有倦容的皮肤有神奇的效果。
adj. 奇妙的；令人惊奇的；非常的
 - intense, supercalifragilisticexpialidocious

Word: companionship
Front: companionship
[kəmˈpæniənʃɪp] (12816/11684 -1)
Vocabulary: companionship
(once / 745 pages)
n
Companionship is when you feel a sense of closeness being with another person. Your grandmother's companionship with her best friend might keep her feeling young and happy.
You probably experience companionship with your best friend or romantic partner, or maybe even with your siblings. A feeling of fellowship or togetherness is companionship — it's one of the reasons people get married or seek out like-minded friends. The word comes from companion, from the Old French compagnon, "fellow, mate, or friend," rooted in the Late Latin companionem, or "bread fellow," combining com, "with," and panis, "bread."
WORD FAMILY
companionship: companionships+/ companion: companionable, companioned, companioning, companions, companionship / companionable: companionability, companionableness, companionably
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is much good companionship available there, but she mostly chooses to dine alone and to be by herself.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
And just as the hodgepodge music format called for personal guidance, listeners driving for six days on the road needed companionship.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Wednesdays, and the monthly Alzheimer’s Café at Frye Café, providing companionship, food and music for people living with dementia, their care partners, family and friends.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 伙伴关系; 友情，友谊
分布：友谊(60%)，陪伴(38%)，交情(2%)
noun uncountable
■the enjoyment of spending time with other people 情谊，友谊
• I lived on my own for a while but I missed the companionship of others. 我一个人生活了一段时间，但很怀念同伴的情谊。
n. 友谊；陪伴；交谊
 - friendship, fellowship

Word: appointed
Front: appointed
[ə'pɔɪntɪd] (12818/8470)
Vocabulary: appointed
(once / 98 pages)
1adj 2adj
To be appointed is to be given a task or job. If you're appointed as the week's doughnut fetcher at work, it means you've been assigned the job of bringing treats for everyone.
You might be appointed for a small duty or for a large promotion, as when the gym teacher at school is unexpectedly appointed principal. Another way to use the adjective appointed is to mean "well furnished." Lovely homes and fancy hotels are often described as "well appointed" or "luxuriously appointed.
WORD FAMILY
appointed: appointedly, self-appointed+/ appoint: appointed, appointee, appointing, appointive, appointment, appoints/appointee: appointees/appointive: nonappointive/ appointment: appointments
USAGE EXAMPLES
A commission appointed to study the issue in 2015 suggested more money be tied to individual students’ background.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
With the party finally back in power in 1997, after 18 years in opposition, he was appointed parliamentary private secretary to Foreign Secretary Robin Cook.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 指定的，约定的
v. 任命( appoint的过去式和过去分词 ); 确定; 约定; 安排
分布：指定的(47%)，约定的(45%)，动词appoint的过去式和过去分词.(4%)，设备好的(4%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
CHOSEN 被选中的
■officially chosen for a job or responsibility 被指定的，被委任的
• I'd like to introduce our newly appointed members of staff. 我来介绍一下我们刚任用的职员。
⇒ See also self-appointed
UK [ə'pɔɪn.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
ARRANGED 已安排的
■(of a day or time) arranged for a meeting, etc. to happen （日期、时间）已定好的，已安排的
• Ten minutes before the appointed time , he sat nervously outside her office. 离约定的时间还有十分钟，他紧张地坐在她办公室外等着。
UK [ə'pɔɪn.tɪd] US [-tˌɪd] adjective
FURNISHED 已布置 formal
■If buildings or rooms are appointed in a particular way, they have furniture and equipment of the stated standard 有家俱设施的；有陈设的
• It says in the ad that the bathroom is spacious and well- appointed. 广告上说房子的浴室宽敞，设备齐全。
⇒ See also well-appointed
adj. 约定的，指定的
 - named, assigned
v. 任命；指定；约定时间，地点（appoint 的过去分词形式）
 - specified, named, assigned

Word: mid-air
Front: mid-air
[mɪd eə(r)] None
Back: n. 空中；半空中
分布：在空中的(100%)
→mid-,在中间，air,空气，天空。
US [ˌmɪd'er] noun uncountable
■a point in the air, not on the ground 空中，半空中
• She caught the ball in mid-air. 她接住了半空中的球。

Word: egregious
Front: egregious
[ɪˈgri:dʒiəs] (宝 12820/33756)
Vocabulary: egregious
(once / 4086 pages)
adj
Something that is egregious stands out, but not in a good way — it means "really bad or offensive." If you make an egregious error during a championship soccer match, your coach might bench you for the rest of the game.
"My massage therapist gave me bruises," someone complained recently on Twitter, asking, "When does it cease to be deep tissue massage therapy and become egregious and unabashed manhandling?" An egregious error is hardly forgivable. Some synonyms are shocking, appalling, and intolerable. The word has made a 180-degree turn from its original sense in Latin, when it meant "exceptionally good." Word historians have speculated that the negative usage was originally meant to be ironic, but it is the only sense that has survived. Be careful not to use it to mean "outstanding," since no one wants to be called egregious.
WORD FAMILY
egregious: egregiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
That resulted in an egregious turnover; the pass was intercepted by P.A.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Beam believes Wilson’s most egregious transgression was assuming he understood the forces that shaped Nabokov, a presumption Nabokov found repellent.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Late Monday, McCrory signed House Bill 17, which was part of the legislature’s egregious power-grab in its special session last week.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 极坏的，异乎寻常的
分布：恶名昭彰的(57%)，非常的(25%)，过份的(18%)
→e-, 向外。-greg, 群，集中，词源同yard, gregarious. 原义为鹤立鸡群的，极好的，现义贬义化。参照拉丁文egregium, 非凡，伟业。
过分的;不寻常的(e出+greg+iuos→出了一般团体→过分的)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】e出，greg团体－恶的出圈了－极端恶劣的e出，gre＝GRE，gious：出GRE考题的－极端恶劣的
【参】gregarious（adj 社交的；群居的）；aggregate（n /v 总计；集合）
[ɪ'gri:.dʒəs] formal disapproving
adjective
■often of mistakes, extremely bad （错误等）极其严重的，极坏的，令人震惊的
• It was an egregious error for a statesman to show such ignorance. 一位政界人士表现得如此无知，犯这种错误是极不应该的。
adj. 惊人的；过分的；恶名昭彰的
 - tremendous, excessive, ultra, tall, incredible

Word: adorable
Front: adorable
[əˈdɔ:rəbl] (12799/24935 -1)
Vocabulary: adorable
(once / 1995 pages)
adj
Tie a pink ribbon around your puppy's neck and push him around in a stroller, and you'll either get worried stares or compliments on how adorable he looks. Adorable means lovable, sweet, and childlike.
The adjective adorable is mostly used to mean "cute," when someone is describing something sweet or charming, like a baby or a pretty dress. The origins of the word adorable are actually religious; it was first used only to mean "worthy of adoration." The Latin word adorare, "to ask in prayer," is the root of adore, which in the 14th century meant "to worship." It wasn't until the 1880s that adorable began to mean "delightful" rather than "worthy of worshiping."
WORD FAMILY
adorable: adorability, adorableness, adorabler, adorably+/ adoration: adorations/ adore: adorable, adoration, adored, adorer, adores, adoring/adorer: adorers/adoring: adoringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She’s wearing a yellow slicker and an adorable cloche hat, and she smiles up at him with uncomplicated joy, like he’s an angel on earth.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The adorable cherubic face of the Honey Bun Baby brought us one of the sweetest memes of 2016.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
One of the first images BBC released of season four is of Sherlock with an adorable bloodhound.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得崇拜的，可敬重的; 可爱的，讨人喜欢的
分布：可爱的(98%)，值得崇敬的(2%)
US [-'dɔ:r.ə-] adjective
■describes a person or animal that is easy to love because they are so attractive and often small 可爱的；讨人喜欢的
• She has the most adorable two-year-old girl. 她两岁的小女儿真是可爱极了。
• an adorable puppy 可爱的小狗
adj. 可爱的；可敬重的，值得崇拜的
 - lovely, pretty, taking, cute, delightful

Word: chronically
Front: chronically
['krɒnɪklɪ] (12807/15053)
Back: adv. 慢性地，习惯性地，长期地
分布：长期地(100%)
ADJ
(疾病、残疾)慢性的，长期的
A chronic illness or disability lasts for a very long time.
例：...chronic back pain.慢性背痛
ADJ
难以根除的;积习难改的
You can describe someone's bad habits or behaviour as chronic when they have behaved like that for a long time and do not seem to be able to stop themselves.
例：Anyone who does not believe that smoking is an addiction has never been a chronic smoker.不相信抽烟能上瘾的人肯定不是老烟民。
例：...a chronic worrier.总是忧心忡忡的人
ADJ
(局势或问题)严重的，顽固的
A chronic situation or problem is very severe and unpleasant.
例：One cause of the artist's suicide seems to have been chronic poverty...那位艺术家自杀的一个原因似乎是极端贫困。
例：There is a chronic shortage of patrol cars in this police district.这个治安辖区严重缺乏巡逻车辆。
adv. 长期地；慢性地；习惯性地
 - long

Word: twisting
Front: twisting
[twɪstɪŋ] (12787/14934)
Back: n. 翘曲，扭曲
v. 扭，搓，缠绕（ twist的现在分词 ）
adj. 缠绕的; 曲折的; 转动的
分布：扭曲(76%)，扭曲的(14%)，缠绕的(4%)，翘曲(4%)，动词twist的现在分词形式.(2%)
VERB
扭;拧;搓;捻
If you twist something, you turn it to make a spiral shape, for example by turning the two ends of it in opposite directions.
例：Her hands began to twist the handles of the bag she carried...她双手开始捻弄手提包的拎带。
例：Twist the string carefully around the second stem with the other hand...用另外一只手小心地把细绳缠绕到第二根茎上。
V-ERG
(使)(尤指身体部位)弯曲变形;(使)扭曲
If you twist something, especially a part of your body, or if it twists, it moves into an unusual, uncomfortable, or bent position, for example because of being hit or pushed, or because you are upset.
例：He twisted her arms behind her back and clipped a pair of handcuffs on her wrists...他把她的胳膊扭到背后，在她手腕上拷上一副手铐。
例：Sophia's face twisted in pain...索菲娅疼得脸都扭曲了。
VERB
扭动，转动(身体部位)
If you twist part of your body such as your head or your shoulders, you turn that part while keeping the rest of your body still.
例：She twisted her head sideways and looked towards the door...她侧头朝门看去。
例：Susan twisted round in her seat until she could see Graham and Sabrina behind her...苏珊在座位上扭来扭去，直到她看见身后的格雷厄姆和萨布丽娜。
VERB
扭伤(脚踝、手腕等)
If you twist a part of your body such as your ankle or wrist, you injure it by turning it too sharply, or in an unusual direction.
例：He fell and twisted his ankle...他摔倒了，扭伤了脚踝。
例：Rupert Moon is out of today's session with a twisted knee.鲁珀特·穆恩扭伤了膝盖，无法参加今天的训练。
VERB
(用手)旋动，拧转
If you twist something, you turn it so that it moves around in a circular direction.
例：She was staring down at her hands, twisting the ring on her finger...她低头盯着双手，转动手指上的戒指。
例：She twisted the handle and opened the door…她转动门把手打开了门。
VERB
(道路、河流等)盘旋，蜿蜒
If a road or river twists, it has a lot of sudden changes of direction in it.
例：The roads twist round hairpin bends...道路呈U字形蜿蜒曲折。
例：The lane twists and turns between pleasant but unspectacular cottages.小径在令人惬意而又毫不起眼的村舍间迂回曲折。
VERB
歪曲;曲解
If you say that someone has twisted something that you have said, you disapprove of them because they have repeated it in a way that changes its meaning, in order to harm you or benefit themselves.
例：It's a shame the way that the media can twist your words and misrepresent you...媒体歪曲他人言论、曲解他人意图的做法真是可耻。
例：Even remarks that were quite innocent could be twisted to produce an unintended effect.即便完全没有恶意的话都会被歪曲，以达到并非说话人本意的效果。
N-COUNT
意外转折;重大转机
A twist in something is an unexpected and significant development.
例：…the twists and turns of economic policy…经济政策的一波三折
例：The battle of the sexes also took a new twist...两性之争也出现了新的变数。
N-COUNT
螺旋形;卷曲;盘曲
A twist is the shape that something has when it has been twisted.
例：...bunches of violets in twists of paper...纸卷包裹的一束束紫罗兰
例：A thin twist of smoke curled from the cottage's single chimney.一缕盘旋的轻烟从农舍唯一的烟囱里缭绕升起。
N-SING
(20世纪60年代风行的)扭摆舞
The twist is a dance that was popular in the 1960's, in which you twist your body and move your hips in an energetic way.
PHRASE
机缘巧合;造物弄人
If something happens by a twist of fate, it happens by chance, and it is strange, interesting, or unfortunate in some way.
例：By a curious twist of fate, cricket was also my favourite sport...让人感到惊奇的是，板球碰巧也是我最喜欢的运动。
例：In a cruel twist of fate, Ann's husband Bill is also suffering from the disease.造物弄人，安的丈夫比尔也患上了那种病。
n. 扭转；缠绕；旋扭法；诱骗
 - torsion, tortility
adj. 缠绕的；曲折的；转动的
 - rotary, flexural

Word: imbue
Front: imbue
[ɪmˈbju:] (托宝 12805/14278 -1)
Vocabulary: imbue
(once / 1899 pages)
v
To imbue is to fill up with or become "soaked" in an idea or emotion, as a sponge takes in water. One visit to Africa might be enough to imbue ambitions in a medical student to return to heal the sick.
You can use imbue in a similar way as "saturate," or "soak through," to describe a filling or absorbing. A "hue" is a color, and it rhymes with imbue. When you're imbued with something, you are, in a way, colored by it. If you imbue a dish sponge with oily orange water from a spaghetti bowl, the color and the oil soak in. To fill people with qualities or emotions is, for example, to imbue them with strength or optimism.
WORD FAMILY
imbue: imbued, imbues, imbuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
His poetry is imbued with the modest substance of his life.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Baker imbues the character with a tormented single-mindedness that neatly defines his predicament.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In principle, this imbues the system with the capacity to notice latent emotions, just as human therapists do.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌输; 使感染; 浸染
时态：imbued, imbuing, imbues
分布：灌输(62%)，使充满(23%)，使感染(15%)
→来自拉丁语imbuere,弄湿，浸泡，可能来自imbibe,喝，饮，吸收。引申词义灌输，充满。
verb
  Phrasal Verbs  imbue sth/sb with sth formal
■to fill something or someone with a particular feeling, quality or idea 使…充满…；将…灌输给…
• His poetry is imbued with deep, religious feeling. 他的诗歌充满了深厚的宗教情感。
vt. 灌输；使感染；使渗透
 - indoctrinate, infuse

Word: meander
Front: meander
[miˈændə(r)] (托宝 12806/14749 -1)
Vocabulary: meander
(once / 3045 pages)
vn
To meander means to wander aimlessly on a winding roundabout course. If you want some time to yourself after school, you might meander home, taking the time to window shop and look around.
Meander comes from a river in modern-day Turkey, the Maiandros, which winds and wanders on its course. Today, a stream or a path meanders, as does a person who walks somewhere in a roundabout fashion. If your speech meanders, you don't keep to the point. It's hard to understand what your teacher is trying to impart if he keeps meandering off with anecdotes and digressions. Pronounce meander with three syllables not two — me-AN-der.
WORD FAMILY
meander: meandered, meandering, meanders+/meandering: meanderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
While I meandered through my twenties, locked in my pseudo-bohemian stance, the remnants of that money rumbled along.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
A flop of a first half and more meandering in the third quarter put Washington in a troubling spot.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
From the Place d’Italie, I like to meander back to the Butte-aux-Cailles, one of the original bastions of Paris street art.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. （指溪流、河流等）蜿蜒而流; 闲逛，无目的地走动; 漫谈
n. 曲径; 迂回曲折的旅程
时态：meandered, meandering, meanders
分布：漫步(59%)，闲聊(19%)，迂回曲折的进程(9%)，河流的曲折(9%)，缓慢而弯曲地流动(4%)
→来自拉丁语meander,蜿蜒的水道，来自希腊语Maiandros,河流名，位于现土耳其境内。由于这条河流非常曲折，因此，引申词义蜿蜒，闲逛，散步等。该河流名字面意思可能为伟大的男人或善变的男人，来自andro-,男人，词源同android,mai-,伟大的，词源同magnate,或善变的，词源同mutable.
【记】源于Maeander（曼伊安德河）土耳其西部曼德列斯河的古名，以其蜿蜒曲折而著名。Me我，ander＝under：我在河的底下是因为水流不急，蜿蜒而流。
【反】move purposively（有目的的走）
US [-dɚ] verb
RIVER/ROAD 河流／道路
intransitive
■If a river, stream or road meanders, it follows a route which is not straight or direct. （河流、道路等）蜿蜒，迂回曲折
UK [mi'æn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
WALK 行走
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk slowly without any clear direction 漫步，闲逛；徘徊
• We spent the afternoon meandering around the streets of the old town. 我们那天下午都在旧城的街道上闲逛。
UK [mi'æn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
NO PURPOSE 无目的
intransitive
■If a text, process or activity meanders, it has no clear direction （话题、过程或活动）无目的地进行
• The film meanders along with no particular story line. 影片不着边际地发展着，没有明确的故事情节。
UK [mi'æn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
RIVER 河流
■a curve of a river or stream 曲流，河曲
UK [mi'æn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
JOURNEY 旅程
■a journey which has no particular direction 漫游
• The TV series continues its haphazard meander around the globe - this week it will be in Portugal. 这部电视系列片将继续其行踪不定的环球之旅——这周的目的地将是葡萄牙。
n. 漫步；曲流（常用复数）
 - bummel, stroll
vt. 漫步；蜿蜒缓慢流动
 - wander off, roam about
vi. 漫步；漫谈
 - wander off, mosey

Word: stamina
Front: stamina
[ˈstæmɪnə] (托 12821/9862 -1)
Vocabulary: stamina
(once / 5030 pages)
n
If you can run for a really long time, or carry a heavy box a really long way, you have stamina. Stamina is staying power or enduring strength.
Stamina is not always related to physical strength and endurance. Solving a difficult puzzle or a complex problem requires your brain to work long and hard, something called mental stamina. If you have had a really tough year, but are doing generally fine, someone might say you have emotional stamina. It can also mean perseverance. Do you have the stamina to learn this word?
WORD FAMILY
stamina
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Not all students are able to develop the academic stamina.”
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
A supreme test of a pianist’s technique and stamina.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
If untreated, sarcopenia will affect your balance, mobility and stamina, and raise the risk of falling, becoming frail and losing independence.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 体力，耐力，持久力; 雄蕊( stamen的名词复数); 毅力; 恒劲
分布：耐力(65%)，精力(27%)，活力(7%)，名词stamen的复数形式.(1%)
→来自拉丁语 stamina,复数格于 stamen,雄蕊，纺线，经线，命运线，生命线。引申比喻义耐力， 持久力。
耐力,持久力(stam[stan站]+ina→站下去→[有]耐力)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stam荷兰著名后卫斯塔姆，以耐力和结巴出众闻名。
【反】frailty（n 虚弱）
noun uncountable
■the physical and/or mental strength to do something which might be difficult and which will take a long time 耐力；耐性；持久力
• The triathlon is a great test of stamina. 三项全能运动是对耐力的极大考验。
n. 毅力；精力；活力；持久力
 - energy, vitality, spring, steam, vigor

Word: localized
Front: localized
[ˈləʊkəlaɪzd] (12852/20608)
Vocabulary: localized
(once / 9344 pages)
adj
Something that's localized only affects a specific place or part of the body. Localized numbness in your fingers means that only your fingers feel numb — the rest of your hand and arm feel normal.
You'll often hear the adjective localized in the context of medical symptoms, treatment, or diagnosis. Localized pain exists in one part of your body, and a localized infection is also restricted to one area — it hasn't spread to other places in the body. Another way something can be localized is simply to be local, like a localized radio station or a localized source of food for school lunches.
WORD FAMILY
localize: delocalize, localization, localized, localizes, localizing+/delocalize: delocalized/ local: localise, localism, locality, localize, locally, locals/localisation: localisations/localise: localisation, localised, localises, localising/ localism: localisms/ locality: localities/localization: localizations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Short-term, localized inflammation is useful for healing; too much or for too long, however, is harmful to cells and organ systems.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
So much for the supposed conservative principle of localized control of government.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
“Pool is holding at a nearby McDonalds, whose localized breakfast menu includes a deluxe breakfast that includes Spam,” wrote Mr. Harris.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 限局性的; 地区的
v. 使局部化( localize的过去式); 使具地方色彩
分布：局部的(82%)，地方的(9%)，动词localize的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
US ['loʊ-] adjective
■happening or limited to a particular area 当地的；限定的；局部的
• localized flooding 局部洪水
adj. 局部的；地区的；小范围的
 - regional, partial, topical

Word: empirically
Front: empirically
[ɪm'pɪrɪklɪ] (12908/16304)
Back: adv. 以经验为主地
分布：经验主义地(100%)
ADJ
经验主义的;以经验为依据的
Empirical evidence or study relies on practical experience rather than theories.
例：There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.他的论文缺乏实验证据的支持。

Word: cork
Front: cork
[kɔ:k] (雅 12801/8181 -1)
Vocabulary: cork
(once / 1157 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
Cork is a lightweight material made from the bark of a particular kind of oak tree. Cork is used in all sorts of ways, from flooring to fishing rod handles to bulletin boards.
When cork bark is harvested from a cork oak tree, it doesn't harm the tree itself — this quality is part of what makes cork a useful, renewable material. It shows up in shoes, insulation, wall tiles, and badminton shuttlecocks, as well as bottle stoppers, which are also called corks. The word is from the Spanish alcorque, "cork-soled sandal," which ultimately comes from the Latin name for the cork oak tree, quercus.
WORD FAMILY
cork: corked, corker, corking, corks, corky, uncork+/corker: corkers/corky: corkily/uncork: uncorked, uncorking, uncorks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sounds of soft, expert cork pops bounce percussively off every wall.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Glaziers installed desktop computers and a cork board for art projects.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
And, as the DJ drops a funky groove and another champagne cork soars skywards, it’s my turn.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 软木; 软木塞; （钓鱼用）软木浮子; [植]外皮
vt. 抑制，压制（感情）; 用软木塞塞住; （滑稽歌剧化妆中）用软木炭把脸涂黑
adj. 用软木制的
时态：corked, corking, corks
分布：软木(67%)，软木塞(32%)，软木树(1%)
→来自sker, 砍，切，词源同shear, carnal. 即切下来的树皮所做。
US [kɔ:rk] noun
uncountable
■the light soft bark (= outer covering) of a Mediterranean tree （产于地中海的）软木橡树皮
countable
■a short cylindrical piece of cork, or sometimes plastic or rubber, which is put into the top of a bottle, especially a wine bottle, to close it （尤指酒瓶的）软木瓶塞
• I can't get the cork out of the bottle - can you try? 我拔不出瓶塞——你来试试？
UK [kɔ:k] US [kɔ:rk] verb transitive
■to close a bottle by putting a cork in it 用瓶塞塞住
• If you've drunk enough, I'll cork the bottle and we can have the rest later. 要是你们喝够了，我就要塞上瓶塞了，剩下的以后再喝。
UK [kɔ:k] US [kɔ:rk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cork sth up informal
■to not allow yourself to express your anger, worry or sadness 克制，抑制（愤怒、焦急或悲哀）
n. [木] 软木塞，软木制品；软木
 - soft wood
vt. 抑制，堵住；用软木塞塞住
 - control, restrain, stay

Word: factor
Front: factor
[ˈfæktə(r)] (研四托雅 729/666 -K4)
Vocabulary: factor
(once / 210 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n 5n
A factor is a part or element that contributes to a result. If you only fly budget airlines and refuse to stay anywhere but youth hostels, then money is probably a big factor in your travel plans.
The word factor doubles as both noun and verb. A factor is an element that influences something, like many factors that contribute to global warming. To factor means to consider something relevant when making a decision or conclusion, like factoring in the weather and traffic when figuring out how long the drive will be. And if it's not relevant? Then you factor it out.
WORD FAMILY
factor: cofactor, factored, factoring, factorise, factorization, factorize, factors+/factorise: factorisation/factorize: factorizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Genetics are a key factor in the heritability of mental illness and susceptibility to addiction.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Fragmentation caused by government action would be less of a concern if other factors were not also pushing in the same direction.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
The DNC does provide some money to state parties for elections based on the state’s competitive races and other factors.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 因素; <数>因子; 代理人
vt. 把…因素包括进去; [数学]分解…的因子，将…分解成因子; 以代理商（或管家等）的身份行事，做代理商（或管家）
vi. 做代理商（或管家）
时态：factored, factoring, factors
分布：因素(86%)，因子(11%)，因数(2%)，作为因素(1%)
→来自词根fact, 做，词源同fact,effect. 即做事情的必要条件，因素，要素等。
要素;动力(fact+or→促使人做的东西→要素;动力)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.因素,要素"In fact, some factors are unsatisfactory to the factory," the dissatisfied manager said."事实上有些因素对工厂来说不是满意的."不满的经理说.
US [-tɚ] noun countable
FACT 事实
 ESSENTIAL
■a fact or situation which influences the result of something 因素；要素
• People's voting habits are influenced by political, social and economic factors. 人们的选举习惯受政治、社会和经济因素的影响。
• Heavy snow was a contributing factor in the accident. 大雪是引发这次意外的一项因素。
• Price will be a major/crucial factor in the success of this new product. 价格将是这款新产品能否畅销的主要／关键因素。
• The economy is regarded as the decisive/key factor which will determine the outcome of the general election. 经济被视为影响大选结果的决定性／关键性因素。
• informal The film's success is largely due to its feel-good factor (= its ability to make people feel happy). 这部影片取得成功在很大程度上是由于其予人虚幻的满足。
UK ['fæk.tər] US [-tɚ] noun countable
NUMBER 数字 specialized
■in mathematics, any whole number which is produced when you divide a larger number by another whole number 因数，因数
• Two, three, four and six are all factors of twelve. 2、3、4 和6都是12的因数。
■specialized
■a particular level on some systems of measurement 系数
• a factor 20 suntan cream 防晒系数为20的防晒霜
• a wind chill factor of -20 风寒指数-20
by a factor of specialized
■If an amount becomes larger or smaller by a factor of a particular number, it becomes that number of times larger or smaller 以…的倍数
• Cases of leukaemia in the area near the nuclear reactor have risen by a factor of four. 核反应堆附近地区的白血病病例已增长四倍。
UK ['fæk.tər] US [-tɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  factor sth in (also factor sth into sth)
■to include something when you are doing a calculation, or when you are trying to understand something 把…因素包括进去
• People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off. 人们赚的钱比以前多了，但将通货膨胀因素考虑在内，他们并没有比以前富裕。
• The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results. 在评价治疗效果时，必须将患者的年龄和他们的整体健康状况等因素考虑进去。
element, component, ingredient, factor
这组词都有“组成成分”的意思，其区别是：
element: n.元素；组成部分，方面；某特定类型的人或群体，分子。
 • The elements hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.   氢元素和氧元素构成了水。
 • He belongs to a bad element in this city.   他属于这个城市的坏分子。
component: n.零部件；(某事物的)组成部分；成分。
 • Tires, the engine, the body, and the seats are component of a car.   轮胎，引擎，车身以及坐椅都是一辆汽车的零部件。
ingredient: n.原料，成分，要素。
 • Flour, milk, butter and yeast are some ingredients in bread.   面粉、牛奶、黄油和酵母是做面包的一些原料。
factor: n.因素，要素，侧重指原因。
 • Endurance is an important factor in success in sports.   耐力是体育比赛成功的一个重要因素。
n. 因素； [经] 要素； [物] 因数；代理人
 - element, deputy, agent, basic, essential

Word: impossibility
Front: impossibility
[ɪmˌpɒsə'bɪlətɪ] (12861/9546)
Vocabulary: impossibility
(once / 769 pages)
n
An impossibility is something that can never, ever happen. Eating ice cream without getting a stomach ache afterward is an impossibility for people who are lactose intolerant.
You might start to suspect the impossibility of finding an affordable apartment in New York once you start looking for one, or fear the impossibility that you'll ever pass your French class if you struggle with conjugating verbs. When something's impossible, it can't happen or exist, and an impossibility is impossible. Both words come from the Latin impossibilis, "not possible," from the roots im-, "not," and possibilis, "that can be done."
WORD FAMILY
impossibility: impossibilities+/ impossible: impossibility, impossibleness, impossibles, impossiblest, impossibly / possibility: possibilities/ possible: impossible, possibility, possiblely, possibleness, possibles, possibly/possibly: possiblys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hence the impossibility of predicting financial crises, wars and technological revolutions.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The work only poses as a complete systematization of a culture; in fact, the impossibility of such a system is Darboven’s whole point.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
As the days passed, however, the impossibility of it began to dawn on me.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 不可能（性）; 不可能的事（情况）
分布：不可能(98%)，不可能之事(2%)
ADJ-GRADED
不可能的;做不到的
Something that is impossible cannot be done or cannot happen.
例：It was impossible for anyone to get in because no one knew the password...因为没人知道密码,所以任何人都不可能进得去。
例：He thinks the tax is impossible to administer...他认为税金没法管理。
ADJ
极难应付的
An impossible situation or an impossible position is one that is very difficult to deal with.
例：The Government was now in an almost impossible position.政府现在几乎陷入了进退维谷的境地。
ADJ-GRADED
难以忍受的;让人受不了的
If you describe someone as impossible, you are annoyed that their bad behaviour or strong views make them difficult to deal with.
例：The woman is impossible, thought Frannie.弗兰妮想,这个女人真让人受不了。
n. [数] 不可能；不可能的事
 - a blue moon

Word: schema
Front: schema
[ˈski:mə] (12815/9379)
Vocabulary: schema
(once / 29184 pages)
n
If you were just commissioned to modernize your town's library, the first thing you'll make is a schema: an outline of your plan for reinventing libraries.
Schema sounds like scheme, but they have different nuances. You scheme to snatch a cookie from the jar. A schema is more of a master plan. It can also just be an organized vision. If you have a master concept about how the world works, that's your world organization schema. Someone with an insanely big idea about how to change the world has "a grand schema." Now she just needs to make a practical schema for actually making that change.
WORD FAMILY
schema: schemata
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s a lot that modern readers might find hard to relate to in the moral schema of The Brothers Karamazov.
Slate(Nov 14, 2016)
Studies show that a higher baby schema activates the part of the brain called the ventral striatum, a key component of the brain reward pathway.
New York Times(Oct 13, 2016)
Goldthorpe's schema enabled researchers to measure differences in social mobility across different countries, especially those that have comparable survey questions on employment.
Nature(Sep 20, 2016)
Back: n. 概要，计划，图表
分布：模式(91%)，图解(4%)，计划(3%)，纲要(2%)
→来自希腊语 skhema,计划，方案，词源同 scheme.引申词义提要，纲要等。
(plural schemata) specialized
noun countable
■a drawing that represents an idea or theory and makes it easier to understand 图解，图表
n. [计] [心理] 模式；计划；图解；概要
 - mode, pattern, plan, programme, brief

Word: teapot
Front: teapot
[ˈti:pɒt] (高托 12851/12436 -1)
Back: n. 茶壶
分布：茶壶(100%)
US [-pɑ:t] noun countable
■a container for making and serving tea with a handle and a shaped opening for pouring 茶壶
n. 茶壶
 - teakettle, samovar

Word: ambush
Front: ambush
[ˈæmbʊʃ] (托宝 11303/12166 -2)
Vocabulary: ambush
(once / 996 pages)
nv
An ambush is a sneak attack. To ambush your enemy, hide and wait for him to come near and then pounce on him.
In war or in backyards, an ambush is a great way to surprise someone. Ambush comes from a Latin word meaning “to place in a wood,” and hiding in the woods behind a tree is a classic starting point for an ambush. The actual attack is called an ambush, but ambush is also a verb, so you can ambush your mom by dropping water balloons on her head from a tree. Please don’t tell her where you got that idea.
WORD FAMILY
ambush: ambushed, ambusher, ambushes, ambushing+/ambusher: ambushers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Edward O’Grady, stopped a truck at a roadside checkpoint and were killed in an ambush.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Edward O’Grady, were killed in an ambush after stopping a truck at a roadside checkpoint.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A black Iraq war veteran fatally shot the three police officers and wounded three others in Baton Rouge in an ambush.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 埋伏; 伏击; 伏击者，伏兵; 伏击点
vt. 伏击
时态：ambushed, ambushing, ambushes
分布：埋伏(49%)，伏击(42%)，伏兵(9%)
→来自法语。am-, 同前缀em-, 进入，使，见embody, 具体化。bush, 丛林。
verb transitive
■to suddenly attack a person or a group of people after hiding and waiting for them 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Five soldiers died after their bus was ambushed on a country road. 在一条乡村道路上一辆公车遭到伏击，车上五名士兵身亡。
• He was ambushed by gunmen on his way to work. 他在上班的路上遭到了持枪歹徒的伏击。
['æm.bʊʃ] noun countable or uncountable
■an occasion when a person or group of people are ambushed 伏击，埋伏突袭
• Several passers-by were killed in the ambush. 这次伏击行动造成数名路人死亡。
• Fear of ambush prevents the police from going to high-risk areas. 由于害怕遭到伏击，员警不敢去高风险地区巡逻。
lie/wait in ambush
■If someone lies in/waits in ambush, they hide and wait for someone in order to attack them. 埋伏下来等待发动袭击
n. 埋伏，伏击；伏兵
 - lurk
vt. 埋伏，伏击
 - waylay
vi. 埋伏
 - lurk

Word: flail
Front: flail
[fleɪl] (宝 12868/20795 -1)
Vocabulary: flail
(once / 3886 pages)
nv
To flail means to wave around wildly. If you are stranded on a deserted island and you see a ship in the distance, it’s a good idea to flail your arms in the air to get the captain’s attention.
Flail originates with the Latin word flagellum, which is a whip. It is also related to the noun flail, a stick with a swinging attachment to it, used to thresh grain. As a verb, it most often refers to arms, but can also involve the whole body, especially if someone is a very wild dancer. Other things can flail as well. If someone admits that his business is flailing, it’s probably lacking direction and not doing very well.
WORD FAMILY
flail: flailed, flailing, flails
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cruz and Garbrandt continued their agreeably disagreeable display of hostility, sneering and lunging and flailing at each other until they were, inevitably, separated.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Among other actions, Ahearn was prone to “loud outbursts, yelling, pounding his hands and fists on the desk and flailing hand gestures,” the complaint said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Maybe, but after a full year with Dorsey at the helm, Twitter is still flailing.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 用连枷打; 鞭打; 抽打
vi. 用连枷打; 鞭打
n. 连枷（脱粒用的工具）; 扫雷装置
时态：flailed, flailing, flails
分布：敲打(25%)，连迦(25%)，用连迦打(25%)，挥动(25%)
→来自flagellate, 鞭打，鞭笞。后用来指打谷工具，连枷。
【区】frail（adj 脆弱的）中的r象朵花flail中的l象根棍子 fl＝fly，ail小病：飞起来的小鸟得了小病，因为被flail
verb intransitive or transitive (also flail about/around)
■(especially of arms and legs) to move energetically in an uncontrolled way （尤指手臂和双腿）乱动，胡乱摆动
• A wasp came towards us and Howard started flailing his arms around. 一只黄蜂冲我们飞来，霍华德开始使劲挥舞胳膊。
• She ran from the house in a terrible rage, her arms flailing in the air. 她怒不可遏地从房子里跑出来，手臂在空中乱挥乱打。
[fleɪl] noun countable
■a tool consisting of a rod which swings from a long handle, used especially in the past for threshing grain （尤指旧时脱粒用的）连枷
vt. 打；用连枷打
 - strike, beat upon
vi. 打；用连枷打
 - strike, hit

Word: cunning
Front: cunning
[ˈkʌnɪŋ] (研四六托雅宝 12813/9717 -1)
Vocabulary: cunning
(once / 284 pages)
1adjn 2adj
In fairy tales, always watch out for the cunning fox or the cunning witch. Cunning means clever, in the sense of trickery. A cunning plan might involve setting traps for the innocent and pure at heart to fall into.
This adjective goes back to the 14th century English verb cunnen, which meant "to know," and is actually related to our English verb know. In earlier times, the noun was used to mean a high level of skill in using the hands. You can be cunning, but you can also use your cunning to figure out a very clever and tricky plan.
WORD FAMILY
cunning: cunninger, cunningest, cunningly, cunnings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem’s emphasis on Odysseus’ cunning starts to seem like the celebration of the emergence of a new kind of consciousness.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Burr is “more cunning than wise . . . inferior in real ability to Jefferson,” Hamilton wrote.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The Deceptive Bike Box. A mild sensation online, this object from the oft-neglected packaging category may be the year’s most cunning design solution.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 狡猾的; 奸诈的; 灵巧的
n. 狡猾; 诡诈; 狡黠
分布：狡猾的(63%)，灵巧(16%)，精巧的(10%)，可爱的(9%)，有眼光的(2%)
→cun-,词源同can,知道，了解。此处用作贬义。
a./n.狡猾(的),狡诈(的)The funny cunning runner uses his gum gun before sunrise or after sunset.滑稽乖巧的赛跑者在日出之前或日落之后使用胶皮枪.
【反】artless（adj 朴实的）；ingenuous（adj 坦白直率的）
adjective
CLEVER 聪明的
■describes people who are clever at planning something so that they get what they want, especially by tricking other people, or things that are cleverly made for a particular purpose 狡猾的，狡诈的
• a cunning plan/ploy 诡诈的计划／花招
• He's a very cunning man. 他为人十分狡猾。
['kʌn.ɪŋ] adjective
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的 US old-fashioned
■attractive; cute 吸引人的，迷人的
• a cunning little child/puppy/kitten 逗人喜爱的小孩／小狗／小猫
['kʌn.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
■the quality or skill of being clever at planning something so you get what you want, especially by tricking other people 狡诈；狡猾；机灵
• We need to show a bit of cunning if we want to trick the enemy. 要想骗过敌人，我们得想点计策。
sly, cunning
这组词都有“狡猾的”的意思，其区别是：
sly: 指竭力掩饰其意图，靠蒙混或表里不一等隐蔽手法达到个人目的。
cunning: 指凭诡计达到狡诈的目的。
adj. 狡猾的；巧妙的；可爱的
 - happy, lovely, designing, knowing, pretty
n. 狡猾
 - artfulness, subtility

Word: dreary
Front: dreary
[ˈdrɪəri] (托雅宝 12828/11551 -1)
Vocabulary: dreary
(once / 377 pages)
adj
When something is dreary it's depressing or lifeless in a rainy-day way. I finished my work, there was nothing on TV, and the rain just wouldn't stop: what a dreary day!
Dreary can refer to a feeling, a place, a time, or even a thing. It sounds a little like a combination of "drizzle" and "teary," and that's not a bad way to remember what it means. My grandmother's house was a dreary affair: run down, poorly lit, and silent but for the buzz of the florescent light in the cramped kitchen. Some might call the recession a depression: I call it dreary, either way. If the economy remains dreary like this much longer, I just might move to China.
WORD FAMILY
dreary: drearier, dreariest, drearily, dreariness+/dreariness: drearinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was brought by the guards to a dreary conference room, away for the moment from a cellblock for serious offenders.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
With any luck this is the show to help Broadway up its dreary concessions routine.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
I couldn’t help smiling and the dreary day and mood instantly became sunny.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 沉寂的; 阴沉的; 令人厌烦的; 枯燥的
n. 可怕的人物
级别：drearier, dreariest
分布：沉闷的(85%)，令人沮丧的(11%)，情绪低落的(4%)
→来自dhreu, 滴，掉落，词源同drip, drop. 原义为滴血的，引申义沉闷的，阴深的。
【记】a dream is not dreary
【反】jocund（adj 欢乐的）
US ['drɪr.i] adjective
■boring and making you feel unhappy 沉闷的，单调乏味的，令人沮丧的
• a dreary little town 沉闷的小城
• She had spent another dreary day in the office. 她在办公室里又渡过了枯燥的一天。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. 沉闷的，枯燥的
 - tedious, dreich

Word: baptize
Front: baptize
[bæpˈtaɪz] (12832/17112)
Vocabulary: baptize
(once / 695 pages)
v
To baptize is the ritual of bringing someone into the religion of Christianity. It’s usually when little babies get their heads sprinkled with water in a church.
The word baptize comes from Greek baptizein which means, "to dip in water." That’s what happens when you get baptized — you get sprinkled with or dunked in water by someone official from a church. Christian parents often choose to baptize their babies, but adults can get baptized, too.
WORD FAMILY
baptize: baptized, baptizes, baptizing+/Baptist: Baptistic, Baptists/baptise: baptised, baptises, baptising/baptised: unbaptised/ baptism: Baptist, baptise, baptismal, baptisms, baptistery, baptistry, baptize /baptismal: baptismally/baptistery: baptisteries/baptistry: baptistries/baptized: unbaptized
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Dealing with it in Los Angeles as a college kid, I was baptized quick,” Palmer said.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He said the jump was a good way to be baptized as an Alaskan.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
“Nobody has to use the name. Look at me. I’ve always used my Igbo name, but I was baptized Michael and confirmed Victor.”
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: vt. 给…施洗礼; （施洗时）授…以教名; 给…精神上的洗礼; 使经受考验
vi. 行浸礼（或洗礼）
时态：baptized, baptizing, baptizes
分布：给…施洗礼(100%)
(UK usually baptise) [bæp'taɪz] verb transitive usually passive
■to make someone officially a member of the Christian Church in a service of baptism 以洗礼方式使某人加入基督教教会；施洗
• [+ obj + noun] Were you baptized a Catholic? 你是在天主教教堂受洗的吗？
⇒ See also christen
vt. 给…施浸礼；命名；使经受考验（等于baptise）
 - name

Word: preparedness
Front: preparedness
[prɪˈpeərɪdnəs] (12853/20436)
Back: n. 有准备，已准备
分布：名词(100%)
US [-'perd-] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■when you are prepared for a particular situation 准备状态，预备状态
• The army is in a state of preparedness for war. 军队已进入战备状态。
n. 准备；有准备
 - preliminary, arrangement, provision

Word: cherished
Front: cherished
[ˈtʃeriʃt] (12838/13853)
Back: v. 珍爱( cherish的过去式和过去分词 ); 怀有; 爱护; 抚育
分布：珍爱(71%)，抱有(21%)，抚育(8%)
VERB
怀有，抱有(希望);怀念(过去)
If you cherish something such as a hope or a pleasant memory, you keep it in your mind for a long period of time.
例：The president will cherish the memory of this visit to Ohio...总统将铭记这次俄亥俄之行。
例：It was a wonderful occasion which we will cherish for many years to come.那是一个美好的时刻，我们将多年不忘。
VERB
珍爱;珍惜;疼爱
If you cherish someone or something, you take good care of them because you love them.
例：He genuinely loved and cherished her...他由衷地爱恋并珍惜她。
例：The previous owners had cherished the house.房子先前的主人非常爱惜这房子。
VERB
珍视，维护，捍卫(权利、特权或原则)
If you cherish a right, a privilege, or a principle, you regard it as important and try hard to keep it.
例：These people cherish their independence and sovereignty.这些人民珍视他们的独立和主权。

Word: reflector
Front: reflector
[rɪˈflektə(r)] (12835/16823)
Back: n. 反射器，反射光[热、声音]的物体
vt. 加工某物使之反射光线; 在…上装反射器
分布：反射镜(85%)，反射体(15%)
→物理名词术语，来自 reflect,反映，反射。
US [-tɚ] noun
countable
■an object on a bicycle, car, or other vehicle which reflects light and is intended to show the vehicle's position to other road users （脚踏车和汽车的）反光装置，反光灯，反光器
reflectors [plural] US for * cat's eyes
n. [电子] [核] 反射物， [天] [光] 反射镜
 - reflecting mirror, catoptron

Word: magnification
Front: magnification
[ˌmægnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (12869/17317)
Vocabulary: magnification
(once / 28276 pages)
n
Magnification is the process of making an object appear much larger than it really is. You might use magnification to inspect a rare penny, or even a zit. You decide.
Some small objects, like cells, require magnification to be seen at all. Other things, like distant planets, are so far away that you need the magnification of a telescope to get a good look at them. Binoculars use magnification so you can see the details of birds close-up, and reading glasses use magnification for reading small print. Magnification comes from the Latin word magnificare, "esteem greatly" or "make much of."
WORD FAMILY
magnification: magnifications+/magnifier: magnifiers/ magnify: magnification, magnified, magnifier, magnifies, magnifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
These strange structures are calcium carbonate crystals, imaged at 2,000× magnification.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
You used different hand lenses for different phases of magnification.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
The user can adjust the color, contrast, brightness and magnification of the video they are seeing in real time.
Washington Times(Oct 22, 2016)
Back: n. 放大，夸大; 放大率
分布：放大(99%)，夸张(1%)
noun uncountable
■the process of making something look bigger than it is, for example by using a magnifying glass 放大
• Magnification of the leaf allows us to see it in detail. 树叶放大后，我们能看得更清楚。
• These binoculars have x10 magnification (= they magnify 10 times). 这个双筒望远镜的放大倍数为10倍。
n. [光] [电子] 放大；放大率；放大的复制品
 - enhancement, amplification

Word: chap
Front: chap
[tʃæp] (研 12814/3565 -2)
Vocabulary: chap
(once / 184 pages)
1n 2n 3vn
A chap is a guy or a fellow — a boy or man who's a friend, acquaintance, or a friendly stranger. You might ask a chap on the bus if the seat beside him is free.
You can refer to any male person as a chap, and you can also address him that way: "Hello there, old chap! I haven't seen you in ages!" It's more common in Britain than the US, where the chap will know what you mean but might look at you oddly. Chaps also means a cowboy's leather pants, and when it's a verb chap means to become dry, cracked, and painful from wind or cold.
WORD FAMILY
chap: chapped, chapping, chaps
USAGE EXAMPLES
She wore no shiny lipstick, and her lips looked chapped.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Association board president Chap Achen moved to Red Wing 40 years ago and worked for decades for the Red Wing Shoe Factory.
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
I packed sunscreen and Neosporin, half chaps and a cartload of protein bars.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 小伙子，小家伙，家伙
vt. & vi. （使）疼痛，变粗糙，皲裂
时态：chapped, chapping, chaps
分布：家伙(60%)，皲裂(23%)，颊(9%)，颌(8%)
→1.家伙，来自cheap, 原指卖东西的小商人。
n./v.(皮肤)变粗糙;皲裂;n.小伙子The girl's hands were chapped by the cold.那个女孩的手因寒冷而冻裂.
[tʃæp] (also chappie) (chappy) UK informal old-fashioned
noun [C or]
■a man 男人
• He's a friendly sort of a chap. 他是个挺友善的家伙。
n. 小伙子；家伙；龟裂
 - apple, customer, checking, egg, guy

Word: steamed
Front: steamed
[sti:md] (12901/25589)
Back: adj. 蒸熟的
v. 冒蒸汽( steam的过去式和过去分词 ); 快速行走，疾行; （靠蒸汽）行驶; 蒸煮
分布：蒸熟的(78%)，动词steam的过去式和过去分词.(22%)
N-UNCOUNT
蒸汽;水蒸气
Steam is the hot mist that forms when water boils. Steam vehicles and machines are operated using steam as a means of power.
例：In an electric power plant the heat converts water into high-pressure steam.在发电厂里，热能将水转化成高压蒸汽。
例：...the invention of the steam engine.蒸汽发动机的发明
VERB
冒蒸汽;冒热气
If something steams, it gives off steam.
例：...restaurants where coffee pots steamed on their burners.咖啡壶在炉子上冒着热气的餐馆
例：...a basket of steaming bread rolls.一篮子热腾腾的面包卷
V-ERG
蒸(食物)
If you steam food or if it steams, you cook it in steam rather than in water.
例：Steam the carrots until they are just beginning to be tender...将胡萝卜蒸至刚好变软。
例：Leave the vegetables to steam over the rice for the 20 minutes cooking time.让蔬菜在米饭上蒸 20 分钟。
PHRASE
进展迅速;全速前进
If something such as a plan or a project goes full steam ahead, it progresses quickly.
例：The Government was determined to go full steam ahead with its privatisation programme...政府下决心要全力实施私有化计划。
例：Plans are rolling full steam ahead for the Jamaica Festival.庆祝牙买加节的准备工作正开展得如火如荼。
PHRASE
发泄怒火;宣泄情感
If you let off steam, you get rid of your energy, anger, or strong emotions with physical activity or by behaving in a noisy or violent way.
例：Regular exercise helps to combat unwanted stress and is a good way of relaxing or letting off steam.经常运动有助于摆脱多余的压力，也是放松或宣泄情感的好办法。
PHRASE
(信念、计划、项目等)变得越来越重要，开始发展壮大
If a belief, a plan, or a project picks up steam, it starts to develop and become more important.
例：Just as the presidential campaign was picking up steam, riots exploded in Los Angeles.正当总统竞选活动的声势日益壮大时，洛杉矶爆发了暴乱。
PHRASE
精疲力竭;丧失热情;泄气
If you run out of steam, you stop doing something because you have no more energy or enthusiasm left.
例：I decided to paint the bathroom ceiling but ran out of steam halfway through.我决定粉刷一下浴室的天花板，但干了一半就精疲力竭了。
PHRASE
靠自己的力量
If you do something under your own steam, you do it without any help from anyone else.
例：Patients who are well enough to turn up under their own steam are well enough to wait to be seen by a doctor.让那些身体状况不那么糟、还能自己来看病的病人花点时间候诊没什么问题。

Word: cayenne
Front: cayenne
[keɪ'en] (12846/45622)
Vocabulary: cayenne
(once / 3564 pages)
n
Cayenne is a hot pepper plant. A cayenne is related to a green bell pepper, but it's much spicier.
Most cayenne is eaten as a spice — seeds from the plant are dried and ground, then judiciously sprinkled in dishes like chili and Buffalo wings. In its dry form, cayenne is a bright red powder. The word cayennne was mistakenly associated with the capital of French Guiana, Cayenne, though there's actually no relation between the place and the plant. Instead, the root is the Tupi word kyynha.
WORD FAMILY
cayenne
USAGE EXAMPLES
In my recipe, I use all three, along with cayenne, garlic and thyme.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Teas, spices, cayenne pepper is very important in my life — helps get rid of mucus and things of that sort.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
The bogey here is the Cayenne, which is way strong.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 辣椒
分布：名词(100%)
→来自南美土著语。
n. 辣椒
 - capsicum, pimiento

Word: salted
Front: salted
['sɔ:ltɪd] (12904/15935)
Back: adj. 盐腌的; 盐味的; 有经验的; （动物）有免疫力的
v. （撒盐似的）散布( salt的过去式和过去分词 ); 使更有趣; 加盐于…以调味; 把盐撒在路面上（以使冰雪融化）
分布：盐腌的(45%)，有经验的(33%)，盐味的(22%)
US ['sɑ:l.tˌɪd] adjective
■containing or covered in salt 含盐的；用盐腌的
• salted peanuts 咸味花生
• lightly salted butter 加有少量盐的牛油
adj. 盐的；盐腌的；有经验的
 - practiced, salinous

Word: idiosyncratic
Front: idiosyncratic
[ˌɪdɪəsɪŋ'krætɪk] (12906/11748)
Vocabulary: idiosyncratic
(once / 14088 pages)
adj
Idiosyncratic means unique to an individual. Albert Einstein famously had lots of idiosyncratic habits. For example, he rarely wore socks, and he talked to his cat.
One thing that Einstein definitely wasn't was an idiot. Yet idiosyncratic and idiot are related. Idio is ancient Greek for "one's own." A idiosyncratic person is someone who does things in his own way. And the original meaning of idiot was basically "a regular Joe" — an ordinary person who keeps to himself.
WORD FAMILY
idiosyncratic: idiosyncratically+/ idiosyncrasy: idiosyncrasies, idiosyncratic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ken Graves, a street photographer whose idiosyncratic images captured the color of 1960s and 70s San Francisco, died in May, aged 74.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Many equally admire Wayne Eagling’s idiosyncratic treatment for the English National Ballet, first seen in 2010.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The character was famous for her idiosyncratic recipes such as parsnip brownies and lard and fish paste pancakes, but was killed off in 1996.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 乖僻的; 怪异的
分布：特质的(69%)，与众不同的(31%)
ADJ-GRADED
乖僻的;怪异的
If you describe someone's actions or characteristics as idiosyncratic, you mean that they are rather unusual.
例：...a highly idiosyncratic personality.非常乖僻的个性
例：...his erratic typing and idiosyncratic spelling.他古怪的打字与奇特的拼写
adj. 特质的；特殊的；异质的
 - foreign, specific

Word: paraphrase
Front: paraphrase
[ˈpærəfreɪz] (托雅宝 12845/16215)
Vocabulary: paraphrase
(once / 2435 pages)
vn
The verb paraphrase means to sum something up or clarify a statement by rephrasing it. So to paraphrase that explanation, it means to say something in other, simpler words.
If you break paraphrase down, you end up with the prefix para, meaning "beside," and the word phrase — so think of paraphrase as coming up with similar, more simple phrases that go beside the ones already said. You might paraphrase your teacher’s lesson because you want to simplify her complicated technical language, or because you forgot exactly what she said but remember the general meaning.
WORD FAMILY
paraphrase: paraphrased, paraphrases, paraphrasing, paraphrastic+/paraphrastic: paraphrastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
For that, I paraphrase John Donne: Ask not for whom the rooster crows.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But those close to the inmate are also affected: To paraphrase an old saying, when someone serves time, the family serves it with them.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Or, to paraphrase The Who, the new boss figures to be the same as the old boss in 2017.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 释义，意译; 演释曲
vt. 改述
vi. 改述; 意译
时态：paraphrased, paraphrasing, paraphrases
分布：释义(66%)，改写(17%)，解述(17%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，-phrase,说，告知，词源同phrase,phrasebook.引申词义解释，音译。
【记】para旁边，phrase语言－写在旁边的语言－注释；意译
US ['per-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to repeat something written or spoken using different words, often in a humorous form or in a simpler and shorter form that makes the original meaning clearer （以幽默或更简短、清晰的方式）意译，解释，改述
translation, paraphrase, version
这组词都有“翻译，译文”的意思，其区别是：
translation: 普通用词，指从一种语言到另一种语言的翻译。
paraphrase: 可指非常自由的解释，不拘泥遣词造句，重在传意。通常指用同样语言深入浅出地解释艰深的句子或段落。
version: 可与translation换用，尤指不拘泥于文字的意译，更常指某种作品的一种译文。
vt. 改述
 - rephrase
vi. 释义；意译
 - free translation

Word: high-pitched
Front: high-pitched
[haɪ pɪtʃt] (-1)
Back: adj. 声调高的，声音尖锐的; 陡坡，斜度大的; 紧张的，激烈的
分布：尖声的(52%)，激烈的(18%)，高声的(18%)，陡坡的(12%)
→high,高，pitch,音调。
adjective
VOICE 嗓音
■A voice that is high-pitched is higher than usual. 声调高的，尖声的
[ˌhaɪ'pɪtʃt] adjective
NOISE 噪声
■describes a noise that is high and sometimes also loud or unpleasant （噪声）尖锐恼人的
• the high-pitched scream of the fire alarm 火灾报警器的尖厉响声
adj. 声调高的；声音尖锐的；紧张的；陡的
 - intense, stressed

Word: jumping
Front: jumping
['dʒʌmpɪŋ] (12843/14958)
Back: adj. 用于跳跃的
v. 跳( jump的现在分词 ); 跳过; 快速移动; （因吃惊、害怕或激动而）猛地一动
分布：跳跃(73%)，跳跃的(15%)，突变现象(5%)，用于跳跃的(5%)，动词jump的现在分词.(2%)
VERB
跳；跃；跳跃
If you jump, you bend your knees, push against the ground with your feet, and move quickly upwards into the air.
例：I jumped over the fence...我跳过了栅栏。
例：They came into the front hall, stamping their boots and jumping up and down to knock the snow off...他们进入了前厅，跺着靴子，蹦跳着抖掉身上的雪。
VERB
跳下；跃出
If you jump from something above the ground, you deliberately push yourself into the air so that you drop towards the ground.
例：He jumped out of a third-floor window...他从3楼的窗户跳了出去。
例：She has jumped from an aeroplane four times...她已经4次从飞机上跳下。
VERB
跳过，跃过，跨越（栅栏等）
If you jump something such as a fence, you move quickly up and through the air over or across it.
例：He jumped the first fence beautifully.他轻松地跨过第一道栏。
VERB
快速移动；一跃而起
If you jump somewhere, you move there quickly and suddenly.
例：Adam jumped from his seat at the girl's cry...女孩儿一哭，亚当立即从座位上跳了起来。
例：She jumped to her feet and ran downstairs...她突然站起来，跑下楼去了。
VERB
（因害怕或吃惊）猛地一跳，突然一跳
If something makes you jump, it makes you make a sudden movement because you are frightened or surprised.
例：The phone shrilled, making her jump.刺耳的电话铃响了起来，把她吓了一跳。
VERB
（数量或水平）突升，激增
If an amount or level jumps, it suddenly increases or rises by a large amount in a short time.
例：Sales jumped from $94 million to over $101 million...销售额从9, 400万美元激增到了1.0 1亿美元。
例：The number of crimes jumped by ten per cent last year...去年犯罪率猛升了10%。
VERB
插（队）；不按顺序排（队）
If someone jumps a queue, they move to the front of it and are served or dealt with before it is their turn.
例：The prince refused to jump the queue for treatment at the local hospital.王子在本地医院候诊时拒绝插队。
VERB
突然袭击；出其不意地攻击
If someone jumps on you or jumps you, they attack you suddenly or unexpectedly.
例：A week later, the same guys jumped on me on our own front lawn...一个星期后，同一伙人又在我们家门口的草坪上袭击了我。
例：Two guys jumped me with clubs in the carpark.两个家伙在停车场用球棒袭击了我。
VERB
迫不及待地接受，欣然应承（建议或机会）
If you jump at an offer or opportunity, you accept it quickly and eagerly.
例：Members of the public would jump at the chance to become part owners of the corporation.一些公众会迫不及待地想要抓住机会成为这家公司的持股人。
VERB
毫不犹豫地批评；立即责备
If someone jumps on you, they quickly criticize you if you do something that they do not approve of.
例：A lot of people jumped on me about that, you know.你知道，那件事让很多人逮着机会批评我。
PHRASE
比…占先；胜过；优于
If you get a jump on something or someone or get the jump on them, you gain an advantage over them.
例：Helicopters helped fire crews get a jump on the blaze...直升机帮助消防队员控制住了火势。
例：The idea is to get the jump on him.想法是要胜过他。
PHRASE
非常激动；欣喜若狂；暴跳如雷
If you say that someone is jumping up and down, you mean they are very excited, happy, or angry about something.
例：I don't think a lot of people will jump up and down and say 'thank heavens'..我并不认为很多人会欣喜若狂地说“感谢上帝”。
例：Everybody still jumps up and down about being rid of tyrants.大家都还在为摆脱了暴君的统治而激动不已。
adj. [电子] 跳跃的
 - saltatorial, transilient
n. 障碍
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, stop

Word: poach
Front: poach
[pəʊtʃ] (宝 12824/11399 -1)
Vocabulary: poach
(once / 1492 pages)
1v 2v
When people poach deer or ducks, they hunt them illegally. On the other hand, when you poach an egg, it's perfectly legal — you just cook it in simmering water.
Hunters are only permitted to hunt certain animals during specific times of the year, and only in certain locations. If a hunter shoots a rabbit on another person's private land, you can say she poaches it. This meaning probably stems from the Middle French pocher, "to thrust." Another theory connects it to the "cook in hot liquid" meaning of poach and its Old French root poché, "put into a pocket."
WORD FAMILY
poach: poached, poacher, poaches, poaching+/poacher: poachers/poaching: poachings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The lab will provide space for forensic work related to wildlife poaching.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The move, which was supposed to reduce elephant poaching, was instead followed by a boom.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Poach the chicken for 40 minutes to cook, maintaining a temperature of 165 to 170 degrees.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 水煮; 偷猎; 窃取; 把…踏成泥浆
时态：poached, poaching, poaches
分布：挖走(58%)，水煮(35%)，侵占(7%)
→来自古法语pochier,放入口袋，包起来，来自poche,包，包裹，来自Proto-Germanic*puk,袋子，来自bu,beu,鼓起，膨胀，词源同ball,pock,pouch.后用于比喻义像蛋白包裹着蛋黄，引申词义炖，煨，煮。poach 偷猎，偷捕
US [poʊtʃ] verb
COOK 烹饪
transitive
■to cook something such as a fish, or an egg with its shell removed, by putting it in gently boiling water or other liquid 炖，水煮（鱼、荷包蛋等）
• We had poached eggs for breakfast. 我们早饭吃荷包蛋。
• Do you like pears poached in red wine? 你喜欢吃红葡萄酒煮的梨吗？
UK [pəʊtʃ] US [poʊtʃ] verb
TAKE 拿走
intransitive or transitive
■to catch and kill animals without permission on someone else's land （侵入他人地界）偷猎，偷捕；盗猎
• The farmer claimed that he shot the men because they were poaching on his land. 农场主人声称他开枪射杀那些人是因为他们侵入他的地界偷猎。
intransitive or transitive
■to take and use for yourself unfairly or dishonestly something, usually an idea, that belongs to someone else 以不当手段获取，窃用（想法等）
• Jeff always poaches my ideas , and then pretends that they're his own. 杰夫经常盗用我的想法，还假装是他自己的。
intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to persuade someone who works for someone else to come and work for you 挖走（人员）
• They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company. 他们一个最好的经理被别的公司挖走了，他们很恼火。
vt. 水煮；偷猎；窃取；把…踏成泥浆
 - filch
vi. 偷猎；侵犯；剽窃
 - to infringe on, encroach on

Word: refill
Front: refill
[ˌri:ˈfɪl] (12907/15057 -1)
Vocabulary: refill
(once / 3759 pages)
vn
To refill is to fill something again, the way you refill your motorcycle's gas tank or refill your cat's water bowl when you notice it's almost empty.
You can also refill a prescription, by going to the pharmacy and getting another month's worth of medication. The bottle of pills itself can also be called a refill. People commonly use this word as a noun for the act of filling up, too: "Hey, grab that waiter and ask for a refill on the Cokes!"
WORD FAMILY
refill: refilled, refilling, refills+/ fill: filled, filler, filling, fills, overfill, refill /filled: unfilled/filler: fillers/filling: fillings/overfill: overfilled, overfilling, overfills/refilling: refillings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The state also found additional money in accounts that won’t be refilled with more funds next year.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
I eavesdropped as I emptied ashtrays and refilled mugs.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Then, as gases and magma refill the chamber, it begins to inflate again.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 再注满; 重新装满; 再填; 再补充
n. 替换物; 再注满
vi. 被再注满
时态：refilled, refilling, refills
分布：再装满(58%)，替换物(42%)
→red-,再，重新，fill,装满。
noun countable
■(a container holding) an amount of some material needed to fill up again an object which has become empty （容器的）填充物，填补料；再次填充满…的量
• My pen seems to be running out of ink - I need a refill. 我的钢笔好像没墨水了——我得再去灌满它。
• informal Chuck, you've nearly finished your drink - do you want a refill? 查克，你杯里的酒快喝完了——还想添满吗？
['ri:.fɪl] verb transitive /ˌriːˈfɪl/
■to fill something again 填充物，填补料；再次填充满…的量
• He got up and refilled their glasses. 他起身为他们把杯子重新斟满。
vt. 再装满；再充满
 - replenish
n. 替换物；再注满
 - alternate

Word: shroud
Front: shroud
[ʃraʊd] (宝 12854/14062 -1)
Vocabulary: shroud
(once / 654 pages)
nv
Are the rules of calculus shrouded in mystery to you? The verb shroud means to hide or cover something or someone. The fog might shroud the valley, or that long-sleeved, ankle-length dress might shroud the tan you worked so hard on in Mexico over Christmas break.
It used to be that corpses were dressed for burial not in person’s best outfit but in a shroud — a garment, often white, made to cover the body. When ghosts, zombies or mummies are depicted in rags, they are wearing the remains of their burial shrouds. If you should hide from them by covering yourself with an abandoned tarp, you will be shrouding yourself from sight.
WORD FAMILY
shroud: enshroud, shrouded, shrouding, shrouds+/enshroud: enshrouded, enshrouding, enshrouds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shelves and floor space are shrouded in heaps of soft yarn and fuzzy pompoms.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet the origins of the Avoca Street Christmas light show are shrouded in mystery; there is no consensus about when or why the tradition started.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
As the motorcade entered the base, the sun was shining over Kaneohe Bay with the verdant Koolau mountain range shrouded with clouds in the backdrop.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 寿衣; 覆盖物; 船的横桅索; [电] 护罩
vt. 覆盖; 用裹尸布包
时态：shrouded, shrouding, shrouds
分布：裹尸布(64%)，寿衣(20%)，覆盖物(14%)，用某物覆盖或遮蔽某物(2%)
→来自古英语 scrud,一件衣服，遮盖物，来自 West-Germanic*skrud,切，剪，来自 sker,切， 剪，词源同 shred,shear.引申词义遮盖物，遮蔽物等。
【记】sh死人围着一圈roud＝round等着穿shroud
noun countable
CLOTH 布
■a cloth or long loose piece of clothing that is used to wrap a dead body before it is buried 裹尸布
[ʃraʊd] noun countable
HIDE 隐藏
■a layer of something which covers or surrounds something 遮蔽物；罩；幕
• Everything was covered in a thick shroud of dust. 所有东西上都积了厚厚的一层尘土。
■a situation which prevents something from being known or understood 谜局
• The truth about the accident remains hidden beneath a shroud of secrecy. 事故的真相一直是个谜。
[ʃraʊd] verb transitive
■to hide something by covering or surrounding it 遮蔽；覆盖；隐藏
• Visitors have complained about the scaffolding that shrouds half the castle. 游客们抱怨应架遮蔽了半个城堡。
• Suddenly all the lights went out and the house was shrouded in darkness. 突然，所有的灯都灭了，房子笼罩在一片黑暗中。
• The mist shrouding the valley had lifted by eight o'clock. 笼罩着山谷的薄雾在八点时散去了。
[ʃraʊd] verb transitive
be shrouded in secrecy/mystery
■to be a matter about which very little is known or understood 成了一个谜，笼罩在谜团中
• Her whereabouts have been shrouded in secrecy since she received the death threat. 自从收到死亡威胁后，她的行踪就成了一个谜。
n. 寿衣；覆盖物；船的横桅索； [电] 护罩
 - covering, cerement
vt. 覆盖；包以尸衣
 - invest, house, sheet, roof, cap

Word: booty
Front: booty
[ˈbu:ti] (12826/15290)
Vocabulary: booty
(once / 1229 pages)
n
Booty is treasure — money, jewels, and the like — obtained by criminal means, especially plundering or pillaging. If you're in the Caribbean on vacation, you could spend some time looking for buried pirate booty.
Although booty originally meant stolen goods from war or pirating activities, the term is now sometimes used more generically to mean any riches or treasure. Although you may feel as though you plundered your own bank account to buy new clothes for yourself, all the booty you brought home from the mall might make you decide that it was worth it.
WORD FAMILY
booty: booties
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Look at the war booty,” says one of the Isis fighters in the video.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Fans sang along and shook booties and vied for the kiss cam.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Gregory Hayes, CEO of United Technologies, gets his share of the booty.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 战利品; 获得之物; 赃物; 臀部
分布：战利品(66%)，赃物(29%)，奖励(5%)
→原指奖赏，词源不详。词义受boot（益处）影响。词义由奖赏到战利品可参照英法16，17世纪官方文件letter of marque, 私掠许可证。当时英法政府为发展海上力量，打击对方，鼓励民船海盗船可以对过往商船进行合法抢劫，所掠财物部分作为奖赏。
US [-tˌi] noun
STOLEN GOODS 赃物
uncountable
■any valuable things or money stolen by an army at war or by thieves 战利品，掠夺物；赃物；赃款
UK ['bu:.ti] US [-tˌi] noun
BODY PART 身体部位
countable US slang
■the part of the body that you sit on; bottom 屁股
n. 战利品； [法] 赃物；获得之物
 - prize, capture, theft

Word: refrain
Front: refrain
[rɪˈfreɪn] (研六雅宝 9029/8458 -1)
Vocabulary: refrain
(once / 419 pages)
1v 2n
When someone burps in a quiet classroom it can be hard to refrain from laughing. Use the verb refrain if you have a sudden impulse to do something, and you have stopped yourself from doing it.
It's usually hard to refrain from doing something, because this word is used to describe habits, like smoking, or uncontrollable urges, like laughing. The Latin word refrēnāre is formed from the prefix re- "back" plus frēnāre "to hold a horse back with a bridle." There is a noun refrain, but that's a different and unrelated word.
WORD FAMILY
refrain: refrained, refraining, refrains
USAGE EXAMPLES
That was the refrain when 2016 began with the worst start ever.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The report says lawmakers should refrain from levying the fees until more people are driving electric vehicles.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In another, she holds a placard printed with Sojourner Truth’s famous refrain, “Ar’n’t I a Woman,” on a narrow stretch of Canal Street.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 抑制，克制
n. （诗歌的）叠句，副歌; 经常重复的评价（或抱怨）
vi. 忍耐，节制
时态：refrained, refraining, refrains
分布：避免(42%)，克制(31%)，重复(8%)，抑制(7%)，叠句(6%)，副歌(6%)
→来自拉丁语 refrenare,勒住马嚼子，勒住，控制，来自 re-,向后，往回，frenare,控制，用绳子 勒住，来自 frenum,缰绳，马勒，来自 dher,握住，固定，词源同 firm,during.引申词义克 制，节制。
v.节制,避免,制止n.(诗的)叠句I could not refrain from laughter.我忍俊不禁.
【记】“抑制”的意思大家都熟悉，但要记住“叠句”的意思。
verb intransitive formal
■to avoid doing or stop yourself from doing something 避免；忍住；节制
• We refrained from talking until we knew that it was safe. 我们缄默不语，直到确定安全了才开始说话。
• The sign on the wall said "Please refrain from smoking." 墙上有个牌子，上写“请勿吸烟”。
[rɪ'freɪn] noun countable
■a short part of a song or poem that is repeated, especially between the verses (= the separate parts) （尤指不同的节之间的）副歌，叠歌
■a phrase that is often repeated 一再重复的话；老调
• 'Every vote counts' is a familiar refrain in politics. “每一票都重要”是政治上的老生常谈。
bridle, check, refrain, curb, inhibit, restrain
这组词都有“阻止、抑制、制止”的意思，其区别是：
bridle: 指抑制住强烈的感情或欲望。
check: 多指阻止前进或继续发展。
refrain: 常指暂时对某种行动或冲动的抑制。
curb: 可指急剧或果断的制止，也可指用严格的方法加以控制。
inhibit: 主要指抑制愿望、情绪或念头，也指制止某物的蔓延。
restrain: 含义广，指用强力或权力去阻止或限制某人做某事。
constrain, refrain, restrain
constrain: v.强迫，力劝，是及物动词。
 • A law constrains the government from spending more money than it takes in.   法律限制政府开支大于收入。
refrain: v.抑制，禁止，强调抑制一种冲动，是正式用语，为不及物动词，后接介词from。
 • Students refrain from smoking in the classroom.   学生们克制住不在教师抽烟。
restrain: v.抑制，约束，指通过管束阻止某事发生，是及物动词，其习惯用法是restrain sb. (sth.) from doing。
 • She restrains her dog by walking him on a leash.   溜狗时，她牵着狗来限制它的活动。
vi. 节制，克制；避免；制止
 - deny oneself, forbear from
n. 叠句，副歌；重复
 - repeat, iteration

Word: wellness
Front: wellness
[ˈwelnəs] (12890/-)
Vocabulary: wellness
(once / 17459 pages)
n
Wellness is the opposite of illness. When you're healthy and not suffering from any diseases, you're enjoying a state of wellness.
It might seem like the phrase "health and wellness" is a little repetitive, but the two terms have increasingly distinct meanings. Since the middle of the 20th century, wellness has become the popular term, especially in alternative medicine, to describe health that includes a balance of body, mind, and spirit.
WORD FAMILY
well: unwell, welled, weller, wellest, welling, wellness +/unwell: unwellness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Achieving optimal health and wellness requires that we manage stressors as well as our response to it.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
You’re among the first surgeons general to consider emotional wellness the “third pillar of health,” alongside physical and nutritional wellness.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“You’re keeping that customer close,” said Beth McGroarty, the research director of the Global Wellness Institute, a nonprofit research organization.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 健康
分布：健康(100%)
['wel.nəs] mainly US
noun uncountable
■the state of being healthy 健康
n. 健康
 - health, fitness

Word: decay
Front: decay
[dɪˈkeɪ] (研四六托雅 7931/6007 -K2)
Vocabulary: decay
(once / 303 pages)
nv
To decay means to rot, decompose, break down. Our bodies—anything organic—will decay after death. Broken sidewalks, potholes, graffiti are all signs of urban decay. Tooth decay is something to avoid.
Decay can also mean decline. Anyone, even a great athlete, must exercise regularly to maintain muscle tone—as soon as you stop, the muscles begin to decay. If the strength of the cable signal coming into your house grows weaker over time, you can complain that it has decayed.
WORD FAMILY
decay: decayable, decayed, decaying, decays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Will we just continue to complain while failing to recognize the slow decay of our fine state?
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the time, she was commuting every week to San Francisco to work on Urban Decay.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He mesmerized on the court, his game showing no signs of decay in his 14th season.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）腐烂，腐朽
vi. 衰败，衰退，衰落
n. 腐败、衰退的状态
时态：decayed, decaying, decays
分布：腐烂(63%)，衰退(27%)，腐败(10%)
→de-, 向下。-cay, 同-cad, 掉落，词源同case, accident. 引申义腐烂。
衰退;腐败(de向下＋cay=落下→向下掉→衰退)[cad,cas,cid=fall,表示"落下,降临"]
v./n.腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to (cause something to) become gradually damaged, worse or less 腐蚀；（使）衰败，（使）衰弱
• Sugar makes your teeth decay. 糖能引起蛀牙。
• The role of the extended family has been decaying for some time. 大家庭的作用开始减弱已经有一段时间了。
• Pollution has decayed the surface of the stonework on the front of the cathedral. 大教堂前部的石刻表面已经因为污染受到了侵蚀。
• the smell of decaying meat 腐肉气味
[dɪ'keɪ] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when something decays 腐蚀；衰败，衰弱
• environmental/industrial/moral/urban decay 环境恶化／工业衰退／道德堕落／城市衰落
• dental/tooth decay 蛀牙
• The buildings had started to fall into decay. 那些建筑已经开始败坏了。
• This industry has been in decay for some time. 这行业早就开始息微了。
rot, decompose, decay
这组词都有“烂、腐烂”的意思，其区别是：
rot: 指蔬菜水果或肉类的分解、腐烂。
decompose: 侧重指动物或植物类物体由于内部组织的分解而导致的腐烂过程。
decay: 通常指由良好或完美的状态自然而缓慢地变坏或完全变坏腐烂，或部分地毁坏。
vi. 衰退， [核] 衰减；腐烂， [木] 腐朽
 - fail, flag
n. 衰退， [核] 衰减；腐烂， [木] 腐朽
 - recession, downturn, decline, decomposition
vt. 使腐烂，使腐败；使衰退，使衰落
 - corrupt, septicize

Word: prize
Front: prize
[praɪz] (中高研四六 3686/2125 -K4)
Vocabulary: prize
(once / 131 pages)
1nadjv 2v
A prize is the reward or recognition a winner gets. When you win first prize in your state spelling bee, you might get a medal and a trip to the national competition in Washington, DC.
Many prizes are given for hard work, athletic skill, or superior intellect, but it's also possible to win a prize from sheer good luck. The prize for a winning lottery ticket, for example, might be a million dollars. If your dog comes in first at an obedience competition, you can call her your "prize pup." And if you adore and value that dog more than anything else, you can say you prize her.
WORD FAMILY
prize: prized, prizes, prizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prize is big, and both cities want it badly.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Who is talking about this: It is shortlisted for the 2017 Royal Academy of Engineering Africa Prize.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
His picaresque novel G won the Booker prize in 1972.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 奖赏; 战利品; 值得努力争取的东西
vt. 珍视，珍惜; 估价
adj. 获奖的，有望获奖的; 理应获奖的
时态：prized, prizing, prizes
分布：奖品(32%)，奖金(24%)，奖赏(17%)，珍视(10%)，得奖的(8%)，估价(7%)，奖品的(1%)，一流的(1%)
→来自古法语pris,价格，价值，奖品，词源同price,praise.prize 撬开
n.奖赏,奖金,奖品v.珍视,珍惜I recognized the large-sized prize and seized it.我认出了大号奖品并将它占有.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■something valuable, such as an amount of money, that is given to someone who succeeds in a competition or game or that is given to someone as a reward for doing very good work 奖；奖赏；奖金
• The critics' prize for best film was won by Marc Abbott for 'Belly Laugh'. 马克•阿博特的《捧腹大笑》被评论家们评为最佳影片。
• I won a prize in the raffle. 我在摸彩中获了奖。
• The first (= main) prize is a weekend for two in Bruges. 头奖是布鲁日双人周末游。
• The prize money for literary competitions can be as high as £40 000. 文学创作竞赛的奖金可能高达四万英镑。
■something important and valuable which is difficult to achieve or get 难能可贵的东西；不易达到的目标
• The prize would be her hand in marriage. 最理想的是娶她为妻。
[praɪz] noun countable
no prizes for guessing sth
■something you say when it is very easy to guess something …太容易猜了；不用猜都知道…
• No prizes for guessing where Daniel is. 不用猜都知道丹尼尔在哪里。
[praɪz] verb
LIFT 举起 (ALSO UK also prise) transitive + adverb or preposition
■to move or lift something by pressing a tool against a fixed point 撬，撬开
• I prized the lid off with a spoon. 我用杓子把盖子撬掉了。
• The window had been prized open with a jemmy. 窗户被用撬棍撬开了。
[praɪz] verb
REWARD 奖赏
transitive often passive
■to think that someone or something is very valuable or important 重视，珍视
• In parts of Asia this plant is prized for its medicinal qualities. 在亚洲某些地区，这种植物因其药用价值而倍受重视。
• I prize that intimacy above everything. 我把那种亲密关系看得比甚么都重。
[praɪz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  prize sth out of sb
■to get something from someone with difficulty, especially information or money （费力地）从（某人）那里获得（尤指消息或金钱）
• He's so secretive - you'll have a hard time prizing any information out of him. 他如此守口如瓶——你要从他那打听情况会很困难。
[praɪz] adjective [before noun]
■A prize animal, flower or vegetable is one that has won or deserves to win a prize in a competition because it is of very good quality （指动物、花或蔬菜）得奖的；该得奖的；一流的
• a prize bull 一流的公牛
• a prize marrow 上好的西葫芦
■describes something which is a very good or important example of its type （指某物）极好的；极重要的
• prize assets 重要资产
• slightly old-fashioned Some prize idiot (= extremely foolish person) forgot to lock the door. 有个大傻瓜忘了锁门。
price, prize
price: 价格, The price is high/low.
prize: 奖,奖品,奖金 win the first prize
n. [劳经] 奖品；奖赏；战利品
 - award, capture
vt. 珍视；捕获；估价
 - assess, acquire, evaluate, value, rate

Word: inhibitor
Front: inhibitor
[ɪnˈhɪbɪtə(r)] (宝 12876/10936)
Vocabulary: inhibitor
(once / 17130 pages)
n
An inhibitor is a substance or material that slows down or halts some activity. This word is popular in the chemistry lab, but you might also hear it at a garage. For example, a corrosion inhibitor helps slow down rust.
When you feel inhibited, you feel self-conscious and less likely to do things. In chemistry, an inhibitor has the effect of squelching something, shutting it down, or slowing it. For example, in a car engine, antifreeze is an inhibitor — it prevents or slows the formation of ice. Different substances are inhibitors for different reactions and activities. Think of an inhibitor as chemistry's way of saying "Slow down!" or "Stop!"
WORD FAMILY
inhibitor: inhibitors+/ inhibit: inhibited, inhibiting, inhibition, inhibitor, inhibitory, inhibits/ inhibited: uninhibited / inhibition: inhibitions/ uninhibited: uninhibitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The drug being tested was nivolumab, a type of checkpoint inhibitor, one of the most promising drug classes for cancer.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Checkpoint inhibitors are not working in all patients, just a subset, he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
But that good news comes in the context of unexpected problems with the new drugs, known as PCSK9 inhibitors.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 抑制剂，抑制者; 抗老化剂
分布：抑制物(87%)，约束者(13%)
【反】catalyst（n 催化剂）
n. 抑制剂， [助剂] 抗化剂；抑制者
 - inhibiting agent, restrainer

Word: camcorder
Front: camcorder
[ˈkæmkɔ:də(r)] (12894/13479 -1)
Back: n. 摄像录像机
分布：摄录机(50%)，便携式摄像机(50%)
→来自camera和recorder的合成词。
US [-ˌkɔ:r.dɚ] noun countable
■a combination of a small video camera and recording device, in a single unit which can be held easily in one hand 便携式摄像机

Word: named
Front: named
[neɪmd] (12864/10174)
Back: adj. 指定的
v. 确定( name的过去式和过去分词 ); 决定; 给…取名; 说出…的名字
分布：命名的(80%)，出名的(20%)
N-COUNT
名字;名称;姓名
The name of a person, place, or thing is the word or group of words that is used to identify them.
例：'What's his name?'—'Peter.'...“他叫什么？”——“彼得。” 
例：I don't even know if Sullivan's his real name...我甚至不知道沙利文是否是他的真名。
VERB
给…取名;给…命名
When you name someone or something, you give them a name, usually at the beginning of their life.
例：My mother insisted on naming me Horace.我母亲坚持给我取名叫霍勒斯。
例：...a man named John T. Benson...名叫约翰·T.本森的男人
VERB
(以…)为…命名
If you name someone or something after another person or thing, you give them the same name as that person or thing.
例：Why have you not named any of your sons after yourself?为什么没让哪个儿子用你的名字呢？
VERB
叫出…的名称;说出…的名字
If you name someone, you identify them by stating their name.
例：It's nearly thirty years since a journalist was jailed for refusing to name a source...一名记者因拒绝说出消息来源而入狱已经是近30年前的事了。
例：One of the victims of the weekend's snowstorm has been named as twenty-year-old John Barr.周末暴风雪中的一名罹难者已确认是20岁的约翰·巴尔。
VERB
提出，说出，指出(价格、时间、地点等)
If you name something such as a price, time, or place, you say what you want it to be.
例：Call Marty, tell him to name his price.给马蒂打电话，让他出个价儿。
VERB
提名;任命
If you name the person for a particular job, you say who you want to have the job.
例：The England manager will be naming a new captain, to replace the injured David Beckham...英格兰队主教练将任命新队长，接替受伤的大卫·贝克汉姆。
例：When the chairman of Campbell's retired, McGovern was named as his successor...坎贝尔公司的总裁退休后，麦戈文被选定为继任者。
N-COUNT
名声;名望;声誉
You can refer to the reputation of a person or thing as their name .
例：He had a name for good judgement...他以判断准确而闻名。
例：She's never had any drug problems or done anything to give jazz a bad name.她从没有吸过毒，也没做过任何有损爵士乐名声的事。
N-COUNT
名人;红人
You can refer to someone as, for example, a famous name or a great name when they are well-known.
例：...some of the most famous names in modelling and show business.模特和时装界一些最知名的红人
例：...top names such as Nike, Levi's, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger.耐克、李维斯、CK和汤米·希尔费格之类的顶级名牌
PHRASE
以…的名义;在…的名下
If something is in someone's name, it officially belongs to them or is reserved for them.
例：The house is in my husband's name...房子是我丈夫名下的。
例：A double room had been reserved for him in the name of Muller.已用穆勒的名字为他预订了一个双人间。
PHRASE
代表;以…的名义
If someone does something in the name of a group of people, they do it as the representative of that group.
例：In the United States the majority governs in the name of the people...在美国，多数派代表民众执政。
例：She accepted the gift in the name of the Save the Children Fund.她代表“拯救儿童基金会”接受了礼物。
PHRASE
籍…为由;以…为名
If you do something in the name of an ideal or an abstract thing, you do it in order to preserve or promote that thing.
例：...one of those rare occasions in history when a political leader risked his own power in the name of the greater public good...历史上少有的例子之一，政治领袖为更大的公共利益，甘冒丢官弃职的风险
例：There had been times when she had felt sickened by the things people did in the name of business.有时人们打着做生意的幌子所做的事情让她感到恶心。
PHRASE
(加强提问或要求的语气)看在(上帝、人道等)的份儿上
People sometimes use expressions such as 'in the name of heaven' or 'in the name of humanity' to add emphasis to a question or request.
例：What in the name of heaven's going on?...看在上帝份儿上，这到底是怎么回事？
例：In the name of humanity I ask the government to reappraise this important issue.我以人道的名义请求政府重新评估这一重大问题。
PHRASE
有实无名的;未被认可的
If you say that a situation exists in all but name, you mean that it is not officially recognized even though it exists.
例：...the group, which is now a political party in all but name...这一团体，现在是有实无名的政党
例：It's the end of the doctrine in all but name.这实际上已是该学说的终结，只是未被道明罢了。
PHRASE
以名字;指名道姓地
When you mention someone or something by name, or address someone by name, you use their name.
例：He greets customers by name and enquires about their health.他跟顾客打招呼时直呼其名，并问他们身体可好。
PHRASE
名叫…;以…为名
You can use by name or by the name of when you are saying what someone is called.
例：...a young Australian, Harry Busteed by name...名叫哈里·巴斯蒂德的澳大利亚年轻人
例：This guy, Jack Smith, does he go by the name of Jackal?这个叫杰克·史密斯的家伙是不是还有个名字叫杰凯尔？
PHRASE
谩骂;对…口出恶言
If someone calls you names, they insult you by saying unpleasant things to you or about you.
例：At my last school they called me names because I was so slow...在之前的学校，因为我反应慢，他们骂过我。
例：They had called her rude names.他们用粗鲁的言语谩骂她。
PHRASE
最重要的东西;实质
If you say that something is the name of the game, you mean that it is the most important aspect of a situation.
例：Family values are suddenly the name of the game...家庭价值观突然变得重要起来。
例：The name of the game is survival.重要的是活下去。
PHRASE
支持，赞同(事业、项目等)
If you lend your name to something such as a cause or project, you support it.
例：He had political points of view and lent his name to a lot of causes.他很有政治见解，对很多事业都予以支持。
PHRASE
(因…)成名;(以…)出名
If you make a name for yourself or make your name as something, you become well-known for that thing.
例：She was beginning to make a name for herself as a portrait photographer...她开始成为一个小有名气的人像摄影师。
例：He made his name with several collections of short stories.他是以几部短篇小说集成名的。
PHRASE
点出(或指出)(做错事者)的名字
If you name names, you identify the people who have done something, often something wrong.
例：Nobody was prepared to risk prosecution by actually naming names.没有人愿意冒着被起诉的风险去真正指认别人。
PHRASE
(指报纸或官方机构)曝光，点名，指名(业绩差或犯错的人)
If something such as a newspaper or an official body names and shames people who have performed badly or who have done something wrong, it identifies those people by name.
例：The government will also name and shame the worst performing airlines.政府还将曝光业绩最差的航空公司。
PHRASE
在名义上;有名无实地
If you say that a situation exists in name only, you mean that it does not have the status or position that it claims to have.
例：Many of the groups exist in name only...许多团体实际上是有名无实。
例：He is commander-in-chief in name only.他只是名义上的总司令。
PHRASE
凡是你说得出的，凡是你能想到的(应有尽有)
You say you name it, usually after or before a list, to indicate that you are talking about a very wide range of things.
例：Pickled cucumbers, jam, pickled berries, tomatoes; you name it, they've got it...酸黄瓜、果酱、腌浆果、西红柿，凡是你说得出的，他们都有。
例：I also enjoy windsurfing, tennis, racquetball, swimming, you name it.我也喜欢帆板、网球、短柄墙球、游泳等等，不一而足。
adj. 命名的；指定的；被指名的
 - assigned, appointed
v. 命名；任命（name的过去分词）；称呼
 - appointed

Word: eagerness
Front: eagerness
['i:gənɪs] (12855/14247)
Vocabulary: eagerness
(once / 446 pages)
n
Eagerness is a characteristic of being excited and prepared to do something. Shooting your hand in the air and shouting, "Me! Me!" when your teacher asks for a volunteer is a good way to show your eagerness.
A basketball team displays its eagerness by running onto the court at the start of the game, and a puppy's eagerness to lick your face and nibble your fingers is either the cutest thing about it, or one of the many reasons you don't like puppies. Eagerness and eager are both positive words, but in the thirteenth century eager meant "fierce or angry," and it shares a Latin root with the sour word acrid, or "bitter."
WORD FAMILY
eagerness: eagernesses+/ eager: eagerer, eagerest, eagerly, eagerness, overeager, uneager/overeager: overeagerly
USAGE EXAMPLES
China’s eagerness to act, analysts say, also reflected a desire by the government to raise its profile on environmental issues.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But amazingly, I was able to bury this realization beneath my embarrassment and eagerness to get on with the next phase of my life.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Beyond signaling toughness and an eagerness to fight, it accomplished little.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 渴望，热心，热切
分布：渴望(74%)，热心(26%)
ADJ-GRADED
热切的;渴望的
If you are eager to do or have something, you want to do or have it very much.
例：Robert was eager to talk about life in the Army...罗伯特很想谈谈陆军生活。
例：When my own son was five years old, I became eager for another baby...我家儿子5岁的时候，我特别想再要一个孩子。
ADJ-GRADED
（看起来或听上去）急切的，期盼的
If you look or sound eager, you look or sound as if you expect something interesting or enjoyable to happen.
例：Arty sneered at the crowd of eager faces around him...阿蒂对他身边那些期盼的面孔嗤之以鼻。
例：Her voice was girlish and eager.她的声音像个小姑娘似的，而且带着一股急不可耐。
n. 渴望；热心
 - enthusiasm, aspiration, avidness

Word: macaroni
Front: macaroni
[ˌmækəˈrəʊni] (12829/34758)
Vocabulary: macaroni
(once / 3562 pages)
1n 2n
Macaroni is a short, skinny, tube-shaped pasta. Many kids — and adults — would name "macaroni and cheese" as one of their favorite foods.
At some Italian restaurants, you can order macaroni as a side dish, and it's easy to cook at home with tomato sauce or butter and cheese. Macaroni and cheese can be cooked on the stove or baked in the oven with a crunchy breadcrumb topping. Macaroni began to have the second meaning of "fop" or "dandy" around 1780, named for the well-traveled youths who ate what was considered fancy and exotic at the time — macaroni.
WORD FAMILY
macaroni: macaronies, macaronis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Successful by their own measures, Karen and Matt live in a converted macaroni factory, spitting distance from several pretentious coffeehouses.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
This is followed by macaroni and cheese, BBQ beans and a rack of ribs that is pretty much larger than I am.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Ms. Christensen’s beloved macaroni au gratin, her first Slow Food Fast recipe, is mac and cheese dialed up to 11.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 意大利粉，通心面
分布：通心粉(100%)
→来自意大利语maccarone,一种面团制成的食物，可能来自maccare,捣，压碎，词源同macaroon.后用于指这种面团制成的通心粉。
US [-ə'roʊ-] noun uncountable
■a type of pasta in the shape of small tubes 通心粉；通心面
n. 通心粉；通心面条；纨绔子弟
 - penne, buck

Word: gamma
Front: gamma
[ˈgæmə] (托 12856/10849 -1)
Back: n. 希腊字母表的第三个字母; 微克; [物]伽马; [虫]V纹蛾
分布：微克(100%)
→来自希腊字母G的发音。
(also γ) ['gæm.ə] noun countable
■the third letter of the Greek alphabet 希腊语字母表的第三个字母 Compare alpha ; beta
n. 微克；希腊语的第三个字母
 - microgramme

Word: impeccable
Front: impeccable
[ɪmˈpekəbl] (托宝 12871/11260 -1)
Vocabulary: impeccable
(once / 4553 pages)
adj
The adjective impeccable describes something or someone without any flaws. A stand-up comedian needs impeccable timing for his jokes to work.
The adjective impeccable refers to something or someone without marking or error — but it can also mean to be spotless or clean. The word comes from the Latin impeccabilis and means "to be sinless," which is also one of the senses, now outdated, in English. You can see how "clean" comes from "sinless." Because of the messy nature of picnic food, it is highly unlikely that you would leave with your clothing still as impeccable as when you arrived, especially if you like mustard and ketchup!
WORD FAMILY
impeccable: impeccability, impeccably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were fascinated by the lizard’s impeccable choppers, which they say reminded them of President Obama’s smile.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
Both men speak impeccable English, are well-educated and do not seem vulnerable in any particular way, except they happen to be from Syria.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And still, through the madness and confusion, the first lady handles the Trumps with impeccable class.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 无缺点的，无瑕疵的; 不会做坏事的
n. 不会作坏事的人; 毫无缺点的人
分布：无懈可击的(63%)，无瑕疵的(37%)
→im-,不，非，peccable,易犯罪的，易犯过失的。即无过失的，后引申词义无瑕疵的。
无瑕疵的(im+pecc斑点+able→无斑点的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
【记】im无，pecc斑点，犯罪，able－无瑕疵的
【参】peccadillo（n 轻罪；小过失）
【反】faulty（adj 有过失的；不完善的；有缺点的）
adjective
■perfect, with no problems or bad parts 完美的，无可挑剔的
• impeccable taste/manners/credentials 无可挑剔的品味／举止／资历
• His English is impeccable. 他的英语无懈可击。
adj. 无瑕疵的；没有缺点的
 - stainless, flawless

Word: promulgate
Front: promulgate
[ˈprɒmlgeɪt] (托宝 12844/15295 -1)
Vocabulary: promulgate
(once / 1658 pages)
v
To promulgate is to officially put a law into effect. Your state may announce a plan to promulgate a new traffic law on January 1st.
Laws aren't the only things you can promulgate. The word promulgate comes from the Latin word promulgatus, meaning "make publicly known." Someone can promulgate values, belief systems, and philosophies — it just means they're promoted or made public. For example, you might write an article to promulgate the benefits of eating only organic foods.
WORD FAMILY
promulgate: promulgated, promulgates, promulgating, promulgation, promulgator+/ promulgation: promulgations/promulgator: promulgators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man, Edgar M. Welch, told the authorities he planned to help rescue children after reading articles that promulgated the fake news story.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Other provisions would prescribe standards and allow the state to promulgate telehealth rules.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
But the more than 170,000 pages of the Code of Federal Regulations contain tens of thousands of rules promulgated by largely unaccountable agencies.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣扬（某事物）; 传播; 公布; 颁布（法令、新法律等）
时态：promulgated, promulgating, promulgates
分布：颁布(52%)，发布(32%)，发表(16%)
→来自拉丁语promulgare,公开宣传，宣布，使为公众所知，来自pro-,向前，-mulgere,挤奶，词源同milk,emulsion.比喻用法。或来自provulgare的拼写变体，来自pro-,向前，-vulgare,公开，使为公众所知，词源同vulgar,divulge.
【记】pro前，mulg人民，ate－放在人民前面－颁布pro前，mu木，l，gate门：向前开木门，出来后颁布
【反】keep secret（保密）
US ['prɑ:.məl-] formal
verb transitive
SPREAD 散布
■to spread beliefs or ideas among a lot of people 传播，宣扬（思想或信仰）
UK ['prɒm.əl.geɪt] US ['prɑ:.məl-] formal
verb transitive
ANNOUNCE 宣布
■to announce something publicly, especially a new law 颁布，公布（尤指新法律）
• The new law was finally promulgated in the autumn of last year. 新法律最终于去年秋天颁布。
vt. 公布；传播；发表
 - deliver, post, notify, transmit

Word: elegantly
Front: elegantly
['elɪɡəntlɪ] (12860/14382)
Back: adv. 优美地，雅致地，高雅地
分布：优美地(75%)，雅致地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
（人或物）典雅的，雅致的，优美的
If you describe a person or thing as elegant, you mean that they are pleasing and graceful in appearance or style.
例：Patricia looked beautiful and elegant as always.帕特里夏一如既往地美丽优雅。
例：...an elegant restaurant.雅致的餐厅
ADJ-GRADED
（文字、想法、计划等）简洁的，简练的，巧妙的
If you describe a piece of writing, an idea, or a plan as elegant, you mean that it is simple, clear, and clever.
例：The document impressed me with its elegant simplicity.那份文件的简洁明了给我留下了深刻印象。
adv. 优美地
 - daintily, delicately

Word: upside
Front: upside
[ˈʌpsaɪd] (12789/35560)
Back: n. 好处; 上边; （糟糕局面的）好的一面; 颠倒着
分布：潜力(54%)，上面(27%)，优势(9%)，上方(6%)，上部 上涨(4%)
noun only singular
■the advantage of a situation 优点；好处；有利的一面
• It's annoying that we can't travel until Thursday, but the upside is that the fare's cheaper then. 烦人的是我们要等到周四才能出发去旅行，但好处是到时票价会便宜些。
Compare downside
n. 上部；上面；上边
 - top, upper part

Word: apocalyptic
Front: apocalyptic
[əˌpɒkəˈlɪptɪk] (宝 12862/19884 -1)
Vocabulary: apocalyptic
(once / 6762 pages)
adj
The lyrics of a popular song from the 1980’s by the band REM go, “It’s the end of the world as we know it.” This song’s tune may be catchy but the sentiment is rather apocalyptic — since it refers to the final destruction of the world.
The base word of apocalyptic, apocalypse, means "ultimate doom." This scenario is most famously described in the Bible’s Book of Revelation, but the concept is used in reference to many extreme catastrophes. For example, the devastating conditions left behind after a hurricane or tornado has hit an area can be said to be apocalyptic. Often, this adjective is used for exaggeration, so you could also use apocalyptic to describe the bad haircut you just got.
WORD FAMILY
apocalyptic: apocalyptically+/ apocalypse: apocalypses, apocalyptic, apocalyptical
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the most apocalyptic scenario for Europe, the eurozone begins to disintegrate, followed soon afterwards by the EU itself.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Doomsday: 10 Ways the World Will End The apocalyptic series wraps its run with a double episode.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And yet, there is nothing apocalyptic in Hurtado’s drawings, nothing that reveals fear of disaster and ultimate doom.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 天启的; 启示录的; 决定性的; 预示大灾变的
分布：启示的(82%)，预示灾祸的(18%)
【记】来自apocalypse（n 天启，启示）apo远离，cal＝call打电话。远远的打电话，比如从纽约，那一定是到了世界末日了。
【反】inconsequential（adj 不合逻辑的；无关紧要的）
US [-ˌpɑ:.kə-] adjective
■showing or describing the total destruction and end of the world, or extremely bad future events 预示大灾难的，预言世界末日的
• apocalyptic visions of a nuclear confrontation 对核对抗灾难性后果的描述
• apocalyptic warnings about our destruction of the environment 对人类破坏环境可能带来毁灭性后果所作的警示
adj. 启示录的；天启的
 - revelational

Word: weathered
Front: weathered
['weðəd] (12831/20903)
Vocabulary: weathered
(once / 3266 pages)
adj
Weathered things are worn by use, time, or weather, like the weathered shingles on a beachside cottage or an elderly man's weathered face.
Your favorite sneakers will look weathered by the end of the summer. And, the weathered Canadian flag your brother hung outside your house back when he was a hockey fan should probably be replaced with a Union Jack now that his favorite spectator sport is cricket. Weathered comes from the verb weather, which first meant just "come through safely," before gaining the meaning "wear away by exposure," like the paint on a boat over time.
WORD FAMILY
weathered: unweathered+/ weather: weathered, weathering, weathers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The old mixes with the new: Modern architecture is often juxtaposed with weathered wooden structures that appear ancient.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Like the film’s title character, the artist, Tyrus Wong, weathered irrevocable separation from his mother, incarceration, isolation and rigorous interrogation — all as a child.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
It also weathered plummeting oil prices and the surprising outcomes of Britain’s vote to leave the European Union and Donald Trump’s U.S. presidential election win.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: 风化的
分布：饱经风霜的(58%)，被风化的(28%)，动词weather的过去式和过去分词形式.(14%)
N-UNCOUNT
天气
The weather is the condition of the atmosphere in one area at a particular time, for example if it is raining, hot, or windy.
例：The weather was bad...天气很糟。
例：I like cold weather...我喜欢冷天。
V-ERG
(使)风化;(使)褪色;(使)受到侵蚀
If something such as wood or rock weathers or is weathered, it changes colour or shape as a result of the wind, sun, rain, or cold.
例：Unpainted wooden furniture weathers to a grey colour...没有上漆的木制家具会褪成灰色。
例：This rock has been weathered and eroded.这块岩石经风吹日晒已被侵蚀。
VERB
经受住，渡过(难关等)
If you weather a difficult time or a difficult situation, you survive it and are able to continue normally after it has passed or ended.
例：The company has weathered the recession...这家公司从经济萧条中挺了过来。
例：The government has weathered its worst political crisis.政府平安度过了其最严重的政治危机。
PHRASE
警惕;密切注意；留心观察
If you keep a weather eye on someone or something, you stay alert so that you will notice if anything unpleasant happens.
例：Street committees keep a weather eye on the families in their district.街道委员会留意所辖区域内的家家户户。
PHRASE
夸大…的困难；对…小题大做
If you say that someone is making heavy weather of a task, you are critical of them because they are doing it in an inefficient way and are making it seem more difficult than it really is.
例：Some of the riders in this section made heavy weather of the cross-country race.这个环节的部分骑手夸大了这场越野比赛的困难。
PHRASE
身体不适;微恙
If you say that you are under the weather, you mean that you feel slightly ill.
例：I was still feeling a bit under the weather.我仍觉得身体有些不舒服。
adj. [地质] 风化的；倾斜的
 - gradient, efflorescent

Word: dish
Front: dish
[dɪʃ] (中高 1935/2709 -K3)
Vocabulary: dish
(once / 164 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A dish is something on which you serve, cook, or eat food. You need an extra large dish to make a casserole big enough to feed your entire extended family.
You can use the noun dish to talk about the enamel, ceramic, metal, or plastic vessel your food is in, and you can also use it for the food itself. You might say, "This macaroni and cheese was my great aunt Mathilda's favorite dish." When you serve it, you can say that you "dish it out" — although figuratively, this also means "administer punishment."
WORD FAMILY
dish: dished, dishes, dishful, dishing, dishy+/dishful: dishfuls/dishy: dishiest, dishyer
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family restaurant chain Hanaya decided to pull eel dishes from its summer menu.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The entrée was a Chinese-style dish of pasta with chopped vegetables.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The women on the left side, in contemporary 17th century attire, are preparing a very specific dish.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 盘; 餐具; 一盘食物; 外貌有吸引力的人
vt. 盛于碟盘中; 分发; 使某人的希望破灭; 说（某人）的闲话
vi. 成碟状
时态：dished, dishing, dishes
分布：盘(54%)，碟(19%)，一道菜(10%)，菜肴(10%)，闲谈(4%)，碟状物(1%)，使成碟状(1%)，装盘(1%)
→来自disk, 圆盘，后该词用于餐具圆盘。
n.碟子,盘子,菜肴The fisherman wishes to finish the dish of reddish fish.渔夫希望做完那盘略带红色的鱼.
noun
CONTAINER 容器
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a container, flatter than a bowl and sometimes with a lid, from which food can be served or which can be used for cooking 碟子，盘子
• an oven-proof dish 可用于烤箱的盘子
⇒ See also satellite dish
the dishes [plural]
■all the plates, glasses, knives, forks, etc. that have been used during a meal （就餐用过的）餐具
• Have you done/washed the dishes? 你洗完餐具没有？
[dɪʃ] noun
FOOD 食品
 ADVANCED countable
■food prepared in a particular way as part of a meal 菜
• a chicken/vegetarian dish 用鸡肉做的菜／素菜
[dɪʃ] noun
ATTRACTIVE PERSON 有魅力的人
only singular old-fashioned
■a sexually attractive person 性感的人
• He's gorgeous - what a dish! 他太棒了——非常性感！
[dɪʃ] verb
dish the dirt
■to tell people unpleasant or shocking personal information about someone 说人间话，揭短
• She agreed to dish the dirt on her ex-husband for a fee of fifty thousand pounds. 她同意接受五万英镑揭前夫的短。
[dɪʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dish sth out informal
■to give or say things to people without thinking about them carefully （未经仔细考虑地）给出，说出
• Doctors are short of time to listen and are therefore keen to dish out drugs whenever they can. 医生通常没有时间倾听病人的诉说，因此总是一有机会就急于开药。
• He's very keen to dish out criticism. 他非常热衷于发表批评意见。
■to give or serve food to people 分发，上（饭菜）
• Jon, could you dish the carrots out for me, please? 乔恩，请给我来点儿胡萝卜好吗？
they can dish it out but they can't take it informal old-fashioned
■said when someone often criticizes other people but does not like it when people do the same to them 批评别人头头是道，轮到自己就承受不起
[dɪʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dish (sth) up UK informal
■to make or serve a meal 做（饭）
• Come to the table everybody - I'm ready to dish (supper) up. 大家上桌吧——我已经准备好（晚饭）了。
• What's the canteen dishing up for us today? 食堂今天给我们吃甚么？
[dɪʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dish sth up
■to produce something 提供，拿出
• The offer is better than anything the other airlines can dish up. 这个报价比其他航空公司能提供的任何东西都好。
dish, plate
这组词都有“盘子”的意思，其区别是：
dish: 是盘子的总称。
plate: 指供个人分菜食用的盘子。
n. [轻] 碟，盘；一道菜
 - plate, course
vi. 成碟状；闲谈
 - visit, chin music

Word: trucker
Front: trucker
[ˈtrʌkə(r)] (12848/26789 -1)
Back: n. 卡车司机; 物物交易者; 小贩
分布：卡车司机(95%)，生意人(5%)
US [-ɚ] UK and US (Australian truckie)
noun countable
■someone whose job is driving trucks 货车司机，载重汽车司机
n. 卡车司机；从事货车运输业者
 - lorry driver, cartman

Word: cornmeal
Front: cornmeal
[ˈkɔ:nmi:l] (12884/-)
Back: n. <美>（粗磨）玉米粉，其他谷物磨的粉，<苏格兰>（燕）麦片
分布：麦片(47%)，玉蜀黍粉(30%)，玉米片(23%)
US ['kɔ:rn-] noun uncountable
■rough yellow flour made from maize , used to make bread, tortillas , etc. （粗）玉米粉，玉米面
n. 燕麦片；玉蜀黍粉；谷物粉
 - rolled oats, oatmeal

Word: fodder
Front: fodder
[ˈfɒdə(r)] (宝 12879/14620 -1)
Vocabulary: fodder
(once / 2696 pages)
1nv 2n
Fodder is cheap food, usually given to livestock animals like cows. If you gave a cow caviar or homemade scones, that would not be fodder. Try cornstalks.
Fodder is not just used to describe cattle feed. We use the word to talk about other kinds of feeding that don't involve actual food. A new celebrity marriage is fodder for gossip magazines. In war, the soldiers most likely to be killed, are called cannon fodder, from the times when armies used canons instead of drone aircraft dropping missiles.
WORD FAMILY
fodder: foddered, foddering, fodders
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in some cases, the silence was deafening, and what wasn’t explained provided fodder for conversation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He was closing one self-investigation but providing fresh fodder for another.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They say limited hunting allows for a controlled elimination of weak animals, while earning funds for fodder and other care for the herds.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 草料; 炮灰; <美>管自己的事; 自己谋生
v. 用饲料喂
时态：foddered, foddering, fodders
分布：饲料(81%)，素材(17%)，专门的工具(2%)
→来自food, 食物。该物用做动物的饲料，草料。
【记】fod＝food食物－动物的食物－草料
US ['fɑ:.dɚ] noun uncountable
ANIMAL FOOD 动物的食物
■food that is given to cows, horses and other farm animals （乳牛、马等家畜的）饲料，秣
UK ['fɒd.ər] US ['fɑ:.dɚ] noun uncountable
USEFUL PEOPLE/THINGS 可利用的人／物
■people or things that are useful for the stated purpose （为实现某目的）可利用的人（或物）；素材
• Politicians are always good fodder for comedians (= they make jokes about them). 政客们往往是喜剧作家的好素材。
See cannon fodder
n. 饲料；素材
 - feed, forage

Word: dependable
Front: dependable
[dɪˈpendəbl] (托 12873/19000 -1)
Vocabulary: dependable
(once / 4819 pages)
adj
Dependable means "reliable, steady, trustworthy." If people can always count on you, that means you are dependable.
The adjective dependable can also mean consistent in performance or behavior, like a dependable car that always starts and rarely needs service or a dependable actor who always does a great job, regardless of the role. Dependable can also be used to describe something that is financially sound, like an investment that brings profit with little risk.
WORD FAMILY
dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable+/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependency: dependencies/ dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent / independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent / interdependence: interdependences/interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before TABOR, property tax was a dependable source of revenue.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He started when Robinson was benched against New Orleans and seems like he would be the most dependable option as Jared Goff’s blindside protector.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Later he describes the dependable range of reaction from audiences: “They either hate you or they don’t completely hate you.”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可信赖的，可靠的; 准; 塌实; 踏实
分布：可靠的(92%)，可信赖的(8%)
可靠的(de+pend+able)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
【记】pend挂一挂在老江的身边一可靠的depend（vi 依靠；依赖）
【反】unpredictable（adj 不可预知的）
adjective
■If someone or something is dependable, you can trust them or have confidence in them 可以信赖的，可以信任的
• I need someone dependable to look after the children while I'm at work. 我上班的时候需要有一个可靠的人来照顾孩子们。
• a dependable car （性能）可靠的汽车
adj. 可靠的，可信赖的；可信任的
 - reliable, responsible, tried, honest, safe

Word: gunner
Front: gunner
[ˈgʌnə(r)] (12836/10733 -1)
Back: n. 炮手，枪手; 火炮瞄准手; 猎枪手
分布：炮手(59%)，枪手(41%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a member of the armed forces who is trained to use artillery (= very large guns) 炮手

Word: inescapable
Front: inescapable
[ˌɪnɪˈskeɪpəbl] (12878/13767 -1)
Vocabulary: inescapable
(once / 8237 pages)
adj
Something that's inescapable is impossible to get away from. A reluctant swimmer may stop trying to talk his mom out of making him go to swimming lessons once he realizes that learning to swim is inescapable.
Any force or occurrence or duty that you just can't avoid is inescapable. Feeling angry at people you love sometimes is inescapable, and children growing older is also inescapable. The adjective combines the prefix in, or "not, the opposite of," with escapable, which comes from the Vulgar Latin word excappare, literally "get out of one's cape," or "leave a pursuer holding just one's cape."
WORD FAMILY
inescapable: inescapably+/ escape: escaped, escapee, escapes, escaping, escapism, inescapable /escapee: escapees/ escapism: escapist / escapist: escapists
USAGE EXAMPLES
New Year’s Eve in New York City will always be an inescapable occasion, one on which its residents rally and reach for one another.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Firing a manager carries inescapable connotations, none of which anyone involved would really wish to be levelled at Bradley.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The title track, “Faith,” became a pop culture staple, thanks to the infectious beat and inescapable music video.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可避免的，逃避不了的; 不可推卸
分布：不可避免的(95%)，无法逃脱的(5%)
→in-,不，非，escape,可逃避的。
adjective
■If a fact or a situation is inescapable, it cannot be ignored or avoided. 不可忽视的；不可避免的
adj. 不可避免的；逃脱不了的
 - inevitable, unavoidable, unescapable

Word: onlooker
Front: onlooker
[ˈɒnlʊkə(r)] (雅 12883/11544 -1)
Vocabulary: onlooker
(once / 2528 pages)
n
An onlooker is someone who watches something but isn't directly involved in it. The spectators at a boxing match or a dog show or a marathon are all onlookers.
If you observe an event but you don't participate in it, you're an onlooker. The event itself might be a performance of some kind, like a concert or a football match, or it might be some undesirable occurrence: "The firefighters battled the blaze while onlookers watched in horror." Onlooker dates from the early seventeenth century, from the sense of "looking on."
WORD FAMILY
onlooker: onlookers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amused onlookers posted photos of the sign on social media.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Onlookers donning oversized 2017 eyeglasses and green Statue of Liberty hats were screened by police Saturday afternoon ahead of the midnight bash.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Their whiskery, puppy-like faces and lolling, seemingly serene behavior often delights onlookers.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 旁观者，目击者; 观众（等于spectator）
分布：旁观者(100%)
US ['ɑ:nˌlʊk.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who watches something that is happening in a public place but is not involved in it 旁观者，围观者
• A crowd of curious onlookers soon gathered to see what was happening. 很快聚拢了一群好奇的围观者看发生了甚么事。
n. 旁观者；观众（等于spectator）
 - audience, spectator

Word: pun
Front: pun
[pʌn] (宝 12887/14108 -1)
Vocabulary: pun
(once / 1915 pages)
nv
A pun is a play on words. If a bird flying overhead takes a poop on the cake you’re carrying, you could say “Isn’t that just the icing on the cake!” But only if you want to be punny.
Friend of the double entendre and other witticisms, a pun is a comedic phrase that plays off of the sounds and double meanings of words. Puns can be quite clever, but often come off as silly, cheeseball attempts at humor. That's probably why any good comedian will tell you that "a pun is a short quip followed by a long groan."
WORD FAMILY
pun: punned, punning, puns, punster+/punning: punnings/punster: punsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the break in their nose, how well they pun, where their morals lie, how they eat crisps.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Wilson found Nabokov’s proclivity for punning intolerable and told him so repeatedly.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
The Haggler enjoys a silly pun as much as the next idiot, but this one was just wrong.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 双关语; 俏皮话
vi. 说双关语
vt. 捣结实
时态：punned, punning, puns
分布：双关语(82%)，说双关语(18%)
→词源不详，可能缩写自拉丁语punctum,点，刺点，词源同point,punch.
【记】Seven days without water make one weak/week 可以有两种理解。七天没有水使人虚弱；七天没有水也成一星期
noun countable
■a humorous use of a word or phrase which has several meanings or which sounds like another word 双关语，语义双关的俏皮话
• She made a couple of dreadful puns. 她说出了几个令人不快的双关语。
• This is a well-known joke based on a pun: "What's black and white and red (= read) all over?" "A newspaper." 这是一个有名的一语双关的俏皮话，“甚么东西通篇有黑有白又有红（红音同读）？”“报纸。”
[pʌn] verb intransitive (-nn-)
■to make a pun 说双关语
vi. 说双关语；说俏皮话
 - crack wise, play on words
n. 双关语；俏皮话
 - equivoke, double-entendre

Word: biologically
Front: biologically
[ -kli] (12839/15705)
Back: adv. 生物学上
分布：生物学地(100%)
生物学地(biological生物学的)[-ly 1.表形容词,通常加在名词后2.表副词,通常放在形容词后]
ADJ
生物的；与生命过程有关的
Biological is used to describe processes and states that occur in the bodies and cells of living things.
例：The living organisms somehow concentrated the minerals by biological processes...生命体通过某种生物过程聚集矿物质。
例：This is a natural biological response.这是自然的生物反应。
ADJ
生物学的
Biological is used to describe activities concerned with the study of living things.
例：...all aspects of biological research associated with leprosy.与麻风病相关的生物学研究的各个方面
例：...the university's school of biological sciences.这所大学的生命科学学院
ADJ
（武器、战争）生物性的，使用细菌的
Biological weapons and biological warfare involve the use of bacteria or other living organisms in order to attack human beings, animals, or plants.
例：Such a war could result in the use of chemical and biological weapons.这样的战争可能导致使用生化武器。
ADJ
（虫害防治）利用生物的
Biological pest control is the use of bacteria or other living organisms in order to destroy other organisms which are harmful to plants or crops.
例：...Jim Litsinger, a consultant on biological control of agricultural pests.农业虫害生物防治顾问吉姆·利钦格
ADJ
（父母）生身的，亲生的
A child's biological parents are the man and woman who caused him or her to be born, rather than other adults who look after him or her.
例：...foster parents for young teenagers whose biological parents have rejected them.被亲生父母抛弃的青少年的养父母
ADJ
（洗衣粉）含酶的，生物性的
A biological washing powder contains substances called enzymes which dissolve dirt.

Word: aggregate
Front: aggregate
[ˈægrɪgət] (托雅宝 12841/5505 -2)
Vocabulary: aggregate
(once / 825 pages)
nadjv
To aggregate is to collect many units into one. If you're writing a novel, you might create a character who is an aggregate of five or six real people.
Aggregate comes from the Latin verb aggregare, which means to add to. As a verb it means to collect into a mass or whole. You can also use it as an adjective, as in your aggregate sales for February, March and April. It can also be a noun. The mountain of foam in bubble bath is an aggregate of small bubbles. If you plan to work in economics or business, expect to see the word aggregate quite a lot.
WORD FAMILY
aggregate: aggregated, aggregately, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation, aggregative, aggregator+/ aggregation: aggregations/aggregator: aggregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fitbit provided data showing daily step count estimates, based on aggregated and anonymized average data from over 10 million users nationwide.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
In Wisconsin the week before the election the aggregate of polls at Real Clear Politics showed Mrs. Clinton up more than six points.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
If it were really true that some of the keenest minds in psychology were doing research wrong, then the aggregate effect would be enormous.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 合计; 聚集体; 骨料; 集料（可成混凝土或修路等用的）
adj. 总数的，总计的; 聚合的; [地]聚成岩的
vt. 使聚集，使积聚; 总计达
时态：aggregated, aggregating, aggregates
分布：集料(55%)，总计(18%)，总的(17%)，合计的(7%)，进球总数(3%)
→前缀ag-同ad-, 向，往。词根greg, 来自词根gre的反复格，gre, 集合，合围，同garden, 围起来的院子。
合计;聚集(ag增加+greg+ate→增加团体→聚集)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】ag作，greg＝group团体，ate动词后缀－做成团体－聚集
【区】aggravate：身上被切了a个v型口－加重aggregate：eg读：一个－聚集成一个！
【参】gregarious（adj 喜社交的）；egregious（adj 异乎寻常的）
【反】isolated units（分离的单位）；disperse（v 使分散）coalesce（v 接合）－disaggregate（v 使崩溃；分解）disaggregate（v 使崩溃；分解）－join together（结合）
noun countable or uncountable /ˈæg.rɪ.gət/
■something formed by adding together several amounts or things; a total 聚集体，集成体；总数，合计
• They purchased an aggregate of 3000 shares in the company. 他们总共买了这家公司的3000股股票。
• Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. 雪花是冰晶松散的凝聚体。
• Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the final on aggregate (= adding together the goals in both matches). 兵工厂队虽然输了第二场比赛，但是凭借进球总数进入了决赛。
adjective [before noun] /ˈæg.rɪ.gət/
■total 合计的，总的；总数的
• The seven companies have an aggregate turnover of £5.2 million. 这七家公司的总营业额为520万英镑。
verb transitive /ˈæg.rɪ.geɪt/
■to combine into a single group or total 使聚集，使积聚
vi. [数] 集合； [物化] [无脊椎] 聚集；合计
 - amount, concentrate, collect, mass, crowd
vt. [数] 集合； [物化] [无脊椎] 聚集；合计
 - assemble, sum
n. 合计； [物化] [数] 集合体； [会计] 总计
 - collective, all told
adj. [植] [无脊椎] [地质] 聚合的； [数] 集合的；合计的
 - collective, polymeric

Word: immortality
Front: immortality
[ˌɪmɔ:ˈtæləti] (12858/15362)
Vocabulary: immortality
(once / 687 pages)
n
If you achieve immortality that means you’ll live forever. If you find a magic potion, maybe you can literally live forever. Otherwise you’ll have to gain immortality by doing something so great that people never forget you.
You may believe immortality can be achieved if you drink enough carrot juice, but so far humans haven’t figured out the secret to living forever. Instead, you’ll often hear immortality used to in relation to magnificent accomplishments. You may gain immortality by painting great works of art, like Michelangelo, or by being a great slugger, like Babe Ruth. The achievements live on, and the fame keeps your memory alive, forever! Or at least for a really long time.
WORD FAMILY
immortality: immortalities+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
While cheese may be, as the legendary editor Clifton Fadiman called it, “milk’s leap toward immortality,” here it is death on a plate.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
To die with the sense of nothing left undone: it’s nothing less than the promise of immortality by other means.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Some scholars say the fermented tea was born around 220 B.C. in China, where it was sipped for detoxification and dubbed the “tea of immortality.”
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 不朽，不朽的声名
分布：不朽(62%)，永生(38%)
→来自immortal,不死的，永生的。
ADJ
不朽的；流芳百世的
Someone or something that is immortal is famous and likely to be remembered for a long time.
例：...the immortal Reverend Dr Spooner.不朽的斯普纳牧师
例：...Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte's immortal love story...《呼啸山庄》，艾米莉·勃朗特不朽的爱情小说
ADJ
不死的;长生的
Someone or something that is immortal will live or last for ever and never die or be destroyed.
例：The pharaohs were considered gods and therefore immortal.法老们被视为神灵，且长生不死。
ADJ
(语句)著名的，不朽的
If you refer to someone's immortal words, you mean that what they said is well-known, and you are usually about to quote it.
例：...Roosevelt's immortal words, 'Speak softly and carry a big stick.'罗斯福的不朽名言——“说话温和,手持大棒”
例：I keep remembering Hannah Pakula's immortal line: 'Hollywood is no place for a woman over forty with a library card.'我一直谨记汉娜·帕库拉的名言：“好莱坞不是年过四十手拿图书证的女人呆的地方。”
n. 不朽；不朽的声名；不灭
 - eternity, perpetuation

Word: loudspeaker
Front: loudspeaker
[ˌlaʊdˈspi:kə(r)] (高研四六 12875/14516 -1)
Back: n. 扩音器，扬声器; 喇叭; 扬场器
分布：扬声器(61%)，喇叭(39%)
→比喻用法。
n.扬声器,扩音器We heard the news over the loudspeaker.我们听见扩音器里广播了这一消息.
US ['laʊdˌspi:.kɚ] noun countable
■a piece of equipment that changes electrical signals into sounds, especially used in public places so that large numbers of people can hear someone speaking or music playing 扩音器，广播喇叭
• Music blared from loudspeakers. 广播喇叭里响起音乐声。
⇒ See also speaker
n. [电子] 喇叭，扬声器；扩音器
 - speaker, mike, horn, amplifier

Word: childlike
Front: childlike
[ˈtʃaɪldlaɪk] (12874/18930 -1)
Back: adj. 孩子般的; 天真的
分布：孩子似的(60%)，天真烂漫的(40%)
孩子般的(child孩子)[-like表形容词"像…一样"]
adjective
■(of adults) showing the good qualities that children have, such as trusting people, being honest and enthusiastic （成人）孩子般的，单纯的，纯真无邪的
• a childlike innocence/quality 孩子般的天真无邪／气质
• All her life she had a childlike trust in other people. 她一辈子都对人怀有单纯的信任。
Compare childish
childish, childlike
childish: 幼稚的。如：It was very childish of him to lose his temper over something so unimportant.
childlike: 孩子般天真的。如：When she won the gold medal, there was childlike smile on her face.

Word: rust
Front: rust
[rʌst] (研四六托雅 10260/14222 -1)
Vocabulary: rust
(once / 469 pages)
1nvadj 2n
Rust is the reddish-brown stuff that forms over time on metal that's gotten wet. Your dad's beat-up old car probably has some rust on it somewhere.
If you leave your bike out overnight in the rain, it'll be fine — you can dry it off the next day. If you leave it out for several rainy weeks, though, your bike will end up with rust on it. Rust appears as brown spots where the combination of water and oxygen has coated the metal with a compound that chemists call an oxide. Rust, which is also a verb, comes from a Germanic root meaning "redness."
WORD FAMILY
rust: rust-colored, rusted, ruster, rusting, rustless, rustly, rusts, rusty +/ rusty: rustier, rustiest, rustily, rustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he showed no signs of rust in his 61-minute win over Evans.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She added that cities in the Rust Belt are “all looking at how immigrant integration plays a part in that revitalization of a city.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Eve Valkyrie, meanwhile, is a full-blown multiplayer space combat sim, throwing the player into chaotic dogfights around the rusting hulks of dead spaceships.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 铁锈; 锈病，锈菌; 荒废，停滞; 锈，锈色
vt. & vi. （使）生锈; [植]害锈病; 变钝，荒废
时态：rusted, rusting, rusts
分布：生锈(54%)，铁锈(26%)，锈菌(16%)，损害(2%)，变成锈色(1%)，赤褐色(1%)
→来自古英语 rust,锈，锈蚀，来自 reudh,红色的，来自 reudh,红色的，词源同 red,russet.
n.铁锈v.(使)生锈Iron rusts easily.铁易生锈.
noun uncountable
■a reddish brown substance that forms on the surface of iron and steel as a result of decay caused by reacting with air and water 锈；铁锈
• patches of rust 斑斑锈迹
■a reddish brown colour that looks like rust 铁锈色；赭色
■any of various plant diseases that cause reddish brown spots （植物的）锈病
[rʌst] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become or cause something to become covered with rust （使）生锈
• Older cars will begin to rust. 旧车将会开始生锈。
• Years of being left out in the rain had rusted the metal chairs. 这些铁椅子由于长年在室外淋雨已经生锈了。
• The floor of the car had rusted away/through (= been destroyed by rust) , so I was careful where I put my feet. 车的底板都锈坏／烂了，所以我放脚时很小心，不能乱踩。
n. [材] [化工] 锈；生锈； [植保] 锈病
 - patination
vt. 使生锈；腐蚀
 - eat, cauterize
vi. 生锈；成铁锈色；变迟钝
 - dull

Word: apricot
Front: apricot
[ˈeɪprɪkɒt] (10300/16007 -1)
Back: n. 杏; 杏仁; 杏树; 杏黄色
adj. 杏黄色的
分布：杏树(50%)，杏子(28%)，杏黄色的(14%)，杏色(8%)
→来自拉丁短语malum precoquum, 早熟的水果。-cot, cook的过去分词，表示熟。apricot 杏，杏子
US [-kɑ:t] noun
FRUIT 水果
countable
■a small round soft fruit with a pale orange furry skin 杏（子）
UK ['eɪ.prɪ.kɒt] US [-kɑ:t] noun
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable
■pale orange 杏黄色
n. [园艺] 杏，杏子；杏树；杏黄色
 - almond

Word: six-year

Word: layered
Front: layered
['leɪəd] (12886/20846 -1)
Vocabulary: layered
(once / 15781 pages)
adj
If your snowman puts aside his heavy parka in favor of an undershirt, a turtleneck, a sweater, and a windbreaker, he's opted for clothing that's layered, which means "having one layer over another."
The root of the word layered — layer — probably came from the Middle English word describing brick layers, who spend their days, as the name suggests, laying bricks or making layered brick walls. It's not just bricks and clothing that get layered, of course: We often use this adjective to describe hairstyles and fancy recipes. What's one of the most useful qualities of bark, plywood, and even our own skin? They're layered.
WORD FAMILY
layer: interlayer, layered, layering, layers+/interlayer: interlayers/ lay: laily, laity, layer, laying, lays, mislay, overlay, underlay /laying: layings/ mislay: mislayed, mislaying, mislays/ overlay: overlaid, overlayed, overlayer, overlaying, overlays/overlayer: overlayers/ underlay: underlaid, underlayed, underlaying, underlayment, underlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
This curry would be a frontrunner for my favourite of all time: it’s so deeply layered with flavour and interest.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Interiors professionals are chilling to cool, simple lines in favor of patterns layered like the pieces above, from Zak + Fox.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The ropes of layered and abraded color in "Not a Mask" resemble the gorgeous mottled-gem surfaces of Ken Price.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 分层的，层状的
分布：分层的(85%)，有夹层的(9%)，动词layer的过去式和过去分词形式.(6%)
ADJ
分层的；层叠的
Something that is layered is made or exists in layers.
例：Maria wore a layered white dress that rustled when she moved.玛丽亚穿一袭白色节裙，一动裙子就窸窣作响。
adj. 分层的；层状的
 - hierarchical, decked

Word: publicized
Front: publicized
[ˈpʌblɪˌsaɪzd] (12866/22107)
Back: v. 宣传（某事物）（尤指用广告）( publicize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：宣传(68%)，公布(26%)，广告(6%)
VERB
宣传；宣扬；推广
If you publicize a fact or event, you make it widely known to the public.
例：The author appeared on television to publicize her latest book...那位作家上电视宣传她的新书。
例：He never publicized his plans.他从未宣传过他的计划。
v. 宣传（publicize的过去分词）；公布；广告
 - promulgated

Word: parable
Front: parable
[ˈpærəbl] (宝 12932/10532 -1)
Vocabulary: parable
(once / 1092 pages)
n
A parable is a short and simple story that teaches a religious or moral lesson. The parable of the Good Samaritan and the parable of the Prodigal Son are just two examples of the many parables attributed to Jesus, as recorded in the four gospels.
Parable descends from the Greek parabolē "a comparison, analogy," from paraballein "to compare," from the prefix para- "beside" plus ballein "to throw." The sense of comparing, or throwing an idea beside another, is at the heart of the word. When you hear a parable, you're meant to use the comparison to learn how to act––the fox's "sour grapes" are compared to your own downgrading of the thing you cannot have.
WORD FAMILY
parable: parables, parabolical
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I promise you it is not a fable or an allegory or a parable of any kind,” he told the Pittsburgh Press upon its release.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A parable of two Americas, in vulgar microcosm.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As Mrs. Miller, Davis steals the show in a seven-minute scene opposite Meryl Streep in this film adaptation of the Broadway play “Doubt: A Parable.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 寓言; 格言
分布：比喻(58%)，寓言(42%)
→来自希腊语parabole,比较，对话，类比，来自para-,在旁，在周围，-bole,扔，投掷，词源同ballet,ballistic.即扔在旁边的，引申词义打比方，讲寓言故事。拼写受-able影响俗化。
【记】para旁边，ble＝ball－把球放在你的旁边，把你比喻成球，象猪一样－比喻
【区】parabola（n 抛物线）
US ['per-] noun countable
■a short simple story which teaches or explains an idea, especially a moral or religious idea （尤指道德或宗教）寓言故事
n. 寓言，比喻；隐晦或谜般的格言
 - comparison, allegory

Word: wholesome
Front: wholesome
[ˈhəʊlsəm] (研六托雅宝 12893/14284 -1)
Vocabulary: wholesome
(once / 437 pages)
adj
Anything wholesome is good for you. Hopscotch is in most cases a wholesome game, since you can't get into much trouble while hopping up and down on the concrete.
Wholesome foods are the ones that your body appreciates, the ones that help you stay healthy. Marshmallows and corn chips aren't what you'd call wholesome, but organically grown fruits and vegetables are. Wholesome can also apply to other things. If you project a wholesome image, other people see you as a decent, moral person, somebody who's trustworthy and not living a secret life of crime. The word wholesome comes from the Old English hal, meaning "healthy."
WORD FAMILY
wholesome: unwholesome, wholesomely, wholesomeness, wholesomer, wholesomest+/unwholesome: unwholesomely, unwholesomeness/ whole: wholely, wholeness, wholes, wholesome, wholly, wholy
USAGE EXAMPLES
The arrangements were meant to appeal to a wholesome, middlebrow Soviet ear, but also to suggest an ancient Russian musical essence.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
This year’s most overhyped trend is a wholesome Danish concept of cosiness, used to sell everything from fluffy socks to vegan shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The women are uniformly wholesome and assume the same pose — one knee is bent and pointed, alertly, upward.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 有益健康的; 健全的; 合乎卫生的
分布：有益健康的(78%)，合乎卫生的(22%)
→来自whole的古义，健康的，词源同healthy,-some,形容词后缀。
a.卫生的;有益的;健康的,有益健康的"Homely food is wholesome," the comedist said on the dome."家常食品有益于健康,"喜剧作家在拱顶上说.
【记】whole（adj 恢复了健康的），some：有益于健康的
【反】tainted（adj 被污染的）；deleterious（adj 有害的）；insalubrious（adj 有害的）；morbid（adj 病的）；noxious（adj 有害的）；sordid（adj 肮脏的）
US ['hoʊl-] approving
adjective
■good for you, and likely to improve your life either physically, morally or emotionally 有益的；有益健康的
• wholesome food 有益健康的食品
• good wholesome family entertainment 有益的家庭娱乐
• He looks like a nice, wholesome, young man. 他看起来是个善良而又健康向上的年轻人。
wholesome, fit, robust, strong, sound, tough, healthy, sturdy, vigorous, well
这组词都有“健康的，强健的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 多指能给人留下身体健康、思想健全或品德良好等印象。
fit: 既可指健壮又可指健全无病。
robust: 强调身体强健。
strong: 既指体格健壮，又指体力或精神上的力量。
sound: 侧重身体各部分或器官没有病，无任何缺陷，即健康。
tough: 着重指人的体格健壮。
healthy: 指身体无病，也可指身心健全、正常的。
sturdy: 侧重于结实的体格。
vigorous: 指人强健有力，精力充沛。
well: 仅指没有疾病，但不一定很健康。
wholesome, healthful, healthy
这组词都有“有益于健康的”的意思，其区别是：
wholesome: 常可与healthful互换并且更常用，更强调有益于、增进、促使、维持身体或精神的健康。
healthful: 比healthy更常用。
healthy: 只在非正式文体中可与healthful换用
adj. 健全的；有益健康的；合乎卫生的；审慎的
 - healthy, calculating, sound

Word: flora
Front: flora
[ˈflɔ:rə] (托宝 11331/6647 -1)
Vocabulary: flora
(once / 461 pages)
n
The flora of a particular area consists of its plant species, considered as a whole. The word also refers to the plant life of a particular era — for example, fossilized plants can help us determine the flora at the time of dinosaurs.
The use of the word flora as referring to a particular area's vegetation has been used by botanists since the 1640s, but it became common with Swedish botanist Linnaeus, who in 1745 wrote "Flora Suecica," a study of the plant life of Sweden. The word was a natural fit, as Flōra was the name of the Roman goddess of flowers. When scientists study a region's flora, they classify their findings and create a descriptive list, which is also called a flora.
WORD FAMILY
flora: florae, floral, floras, multiflora+/ floral: florally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Another aspect of the study suggests the company you keep may also enrich your gut flora — at least in mice.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Israel re-created a mural of local flora and fauna that he showed at the Consortium in Dijon, France, in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （某地区或某时期的）植物群; 植物志; 植物区系; （大写）Flora:[罗神]花神弗洛拉，弗洛拉（女名）
分布：植物(92%)，群落(8%)
→来自拉丁语Flora, 花神，词源同flower, flourish. 18世纪瑞典植物学家林奈借用该词来指植物群。参照fauna.
【源】芙罗拉花神－flower－植物群
【参】fauna（n 动物群）Faunus福纳斯：畜牧农林神；florescence（n 开花期；全盛期）；
US ['flɔ:r.ə] noun uncountable specialized
■all the plants of a particular place or from a particular time in history （某一地点或时期的）植物群
• the flora of the Balearic Islands 巴厘阿里群岛的植物群
• Stone Age flora 石器时代植物群

Word: hooded
Front: hooded
[ˈhʊdɪd] (12936/12834 -1)
Back: adj. 戴头巾的; 有罩盖的; 颈部因肋骨运动而膨胀的
分布：戴头巾的(51%)，有罩盖的(33%)，有兜帽的(16%)
adjective
CLOTHES 衣服
■having a hood 配有风帽的；戴着头套的
• a hooded jacket 有风帽的夹克
• armed and hooded intruders 戴着头套的武装闯入者
['hʊd.ɪd] adjective
EYES 眼睛
■describes eyes which are partly covered by the eyelids because the eyelids are big 眼皮半垂的
• He watched her from under hooded eyelids. 他半张着眼瞧着她。
adj. 有罩盖的，戴头巾的
 - turbaned, cucullate

Word: delegate
Front: delegate
[ˈdelɪgət] (研四六托雅宝 5227/3730 -3)
Vocabulary: delegate
(once / 227 pages)
nv
Delegate lends an official air to passing off your work. If you don't like cleaning the bathroom, you can try to delegate that task to your little brother.
A delegate is also an elected official, or the person who is doing the task you delegated them to do. In presidential primaries in the United States, you do not vote for a candidate, you vote for a delegate whose job it is to vote for that candidate at a convention. Be careful with how you pronounce the end of the word. The elected official is pronounced DE-lə-git whereas delegate as a verb should be DE-lə-gāt.
WORD FAMILY
delegate: delegacy, delegated, delegates, delegating, delegation +/delegacy: delegacies/ delegation: delegations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nebraska law prohibits surgeons from delegating to an unlicensed person.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He concentrates on busting crime and deliberately delegates the handling of the economy to others.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
He says the money will defray the costs for delegates traveling to the nomination convention.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 代表，代表团成员
vt. 委派代表; 授权给; [法律]债务转移
时态：delegated, delegating, delegates
分布：委托(53%)，代表(30%)，委派(11%)，授权(5%)，派 ... 为代表(1%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-leg, 法律，送出，词源同legal, legate. 即依法授权，委托。
代表(de加强+leg+ate→加强法律之人→代表)[leg,legis=law,表示"法律"]
代表(de+leg选+ate...选出来的人...代表)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
n.代表vt.委派...为代表;授权;委托The people delegate their power to the Congress.人民授权予国会.
【记】de，legate（n 使者）－代表
noun countable /ˈdel.ɪ.gət/
 ADVANCED
■a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, especially at a meeting （尤指会议的）代表
• Delegates have voted in favour of the motion. 代表们对这项动议投了赞成票。
• Each union elects several delegates to the annual conference. 每个工会选出数名代表参加年度大会。
verb[ˈdel.ɪ.geɪt/
GIVE 给
intransitive or transitive
■to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you （把…）委派（给…），（把…）委托（给…）；授权（给…）
• As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff). 你作为老板必须要分派工作。
• Authority to make financial decisions has been delegated to a special committee. 财政决策权已经交给一个特别委员会了。
verb[ˈdel.ɪ.geɪt/
CHOOSE PERSON 选中之人
[T + obj + to infinitive]
■to choose or elect someone to speak, vote, etc. for a group, especially at a meeting （尤指会议的）选代表
• A group of four teachers were delegated to represent the school at the union conference. 选出四名教师代表该校出席工会大会。
representative, deputy, substitute, agent, delegate
这组词都有“代表、代理人”的意思，其区别是：
representative: 一般指被选举或委派代表某人或一些人或某个较大团体的人，其职务有时是较长期的。
deputy: 指上级授权代理行事的代表，特指被选择为执行全部或部分公务的人。
substitute: 主要强调某人或某物可以用来代替别的人或物的作用。
agent: 普通用词，通常指经授权代理另一个人或团体，或指在双方之间代表一方起中间作用的人。
delegate: 指一般被派参加某一会议的代表。
n. 代表
 - representation, deputy, behalf of, ambassador

Word: cartoonist
Front: cartoonist
[kɑ:ˈtu:nɪst] (12929/20219 -1)
Vocabulary: cartoonist
(once / 4389 pages)
n
If you're a cartoonist, you draw cartoons for fun or as a job. Political cartoonists make simple drawings that comment on current events or politics.
A cartoon is usually a fairly uncomplicated drawing that tells a brief, funny story, and a cartoonist is a person who creates them. Charles Schulz was a cartoonist who drew the "Peanuts" comic strip for fifty years. Some cartoonists have their cartoons appear weekly or daily in newspapers, while others publish books or draw cartoons for web sites. Cartoonist comes from cartoon, originally "a drawing on strong paper," with its French root carton, "heavy paper or pasteboard."
WORD FAMILY
cartoonist: cartoonists+/ cartoon: cartooned, cartooning, cartoonist, cartoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s bad for the republic is good for columnists and cartoonists, though this time, I admit, the muse’s generosity is less enjoyable.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Trump’s tax simplification couldn’t be simpler to understand, adds cartoonist Tom Toles:
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Humor is a dangerous business in Turkey, though; it’s no wonder that among those arrested is one of the country’s leading cartoonists, Musa Kart.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 漫画家
分布：漫画家(100%)
US [kɑ:r-] noun countable
■a person who draws cartoons 漫画家，卡通画家
n. 漫画家
 - distortionist, caricaturist

Word: persecute
Front: persecute
[ˈpɜ:sɪkju:t] (研六雅宝 12900/13795 -1)
Vocabulary: persecute
(once / 241 pages)
v
To persecute is to make someone suffer or to keep them in bad circumstances. In some parts of the world governments or military groups persecute, or punish, people for religious beliefs, often sending them to prisons or work camps.
You can use the verb persecute to talk about abusive acts against a person or group of people. Persecute is usually used to specify the harm done to a particular group, as when a person is persecuted for his affiliation with a religious group. Those born of a certain race or culture can be targets too. Adolf Hitler became notorious for his orders to persecute the Jewish people.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
persecute / prosecute
But I firmly believe these particular bureaucrats have only one group they plan to monitor and persecute — I mean prosecute — on this issue.
What is it about pursuing legal action that makes people think of harassing someone? Although we're not sure, it turns out that people have been confusing persecute and prosecute from the start.
Prosecute entered English first: probably before 1425 from prosecuten (to follow up or pursue) in Polychronicon by Ranulf Higdon. Higdongot his term from the Latin prōsecūtus, whose root means to pursue. By 1579, prosecute had taken on the sense of pursuing legal action before a court:
His compassion and experience would allow him to prosecute cases that will make us all safer.
Persecute, on the other hand, entered English in 1450 meaning to pursue for the purpose of harming. Before 1450, it had often been confused with prosecuten from (you guessed it) Higdon's Polychronicon. Persecute, however, comes from the Middle French persécuter, to pursue, torment, or begin legal action. Today, persecute can mean harming, harassing, tormenting, or oppressing:
"It was actively involved in every operation to persecute, expel and exterminate the Jews from the very beginning," he said.
Given that persecute and prosecute once both meant shades of to pursue and to begin legal action, perhaps those who confuse the two should be neither prosecuted or persecuted.
WORD FAMILY
persecute: persecuted, persecutes, persecuting, persecution, persecutor+/ persecution: persecutions/persecutor: persecutors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The roughly 1 million Rohingya Muslims are widely described as the world’s most persecuted minority.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Parsis arrived in India in the 10th century after Islamic rulers persecuted them in Persia, modern-day Iran.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The governor of Baghdad, Ali Tamimi, denounced what he described as a "barbaric" act that sought to "persecute and muzzle journalists".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害; 烦扰，困扰; 强求，死缠着要
时态：persecuted, persecuting, persecutes
分布：迫害(79%)，为难(14%)，烦扰(7%)
→per-,完全的，-sec,追求，跟随，词源同execute,sequence.引申词义追踪，猎捕，迫害。
迫害(per始终+secute→从头跟到尾→迫害)[secut,sequ=follow表示"跟随"]
vt.迫害,虐待,困扰Jews were persecuted by the Nazis.犹太人受纳粹迫害.
【记】per全部，secu＝sequ跟随，te：全部跟着你，迫害你
US ['pɝ:-] verb transitive
■to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone （因种族、宗教、政治理念）迫害；虐待；烦扰，纠缠
• Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year regime. 在长达十年的独裁统治期间，宗教信仰上的少数派遭到了迫害和屠杀。
• His latest film is about the experience of being persecuted for being gay. 他最新的一部影片以同性恋者受迫害的经历为题。
• Ever since the news broke about her divorce, she has been persecuted by the tabloid press. 自从她离婚的消息传出后，她一直被八卦小报紧咬不放。
vt. 迫害；困扰；同…捣乱
 - beset, eat at

Word: major
Front: major
[ˈmeɪdʒə(r)] (高研四六托雅 444/392 -K5)
Vocabulary: major
(once / 54 pages)
1adjn 2nvadj 3adj 4adj
Something major is big, big, big! It's major, baby! It's large! Important! Intense! Powerful! Michael Jackson's album "Thriller" was major, eventually becoming the biggest-selling album of all time.
A victory of 98 to 3 might well be called major. If you're a musician, you're probably also familiar with the difference between a minor scale and a major scale. A major scale sounds happy, while a minor one sounds sad. The discovery of life on another planet? Major. Getting into the college of your choice? Major. For everything else, there's "ordinary."
WORD FAMILY
major: majored, majoring, majority, majorly, majors+/ majority: majorities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council and a major obstacle to Middle East peace in the view of the Obama administration.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Traditionally turtles were eaten at major events, like a wedding or a chief’s funeral.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sadly they are even more popular with Asian mainlanders shopping in the major cities, and the ballot/queue system was in full effect there too.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 主要的; 重要的; 大调的; 主修的（课程）
n. 主修科目; 大调; 陆军少校; 成年的
vi. <美>主修，专攻; [美国英语][教育学]主修(in); 专攻
时态：majored, majoring, majors
分布：主要的(58%)，主修(26%)，较多的(4%)，陆军少校(4%)，严重的(4%)，成年人(3%)，举足轻重者(1%)
→来自拉丁语maior,来自*magjos变体，来自来自meg,伟大的，巨大的，词源同magnate,*yos,比较级后缀。引申词义主要的，主修课程等。
较大的;主要的[maj=great,表示"大,伟大"]
a.主要的n.成年人,专业学生,主修课程v.主修The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major.我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难.
US [-dʒɚ] adjective
IMPORTANT 重要的
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■more important, bigger or more serious than others of the same type 较重要的；主要的；重大的
• All of her major plays have been translated into English. 她的主要剧本都被译成了英文。
• Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. 糖是造成蛀牙的主要原因。
• There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor. 这个情况牵涉到两个问题，一个主要的，一个次要的。
• Citrus fruits are a major source of vitamin C. 柑橘类水果是维生素C的重要来源。
• There has been a major change in attitudes recently. 人们的态度近来有重大改变。
• The United States is a major influence in the United Nations. 美国是联合国中具重大影响力的国家。
Compare minor
UK ['meɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] adjective
MUSIC 音乐
[after noun] specialized
■(of music) based on a scale in which there is a whole tone between the second and third notes and a half tone between the third and fourth notes 大调的，大音阶的
• the key of C major C大调
• a concerto in A major A 大调协奏曲
Compare minor
UK ['meɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
OFFICER 军官
■an officer of middle rank in the British, US and many other armed forces such as the US Air Force （英军、美军及其他军队中的）少校
• Her father was a major in the Scots Guards. 她父亲是苏格兰近卫团的少校。
• I met Major Jones last year. 我去年见过钟斯少校。
• [as form of address] Thank you, Major Jones. 谢谢你，钟斯少校。
■the rank above captain in the armed forces 少校（军队中高于上尉的军衔）
UK ['meɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
SPECIAL SUBJECT 专门的学科 US the most important subject that a college or university student is studying, or the student himself or herself （大学生的）专业，主修课程；（大学专业的）主修学生
• What is your major, English or French? 你主修英语还是法语？
• She was a philosophy major at an Ivy League college. 她曾在一所长春藤大学主修哲学
UK ['meɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb
major in sth US
■to study something as your main subject at university 主修，以…为专业
• She majored in philosophy at Harvard. 她曾在哈佛大学主修哲学。
principal, leading, primary, foremost, capital, major, chief, main
这组词都有“首要的，主要的”的意思，其区别是：
principal: 用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。
leading: 侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。
primary: 通常不用于人。用于物时，指在重要性方面占第一位。
foremost: 侧重指在行进或发展过程中居首位。
capital: 着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。
major: 指同其他人或其它物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出。
chief: 拽人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高。
main: 通常只用于物。指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其它物。
adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的；较多的
 - crucial, important, primary, considerable, central
n. [人类] 成年人；主修科目；陆军少校
 - adult

Word: borderline
Front: borderline
[ˈbɔ:dəlaɪn] (12910/14486 -1)
Back: n. 分界线，国界线
adj. 边界上的; 边界附近的; 暧昧的; 不明确的
分布：分界(42%)，边界线(36%)，边缘的(13%)，接近的(9%)
US ['bɔ:r.dɚ-] adjective
■between two different conditions, with the possibility of belonging to either one of them 两可的，临界的；所属不清的
• Only in borderline cases (= cases where students might succeed or fail) will pupils have an oral exam. 只有在处于及格边缘的情况下小学生才会有口试。
• She was a borderline candidate. 她是个不上不下的候选人。
UK ['bɔ:.də.laɪn] US ['bɔ:r.dɚ-] noun only singular
■something that separates two different qualities 分界线
• The borderline between friendship and intimacy is often hard to define. 友谊和亲匿关系之间的界线常常很难界定。
n. 边界线，边界；界线
 - limit, barrier
adj. 边界的；暧昧的
 - vague, frontier

Word: re-evaluate
Front: re-evaluate
[ˈri:ɪˈvæljʊeɪt] None
Back: vt. 再估价
时态：re-evaluated, re-evaluating, re-evaluates
分布：重新评价(78%)，再评价(22%)
→red-,再，重新，evaluate,评估。

Word: listed
Front: listed
['lɪstɪd] (12922/6614)
Back: adj. 列入文物保护名册的; 登记上市的
分布：列出的(98%)，动词list的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
ADJ
（英国的建筑物）列入文物保护名册的
In Britain, a listed building is protected by law against being destroyed or altered because it is historically or architecturally important.
例：...a Grade II Listed 17th century farmhouse.属于二级保护文物的一个17世纪农庄
v. 列出；登记（list的过去分词）
 - cataloged

Word: entirety
Front: entirety
[ɪnˈtaɪərəti] (宝 12896/13851 -1)
Vocabulary: entirety
(once / 3775 pages)
n
The noun entirety describes something that is total or complete, like when you eat a pizza in its entirety, leaving not even one slice for other people.
The noun entirety comes from the Latin word integritas, meaning “untouched” or “whole.” If a televised football game goes long, the announcers might say, "Your local news will air in its entirely after the game." That means the news will be its normal length, not shortened. If you did your assigned reading in its entirety, it means you completed it, reading every page, not just skipping around.
WORD FAMILY
entirety: entireties+/ entire: entirely, entireness, entirer, entires, entirest, entirety
USAGE EXAMPLES
The story, first read in its entirety by Sherlock, is based on an ancient Mesopotamian fable that appears in the Babylonian Talmud.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
His interest is in people and their trajectories; a maximalist, he wants to reveal the entirety of his characters’ lives and minds.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The entirety of Putin’s approach to these matters was foretold in his handling of the American threat to militarily intervene in Syria in 2013.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 整体，全面; 作为一个整体; 完全
分布：全部(100%)
整体(entire完整)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【记】entire（adj 完整的）
【参】entity（n 实体）
US [-'taɪr.ə.tˌi] formal
noun
in its entirety
■with all parts included 作为一个整体；整个；全面地
• I've never actually read the book in its entirety. 实际上我从来没有完整地读过这本书。
n. 全部；完全
 - good and, full

Word: simulator
Front: simulator
[ˈsɪmjuleɪtə(r)] (12924/17235)
Back: n. 模拟装置，模拟器
分布：模拟器(100%)
→simulate,模拟，模仿，-or,表物。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a piece of equipment which is designed to represent real conditions, for example in an aircraft or spacecraft
• People learning to fly often practise on a flight simulator. 学习飞行的人常常在飞行模拟器中进行练习。
n. [自] 模拟器；假装者，模拟者
 - dynamips, emulator

Word: wasteful
Front: wasteful
[ˈweɪstfl] (六 12903/11174 -1)
Vocabulary: wasteful
(once / 2245 pages)
1adj 2adj
Someone who's wasteful uses and disposes of things carelessly. A wasteful child might eat two bites of yogurt and then throw the rest of the container away.
You can be wasteful with your money, spending too much of it on unimportant things. Some people are wasteful with food, ordering too much at a restaurant and leaving most of it on the plate. It's possible to be wasteful with almost anything that you squander without thinking about, including electricity or heat or even your own creative energy. The Latin root of waste is vastus, "empty or desolate."
WORD FAMILY
wasteful: wastefully, wastefulness+/wastage: wastages/ waste: wastage, wasted, wasteful, waster, wastes, wasting/waster: wasters/wasting: wastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s irresponsible to say that all city spending is bad or wasteful.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
It is wasteful, stupid and sets a terrible example to the world.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Here are some ways to say bah humbug to these costly, wasteful ways and embrace a green Christmas in 2016.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 浪费的; 挥霍的; 奢侈的; 〈诗〉荒芜的
分布：浪费的(90%)，挥霍的(10%)
adjective disapproving
■using something in a careless way and causing some of it to be wasted 浪费
• It's wasteful the way you throw so much food away! 你把那么多食物扔掉，太浪费了！
adj. 浪费的，不经济的；奢侈的
 - luxury, dissipative

Word: chime
Front: chime
[tʃaɪm] (12925/16011 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 敲出和谐的乐声; 报时; 机械地重复; 合节奏
n. 合奏钟声，钟乐; 谐音，韵律; 和谐; [航]甲板上的沟
时态：chimed, chiming, chimes
分布：钟(53%)，鸣(31%)，打(9%)，和协(7%)
→来自拉丁词cymbalum,词源同cymbal.
verb intransitive or transitive
■(of bells) to make a clear ringing sound （铃或钟）敲，鸣，响
• In the square the church bells chimed. 广场上教堂的钟声敲响了。
[tʃaɪm] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  chime in informal
■to interrupt or speak in a conversation, usually to agree with what has been said 插话，插嘴（通常表示赞同）
• "It's very difficult, " I said. "Impossible, " she chimed in. 我说：“太难了。”“根本不可能，”她附和道。
• Andy chimed in with his view of the situation. 安迪插进话来，谈了自己对形势的看法。
[tʃaɪm] noun
countable
■a ringing sound 钟声，铃声
• I was woken up by the chimes of the cathedral bells. 我被大教堂的钟声唤醒。
[plural]
■a set of small bells, or objects that make ringing sounds 排钟；（成套）编击乐器
• wind chimes 风铃
vi. 鸣响；和谐
 - cotton
n. 钟声；一套发谐音的钟；和谐
 - accordance, ring, bell, concert

Word: spook
Front: spook
[spu:k] (12870/33501 -1)
Back: n. 鬼; 幽灵; <俚>出没无常行踪古怪的人; 间谍
vt. 鬼怪般地出没; 吓唬，恐吓; （因受惊吓而）逃窜
时态：spooked, spooking, spooks
分布：幽灵(28%)，惊吓(20%)，间谍(20%)，吓唬(20%)，鬼怪般出没(6%)，代写(6%)
→来自荷兰语 spook,鬼怪，幽灵，词源不详，可能改写自 specter,鬼怪，幽灵。引申词义间谍 ， 特工，字面意思即内鬼。
noun countable
SPIRIT 幽灵 informal for
■ ghost (SPIRIT)
• The film was dreadful - all spooks and vampires. 那部电影很可怕——全是些游魂和吸血鬼。
[spu:k] noun countable
PERSON 人 US for spy (SECRET PERSON) .
[spu:k] verb transitive
■to frighten a person or animal 惊吓；吓唬
• Seeing the police car outside the house really spooked them. 看到房子外面的警车，真把他们吓了一大跳。
n. 鬼；幽灵
 - shadow, ghost
vt. 惊吓；鬼怪般地出没
 - scare, take aback
vi. 受惊
 - scare

Word: elongated
Front: elongated
[ˈi:lɒŋgeɪtɪd] (12888/11942)
Vocabulary: elongated
(once / 2815 pages)
adj
Something that's elongated is stretched out, or extended so that it's longer than usual. Some painters, like El Greco, are known for their strange, elongated figures.
Things can be elongated because they're literally pulled and stretched, while others are described this way because they are very long and thin to start with. A young woman's elongated neck or your tall, skinny dad's elongated body are both examples of this. The Latin root is elongare, "to prolong or protract," from longus, or "long."
WORD FAMILY
elongated: elongatedly+/elongate: elongated, elongates, elongating, elongation/elongation: elongations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Virgin Mary’s slender body is elongated, perhaps to optically compensate for the sculpture’s likely placement in a high niche.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
The term amyloid describes a particular type of elongated, unbranched protein fibril.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
These elongated fibres consist of long ribbons of β-sheet with the strands stacked perpendicular to the fibre axis.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: v. 延长，加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：细长的(72%)，拉长了的(21%)，动词elongate的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
US [ɪ'lɑ:ŋ.geɪ.tˌɪd] (specialized elongate)
adjective
■longer and thinner than usual 拉长的；细长的；偏长的
• In the photo her face was slightly elongated. 照片中她的脸显得有些长。
adj. 瘦长的，细长的
 - slender, slight
v. 延长（elongate的过去分词）；把…拉长
 - extended, lengthened

Word: driving
Front: driving
[ˈdraɪvɪŋ] (雅 3712/4514 -K1)
Back: n. 操纵，驾驶
adj. 推进的; 强劲的; 雨、雪等猛烈的; 倾泻而下的
v. 强迫( drive的现在分词); 驱使; 驱赶; 消除
分布：驾驶(80%)，驱动(14%)，推进的(2%)，强劲的(2%)，精力旺盛的(1%)，动词drive的现在分词.(1%)
noun uncountable
■the ability to drive or the way someone drives 驾驶的能力；驾驶的方式
• a driving lesson/school/test 驾驶课程／学校／考试
• She has to do a lot of driving in her job. 她在工作中需要经常开车。
['draɪ.vɪŋ] adjective [before noun]
■strong and powerful and therefore causing things to happen 强而有力的；起推动作用的
• Driving ambition is what most great leaders have in common. 强烈的进取心是大多数杰出领导者的共同特点。
• She was always the driving force behind the scheme. 她总是担当幕后推动者的角色。
driving rain/snow
■rain or snow that is falling fast and being blown by the wind 暴风雨／雪
• Driving snow brought more problems on the roads last night. 昨晚的暴风雪给道路交通带来了更多的麻烦。
adj. 强劲的；推进的；精力旺盛的
 - intruded, pulsive
n. 驾驶；操纵
 - management, manipulation, working, steering
v. 驾驶（drive的ing形式）
 - steering

Word: stranded
Front: stranded
['strændɪd] (宝 12881/10089)
Vocabulary: stranded
(once / 1489 pages)
adj
If you’re stuck somewhere with no way of getting anywhere else, you’re stranded. If you run out of gas while driving in the desert, you'll be stranded until someone finds you. Good luck!
If you’re stranded, you probably experienced some kind of transportation failure. You might see stranded travelers at an airport in the middle of a blizzard. Boats can be stranded if their engines break down. Anything left behind or stuck can be called stranded, like a stranded fish in a tidal pool, or a stranded child at a fair. Stranded involves being left somewhere unpleasant, remote, or inconvenient — if you’re stuck at an amazing restaurant you're really not stranded.
WORD FAMILY
strand: stranded, stranding, strands
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Grapevine was closed for periods in recent weeks because of heavy snowfall, and some motorists were temporarily stranded on mountain roads.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Tuesday when he got the call about the stranded teenagers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Thousands of holiday travelers were stranded as authorities canceled hundreds of domestic and international flights, while the Philippine Coast Guard prevented ships from sailing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 处于困境的
v. 使滞留，使搁浅( strand的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：搁浅的(70%)，处于困境的(23%)，动词strand的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
【记】源于：strand（n 绳线的一股；海滨；v 搁浅；使陷于困境）
adjective
■unable to leave somewhere because of a problem such as not having any transport or money （因缺乏交通工具、金钱等）滞留的，被困住的
• He left me stranded in town with no car and no money for a bus. 他把我丢在城里，既没车也没钱坐公车。
• If the tide comes in, we'll be stranded on these rocks. 如果涨潮的话，我们就会被困在这些礁石上。
adj. [水运] 搁浅的；陷于困境的；有…股的（常用来构成复合词）
 - neaped

Word: compatibility
Front: compatibility
[kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti] (六 12951/9133)
Vocabulary: compatibility
(once / 19732 pages)
n
Compatibility has to do with how people or things get along. A married couple should have a lot of compatibility; people who always argue don't have any.
Compatibility is a huge issue in life. Every person has compatibility with some people and a lack of compatibility with others. Compatibility applies to things too; computer programs have compatibility with certain types of computers but not others. In all cases, compatibility has to do with getting along. People with compatibility also have chemistry — they are in harmony.
WORD FAMILY
compatibility: compatibilities+/ compatible: compatibility, compatibly, incompatible / incompatibility: incompatibilities/ incompatible: incompatibility, incompatibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Based on the specifications of your hardware, the Google Play store displays compatibility information with the apps you are browsing.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The update which “improved the stability, compatibility and performance” of Mac computers and is “recommended for users”.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Microsoft said it would use so-called emulation technology to address the compatibility issue.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 适合; 互换性; 通用性; 和睦相处
分布：兼容(95%)，协调(4%)，和谐共处(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pat, 情感，忍受，词源同patient, passion.指相互容忍的，兼容的。
和谐共处(com+pat+ibility)[pass=felling表示"感情"]
和谐共处(compatible和谐的+ility)[-ibility表名词"具备…性质的"]
ADJ-GRADED
(系统、想法和信仰)兼容的，可以并存的
If things, for example systems, ideas, and beliefs, are compatible, they work well together or can exist together successfully.
例：Free enterprise, he argued, was compatible with Russian values and traditions...他认为自由企业制并不违背俄罗斯的价值观和传统。
例：Marriage and the life I live just don't seem compatible.婚姻和我的生活好像就是没法兼容。
ADJ-GRADED
能和谐相处的;合得来的
If you say that you are compatible with someone, you mean that you have a good relationship with them because you have similar opinions and interests.
例：Mildred and I are very compatible. She's interested in the things that interest me...我和米尔德丽德很合得来，我感兴趣的东西她也感兴趣。
例：In a large city you're almost certain to find a physician with whom you are compatible and feel comfortable.在大城市，几乎肯定能找到一个和你意气相投、让你觉得舒心的心灵抚慰者。
ADJ
(尤指与 IBM公司制造的计算机或计算机设备)兼容的
If one make of computer or computer equipment is compatible with another make, especially IBM, they can be used together and can use the same software.

Word: coloring
Front: coloring
[ˈkʌlərɪŋ] (12898/-)
Back: n. 色彩; 色调; 着色法; 着色剂
分布：着色(97%)，特色(2%)，动词color的现在分词.(1%)
n. 着色；着色剂；配色；天然色；外貌
 - aspect, painting, exterior

Word: manually
Front: manually
['mænjʊəlɪ] (托 12880/12167)
Vocabulary: manually
(once / 20994 pages)
adv
Something that's done manually is done by hand, rather than by machine. If the recycling you leave by the curb is sorted manually, people divide it by hand into metal, plastic, glass, and paper.
When you dig a hole manually, you use a shovel and the strength of your own arms and back. The opposite of this is when something's done automatically, by machine or some automated system. The adverb manually comes from the adjective manual, or "done with the hands," from the Latin root word manus, which means "hand, strength, or power over."
WORD FAMILY
manual: bimanual, manually, manuals
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the program was operational, it required border officers to manually collect information from visitors.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In those instances, data must be entered manually, Benfield said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Epstein wants Google to be more transparent about how and when it manually manipulates the algorithm.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 用手地，手工地
分布：用手(60%)，手动地(40%)
adverb
■by hand 手工地；人工地
• Few of the machines are operated manually. 这些机器中很少是手动操作的。
adv. 手动地；用手
 - by hand

Word: kicker
Front: kicker
[ˈkɪkə(r)] (12939/26620)
Vocabulary: kicker
(once / 5928 pages)
n
A kicker is someone who kicks. It’s usually a football player, but even a donkey can be one. A kicker is also a surprise. You might know you have a test, but the kicker is that you have to take it blindfolded.
Football games involve players running and throwing the ball, but occasionally they have the opportunity to kick the ball down the field or over the goalpost, and this is done by the kicker. In soccer — also called football in much of the world — every player on the team is a kicker. The noun kicker comes from the verb kick; one guess about the word's origins say it comes from the Old Norse kikna, "sink at the knees."
WORD FAMILY
kicker: kickers+/kick: kicked, kicker, kicking, kicks/kicking: kickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Never been hit by a kicker,” said an amazed Lewis.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A kicker in high school, he was just “a normal student” as a freshman.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Needs three to become third kicker in NFL history with 40.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 踢者; 善踢的人; 爱踢的马; <口>抱怨者
分布：踢者(58%)，意外的结局(42%)
n. 踢者；爱发牢骚的人；喷射器
 - eductor, ejector priming

Word: relish
Front: relish
[ˈrelɪʃ] (研宝 8659/7766 -2)
Vocabulary: relish
(once / 607 pages)
1nv 2n
Relish isn't just a hotdog topping. The verb relish means to enjoy something immensely. You may relish eating the relish on your hotdog, or you may relish taking an afternoon nap.
The word relish has been around since the 16th century and comes to us from the French, who are pretty good at indulging and savoring. When at a dinner party, win points with your host by sighing happily after each bite to show just how much you relish the meal. Relish is also a kind of spicy or savory condiment, the stuff you slather on hotdogs or hamburgers. So if you're fickle when it comes to pickles, you might ask them to hold the relish.
WORD FAMILY
relish: relished, relishes, relishing
USAGE EXAMPLES
We relished the opportunity to meet with local Azoreans, all while eating great, free food!
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Johnson relished his lush job, but he soon grew restless again.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unlike his coach, Staal sees nothing wrong with relishing Saturday’s history, if only to spice up the monotony of the regular season.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 品尝，品味; 给…加佐料，调味; 欣赏
vi. 有滋味; 有…的味道
n. 味道，滋味; 调味品; 引起兴趣的东西
时态：relished, relishing, relishes
分布：喜欢(29%)，享受(25%)，调味品(12%)，品味(12%)，爱好(11%)，滋味(6%)，渴望(3%)，从...获得乐趣(1%)，有滋味(1%)
→来自古法语 relaisser,留下，留在后面，来自拉丁语 relaxare,松开，松手，来自 re-,向后，离 开，laxare,松开，词源同 lax,relax,release.拼写受-ish 影响俗化。后引申词义味道，回味，后 用于指调料，佐料，并引申动词词义享受，喜欢。
n.美味,味道,调味品,食欲,乐趣v.喜欢,品味Hunger gives relish to simple food.肚子饿时吃什么都香.
【记】re反复，lish力士（香皂）：反复用力士香皂，因为喜欢。
【参】relocate（v 重新部署）
【反】despise（v 轻视）
verb transitive slightly formal
■to like or enjoy something 享受；喜欢
• I always relish a challenge. 我一向喜欢迎接挑战。
• [+ -ing verb] I don't relish telling her that her son has been arrested. 我不想告诉她她儿子被捕的消息。
■If you relish the idea or thought of something, you feel pleasure that it is going to happen 期盼；憧憬；指望
• She's relishing the prospect of studying in Bologna for six months. 她憧憬着在博洛尼亚学习6个月的美好时光。
['rel.ɪʃ] noun
SAUCE 调味汁
countable or uncountable
■a type of sauce which is eaten with food to add flavour to it 佐料；调味品
• tomato and onion relish 番茄洋葱调味汁
• Would you like relish on your burger? 你的汉堡包要涂调味汁吗？
['rel.ɪʃ] noun
ENJOYMENT 享受
uncountable slightly formal
■the enjoyment you get from doing something 享受；乐趣
• She ate her cake slowly and with relish. 她津津有味地慢慢品尝着蛋糕。
• I have no relish for hunting and killing animals. 我不觉得猎杀动物有甚么乐趣。
n. 滋味；风味；食欲；开胃小菜；含义
 - flavor, meaning, import, appetite
vt. 品味；喜爱；给…加佐料
 - enjoy, favour

Word: damned
Front: damned
[dæmd] (9051/8994 -2)
Back: adj. 该死的; 该谴责的，可恶的; 十足的; 被判为永久罪的
adv. 非常地; 无比地
v. 诅咒(damn的过去式和过去分词); 严厉批评; 罚…入地狱受罪; 使彻底失败
分布：可恶的(48%)，被诅咒的(16%)，动词damn的过去式和过去分词形式(12%)，被诅咒下地狱的人(12%)，非常地(12%)
adjective
[before noun] informal
■used to express anger with someone or something; damn 该死的（表示对某人或某事气愤）
• This damned printer won't work. 这该死的印表机坏了！
[dæmd] adjective
be damned if you do and damned if you don't
■used to say that you cannot escape being criticized, whatever you decide to do 左右都不是；两头都不讨好
[dæmd] adjective
(Well) I'll be damned!
■an expression of complete surprise （表示非常惊讶）这也太离谱了！真够绝的！
• She's marrying a man who she met two months ago? - Well, I'll be damned! 她要嫁给一个刚刚认识两个月的男人？——唉，这也太离谱了！
[dæmd] adjective
I'm damned if
■used to say that you will certainly not do something 绝不（做…），打死我也不（做…）
• I'm polite to his ex-wife when I meet her, but I'm damned if I'm going to invite her round for dinner. 我遇到他前妻时对她很客气，但绝不会请她来吃晚饭。
[dæmd] noun
the damned [plural]
■the people who have been sent to hell after their death 死后下地狱的人
adj. 该死的；可恶的；糟透的
 - goddamn, dad-burned
adv. 极；非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
v. 咒骂；诅咒…下地狱（damn的过去式）
 - dratted

Word: juvenile
Front: juvenile
[ˈdʒu:vənaɪl] (研托雅宝 5261/7801 -2)
Vocabulary: juvenile
(once / 1189 pages)
adjn
If you're being juvenile, you're not acting your age. Unless of course you are a juvenile. In which case, carry on.
While the noun juvenile refers to someone not physically or emotionally mature, the word is often used as an adjective to refer to anything specifically for young people, such as juvenile reading materials or movies. It can be derisive, as in "Don't act so juvenile," suggesting a silliness unbecoming an adult. The word comes from the Latin juvenīlis, meaning "youthful" — similar, but much more flattering.
WORD FAMILY
juvenile: juvenilely, juveniles, juvenility+/juvenility: juvenilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Authorities say police arrested the juvenile male on suspicion of murder and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most involved state wards in foster homes, adoptive homes, state-licensed residential care facilities and the juvenile probation system.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A juvenile relative was arrested in the killing of a 74-year-old Keno woman early Saturday.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 少年的; 幼稚的，年少无知的; 幼稚的
n. 青少年; 扮演少年角色的演员; 少年读物; 羽毛未丰的鸟，雏鸟
分布：青少年(80%)，青少年的(9%)，幼稚的(9%)，青少年读物(1%)，幼雏(1%)
→来自拉丁语iuvenis,青少年，青年，来自yeu,生命力，年青的活力，词源同eon,young,junior.
青少年的;幼稚的(juven+ile)[juven=young,表示"年轻"]
青少年的(juven年轻+ile)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
n.青少年,少年读物a.青少年的,幼稚的He shows a juvenile appearance.他显出一个少年的外貌.
【记】读：猪吻nile，接吻时的嘴形象猪一样，因为还没有成熟，是青少年的。
【参】rejuvenate（v 使年轻；返老还童）
US [-nəl] adjective formal or legal
■relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered an adult 青少年的
• juvenile crime/offenders 青少年犯罪／少年罪犯
■disapproving
■silly and typical of a child 幼稚的，不成熟的
• juvenile behaviour 幼稚的行为
• a juvenile sense of humour 带稚气的幽默感
UK ['dʒu:.vən.aɪl] US [-nəl] noun countable
■a young person 少年
adolescent, youthful, juvenile, young
这组词都有“年轻的，年幼的”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 指13至16岁左右处于青春期的人，尚不成熟。
youthful: 褒义或贬义均可用。指具有青年人的外貌或年轻人应具有的品格。
juvenile: 较正式用词，一般12岁以下的少年，着重其生理和智力上的不成熟。
young: 强调年龄小，处于生长的前期。
adolescent, teenager, youth, juvenile
这组词都有“年轻人，青少年”的意思，其区别是：
adolescent: 比teenager正式，侧重年龄。
teenager: 主要指13岁到19岁之间的青少年，强调这个年龄段的人的本身特点。
youth: 现在几乎专指男青年，尤指10多岁到20多一点的男青年，但作为集合名时间男女青年都可指。
juvenile: 指青少年，系法律上的常用词。
adj. 青少年的；幼稚的
 - tender, teen-age
n. 青少年；少年读物
 - youths, teener

Word: agitation
Front: agitation
[ˌædʒɪˈteɪʃn] (六托雅 12905/8673)
Vocabulary: agitation
(once / 366 pages)
1n 2n
Agitation is the act of stirring things up, like the agitation of a washing machine that moves the water, detergent, and clothes around and gets the dirt out or the agitation of political activists who want people to work together to do something.
The verb agitation comes from the Latin word agitare, meaning “move to and fro.” Agitation can happen whenever something is physically moved around, like stirring flour, eggs and milk to make pancake batter. Agitation also describes feeling stirred up emotionally — upset — or moved to act, like the agitation of protesters whose signs about unfair hiring practices at a store make many shoppers go somewhere else.
WORD FAMILY
agitation: agitations+/ agitate: agitated, agitates, agitating, agitation, agitative, agitator/ agitated: agitatedly, unagitated/agitating: agitatingly/agitator: agitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under sanctions imposed in March, the Treasury Department designated North Korea’s Propaganda and Agitation Department as engaging in censorship on behalf of authorities.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
This heartless agitation, once confined to fringe websites and disreputable talk-radio chatter, is now metastasizing into something much more sinister.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
In the end, Ross’s agitation seemed to work: in February, 2010, N.Y.U. announced unusually strong contractual safeguards for workers on the site.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 焦虑不安; 烦乱; 煽动，鼓动; 搅动
分布：激动(50%)，鼓动(28%)，搅动(22%)
鼓动,煽动(agitate+ion)[ag=do,act,表示"做,代理做"]
【反】equanimity（n 镇静）
noun uncountable
NOT CALM 不冷静
■worry and anxiety 焦虑，躁动，紧张不安
• He arrived home in a state of agitation. 他焦虑不安地回到家中。
[ˌædʒ.ɪ'teɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
ARGUING 争吵
■when people protest or argue, especially in public, in order to achieve a particular type of change （以变革为目的的）煽动，抗议
• The anti-war agitation is beginning to worry the government. 反战宣传逐渐引起政府的忧虑。
n. 激动；搅动；煽动；烦乱
 - warmth, excitation

Word: grazing
Front: grazing
[ˈgreɪzɪŋ] (12892/12478)
Back: n. 放牧，牧场，草场
v. （让动物）吃草( graze的现在分词 ); 轻擦，擦破; 擦过; 掠过
分布：放牧(82%)，牧场(17%)，动词graze的现在分词.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
草场；牧场
Grazing or grazing land is land on which animals graze.
例：He had nearly a thousand acres of grazing and arable land.他有将近1,000公顷的草场和耕地。
n. [畜牧] 放牧；牧草
 - pasturage

Word: gag
Front: gag
[gæg] (托 10677/15442 -1)
Vocabulary: gag
(once / 1333 pages)
1nv 2v 3nv
A gag is a piece of cloth that's tied around a person's face to keep them from speaking or being heard. Cartoon bad guys often tie up their victims and put gags over their mouths.
To use a gag for shutting someone up is to gag them. Both the noun and verb forms of gag can also be figurative: "Her government is trying to gag her by censoring her," or "The lack of a right to free speech in some countries is a gag." Another way to gag is to retch, or begin to vomit. The root of gag is probably the Old Norse gag-hals, "with head thrown back."
WORD FAMILY
gag: gagged, gagging, gags, gagster+/gagster: gagsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turkish authorities issued a temporary gag order on reporting from the scene of the nightclub.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Wearing a wig and gag false teeth, he crashes Ines' social obligations, creating numerous script opportunities for pathos, slapstick and surrealism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Separately, the Russian embassy to the UK tweeted a visual gag calling the Obama presidency a lame duck.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 塞口物，（牲畜的）口衔; 言论限制; 恶作剧; 张口器
vt. 塞住…的口; 抑制言论自由; 使窒息; 用张口器将嘴张开
vi. 作呕; 窒息; 开玩笑，说俏皮话
时态：gagged, gagging, gags
分布：恶作剧(36%)，笑话(32%)，遏制言论(8%)，箝口物(8%)，塞住口部(8%)，使呕吐(8%)
→拟声词，模仿含糊不清的声音。
noun countable
PIECE OF CLOTH 一块布
■a piece of cloth which is tied around a person's mouth or put inside it in order to stop them from speaking, shouting or calling for help （使人无法说话或喊叫求助的）塞口布
• Her hands and feet were tied and a gag placed over her mouth. 她的手脚被捆，嘴里被塞了一块布。
[gæg] noun countable
JOKE 玩笑 informal
■a joke or funny story, especially one told by a comedian (= person whose job is to make people laugh) （尤指喜剧演员的）插科打诨，笑话，玩笑
• I did a few opening gags about the band that had been on before me. 我拿表演上个节目的乐队说笑，插科打诨说了几句开场白
■US
■a trick played on someone or an action performed to entertain other people 恶作剧；滑稽动作；噱头
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
ALMOST VOMIT 几乎要吐
intransitive
■to experience the sudden uncomfortable feeling of tightness in the throat and stomach that makes you feel you are going to vomit 作呕
• Just the smell of liver cooking makes me gag. 用动物肝脏做的菜我一闻就想吐。
• I tried my best to eat it but the meat was so fatty I gagged on it. 我尽最大的努力想吃了它，但肉太肥了，我还是想吐。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
STOP TALKING 封口
transitive
■to put a gag on someone's mouth 塞住，捂住（某人的嘴）
• He was bound and gagged and left in a cell for three days. 他被绑起来，嘴里塞了布，扔在一间小囚室中关了三天。
transitive often passive
■to prevent a person or organization from talking or writing about a particular subject 压制…的言论自由；限制…发言；使缄默
• The media have obviously been gagged because nothing has been reported. 显然传媒已被封杀，因为它们甚么都没有报道。
[gæg] verb (-gg-)
EAGER 渴望的
be gagging for/to do sth UK slang
■to be very eager to do something 渴望做；急于做
• I was gagging for a pint of cold lager. 我真想喝一品脱冰啤酒。
be gagging for it slang
■to be very eager to have sex; used especially by a man to say he thinks a woman wants very much to have sex with him 痒得熬不住，猴急要做那事儿（尤指男人认为某个女人迫不及待要与他发生性关系）
vt. 塞住…的口；钳制…的言论；使窒息
 - choke
vi. 插科打诨；窒息；作呕
 - keck
n. [机] 塞口物；讨论终结；箝制言论
 - cloture

Word: blazer
Front: blazer
[ˈbleɪzə(r)] (12889/14891 -1)
Back: n. 燃烧物，燃烧体; （法兰绒的）运动上衣; 传播者，宣传者
分布：运动夹克(79%)，男式便上装(21%)
→来自blaze, 指一种色彩艳丽的红夹克。
US [-zɚ] noun countable
■a type of jacket, often with the symbol of a school or organization sewn on the front pocket and worn as part of a uniform （常在前胸口袋上缝有学校或组织的标志、作制服穿的）轻便外套
• my new/old school blazer 我的新／旧校服
n. 燃烧体；宣布者；颜色鲜明的运动上衣
 - enunciator

Word: raucous
Front: raucous
[ˈrɔ:kəs] (托宝 12915/19242 -1)
Vocabulary: raucous
(once / 3826 pages)
adj
Raucous means unpleasantly loud, or behaving in a noisy and disorderly way. It can be hard to give an oral report in the front of a classroom when the kids in the back are being raucous.
Raucous is often used to refer to loud laughter, loud voices, or a loud party, all of which can be harsh or unpleasant. Near synonyms are strident and rowdy. This adjective is from Latin raucus "hoarse." Think of raucous as people whose hoarseness can't come on too soon.
WORD FAMILY
raucous: raucously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year he braved raucous street protests and tussles on the Diet floor to deliver a constitutional reinterpretation allowing Japan to engage in “collective self-defense.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet there they were, delivering with a division title hanging in the balance in a raucous 31-27 victory .
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Roman Torres’ penalty kick clinched the title and set the stage for a raucous parade to Seattle Center three days later.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗声的，沙哑的; 刺耳的
分布：沙哑的(46%)，刺耳的(29%)，粗声的(25%)
→来自拉丁语 raucus,沙哑声，来自 reu,发出沙哑的叫声，拟声词。
【记】读：我咳嗽－沙哑的
【反】melodious（adj 音调优美的）
US ['rɑ:-] adjective
■loud and unpleasant （声音）刺耳的，尖厉的
• I heard the raucous call of the crows. 我听到那些乌鸦刺耳的叫声。
• Raucous laughter came from the next room. 隔壁房间传来刺耳的笑声。
• The party was becoming rather raucous. 聚会变得越来越吵闹。
adj. 沙哑的；刺耳的；粗声的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh

Word: domestically
Front: domestically
[də'mestɪklɪ] (12911/19311)
Back: adv. 家庭式地，合乎国内地
分布：家庭式地(60%)，国内地(40%)
ADJ
国内的;本国的
Domestic political activities, events, and situations happen or exist within one particular country.
例：...over 100 domestic flights a day to 15 UK destinations.每天超过100架次国内航班飞往英国境内15个目的地
例：...sales in the domestic market.国内市场的销售量
ADJ
家务的
Domestic duties and activities are concerned with the running of a home and family.
例：...a plan for sharing domestic chores.分担家务活的计划
ADJ
家用的
Domestic items and services are intended to be used in people's homes rather than in factories or offices.
例：...domestic appliances.家用器具
ADJ
家里的;家庭的;居家的
A domestic situation or atmosphere is one which involves a family and their home.
例：It was a scene of such domestic bliss...这是一幅家庭如此幸福的画面。
例：I was called out to attend a domestic dispute.我被叫出去解决一场家庭纠纷。
ADJ-GRADED
喜爱家庭生活的;乐于操持家务的
Someone who is domestic enjoys being at home and running a family.
例：She was kind and domestic and put her family before her part-time job.她人很好也顾家，把家庭看得比兼职工作更为重要。
ADJ
非野生的;驯养的;作为宠物饲养的
A domestic animal is one that is not wild and is kept either on a farm to produce food or in someone's home as a pet.
例：...a domestic cat.家猫
N-COUNT
家政工
A domestic, a domestic help, or a domestic worker is a person who is paid to come to help with the work that has to be done in a house such as the cleaning, washing, and ironing.
adv. 国内地；家庭式地；适合国内地
 - internally

Word: reindeer
Front: reindeer
[ˈreɪndɪə(r)] (12967/16959)
Vocabulary: reindeer
(once / 1939 pages)
n
A reindeer is a large, hoofed mammal with antlers. Contrary to popular Christmas folklore, reindeer can't really fly. Shhhhh.
The mythological reindeer that pull Santa Claus's sleigh first appeared in print during the nineteenth century in the United States. Real reindeer are found in Northern Europe, North America, and Siberia — although North American reindeer are more often called caribou. In Arctic and Subarctic areas, reindeer are regularly hunted and raised for their meat, milk, and hides. Reindeer comes from a Scandinavian root, similar to the Old Norse hreindyri.
WORD FAMILY
reindeer: reindeers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And he traded in a sleigh pulled by reindeer for a Harley-Davidson motorcycle.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The event is in its 31st year and also features reindeer, elves and other Christmas characters.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
But the fog advisory obviously raised the question of a possible need for Rudolph, the reindeer whose sleigh-guiding nose is celebrated in popular song.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. <动>驯鹿
分布：驯鹿(100%)
→来自古诺斯语 hreindyri,来自 dyr,动物，鹿，词源同 deer,鹿，hreinn,驯鹿，来自 ker,角， 词源同 horn.该词 rein-本身已经表示鹿，与 rein（缰绳）没有词源联系，巧合的是，这种鹿 确实大量的被人工驯养并用于拉雪橇。
US [-dɪr] (plural reindeer)
noun countable
■a type of deer with large horns, which lives in the northern parts of Europe, Asia and America 驯鹿
• Father Christmas travels in a sleigh pulled by reindeer. 圣诞老人乘坐驯鹿拉的雪橇出行。

Word: treason
Front: treason
[ˈtri:zn] (研四六托宝 12926/10299 -1)
Vocabulary: treason
(once / 423 pages)
n
Hacking your brother’s email account and sharing all his secrets with your mom could be considered an act of personal treason, meaning you have betrayed your brother.
The word treason can be traced back to the Latin word traditio(n-), which comes from the verb tradere meaning “to hand over, betray.” If you commit treason, that’s what you do: you betray. The word is typically used to refer to the betrayal of a government or a country, like when a spy shares national secrets with another country, but it can be used to refer to personal betrayals as well.
WORD FAMILY
treason: treasonable, treasonist, treasonous, treasons+/treasonable: treasonablest, treasonably/treasonist: treasonists/treasonous: treasonously
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ordered more bugs and privately groused that Nixon’s behavior amounted to “treason.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Dündar survived an assassination attempt, was convicted of treason, and escaped to Germany, where he now lives in exile.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Close advisers and associates called for Clinton to be” shot for treason” and “arrested, tried, and executed.”
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 叛国（罪）; 不忠; 谋反; 背信
分布：叛逆 通敌 背叛 叛国罪(100%)
→来自古法语 traison,背叛，来自拉丁语 traditionem,移交，投降，来自拉丁语 tradere,转移，移 交，词源同 tradition,betray.引申词义叛国罪。
n.谋反,通敌,叛国It's a treason terror of the seasonal oversea seafood is reasonable.认为季节性的海外海鲜的价格是合理的就是背叛.
noun uncountable
■(the crime of) showing no loyalty to your country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 叛国（罪）
• Guy Fawkes was executed for treason after he took part in a plot to blow up the British Parliament building. 盖伊‧福克斯因参与炸毁英国议会大厦的阴谋活动而被以叛国罪处决。
n. [法] 叛国罪；不忠
 - recreancy

Word: therein
Front: therein
[ˌðeərˈɪn] (六 12928/9994 -1)
Back: adv. 其中，在那里; 在那点上，在那方面
分布：在那里(46%)，在其中(45%)，在那一点上(9%)
US [ˌðer'ɪn] old-fashioned formal
adverb
■in or into a particular place, thing, etc 在那里；在其中；在那点上
• It is a thrilling tale of a haunted house and the ghosts therein. 那讲的是一座凶宅及其幽灵的故事，听起来令人毛骨悚然。
UK [ˌðeə'rɪn] US [ˌðer'ɪn] old-fashioned formal
adverb
therein lies
■in what has just been mentioned we see the reason or explanation for (a particular situation, quality or problem) 那一点就是，此即
• Her book is simply a collection of memories, told without conceit or self-absorption - and therein lies its power. 她的书只是一本回忆集，既没有自高自大也没有顾影自怜，而这正是该书的魅力所在。
adv. 在其中；在那里
 - wherein, among the rest

Word: annuity
Front: annuity
[əˈnju:əti] (雅 12850/17018 -1)
Vocabulary: annuity
(once / 2248 pages)
n
An annuity is money that comes from an investment and is paid out regularly over a fixed period of time. You can buy an insurance policy that is an annuity, or you can choose an annuity as one of your retirement fund options.
The noun annuity is from the Latin word annus, meaning "year." Indeed, annuities typically pay out on a year basis, although other terms are possible. If you win a large amount of money in the lottery, you can usually choose to take a lump-sum payment or smaller payments paid every year over some term, like 20 or 25 years. Figuring out which payment plan is best for you would be a nice problem to have!
WORD FAMILY
annuity: annuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many, in better times, sold annuities with guaranteed annual returns of 3-4%.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Prosecutors say Griffin sold a financial product called “the 54 Freedom Charitable Gift Annuity.”
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Massachusetts' top financial regulator on Thursday charged an investment adviser and his employer, LPL Financial LLC, with having fraudulently sold annuities to retirees.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 年金; 养老金; 年金享受权; 年金保险投资
分布：年金(78%)，养老金(14%)，年金保险(8%)
年金;养老金(annu+ity每年的东西→年金)[ann,enn=year,表示"年,一年"]
US [-tˌi] noun countable
■a fixed amount of money paid to someone every year, usually until their death, or the insurance agreement or investment which provides the money that is paid （通常指一直付到某人死亡的）年金；年金保险；年金保险投资
• annuity policy/income 年金保险单／收入
• She receives a small annuity. 她每年得到一笔微薄的年金。
n. [劳经] 年金，养老金；年金保险；年金享受权
 - rente, old-age pension

Word: scallions

Word: marching
Front: marching
[mɑ:tʃɪŋ] (12933/18502)
Back: v. （坚定地向某地）前进( march的现在分词 ); 进军; 进展; 游行示威（或抗议）
分布：行进(52%)，游行(47%)，动词march的现在分词形式.(1%)

Word: replication
Front: replication
[ˌreplɪ'keɪʃn] (12899/13097)
Vocabulary: replication
(once / 29772 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
If you make a copy of something, like a form or a picture, you have made a replication of it. You might need to mail in a replication of your tax forms when you apply for college financial aid.
When you conduct an experiment, you have to repeat it several times to verify that your hypothesis is correct. Each repetition is one replication. A witty retort to a comment or question is also called a replication. Your replications to the teacher's questions may make your classmates laugh, but your smart mouth is bound to get you in trouble eventually.
WORD FAMILY
replication: replications+/ replica: replicas, replicate / replicate: replicated, replicates, replicating, replication
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barring a monumental medical breakthrough in the field of organ replication, that means we need a national solution for our donation shortages—fast.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
In cultured cells, high levels of PPP2R3B expression slowed melanoma growth by interfering with DNA replication and slowing cell division.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
In more complex animals, the error rate in mitochondrial gene replication is relatively high.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 复制，折叠; 回答; 反响; [植]反叠
分布：复制(98%)，回答(1%)，答辩(1%)
VERB
复制;重做;使复现
If you replicate someone's experiment, work, or research, you do it yourself in exactly the same way.
例：He invited her to his laboratory to see if she could replicate the experiment.他邀请她到他的实验室看她能否复制该实验。
VERB
(分子)复制
If a molecule replicates, it divides into smaller molecules which are exact copies of itself.
例：Cells can reproduce but only molecules can replicate.细胞可以再生，但是只有分子可以复制。
n. [生化] [遗] 复制；回答；反响
 - response, answer, reproduction, resonance, duplication

Word: deluxe
Front: deluxe
[də'lʌks] (12902/33910 -1)
Vocabulary: deluxe
(once / 16147 pages)
adj
Something that's extra fancy or of very high quality is deluxe. If you upgrade to a deluxe hotel room, it will be bigger, more luxurious, and probably have a great view.
You're most likely to find deluxe describing a spa, hotel, car, or house. When any of these things is deluxe, it goes beyond the ordinary to provide a superior, luxurious experience. A deluxe home might have thousands of square feet and an in-ground pool, and a deluxe cruise probably includes a large berth and gourmet food. Deluxe comes from the French de luxe, "of luxury," from the Latin luxe, "excess or abundance."
WORD FAMILY
deluxe
USAGE EXAMPLES
Around the same time, a deluxe edition of his career-defining Purple Rain album will be released, featuring outtakes and unreleased tracks from the film.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
This includes solo album Twenty Five at number six, and Wham! records The Final and its deluxe edition featuring at five and 10 respectively.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
“Pool is holding at a nearby McDonalds, whose localized breakfast menu includes a deluxe breakfast that includes Spam,” wrote Mr. Harris.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 高级的; 豪华的
分布：豪华的(59%)，高级的(41%)
(also de luxe) [dɪ'lʌks] adjective [usually before noun]
■very comfortable and of very high quality 豪华的，高档的
• a deluxe hotel in Paris 巴黎的豪华饭店
adj. 高级的；豪华的，奢华的
 - senior, advanced, high, grand
adv. 豪华地
 - luxuriously, sumptuously

Word: nonverbal
Front: nonverbal
[ˌnɒn'vɜ:bl] (托 12882/-)
Vocabulary: nonverbal
(once / 78274 pages)
adj
Something that's nonverbal doesn't use spoken words. Nonverbal communication might consist of hand gestures or facial expressions.
Use the adjective nonverbal when you talk about a method of communicating without spoken language, or a person who isn't able to use speech. The word verbal means "in the form of words," from the Latin verbum, "word," so anything that's nonverbal happens entirely without words. You can probably tell from a friend's nonverbal cues that she's uncomfortable — her face or body language might give her away.
WORD FAMILY
nonverbal: nonverbally+/ verb: verbal, verbify, verbs/ verbal: nonverbal, verbalise, verbalism, verbalize, verbally/verbalise: verbalisation, verbalised, verbaliser/verbalised: unverbalised/verbalism: verbalisms/ verbalization: verbalizations/ verbalize: verbalization, verbalized, verbalizer, verbalizes, verbalizing/verbalized: unverbalized/verbally: non-verbally
USAGE EXAMPLES
With gangly limbs, big, expressive eyes and an entire vocabulary’s worth of colorful grunts and groans at her disposal, she’s equally good at nonverbal comedy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“Speechless,” a sitcom about a family with a nonverbal child, knocks down more preconceptions about the world of disabilities with each episode.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Female doctors, she said, tend to be more patient-centered, talk about and factor in psychological and emotional factors, and are better judges of nonverbal cues.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不用言辞表达的
分布：不用语言的(78%)，非言辞语的(22%)
ADJ
不使用语言的;非言语的
Non-verbal communication consists of things such as the expression on your face, your arm movements, or your tone of voice, which show how you feel about something without using words.
例：Culture plays a large part in non-verbal communication...文化在非语言交流中起着很大的作用。
例：According to psychologist Martin Lloyd-Elliott, 90 per cent of communication between people is non-verbal.根据心理学家马丁·劳埃德·埃利奥特的研究，人们之间90％的交流是非语言的。

Word: poorly
Front: poorly
[ˈpɔ:li] (5136/6339 -1)
Back: adv. 穷困地; 差劲地; 看不起地
adj. 身体不舒服的; 健康欠佳的
分布：贫穷地(32%)，身体不舒服的(26%)，贫乏地(17%)，心情恶劣的(17%)，不充份地(8%)
US ['pʊr-] adverb
■not well 糟糕地，不好地
• A business as poorly managed as that one doesn't deserve to succeed. 像那样管理不善的企业就不该成功。
UK ['pɔ:.li] US ['pʊr-] adverb
think poorly of sb/sth old-fashioned
■to have a low opinion of someone or something 对…评价低；看不上
UK ['pɔ:.li] US ['pʊr-] adjective [after verb] UK informal
■ill 身体不舒服的，健康不佳的
• He says he's feeling poorly and he's going back to bed. 他说他觉得不舒服，要躺回床上去。
adv. 贫穷地；贫乏地；不充分地
 - barely, sparsely
adj. 身体不舒服的；心情恶劣的
 - off-colour, ailing

Word: slew
Front: slew
[slu:] (宝 12917/21735)
Vocabulary: slew
(once / 656 pages)
1n 2v
Of all the many nouns referring to a large group of things, one of the most fun is slew, as in "I saw a whole slew of birds in the tree by the river."
American English is constantly evolving, its richness coming from the many languages feeding into it. The noun slew, for instance, is from the Irish Gaelic sluagh, meaning "multitude." As an unrelated verb, it's the past tense of slay.
WORD FAMILY
slew: slewed, slewing, slews
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
But in games decided by a touchdown or less, they’ve won nine in a row, despite a slew of injuries.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 许多，大量
v. 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去式 )
时态：slewed, slewing, slews
分布：许多(54%)，回转(20%)，转向(14%)，沼地(8%)，动词slay的过去式.(4%)
→来自爱尔兰语 sluagh,军队，队伍，词源同 slogan.引申词义许多，大量。
【记】slew是slow慢慢聚集的
【参】slue（v ＝slew；n 极多）
【反】limited quantity（有限数量）；paucity（n 极小量）
verb past simple of
■ slay
[slu:] noun countable usually singular US informal
■a large amount or number 很多；大量
• Mr Savino has been charged with three murders as well as a whole slew of other crimes. 萨维诺先生被控犯有三项谋杀罪外加一大堆其他的罪行。
[slu:] verb intransitive or transitive [+ adv/prep]
■to turn or be turned round suddenly and awkwardly （使）突然转向
• The car hit a patch of ice and slewed around violently. 汽车撞到一片冰，猛地打起转来。
• He slewed the van to the left to avoid the dog. 他将货车猛然左转以避开那条狗。
n. 回转；沼地；极多
 - turning, circumgyration
vi. 扭转；侧滑；转向；猛拐
 - swing, turn towards
vt. 使扭转；使旋转
 - turn, spin
v. 杀害（slay的过去式）
 - martyred

Word: creatively
Front: creatively
[krɪ'eɪtɪvlɪ] (12923/19385)
Back: adv. 创造性地，有创造力地
分布：创造性地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(尤指在艺术方面)有创造力的，有想象力的
A creative person has the ability to invent and develop original ideas, especially in the arts.
例：Like so many creative people he was never satisfied.像许多富于创造力的人一样，他从不满足。
例：...her obvious creative talents.她显而易见的创作才能
ADJ
创造(性)的;创作的
Creative activities involve the inventing and making of new kinds of things.
例：...creative writing...创造性写作
例：...creative arts...创作型艺术
ADJ-GRADED
创新的;富有创意的
If you use something in a creative way, you use it in a new way that produces interesting and unusual results.
例：...his creative use of words.他对词语的创造性运用
N-COUNT
(尤指广告)创意人员，创作者
A creative is someone whose job is to be creative, especially someone who creates advertisements.
例：Along with scores of other advertising creatives, he will be taking part in an exhibition at the Saatchi gallery.他将和许多广告创意人员一起参加在萨奇画廊举行的画展。
adv. 创造性地；有创造力地
 - inventively

Word: all-out
Front: all-out
[ˈɔ:lˈaʊt] (-1)
Back: adj. 全部的; 竭力的; 完全的
分布：完全的(100%)
US [ˌɑ:l-] adjective [before noun]
■complete and with as much effort as possible 竭尽全力的，全力以赴的
• We made an all-out effort to get the project finished on time. 我们全力以赴，力争按时完成该项工程。
adj. 全部的；竭尽全力的；毫无保留的
 - entire, all, overall, total

Word: journey
Front: journey
[ˈdʒɜ:ni] (高研四六 2409/1662 -K3)
Vocabulary: journey
(once / 62 pages)
nv
If you're looking for a more refined word to call your latest drive to the beach or trip to the mall, try journey — a noun that describes travel from one place to another.
From the Old French journée, meaning a “day’s work or travel,” journey doubles as both noun and verb. The noun simply refers to a voyage; the verb is the act of taking that voyage. So you can journey across the Sahara, or tell friends about your journey across the desert if you make it back alive. Either way, you should always remember that life is a journey, not a destination.
WORD FAMILY
journey: journeyed, journeyer, journeying, journeys+/journeyer: journeyers/journeying: journeyings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ditch your expectations before beginning the journey and keep an open and curious mind.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He told the Today programme ticket prices are rising because they "need to invest more to provide more and better journeys".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Goff began his journey here last spring as a No. 1 overall draft pick, Hollywood’s newest star, the next Kobe, the new Kershaw.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 旅行，旅程行期; 历程，过程
vi. 旅行，出游
vt. 在…旅行或旅行到过…
时态：journeyed, journeying, journeys
分布：旅行(63%)，旅程(31%)，行程(6%)
→来自古法语journee,一天的行程或工作，来自拉丁语diurnum,天，一天，词源同diurnal.后词义不再受一天的行程所局限，引申词义行程，长途旅程。
旅行,旅程[journ=day,表示"日期"]
n.旅行,旅程v.旅行The honourable journalist spent an hour on the journey of tour.可敬的新闻记者在观光旅程上花了一个小时.
US ['dʒɝ:-] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the act of travelling from one place to another, especially in a vehicle （尤指搭乘交通工具的）旅行，行程
• It's a two-hour train journey from York to London. 从约克到伦敦乘火车需要两个小时。
• I love going on long journeys. 我喜欢长途旅行。
• We broke our journey (= stopped for a short time) in Edinburgh before travelling on to Inverness the next day. 我们在爱丁堡稍作停留，第二天继续踏上旅途去印威内斯。
• Did you have a good journey? 你的旅途愉快吗？
• Have a safe journey! 祝你一路平安！
• figurative He views his life as a spiritual journey towards a greater understanding of his faith. 他把生活视作一种深入认识信仰的精神旅程。
See usage note at travel
UK ['dʒɜ:.ni] US ['dʒɝ:-] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition literary
■to travel somewhere 旅行
• As we journeyed south, the landscape became drier and rockier. 我们向南旅行时，土地越来越干燥，岩石越来越多。
expedition, voyage, journey, trip, travel, excursion, tour, cruise
这组词都有“旅行”的意思，其区别是：
expedition: 指有特定目的远征或探险。
voyage: 指在水上旅行，尤指海上旅行，也可指空中旅行。
journey: 最普通用词，侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程陆上旅行，也指水上或空中的旅行。
trip: 普通用词，口语多用，常指为公务或游玩作的较短暂的旅行。
travel: 泛指旅行的行为而不指某次具体的旅行，多指到远方作长期旅行，不强调直接目的地，单、复数均可用。
excursion: 较正式用词，常指不超过一天的短时期娱乐性游玩，也可指乘火车或轮船往返特定景点的远足旅游。
tour: 指最后反回出发地，旅途中有停留游览点，距离可长可短，目的各异的周游或巡行。
cruise: 主要指乘船的游览并在多处停靠。
n. [交] 旅行；行程
 - tour, trip
vi. [交] 旅行
 - travel, have a trip, go on a trip, wayfare

Word: weave
Front: weave
[wi:v] (研四六托雅 4893/5272 -2)
Vocabulary: weave
(once / 320 pages)
nv
Weaving involves lacing strips of fabric, string, or some other material together to make something. You can weave wool to make a rug, or weave the details of a story together to make a great book.
While weave originally only meant to make cloth by interlacing material, it later came to also mean more generally “combine into a whole.” Think of a spider and how it weaves its web, or of how some songs expertly weave in unexpected elements, like the sound of a siren or the waves crashing. You can also use weave to describe a swaying motion, like that of a car darting through traffic when it’s trying to move ahead.
WORD FAMILY
weave: interweave, inweave, unweave, weaved, weaver, weaves, weaving, wove+/interweave: interweaved, interweaves, interweaving, interwove/inweave: inweaves, inweaving, inwove, inwoven/unweave: unweaves, unweaving/ weaver: weavers/weaving: weavings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the football sailed through the air, Daniel Carter plunged down the field for St. Thomas, weaving around potential blockers.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
In Bennett’s classroom, as with others who use it, specific language and games weave their way into everyday activities that reinforce good behavior among students.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Again, the handcuff gesture weaves its way through; again bodies fall, and other dancers run to them, to let them down gently.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 编，织; 迂回行进; 穿行（以避开障碍）
vt. 编排; （把…）编成
vi. 纺织，织布
n. 织物; 织法，编法; 编织式样
时态：wove, woven, weaving, weaves
分布：编织(58%)，织法(17%)，编法(9%)，编造(8%)，组合(5%)，迂回前进(3%)
→来自webh,转，编织，词源同web,weft.
v.编(织)n.编织法,编织式样The weaver will leave for the heavy heaven.那位纺织工将要到阴沉的天国里去.
verb
MAKE 织
intransitive or transitive (wove or US ALSO weaved, woven or US ALSO weaved)
■to make cloth by repeatedly crossing a single thread through two sets of long threads on a loom (= special frame) （在织布机上）织，编，编织
• This type of wool is woven into fabric which will make jackets. 这种羊毛被织成衣料，用来做外套。
transitive (wove or US ALSO weaved, woven or US ALSO weaved)
■to twist long objects together, or to make something by doing this 编，编织；编制，编成
• We were shown how to roughly weave ferns and grass together to make a temporary shelter. 有人给我们示范了如何将蕨类植物和草简单地编起来，搭成临时的栖身之所。
• It takes great skill to weave a basket from/out of rushes. 用灯心草编篮子需要很高技巧。
transitive (wove or US ALSO weaved, woven or US ALSO weaved) literary
■to form something from several different things or to combine several different things, in a complicated or skilled way （透过糅合不同的事物）编写，编造
• The biography is woven from the many accounts which exist of things she did. 该传记是根据大量现存对她的事迹的记载编写而成的。
[wi:v] verb
MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition (weaved, weaved)
■to go or make a path by moving quickly and changing direction often, especially to avoid hitting things （尤指为避开障碍）迂回行进，穿行
• To escape from police officers the thief weaved through/between/in and out of stationary traffic on a bicycle. 为了逃脱员警的追赶，那个小偷骑着脚踏车在静止的车流中迂回穿行。
[wi:v] verb
get weaving UK old-fashioned informal
■If you tell someone to get weaving, you either want them to start something or to hurry what they are doing 开始行动；赶快
• We'd better get weaving - we've got a lot to do today. 我们最好加快速度——今天还有很多事要做呢。
[wi:v] noun countable usually singular
■the way in which cloth has been woven, for example with the threads pulled firmly together, or the pattern produced by this process 织法；编织式样
• a tight weave 密实的织法
• a striped/traditional weave 条纹／传统编织式样
weave, knit
这组词都有“编织”的意思，其区别是：
weave: 指用机器或手工编织物品。
knit: 指用织钟把毛线等编织成衣物等。
vt. [纺] 编织；编排；使迂回前进
 - pleach, complect
n. 织物； [纺] 织法；编织式样
 - cloth, web

Word: co-owner
Front: co-owner
['kəʊ'əʊnə] None
Back: n. 共有人，共同所有人; 共业者
分布：共同所有者(100%)
n. 共有人；共同所有人
 - part owner

Word: mystique
Front: mystique
[mɪˈsti:k] (12931/14748 -1)
Vocabulary: mystique
(once / 12918 pages)
n
An air of mystery around someone gives that person a certain mystique, like your glamorous next door neighbor who's rumored to work for the CIA.
The noun mystique is good for describing someone you find fascinating, like your beautiful and mysterious French teacher with that special mystique. A place or an object can also be described this way; many travelers are attracted to India's mystique, for example. The root of mystique is thought to be the Greek word mystikos, "secret or mystic."
WORD FAMILY
mystique: mystiques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their derring-do, in turn, helped create the Alaskan mystique.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her allure remained intact and incontrovertible, especially as she spoke about “Port of Shadows” and its enduring mystique.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
So successfully did she push her Magyar mystique that soon other people began doing her work: they talked about her.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 神秘性; 奥秘，秘诀
分布：神秘(81%)，奥秘(19%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-ique,形容词后缀。
noun uncountable formal
■a quality of being special in a mysterious and attractive way 神秘气氛；神秘性
• There's great mystique attached to/surrounding the life of a movie star. 影星的生活都笼罩着浓厚的神秘色彩。
• Too much publicity has destroyed the mystique of the monarchy. 过多的宣传报道破坏了王室的神秘感。
n. 奥秘，秘诀；神秘性
 - secret, tips

Word: self-concept
Front: self-concept
[ˌself'kɒnsept] None
Back: n. 自我概念
分布：自我概念(100%)

Word: respite
Front: respite
[ˈrespaɪt] (宝 12950/11176 -1)
Vocabulary: respite
(once / 1480 pages)
nv
A respite is a break from something that's difficult or unpleasant. If you're cramming for exams, take an occasional walk to give yourself a respite from the intensity.
Respite may look like it rhymes with despite, but this word has a stress on its first syllable (RES-pit). It comes from the Latin word respectus, meaning refuge, but we almost always use respite to describe a time, not a place, of relief. If you've been fighting with your partner, a visit from a friend might offer a brief respite from the argument, but the fight will pick up again when she leaves.
WORD FAMILY
respite: respited, respites, respiting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our New Year’s wish: a brief respite from reading obituaries.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Amid such barbarism, is there any respite to allow us to ponder what the violence means and says about how we live?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The plane’s shaking provides a short respite from one of Fuente’s least favorite topics of discussion: himself.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 休息期间; 缓解，暂缓; 延期; （刑罚的）缓期执行
v. 延期; 缓期执行（死刑）; 使休息，使（苦痛等）暂时停止，使缓和; [军]停付（军人）薪饷
时态：respited, respiting, respites
分布：暂缓(73%)，延迟(9%)，推延(9%)，缓刑(9%)
→来自古法语 respit,延迟，来自拉丁语 respectus,考虑，思考，来自 re-,再，-spect,看，词源同 despite,retrospect.比喻用法，即再看再研究，引申词义暂停，暂缓。
【记】re反复，spite＝bite咬：反复咬你，需要休息－间歇
['res.paɪt] formal
noun
uncountable
■a pause or rest from something difficult or unpleasant 暂停；暂时中止；暂时缓解
• We worked for hours without respite. 我们一刻不停地工作了好几个小时。
only singular
■a useful delay before something unpleasant happens 暂缓；短暂的延缓；喘息（时间）
• Their teacher was away, so they had a day's respite before their essays were due. 他们的老师外出，所以他们交论文的期限往后拖了一天。
n. 缓解；暂缓；暂时的休息； [法] 缓期执行
 - remission
vt. 使缓解；使暂缓；使延期； [法] 缓期执行
 - stay of execution

Word: guinea

Word: pity
Front: pity
[ˈpɪti] (中高 6927/3803 -K2)
Vocabulary: pity
(once / 67 pages)
nv
If you feel pity, you feel sympathy for someone else's suffering. A documentary on prisoners who have been wrongfully convicted might make you feel pity for them.
Use pity as a noun or a verb. You feel pity for the really bad singer so you try to look attentive, but then you pity yourself for having to suffer through his terrible rendition of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow." We also say something is a pity if it's something to be sad about. It's a pity that your computer crashed right after you finished your paper.
WORD FAMILY
pity: piteous, pitiable, pitied, pities, pitiful, pitiless, pitying, self-pity +/ piteous: piteously/ pitiable: pitiablest, pitiably/ pitiful: pitifulest, pitifully/ pitiless: pitilessly, pitilessness/pitying: unpitying/unpitying: unpityingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pity the poor letter carrier: This week will be a long one.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But it would be a pity if it were a hard Brexit.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
“He said ‘Well, Fidelis, much as I congratulate you, I also pity you.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 怜悯; 同情; 可惜的事; 憾事
vt. 对…表示怜悯; 对…感到同情
时态：pitied, pitying, pities
分布：同情(34%)，怜悯(25%)，遗憾(24%)，可惜(17%)
→来自古法语pitet,可怜，同情，怜悯，关切，来自拉丁语pietas,职责，虔诚，笃信宗教，词源同piety,pious.词义演变由虔诚引申为行善，关爱世人，可怜，同情，怜悯等。
v.(觉得)可怜,惋惜n.憾事,怜悯It's a pity that the spitbox in the pit was hit and split.遗憾的是坑内的痰盂被打裂.
US ['pɪtˌ-] noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■a feeling of sympathy and understanding for someone else's unhappiness or difficult situation 同情，怜悯
• The girl stood gazing in/with pity at the old lion in the cage. 女孩站在那里，同情地盯着笼里的老狮子。
• We took pity on (= felt sorry for and therefore helped) a couple of people waiting in the rain for a bus and gave them a lift. 我们同情几个在雨中等公共汽车的人，就载了他们一程。
⇒ See also self-pity
 ADVANCED only singular
■If something is described as a pity, it is disappointing or not satisfactory 遗憾，可惜
• "Can't you go to the party? Oh, that's (such) a pity." “你不能参加派对吗？唉，真可惜。”
• [+ (that)] Pity (that) you didn't remember to give me the message. 真遗憾你忘了把讯息转达给我。
• [+ that] The pity was that so few people bothered to come. 令人遗憾的是没有多少人愿意来。
• We'll have to leave early, more's the pity (= and I am unhappy about it). 我们必须早早离开，太遗憾了。
• " What a pity you're ill!" “你生病了，太遗憾了！”
UK ['pɪt.i] US ['pɪtˌ-] verb transitive
■to feel sympathy for someone 同情，怜悯
• Pity (= Feel sorry for) those on the street with no home to go to. 同情一下大街上那些无家可归的人吧。
pity, sympathy, compassion, mercy
这组词都有“同情、怜悯”的意思，其区别是：
pity: 指对弱者、不幸者所表示的怜惜之情。
sympathy: 普通常用词，含义广。指志趣、看法上的一致，也指感情相投，带有深深的恻隐之心的亲切之情。
compassion: 较正式较庄重用词，指对同等人的同情与理解，常含急切愿意帮忙的意味。
mercy: 侧重指对应受惩罚或地位卑下者的慈悲或怜悯。
n. 怜悯，同情；遗憾
 - regret, feeling, compassion, mercy, sympathy

Word: quell
Front: quell
[kwel] (托宝 12955/14026 -1)
Vocabulary: quell
(once / 1599 pages)
v
Meaning to suppress or overcome, quell is what you have to do with nerves before a big test and fears before going skydiving.
When it first came into existence, the verb quell actually meant “to murder.” That's a bit more serious than our modern definition, but you can use that old definition to help you imagine offing your worries or putting a permanent end to criticism. These days quell is often used to mean "pacify," as in the police quelling an angry mob or a mom quelling a kid's temper tantrum.
WORD FAMILY
quell: quelled, quelling, quells+/quelling: quellings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
She and her team do not plan to move manufacturing back just to quell critics.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
There is a button-down manner on the straightaways and quelled road noise.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 压制，镇压; 减轻; 消除; 使镇定
n. <古>屠杀; 杀戮
时态：quelled, quelling, quells
分布：平息(71%)，消除(12%)，压制(9%)，减轻(8%)
→来自古英语cwellan,杀死，谋杀，执行死刑，来自gwele,扔，投掷，词源同ballistic,kill. 词义由扔，投掷引申为刺，杀。后引申词义制止，阻止。
【记】que缺，ll想成两把枪：因为他们没有枪，我们才能用武力镇压。Qu＝squ压制
【反】foment＝instigate＝incite＝rouse＝stir up（v 激起）
verb transitive
■to stop something, especially by using force （尤其指透过武力）制止，平息；镇压
• Police in riot gear were called in to quell the disturbances/unrest. 身穿防暴装的员警奉命前来平息骚乱。
• This latest setback will have done nothing to quell the growing doubts about the future of the club. 最近一次的挫折对消除人们对俱乐部前景与日俱增的疑虑没有一点好处。
vt. 平息；镇压；减轻；消除
 - eliminate, avoid, moderate, suppress

Word: torpedo
Front: torpedo
[tɔ:ˈpi:dəʊ] (六宝 12984/23221 -1)
Vocabulary: torpedo
(once / 1006 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A torpedo is a type of missile or bomb fired underwater. To torpedo is to attack with torpedoes.
Torpedoes are cigar-shaped projectiles that are used to attack other submarines or boats. The word torpedo comes from the name of a kind of electric ray that numbs you with its sting (torpediniformes). Torpedoes can also be used to attack a target on land. When a submarine fires torpedoes, they're torpedoing the target. Torpedoes explode upon impact, and they're very powerful weapons.
WORD FAMILY
torpedo: torpedoed, torpedoes, torpedoing, torpedos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It probably wasn’t done to torpedo Clinton, though that was the result.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Navy and was posted to a nuclear submarine, he told his parents that he slept on top of a torpedo.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Then, in 1990, an EPA veto torpedoed the project at the last minute.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 鱼雷; 油井爆破筒; [鱼]电鯆; 职业杀手
vt. 用鱼雷袭击; 破坏; （在油井内）装置爆破筒; 使失去（活动能力等）
时态：torpedoed, torpedoing, torpedos
分布：鱼雷(98%)，用鱼雷破坏(1%)，破坏政策或事情等(1%)
→来自拉丁语 torpedo,电鳐，因这种鱼可以放电电晕猎物而得名，来自 torpere,使麻木，使迟钝， 词源同 torpor,torpid.后借用该拉丁词用于指大规律爆炸性炸药鱼雷，水雷。
【记】tor转，pedo：鱼雷是旋转前进的。
US [tɔ:r'pi:.doʊ] noun countable or uncountable (plural torpedoes)
■a long thin bomb which travels under water in order to destroy the ship at which it is aimed 鱼雷
UK [tɔ:'pi:.dəʊ] US [tɔ:r'pi:.doʊ] verb transitive
■to use a torpedo to destroy something 用鱼雷摧毁
■informal
■to destroy 破坏；毁坏
• He accused them of trying to torpedo the peace process. 他指责他们试图破坏和平进程。
n. 鱼雷； [军] 水雷；油井爆破筒；电鳐；职业杀手
 - mine, mouldy
vt. 破坏；用鱼雷袭击
 - destroy, undermine, founder