Title: COCA-1W2-1W4 (part 2)

Word: imperfection
Front: imperfection
[ˌɪmpəˈfekʃn] (12940/14100)
Vocabulary: imperfection
(once / 1392 pages)
n
An imperfection is a detail that makes something (or someone) less than perfect. A tiny crack in your otherwise flawless Ming vase might be its only imperfection.
In addition to a blemish or defect, imperfection can also mean "the general state of not being perfect." For example, you could say, "Yeah, my dog is funny-looking, but her imperfection is part of what I love about her." The Latin imperfectus is at the root of imperfection, meaning "unfinished, incomplete, or immature," a combination of im-, "not," and perfectus, "finished or complete."
WORD FAMILY
imperfection: imperfections+/ imperfect: imperfectly, imperfectness, imperfects/imperfectible: imperfectibility/ perfect: imperfect, perfected, perfectedly, perfecter, perfectest, perfectible, perfecting, perfection, perfective, perfectly, perfects/perfecter: perfecters/perfectible: imperfectible, perfectibility/ perfection: imperfection, perfectionism, perfections/perfectionism: perfectionist / perfectionist: perfectionists/perfective: imperfective
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chelsea were oozing confidence and Conte was also at his most animated, slapping his thighs in frustration at imperfections that were imperceptible to most spectators.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Here are a few other notable items as the Browns attempt to avoid imperfection:
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It wasn’t without imperfections: The quality of the solo voices ranged widely this year, and there were some coordination hiccups.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 不完美; 缺点，瑕疵
分布：不完美(68%)，缺点(32%)
【记】perfect（adj 完美的）
US [-pɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a fault or weakness 缺点或弱点
• Gradually she began to notice one or two little imperfections in his character. 渐渐地，她开始注意到他性格上的一两个小缺点。
• She won't tolerate imperfection in her own or anyone else's work. 她不能容忍自己或他人工作中的瑕疵。
n. [晶体] 不完美；瑕疵；缺点
 - defect, deficiency, vice, fault, disadvantage

Word: drench
Front: drench
[drentʃ] (雅宝 12912/14578 -1)
Vocabulary: drench
(once / 1118 pages)
v
To drench something is to get it thoroughly wet. You might drench your sister with the garden hose to pay her back for squirting you with her water pistol.
When you're sailing a small boat on a stormy day, waves might drench you, and a torrential rain storm can also drench you, if you leave your umbrella at home. If your dog is crazy about swimming, he might drench himself often by plunging into whatever body of water you're near. Drench comes from the Old English drencan, which means both "submerge or drown" and "give drink to or make drunk."
WORD FAMILY
drench: drenched, drenches, drenching+/drenching: drenchings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Drivers slowed just as a fast-moving thunderstorm unleashed sheets of rain that drenched the road and reduced visibility to a few dozen yards.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The Christmas storm drenched the usually dry region, causing flash floods and turning the soil into mud.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Even as Obama spoke, an 80 percent surge in U.S. visitors was drenching state-run and private businesses with hundreds of millions of desperately needed dollars.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: v. 使湿透; 给（牲畜）灌药; 使充满，使洋溢
n. 弄湿; 浸液
时态：drenched, drenching, drenches
分布：使湿透(46%)，浸湿(30%)，大剂量药液(8%)，灌药(8%)，过分沉溺(8%)
→词源同drink, 喝，饮。引申义湿透。
【记】d地，ren人，ch吃：人坐在地上吃饭，吃的太多就起不来了，而且还想方便一下，忍不住就湿透了。源于：drink喝（得太多就湿透了）
【参】trench（n 沟渠；战壕v 掘沟；挖战壕）
【反】desiccate（v 干燥）sicc（一渴再渴而死）－干
verb transitive often passive
■to make someone or something extremely wet 使湿透；淋透；浇透
• A sudden thunderstorm had drenched us to the skin. 突如其来的雷阵雨把我们淋透了。
• The athletes were drenched in/with sweat. 运动员的汗水湿透了衣服。
vt. 使湿透；给（牲畜）灌药
 - bedrabble
n. 滂沱大雨；浸液
 - immersion liquid

Word: innumerable
Front: innumerable
[ɪˈnju:mərəbl] (研六托雅 12952/11097 -1)
Vocabulary: innumerable
(once / 417 pages)
adj
Something innumerable can't be counted — there are just too many, like the stars in the sky. Innumerable things are infinite.
Things that are countless, multitudinous, myriad, numberless, uncounted, or unnumerable are also called innumerable: you couldn't count them if you tried. There are a lot of countries in the world, but they aren't innumerable. On the other hand, the number of drops in the ocean is definitely innumerable. And if you wanted to be really nice, you'd say "Her charms are innumerable!" Even though you could probably count all of her good qualities.
WORD FAMILY
innumerable: innumerableness, innumerably+/numerable: denumerable, innumerable, unnumerable
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There are innumerable images of candidates seemingly contorted in expression or gesture,” the artist said.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
We saw it in the theatres and then my sister and I watched it innumerable times downstairs in our TV room.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Climate change also exacerbates the innumerable other challenges faced by Kiribati.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 无数的，数不清的; 指不胜屈; 不可胜数; 无可胜数
分布：无数的(66%)，数不清的(34%)
→in-,不，非，-numer,数字，词源同number,numerous.即数不清数字的，无数的。
数不清的(in不+numer+able)[numer=number,表示"数目"]
a.无数的,数不清的There are innumerable stars in the sky.天空中有数不清的星星.
US [ɪ'nu:.mɚ-] adjective
■too many to be counted 无数的，数不清的
• The project has been delayed by innumerable problems. 由于问题太多，计划已延迟。
adj. 无数的，数不清的
 - thousand, countless, million, infinite

Word: enrage
Front: enrage
[ɪnˈreɪdʒ] (托宝 12957/14359 -1)
Vocabulary: enrage
(once / 867 pages)
v
Things that enrage you make you mad. Really mad. People are not typically enraged by annoying things like paper cuts or long lines. They are more likely to become enraged by evil or injustice.
Something that enrages you makes you incredibly angry. The news that their favorite teacher has been fired might enrage a group of students, and witnessing someone mistreating an animal might also enrage them. The 14th century verb enrage combines the prefix en-, "make or put in," and rage, with its Latin root rabies, "madness, rage, or fury."
WORD FAMILY
enrage: enraged, enragement, enrages, enraging+/ enraged: enragedly/ rage: enrage, raged, rages, raging/raging: ragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday's riot involved dozens of locals enraged by the killing of a 21-year-old Polish man, identified only as Daniel R, outside a kebab restaurant.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
In doing so, however, Mr. Obama also solidified his reputation for using public lands to reward his friends and enrage his enemies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It was clear from all the enraged comments on the YouTube trailer that a certain segment of the population wouldn’t be satisfied no matter what.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 激怒，使暴怒
时态：enraged, enraging, enrages
分布：激怒(78%)，使暴怒(22%)
→en-, 进入，使。rage, 狂怒。
使发怒(en使+rage→使人疯狂→使发怒)[roge=mad,表示"疯狂"]
【记】rage（n /v 狂怒；精神错乱）
verb transitive often passive
■to cause someone to become very angry 使非常愤怒；激怒；触怒
• Plans to build a new nightclub in the neighbourhood have enraged local residents. 在附近地区新建一家夜总会的计划激怒了当地居民。
• He was enraged at the article about him. 关于他的那篇报道使他大为光火。
vt. 激怒；使暴怒
 - anger, rub the wrong way

Word: author
Front: author
[ˈɔ:θə(r)] (高研四六雅 685/1382 -K4)
Vocabulary: author
(once / 43 pages)
nv
An author is a person who writes books or articles, usually for money. It can also refer to the person responsible for something, like the author of a plan to overthrow the student government.
Author comes from the Latin word auctorem, meaning "founder, master, leader." Bow down to the author! Well, no need for that, just make sure the author gets credit. Author usually refers to a professional writer. In fact, author can be used interchangeably with the word writer. But author packs a little more punch — an author is involved in the creation of the work and generating the ideas behind it. Strictly speaking, a writer could just execute the written product.
WORD FAMILY
author: auctorial, authored, authorial, authoring, authorized, authors, authorship, co-author+/authorial: authorially/authorized: unauthorized/ authorship: authorships/co-author: co-authored
USAGE EXAMPLES
The transition official was not authorized to publicly confirm Trump’s expected decision and insisted on anonymity.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
More than 170 House Republicans signed a recent letter of which Mr. Price was an author, urging the administration to “stop experimenting with Americans’ health.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All officials spoke on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak to reporters.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 著作家; 作者; 创造者; 发起人
vt. 创作出版
时态：authored, authoring, authors
分布：作者(74%)，作家(21%)，创作(2%)，编写(2%)，上帝(1%)
→来自法语autor, 父亲。词源同auct, 创造，增加。字母c脱落，又受希腊语影响添加字母h.
n.作者,作家,著作人;创始人,发起人The prose author's diagnosis discloses that the hose is damaged.散文作者的诊断透露软管被损坏.
US ['ɑ:.θɚ] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the writer of a book, article, play, etc. 作者，作家；著者
• He is the author of two books on French history. 他是两部法国历史著作的作者。
■formal
■a person who begins or creates something 发起者，始创人
• She's the author of the company's recent success/ of all our troubles. 是她给公司带来了最近的成功／我们所有的麻烦都是她造成的。
UK ['ɔ:.θər] US ['ɑ:.θɚ] verb transitive formal
■to write a book, article, etc. 撰写，写作；编写
• He has authored more than 30 books. 他已经写了30多本书。
■mainly US
■to create something 发起，始创；创造
• The deal is being authored by a Greek diplomat. 一位希腊外交官正在牵头促成这项协议。
author, writer
这组词都有“作者，作家”的意思，其区别是：
author: 泛指用自己名字或笔名发表过作品的人，不强调是否以写作为主职业。
writer: 含义广泛，一般指以写作为职业的人。
n. [图情] 作者；作家；创始人
 - writer, pen

Word: grate
Front: grate
[greɪt] (雅宝 8512/10689 -2)
Vocabulary: grate
(once / 109 pages)
1vn 2nv
When you grate something you rip it to shreds, like a pound of solid cheese that you shred for a recipe.
The verb grate entered the English language in the fourteenth century by way of the French word grater, meaning “to scrape.” Using grate in this sense, you might grate your teeth or grate a carrot, meaning rub or pulverize. By the sixteenth century the word had taken on the additional meaning of “sound harshly” and “annoy.” This evolution makes sense if you think about it: If you’ve ever had anything really annoy you — "grate on your nerves" — it can almost seem as if a cheese grater has been applied to your nerves and is slowly ripping them to shreds.
WORD FAMILY
grate: grated, grateful, grater, grates, grating+/ grateful: gratefuler, gratefulest, gratefully, gratefulness, ungrateful /grater: graters/grating: gratingly, gratings/ ungrateful: ungratefulest, ungratefully, ungratefulness/ungratefulness: ungratefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would the fast-paced writing that initially charmed me now seem grating?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Fire Chief Dan Meehan says the man was working on an old furnace underneath a grate in the floor when he fell in headfirst.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 磨碎，压碎; 装格栅
vi. 发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受
n. 炉格，炉箅; 刺耳的声音
时态：grated, grating, grates
分布：栅(38%)，壁炉(29%)，磨碎(19%)，装格栅于(8%)，磨擦(6%)
→1.炉条，来自sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同cradle, hurdle. 因如编织状经纬结构而得名。
【记】g割，rat老鼠，e：慢慢地割老鼠的脖子－发出吱吱的，刺耳的声音－令人非常气恼
【反】soothe（v 安慰；使平静）
verb
COOKING 烹饪
transitive
■to rub food against a grater (= metal device with sharp holes in it) in order to cut it into a lot of small pieces 磨碎，擦碎（食物）
• grated cheese 磨碎的起司
[greɪt] verb
RUB TOGETHER 摩擦
intransitive
■When two hard objects grate, they rub together, sometimes making a sharp unpleasant sound. 摩擦；发出刺耳的摩擦声
[greɪt] verb
ANNOY 使苦恼
intransitive
■When a noise or behaviour grates, it annoys you 使烦恼；使烦躁；使难受
• After a while her voice really started to grate on me. 过了一会儿，她的聒噪声的确开始让我心烦了。
• It's the way she's always talking about herself - it just grates on me. 她总是喋喋不休地说她自己的事情——简直烦死我了。
[greɪt] noun countable
■a metal structure which holds coal or wood in a fireplace （壁炉上的）金属炉架，炉箅
n. 壁炉；格栅
 - fire place, grizzly screen

Word: droplet
Front: droplet
[ˈdrɒplət] (托宝 12935/14805 -1)
Back: n. 小滴，微滴; 小水珠
分布：小滴(57%)，微滴(43%)
【记】drop（n /v 滴）let小－小水滴
US ['drɑ:p-] noun countable
■a small drop of liquid 小滴
n. 小滴， [气象] 微滴
 - microsphere

Word: contraceptive
Front: contraceptive
[ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv] (12985/15576 -1)
Back: n. 避孕用具; [药]避孕剂
adj. 避孕的，避孕用的
分布：避孕药(83%)，避孕的(12%)，避孕用具(5%)
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable
■any of various devices or drugs intended to prevent pregnancy 避孕用具；避孕药
• The clinic provides a free supply of contraceptives on request. 该诊所可以免费提供避孕药具。
n. 避孕用具； [药] 避孕剂
 - prophylactic
adj. [药] 避孕的
 - antifertility

Word: bag
Front: bag
[bæg] (中高 1008/1292 -K4)
Vocabulary: bag
(once / 132 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n 5n 6n
A bag is a lightweight, flexible container meant for carrying things. A grocery bag is one you bring home from the supermarket full of food.
In some places the word sack is more common, but the handled container you get at the store when you buy something is usually called a bag. You can also refer to a suitcase, handbag, or purse as a bag. When the word is used as a verb, it can mean "to put in a bag," but also "to catch something." Figuratively, you can "be left holding the bag," which means to be swindled or cheated.
WORD FAMILY
bag: bagful, bagged, bagger, bagging, bags+/bagful: bagfuls/bagger: baggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So remove dry cleaning bags and hang only one item per hanger.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Police used a bean bag gun and stun gun on the animal before catching it.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Nearly every business in town — from the beauty salon to the local tourism agency — decorates its storefront with big bags of rice and sugar.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 袋，囊，枕套; 钱包，手提皮包，财富; 〈英俚〉大量，很多
vt. 把。。装入袋中，猎获; 捕获; 得分; 抢占
vi. 松散地垂挂; 鼓胀
时态：bagged, bagging, bags
分布：包(50%)，袋(48%)，袋状物(1%)，把 ... 装进袋子(1%)
→词源不详。
n.袋,提包v.把...装入袋中;猎杀;占有The lagging man tagged the bags among the luggage with small flags.落伍者给行李中的袋子加上小旗标签.
noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
 ESSENTIAL
■a soft container made out of paper or thin plastic, or a stronger container made of leather, plastic or other material, usually with a handle, in which you carry personal things or clothes or other things that you need for travelling 袋子
• a paper/plastic bag 纸／塑胶袋
• a shopping bag (= a bag in which shopping is carried) 购物袋
• a bag of apples/nuts 一袋苹果／果仁
• Don't eat that whole bag of (= the amount the bag contains) sweets at once. 不要一次就把整袋糖吃完。
• I hadn't even packed my bags (= put the things I own in cases/bags). 我甚至还没有把东西装好呢。
bags under your eyes
■dark, loose or swollen skin under your eyes because of tiredness or old age 眼袋
[bæg] noun countable
WOMAN 女人 slang
■a rude and insulting name for a woman, especially an older one （尤指年纪大的）丑妇
• Silly old bag! 又蠢又丑 的老太婆！
[bæg] noun countable
TROUSERS 裤
bags UK old-fashioned
■trousers with a wide and loose style 宽松的裤子
• Oxford bags 灯笼裤
[bæg] noun countable
bags of sth mainly UK informal
■a lot of something 很多，大量
• Come and stay with us - we've got bags of room. 来跟我们一起住吧——我们那边地方很大。
• Don't panic, there's bags of time yet. 不要慌，还有很多时间。
[bæg] noun countable
be your bag old-fashioned slang
■to be something that you are interested in 感兴趣的东西
• Tennis isn't really my bag, I'm afraid. 恐怕我对网球不是很感兴趣。
[bæg] noun countable
be in the bag informal
■If something is in the bag, you are certain to get it or to achieve it 囊中之物，十拿九稳
• Once we'd scored the third goal, the match was pretty much in the bag. 一旦我们进了第三球，要在比赛中取胜已经是十拿九稳的了。
[bæg] verb (-gg-)
GET 占据
transitive informal
■to get something before other people have a chance to take it 占据；抢占
• [+ two objects] Bag us some decent seats/Bag some decent seats for us if you get there first, won't you? 如果你先到，就帮我们占几个好位子，可以吗？
⇒ See also bags
[bæg] verb (-gg-)
KILL 杀死
transitive
■to hunt and kill an animal or bird 捕获，杀（动物或鸟）
[bæg] verb (-gg-)
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive Australian informal
■to criticize or laugh at someone or something in an unkind way 批评；嘲笑
• Stop bagging her (out) - she's doing her best. 别再批评她了——她正尽力而为。
[bæg] verb (-gg-)
CONTAINER 容器
transitive
■to put something in a bag 把…装进袋子里
• Shall I bag (up) those tomatoes for you? 要我帮你把番茄装进袋子里吗？
[bæg] verb (-gg-)
CLOTHES 衣服
intransitive
■to hang loosely like a bag 如布袋状松垂
• I hate these trousers - they bag (out) at the back. 我讨厌这条裤子，后面松松垮垮的。
sack, handbag, purse, bag
这组词都有“袋”的意思，其区别是：
sack: 应用较窄，指较大的袋子，如麻袋等。
handbag: 指手提包，尤指女人用的手提包。
purse: 指钱包或小钱袋，在美国相当于bandbag。
bag: 普通用词，指一般的口袋，有时也指手提包。
n. 袋；钱包，旅行袋；袋状物；猎获物
 - killing, wallet
vt. 占据，私吞；猎获；把…装入袋中；使膨大
 - occupy

Word: fascist
Front: fascist
['fæʃɪst] (12920/8136 -2)
Vocabulary: fascist
(once / 2507 pages)
nadj
If you know someone who's a fascist, that person is probably into control. A fascist is a follower of a political philosophy characterized by authoritarian views and a strong central government — and no tolerance for opposing opinions.
Fascist traces to the Italian word fascio, meaning "group, bundle." Under fascist rule, the emphasis is on the group — the nation — with few individual rights. You must support the ruling party's views on society, politics, and culture — or else. The term was used by Italian political leader Benito Mussolini under his totalitarian, anti-communist government. The word can describe someone who supports fascism — or whose behavior is so stern and controlling that it seems like he does.
WORD FAMILY
fascist: fascists+/ fascism: fascist, fascistic/fascistic: fascistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
When a fascist empire threatened, she fought back.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Wearing thick winter coats, gloves and hats, they carried signs calling Trump a “fascist thug” and “Putin’s Poodle.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
More than 200 demonstrators braved freezing temperatures at Pennsylvania’s capitol, chanting, “No Trump, no KKK, no fascist USA!” and “No treason, no Trump!”
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 法西斯主义者; 法西斯分子
adj. 法西斯主义的; 法西斯主义者的; 法西斯党的
分布：法西斯主义者(37%)，法西斯主义的(28%)，法西斯党员(17%)，极右分子(8%)，法西斯主义者的(5%)，极右分子的(5%)
→来自fascism, 法西斯主义。
adjective (also fascistic)
 ADVANCED
■based on or supporting fascism （基于或支持）法西斯主义的
• fascist groups 法西斯团体
• a fascist dictator/regime 法西斯独裁者／政权
['fæʃ.ɪst] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■someone who supports fascism 法西斯主义者
■a person of the far right in politics 极右分子
■disapproving
■someone who does not allow any opposition 独断专行的人
• He reckons all policemen are fascists and bullies. 他认为所有的员警都是法西斯兼恶棍。

Word: inaccessible
Front: inaccessible
[ˌɪnækˈsesəbl] (研六托 12956/11099 -1)
Vocabulary: inaccessible
(once / 1326 pages)
adj
Can't get to something you want? It must be inaccessible. If it were accessible, you wouldn't have any trouble finding it.
This word makes a lot of sense when you think about the word access, which is the ability to get at, use, or have something. Inaccessible things are out of reach. There are a lot of ways this word is used. A building without a ramp is often called inaccessible because people who use wheelchairs can't get in. People can be inaccessible too. If your doctor has office hours only one hour a day every two months, she's really inaccessible.
WORD FAMILY
inaccessible: inaccessibility, inaccessibly+/ access: accessed, accesses, accessible, accessing, de-access/ accessibility: accessibilities/ accessible: accessibility, accessibly, inaccessible, unaccessible/inaccessibility: inaccessibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the buildings here are public or open to visitors, because what good is good architecture if it’s inaccessible?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
These areas are usually very inaccessible and often off limits.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Portraits in the Oval Office are largely inaccessible to the public.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 达不到的; 难见到的; 不能接近的; 无法理解的
分布：难接近的(57%)，难见到的(26%)，难达到的(17%)
→in-,不，非，accessible,可达到的。
难以接近的[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
adjective
PLACE 地方
■very difficult or impossible to travel to 难到达的；达不到的
• one of the most inaccessible places in the world 世界上最难到达的地方之一
• Some of the houses on the hillside are inaccessible to cars. 山坡上的一些房屋开车上不去。
[ˌɪn.ək'ses.ɪ.bl] adjective
MEANING 意义
■difficult to understand or admire 难懂的；难以欣赏的
• Why is opera so inaccessible to so many people? 为甚么歌剧有这么多人无法欣赏？
• I found his lecture completely inaccessible. 我发觉他的讲座完全听不懂。

Word: redevelopment
Front: redevelopment
[ˌri:dɪ'veləpmənt] (12964/10280 -1)
Back: n. 再开发; 再建; 复兴
分布：再发展(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
重新开发;重新建设
When redevelopment takes place, the buildings in one area of a town are knocked down and new ones are built in their place.

Word: notoriety
Front: notoriety
[ˌnəʊtəˈraɪəti] (12965/15047 -1)
Vocabulary: notoriety
(once / 2126 pages)
n
Notoriety is fame you get from doing something bad or being part of a misfortune or scandal. Just remember: Notoriety's not al-righty. Charles Manson earned notoriety for his grisly crimes.
In our celebrity culture, it's hard not to think that seizing your 15 minutes of fame is worth the shame of earning it through stupidity, scandal, or evil. (See: people's motives for going on reality television.) The rest of us can comfort ourselves with in our boringness that most people who become notorious fade from the public mind quickly.
WORD FAMILY
notoriety: notorieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
That he would parlay his notoriety into some sort of book deal is an unsavory, if inevitable, prospect.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Gloucester’s effort gained notoriety for offering heroin addicts help getting treatment if they turned in their drugs.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The following year, though, he used his increased notoriety to protest against BP’s sponsorship of the prize.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 恶名，丑名; 臭名昭著，声名狼藉
分布：恶名(70%)，臭名昭著(27%)，声名狼籍(3%)
→来自notorious,恶名昭著的。
恶名(notorious的名词)[Not=know,表示"知道,注意"]
臭名昭著(notori著名)[-ety表名词"状态"]
US [ˌnoʊ.tˌə'raɪ.ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of being famous for something bad 臭名昭著，声名狼藉
• He achieved/gained notoriety for murdering eleven women in the north of England. 他在英格兰北部谋杀了11名女子，劣迹昭彰。

Word: cohesive
Front: cohesive
[kəʊˈhi:sɪv] (研托宝 12919/12438 -1)
Vocabulary: cohesive
(once / 9908 pages)
adj
When the parts of the whole work or fit together well, they are cohesive, like a cohesive family whose members pitch in with everything from making dinner to painting the house.
The adjective cohesive comes from the Latin word cohaerere, or “to cleave together.” Cohesive things stick together, so they are unified. A cohesive neighborhood's members get together to plan things like block parties, and they work together to solve problems. A cohesive fitness plan would include menus and exercise routines designed to lose weight, build muscle, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive / coherence: coherences/coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesion: cohesions/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies/ incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently
USAGE EXAMPLES
In lesser hands, that might add up to a distracting collage, but in Min’s and Day’s, the result is both dazzling and cohesive.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
“We want the old downtown to be able to compete and be cohesive with the new downtown,” Low said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
They are a collection of high-profile names but are not always a cohesive unit.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 有黏着力的; 紧密结合的
分布：有结合性的(34%)，粘性的(33%)，有粘聚性的(33%)
a.粘合性的,有结合力的The members of the group remained remarkably cohesive.这个团体的成员始终十分团结.
US [koʊ-] formal
adjective
■united and working together effectively 有凝聚力的；团结的
• a cohesive group 有凝聚力的团体
• cohesive forces 凝聚力
adj. 有结合力的；紧密结合的；有粘着力的
 - combinative

Word: overestimate
Front: overestimate
[ˌəʊvərˈestɪmeɪt] (六托 12942/14129 -1)
Vocabulary: overestimate
(once / 4567 pages)
vn
If you're confident your favorite team will win the championship even though the star player is injured, you may want to reconsider: don't let your team spirit cause you to overestimate, or overvalue, the team's abilities.
When you estimate something, you make a calculation or a judgment of its value. So, when you overestimate, you assign too much value to the thing you are judging. If you overestimate how much time you have left to get to school, you could be late. Likewise, if you overestimate how prepared you are for a test, you might end up with a poor grade. This verb is the opposite of underestimate, or “to assign too little value.”
WORD FAMILY
overestimate: overestimated, overestimates, overestimating, overestimation+/ estimable: estimably, inestimable / estimate: estimable, estimated, estimates, estimating, estimation, estimator, misestimate, overestimate, underestimate / estimation: estimations/estimator: estimators/ inestimable: inestimably/misestimate: misestimated, misestimates, misestimation/overestimation: overestimations/ underestimate: underestimated, underestimates, underestimating, underestimation/underestimation: underestimations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The WSJ medal predictions underestimated the American Olympic team, as well as the British and overestimated the Australians in Rio.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Maybe they overestimated Bradley too, even though his appointment always seemed a shot in the dark.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Like the 2016 election, an effort to exploit Republican unease with Trump overestimated Republican unease and underestimated Democratic division.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 对（数量）估计过高，对…作过高的评价; ，对…估计过高
n. 过高的估计; 过分的评价
vi. 估计过高; 评价过高
时态：overestimated, overestimating, overestimates
分布：过高估计(46%)，估计过高(34%)，评价过高(10%)，出价过高(7%)，过高出价(3%)
→over-,超过，过度，estimate,估计。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'es-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to think that something is or will be greater, more extreme or more important than it really is 过高估计；过高评价
• The benefits of nuclear technology, she said, had been grossly overestimated. 她说，核技术的好处被大大高估了。
• They were forced to the conclusion that they had overestimated him/his abilities. 他们不得不得出结论：他们高估了他／他的能力。
• I overestimated and there was a lot of food left over after the party. 我估计过头，结果聚会后剩了许多食物。

Word: precedence
Front: precedence
[ˈpresɪdəns] (雅 12948/9632 -1)
Vocabulary: precedence
(once / 1769 pages)
n
Notice the verb "precede" in the noun precedence, and you'll be able to remember that precedence is the act of preceding, of coming before — either in time or in rank.
When you're stranded without food or water, the search for water should definitely take precedence over the search for food, since you'll die of dehydration long before you starve. When deciding where to seat people, restaurant owners give precedence to the famous and rich: making them happy will be good for business. Which things take precedence over others depends on what you think is more important. "Age before beauty," I always say.
WORD FAMILY
precedence: precedences, precedential+/ precede: preceded, precedency, precedent, precedes, preceding, precession/precedency: precedencies/ precedent: precedence, precedently, precedents/precession: precessions
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there happens to be plenty of precedence for quarterbacks who didn’t put up gaudy touchdown numbers leading their teams to the Super Bowl, too.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“This is mostly based on historical precedence,” Lovely said.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
“Anyone in this country could see that the mulattos were given precedence everywhere,” Dr. Delle said.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 领先; 优先权; 地位先后，级别高低; 位次
分布：优先(99%)，居先(1%)
→来自precede,先走，先于，-ence,名词后缀。引申词义优先权。
【记】pre前，cede走，nce：走在前面－有优先权
【参】precede（v 领先于；在…之前）
US [-ə.dents] noun uncountable
■the condition of being dealt with before other things or of being considered more important than other things （时间、顺序、重要程度等的）居前，领先
• Precedence must be given to the injured in the evacuation plans. 在疏散计划中应优先考虑伤者。
• Business people often think that fluency and communication take precedence over grammar when speaking. 商界人士常认为说话的流利程度和表达能力比文法重要。
■formal
■the order of importance given to people in particular societies, groups or organizations 地位先后，级别高低
• The order of precedence for titled nobility in Britain is duke, marquis, earl, viscount, baron. 在英国有爵位的贵族级别依次为公爵、侯爵、伯爵、子爵和男爵。
n. [计] 优先；居先
 - priority, preference to sth

Word: Amish

Word: vagina
Front: vagina
[vəˈdʒaɪnə] (12938/12481 -1)
Vocabulary: vagina
(once / 4526 pages)
n
The vagina is a canal-like area in women stretching from the uterus to the labia. Vaginas are pretty important, since they're crucial for birth and sex.
A vagina is an opening in a woman's body that goes back to her uterus. In sex, the man's penis goes into the vagina. In birth, the baby comes out of the vagina. That makes vaginas pretty crucial to life. Without a vagina, there'd be no babies in the womb, and even if there were, they'd have no way to get out of the womb and be born.
WORD FAMILY
vagina: vaginae, vaginal, vaginas+/vaginal: vaginally
USAGE EXAMPLES
We created the Great Wall of Vulvas to accompany the Vagina Dispatches, the Guardian video series on women’s health.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Intromission, the meeting of penis and vagina, is crucial to reproduction.
Economist(Dec 13, 2016)
“We are taught that ‘vagina’ is a shameful word, and a censored word.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. [解]阴道; [植]叶鞘
分布：阴道(100%)
→来自拉丁语vagina, 剑鞘，保护，来自wag,分开，两半，词源同vanilla.后用于解剖学术语指阴道。
noun countable
■the part of a woman or other female mammal's body which connects her outer sex organs to her womb 阴道
n. [解剖] 阴道；叶鞘；鞘
 - sheath, theca

Word: smog
Front: smog
[smɒg] (高研四六托 12947/17069 -1)
Vocabulary: smog
(once / 12024 pages)
n
What do you get when you combine "smoke" and "fog"? Smog! Smog is the thick haze or smoke that's caused by polluting substances in the air.
Generally, the more cars there are in a city, the more likely there is to be smog. There are other culprits for smog, though, including coal-burning factories, other chemical emissions from plants and mills, and nearby forest fires. If there's too much smog in a city, it can make it hard for people with asthma to breathe.Smog is a great example of a portmanteau, a word formed by combining two other words into one: it comes from smoke and fog.
WORD FAMILY
smog: smoggy, smogs+/smoggy: smogginess
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coal-burning factories are a significant cause of China’s long-standing smog.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
The alert was originally due to end on Sunday, but authorities extended it for three days as the smog persisted.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On Sunday, 25 cities in China issued “red alerts” for smog, which triggers orders to close factories, schools and construction sites.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 烟雾; 烟尘; 烟雾污染
分布：烟雾(100%)
→来自 smoke 和 fog 的合成词，用以指伦敦曾经浓烟笼罩的情形。
n.烟雾I don't like the smog here.我讨厌这里的烟雾.
US [smɑ:g] noun [S or U]
■air pollution, especially in cities, that is caused by a mixture of smoke, gases and chemicals （尤指城市中的）烟雾
• Smog is a major problem in Athens. 烟雾是雅典的一个主要问题。
• As we flew into the airport, we could see a murky yellow smog hovering over the city. 我们飞进机场时，可以看到灰蒙蒙的黄色烟雾笼罩在城市上空。
fog, smog, mist
这组词都有“雾”的意思，其区别是：
fog: 指较浓的雾。
smog: 指工业区的烟和雾相混而造成的又黑又浓的烟雾。
mist: 指轻雾，气象学上称作霭。
n. [环境] 烟雾
 - vapor, smoke shell

Word: recognized
Front: recognized
['rekəɡnaɪzd] (12930/15918)
Back: adj. 公认的，经过验证的
v. 认出( recognize的过去式和过去分词 ); 承认[认清]（某事物）; 赏识; 承认…有效[属实]
分布：公认的(82%)，经过验证的(12%)，动词recognize的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
adjective
■If someone or something is recognized, it is generally accepted that they have a particular position or quality 公认的；认可的
• Professor Jones is a recognized authority on ancient Egypt. 琼斯教授是公认的古埃及研究的权威人士。
• Violence in schools is a recognized problem. 校园暴力是个公认的问题。
adj. 公认的；经过验证的
 - accepted, admitted, acknowledged
v. 认识；意识到（recogniz的过去分词）
 - awaked

Word: approaching
Front: approaching
[ə'prəʊtʃɪŋ] (托 12934/12094)
Back: n. 侵入，逼近，接近
adj. 侵入的，逼近的，接近的
v. 接近，走近，靠近( approach的现在分词 ); （在性质、数量、质量、情形、时间等方面）近似; 接洽; 使移近
分布：接近的(44%)，动词approach的现在分词形式.(28%)，侵入的(28%)
VERB
靠近;接近;走近
When you approach something, you get closer to it.
例：He didn't approach the front door at once...他没有马上走向前门。
例：When I approached, they grew silent...当我走近时，他们就不说话了。
N-COUNT
路径;途径;道路
An approach to a place is a road, path, or other route that leads to it.
例：The path serves as an approach to the boat house.这条小路通往船屋。
VERB
与…接洽；找…商量
If you approach someone about something, you speak to them about it for the first time, often making an offer or request.
例：When Chappel approached me about the job, my first reaction was of disbelief...当查普尔为这份工作找我商量时，我的第一反应是不相信。
例：He approached me to create and design the restaurant...他请我建造并设计该饭店。
VERB
探讨；处理；对待
When you approach a task, problem, or situation in a particular way, you deal with it or think about it in that way.
例：The Bank has approached the issue in a practical way...银行已经实际解决了这个问题。
例：Employers are interested in how you approach problems.雇主们对你如何处理问题感兴趣。
N-COUNT
方法;态度;手段
Your approach to a task, problem, or situation is the way you deal with it or think about it.
例：We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
例：...the adversarial approach of the British legal system.英国法律制度采用的辩论式审判模式
VERB
临近；来临
As a future time or event approaches, it gradually gets nearer as time passes.
例：As autumn approached, the plants and colours in the garden changed.秋天临近，花园中的草木和颜色也发生了变化。
例：...the approaching crisis.步步逼近的危机
VERB
接近（未来时间或事件）
As you approach a future time or event, time passes so that you get gradually nearer to it.
例：We approach the end of the year with the economy slowing and little sign of cheer.接近年末时，我们面临经济迟滞、处处萧条的局面。
VERB
近似；接近于
If something approaches a particular level or state, it almost reaches that level or state.
例：Oil prices have approached their highest level for almost ten years...石油价格已接近近10年中的最高水平。
例：Mansell will race at average speeds approaching 200mph.曼塞尔将以接近每小时200英里的平均车速参赛。
v. 接近（approach的ing形式）；进场；侵入
 - accessing

Word: redundant
Front: redundant
[rɪˈdʌndənt] (研六托雅宝 12969/4968 -2)
Vocabulary: redundant
(once / 2892 pages)
adj
The word redundant applies to things that are unnecessary or could be left out. Calling a blank sheet of paper empty is redundant.
Teachers often tell students to avoid being redundant — meaning avoid saying something twice or more. Have you ever heard someone tell a story and repeat the same thing over and over? The repeated parts are redundant. Sometimes being redundant can make things clear, but it can also be annoying. Redundant can apply to anything that's overflowing or unnecessary. If a business has two stores on the same street, one is redundant. When you hear redundant, think "Too much!"
WORD FAMILY
redundant: redundance, redundancy, redundantly+/redundance: redundances/ redundancy: redundancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
He said the program was determined to be redundant and inefficient and did not provide increased security.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
It would thus become redundant and available for dispatch elsewhere.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 多余的，累赘的; （因人员过剩）被解雇的，失业的; 重沓; 衍
分布：解雇的(100%)
→来自拉丁语 redundare,流出，来自 red-,往后，-und,水，水流，词源同 undulate,abound.即流出 的，多余的，引申词义被裁员的。
多余的(red反复+und+ant→反复波动→多余的)[und=wave,表示"波动"]
a.多余的,过剩的,冗长的The redundant labour in factories is a big problem.工厂的过剩劳力是个大问题.
【记】red，und＝under，ant蚂蚁：蚂蚁下面有红色－蚂蚁搬家铺了红地毯－多余的
【反】economical（adj 节约的；经济的）
adjective
NOT EMPLOYED 不被雇用的
 IMPROVER UK
■having lost your job because your employer no longer needs you 失业的；被解雇的；被裁减的
• To keep the company alive, half the workforce is being made redundant. 为了使公司生存下去，一半的员工要被裁掉。
• figurative New technology often makes old skills and even whole communities redundant. 新技术常常会使古老的技艺甚至是某个行业完全消失。
[rɪ'dʌn.dənt] adjective
EXTRA 额外的
■(especially of a word, phrase, etc.) unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指词、短语等）多余的，不需要的，累赘的，唆的
• In the sentence, "She is a single unmarried woman", the word "unmarried" is redundant. 在句子 She is a single unmarried woman 中，unmarried 一词是多余的。
adj. [计] 多余的，过剩的；被解雇的，失业的；冗长的，累赘的
 - spare, unnecessary, surplus, waste, superfluous

Word: inertia
Front: inertia
[ɪˈnɜ:ʃə] (研六雅宝 12961/11341 -1)
Vocabulary: inertia
(once / 3425 pages)
n
Inertia is resistance to change. You hate looking at people's feet and yet you stay in your job as a shoe salesman year after year. Why? Inertia.
Inertia is a physics term. Isaac Newtown discovered that a body at rest would stay at rest and a body moving through space would continue moving through space unless an external force (like friction or gravity) caused it to slow down or stop. Sometimes we need an external force to help us get going or to change direction, too, like a friend to tell us to get off the couch or to quit that job at the shoe store.
WORD FAMILY
inertia: inertias
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s languished amid industry criticisms, interventions from Congress and the bureaucratic inertia of the federal regulatory process.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Uncritical reverence for the Constitution as written and simple inertia are constant, and powerful, forces on both sides of the aisle.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
A New York real estate heir charged with murdering a friend in Los Angeles told a prosecutor he never fled because of inertia.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. <物>惯性，惰性; 迟钝; 不活动
分布：惯性(83%)，惰性(17%)
→来自inert,惰性的。后17世纪物理学家牛顿用来指物理学上的力的惯性。
n.不活动,惰性;惯性Our inertia in this matter may prove disastrous; we must move to aid our allies immediately.
【反】the tendency to change motion（改变运动趋势）；activity（n 活跃；活性）；reactant（n 反应物）
US [-'nɝ:-] noun uncountable
LACK OF ACTIVITY 缺乏活力
■lack of activity or interest, or unwillingness to make an effort to do anything 缺乏活力，惰性
• The organization is stifled by bureaucratic inertia. 官僚主义的惰性扼杀了这个组织。
UK [ɪ'nɜ:.ʃə] US [-'nɝ:-] noun uncountable
FORCE 力 specialized
■the physical force that keeps something in the same position or moving in the same direction 惯性
n. [力] 惯性； [化学] 惰性，迟钝；不活动
 - nonreactivity, inaction

Word: unhappiness
Front: unhappiness
[ʌn'hæpɪnəs] (12975/11535 -K)
Back: n. 不快，痛苦; 不幸
分布：忧愁(57%)，苦恼(43%)
ADJ-GRADED
不幸福的；不快乐的；愁苦的
If you are unhappy, you are sad and depressed.
例：Her marriage is in trouble and she is desperately unhappy...她的婚姻陷入困境，她为此非常郁闷。
例：He was a shy, sometimes unhappy man...他是一个腼腆的人，有时候还很忧郁。
ADJ-GRADED
不高兴的；不满意的
If you are unhappy about something, you are not pleased about it or not satisfied with it.
例：He has been unhappy with his son's political leanings...他一向不满意儿子的政治倾向。
例：I suspect he isn't altogether unhappy about my absence...我猜想他对我的缺席并没有感到很不高兴。
ADJ
令人不满的；不可取的
An unhappy situation or choice is not satisfactory or desirable.
例：...this unhappy chapter in the history of relations between our two countries...我们两国关系史上不愉快的这一篇章
例：The legislation represents in itself an unhappy compromise.这项立法本身就是勉强妥协的产物。
n. 苦恼；忧愁
 - depression, agony

Word: proverb
Front: proverb
[ˈprɒvɜ:b] (六 12937/15355)
Vocabulary: proverb
(once / 607 pages)
n
If your Aunt Nellie is fond of sayings like "All's well that ends well," and "A penny saved is a penny earned," then she's a proverb expert. A proverb is a short, catchy phrase that expresses a true or useful idea.
Most proverbs have been around long enough, and endlessly repeated, that they are commonly seen as telling an important truth. People tend to use proverbs to give advice, the way you might say "practice makes perfect" to encourage your little brother to keep trying when he's learning to ride a bike. The Latin root proverbium combines the prefix pro with verbium, which together mean a word that you put forward, or a common saying.
WORD FAMILY
proverb: proverbial +/ proverbial: proverbially
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is much like the old Swedish proverb that expresses, “A shared joy is a doubled joy. A shared sorrow is half a sorrow.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
His sculpture Proverb, Syme writes, “formidable in Dallas, looks almost fragile here, like it will one day turn to dust.”
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The proverb about the enemy of my enemy being my friend is always relevant in the Middle East.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 谚语，格言; 话柄，笑柄; 人人知道的事情，有名的事情; 俚谚剧，俚谚游戏
分布：谚语(84%)，格言(14%)，众所周知的人(2%)
→pro-,向前，-verb,说，词源同verbal.引申词义谚语，格言等。
格言(pro前面+verb→放在前面的词→格言)[verb=word,表示"词语"]
US ['prɑ:.vɝ:b] noun countable
■a short sentence, etc., usually known by many people, stating something commonly experienced or giving advice 谚语，格言
• The appetite, says the proverb, grows with eating. 俗话说，吃得越多，胃口越大。
• [+ that] There is an old Arab proverb that everything you write or speak should pass through three gates: Is this kind? Is this necessary? Is this true? 有句古老的阿拉伯谚语说，你写的或说的每句话都得经过三道关：这是出于善意的吗？这是必要的吗？这是真的吗？
n. 谚语，格言；众所周知的人或事
 - saying, saw

Word: flimsy
Front: flimsy
[ˈflɪmzi] (托宝 12968/11547 -1)
Vocabulary: flimsy
(once / 2320 pages)
nadj
You can describe weak, thin, and fragile things as flimsy. Onion smells are strong, onion skins are flimsy. Blaming onions for making you cry during a sad movie, that's a flimsy excuse, when there are no onions in the theater.
A flimsy object and a flimsy objection or excuse are both without weight and are easy to knock down. You can see right through a flimsy curtain, and you can see right through a flimsy lie. If a tent or house of cards is flimsy, it will fall down with a slight breeze, and if your story isn't convincing anyone, it's probably weak and flimsy enough to flatten, too.
WORD FAMILY
flimsy: flimsier, flimsies, flimsiest, flimsily, flimsiness+/flimsiness: flimsinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Using cardboard, plaster, papier-mâché and tempera paints, Greely, 37, builds flimsy vignettes that seem to spring from a grade-schooler’s imagination.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet that was the flimsy basis for Comey’s letter to Congress reopening the Clinton probe.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Many arrive malnourished or injured, only to be herded aboard flimsy rafts and rickety boats by smugglers for the treacherous journey north.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 薄的，薄弱的; 易损坏的; 不足信的; 没有价值的
n. 薄纸; 复写纸; 打字纸; 电报
级别：flimsier, flimsiest
分布：不足信的(39%)，复写纸(25%)，轻而薄得(12%)，薄纸副本(12%)，易坏的(12%)
→可能来自film的拼写变体，薄膜，膜片，引申词义脆弱的，劣质的。-s, 复数后缀，比较ballsy, folksy. 或直接来自flimflam, 胡扯，欺骗，劣质。
【记】原指拍film用的film（n 胶卷）－轻而薄且不牢固的
adjective
THIN 薄的
■very thin, or easily broken or destroyed 很薄的；易破的；易损坏的
• You won't be warm enough in that flimsy dress. 你穿那么薄的衣服不够暖和。
• We spent the night in a flimsy wooden hut. 我们在一个不太坚固的小木屋里过了一夜。
• a flimsy cardboard box 薄纸板箱
['flɪm.zi] adjective
DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE 难以相信的
■A flimsy argument, excuse, etc. is weak and difficult to believe （论点、借口等）不足信的，站不住脚的
• When I asked him why he was late, he gave me some flimsy excuse about having car trouble. 我问他为甚么迟到时，他给了个很不足信的借口，说车出毛病了。
adj. 脆弱的；浅薄的；易损坏的；不周密的
 - tender, slight
n. 薄纸；复写纸；打字纸
 - carbon paper, alabaster paper

Word: lodging
Front: lodging
[ˈlɒdʒɪŋ] (六托雅 12958/19409 -1)
Vocabulary: lodging
(once / 303 pages)
n
Lodging is a name for the place you stay when you're not at home. Your lodging could be a luxury hotel, a yurt in the woods, or a college dormitory.
Your accommodations while traveling, going away to school, being an exchange student, or doing temporary work are all called lodging or lodgings. A room in a hotel is one kind of lodging, and a sleeping bag on the floor of a tent is another kind. Lodging comes from lodge and its earlier form, loggen, "to set up camp," from the Old French root loge, "hut or cabin."
WORD FAMILY
lodging: lodgings+/ dislodge: dislodged, dislodgement, dislodges, dislodging, dislodgment/dislodgment: dislodgments/ lodge: dislodge, lodged, lodgement, lodger, lodges, lodging, lodgment/lodgement: lodgements/ lodger: lodgers/lodgment: lodgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Airlines are not obliged to compensate travelers with lodging or meals for delays because of extreme weather.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That is still a relatively inexpensive night’s lodging in the New York City area.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The training is free; the travel and lodging, however, are not.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 出租的房间; 暂住; 寄宿; 借宿
v. 存放（ lodge的现在分词）; 暂住; 借宿; 卡住
分布：寄宿处(67%)，借宿(33%)
→来自lodge,安顿，寄宿。
US ['lɑ:.dʒɪŋ] noun uncountable
■a temporary place to stay 寄宿的地方；借宿的地方
• The price includes board and lodging (= meals and a room to sleep in). 该价格包括食宿费。
lodgings [plural] (UK informal also digs)
■a room in someone's house that you pay money to live in 租住的房间
quarters, accommodation, flat, apartment, suite, lodging
这组词都有“住处”的意思，其区别是：
quarters: 指某一部分人集中的居住区。
accommodation: 泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。
flat: 多用于英国、澳大利亚和新西兰。指同一层建筑物上组成一个居住单元的几个房间。
apartment: 通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比较常用。
suite: 可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室、卧室和浴室的陈设较豪华的套间。
lodging: 常用lodgins,指临时租借的房间或宿舍。
home, dwelling, shelter, household, family, house, lodging
home: 家，带有感情色彩
dwelling: 住所，公寓
shelter: 庇护处（收容所，庇护所）
household: 抽象的家庭，并含有家事，家务之意
family: 家庭，指组成家庭的成员
house: 房屋，住宅
lodging: 寄宿处
lodging, accommodation, apartment, flae, quarters, suite
这些名词均有“住处”之意。
lodging: 常用lodgins, 指临时租借的房间或宿舍。
accommodation: 泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。
apartment: 通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比较常用。
flat: 多用于英国、澳大利亚和新西兰。指同一层建筑物上组成一个居住单元的几个房间。
quarters: 指某一部分人集中的居住区。
suite: 可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室、卧室和浴室的陈设较豪华的套间。
n. 寄宿；寄宿处；出租的房间、住房
 - boarding house

Word: underworld
Front: underworld
[ˈʌndəwɜ:ld] (12970/14419 -1)
Back: n. 阴间，地狱; 下流社会; （地球另一面的）对跖点; <古>地球
分布：黑社会(60%)，阴间(25%)，下层社会(15%)
US [-dɚ.wɝ:ld] noun only singular
CRIME 犯罪
■the part of society consisting of criminal organizations and activities 黑社会
UK ['ʌn.də.wɜ:ld] US [-dɚ.wɝ:ld] noun only singular
IN STORIES 在故事中
the underworld
■in Greek mythology , a place under the Earth where the souls of the dead go; Hades （希腊神话中的）阴间，冥府
n. 黑社会；地狱；下层社会；尘世
 - earth, hell

Word: nightgown
Front: nightgown
[ˈnaɪtgaʊn] (12914/25647)
Vocabulary: nightgown
(once / 5483 pages)
n
A nightgown is basically a comfy dress you wear for sleeping. Some people prefer pajamas, while others like nightgowns better.
Nightgowns are typically worn by women and girls, although they are closely related to nightshirts, which have long been considered appropriate night wear for people of any gender. Nightgowns often have pretty details like embroidery or lace, and they're made of cotton, silk, or nylon. The word nightgown dates from about 1400.
WORD FAMILY
nightgown: nightgowns
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was reportedly wearing only a white nightgown and green sweater.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I tied my wrapper around my chest, over my pink-and-white flowered nightgown, and padded out of the room.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Christine is the type of woman who grieves in spotless makeup, accompanied by an endless series of red flowing nightgowns.
Salon(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 女睡袍; 男用长睡衣
分布：睡衣(70%)，睡袍(25%)，=nightdress.(5%)
noun countable US for nightdress
n. 睡衣（等于dressing gown或nightdress）
 - bedgown, night attire

Word: Haitian
Front: Haitian
['heɪʃ(ə)n] (9225/29140)
Back: n. 海地人；海地语
adj. 海地的；海地人的
分布：海地的(48%)，海地人(42%)，海地语(10%)
noun countable adjective
■Haitian 海地人／海地的

Word: cello
Front: cello
[ˈtʃeləʊ] (托宝 12971/16286 -1)
Vocabulary: cello
(once / 3659 pages)
n
A cello is a large, stringed musical instrument. A cellist has to sit in a chair to play a cello.
One end of a cello rests on the floor as it's played, with the neck upright. The cellist forms notes with her fingers on the strings and pulls a bow across the body of the cello. Cellos are an important part of an orchestra, though they're often featured in contemporary popular music as well. The word is short for the Italian violincello, which ultimately comes from the Medieval Latin vitula, "stringed instrument."
WORD FAMILY
cello: cellist, cellos+/cellist: cellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features pizzicato cello and a subtle growl of organ, along with lyrics that revel in comeuppance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Schiff performed and recorded nearly all the standard works of the cello repertory.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
I was like, ‘Alright, well then why don’t you sit in with our cello section on ‘Mission Impossible’?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 大提琴
分布：名词(100%)
→来自意大利词violoncello的缩写。viola, 中提琴，-on, 大词后缀，-cello, 小词后缀。
【记】violin（n 小提琴）；viola（n 中提琴）
【区】cellar（n 地下室）；cello以o结尾表示音乐（a和o结尾的单词一般都是源于意大利，所以有音乐的意思）
US [-oʊ] (plural cellos) (formal violoncello)
noun countable
■a wooden musical instrument with four strings, that is held vertically between the legs and is played by moving a bow across the strings 大提琴
n. 大提琴
 - violoncello

Word: reuse
Front: reuse
[ˌri:ˈju:z] (高 12946/22536)
Vocabulary: reuse
(once / 11036 pages)
v
To reuse something is to make use of it more than once, or for a subsequent time. Asking for a plastic bag at the grocery store might seem wasteful, but you can reuse that bag many times.
Instead of throwing something away after using it once, ask yourself if there's any way you can reuse it. You can reuse a paper towel roll by putting it in your hamster's cage so he can crawl through and chew on it. You can reuse containers like glass jars and plastic tubs by storing leftovers in them. You can even reuse kitchen scraps by composting them and using the compost in your garden.
WORD FAMILY
reuse: reusable, reused, reuses, reusing+/ disuse: disused, disuses/misuse: misused, misuses, misusing/ overuse: overused, overuses, overusing/ usable: unusable, usability, usableness/ usage: ill-usage, usages/usance: usances/ use: disuse, ill-use, misuse, overuse, reuse, usable, usage, usance, useable, used, useed, useful, useless, user, uses, using/useable: unuseable, useableness/ used: ill-used, unused, useder/ useful: usefuler, usefulest, usefully, usefulness/usefully: usefullys/usefulness: unusefulness, usefulnesss/ useless: uselesser, uselessest, uselessly, uselessness/ user: users/using: usings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Woodward said she wants The Scrap Exchange to be a steward of the surrounding neighborhood, with development centered around reuse and sustainability.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They “will travel well and allow for reuse time and again,” an Amazon spokeswoman says.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
“Never demolish, never remove or replace – always add, transform, and reuse!”
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 再用，重新使用
时态：reused, reusing, reuses
分布：重新使用(52%)，再使用(48%)
→re-,再，重新，use,使用。
verb transitive
■to use something again 再次使用；再利用
• To conserve resources, please reuse this carrier bag. 为了节省资源，请重覆利用本手提袋。
n. 重新使用，再用
 - reemployment

Word: rendezvous
Front: rendezvous
[ˈrɒndɪvu:] (雅宝 12972/12246 -1)
Vocabulary: rendezvous
(once / 1120 pages)
nv
Rendezvous is a very French way to say "meeting" or "date." So go ahead and call your next dentist appointment or lunch date with friends a rendezvous.
In the 1590s, rendezvous meant “a place for assembling of troops.” And you'll still hear military tacticians talking about "rendezvous points" today. But more often we use rendezvous to describe an assembling of friends, an appointment, or a date with your secret lover. If you're feeling extra Frenchy, you can use rendezvous as a verb, as in "Let's rendezvous next Saturday at the mall."
WORD FAMILY
rendezvous: rendezvoused, rendezvouses, rendezvousing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 14-day flight included the first rendezvous of two manned maneuverable spacecraft.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
People separated geographically, for instance, will rendezvous at a prominent landmark.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Ponderously the 125-ton monster rose slowly from the Earth to start Glenn towards his intended rendezvous with stars.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 约会; 约会的地点; 集结地
vi. 约会; 会合
vt. 在指定地点与…相会
时态：rendezvoused, rendezvousing, rendezvouses
分布：约会(48%)，集合(21%)，约会地点(16%)，汇合(12%)，汇合点(3%)
→来自中古法语 rendez vous,呈现你自己，表现你自己，来自 rendez,呈现，给予，来自 rendre 的复数祈使格，词源同 render,vous,你，来自 you 的斜格。
【记】rendez＝render提供，表演，vous＝you－表演你自己－约会
US ['rɑ:n-] (plural rendezvous)
noun countable
■an arrangement to meet someone, especially secretly, at a particular place and time, or the place itself （尤指秘密的）约会，会面
• We have a rendezvous for next week, don't we? 我们下周有个约会，是不是？
• The lovers met at a secret rendezvous in the park. 恋人们在公园中偷偷约会。
■a place where a particular group of people often go or meet, by arrangement or habit 约会地点；会面地点；经常出没的场所
• This restaurant is a popular rendezvous for local artists. 这家饭店是当地艺术家喜欢的聚会地点。
n. 约会；约会地点；集结地
 - date, engagement
vi. [军] [航] 会合；约会
 - link up, make an appointment

Word: piece
Front: piece
[pi:s] (中高 565/677 -K4)
Vocabulary: piece
(once / 36 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n 6n
A piece is a section or a chunk of some larger thing, like a piece of cake or a piece of a broken lamp.
You can describe a serving of something, like pie, as a piece, and you can also call an individual item within a larger group a piece, like a piece of furniture or a piece of silverware. In this case, you're not breaking off a piece, but you're describing one thing out of a collection.
WORD FAMILY
piece: pieced, pieces, piecing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There’s some missing piece of the puzzle that we need to find right now,” Lindsay Weekes said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Trade Representative, a transition official said Monday night, filling in one of the final pieces in the new administration’s senior team.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Its new piece, “The Fever,” pushes that conversation further.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 块，片，段; 部分，部件; 文章，音乐作品
vt. 修补; 连接，接上
时态：pieced, piecing, pieces
分布：块(52%)，件(18%)，片(15%)，篇(6%)，作品(5%)，碎片(2%)，修补(2%)
→来自古法语piece,小块，来自俗拉丁语*pettia,可能来自古凯尔特语*pett,小的，词源同petit,patch.
n.(一)件/片/篇;碎片v.(together)拼合,拼凑My niece sacredly sacrificed a piece of pie to the God.侄女郑重地给神供上一块馅饼.
noun countable
PART 部分
 ESSENTIAL
■a part of something 块；片；段；碎片；碎块
• a piece of cloth torn from her coat 从她大衣上撕下的一块布
• He cut the cake into six pieces. 他把蛋糕切成六块。
• This jigsaw puzzle has two pieces missing. 这个拼图玩具少了两块。
• The vase lay on the floor in pieces (= broken into small parts). 花瓶碎片散落一地。
• She tried to break/tear a small piece off the edge. 她试图从边缘撕下一小块。
• The building was taken apart and reassembled piece by piece (= one part after another) in America. 房子被拆解，在美国又一块块地重新拼搭起来。
in one piece
■as a single thing and not divided into smaller pieces 整个地，完整地
• We want to sell the business in one piece. 我们想把公司整个卖掉。
come/fall to pieces
■to break apart into smaller parts 成为碎片
• The glass must have been cracked - it just fell to pieces in my hand. 玻璃杯肯定有裂缝——杯子一到我手上就碎了。
• His clothes were dirty and falling to pieces. 他的衣服又脏又破。
[pi:s] noun countable
THING 事物
 ESSENTIAL
■a single object of a particular type （某类事物中的）一件，一个，一条
• a piece of furniture/clothing/equipment 一件家俱／一件衣服／一个设备
• a piece (= whole sheet) of paper 一张纸
• a piece of (= an object made of) china 一件瓷器
• a piece of information/advice 一个消息／建议
 IMPROVER
■something which has been created by an artist, musician or writer （艺术家、音乐家或作家的）作品；篇，段，首，幅
• an orchestral/piano/instrumental piece 管弦乐／钢琴曲／器乐作品
• a skilful piece of work/research 一件精巧的作品／一项富有技巧的研究
• Did you read that piece (= article) in the newspaper? 你看过报纸上的那篇文章了吗？
■a single thing which forms part of a set （一套或一组中的）一个，一件
• a chess piece 一枚棋子
■a coin with a stated value （某种币值的）硬币
• Could you swap me a 20p piece for two tens? 你能帮我把一枚20便士的硬币换成两枚10便士的吗？
[pi:s] noun countable
GUN 枪 old-fashioned
■a gun 枪；炮；手枪
• an artillery piece 一门炮
• US slang He was carrying a piece when he was arrested. 他被捕时身上有一把枪。
[pi:s] noun countable
come to pieces UK
■If something comes to pieces, it has been designed so that it can be divided into smaller parts. 可拆开，可拆卸
[pi:s] noun countable
give sb a piece of your mind informal
■to speak angrily to someone about something they have done wrong 严厉责备，斥责（某人）
• I'm going to give that mechanic a piece of my mind if the car's not fixed this time. 如果那辆车这次再修不好的话，我就教训那个维修技工一顿。
[pi:s] noun countable
go/fall to pieces
■If someone goes/falls to pieces, they become unable to think clearly and control their emotions because of something unpleasant or difficult that they have experienced （在精神方面）崩溃，垮掉；十分激动，极度紧张
• She just goes (all)to pieces in exams. 她考试时脑袋里一团糟。
■If an organization or system goes/falls to pieces, it fails （机构或系统）四分五裂，瓦解
• Their marriage began to fall to pieces after only a few months. 才过了几个月，他们的婚姻就开始走下坡了。
[pi:s] noun countable
(all) in one piece
■not damaged 完好无损地，安然无恙地
• The radio had been stolen, but otherwise we got the car back (all) in one piece. 除了收音机被偷之外，我们的车找回来时完好无损。
[pi:s] noun countable
pick/pull sb/sth to pieces informal
■to criticize someone or something severely 严厉批评；把…批判得体无完肤
• The moment she left, the rest of the family started to pull her to pieces. 她一离开，家里人就开始七嘴八舌地数落她。
[pi:s] noun countable
piece of ass US offensive
■used to refer to a woman as a sexually attractive object 尤物，美人
[pi:s] noun countable
piece of cake informal
■something which is very easy to do 非常容易的事情
• The exam was a piece of cake. 考试很简单。
[pi:s] noun countable
take sth to pieces UK
■to separate something into smaller parts 把…拆开
• If you take the bookcase to pieces, it will fit in the back of your car. 你把书柜拆开就能放进汽车后部了。
[pi:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] piece sth together
■to create something by joining the separate parts of it together or by joining different things together 拼合；凑集
• The ancient skull has been pieced together from fragments. 这个古人类头骨是由头骨碎片拼合而成的。
• Kevin has done a great job to piece together a tremendous team. 凯文拼凑出一支出色的队伍，真是了不起。
• The police are collecting clues in order to piece together the details of the day she died. 警方正在搜集线索，以查清她死去那天的详细情形。
bit, scrap, slice, fragment, sheet, piece
这组词都有“片、块、段”的意思，其区别是：
bit: 侧重指微小，一点点，小碎片。
scrap: 侧重指废弃的零碎之物。
slice: 多指切得很薄的一片食物。
fragment: 指破裂的，不完整的，不可完整的碎片。
sheet: 侧重指平整很薄的一张或一片。
piece: 最普通用词，多指从整体上分割下来的东西，可大可小。
share, fraction, division, segment, part, fragment, section, piece, portion
这组词都有“整体的一部分”的意思，其区别是：
share: 指共有的东西中应占有的一部分。
fraction: 指包含在全体中的一部分，暗示微不足道的一部分。
division: 通常指按类划分或分割成而的部分。常含抽象意义。
segment: 指某物的特定部分或自然形成的部分，也指线形物品的一段。
part: 含义广，最普通用词。常指整体中可大可小的一部分，也可指整体中可分开的独立部分。
fragment: 指因破裂、分割等产生的支离破碎、不规则的一部分。
section: 指整体中的分区，部分与部分之间有显著界限。
piece: 指整体中的一些个体，尤指从某个整体上分出来的一部分。
portion: 侧重从整体中所分配到的那一部分，含一定的独立意义。
n. [计] 块；件；篇；硬币
 - block, mass
vt. 修补；接合；凑合
 - cement, joint

Word: handbook
Front: handbook
[ˈhændbʊk] (研六雅 13017/7778 -1)
Vocabulary: handbook
(once / 713 pages)
n
A handbook is a guide or list of instructions on one particular subject. A new car comes with a handbook explaining how its controls work and giving tips for problems that arise. Sometimes new parents wish their newborn infant came with a handbook.
A handbook is a type of reference book, offering information about a topic or a machine. Your bird handbook might include pictures of birds in your region, and the handbook that came with your blender will tell you how to use it and also might include several smoothie recipes. In Old English, it was handboc, though in Middle English this was replaced by manual, thought at the time to be a much prettier word.
WORD FAMILY
handbook: handbooks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no road map to follow, no handbook to read.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each school received a starter kit and handbook to design and build one VEX brand robot.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the 1960s, a handbook was constructed of promoted, Godly conduct, and of restricted behaviors that might lead to sin.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 手册; 指南
分布：手册(86%)，指南(14%)
→比喻用法。
n.手册,指南The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
noun countable
■a book which contains instructions or advice about how to do something or the most important and useful information about a subject 手册，指南
• The student handbook gives details of all courses. 学生手册中有所有课程的详细介绍。
n. [图情] 手册；指南
 - manual, guide, notebook

Word: mill
Front: mill
[mɪl] (研四六托宝 4439/2128 -3)
Vocabulary: mill
(once / 478 pages)
1nv 2v
A mill is a factory or plant, especially one that's equipped for grinding grain into flour. The facility is a mill, and the machine that does the actual grinding is also called a mill.
When a mill crushes and grinds grain like wheat or corn, you can say it mills flour. Other kinds of mills might mill powder or coffee — and still other mills don't actually grind anything; instead, they manufacture things like steel or paper. If someone "mills around," they wander or move about in a confused way: "The crowd mills around during the concert's intermission." This sense of mill was originally used to describe cattle.
WORD FAMILY
mill: milled, miller, milling+/miller: millers/milling: millings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And sediment from Mad River was milled into the bar countertop.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The new owners plan to sell off certain mill assets and re-market the property for industrial use.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The most visible enterprise is the paper mill, in continuous operation since the late 19th century.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 磨坊; 磨粉机; 榨汁机; 工厂
vt. 研磨，粉碎; 搅拌; 磨，铣; 轧花边（在纸币上）
vi. 惊跑，乱闯; 经研磨
时态：milled, milling, mills
分布：磨(56%)，工厂(22%)，磨坊(16%)，磨粉机(5%)，碾碎(1%)
→来自希腊语molere,磨，来自mel,软，锤打，磨，词源同mallet,melt.引申词义磨坊，磨石，因磨坊在农业社会是比较有代表性的工业产品，后借用该词来指现代意义上的工厂。
n.磨粉机,磨坊;作坊,工厂The drawer put the strawberries and raw paws into a drawer in the saw-mill.绘图者把草莓和生熊掌放进锯板厂的抽屉里.
【记】m妈妈，ill：妈妈生病了，是因为在磨房里面工作得过渡劳累了。
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a building where grain is crushed into flour 磨坊，碾磨厂，磨粉厂
 ADVANCED
■a small machine for crushing things into powder 碾磨机，磨粉机
• a pepper/coffee mill 胡椒／咖啡研磨机
 ADVANCED
■a factory where a particular substance is produced 制造厂，工厂
• a cotton/paper/steel mill 棉纺／造纸／炼钢厂
[mɪl] noun countable
put sb through the mill informal
■to cause someone to have a difficult and unpleasant experience, especially by asking them a lot of difficult questions 使（某人）饱受折磨；（尤指用大量问题）为难（某人）
• I had the interview this morning - they really put me through the mill. 我今早去面试了——他们真的让我受了几番折磨。
[mɪl] verb transitive
■to crush grain into flour or another substance into powder 磨；碾碎
• The grain is still milled locally. 谷物仍然在当地碾磨。
■specialized
■to shape metal by removing parts from it using a special machine 铣（金属）
[mɪl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  mill around (UK also mill about)
■If a group of people mill around, they move about with no particular purpose or in no fixed direction, sometimes while waiting for someone （一群人）漫无目的地乱转，闲荡
• In the village square, people were milling about in the sunshine. 在村庄广场上，人们在阳光下徜徉。
plant, mill, factory, works
这组词都有“工厂”的意思，其区别是：
plant: 多指电力或机械制造方面的工厂。
mill: 原义指粮食加工厂。现多指轻工业类的工厂。
factory: 最普通用词，可泛指任何制造产品的地方。
works: 多指钢铁等重工业方面的工厂，也指一些特定的厂。
n. [工经] 工厂；磨坊； [化工] [粮食] [机] 磨粉机；制造厂；压榨机
 - factory, plant, work
vt. 搅拌； [机] 碾磨；磨细；使乱转
 - mix round, churn up

Word: full-length
Front: full-length
[fʊl leŋθ] (-1)
Back: adj. 全长的; 全身的; 标淮长度的; 未经删节的
分布：全长的(50%)，全身的(40%)，标淮长度的(10%)
adjective
REACHING FLOOR 及地的
■describes a mirror, curtain or piece of clothing that reaches the floor （镜子、窗帘或衣服）落地的，及地的
• Victoria wore a full-length evening gown to the ball. 维多利亚穿了一件及地长裙去参加舞会。
[ˌfʊl'leŋkθ] adjective
USUAL LENGTH 通常长度的
■of the usual length and not made shorter 标准长度的；足本的
• a full-length feature film 未经删节的剧情片
adj. 全身的；全长的，未删节的；大型的
 - systemic, large scale

Word: understate
Front: understate
[ˌʌndəˈsteɪt] (宝 12982/15122 -1)
Vocabulary: understate
(once / 3849 pages)
v
One way to think about the verb understate is as the opposite of "exaggerate." If you want to make something seem smaller or less important than it really is, you're likely to understate it.
If you don't want your grandmother to worry about you, you might be tempted to understate, or downplay, the trouble you've had finding a new job. Business owners might understate their financial problems when they're applying for a bank loan, and a new student might understate her experience speaking French so as not to embarrass her inept French teacher.
WORD FAMILY
understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating+/ interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/ overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/ restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/understated: understatedly/ understatement: understatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is difficult to understate how important earning a bye was for the Chiefs.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A charming, understated work directed by Claude Barras and set in an orphanage, it’s slated for U.S. release in late February.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Casually elegant — and unselfconsciously gorgeous — her understated paintings strike just the right balance between restraint and abandon.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 少说，少报; 有意识地轻描淡写
vi. 保守地说; 有意轻描淡写
时态：understated, understating, understates
分布：少说(80%)，轻描淡写地说(20%)
【记】under下，state（v 陈述），d：轻描淡写
【参】understock（n 存货不足）；underutilize（v 未充分使用）
【反】bombastic（adj 夸大的；言过其实的）－understated
US [-dɚ-] verb transitive
■to state or describe something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is 对…轻描淡写；不如实陈述；避重就轻地说
• She believes the research understates the amount of discrimination women suffer. 她认为该研究对妇女所遭受的歧视轻描淡写。

Word: cobalt
Front: cobalt
[ˈkəʊbɔ:lt] (13019/13250 -1)
Back: n. [化]钴（符号为Co）; 钴类颜料; 深蓝色
分布：钴(97%)，钴类颜料(2%)，深蓝色(1%)
→来自德语Kobald，捣蛋的妖精，来自kobe,小屋，-hold，友好的，该词义已不再使用，词源同inclined。原为矿工行话，当银矿含杂质过多时，矿工会咕哝一下这个词，表示倒霉，后来科学证明这种杂质主要元素为钴。
US ['koʊ.bɑ:lt] noun uncountable
■a hard silvery white metal used in metal mixtures and for making materials blue 钴
UK ['kəʊ.bɒlt] US ['koʊ.bɑ:lt] adjective noun uncountable (also cobalt blue)
■(having) a deep blue or greenish-blue colour 钴蓝（的），深蓝色（的）；蓝绿色（的）

Word: agitated
Front: agitated
[ˈædʒɪteɪtɪd] (宝 12974/14327)
Vocabulary: agitated
(once / 500 pages)
adj
Someone who is agitated is visibly upset. If you have ever walked into a room and instantly been asked, "What's wrong?" you probably looked agitated.
The verb agitate means "to shake up." So someone who is agitated has been shaken up by something — disturbing news, a careless driver who nearly caused a huge accident, or just a very long, very bad day. Agitated can also describe being activated, or fired up about something. For example, a political cause might be losing steam until an event like a rally gets everyone agitated all over again.
WORD FAMILY
agitated: agitatedly, unagitated+/ agitate: agitated, agitates, agitating, agitation, agitative, agitator/agitating: agitatingly/ agitation: agitations/agitator: agitators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yeah, when he becomes agitated lights flash and bad guys are hurtled into the air.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The right defended the status quo; the left agitated to overthrow or at least ameliorate it.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
I’ve been agitated and moved by all your recent posts, thinking about representation and eclipse, intersection and vulnerability.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不安的; 激动的; 颤抖的; （问题等）争论不休的
v. 搅动( agitate的过去式和过去分词 ); 激怒; 使焦虑不安; （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论
分布：焦虑的(55%)，激动不安的(27%)，动词agitate的过去式和过去分词.(18%)
【记】ag做，it动物的它，ate吃的过去式－把小动物作来吃，那么它的心情一定是－非常焦虑不安
ADJ-GRADED
焦虑的;烦恼的;不安的
If someone is agitated, they are very worried or upset, and show this in their behaviour, movements, or voice.
例：Susan seemed agitated about something...苏珊似乎因为什么事而烦躁不安。
例：The man in the house was in a very excited and agitated state.房子里的那名男子情绪非常激动且焦灼不安。
adj. 激动的；焦虑的；表现不安的
 - excited, anxious, hot, heated, inflammatory

Word: computation
Front: computation
[ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃn] (托 12953/12745)
Vocabulary: computation
(once / 2908 pages)
n
Computation is what you do when you calculate something, like a simple math problem or something involving quantum mechanics or — worse — even your taxes.
People have invented all kinds of machines to help with computation, from the abacus to the computer, and, in fact, when computers were first invented (and when one computer could easily fill a large room), using a computer was called computation. Much of what made computers so revolutionary was that in a relatively short time they could do a complex mathematical computation that would take a human many lifetimes to do.
WORD FAMILY
computation: computational, computations+/ computable: incomputable/ computational: computationally/ compute: computable, computation, computed, computer, computes, computing / computer: computerise, computerize, computers, microcomputer, supercomputer/computerise: computerised/computerize: computerization, computerized, computerizes, computerizing/microcomputer: microcomputers/supercomputer: supercomputers
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was “some uncertainty,” he wrote, in the latest computations.
The New Yorker(Aug 11, 2016)
New endowments also will advance genetic programming and evolutionary computation through endowed prizes, fellowships and programs.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
These unlikely partners share a common conviction: that quantum computing—which aims to harness quantum mechanics to vastly accelerate computation—is ready for prime time.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 计算，估计
分布：计算(97%)，估计(2%)，计算机的使用(1%)
N-VAR
计算
Computation is mathematical calculation.
例：The discrepancies resulted from different methods of computation...这些差异是由不同的计算方法造成的。
例：He took a few notes and made computations.他记了一点笔记，然后做了运算。
n. 估计， [数] 计算
 - estimation, calculation, appraisal, valuation, count

Word: caribou
Front: caribou
[ˈkærɪbu:] (13012/29608)
Vocabulary: caribou
(once / 2968 pages)
n
A caribou is a large animal with four legs, hooves, and big antlers. In Europe and Asia, a caribou is known as a reindeer.
In North America, caribou live in parts of Canada and Alaska, in both tundra and boreal forests. Many caribou migrate long distances, and all of them are herbivores, living to a great degree on a specific type of lichen. The word caribou is originally French Canadian, from the Micmac word kaleboo, "the one who paws," for the way caribou scratch the snow aside to find moss in the winter.
WORD FAMILY
caribou: caribous
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the top of Partridgeberry Hill, I spied a small herd of caribou, unaware of me watching.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The new potato is called the Caribou Russet.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Caribou won the championship by besting the other finalist, Point Sebago, in a taste off.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （北美洲产的）驯鹿
分布：北美驯鹿(100%)
US ['ker-] (plural caribous or caribou)
noun countable
■a North American reindeer (= a large deer with long horns like branches) （北美）驯鹿

Word: herein
Front: herein
[ˌhɪərˈɪn] (12963/21288)
Back: adv. 此中，于此; 焉
分布：此中(67%)，在此处(33%)
US [ˌhɪr-] adverb formal or legal
■in this 于此，在这方面
• The people have no faith in their government, and herein lies the root of the problem. 民众对政府没有信心，这就是问题的根源所在。

Word: holster
Front: holster
[ˈhəʊlstə(r)] (宝 12973/24738)
Vocabulary: holster
(once / 3392 pages)
n
The noun holster looks like holder and that's exactly what it is. Some holsters hold a single item, like a gun, and others are more like tool belts, holding many small items.
The o in holster is long, so pronounce it like this: "HOLE-ster." Originally, the word described something very specific — a leather case for a pistol. It probably comes from the Old English word heolster (earlier helustr), which means "concealment, hiding place." Today, holsters may hide what they hold, but they always keep things handy.
WORD FAMILY
holster: holsters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The trooper tackled him to the ground, but officials say the trooper’s sidearm was dislodged from its holster.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Kevin clipped two nylon gun holsters to the inside of the back of his jeans.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
As an officer informed Lowe he was being arrested, Lowe allegedly grabbed the officer’s firearm and tried to pull it from the holster.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （系在腰带等上的）手枪皮套
分布：手枪皮套(100%)
→可能来自kel,隐藏，遮盖，词源同hole,cell,-ster,名词后缀。由隐藏引申词义保护，后用于指手枪皮套。
【记】源于hol＝hold（v 拿住n 船舱）－拿住手枪的东西－皮套
US ['hoʊl.stɚ] noun countable
■a small case usually made of leather and fixed on a belt or a strap, used for carrying a gun 手枪皮套

Word: nagging
Front: nagging
[ˈnægɪŋ] (12996/14548)
Vocabulary: nagging
(once / 4858 pages)
adj
Something that's nagging really bothers you — whether it's your nagging older sister, reminding you to take out the trash, or a nagging headache that lingers all day.
A nagging boss might continually complain about your work — you could also describe her as "overcritical" or "faultfinding." When a physical pain or discomfort is nagging, it's just as disagreeable, tormenting or irritating you in an ongoing way, like a nagging pain in your lower back. The source of nagging is nag, which originally meant "gnaw or bite."
WORD FAMILY
nagging: naggingly+/ nag: nagged, nagger, nagging, nags/nagger: naggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The way to stop “nagging” is to simply stop.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Cobb missed the Vikings game with a nagging ankle injury.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
That approach allows legislators to maximize what Honda calls “nagging” and minimize the witness’s ability to rebut their arguments.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 唠叨的，挑剔的; 使人不得安宁的
v. 不断地挑剔或批评（某人）( nag的现在分词 ); 不断地烦扰或伤害（某人）; 无休止地抱怨; 不断指责
分布：唠叨(86%)，唠叨的(10%)，抱怨的(2%)，纠缠不休的(1%)，动词nag的现在分词.(1%)
adjective
■complaining or criticizing 抱怨的；指责的
• a nagging voice 抱怨声
■describes an unpleasant feeling that continues for a long period of time 令人心烦不已的；纠缠不休的
• nagging doubts/pain 难以消除的疑虑／令人不得安宁的疼痛
['næg.ɪŋ] noun uncountable
■complaining and criticizing 抱怨；指责
• I got sick of her constant nagging. 我对她没完没了的抱怨感到厌烦。
adj. 唠叨的；挑剔的；使人不得安宁的
 - particular, garrulous
n. 唠叨；挑剔
 - critical of, faultfinder
v. 唠叨（nag的ing形式）
 - chattering

Word: brothel
Front: brothel
[ˈbrɒθl] (12966/12138 -1)
Back: n. 妓院
分布：妓院(100%)
→来自break的比喻义，原指堕落的人，后指妓女，最后指妓女呆的地方。
US ['brɑ:.θəl] noun countable
■a place where men go and pay to have sex with prostitutes 妓院
n. 妓院
 - bordello, bawdyhouse, lupanar, hookshop

Word: digging
Front: digging
[ˈdiɡiŋ] (12994/14385)
Back: n. 挖掘
v. 挖，掘（ dig的现在分词 ）; （如用铲、锨或推土机等）挖掘; 挖得; 寻找
分布：挖(99%)，动词dig的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
挖;掘
If people or animals dig, they make a hole in the ground or in a pile of earth, stones, or rubbish.
例：They tried digging in a patch just below the cave...他们试着在洞穴正下方的一块地上挖掘。
例：Dig a largish hole and bang the stake in first...挖一个大点儿的洞，先把木桩敲进去。
VERB
伸手（至…深处）掏
If you dig into something such as a deep container, you put your hand in it to search for something.
例：He dug into his coat pocket for his keys.他把手伸进上衣口袋里摸钥匙。
V-ERG
（把…）戳（进）；（将…）刺（入）
If you dig one thing into another or if one thing digs into another, the first thing is pushed hard into the second, or presses hard into it.
例：She digs the serving spoon into the moussaka...她把分菜匙伸进那盘碎肉茄子蛋中。
例：I grab George's arm and dig my nails into his flesh...我抓住乔治的胳膊，指甲抠进了他的肉里。
VERB
研究;探究;细查
If you dig into a subject or a store of information, you study it very carefully in order to discover or check facts.
例：The enquiry dug deeper into the alleged financial misdeeds of his government...这一调查对其政府涉嫌的财政违规行为展开了进一步深究。
例：He has been digging into the local archives...他一直在仔细查阅当地的档案资料。
VERB
(尤指从自己造成的困境或令人不快的情形中)脱（身）
If you dig yourself out of a difficult or unpleasant situation, especially one which you caused yourself, you manage to get out of it.
例：Occupants of the White House have exploited their office at key moments in an election campaign to dig themselves out of trouble...在竞选活动的关键时刻，白宫的主人利用职权帮助自己摆脱了麻烦。
例：He's taken these measures to try and dig himself out of a hole.他已采取了这些措施，试图让自己摆脱困境。
VERB
喜欢;欣赏;理解
If you say that you dig something, you mean that you like it and understand it.
例：'They play classic rock'n'roll,' states her boyfriend, 'My dad digs them too.'...“他们演奏经典摇滚乐，”她的男朋友说道，“我爸爸也喜欢他们。”
例：I can dig it. I don't expect a band always to be innovative.我可以理解。我不指望一个乐队总能创新。
N-COUNT
考古发掘
A dig is an organized activity in which people dig into the ground in order to discover ancient historical objects.
例：He's an archaeologist and has been on a dig in Crete for the past year.他是位考古学家，过去的一年都在参与克里特岛上的一项考古发掘工作。
N-COUNT
挖苦;嘲讽
If you have a dig at someone, you say something which is intended to make fun of them or upset them.
例：Americans are always quick to have a dig at the British...美国人总是动不动就嘲讽英国人。
例：She couldn't resist a dig at Dave after his unfortunate performance.戴夫糟糕的表演结束后，她忍不住想挖苦他一番。
N-COUNT
（用手指或臂肘的）戳，碰，触
If you give someone a dig in a part of their body, you push them with your finger or your elbow, usually as a warning or as a joke.
例：Cassandra silenced him with a sharp dig in the small of the back.卡桑德拉使劲戳了一下他的后腰，让他住嘴。
N-PLURAL
租住的房间
If you live in digs, you live in a room in someone else's house and pay them rent.
例：He went to London and lived in digs in Gloucester Road...他去了伦敦，在格洛斯特路的一所房子里租了房间住。
PHRASE
彻底调查;全面调查
If you dig deep, you do a very thorough investigation into something.
例：I want you to dig deep. Find out who she is, and where she came from.我想让你彻底调查一下，弄清她是谁，从哪里来的。
PHRASE
设法拿出钱
If someone digs into their pocket or digs into their purse, they manage after some difficulty to find the money to pay for something.
例：Holidaymakers are digging deep into their pockets to book late summer breaks.度假者想方设法拿出钱来预订夏末的短暂假期。
n. [矿业] 挖掘，采掘
 - getting, excavation
v. [矿业] 挖掘，发掘（dig的现在分词形式）
 - excavating, burrowing

Word: snake
Front: snake
[sneɪk] (中高研四六托 3481/5064 -K2)
Back: n. 蛇; 奸险的人; 卑劣的人; 蛇形浮动汇率制
vt. 沿…曲折前进（或延伸）; <美>/<口>拖，拉（木材等）
vi. 曲折前进（或延伸）; 蛇行，悄悄地爬行
时态：snaked, snaking, snakes
分布：蛇(96%)，蜿蜒(3%)，拖曳(1%)
→来自古英语 snaca,蛇，来自 Proto-Germanic*snakon,蛇，来自 sneg,爬，蜷缩，词源同 snail,sneak.
n.蛇The cake maker shakes a naked snake with the quaking rake without sake.蛋糕制造者无缘无故地用抖动的耙子摇一条赤裸的蛇.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a reptile with a long cylindrical body and no legs 蛇
• He's terrified of being bitten by a snake. 他很害怕被蛇咬。
• a snake bite 蛇咬
• snake venom 蛇毒
a snake (in the grass)
■an unpleasant person who cannot be trusted 阴险小人，暗藏的敌人
[sneɪk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move along a route that includes a lot of twists or bends 蜿蜓伸展
• The river snakes through some of the most spectacular countryside in France. 这条河蜿蜒穿过法国一些最美丽的乡村地区。
• The queue for tickets snaked all the way around the block. 买票的队伍弯弯曲曲地一路排到了与这条街交叉的另一条街上。
[sneɪk] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
snake its way
■Something that snakes its way moves or is arranged in a twisting way 蜿蜒行进，弯曲延伸
• A long queue had formed, snaking its way downstairs and out into the street. 长长的队伍排到楼下后又一直延伸到了街上。
n. [脊椎] 蛇；阴险的人
 - serpent, rat-face
vi. 迂回前进
 - wind one's way
vt. 拉（木材等）；迂回前进
 - pull, draw

Word: self-contained
Front: self-contained
[self kən'teɪnd] (-1)
Back: adj. 独立的; 设备齐全的; 自给自足的; 沉默寡言的
分布：自足的(49%)，完备的(41%)，沉默寡言的(10%)
adjective
■containing or having everything that is needed within itself 自给自足的；独立的
• The government wants to encourage viable self-contained rural communities. 政府希望促进可切实自给自足的乡村社区的发展。
■describes someone who does not have a large number of relationships with other people or does not depend on others for support 独来独往的；独立的
• She's very self-contained and isn't at all worried about moving to a big city where she won't know anybody. 她非常独立，对于要搬到一个举目无亲的大城市去一点都不担心。
adj. 独立的；设备齐全的；沉默寡言的
 - independent, specialty

Word: bandwidth
Front: bandwidth
[ˈbændwɪdθ] (12921/27339)
Back: n. 带宽
分布：频带宽度(77%)，通带宽度(23%)
noun countable usually singular
■the amount of information that can be sent between computers, through a telephone wire, etc. 频宽
• The system will handle not only telephone calls and data messages but other signals that need high bandwidth, for instance those that encode TV pictures. 这个系统不仅可以处理电话和数据讯息，还可以处理其他需要高频宽的讯号，比如编码压缩过的电视图像讯号。
• high bandwidth services/applications 高频宽服务／应用
■the range of frequencies used to send information over a distance using telephone wires 频带
■in radio, the width of a particular waveband 波段宽度

Word: snap
Front: snap
[snæp] (研四六托 2597/2843 -3)
Back: vt. & vi. 猛地咬住; 呵斥; 折断
vt. 拍照; 用子母扣扣; [棒球]快速传（球）; 拍…的快照
n. （树枝等的）突然折断; 严厉的话; 突然的撕咬; 尤指关上或断裂的声音)啪嗒声
vi. 啪啪作响; （目光）闪耀; （牙齿等）咯咯作响; （精神）突然崩溃
adj. 容易的; 喀嗒一声扣下的; 仓促的
adv. 噼啪作响地; 啪嗒一声; 猛然
时态：snapped, snapping, snaps
分布：猛咬(25%)，拍摄(20%)，突然的(17%)，快照(16%)，劈啪作响地(5%)，匆忙的(5%)，崩塌(4%)，劈啪作响(2%)，啪嗒声(2%)，砰然关上(2%)，谩骂(2%)
→来自荷兰语或低地德语 snappen,咬，抓住，来自 West-Germanic*snu-,鼻子发出的呼哧声，用 力抓或咬时的喘气声，词源同 snack,snatch.引申诸相关词义。
v.猛咬,突然折断n.快照,劈啪声a.仓促的,突然的He snapped the stick in two.他喀嚓一声将棍子折成两半.
verb (-pp-)
BREAK 折断
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to cause something which is thin to break suddenly and quickly with a cracking sound 突然折断，哢嚓一声折断
• You'll snap that ruler if you bend it too far. 如果你把那把尺子弯得太厉害，它就会哢嚓一下折断。
• Some vandal's gone and snapped off my car aerial again. 某个蓄意作恶的家伙又把我的汽车天线折断了。
 ADVANCED intransitive
■to suddenly become unable to control a strong feeling, especially anger 突然无法控制情感，突然发作（尤指动怒）
• When she asked me to postpone my trip to help her move house, I just snapped (= got angry). 她叫我把旅行延期去帮她搬家时，我一下子就恼火了。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
MOVE QUICKLY 快速移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move into a position quickly, producing a short noise as if breaking （使）啪地突然移动（到某位置）
• Tendons store elastic energy by stretching and then snapping back into shape like rubber bands. 肌腱透过橡皮筋似的拉伸和迅速缩回贮存了弹力。
• Simply snap the pieces into place. 把这些小碎片啪啪放到适当位置就行。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to quickly return to a previous place or condition 迅速恢复
• After substantial losses last year, the company has snapped back to profitability (= started making profits again). 去年出现钜额亏损之后，这家公司的经济状况又迅速好转，开始盈利了。
snap shut
■If something snaps shut or is snapped shut, it closes quickly with a sudden sharp sound 啪地关上；啪地阖上
• She snapped her book shut and got up to leave. 她啪地阖上书，起身离开了。
• Her mouth snapped shut when she realized he'd heard everything she'd said about him. 意识到他听到了自己所说的一切关于他的话时，她立刻闭上了嘴。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
ANIMAL 动物
intransitive
■If an animal snaps, it tries to bite someone 咬，咬人
• The guard dog was snarling and snapping behind the fence. 那条看门狗正在篱笆后面吠咬。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
SPEAK 说话
intransitive or transitive
■to say something suddenly in an angry way 厉声说，恶声恶气地说
• There's no need to snap at me - it's not my fault that you lost your wallet. 何必对我这样口气这么差——你丢了钱包又不是我的错。
• [+ speech] "Well, I hate you too!" she snapped. “哼，我也恨你！”她厉声说。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
PHOTOGRAPH 摄影
intransitive or transitive
■to take a lot of photographs quickly 拍快照
• He was arrested for snapping photos of a military parade. 他因拍摄了阅兵的快照而被逮捕。
• She's very pleased with her new camera and was snapping away the whole time we were abroad. 她对自己的新相机十分满意，我们在国外时，她一直不停地拍照。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap your fingers
■to a make a noise by pushing your second finger hard against your thumb and then releasing it suddenly so that it hits the base of your thumb 打榧子，打响指
• He was snapping his fingers in time with the music. 他和着音乐节拍打着响指。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap sb's head off
■to answer someone in an unreasonably angry way 呵斥（某人），怒气冲冲地抢答（某人）
• There's no point trying to discuss anything with him if all he's going to do is snap your head off. 如果他只会怒气冲冲地喝斥你，就没必要和他讨论任何事情。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap at sb's heels
■If an animal is snapping at your heels, it is running behind you and trying to bite you. 追着咬（某人）
■to compete strongly with someone and have a chance of soon defeating or replacing them 与（某人）一决高下，对（某人）紧追不舍
• With so many younger women snapping at her heels, this year may be her last chance to win the championship. 今年也许是她夺冠的最后机会，因为许多更年轻的女选手都大有后来居上之势。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
snap to it UK (US snap it up) informal
■used to tell someone to do something more quickly 赶快，快做
• We're leaving in five minutes so you'd better snap to it and finish your breakfast. 我们五分钟以后就走，所以你最好快点吃完早饭。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  snap out of sth informal
■to force yourself to stop feeling sad and upset 摆脱（忧伤烦恼的情绪）
• He just can't snap out of the depression he's had since his wife died. 自从他妻子去世以后，他一直无法摆脱忧伤。
• Now come on, snap out of it. Losing that money isn't the end of the world. 好了，振作起来，丢了那些钱并不意味着世界末日。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snap sth up informal
■to buy or get something quickly and enthusiastically because it is cheap or exactly what you want 抢购
• The tickets for the concert were snapped up within three hours of going on sale. 音乐会的票开始出售后，三小时内就被抢购一空。
• The fall in property prices means that there are a lot of bargains waiting to be snapped up. 房地产价格下跌意味着会有许多廉价的房屋可供抢购。
[snæp] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] snap sb up informal
■to immediately accept someone's offer to join your company or team because you want them very much 马上录用（某人），立即聘用（某人）
• She was snapped up by a large law firm. 她很快被一家大律师事务所录用。
[snæp] noun
BREAKING NOISE 折断的声音
countable usually singular
■a sudden loud sound like something breaking or closing 喀嚓声，突然折断（或阖上）的声音
• She broke the stick over her knee with a loud snap. 她哢嚓一声用膝盖折断了棍子。
countable US for * press stud
[snæp] noun
PHOTOGRAPH 摄影
countable UK informal
■an informal photograph which is not very skilful or artistic 快照，快相
• holiday snaps 假期拍的快照
• Did you take many snaps while you were away? 你出游的时候拍了很多照片吗？
[snæp] noun
GAME 游戏
uncountable
■a card game in which the players compete to call out the word 'snap' when they see two cards that have the same value 呼“同”牌游戏（一种纸牌游戏，玩家抢先看到有两张相同的牌时呼“同”）
• a game of snap 呼“同”牌游戏
[snæp] noun
SOMETHING EASY 容易的事
only singular US informal
■something that can be done without any difficulty 容易的事，好办的事
• "Will you finish on time?" "Sure thing. It's a snap." “你能按时完成吗？”“当然，太容易了。”
• Talking to girls is a snap for him. 和女孩子交谈对他来说十分容易。
[snæp] adjective [before noun]
■done suddenly without allowing time for careful thought or preparation 匆忙的，不加思索的，不做准备的
• He always makes snap decisions and never thinks about their consequences. 他总是匆忙作决定，从不考虑后果。
[snæp] exclamation
■'Snap!' is what you say in the game of snap when two cards of the same value have been played. （呼“同”牌游戏中的）“同！”
■UK informal
■something that you say when you notice that two things are the same （发现两件事物相同时所说）太巧了！
• Snap! We're wearing the same shirts! 太巧了！我们穿了同样的衬衫！
bite, snap, gnaw, chew
这组词都有“咬、啃”的意思，其区别是：
bite: 指用牙齿钳住或切断，或咬一口。
snap: 指突然猛咬。
gnaw: 指连续不断用齿咬。
chew: 指用牙磨碎。
vt. 突然折断，拉断；猛咬；啪地关上
 - pull cut
vi. 咬；厉声说；咯嗒一声关上
 - bite, gnaw at
n. 猛咬；劈啪声；突然折断
 - splutter
adj. 突然的
 - sudden, unannounced

Word: fractured
Front: fractured
[ˈfræktʃəd] (12997/14787)
Back: v. （使）折断，破碎( fracture的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：断裂的(88%)，动词fracture的过去式和过去分词.(12%)
N-COUNT
破裂;(尤指)骨折
A fracture is a slight crack or break in something, especially a bone.
例：At least one-third of all women over ninety have sustained a hip fracture.超过90岁的所有女性中至少有1/3已经出现髋骨骨折。
V-ERG
(使)(轻微)骨折;(使)断裂
If something such as a bone is fractured or fractures, it gets a slight crack or break in it.
例：You've fractured a rib, maybe more than one...你的一根肋骨断了，可能不止一根。
例：One strut had fractured and been crudely repaired in several places...一根撑木出现了裂痕，有几处已进行了粗略的修补。
V-ERG
(使)分裂;(使)解散
If something such as an organization or society is fractured or fractures, it splits into several parts or stops existing.
例：His policy risks fracturing the coalition...他的政策有分裂联盟的风险。
例：It might be a society that could fracture along class lines.它可能成为一个阶级分化的社会。
adj. 断裂的；挫伤的；折裂的
 - regmatic, rupturing

Word: auspice
Front: auspice
['ɔ:spɪs] (托宝 12999/-)
Back: n. 预兆; 前兆; 吉兆; （以飞鸟行动为根据的）占卜
分布：吉兆(31%)，赞助(26%)，预兆(26%)，主办(17%)
吉兆,前兆(au鸟+spice→看到鸟[喜鹊]→吉兆)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
n. 赞助，主办；吉兆
 - sponsorship, patronage

Word: bloodstream
Front: bloodstream
[ˈblʌdstri:m] (13026/15577 -1)
Back: n. 血流
分布：血流(100%)
noun only singular
■the flow of blood around the body （体内的）血流
• The drug works more quickly if it is injected directly into the bloodstream. 该药品如果直接注射进血流里，见效会更快。

Word: vulture
Front: vulture
[ˈvʌltʃə(r)] (宝 12983/12004 -1)
Vocabulary: vulture
(once / 1359 pages)
n
A vulture is a type of bird — with a bald head and neck — that feeds on dead animals.
One of the most fearsome birds is the vulture: this bird of prey feeds on almost nothing but dead flesh. Unlike other animals that hunt, vultures go after animals that were killed by other animals or died naturally. Vultures are scavengers looking for corpses. And because of their morbid tastes, vultures are often associated with horror movies and scenes of carnage.
WORD FAMILY
vulture: vultures, vulturous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Vultures, in the ancient world of Honduras, were a symbol of death and the transition to the spiritual world.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The tragic lesson of Syria is that when the eagle flies away, the vultures move in.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Vulture 'restaurants' across southern Europe are serving up carcasses in an attempt to rescue these endangered birds.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 秃鹰，秃鹫; 贪婪的人; 劫掠者
分布：秃鹰(60%)，兀鹰(30%)，贪婪的人(10%)
→来自wele,拔，撕，词源同wool,vulnerable。用来指秃鹫。
秃鹫;贪的无厌者(vult+ute→把[猎物]撕开者→秃鹫)[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
【记】vulture不culture（n 文化；文明）
US [-tʃɚ] noun countable
■a large bird with almost no feathers on its head or neck, that eats the flesh of dead animals 秃鹫；兀鹫
■disapproving
■a person or organization that is eager to win an advantage from other people's difficulties or problems 趁火打劫的人（或机构）；乘人之危的人（或机构）
• When a company is in crisis like this, the vultures are always hovering. 当一家公司遇到这样的危机，一众趁火打劫者总是会在旁边虎视耽耽。
n. 秃鹰，秃鹫；贪婪的人
 - condor

Word: tailor
Front: tailor
[ˈteɪlə(r)] (高研四六托 7806/8827 -2)
Vocabulary: tailor
(once / 490 pages)
nv
A tailor helps make your clothes fit you better. Similarly, when you tailor something to the needs of others, you are adjusting what you do to best suit them rather than taking a general approach.
The word tailor comes from the Latin taliare, meaning "to cut." A tailor is someone who cuts and adjusts your clothing to better fit. When you tailor a jacket, you have it taken in to better suit your physique. But tailor isn't used strictly in reference to clothing. For example, a restaurant might tailor an order for a vegetarian by getting rid of the meat in a portion. A teacher might tailor a lesson plan to the demands of her ESL students.
WORD FAMILY
tailor: tailored, tailoring, tailors
USAGE EXAMPLES
And indeed, it is tailored to each president’s individual needs.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Much like the Balfour declaration, these parameters were in fact tailored point by point to Zionist desires.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In addition, employers often find it hard to justify crafting jobs, tailoring them for a specific person’s disabilities.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 裁缝，成衣工
vi. 做裁缝
vt. 调整使适应; 为…裁制衣服; 为…做衣服; 剪裁，制作
时态：tailored, tailoring, tailors
分布：裁缝(95%)，做裁缝(3%)，缝制(1%)，调整使适合(1%)
→来自古法语 tailleor,裁缝，来自 tailler,剪，切，来自拉丁语 taliare,分开，剪开，来自 talea,砍， 小枝，嫩枝，词源同 tally,retail.
裁缝[tail=cut,表示"剪,割"]
n.裁缝v.缝制,剪裁Details about the tailor's tail are available from the prevailing dailies.有关我缝在尾巴的细节可从流行的日报上得到.
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to repair, make and make changes to clothes, especially someone who makes jackets, trousers, coats, etc. for men 裁缝
UK ['teɪ.lər] US [-lɚ] verb transitive
■to make or prepare something following particular instructions 专门制作，使适应特定需要
n. [服装] 裁缝
 - dressmaker, needlecraft, sartor, seamster

Word: dutifully
Front: dutifully
['dju:tɪfəlɪ] (12991/15052)
Back: adv. 忠实地，忠贞地
分布：忠实地(60%)，忠贞地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
顺从的;尽职的;恭敬的
If you say that someone is dutiful, you mean that they do everything that they are expected to do.
例：The days of the dutiful wife, who sacrifices her career for her husband, are over.贤妻为了丈夫而牺牲自己事业的时代已经结束了。
adv. 忠实地；忠贞地
 - faithfully, devotedly

Word: inexplicable
Front: inexplicable
[ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbl] (宝 13006/11680 -1)
Vocabulary: inexplicable
(once / 961 pages)
adj
Something inexplicable can't be explained. It doesn't make sense. You don't want to come to the beach on the most beautiful day of the year? That's inexplicable!
Inexplicable is made up of the prefix in, which means "not," and explicable, which comes from the Latin explicabilis, meaning "unfolded, unraveled." Do you see the double negative? If something is not unfolded, it's folded up and tangled — like something that doesn't make sense. Your school's decision to call a snow day is inexplicable, if there's barely a layer of snow on the ground.
WORD FAMILY
inexplicable: inexplicably+/explicable: explicably, inexplicable / explicate: explicable, explicated, explicates, explicating, explication / explication: explications
USAGE EXAMPLES
East title despite inexplicable benching of Tom Brady since October.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And — perhaps most inexplicable of all — there was 2007, when millions of people voluntarily installed Windows Vista.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Miracles From Heaven This inspirational 2016 drama stars Jennifer Garner as a mother whose seriously ill young daughter is inexplicably healed after a near-death experience.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法解释的; 费解的; 莫名其妙的
分布：无法解释的(46%)，费解的(34%)，无法说明的(20%)
→in-,不，非，explicable,可解释的。
【记】explicable（adj 可解释说明的）；源于：explain（v 解释；说明）
adjective
■unable to be explained or understood 无法说明的；费解的
• For some inexplicable reason, he's decided to cancel the project. 由于某种无法解释的原因，他决定取消这个专案。
adj. 费解的；无法说明的；不能解释的
 - unexplainable, incomprehensible

Word: lax
Front: lax
[læks] (雅 13008/13744 -1)
Vocabulary: lax
(once / 1704 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
Those parents who let their kids eat all their Halloween candy the night of October 31st? Their parenting style might be described as lax. A paperclip chain used as a bike lock? That's an example of lax security.
While contemplating the word lax, you may note that it's the same as the first syllable in laxative. This is not a coincidence: lax entered English as a noun describing a substance taken or administered to relax the bowels. Interestingly, the modern definition of lax is closer to the Latin source word, laxus — an adjective meaning "loose." Now, lax can refer to any phenomenon that is insufficiently stringent or so slack as to be basically ineffectual. For example, "The entire class performed incredibly well on the test, largely due to the sleepy professor's lax supervision."
WORD FAMILY
lax: laxer, laxest, laxity, laxly, laxness, unlax+/ laxity: laxities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the founding families still dominate almost all the conglomerates, in part, critics say, because of lax enforcement of corporate governance and tax laws.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Lax enforcement by key federal agencies and questionable judgments from the D.C.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The 19-day holiday season for LAX and its unprecedented surge in travelers will end Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. <医>（肠）宽松的; 松弛的; 松懈的; 不严格的
n. 泻肚; （挪威，瑞典的）鲑; 松元音
分布：松懈的(66%)，松弛的(21%)，不严的(13%)
→来自sleg,松弛的，放松的，词源同languish,slack.该词原义使肠胃放松，即排便，引申词义松弛的，松懈的等。
松弛的[lax=loose,表示"松"]
【记】源于：relax（v 放松）
【反】stringent（adj 严厉的；紧的）
adjective
■without much care, attention or control; not severe or strong enough 马虎的；不严格的；不严厉的
• He took a gun through baggage control to highlight the lax security. 他携带一把枪通过了行李检查，以此引起大家对安全管理松懈这一问题的重视。
• The subcommittee contends that the authorities were lax in investigating most of the cases. 小组委员会认为有关部门对多宗案件疏于调查。
adj. 松的；松懈的；腹泻的
 - relaxed, pinic

Word: plurality
Front: plurality
[plʊəˈræləti] (13022/16413)
Vocabulary: plurality
(once / 3566 pages)
n
In an election with three or more candidates, where no one gets more than half of the votes, you would win if you had the plurality.
The word plurality first appeared in the 14th Century as "the state of being plural." The meaning applied to an election emerged in the United States around 1828, referring to a group of candidates where none has an absolute majority over the others. We can also use it to express a multitude of anything. For example, the United States is a nation with a plurality of races and religions. Here, plurality gives you the idea of a large, undefined number.
WORD FAMILY
plurality: pluralities+/ plural: pluralise, pluralism, plurality, pluralize, plurally, plurals/pluralise: pluralisation, pluralising/ pluralism: pluralist, pluralistic /pluralist: pluralists/ pluralistic: pluralistically/pluralize: pluralization, pluralized, pluralizes, pluralizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite Clinton’s popular plurality, however, she lost several industrial states in the Rust Belt by narrow margins.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
And at least Lincoln won a plurality of the total vote, beating the No. 2 finisher, Stephen A. Douglas, by 10 percentage points.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The public interest centres on plurality and fitness.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 诸多; 多元化; 处于多数; （选举中的）相对多数（票）
分布：复数(47%)，兼职(25%)，大量(16%)，超过票数(12%)
US [plʊ'ræl.ə.tˌi] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
uncountable
■the state of being plural 复数
UK [plʊə'ræl.ə.ti] US [plʊ'ræl.ə.tˌi] noun
DIFFERENT 不同
[C usually sing] formal
■a large number of different types of something 众多，大量
• There was a marked plurality of opinions/views among the people attending the meeting. 与会者明显意见／看法不一。
have/win a plurality specialized
■to receive more votes in an election than any other person or party, but not more than the total number of votes which the other people or parties have received （在选举中）获得相对多数票
• He won a 48 percent plurality of the vote rather than an outright majority. 他获得了48%的相对多数票，而非绝对多数。
[C usually sing] only singular specialized
■the part of a group of voters which is the largest part, but which is not bigger than the total number of other voters （未超过半数的）多数
• A plurality of the population voted for change. 人民的多数投票支持变革。
n. 多数；复数；兼职；胜出票数
 - majority, multitude

Word: warring
Front: warring
[ˈwɔ:rɪŋ] (13005/14491 -2)
Back: adj. 交战的，进行战争的; 敌对的; 冲突的; 势不两立的
n. 战斗，战争
v. 进行战争(war的现在分词形式)
分布：交战的(100%)
US ['wɔ:r.ɪŋ] adjective [before noun]
■describes countries or groups of people that are at war with each other or who are arguing violently with each other 交战的；敌对的；冲突的
• The Labour Party, he said, had disintegrated into warring factions. 他说工党已经分裂成相互敌对的派系了。
adj. 交战的；敌对的；冲突的
 - adverse, opposed
n. 战争；战斗
 - action, sword, warfare, fight, combat

Word: porter
Front: porter
[ˈpɔ:tə(r)] (高研四六 11418/6464 -2)
Vocabulary: porter
(once / 776 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A porter is someone who carries luggage for tourists. If you ever travel by train across the country, you'll be grateful to the porter.
The person at an airport, train station, or hotel who's paid to help with your luggage is a porter. It's also the name of a train employee who assists passengers traveling in sleeper cars. The word porter comes from the Latin portatorem, one who carries. The dark, sweet beer known as porter or porter's ale comes from the same root word — because its taste and low price was the favorite of porters and other laborers.
WORD FAMILY
porter: porterage, portered, portering, porters+/ port: portage, ported, porter, porting, ports/ portage: portages
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was also offered a full-time porter’s job.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
At a table by the sanctuary’s carved screen, porter puritans sat with practitioners of what might be called the “chocolate-flavoring heresy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Sample hoppy IPAs, creamy porters, and rich stouts as you gather passport stamps to earn prizes along the biggest beer trail in the country.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 门童; 搬运工人; （医院里护送病人的）护工; （尤指卧铺车厢的）列车服务员
分布：搬运工(84%)，门卫(12%)，杂务工(4%)
→来自拉丁语portare,携带，搬运，通过，来自per,向前，通过，词源同ford,forth.
搬运工(port+er)[Port=carry,表示"拿,运"]
n.守门人,门房,行李搬运工,服务员On the porter's passport a portion of the portrait isn't proportional.在搬运工的护照上,部分肖像不成比例.
US ['pɔ:r.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to carry things, especially traveller's bags at railway stations, airports, etc 搬运工；（尤指火车站、机场等的）行李员；挑夫
• There aren't any porters, so we'll have to find a trolley for the luggage. 因为没有搬运工，所以我们得找个小车来推行李。
■UK (US doorman)
■someone whose job is to take care of a building and be present at its entrance in order to help visitors 门房，守门者
• The hotel porter opened the door for me and then called a taxi. 旅馆门厅服务员为我开了门，并帮我叫了一辆计程车。
US
■a person whose job is to help travellers who are spending the night on a train by arranging their bed, looking after their bags, etc. （卧铺车厢的）列车员
n. 门房；服务员； [交] 行李搬运工；守门人
 - waiter, concierge

Word: toil
Front: toil
[tɔɪl] (雅宝 13009/14924 -1)
Vocabulary: toil
(once / 179 pages)
vn
Toil is another word for work. You toil as a customer service rep all day, but you'd prefer to work as a rock goddess. Unfortunately, there weren't many ads in the employment section for goddesses — rock or otherwise.
Although toil means "work" (in both its noun and verb forms), it usually has the added meaning of hard work, especially physical labor. If you'd lived during the Great Depression, you might have toiled on roadwork and conservation projects. Your toils would have created roads in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, for example. Thanks for all your hard work! Now, relax and enjoy the scenery.
WORD FAMILY
toil: toiled, toiler, toiling, toils, toilsome +/ toiler: toilers/toiling: toilingly/ toilsome: toilsomely, toilsomeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Elsewhere, scientists toil with petri dishes and automated pipettes to test new strains.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
A: For many years, we felt like we were toiling in obscurity.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
"The president is not simply working, he's toiling. And I respect him for that."
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 长时间或辛苦地工作; 艰难缓慢地移动; 跋涉
n. 报酬很低的苦活，苦工; 罗网，圈套
时态：toiled, toiling, toils
分布：辛苦(51%)，苦工(15%)，圈套(11%)，苦干(7%)，费力地做(6%)，罗网(5%)，跋涉(5%)
→来自中古法语 toile,网，罗网，来自拉丁语 tela,网，来自 teks, 编织，纺织，词源同 texture,textile.拼写比较 regulate,rule.引申词义圈套。
【记】读：偷油oil，偷油是一件很辛苦的工作－toil
【参】foil（n 金属薄片；v 挫败）；coil（v 卷绕）；roil（v 煽动；激怒）
noun uncountable
■hard work, especially work which makes you feel physically tired （尤指体力上的）苦工
• Lindi has achieved her comfortable life only after years of hard toil. 林迪在做了多年的苦工后才过上舒适的生活。
• humorous Well, after a day's toil in the office I like to relax a little. 好啦，在办公室劳累了一天，我想歇一会儿儿。
[tɔɪl] verb intransitive
WORK HARD 努力工作
■to work hard 苦干，努力工作
• England's cricketers have been toiling in the 100-degree heat over the past week. 在过去的一周，英格兰板球运动员一直在华氏100度的高温下艰苦训练。
• I was relaxing in the bath, having toiled away in the garden all afternoon. 在花园里劳累了整整一个下午后，我躺在浴缸里放松。
[tɔɪl] verb intransitive
MOVE 移动
■to move in a particular direction, slowly and with great effort 艰难缓慢地行走
• I was toiling up the hill with four heavy bags when he took pity on me. 我正背着四个沉重的袋子艰难地往山上爬，这时他动了恻隐之心。
n. 辛苦；苦工；网；圈套
 - web, net, mesh, trap
vi. 辛苦工作；艰难地行进
 - labour over, sweat

Word: restart
Front: restart
[ˌri:ˈstɑ:t] (13007/11902 -1)
Back: v. 重新开始
时态：restarted, restarting, restarts
分布：重新开始(90%)，返聘(10%)
→re-,再，重新，start,开始。
US [-'stɑ:rt] verb intransitive or transitive
■to start something again （使）重新开始；（使）再开始；重新启动
• Our car stalled and wouldn't restart. 我们的车抛了锚，再也发动不起来了。
• Please restart your computer to complete installation. 请重启电脑完成安装。
vi. 重新启动； [计] 重新开始
 - start over, turn over a new leaf
vt. 重新启动； [计] 重新开始
 - resume, reinitialize
n. [计] 重新开始；返聘
 - recommencement, resumption

Word: oppress
Front: oppress
[əˈpres] (研四六雅宝 13013/14569)
Vocabulary: oppress
(once / 170 pages)
v
When you oppress someone, you use your authority to keep them down. If you oppress people long enough, they might decide to fight back and then decide to oppress YOU.
There is a saying that "power corrupts," meaning that once someone gains power, they tend to misuse it in self-serving or brutal ways. Tyrants tend to oppress those beneath them, by limiting their rights. In the fairy tale Rapunzel, the evil old woman tried to oppress Rapunzel by keeping her locked in a tower. Another use of oppress means to cause to suffer. If the ninety degree heat outside will oppress you, you should stay inside in the air conditioning.
WORD FAMILY
oppress: oppressed, oppresses, oppressing, oppression, oppressive, oppressor +/ oppression: oppressions/ oppressive: oppressively, oppressiveness/ oppressor: oppressors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this only works if your identity actually is oppressed.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
And it was aligned with oppressed people around the world, rather than demonizing them.
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
Nusrat never refused care to anyone who needed it, including those who would oppress her people.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 使烦恼，使意气消沉，使气馁，使无精神; 压迫，压制
v. 虐待，欺侮; 〈古〉压倒; 给与沉重的感觉
时态：oppressed, oppressing, oppresses
分布：压迫(89%)，使烦恼(11%)
→op-,在上，表强调，press,压，按，逼迫。引申词义压制，压迫。
压迫,虐待(op加强动作+press→拼命压→压迫)[press=press表示"挤压"]
v.压迫,压制Cares oppressed his spirits.忧虑使他心情抑郁.
【记】op，press（压）一压下去，压迫
【参】depress（降低，抑制）；impressive（影象深刻的）
verb
RULE 统治
transitive often passive
■to govern people in an unfair and cruel way and prevent them from having opportunities and freedom 压迫；压制；欺压
• For years now, the people have been oppressed by a ruthless dictator. 多年来，人们一直身处残暴独裁者的压迫之下。
[ə'pres] verb
MAKE UNCOMFORTABLE 使不舒服
transitive
■to make a person feel uncomfortable or worried, and sometimes ill 使烦恼；使焦虑；使不适
• Strange dreams and nightmares oppressed him. 怪梦和噩梦使他感到焦虑不安。
oppress, suppress
这组词都有“压迫，镇压”的意思，其区别是：
oppress: 指用武力或权力等压迫、压制别人。
suppress: 通常指通过强力，迅速有力地制止某事，或用意志控制自己的感情。
vt. 压迫，压抑；使……烦恼；使……感到沉重
 - lie on

Word: participatory
Front: participatory
[pɑ:ˌtɪsɪ'peɪtərɪ] (12949/21339)
Vocabulary: participatory
(once / 45459 pages)
adj
If something is participatory, it allows or requires you to participate, or join in. In high school, classes are participatory: they require you to join in by doing your homework and taking part in discussions.
Education research shows that participatory lessons, or lessons in which the students participate in their own learning, are more effective than direct instruction. For example, a participatory activity in which students take a classroom poll of favorite fruits and analyze what percentages of the class like which kinds is much more likely to stick with them than a non-participatory lecture on percentage.
WORD FAMILY
participate: participated, participates, participating, participation, participatory +/ participation: nonparticipation, participations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their latest album, Existentialism, is a collection of new songs recorded live in pubs to get that same rowdy, spontaneous, participatory ambience.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
“This new generation of insurrections draws its power from participatory, anti-authoritarian practices and a rejection of respectability politics,” Simons says.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
That’s the concept, in Seattle Immersive Theatre’s new participatory production.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 供人分享的
分布：参与的(69%)，供人分享的(31%)
ADJ
（体制、活动、角色）参与式的
A participatory system, activity, or role involves a particular person or group of people taking part in it.
例：Fishing is said to be the most popular participatory sport in the U.K...钓鱼据说是英国最受欢迎的参与式体育活动。
例：Studies have shown that women tend to be more participatory in their management style.研究表明，女性的管理风格往往具有更强的参与式特点。

Word: dissemination
Front: dissemination
[dɪˌsemɪ'neɪʃn] (13011/12237)
Vocabulary: dissemination
(once / 7108 pages)
n
Dissemination is the scattering of information. If you've done something really embarrassing and don't want the whole school to know, let's hope no one who saw you is an expert in the rapid dissemination of humiliating facts.
Dissemination builds on the word, seminate, meaning "to plan seeds." When you add the prefix dis-, you add the idea of separation, so to disseminate means to spread seeds widely. These could be literal seeds, like the dissemination of Oak genes by the scattering of acorns, or metaphorical seeds of ideas, like the dissemination of radical ideas through blogs, zines, and list-servs.
WORD FAMILY
dissemination: disseminations+/ disseminate: disseminated, disseminates, disseminating, dissemination, disseminative, disseminator/disseminator: disseminators
USAGE EXAMPLES
For precedent, the paper refers to an 1862 law creating land-grant universities to improve agricultural practices through research and dissemination of those findings.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
She was arrested in 1941 and imprisoned for seven months after being caught at a meeting where students were transcribing Allied radio broadcasts for dissemination.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
As technology and the means of dissemination evolved, so, too, did fake news.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 散播，宣传; 浸染
分布：传播(92%)，宣传(7%)，传染(1%)
VERB
散布;传播
To disseminate information or knowledge means to distribute it so that it reaches many people or organizations.
例：It took years to disseminate information about Aids in Africa...在非洲传播关于艾滋病方面的知识耗时数年。
例：They disseminated anti-French propaganda.他们散布反对法国的宣传资料。
n. 宣传；散播；传染（病毒）
 - advertisement, publicity, infection, propaganda

Word: pulse
Front: pulse
[pʌls] (高研四六托宝 4331/4379 -2)
Vocabulary: pulse
(once / 366 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n
The word pulse has many shades of meaning, but most of them involve something characterized by short, rhythmic bursts. If you’re angry, the muscles in your jaw might pulse — meaning they contract quickly in short bursts.
Pulse can be a noun that describes the rhythmic pumping of blood through your veins and arteries. You’ve probably had a nurse take your pulse as a way to measure your heart rate. Pulse can refer to other things that have a rhythmic beat, like the pulse of dance music or a pulse of flashing light. The verb describes something that throbs, literally or figuratively. Your blood will pulse through your veins, or a busy city may pulse with life.
WORD FAMILY
pulse: pulsate, pulsed, pulseless, pulses, pulsing+/ pulsate: pulsated, pulsates, pulsating, pulsation/pulsation: pulsations/pulsing: pulsings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This story was originally published by Pulse — Voices From the Heart of Medicine.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
On New Year’s Eve, anything with feathers and a pulse was counted by about 200 birders from dawn until almost dusk.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Thomas and the bride formally met one day earlier, when he suggested she grip his wrist, where his pulse is strongest.
New York Times(Aug 08, 2016)
Back: n. 脉搏; [无线电]（电磁波等）脉动; 活力; 有节奏的跳动（或拍打）
vi. （心脏）跳动; 脉动; 搏动; 震动
vt. 使跳动; 有节奏地驱动（机器等）; [电子学]施以脉冲; [无线电]脉冲地调节（电磁波）
时态：pulsed, pulsing, pulses
分布：脉冲(62%)，脉搏(29%)，跳动(7%)，搏动(2%)
→来自拉丁语pulsus,击，撞，脉搏，来自pellere的过去分词形式，来自pellere,击，打，冲击，来自pel,击，打，冲击，词源同impel,compel,propel.pulse 豆子，荚果
脉搏[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
n.脉搏,脉冲I also heard of the false pulses elsewhere.我在别处也听说过这些虚假脉冲.
noun
REGULAR BEAT 规律跳动
countable
■the regular beating of the heart, especially when it is felt at the wrist or side of the neck 脉搏
• The child's pulse was strong/weak. 那个孩子的脉搏很有力／虚弱。
• Exercise increases your pulse rate. 运动能加快你的脉搏。
take sb's pulse
■to hold someone's wrist and count how many times their heart beats in one minute 测（某人的）脉搏
countable
■a short period of energy which is repeated regularly, such as a short loud sound or a short flash of light （声波或光波的）脉冲
• The data, normally transmitted electronically, can be changed into pulses of light. 这一资料通常是电子传送的，现在可被改为光波脉冲。
[pʌls] noun
FOOD 食物
pulses
[plural] specialized
■seeds such as beans or peas which are cooked and eaten 豆类植物的种子；荚果；豆子
• Pulses include peas, lentils and chickpeas. 豆类包括豌豆、小扁豆和鹰嘴豆。
[pʌls] noun
have / keep your finger on the pulse
■to be/stay familiar with the most recent changes or improvements 了解最新变化（进展）
• The situation changes daily, so you've got to keep your finger on the pulse. 情况每天都在变，所以你得保持消息灵通。
[pʌls] noun
set your pulse racing (also quicken your pulse)
■to make you excited 使激动
• This is a movie that will set your pulse racing. 这是一部激动人心的电影。
[pʌls] verb intransitive
■to move or beat with a strong, regular rhythm （以规律且强有力的节拍）跳动，搏动，振动
• I could feel the blood pulsing through my veins. 我能感觉到血液在我的血管里翻腾。
n. [电子] 脉冲； [生理] 脉搏
 - impulse, pluse
vi. 跳动，脉跳
 - jitter

Word: fast-growing
Front: fast-growing
['fɑ:stɡr'əʊɪŋ] None
Back: 快速增长的
分布：迅速增涨(100%)

Word: inundate
Front: inundate
[ˈɪnʌndeɪt] (托雅宝 13018/13958 -1)
Vocabulary: inundate
(once / 1555 pages)
v
To inundate means to quickly fill up or overwhelm, just like a flood. Your bathroom could be inundated with water if the pipes burst, and hopefully your inbox is inundated with nice emails on your birthday.
Commonly used to refer to a deluge of water, inundate can also refer to an overflow of something less tangible, like information. Right before the holidays, toy stores are often inundated with eager parents scrambling to get the latest action figures and video games. Attempt to read the entire dictionary in one sitting and you'll inundate your mind with vocabulary. But you probably won't remember any of it tomorrow.
WORD FAMILY
inundate: inundated, inundates, inundating, inundation +/ inundation: inundations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feline calendar, inundated with photo submissions, started printing two editions a year a few years ago to fit them all.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Despite cleanup efforts, a new wave of garbage inundated the island again this week.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
But this time, many Republican electors were inundated with phone calls, emails and even threats demanding that they vote for someone other than Mr. Trump.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 淹没; 泛滥; （洪水般的）扑来; 使充满
时态：inundated, inundating, inundates
分布：淹没(76%)，向泛滥(12%)，浸水(12%)
→in-,进入，使，-und,流动，波浪，词源同undulate,water.即流进来的，淹没，引申词义应接不暇。
泛滥,淹没(in进入+und+ate→进入波浪→淹没)[und=wave,表示"波动"]
【记】in进入，und波浪，ate一进入波浪一淹没
【参】undulate（v 波动起伏；成波浪形）；abundant（adj 丰富的）
【反】drain（v 耗尽；排水）
verb transitive
TOO MUCH 太多
■to give someone so much work or so many things that they cannot deal with them all 使应接不暇
• We have been inundated with requests for help. 求助申请多得让我们应接不暇。
['ɪn.ʌn.deɪt] verb transitive
FLOOD 洪水 formal
■to flood an area with water （洪水）淹没
• If the dam breaks it will inundate large parts of the town. 如果水坝决堤，这个城镇的大部分地区都将被淹没。
vt. 淹没；泛滥；浸水；（洪水般的）扑来
 - flood, flow

Word: assigned
Front: assigned
[ə'saɪnd] (12977/24931)
Back: n. [计][修]（已）赋值[分配]; [计]指定的，赋值的
adj. 指定的，赋值的
v. 分配( assign的过去式和过去分词 ); 指派; 指定; （作为说明或原因）提出
分布：动词(98%)，名词(2%)
VERB
分派（工作）；布置（作业）
If you assign a piece of work to someone, you give them the work to do.
例：When I taught, I would assign a topic to children which they would write about...我教课时会给孩子们布置一个题目，让他们就这个题目写点东西。
例：Later in the year, she'll assign them research papers...今年晚些时候，她将给他们指定研究论文。
VERB
分配;配给
If you assign something to someone, you say that it is for their use.
例：The selling broker is then required to assign a portion of the commission to the buyer broker...卖方经纪人须随后将部分佣金分给买方经纪人。
例：He assigned her all his land in Ireland.他把自己在爱尔兰的所有土地都转给了她。
VERB
委派;派往;指派
If someone is assigned to a particular place, group, or person, they are sent there, usually in order to work at that place or for that person.
例：I was assigned to Troop A of the 10th Cavalry...我被派往第10骑兵队的A连。
例：Did you choose Russia or were you simply assigned there?...你是自己选择去的俄罗斯还是就是被派到那里的？
VERB
赋予，给予（功能或价值）
If you assign a particular function or value to someone or something, you say they have it.
例：Under Mr. Harel's system, each business must assign a value to each job...根据哈雷尔先生的体系，每个企业必须赋予每份工作一定的价值。
例：Assign the letters of the alphabet their numerical values — A equals 1, B equals 2, etc.给字母表里的每个字母赋予相应的数值——A等于1，B等于2，等等。
acknowledge, assigned, allocate, allot, admit, confess
acknowledge: 表承认某事可以承担责任
assigned: 用途明确，但“指定”意味强，常常暗示分配人的武断性
allocate: 正式用词，尤指政府部门拨出定额款项的行为
allot: 指完整或定量的东西分为若干份来分配，不强调公平性和数量上的平均
admit: 表被迫承认做过某事
confess: 承认一些不好的事情，常有“忏悔”之意
adj. 指定的；已分配的
 - named, appointed
v. 分配（assign的过去分词）；指定；委派
 - specified, appointed

Word: stockholder
Front: stockholder
[ˈstɒkhəʊldə(r)] (六 12990/40214 -1)
Vocabulary: stockholder
(once / 1520 pages)
n
A stockholder is someone who has shares in a company. Stockholders own a piece of that company. If you’re a stockholder in the latest, greatest, financially sound new start-up company, your stock is probably worth a lot of money!
Stockholders are people who hold stocks — in other words, own shares — in a corporation. When you buy stocks, it's like buying part of the company. The more shares you buy, the more invested you are in a company. The value of the stock goes up when the company does well and goes down when the company does poorly, so stockholders want the company to succeed. If you want to become a stockholder, start following the stock market.
WORD FAMILY
stockholder: stockholders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bad publicity and worried stockholders were enough to bring a company to heel.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Icahn sees it as improving a firm’s poor management and efficiency to create more jobs and stockholder wealth for all of the firm’s investors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
As a result, stockholders must accept valuations of a company’s assets without being able to verify them.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 股票持有者; 股东
分布：股东(100%)
→stock,股份，holder,持有者。
US ['stɑ:kˌhoʊl.dɚ] noun countable US for shareholder
n. [金融] 股东；股票持有人
 - shareholder, holder of stock

Word: reparation
Front: reparation
[ˌrepəˈreɪʃn] (宝 13025/15753 -1)
Vocabulary: reparation
(once / 1741 pages)
1n 2n
If you guessed that reparation is related to the word repair, you were right. Both come from the Latin word meaning "to restore." While reparation has a range of meanings, they all convey the sense of fixing or making up for a past wrong.
In contemporary usage, the plural form is more common than the singular. Victims of a crime, for example, may receive reparations from the perpetrators. A defeated nation may be forced to pay reparations to its victorious enemies. Many have suggested that the United States government should provide reparations to the descendants of slaves. The word almost always has legal or political connotations, and it conveys the sense of restitution — often expressed in money — for wrongdoing.
WORD FAMILY
reparation: reparations+/ disrepair: disrepairs/ irreparable: irreparably/ repair: disrepair, repaired, repairer, repairing, repairs, reparable, reparation /repaired: unrepaired/repairer: repairers/ reparable: irreparable
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the deal fell short of the survivors’ demand that Japan pay formal reparations and accept legal responsibility for what they endured.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Namibia speaks of reparations, but Germany rejects the term.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Negotiations between the German and Namibian governments over possible reparation payments are expected to be completed and result in an official apology before next June.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 赔偿（款项）; 修理; 修理工作; 维修工程
分布：赔偿(62%)，补偿(38%)
→来自 repair,修复。引申词义赔偿，补偿，赔款等。
[ˌrep.ə'reɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■payment for harm or damage 赔偿；补偿；弥补
• The company had to make reparation to those who suffered ill health as a result of chemical pollution. 这间公司不得不向那些受化学污染危害而健康状况不佳的人士作出赔偿。
n. 赔偿；修理；赔款
 - satisfaction, renovation

Word: recur
Front: recur
[rɪˈkɜ:(r)] (研六托 13001/9676 -1)
Vocabulary: recur
(once / 504 pages)
1v 2v
Have you ever had the same crazy dream night after night? If so, you know that dreams can recur, meaning they repeat, or happen again.
The verb recur is used to describe something that happens over and over, whether it’s an injury, an argument, or a character who pops up from time to time on a television show. Recur often describes an event that happens repeatedly, but it can also be used to describe something, such as an image or a memory, that for some reason just keeps popping back up in your mind, like self-doubt that recurs every time you worry about something.
WORD FAMILY
recur: recured, recurred, recurrence, recurrent, recurring, recurs+/ recurrence: recurrences/ recurrent: recurrently/ recurring: recurringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is a recurring promise among presidential aspirants in South Korea.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the next morning, he was woken up by that recurring train whistle, which is somehow connected to his adolescent trauma.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Pictorial elements may be soft or hard, recurring or singular, outlined or not.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 再发生; 复发; 重现; 回想
时态：recurred, recurring, recurs
分布：重现(58%)，再发生(42%)
→re-,再，重新，-cur,跑，词源同 course,current.引申诸相关词义。
再发生,重现(re再次+cur→再次跑来)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
v.(尤指不好的事)一再发生;重现The event constantly recurred to me.那事件不断地浮现在我脑海里.
US [-'kɝ:] (-rr-)
verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to happen many times or to happen again 反复出现；再次发生；重新产生
• The theme of freedom recurs throughout her writing. 自由这一主题在她的写作中反复出现。
• If the pain/problem/trouble, etc. recurs, come and see me. 如果疼痛复发／问题再出现／再感不适等，就来找我。
vi. 复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归
 - relapse into, recrudesce

Word: zombie
Front: zombie
[ˈzɒmbi] (13047/23483)
Vocabulary: zombie
(once / 8775 pages)
n
If you've ever watched a zombie movie, you know that a zombie is a terrifying but slow-moving monster, a dead body that moves as if it's alive and has a taste for human flesh.
There is an entire literary genre that features zombies and the people who are hunting or fighting them off, as well as scores of films about zombies. A zombie is an ideal movie monster, horrible to look at and nearly impossible to kill. The word zombie comes from West Africa, related to both the Kikongo word zumbi, or "fetish," and the Kimbundu word nzambi, or "god."
WORD FAMILY
zombie: zombies
USAGE EXAMPLES
This sitcom returns from its winter hiatus, with the Hecks spending their New Year staving off a zombie apocalypse.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
This is one of five “zombie” games — featuring two teams walking the field after their playoff hopes are dead and buried.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And she claimed the devolution of new powers to Holyrood meant the Scotland Office was now a "zombie department".
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （某些非洲和加勒比地区的宗教及恐怖故事中）靠巫术起死回生的僵尸; 无生气的人，麻木迟钝的人
→来自西非某语言，原义为蛇神，后用以指僵尸。
US ['zɑ:m-] noun countable informal disapproving
■a person who has no energy, seems to act without thinking and does not notice what is happening around them 无生气的人；木讷呆板的人
• He just sat in front of the TV all day like a zombie. 他就像个呆子一样，一整天都坐在电视机前面。
■a dead person who is believed, in some Caribbean religions, to have been brought back to life by magic （加勒比地区某些宗教信仰中）靠巫术起死回生的僵尸，还魂尸

Word: prism
Front: prism
[ˈprɪzəm] (六 13056/21115)
Vocabulary: prism
(once / 2189 pages)
n
In geometry, a prism is a three-dimensional shape that has two bases that are parallel and the same size and shape. The prism's sides are all parallelograms. A classic pup tent is a triangular prism.
In optics, a prism is a piece of glass, quartz, plastic, or other material that can be used to refract light. A typical prism is triangular in shape, and when white light (like sunlight) is shown through it, the prism breaks the light into separate colors and displays it as a rainbow (color spectrum). Sir Isaac Newton experimented with prisms in the 1600s, and his work was the beginning of the modern period of both optics and the understanding of light.
WORD FAMILY
prism: prismatic, prismoid, prisms+/prismatic: prismatically/prismoid: prismoids
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also became a reader, which led him to view his incarceration through a political and economic prism.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“Any retaliatory measures were seen through the prism of what would happen on Election Day.”
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
But cinema is better at exploring than explaining, and the screen is more like a prism or a kaleidoscope than a mirror or a window.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 棱镜，棱晶; [数]棱柱体，角柱（体），[物]（结晶）柱; [物]分光光谱，光谱的七色，折光物体
分布：棱镜(81%)，棱柱(18%)，折光体(1%)
→来自拉丁语prisma,棱镜，棱柱，来自希腊语prizein,锯，锯开，词源同prion.
noun countable
■a transparent glass or plastic object which separates white light that passes through it into different colours 棱镜

Word: bigotry
Front: bigotry
[ˈbɪgətri] (托 12992/22501)
Vocabulary: bigotry
(once / 2400 pages)
n
If a person is intolerant of other ideas, races, or religions, we call that person a bigot. The intolerance expressed by that bigot is called bigotry. Bigotry is ugly.
There are different types of bigotry — like religious bigotry or racist bigotry. Although bigotry can mean any form of intolerance or prejudice, when the word is used alone, it is most often understood to mean racial bigotry. The bigotry behind Jim Crow laws that separated races in the 1950s seems unbelievable to most modern teenagers.
WORD FAMILY
bigot: bigoted, bigotry, bigots
USAGE EXAMPLES
But since then, Mummers and the city offered voluntary sensitivity training and Mummers leaders published an open letter condemning expressions and hate and bigotry.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With reports of rising incidents of Islamophobia and anti-Semitism during the 2016 campaign, activists will need to ramp up their efforts to counter bigotry.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They cater to bigotry and fear, which fly in the face of our country’s most precious values.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 偏执，顽固，偏执的行为; 盲从
分布：顽固(59%)，固执(36%)，顽迷(5%)
N-UNCOUNT
偏执；顽固
Bigotry is the possession or expression of strong, unreasonable prejudices or opinions.
例：He deplored religious bigotry.他强烈谴责了宗教偏执。
n. 偏执；顽固；盲从
 - stiffness, crankiness

Word: transistor
Front: transistor
[trænˈzɪstə(r)] (研四六雅 13031/10735 -1)
Vocabulary: transistor
(once / 10396 pages)
n
Use the noun transistor to describe the small metal device that helps send and amplify signals in a radio. Your grandpa might carry a transistor radio around on game day.
You may have heard of a transistor radio, or a portable radio that was produced in the 1950s after the development of transistors. These tiny devices made it possible for much smaller electronics to be made, like radios that people could carry in their hands. Transistors are still used in electronic products today. The word comes from the words transfer and resistor, because an electrical current in a transistor is transferred across a resistor, a two-terminal component of electronics.
WORD FAMILY
transistor: transistorise, transistorize, transistors+/transistorise: transistorised/transistorize: transistorized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Transistors, tiny electrical switches, are the fundamental unit that drives all the electronic gadgets we can think of.
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
Chip makers for decades packed double the number of transistors on chips every two years or so, a pattern known as Moore’s Law.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 28, 2016)
The transistor was born in the 1940s at AT&T’s Bell Labs.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 晶体管; 晶体管收音机，半导体收音机
分布：晶体管(90%)，晶体管收音机(10%)
→合成自 transfer,转移，resistor,电阻器。因该电子元件通过电阻器转移电流而得名。
n.晶体管;晶体管收音机My sister insists consistently on persistent resistance to transistor radios.妹妹一贯坚决主张持久抵制晶体管收音机.
US [-'zɪs.tɚ] noun countable
■a small electrical device containing a semiconductor , used in televisions, radios, etc. to control or increase an electric current 晶体管，电晶体
(also transistor radio) (informal trannie)
■a small radio containing transistors, used especially in the past （尤指旧时的）电晶体收音机
n. [电子] 晶体管（收音机）
 - tansistor

Word: sync
Front: sync
[sɪŋk] (13010/38515)
Vocabulary: sync
(once / 12989 pages)
v
Sync, short for "synchronize," is a verb for making things work together. When you lip-sync, you are moving your mouth to exactly match someone else's words spoken or sung at precisely the same time.
The verb sync, an abbreviation for "synchronize," appeared in 1929 to describe the matching of sound and picture in the new "talkies." The variation of being "in sync" appeared in 1961. The word now means any type of such matching up, including personal relationships. If you are "in sync" with another person, you are "on the same page," you get along easily. The phrase has also become popular with the growth of electronics such as computers, phones, and other communication devices that can be connected, or "synced."
WORD FAMILY
sync: synced, syncing, syncs
USAGE EXAMPLES
While research confirms the value of early- childhood advocates’ efforts, a hometown lawmaker observed that their work wasn’t necessarily in sync.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She added: "Any allegations that she planned to lip sync are just adding insult to injury."
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
An extra second will be added to the world's clocks on New Year's Eve in order to stay in sync with the Earth's rotation.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 同时，同步
时态：synced, syncing, syncs
分布：同步(91%)，一致(6%)，同时发生(3%)
(also synch) [sɪŋk] noun uncountable informal for
■ synchronization , see at synchronize
• He's putting himself forward as a president whose ideas are in sync with (= are suited to and show an understanding of) a nation demanding change. 他要向人们证明，自己是个思想能够顺应国家变革的总统。
in/out of sync
■If two things are in/out of sync, they reach the same or related stage at the same time/at different times. 同步／不同步的
n. 同步，同时
 - same time, hold-in
vi. 同时发生
 - coincide, contemporize

Word: postulate
Front: postulate
[ˈpɒstjuleɪt] (六托宝 13028/10534 -1)
Vocabulary: postulate
(once / 3420 pages)
vn
Assume something or present it as a fact and you postulate it. Physicists postulate the existence of parallel universes, which is a little mind-blowing.
Anyone who has suffered through geometry class is familiar with some of the greatest hits, like Euclid's postulate and the point-line-plane postulate. Those are propositions that have to be assumed for other mathematical statements to follow logically. As a verb (pronounced "POST-you-late") it describes the act of presenting an idea, theory, belief, or concept.
WORD FAMILY
postulate: postulated, postulates, postulating, postulation, postulator+/postulation: postulational, postulations/postulator: postulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kant’s key postulate was “the creation of an international community based on commerce and free trade.”
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Although scientists have yet to calculate the final depth, they postulate that it is a number that has not been seen in almost a century.
Salon(Nov 05, 2016)
There was and has been no solutions postulated for the consequences of those actions.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 假定; 提出要求; 视…为理所当然
n. 假定; 先决条件; 基本原理
时态：postulated, postulating, postulates
分布：假定(72%)，要求(18%)，基本条件(10%)
→来自拉丁语postulare,要求，声称，断言，来自poscere,请求，紧急要求，-t,过去分词格，来自Proto-Italic*porsko,来自prek,要求，请求，词源同precarious,pray,可能来自per,向前，前行，词源同ford,proceed.引申词义假设，假定等。
要求;假定存在[postul=demand(要求)]
【记】原指：提名为主教，先假定一个人是主教的动作－假定
【区】expostulate（v 劝诫；忠告）
【反】deny as false（否认为假）
US [ˈpɑː.stjə-/
■to suggest a theory, idea, etc. as a basic principle from which a further idea is formed or developed 假定，假设
• [+ that] It was the Greek astronomer, Ptolemy, who postulated that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. 就是希腊天文学家托勒密假定地球是宇宙的中心。
formal
noun countable UK [ˈpɒs.tjʊ.lət] US [ˈpɑː.stjə-/
■an idea that is suggested or accepted as a basic principle before a further idea is formed or developed from it 假定，假设
presume, suppose, guess, postulate, assume
这组词都有“假设，猜想，推测”的意思，其区别是：
presume: 侧重以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把某事认定为是事实。
suppose: 常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实，根据一些现象进行的推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示自己的意见。
guess: 常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
postulate: 指为证实一个理论的正确性而进行的假设。
assume: 指有很少或完全无根据的武断推测或不合逻辑的推理。
vt. 假定；要求；视…为理所当然
 - require, exact, desire
n. 基本条件；假定
 - perhaps, assumption

Word: boiled
Front: boiled
[bɔɪld] (13015/10054)
Back: adj. <俚>喝醉的; 煮沸的，煮熟的
v. （使）沸腾，开( boil的过去式和过去分词 ); 用开水煮，在沸水中煮; 怒火中烧，异常气愤
分布：煮熟的(89%)，动词boil的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
adjective
■(of food) cooked in water that is boiling 水煮的
• boiled eggs/bacon 煮鸡蛋／烟肉
• a hard-/soft-boiled egg (= one boiled for a long/short time) 煮得很老／嫩的鸡蛋
adj. 煮沸的，煮熟的
 - done, cooked
v. 煮（boil的过去式和过去分词）
 - cooked

Word: periodical
Front: periodical
[ˌpɪəriˈɒdɪkl] (研六托雅宝 12986/10183 -1)
Vocabulary: periodical
(once / 616 pages)
adjn
If your weekend ritual includes reading the Sunday paper from front to back and then comparing stories in the latest celebrity gossip magazines, you appreciate periodicals, publications that come out on a regular basis.
The word periodical is related to period, as in a certain length of time. Periodicals are published with regular lengths of time between issues and are described by that length of time, whether it's daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual. They may be meant for a general audience like the ones you find on the magazine stand in the airport, or they may be more specialized for readers with specific interests, such as The Journal of the Society for Penguin Appreciation or Window Washer Gazette.
WORD FAMILY
periodical: periodically, periodicals+/ period: periodical, periods
USAGE EXAMPLES
The following year a Boston periodical, the Myrtle, also claimed that Luther “composed the . . . hymn for his children.”
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
This was a book that I had loved all my life, and every year I used to read it, like a periodical medication.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
She soon took over Godey’s Lady’s Book, which she grew into America’s most popular periodical.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 期刊; 杂志
adj. 周期的，定期的; 时常发生的; 定期发行的，期刊的
分布：期刊(92%)，定期的(8%)
→来自periodic,周期性的。此处形容词作名词，引申词义周刊。
n.期刊,杂志a.周期的,定期的There are many periodicals in the library.图书馆里有许多期刊.
【记】periodic（adj 周期循环往复的）；period（n 时期；周期）
US [ˌpɪr.i'ɑ:.dɪ-] noun countable
■a magazine or newspaper, especially on a serious subject, that is published regularly （尤指学术）期刊
• She has written for several legal periodicals. 她为几本法律期刊撰稿。
journal, magazine, press, periodical, review, newspaper, publication
这组词都有“出版物或定期刊物”的意思，其区别是：
journal: 本义为“日报”，现在可指定期发生的周刊、月刊、季刊等或指学术团体出版的刊物、杂志或学报。
magazine: 指刊登各种文章、小说、诗歌、评议的杂志。
press: 系报刊总称，也指报界或报业。
periodical: 通常指除日报以外的定期出版刊物。
review: 多指登载评论性文章或讨论重大事件的文章的刊物。
newspaper: 一般指每日出版的报纸。
publication: 指出版物，发行物。
adj. [数] 周期的；定期的
 - regular, stated, time, cyclical
n. 期刊；杂志
 - magazine, journal, serial

Word: racing
Front: racing
[ˈreɪsɪŋ] (10760/7844 -K3)
Back: n. 速度比赛，赛跑，赛马，赛车等; 竞赛
adj. 专为比赛而设计或饲养的，比赛用的
vi. 赛马(race的ing形式); 竞赛
分布：赛马(73%)，竞赛(17%)，赛马用的(4%)，竞赛用的(4%)，动词race的现在分词.(2%)
noun uncountable
■competition in races （速度）比赛
• I enjoy cycling, but I'm not interested in racing. 我喜欢骑踏车，但是对脚踏车赛不感兴趣。
• I like watching horse/motor racing on television. 我喜欢看电视赛马／摩托车赛节目。
■horse races 赛马会
n. 赛马；竞赛
 - competition, match, contest
adj. 比赛的
 - competitive, played

Word: predispose
Front: predispose
[ˌpri:dɪˈspəʊz] (13004/15502)
Vocabulary: predispose
(once / 2934 pages)
v
Predispose means to have a tendency toward something. Some people believe that just being born in Canada will predispose you to love ice hockey.
Many situations or events can predispose you to have a particular reaction, opinion, or feeling. Being bitten by a dog as a child could predispose you to having a fear of dogs. Having ancestors with great athletic ability might predispose you to enjoy running. If you want to predispose your father to liking your new boyfriend, be sure to tell him about volunteering at the food bank and leave out the bits about his arrest and dropping out of school.
WORD FAMILY
predispose: predisposed, predisposes, predisposing, predisposition +/ disposable: disposables, nondisposable/ disposal: disposals/ dispose: disposable, disposal, disposed, disposes, disposing, disposition, indispose, predispose, redispose/disposed: disposedly/ disposition: dispositions/indispose: indisposed, indisposes, indisposing, indisposition/indisposition: indispositions/ predisposition: predispositions/redispose: redisposed, redisposes, redisposing, redisposition/redisposition: redispositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The draft guidelines for England say women predisposed to breast cancer because of a strong family history of the disease need this protection.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
She has a tattoo of a goat on her arm and was predisposed, Mr. Luby said, to anything goats.
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Scientists believe these conditions are triggered by some as-yet-unidentified factor in those who are genetically predisposed.
The Guardian(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 使预先有倾向; 使易接受; 使倾向于做; 使易于患（病）
时态：predisposed, predisposing, predisposes
分布：动词(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，dispose,安排。引申词义倾向于。
US [-'spoʊz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  predispose sb to/towards sth formal
■to make someone more likely to behave in a particular way or to suffer from a particular illness or condition 使（某人）倾向于；使（某人）易于感染
• Smoking predisposes you to lung cancer. 吸烟易导致肺癌。
• His family background predisposes him to support the Democrats. 他的家庭背景使他倾向于支持民主党。

Word: mane
Front: mane
[meɪn] (12988/15840 -1)
Vocabulary: mane
(once / 1451 pages)
n
Use the noun mane when you talk about an animal's ruff of neck hair. A male lion's mane can be very fluffy and dramatic.
A mane is a patch or growth of long hair, whether it's found on a lion or down the neck of a pony, or even on a human's head. You might stroke a horse's mane while sitting on its back, or you could compliment your friend on her beautiful mane of long blonde hair. The Old English root is manu, which comes from a Proto-Indo-European root, mon, which means "neck" or "nape of the neck."
WORD FAMILY
mane
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mane’s joy was short-lived when he conceded the game’s second penalty by blocking Sebastian Larsson’s free kick with his arm.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
If his former England striker was, once again, Moyes’s saviour, Liverpool’s Sadio Mané discarded two points with a ludicrous handball.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The storm-lashed lion whose windblown mane looks like he used too much hair product.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. （马颈背上、狮子脸部和颈部的）长鬃毛; ; 鬣
分布：浓密的头发(100%)
→来自古英语manu,鬃毛，马鬃，来自Proto-Germanic*mano,来自mon,突起，突出，脖子，脖颈，词源同mountain,eminent.
noun countable
■the long thick hair that grows along the top of a horse's neck or around the face and neck of a lion （马）鬃；（狮）鬣
■thick long hair on a person's head （人的）浓密的长发
• The painting depicts a beautiful young man with a flowing mane of red hair. 画中描绘了一位英俊的年轻人，留着一头飘逸的红色长发。

Word: furry
Front: furry
[ˈfɜ:ri] (托 13002/14379 -1)
Vocabulary: furry
(once / 5004 pages)
adj
Something that's furry is covered with fur, or a thick coat of hair. Unless she's one of the unusual hairless breeds, like a Sphinx, your cat is probably furry.
Most mammals are furry, in fact, while reptiles tend to be scaly instead. Santa Claus is famous not just for wearing a furry red and white suit, but also for having a long, furry beard. Anything with a surface that resembles fur is furry, from a furry sweater to the furry leaf of a plant.
WORD FAMILY
furry: furriest, furrily+/ fur: furlike, furry, furs, underfur
USAGE EXAMPLES
China tried to drive a furry mammal to extinction.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
First there was Buddy, a yellow Lab who was, essentially, a furry dumpster.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
A Hatchimal—a furry, walking, talking toy bird that hatches from a shell—will be waiting under the tree for her daughter.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 毛皮的，毛皮制的; 有皮毛般覆盖的; 有舌苔的; <美俚>可怕的，毛骨悚然的
级别：furrier, furriest
分布：毛皮的(48%)，似毛皮的(21%)，盖着毛皮的(14%)，沙哑的(10%)，有舌苔的(7%)
US ['fɝ:.i] adjective
■covered with fur 有毛皮覆盖的
• small furry animals 毛茸茸的小动物
■describes things that are made from a soft material that looks like fur 似毛皮的，仿毛皮的
• furry slippers 毛茸茸的拖鞋
• Rosie has a massive collection of furry toys. 罗茜有一大堆毛绒玩具。

Word: painkiller
Front: painkiller
[ˈpeɪnkɪlə(r)] (宝 13003/19407 -1)
Back: n. 止痛药
分布：止痛药(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■medicine used to reduce or remove physical pain 止痛药
• The body produces chemicals which are natural painkillers. 人体会产生一些化学物质，它们是天然的止痛剂。
n. 止痛药
 - killer

Word: roomy
Front: roomy
[ˈru:mi] (13064/20555)
Vocabulary: roomy
(once / 3171 pages)
adjn
If something has plenty of space, it's roomy. Your enormous dorm room is roomy, and the sweater that hangs halfway down your thighs is also roomy.
Roomy things are spacious or sizable — they're big. A roomy old house has enormous rooms and plenty of them, and roomy clothing is the apparel that's loose and comfortable. Sometimes, roomy is used as a noun, which is also spelled roomie, as shorthand for roommate. The seventeenth century version of the adjective was roomsome.
WORD FAMILY
roomy: roomier, roomies, roomiest, roomily, roominess+/ anteroom: anterooms/ room: anteroom, roomed, roomer, roomette, roomful, rooming, rooms, roomy /roomer: roomers/roomette: roomettes/roomful: roomfuls/rooms: roomss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, if you’re headed to a beach destination, a roomy outdoor area is key.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Its pockets are small enough to comfortably fit on the hip, yet roomy enough to hold the most vital tools.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
And, after the exhibit closes, the city’s actual Office of Arts and Culture will move into the roomy, raw third floor of King Street Station.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽敞的，宽大的
级别：roomier, roomiest
分布：宽敞的(80%)，广阔的(20%)
→来自 room,空间。
['ru:.mi] approving
adjective
■If something such as a house or car is roomy, it has a lot of space inside it. 宽敞的，空间大的，开阔的
adj. 宽敞的；广阔的；宽大的
 - extensive, vast, wider, spacious, capacious

Word: untold
Front: untold
[ˌʌnˈtəʊld] (雅宝 13034/18760 -1)
Back: adj. 未说过的; 未透露的; 说不尽的; 未叙述的，没有说到的
分布：形容词(95%)，名词(5%)
→un-, 不，非，told, 告知。即未告知的，也用于指难以描述清楚的，极大的。
【记】un不，told说：数不清的
【反】quantifiable（adj 可计量的）；calculable（adj 可预测的）；able to quantify（可以计算）
US [-'toʊld/ UK ['--] adjective
■so great in amount or level that it can not be measured or expressed in words （数量或水准）难以形容的；无数的；不可计量的；巨大的
• untold riches 钜额财富
• Words alone cannot convey the untold misery endured by people in these refugee camps. 单单文字是无法形容人们在难民营里所遭受的极度苦难。
adj. 数不清的；未说过的；未透露的；无限的
 - huge, infinite

Word: hangover
Front: hangover
[ˈhæŋəʊvə(r)] (13020/11622 -1)
Back: n. 宿醉（酒后醒来的头痛和不舒服）; 遗留的感觉（或风俗、习惯等）; <医>后遗症; 残余物
分布：宿醉(85%)，残留物(8%)，遗物(7%)
→比喻用法。参照电影《宿醉》。
US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun countable
ILLNESS 疾病
■a feeling of illness after drinking too much alcohol （大量饮酒后的）宿醉，不适反应
• I had a terrible hangover the next morning. 第二天上午我宿醉得很严重。
• a hangover cure 解宿醉的方法
⇒ See also hung-over
UK ['hæŋˌəʊ.vər] US [-ˌoʊ.vɚ] noun countable
CONTINUING 继续
■something that continues from an earlier time 遗留物
• The present political system is a hangover from the nineteenth century colonial era. 现行的政治制度是19世纪殖民时期遗留下来的。
n. [内科] 宿醉；残留物；遗物
 - residuum, morning after

Word: policing
Front: policing
[pəˈli:sɪŋ] (13014/8190)
Back: v. （警察、军队等）巡查( police的现在分词 ); 维护治安; （委员会等）监督; 管制
分布：警察(69%)，警方(19%)，监督(7%)，管辖(3%)，维持治安(2%)
N-SING-COLL
警察部门；警察机关；警方
The police are the official organization that is responsible for making sure that people obey the law.
例：The police are also looking for a second car...警方也在寻找另一辆车。
例：Police say they have arrested twenty people following the disturbances...警方说骚乱发生后他们已逮捕了20人。
N-PLURAL
警察
Police are men and women who are members of the official organization that is responsible for making sure that people obey the law.
例：More than one hundred police have ringed the area.这一地区已被上百名警察包围。
VERB
维持…的治安；守卫；保卫
If the police or military forces police an area or event, they make sure that law and order is preserved in that area or at that event.
例：...the tiny UN observer force whose job it is to police the border...承担守卫边界职责的一小支联合国观察员部队
例：The march was heavily policed.出动了大批警察维持游行示威的秩序。
VERB
管理；监督
If a person or group in authority polices a law or an area of public life, they make sure that what is done is fair and legal.
例：...IMRO, the self-regulatory body that polices the investment management business.投资管理监管组织，监督投资管理业务的自律机构
n. 流量监管，监控；维持治安，整顿
 - monitoring, reorganization

Word: repress
Front: repress
[rɪˈpres] (研托 13023/14291 -1)
Vocabulary: repress
(once / 486 pages)
1v 2v
Whether you're repressing a feeling, an idea or even a revolution you're almost always going to be taking advantage of the press in repress. To repress something is to "press it down" where it can't be seen, heard or even recognized.
Psychologists often try to help people recover memories that they've repressed so that they can feel free of them once and for all. What makes repress different from press is that repress is almost always used when you're talking about an idea, concept or something intangible. In other words, you repress, say, your emotions. You don't repress olives to get olive oil. However, you can repress someone or some group by intimidating them — like repressing the protesters by sending out cops on horseback.
WORD FAMILY
repress: repressed, represser, represses, repressing, repression, repressive +/ repressed: repressedly, unrepressed/represser: repressers/repressing: repressingly/ repression: repressions/ repressive: repressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty-six years later, “Freedom! 90” is still an essential rallying cry for just about repressed group seeking comfort, strength, inspiration, and resolve.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Said Mr. Kipp: “The regime’s use of force to repress demonstrations brought a wide range of resistance groups into the field.”
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 抑制; 镇压; 压抑
时态：repressed, repressing, represses
分布：抑制(51%)，镇压(33%)，压抑(16%)
→re-,向后，往回，press,按，压。引申词义克制，镇压等。
镇压;抑制(感情)(re回+press→压回去→镇压)[press=press表示"挤压"]
【记】源于：press（v /n 压）
【反】foster，（v 养育；鼓励）
verb transitive
■to not allow something, especially feelings, to be expressed 压抑，压制，克制（尤指感情）
• He repressed a sudden desire to cry. 他突然想哭，但他控制住了自己。
■to control what people do, especially by using force （尤指用武力）镇压，压制，制止
vt. 抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束
 - restrict, control, stay
vi. 抑制；镇压
 - choke back, to suppress

Word: speechless
Front: speechless
[ˈspi:tʃləs] (13000/15469)
Vocabulary: speechless
(once / 1047 pages)
adj
If you’re speechless, you can’t talk, usually because something surprising and crazy happened. You might be rendered speechless if you win the lottery or find a whale on your front lawn.
When you’re speechless, you’re at a loss for words. For example, people often say things like "I was speechless when I received the news about my brother!" or "The music left me speechless!" It’s an exaggeration. People use speechless in these cases to show how stunned or moved they were, even though they were probably still capable of speech. "I'm speechless" often really means "I'm shocked!"
WORD FAMILY
speechless: speechlessly, speechlessness+/ speech: speeches, speechify, speechless /speechifier: speechifiers/speechify: speechified, speechifier, speechifies, speechifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Speechless,” a sitcom about a family with a nonverbal child, knocks down more preconceptions about the world of disabilities with each episode.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“The colored lights,” answers Mary Hayden, 5, after several minutes of speechless wonder.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
During a break in filming, she meets her heroes and is speechless.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 无言的; （因惊愕）一时语塞的; 默然; 无言以对
分布：无言的(41%)，说不出话的(26%)，不会说话的(20%)，非言语能表达的(13%)
→speech,说话，-less,无，没有。
adjective
■unable to speak because you are so angry, shocked, surprised, etc. （因气愤、震惊、惊讶等）说不出话的，无语的，哑口无言的
• The news left us speechless. 那个消息让我们哑口无言。
• She was speechless with indignation. 她气得说不出话来。
adj. 说不出话的；哑的；非言语所能表达的
 - dumb, inarticulate

Word: tableau
Front: tableau
[ˈtæbləʊ] (13024/12973 -1)
Vocabulary: tableau
(once / 2381 pages)
n
A tableau is a dramatic picture. If you catch a glance into the Oval Office and see top advisers speaking to each other with intensity, you behold a dramatic political tableau.
Tableau comes from the old French for "picture, or painted target." We usually use tableau to describe a vivid living scene. If you are a journalist and want to describe the tension in a courtroom, you might write a verbal tableau of the judge, the jury, and the witness box. People used to entertain themselves by doing tableau vivant, or living pictures, by reenacting perfectly the frozen scene of a famous painting.
WORD FAMILY
tableau: tableaus, tableaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rink itself was placed on a tableau of the No. 100, signifying both the centennial season for both the Leafs and NHL.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Greely’s handcrafted tableaux do so by bringing the logic of dreams front and center.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In this image, the juxtaposition with the youngster on his bright red bike creates a bizarre yet compelling tableau.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 人构成的画面或场景; 活人画（舞台上活人扮的静态画面）; 戏剧性的场面
分布：画面(100%)
→来自法语 tableau-vivant,活的雕像，逼真的绘画，来自 tableau,图片，绘画，来自古法语 table, 石板，写字板，绘画板，词源同 table.-eau,小词后缀，对应英语后缀-elle.
US [-loʊ] (plural tableaux or tableaus)
noun countable
■an arrangement of people who do not move or speak, especially on a stage, who represent a view of life, an event, etc. （舞台上静止的）人物造型，场景，场面
n. 画面；活人画；戏剧性局面；生动的场面（复数tableaux）
 - frame, screenshots

Word: bombard
Front: bombard
[bɒmˈbɑ:d] (13039/13722 -1)
Vocabulary: bombard
(once / 842 pages)
1v 2n
To bombard is to attack, whether physically (with something like missiles) or metaphorically (with something like questions).
See the word bomb in bombard? That's a clue to its meaning. When a place is bombarded, an enemy could literally be dropping bombs on it. In the days of stoning, people were bombarded with rocks. A politician getting pestered with questions is also being bombarded. You could say a teacher who assigns a lot of homework is bombarding the class with assignments. Bombarding involves a series of attacks; one bomb or one question can't be described as a bombardment.
WORD FAMILY
bombard: bombarded, bombarding, bombardment, bombards+/ bombardment: bombardments, counterbombardment/counterbombardment: counterbombardments
USAGE EXAMPLES
On health websites, he was bombarded with recommendations to seek medication and electroshock treatment.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We are bombarded with food commercials on TV.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
Regardless, they hit it off, with the Daily Mail reporting that Harry was immediately smitten, and he “bombarded” Markle with texts.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 炮击，轰炸; <核>以高能量粒子或放射能冲击
n. 射石炮（古代的臼炮）
时态：bombarded, bombarding, bombards
分布：炮轰(40%)，攻击(36%)，射石炮(24%)
US [bɑ:m'bɑ:rd] verb transitive
■to attack a place with continuous shooting or bombs 连环炮击，轰炸
• The troops bombarded the city, killing and injuring hundreds. 部队连续炮击了该市，导致数百人伤亡。
UK [bɒm'bɑ:d] US [bɑ:m'bɑ:rd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bombard sb with sth
■to direct so many things at someone, especially to ask them so many questions, that they find it difficult to deal with them 拿…围攻（某人）；（尤指）向（某人）大量提问
• The children bombarded her with questions. 孩子们连珠炮似地问了她许多问题。
vt. 轰炸；炮击
 - gun shot

Word: tranquil
Front: tranquil
[ˈtræŋkwɪl] (六托 13037/11585 -1)
Vocabulary: tranquil
(once / 321 pages)
adj
When a place or your state of mind is peaceful, quiet and serene, it is tranquil.
Like a pond with no ripples, tranquil means calm and placid. A pleasant state of mind, with nothing to agitate or cause anxiety, can also be considered tranquil. As you struggle through your yoga poses, the teacher might annoyingly exclaim how tranquil you should be feeling, and when you and your siblings bicker over every little thing, your parents are wishing the house were more tranquil.
WORD FAMILY
tranquil: tranquiler, tranquilest, tranquilising, tranquility, tranquilize, tranquillise, tranquillising, tranquillity, tranquillize, tranquilly+/ tranquility: tranquilities/ tranquilize: tranquilized, tranquilizer, tranquilizes, tranquilizing/tranquilizer: tranquilizers/tranquillise: tranquillised, tranquilliser, tranquillises/ tranquillity: tranquillities/tranquillize: tranquillized, tranquillizes, tranquillizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some neighbors and visitors oppose the project, saying it will introduce a commercial enterprise into a tranquil park.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Delicate, wings folded, the insects looked so tranquil, like creatures here to stay.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
The atmosphere is as tranquil as the flowing Irrawaddy.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 安静的; 平静的; 宁静的
分布：宁静的(64%)，安静的(26%)，稳定的(6%)，不变的(4%)
→tran-,转移，进入，-quil,安静，词源同 quiet,quiescent.
US ['træn-] adjective
■calm and peaceful and without noise, violence, worry, etc. 安静的，平静的；安宁的
• She stared at the tranquil surface of the water. 她凝视着平静的水面。
• The hotel is in a tranquil rural setting. 饭店周围是静谧的乡村。
• A spasm of pain crossed his normally tranquil features. 一阵疼痛掠过他那平时平静的脸庞。
adj. 安静的，平静的；安宁的；稳定的
 - peaceful, pacific, quiet, calm, steady

Word: pungent
Front: pungent
[ˈpʌndʒənt] (托雅宝 13027/14455 -1)
Vocabulary: pungent
(once / 1948 pages)
adj
Use pungent to describe a taste or smell that gives a sharp sensation. "What is that pungent odor?" is a polite way of suggesting that someone in the room has BO.
The ultimate source of the word pungent is Latin pungere "to prick, sting." Ginger and mustard seed are examples of pungent spices. Limburger cheese has the distinction of being the most pungent of all cheeses. And if your pet has an accident in the house, there may be a pungent odor. And pungent can be used in a figurative sense: pungent language is stimulating and expressive.
WORD FAMILY
pungent: pungency, pungently +/pungency: pungencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its visible geothermal features are nowhere near as striking as Yellowstone’s geysers and consist mainly of above-ground, pungent smelling sulphur springs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Just before it leaves the kitchen, the strapping entree is dressed up with pungent cilantro, garlicky yogurt and fresh Thai chili peppers.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 辛辣的; 刺激性的; 苦痛的; 尖刻的
分布：辛辣的(45%)，刺鼻的(40%)，刻薄的(9%)，尖锐的(6%)
→来自拉丁语pungere,刺，叮，咬，来自pung,刺，击，打，词源同point,puncture.引申词义刺鼻的，一针见血的等。
刺鼻的;尖锐的(pung[=punct]+ent→尖的→尖锐的)[point,punct=point,make sharp,表示"点,变尖"]
刺鼻的(pung尖,刺+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】pung刺，ent－刺激的
adjective
■describes a very strong smell or taste, sometimes one that is unpleasantly strong （气味）刺鼻的；（味道）强烈的
• the pungent whiff of a goat 山羊发出的刺鼻膻味
• I sat down to a cup of wonderfully pungent Turkish coffee. 我坐下来喝了一杯味道浓醇的土耳其咖啡。
■literary
■describes speech or writing that is very strongly felt （话语或文章）尖刻的，尖锐的
• pungent criticism/commentary 尖刻的批评／评论
adj. 辛辣的；刺激性的；苦痛的；尖刻的
 - spicy, bitter

Word: centrality
Front: centrality
[sen'trælətɪ] (12978/16860)
Back: n. 中心; 中央; 向心性; 集中性
分布：中心(70%)，向心性(17%)，中央(13%)
ADJ
中央的;中心的
Something that is central is in the middle of a place or area.
例：...Central America's Caribbean coast...中美洲加勒比海沿岸
例：The disruption has now spread and is affecting a large part of central Liberia.混乱局面已经扩散，正在影响利比里亚中部的大片地区。
ADJ-GRADED
位于中央地带的;处于中心的;四通八达的
A place that is central is easy to reach because it is in the centre of a city, town, or particular area.
例：...a central location in the capital.首都的中心地带
ADJ
中央的;有最高决策权的
A central group or organization makes all the important decisions that are followed throughout a larger organization or a country.
例：There is a lack of trust towards the central government in Rome.人们对罗马的中央政府缺乏信任。
例：...the central committee of the Cuban communist party.古巴共产党中央委员会
ADJ-GRADED
最重要的;核心的
The central person or thing in a particular situation is the most important one.
例：Black dance music has been central to mainstream pop since the early '60s.自上世纪60年代以来，黑人舞曲一直是主流流行乐的核心。
例：...a central part of their culture.他们文化的核心部分
n. 中心；中央；向心性
 - focus, hub, middle

Word: bore
Front: bore
[bɔ:(r)] (研四六托雅宝 4946/5929 -K3)
Vocabulary: bore
(once / 88 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
If your friends fall asleep every time you open your mouth, you might be a bore — someone who makes the people around them bored.
In 1738, Voltaire wisely wrote, “The secret of being a bore is to tell everything.” But the word bore is less boring than you think, since it can function as both noun and verb. You can bore a hole into something by drilling through it with a tool, and you can also bore people by being excessively dull, repetitive, or tedious to be around. And don't forget the bore of a needle or gun barrel, which is the same as its diameter.
WORD FAMILY
bore: bored, borer, bores, boring, counterbore+/ bored: boredly, boredom / boredom: boredoms/borer: borers/ boring: boringly, boringness, borings/counterbore: counterbores
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly Sherlock avoids the boring cliche of other TV shows where guns are waved around as a threat but never actually fired.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
You'd expect the British embassy to choose something more boring, like Sting...
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
There was no immediate claim of responsibility for the attack, which bore the hallmarks of Islamic militants.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 令人厌烦; 钻孔; 用钻、挖或掘的方式打通
vi. 挖洞; 钻孔; 稳步前进; 挤过去
n. 使人讨厌的人[物]; 高潮; 膛径，口径; 钻子
时态：bored, boring, bores
分布：钻孔(49%)，使厌烦(14%)，讨厌的人(11%)，涌潮(8%)，挖掘(5%)，盯着看(5%)，开凿(4%)，麻烦事(2%)，动词bear的过去式.(2%)
→来自PIE *bher , 砍，切，钻。词源同break.
v.钻(孔),挖(洞);烦扰n.讨厌的人,麻烦事The boring boy bored ashore for ore core at the score.讨厌的男孩在海岸上的刻线处钻探矿核.
【反】entrance（v 使狂喜，迷惑）
US [bɔ:r] verb
FAIL TO INTEREST 未能引起兴趣
transitive
■to talk or act in a way that makes someone lose interest and become tired 使厌烦，使讨厌
• "Am I boring you?" she asked anxiously. “我让你厌烦了吗?”她焦急地问道。
bore sb silly
■to make someone feel very bored 使某人觉得无聊透顶
• We were all bored silly by the play. 这出戏让我们觉得无聊得要死。
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] verb
MAKE A HOLE 钻孔
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to make a hole in something using a tool 钻，挖，凿（洞）
• He used a drill to bore a hole in the wall. 他用钻子在墙上凿了一个洞。
• The workmen bored through the rock. 工人们凿穿了岩石。
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] verb
BEAR 承受 past simple of
■ bear
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bore into sb
■If someone's eyes bore into you, they look at you very hard and make you feel nervous. （令人紧张地）盯住（某人）
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] noun
NOT INTERESTING 讨厌
countable disapproving
■someone who talks too much about boring subjects 令人讨厌的人
• I had to sit next to Michael at dinner - he's such a bore. 晚饭时我不得不坐在米高旁边——他这人真讨厌。
only singular informal
■an activity or situation that is annoying or unpleasant 使人厌烦的事（或情况）
• Ironing is such a bore. 熨衣服真烦人。
• [+ -ing verb] It's an awful bore cooking a meal every night. 每晚都做饭是件特别讨厌的事。
• [+ to infinitive] It's such a bore to have to write this out all over again. 非得将这重新写出来可真烦人。
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] noun
HOLE 洞
countable (US usually gauge) specialized
■the cylindrical hole along the length of a pipe or tube, or the diameter (= measurement across the widest part) of this hole 内径，口径
• a narrow bore 窄口径
• a bore of 16 millimetres 16毫米的口径
UK [bɔ:r] US [bɔ:r] noun
WAVE 波浪
countable
■a very large wave that runs from the sea up a narrow river at particular times of year （海水涌入江河）涌潮，激潮
• the Severn Bore 塞文河（位于英国境内）涌潮
vi. [机] 钻孔
 - drill hole, counter sunk
vt. [机] 钻孔；使烦扰
 - drill hole, counter sunk
n. [机] 孔；令人讨厌的人
 - hole, aperture

Word: stardom
Front: stardom
[ˈstɑ:dəm] (托 13036/20193 -1)
Back: n. 演员们; 明星界; 明星地位; 群星
分布：明星地位(58%)，演员身份(42%)
→star,明星，-dom,表状态。
US ['stɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■fame 名声，声誉
• From childhood, Britney Spears seemed destined for stardom. 从童年起，小甜甜布兰妮似乎就注定了会大红大紫。

Word: over-the-counter
Front: over-the-counter
[ˈəuvəðəˈkauntə] None
Vocabulary: over-the-counter
(once / 9418 pages)
1adj 2adj
An over-the-counter drug is one you can buy without a prescription. Aspirin is an over-the-counter drug, but for antibiotics or other prescription drugs, you'll have to see the pharmacist.
Over-the-counter drugs can be bought without a doctor's permission. You don't even have to go to the pharmacy to get over-the-counter drugs, just march up to the counter and buy it. There are all kinds of over-the-counter drugs, like pain relievers, allergy medicine, or various types of heartburn relief. Generally, over-the-counter drugs are less potentially dangerous than prescription drugs, so they’re easier to buy.
WORD FAMILY
over-the-counter
USAGE EXAMPLES
Occasional use of over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream helps calm the itch.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
As a longtime over-the-counter broker I understand that this is a natural, and perhaps overdue, process.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The doctor suggested over-the-counter medication to control the fever.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （证券等）不通过交易所直接售给顾客的
分布：不需处方也可出售的(50%)，买卖双方直接交易的(50%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ.ðə'kaʊn.tɚ] adjective
■an over-the-counter drug is bought from a shop without visiting a doctor first （药品）非处方的，无需处方也可买到的
• an over-the-counter medicine 非处方药

Word: miscarriage
Front: miscarriage
[ˈmɪskærɪdʒ] (雅 13038/11700)
Vocabulary: miscarriage
(once / 3881 pages)
1n 2n
A miscarriage, in medical terms, is the birth of a fetus before it's able to live independently of its mother. In other words, a miscarriage is the abrupt, early end of a pregnancy.
The medical sense of miscarriage, which usually describes the very early loss of a pregnancy (later losses are often called stillbirths), is actually among the newer uses of the word. In the sixteenth century, a miscarriage was almost always a "mistake or error" or sometimes "misbehavior." Today, when something doesn't go the way it was supposed to, you might call it a miscarriage.
WORD FAMILY
miscarriage: miscarriages+/ carriage: carriages, undercarriage/ carrier: carriers/ carry: carriage, carried, carrier, carries, carrying, miscarry/miscarry: miscarriage, miscarried, miscarries, miscarrying/undercarriage: undercarriages
USAGE EXAMPLES
His son was too old for Mr Scully-Sloan to benefit from the help of miscarriage or stillbirth organisations.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
One miscarriage of justice, caused by one stubborn juror, would be easier to swallow if not for all the rest.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
But after a miscarriage, on the first day of every period I'm crippled with constant back and pelvic pain, and mini contractions.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 流产，早产; （信件等的）误投，误送; 失策，失败
分布：流产(86%)，失败(9%)，误投(4%)，误审误判(1%)
→来自miscarry,流产，-age,名词后缀。
US [-ˌker-] noun countable or uncountable
■an early unintentional end to a pregnancy when the baby is born too early and dies because it has not developed enough 流产
• The amniocentesis test carries a significant risk of miscarriage. 羊膜穿刺测试很可能会造成流产。
• I had two miscarriages before I gave birth to my daughter. 生我女儿之前，我曾两度流产。
Compare abortion ; stillbirth
n. [妇产] 流产；失败；误送
 - failure, loss, losing, defeat, reverse

Word: assembled
Front: assembled
[ə'sembld] (13048/11249)
Back: v. 集合，收集( assemble的过去式和过去分词 ); 装配，组合
分布：组合的(34%)，装配的(33%)，聚集的(22%)，动词assemble的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
V-ERG
（使）集合;（使）聚集;（使）集会
When people assemble or when someone assembles them, they come together in a group, usually for a particular purpose such as a meeting.
例：There wasn't even a convenient place for students to assemble between classes...在课间，学生们连一个方便凑在一起的地方都没有。
例：Thousands of people, mainly Zulus, assembled in a stadium in Thokoza...数以千计的人，主要是祖鲁族人，聚集在托考查的一个体育场里。
VERB
集合;组装;装配
To assemble something means to collect it together or to fit the different parts of it together.
例：Greenpeace managed to assemble enough boats to waylay the ship at sea...绿色和平组织设法聚集起足够数量的小船在海上拦截该船。
例：She had been trying to assemble the bomb when it went off in her arms...在她试图组装炸弹时，炸弹在她怀里爆炸了。
v. [机] 装配（assemble的过去分词）；集合
 - convened
adj. 组合的； [机] 安装的
 - combined, installed

Word: scapegoat
Front: scapegoat
[ˈskeɪpgəʊt] (托雅 13052/14345 -1)
Vocabulary: scapegoat
(once / 5198 pages)
n
The Bible depicts a ritual in which a goat is sent out into the desert bearing the faults of the people of Israel. The word scapegoat first occurred in the earliest English translation of the Bible, and it has come to mean any individual punished for the misdeeds of others.
When a politician gets caught lying, he or she might use an assistant as a scapegoat. Somehow the lie will wind up being the assistant's fault. Your mom might tell you to use her as a scapegoat if you need to. So if your friends want you to go to a wild party and you don't want to, you should tell them your mom won't let you. That way, they will be mad at her and not at you. A fall guy is similar to a scapegoat, but it is mostly used if your scheme has been found out and one of your group of schemers must take the consequences.
WORD FAMILY
scapegoat: scapegoats
USAGE EXAMPLES
In all likelihood, he’ll offer rhetoric and scapegoats and stunts, while delivering little in the way of tangible gains.
Slate(Dec 29, 2016)
One, the administration will start searching for scapegoats other than Trump’s own party and its choices.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Or are the NGOs just the latest scapegoats for Europe’s growing migrant crisis?
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 代人受过的人，替罪羊; 替身
vt. 使…成为替罪羊
分布：替人顶罪者(60%)，使 ... 成为替罪羊(20%)，替罪的羔羊(20%)
→缩写自 escape,逃跑，goat,羊。来自圣经中的宗教典故，古犹太人将每年的七月十日定为“赎 罪日”，并在这一天举行赎罪祭。其中通过拈阄决定两只公羊的命运，一只杀了作祭品，另 一只由大祭司将双手按在羊头上，宣称犹太民族在一年中所犯下的罪过，已经转嫁到到这头 羊身上。接着，使把这头替罪羊放逐到旷野，即将人的罪过带入无人之境，最后，把那赎罪 的羊烧死，因而引申词义替罪羊。见百度百科。
【记】escape＋goat＝逃走的山羊：在赎罪日那天，亚伦将以色列儿童的罪恶归结到一只活羊的头上，象征性地将带有他们罪过的山羊逐之荒野。
US [-goʊt] noun countable
■a person who is blamed for something that someone else has done 代罪羔羊；代人受过的人
• The captain was made a scapegoat for the team's failure. 队长成了球队失败的代罪羔羊。
n. 替罪羊，替人顶罪者；替身
 - goat, stand-in

Word: telltale
Front: telltale
[ˈtelteɪl] (13046/36552)
Vocabulary: telltale
(once / 6762 pages)
adjn
Something that's telltale accidentally relays important information. A wise parent can tell who ate the last of the birthday cake by the telltale chocolate smudges on the culprit's face.
The telltale dark circles under your teacher's eyes betray how little sleep he got last night, and a telltale bulge in a shopper's pocket is sometimes enough for a store owner to suspect she's a shoplifter. If it's telltale, its very presence reveals something. A famous occurrence of telltale, although it's spelled with a hyphen, is Edgar Allen Poe's story "The Tell-Tale Heart," about a murderer who imagines he's betrayed by the telltale beating of his victim's heart.
WORD FAMILY
telltale: telltales
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a telltale sign of someone from poor...
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Beyond such telltales, however, the complexity of the job works against presidential longevity these days.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Wearing the miner’s telltale blue pants with reflective strips on the legs, Prater would be heading underground that night.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 搬弄是非的; （机械装置）起监督作用的; 泄露秘密的; 能说明问题的
n. 搬弄是非者; 指示器; <海>舵角指示器; 警告悬条标（铁路用标志，表示前有旱桥等）
分布：迹象(41%)，告密者(18%)，指示器(13%)，报警的(9%)，搬弄是非的(9%)，无法掩饰的(6%)，泄露内情的(4%)
→tell,告知，tale,故事。比喻用法。
adjective [before noun]
■allowing a secret to become known 泄露秘密的
• She found lipstick on his shirts - the telltale sign that he was having an affair. 她发现他的衬衫上有口红印，这说明他有外遇。
adj. 报警的；泄密的；搬弄是非的
 - mischief-making
n. 迹象； [仪] 指示器；搬弄是非者
 - sign, breath, evidence, indicator

Word: mindless
Front: mindless
[ˈmaɪndləs] (13058/13830 -1)
Back: adj. 愚笨的; 不小心的; 无心的，无意识的; 不顾…的
分布：愚蠢的(60%)，不顾虑的(20%)，不留神的(10%)，无需动脑的(10%)
→mind,思想，思维，-less,无，没有。引申词义无头脑的，盲目的。mindless 无头脑的，盲目的
adjective disapproving
■stupid and meaning nothing 没头脑的，愚蠢的；盲目的
• The film is full of mindless violence. 这部电影充斥着无谓的暴力。
• pop songs with mindless lyrics 歌词空洞无物的流行歌曲
■not needing much mental effort 无需动脑筋的
• I'm afraid it's fairly mindless work - opening mail and keying data into a computer. 恐怕这项工作基本上不用动脑筋——查看邮件，将资料输入电脑。
adj. 愚蠢的；不小心的；不需要动脑筋的；不顾虑的
 - foolish, stupid, silly, mad

Word: rightful
Front: rightful
[ˈraɪtfl] (13054/11388 -1)
Vocabulary: rightful
(once / 1084 pages)
adj
Something that's rightful is deserved or legitimate. If you accidentally grab someone else's coat when you leave school, you'll have to bring it back and return it to its rightful owner.
You'll frequently find rightful describing the word owner: "Police were quickly able to return the puppy to its rightful owner after the hoodlum grabbed it from the back yard." Anything or anyone with a legal right to something is considered rightful, so a newly elected U.S. president takes their rightful place as leader of the country as soon as they're sworn in.
WORD FAMILY
rightful: rightfully, rightfulness+/ right: righted, righter, rightest, rightful, righting, rightish, rightism, rightly, rightmost, rightness, rights/rightism: rightist/rightist: rightists/rightness: rightnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Tigers, who last won it all in 1981, hope to claim what they see as their rightful place in college football.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“He was proud of his nation and was a real believer in Turkey’s rightful place in Europe,” Mr. Ivanovich said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 合法的; 正当的; 正直的
分布：合法的(71%)，正确的(20%)，依法享有权利的(9%)
adjective
■A rightful position or claim is one which is morally or legally correct 公正的；合法的；正当的
• Don't forget that I am the rightful owner of this house. 不要忘记我是这所房子的合法主人。
adj. 合法的；正当的；公正的；正直的
 - legal, judicial, valid, legitimate, straight

Word: trumpet
Front: trumpet
[ˈtrʌmpɪt] (研四六托雅宝 8936/8849 -2)
Back: n. 喇叭; 小号; [乐]音栓; 喇叭似的声音
vt. 大声说出或宣告
vi. 吹喇叭，吹小号; 发出回声
时态：trumpeted, trumpeting, trumpets
分布：喇叭(57%)，吹喇叭(13%)，吹嘘(9%)，宣扬(6%)，鼓吹(6%)，喇叭声(5%)，喇叭手(3%)，发出喇叭似的声音(1%)
→trump,喇叭，-et,小词后缀。
n.喇叭,小号The lump jumped off the pump and bumped on the trumpet in the dump.傻大个跳下水泵撞到垃圾堆里的喇叭上.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a brass musical instrument consisting of a metal tube with one narrow end, into which the player blows, and one wide end. Three buttons are pressed in order to change notes. 小号；喇叭
['trʌm.pɪt] verb
ANIMAL CALL 动物叫声
intransitive
■(of a large animal, especially an elephant) to produce a loud call （尤指象等大型动物的）吼声
• We could hear the elephants trumpeting in the distance. 我们可以听见远处大象的吼声。
['trʌm.pɪt] verb
ANNOUNCE 宣布
transitive mainly disapproving
■to announce or state something proudly to a lot of people 吹嘘；鼓吹
• The museum has been loudly trumpeting its reputation as one of the finest in the world. 该博物馆一直在大肆吹嘘自己是世界上最好的博物馆之一。
• Their much- trumpeted price cuts affect only 5% of the goods that they sell. 他们极力吹嘘的降价只涉及到所卖商品的5%。
bugle, trumpet
这组词都有“喇叭，小号”的意思，其区别是：
bugle: 一般指军队中吹信号用的小喇叭。
trumpet: 泛指一般由黄铜做的喇叭，不拘大小而言。
n. 喇叭；喇叭声
 - horn, loudspeaker
vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘
 - crow about, brag about
vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音
 - blow job

Word: sarcastic
Front: sarcastic
[sɑ:ˈkæstɪk] (研托宝 13030/14939 -1)
Vocabulary: sarcastic
(once / 1015 pages)
adj
Sarcastic humor mocks or ridicules, usually by saying the opposite of what is actually meant. The talent-show judge who rolls his eyes at your dancing, smirks, and says, "You ought to be on Broadway" is a sarcastic person.
Sarcastic comes from the Greek word sarkazhein, which literally means "tear the flesh." Maybe that's why we also refer to our talent-show judge's remark as "cutting." When someone's being sarcastic, sometimes it's the tone, facial expression, or body language that let you know — like when our talent-show judge says exaggeratedly, "Great job! I almost confused you for Pavarotti," as he gives you a thumbs-down.
WORD FAMILY
sarcastic: sarcastically, unsarcastic+/ sarcasm: sarcasms, sarcastic
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m trying to be a good sport here,” she said, adding her own sarcastic review of the performance.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Unlike “sarcastic” or “snarky,” which imply a certain authority, “sassy” suggests impudence.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Pope’s sarcastic rules to achieving bathos in poetry were a clear attack on the aesthetic and moral climate of his time.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 讥讽的，讽刺的，挖苦的
分布：讽刺的(100%)
→来自 sarcasm,讽刺，挖苦，-astic,形容词后缀。
a.讽刺的Her sarcastic remarks hurt me badly.她讥讽的话严重地伤了我的心.
US [sɑ:r-/ (UK informal sarky)
adjective
■using sarcasm 讽刺的，嘲笑的，挖苦的
• a sarcastic comment/remark 尖刻的评论／话
• Are you being sarcastic? 你这是在挖苦吗？
adj. 挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的
 - bitter, spicy

Word: pulmonary
Front: pulmonary
[ˈpʌlmənəri] (13016/17278)
Vocabulary: pulmonary
(once / 5045 pages)
adj
Pulmonary means of or relating to the lungs. A pulmonary specialist is a doctor who treats lung problems.
Once you know that pulmonary means "relating to the lungs," you know pretty much all there is to know. It will give you a lot more insight into whatever doctor's visits are coming up, because you will know that your pulmonologist is your lung doctor, your pulmonary artery is the one carrying blood to your lungs, and if you have a problem with pulmonary circulation, it means that you aren’t getting enough blood to your...you guessed it, lungs.
WORD FAMILY
pulmonary: intrapulmonary
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cause was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, said a son, Tom MacIssac.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The cause was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, said a sister, Carol Porter.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
She has died from a pulmonary edema, or “dry drowning”.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 肺的，肺部的; 有肺[肺状器官]的，肺状的; 患肺部疾病的，易患肺部疾病的; 肺活量
分布：肺的(49%)，肺部的(37%)，肺状的(14%)
→来自拉丁语pulmo,肺，来自希腊语pleumon,肺，来自pleu,流动，漂流，词源同flow,pneumonia.其词义演变可能是肺较轻，其它器官如心，脏，肾等都会沉入水中，而肺能在水上漂浮。比较lung.
US [-ner.i] specialized
adjective
■relating to the lungs (= organs used for breathing) 肺的
• the pulmonary artery 肺动脉
adj. 肺的；有肺的；肺状的
 - pneumonic

Word: mire
Front: mire
[ˈmaɪə(r)] (雅宝 13062/19852)
Vocabulary: mire
(once / 1220 pages)
nv
A mire is mushy ground like quicksand, so if you feel yourself trapped in a sticky situation, consider yourself mired. One gets mired IN something — like in a dispute or in a love triangle.
Mire still has its original, though less-used, sense of a slushy, muddy bit of land that gives way underfoot, also known as a quagmire. One of the most famous mires in literary history was the one haunted by the Hound of the Baskervilles in Conan Doyle's classic. Have the fibs you told your beloved come back to haunt you? You're stuck in a mire then, a treacherous situation it's going to be pretty hard to squirm out of.
WORD FAMILY
mire: mired, mires, miring, miry+/miry: mirily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw his fellow-citizens as being naturally bathetic—striving for spiritual grandeur while ultimately mired in everyday, material concerns.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
The same reasoning might apply to the Afghan government, which is mired in political crisis and a long-running war.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The Sounders were mired in ninth place in the Western Conference at 6-12-2.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. <尤文>泥潭
vt. & vi. 深陷
时态：mired, miring, mires
分布：泥沼(51%)，困境(37%)，泥泞(12%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*miuzja,沼泽，来自meus,泥沼，污泥，词源同moss,mysophobia.
【记】mi密，re热：又密又热的地方－沼泽；困境。
【反】extricate（v 使解脱；救出；使(气体)游离；放出）
US [maɪr] noun
WET EARTH 泥沼
countable usually singular
■an area of deep wet sticky earth 泥潭；沼泽；泥沼
UK [maɪər] US [maɪr] noun
BAD SITUATION 困境
only singular literary
■an unpleasant situation which is difficult to escape 困境
• We must not be drawn into the mire of civil war. 我们一定不能被拖进内战的泥潭中。
n. 泥潭； [地理] 泥沼
 - moss
vi. 陷于泥坑；陷入困境
 - get into hot water, get into a jam
vt. 使陷于泥坑；使陷入困境
 - embog

Word: burly
Front: burly
[ˈbɜ:li] (13035/15559 -1)
Vocabulary: burly
(once / 1711 pages)
adj
The adjective burly describes someone (usually male) who is muscular and beefy. Types of people that you might describe as burly? Football players, wrestlers, and bouncers at nightclubs.
The word burly is a synonym for words like husky, brawny, and muscular. The differences between the words can be subtle. Although they can all describe someone with beefy muscles, people tend not to think of burly as describing someone who has a lean, athletic muscular build. Burly is more often used to describe the guy that has a massive, muscular build, where his muscle may be tending toward fat.
WORD FAMILY
burly: burlier, burliest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tennant — burly and nearly six feet tall, wearing jeans, a plaid flannel shirt and a baseball cap — did not resemble a typical Taft client.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Tucker voiced his displeasure often while guarding Wiggins, with officials not letting him play as physical as the burly forward likes to on that end.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Burly, with a dark, full beard, O'Toole's character is considerably different than the wispy Lawrence of Arabia he'd played six years earlier.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 结实的，健壮的; 直率的，直截了当的; 粗鲁的
级别：burlier, burliest
分布：魁梧的(54%)，结实的(46%)
→词源不详。可能来自PIE *bhergh, 高，高山，同burg, 城堡。
US ['bɝ:-] adjective
■describes a man who is large and strong 高大结实的，魁梧的
• a burly policeman 魁梧的员警
adj. 结实的；率直的；粗鲁的
 - solid, robust, pointed, crude, firm

Word: first-rate
Front: first-rate
[fɜ:st reɪt] (六 -1)
Back: adj. 第一流的; 最上等的; 最高级的
adv. <口>很好，极好; 非常好地
分布：第一流的(74%)，一流地(13%)，最佳的(13%)
US [ˌfɝ:st-] adjective
■extremely good 一流的；优秀的
• a first-rate restaurant 一流的餐厅
prime, first-rate, choice, select, splendid, excellent
这组词都有“极好的”的意思，其区别是：
prime: 常指最重要、价值最高的东西，也可以表示最佳、最典型或最高的人或物。
first-rate: 多用于指对抽象事物的主观评估，有时含夸大、自负的意味。
choice: 指通过精心挑选达到水平，尤指罕见或品质精良的商品。
select: 指精挑细选出来作为范例的物或人。
splendid: 口语常用词，指非常令人满意，显得完美无缺。
excellent: 通常指事物在等级品位以及职位级别等方面的最优或接近最优。
adj. 第一流的；最上等的
 - classical, royal, champion
adv. 非常好地；极佳
 - tiptop

Word: defensively
Front: defensively
[di'fɛnsivli] (13043/14696)
Back: adv. 防御地；守势地
分布：守势地(50%)，防御地(50%)
ADJ
防御（性）的;防卫（用）的;保护的
You use defensive to describe things that are intended to protect someone or something.
例：The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids...政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。
例：The union leaders were pushed into a more defensive position by the return of a Republican Congress in November.由于 11 月份共和党重新控制了国会，工会领导人被推到更加被动防守的位置。
ADJ-GRADED
（表现在行为上）防御的，戒备的，卫护的
Someone who is defensive is behaving in a way that shows they feel unsure or threatened.
例：Like their children, parents are often defensive about their private lives.就像子女一样，父母也常常很注重保护他们的私生活。
例：She heard the blustering, defensive note in his voice and knew that he was ashamed.她听出他话音里的气势汹汹和自我卫护，知道他感到了羞愧。
PHRASE
处于防御姿态;处于守势
If someone is on the defensive, they are trying to protect themselves or their interests because they feel unsure or threatened.
例：Accusations are likely to put the other person on the defensive...谴责很可能会引发对方自我防卫的反应。
例：He smiled, not wanting to put the man on the defensive.他笑了笑，不想让那个人产生抵触情绪。
ADJ-GRADED
(体育运动中的打法)防守（型）的
In sports, defensive play is play that is intended to prevent your opponent from scoring goals or points against you.
例：I'd always played a defensive game, waiting for my opponent to make a mistake.我总是采取防守型的打法，等待对手出错。

Word: gymnasium
Front: gymnasium
[dʒɪmˈneɪziəm] (中研四六雅 13057/15478 -1)
Vocabulary: gymnasium
(once / 4355 pages)
n
A gymnasium is a place people go to exercise or participate in sports. Your neighborhood gymnasium might be a good place to play basketball, pump iron, or to check out the other gym rats.
The more common gym is a shortened form of gymnasium. Most schools have a gymnasium, a room where physical education classes are held and games like dodge ball and volleyball can be played. People also belong to private gymnasiums, where they take yoga classes and run on treadmills and lift weights. In Latin, gymnasium means "school for gymnastics," from the Greek gymnasion, "public place where athletic exercises are practiced."
WORD FAMILY
gymnasium: gymnasia, gymnasiums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Student Antonio Falcon told New England Cable News the flies were in the cafeteria, gymnasium and hallways.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Just as the two finally meet at the school gymnasium, another teen armed with a rifle appears in the doorway, sending students fleeing.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Inside the gymnasium, other refugees from the fire were resting on cots or sharing stories of loss with neighbors.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 健身房，体育馆; 大学预科，高级中学
分布：体育馆(79%)，健身房(21%)
→来自希腊语gymnos, 裸体，裸体健身者，现指健身馆。因在古希腊时期，人们习惯裸体锻炼，以展示人体之美。参照各古希腊裸体雕像。
体育馆(脱衣服锻炼的地方)[gymn=naked裸体的]
n.(gym)体育馆,健身房The astronaut, an astronomy fan, is astonished at the gymnastics show in the gymnasium.宇航员(一位天文学迷)对体育馆里的体操表演感到惊骇.
[dʒɪm'neɪ.zi.əm] (also gym) formal
noun countable
■a large room with weights for lifting, horizontal bars and other equipment for exercising the body and increasing strength 体育馆；健身房
playground, stadium, court, gymnasium
这组词都有“运动场，操场”的意思，其区别是：
playground: 一般指附属于学校或公园内的活动场地，也可指游乐场或儿童游戏场地。
stadium: 指周围有看台的露天大型运动场。
court: 通常指周围有围墙的专用球场。
gymnasium: 可简写为gym，指不受天气影响的室内体育馆、健身房或运动场馆。
n. 体育馆；健身房
 - gym, sports palace

Word: mmm
Front: mmm
[m] (13091/16785)
Back: abbr. merchandising; marketing; military medical mobilization 军事医疗动员; millimicron(s) 毫微米
分布：嗯(100%)

Word: sling
Front: sling
[slɪŋ] (宝 9834/10377 -1)
Back: n. 吊索，鞋带; 投石器; 投掷; [医]悬带
vt. 吊起，悬挂; 投掷; 遣送，押往
时态：slung, slinging, slings
分布：吊索(37%)，投石器(16%)，悬带(12%)，悬挂(9%)，吊起(8%)，投掷(6%)，抛(6%)，遣送(2%)，斯林酒(2%)，驱逐(2%)
→来自古诺斯语 slyngva,扔，投掷，来自 Proto-Germanic*slingwana,旋转，扭转，来自 slenk, 扭转，转动，可能来自 skel,弯，转，相关于 sker,弯，转，词源同 shrimp,scoliosis. 引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：fling（v /n 投掷）
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
THROW 扔 informal
■to throw or drop something carelessly （随便）扔，丢
• Don't just sling your bag on the floor! 别把你的袋子随便扔在地板上！
• If any of the letters aren't interesting just sling them in the bin. 如果那些信没有半封有趣的就扔进垃圾桶好了。
• I'll just sling together a few things (= put what I need to take with me in a bag) and I'll be ready to go. 我收拾几件东西，马上就可以出发。
■mainly UK informal
■to throw or give something to someone 把…扔给，把…扔向
• [+ two objects] Sling me a pen, will you? 能扔支钢笔给我吗？
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
HANG 挂
■to hang something over something, especially in a careless way （尤指随意地）挂
• I usually sling my jacket over the back of my chair. 我通常把夹克挂在椅背上。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
sling your hook UK slang
■to leave 走开，滚蛋
• She told him to sling his hook. 她叫他走开。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sb out mainly UK informal
■to make someone leave a place because they have behaved badly 把（某人）除名，开除（某人）
• She was slung out of college because she never did any work. 因为从不学习，她被学校开除了。
[slɪŋ] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition (slung, slung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sling sth out mainly UK informal
■to get rid of something unwanted 处理掉，扔掉
• What about these old magazines? Shall I just sling them out? 这些旧杂志怎么办?我该把它们扔了吗？
[slɪŋ] noun countable
■a device which uses a strap, piece of cloth or ropes for supporting, lifting or carrying objects 背带，吊索
• The cylinder was lifted from the seabed in a sling. 圆筒被用吊索吊离海底。
■a device for supporting a broken or damaged arm in which the arm is held in front of the body in a piece of cloth which is tied around the neck （用以支撑伤臂的）悬带，吊腕带
• I had my arm in a sling for six weeks. 我的手臂用悬带吊了六个星期。
■a device like a bag for carrying a baby which is tied to the front or the back of an adult's body （背婴儿的）背兜
■a simple weapon used mainly in the past in which a strap held at the ends was used for throwing stones （旧时用作武器的）投石器，弹弓
n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷
 - riser cable, headwear
vt. 用投石器投掷；吊起
 - trice

Word: panorama
Front: panorama
[ˌpænəˈrɑ:mə] (研雅宝 13033/13930 -1)
Vocabulary: panorama
(once / 1508 pages)
n
A panorama is a wide, unbroken view, or a picture of one. Pay more for your hotel room in Hawaii and you'll likely get a balcony with a picture perfect panorama of the ocean.
The noun panorama was coined in 1789 by the inventor and artist Robert Barker to describe “a complete view.” These days you can click the panorama setting on your camera to capture an extra wide vista or scene. Don’t confuse panorama with diorama: They sound similar, but remember that a panorama is the view and a diorama is the viewing device.
WORD FAMILY
panorama: panoramas, panoramic +/ panoramic: panoramically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It all looks so different from the triumphant panorama presented more than two decades ago when the European Union was expanding.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As for her own front door, it’s a changing panorama throughout the season.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
“My father died on the way to the hospital,” Amsha said, his face anguished as he gazed at the panorama of destruction.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 全景画; 全景照片; 一连串景象或事; 概论
分布：全景(83%)，全景画(13%)，概观(3%)，一连串景象或事物(1%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-orama,来自希腊语horama,看，景观，景致，来自wer,看，感知，词源同ware,ward.
全景,概观(pan+orama视力→视力所及→全景)[pan-表示"广泛的"]
n.全景,全景画,全景摄影,全景照片[装置]I am reading a panorama of American history.我在看美国通史.
【记】pan全，ora说，ma妈－妈妈全部说出来－全景；详细描述
【参】pantheon（n 万神殿）；pantomime（n 手势；哑剧）
【反】narrow（n 狭窄部分；adj 狭窄的）
US [-ə'ræm.ə] noun countable
■a view of a wide area 全景
• From the hotel roof you can enjoy a panorama of the whole city. 从饭店楼顶上你可以欣赏到城市的全景。
■a view, description or study of events or activities 全貌，概述，概论
• The investigation revealed a panorama of corruption and illegal dealings. 调查揭露了腐败和非法交易的全貌。
n. 全景，全貌；全景画；概论
 - panoramic view, overall view

Word: trustworthy
Front: trustworthy
[ˈtrʌstwɜ:ði] (托雅宝 13072/14363 -1)
Vocabulary: trustworthy
(once / 1031 pages)
adj
Trustworthy describes something you can believe in — it's completely reliable. Your favorite newspaper can be trustworthy — they always print the truth — and people can be trustworthy too. You only tell your secrets to a trustworthy friend.
Breaking apart the word trustworthy gives you a clue to its meaning. It combines the common word trust, which describes something you can rely on, and the word worthy, which describes something that deserves respect. So something — or someone — that's trustworthy deserves your trust. In an election, you'll likely vote for the most trustworthy candidate because you believe she'll keep her promises. If you're trustworthy, that means you're reliable: you do what you say you're going to do.
WORD FAMILY
trustworthy: trustworthily, trustworthiness, untrustworthy+/untrustworthy: untrustworthiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
I and others were struck by Bush’s praise for the Russian leader as “trustworthy.”
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Abe met with Trump in New York in November and called him a "trustworthy leader."
Reuters(Dec 27, 2016)
A 2015 survey of trust in Mexican institutions ranked the army third most trustworthy, trailing only universities and the Catholic church.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 值得信赖的，可靠的; 把稳; 妥靠; 信实
分布：可信赖的(100%)
→trust,信任，-worthy,值得的。
US [-ˌwɝ:-] adjective
■able to be trusted 值得信任的；可信的；可靠的
adj. 可靠的；可信赖的
 - reliable, responsible, tried, honest, sure

Word: trilogy
Front: trilogy
[ˈtrɪlədʒi] (托宝 13032/20743 -1)
Vocabulary: trilogy
(once / 5493 pages)
n
If you’ve just started a trilogy of books, you’ll be reading for a while. A trilogy is something that has three parts, so you'll have three books to read.
You can see the tri-, meaning "three," in trilogy. The word originates from the Greek word trilogia, meaning "series of three related tragedies performed at Athens at the festival of Dionysus." Today, you can use trilogy to describe three of anything, such as a trilogy of movies that has the same characters, settings, and themes.
WORD FAMILY
trilogy: trilogies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fisher, who died at the age of 60 on Tuesday, rose to fame in the role of Princess Leia in the original trilogy.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
She followed up this year with a memoir, “The Princess Diarist,” based on diaries she kept while filming the original Star Wars trilogy.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Fisher appeared in the original Star Wars trilogy and Star Wars: The Force Awakens, a sequel released last year.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （小说、戏剧、音乐等的）三部曲; 美国Trilogy全球研发中心
分布：三部曲(100%)
→tri-, 三，-log,说，对话，词源同 dialogue,tetralogy.引申词义三部曲。
【记】tri三，logy学科
【参】trio（n 三重唱）；trivia（n 琐事）
noun countable
■a series of three books or plays written about the same situation or characters, forming a continuous story （书或戏剧的）三部曲

Word: preparatory
Front: preparatory
[prɪˈpærətri] (13044/9706 -1)
Vocabulary: preparatory
(once / 1215 pages)
adj
Use the adjective preparatory when you're getting ready for something. If you spend the day cleaning your house before a big party, the work you're doing is preparatory.
You can call something preparatory when it helps you prepare. A summer school class that lays the groundwork for a calculus course in the fall is preparatory, and so are a coach's words of advice before the start of a football game. High schools that specifically ready students for college work are sometimes called "preparatory schools," or "prep schools" for short. The Latin root is praeparationem, "a making ready."
WORD FAMILY
preparatory: preparatorily+/ preparation: preparations/preparative: preparatively/ prepare: preparation, preparative, preparatory, prepared, prepares, preparing/prepared: preparedly, preparedness, unprepared/unprepared: unpreparedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twice a week, she attends a preparatory class for earning a high school equivalency diploma.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The court said it would hold the next preparatory hearing on Dec. 27.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
They also released Damron’s personnel file and investigative documents related to the allegations at Stanton College Preparatory School in Jacksonville, Fla.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 预备的，准备的，筹备的; 初步的
adv. 在先前，作为准备
n. <美>大学预科; <英>私立预科学校
分布：准备的(32%)，预备的(28%)，预备学校(23%)，初步的(17%)
→来自prepare,预备，准备。
US [-'per.ə.tɔ:r-] adjective
■done in order to get ready for something 准备性的，预备性的；引导性的
• preparatory work 准备工作
• Differences over these issues narrowed during the preparatory meetings/talks. 在预备会议／会谈中，这些问题上的分歧缩小了。
adj. 预备的
 - preliminary, propaedeutic

Word: LED
Front: LED
[led] (11470/17681)
Back: v. 带路( lead的过去式和过去分词 ); 领导; 指挥; 领先
分布：动词(99%)，名词(1%)
verb past simple and past participle of
■ lead

Word: sidestep
Front: sidestep
[ˈsaɪdstep] (托宝 13073/19473 -1)
Vocabulary: sidestep
(once / 9016 pages)
vn
To sidestep something is to get around it by changing the subject or doing something else. If a little kid asks you where babies come from, you might sidestep the question by going to get ice cream. Very quickly.
People sidestep questions all the time. When celebrities or politicians don’t want to talk about something, they sidestep reporters’ questions by answering in a long-winded, vague way — or by saying, "No comment." You can also sidestep in a more literal way by physically stepping around things, or stepping to the side in a dance or march. The military term was first used in the eighteenth century, and the figurative meaning followed around 1900.
WORD FAMILY
sidestep: sidestepped, sidestepping, sidesteps
USAGE EXAMPLES
‘Ball’s not in my court’: Kirk Cousins sidesteps question about staying in D.C.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But as is his way, Trump sidesteps all the complexities.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Sidestepping any of the nuance of the film itself, the title track from Jungle Fever is aggressively shiny, all surface, no reflection.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vi. 向侧方跨步; 回避
vt. 让开…的路; 躲避，绕开
n. 台阶; [体]避开与强手对阵; 侧跨步; 横跳躲闪
时态：sidestepped, sidestepping, sidesteps
分布：回避(94%)，向旁侧避让(6%)
【记】side，step：原指向旁边侧跨一步，后引申为回避。
【参】sidle（v 横着走；悄悄贴近）
【反】confront directly（直接面对）
['saɪd.step] (-pp-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to step to the side in order to avoid something, especially being hit 横跨一步躲开；侧步避让
• He sidestepped the blow/the tackle. 他侧步避开了攻击／阻截队员。
■to avoid talking about a subject, especially by starting to talk about something else （尤指透过开始谈论别的事情）回避（某个话题）
• The speaker sidestepped the question by saying that it would take him too long to answer it. 演讲者借口说回答要很长时间而回避了这个问题。
vt. 回避；横跨一步躲避
 - shun, shy away from
n. 台阶；横跨的一步
 - steps

Word: linked
Front: linked
['lɪŋkt] (13063/9518)
Vocabulary: linked
(once / 550 pages)
adj
To be linked is to be connected as if by links in a chain. If you walk arm and arm with a friend, you may appear linked.
Linked, as an adjective, describes things that are connected either physically or mentally. Linked train cars are attached to one another. Two ideas that follow one another in a logical chain can also said to be linked — swimming and getting wet are inexorably linked.
WORD FAMILY
link: interlink, linkage, linked, linking, links+/interlink: interlinked, interlinking, interlinks/ linkage: linkages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 64 demands follow, and each is linked to the linked Diamondback story:
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It is linked to a mobile phone app which records the audio of the patient's chest.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Several writers linked the speech of their characters to inner dialogues even when they are not actively writing.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 连接的，显示连环遗传的
v. 连接( link的过去式和过去分词 ); 联系; 相关联; 说明（两件东西或两人之间）有联系（或关系）
分布：连接的(89%)，动词link的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
N-COUNT
联系；关系；关联
If there is a link between two things or situations, there is a relationship between them, for example because one thing causes or affects the other.
例：...the link between smoking and lung cancer.吸烟与胃癌之间的关联
VERB
使联系在一起；使相关联
If someone or something links two things or situations, there is a relationship between them, for example because one thing causes or affects the other.
例：The UN Security Council has linked any lifting of sanctions to compliance with the ceasefire terms...联合国安全理事会将取消制裁与遵守停火协议挂钩。
例：The study further strengthens the evidence linking smoking with early death...这项研究进一步证实了吸烟与早逝之间的联系。
N-COUNT
连接物；连接线
A link between two things or places is a physical connection between them.
例：...the high-speed rail link between London and the Channel Tunnel...伦敦与海峡隧道间的高速铁路连接线
例：The new road schemes include a link between Chelmsford and the M25...新的道路规划中包括了一条切姆斯福德与M25号高速公路的连接线。
VERB
连接；接合
If two places or objects are linked or something links them, there is a physical connection between them.
例：...the Rama Road, which links the capital, Managua, with the Caribbean coast...连接首都马那瓜和加勒比海岸的拉马路
例：The campus is linked by regular bus services to Coventry.校园与考文垂之间由班车连接起来。
N-COUNT
（友好的或商业上的）联系，关系
A link between two people, organizations, or places is a friendly or business connection between them.
例：Kiev hopes to cement close links with Bonn...基辅希望能加强与波恩的密切关系。
例：In 1984 the long link between AC Cars and the Hurlock family was severed...1984年，AC汽车公司与赫洛克家族长久以来的关系破裂了。
N-COUNT
联系物；纽带
A link to another person or organization is something that allows you to communicate with them or have contact with them.
例：She was my only link with the past...她是我与过去的唯一纽带。
例：The Red Cross was created to provide a link between soldiers in battle and their families at home...红十字会是作为前线士兵和后方家人的一种联系方式而创立起来的。
VERB
声称…（与…）有关系（或关联）
If you link one person or thing to another, you claim that there is a relationship or connection between them.
例：Criminologist Dr Ann Jones has linked the crime to social circumstances...犯罪学家安·琼斯博士认为这起罪案与社会环境有关。
例：They've linked her with various men, including magnate Donald Trump.他们把她与不同的男人扯上关系，包括大亨唐纳德·特朗普。
N-COUNT
（超文本）链接
In computing, a link is a connection between different documents, or between different parts of the same document, using hypertext.
N-COUNT
（链的）环，节，圈
A link is one of the rings in a chain.
VERB
串联；挽住；勾住
If you link one thing with another, you join them by putting one thing through the other.
例：She linked her arm through his...她挽住他的手臂。
例：He linked the fingers of his hands together on his stomach.他双手十指交叉放在腹部。
adj. 连接的；联合的；显示连环遗传的
 - connected, joint
v. 连接；串联（link的过去分词）
 - siamesed

Word: buried
Front: buried
['berɪd] (13069/14772)
Back: v. 埋葬( bury的过去式和过去分词 ); 掩埋; 原谅; 沉溺于
分布：埋在地下的(84%)，动词bury的过去式和过去分词.(16%)
VERB
掩埋；埋藏
To bury something means to put it into a hole in the ground and cover it up with earth.
例：They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it.他们通过把木材埋到地下缓慢燃烧来获取木炭。
例：...squirrels who bury nuts and seeds.掩埋坚果和种子的松鼠
VERB
埋葬；安葬
To bury a dead person means to put their body into a grave and cover it with earth.
例：...soldiers who helped to bury the dead in large communal graves...帮忙把死者安葬在大型公共墓地的士兵们
例：I was horrified that people would think I was dead and bury me alive...想到人们会认为我死了并把我活埋，我觉得恐惧万分。
VERB
失去（亲人）
If someone says they have buried one of their relatives, they mean that one of their relatives has died.
例：He had buried his wife some two years before he retired.大概在他退休前两年，他妻子去世了。
VERB
掩藏；埋藏
If you bury something under a large quantity of things, you put it there, often in order to hide it.
例：She buried it under some leaves...她把它藏在一堆树叶下面。
例：I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。
VERB
覆盖；掩埋；把…埋在下面
If something buries a place or person, it falls on top of them so that it completely covers them and often harms them in some way.
例：Latest reports say that mud slides buried entire villages...最新报道说泥石流掩埋了整个整个的村庄。
例：Their house was buried by a landslide...他们的房子在一次塌方中被掩埋。
VERB
（因不高兴而）把（头或脸）贴（或靠）在…
If you bury your head or face in something, you press your head or face against it, often because you are unhappy.
例：She buried her face in the pillows ...她把脸埋进枕头里。
例：He held her closely, burying his head against her shoulder.他紧紧地抱住她，把头靠在她的肩上。
VERB
深藏；深埋
If something buries itself somewhere, or if you bury it there, it is pushed very deeply in there.
例：The missile buried itself deep in the grassy hillside...导弹深深地埋在杂草丛生的山坡上。
例：He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried in the pockets of his dark overcoat.他站在人行道上，双手插在黑色外套的口袋里。
VERB
掩藏（感情）；抛开（记忆）
If you bury a feeling, you try not to show it. If you bury a memory, you try to forget it.
例：When we feel anger, we bury the emotion and feel guilty instead...当我们感到愤怒时，压抑这种情绪反而会觉得内疚。
例：It is time to bury our past misunderstandings.是我们捐弃前嫌的时候了。
VERB
藏身于；埋头于；专心于
If you bury yourself in a place or in an activity such as your work, you spend all your time in that place or doing that activity, usually because you want to forget about things.
例：His reaction was to withdraw, to bury himself in work.他的反应是抽身而退，埋头于工作。
例：...the popular image of writers burying themselves in the country in order to write.常见的退隐乡间写作的作家形象
VERB
沉浸于；专心致志于
If you bury your head in something such as a book or newspaper, or bury yourself in it, you look at it closely and concentrate very hard on it.
例：My father buried his head in his newspaper...我父亲专心致志地看他的报纸。
例：He buried himself in his detective story again.他又沉浸在他的侦探故事里了。
adj. 埋葬的；埋藏的
 - funerary

Word: wide-ranging
Front: wide-ranging
[ˈwaɪdˈreɪndʒɪŋ] (-1)
Back: adj. 范围或内容广泛的
分布：广泛的(100%)
adjective
■covering many subjects 范围广的；内容广泛的
• a wide-ranging discussion 涉及范围很广的讨论
adj. 广泛的
 - extensive, comprehensive

Word: hiking
Front: hiking
[ˈhaɪkɪŋ] (13099/43015)
Back: n. 徒步旅行
v. 徒步旅行( hike的现在分词 ); <口>提高（价格等）
分布：徒步旅行(99%)，动词hike的现在分词.(1%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of going for long walks in the countryside （在乡村的）长途徒步旅行；远足
• We're going hiking in the Lake District next weekend. 下周末我们要去湖区健行。
n. 徒步旅行
 - backpacking, walking tour

Word: kissing
Front: kissing
['kɪsɪŋ] (13070/14976)
Back: adj. 接吻的
n. 开压边（内）浇口
v. 吻( kiss的现在分词 ); 轻拂，轻触
分布：接吻的(90%)，关系亲密的(5%)，动词kiss的现在分词形式.(5%)
V-RECIP
吻；亲吻
If you kiss someone, you touch them with your lips to show affection or sexual desire, or to greet them or say goodbye.
例：She leaned up and kissed him on the cheek...她倾身向前亲吻了他的面颊。
例：She kissed me hard on the mouth...她深深地吻了我的嘴。
VERB
轻吻（以示尊敬）
If you kiss something, you touch it lightly with your lips, usually as a sign of respect.
例：The men stepped forward to kiss the hand of their mentor...这些男子走上前去轻吻他们导师的手。
例：She bowed her head and kissed the Archbishop's ring.她低下头轻吻大主教的戒指。
VERB
轻拂；轻触
If you say that something kisses another thing, you mean that it touches that thing very gently.
例：The wheels of the aircraft kissed the runway.飞机的轮子轻触跑道。
PHRASE
飞吻
If you blow someone a kiss or blow a kiss, you touch the palm of your hand lightly with your lips, and then blow across your hand towards the person, in order to show them your affection.
例：Maria blew him a kiss...玛丽亚给了他一个飞吻。
例：Amy blew a kiss from the door.埃米在门口做了个飞吻的动作。
PHRASE
任其失去；放弃；承认对…无能为力
If you say that you kiss something goodbye or kiss goodbye to something, you accept the fact that you are going to lose it, although you do not want to.
例：I felt sure I'd have to kiss my dancing career goodbye.我明确感觉到我将不得不与我的舞蹈生涯说再见了。
adj. 接吻的
 - osculatory

Word: topography
Front: topography
[təˈpɒgrəfi] (托 13053/15870)
Vocabulary: topography
(once / 2371 pages)
n
Topography is a detailed map of the surface features of land. It includes the mountains, hills, creeks, and other bumps and lumps on a particular hunk of earth.
This handy word is a Greek-rooted combo of topos meaning "place" and graphein "to write." The suffix -graphy means writing or representation made in a specific way, and shows up in familiar words like photography, oceanography, or even geography, which is similar to topography, but refers to where things are, but not what's on top. Topography represents a particular area in detail, including everything natural and man-made — hills, valleys, roads, or lakes. It's the geographical contours of the land.
WORD FAMILY
topography: topographic, topographical, topographies+/topographical: topographically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Historians at state-funded institutions, like the widely praised Topography of Terror center nearby, are also disturbed by Mr. Giebel’s venture.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mapping the topography of a person’s life invariably meanders to their diversions and individual tastes.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Her initial analysis of glaciers across Greenland revealed that different areas showed varying seasonal movement patterns, probably associated with regional topography.
Nature(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 地形学; 地形测量学; 地貌
分布：地势(52%)，地形学(33%)，地志(9%)，剖析图(6%)
→来自希腊语 topos,地方，-graphy,写，记录，学说。引申诸相关词义。
地形学(topo地方,场所+graph写+y→写地方→地形学)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
【记】topo读：逃跑，graphy学科－逃跑需要研究地形学
US [tə'pɑ:.grə-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the physical appearance of the natural features of an area of land, especially the shape of its surface 地形；地貌；地势
n. 地势；地形学；地志
 - terrain, surface relief

Word: corner
Front: corner
[ˈkɔ:nə(r)] (中高 1127/1104 -K4)
Vocabulary: corner
(once / 56 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4nv
Corners are everywhere. Two perpendicular lines form a corner. Rooms and streets have corners too. If a child misbehaves in class, the teacher might make him stand in the corner.
The key to a corner is that it leads in two directions: when you look at the corner of a room, you could hang a picture to the right or left of the corner, but not in the corner itself. A street corner usually has a street sign and sometimes a bus stop, too. A square table has four corners, but a round table doesn't have any corner. Notice how when you look straight at a corner, there's nowhere to go? That's why corner is also a verb. If you say, "I cornered him," it means you trapped him and gave him nowhere to turn. Whenever we don't see a lot of options, we feel cornered.
WORD FAMILY
corner: cornered, cornering, corners+/cornered: corneredest, corneredly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, a dozens of people gathered on a street corner to recite the names of the victims in what’s become an annual gathering.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Despite the setback, City’s French defender Gael Clichy broke the deadlock with a well-placed shot into the far corner in the 58th minute.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Phil Jackson walks away from Knicks job after Madison Square Garden fails to build him an unmodified, triangular corner office.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 角落，角; 拐角; 困境; [商]囤积
vi. 驾车转弯; 聚于角落
vt. 垄断; 逼入困境
adj. 位于角落的
时态：cornered, cornering, corners
分布：角落(61%)，垄断(15%)，转角(8%)，转弯(7%)，困境(7%)，位于角落的(1%)，将 ... 逼入困境(1%)
→词源同horn, 角，引申义转角，角落。
n.角,街角;偏僻处;vt.将...逼入困境;The corps' corn in the corner is scorned by the stubborn corporation.军团种在角落里的玉米遭到顽固公司的蔑视.
US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the point, area or line which is formed by the meeting of two lines, surfaces, roads, etc. 角；角落；拐角处；墙角
• You drive round corners too fast - just slow down a bit! 你转弯时开得太快——稍微放慢一点！
• There's a postbox on the corner (= the place where the street crosses another). 街角处有个邮筒。
• Click the icon in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen. 点击萤幕右下方的图示。
• I've got a bruise where I hit my leg against the corner of the table. 我的腿撞到桌角上，起了一块瘀青。
• They only live just around/round the corner (= very close although not in the same road) - so we see them all the time. 他们就住在附近——所以我们常看见他们。
• They live in a remote corner of (= place where there are very few people or buildings in) Scotland, miles from the nearest shop. 他们住在苏格兰一个偏僻的地方，离最近的商店也有好几英里。
■a kick in football or a shot in hockey that is taken from the corner of the playing area （足球或曲棍球的）角球
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
all/the four corners of the world / Earth
■many different distant parts of the world 四面八方，五湖四海；世界的各个角落
• She had invited relatives from the four corners of the world to her 80th birthday party. 她邀请了世界各地的亲友来参加她80岁寿诞聚会。
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
(just) around the corner
■not far away, or going to happen (very) soon 不远，就在附近；即将来临
• There's a great restaurant just around the corner. 附近就有一家很棒的餐厅。
• Everything is a bit depressing at the moment, but I carry on in the belief that good times are just around the corner. 目前事事令人沮丧，但我仍相信好日子就在前面。
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
be in a tight corner
■to be in a difficult situation 处境艰难，处于困境（或绝境）
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
corner on a market
■If a company has a corner on a particular market, it is more successful than any other company at selling the particular type of product. 在市场上独领风骚；垄断市场
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] noun countable
out of/from the corner of your eye
■If you see something out of/from the corner of your eye, you see it but not clearly because it happens to the side of you 用眼角余光（看），不经意（瞅见）
• I saw something move out of the corner of my eye. 我无意中瞥见有东西在移动。
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] verb
TURN 转动
intransitive
■If a vehicle corners well, badly, etc., it drives around corners in the stated way （车辆）转弯
• It's a powerful car, but it doesn't corner well. 这辆车马力强劲，但转弯性能欠佳。
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] verb
TRAP 陷入
transitive
■to force a person or an animal into a place or situation from which they cannot easily escape 将（人或动物）逼入困境；使陷入绝境，使走投无路
• Once the police had cornered her in the basement, she gave herself up. 一旦员警把她困在地下室里，她便束手就擒了。
UK ['kɔ:.nər] US ['kɔ:r.nɚ] verb
corner the market
■If a company corners the market for a particular type of product, it is more successful than any other company at selling the product 垄断市场，控制市场
• They've more or less cornered the fast-food market - they're in every big city in the world. 他们几乎垄断了速食市场——世界各大城市都有他们的分店。
corner, angle
这组词都有“角”的意思，其区别是：
corner: 多指物体的棱角或房间、街道的角落。
angle: 几何学上的用词，指两条直线相交而成的角。也可引申指看问题的方面或角度。
n. 角落，拐角处；地区，偏僻处；困境，窘境
 - region, area, difficulty, zone, section
vi. 囤积；相交成角
 - stock
vt. 垄断；迫至一隅；使陷入绝境；把…难住
 - forestall, monopolize

Word: transcendent
Front: transcendent
[trænˈsendənt] (研宝 11634/22964)
Vocabulary: transcendent
(once / 1168 pages)
adj
Transcendent describes something so excellent that it's beyond the range of human understanding.
Transcendent shares the prefix trans, meaning "across," with many familiar words such as transport (carry across), transcontinental (across a continent), and transparent (light shines across). Transcendental meditation carries people across to a higher consciousness. So something transcendent goes across boring reality into super awesomeness in a world all its own. It moves you. Angels are transcendent, and even your favorite novel can be transcendent. Beware of someone who finds the cheesecake transcendent; she may tend to exaggerate.
WORD FAMILY
transcendent: transcendence, transcendency, transcendental, transcendently+/ transcend: transcended, transcendent, transcending, transcends/ transcendence: transcendences/transcendency: transcendencies/ transcendental: transcendentalism, transcendentally/ transcendentalism: transcendentalisms, transcendentalist / transcendentalist: transcendentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
We three became transcendent together, our souls connected through laughter, yes, but something else, too.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
In its glow, it challenges Christians and non-Christians alike to consider that which is transcendent, eternal and greater than us all.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
One attends concerts hoping for a few moments of perfection in an imperfect world; these young singers delivered transcendent beauty.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 卓越的，至高无上的; 超然的
n. 卓越的人，尤物; 超越认识的事物
分布：卓越的(70%)，超然的(30%)
→transcend,超出，超越，-ent,形容词后缀。引申词义卓越的，伟大的。
[træn'sen.dənt] formal
adjective
■greater, better, more important, or going past or above all others 超常的；杰出的，卓越的；极其伟大的
• transcendent power/beauty/love 至高无上的权力／无与伦比的美／超越一切的爱
• He describes seeing Stanley Matthews play football as one of the transcendent moments of his life. 他说看斯坦利‧马修斯踢足球是他一生中最为美妙的时刻之一。
adj. 卓越的；超常的；出类拔萃的
 - remarkable, excellent, prominent
n. 卓越的人；超绝物
 - lulu

Word: variously
Front: variously
[ˈveəriəsli] (13051/9819 -1)
Back: adv. 不同地; 各种各样地，多彩的; 多方面地
分布：不同地(84%)，各种各样地(16%)
US ['ver.i-] adverb
■in several different ways, at several different times, or by several different people 不同地；在不同时间；由不同的人
• It is one of a class of electronic products variously called 'personal communicators' or 'personal digital assistants'. 这是一种新型电子产品，被称作“个人通讯器”或“个人数码助理”，叫法不一。
• The number of cases this year of salmonella poisoning has been variously put at 26, 46, 49 or 51. 今年有关沙门氏菌中毒病例的数量有 26例、46例、49例和51例的不同说法。
adv. 不同地；多方面地；个别地；多彩地
 - separately, personally, differently

Word: marquee
Front: marquee
[mɑ:ˈki:] (13068/12258 -1)
Vocabulary: marquee
(once / 5452 pages)
n
A marquee is the roof-like overhang at the doorway of a hotel or theater, often holding a sign. You could choose a Broadway play just by wandering past the theaters and picking out a marquee that looks interesting.
A marquee is a theater sign or canopy that protrudes above a building's entrance. Movie theaters and performing arts theaters can have marquees, as can hotels and many other buildings. Marquee can also describe a person with a starring role, almost always preceding the word player, like when you describe the most well-known member of your local mime troupe as your "marquee player."
WORD FAMILY
marquee: marquees
USAGE EXAMPLES
A marquee was built on land next to the The Tetley arts centre in central Leeds to house the production.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
And the star billed at the top of the marquee isn’t selling the main event.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
And the Wildcats are set for a marquee matchup on the road against No. 10 Creighton on Saturday.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 大帐篷; 大天幕; 选取框; 门罩
分布：选取框(36%)，大帐篷(30%)，华盖(17%)，大天幕(17%)
→来自法语marquise,女侯爵，来自marquis阴性格。后用于指多种豪华或大型物品，如大帐篷，大梨，大型广告牌等，可能是来自人们对豪门贵妇的幻想。其拼写是由于误以为marquise为复数，因此想当然的改成了单数形式。
US [mɑ:r-] noun countable
TENT 帐篷 UK a large tent used for eating and drinking in at events held mainly outside that involve a lot of people （聚会用的）大帐篷，大营帐
• We're planning to hold the wedding reception in a marquee in the garden. 我们打算在花园的大帐篷里举行婚宴。
UK [mɑ:'ki:] US [mɑ:r-] noun countable
ROOF 房顶 US a roof-like structure which sticks out over the entrance to a public building, especially a theatre, and on which there is usually a sign （尤指剧院入口处挂有招牌的）遮檐，遮篷
UK [mɑ:'ki:] US [mɑ:r-] adjective [before noun] US
■being the main performer or sports person in a show, film, sports event, etc. or being the performer, etc. whose name will attract most people to the show, film, etc 大牌的，响当当的，知名的
• The studio chiefs wanted a marquee name in the lead role, not some unknown. 制片厂老板想要大牌明星来领衔主演，而不是无名小辈。
n. 选取框；大天幕；华盖
 - baldachin, canopy

Word: drying
Front: drying
['draɪɪŋ] (13049/11518)
Back: v. 烘干; 变干，把…弄干( dry的现在分词 ); 去湿
分布：弄干(72%)，动词dry的现在分词形式.(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
干的;干燥的
If something is dry, there is no water or moisture on it or in it.
例：Clean the metal with a soft dry cloth...用柔软的干布擦拭金属。
例：Pat it dry with a soft towel...用柔软的毛巾将它拍干。
V-ERG
(使)变干;弄干;擦干
When something dries or when you dry it, it becomes dry.
例：The washing might dry outside today, the sun's shining...洗过的衣物可能今天晾在外面就能干,阳光正足。
例：Leave your hair to dry naturally whenever possible...尽可能让头发自然晾干。
VERB
(洗后）擦干(盘、杯、刀、锅等)
When you dry the dishes after a meal, you wipe the water off the plates, cups, knives, pans, and other things when they have been washed, using a cloth.
例：Mrs. Madrigal began drying dishes.马德里加尔夫人开始擦干碟子。
ADJ-GRADED
(皮肤或头发)发干的,无水分的
If you say that your skin or hair is dry, you mean that it is less oily than, or not as soft as, normal.
例：Nothing looks worse than dry, cracked lips...没有什么比干燥开裂的嘴唇更难看的了。
例：Dry hair can be damaged by washing it too frequently...干性头发洗得太频繁容易受损。
ADJ-GRADED
干旱的;雨量少的;无雨的
If the weather or a period of time is dry, there is no rain or there is much less rain than average.
例：Exceptionally dry weather over the past year had cut agricultural production...去年罕见的干旱天气已导致农业减产。
例：The spring had been unusually dry and we received only two tenths of an inch of rain during the entire month of June.春天异常干旱，我们在整个 6 月只有 0.2 英寸的降雨量。
ADJ-GRADED
(地方或气候)少雨的,干燥的
A dry place or climate is one that gets very little rainfall.
例：It was one of the driest and dustiest places in Africa.那是非洲最干旱、尘土最多的地方之一。
例：...a hot, dry climate where the sun is shining all the time.终年阳光明媚的炎热干旱气候
N-SING
干燥;少雨
In the dry means in a place or at a time that is not damp, wet, or rainy.
例：Such cars, however, do grip the road well, even in the dry.不过，这种车即使在干燥路面上也表现出了良好的抓地性能。
ADJ-GRADED
(通常指河流、湖泊或水井由于天热少雨而)干涸的
If a river, lake, or well is dry, it is empty of water, usually because of hot weather and lack of rain.
例：The aquifer which had once fed the wells was pronounced dry...曾为水井供水的蓄水层正式宣告干涸了。
例：The single-engine plane landed at a dry lake in western Arizona...单引擎飞机在亚利桑那州西部的一个干涸的湖底着陆了。
ADJ
(油井)枯竭的,不再产油的
If an oil well is dry, it is no longer producing any oil.
例：To harvest oil and gas profitably from the North Sea, it must focus on the exploitation of small reserves as the big wells run dry.随着大型油井的枯竭，要想从北海的石油和天然气开采中盈利,必须着力于开采小储量的油井。
ADJ-GRADED
口渴的;干渴的
If you are dry, you need to drink something.
例：She was suddenly thirsty and dry.她突然口渴了。
ADJ-GRADED
(因紧张、生病等)口干的,喉咙干的
If your mouth or throat is dry, it has little or no saliva in it, and so feels very unpleasant, perhaps because you are tense or ill.
例：His mouth was dry, he needed a drink...他口很干,需要喝上一杯。
例：My throat was dry. I was at a loss for words.我喉咙很干,不知说什么才好。
ADJ
(咳嗽)无痰的,干咳的
A dry cough is one that does not produce any mucus.
ADJ
(眼睛)无泪的
If someone has dry eyes, there are no tears in their eyes; often used with negatives or in contexts where you are expressing surprise that they are not crying.
例：There were few dry eyes in the house when I finished...我说完后房间里没几个人不掉泪的。
例：She didn't wince and her eyes were dry. Talk about brave. She was unbelievable.她连眉头也未皱一下,也没哭。说到勇敢,她令人难以置信。
ADJ
禁酒的
If a country, state, or city is dry, it has laws or rules which forbid anyone to drink, sell, or buy alcoholic drink.
例：Gujurat has been a totally dry state for the past thirty years.在过去的 30 年里古吉拉特一直是完全禁酒的一个州。
ADJ
（被）吸干的;（被）榨干的
If you say that someone is sucking something dry or milking it dry, you are criticizing them for taking all the good things from it until there is nothing left.
例：...a shady rip-off industry that sucks its talent dry then discards it...见不得人的山寨行业吸干了它的才华后又将它抛弃
例：He's just milking the company dry.他是要把公司榨干。
ADJ-GRADED
(幽默)不露声色的,含蓄不露的,机敏的
Dry humour is very amusing, but in a subtle and clever way.
例：Fulton has retained his dry humour...富尔顿保持着他含而不露的幽默。
例：Mr Brooke is renowned for his dry wit.布鲁克先生因他不露声色的机智而闻名。
ADJ-GRADED
冷淡的;淡然的;不动感情的;冷冰冰的
If you describe a voice as dry, you mean that it is cold or dull, and does not express any emotions.
例：When he crept back to his desk, he heard the dry voice of Father Laurence.当他轻手轻脚地回到读经台时,他听到了劳伦斯神父冷冰冰的声音。
ADJ-GRADED
枯燥乏味的;干巴巴的;无趣的
If you describe something such as a book, play, or activity as dry, you mean that it is dull and uninteresting.
例：...dry, academic phrases.枯燥无味的学术词汇
例：A lot of the work was very dry and boring in Westminster.威斯敏斯特的许多工作非常枯燥无味令人厌烦。
ADJ
(面包或吐司)不涂黄油和果酱的
Dry bread or toast is plain and not covered with butter or jam.
例：For breakfast, they had dry bread and tea.他们早餐吃了无黄油的面包，还喝了茶。
ADJ
(酒)无甜味的,干的
Dry sherry or wine does not have a sweet taste.
例：...a glass of chilled, dry white wine.一杯冰镇干白葡萄酒
PHRASAL VERB
(河流、湖泊或水井)干涸
If a river, lake, or well dries up, it becomes empty of water, usually because of hot weather and a lack of rain.
例：Reservoirs are drying up and farmers have begun to leave their land...水库逐渐干涸,农民开始背井离乡。
例：The fountain is reputed never to dry up.这口泉号称从不干涸。
PHRASAL VERB
（供应）枯竭，停止，中断
If a supply of something dries up, it stops.
例：Investment could dry up and that could cause the economy to falter...投资可能会中断,而这会引起经济衰退。
例：Credit from foreign banks is drying up...外资银行的放贷金额持续萎缩，面临枯竭。
PHRASAL VERB
无话可说;突然住口
If you dry up when you are speaking, you stop in the middle of what you were saying, because you cannot think what to say next.
例：If you ask her what she's good at she will dry up after two minutes.如果你问她擅长什么，两分钟后她就没话说了。
n. 干燥
 - dryness, desiccation, aridness

Word: finder
Front: finder
[ˈfaɪndə(r)] (13102/21719)
Back: n. 探测器; 发现者
分布：发现者(66%)，探测器(34%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who finds something 发现者
UK ['faɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable
Finders keepers (losers weepers). saying
■said by a child who has found an object to the child who has lost it, to show that they intend to keep it （儿童用语）东西谁捡到了就是谁的。
n. 发现者；探测器；（照相机的） [摄] 取景器；（大望远镜上的） [天] 寻星镜
 - detector, discoverer

Word: whimsical
Front: whimsical
[ˈwɪmzɪkl] (宝 13075/20692 -1)
Vocabulary: whimsical
(once / 1140 pages)
1adj 2adj
Whimsical means full of or characterized by whims, which are odd ideas that usually occur to you very suddenly. If you decide at the last minute to fly to Europe, you could say you went there on a whim.
Whimsical can also mean tending toward odd or unpredictable behavior. Both whimsical and whim are derived from an earlier English word whim-wham, which is of unknown origin. Whim-wham had about the same meaning as whim, but could also refer to an odd object or piece of clothing.
WORD FAMILY
whimsical: whimsicalest, whimsicality, whimsically+/whimsicality: whimsicalities/ whimsy: whimsical, whimsies, whimsiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
This format imposes a crude narrative structure on the day’s events, with peril ultimately usurped by a happy, or at least whimsical, conclusion.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
But most of all it’s the whimsical tone of a fantasy that wavers between satire and wish fulfillment.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
All told, the whimsical splurge will run a little less than 1 percent more than last year, largely because of slow economic growth.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 异想天开的; 反复无常的; 古怪的，奇形怪状的
分布：古怪的(40%)，异想天开的(36%)，反复无常的(24%)
→来自whimsy,怪念头，怪想法。
adjective
■unusual and strange in a way that might be funny or annoying 离奇的；古怪的；异想天开的
• a whimsical tale 离奇的故事
• Despite his kindly, sometimes whimsical air, he was a shrewd observer of people. 尽管他为人和善，有时也有些古怪，但对人观察很敏锐。
adj. 古怪的；异想天开的；反复无常的
 - odd, curious

Word: medium-size
Front: medium-size
None None
Back: 中号，中码；中号尺码
分布：中号的(25%)，中型的(25%)，中颗粒的(25%)，中等尺寸的(25%)

Word: Croat
Front: Croat
['krəʊæt] (11483/13368)
Back: n. 克罗地亚人；克罗地亚语
分布：克罗地亚人(46%)，克罗地亚语(22%)，克罗地亚人的(18%)，克罗地亚语的(14%)
US ['kroʊ-] noun countable
■Croat 克罗埃西亚人

Word: style
Front: style
[staɪl] (高研四六雅 968/790 -K4)
Vocabulary: style
(once / 63 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv 4n
Artists, musicians, and even chefs have their own personal style — a word used to describe the unique ways in which people express themselves.
Style is a word that's often used to describe the distinctive way in which artists, designers, and other creative types practice their crafts. The designer who launches a line of cardboard bathing suits is expressing his style, even if no one else finds these soggy suits stylish, or in fashion, at the moment. When hyphenated, style can describe the qualities of a person or thing, as in "Cajun-style cooking."
WORD FAMILY
style: styled, styleless, styler, styles, styling, stylise, stylish, stylist, stylistic, stylize +/styled: self-styled/stylise: stylisation, stylised/ stylish: stylisher, stylishest, stylishly, stylishness, unstylish/stylist: stylists/stylistic: stylistically/stylization: stylizations/ stylize: stylization, stylized, stylizes, stylizing/unstylish: unstylishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will be celebrated in the usual style with firecrackers and dragon dances.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In central Mexico’s Mezquital Valley, new pick-up trucks bounce along unpaved roads and U.S.-style houses are springing up alongside cornfields.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
But the founders also consciously rejected some of the less appealing aspects of life at Apple, like its legendary secrecy and top-down management style.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 方式; 样式; 时髦; 仪表，品位
vt. 设计; 称呼; 为…造型
vi. 使符合流行式样; 用刻刀作装饰画
时态：styled, styling, styles
分布：风格(71%)，文体(12%)，时尚(6%)，类型(6%)，式样(5%)
→来自中古英语 stile,笔，书写工具，写作风格，举止，行为，来自古法语 estile,风格，举止， 桩，刺，插入，来自拉丁语 stilus,桩，笔，书写工具，写作风格，来自 steig,刺，插，词 源同 stick,sting.拼写比较 rule,regulate.引申词义头发的造型，设计，样式等。
n.风格,文体;式样,时式,类型The typist plays Typhoon on the piano in a typical style.打字员以典型的风格在钢琴上演奏"台风".
noun
WAY 方式
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■a way of doing something, especially one which is typical of a person, group of people, place or period 做事方式；（尤指）风格，作风
• Jones favours a dynamic, hands-on style of management. 琼斯喜欢那种充满活力、事事亲力亲为的管理风格。
• His office is very utilitarian in style, with no decoration. 他的办公室在风格上讲究实用，没有任何装饰。
be your style informal
■to be the type of thing that you would do 是（某人）的做法；是（某人）的作风
• He wouldn't try to mislead you - it's not his style. 他不会有意误导你的——他不是那种人。
[staɪl] noun
FASHION 时尚
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■fashion, especially in clothing （尤指服装上的）风尚，潮流，流行式样
• a style consultant 时装顾问
• I read the fashion pages in the newspapers to keep up with the latest styles. 我常看报纸的时尚版，以跟上最新的潮流。
• The classic black dress is always in style. 典雅的黑色连衣裙永远都不会过时。
[staɪl] noun
DESIGN 设计
countable
■a particular shape or design, especially of a person's hair, clothes, or a piece of furniture 设计；给…造型
• a formal style of hat 式样正式的帽子
• Her hair was cut in a really nice style. 她的头发剪了个非常漂亮的发式。
⇒ See also hairstyle
[staɪl] noun
HIGH QUALITY 高品质
uncountable approving
■high quality in appearance, design or behaviour 气派；优雅格调
• That car' s got real style, which is no surprise considering how much it cost. 那辆车非常气派，但考虑到其造价也就不足为奇。
• When she decides to do something, she always does it in/with great style. 她一旦决定要做甚么，总是会做得很气派。
[staɪl] noun
FLOWER PART 花柱
countable specialized
■the middle section of the carpel (= female reproductive part) of a flower, connecting the ovary to the stigma 花柱（一朵花的心皮即雌性生殖器官的中段，将卵巢连接到柱头上）
[staɪl] noun
as if it is going out of style informal
■very quickly or much more than people normally do （比正常情况下做得）非常快且更多
• She was gulping down sandwiches and cakes as if they were going out of style. 她大吃三明治和蛋糕，吃得又快又多。
[staɪl] verb transitive
DESIGN 设计
■to shape or design something such as a person's hair or an object like a piece of clothing or furniture, especially so that it looks attractive 设计；给…造型；（尤指）把…设计得吸引人
• You've had your hair styled - it really suits you. 你做了头发——这个发型真适合你。
• This range of jackets is styled to look good whatever the occasion. 这个系列的夹克衫设计巧妙，适合各种场合穿着。
[staɪl] verb transitive
TITLE 头衔
■to give a title to a person or group 称呼；给…命名
• [+ noun] She styles herself 'Doctor' but she doesn't have a degree. 她自称“博士”，但实际上她根本没有学位。
⇒ See also self-styled
fashion, style
这组词都有“流行，样式”的意思，其区别是：
fashion: 侧重指衣着、生活、行为和思想等的风尚，多含一时或一地流行的意味。
style: 与fashion意义相当，可换用，但现代用以强调高雅。
n. 风格；时尚；类型；字体
 - mode, description, fashion, type, colour
vt. 设计；称呼；使合潮流
 - design, engineer, project, frame, plan

Word: grinder
Front: grinder
[ˈgraɪndə(r)] (13050/19898)
Back: n. 研磨机，粉碎机; 研磨者，磨刀匠; 臼齿; 〈口〉用功学生
分布：磨床(79%)，磨工(12%)，研磨器(9%)
US [-dɚ] noun
countable
■a machine used to rub or press something until it becomes a powder 碾磨器械；研磨机；磨
• a coffee/pepper grinder 咖啡豆／辣椒碾磨机
UK ['graɪn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun
knife grinder
■a device for making knives sharper, or a person whose job is to do this 磨刀的器械；磨刀匠
n. [木] [机] 研磨机；研磨者；磨工；臼齿
 - muller, lapper

Word: mounting
Front: mounting
[ˈmaʊntɪŋ] (13081/13842)
Back: n. 装备; 衬托纸; 登上; 乘骑
adj. 上升的，增长的
v. 登上，骑上( mount的现在分词 ); 增加，上升; 上演; 准备
分布：逐渐增加的(28%)，上马(26%)，架设(20%)，动词mount的现在分词.(13%)，底托(13%)
→来自mount,登山。引申词义向上的。
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■gradually increasing 增加的；加剧的
• mounting anxiety/ excitement 不断增长的焦虑／越发高涨的兴奋心情
• mounting debts 日益累积的债务
n. 装备，装配；上马；衬托纸
 - assembly, equipment, arm, fishing, fabrication
v. 增加（mount的ing形式）；爬上
 - adding, increasing, building
adj. 逐渐增加的
 - crescent

Word: effortlessly
Front: effortlessly
['efətləslɪ] (13078/14033)
Back: adv. 不作努力地，不费力地
分布：轻易地(50%)，毫不费力地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不费力的;轻松的
Something that is effortless is done easily and well.
例：In a single effortless motion, he scooped Frannie into his arms.他一下子就轻松地把弗兰尼拥入怀里。
例：...effortless and elegant Italian cooking.简单精致的意大利烹饪
ADJ-GRADED
(品质)自然的，天生具有的
You use effortless to describe a quality that someone has naturally and does not have to learn.
例：She liked him above all for his effortless charm.她最喜欢他身上那种与生俱来的魅力。
adv. 轻松地；毫不费劲地
 - lightly, like a cork

Word: Somali
Front: Somali
[səu'mɑ:li] (13041/13447)
Back: n. 索马里人；索马里语
adj. 索马里的
分布：索马里人(58%)，索马里的(42%)
noun countable adjective
■Somali 索马利亚的

Word: gravely
Front: gravely
[ɡreɪvlɪ] (13074/12126)
Back: adv. 严肃地; 庄重地; 严重地; 沉重地
分布：严肃地(31%)，沉重地(23%)，庄重地(23%)，严重地(23%)
N-COUNT
墓穴；坟墓；埋葬处
A grave is a place where a dead person is buried.
例：They used to visit her grave twice a year.他们以前每年去她的墓前凭吊两次。
N-COUNT
死亡;终结
You can refer to some-one's death as their grave or to death as the grave .
例：...drinking yourself to an early grave...纵酒而自折其寿
例：Most men would rather go to the grave than own up to feelings of dependency.大多数男人宁死都不愿承认有依赖感。
ADJ-GRADED
严重的；重大的；严峻的
A grave event or situation is very serious, important, and worrying.
例：He said that the situation in his country is very grave...他说他的国家情况十分危急。
例：I have grave doubts that the documents tell the whole story.我对这些文件能否说明所有的问题深表怀疑。
ADJ-GRADED
严肃的；表情沉重的
A grave person is quiet and serious in their appearance or behaviour.
例：William was up on the roof for some time and when he came down he looked grave...威廉在屋顶上呆了一段时间，他下来的时候面色凝重。
例：Anxiously, she examined his unusually grave face.她忐忑不安地审视着他异常严肃的脸色。
ADJ
. 重音符;抑音符;沉音符
In some languages such as French, a grave accent is a symbol that is placed over a vowel in a word to show how the vowel is pronounced. For example, the word 'mère' has a grave accent over the first 'e'
PHRASE
自掘坟墓；自取灭亡
If you say that someone is digging their own grave, you are warning them that they are doing something foolish or dangerous that will cause their own failure.
例：The magazine isn't trying to ruin his career, the man's digging his own grave by refusing an interview.这份杂志并非想断送他的事业，而他拒绝接受采访就是在自毁前程。
PHRASE
九泉之下不得安宁
If you say that someone who is dead would turn in their grave at something that is happening now, you mean that they would be very shocked or upset by it, if they were alive.
例：Darwin must be turning in his grave at the thought of what is being perpetrated in his name.一想到冒他之名所做下的那些事，达尔文在九泉之下一定不得安宁。
adv. 严重地；严肃地；严峻地；沉重地
 - seriously, badly, heavily, severely

Word: activation
Front: activation
[ˌæktɪ'veɪʃn] (12945/9314)
Vocabulary: activation
(once / 31858 pages)
n
Use the noun activation to describe the process of turning on or starting something, or energizing someone. A missing cat might inspire the activation of a neighborhood search party.
The activation of a school policy to combat bullying both starts the program up and inspires people to get involved with it. You could also talk about the gradual activation of your sleepy puppy as she wakes up and gets going. Activation comes from the same root as the adjective active, the Latin actus, "a doing, a driving, or an impulse."
WORD FAMILY
activation: activations+/ act: actable, acted, acting, action, active, actor, actress, acts, actuate, counteract, enact, interact, overact, underact/actable: unactable/acting: actings, self-acting/ action: actionable, actioned, actions, inaction/ activate: activated, activates, activating, activation, activator, deactivate, reactivate /activating: self-activating/activator: activators/ active: activate, actively, activeness, activer, actives, activest, activity, hyperactive, inactive, overactive, underactive/ activity: activities/ actor: actors/actress: actresses/ actuate: actuated, actuates, actuating, actuation, actuator/actuator: actuators/counteract: counteracted, counteracting, counteraction, counteractive, counteracts/counteraction: counteractions/deactivate: deactivated, deactivates, deactivating, deactivation/ enact: enacted, enacting, enactment, enacts, reenact/enactment: enactments/ hyperactive: hyperactively, hyperactivity/inaction: inactions/inactivate: inactivated, inactivates, inactivating, inactivation/ inactive: inactivate, inactively, inactiveness, inactivity / inactivity: inactivities/ interact: interacted, interacting, interaction, interactive, interacts/ interaction: interactional, interactions/ interactive: interactively/overact: overacted, overacting, overacts/overacting: overactings/overactive: overactivity/ reactivate: reactivated, reactivates, reactivating/reenact: reenacted, reenacting, reenactment, reenacts/ reenactment: reenactments/underact: underacted, underacting, underacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Facebook’s activation of the feature sowed confusion, however, because the platform also promoted a link to a false news report of a major “explosion”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Police say they responded to the activation of a robbery alarm at the store and a call about shots being fired.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This disrupts the pattern of activation and deactivation in the brain’s circuits that enables normal hearing.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 活化，激活，[化]活化作用; 致活
分布：激活(99%)，催化作用(1%)
VERB
使运作；使起作用；激活
If a device or process is activated, something causes it to start working.
例：Video cameras with night vision can be activated by movement.带夜视镜的摄像机一有动静就会启动。
例：...a voice-activated computer.声控电脑

Word: lyrical
Front: lyrical
[ˈlɪrɪkl] (13084/12464 -1)
Vocabulary: lyrical
(once / 2047 pages)
adj
Something that's lyrical is beautifully full of emotion. Don't be surprised if a lyrical passage in the book you're reading makes you cry a little bit.
The word lyric, and its connection to the words of a song, provides one hint about the adjective lyrical, which can mean "appropriate for singing." When a movie, book, dance, or work of art gives you the same feeling as the most beautiful music, you can also describe those things as lyrical. The musical connection goes all the way back to the Greek root word, lyra, or lyre.
WORD FAMILY
lyrical: lyricality, lyrically+/ lyric: lyrical, lyricism, lyricist, lyrics, lyrist/lyricist: lyricists/lyrist: lyrists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Adams’ lyrical and poignant novel about the plight of rabbits whose home was under threat became an astonishing success after it was published.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Adams’ lyrical and poignant novel about the plight of rabbits whose home was under threat became an astonishing success after it was published.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Nor is the narrative served by the author’s prose, alternately lyrical and breezy.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 热情奔放的，抒情般的; 感情丰富的
分布：抒情的(44%)，抒情诗(30%)，抒情诗的(9%)，热情的(9%)，=lyric.(4%)，狂热的(4%)
adjective
■expressing personal thoughts and feelings in a beautiful way 抒情的
• The book contains lyrical descriptions of the author's childhood. 这本书里有对作者童年的抒情性描写。
wax lyrical
■to talk about something with a lot of interest or excitement 兴致勃勃地谈话，眉飞色舞地说
• I recall Rosie waxing lyrical about the flatness of his stomach. 我想起了罗西说起自己平坦的腹部时眉飞色舞的样子。

Word: dependent
Front: dependent
[dɪˈpendənt] (研四六托雅 3201/2356)
Vocabulary: dependent
(once / 59 pages)
nadj
Being dependent means relying on something. Many people are dependent on coffee in the morning, while a dependent is someone who relies on you for financial support. In grammar-land, a dependent clause can’t stand alone because it’s a fragment.
Dependent comes from pendant, the French word for "hanging.” If you break your leg, you will be dependent, or hanging, on crutches to get around. Kids are dependents of their parents, since they rely on them for food and shelter. A drug addict is dependent on drugs. And if a decision is dependent on your mood, that means it depends on or will be decided by how you feel.
WORD FAMILY
dependent: dependence, dependency, dependently, dependents, independent +/ depend: dependable, dependant, depended, dependent, depending, depends, interdepend/ dependable: dependability, dependableness, dependably, undependable/ dependant: dependants/ dependence: dependences/ dependency: dependencies/ independence: independences/independency: independencies/ independent: independence, independency, independently, independents/interdepend: interdependent / interdependence: interdependences/interdependency: interdependencies/ interdependent: interdependence, interdependency, interdependently/undependable: undependability, undependableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Metabolic activity is dependent on oxygen delivery to the tissues of the body.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The defense is too dependent on Clay Matthews to generate a pass rush, so when he’s not 100% the drop-off is significant.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Coburn attributes that to a broken system abused by those who don’t truly deserve it, yet grow dependent on government benefits.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 依靠的; 依赖的; 取决于…的; 有瘾的
n. 受抚养人; 受赡养者; 依赖他人者; 扈从，侍从
分布：依赖的(48%)，从属的(27%)，依靠的(25%)
依赖的(de+pend+ent)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
a.依靠的,依赖的,从属的;随...而定的The dependent dependant can't live independently.依靠别人的被赡养者不能独立生活.
adjective
NEEDING HELP 需要协助
 ADVANCED
■needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating 需要供养的，需要照料的；依赖的
• He has three dependent children. 他有三个需要照顾的孩子。
• It's very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills. 人很容易对安眠药产生依赖性。
[dɪ'pen.dənt] adjective
DECIDED BY 取决于
dependent on/upon sth
 ADVANCED
■influenced or decided by something 取决于，由…来决定
• Whether I go to university or not is dependent on what exam grades I get. 我能不能上大学要看我能考多少分。
[dɪ'pen.dənt] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■describes a grammatical clause which cannot form a separate sentence but can form a sentence when it is joined to a main clause 从句
independent, dependent
independent: 不依靠的，独立的(of)。如：John was independent of his parents when he was still a child.
dependent: 依赖的，依靠的(on, upon)。如：Success is dependent on your hard work.
adj. 依靠的；从属的；取决于…的
 - under, servient

Word: perpetually
Front: perpetually
[pə'petʃʊəlɪ] (13089/14545)
Vocabulary: perpetually
(once / 870 pages)
adv
Use the adverb perpetually if something is never, ever going to stop doing what it's doing, like your perpetually chattering cousin.
Perpetually comes from the adjective perpetual, which comes from the Latin for "never stopping." Although there might be some things that might exist perpetually, like the universe (hopefully), we usually use perpetually for things that just feel like they're never going to end. If the coffee shop you go to is perpetually playing the same album, bring them a new one. A good synonym is incessantly.
WORD FAMILY
perpetual: perpetually, perpetuity +/ perpetuity: perpetuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Michael seemed, perpetually, far less troubled about endless scandals than did the media doing the reporting.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
When he spoke, he slurred his words, as if he were perpetually drunk.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The Public Disclosure Commission is the watchdog for keeping Washington’s elections clean and legal, but it is perpetually hobbled by a lack of funding.
Seattle Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adv. 永恒地; 终身地; 不断地
分布：永恒地(60%)，持久地(40%)
ADJ
不间断的；不变的；持续的；长久的
A perpetual feeling, state, or quality is one that never ends or changes.
例：...the creation of a perpetual union.永久联盟的创立
ADJ
连续不断的；无尽无休的；没完没了的
A perpetual act, situation, or state is one that happens again and again and so seems never to end.
例：I thought her perpetual complaints were going to prove too much for me.我想我再也受不了她无休无止的抱怨了。 per|pet|ual|ly
例：...a perpetually renewed miracle...不断再现的奇迹
adv. 永恒地，持久地
 - eternally, immutably

Word: fondness
Front: fondness
[fɒndnəs] (13090/14931)
Vocabulary: fondness
(once / 1047 pages)
n
Fondness is love or affection for someone. Your fondness for your funny Spanish teacher might be part of what inspires you to work hard in his class.
When you have a fondness for a person, you feel warm or tender toward them. Your sister's fondness for young children probably makes her a great babysitter. You can also have a fondness for a thing: your friend's fondness for expensive shoes could cause her constant financial difficulty, and your fondness for cupcakes might influence you to learn how to bake.
WORD FAMILY
fondness: fondnesses+/ fond: fonder, fondest, fondly, fondness, overfond/overfond: overfondly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decius says that he isn’t concerned about Trump’s seeming fondness for Russia; in his view, thoughtless provocations would be much more dangerous.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Despite her fondness for black backgrounds, it is the bright, life-affirming yellows, oranges, greens and reds that dominate her paintings.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Nabokov was exasperated by Wilson’s fondness for Lenin and Russia, which Nabokov detested.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 喜爱，钟爱; 溺爱
分布：喜爱(62%)，爱好(19%)，溺爱(19%)
【反】antipathy（n 反感；憎恶）
US ['fɑ:nd-] noun uncountable
■a liking 喜爱
• George's fondness for pink gins was well known. 大家都知道乔治喜欢喝红杜松子酒。
n. 爱好；溺爱
 - interest, like, bent, fond of

Word: shellfish
Front: shellfish
[ˈʃelfɪʃ] (托 13065/19179 -1)
Back: n. 贝类动物; 甲壳类动物; 甲壳类（食物）
分布：贝(47%)，甲壳类动物(40%)，贝类菜(13%)
(plural shellfish)
noun countable or uncountable
■sea creatures that live in shells and are eaten as food, or one of these creatures 甲壳类水生动物
• Lobsters, crabs, prawns and oysters are all shellfish. 龙虾、螃蟹、对虾和牡蛎都是甲壳类水产品。

Word: absentee
Front: absentee
[ˌæbsənˈti:] (托 13021/14623 -1)
Vocabulary: absentee
(once / 3432 pages)
n
An absentee is someone who doesn't show up when she's supposed to. A high school student who's an absentee too often may end up failing some classes.
If the star player of your basketball team doesn't show up for the big game, she's an absentee. Likewise, if you skip work to go to the beach on a beautiful day, your boss will consider you an absentee. If you fill out an absentee ballot before an election, you're using a special form for voters who won't be physically present at the polls. The Latin root is absentem, "be away from."
WORD FAMILY
absentee: absenteeism, absentees+/ absence: absences/ absent: absence, absented, absentee, absenting, absently, absents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thousands of absentee and provisional ballots remained to be counted.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
The charges: mail fraud, voting more than once, and changing absentee ballots.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
The 1985 prosecution involved three black civil rights activists accused of tampering with large numbers of absentee ballots in Perry County, Alabama.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 缺席者，缺勤者; 在外地主; 在外地主; [信]空号
adj. 缺席者的，在外地主的，在外业主的
分布：缺席者(60%)，不在者(24%)，缺勤者(16%)
缺席者(absent缺席的)[-ee表名词"被动或主动的人"]
noun countable
■someone who is not at school or work when they should be 旷课者；旷工者；缺勤者
• There are several absentees in the school this week, because a lot of people have got flu. 因为流感肆虐，这星期有几个学生缺课。
n. [劳经] 缺席者
 - defaulter

Word: erection
Front: erection
[ɪˈrekʃn] (13126/9631 -1)
Back: n. 建立，设立; 勃起; 直立，竖立; 充血的过程
分布：建造(47%)，建筑物(32%)，直立(21%)
直立,竖立(erect+ion)[rect=stright,right,表示"正,直"]
noun
BUILDING 建筑物
uncountable formal
■the act of building or making a structure 建立；建造
• They approved the erection of an electrified fence around the prison. 他们准许在监狱周围架设电铁丝网。
countable mainly humorous
■a building 建筑物
• This splendid if extraordinary erection from the last century is a local landmark. 这座上世纪的建筑物尽管有些古怪却很壮观，是当地的一个地标。
[ɪ'rek.ʃən] noun
MAN'S PENIS 男性的阴茎
countable
■When a man has an erection, his penis is temporarily harder and bigger than usual and points up （阴茎）勃起
• to get/have an erection 勃起
n. [生理] 勃起；建造；建筑物；直立
 - construction, fabric, structure

Word: diva
Front: diva
[ˈdi:və] (宝 13059/36016 -1)
Vocabulary: diva
(once / 5375 pages)
n
Technically, a diva is a big-time female opera star. Beverly Sills and Maria Callas were two of the world's most renowned divas. More commonly, though, we call anyone who thinks they're more fabulous than everyone else a diva.
The word diva was a compliment, one reserved for only the greatest singers in the world. Lately, though, diva has come to describe someone that's acting entitled or holier than thou. A person who acts like the world revolves around her is a diva. If you walk into a packed restaurant and demand the best table snapping, "Don't you know who I am?", well, that's diva behavior.
WORD FAMILY
diva: divas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Well, happy New Year!” the pop diva told the crowd, not sounding particularly happy.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She was the diva of one of the grandest space operas of all time, and she owned it.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
“No divas,” he says with a wry smile.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 歌剧中的女主角; 主要女歌手; 著名女歌唱家
分布：歌剧女主角(56%)，著名女歌手(44%)
→来自dyeu, 照耀，词源同diva, divine,Zeus. 原义为女神，后来指女歌唱家。
【源】原指意大利著名歌手迪娃Diva
【记】读：帝王－在歌剧中的首席女主角都是演帝王的老婆diva总是diva，diva的唱歌
noun countable
■a very successful and famous female singer 著名女歌唱家
• an Italian opera diva 义大利歌剧女歌唱家
• a pop diva 流行乐女歌星

Word: evasion
Front: evasion
[ɪˈveɪʒn] (托宝 13087/11430 -1)
Vocabulary: evasion
(once / 1823 pages)
1n 2n
Evasion is the act of physically escaping from something, like your evasion of your ex-girlfriend at the prom — you kept dancing. Now that's fancy footwork.
Evasion also means "dodging something you are supposed to do" like your evasion of your chores by pretending to be sick. Evasion can also mean "the deliberate act of failing to pay money," like tax evasion, not paying your taxes. Though evasion comes from the Latin word evadere, "to escape," if you owe the government money, you'll surely be caught eventually.
WORD FAMILY
evasion: evasions+/ evade: evaded, evades, evading, evasion, evasive / evasive: evasively, evasiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the same time, Lotte’s top executives were under investigation on tax evasion and embezzlement charges.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And there was talk about money — India’s recent devaluing of its currency in an apparent effort to cut graft and tax evasion.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Accountants, bankers, lawyers and advisers who assist with tax evasion will be hit with fines as part of a crackdown on the practice.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 逃避，规避，躲避某人; 遁辞，借口
分布：逃避(68%)，躲避(16%)，借口(16%)
→来自evade,逃避。
逃避;借口(e+vas+ion)[vadvas=go,表示"走"]
【记】源于evade（v 规避；逃避）
noun countable or uncountable
■when you avoid something or someone 逃脱；躲开；回避；逃避
• Her speech was full of excuses and evasions and never properly addressed the issue. 她的谈话从头到尾都是些借口托词，根本就没有切实谈过这个问题。
• tax evasion (= illegally not paying tax) 逃税
n. 逃避； [法] 回避；借口
 - excuse, avoidance, blind

Word: pad
Front: pad
[pæd] (研四六雅 3664/5284 -2)
Vocabulary: pad
(once / 686 pages)
1nv 2v 3n 4n 5n
A pad is a soft cushion or mat that protects or supports something. Football players wear pads to keep their bodies from being injured, and you may sit on a pad to cushion your bottom.
A thick cotton bandage is one kind of pad, and your mattress might be topped by another kind of pad. There's also the the soft, cushion-like pad on the bottom of an animal's paws as well as the fleshy part of your own fingertips. There are numerous other pads, including ink pads and helicopter landing pads, and — informally — your cool apartment, or pad. When you pad something, you stuff it, cushion it, or fill it out.
WORD FAMILY
pad: padded, padding, pads+/ padding: paddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goalies wear full padding, but the other players wear sweatpants, jerseys and helmets with face masks.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The same men also donated pads after wearing them on a garlic-free diet.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Winner pads what so far are the two leading MVP resumes.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 给…装衬垫， 加垫子; 填塞; 踏平
vi. 步行，放轻脚步走
n. 垫，衬垫; 护具; 便签本; 发射台
时态：padded, padding, pads
分布：发射台(48%)，衬垫(25%)，公寓(10%)，填塞(5%)，肉趾(3%)，脚印(3%)，轻轻走(2%)，缓慢行走的马(1%)，便签纸(1%)，夸大(1%)，低沉声音(1%)
→可能来自低地德语pad,脚掌，来自pent,踩，踏，词源同path,foot.后引申词义软垫，垫子，便笺本，以及俚语直升机停机坪等。pad 蹚水
n.垫,衬垫;便笺簿v.加上衬垫You mad madam, my dad doesn't like the bad badminton pad.你这个疯太太,我爸爸不喜欢这种坏羽毛球垫.
noun countable
MATERIAL 材料
■a piece of soft thick cloth or rubber which is used to protect a part of the body, give shape to something or clean something 垫，衬垫；护垫
• a knee/shoulder pad 护膝／垫肩
• Footballers often wear shin pads to protect their legs. 足球运动员经常穿护膝以保护双腿。
• In the 1980s, shoulder pads were very fashionable in women's clothes. 20世纪80年代，女性服装非常流行使用垫肩。
• She wiped her eye make-up off with a cotton wool pad. 她用卸妆棉擦去了眼影。
[pæd] noun countable
PAPER 纸
■a number of pieces of paper that have been fastened together along one side, which is used for writing or drawing on 便条纸簿
• I have a pad and pencil for taking notes. 我拿了一本便条簿和一支铅笔来写笔记。
• I always keep a pad of paper by the phone. 我总是在电话旁放一本便条簿。
⇒ See also notepad
[pæd] noun countable
FLAT SURFACE 平面
■a hard flat area of ground where helicopters can take off and land, or from which rockets are sent （直升机的）起降场地；（火箭的）发射台
• The hotel has its own helicopter pad. 这家饭店有自己的直升机停机坪。
• Missiles have been launched from their pads deep in enemy territory. 飞弹已从敌方阵地深处的发射台发射。
■one of the large flat leaves of a water lily （睡莲的）浮叶
• a lily pad 睡莲浮叶
[pæd] noun countable
FOOT 脚
■the soft part at the bottom of a cat or dog's paw (= foot) （猫或狗的）肉掌，爪垫
[pæd] noun countable
HOUSE 房子 old-fashioned slang
■a person's house or apartment 住所，公寓
• a bachelor pad 单身公寓
[pæd] verb transitive (-dd-)
■to put pieces of soft material in something to make it soft, give it a different shape, or protect what is inside （用软物）填塞，填衬
• These walking boots are padded with shock-resistant foam. 这些步行靴加了防震泡沫乳胶垫。
[pæd] verb transitive (-dd-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] pad sth out
■If you pad out a speech or piece of writing, you add unnecessary words or information to make it longer or to hide the fact that you are not saying anything very important. （用多余的内容）延长，扩充（讲话或文章）；掩饰（内容的空洞）
n. [机] 衬垫；便笺簿；填补；印色盒
 - liner, interleaver
vi. 步行；放轻脚步走
 - foot, hoof it
vt. 填补；走
 - step, fill up

Word: fifteenth
Front: fifteenth
[ˌfɪf'ti:nθ] (13042/7182 -4)
Back: num. 第十五; 十五分之一
n. （与the连用）第十五（个）; 月的第十五日
adj. （与the连用）第十五的，第十五个的; 十五分之一的
分布：第十五(100%)
/'--] ordinal number
■15th written as a word 第十五（的）
[ˌfɪf'ti:nθ] /'--] noun countable
■one of fifteen equal parts of something 十五分之一

Word: push-up
Front: push-up
[puʃ ʌp] (-1)
Back: n. 俯卧撑; 模面挤凹
分布：俯卧撑(72%)，伏地挺身(28%)
→比喻用法。
['pʊʃ.ʌp] US (UK press-up)
noun countable
■a physical exercise in which you lie flat with your face towards the floor and try to push up your body with your arms while keeping your legs and your back straight 伏地挺身
n. 俯卧撑；模面挤凹
 - push ups, press-up

Word: disoriented
Front: disoriented
[dɪ'sɔ:rɪəntɪd] (13085/32680)
Vocabulary: disoriented
(once / 36936 pages)
adj
To be disoriented is to feel lost or confused. People who are disoriented either don’t know where they are because they’ve lost their sense of direction, or they don’t know who they are because they’ve lost their sense of self.
Disoriented people feel confused, particularly about place and purpose. If you’ve ever been lost in a new city, you’ve felt disoriented. If you bring a squirrel into your house, it’ll probably be disoriented and bonk into a wall. Getting a concussion could make you disoriented. Diseases like Alzheimer’s can make people feel disoriented. Being disoriented is a confusing, scary feeling. Disoriented comes from the French word that means "to turn from the east."
WORD FAMILY
disorient: disorientation, disoriented, disorienting, disorients+/disorientation: disorientations/ disorienting: disorientingly/ orient: disorient, oriental, orientated, orientation, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient /oriental: orientalise, orientalism, orientalist, orientalize, orientally/orientalise: orientalised, orientalising/orientalism: orientalisms/orientalist: orientalists/orientalize: orientalized, orientalizing/ orientation: orientations/ oriented: unoriented/ reorient: reorientation, reoriented, reorienting
USAGE EXAMPLES
They said Durst, now 73, was “frail, afraid and quite disoriented” at the time of the questioning, according to the court papers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The disoriented are more inclined to seek saviors.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
They said their client was “frail, afraid and quite disoriented,” according to court papers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 分不清方向或目标的，无判断力的
v. 使（某人）迷失方向( disorient的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：分不清方向或目标的(40%)，无判断力的(40%)，动词disorient的过去式和过去分词形式.(20%)
US [-'s:ɔr.i.ən.tˌɪd/ (UK also disorientated)
adjective
■confused and not knowing where to go or what to do 迷失方向的，迷失的
• Whales become disoriented in shallow water. 鲸在浅水中会迷失方向。
v. 使…迷惑（disorient的过去时和过去分词）
 - befuddled

Word: lighted
Front: lighted
[ˈlaɪtɪd] (13079/15453)
Back: v. 点火( light的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）容光焕发; （使）发光; （使）发亮
分布：点燃的(86%)，动词light的过去时和过去分词形式.(7%)，亮着的(7%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [before noun]
■burning or starting to burn 燃烧的，点燃的
• a lighted candle/match 点燃的蜡烛／火柴
• a lighted fuse 点燃的引信
adj. 发光的；燃烧的
 - burning, luminous
v. 点燃（light的过去分词）；照亮
 - highlighted

Word: flag
Front: flag
[flæg] (中高研四六托雅宝 2444/3502 -K3)
Vocabulary: flag
(once / 120 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5n 6v
A flag is a piece of cloth that represents a country, group, or institution. If you're particularly proud of your Irish heritage, you might fly an Irish flag in your front yard.
A real flag enthusiast might fly the American flag, their state flag, their city's flag, and the flag of their parents' birth countries. There are also flags used for signaling on ships at sea and during races and sporting events, and flags that represent armies or advertise products. When flag is used as a verb, it means "to lose energy or enthusiasm." When students start to flag in the afternoon, they tend to take a quick nap — sitting up at their desks.
WORD FAMILY
flag: flagged, flagging, flags+/ flagging: flaggingly, flaggings, unflagging/unflagging: unflaggingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
A flag was thrown immediately, and the call was upheld on review.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Its scoreboard is flanked by American and Israeli flags.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There are warning flags on Iowa’s fiscal horizon.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 旗; 旗帜; 信号旗; 菖蒲
vt. 标示
vi. 疲乏，变弱，热情衰减
时态：flagged, flagging, flags
分布：旗(84%)，旗帜(13%)，信号旗(1%)，枯萎(1%)，减退(1%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词。即模仿旗帜或菖蒲在风中晃动的声音。引申义热情衰减，主要用于形容词unflagging, 不懈的。
n.旗The lagging man tagged the bags among the luggage with small flags.落伍者给行李中的袋子加上小旗标签.
【记】在没风的时候flag就flag
【参】flaggy（adj 不振作的；萎靡的）
【反】wax（vi 变大；增大；月亮渐满）；flagging（衰弱的）－thriving（adj 欣欣向荣的）/ vibrant（adj 充满活力的）
noun countable
SYMBOL 象征
 IMPROVER
■a piece of cloth, usually rectangular and fixed to a pole at one edge, that has a pattern which shows it represents a country or a group, or has a particular meaning 旗
• Flags of all the participating countries are flying outside the stadium. 所有参赛国家的国旗都挂在体育场外。
• Flags were flapping/fluttering in the breeze. 旗子在和风中飘扬。
• The guard waved his flag and the train pulled away from the station. 护卫挥旗示意，火车从车站驶离。
[flæg] noun countable
STONE 石头
■a flagstone
[flæg] noun countable
PLANT 植物
■a type of large iris (FLOWER) 菖蒲（一种大的鸢尾花）
[flæg] noun countable
keep the flag flying mainly UK
■to act or speak for the country or group which a flag represents 代表国家（或组织）行动（或发言）
[flæg] noun countable
Put the flags out! UK humorous
■something that you say when you are pleased and surprised that something has happened 悬旗致敬！（表示对发生的事感到惊讶和高兴）
• Josh has cleaned the bathroom - put the flags out! 乔希清理了浴室——向他悬旗致敬！
[flæg] noun countable
wave/show/fly the flag UK
■to show support for the country, group or organization that you belong to （对自己的国家、团体或组织）表示拥护，摇旗呐喊
[flæg] verb (-gg-)
MARK 记号
transitive
■to put a mark on something so it can be found easily among other similar things 给…做标记
• Flag any files which might be useful later. 给日后可能有用的档做上标记。
transitive specialized
■to mark computer information with one of two possible values so that you can process it later 标记（将电脑里可能有用的资讯标注出来，以便日后处理）
• We'll flag the records of interest in the database and then we can give you a print-out. 我们会在资料库中把感兴趣的纪录标记出来，之后列印一份给你。
[flæg] verb (-gg-)
BECOME TIRED 变得疲倦
intransitive
■to become tired or less interested 变得疲倦；兴趣衰减
• I was starting to flag after the ninth mile. 走了九英里后，我开始感到疲倦了。
• The conversation was flagging. 谈话越来越乏味了。
[flæg] verb (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flag sth/sb down
■to cause a vehicle to stop by waving at its driver 挥手示意（某人）停车
• I managed to flag down a passing police car. 我挥手示意，设法拦下了一辆路过的警车。
flag, banner
这组词都有“旗”的意思，其区别是：
flag: 普通用词，含义最广，多指有彩色图案，悬挂于旗杆或绳索上的长方形旗帜，或国旗，也可指单位或组织的旗。
banner: 比较庄重文雅的用词，指表示象征性的旗帜，如常用于指党旗或代表某种主义的旗。
vi. 标记；衰退；枯萎
 - fail, decay
vt. 标记；插旗
 - emblemize
n. 标志；旗子
 - symbol, seal

Word: scooter
Front: scooter
[ˈsku:tə(r)] (宝 13066/23519)
Back: n. <英>小型摩托车; （儿童）滑板车
分布：踏板车(68%)，小型摩托车(32%)
→来自 scoot,疾行，快走，猛冲，-er,表物。原指快速行走的人，后指一种小型摩托车。
【记】读：速可达－踏板车
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
TOY 玩具
■a child's vehicle with two or three small wheels joined to the bottom of a narrow board and a long vertical handle fixed to the front wheel. It is ridden by standing with one foot on the board and pushing against the ground with the other foot. 踏板车
UK ['sku:.tər] US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
MOTORCYCLE 摩托车
■a motor scooter

Word: undisturbed
Front: undisturbed
[ˌʌndɪˈstɜ:bd] (托 13096/11295 -1)
Back: adj. 未被打搅的; 泰然自若的; 镇静的; 未扰动
分布：安静的(51%)，镇定的(26%)，未受干扰的(23%)
US [-'stɝ:bd] adjective
■not interrupted or changed in any way 未被打扰的；未被改变的
• eight hours of undisturbed sleep 八个小时安静的睡眠
adj. 安静的；镇定的； [物] 未被扰乱的；泰然自若的
 - quiet, collected, contained, tranquil

Word: compost
Front: compost
[ˈkɒmpɒst] (宝 6156/8153 -2)
Vocabulary: compost
(once / 5390 pages)
nv
Compost is organic matter like orange peels and coffee grinds mixed together and left to decay, usually in a compost pile, then used as fertilizer. To make such a mixture is to compost.
To compost is to make a mixture of organic matter, such as manure and leftover food, and leave it somewhere like a compost pile in the back yard or in a bucket with a tight lid in the kitchen. The mixture is also called compost, and after it sits and decays for a while, voila! It turns into fertilizer that makes the soil rich and the plants happy.
WORD FAMILY
compost: composted, composting, composts
USAGE EXAMPLES
But be warned, you must vacate by Jan. 8, "when the property is scheduled to be composted."
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
If you’re a gardener who composts, bring a container and dip into a box on the porch labeled “free coffee grounds.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
During the same time, recycling and composting grew by 2 percent, or 11,790 tons.
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 堆肥; 混合，合成
vt. 施堆肥; 把（蔬菜等）制成堆肥
时态：composted, composting, composts
分布：堆肥(87%)，混合肥料(12%)，使成堆肥(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pos, 放置，词源同opponent, position. 即把腐叶等放在一起发酵成肥料的。
US ['kɑ:m.poʊst] noun uncountable
■decaying plant material which is added to soil to improve its quality 混合肥料；堆肥
n. [肥料] 堆肥；混合物
 - mixture, hybrid, mix

Word: din
Front: din
[dɪn] (雅宝 13151/14753 -1)
Vocabulary: din
(once / 842 pages)
nv
Walk into the average school cafeteria at lunchtime, and you'll get a good sense of what a din is — loud, confused, continuous, generally unpleasant, and often potentially headache-inducing noise.
Who knew noise pollution was a problem in ancient times? Humans have been experiencing loud, sustained, annoying sounds for centuries, judging by the etymology of the word din. It traces its roots back to Old English dyne or dynn, which had the same meaning as din does today, only with a different pronunciation. Before that, it popped up in Old Norse as dynr and meant to "come rumbling down" — fitting, from the language that gave us Thor, the God of Thunder.
WORD FAMILY
din: dinned, dinning, dins
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that might not be possible: Yesh Din, a human rights group that represents Palestinian landowners, says that plot is privately owned as well.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Shake Shack: The lines at Shake Shack may actually rival the crowds at Din Tai Fung.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Until then, bus drivers would announce the bus number when they opened the door, but McCarthy wasn’t always able to hear it over the din.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 喧闹声
vt. 喧闹; 喋喋不休地说
vi. 喧闹
时态：dinned, dinning, dins
分布：喧嚣(54%)，喧闹(44%)，絮聒不休地说(2%)
→拟声词。
【记】象声词：源于大街上汽车喇叭的di，di，di的声音
【反】silence（v /n 安静）；hush（v /n 寂静）
noun only singular
■a loud unpleasant confused noise which lasts for a long time 喧嚣，嘈杂声
• the din of the traffic 车辆噪声
• I had to shout to make myself heard above the din. 由于噪音太大我不得不扯着嗓门说话好让别人听到。
• The children were making a terrible din. 孩子们在制造可怕的噪音。
[dɪn] verb (-nn-)
[dɪn] verb (-nn-)
  Phrasal Verbs  din sth into sb
■to say something forcefully and repeatedly to someone so that they remember it 向（某人）反覆强调，对（某人）反覆告诫
• It was dinned into me that I mustn't be late. 我被反覆告诫千万不要迟到。
vt. 喧闹，絮絮不休地说
 - whoop up
vi. 喧闹，絮絮不休地说
 - whoop up, bustle
n. 喧嚣
 - uproariousness, hurly-burly

Word: alongside
Front: alongside
[əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd] (高研六雅 4203/2737 -K3)
Vocabulary: alongside
(once / 357 pages)
adv
Use the adverb alongside when two things are right next to each other, like a boat and a dock or a hunter and her loyal dog.
If you pull up alongside your friend's car in a parking lot, it means that you've parked directly beside it. Alongside can also imply cooperation, as when a baker's assistant works alongside him, kneading dough and wiping flour off the counter. Alongside was once a phrase, either "along side" or "along the side," both primarily used in a nautical sense, to talk about boats. In the 1700s it became a single word.
WORD FAMILY
alongside
USAGE EXAMPLES
In central Mexico’s Mezquital Valley, new pick-up trucks bounce along unpaved roads and U.S.-style houses are springing up alongside cornfields.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Meanwhile, she authorised the transfer to Estonia of high-precision long-range missiles to be deployed alongside drones, tanks and RAF jets.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
This was where Publius Decius Mus began his career, alongside a handful of other writers, most of whom adopted Latin pseudonyms.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adv. 在…的侧面; 在…旁边; 与…并排
prep. 在…旁边; 横靠; 傍着
分布：在旁边(89%)，在 ... 旁边(11%)
ad.在旁边prep.和...在一起;在...旁边The lengthened long fishing rod alongside the lake belongs to me.靠在湖边的加长长钓竿属于我.
US [ə'lɑ:ŋ.saɪd] preposition adverb
 IMPROVER
■next to, or together with 在…旁边；与…一起
• A car pulled up alongside (ours). 一辆车开过来停在（我们车的）旁边。
• The new pill will be used alongside existing medicines. 这种新药将配合现有药物一起服用。
• Most of the staff refused to work alongside the new team. 大多数职员拒绝和这个新团队一起工作。
• Britain fought alongside France, Turkey and Sardinia during the Crimean War. 在克里米亚战争中，英国和法国、土耳其以及撒丁尼亚王国并肩作战。
adv. 在旁边
 - aside

Word: flat
Front: flat
[flæt] (中高研四六托雅 2569/1448 -K4)
Vocabulary: flat
(once / 98 pages)
1adjnadv 2adjn 3adjadv 4adjn
A flat is an apartment. If a girl invites you up to her flat, she's not trying to squash you, she's inviting you over. And she's probably from England, because flat is much more common in British than American English.
Geometrically, something flat is an even, level plane, like Kansas relative to the Rocky Mountains, or the cargo area of a flatbed truck. As an adjective, flat means "less than lively." A flat soda has no bubbles. If your speech falls flat, no one was excited. If you get mugged you might choose to lie flat on the ground. A flat note is just below the right pitch. And if you're cooking is flat, it's boring.
WORD FAMILY
flat: flatlet, flatly, flatness, flats, flatted, flatten, flattest, flatting+/flatlet: flatlets/flatness: flatnesses/flatten: flattened, flattening, flattens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Tsang pleaded not guilty to three charges of bribery and misconduct, relating to a luxury flat in China.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Gold XAU= was sluggish, with the precious metal sliding about 0.1 percent to $1,150.82, after a flat start to the year on Monday.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
The 25-year-old victim fell through the corrugated plastic ceiling of a kitchen annexe in a basement flat on Charles Road on New Year's Day.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 平的; 单调的; 不景气的; 干脆的
adv. （尤指贴着另一表面）平直地; 断然地; 水平地; 直接地，完全地
n. 平地; 公寓; 平面
vt. 使变平; [音乐]使（音调）下降，尤指降半音
vi. 逐渐变平; [音乐]以降调唱（或奏）
级别：flatter, flattest
分布：平坦的(34%)，扁平的(27%)，单调的(11%)，平直地(9%)，气不足的(4%)，变平(4%)，断然的(3%)，直截了当(3%)，住公寓(2%)，降调(2%)，平面部分(1%)
→来自pele, 平的。词源同plan, plane. 引申词义套间，公寓。
a.平坦的,扁平的,平淡的n.一套房间;平面On the flat platform the bat will pat whatever hat it likes.在平坦的站台上,蝙蝠会拍打它喜欢的任何帽子.
adjective (flatter, flattest)
LEVEL 水准的
 ESSENTIAL
■level and smooth, with no curved, high, or hollow parts 水准的；平坦的
• An ice rink needs to be completely flat. 溜冰场地必须十分平坦。
• Roll out the pastry on a flat surface. 在平的面板上把油酥面团擀薄。
• Much of the countryside in East Anglia is very flat. 英吉利亚东部的许多乡村都地势平坦。
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
NOT HIGH 不高的
■level but having little or no height 扁平的
• flat shoes (= shoes which do not have a raised heel) 平底鞋
■describes bread which is made without yeast, and therefore does not rise （面包）未发酵的
• Pitta and naan are two types of flat bread. 嵌面包和印度薄饼是两种未发酵的面包。
flat cap/hat UK
■a hat which is not rounded on top and has little height 低顶帽
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
NOT ACTIVE 不积极的
■not active; not interesting or without emotion 不积极的；不感兴趣的；缺乏热情的
• After the excitement of the party, life seems rather flat now. 派对的兴奋感过去之后，生活现在似乎相当乏味。
• I thought her performance a little flat. 我觉得她的表演有点平淡。
• I think the colours in this painting are rather flat (= not varied or bright). 我认为这幅油画的色彩相当平淡。
• UK I left my car lights on all night and now the battery is flat (US dead)(= has no electrical power left in it). 我的车灯整晚没关，现在电池没电了。
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
DRINK 饮品
■describes a drink which has stopped being fizzy (= with bubbles) （饮品）走了气的
• If you don't put the top back on that bottle of beer, it will go flat. 你要是不把那瓶啤酒的瓶盖盖上，它会走气的。
Compare still
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
COMPLETE 完全的
[before noun] (US also flat-out)
■complete or certain, and not likely to change 彻底的；肯定的；断然的
• His request for time off work was met with a flat refusal. 他的歇班要求遭到了断然拒绝。
• The minister has issued a flat denial of the accusations against her. 那位部长矢口否认对她的那些指控。
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
WITHOUT AIR 无气体
■If something such as a tyre or ball is flat, it does not contain enough air （轮胎或球）泄了气的，撒了气的
• I got a flat UK tyre / US tire (= The air went out of it) after driving over a nail. 我的车胎扎了钉子后泄了气了。
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
FIXED 固定的
[before noun]
■(especially of an amount of money) fixed; not likely to change （尤指钱数）固定的，不变的
• We charge a flat fee/rate of $25 per hour. 我们每小时统一收费25美元。
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
And that's flat! UK informal
■used to tell someone that the decision you have just announced will not change even if they try to persuade you to change it 没有商量的余地，就这么定了
• I'm not coming, and that's flat! 我不去，不用再说了！
[flæt] adjective (flatter, flattest)
be (as) flat as a pancake informal
■to be very flat 非常平坦，平坦如镜
• The countryside around Cambridge is as flat as a pancake. 剑桥周围的乡村地势平坦如砥。
[flæt] noun
HOME 家
 ESSENTIAL countable UK (US apartment)
■a set of rooms for living in which are part of a larger building and are usually all on one floor 公寓；单元房
• a furnished/unfurnished flat 配家俱／未配家俱的公寓
• a block of flats 一栋公寓楼
• They have a house in the country and a flat in London. 他们在乡下有一栋房子，在伦敦有一间公寓。
⇒ See also flatmate
[flæt] noun
LEVEL GROUND 平地
countable often plural
■an area of low level ground, often near water （常指水边的）平地；低洼地
• The salt flats are used for motor racing. 盐滩被用作摩托车比赛场地。
• The mud flats attract large numbers of birds. 潮泥滩吸引了大批鸟类。
the flat of your hand
■the palm and fingers when they are held straight and level 手掌
• He hit me with the flat of his hand. 他打了我一巴掌。
be on the flat
■to be on a level surface, not on a slope or hill 在平地上
• Most of the path is on the flat. 这条小径大部分都在平地上。
[flæt] noun
TYRE WITHOUT AIR 无气体的轮胎
countable usually singular mainly US informal
■a flat tyre
• We were late because we had to stop and fix a flat. 我们迟到了，因为中途不得不停下来修理泄气的轮胎。
[flæt] noun
SHOES 平底鞋
flats [plural]
■women's shoes without high heels （女式）平跟鞋，平底鞋
• I feel more comfortable in flats. 我穿平底鞋感觉更舒适。
[flæt] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■(a symbol for) a note that is a semitone lower than a stated note 降半音；降音符号
[flæt] adjective adverb (flatter, flattest)
MUSIC 音乐
■(in music) lower than a particular note or the correct note （音乐）低于标准音高的，偏低的
• The top string on your violin is flat. 你的小提琴 E 弦音偏低。
• She sang flat throughout the song (= all the notes she sang were too low). 她把整首歌的音调都唱低了。
Compare natural ; sharp
[flæt] adverb (flatter, flattest)
LEVEL 水准
 IMPROVER
■in a level position, often against another surface （常贴着另一表面）水准地，平直地
• Lay the cloth flat across the table. 把布平铺在桌子上。
[flæt] adverb (flatter, flattest)
NOT HIGH 不高
■into a flat shape without height 扁平地
• These garden chairs will fold flat for storage. 这些花园坐椅可以折叠起来存放。
[flæt] adverb (flatter, flattest)
COMPLETELY 彻底地 informal
■completely or to the greatest degree possible 彻底；断然
• She told him flat] US also flat out that she would not go to the show. 她直截了当地告诉他她是不会去看表演的。
• Could you lend me some money, I'm flat broke (= I have no money). 你能借我些钱吗？我连一块钱也没有。
⇒ See also stony broke
three minutes/half an hour, etc. flat informal
■exactly three minutes/half an hour, etc 刚好三分钟／半小时等
• We managed to get to the station in five minutes flat. 我们设法正好用了五分钟时间赶到了车站。
flat out informal
■as fast or as hard as possible 全速；全力以赴
• My car only does about 60 mph, even when it's going flat out. 我的车即使全速行驶，也只能跑到每小时60英里左右。
• We've been working flat out to get this done. 为了完成这项工作，我们一直在全力以赴。
quarters, accommodation, flat, apartment, suite, lodging
这组词都有“住处”的意思，其区别是：
quarters: 指某一部分人集中的居住区。
accommodation: 泛指各种居住住所，一般指暂时下榻之地。
flat: 多用于英国、澳大利亚和新西兰。指同一层建筑物上组成一个居住单元的几个房间。
apartment: 通常指占用或居住时间较长的成套房间，在美国比较常用。
suite: 可泛指任何设备完善的一套房间，但多指包括起居室、卧室和浴室的陈设较豪华的套间。
lodging: 常用lodgins,指临时租借的房间或宿舍。
smooth, level, flat, even
这组词都有“平的，平坦的”的意思，其区别是：
smooth: 侧重指表面十分平滑，无任何粗糙的感觉。引申作圆滑解。
level: 强调没有高低之处，且在同一水平面，可引申指才能相等或与相邻某物平行。
flat: 指光滑平整的表面，但不一定是水平的。
even: 通常指平面上的各点或一条直线的各点处在同一平面或直线上。
adj. 平坦的；扁平的；浅的；单调的
 - even, low, level, shallow, blank
adv. 平直地；断然地
 - positively, emphatically
n. 平地；平面；公寓
 - apartment, plane
vi. 变平
 - even

Word: attracting
Front: attracting
[əˈtræktɪŋ] (13107/14014)
Back: v. 吸引( attract的现在分词 ); 使喜爱; 引起…的好感（或爱慕）; 具有吸引力
分布：吸引(98%)，引来(2%)
VERB
吸引
If something attracts people or animals, it has features that cause them to come to it.
例：The Cardiff Bay project is attracting many visitors...加的夫海湾项目吸引了众多游客。
例：Warm weather has attracted the flat fish close to shore...煦暖的气候将比目鱼引到了近海。
VERB
引起…的注意（或兴趣、赞赏等）；诱惑
If someone or something attracts you, they have particular qualities which cause you to like or admire them. If a particular quality attracts you to a person or thing, it is the reason why you like them.
例：He wasn't sure he'd got it right, although the theory attracted him by its logic...该理论的逻辑性吸引了他，但他不能确定自己的理解是否正确。
例：What first attracted me to her was her incredible experience of life...她离奇的人生经历最先吸引了我。
VERB
引起…的好感;吸引;诱惑
If you are attracted to someone, you are interested in them sexually.
例：In spite of her hostility, she was attracted to him...尽管自己心存敌意，她还是为他所吸引。
例：I was married to a man who had ceased to attract me.我嫁给了一个我已不再钟情的男人。
VERB
吸引，招引（支持、关注或金钱）
If something attracts support, publicity, or money, it receives support, publicity, or money.
例：President Mwinyi said his country would also like to attract investment from private companies...姆维尼总统说他的国家同样愿意吸收来自私营公司的投资。
例：Opinion polls suggest that the two rebels have attracted a lot of sympathy.民意测验显示两名反对者获得了大量支持。
VERB
（物体间）吸引，产生引力
If one object attracts another object, it causes the second object to move towards it.
例：Anything with strong gravity attracts other things to it.任何有较强重力的物体都会对其他物体产生引力。

Word: weakest
Front: weakest
[wi:kɪst] (13109/-)
Back: adj. 弱的( weak的最高级 ); 微弱的; 无说服力的; 淡的
分布：最弱的(98%)，形容词weak的最高级形式.(2%)
ADJ-GRADED
(身体)虚弱的，无力的
If someone is weak, they are not healthy or do not have good muscles, so that they cannot move quickly or carry heavy things.
例：I was too weak to move or think or speak...我太虚弱了，无法动弹，无法思考，也无法说话。
例：His arms and legs were weak.他的四肢虚弱无力。
ADJ-GRADED
(器官或感官)功能差的，受损伤的
If someone has an organ or sense that is weak, it is not very effective or powerful, or is likely to fail.
例：Until the beating, Cantanco's eyesight had been weak, but adequate...挨打前坎坦科的视力就一直很弱，不过也还勉强看得见。
例：She tired easily and had a weak heart.她很容易疲劳，心脏也不好。
ADJ-GRADED
意志薄弱的;懦弱的
If you describe someone as weak, you mean that they are not very confident or determined, so that they are often frightened or worried, or easily influenced by other people.
例：He was a nice doctor, but a weak man who wasn't going to stick his neck out...他是位为人和蔼的医生，但胆小怕事，不敢冒什么风险。
例：You have been conditioned to believe that it is weak to be scared.你已经习惯性地认为害怕就是软弱。
ADJ-GRADED
(声音或笑容)微弱的，不热情的，无力的
If you describe someone's voice or smile as weak, you mean that it is not very loud or big, suggesting that the person lacks confidence, enthusiasm, or physical strength.
例：His weak voice was almost inaudible...他的声音微弱，几乎听不见。
例：He managed a weak smile.他勉强挤出一丝笑容。
ADJ-GRADED
不牢固的;易破的;易坏的
If an object or surface is weak, it breaks easily and cannot support a lot of weight or resist a lot of strain.
例：The owner said the bird may have escaped through a weak spot in the aviary...鸟的主人说这只鸟可能是从鸟舍一处不结实的地方逃走的。
例：Swimming is helpful for bones that are porous and weak.游泳有助于改善骨质疏松和骨骼脆弱。
ADV-GRADED
无力度的;无强度的
A weak physical force does not have much power or intensity.
例：The molecules in regular liquids are held together by relatively weak bonds...常规液体里分子之间的键合力相对较弱。
例：Strong winds can turn boats when the tide is weak.潮水小的时候强风可以让船只改变航向。
ADJ-GRADED
无权力的;无权威的;无影响力的
If individuals or groups are weak, they do not have any power or influence.
例：The council was too weak to do anything about it.市政会手中无权，对此无能为力。
ADJ-GRADED
(政府或领导人) 软弱无力的
A weak government or leader does not have much control, and is not prepared or able to act firmly or severely.
例：The changes come after mounting criticism that the government is weak and indecisive...随着对政府软弱和优柔寡断的批评愈演愈烈，情况终于有了变化。
例：The chief editorial writer also blames weak leadership for the current crisis.首席社论员也把当前的危机归咎于领导层软弱无力。
ADJ-GRADED
(货币、经济、产业、政府等)疲软的，有崩溃危险的
If you describe something such a country's currency, economy, industry, or government as weak, you mean that it is not successful, and may be likely to fail or collapse.
例：The weak dollar means American goods are relative bargains for foreigners...美元疲软意味着美国的产品对外国人来说相对便宜。
例：When the economy is weak, it's very hard for suppliers to raise their prices.经济疲软时供货商很难提价。
ADJ-GRADED
(论据等)不充分的，没有说服力的;(逻辑)不周密的
If something such as an argument or case is weak, it is not convincing or there is little evidence to support it.
例：Do you think the prosecution made any particular errors, or did they just have a weak case?...你认为公诉人犯了什么错误呢，还是根本就是证据不足？
例：The claim exposed a weak point in the structure of facts upon which his argument rested...这一主张暴露了支撑他论点的论据结构的一个弱点。
ADJ-GRADED
稀薄的;稀释的
A weak drink, chemical, or drug contains very little of a particular substance, for example because a lot of water has been added to it.
例：...a cup of weak tea...一杯淡茶
例：...a very weak bleach solution.高度稀释的漂白剂
ADJ-GRADED
(能力等)弱的，差的
Your weak points are the qualities or talents you do not possess, or the things you are not very good at.
例：You may very well be asked what your weak points are. Don't try to claim you don't have any...你很可能会被问到有什么缺点。不要试图声称自己没有任何缺点。
例：Geography was my weak subject...地理是我的弱项。
ADJ-GRADED
（下巴）瘦小的;（尤暗指）性格懦弱的
You can say that someone has a weak chin to indicate that their chin is not large, especially when you want to suggest that they do not have a strong character.
例：She was a plain-looking woman with a weak chin.她相貌平平，性格懦弱。

Word: complimentary
Front: complimentary
[ˌkɒmplɪˈmentri] (托 13108/11238 -1)
Vocabulary: complimentary
(once / 1745 pages)
adj
If you say something complimentary, like "Grandma, that plastic flower looks so pretty in your hair," you are flattering, praising or admiring someone.
"Resembling a compliment" is one way to define the word complimentary, when you use it in the sense of giving praise. A second meaning of complimentary is "free." If your hotel includes breakfast with the price of your room, they may call it a complimentary breakfast. It's easy to get complimentary confused with complementary, which sounds exactly the same but means "filling in or completing."
WORD FAMILY
complimentary: complimentarily, uncomplimentary+/ compliment: complimentary, complimented, complimenting, compliments/uncomplimentary: uncomplimentarily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lane argued it was a complimentary reference to physical strength and “was not accompanied by any overtly racial slurs.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Each ticket includes headset rental and one complimentary sparkling wine toast. 9 p.m.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Mr. Muilenburg was also complimentary of Mr. Trump, saying “he’s a good man. And he’s doing the right thing.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 表示敬意的; 赞美的; 恭维的; 赠送的
adv. 崇敬地，赞美地，赞许地
分布：免费赠送的(45%)，称赞的(29%)，问候的(26%)
→来自compliment, 恭贺，道贺。现该词主要用于在基本服务基础上的免费升级，如免费升舱，免费早餐等。
【反】scathing（adj 尖刻的）；vituperative（adj 辱骂的）
US [ˌkɑ:m.plɪ'men.tˌɚ-] adjective
PRAISING 赞美的
■praising or expressing admiration for someone 赞美的；赞赏的；恭维的
• The reviews of his latest film have been highly complimentary. 评论文章对他的最新影片高度赞赏。
• She wasn't very complimentary about your performance, was she? 她对你的表演不怎么赞赏，是吗？
• Our guests said some very complimentary things about the meal I'd cooked. 我们的客人对我做的饭菜大加赞赏。
Opposite uncomplimentary
UK [ˌkɒm.plɪ'men.tər.i] US [ˌkɑ:m.plɪ'men.tˌɚ-] adjective
FREE 免费的
■If tickets, books, etc. are complimentary, they are given free, especially by a business. （尤指票、书等由公司）免费赠送的
adj. 赠送的；称赞的；问候的
 - laudatory

Word: Jamaican
Front: Jamaican
[dʒə'meɪkən] (13100/16294)
Back: n. 牙买加人
adj. 牙买加的；牙买加人的
分布：牙买加的(56%)，牙买加人(44%)
noun countable adjective
■Jamaican 牙买加人／牙买加的

Word: VIP
Front: VIP
[,vi: ai 'pi:] (13092/15565 -1)
Back: abbr. 大人物，贵宾（Very Important Person）；视频接口处理器（Video Interface Processor）；可变信息处理（Variable Information Processing）
分布：贵宾(100%)
noun countable
■a very important person; a person who is treated better than ordinary people because they are famous or influential (= having a lot of influence) in some way 要人；贵宾
• They were in the VIP lounge at the airport. 他们在机场的贵宾休息室。
• We were given the full VIP treatment. 我们受到了全套的贵宾礼遇。

Word: malicious
Front: malicious
[məˈlɪʃəs] (六托宝 13112/11330 -1)
Vocabulary: malicious
(once / 705 pages)
adj
Someone who is malicious enjoys hurting or embarrassing others. If you're writing a book about good and evil, you'll want to come up with a truly malicious character to do all the bad stuff.
Malicious is the adjective based on the noun malice, which means the desire to harm others. Both words come from the Latin word malus, for bad. If someone is malicious he doesn't just make bad things happen; he loves to make bad things happen.
WORD FAMILY
malicious: maliciousest, maliciously, maliciousness, unmalicious+/ malice: malices, malicious
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, officials say it is possible that the traffic is benign, since this particular IP address is not always connected to malicious activity.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
At least one person opened attachments with malicious software.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Songz faces malicious destruction of property and resisting and obstructing charges.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶意的，有敌意的; 蓄意的; 预谋的; 存心不良的
分布：恶毒的(76%)，怀恶意的(24%)
→来自malice,邪恶，恶毒。
【记】mal坏，icious－恶意的
【参】malice（n 恶意）坏mal的冰块ice让你吃－恶意；
【反】expansive（adj 易膨胀的）
adjective
■intended to harm or upset other people 恶意的，恶毒的，意在伤人的
• malicious gossip 用意歹毒的流言蜚语
• a malicious look in his eyes 他恶狠狠的眼神
• He complained that he'd been receiving malicious telephone calls. 他抱怨说他接二连三地接到恶意骚扰电话。
• legal He was charged with malicious wounding. 他被控蓄意伤人。
adj. 恶意的；恶毒的；蓄意的；怀恨的
 - vicious, poisonous

Word: transfusion
Front: transfusion
[trænsˈfju:ʒn] (13138/10670 -1)
Vocabulary: transfusion
(once / 7415 pages)
n
A transfusion is when doctors put blood into a patient's vein. An accident victim might need a transfusion if he's lost blood.
Besides accidents, there are other medical conditions that require blood transfusions, such as heart disease and some kinds of surgery. The blood a patient receives during a transfusion usually comes from donations given by healthy people. You can use the noun transfusion for any transfer of liquid, like the pouring of lemonade from a glass pitcher to a plastic one, though it's most often used to describe the medical procedure.
WORD FAMILY
transfusion: transfusions+/ transfuse: transfused, transfuses, transfusing, transfusion
USAGE EXAMPLES
And in between, I deal with blood transfusions.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
He received blood transfusions to be strong enough to travel to some games, and returned to the hospital after others.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The woman had become infected with H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS, through a blood transfusion obtained from a blood bank.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 输血; 渗透; 倾注
分布：输血(79%)，输液(20%)，转移(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■the process of adding an amount of blood to the body of a person or animal, or the amount of blood itself 输血；输血量
• She suffered kidney failure and needed a blood transfusion. 她得了肾衰竭，需要输血。
transfusion of sth
■when a new quantity of something powerful, effective or important is put into an organization, group or place （对组织、群体或地方）…的注入
• a transfusion of talent/energy/money 人才／能源／资金的输入
n. [临床] 输血；输液；倾注；灌输
 - blood filtering, implantation

Word: courier
Front: courier
[ˈkʊriə(r)] (托雅 13082/12107 -2)
Vocabulary: courier
(once / 942 pages)
n
A courier is a person you trust with delivering important messages or packages. Let your mail carrier deliver your credit card bill and the form letter from the “Save the Orchids” foundation, but trust a courier with your book contract or birth certificate.
Couriers are in a hurry. Do they saunter up your driveway the way a mail carrier does? No! Couriers are clearly on important business; they’re jogging. The word comes from a Latin word, currere, meaning “to run.” Nowadays, you might see couriers on bicycles, however, weaving in and out of traffic to deliver your messages on time.
WORD FAMILY
courier: couriers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It just kind of struck a nerve with me,” said Kevin Cooney, a voter from The Courier Times in Bucks County, Pa.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Greaves, 23 in 1989, who now runs a courier company in his native Heswall, said the verdicts lifted a weight of 27 years.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Once a month, a courier from Brinkmann would arrive at her front door with two cartons of cigarettes.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 旅游团的服务员; 导游; （传递信息或重要文件的）信使; 通讯员
分布：旅行服务员(44%)，急差(28%)，送快信的(28%)
→来自词根cur, 跑，词源同course, current.
信使(cour+ier→跑的人→信使)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
US [-i.ɚ] noun countable
MESSAGE 消息
■a person who carries important messages or documents for someone else （递送重要书信或文件的）信差 ，递送员
• I want to have this package delivered by motorcycle courier. 我想找摩托车递送员送这个包裹。
UK ['kʊr.i.ər] US [-i.ɚ] noun countable
HOLIDAY 假期 UK a person who looks after a group of people on holiday especially by giving them advice on what to do, what to see, etc. 旅游团领队，导游
n. 导游；情报员，通讯员；送快信的人
 - ciceroni, gaid

Word: extremism
Front: extremism
[ɪkˈstri:mɪzəm] (13094/21251)
Vocabulary: extremism
(once / 1642 pages)
n
Extremism is a political or religious philosophy that's very far from the mainstream. Because it's so different from the average person's politics. being an anarchist is often considered extremism.
When someone's beliefs are considered to be extreme by most people — if they think, for example, that people should be executed for eating certain foods or using certain words — that person is said to practice extremism, and is labelled an extremist. These words are almost always used in a derogatory way, by people who see themselves as centrist or moderate. The Latin root is extremus, "outermost" or "farthest."
WORD FAMILY
extremism: extremisms, extremist +/ extreme: extremely, extremeness, extremes, extremest, extremism, extremity /extremeness: extremenesses/ extremist: extremists/ extremity: extremities
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the beefs with “Captain Fantastic” is that it promotes an all-or-nothing extremism that rings hollow.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Of cases where an ideology was recorded, just over half related to Islamist extremism, whilst nearly one in 10 were linked to far-right extremism.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
All of them want an Egyptian government that fights Islamic extremism.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 极端主义; 极端性; 过激论，极端论
分布：极端主义(96%)，过激论(4%)
极端主义(extreme极端)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
noun uncountable
■when someone has beliefs which most people think are unreasonable and unacceptable 偏激的观点；极端主义
• political extremism 政治上的极端主义
n. 极端主义（尤指政治上的极右或极左）；极端性；过激主义
 - ultraism

Word: astute
Front: astute
[əˈstju:t] (托宝 13115/13698 -1)
Vocabulary: astute
(once / 1835 pages)
adj
Someone who is astute is clever and has good judgment. The kid running around with a bucket stuck on his head? Not so astute.
Astute (from Latin) is a formal and flattering adjective for someone with a good head on their shoulders. It differs from its synonym shrewd in placing less emphasis on hardheadedness than on sensitivity: we talk about a shrewd bargainer but an astute interpretation. Other synonyms are perceptive (emphasizing insight) and discerning (emphasizing an ability to distinguish).
WORD FAMILY
astute: astutely, astuteness, astuter, astutest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Serving for 14 years as MP for Slough, in Berkshire, he was, according to the Daily Telegraph, a "tough, astute and popular" parliamentarian.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Vaughan described 25-year-old Root as "a world class player, the best batsman in the team, thoughtful and tactically very astute".
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
These points are astute, but as a recent college graduate, I believe that stories like this must be told.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 机敏的，精明的，狡猾的; 聪慧
分布：精明的(51%)，机敏的(29%)，狡猾的(20%)
→可能来自希腊语asty, 城市，来自词根st, 站立。词源同asteism, 城里人的，故作绅士派头的。
【反】fatuous（adj 愚昧的；愚笨的）
US [-'stu:t] adjective
■clever and quick to see how to take advantage of a situation 敏锐的；精明的
• an astute investor/businesswoman 精明的投资者／女商人
• his astute handling of the situation 他对局势的巧妙处理
• an astute observer of human behaviour 人类行为的敏锐观察者
adj. 机敏的；狡猾的，诡计多端的
 - designing, knowing, subtle

Word: heirloom
Front: heirloom
[ˈeəlu:m] (宝 13144/21872)
Vocabulary: heirloom
(once / 5060 pages)
n
An heirloom is something passed down in a family for generations. Your grandma's prized necklace could be an heirloom.
If you know that an heir is a younger person in a family who will inherit things when relatives die, you have a clue to the meaning of heirloom. An heirloom is a special thing that's handed down, sometimes through a will, but often just from person to person. A portrait of an ancestor could be an heirloom. Many families pass down heirloom jewelry. If you hear someone say, "This belonged to my great-great-grandfather" they're probably talking about an heirloom.
WORD FAMILY
heirloom: heirlooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
One cherished heirloom in her studio is a mahogany desk that her grandfather fashioned in the 1950s.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Some families burned heirlooms rather than leave them for pro-government forces.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Some of you told us about your family heirlooms.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 祖传遗物，传家宝
分布：传家宝(95%)，〈法律〉动产继承物(5%)
→heir,继承，loom,宝贝。
【记】heir（n 继承人）；heiress（n 女性继承人）
US ['er-] noun countable
■a valuable object that has been given by older members of a family to younger members of the same family over many years 传家之宝，祖传之物
• This ring is a family heirloom. 这枚戒指是家里祖传的。

Word: rave
Front: rave
[reɪv] (雅宝 11575/10860 -2)
Vocabulary: rave
(once / 777 pages)
1vn 2nv
If you rave about a book you just read, you're telling people you think it's great, or you're giving it a rave review.
Rave has two levels, one that implies you're very excited about something and the other that you are too excited, so you seem crazy. While raving about a movie means to talk it up, being a raving lunatic means you are engaging in a lot of crazy talk. When you rave about a performance, you talk enthusiastically about it. Take that enthusiastic talking to the next level, and you might be called raving in the crazy sense.
WORD FAMILY
rave: raved, raver, raves, raving+/raver: ravers/raving: ravings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When was the last time you heard anyone raving about a 20-course tasting menu?
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
These guys were not dressed for a New Year’s Eve travellers’ rave in a jungle.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
About 200 people attended an "illegal rave" in a tower of the historic Tyne Bridge.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 胡言乱语，说梦话; 愤怒地说; 咆哮; 狂喜
vt. & vi. 热烈谈论，奋笔疾书
n. 围栏，围板; （人、风、浪的）狂闹，怒吼; 狂欢晚会; <俚>狂热入迷
时态：raved, raving, raves
分布：咆哮(46%)，说胡话(22%)，极力赞扬(18%)，喧闹的宴会(7%)，胡说(7%)
→来自古法语 raver,来自 resver 拼写变体，来自 resver,做白日梦，发疯，游荡，词源同 reverie,rove. 最终词源不详。引申词义狂欢，热烈，热烈赞扬等。
【记】象我们生活在喧嚣的城市的人们，见到river就会rave。
【反】pan（n /v 平底锅；强烈批评）
verb intransitive
SPEAK FOOLISHLY 说蠢话
■to speak in an uncontrolled way, usually because you are upset or angry, or because you are ill （通常指因为心烦、愤怒或生病而）语无伦次，胡言乱语，说胡话
• He's always raving (on) about the government. 他总是语无伦次地大骂政府。
• She was ranting and raving about some imagined insult. 她臆想有人侮辱她便大骂大叫。
[reɪv] verb intransitive
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情的 informal
■to praise something very much 赞不绝口；极力赞扬；热烈吹捧
• She raved about/over the clothes she had seen at the Paris fashion shows. 她对巴黎时装展上展出的服装赞不绝口。
[reɪv] adjective [before noun] informal
■admiring; giving praise 狂热褒评的；大加赞扬的；捧上天的
• The show has received rave reviews/notices in all the papers. 这场演出受到所有报纸的高度评价／吸引了所有报纸的注意并得到热情洋溢的报道。
[reɪv] noun countable mainly UK informal
■an event where young people dance to modern electronic music and sometimes take illegal drugs （年轻人随着现代电子音乐跳舞且有时吸毒的）狂欢派对，锐舞派对
• an all-night/open-air rave 通宵／露天狂欢派对
• rave music 狂欢派对舞曲
n. 咆哮；胡言乱语；热烈赞美
 - roar, riddlemeree
vi. 咆哮；胡言乱语；狂骂
 - gnar, full of bull
vt. 咆哮；语无伦次地说
 - huff and puff, bark

Word: wrinkle
Front: wrinkle
[ˈrɪŋkl] (高研六托雅宝 7819/14095 -1)
Vocabulary: wrinkle
(once / 468 pages)
nv
If you work to iron a stubborn wrinkle out of your shirt, you're trying to smooth out a crease. A wrinkle is a dent or line where that smoothness is interrupted.
You might fret about a wrinkle in your skirt or a new wrinkle on your face. Another kind of wrinkle is more figurative: a small complication or problem that arises suddenly. You could describe a torrential rain storm as a wrinkle in your plan to film a sunny scene in your movie, for example. The Old English root is gewrinclod, "wrinkled, crooked, or winding," and it comes from the verb wrinclian, "to wind."
WORD FAMILY
wrinkle: wrinkled, wrinkleless, wrinkles, wrinkling+/wrinkled: unwrinkled, wrinkleder
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the meantime, Trump’s election added another wrinkle to the company’s ownership situation.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A wrinkled easy chair in the corner stayed empty.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those few years may be the only wrinkle in his otherwise smooth ascent.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 皱纹; 妙计，窍门
vt. 使起皱纹
vi. 起皱纹
时态：wrinkled, wrinkling, wrinkles
分布：皱纹(60%)，起皱(24%)，方法(8%)，使起皱纹(7%)，皱着(1%)
→来自wer,弯，转，拧，词源同wring,wrench。用于指皱纹。
n.皱纹v.起皱,皱眉She has got wrinkles around her eyes.她的眼睛周围起皱纹了.
【记】wr＝wry（v 扭曲），nkle＝ankle（n 踝）：扭脚脖子的时候会造成－皱纹
noun countable
LINE 纹
■a small line in the skin caused by old age （年老时皮肤上的）皱纹
• fine wrinkles around the eyes 眼晴周围的细纹
• anti-wrinkle creams 抗皱霜
■a small line or fold in cloth （布料上的）褶皱
['rɪŋ.kl] noun countable
PROBLEM 问题 informal
■a problem, usually a small one 小问题；小麻烦
• There are still a few wrinkles to iron out (= solve) before the agreement can be signed. 在协议签订之前还有一些小问题需要解决。
['rɪŋ.kl] verb intransitive or transitive
■If skin or material wrinkles, or if something wrinkles it, it gets small lines or folds in it （使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱
• Sunbathing can prematurely age and wrinkle the skin. 日光浴会使皮肤提早老化、产生皱纹。
wrinkle your brow
■to make folds appear on your face above your eyes to show that you are surprised or confused 皱眉（表示惊讶或疑惑）
wrinkle (up) your nose
■to show that you dislike something or that you disapprove of something by tightening the muscles in your nose so that small lines appear in the skin 皱起鼻子（表示不喜欢或不赞成）
• She wrinkled up her nose at the strange smell coming from the kitchen. 闻到厨房飘来的怪味，她皱起了鼻子。
• Amy wrinkled her nose in disapproval. 艾咪皱起鼻子以示反对。
wrinkle, fold
这组词都有“使皱”的意思，其区别是：
wrinkle: 指使某物起折痕或把某物弄皱。
fold: 指对折或叠若干次。
n. 皱纹
 - rugosity, plication
vi. 起皱
 - crease
vt. 使起皱纹
 - frounce

Word: recoil
Front: recoil
[rɪˈkɔɪl] (托宝 13083/14981 -1)
Vocabulary: recoil
(once / 935 pages)
vn
A recoil is a movement backwards, usually from some force or impact. The recoil of a gun is a backward movement caused by momentum. Your trip to the shooting range might make your mom recoil — from horror, not momentum.
Recoil has both a verb and a noun form, meaning any kind of rebound or spring backwards. It doesn’t even have to be from an actual force. You might recoil when you see a snake, or recoil at the thought of having to eat squid. In those cases it’s more like a cringe or a flinch from something that’s scary, disgusting, or painful. Eating squid might in fact be all of those things to you.
WORD FAMILY
recoil: recoiled, recoiling, recoilless, recoils+/ coil: coiled, coiling, coils, recoil, uncoil/uncoil: uncoiled, uncoiling, uncoils
USAGE EXAMPLES
It wasn’t only the considerable shadow of her mother that Fisher recoiled from.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But judging by that recoil, we're deeming Sunday's round -- and Woods' return -- a success.
Golf Digest(Dec 04, 2016)
When his left leg reached the floor, he recoiled, and quickly lay back down.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 反跳，跳回; 退却，后退; 报应
n. （尤指枪炮的）反冲; 后退，退缩; 反跳，跳回; 反冲力
时态：recoiled, recoiling, recoils
分布：畏缩(35%)，弹回(22%)，报应(20%)，后坐力(16%)，退却(7%)
→来自古法语 reculer,向后移动，来自 re-,向后，往回，culer-,后面，来自拉丁语 culus,底部，屁
【记】re反，coil（v 卷，盘绕）一反卷回去一退缩
【反】advance（n /v 前进；提前）
verb intransitive /rɪˈkɔɪl/
■to move back because of fear or disgust (= dislike or disapproval) 退缩，畏惧；（因为厌恶而）退避
• He leant forward to kiss her and she recoiled in horror. 他俯身去吻她，她惊恐地后退避开。
• I recoiled from the smell and the filth. 那里又脏又臭，我躲开了。
■to refuse to accept an idea or principle, feeling strong dislike or disapproval （对想法、原则等）厌弃，深恶痛绝，强烈反对
• She wondered how it would be to touch him and recoiled at the thought. 她想知道摸一摸他会是甚么感觉，但这个念头一进入脑海，她马上感到一阵厌恶。
noun uncountable /ˈriː.kɔɪl/
■the sudden backward movement that a gun makes when it is fired （枪、炮的）后坐力，反冲
vi. 畏缩；弹回；报应
 - rebound, shrink back from
n. 畏缩；弹回；反作用
 - reaction, backwardness

Word: duke
Front: duke
[dju:k] (六 11516/2436 -1)
Back: n. 公爵; 君主; <俚>(pl.)拳头; [植]公爵樱桃
vi. 战斗
分布：公爵(100%)
→来自deuk, 引导，领导，词源同duct, conduct. 用于指爵位。
US [du:k] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a man of very high rank in a country, or the ruler of a small independent country 公爵；小公国的君主
n. [纸] 公爵，（公国的）君主；公爵（种）樱桃
 - emperor, sovereignty

Word: ovation
Front: ovation
[əʊˈveɪʃn] (雅宝 13095/16268 -1)
Vocabulary: ovation
(once / 2836 pages)
n
Hear that applause and cries of "Bravo"? Your audience is giving you an ovation, or praise for a great performance.
The noun ovation has origins in the Latin word ovare, meaning "exult, rejoice, triumph.” Ancient Romans used it to describe a ceremony honoring a general entering Rome following a minor triumph. By the nineteenth century ovation had taken on the more specific meaning: a display of appreciation and applause from an audience. Today, especially great performers get standing ovations, which means the audience rises from their seats as they clap.
WORD FAMILY
ovation: ovations
USAGE EXAMPLES
That ovation will change — growing more enthusiastic or more disgruntled — depending on their responses.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Witness the uncritical ovation for a new study that claims elections in North Carolina are less free and fair than the likes of Cuba.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
WALLACE: And when he appeared in public to greet the crowd from a balcony, he received a big ovation.
Time(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 热烈欢迎; 热烈的鼓掌; 欢呼
分布：热烈欢迎(70%)，热烈的鼓掌(30%)
→来自拉丁语ovare,欢狂，欢呼，可能来自拟声词。引申词义鼓掌，热烈欢迎。
大声欢迎;鼓掌[ov=shout(叫喊)]
【记】源于：oration（n 演说）结束后有ovation源于：小凯旋式（古罗马欢迎将士凯旋归来的仪式），隆重程度稍次于凯旋式（triumph）
US [oʊ-] noun countable
■when a crowd of people express great enjoyment and/or approval of something with loud and long clapping 欢呼；热烈鼓掌
• She was given a standing ovation (= the crowd stood up while they clapped, to show respect) at the end of her speech. 她演讲完毕后，人们起立热烈鼓掌。

Word: ordain
Front: ordain
[ɔ:ˈdeɪn] (宝 13110/11835 -1)
Vocabulary: ordain
(once / 274 pages)
v
To ordain is to make someone a minister, priest, monk, or other member of the clergy. In the Catholic church, for example, a bishop ordains new priests.
When you say that people have been ordained, you usually mean that they've been invested with special religion-related powers. In many Buddhist traditions, senior monks ordain new monks and, increasingly, female monks (or nuns) as well. Occasionally, this chiefly religious verb is used to mean "officially declare" or "decree" in a secular matter, as when a court ordains desegregation.
WORD FAMILY
ordain: foreordain, ordained, ordainer, ordaining, ordains, ordinance, ordination, preordain +/foreordain: foreordained, foreordaining, foreordains, foreordination/ ordained: ordainedly/ordainer: ordainers/ ordinance: ordinances/ ordination: ordinations/ preordain: preordained, preordaining, preordains, preordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Four years ago, they ordained me here and it’ll be four years in January that dad and I switched positions,” said Tim.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along the way he became an ordained Buddhist priest and meditation teacher.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Franklin is a seasoned scholar and an ordained minister, the former president of Morehouse College and the author of multiple books.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 任命（某人）为牧师; 授予（某人）圣职; （上帝、法律等）命令; 判定
时态：ordained, ordaining, ordains
分布：命令(35%)，任命(33%)，注定(20%)，颁发命令(6%)，授以圣职(6%)
→来自拉丁语ordinare,安排，布置，指定，词源同order.引申词义安排职位，授予圣职或圣秩。
规定;命令(ordin的变体)[ordin=order,表示"命令,顺序"]
【记】ord＝order，ain一任命
【参】orderly（adj 有秩序的）；ordinance（n 法令）
US [ɔ:r-] verb
CHURCH 教堂
transitive often passive
■to officially make someone a priest or other religious leader, in a religious ceremony 授予（某人）圣职
• He was ordained (as) a priest in Oxford cathedral in 1987. 他于1987年在牛津大教堂被授予圣职。
UK [ɔ:'deɪn] US [ɔ:r-] verb
ORDER 命令
transitive formal
■(of God or someone in authority) to order something to happen （上帝或权威人士）命令，下令
• There is strong support here for the tough economic reforms ordained in the federal capital, Prague. 这里的人们坚决支持由联邦首都布拉格下令进行的强力经济改革。
• [+ that] humorous The council, in its wisdom, has ordained that all the local libraries will close on Mondays. 市政会竟然会愚蠢到命令本地所有的图书馆每逢星期一闭馆。
vt. 任命某人为牧师；授某人以圣职；（上帝、法律等）命令；注定
 - require, order, command, fate

Word: pep
Front: pep
[pep] (13106/13045 -1)
Vocabulary: pep
(once / 4292 pages)
n
Pep is a high spirited kind of energy. It takes a lot of pep (and pom-poms) to be a cheerleader.
Watching a school play in which the actors are full of pep is a lot more fun than seeing lethargic performers halfheartedly go through the motions. After a good night's sleep and a cup of tea, you might have plenty of pep to start your day — but it might take your older sister longer to truly wake up. Pep first appeared in 1912, as a shortened form of pepper, which once meant "moxie" or "gusto."
WORD FAMILY
pep: pepped, pepping, peppy, peps+/peppy: peppier, peppiest, peppily, peppiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola says he is "arriving at the end" of his career and will not be coaching at 65.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The other guide’s pep talk reduced to three sentences.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Manchester City boss Pep Guardiola says it will be difficult for his side to keep up with Premier League leaders Chelsea in the title race.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 活力，精力; 劲头
vt. 激励; 使精力充沛; 给…打气; 使活泼
时态：pepped, pepping, peps
分布：活力(58%)，锐气(17%)，使精力充沛(17%)，鼓舞精神(8%)
→缩写自pepper,辣椒。引申词义活力，精力，热情等。
noun uncountable informal
■energy, or a willingness to be active 精力，活力；热情
[pep] verb (-pp-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] pep sb/sth up
■to make someone or something more energetic or interesting 使更加充满活力；增加…的趣味
• A good night's sleep will pep you up. 晚上好好睡一觉会使你精力充沛。
• The show needs to be pepped up with some decent songs. 这场演出需要一些好歌来变得更加精采生动。
n. 活力；锐气，劲头
 - vitality, energy, spring, vigor
vt. 激励；使充满活力，使精力充沛
 - stimulate, power

Word: stiffly
Front: stiffly
[stɪflɪ] (13142/9289 -K)
Vocabulary: stiffly
(once / 1120 pages)
adv
Use the adverb stiffly to describe something that's done in an awkward or rigid way. If you stiffly introduce yourself to your new neighbor, you're a little inept about it, not very graceful or smooth.
Something can move stiffly in a physical sense: your grandmother's knees might bend slowly and stiffly as she eases into a comfortable chair. You can also use stiffly when you're describing someone who is socially uncomfortable. A very formal little boy might stiffly welcome his guests to his seventh birthday party, for example. Stiffly comes from the adjective stiff, with its Old English root of stif, "rigid or inflexible.
WORD FAMILY
stiff: stiffen, stiffer, stiffest, stiffly, stiffness, stiffs+/stiffen: stiffened, stiffener, stiffening, stiffens/stiffener: stiffeners/stiffening: stiffenings/stiffness: stiffnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I nodded stiffly, although Aunty Ifeoma could not see me.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Fold in the remaining egg whites, followed by the stiffly whipped cream, taking care not to deflate the filling as it is combined.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 22, 2016)
When they were done, they very stiffly shook hands.
The New Yorker(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adv. 僵硬地; 顽固地; 坚硬地; 生硬地
分布：顽固地(45%)，僵硬地(33%)，拘谨地(22%)
adverb
FIRM 僵直地
■straight and not bending 笔挺地；僵直地
• The soldiers stood stiffly to attention. 士兵笔挺地立正站着。
['stɪf.li] adverb
NOT RELAXED 拘谨地
■in a way that is too formal 生硬地，拘谨地
• "I don't think that it's anything to do with you, " he said stiffly. “我认为这和你一点关系都没有。”他生硬地说。
['stɪf.li] adverb
SEVERE 严厉地
■severely 严厉地
• I wrote a stiffly-worded letter of complaint to the council. 我写了一封措词强硬的投诉书给委员会。
adv. 生硬地；顽固地；呆板地
 - stubbornly, obstinately

Word: unaffected
Front: unaffected
[ˌʌnəˈfektɪd] (宝 13116/8595 -1)
Vocabulary: unaffected
(once / 1426 pages)
1adj 2adj
When bad weather or a mean aunt or some other force takes over and you still don't change, you're unaffected. If your party was unaffected by the rain and Aunt Emma's no-fun attitude, then everyone probably had a good time.
Unaffected has other meanings, too. It can mean natural and genuine, or unemotional. If someone says you're unaffected they could mean you're genuine; you don't put on an act for people. Saying you were unaffected by your favorite team's loss means you weren't upset by it.
WORD FAMILY
unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness+/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected / affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/ affective: affectively/disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects/disaffection: disaffections
USAGE EXAMPLES
The protest continued through the game, though play was unaffected.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The Namibian government, they say, will spread future money from the Germans to unaffected ethnic groups or, worse, simply pocket it.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet for all their fame and influence, Kahneman and Tversky’s own discipline, psychology, remained somehow unaffected by the first and founding insight of their partnership.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受影响的; 不装扮的，无装饰的; 自然的; 不矫揉造作的
分布：自然的(39%)，不矫揉造作的(35%)，不受影响的(26%)
→un-, 不，非，affected, 受影响的。
【记】un不，affected（adj 受到影响的；做作的）
adjective
NOT CHANGED 未改变的
■not influenced, harmed or interrupted in any way 未受影响的；未受伤害的；未被打断的
• The west of the city was largely unaffected by the bombing. 该城西部基本上没有受到轰炸的破坏。
• It is hoped that train services on the main lines will be unaffected by today's industrial action. 人们希望干线列车的运行不会因今天的罢工而中断。
[ˌʌn.ə'fek.tɪd] adjective
SINCERE 真诚的 approving
■natural and sincere in your behaviour 真诚自然的；不矫揉造作的；真挚的
• For someone who has spent forty years in show business she remains remarkably unaffected by it all. 作为一个在娱乐圈了呆了40年的人，她仍然保持着惊人的纯真。
adj. 不受影响的；自然的；真挚的；不矫揉造作的
 - natural, spontaneous

Word: checkbook
Front: checkbook
[ˈtʃekˌbʊk] (13113/-)
Back: n. <美>支票本(=chequebook)
分布：支票簿(97%)，=chequebook.(3%)
noun countable US for chequebook
n. 支票簿
 - cheque-book

Word: vestige
Front: vestige
[ˈvestɪdʒ] (托宝 13119/14019 -1)
Vocabulary: vestige
(once / 1369 pages)
n
Vestige is an elegant word. It's all about shadows, and gives us a way to talk about traces or reminders of something that has disappeared or is disappearing.
Vestige derives from the Latin vestigium "footprint," and that is a good way to think of it––footprints in the sand. Sometimes vestige is used to emphasize the complete lack of something. She told me she took the money from my wallet without the least vestige of remorse in her voice or facial expression.
WORD FAMILY
vestige: vestiges
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Jaynes, hearing the voice of God was a vestige of our past neuroanatomy.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The following year, Bolsheviks eliminated the last vestiges of the Romanov dynasty.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
A vegetable and a starch accompany all main dishes, an endearing vestige of old-school style.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 遗迹; 退化的器官; 残余部分; 毫不
分布：遗迹(42%)，痕迹(30%)，退化的器官(15%)，丝毫(13%)
→来自拉丁语vestigium,脚印，足迹，词源同investigate.
痕迹;残余[vestig=footprint'track,表示"脚印,踪迹"]
【记】读：外死体质，在外面死了以后，体质就会变成遗迹。
formal
noun countable
■a still existing small part or amount of something larger, stronger or more important that existed in the past but does not exist now 残余；遗迹
• These old buildings are the last vestiges of a colonial past. 这些旧建筑是殖民历史最后的痕迹。
• There is now no vestige of hope that the missing children will be found alive. 失踪儿童现在已经毫无生还的希望了。
n. 遗迹；残余；退化的器官
 - remain, leaving, relic

Word: feeding
Front: feeding
[ˈfi:dɪŋ] (10712/12349)
Back: n. 给食; 喂; 饲养; 吃
adj. 给食的; 饲用的; 逐渐强烈的; 供给饲料的
v. 喂养( feed的现在分词 ); 满足（欲望等）; 向…提供; 供…作食物
分布：喂养(54%)，饲养(40%)，送料(5%)，动词feed的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
养;喂;饲养
If you feed a person or animal, you give them food to eat and sometimes actually put it in their mouths.
例：We brought along pieces of old bread and fed the birds...我们拿了几片陈面包来喂鸟。
例：She fed him a cookie...她给他吃了一块饼干。
VERB
供养，养活(家庭或群体)
To feed a family or a community means to supply food for them.
例：Feeding a hungry family can be expensive.养活饥肠辘辘的一家人花费很大。
例：...a food reserve large enough to feed the Sudanese population for many months.足够苏丹人吃好多个月的食物储备
VERB
(动物)吃食，进食
When an animal feeds, it eats or drinks something.
例：After a few days the caterpillars stopped feeding...几天后毛虫停止进食。
例：Slugs feed on decaying plant and animal material.蛞蝓以腐烂的动植物为食。
V-ERG
吃奶;给…喂奶
When a baby feeds, or when you feed it, it drinks breast milk or milk from a bottle.
例：When a baby is thirsty, it feeds more often...婴儿渴的时候，吃奶就会更频繁。
例：I knew absolutely nothing about handling or feeding a baby.我对如何抱婴儿、如何给婴儿喂食一无所知。
N-MASS
饲料
Animal feed is food given to animals, especially farm animals.
例：The grain just rotted and all they could use it for was animal feed.谷物完全烂掉了，他们能将其派上的唯一用场就是作动物饲料。
例：...poultry feed.家禽饲料
VERB
源源不断地供给;输送
To feed something to a place, means to supply it to that place in a steady flow.
例：...blood vessels that feed blood to the brain.将血液输送到大脑的血管
例：...gas fed through pipelines.通过管道输送的燃气
VERB
将…放到，将…投入(容器或装置中)
If you feed something into a container or piece of equipment, you put it into it.
例：He took the compact disc from her, then fed it into the player...他从她手里接过光盘，放入播放机中。
例：She was feeding documents into a paper shredder.她将文件放入碎纸机。
VERB
向…泄露(秘密);向…灌输,向…通报(虚假信息)
If someone feeds you false or secret information, they deliberately tell it to you.
例：He was surrounded by people who fed him ghastly lies...他周围的人都在给他灌输可怕的谎言。
例：At least one British officer was feeding him with classified information.至少有一个英国官员在向他提供机密情报。
VERB
加深，加强(厌恶或渴望)
If you feed someone's dislike or desire for something, you make it stronger.
例：The divorce was painfully public, feeding her dislike of the press.离婚的事张扬出去，她十分痛苦，更加厌恶媒体了。
VERB
给…施肥
If you feed a plant, you add substances to it to make it grow well.
例：Feed plants to encourage steady growth.给植物施肥促使其不断生长。
VERB
(因…而)壮大;(从…中)得到滋养
If one thing feeds on another, it becomes stronger as a result of the other thing's existence.
例：The drinking and the guilt fed on each other.酗酒和犯罪彼此助长。
VERB
将(信息)输入(计算机)
To feed information into a computer means to gradually put it into it.
例：An automatic weather station feeds information on wind direction to the computer.自动化气象站将风向信息输入计算机。
n. 饲养；吃；输送
 - breeding, eating, husbandry
v. 饲养（feed的ing形式）
 - raising

Word: discernible
Front: discernible
[dɪ'sɜ:nəbəl] (托宝 13124/11347 -1)
Vocabulary: discernible
(once / 2295 pages)
adj
Discernible means noticeable. If your extra hours training are having no discernible influence on your basketball game, it means your game has not changed.
You can use discernible in two senses. First, you can use it to describe something you physically see: Because the sky was so clear, the ship was discernible from miles off. You can also use it to describe something you sense or understand: When your younger brother told he was sorry he broke your baseball bat, the truth was discernible in his voice.
WORD FAMILY
discernible: discernibly, indiscernible +/ discern: discernable, discerned, discernible, discerning, discernment, discerns/ discernable: discernability, discernably/ discerning: discerningly, undiscerning/ discernment: discernments/ indiscernible: indiscernibly/undiscerning: undiscerningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike shows in previous years, this one lacks any discernible theme, and some of the largest tech companies are expecting a diminished role.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“Leaving the regulatory structure of the Nseers program in place provides no discernible public benefit,” the report said.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Other events for which a climate change role was discernible included some types of events never before featured in the report.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 可识别的; 可辨别的
分布：可辨别的(100%)
【参】concern（vt 涉及；n 利害关系；关心）；discern（v 目睹；辨别；看清楚）＝distinguish
US [-'sɝ:-] adjective formal
■able to be seen or understood 看出
• The influence of Rodin is discernible in the younger artist. 从这位稍微年轻一些的艺术家身上可以看到罗丹的影响。
• There is no discernible reason why this should be the case. 没有理由可以解释为甚么会这样。

Word: khaki
Front: khaki
[ˈkɑ:ki] (13097/15389 -1)
Back: n. 卡其布; 土黄色; 卡其布军服; 卡其布裤子
adj. 卡其色的; 土黄色的; 卡其布做的
分布：卡其布(56%)，土黄色(26%)，土黄色的(12%)，卡其布的(6%)
→来自印度乌尔都语khaki,土色的，灰褐色的。后用于指一种暗色面料，即卡其布，用于制作士兵制服。
noun uncountable adjective
■(of) a dark yellowish-green colour, often worn by soldiers 卡其色（的），土黄色（的）
['kɑ:.ki] noun uncountable
■dark yellowish-green cloth, often worn by soldiers （常指用以做军装的）卡其布
n. 卡其色；卡其布
 - shitake
adj. 卡其色的；黄褐色的；卡其布做的
 - fulvous, snuffcoloured

Word: three-year-old
Front: three-year-old
None None
Back: [网络] 三岁的；三岁大的；名词
分布：三岁的(100%)

Word: appal
Front: appal
[əˈpɔ:l] (研 11526/19412 -3)
Back: vt. 使惊骇，使充满恐惧; 惊吓
vi. 减弱; 变得苍白
时态：appalled, appalling, appals
分布：使 ... 吓坏(34%)，使 ... 惊骇(33%)，失败(33%)
→前缀ap-同ad-, 在p字母开头的词根前同化为ap-. 词根pal, 苍白的，见pale.
使震惊(ap+pal白色→[脸]变白→受惊)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
v.使惊骇,使恐怖He was appalled at what he saw.他被自己看到的景象吓坏了.
US [-'pɑ:l/
verb transitive
■to make someone have strong feelings of shock or of disapproval 使惊骇；使震惊
• I was appalled at/by the lack of staff in the hospital. 医院里人手之少令我震惊。
• The state of the kitchen appalled her. 厨房的脏乱让她目瞪口呆。
vt. 使惊骇；惊吓
 - astound, take aback
vi. 减弱；变得苍白；令人发腻
 - fall, lower

Word: archaic
Front: archaic
[ɑ:ˈkeɪɪk] (托雅 13117/10219 -1)
Vocabulary: archaic
(once / 2264 pages)
adj
If you use the adjective archaic you are referring to something outmoded, belonging to an earlier period. Rotary phones and cassette players already seem so archaic!
The adjective archaic means something that belongs to an earlier or antiquated time. It can also mean something that is outdated but can still be found in the present and therefore could seem out of place. The word comes from archaic (i.e., ancient) Greek, archaikos, and literally means "from Classical Greek culture," though its meaning has broadened as it's been used in English.
WORD FAMILY
archaic: archaically, archaicism, archaise, archaism, archaize+/archaicism: archaicisms/archaise: archaising/archaism: archaisms, archaistic/archaize: archaized, archaizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In another bout of this archaic ritual, Russia closing Moscow’s Anglo-American school and expelling a batch of Americans from Moscow.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
They are rooted in archaic chants, hymns, and chorales.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
I was too young to appreciate much of it, and struggled with the archaic language.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 古代的; 过时的，陈旧的; 古体的; 古色古香的
分布：古老的(75%)，古代的(21%)，已不通用的(4%)
【反】current（adj 当前的，流通的）
US [ɑ:r-] adjective
■of or belonging to the distant past (= a long time ago) ; from an ancient period in history 古老的，古代的；原始的
• an archaic system of government 古老的政体
• an archaic law/rule/language 古代法律／法规／语言
adj. [语] [生物] 古代的；陈旧的；古体的；古色古香的
 - ancient, old

Word: appraise
Front: appraise
[əˈpreɪz] (研六托宝 13123/11554 -1)
Vocabulary: appraise
(once / 1765 pages)
v
When you buy a house someone will need to appraise its value before you can get a mortgage. To appraise something is to figure out its worth in the marketplace, on the field, or in the world of ideas.
To appraise the value of a friendship is difficult, but to appraise the value of your grandfather’s pocket watch — just go to the pawn shop. The verb appraise comes from the Late Latin word appretiare, which means “value” or “estimate.” You can appraise your chances of marrying royalty, which are probably slim. You can also appraise the value of a quarterback on your fantasy football team by looking at the statistics for his completed passes.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
appraise / apprise
To appraise is to estimate the value of something, but remove the second "a," and you have apprise, which means "to tell." If you hire someone to appraise your house, you might have to apprise your family of the fact that you now owe the bank more than your house is worth.
Appraise sounds like "a praise," which is what you hope for when someone appraises you or your three-story colonial.  The crystal ball is cloudy, but appraise probably comes from Middle French (apreis-) and Late Latin (appretiare), meaning to estimate the value or quality of something, such as a house, an employee's performance, or your grandmother's owl pin. Here are some appraises from the world:
The cancelations reflected mortgage applications that were refused or because appraised home values were coming in below the sales price, the group said. (Business Week)
Treasure Hunters Roadshow is visiting El Paso this week appraising all kinds of collectibles. (Treasure Hunters Roadshow)
You can see an etching of the event: King Kalakaua in white tie and tails, appraising a long banquet table. (Washington Post)
Apprise comes from the French apprendre, to learn or inform via the Latin apprendere, to learn. These days apprise means to inform or tell. These examples will apprise you of how to use it:
When asked whether transit officials were apprised of complaints made via 311, the city's help line, Mr. Prendergast struggled to answer. (New York Times)
He took responsibility for not keeping Mr. Bloomberg sufficiently apprised of the cleanup effort. (New York Times)
To keep it straight, if your boss appraises you, you hope for praise! If you apprise someone of a situation, you might also have to advise her on what to do. Apprise — sounds like "a prize" — has another meaning, too, which is to gain in value.
WORD FAMILY
appraise: appraisal, appraised, appraiser, appraises, appraising, reappraise +/ appraisal: appraisals, overappraisal/appraiser: appraisers/appraising: appraisingly/reappraisal: reappraisals/ reappraise: reappraisal, reappraised, reappraising
USAGE EXAMPLES
During a 1992 segment for Entertainment Tonight, Trump appraises a young girl shopping for the holidays with her parents and likes what he sees.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s easy to appraise Jalen Hurts’ by the numbers: The yards, the touchdowns and the wins.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
About an hour later, as the guests finished their meals, Mr. DeMint seized the microphone once more, appraising Mr. Pence’s visit.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 估价; 估计; 估量; 评价，鉴定
时态：appraised, appraising, appraises
分布：评价(80%)，鉴定(12%)，估价(8%)
→前缀ap-同ad-. -praise同price, 价格，即评估。
评估(ap加强动作+praise→给以价值→评估)[prais,preci=value表示"价值"]
【记】ap一再，praise价值－一再体现价值－评估app我怕，raise上升，高：我怕我买的钻石价钱高了，所以要鉴定一下。Appraise后可以praise赞扬
verb transitive
■to examine someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success or needs 评定；鉴定；估价；评价
• At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their own performance. 在每次教学实习结束时，都要求实习教师对自己的表现作自我评定。
• In co-operation with other professionals, social workers will appraise the individual's needs. 社会工作者将与其他专业人士携手合作，对个体的需要作出评估。
• He coolly appraised the situation , deciding which person would be most likely to succeed. 他冷静地审时度势，判断哪个人最可能获得胜利。
US for * value (MONEY)
• The ring was appraised at $40, 000. 这枚戒指估价为四万美元。
evaluate, rate, value, assess, estimate, appraise
这组词都有“估价，估计”的意思，其区别是：
evaluate: 与appraise相似，指使判断绝对准确，但多用于对人物的某方面的评价，很少用于评价某物的市场价值。
rate: 专指评定价值等级的高低。
value: 侧重指一般人对某物的价值或价格所作的估计。
assess: 原义指对为确定交多少税而估计，引申指通过估价以便更好利用。
estimate: 通常指由个人作出的主观估价。
appraise: 指以专家身份作了最终精确的估价。
vt. 评价，鉴定；估价
 - value, score, rate, prize

Word: afar
Front: afar
[əˈfɑ:(r)] (13131/15278)
Vocabulary: afar
(once / 640 pages)
adv
If something's off at a distance, you can describe it as being afar. You might write a letter to your pen pal in Japan, and say, "This note comes to you from afar."
Afar is a poetic and old-fashioned way to say "far away" or "distant." If your summer visitors have traveled from afar, they've come a long way to see you, and if your boyfriend moves to Australia, you might have to continue your relationship from afar. The word is a shortened form of the Old English of feor, in which of means "of" or "on," and feor is "far, remote, or distant."
WORD FAMILY
afar: afars
USAGE EXAMPLES
"She didn't even talk to me, she just waved goodbye from afar. She was crying."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
On how hard it was to watch tennis from afar:
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Like church spires, tall twin smokestacks announce the campus from afar, declaring the center a factory for ideas.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 从远处
n. 遥远; 远离着; 从远方
分布：在远处(63%)，从远处(37%)
US [-'fɑ:r] adverb
■from or at a great distance 从远处；遥远地；在远处
• People came from afar to see the show. 人们从很远的地方赶来观看表演。
• humorous I've never actually spoken to him - I've just admired him from afar. 我从来没有跟他说过话——我只是“敬而远之”。
adv. 遥远地；在远处
 - away, far, beyond, remotely

Word: prosthetic
Front: prosthetic
[prɒs'θetɪk] (13171/39555)
Vocabulary: prosthetic
(once / 25695 pages)
adj
Use the adjective prosthetic to describe something that has to do with an artificial body part. You might know someone who walks with the help of a prosthetic leg.
Something that's prosthetic fills in for a missing part. In some cases, people are born without an arm or a foot, and in others they've lost a limb in an accident. Prosthetic limbs can help them get along more easily, substituting for the absent part. Prosthetic has a Greek root, prostithenai, or "addition," and an early meaning of "that which is added to the body."
WORD FAMILY
prosthetic: prosthetically, prosthetics
USAGE EXAMPLES
An abandoned Chihuahua without front legs got prosthetic wheels.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The cost of traditional prosthetics was high because of the long process of getting them to market, he added.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Two weeks ago, Asem was granted asylum in Germany, where he wants to keep helping Syrians to get the prosthetics they need.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. <医>义肢的，假体的
分布：假体的(56%)，非朊基的(33%)，修复术的(11%)
ADJ
假体的
Prosthetic parts of the body are artificial ones used to replace natural ones.

Word: prowl
Front: prowl
[praʊl] (宝 13118/15354 -1)
Vocabulary: prowl
(once / 1062 pages)
1vn 2v
If you move stealthily — like you're looking for something to prey on — then you prowl. Your cat might prowl around the room and pounce on your feet, which is cute if you're awake, but annoying when you're asleep.
The noun prowl means the act of moving as if to capture prey. You could take a prowl through the music shop and try to find your favorite vintage album. Prowl is also used in the phrase "on the prowl," which implies that the person doing the prowling is looking for a romantic partner. Your idea of a fun Saturday night might be staying home while your friends go on the prowl at the dance club.
WORD FAMILY
prowl: prowled, prowler, prowling, prowls+/prowler: prowlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purring jaguars prowled about our tents at night along with other unseen beasts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
More than 100,000 cheetahs prowled Africa's arid grasslands little more than a century ago.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
I welcomed the year 2016 in Cuba, where my family and I and spent New Year’s Eve prowling the streets of Havana.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vi. 小心翼翼地移动; 徘徊
vt. （动物）潜行（为捕猎等）; 潜行（图谋不轨等）; （因无聊、焦躁等）徘徊
n. （动物）悄然潜行（以觅食）; 人)（人为抓捕或行窃等）悄悄巡行以寻找
时态：prowled, prowling, prowls
分布：徘徊(65%)，潜行(17%)，悄悄踱步(7%)，窥伺(5%)，潜行以觅食(3%)，逡巡于(3%)
→来自中古英语prollen,潜行，词源不详。来自per,向前，词源同forth.
【记】pro前，owl（n 猫头鹰）晚上无声飞行觅食的动物－偷偷找
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard, such as when hunting （打猎等时）悄悄来回游走（于），潜行，逡巡
• There have been reports of a masked man prowling in the neighbourhood. 有人报告说有一个蒙面人在附近出没。
• At night, adult scorpions prowl the desert for (= trying to catch) insects. 在夜晚，成年蝎子在沙漠里潜行觅食昆虫。
• informal Unable to sleep, he prowled (= walked without purpose) (about/around) the hotel corridors. 他睡不着，就在旅馆的走廊上徘徊。
[praʊl] noun
be on the prowl
■to be moving around quietly in a place trying not to be seen or heard 悄然潜行
• There was a fox on the prowl earlier. 早些时候有只狐狸出没于此。
vi. 徘徊，潜行
 - hang about, wander about
n. 徘徊，潜行；悄悄踱步
 - spinning around

Word: understatement
Front: understatement
[ˈʌndəsteɪtmənt] (宝 13139/14115 -1)
Vocabulary: understatement
(once / 9191 pages)
n
You make an understatement when you say a lot less than you could. If you say "We didn't do our best" when your team loses 56 to 0, that's quite an understatement.
An understatement can be just the thing to make someone feel better. For example, if you are a terrible dancer and everyone seems to be pointing and laughing at you, your friend might say your style is unique. She's not lying, but she is making sad truth easier to deal with. Understatement can also be used humorously — if you have a really difficult, scary experience, you might say, "Well, that was interesting."
WORD FAMILY
understatement: understatements+/ interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/ overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/ restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/ understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the case of Trump’s wall, that may be an understatement.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
“It would be an understatement to say they are in bad condition,” said Tatjana Ristic, who works with Save the Children in Serbia.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
To call 2016 an unusual year is to grant massive latitude to the term “understatement.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 保守的陈述; 轻描淡写
分布：轻描淡写(95%)，有保留地陈述(5%)
【反】hyperbole（n 夸张法）
US [-dɚ-] noun [S or U]
■a statement that describes something in a way that makes it seem less important, serious, bad, etc. than it really is, or the practice of making such statements 保守的陈述；轻描淡写
• To say that her resignation was a shock would be an understatement - it caused panic. 说她辞职令人震惊只是一种保守说法——它实际上引起了恐慌。
• That New York City is not a peaceful place to live is the understatement of the year/month/century. 住在纽约不太平，这是本年度／本月／本世纪最温和的说法。

Word: writhe
Front: writhe
[raɪð] (13177/22822 -1)
Vocabulary: writhe
(once / 842 pages)
v
To writhe is to squirm and twist. Often you'll see the phrase "to writhe in agony." Writhe when you've just ingested some stomach-wrenching poison, or perhaps in response to red ant stings.
Writhe stems from the Old English, meaning "to twist or bend." It's not a coincidence that a Christmas wreath is greenery twisted and bent into a circle. A person can writhe in embarrassment but it's usually reserved for times when pain or discomfort cause you to twist and bend over and squirm because your body is in such distress.
WORD FAMILY
writhe: writhed, writhes, writhing +/ writhing: writhingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The man writhed in the confused agony Marines call “the kicking chicken.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
For ages, anti-Semitism felt dead or maybe just dormant in the ugliest, dark corners of America, where moon-landing and illuminati conspiracy theories writhed.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It continues to writhe from a drop in oil prices that set off a currency devaluation and now a recession.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vi. （因极度痛苦而）扭动或翻滚; 痛苦，苦恼; 蠕动，蜿蜒移动
n. 扭动，翻滚
vt. 扭动，转动，弄歪; 盘绕，缠绕
时态：writhed, writhing, writhes
分布：苦恼(26%)，扭曲(20%)，扭动(17%)，挣扎(17%)，翻腾(15%)，受苦(5%)
→来自wer,弯，转，扭曲，词源同wring,wriggle.
verb intransitive
■to make large twisting movements with the body 扭动；蠕动
• The pain was so unbearable that he was writhing in agony. 疼痛实在是难以忍受，他痛苦地扭动着身体。
• She was writhing around/about on the ground. 她在地上打滚。
■informal
■to experience a very difficult or unpleasant situation or emotion, such as extreme embarrassment 痛苦不安，难堪
• He and four other senators were writhing in the glare of unfavorable publicity. 他和其他四位参议员因负面曝光而十分难堪。
vi. 翻滚；蠕动
 - roll over, welter
vt. 扭曲；扭动
 - distort, contort
n. 翻滚；扭动；苦恼
 - misery, agony

Word: entrench
Front: entrench
[ɪn'trentʃ] (宝 13128/14184 -1)
Vocabulary: entrench
(once / 1470 pages)
v
To entrench is to secure something firmly. Entrench a tent pole in the ground so your tent doesn't fly away, or entrench yourself at your new job so you don’t get fired.
Dig a little and see that entrench is from en meaning “in” and trench is from the Old French word trenche for "ditch,” just like the kind soldiers hide in. You don’t have to be a soldier to entrench, though — anytime a person or thing is securely inside something, it’s entrenched. If you entrench a swing set in your yard, it's solid. If a government entrenches a spy in another country, that spy blends right in.
WORD FAMILY
entrench: entrenched, entrenches, entrenching, entrenchment+/entrenchment: entrenchments/ retrench: retrenched, retrenches, retrenching, retrenchment/retrenchment: retrenchments/ trench: entrench, retrench, trenched, trencher, trenches, trenching/ trencher: trenchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Others complain of entrenched corruption at all levels, and predatory police.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Perhaps the reason for the disconnect isn’t just a reflection of deeply entrenched patriarchy.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
He’s an entrenched veteran of the state’s GOP who as attorney general decided not to criminally prosecute then-Gov.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 用壕沟围绕或保护…; 牢固地确立…; 挖掘壕沟
n. 壕沟; 防御设施
时态：entrenched, entrenching, entrenches
分布：侵犯(50%)，以壕沟防护(50%)
→en-, 进入，使。-trench, 砍，切，词源同trench, truncate. 即切进去，牢固树立。
用壕沟防护,确立...地位(en在...里面+trench→在壕沟里面)[trench=cut,表示"切,割"]
mainly disapproving
verb transitive
■to establish something, especially an idea or a problem, firmly so that it cannot be changed 使处于牢固地位，使根深柢固，牢固确立（尤指观念、问题）
• [R] The government's main task was to prevent inflation from entrenching itself. 政府的主要任务是防止通货膨胀问题变得积重难返。
vt. 确立，牢固；用壕沟围住；挖掘
 - sink, radicate
vi. 侵犯；挖掘壕沟
 - to infringe on, encroach on

Word: overcrowded
Front: overcrowded
[ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪd] (13141/11101 -1)
Back: adj. 挤满的; 过度拥挤的
v. 拥挤(overcrowd的过去式和过去分词)
分布：过度拥挤的(91%)，动词overcrowd的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
挤满的(over+crowded拥挤的)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ-] adjective
■containing too many people or things 过分拥挤的；拥挤不堪的
• overcrowded cities/prisons/schools 拥挤不堪的城市／监狱／学校
• The world market for telecommunications is already overcrowded with businesses. 世界电讯市场已经有过多的企业充斥其间。
v. 拥挤（overcrowd的过去分词）
 - crowded

Word: manic
Front: manic
[ˈmænɪk] (13135/14704 -1)
Vocabulary: manic
(once / 880 pages)
adj
Manic means frenzied. If you drink 18 cups of coffee in a single sitting and haven't slept for three days, chances are you're manic.
If manic sounds like maniac to you, you're on the right track. Someone who is in a manic state is affected by mania. If you're manic you're in a wound-up, fast-acting, unhinged wild state. People with bi-polar disorder experience manic highs and terrible lows. Other things can be manic, like the pace of city life, or the insane outfit you're wearing with seven different colors and eight different patterns. Have you lost your mind?
WORD FAMILY
manic: mania, manically, maniclike+/ mania: maniac, manias/ maniac: maniacal, maniacs/ maniacal: maniacally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patient’s strong emotional ties with his manic phase were very evident.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“But normalcy is so much preferable, being able to remember what did — I tend to forget manic episodes.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Stephen Fry visits a manic Fisher at home.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. <医>躁狂的，患躁狂病的; 疯狂的
n. 躁狂者
分布：狂躁的(100%)
→来自mania,发狂，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective
■very excited or anxious (= worried and nervous) in a way that causes you to be very physically active 十分兴奋的；躁狂的；焦躁不安的
• He's a bit manic - I wish he'd calm down. 他有些焦躁不安——我希望他能平静下来。
adj. 躁狂的；狂热的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: financier
Front: financier
[faɪˈnænsiə(r)] (13127/11767 -1)
Vocabulary: financier
(once / 1337 pages)
nv
A financier is someone who handles big clients and big financial transactions. A financier is the high-profile star of a company and the envy of the overworked entry-level workers.
The suffix -ier in financier tells you that this word refers to a person who has something to do with finance. But where does the word finance come from? Long ago, it meant "to settle or end a debt," which you can see in fin, the Old French word for "end." But as financial work evolved, it came to also encompass taxation and revenue, not just debt collection.
WORD FAMILY
financier: financiering, financiers+/ finance: financed, finances, financial, financier, financing, refinance / financial: financially, nonfinancial/ financing: financings/ refinance: refinanced, refinances, refinancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s the posse of foxy New York financiers who peel off their skiwear to reveal matching leopard print catsuits and ears.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The self-made uranium mogul and financier started collecting art at a young age.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Then he executes the old regime’s nobility, judges and financiers.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 金融家，财政家; 资本家; 投资家
vt. 对…提供资金，通融资金给; 筹划财政，管理财务
vi. 骗取; 从事欺骗性金融活动
分布：金融家(96%)，理财家(4%)
财政家(finance金融+ier)[-ier表名词"人或物"]
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who has control of a large amount of money and can give or lend it to people or organizations 金融（资本）家，理财家
vi. 欺骗；从事欺骗性金融活动
 - kid, pull a fast one
n. 金融家；投资家
 - moneyman, money changer

Word: fluency
Front: fluency
[ˈflu:ənsi] (高 13181/14342)
Vocabulary: fluency
(once / 4106 pages)
n
Do you have a way with words? Can you speak and write easily? Then you have fluency.
Fluency is a type of smoothness used most often when talking about language. You could study a language — like Spanish — for years and not really gain fluency. To have fluency — in other words, to be fluent — takes a lot of practice. Fluency can't be achieved overnight. That kind of expert use of language takes time, and it helps if you get a chance to visit a country where they speak the language you're learning.
WORD FAMILY
fluency: disfluency, fluencies+/ fluent: fluency, fluentest, fluently
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fluency with Shakespeare’s language that allowed her to manifest the minds of her characters without resorting to imposed psychology.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Under Bennett’s matchless eye, “Dreamgirls” moved from beginning to end as a sustained, kinetic entity that folded even Robin Wagner’s set into an unstoppable fluency.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“All children need to practice fluency and comprehension skills, and why not read while getting a haircut?” she said.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指外语）流利，流畅
分布：流利(69%)，流畅(31%)
→来自fluent, 流畅的。
流利,流畅(flu+ency→流的状态)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
ADJ-GRADED
流利的;流畅的
Someone who is fluent in a particular language can speak the language easily and correctly. You can also say that someone speaks fluent French, Chinese, or some other language.
例：She studied eight foreign languages but is fluent in only six of them...她学习了8种外语，但是只能流利地说其中 6 种。
例：He speaks fluent Russian.他说一口流利的俄语。
ADJ-GRADED
(语言或文字)流畅的，熟练的;文笔好的
If your speech, reading, or writing is fluent, you speak, read, or write easily, smoothly, and clearly with no mistakes.
例：He had emerged from being a hesitant and unsure candidate into a fluent debater.他从一个吞吞吐吐、缺乏自信的候选人成长为口若悬河的辩论者。
n. 流畅，流利
 - mellifluence, volubility

Word: armpit
Front: armpit
[ˈɑ:mpɪt] (13086/15464 -1)
Vocabulary: armpit
(once / 6523 pages)
n
Your armpit is the area underneath your upper arm, where it connects to your shoulder. Armpits tend to be smelly, so we would advise to steer clear of an open armpit on a bus or subway.
Another common word for armpit is "underarm," while the official anatomical term is axilla. Perhaps because your armpits tend to get sweaty and a little smelly after you exercise, the word armpit is sometimes used as a derogatory term for an unattractive place: "That city is so ugly it's the armpit of New Jersey." Before armpit, the axilla was known as an arm-hole.
WORD FAMILY
armpit: armpits
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Some people didn’t have carts. Some just had stuff all up to their armpits, carrying them and running.”
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Deep in the armpits of August, I heard Miranda Lambert tell an overheated Maryland crowd something really cool.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
When we woke at lunchtime, the tangy air smelled of warm feet, booze and armpits.
The Guardian(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 腋窝; 胳肢窝; 丑陋的地方; 肮脏的角落
分布：腋窝(95%)，最恶心的地区(5%)
US ['ɑ:rm-] noun countable
■the hollow place under your arm where your arm joins your body 腋（窝）
• sweaty/hairy armpits 汗湿的／长满腋毛的腋窝
UK ['ɑ:m.pɪt] US ['ɑ:rm-] noun countable
be the armpit of sth humorous
■to be an extremely unpleasant, often dirty, place 龌龊的地方；肮脏的角落；极差的地方
• the armpit of the North 北部地区一个极差的地方
n. 腋窝
 - axilla

Word: failing
Front: failing
[ˈfeɪlɪŋ] (13145/13711 -1)
Back: n. （性格中的）弱点，缺陷，短处
prep. 如果（某事）不发生; 如果没有（某事物）; 如果（某人不在）; 如果没有（某人）
v. 在…中失败( fail的现在分词); 衰退; 不及格(fail的ing形式); 破产
adj. 失败的; 衰退中的; 减弱中的
分布：失败(75%)，缺点(10%)，如果没有(9%)，过失(3%)，衰弱的(2%)，动词fail的现在分词.(1%)
缺点,短处(fail+ing表动名词→错误之处→缺点)[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
noun countable
■a fault or weakness 弱点；缺点
• His one big failing is that he never says he's sorry. 他的一大缺点是从来不肯道歉。
['feɪ.lɪŋ] preposition
■if that is not possible 如果不行，若无
• Give her a book, or failing that , buy her something to wear. 送她一本书，如果没有就给她买件衣服。
• Appointments are available on the 2nd and the 6th of this month but failing either of those, we could fit you in on the 15th. 本月2号和6号可以预约，如果都不行，我们可以为您安排在本月15号。
['feɪ.lɪŋ] adjective
■becoming weaker or less successful 衰退中的；逐渐减弱的；渐趋失败的
• a failing business 日渐衰败的企业
• failing eyesight 衰退的视力
• In the failing light, it was hard to read the signposts. 天色渐暗，难以看清路标。
n. 失败；缺点，过失；弱点
 - loss, error, weakness, defect, deficiency
adj. 失败的
 - losing, abortive

Word: glee
Front: glee
[gli:] (宝 13136/15126 -1)
Vocabulary: glee
(once / 632 pages)
n
If you learned that you'd won a trip for four to Disney World, it would be hard to hide your glee. Glee means extreme happiness or delight.
Anything that makes you full of joy, so happy you could laugh out loud, fills you with glee. If your favorite football team wins the Super Bowl, your glee will make you cheer, and a kid let loose with a ten dollar bill in a candy shop might dance around with glee. In the 1700s and 1800s, a glee was a song written for men's a cappella singing groups, which were sometimes called glee clubs.
WORD FAMILY
glee: gleeful, glees+/ gleeful: gleefulest, gleefully, gleefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Damrau dispatched the aria with rosy sound, agile coloratura and girlish glee.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They document themselves with reality-show glee clearing Islamic state tunnels, hoisting salvaged weapons, pointing to graffiti, prisoners and corpses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He then described with glee watching CNN anchor John King’s shocked expression as it became clear that Trump would win after all.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 快乐，欢喜; 重唱的歌曲; [乐]合唱曲
分布：高兴(60%)，欢乐(40%)
→词源同glad, 兴奋。引申义幸灾乐祸。参照同源词gloat.
【记】flee（v 逃跑）后心情就会glee
【参】gleeful（adj 愉快的）
noun uncountable
■happiness, excitement or pleasure 快乐；兴奋；高兴
• She opened her presents with glee. 她兴高采烈地打开礼物。
n. 快乐；欢欣；重唱歌曲
 - pleasure, joy

Word: excruciating
Front: excruciating
[ɪkˈskru:ʃieɪtɪŋ] (13146/20317 -1)
Vocabulary: excruciating
(once / 3813 pages)
adj
Something that’s really intense or painful is excruciating. If you go skiing and break your leg in several places, the ride from the slope to the hospital will be excruciating — unless you're unconscious, too.
Excruciating doesn't just hurt. It feels like torture. This adjective actually comes to us from the Latin excruciatus, which means “to afflict, harass, vex, torment.” Extremely painful injuries are certainly excruciating, but sometimes so are tedious tasks or long waits: Watching the old lady in front of you pay for her groceries one nickel at a time can be just as excruciating as 4 broken ribs, especially if you're in a hurry.
WORD FAMILY
excruciating: excruciatingly+/excruciate: excruciated, excruciates, excruciating, excruciation/excruciation: excruciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The piece, excruciating to read now, discussed the significance of Clinton running on an explicitly feminist platform and winning thanks to women’s votes.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
At the core of this small group are legislative veterans who understand the excruciating difficulties of getting major bills to a president’s desk.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He does remember waking up to excruciating pain.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 使苦恼的; 极度的
分布：折磨人的(46%)，极痛苦的(45%)，动词excruciate的现在分词形式.(9%)
→ex-, 向外。-cruc, 十字，折磨，词源同cross, crucifix.
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■extremely painful 剧烈疼痛的；极痛苦的
• an excruciating pain in the lower back 腰部的剧烈疼痛
■extremely boring or embarrassing 极其乏味的；极其令人厌烦的；极度尴尬的
• excruciating boredom 极其无聊
• His confession, when it came, was excruciating. 当他作出忏悔时，人们感到非常尴尬。
adj. 折磨人的；使苦恼的
 - torturous, cat-and-mouse
v. 折磨；使苦恼；使受酷刑（excruciate的ing形式）
 - tormenting

Word: vindicate
Front: vindicate
[ˈvɪndɪkeɪt] (托雅宝 13147/11161 -1)
Vocabulary: vindicate
(once / 719 pages)
v
Vindicate means to justify, prove, or reinforce an idea — or to absolve from guilt. If your family thinks you hogged the last piece of pie on Thanksgiving, you'll be vindicated when your younger brother fesses up.
Vindicate derives from the Latin vindicatus, which is the past tense of vindicare, meaning "lay claim to" or "avenge." When a physicist proves a theory that his colleagues derided, he vindicates it. When a lawyer clears her client's name in a trial, she vindicates him. Machiavelli argued that the results he got vindicated his tactics — in other words, the ends justified the means.
WORD FAMILY
vindicate: vindicated, vindicates, vindicating, vindication, vindicator, vindicatory+/ vindication: vindications/vindicator: vindicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet Senator de Lima remains defiant, insisting she will be vindicated, and calling now for international intervention to investigate the drug killings.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
He added that the terrorist attack on a Christmas market in Berlin this week vindicates him.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Pelagio says he’s confident that an ongoing investigation will vindicate him.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 维护; 证明…无辜; 证明…正确; 为…辩护
时态：vindicated, vindicating, vindicates
分布：证明 ... 正确(50%)，证明无辜(50%)
→来自拉丁语vindicare,维护，坚持，保护，防卫，vin-,力量，能力，词源同win,-dic,说，词源同diction。引申词义提供证据，反驳指责，证实。
辩护;拥护(vin力量+dic说+ate→用力量说→拥护)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
【记】vin＝vim（n 活力），dic说，ate－有活力地说－证明正确，平反vin胜利，dic说，ate：为了胜利说－证明
【区】vindictive（adj 报复性的）
【反】calumniate（v 中伤）；impugn（v 打击；驳斥）
verb transitive
■to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong 证明…正确；证明…是真的
• The decision to include Morris in the team was completely vindicated when he scored three goals. 莫里斯攻入了三球，证明当初将他招入队中是完全正确的。
• The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper. 调查证明了她对那家报纸的投诉属实。
■to prove that someone is not guilty or is free from blame, after other people blamed them 证明（某人）无辜，澄清
• [R] They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate them selves. 他们说他们欢迎审判，那是证明他们无罪的一个机会。
vt. 维护；证明…无辜；证明…正确
 - assert, safekeep

Word: impractical
Front: impractical
[ɪmˈpræktɪkl] (13148/11205 -1)
Vocabulary: impractical
(once / 6925 pages)
adj
Something impractical is difficult or impossible to achieve. It might sound like a great idea, but it's not going to happen. It's just not practical.
Impractical ideas make no sense or just can’t be done. Heels so high you have a fish swimming in them are cool, but very impractical. Trying to drive from New York to California in four hours, which could never happen, is impractical. Something impractical is not likely to work. Practical ideas are feasible, but impractical ideas are based on wishful thinking. When someone tells you an idea is impractical, she’s saying, "Get real."
WORD FAMILY
impractical: impracticality, impractically+/impracticability: impracticabilities/impracticable: impracticability, impracticableness, impracticably/impracticality: impracticalities/practicability: practicabilities/ practicable: impracticable, practicability, practicableness, practicably/ practical: impractical, practicality, practically / practicality: practicalities/ practice: practicable, practical, practiced, practices, practicing/practiced: unpracticed
USAGE EXAMPLES
So let’s look at four impractical financial moves versus the real life practicality of year-end checklist items:
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
They rejected the popular-vote method, characterizing it as impractical, if not outright dangerous.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
But Edmund King, president of the AA, called the proposal "fairly impractical".
BBC(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不切实际的; 无用的; 不现实的; 不善做实际工作的
分布：不切实际的(81%)，不实用的(19%)
→im-,不，非，practical,切合实际的。
adjective
■Impractical people are not naturally good at doing useful jobs such as making or repairing things. （人）无动手能力的，手不灵巧的
■Impractical arrangements, ideas or methods cannot be done or used easily or effectively （安排、想法或方法）不切实际的，不现实的
• It's impractical to have so many people all trying to use this equipment at the same time. 要让这么多人同时使用这个设备是不切实际的。
■Impractical clothes, devices, etc. cause problems when used in normal situations （衣服、装置等）不实用的
• I love high heels but they're rather impractical. 我喜欢高跟鞋，但它很不实用。
adj. 不切实际的，不现实的；不能实行的
 - ideal, unreasonable, dream

Word: revamp
Front: revamp
[ˌri:ˈvæmp] (13133/19515 -1)
Vocabulary: revamp
(once / 3906 pages)
v
If you revamp something, you renovate or remake it. You'll have to revamp your vacation plans if the hotel where you were planning to stay has closed for repairs and renovations.
The vamp of a shoe or boot is the front part that covers the top of the foot. If that part of your shoe needed repair or replacement, then you would have to revamp it. From this sense, we get the more common meaning of revamp — to restore or fix up. Your favorite hotel might be trying to revamp its image, to reinvent its reputation as a family resort.
WORD FAMILY
revamp: revamped, revamping, revamps
USAGE EXAMPLES
It committed to spending $12 billion on airport construction and revamping this year alone.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The software giant recently revamped its Dynamics software for web delivery.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Its failure to be nominated for an Academy Award caused such an outcry that the process for nominating Oscar-worthy documentaries was eventually revamped.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（某物）更新，翻新; 修补，修改; 修理
n. 改进; 换新鞋面
时态：revamped, revamping, revamps
分布：改造(56%)，修补(32%)，改组(7%)，改建(5%)
→re-,再，重新，vamp,鞋面。比喻用法。
[ˌri:'væmp] informal
verb transitive
■to change or arrange something again, in order to improve it 修改；改进
• We revamped all the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. 我们对管理制度作了彻底改进，但是经营业绩并不比从前好。
vt. 修补；翻新；修改
 - modify, piece up
n. 改进；换新鞋面
 - improvement, reforming, enrichment

Word: embedded
Front: embedded
[ɪm'bedɪd] (13104/16991)
Vocabulary: embedded
(once / 2267 pages)
adj
The adjective embedded describes something that is encased in a surrounding substance. On a walking tour of Fredericksburg, Virginia, you can see buildings with embedded Civil War cannonballs.
Embedded also means to insert as part of a whole. In wartime, embedded journalists are stationed with military units so that they can make first-hand reports on the news, and so that viewers can have a more in-depth understanding of issues facing the soldiers. This use arose during the Iraq war in 2003. Embedded comes from the verb embed, which originally applied to materials embedded in rocks, such as fossils.
WORD FAMILY
embed: embedded, embedding, embeds
USAGE EXAMPLES
“In simple terms, that’s because the middle class is largely embedded in the party-state,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I was a chubby child, not good at games, unpopular with peers, and embedded in a dysfunctional family.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
“Models are opinions embedded in mathematics,” she writes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 植入的，深入的，内含的
v. 把…嵌入，埋入( embed的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：植入的(58%)，嵌入的(42%)
(US also imbedded) [ɪm'bed.ɪd] adjective
FIXED 固定的
■fixed into the surface of something 嵌入（或插入、埋入）…之中的
• The thorn was embedded in her thumb. 刺扎进了她的大拇指。
(US also imbedded) [ɪm'bed.ɪd] adjective
EMOTION 感情的
■If an emotion, opinion, etc. is embedded in someone or something, it is a very strong or important part of them （感情、态度等）深切的，根深蒂固的，强烈感受到的
• A sense of guilt was deeply embedded in my conscience. 一种罪恶感在我内心打下了深深的烙印。
(US also imbedded) [ɪm'bed.ɪd] adjective
PROTECTED BY SOLDIERS 被士兵保护的
■An embedded journalist or reporter travels with and is protected by a unit of soldiers during a war. （记者）随军采访的

Word: stoke
Front: stoke
[stəʊk] (宝 13140/8197 -1)
Vocabulary: stoke
(once / 981 pages)
v
To stoke is to poke a fire and fuel it so that it burns higher. It can also mean "incite"––a principal's impassive silence in the face of requests for more tater tots might stoke the flames of student anger.
When a surfer says, "I am so stoked," it means they are excited––the fire of enthusiasm is burning hotter. It's interesting to reflect on how many words in our language have to do with the tending of fires, an activity that has become much less common in recent human history.
WORD FAMILY
stoke: stoked, stoker, stokes, stoking+/stoker: stokers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Electronic toys and games played outside school plus the availability of knockoff German army clothes may stoke curiosity about the Nazis, Liang said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I've never before seen a Stoke defence bulldozed down like that on a set play.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
This looks like little more than a cynical ploy to stoke public antipathy to federal regulation.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 拨旺火; 使饱吃一顿; 给（机车等）烧火
vi. 烧火; 做司炉工; 大吃大喝
n. 斯托克
时态：stoked, stoking, stokes
分布：煽动(100%)
→来自荷兰语 stoken,捅，添加燃料，来自 Proto-Germanic*stok,捅，推，来自 steig,捅，推， 词源同 stake,stick.引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：斯托克Stoker，亚伯拉罕，他是英国作家，哥特式恐怖小说《德雷库拉》的作者；在该部小说中的主人公是一个蒸汽火车头和蒸汽船中的司炉，也就是烧火工（被雇来往火炉内添加燃料的人）
US [stoʊk] (also stoke up)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to add fuel to a large closed fire and move the fuel around with a stick so that it burns well and produces a lot of heat 添加燃料以拨旺（炉火）
• Once the fire had been stoked up, the room began to get warm. 炉火添了木柴拨旺之后，屋子里开始暖和起来。
■to encourage bad ideas or feelings in a lot of people 煽动，激起（不良想法或情感）
• He's been accused of stoking up racial hatred in the region. 他被控在这地区煽动种族仇恨。
• Rumours of an emergency meeting of the finance ministers stoked the atmosphere of crisis. 财政首长们召开紧急会议的传言使人感到危机重重。
UK [stəʊk] US [stoʊk] (also stoke up)
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  stoke up on/with sth informal
■to eat a lot of a particular food in order to avoid feeling hungry or weak later 大吃，饱餐一顿
• As it was a cold morning, she stoked up on bacon, eggs and beans on toast. 由于早上很冷，她饱餐了一顿培根（烟肉）、鸡蛋和豆烤面包。
vi. 烧火；做司炉工；大吃大喝
 - fire, feast on

Word: year-long
Front: year-long
[jə: lɔŋ] (-1)
Back: adj. 长达一年的，一年之久的
分布：长达一年的(100%)
ADJ
一整年的;持续一年的
Year-long is used to describe something that lasts for a year.
例：The miners ended their year-long strike in March 1985.1985年3月矿工们结束了持续一年之久的罢工。

Word: consensual
Front: consensual
[kənˈsenʃuəl] (13093/16715)
Vocabulary: consensual
(once / 31022 pages)
adj
If something is consensual, all parties are in agreement that they approve of it. You and your neighbor could have a consensual agreement to share the cost of putting up a fence between your houses.
Consensual is related to the English words consensus and consent. They all go back to the Latin verb consentire, meaning "to agree" or literally, "to feel together," from the combination of sentire and com. In modern English, consensual is often used when discussing sex, particularly whether the act was consensual, agreed on by both people, or non-consensual, if one person was unwilling or too young to legally give consent.
WORD FAMILY
consensual: consensually+/ consensus: consensual, consensuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Adaptable, consensual, affable, intellectual, Guterres is perhaps better qualified than any of his nine predecessors for the world’s most demanding job.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In some cases, studios will grant their employees early releases from their contracts, but typically only if a consensual agreement is reached, Petrocelli said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Cook’s defense attorneys say his encounters with the women were consensual.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 经双方同意的，一致同意的
分布：交感性的(50%)，在两愿下成立的(50%)
US [ˌkɑ:n-] formal or legal
adjective
■with the willing agreement of all the people involved 一致同意的；经各方同意的；两厢情愿的
• The woman alleged rape, but Reeves insisted it was consensual. 那女人声称是强奸，可是里夫斯坚称是双方自愿的。
• consensual sex 两厢情愿的性行为

Word: hormonal
Front: hormonal
[hɔ:'məʊnl] (13088/16629)
Back: adj. 激素的，荷尔蒙的; 生理的
分布：激素的(52%)，荷尔蒙的(48%)
ADJ
激素的;荷尔蒙的;有关激素的
Hormonal means relating to or involving hormones.
例：...our individual hormonal balance.我们每个人体内的激素平衡
adj. 荷尔蒙的，激素的
 - incretionary

Word: burned
Front: burned
[bɜ:nd] (13155/23425)
Back: v. （使）燃烧( burn的过去式和过去分词 ); 使用某物为燃料; 烧毁; 烧坏
分布：燃烧的(60%)，动词burn的过去式和过去分词.(20%)，焦头烂额的(20%)
VERB
着火；燃烧
If there is a fire or a flame somewhere, you say that there is a fire or flame burning there.
例：Fires were burning out of control in the center of the city...市中心的火势失去了控制。
例：There was a fire burning in the large fireplace...大壁炉里火势正旺。
VERB
着火；烧着
If something is burning, it is on fire.
例：When I arrived one of the vehicles was still burning.当我到达时，其中一辆车还在燃烧。
例：The building housed 1,500 refugees and it burned for hours...这幢住有1,500名难民的大楼燃烧了好几个小时。
VERB
烧掉；烧毁
If you burn something, you destroy or damage it with fire.
例：Protesters set cars on fire and burned a building...抗议者焚烧汽车，并烧毁了一座建筑。
例：Incineration plants should be built to burn household waste...应该建立焚烧厂以焚毁日常生活垃圾。
V-ERG
点燃；燃烧
If you burn a fuel or if it burns, it is used to produce heat, light, or energy.
例：The power stations burn coal from the Ruhr region...发电站烧的煤产自鲁尔地区。
例：Manufacturers are working with new fuels to find one that burns more cleanly than petrol.制造商们正在研制新型燃料，以找到一种比汽油更清洁的燃料。
V-ERG
烧焦；烤煳
If you burn something that you are cooking or if it burns, you spoil it by using too much heat or cooking it for too long.
例：I burnt the toast...我把面包烤糊了。
例：Watch them carefully as they finish cooking because they can burn easily.就要做好时得小心看着，因为它们很容易烧糊。
VERB
烧伤；灼伤
If you burn part of your body, burn yourself, or are burnt, you are injured by fire or by something very hot.
例：Take care not to burn your fingers...注意别烧着手指头。
例：If you are badly burnt, seek medical attention.如果是严重烧伤，就得去看医生。
VERB
烧死
If someone is burnt or burnt to death, they are killed by fire.
例：Women were burned as witches in the middle ages...妇女在中世纪时被当成女巫烧死。
例：At least 80 people were burnt to death when their bus caught fire.大客车着火导致至少80人被烧死。
VERB
发光；照亮
If a light is burning, it is shining.
例：The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-story window.整座大楼一片漆黑，只有3层的一个窗户透出一丝光亮。
VERB
（因尴尬或心烦而）脸红
If your face is burning, it is red because you are embarrassed or upset.
例：Liz's face was burning.利兹的脸红得发烫。
VERB
有强烈的情感；极度渴望
If you are burning with an emotion or are burning to do something, you feel that emotion or the desire to do that thing very strongly.
例：The young boy was burning with a fierce ambition...这个年轻人怀有极其远大的抱负。
例：Dan burned to know what the reason could be.丹急于想知道原因。
V-ERG
晒伤；晒黑
If you burn or get burned in the sun, the sun makes your skin become red and sore.
例：Build up your tan slowly and don't allow your skin to burn...慢慢地将皮肤晒成古铜色，小心别让太阳把皮肤晒伤。
例：Summer sun can burn fair skin in minutes.夏天的太阳几分钟就能把白皙的皮肤晒黑。
V-ERG
（使）火辣辣地痛；（使）发烫
If a part of your body burns or if something burns it, it has a painful, hot or stinging feeling.
例：My eyes burn from staring at the needle...我的眼睛由于长时间盯着针看而疼痛。
例：His face was burning with cold.他的脸被冻得发痛。
VERB
遭受损失；亏损
If you are burned or get burned, you lose something as a result of taking a risk, usually in a business deal.
例：They always took chances and got burned very badly in past years.他们总是冒险，在过去的几年里损失惨重。
VERB
刻录（光盘）
To burn a CD-ROM means to write or copy data onto it.
例：You can use this software to burn custom compilations of your favorite tunes.你可以用这个软件来刻录你最喜欢的乐曲。

Word: fertilization
Front: fertilization
[ˌfɜ:təlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (13121/27842)
Vocabulary: fertilization
(once / 7216 pages)
1n 2n
Fertilization means you're applying something to the soil to make it better. Chemicals or even manure can be used for fertilization. That may not smell very nice, but your plants will grow better as a result.
The noun fertilization also can refer to the process that allows humans and animals to reproduce. Fertilization occurs when an egg and sperm come together. Fertilization might happen if your dog keeps hanging out with that golden retriever down the street — then you can look forward to raising some puppies. Similarly, fertilization of a plant can occur when a bee transfers pollen from one flower to another.
WORD FAMILY
fertilization: fertilizations, self-fertilization+/ fertile: fertilely, fertilest, fertilise, fertility, fertilize, fertily, infertile, unfertile/fertilisation: self-fertilisation/fertilise: cross-fertilise, fertilisation, fertilised, fertiliser, fertilises, fertilising/fertilised: self-fertilised, unfertilised/fertiliser: fertilisers/ fertility: antifertility, fertilities/fertilize: cross-fertilize, fertilizable, fertilization, fertilized, fertilizer, fertilizes, fertilizing/fertilized: self-fertilized, unfertilized/fertilizer: fertilizers/ infertile: infertility/infertility: infertilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also suggest that social maintenance fees be abolished and that single women be given access to in vitro fertilization.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Iron fertilization was seen as a crazy scheme.
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
All rely on cell lines originally created from donated embryos left over from in vitro fertilization procedures.
Science Magazine(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 施肥; 受精，受精过程，受精行为[现象]; 受孕; 受胎
分布：施肥(55%)，受精(45%)
VERB
使受精;为…授粉
When an egg from the ovary of a woman or female animal is fertilized, a sperm from the male joins with the egg, causing a baby or young animal to begin forming. A female plant is fertilized when its reproductive parts come into contact with pollen from the male plant.
例：Certain varieties cannot be fertilised with their own pollen.某些物种只能异花授粉。
例：...the normal sperm levels needed to fertilise the female egg...能让卵子受孕所需的正常精子水平
VERB
给…施肥;使肥沃
To fertilize land means to improve its quality in order to make plants grow well on it, by spreading solid animal waste or a chemical mixture on it.
例：The faeces contain nitrogen and it is that which fertilises the desert soil.粪便含氮，而正是氮可以肥化荒芜的土地。
例：...chemically fertilized fields.施用化肥的田地
n. [农] 施肥； [胚] 受精；肥沃
 - enrichment, richness

Word: uproar
Front: uproar
[ˈʌprɔ:(r)] (研六托宝 13150/13911 -1)
Vocabulary: uproar
(once / 719 pages)
n
Any kind of noisy disturbance can be called an uproar. A large group of political protesters outside City Hall is likely to create an uproar.
There's often an uproar in the audience of a rock concert when the band first appears on stage — people cheer and applaud and whistle. An announcement that the neighborhood donut shop is out of donuts could create another kind of uproar, especially if people have been standing in a long line dreaming of crullers and chocolate glazed donuts. Uproar comes from the German Aufruhr, "a stirring up."
WORD FAMILY
uproar: uproarious, uproars+/ uproarious: uproariously
USAGE EXAMPLES
As is his wont, and to familiar uproar, Trump expressed his approval on Twitter.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a law that virtually guarantees an uproar, and in the case of the last two designs, a little controversy.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The deal, announced in April, caused public uproar and protests by Egyptians who said the uninhabited islands of Tiran and Sanafir belonged to their country.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 吵闹; 骚乱，骚动; 喧嚣
分布：骚动(57%)，喧嚣(43%)
→来自荷兰语uproer, 骚乱，up,向上，-roer, 摇动，搅拌，词源同rare, 翻炒，半熟。引申词义骚乱。而吵闹义可能是受roar影响的拼写讹误。
n.骚动,喧嚣,鼎沸With an uproar, the train began to move.随着一阵轰鸣声,火车开动了.
【记】up上，roar（n /v 吼叫）－喧闹
US [-rɔ:r] noun [S or U]
■when a lot of people complain about something angrily 喧嚣；嘈杂；吵闹
• The book caused an uproar in France. 该书在法国引起了轩然大波。
• The whole hall was in uproar after the announcement. 宣布完后，整个大厅一片哗然。
n. 骚动；喧嚣
 - combustion, turmoil, hurly

Word: uncontrollable
Front: uncontrollable
[ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊləbl] (13161/14049 -1)
Vocabulary: uncontrollable
(once / 2468 pages)
adj
Uncontrollable things can't be managed or influenced. An uncontrollable three-year-old can be a handful, while a politician with an uncontrollable desire for power can be dangerous.
If you fly off the handle at the smallest irritation, snapping angrily at the people around you, you have an uncontrollable temper. And when you and your best friend burst into giggles in the middle of chemistry class, it's uncontrollable laughter that's going to get you in trouble. When something is controllable, it can be restricted or restrained. Add the "not" prefix un-, and you've got something uncontrollable.
WORD FAMILY
controllable: controllably, uncontrollable +/ control: controled, controling, controllable, controlled, controller, controlling, controls, decontrol, self-control / controlled: controlledly, uncontrolled/controller: controllers, controllership/controlling: controllingest, controllingly/decontrol: decontrolled, decontrolling, decontrols/uncontrolled: uncontrollably, uncontrolledly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some people are so sensitive to this effect that they develop uncontrollable coughing.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“There’s a gap, and that gap is the uncontrollable moment, and that’s what you want to look at.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法控制的; 难以驾驭的; 无法管束的; 不可控
分布：控制不住的(72%)，无法管束的(28%)
US [-'troʊ-] adjective
■too strong or violent to be controlled 无法控制的；抑制不住的
• I was suddenly overcome with an uncontrollable desire to hit him. 我突然有一种抑制不住想打他的念头。
adj. 无法控制的；无法管束的；难以驾驭的
 - indisciplinable

Word: jolly
Front: jolly
[ˈdʒɒli] (研四六宝 13154/8699 -2)
Vocabulary: jolly
(once / 313 pages)
1adjvn 2adv 3n
Someone who's jolly is extremely cheerful. Your jolly French teacher might spend a large part of each class laughing out loud at his own jokes — if only you understood French, you could laugh along with him.
Santa Claus might be the mythical figure best known for being jolly — he's especially famous for his jolly "Ho ho ho!" Anyone who tends to be merry or festive is jolly, and when you want to cheer up a less-than-jolly friend, you can jolly them, teasing or kidding until they smile. The Old French root is jolif, "festive, merry, or pretty."
WORD FAMILY
jolly: jollied, jollier, jollies, jolliest, jollily, jolliness, jollity, jollying+/ jollity: jollities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jolly called South Bend’s ban “stupid” but said he will follow it.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I was just like, ‘I can’t be too jolly up there because the season hasn’t been too great,’” Williams said Friday.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It posted the announcement "Grandpa Frost and Snow Maiden also pay their taxes" on its Hrodna and Homel regional sites under a deceptively jolly logo.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 快活的; 兴高采烈的; 愉快的; 有趣的
adv. 很; 非常
vt. 使高兴，使愉快; 打趣
vi. 开玩笑; 作乐
n. 寻欢作乐; 奉承，逢迎; 皇家陆战队兵士; 老富豪
时态：jollied, jollying, jollies
分布：非常(32%)，快乐的(20%)，愉快的(16%)，开玩笑(10%)，哄(5%)，欢庆(5%)，戏虐(4%)，极为(4%)，恭维(4%)
→来自古法语jolif,节日，欢乐。词源不确定，可能来自古诺斯语jol,冬天的节日，词源同Yule,yuletide.或来自拉丁语gaudere,享受，愉悦，词源同gaudy,enjoy.
a.欢乐的,高兴的The enrolled jolly stroller polled on the trolley.被招收的快乐的散步者在无轨电车上投票.
US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
HAPPY 高兴的
■happy and smiling 兴高采烈的，快活的
• a jolly smile/manner/mood 开心的微笑／兴高采烈的样子／愉快的心情
• She's a very jolly, upbeat sort of a person. 她是个非常乐观向上的人。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
ENJOYABLE 令人愉快的 old-fashioned
■enjoyable, energetic and entertaining 令人愉快的，惬意的
• a jolly occasion 令人愉快的场合
• We spent a very jolly evening together, chatting and drinking. 我们一起聊天、喝酒，渡过了一个惬意的晚上。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
ATTRACTIVE 吸引人的
■bright and attractive 明亮好看的
• I love the bright yellow you've painted the children's room - it makes it look really jolly. 我喜欢你给孩子房间涂刷的鲜黄色——这使它看起来十分明亮悦目。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adjective
jolly hockey sticks UK humorous
■describes a woman or girl of a high social class who is enthusiastic in a way that annoys most people （上层社会女子）好交际的，过分热情而让人讨厌的
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
■very 很，非常
• That's a jolly nice scarf you're wearing. 你戴的围巾很漂亮。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
jolly good old-fashioned
■used to express approval of something that someone has said or done, or to show that you have heard or understood what someone has said （表示赞同、已听到或明白）很好
• "I've left all the papers you need on your desk." "Oh, jolly good." “我把你需要的档都放在你桌子上了。”“噢，很好。”
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
Jolly good show ! old use
■used to express admiration for what someone has said or done （表示赞赏）做得好！太棒了！
• "We won!" "Oh, jolly good show!" “我们赢了！”“啊，太棒了！”
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] verb transitive + adverb or preposition informal
■to encourage someone to do something by putting them in a good mood and persuading them gently （说好话）哄，捧，鼓励
• I'll try to jolly my parents into letting me borrow the car this weekend. 我会试着哄我爸妈周末把汽车借给我。
• She didn't really want to go to the party, so we had to jolly her along a bit. 她并不太想参加聚会，所以我们要哄得她高兴点。
UK ['dʒɒl.i] US ['dʒɑ:.li] verb transitive + adverb or preposition informal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] jolly sth up UK informal
■to make something brighter and more attractive 使更明亮悦目
• I thought I'd jolly the room up with some colourful curtains. 我想我会用些色彩鲜艳的窗帘让房间更明亮好看。
joyful, glad, delightful, merry, gay, happy, agreeable, jolly, nice, pleasant, cheerful
这组词都有“愉快的，高兴的”的意思，其区别是：
joyful: 语气较强，强调心情或感情上的欣喜。
glad: 最普通用词，语气较弱，表示礼貌的惯用语。指乐于做某事或因某事而感到满足，常表愉快的心情。
delightful: 指能带来强烈的快乐，激起愉快的情感，用于非常愉快的场合。
merry: 指精神情绪的暂时高涨，表示欢乐、愉快的心境或情景，侧重充满欢笑声和乐趣。
gay: 侧重无忧无虑、精神昂扬、充满生命的快乐。
happy: 侧重感到满足、幸福或高兴。
agreeable: 指与感受者的愿望、情趣或受好等和谐一致而带来的心情上的快意。
jolly: 通俗用词，多指充满快乐与喜悦的神情。
nice: 语气较温和，泛指任何愉快或满意的感觉。
pleasant: 侧重给人以“赏心悦目”或“愉快的，宜人的”感受。
cheerful: 多指因内心的愉快而表现出兴高采烈，是强调而自然的感情流露。
adj. 愉快的；欢乐的；宜人的
 - good, bright, grateful, fragrant, cheerful
adv. 很；非常
 - greatly, quite, badly, extremely, too, highly, far
vi. （口）开玩笑
 - fool, kid around, to play a joke, to joke

Word: migraine
Front: migraine
[ˈmi:greɪn] (13152/15359 -1)
Vocabulary: migraine
(once / 7247 pages)
n
A migraine is a severe headache. When you get a migraine, you'll probably want to stay in bed, in a dark room, until it passes.
When you get a headache that's so painful that you can't work or function, you've probably got a migraine. It's usually women who get migraines, and you are either a person who gets migraines throughout your life, or you never get one at all. Migraines often come with side effects like nausea and blurred vision, and they often affect just one side of the head. The word comes from the Greek hemi-, "half" and kranion, "skull."
WORD FAMILY
migraine: migraines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kubiak was back in the hospital, this time diagnosed with a complex migraine headache.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Kubiak missed a week of work in October after suffering a complex migraine, his second health scare in three years.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
This season, Kubiak was hospitalized with a “complex migraine” that caused him to miss one of the Broncos’ games.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [医]偏头痛
分布：偏头疼(100%)
→来自古法语migraigne,来自拉丁语hemicraniar的俗化发音，来自hemi-,半边的，-cran,头颅，词源同cranial,cranium.即半边头痛，偏头痛。
偏头痛(migr+ine→移来移去的[头痛]→偏头痛)[migr=remove,表示"迁移"]
US ['maɪ-] noun countable or uncountable
■severe continuous pain in the head, often with vomiting and difficulty in seeing 偏头痛
• Do you suffer from migraine? 你患有偏头痛吗？
• Considering the amount of stress she's under, it's not surprising she keeps getting migraines. 想想她所承受的压力，她常常有偏头痛也就不足为奇了。
• a migraine headache 偏头痛
n. [内科] [中医] 偏头痛
 - megrim

Word: candor
Front: candor
['kændə] (宝 13158/-)
Vocabulary: candor
(once / 1950 pages)
n
Candor usually means the quality of being open, honest, and sincere. If someone tells you they think you are dumb, you might reply with, "While I appreciate your candor, I don't think we need to be friends anymore."
The corresponding adjective is candid, as in "I want you to be candid. Do these pants make me look fat?" Candor is from French candeur, from Latin candor, from candēre "to shine, be white." The color white is associated with purity, which is a now obsolete meaning of candor.
WORD FAMILY
candor: candors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her campaign, responding with the transparency, openness and candor for which it is famous, initially downplays the incident, saying that Clinton felt “overheated.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Such candor is rare from English Premier League referees who are usually prevented from speaking publicly.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But it’s her willingness to bring lucid, sometimes lacerating candor to even her most private struggles that will be her most meaningful legacy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 坦率; 爽直; 公正; 公平
分布：坦白(53%)，直率(47%)
坦白[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】cand白的，纯洁的，or表状态－纯洁的状态－坦白
【反】artifice（n 狡诈）；mendacity（n 谎言）
n. 坦白；直率
 - freedom, admission

Word: ply
Front: ply
[plaɪ] (托 13164/13702 -1)
Vocabulary: ply
(once / 669 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4nv
Ply means to work steadily at something. If you've got a lemonade stand and you're busy perfecting your recipe and seeking out customers, you're doing a good job of plying your trade.
A ship that regularly travels a particular route plies that route. When someone offers you food or drink, often in hopes of getting something in return, they're plying you: "If I ply you with cake, will you take my dog for a walk?" The noun ply is very different from the verb, referring to layers or strands. Four-ply yarn is made up of four strands. Plywood is made of many layers of wood glued together.
WORD FAMILY
ply: pliable, plied, plier, plies, plyer, plying+/ pliable: pliability, pliably/plier: pliers /plyer: plyers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Five of those players now ply their trade in the W.N.B.A.:
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This is pretty much the scenario wherever he plies his craft, Roskelley said.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Roaming musicians ply their trade for tips against a backdrop of restored art nouveau buildings.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 使用（工具）; 经常供应（食物、饮料）; 固定往来; 经营生意
n. （毛线、绳等的）股; 层; 厚; （夹板的）层片
vt. （娴熟地）使用
时态：plied, plying, plies
分布：定期往返(47%)，厚度(16%)，褶(13%)，一层(6%)，不断供应(6%)，一股(6%)，使胶合(6%)
→来自拉丁语plicare,弯，转，折叠，编织，扭，词源同imply,complicate,complex.引申诸相关词义。
(绳子等)股v.来回做(重复做)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
noun uncountable
■the particular number of threads from which wool or rope, etc. is made, used as a measure of its thickness （线等的）层，股
• six balls of four-ply (wool) 六个有四股毛线的线球
• What ply do you need for that knitting pattern? 那个编结样式需要用几股毛线？
■the particular number of layers from which plywood or tissue is formed, used as a measure of its thickness （合板或纸巾的）层
• Will three- ply (= wood made from three layers stuck together) be strong enough for making a shelf? 三层夹板搭的架子是否够坚固？
[plaɪ] verb
WORK 工作
transitive
■to sell or to work regularly at something, especially a job involving selling things 经常从事（尤指卖东西的工作）；兜售
• Fishermen in small boats ply their trade up and down the coast. 渔民们驾着小船沿着海岸兜售海鲜。
• Dealers are openly plying drugs in school playgrounds. 毒品贩子公然在校园操场上兜售毒品。
• The market traders were loudly plying their wares. 市场上的商贩们在高声叫卖他们的商品。
ply for business/trade, etc.
■to try to get customers for your business in a public place, for example, as a taxi driver, by driving around or waiting in a regular place 招徕顾客；等生意
• UK There are never any taxis plying for trade/hire in our area. 我们这一地区从来都没有计程车在这里候客。
• I noticed a couple of prostitutes plying for business on the corner. 我看到转角处有几个妓女在拉客。
[plaɪ] verb
TRAVEL 旅行
intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive old-fashioned
■When a form of transport plies a particular route, it makes that journey regularly 定期往返（于）
• High-speed trains regularly ply between Paris and Lyons. 高速列车定期往返于巴黎和里昂之间。
• This airline has been plying the transatlantic route for many years. 这家航空公司经营跨大西洋航线已经很多年了。
[plaɪ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  ply sb with sth
■to keep giving a person something, usually food or drink 持续向（某人）提供（通常指食物、饮料）
• John's been plying me with drinks all evening. 约翰整个晚上都在给我倒酒。
■to keep giving someone work or forms to complete, or asking them questions 拿（工作、表格或问题）纠缠（某人）；不停地让（某人）回答（问题）
• We plied Charlie with questions about his trip round the world. 我们不停地问查理他环游世界的事情。
vt. 使用，不住地使用；折，弯；从事
 - undertake, make use of, fashion, pursue, address
vi. 辛勤工作；定期地来往（船、车等）
 - work hard, work like a horse
n. 厚度；板层；褶
 - thickness

Word: cadmium
Front: cadmium
[ˈkædmiəm] (13159/25171)
Back: n. 镉
分布：镉(100%)
→因在希腊Cadmean发现而以其命名的金属元素，该地名来自于希腊神话人物Cadmus。
noun uncountable
■a soft bluish white metallic element （金属元素）镉
n. [化学] 镉（元素符号Cd）
 - cadimium

Word: figurine
Front: figurine
[ˈfɪgəri:n] (宝 13120/22631)
Vocabulary: figurine
(once / 19313 pages)
n
A figurine is a small carved or molded statue, especially one in the shape of a person. If you have an extensive collection of figurines, you need to keep them high up and safe so your kids don't break them.
The word figurine is from the Italian word figurina, which itself is based on the Latin word figura, which means shape, body, or figure. You can buy all sorts of figurines. If you like movies, you can collect figurines that depict famous movie characters. You can also get figurines of comic book heroes. It's even common to have the figurine of a saint.
WORD FAMILY
figurine: figurines
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wells purchased the figurine that night and the team brought it to the banquet.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Ali’s collection of Christmas decorations includes Santa figurines another longtime patient left her in a will.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Chief Marc McNeal says the fire was most likely caused by the electric lights that illuminated the figurines.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小雕像，小塑像
分布：小雕像(54%)，小塑像(46%)
→来自figure, 雕像。-ine, 小词后缀。
小塑像(figure形体;塑像+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
【记】figure（n 外形；体形vt 塑造），ine小－小体形－小雕像
US [-jə-] noun countable
■a small model of a human, usually made of clay or porcelain （陶瓷）小雕像，小塑像
n. 小雕像，小塑像
 - statuette

Word: precondition
Front: precondition
[ˌpri:kənˈdɪʃn] (13103/12345 -1)
Vocabulary: precondition
(once / 17854 pages)
nv
A precondition is a prerequisite. It’s the thing that has to happen before something else happens. For example, as a precondition to getting your allowance, you might have to give the dog a hairdo once a week.
Precondition is often used in the negative – when world leaders meet to discuss something, they might ask for no preconditions. Clean slate. On the other hand, good grades are sometimes a precondition for joining the school basketball team. Applying for a new job can be frustrating when you realize that experience is a precondition, but you're not sure how to get the experience without getting a job. When it's a verb, precondition means to prepare something (or someone).
WORD FAMILY
precondition: preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions+/ condition: conditional, conditioned, conditioner, conditioning, conditions, precondition, recondition/ conditional: conditionality, conditionally, unconditional / conditioned: conditioneder, unconditioned / conditioner: conditioners/conditioning: conditionings/recondition: reconditioned, reconditioning, reconditions/ unconditional: unconditionally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Netanyahu says all disputes must be settled through direct negotiations without any preconditions, and that any international pressure undermines the negotiating process.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Syria's government said it was ready to resume dialogue with the opposition but without "external intervention or preconditions".
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
But the taste for turr was so entrenched that allowing the hunt to continue became a precondition for Newfoundland to join Canada in 1949.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 前提; 先决条件
vt. 预先处理; 事先准备
时态：preconditioned, preconditioning, preconditions
分布：前提(86%)，先决条件(13%)，预先准备(1%)
→pre-,在前，condition,情况。
noun countable
■something which must happen or be true before it is possible for something else to happen 前提，先决条件
• A halt to the fighting is a precondition for negotiations. 停火是谈判的前提。
n. 前提；先决条件
 - premise, prerequisite
vt. 预处理；事先准备
 - preprocess, pretreat

Word: extracurricular
Front: extracurricular
[ˌekstrəkə'rɪkjʊlə] (六 13137/-)
Vocabulary: extracurricular
(once / 22951 pages)
adj
Something extracurricular takes place in addition to your regular school or work duties. Being involved in extracurricular activities in high school — like sports or journalism — can help you get accepted to the college of your choice.
Extracurricular is a combination of the Latin prefix extra- meaning "on the outside" and the word curriculum, meaning "a running, course, career." Something that is extracurricular is on the outside of your course or career. When you get involved in an extracurricular activity, you are going outside of what's expected. Extracurricular can also refer to a spouse's adulterous activities, taking place outside of their marriage commitment.
WORD FAMILY
curricular: curricularly, extracurricular +/ curriculum: curricula, curricular, curriculums
USAGE EXAMPLES
They won’t receive class credit either — this is an extracurricular effort.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The students who are least likely to be involved in drugs are the athletes and students involved in extracurricular activities, Bonney said.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The learning he will be doing will be almost completely extracurricular.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 学校课程以外的; 课外
分布：课外的(64%)，业余的(36%)
【记】curricular（adj 课程的）
US [-jə.lɚ] adjective
■describes an activity or subject that is not part of the usual school or college course （活动、主题等）课外的
■humorous
■used to refer to something a person does secretly or unofficially and not within their normal work or relationship, especially a sexual relationship 业余的，分外的；（尤指性关系）婚外的
• He detailed the future president's extracurricular activities while governor. 他把未来总统当州长时的风流韵事一五一十全说了出来。
adj. 课外的；业余的；婚外的
 - leisure, sparetime

Word: sister-in-law
Front: sister-in-law
[ˈsɪstərɪnˌlɔ:] (-1)
Back: n. 夫或妻的姐妹; 嫂; 弟媳
分布：夫或妻的姊妹(100%)
US [-tɚ.ɪn.lɑ:] (plural sisters-in-law)
noun countable
■the wife of your brother, or the sister of your husband or wife, or the wife of the brother of your husband or wife 嫂子；弟媳；大（或小）姑子；大（或小）姨子；妯娌；丈夫（或妻子）的嫂子（或弟媳）

Word: arcane
Front: arcane
[ɑ:ˈkeɪn] (宝 13167/19237 -1)
Vocabulary: arcane
(once / 10944 pages)
adj
Something arcane is understood or known by only a few people. Almost everyone knows the basics of baseball, but only an elite few possess the arcane knowledge of its history that marks the true fan.
A near synonym is esoteric, as in remote information or knowledge. Experts in academic fields often show off the depth of their knowledge by mentioning some arcane and esoteric fact as if it was common for everyone to know. The origin of arcane is Latin arcānus "secret, closed," from arca "a chest, box." Arcana (singular arcanum) are pieces of mysterious knowledge or information.
WORD FAMILY
arcane: arcanely
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until last year, JCT used a variety of economic models in its arcane calculations, reflecting the uncertainties in such work.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
And an arcane formula nationally continues to be a major question mark.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Much of Chafe’s analysis is arcane, in places straining credulity; but Bach, too, was a man of arcane bent.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 秘密的; 神秘的; 晦涩难解的
级别：arcaner, arcanest
分布：神秘的(82%)，不可思议的(18%)
→词根ark, 保护，隐藏，词源同单词ark, 方舟。
【记】1）arcan秘密－神秘的。参：arcanum（n 秘密，万灵药）2）arca拱。一般来说，拱形的人都是神秘的，带着斗笠，低着头，弯着腰，不让别人看见自己的脸。
【反】well-known（众所周知的）
US [ɑ:r-] formal
adjective
■mysterious and known only by a few people 神秘的；秘密的；晦涩难懂的
• He was the only person who understood all the arcane details of the agreement. 他是唯一能看懂协议中所有那些晦涩难懂的繁缛条文的人。
• This argument may seem arcane to those not closely involved in the world of finance. 对于那些不谙金融界事务的人而言，这种观点如同天书。
adj. 神秘的；晦涩难解的；秘传的
 - mysterious, uncanny

Word: quail
Front: quail
[kweɪl] (托宝 13122/22344 -1)
Vocabulary: quail
(once / 1141 pages)
1n 2v
Smaller than the chicken and not as well known as the pigeon, quail is like the often-overlooked middle child of the ground-dwelling bird family. Quail can also mean to cringe in fear or pain. So if you are a quail, you might quail at the thought of quail-hunting season.
Quail is a broad, catchall word; it can refer to any one of many small domestic game birds. So if you’re bragging about the quail you shot on a hunting trip to your uptight, bird-obsessed pals, they might demand to know if it was the Bobwhite quail, the Valley quail or the Scaled quail, to name just a few. If you use this word as a verb, it means to draw back in fear or pain. You might quail in fear at the sight of a playground bully. A good way to remember this verb meaning is to think of how the word chicken is also associated with fear.
WORD FAMILY
quail: quailed, quailing, quails
USAGE EXAMPLES
The seasons for ruffed grouse, bobwhite quail and pheasant all end on Saturday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Occasionally, I’ll see a hedgehog on our property—Galveston, his name is—and there’s no shortage of deer and quail.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
When characters quail in terror, their backbones turn concave.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 鹌鹑; 鹌鹑肉; <美俚>女大学生
vi. 沮丧; 畏缩，胆怯; 感到恐惧
vt. 使沮丧; 使畏缩
时态：quailed, quailing, quails
分布：鹌鹑(79%)，胆怯(12%)，畏缩(9%)
→拟声词，模仿这种鸟叫的声音。
【记】源于：qu去，ail（n 小病）象声词“哎哟”
【反】become resolute（变得坚决的）；give bold（使大胆）
noun countable or uncountable (plural quail or quails)
■a small brown bird which is shot for sport or food, or the meat of this bird 鹌鹑
• Quails' eggs are considered to be a delicacy. 鹌鹑蛋被视为美味的佳肴。
[kweɪl] verb intransitive literary
■to feel or show fear; to want to be able to move away from something because you fear it 害怕；退缩
• Charlie quailed at the sound of his mother's angry voice. 查理听到他母亲愤怒的声音，心里不由得感到害怕。
• She quailed before her boss's anger. 她在老板发怒前退缩了。
vi. 畏缩，胆怯；感到恐惧
 - recoil from, shrink back from

Word: err
Front: err
[ɜ:(r)] (托宝 13165/13980 -1)
Vocabulary: err
(once / 91 pages)
v
When you err, you make a mistake or do something wrong. When a newspaper reporter errs in a printed story, the paper often prints a correction the next day.
By itself, err, which shares a Latin root with error, is a formal way to say "mess up." The proverb "To err is human, to forgive divine" is an old-fashioned version of "Hey, everyone makes mistakes. Why don't you be the bigger person and let it go?" Err can also mean to go in a certain direction, as in another common saying, "Err on the side of caution," or "Play it safe."
WORD FAMILY
err: errant, erred, erring, error, errs, inerrable+/errancy: errancies/ errant: errancy, errantest, errantly, inerrant/erring: erringly, unerring/ error: errorless, errors/inerrable: inerrably/inerrant: inerrancy, inerrantly/unerring: unerringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Oakland Council Chairman Michael Perkins says the board is simply “erring on the side of caution” for the community until that happens.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Georgia Supreme Court tossed an earlier murder conviction, saying the trial court erred by allowing the jury to hear about the trooper’s 1983 slaying.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Equally unsettling — and horrifying — would be the possibility that officials erred in their prosecution and that innocent people were wrongly sent to jail.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vi. 犯错，做错; 走上歧途; 犯罪
时态：erred, erring, errs
分布：犯错(84%)，做错(16%)
→来自ers, 漫游，偏离，引申义错误，词源同error.
犯错[err=wander,mistake,表示"漫游,犯错误"]
【记】err作为词根：徘徊；错误
UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
■to make a mistake or to do something wrong 犯错误；做错事；出差错
• He erred in agreeing to her appointment. 他错在同意了对她的任命。
UK [ɜ:r] UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
err on the side of caution
■to be especially careful rather than taking a risk or making a mistake 宁愿过于谨慎也不要冒险犯错
• Twenty-five people have replied to the invitation, but I've erred on the side of caution and put out 30 chairs. 25人回覆了邀请函，但为谨慎起见我准备了30把椅子。
UK [ɜ:r] UK [eər] US [ɝ:] UK [er] formal
verb intransitive
To err is human (to forgive divine). saying
■something that you say which means that it is natural for people to make mistakes and it is important to forgive people when they do 人皆犯错（宽恕是德）；凡人多舛误（唯神能见宥）； 人非圣贤，孰能无过
vi. 犯错；做错；犯罪；走上歧途
 - sin, slip

Word: overdose
Front: overdose
[ˈəʊvədəʊs] (宝 13149/12595 -1)
Back: n. 过量用药
vi. 用药过量
vt. 给服过量的药
时态：overdosed, overdosing, overdoses
分布：过量(96%)，配药量过多(4%)
→over-,超过，过度，dose,剂量。
药物过量(over+dose剂量)[over-①表示"过度,过分"②表示"在……之上"③表示"翻转"]
【记】over过分，dose剂量
【参】overdue（adj 迟到的；过期的）；overemphasize（v 过分强调）；overestimate（v 评价过高）
US ['oʊ.vɚ.doʊs] noun countable (informal OD)
■too much of a drug taken or given at one time, either intentionally or by accident （一次用药的）过量，超剂量
• When he was 17 he took an overdose of sleeping pills and nearly died. 他17岁时吃了过量安眠药，险些丧命。
• Jimi Hendrix died of a drug(s) overdose. 杰米‧亨德里克斯死于吸毒过量。
■humorous
■too much of something 过量，太多
• I was suffering from an overdose of culture. 太多的文化资讯令我应接不暇。
UK ['əʊ.və.dəʊs] US ['oʊ.vɚ.doʊs] verb intransitive (informal OD)
■to take too much of a drug 过量服药
• She overdosed on aspirin and died. 她服用了过量的阿斯匹灵致死。
■humorous
■to have too much of something 吃得太多
• I think I've just overdosed on cheesecake! 我想我是吃得太多起司蛋糕了！

Word: medium-sized
Front: medium-sized
[ˈmi:diəmˈsaizd] (-1)
Back: adj. 中型的; 中等大小的; 普通型的
分布：中型的(100%)
ADJ
中号的;中型的;中等大小的
Medium-sized means neither large nor small, but approximately half way between the two.
例：...a medium-sized saucepan.中号炖锅
例：...medium-sized accountancy firms.中等规模的会计事务所
adj. 中型的，中等大小的；普通型的
 - midsize, middle-sized

Word: observational
Front: observational
[ˌɔbzəˈveiʃənəl] (13153/16713)
Back: adj. 观察的，观测的
分布：根据观察的(67%)，监视的(33%)
ADJ
(尤指为获取新信息)观察的，观测的
Observational means relating to the watching of people or things, especially in order to learn something new.
例：...observational humour...依靠观察发掘的幽默
例：The observational work is carried out on a range of telescopes.观测工作借助于各种望远镜。
adj. 观测的；根据观察的
 - scanning

Word: covering
Front: covering
[ˈkʌvərɪŋ] (13168/9655 -K2)
Back: n. 掩蔽物，遮盖物
v. 覆盖( cover的现在分词)
分布：覆盖物(74%)，掩护的(16%)，掩盖的(10%)
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a layer of something that covers something else （一层）覆盖层，覆盖物
• a light covering of snow 薄薄一层积雪
n. 遮盖物，覆盖物
 - housing, shelter
v. 覆盖；穿（cover的ing形式）；代替
 - clothing, mulching

Word: renegade
Front: renegade
[ˈrenɪgeɪd] (宝 13169/22372 -1)
Vocabulary: renegade
(once / 2049 pages)
nadjv
A renegade is a person who has deserted their cause or defied convention; they're rebels and sometimes outlaws, or even traitors.
A long, long time ago, a renegade was a Christian person who decided to become Muslim. That definition is pretty outdated, as these days a renegade is anyone who breaks laws or expectations to do their own thing or join the other side. It might sound kind of cool to be a renegade, like some rogue action hero. But in general, renegade actions are frowned, not smiled, upon.
WORD FAMILY
renegade: renegaded, renegades, renegading
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Renegade, the war horse. The spear. … This is as close as I’ve ever been to that.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Even after that setback, 2016 marked a dramatic turnaround for the son of the NFL’s original renegade owner, Al Davis.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
China considers the island, governed by Nationalists who fled the Communist takeover in 1949, a renegade province.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 叛徒; 变节者; 改变信仰者
adj. 背叛的; 变节的
vi. 背叛
分布：叛徒(67%)，变节者(29%)，判党者(4%)
撤消;取消(re+peal呼吁→反呼吁→取消;参考:appeal呼吁)[re-①表示"向后,相反,不"②表示"一再,重新"]
背叛者(renege+ade表示人)[neg=deny,表示"否认"]
叛徒(renege背信弃义)[-ade表名词1.表示"状态,物品"2.表示"个人或集体"]
【记】re反，neg否定，ade进攻性：反过来否定你还有进攻性的人－叛徒
【参】negative（n 否定；负数）；
['ren.ɪ.geɪd] formal disapproving
noun countable
■a person who has changed their feelings of support and duty from one political, religious, national, etc. group to a new one 叛徒；变节者；背叛者；叛教者
• A band of renegades had captured the prince and were holding him to ransom. 一群叛变分子俘获了王子，将其扣押索要赎金。
n. 叛徒；变节者；脱党者
 - rat, traitor
vi. 背叛；脱离
 - tergiversate, turn one's coat
adj. 叛徒的；背弃的；脱离的
 - diastatic

Word: assisted
Front: assisted
[əˈsistid] (13132/16664)
Back: adj. [计]辅助的
v. 帮助，促进( assist的过去式和过去分词 ); 为…的助手; 为…当帮手; 辅助
分布：协助(61%)，帮助(35%)，出席(2%)，助攻(1%)，协助的器械(1%)
VERB
帮助，协助(完成工作)
If you assist someone, you help them to do a job or task by doing part of the work for them.
例：Julia was assisting him to prepare his speech...朱莉娅正在帮他准备讲演稿。
例：The family decided to assist me with my chores...全家人决定帮助我做家务。
VERB
（提供信息、意见或金钱）帮助，援助
If you assist someone, you give them information, advice, or money.
例：The public is urgently requested to assist police in tracing this man...紧急要求公众帮助警方追踪此人。
例：Foreign Office officials assisted with transport and finance problems...外交部官员帮助解决运输和经费问题。
VERB
有助于;促进
If something assists in doing a task, it makes the task easier to do.
例：...a chemical that assists in the manufacture of proteins...有助于生成蛋白质的一种化学物质
例：Here are some good sources of information to assist you in making the best selection...这里是一些有价值的信息来源，可以帮助你作出最佳选择。
adj. 辅助的
 - helping, subsidiary, auxiliary, aided

Word: gathered
Front: gathered
['gaðəd] (13172/14031)
Back: v. （使）聚集（ gather的过去式和过去分词 ）; 集合; 推断; 了解
分布：聚集的(56%)，集合的(22%)，动词gather的过去式和过去分词形式.(22%)
V-ERG
（使）聚集；（使）集合
If people gather somewhere or if someone gathers people somewhere, they come together in a group.
例：In the evenings, we gathered around the fireplace and talked...晚上，我们聚在火炉边聊天。
例：The man signalled for me to gather the children together.那人示意让我将孩子们召集起来。
VERB
收集；收拢；归拢
If you gather things, you collect them together so that you can use them.
例：I suggest we gather enough firewood to last the night...我建议大家捡足够多的木柴来撑过这一晚。
例：She stood up and started gathering her things together.她起身开始收拾自己的物品。
VERB
（尤指经过一段时间的辛苦工作）收集，搜集（情报、证据等）
If you gather information or evidence, you collect it, especially over a period of time and after a lot of hard work.
例：...a private detective using a hidden tape recorder to gather information...用暗藏的录音机搜集证据的私家侦探
例：This would help the prosecutor gather evidence against him which could be used in court.这将有利于控方律师搜集对他不利的证据以在法庭上指控他。
VERB
逐渐增加（速度、动力、力量等）
If something gathers speed, momentum, or force, it gradually becomes faster or more powerful.
例：Demands for his dismissal have gathered momentum in recent weeks...最近几周，要求将他解职的呼声越来越高。
例：The raft gathered speed as the current dragged it toward the falls.水流将木筏拽向瀑布，木筏的速度越来越快。
VERB
集中（精力、思想等）；鼓起（勇气）；振作（精神）
When you gather something such as your strength, courage, or thoughts, you make an effort to prepare yourself to do something.
例：You must gather your strength for the journey.你必须为这次行程打起精神来。
VERB
（用于引出已发现的信息，尤其是间接获得的信息）据我所知，据我了解
You use gather in expressions such as 'I gather' and 'as far as I can gather' to introduce information that you have found out, especially when you have found it out in an indirect way.
例：I gather his report is highly critical of the trial judge...据我所知，他在报道中毫不留情地批评了初审法官。
例：'He speaks English,' she said to Graham. 'I gathered that.'...“他会说英语，”她对格雷厄姆说，“我料到了。”
VERB
给…打褶
If you gather fabric or cloth, you make a row of very small folds in it by sewing a thread through it and then pulling the thread tight.
例：Gather the skirt at the waist.在裙子的腰部打褶。
v. 聚集（gather的过去分词）；集中
 - concentrated, centralized

Word: standout
Front: standout
[ˈstændaʊt] (13111/-)
Back: n. 杰出的人
adj. 出色的，杰出的
分布：突出的(72%)，杰出的人(28%)
['stænd.aʊt] US
noun countable
■an excellent or the best example of something 突出的事物，出众的事物
• While all the desserts are pretty good, the clear standout is the lemon pie. 所有的甜点都很不错，不过柠檬派显然最受欢迎。
adj. 杰出的；出色的
 - outstanding, excellent, prominent, brilliant, cool

Word: out
Front: out
[aʊt] (中高 64/62 -K5)
Back: adv. 出局; 在外，在外部; 完全，彻底; 出版
prep. （表示来源）从; （从…里）出来; （表示不在原状态）脱离; 离去
vt. 使熄灭; 揭露; 驱逐
adj. 外面的; 出局的; 下台的; 外围的
n. 不流行; 出局
时态：outed, outing, outs
分布：出(66%)，出来(13%)，在外(5%)，完(3%)，伸出(3%)，暴露(2%)，驱逐(2%)，熄灭(2%)，向外(2%)，在外面(1%)，公开…的同性恋身份(1%)
→来自古英语ut,向外，来自ud,向上，向外，离开，词源同utter.
ad.出去;离家;突出来a.外面的,往外去的He jumped out of the window.他跳窗出去了.
adverb preposition
AWAY FROM INSIDE 向外移动
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show movement away from the inside of a place or container 出；向外
• She opened the window and stuck her head out. 她打开窗户，将头探了出去。
• The bag burst and the apples fell out. 袋子裂开了，苹果掉了出来。
• I jumped out of bed and ran downstairs. 我跳下床，冲下楼去。
• He leaned out the window. 他将身子探出窗外。
• He opened the drawer and took out a pair of socks. 他打开抽屉，取出一双袜子。
• Get out! 出去！
• Out you go (= Go out) ! 滚出去！
• My secretary will see you out (= go with you to the door). 我的秘书会送你出去。
• Turn the trousers inside out (= put the inside on the outside). 把裤子翻过来。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
OUTSIDE 在外面
 ESSENTIAL
■outside a building or room 在外面，在室外
• Would you like to wait out here, and the doctor will come and fetch you in a minute? 你在这外面等好吗？医生很快会来请你进去。
• Danger! Keep out (= Do not enter) ! 危险！不要进来！
• It's bitterly cold out, today. 今天外面真冷。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
ABSENT 不在的
 ESSENTIAL
■absent for a short time from the place where you live or work 暂时外出的，暂时不在的
• I came round to see you this morning, but you were out. 今天上午我来拜访你，可是你不在。
• Someone phoned for you while you were out. 你出去的时候有人打电话找你。
 IMPROVER
■used to refer to a period of time when someone goes away from home for a social activity 出去，外出（参加社交活动）
• I can't go out tonight - I've got work to do. 今晚我不能出去了——我有事要做。
• Do you want to eat out (= eat in a restaurant) tonight? 今晚你想到外面吃饭吗？
• He's asked me out (= asked me to go with him) to the cinema next week. 他请我下周和他去看电影。
 ESSENTIAL
■when someone is away from the main office in order to do a particular job 执行外勤工作的
• The thieves were spotted by a postman out on his rounds (= as he was delivering the post). 一个正在投递邮件的邮差发现了小偷。
• The police were out in force (= There were a lot of police) at the football match. 这场足球比赛中，警方出动了大批警力。
■In a library, if a book is out, it has been borrowed by someone （图书馆的书）借出的，被借走的
• Both copies of 'Wuthering Heights' were out. 两本《咆哮山庄》都被借走了。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
DISAPPEAR 消失
 ESSENTIAL
■to the point where something is removed or disappears 去掉；清除；消失
• The stain won't come out. 这个污渍去不掉。
• Cross out any words that are not on the list. 将表上没有的词全部划掉。
• Never use water to put out fires in electrical equipment. 电器失火时，千万不要用水灭火。
• Our time/money/patience ran out. 我们的时间／钱／耐心耗完了。
out of
 IMPROVER
■when no more of something is available 耗尽；用完；没有
• We're nearly out of petrol. 我们快没汽油了。
• I'm running out of patience/time/money. 我快没有耐心／时间／钱了。
⇒ See also out of
[aʊt] adverb preposition
DEFEATED 被打败的
 IMPROVER
■(in sport) no longer able to play because your turn has finished （体育比赛中）出局（的），被淘汰（的）
• Two of the best players on the team were out after ten minutes. 十分钟后，该队最出色的球员中，有两名出局了。
• New Zealand were all out for 246 (= The team finished with a score of 246). 纽西兰队以246分被淘汰。
■(in politics) no longer able to govern because you have lost an election （政治上）不执政（的），在野（的），下台（的）
• The Social Democrats were voted out after 15 years in power. 社会民主党执政15年后被选下了台。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
GIVE 给
 IMPROVER
■to many people 给（许多人），分发
• The teacher gave out photocopies to all the children. 老师把复印的材料分发给所有孩子。
• Greenpeace sent a letter out to all its supporters. 绿色和平组织给所有支持者都发了一封信。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
MOVE AWAY 移开
 IMPROVER
■spreading out from a central point over a wider area 分散开
• The police search party spread out across the fields. 警方的搜索队在田野里四处散开。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
AVAILABLE 可得到的
 ADVANCED
■When a book, magazine, film or musical recording is out, it is available to the public （书、杂志、电影、音乐带等）出版（的），问世（的）
• Is the new Harry Potter book out yet? 《哈利‧波特》的新续集出版了吗？
• The new Spielberg movie comes out in August. 史匹柏新拍的电影八月份上映。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
APPEAR 出现
 ADVANCED
■able to be seen 能看见的（地）；出现的（地）
• The stars are out tonight. 今晚看得见星星。
• The rain stopped and the sun came out (= appeared). 雨停了，太阳出来了。
• In spring all the flowers came out (= their petals opened). 春天里百花盛开。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
VERY 非常
 ADVANCED
■used to make the meaning of a word stronger （用于增强词义）完全地，彻底地
• We walked all day and were tired out. mainly USall played out (= very tired) by the time we got home. 我们走了一整天，回到家时累得筋疲力尽。
• It's up to you to sort this out (= solve it completely). 要靠你来彻底解决它了。
• Your room needs a good clean out. 你的房间需要好好打扫一番。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
LOUD 大声地
 ADVANCED
■used with verbs describing sounds to emphasize the loudness of the sound 大声地
• He cried out in pain as he hit his head. 他撞到了头，痛得大叫。
• Charlie Chaplin films always make me laugh out loud. 查理‧卓别林的电影总能令我笑破肚皮。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
FAR AWAY 遥远地
 ADVANCED
■a long distance away from land, a town or your own country 离（大陆、城市或祖国）很远，遥远地
• The fishing boats were out at sea for three days. 渔船出海3天了。
• They live out in the countryside, miles from anywhere. 他们住在偏远的乡下，离甚么地方都很远。
• He lived out in Zambia for seven years. 他在尚比亚侨居了7年。
• mainly US The weather's better out west (= a long distance away in the west of the country). 西部边远地区的天气比较好。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
LIGHT/FIRE 灯／火
 ADVANCED
■If a light or fire is out, it is no longer shining or burning （灯或火）熄灭
• When we got home, all the lights were out. 等我们到家的时候，所有的灯都灭了。
• Is that fire completely out? 那火全都扑灭了吗？
[aʊt] adverb preposition
COAST 海岸
 ADVANCED
■away from the coast or beach 离岸而去（的）
• Is the tide coming in or going out? 潮水是在涨还是在退？
• You can only see the beach when the tide is out. 只有在退潮后才能看到海滩。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
MADE PUBLIC 被公开 informal
■(of information) no longer kept secret （资讯）公开的（地），泄露的（地）
• You can't hide your gambling any longer - the secret's out. 你无法再隐瞒自己赌博的事了——这个秘密已经泄露出去。
■informal
■(of a homosexual) not keeping their sexual preferences a secret （同性恋者）公开性取向（的）
• She's been out for three years. 她公开称自己是同性恋者已经有三年了。
• Don't let his sister know he's gay, because he hasn't come out to his family yet. 不要让他姐姐知道他是个同性恋者，因为他还没有跟家人说起这事。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
SPORT 运动
■(of a ball in a sport such as tennis) landing outside one of the lines which mark the area where the game is played （网球等运动中球）出界的
• He thought the ball had bounced on the line, but the umpire said it was out. 他认为球落在线上，但裁判说球出界了。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
UNCONSCIOUS 不省人事的
■unconscious or sleeping 不省人事地（的），昏迷地（的）；熟睡地（的）
• He passes out (= loses consciousness) at the sight of blood. 他一看到血就会昏过去。
• I was hit on the head, and I must have been out cold (= completely unconscious) for about ten minutes. 我的头被击中，肯定昏迷了有十分钟左右。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
NOT ACCURATE 不准确的 informal
■not accurate 不准确的；错误的；有出入的
• Our estimates were only out by a few dollars. 我们的估算只有几美元的偏差。
• You were 25cm out in your measurements. 你的测量差了25厘米。
• Those sales figures were way out (= completely wrong). 那些销售数据完全不准确。
• US I'm out $25 on this trip (= It cost me $25 more than expected). 我这次旅行的花费超出预算25美元。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
EXISTING 现有的 informal
■(used with superlatives) available or in existence （用于最高级后）可用地，现有地
• This is the best automatic camera out. 这是现有的最好的自动照相机。
• I think he's the greatest footballer out. 我认为他是目前最伟大的足球员。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
FINISHED 结束的
■used to show that a period of time is finished （时间）结束的，完结的
• I think I can finish this project before the month's out. 我觉得我在这个月结束之前能完成这个项目。
[aʊt] adverb preposition out 1 NOT ACCEPTABLE 不可接受的
informal
■not acceptable or not possible 不可接受的；不可能的
• Smoking is definitely out among my friends. 在我的朋友中，吸烟是绝对不允许的。
• The option of taking on more staff is out at present. 雇用更多职员这选择目前并不可行。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
NOT FASHIONABLE 不流行的 informal
■no longer fashionable or popular 不再流行的（地）；不再时髦的（地）；过时的（地）
• Every month the magazine lists what's out and what's in (= fashionable). 每个月这份杂志都会列出甚么过时及甚么流行。
• Trousers like that went out (= stopped being fashionable) in the 70s. 像那样的裤子在70年代就过时了。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
INTEND 打算
out for/to informal
■doing something, or intending to do or get something, for an often selfish or unpleasant reason （常出于自私或令人不快的动机）做；意图做（或得到）；蓄意
• She doesn't usually help the charity - she's only out for the publicity. 她一般不资助慈善事业——她只是为了令自己扬名。
• [+ to infinitive] He's always been out to cause trouble between us. 他总是存心在我俩之间制造麻烦。
⇒ See also out of
[aʊt] adverb preposition
out and about
■active; doing the things you usually do 活跃的；正常行动的
• The doctor says she's making a good recovery and she should be out and about in a few days' time. 医生说她复原得很好，几天后应该就可以正常行动了。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
out and away old-fashioned
■used with superlatives to mean by a great amount 无可比拟的（用于形容最高级）
• She is out and away the best student I have ever taught. 她无疑是我教过的学生当中最出色的。
[aʊt] adverb preposition
Out with it! informal
■said to someone when you want them to tell you something which they do not want you to know 说出来吧！
• What did he say, then? Come on, out with it! 那他是怎么说的？快点，说吧！
[aʊt] verb transitive often passive
■If a famous person is outed, their homosexuality (= being sexually attracted to people of their own sex) is made public when they want to keep it secret 公开（名人）的同性恋身份
• Hardly a week went by without someone famous being outed. 几乎每周都有一个名人被揭露出是同性恋者。
[aʊt] noun
countable usually singular
■informalan excuse or reason for avoiding an unpleasant situation 借口；理由
• We must arrange the negotiations so we have an out if we need it. 我们必须安排好谈判，这样一旦需要我们就能有个借口。
on the outs US informal
■People who are on the outs have argued and are not now friendly with each other 吵架了；不友好，闹矛盾
• Lizzie and Tyler are on the outs again. 莉齐和泰勒又吵架了。
adv. 出现；在外；出局；出声地；不流行地
 - aloud, outward
adj. 外面的；出局的；下台的
 - outer, outside, external
n. 出局
 - putout
prep. 向；离去
 - towards, unto, at, on, to
vi. 出来；暴露
 - emerge, come forth
vt. 使熄灭；驱逐
 - expel, dispel

Word: sometime
Front: sometime
[ˈsʌmtaɪm] (研四六 4914/7642 -2)
Back: adv. 将来某个时候; 过去某个时候; 改天; 来日
adj. （指某人曾经是…）从前的，一度的; 某一时间的
分布：改天(34%)，来日(25%)，以前的(25%)，某时(16%)
→some,有些，time,时间。
ad.将来(或过去)某个时候a.以前的Somewhere somebody sometimes does something good.在某处某人有时做某些好事.
adverb
■at a time in the future or the past which is not known or not stated （将来或过去的）某个时候
• sometime before June 六月份之前的某个时候
• We really should meet sometime soon to discuss the details. 我们的确应当尽快抽个时间讨论一下细节。
• sometime in the autumn 秋天的某个时候
['sʌm.taɪm] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  sometime or sometimes? Warning: choose the correct adverb! To talk about something that happens on some occasions but not always or often, don't say 'sometime', say sometimes :
✗ Being visited by relatives can sometime be exhausting. Being visited by relatives can sometimes be exhausting.
['sʌm.taɪm] adjective [before noun] formal
■(especially of a job or position) in the past but not any longer （尤指工作或职位）以前的，曾经的
• The enquiry will be headed by Lord Jones, sometime editor of the 'Daily News'. 《每日新闻》的前主编琼斯勋爵将主持这项调查。
some times, some time, sometimes, sometime
some times: 有几次。如：I have been to the Great Wall for some times.(我去 长城有好几次了。)
some time: 一段时间。如：I have been a teacher for some time.(我当老师已有些年头了。)
sometimes: 有时。如：I sometimes play tennis.(我有时打 网球。)
sometime: 某个时候，指过去或将来的不确定时间。如：I will buy a car sometime in the future.(将来我会买车的。)
adj. 以前的；某一时间的
 - previous, ago

Word: skirmish
Front: skirmish
[ˈskɜ:mɪʃ] (宝 13180/14040 -1)
Vocabulary: skirmish
(once / 714 pages)
nv
A skirmish is a small fight — more a dust-up than a full-out battle — and it can refer to a physical fight or just a battle of words. It is definitely confrontational, though.
Think of a skirmish as kind of a mini-battle, although a military skirmish can end with casualties. Still, although such an encounter can be serious, even the very word skirmish sounds slight, like a stirring of dust in the breeze. Shakespeare referred to the combative nature of his characters Beatrice and Benedick, in "Much Ado About Nothing," as "a kind of merry war betwixt Signior Benedick and her: they never meet but there's a skirmish of wit between them."
WORD FAMILY
skirmish: skirmished, skirmisher, skirmishes, skirmishing+/skirmisher: skirmishers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During one skirmish, Siatta said, he hit a Taliban fighter carrying a machine gun as he hustled across a bridge.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Police in a Denver suburb evacuated a mall due to multiple skirmishes.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Police in Aurora, Colorado, near Denver, evacuated a mall due to multiple skirmishes.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 小规模战斗; 小争论; 小冲突; [体]〈美〉比赛
v. 参与小争斗; 进行小争论; 搜索; 侦察
vi. 进行小规模战斗; 发生小争论
时态：skirmished, skirmishing, skirmishes
分布：小冲突(63%)，前哨战(21%)，参与小争斗(8%)，小争斗(8%)
→拼 写 俗 化 自 古 法 语 escarmouche, 小 规 模 战 斗 ， 来 自 意 大 利 语 scaramuccia, 来 自 Proto-Germanic*skerm,砍，劈，来自 sker,砍，劈，词源同 scar,shear.-ccia,小词后缀，含 讽刺义，词源同 capoccia,小头领。
【记】skir＝skirt，mish读：迷失－裙子丢了会引起夫妻之间的小口角。
US ['skɝ:-] noun countable
■a fight between a small number of soldiers which is usually short and not planned, and which happens away from the main area of fighting in a war 小冲突，小规模战斗
■a short argument 小争执，小争论
• There was a short skirmish between the political party leaders when the government announced it was to raise taxes. 政府宣布要增税时，政党领袖之间发生了短暂的争执。

Word: dredge
Front: dredge
[dredʒ] (13178/12638 -1)
Vocabulary: dredge
(once / 2520 pages)
1nv 2v
When a harbor becomes filled with silt, you dredge it to make it navigable again. You scoop out the mud with a big shovel, which is also called a dredge, and make a channel deep enough for ships.
Dredges have been at work in the Hudson River for years getting rid of industrial toxins, dredging up the contaminated sediment and loading it into barges to be carried away. If you've dropped your gold watch or your car rolled into a pond by mistake, there are dredges that can be dragged across the bottom to recover things that have fallen in. You can dredge up memories, too, which usually entails reminding people of unpleasant ones they’d rather forget.
WORD FAMILY
dredge: dredged, dredger, dredges, dredging+/dredger: dredgers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city is still counting the cost of dredging the reservoir, which ran into many millions of dollars.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
While the oil is heating, dredge each wing in cornstarch, tossing to coat the wing completely.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The work would include construction of five bridges across the east-west canal, dredging and compensating for the environment impact of the project.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 清淤，疏浚（河道等）; 挖掘（泥土等），使显露; 捞取; （用面粉、糖等）撒
vi. 疏浚; 挖掘; 采捞
n. 挖泥机，疏浚机; （采牡蛎，捕鱼等用的）拖网，捞网; 悬浮矿石
时态：dredged, dredging, dredges
分布：挖泥机(37%)，翻出(21%)，用挖泥机疏浚(14%)，努力回忆(14%)，把粉撒在(14%)
→来自drag, 拉，拼写受-dge影响，见bridge, judge, knowledge. 引申义拉沙，疏通，疏浚。
【记】源于：drag（v 拖拉拽）读：拽纸－从sink（水槽）里往外拽纸－疏通；拽出来的东西是dregs（n 糟粕；渣滓；沉淀废物）
【区】drudge（v /n 苦工）dredge是一种drudge－读：抓纸，捡破烂的－苦工
【参】dredger（n 挖泥机；疏通机）
verb transitive
REMOVE 移走
■to remove unwanted things from the bottom of a river, lake, etc. using a sucking or other device 为…清淤，疏浚
• They have to dredge the canal regularly to keep it open. 为了保持运河的畅通他们必须定期进行清淤作业。
■to search an area of water by dredging （透过清淤）搜索，打捞
• The police are dredging the lake for his body. 警方在湖中打捞他的尸体。
• They dredged up (= brought to the surface) the man's clothes but not his body. 他们捞出了那个人的衣服，却没有找到他的尸体。
[dredʒ] verb transitive
FOOD 食物
■to drop flour, sugar, etc. over food 在…上撒（面粉，蔗糖等）
• Lightly dredge the cake with icing sugar. 在蛋糕上薄薄地撒一层糖霜。
[dredʒ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] dredge sth up
■to talk about something bad or unpleasant that happened in the past 翻（旧帐），揭（伤疤），重提（不快往事）
• The article dredged up details of her unhappy childhood. 文章翻出了她不幸的童年琐事。
vt. （用挖泥船等） [水运] 疏浚；（用拖捞网等）捞取；（在食物上）撒（面粉等）
 - dust, desludge
vi. [水运] 疏浚， [船] 挖掘；采捞
 - to dig, tap into

Word: caterpillar
Front: caterpillar
[ˈkætəpɪlə(r)] (托宝 13163/10524 -1)
Vocabulary: caterpillar
(once / 3026 pages)
n
A caterpillar is a fuzzy, worm-like insect that transforms into a butterfly or a moth. Many caterpillars are striped and colorful.
A caterpillar is officially the larva, or immature form, of a flying insect — generally, a butterfly. Because caterpillars are growing rapidly, they tend to eat constantly, and for this reason they're considered pests by gardeners and farmers. The word caterpillar comes from the Old North French caterpilose, literally "shaggy cat," from the Late Latin catta, "cat," and pilosus, "hairy" or "shaggy."
WORD FAMILY
caterpillar: caterpillars
USAGE EXAMPLES
He saw this caterpillar on a flower and encouraged it on to a piece of rolled dry straw.
BBC(Nov 28, 2016)
Kids as young as 3 can “write” code by snapping together a $50 toy caterpillar.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Monarchs lay their eggs exclusively on milkweed, which provides nectar for adult butterflies and imbues feeding caterpillars with a toxin that protects them from birds.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 毛虫; 履带; 履带拖拉机
分布：毛虫(97%)，主要经营工业农业设备)(1%)，卡特彼勒(财富500强公司之一(1%)，总部所在地美国(1%)
→cat, 猫。-pil, 毛，词源同peel, depilatory(脱毛)。因其毛如猫毛而得名。
【记】cater（v 迎合），pillar（n 柱子）：毛毛虫喜欢帕柱子，所以要迎合柱子。
US ['kætˌ.ɚ.pɪl.ɚ] noun countable
■a small, long animal with many legs, which feeds on the leaves of plants, and develops into a butterfly or moth 毛虫，蠋（蝴蝶或飞蛾的幼虫）
n. [无脊椎] 毛虫； [车辆] 履带车
 - palmerworm, eruca

Word: doc
Front: doc
[dɒk] (11575/10286)
Back: n. <口>医生
abbr. <口>医生; 同 doctor; (j计算机) 文档; 同 document
分布：名词(100%)
US [dɑ:k] informal
noun countable
■a doctor 医生，大夫
• [as form of address] You see, doc, I haven't been sleeping at all well recently. 你瞧，医生，我最近一直睡不好觉。

Word: instil
Front: instil
[ɪnˈstɪl] (13187/11368 -1)
Back: vt. 逐步灌输; 使渗透; 滴注
时态：instilled, instilling, instils
分布：逐渐灌输(67%)，逐步渗透(22%)，=instill.(11%)
(-ll-) UK (ALSO US instill) [ɪn'stɪl/
verb transitive
■to put a feeling, idea or principle gradually into someone's mind, so that it has a strong influence on the way they think or behave 逐渐灌输
• It is part of a teacher's job to instil confidence in/into his or her students. 教师的部分职责是逐渐培养学生的信心。
vt. 逐渐灌输；使渗透；滴注
 - imbue

Word: personalized
Front: personalized
[ˈpəːs(ə)n(ə)lʌɪzd] (13175/32835)
Back: v. 在（某物上）作物主标志（尤指表示物主的地址或姓名的首字母）（ personalize的过去式和过去分词 ）; 使（某事物）针对个人、带有个人感情或个性化
分布：标出名字的(50%)，动词personalize的过去式和过去分词形式.(50%)
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
■describes an object that has someone's name on it, or that has been made for a particular person 标明某人姓名的；为某人特制的
• His car has a personalized number plate - TJ 1. 他的车上挂了一块标有他的姓名首字母的车牌——TJ 1。

Word: semblance
Front: semblance
[ˈsembləns] (托雅宝 13183/13871 -1)
Vocabulary: semblance
(once / 1083 pages)
n
Semblance is all about illusion. Cramming all of your dirty clothes into the closet gives the semblance, or false appearance, that you've done your laundry — but the stench might give you away.
Semblance comes from the 14th-century French word for "resemble," and it is a noun for things that look one way on the outside but are very different on the inside. A popular combination is to say that a person or place has the "semblance of order," when, underneath, everything is out of control.
WORD FAMILY
semblance: semblances
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is the semblance of a state, and not a real state.”
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
So don’t expect any semblance of understatement from Ms. Carey for her annual run of holiday shows at the Beacon.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
But as the government advanced this past week, all semblance of order was shattered.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 外表，外观; 类似; 假装; 副本，拷贝
分布：类似(29%)，外表(28%)，外观(17%)，假象(14%)，假装(12%)
→来自古法语 sembler,看起来，来自（异化自）拉丁语 simulare,模仿，词源同 same,similar.引 申诸相关词义。
类似;外观相像(sembl+ance→相同之处)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
【记】源于：resemble（v 象；类似）
【参】dissemble（v 掩饰；假装不知）
['sem.blənts] slightly formal
noun uncountable
■a situation or condition which is similar to what is wanted or expected, but is not exactly as hoped for 近似；相似；假像
• The city has now returned to some semblance of normality after last night's celebrations. 昨晚的庆典过后，这座城市似乎恢复了平日的样子。
• He was executed without even the semblance of a fair trial. 甚至连点像样的公正审判都没有，他就被处死了。
n. 外貌；假装；类似
 - aspect, simulation, acting, similarity, colour

Word: blunder
Front: blunder
[ˈblʌndə(r)] (研六托雅宝 13190/12081 -1)
Vocabulary: blunder
(once / 492 pages)
nv
A blunder is an embarrassing mistake. Accidentally called your new boyfriend by your old boyfriend's name? Ouch. That's a blunder you don't want to repeat.
Has an embarrassing mistake ever made you feel like you’re stumbling around with your eyes closed? If so, it won’t surprise you to learn that blunder comes from the Old Norse word blundra, meaning to “shut one's eyes.” It wasn’t until the eighteenth century that blunder came to refer to a stupid or embarrassing mistake, or as a verb, to describe making such a mistake, as in “I tend to blunder when I'm nervous.”
WORD FAMILY
blunder: blundered, blunderer, blundering, blunders+/blunderer: blunderers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a series of communication blunders between fragmented intelligence, police and prison authorities allowed the suspects to slip under the radar and conceal their plot.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Those blunders essentially cost the Jaguars at least six points in a close game.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
He, not the CIA, is repeating the blunders of Iraq.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. （因无知、粗心等造成）的错误; 大错，失策，疏忽
vi. 犯错误; 踉踉跄跄地走; 无意中说出，漏嘴说出; 弄糟，弄错，做错，办错
时态：blundered, blundering, blunders
分布：大错(76%)，失策(14%)，弄糟(7%)，绊倒(3%)
→词源同blind, 眼盲的。
v.(因无知等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走n.大错The blunder made the underground instrument undergo an undermining of the thunderbolt.这个失策让地下仪器经受了一次雷电的破坏.
【记】bl＝blow打，under下面－被打入18层地狱－犯了大错plunder（v 抢劫）是blunder
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a big mistake, usually caused by not taking care or thinking （通常由于粗心或欠考虑而酿成的）大错
• He said that the tax was a major political blunder. 他称这项税收政策是一大政治错误。
• I made a bit of a blunder by getting his name wrong. 我一疏忽，叫错了他的名字。
UK ['blʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move in an awkward way 跌跌撞撞地走，踉踉跄跄地走
• I could hear him blundering around in the darkness. 我能听见他在黑暗中踉踉跄跄地四处乱撞。
UK ['blʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] verb
MISTAKE 错误
intransitive
■to make a big mistake, usually because of not taking care or thinking 酿成大错，犯大错
• Police blundered by not releasing more details about the case to focus public interest. 警方因没有提供更多的详细案情以引起公众关注而酿成了大错。
mistake, flaw, shortcoming, error, defect, slip, fault, blunder
这组词都有“错误”的意思，其区别是：
mistake: 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。
flaw: 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。
shortcoming: 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。
error: 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。
defect: 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本质上的缺点。
slip: 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。
fault: 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。
blunder: 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。
vt. 做错
 - misdo
n. 大错
 - boner, ricket

Word: thirty-two
Front: thirty-two
None None
Back: [网络] 三十二；第三十二；指向这场比赛
分布：三十二(100%)

Word: hoax
Front: hoax
[həʊks] (托宝 13170/15477 -1)
Vocabulary: hoax
(once / 3746 pages)
nv
If you put on big fake feet, stomp through your muddy backyard and tell everyone you saw Bigfoot fixing a steak on your grill, you are playing a hoax on your friends.
Hoax is believed to be a shortened version of hocus pocus, thus conveying the feeling of trickery and sleight of hand. April First, also known as April Fools' Day, is a day of hoaxes. Successful hoaxes in history: Orson Welles' War-of-the-Worlds radio broadcast in 1938 and the alien autopsy film footage made public in the 1990s. Do you believe the American moon landing in 1969 was a hoax? You're not alone. Six percent of Americans believe this event was staged.
WORD FAMILY
hoax: hoaxed, hoaxer, hoaxes, hoaxing+/hoaxer: hoaxers
USAGE EXAMPLES
For the sake of argument, let’s assume that climate change is a hoax.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some of the wilder theories floating around suggest the entire abduction was a hoax, perhaps to spread scare stories about the local Latino community.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Police eventually found inconsistencies in the caller’s story, determined it was a hoax and canceled the alert.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 欺骗; 戏弄
n. 骗局; 戏弄; 恶作剧
时态：hoaxed, hoaxing, hoaxes
分布：恶作剧(46%)，欺骗(25%)，愚弄(22%)，哄骗(5%)，愚弄人(2%)
→词源不确定，可能来自拉丁语jocus,笑话，词源同joke.引申词义嘲笑，骗局，欺骗。
【区】coax（v 哄骗）
US [hoʊks] noun countable
■a plan to deceive someone, such as telling the police there is a bomb somewhere when there is not one, or a trick 恶作剧，骗局
• The bomb threat turned out to be a hoax. 那次炸弹恐吓结果发现是场恶作剧。
• He'd made a hoax call claiming to be the President. 他搞了个恶作剧，打电话自称是总统。
UK [həʊks] US [hoʊks] verb transitive
■to deceive, especially by playing a trick on someone 欺骗，对…搞恶作剧
vt. 愚弄；欺骗
 - sell, fox, make a fool of
n. 骗局；恶作剧
 - confidence trick, mischief

Word: replete
Front: replete
[rɪˈpli:t] (宝 13185/19599)
Vocabulary: replete
(once / 2763 pages)
adjv
Replete means full, often in a satisfying way. "The library was replete with bound first editions, and Lucy, a bookworm, was happier there than any place else."
Replete shares a root with the word plenty. When you have plenty of cookies and cake, you can say your table is replete with goodies. Another cousin of replete is replenish. When your cabinets are bare, you go to the store to replenish them. When you unpack your groceries, your pantry is replete with essentials.
WORD FAMILY
replete: repleted, repletion +/ repletion: repletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is wonderful to see Cushing, replete with snarling lip and piercing stare, back in the franchise that relaunched his career.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Undoubtedly, the prospect of a driverless future is replete with liberating, almost utopian elements.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
The Avaza region in the west is being transformed into a “Turkmen Las Vegas”, replete with big casino resorts, according to the foreign ministry.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 饱食的; 充满的，供应充足的
n. [昆] 贮蜜蚁
分布：充满的(77%)，饱食的(23%)
→re-,再，重新，-plet,满的，词源同 fill,complete.
充满的;吃饱的(re再+plete→再满→吃饱)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
[rɪ'pli:t] formal
adjective [after verb]
■full, especially with food 充满的，装满的；（尤指）饱食的
• After two helpings of dessert, Sergio was at last replete. 吃了两份甜点，塞尔吉奥终于饱了。
■well supplied 供应充分的；完备的
• This car has an engine replete with the latest technology. 这辆车的引擎应用了最新技术。
adj. 充满的；装满的
 - filled, full, consumed

Word: forward
Front: forward
[ˈfɔ:wəd] (中高宝 815/734 -K4)
Vocabulary: forward
(once / 34 pages)
1advadj 2n 3adj 4v
Forward is the direction ahead of you, or toward the front of something. It can also be a position on a basketball, soccer, or hockey team.
Forward can be a direction of either space or time, and also implies progress. A forward-thinking person thinks about what will happen in the future. If you forward an email, you send it on to a new recipient. But if you forward a cause, that means you helped propel it to success. If you’re at a bar and someone tells you you’re being awfully forward, you’re probably coming on too strong.
WORD FAMILY
forward: forwarded, forwarding, forwardly, forwardness, forwards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any suspect who steps forward would face a misdemeanor trespassing charge —  a penalty equivalent to “a slap on the hand,” Ramirez said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He thanked the medical team and his family and friends and said he is looking forward to the inauguration ceremony on Jan. 9.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is a time to get our eyes forward and get back to work.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 前进地; 向前; 至将来; 提前地
adj. 向前方的; 迅速的; （社会、政治）进步的; 早熟的
vt. 促进，助长; （按新地址）转寄; 发送
n. 前锋
时态：forwarded, forwarding, forwards
分布：促进(32%)，转交(15%)，向前的(15%)，发送(14%)，早熟的(9%)，未来的(4%)，热心的(3%)，前部的(3%)，向前地(3%)，将来的(1%)，莽撞的(1%)
→for-, 在前，词源同fore. -ward, 向，词源同toward.
ad.(alsoforwards)向前a.向前的v.转交Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
【参】forwardness（n 大胆，鲁莽）
US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adverb (also forwards)
DIRECTION 方向
 ESSENTIAL
■towards the direction that is in front of you 向前
• She leaned forward to whisper something in my ear. 她倾身向前，对我耳语了一番。
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adverb (also forwards)
FUTURE 未来
 ESSENTIAL
■towards the future 向将来；往后
• I always look forward, not back. 我总是放眼未来，而不是回首过去。
from that day forward formal
■after that point 从那刻起
• From that day forward they never spoke to each other. 从那天起，他们彼此再没说过话。
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adverb (also forwards)
PROGRESS 进步
 ESSENTIAL
■used in expressions related to progress 有进展地；前进地
• This is a big step forward for democracy. 这是向民主迈进的一大步。
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adjective
DIRECTION 方向
■towards the direction that is in front of you 向前
• forward motion/movement 向前的运动
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adjective
FUTURE 未来
■relating to the future 未来的
• forward planning/thinking 为未来作的计划／思考
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
adjective
CONFIDENT 自信的 disapproving
■confident and honest in a way that ignores the usual social rules and might seem rude 鲁莽的，冒失的
• Do you think it was forward of me to invite her to dinner when we'd only just met? 你觉得刚见面我就邀请她吃饭是不是有些鲁莽？
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
verb transitive
■to send a letter, etc., especially from someone's old address to their new address, or to send a letter, email, etc. that you have received to someone else 转寄（信件）；转发（电子邮件）
• I'll forward any mail to your new address. 我会把信件都转寄至你的新地址。
• I'll forward his email to you if you're interested. 如果你感兴趣，我可以把他的电子邮件转发给你。
UK ['fɔ:.wəd] US ['fɔ:r.wɚd/ note_panel
noun countable
■a player who is in an attacking position in a team 前锋
transmit, send, forward, deliver, ship, dispatch
这组词都有“送出，发送，传送”的意思，其区别是：
transmit: 指将文件、消息等的内容或类似的东西发至某地或传达给他人。
send: 普通最常用词，含义广。指把人或物由一地送往另一地，而不涉及事物的内容或 送的方式。
forward: 指经过其他人或手段把东西转送给某人。
deliver: 指把信件、包裹等物寄发出去或交到某地，或直接交与某人，着重发送这一行为。
ship: 把通过水运、陆运或空运等方式运送东西。现常指商业上的运货，或将物品托运。
dispatch: 指为特殊目的而发送或派遣，强调紧急或快速。
adj. 向前的；早的；迅速的
 - earlier, rapid, fast, ahead, ready
adv. 向前地；向将来
 - on, antrorsely
vt. 促进；转寄；运送
 - facilitate, promote, boost, freight, ship
n. 前锋
 - stricker, vanguard

Word: winged
Front: winged
[wɪŋd] (13166/14932 -1)
Back: adj. 有翼的; 迅速的; 飞行的; 翼受伤的
分布：有翼的(88%)，飞快的(4%)，高远的(4%)，动词wing的过去式和过去分词形式.(4%)
adjective [before noun]
■having the stated type of wings 有…翼的
• a high-winged aeroplane 高翼飞机
■with wings 有翼的；带翅膀的
• The winged adult mosquitoes emerge from the pupae. 长了翅膀的蚊子成虫从蛹中钻了出来。
• Cupid is usually depicted as a winged boy with a bow and arrow. 丘比特常被描绘成手持弓箭长着翅膀的小男孩。
adj. 有翼的；飞行的；迅速的；翼受伤的
 - flying, rapid, fast, forward, ready

Word: junction
Front: junction
[ˈdʒʌŋkʃn] (研六托雅宝 13186/3125 -2)
Vocabulary: junction
(once / 718 pages)
n
The noun junction refers to a meeting or a joining of some kind. If you live at the junction of Main and State streets, then your house is where those two streets meet.
Junction often refers to the point where streets or railway lines come together, but it can describe other things that are joined, especially things that are in motion or transmit other things. For example, your body has nerve junctions — the places where your nerves come together. You may go swimming at the junction of two rivers. Junction can also refer to something that connects things, like a junction you use to connect electrical cords.
WORD FAMILY
junction: junctions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The slip roads east and west bound at junction 24 of the M62 remain closed.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
A stretch of the motorway between Junction 21, near Weston-super-Mare, and J18A, near Bristol, was shut after freezing temperatures were recorded overnight.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
It will use the money for a new electrical duct bank, cabling, and above-ground, high-voltage cable junction boxes to maximize energy efficiency.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 连接，接合; 会合点，接合点; （公路或铁路的）交叉路口; （电缆等的）主结点
分布：连接(80%)，交叉点(14%)，会合处(6%)
→来自拉丁语iungere,连接，词源同join,jugular,-ct,过去分词后缀。引申词义交叉路口。
接合,交汇点(junct+ion)[junct,join=join,表示"结合,连接"]
n.连接,接合,交叉点,枢纽站,接头,中继线There is a post office at the junction of the two streets.在那两条街道的交叉点有一所邮局.
['dʒʌŋk.ʃən/ (US usually intersection)
noun countable
■a place where things, especially roads or railways, come together 联结点；枢纽；（公路的）交叉口；（铁路）换车的车站：联络车站
• You should slow down as you approach the junction. 接近交叉口时你应该减速。
• UK There's a service station at the next motorway junction (= point from which you can leave the motorway). 高速公路的下一个出口处有一个服务站。
n. 连接，接合； [公路] 交叉点；接合点
 - connection, join, linking

Word: computational
Front: computational
[ˌkɒmpjuˈteɪʃənl] (13207/13334)
Vocabulary: computational
(once / 40898 pages)
adj
Computational is an adjective referring to a system of calculating or "computing," or, more commonly today, work involving computers.
Tasks with a lot of computational steps are best performed on modern digital computers. While humans still can’t be beat for their intuition and insight in determining just how to solve a particular problem, we are an error-prone species. Before the invention of computers, teams of people did not only computational work but also needed to check each other's work for mistakes.
WORD FAMILY
computational: computationally+/ computable: incomputable/ computation: computational, computations/ compute: computable, computation, computed, computer, computes, computing / computer: computerise, computerize, computers, microcomputer, supercomputer/computerise: computerised/computerize: computerization, computerized, computerizes, computerizing/microcomputer: microcomputers/supercomputer: supercomputers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But they are not the only ones aiming for greater computational heights.
Nature(Dec 21, 2016)
Game theory, for the uninitiated, is a branch of mathematics that uses computational models to predict the behavior of human beings in potentially conflictual situations.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
It’s planned to be five stories and will include laboratories, computational research space and offices.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 计算的
分布：计算的(91%)，使用计算机的(9%)
ADJ
计算机的
Computational means using computers.
例：Students may pursue research in any aspect of computational linguistics.学生可以就计算语言学的任何一个方面展开研究。
例：...the limits of the computational methods available 50 years ago.50年前各种计算机方法的局限性
adj. [数] 计算的
 - calculating

Word: thorny
Front: thorny
[ˈθɔ:ni] (托宝 13200/18411 -1)
Back: adj. 多刺的; 痛苦的; 棘手的
级别：thornier, thorniest
分布：棘手的(76%)，多刺的(15%)，痛苦的(9%)
→来自 thorn,刺，引申词义棘手的，麻烦的。
【记】thorn（n 荆棘），th死，orn装饰：用荆棘可以装饰死你。
【反】smooth（adj 平滑的）
US ['θɔ:r-] adjective
PROBLEM/SUBJECT 问题／题目
[before noun]
■describes a problem or subject that is difficult to deal with 棘手的，麻烦的
• the thorny issue of taxation 棘手的税收问题
UK ['θɔ:.ni] US ['θɔ:r-] adjective
PLANT 植物的
■having thorns 多刺的；带刺的
• a thorny rose bush 带刺的玫瑰丛
adj. 多刺的；痛苦的；令人苦恼的
 - painful, bitter, hurt

Word: memento
Front: memento
[məˈmentəʊ] (雅宝 13201/14275 -1)
Vocabulary: memento
(once / 3092 pages)
n
A memento is a keepsake of something you want to remember. You may keep photographs as a memento of a great family reunion — except for that one photo where Aunt Bonnie is wearing the lampshade and singing "Respect." No one wants to remember that!
Memento is a Latin imperative that ordered people to "Remember!" People love to keep mementos from all sorts of things, including weddings, births, concerts, trips, holidays, and even school. You should be careful not to bore people with your mementos, however. Not everyone wants to see the ribbon you wore in your hair at the homecoming game, and your 8,000 pictures of your trip to Paris (Illinois, not the one in France) might be a bit over the top.
WORD FAMILY
memento: mementoes, mementos
USAGE EXAMPLES
A prized memento from his father just before his death.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
A prized memento from his dad just before his death.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Soft toys and prayer books were among the mementoes and trinkets left at the scene.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 遗物，纪念品，用以回忆的东西
分布：纪念品(100%)
→来自拉丁语memento,记忆，来自mens,思想，思考，词源同mind,mnemonic.引申词义纪念品。其拼写me-为-men的韵律重复构词。
【记】源于：remember（v 回忆起）
【参】memorial（n 纪念物；纪念碑）
US [-toʊ] noun countable (plural mementos or mementoes)
■an object that you keep to remember a person, place or event 纪念物，纪念品，引起回忆的东西
• I keep a stone as a memento of our holiday. 我留着一块石头作为我们渡假的纪念品。
n. 纪念品，引起回忆的东西
 - keepsake, momento

Word: intrinsically
Front: intrinsically
[ɪn'trɪnzɪklɪ] (13134/11875)
Vocabulary: intrinsically
(once / 5368 pages)
adv
Use the adverb intrinsically to describe things that are a vital, important, or natural part of something. For example, great teachers are intrinsically associated with a great school.
Something that is intrinsic is an essential part of a whole, so intrinsically describes something closely connected to or inseparable from something. For example, if you believe people are intrinsically good, you think goodness is a part of being human. The Latin root is intrinsecus, which means "inwardly, on the inside."
WORD FAMILY
intrinsic: intrinsical, intrinsically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The neighborhood is intrinsically boring,” Mr. Moss said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Physicality is part of it, of course, but beauty and attractiveness are not intrinsically linked.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
In fact the play, focused as it is on nothing but talk, is so intrinsically theatrical that the material lays traps for the unwary.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 从本质上（讲）
分布：内在地(50%)，固有地(50%)
ADJ
内在的;本身的;固有的
If something has intrinsic value or intrinsic interest, it is valuable or interesting because of its basic nature or character, and not because of its connection with other things.
例：The paintings have no intrinsic value except as curiosities...这些油画除了作为古董，本身没有什么内在价值。
例：The rate is determined by intrinsic qualities such as the land's slope.速度由诸如地面坡度这样的内在因素决定。
adv. 本质地；内在地；固有地
 - constitutionally, inherently

Word: allot
Front: allot
[əˈlɒt] (托雅 13192/11461 -1)
Vocabulary: allot
(once / 685 pages)
v
When you allot something, you are giving out portions: “Becky was able to allot five snacks per employee, but in the afternoon some workers sneaked back into the break room for more.”
Be careful not to mistake allot for “a lot” (a large number), which has a similar spelling and the same pronunciation. Use the verb allot when you need to describe the act of assigning portions of something — be it snacks, time, or blame. The word is often used in the sense of an official group, such as a government or a corporation, dividing up and distributing small portions of something desirable, such as funding, shares, or land: “Zenitech Corporation was able to allot land rights to four groups in the area.”
WORD FAMILY
allot: alloted, alloting, allotment, allots, allotted, allotting, reallot+/ allotment: allotments/reallot: reallotment, reallotted/reallotment: reallotments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Senate and House, plus the three votes allotted to Washington, D.C.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
As soon as celebrities forget their allotted role, the hounds of hell are let loose upon them.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The Electoral College delegation will meet in Trenton to officially allot the state’s 14 electoral votes to Democrats Hillary Clinton and Tim Kaine.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 分配，摊派给; 分派，派给; 拨给; 指定（款项等）作某种用途
时态：allotted, allotting, allots
分布：分配(74%)，拨给(14%)，分摊(12%)
→前缀al-同ad-. 词根lot,分配，块，同单词lot.
US [-'lɑ:t] (-tt-)
verb transitive
■to give (especially a share of something available) for a particular purpose （尤指将可得到的一份东西）分配，分派
• [+ two objects] They allotted everyone a separate desk. 他们给每个人都分配了个人专用的办公桌。
• They allotted a separate desk to everyone. 他们给每一个人都单独配发了桌子。
• The ministry of culture will be allotted about $6 million less this year. 今年文化部得到的拨款将会比去年少600万美元。
• Three hours have been allotted to/for this task. 这项任务限定在三小时内完成。
• The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art. 博物馆正计划增加现代艺术展区的面积。
acknowledge, assigned, allocate, allot, admit, confess
acknowledge: 表承认某事可以承担责任
assigned: 用途明确，但“指定”意味强，常常暗示分配人的武断性
allocate: 正式用词，尤指政府部门拨出定额款项的行为
allot: 指完整或定量的东西分为若干份来分配，不强调公平性和数量上的平均
admit: 表被迫承认做过某事
confess: 承认一些不好的事情，常有“忏悔”之意
vt. 分配；拨给；分派
 - portion, part

Word: posh
Front: posh
[pɒʃ] (13193/9987 -1)
Vocabulary: posh
(once / 6396 pages)
adj
Things that are posh are swanky, fancy, and high-class. Posh things usually cost a lot of money, too.
If something is dirty, cheap, and shoddy, it will never be accused of being posh. Posh things are elegant and expensive. A posh apartment is gorgeous and classy. A posh restaurant has fancy food and you probably have to dress up to go there. Posh places are luxurious and fancy-schmancy. So it's no surprise that rich people tend to like things and places that are posh.
WORD FAMILY
posh: posher, poshest
USAGE EXAMPLES
I live in a posh neighborhood, so this may be no more than a Champagne problem.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Wincelowicz “cut his teeth” as a mall Santa before moving to the posh Brown Palace.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
They indulge a posh lifestyle that mostly disappeared from the private sector as governance standards were enhanced.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 精美的; 豪华的; 漂亮的; 时髦的
级别：posher, poshest
分布：漂亮的(49%)，时髦的(40%)，上等阶层的(11%)
→词源不详，可能来自吉普赛语posh,半个 ，一半，来自posh-kooroona,半克朗，词源同krone,在过去算是一笔大钱，后在俚语引申词义豪华的。
US [pɑ:ʃ] adjective
 ADVANCED informal
■(of places and things) expensive and of high quality 高档的，一流的
• He takes her to some really posh restaurants. 他带她去了一些真正高档的饭店。
 ADVANCED UK informal
■(of people and their voices) from a high social class （人或口音）上流社会的；谈吐高雅的
• A woman with a very posh accent telephoned for him earlier. 一位谈吐高雅的女士早些时候给他打了个电话。
too posh to push informal humorous
■used for describing a woman who chooses to have a caesarean section (= a medical operation) when having her baby （女人）选择剖腹生产的
adj. 时髦地；漂亮的；奢侈的
 - pretty, luxury, smart, tony, cute

Word: hole
Front: hole
[həʊl] (中高研四六 1213/1329 -K4)
Vocabulary: hole
(once / 92 pages)
1nv 2nv 3n 4n 5n
A hole isn't just a hollow space dug out of the ground or punched out of something. When you're talking casually with friends, you can also call a place that's small or dumpy a hole, like a rundown town or a really tiny apartment.
The word hole comes from the Old English hol meaning "cave" which in prehistoric times wasn't just a dark space to hide, it was a home. The word hole is used in many contexts from a rabbit hole where rabbits live to "a hole in one" — the golf term. And, if you're feeling sick or depressed, you can hole up in your room — hiding away from the world, watching TV for hours.
WORD FAMILY
hole: holed, holes, holey, holing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, the years after the Great Recession dug a deep hole for the companies to clear.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The secretary said officers found a hole in a prison wall through which authorities believe weapons entered the building.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
Since he arrived at Kapalua last Thursday he’s gotten in only nine holes.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 洞，孔; 洞穴，穴; 缺陷; <口>绝境
vt. & vi. （在…上）打洞或穿孔
vi. 凿洞; （高尔夫球等）进洞
时态：holed, holing, holes
分布：洞(71%)，孔(16%)，穴(5%)，漏洞(3%)，进洞(3%)，困境(1%)，挖洞(1%)
→来自kel,覆盖，隐藏，词源同cell,hall.引申词义孔，洞。
n.洞,孔Who made a whole hole in the holy holiday?谁在神圣的假日里打了一个完整的孔?
US [hoʊl] noun countable
SPACE 空间
 ESSENTIAL
■an empty space in an object, usually with an opening to the object's surface, or an opening which goes completely through an object 洞，孔
• We dug a hole and planted the tree. 我们挖了个洞栽种那棵树。
• My jumper's got a hole in it. 我的套头衫上破了个洞。
• Drill a hole through the back of the cupboard and pass the wires through. 在壁橱后面钻个洞，把电线穿过去。
■in golf, one of the small circular spaces in the ground into which the ball is hit （高尔夫球运动中的）球洞
■in golf, one of the usually 18 areas of play （高尔夫球运动中）从球座到球洞的区域
• the famous 18-hole Old Course at St. Andrews 圣安德鲁著名的18洞老高尔夫球场
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
PLACE 地方
■a place in the ground where a small animal lives （小动物的）洞穴
• a mouse/rabbit/fox hole 老鼠／兔子／狐狸洞
■informal
■a small unpleasant place where someone lives 狭小的住所
• What a hole that house was - I'm so pleased we moved. 那所房子真小——真庆幸我们搬出来了。
⇒ See also hole in the wall
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
FAULT 过错
■a mistake or problem in the reasoning of an argument, discussion, plan, etc 缺点，漏洞，破绽
• The new proposal has several holes in it. 那项新提案有几处漏洞。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
be in a hole UK informal
■to be in a difficult or an embarrassing situation 处于困境；处于窘境
• We've lost the order and we're in a bit of a hole. 我们失去了订单，因而处境有些困难。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
be in the hole US informal
■to be in debt 欠债，亏空
• After selling all its assets, the bank was still half a million dollars in the hole. 卖掉所有资产之后，那家银行仍然欠债50万美元。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
a hole in one
■in golf, when someone's ball goes into the hole the first time they hit it, which is rare （打高尔夫球时的）一杆进洞
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
make a hole in sth UK
■to reduce an amount of money by a lot 大量消耗
• The holiday made a big hole in our savings but I'm glad we went. 这次渡假花掉我们一大笔积蓄，但是我对这次旅行很满意。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
need sth like you need a hole in the head humorous
■to not need or want something at all 根本不需要
• Extra work? I need that like I need a hole in the head. 额外的工作？我才不想做呢。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] noun countable
  Common Learner Errors  hole or whole? Warning: Choose the right word! These two words sound the same, but they are spelled differently and have completely different meanings.
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] verb transitive specialized
■to make a hole in something, especially a ship or boat （尤指给船）钻洞，打洞
• A torpedo holed the ship below the water and it quickly sank. 一枚鱼雷在水下把船炸了个洞，船迅速下沉。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] verb transitive specialized
be holed up
■to be hiding in a safe place 躲起来
• The robbers were holed up in a deserted warehouse. 那些强盗藏身于一座废弃的仓库中。
UK [həʊl] US [hoʊl] verb transitive specialized
  Phrasal Verbs  hole up (somewhere) informal
■to stay in a safe place, often as a way of escape 躲藏，隐藏
• We'd better find some shelter and hole up until the storm passes. 我们最好找个藏身之处来躲过风暴。
hollow, cavity, pit, cave, hole
这组词都有“洞、穴”的意思，其区别是：
hollow: 通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。
cavity: 比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。
pit: 指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。
cave: 指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。
hole: 最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。
n. 洞，孔；洞穴，穴；突破口
 - cavity, hollow, aperture
vi. 凿洞，穿孔；（高尔夫球等）进洞
 - thirl

Word: jostle
Front: jostle
[ˈdʒɒsl] (13188/11490 -1)
Vocabulary: jostle
(once / 1639 pages)
vn
The verb jostle describes being bumped and pushed in a horde of people — or doing the bumping, like those at a concert who jostle their way to the front, and the people jostled out of their spots when the newcomers arrive.
Jostle describes both what someone does, like an impatient person who jostles other people out of his way on a crowded bus or subway car, and what happens to those victims: They may have their bags and cups of hot coffee jostled out of their hands by the impatient one's pushing and shoving. When you say the word jostle remember to shove the t out of the way because it's silent: "JOSS-ul."
WORD FAMILY
jostle: jostled, jostles, jostling+/jostling: jostlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The star player may be Adcetris, but other players jostle for attention ready to leap on the field.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
“This is terraforming on a grand scale,” he said, as our S.U.V. jostled across artificial dunes.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Meanwhile, ethanol salesmen and sugar moguls and defense contractors and green-energy tycoons all jostle for their share of federal favors.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 推挤，撞; 使激动; 与…竞争，争夺; 贴近
vi. 竞争，争夺; 推挤
n. 拥挤; 推撞
时态：jostled, jostling, jostles
分布：挤(29%)，争夺(25%)，撞(19%)，推(19%)，争抢(8%)
→来自joust,推挤，打斗，-le,表反复。引申词义竞争，争夺。拼写比较claim,clamor.
US ['dʒɑ:.sl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to knock or push roughly against someone in order to move past them or get more space when you are in a crowd of people 挤；推；撞
• As we came into the arena, we were jostled by fans pushing their way towards the stage. 我们进入场内时，被涌向舞台的歌迷左推右撞。
• Photographers jostled and shoved to get a better view of the royal couple. 一群摄影师互相推撞，以便更清楚地拍到这对王室夫妇。
UK ['dʒɒs.l] US ['dʒɑ:.sl] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  jostle for sth
■If people jostle for something, they compete with each other in order to get what they want 为…竞争，争夺
• Since the fall of the government, the two opposition parties have been jostling for position. 自从政府倒台以来，两个反对党一直在争权夺位。
vt. 推挤，撞；争夺
 - bump against, elbow
vi. 竞争，争夺；推挤
 - cope, rival

Word: stand-up
Front: stand-up
[ˈstændʌp] (-1)
Back: adj. 站立的；直立的；说单口相声的; 光明正大的，敢说敢干的，坦率正直的，不耍手段的，凭真功夫的; （衣领）直立的
分布：直立的(37%)，站立的(27%)，单口喜剧(18%)，直面镜头的电视节目(9%)，单口的(9%)
→缩写自 stand-up comedy,单口相声，独角喜剧。如在美国从事单口相声表演的中国人黄西。
adjective [before noun]
■describes comedy performed by a single person telling jokes （喜剧）单人表演的，单口的
• stand-up comedy 单人喜剧
• a stand-up comedian 单口相声演员
['stænd.ʌp] noun countable
■a person who performs stand-up comedy ; a stand-up comedian 单人滑稽演员；单口相声演员
adj. 站立的；直立的；说单口相声的
 - vertical, upright

Word: seaweed
Front: seaweed
[ˈsi:wi:d] (高托 13198/14677 -1)
Back: n. [植]海草，海藻
分布：海藻(68%)，海草(32%)
→sea,海，weed,草，杂草。
noun uncountable
■a green, brown or dark red plant that grows in the sea or on land very close to the sea 海草；海藻
n. 海藻， [植] 海草
 - varech, sea wrack

Word: blocking
Front: blocking
['blɒkɪŋ] (13204/15463)
Back: n. 舞台场面设计; 舞台调度; 舞台场面调度设计; 模块化
v. 堵塞( block的现在分词 ); 阻碍; 设计（电视录像的摄像镜头布局）; [球类]（合法）阻挡（对手）
分布：阻塞(96%)，动词block的现在分词形式.(2%)，舞台调度(2%)
N-COUNT
大楼；大厦
A block of flats or offices is a large building containing them.
例：...blocks of council flats.一栋栋市政公寓大楼
例：...a white-painted apartment block.一栋漆成白色的公寓大楼
N-COUNT
街区
A block in a town is an area of land with streets on all its sides.
例：She walked four blocks down High Street...她沿着商业大街走了4个街区。
例：He walked around the block three times.他绕着这个街区转了3圈。
N-COUNT
（长方形）块，大块
A block of a substance is a large rectangular piece of it.
例：...a block of ice.一大块冰
VERB
阻塞，堵塞（道路、管道等）
To block a road, channel, or pipe means to put an object across it or in it so that nothing can pass through it or along it.
例：Some students today blocked a highway that cuts through the center of the city...今天一些学生堵塞了一条贯穿市中心的公路。
例：When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream...一旦养虾场建起来，将会截断这条河流。
VERB
挡住，遮住（视线）
If something blocks your view, it prevents you from seeing something because it is between you and that thing.
例：...a row of spruce trees that blocked his view of the long north slope of the mountain.一排云杉挡住了他的视线，使他看不到这座山绵长的北坡
VERB
堵住，阻挡，挡住（去路）
If you block someone's way, you prevent them from going somewhere or entering a place by standing in front of them.
例：I started to move round him, but he blocked my way...我准备绕过他，但他挡住了我。
例：Mr Calder tried to leave the shop but the police officer blocked his path.考尔德先生想离开商店，但是那位警员拦住了他。
VERB
阻挠；阻止；妨碍
If you block something that is being arranged, you prevent it from being done.
例：For years the country has tried to block imports of various cheap foreign products...多年来，这个国家一直竭力阻挠各种廉价外国产品的进口。
例：His persistent attempts to complain to his superiors were blocked and ignored.他一再试图向上级投诉，但都被挡了回来并置之不理。
VERB
（体育运动中）拦截，阻截（进球、对手等）
In some sports, if a player blocks a shot or kick, they stop the ball reaching its target. If one player blocks another, the first stops the second from reaching or moving with the ball.
例：In the final seconds, Gunn goalie Kevin Cantwell blocked two shots.在最后的几秒钟，甘恩队的守门员凯文·坎特维尔扑出了两次射门。
N-COUNT
（尤指按特定顺序同时售出的）大量，大批，大套（票、股票等）
A block of something such as tickets or shares is a large quantity of them, especially when they are all sold at the same time and are in a particular sequence or order.
例：Those booking a block of seats get them at reduced rates.团体订座可享受折扣价。
N-COUNT
（短时间的）思维停滞，思维中断
If you have a mental block or a block, you are temporarily unable to do something that you can normally do which involves using, thinking about, or remembering something.
PHRASE
冒着败坏名声的风险；拿名誉（或地位）做赌注
If someone lays their head on the block, or puts their head on the block, they are risking their reputation or position by taking a particular course of action.
例：The Chancellor, by his unusual statement, has put his head on the block.这位总理冒着丢乌纱帽的风险发表了一份非同寻常的声明。
n. 阻塞；封闭；大块
 - bulk, jam-up
v. 阻塞（block的ing形式）
 - obstructing, clogging

Word: eel
Front: eel
[i:l] (13160/10634 -2)
Vocabulary: eel
(once / 1681 pages)
n
An eel is a fish that's so long and skinny it resembles a snake. Most eels live in very shallow ocean waters, burrowing into the sand there.
Eels are a type of fish, and though they are as long and flexible as snakes, they don't have scales, and if you look closely you can see they have a long, low fin. Eels are famous for being slippery, and in fact to be "as slippery as an eel" means to be so sneaky and cunning that you can get away with something illegal or illicit. This figurative meaning dates from the 16th century.
WORD FAMILY
eel: eellike, eels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prices for the wild-caught, “natural Japanese” eels served at upscale restaurants like Nodaiwa climbed even higher, by as much as fifty or sixty per cent.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
The richest sources in food include fish like herring, sardines, mackerel, eel and salmon.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Some examples on a recent night: White chocolate potato soufflé with caramelized eel.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 鳝鱼; 鳗鱼; 小线虫; 精明油滑的人
分布：鳗鱼(80%)，鳝鱼(20%)
→词源不详。
noun countable
■a long, thin, snake-like fish, some types of which are eaten 鳗；鳝
n. 鳗鱼；鳝鱼
 - unagi

Word: cull
Front: cull
[kʌl] (13212/14483 -1)
Vocabulary: cull
(once / 2447 pages)
1vn 2v
To cull means to select or gather. If you decide to make a literary anthology, you must cull the best possible stories and then arrange them in a pleasing manner.
When you use cull as a verb, the things you gather can be the good or bad ones from a group. In your garden, you can cull the good vegetables for dinner, or the rotten ones for the compost pile. In fact, often no judgment of quality is made, as when you cull information from the Internet for your next research project. The sorting through will come later. However, if you use the word as a noun, a cull is a selection of things you intend to reject, often in reference to a group of animals. An outbreak of a disease such as foot-and-mouth disease can cause authorities to order a cull of farm pigs.
WORD FAMILY
cull: culled, culling, culls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
More than 78 percent of South Korea's culled birds are egg-laying hens, according to the ministry statement.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Culled from our database of five years of 40 Eats, these are some of the Washington area's most essential desserts.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 挑选，剔除; 采，摘（花）; 精选
n. 拣出的东西; 剔除
时态：culled, culling, culls
分布：剔除(86%)，拣选(14%)
→来自collect,收集。
verb transitive
■When people cull animals, they kill them, especially the weaker members of a particular group of them, in order to reduce or limit their number （为减少或限制数量而对动物）选择性宰杀，剔除（尤指病弱动物）
• The plan to cull large numbers of baby seals has angered environmental groups. 选择性捕杀大量小海豹的计划引起了环保组织的强烈愤慨。
[kʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] cull sth from sth
■to collect ideas or information from various places 从…收集，采集，挑选（观点或资讯）
• Here are a few facts and figures I've culled from the week's papers. 这是我从这周的报纸上收集到的一些资料和资料。
vt. 精选；采集（鲜花等）；剔除
 - pick, handpick

Word: encase
Front: encase
[ɪnˈkeɪs] (托 13206/14443 -1)
Vocabulary: encase
(once / 3384 pages)
v
To encase something is to cover it or close it off, as if you were putting it in a shell, a coating, or a box. Some cheesemakers encase each wheel of cheese in wax.
When you're packing your lunch, you might encase a brownie in wax paper, or encase a sandwich in a plastic container. A hug can encase you in warmth and affection, and the dark can even seem to encase you on a moonless night in the country. Encase combines the prefix en-, "make" or "put in," and case, "container" or "receptacle," from the Latin root capsa, "box."
WORD FAMILY
encase: encased, encasement, encases, encasing+/ case: cased, caseful, cases, casing, encase, uncase/casing: casings/encasement: encasements/uncase: uncased, uncases, uncasing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Jack Russell was sedated and vets spent 45 minutes removing the "rock hard" paste encasing the dog's teeth.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
In Mather Brown’s depiction, he’s all bouffant wig and ruffles, encased, it would seem, in an elitist bubble.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A cube-shaped, see-through facade that encases the orb serves as a visual hymn to the European Union’s motto, “United in diversity,” Mr. Samyn said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 包装; 围绕; 把…装箱
时态：encased, encasing, encases
分布：包起(60%)，把...装入箱中(40%)
→en-, 进入，使。case, 箱子。
verb transitive
■to cover or surround something or someone completely 把…包住；把…围住
• The nuclear waste is encased in concrete before being sent for storage in disused mines. 核废料在送往废弃的矿井存放之前，先用混凝土密封起来。
vt. 包住；围绕；包装
 - pack, enclose

Word: pare
Front: pare
[peə(r)] (宝 13217/19203 -1)
Vocabulary: pare
(once / 1447 pages)
v
To pare is to trim — like when you pare branches on a tree or pare down your expenses to save money.
Pare comes from the Latin word parare, meaning "to prepare." Think of peeling potatoes, which you might do with a paring knife, or paring your nails so you'll make a neat appearance. In each case, you are trimming something gradually. If you pare down your expectations, you might be pleasantly surprised.
WORD FAMILY
pare: pared, parer, pares, paring+/parer: parers/paring: parings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The squash is ready when it is readily pierced with a paring knife.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
There was, however, concerted resistance to the plans even from normally supportive states, which pared it back to 3%.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
I just tried to get something that was absolutely pared down to the bone really, aesthetically absolutely simple.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 削皮; 削减; 修剪（指甲等）
时态：pared, paring, pares
分布：削减(100%)
→来自古法语parer,安排，准备，剪枝，使整洁，来自拉丁语parare,准备，提供，安排，装饰，来自pere,生产，带来，生育，来自*per,向前，词源同for,prepare,parent,appear.由该印欧语词根衍生诸多词义，甚至差异化很大。其中主要用于如下三种词义：生育，准备，出现。
【记】拼：怕热，所以要用小刀把狗身上的毛削掉。
US [per] verb transitive often + adverb or preposition
■to cut away the outer layer from something, especially a fruit or a vegetable 削（尤指水果或蔬菜的）皮
• He was busy paring apples in the kitchen. 他正忙着在厨房里削苹果。
• Pare off any bits of the carrots that don't look very nice. 把胡萝卜看起来不太好的地方都削掉。
■to reduce something, especially by a large amount （尤指大量地）削减，减少
• The three-hour play has been pared (down/back) to two hours. 这出三个小时的戏被缩短成两小时。
UK [peər] US [per] verb transitive often + adverb or preposition
pare sth (down) to the bone
■to reduce something to a level at which only what is necessary is left 把…缩减到极限
vt. 消减；削皮；剪；修掉（边等）
 - shear

Word: axle
Front: axle
[ˈæksl] (六宝 13179/15620 -1)
Vocabulary: axle
(once / 2880 pages)
n
An axle is a rod around which a wheel moves or rotates. The front wheels of your car sit on an axle, turning around it as the car moves.
Any kind of vehicle with wheels uses some kind of axle for those wheels to rotate on. Trucks, buses, and cars have axles, and so do lawnmowers and wagons and even bicycles. The original, Middle English word for axle was axle-tree, which came from a combination of the Old Norse word öxull and the Old English eax, both of which mean "axis," or "line around which a body rotates."
WORD FAMILY
axle: axles
USAGE EXAMPLES
To reflect their difference, in Hold Each Other, Axle uses the pronoun “she” while King uses “he”.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Twenty feet away, his son, Andrew, lay under his modified racecar, intensely checking the front-right axle for his Turkey Derby run.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
The gas tank was mounted behind the rear axle, leaving it vulnerable in a crash.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 轮轴; 车轴; 轴端
分布：车轴(66%)，轮轴(34%)
→来自PIE *aks, 轴。
【记】l像实线－车轴
noun countable
■a bar connected to the centre of a circular object such as a wheel which allows or causes it to turn, especially one connecting two wheels of a vehicle 轴；车轴

Word: pharmaceutical
Front: pharmaceutical
[ˌfɑ:məˈsu:tɪkl] (雅宝 6268/9039 -2)
Vocabulary: pharmaceutical
(once / 1969 pages)
adjn
A pharmaceutical is any kind of drug used for medicinal purposes, like cough syrup or sleeping pills.
You may have heard of a pharmacy, which is a place where you can buy medicinal drugs, or a pharmacist, which is a person who prepares those drugs. In general, a pharmaceutical is anything related to pharmacies or pharmacists, though it especially refers to the kinds of medicines that they sell. Pharmaceuticals are often contrasted with what are called recreational drugs, which are the illegal kind that are generally used for entertainment purposes rather than to help heal the body.
WORD FAMILY
pharmaceutical: pharmaceuticals+/pharmaceutic: pharmaceutically, pharmaceutics/pharmacist: pharmacists/pharmacy: pharmaceutic, pharmaceutical, pharmacies, pharmacist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A lot of our patients get relief with this, and a lot of times this works better than pharmaceutical drugs.”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Pharmaceutical companies want genetic information to concoct powerful new drugs.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
There are also several agents dedicated to working pharmaceutical diversion cases in which people are doctor shopping or prescriptions are being forged.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: adj. 制药的，配药的
n. 药物
分布：药品(72%)，制药的(16%)，配药的(7%)，成药(5%)
→来自pharmacy,制药，-eut,-ical,形容词后缀。
US [ˌfɑ:r.mə'su:.tˌɪ-] adjective
■connected with the production of medicines 制药的
• the pharmaceutical industry 制药业
• a pharmaceutical company/product/journal 制药公司／药品／药学期刊
UK [ˌfɑ:.mə'su:.tɪ.kəl] US [ˌfɑ:r.mə'su:.tˌɪ-] noun countable usually plural specialized
■a medicine 药品，药物，药剂
n. 药物
 - drugs, medication

Word: stir
Front: stir
[stɜ:(r)] (研四六托宝 1899/3008 -K3)
Vocabulary: stir
(once / 85 pages)
1v 2vn 3v
To stir is to mix something up. You can literally stir cake batter with a spoon, or figuratively stir someone's emotions by writing them a heartfelt letter.
You can stir muffin batter with a wooden spoon, and stir in a cup of blueberries. When people stir, they start to move after being still or asleep: "It was only five o'clock, but he could hear the kids start to stir." And when something stirs you, it brings up some emotion: "That music always stirs up my sad memories." Stir shares a root with the Old Norse styrr, "tumult or disturbance."
WORD FAMILY
stir: stirred, stirrer, stirring, stirs+/stirred: unstirred/stirrer: stirrers/stirring: stirringly, stirrings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, a faint siren stirs inside of Couch Slouch that something is amiss when student-athletes renege on their part of the covenant.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Stir in the peppers, thyme and rosemary sprigs and continue to cook for 5 minutes to marry the flavors.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ambrose accuses President Obama of breaking “records in polarizing the country” by stirring up class antagonisms, heightening racial tensions and helping instigate political stalemate.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）移动; 搅拌; （使）行动; （使）微动
vt. 使打起精神; 使奋起; 叫醒; 唤起
vi. 苏醒; 奋起; 传播; 发生
n. 搅动; 骚乱; 激动; 微动
时态：stirred, stirring, stirs
分布：搅拌(53%)，引起(21%)，激起(12%)，骚乱(4%)，惹起(3%)，搅和(3%)，活动(3%)，感动(激动(1%)
→来自古英语 styrian,搅动，搅拌，来自 Proto-Germanic*sturjan,搅动，来自 stwer,旋转，转 动，词源同 storm,turn.引申诸相关词义。
v.搅拌,搅动;动,摇动;激动;轰动;煽动,鼓动Sir, your bird stirred my girlfriend's birthday party.先生,你的鸟搅了我女友的生日聚会.
US [stɝ:] verb (-rr-)
MIX 混合
 IMPROVER intransitive or transitive
■to mix a liquid or other substance by moving an object such as a spoon in a circular pattern （用汤匙等）搅动，搅拌
• Stir the sauce gently until it begins to boil. 慢慢搅动酱汁直至煮沸。
• Stir the egg yolks into the mixture. 将蛋黄搅拌至混合料中。
• She paused to stir some milk into her coffee. 她停了一下，往咖啡里掺了点牛奶。
• Slowly add the flour, stirring until completely blended. 慢慢加入面粉，搅拌至完全混合。
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] verb (-rr-)
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive
■to cause something to move slightly （使）微动
• A light breeze stirred the leaves lying on the path. 微风吹动小径上的落叶。
• He stirred in his sleep as I kissed him. 我吻他的时候，他在睡梦中动了一下。
stir (yourself)
■to wake up or begin to move or take action 睡醒；开始移动；开始行动
• Come on, stir yourselves, or you'll be late! 快点，起来吧，否则就要迟到了！
• The alarm clock went off, but she didn't stir. 闹钟响了，但她却没醒。
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] verb (-rr-)
CAUSE EMOTION 煽动
transitive
■If something stirs you, it makes you feel a strong emotion 激发；打动；煽动
• I was deeply stirred by her performance. 她的表演深深打动了我。
• [+ obj + to infinitive] The speech stirred the crowd to take action. 这番讲话激励人们开始采取行动。
intransitive literary
■If an emotion stirs within you, you begin to feel it （情感）逐渐产生，萌发
• Hope stirred within her heart. 她的心中燃起了希望。
intransitive UK informal disapproving
■to cause trouble intentionally between other people, especially by telling false or secret information 挑拨离间；（尤指）搬弄是非
• There's a lot of gossip about me going around. Have you been stirring? 有关我的流言蜚语满天飞，是你在搬弄是非吗？
⇒ See also stir up
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] verb (-rr-)
stir the blood (also stir your blood) literary
■If something stirs the blood, it makes you feel excited 令人兴奋
• tales to stir the blood 让人兴奋不已的传说
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] verb (-rr-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] stir sth up
EMOTION
■to cause an unpleasant emotion or problem to begin or grow 激起（不快的情感）；挑起，煽动（事端）
• The teacher told him to stop stirring up trouble. 老师要他别再惹事。
• The photographs stirred up some painful memories. 照片勾起了一些痛苦的回忆。
SUBSTANCE
■to cause a substance such as soil or dust to move and rise up 卷起，搅起，扬起（泥土、尘土等）
• The helicopter stirred up clouds of dust. 直升机扬起了阵阵尘土。
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] noun
MIX 混合
countable usually singular
■the act of stirring a liquid or other substance in order to mix it 搅动，搅拌
• Could you give the soup a quick stir? 你把汤快速搅一搅好吗？
UK [stɜ:r] US [stɝ:] noun
EXCITEMENT 兴奋
uncountable informal
■a lot of interest or excitement 极大的兴趣；兴奋；骚动
• The scandal caused/created quite a stir at the time. 那件丑闻在当时引起了极大轰动。
n. 搅拌；轰动
 - sensation, blockbuster
vt. 搅拌；激起；惹起
 - mill, occasion
vi. 搅动；传播；走动
 - spread abroad, to disseminate

Word: primordial
Front: primordial
[praɪˈmɔ:diəl] (托 13189/21344)
Vocabulary: primordial
(once / 4965 pages)
adj
Primordial, an adjective, describes something that has been around forever, like cockroaches.
Primordial comes from the Latin words primus, meaning "first" and ordiri, "to begin." So it is easy to see that this adjective means "first of all, original." When something is primordial, it has existed since the earliest time, like the primordial mud some scientists believe was the source of all life on Earth. Remember that is it a scientific term — don't call your teacher primordial just because she's been teaching at your school since it opened.
WORD FAMILY
primordial: primordially
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the primordial soup from which the film’s elaborate and elusive narrative will evolve, a reminder that every story begins in chaos and noise.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
If you leave the gas in the tank, it often coagulates into something that resembles primordial goo.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The root of the tree symbolizes a common primordial ancestor from which all other forms emerged.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 初生的，初发的，原始的
分布：原始的(78%)，最初的(13%)，自原始时代的(9%)
→来自prime,第一的，最初的，原始的，-ord,开始，成形，词源同order.
【记】prim（adj 最早的），ord＝order顺序，ial
【反】most recent（最近的）
US [-'mɔ:r-] formal
adjective
■existing at or since the beginning of the world or the universe （从）太古时代存在的，原始的
• The planet Jupiter contains large amounts of the primordial gas and dust out of which the solar system was formed. 木星含有大量的原始气体和尘埃，太阳系就是由这些气体和尘埃形成的。
■basic and connected with an early stage of development 基本的
adj. [生物] 原始的；根本的；原生的
 - organic, original, fundamental, ultimate, radical

Word: budgetary
Front: budgetary
[ˈbʌdʒɪtəri] (13211/9223 -1)
Back: adj. 预算上的
分布：预算的(100%)
ADJ
预算的
A budgetary matter or policy is concerned with the amount of money that is available to a country or organization, and how it is to be spent.
例：There are huge budgetary pressures on all governments in Europe to reduce their armed forces.欧洲各国政府都面临着巨大的裁军预算压力。

Word: mouthful
Front: mouthful
[ˈmaʊθfʊl] (高四六 13176/9085 -1)
Vocabulary: mouthful
(once / 1450 pages)
n
A mouthful is an amount of some substance that can fit in a person'a mouth. If you eat a mouthful of chocolate cream pie, you consume a bite of it.
A mischievous kid might spit a mouthful of water at her sister, while a thirsty athlete might gulp a mouthful of water after her workout. In both cases, the mouthful is as much water as can fit in their mouths. If you're not very hungry for dinner, you might just have a few mouthfuls of mashed potatoes — just a few bites, in other words. Another kind of mouthful is a long, complicated word, phrase, or sentence.
WORD FAMILY
mouthful: mouthfuls+/ mouth: mouthed, mouthful, mouthing, mouthless, mouthlike, mouths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leaving him with a mouthful of condemned teeth that would likely deteriorate merely stacked the odds against him.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet here he is, three mouthfuls into a meal, looking sheepish and squirming as if he has just been caught in bed with another woman.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
Another knot formed in my throat, and I could not get a mouthful of rice down.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 一口; 满口; <俚>适当[不适当]的批评[暗示]
分布：一口(95%)，又长又拗口的词(5%)
一口(amouthfuloffood一口食物)[-ful 1.表形容词"有…的"2.表名词"满,量"]
noun
AMOUNT 数量
countable
■an amount of food or drink which fills your mouth, or which you put into your mouth at one time 满口；一口
• He only ate a few mouthfuls of meat. 他只吃了几口肉。
['maʊθ.fʊl] noun
WORD 词语
only singular informal
■a word or phrase that is difficult to pronounce or that has a lot of syllables 冗长而拗口的词（或短语），难读的词（或短语）
• I've always called myself 'Henny' because it's less of a mouthful than 'Henrietta'. 我总是叫自己“亨尼”，因为它不像“亨丽埃塔”那么拗口。
['maʊθ.fʊl] noun
give someone a mouthful mainly UK informal
■to shout something angry at someone, usually swearing at them 生气地向（某人）叫嚷；咒骂（某人）
• A taxi driver wound down his window and gave the cyclist a mouthful. 计程车司机摇下车窗，对骑脚踏车的人破口大骂。
n. 一口，满口
 - morsel, gobbet

Word: wacky
Front: wacky
['wækɪ] (13218/21283 -1)
Vocabulary: wacky
(once / 13447 pages)
adj
Something that's wacky is weird or nutty or silly. Your goofy uncle who wears a funny hat and does magic tricks at the dinner table is wacky.
Use the adjective wacky when you're talking about someone with a ridiculous sense of humor. Clowns are, by definition, wacky, for example. Most people have at least one wacky relative, and some are lucky enough to have entire wacky families. Wacky comes from the nineteenth century British slang term whacky, which arose from whack, specifically the idea of getting whacked on the head so hard that it turns you wacky.
WORD FAMILY
wacky: wackier, wackiest, wackily
USAGE EXAMPLES
"It seemed a wacky idea and one with technology my family didn't trust."
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
It was also important to all involved that, no matter how wacky things might get in Laird’s lair, that everyone remain grounded in reality.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
He’s not doing the wild and crazy, wacky nutcase, he’s doing this kind of Bogart, gumshoe thing.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 古怪的，疯癫的
级别：wackier, wackiest
分布：愚蠢的(100%)
→来自whacky变体，击，打，引申义被打傻的。比较dingbat.
['wæk.i] informal
adjective
■unusual in a pleasing and exciting or silly way 滑稽的；古怪的
• He decided to become a clown to join the wacky world of the circus. 他决定做一个小丑，加入滑稽的马戏表演界。
adj. 乖僻的，古怪的
 - odd, curious

Word: urn
Front: urn
[ɜ:n] (13205/14659 -1)
Vocabulary: urn
(once / 1733 pages)
n
An urn is a large, hollow vase that's usually made of metal or clay. Some urns are used for making coffee or tea, others are made to put someone’s ashes in. Go figure.
Urn is probably from the Latin word urna for "a jar or vessel," but some say it’s from another Latin word urere which means, "to burn.” While some urns are used for making hot drinks, the most common use of an urn is holding the ashes of a dead person. Most urns are decorated. “Ode to a Grecian Urn” by the Romantic poet John Keats (1820), is a poem about the figures on a classical Greek urn.
WORD FAMILY
urn: urns
USAGE EXAMPLES
Barron says that inside the boxes was an urn holding his father’s ashes, family photographs dating back generations and antique Asian teapots and vases.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Before he died, he buried the cremated ashes of her twin sister, who died at birth, in an urn inside the submerged vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
She was among thousands of Cubans watching as the urn with Mr Castro's ashes was driven past the historic Moncada barracks in Santiago.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 大茶壶; 瓮，缸; 坟墓; 骨灰瓮
分布：瓮(55%)，骨灰盒(26%)，罐(19%)
→来自拉丁语urna, 瓮，罐，尤指骨灰瓮，来自urere,燃烧，来自eus, 燃烧，词源同ember,combust,urticaria.
US [ɝ:n] noun countable
■a container, especially a large round one on a stem, which is used for decorative purposes in a garden, or one which has a lid and is used for holding a dead person's ashes (= the powder that is left after a dead body has been burned) 瓮；骨灰瓮
■a large cylindrical metal container with a lid which is used for holding a large amount of drink such as tea or coffee and keeping it hot （可以保温的）茶水桶，咖啡桶
• a tea urn 茶水桶
n. 瓮；缸；茶水壶；坟墓；骨灰瓮
 - tomb, grave

Word: manslaughter
Front: manslaughter
[ˈmænslɔ:tə(r)] (13156/9261 -1)
Vocabulary: manslaughter
(once / 4355 pages)
n
Manslaughter means killing someone without planning it beforehand. A defendant who's convicted of manslaughter is guilty of a serious crime, though less serious than murder.
Someone who kills another person accidentally or impulsively might be accused of manslaughter, a legal term that describes a killing which is not quite deliberate murder. Manslaughter is extremely serious, although it's usually punished less harshly than murder. Though the word laughter can be seen in manslaughter, it's no laughing matter — and it rhymes with daughter.
WORD FAMILY
manslaughter: manslaughters
USAGE EXAMPLES
King, the flamboyant boxing promoter who hyped Mike Tyson’s 1980s fights, was also saluted by Trump as “a phenomenal person” despite a conviction for manslaughter.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Police believe he was under the influence and he remains jailed on manslaughter, DUI and other charges.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Hayes’ described the shooting as self-defense but was convicted of manslaughter and attempted manslaughter.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 杀人; 过失杀人; [法]过失杀人罪
分布：名词(100%)
→man,人，slaughter,屠杀，残杀。用于法律术语过失杀人。
US [-ˌslɑ:.tˌɚ] noun uncountable legal
■the crime of killing a person by someone who did not intend to do it or who cannot be responsible for their actions 过失杀人，误杀；无行为能力者所犯的杀人罪行
• She was sentenced to five years imprisonment for manslaughter. 她因过失杀人被判入狱五年。
• He denies murder but admits manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility. 他否认谋杀，但承认过失杀人，这样可以减轻刑事责任。
Compare murder ; suicide
n. 杀人；过失杀人；一般杀人罪
 - homicide

Word: choosing
Front: choosing
[t'ʃu:zɪŋ] (13228/13678)
Back: v. 挑选( choose的现在分词 ); 选择; 选定; 喜欢
分布：选择(95%)，决定(4%)，动词choose的现在分词形式.(1%)
VERB
挑选;选择;选取
If you choose someone or something from several people or things that are available, you decide which person or thing you want to have.
例：They will be able to choose their own leaders in democratic elections...他们将能够通过民主选举选择自己的领导人。
例：This week he has chosen Peter Mandelson to replace Mo Mowlam...本周他选择了彼得·曼德尔森来代替莫·摩兰姆。
VERB
甘愿;决定
If you choose to do something, you do it because you want to or because you feel that it is right.
例：They knew that discrimination was going on, but chose to ignore it...他们当时知道歧视现象仍然存在，但是宁愿装聋作哑。
例：You can just take out the interest each year, if you choose.你要是愿意，每年可以仅支取利息。
PHRASE
不分上下;好坏相当
If there is little to choose between people or things or nothing to choose between them, it is difficult to decide which is better or more suitable.
例：There is very little to choose between the world's top tennis players.世界顶级网球运动员之间往往难分伯仲。
PHRASE
享受优厚待遇的少数人；精英
The chosen few are a small group who are treated better than other people. You sometimes use this expression when you think this is unfair.
例：Learning should no longer be an elitist pastime for the chosen few.学习不应再是少数人的高级消遣。
v. 选择；决定（choose的ing形式）
 - selecting, determining

Word: heterogeneous
Front: heterogeneous
[ˌhetərəˈdʒi:niəs] (托宝 13235/12736)
Vocabulary: heterogeneous
(once / 2935 pages)
adj
Heterogeneous can be used to describe the diversity of nearly anything — populations, classrooms, collections. A heterogeneous array of immigrants passed through Ellis Island to help create the American "melting pot."
An easy way to remember the meaning of this word is that homo is the same and hetero is different. So, a homogeneous group of puppies might consist of apricot-colored poodles, while a heterogeneous group might consist of a hodgepodge of different pups ranging from dachshunds to dalmatians. Anytime you are confronted with a group whose members are not all similar to one another, you have an opportunity to trot out heterogeneous.
WORD FAMILY
heterogeneous: heterogeneity, heterogeneously, heterogeneousness+/ heterogeneity: heterogeneities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Latin America, in general, is looking much more politically heterogeneous: There are leftist, centrist, and rightist governments currently in power.
Slate(Dec 07, 2016)
In many ways, it’s a more accurate portrait of the fluid, heterogeneous United States than any novel, film or play could hope to be.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
That’s the period in which I have lived in Chinatown, and in which I started noticing the neighborhood’s unique and heterogeneous trash footprint.
The New Yorker(Sep 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 各种各样的; 成分混杂的
分布：异质的(54%)，异种的(36%)，由不同成份形成的(10%)
→hetero-,相异的，-gen,出生，产生，词源同generate.引申词义多种多样的。
异类的,不同的(hetero+gen产生＋eous→产生不同的)[hetero-表示"异类,异种"]
不同的(hetero异+gen+eous→产生不同的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
不同的(hetero异+gen产生+eous)[-eous表形容词"有…的"]
US [ˌhetˌ.ə.roʊ-] adjective formal
■consisting of parts or things that are very different from each other 各种各样的；混杂的
• Switzerland is a heterogeneous confederation of 26 self-governing cantons. 瑞士是一个由26个不同的自治州组成的联邦。
Compare homogeneous
adj. 多相的； [生物] 异种的； [物] [化学] 不均匀的；由不同成分形成的
 - uneven, polyphase

Word: standardize
Front: standardize
[ˈstændədaɪz] (六托 13182/20509 -1)
Vocabulary: standardize
(once / 3503 pages)
v
To standardize something is to make it fit a certain guideline or requirement. If a school decides to standardize its grading system, it makes sure every teacher gives grades in exactly the same way.
Use the verb standardize to describe what an organization or company does when it makes a product or rule conform to a certain model. Often, to standardize things is to make them all exactly the same. When a city standardizes all its playground equipment, every park begins to look alike, with the same slides, swings, and sandboxes.
WORD FAMILY
standardize: standardization, standardized, standardizer, standardizes, standardizing+/ standard: nonstandard, standardise, standardize, standards, substandard /standardise: standardisation, standardised, standardiser, standardising/standardization: standardizations/standardizer: standardizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As energy companies prepare their annual reports, they will be calculating a so-called standardized measure of reserve value.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
His company is a distinctly family business fortified with longtime loyalists that operates less on standardized procedures and more on a culture of Trump.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Chamber was filed by two latte drinkers in California who said that the company’s standardized latte recipe results in cups that are “25 percent underfilled.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 使标准化; 用标准校检
时态：standardized, standardizing, standardizes
分布：使标准化(84%)，使合规格(16%)
→standard,标准，-ize,使。
US [-dɚ-] verb transitive
■to make things of the same type all have the same basic features 使标准化，使合乎标准
• We standardize parts such as rear-view mirrors, so that one type will fit any model of car we make. 我们对后视镜之类的零件进行标准化生产，这样只要一种型号便能搭配我们所有款式的汽车了。
vt. 使标准化；用标准检验
 - normalize

Word: magically
Front: magically
['mædʒɪklɪ] (13232/19191)
Back: adv. 如魔法般地，用魔法地
分布：如魔法般地(60%)，用魔法地(40%)
ADJ
施魔法的;产生魔力的
Something that is magical seems to use magic or to be able to produce magic.
例：...the story of Sin-Sin, a little boy who has magical powers.一个有魔力的小男孩辛辛的故事
ADJ-GRADED
（地方或物体）奇妙的，神奇的
You can say that a place or object is magical when it has a special mysterious quality that makes it seem wonderful and exciting.
例：The beautiful island of Cyprus is a magical place to get married.美丽的塞浦路斯岛是缔结良缘的美妙之地。

Word: stripper
Front: stripper
[ˈstrɪpə(r)] (13219/19509 -1)
Back: n. 脱衣舞表演者，脱衣舞女; 分离相片负像或正像的人; 剥皮剂; 低产井
分布：剥皮器(34%)，低产井(33%)，模板(33%)
→strip,跳脱衣舞，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] noun
REMOVE COVERING 去除表皮
countable or uncountable
■a liquid chemical or an electric tool that is used for removing things such as paint 剥离剂，脱漆剂；剥离器
• a can of paint stripper 一罐脱漆剂
• My new wallpaper stripper uses high-pressure steam to lift off the paper. 我的新壁纸剥离器是用高压蒸汽使壁纸剥落。
UK ['strɪp.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
REMOVE CLOTHING 脱掉衣服
countable
■someone whose job is removing all their clothing to entertain other people 脱衣舞表演者
• We organized a male stripper for her 50th birthday party. 我们为她的50岁生日安排了一个脱衣舞男表演。
n. 脱衣舞女； [木] [助剂] 剥离器；脱模机
 - exotic dancer, ecdysiast

Word: mobile
Front: mobile
[ˈməʊbaɪl] (高研四六托雅宝 4686/4468 -K3)
Vocabulary: mobile
(once / 297 pages)
adjn
When something is mobile it can move or be moved easily. If you walk to the end of the block talking on your cell phone, you are a mobile being using a mobile device.
A mobile is something you hang over a crib to entertain the baby, or a scale model of the universe. In 1940, the word mobile was first used to refer to a house that could be easily moved — a mobile home. If someone says to you jokingly that they "are not mobile," it means that their car is not working. It will be hard for them to be upwardly mobile, or to improve their social status, if they don't get mobile and get to work soon!
WORD FAMILY
mobile: immobile, mobiles, mobilise, mobility, mobilize +/demobilise: demobilised, demobilising/demobilization: demobilizations/demobilize: demobilization, demobilized, demobilizes, demobilizing/ immobile: immobilely, immobilise, immobility, immobilize /immobilise: immobilisation, immobilised, immobilising/ immobility: immobilities/ immobilize: immobilization, immobilized, immobilizes, immobilizing/mobilisation: demobilisation, mobilisations/mobilise: demobilise, mobilisation, mobilised, mobilises, mobilising/mobilization: mobilizations/ mobilize: demobilize, mobilization, mobilized, mobilizes, mobilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starship’s robots work this way: Customers use a mobile app to order an item.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It is linked to a mobile phone app which records the audio of the patient's chest.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The satellites will be used to provide mobile communications on land, sea and air.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 可移动的; 行动自如的; 易变的; 流动性的
n. 风铃; 手机
分布：移动的(35%)，易变的(24%)，活动的(20%)，悬挂饰物(11%)，活动物体(7%)，可动雕塑(3%)
→来自拉丁语mobilis,移动的，缩写自*movibilis,移动的，来自movere,移动，词源同move.
活动的,可动的(mob+ile)[mob=move,表示"动"]
a.可动的,活动的,运动的In the autumn the authorities automatically authorize me to buy highly mobile automobiles.秋天,当权者自动授权我买高机动性的汽车.
US ['moʊ.bəl] adjective
 IMPROVER
■able to move freely or be easily moved 流动的；（可）移动的；活动的
• You've broken your ankle but you'll be fully mobile (= able to walk as usual) within a couple of months. 你摔断了脚踝，但用不了几个月你就可以行动自如了。
UK ['məʊ.baɪl] US ['moʊ.bəl] noun countable
PHONE 电话
 IMPROVER mainly UK (US usually cellphone)
■a mobile phone 行动电话
■a mobile number 手机号码
• My mobile's 07796 10253. 我的手机号码是07796 10253。
UK ['məʊ.baɪl] US ['moʊ.bəl] noun countable
DECORATION 装饰
■a decoration or work of art which has many parts that move freely in the air, for example hanging from threads 风铃；（可随风摆动的）悬挂饰物
moving, movable, mobile
moving: （正在）移动的；动人的；
movable: 可（被）移动的，能移动的
mobile: （自由）移动、变动（位置或地点）的；
diverse, vivid, alive, mobile
diverse: 多种多样的，不同的
vivid: （记忆，描述）清晰的， 逼真的，（光，颜色）鲜艳的，耀眼的
alive: 活着的，有活力的，继续存在的
mobile: 易于快速移动的，易变的，流动的
adj. [生物] 机动的；易变的，；非固定的
 - variable, liquid, motor, unstable

Word: blonde
Front: blonde
[blɒnd] (雅 6949/6183 -K2)
Vocabulary: blonde
(once / 1215 pages)
adjn
Blonde (with an "e" at the end) is usually used to describe the yellowish-colored hair of a female. Marilyn Monroe had famously blonde hair, but only from bleaching — she was naturally a brunette.
Marilyn Monroe's hair was so famous she actually starred in a movie called Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. There the noun blonde is used to mean a person (a woman) with light-colored hair and skin. So you can either say, “She is blonde," or “She is a blonde,” and they mean the same thing — that she has fair hair. When describing a male's yellowish hair or light-colored stained wood, you will more often see blond without the silent "e" at the end. The addition of the "e" in the feminine form of blonde is of course a holdover from its French origin.
WORD FAMILY
blonde: blonder, blondes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Truth be told, I listen to 4 Non Blondes’ “What’s Up” every week, but I play it nonstop on New Year’s Eve.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
A pale, blonde female security guard sat alone in a surveillance room: naked.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Leia was a princess who looked like me, in the age of the 70s blue-eyed blondes, and in my family.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 白肤金发碧眼女人
adj. （头发）亚麻色的，金色的; 白皙的; 白肤金发碧眼的
分布：金发女郎(67%)，金发碧眼的(24%)，白皙的(9%)
→词源同blend, 混合。指金色和棕色的混合颜色。
US [blɑ:nd] adjective (also blond)
 ADVANCED
■with pale yellow or gold hair 有浅黄色（或金色）头发的
• blonde hair/highlights 金发／金黄色挑染的头发
• a blonde woman/a blond man 金发女子／男子
UK [blɒnd] US [blɑ:nd] noun countable
■a woman with pale yellow or gold hair 金发女郎
• Who's the blonde talking to Bob? 与鲍勃讲话的那个金发女郎是谁？
UK [blɒnd] US [blɑ:nd] noun countable
Blondes have more fun. saying
■said to express the common belief that men are more attracted to women with blonde hair and give them more attention 金发女郎更迷人。
adj. 亚麻色的；白皙的；白肤金发碧眼的
 - fair, flaxen

Word: mismanagement
Front: mismanagement
[ˌmɪs'mænɪdʒmənt] (13227/15075)
Back: n. 管理不善，经营不当，处置失当; 处置失当
分布：管理不善(97%)，处理不当(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
处置不当;管理不善
Some-one's mismanagement of a system or organization is the bad way they have dealt with it or organized it.
例：...the Government's economic mismanagement...政府对经济的管理不当
例：His gross mismanagement left the company desperately in need of restructuring.他管理上的重大失误使公司陷入亟须重组的境地。
n. [管理] 管理不善；处置失当
 - maladministration, poor management

Word: newscast
Front: newscast
[ˈnju:zkɑ:st] (托 13173/- -1)
Vocabulary: newscast
(once / 11963 pages)
n
A newscast is a television or radio show about current news events. Some TV channels feature a half hour newscast at the end of every week day.
An all-news cable TV channel is basically nothing but newscasts, with news headlines, analysis of the news, and commentary about current events. Traditionally, network television stations scheduled one or two newscasts per day, broadcasting that day's biggest news. The word newscast is North American, and it first appeared (referring to radio news) around 1930, modeled on the earlier broadcast.
WORD FAMILY
newscast: newscasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Washington bureau was Sinclair’s, too; it provided its interview with Trump to Sinclair’s many stations for their newscasts.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
She left the program to join CBS, where she become the first solo female anchor of a network evening newscast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“Doing this newscast this year, it’s kind of hard to ask parents to send in a green screen,” she quipped.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. <美>新闻广播
分布：新闻广播(100%)
→news,新闻，cast,广播。
US ['nu:z.kæst] mainly US
noun countable
■a radio or television programme that consists of news reports 新闻广播；新闻节目
n. 新闻广播
 - news broadcast

Word: angst
Front: angst
[æŋst] (13234/21294 -1)
Vocabulary: angst
(once / 11634 pages)
n
Angst is a feeling of anxiety and frustration that isn't specific. People often feel angst about the state of the world, or about the state of their homework.
Angst is anxiety that is mixed with frustration and negativity. Angst often doesn’t have a specific target: people feel angst in general. Teenagers are known for their angst, which is shown when they act miserable about nothing in particular. Often, angst refers to philosophical displeasure with world events or personal freedom. An angst-filled person is dissatisfied and unhappy.
WORD FAMILY
angst
USAGE EXAMPLES
A surplus of points did nothing to assuage angst about the playoff, then the playoff results only confirmed the prior nerves.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Uninspired,” with its aimless angst, is a bit “Girls,” a bit “Seinfeld,” a mix that’s fairly common in the web series world.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Germany and across Europe, revulsion and angst over the strike at a symbol of the region’s Christmas traditions sparked governments to act.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 焦虑; 担心; 恐惧，沮丧
分布：名词(100%)
→来自anger古义。
US [ɑ:ŋkst] noun uncountable
■strong worry and unhappiness, especially about personal problems （尤指对私人问题的）焦虑，烦忧
• All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst. 我所有的孩子在青春期后期都经历过一段焦虑不安的时光。
n. 焦虑；担心
 - anxiety, worry, fear, solicitude

Word: sore
Front: sore
[sɔ:(r)] (研四六雅 6349/6510 -K2)
Vocabulary: sore
(once / 188 pages)
adjn
A sore is a broken patch of skin — something you might put a bandage on — or it's something that gives you pain, like a sore throat, that’s red and scratchy and painful.
You can have a sore and you can also be sore: if you've just ridden your bike over the Alps, you're probably pretty sore — achy and hurting all over. Maybe you've heard phrases like "Don't be sore at me, boss," from old gangster movies, meaning "don't be angry." A sore point or a sore subject is something you don't want to discuss, like the sensitive topic of your last history quiz, the one you slept through.
WORD FAMILY
sore: sorely, soreness, sorer, sores, sorest+/soreness: sorenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Anthony, who led the Knicks against Orlando with 19 points, missed the second half of Saturday’s game because of a sore left knee.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No, the sore back that prompted his competitive sabbatical wasn’t acting up.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s dealt with a sore right calf but showed no ill effects while smoothly eluding Detroit’s pass rush all night.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 疼痛的; 使人伤心的; 恼火的，发怒的
n. （肌肤的）痛处，伤处
adv. 〈古，诗〉同sorely
级别：sorer, sorest
分布：痛处(36%)，疼痛的(32%)，恼火的(13%)，伤口(8%)，痛心的(6%)，严重的(5%)
→来自古英语 sar,疼痛的，痛苦的，受伤的，来自 Proto-Germanic*saira,忍受的，痛苦的，来自 sai,忍受，受折磨，词源同 sorry.引申诸相关词义。
a.疼痛的;痛心的n.痛处,疮口The sore is orally ignored by the ignorant immoral man.疮痛被无知的不道德者口头忽视了.
US [sɔ:r] adjective
PAINFUL 疼痛的
 ADVANCED
■painful and uncomfortable because of injury, infection or too much use 痛的，疼痛的
• All the dust has made my eyes sore. 灰尘使我的眼睛酸痛。
• I've got a sore throat. 我喉咙痛。
• My feet were sore with all the walking. 走了这么多的路，我的脚很痛。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] adjective
ANGRY 生气的 US informal
■angry because you feel you have been unfairly treated 恼火的；愤慨的
• He accused me of being a sore loser (= someone who does not accept defeat well). 他说我是个输不起的人。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] adjective
stand / stick out like a sore thumb informal
■If someone or something stands/sticks out like a sore thumb, everyone notices them because they are very different from the people or things around them 与周围格格不入，显得刺眼
• Everyone else was in jeans and casual gear and I had my office clothes on - I stuck out like a sore thumb. 别人都穿着牛仔裤和休闲服，而我穿着制服——我显得太扎眼了。
UK [sɔ:r] US [sɔ:r] noun countable
■a painful area on the surface of a body, especially an infected area 痛处；（尤指）溃疡，疮
• The poor dog's back was covered with sores. 那只可怜的狗背上长满了疮。
⇒ See also cold sore
sore, ache, pain
这组词都有“疼、疼痛”的意思，其区别是：
sore: 指身体某部位的痛处，有是也指精神上的痛苦。
ache: 指人体某一器官较持久的疼痛，常常是隐痛。
pain: 可与ache换用，但pain既可指一般疼痛，也可指剧痛，疼痛范围可以是局部或全身，时间可长可短。也可引申指精神上的痛苦。
adj. 疼痛的，痛心的；剧烈的，极度的；恼火的，发怒的；厉害的，迫切的
 - excessive, severe, painful, extreme, smart
n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事
 - ulcer, sorrow

Word: custard
Front: custard
[ˈkʌstəd] (13196/12419 -1)
Vocabulary: custard
(once / 2415 pages)
n
Custard is a sweet, pudding-like dessert that's usually made with eggs. You might prefer frozen custard to ice cream as a summertime treat.
Custard comes in a few different forms, including baked, frozen, and boiled. Baked custard is made with a combination of eggs, milk or cream, sugar, and sometimes flavoring, chocolate, or spices, that's cooked in small dishes sitting in a pan of water. The result is smooth, creamy, and rich. In the 14th century, a custard was a "meat or fruit pie," from croustado, an Old Provençal word literally meaning "something covered with crust."
WORD FAMILY
custard: custard-like, custards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cook, stirring continuously, until the mixture thickens to a custard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In the second, the contestants tackle custards and meringues.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The traditional combination of rich custard and bittersweet caramel, apparently, was too perfect to touch.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 蛋奶糊，牛奶沙司，蛋羹
分布：乳蛋糕(100%)
→cust, 同crust, 面包屑，字母r脱落。因上面覆盖一层面包屑而得名。
US [-tɚd] noun uncountable
■a (usually warm) sweet sauce made from eggs, milk and sugar and poured over sweet dishes 蛋奶冻
• apple pie and custard 苹果派和蛋奶冻
n. 奶油冻；奶油蛋羹
 - mousse

Word: configure
Front: configure
[kənˈfɪgə(r)] (13210/17544)
Back: v. 配置; 设定; 使成形; 使具一定形式
时态：configured, configuring, configures
分布：配置(100%)
→con-, 强调。-figure, 形成，形状。即形成某一形状的，布置。
US [kən'fɪg.ɚ] verb transitive
■to arrange something or change the controls on a computer or other device so that it can be used in a particular way 装配，配置，设定（电脑或其他装置的设备）
• [+ to infinitive] Some software can be configured to prevent children from giving out their phone numbers on the Internet. 可以安装某些软体来防止孩子在网上泄露他们的电话号码。
vt. 安装；使成形
 - fit, fix

Word: muck
Front: muck
[mʌk] (13224/10100 -1)
Back: n. 污物，污泥; 废石; 湿粪; 秽物
vt. 施粪肥于…; 弄脏; 清除
时态：mucked, mucking, mucks
分布：淤泥(27%)，垃圾(16%)，弄脏(16%)，污物(13%)，粪肥(11%)，弄糟(9%)，施肥(8%)
→来自古英语muk,牛粪，粪肥，来自smeug,meug,黏的，滑的，词源同mucus,muggy.
noun uncountable
■dirt or solid animal waste 脏东西；（动物的）粪便
• You're treading muck into the carpet with your dirty shoes! 你的脏鞋子把地毯弄得脏兮兮的！
• a pile of dog muck 一堆狗屎
■something you consider very unpleasant or very low quality 品质低劣的东西
• I'm not eating that muck! 我才不吃那让人反胃的东西！
• The immigrants were treated like muck (= treated badly, as if they were not important). 移民都被视为泥土草芥。
[mʌk] noun uncountable
make a muck of sth informal
■to spoil something or do something very badly 打乱；把…弄糟
• I've made a muck of it - I'll have to do it again. 我把事情弄得一团糟——只好重做了。
[mʌk] noun uncountable
Where there 's muck there's brass. UK saying
■said to mean that a lot of money can be made from business activities which are dirty or unpleasant 要致富别怕脏。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muck sb/sth about/around mainly UK informal
■to behave in a silly way, or to treat someone or something in a careless way 胡闹；耍弄；瞎弄
• Stop mucking about with those ornaments, you'll break something! 别乱碰那些摆设了，你早晚会打碎的！
• I'm fed up with them mucking me about and cancelling our arrangements. 他们耍弄我，取消了我们的安排——我受够了。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  muck in UK informal
■to share the work that needs to be done 一起出力，一起合作；参加
• She doesn't mind mucking in with the rest of us when there's work to be done. 有工作要做的时候，她总是不介意和我们大家一起做。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muck (sth) out
■to clean a place where a large animal lives, especially a stable , by removing the waste products and old straw 打扫（畜舍）
• She'd spent all morning mucking out the horses. 她整个上午都在打扫马厩。
[mʌk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] muck sth up informal
■to spoil something completely, or do something very badly 打乱；把…弄糟
• I really prepared for the interview because I didn't want to muck it up. 我确实为面试做了准备，因为我不想出甚么岔子。
• I mucked up the whole exam! 我考试考得一塌糊涂！
n. 淤泥；垃圾；肥料；品质低劣的东西
 - fertilizer, refuse, garbage, junk
vt. 弄脏；施肥；清除…的污物
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty
vi. 闲逛；鬼混
 - lig, knock around

Word: increment
Front: increment
[ˈɪŋkrəmənt] (雅宝 13233/16016)
Vocabulary: increment
(once / 4774 pages)
n
Consider expanding your vocabulary by a small increment, or increase, each day. Increasing your vocabulary by an increment of just two words a day means you’ll learn more than 700 new words a year!
Increment is often used in the context of a series of regular increases, so this word comes in handy whenever you’re expanding or improving something over time. Maybe you contribute to your bank account in modest increments each week. Or, when working out at the gym, perhaps you increase the number of sit-ups you do by a small increment each day.
WORD FAMILY
increment: incremental, increments+/ incremental: incrementally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tax increment financing is common in many states but are not used as much in Kentucky.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
So in other words we started patching together three minutes of music in 30-second increments, until we got there.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 增长; 增量; 增额; 定期的加薪
时态：incremented, incrementing, increments
分布：增量(49%)，增加(36%)，增值(12%)，增额(3%)
→in-,进入，使，-cre,增加，创造，词源同create,crescent.引申词义加薪。
增加(increase的名词)[cre,creas=grow,make,表示"增长,产生"]
【记】increase（v 增加）
【参】accretion（n 自然增长）；incretion（n 内分泌；激素）
noun countable
■one of a series of increases 增加，增长
• You will receive annual salary / pay increments every September. 每年九月你会得到加薪。
n. [数] 增量；增加；增额；盈余
 - enhancement, gain, surplus, rise

Word: pornographic
Front: pornographic
[ˌpɔ:nəˈgræfɪk] (13215/15732)
Back: adj. 色情的，淫秽的; 色情作品的，春宫画的
分布：色情的(85%)，春宫的(15%)
ADJ-GRADED
色情的；淫秽的
Pornographic materials such as films, videos, and magazines are designed to cause sexual excitement by showing naked people or referring to sexual acts.
例：I found out he'd been watching pornographic videos.我发现他一直在看黄色录像。
adj. 色情的；色情作品的；春宫画的
 - sexy, erotic

Word: mull
Front: mull
[mʌl] (13242/19022 -1)
Vocabulary: mull
(once / 4913 pages)
1v 2v 3n
The verb mull means to think deeply about something, the way you might mull over your choice of what college to attend.
When you mull something over, you ponder or seriously consider it. You could mull over what aid organization to donate money to following a natural disaster, or mull over what to study in college. People are most likely to mull over important decisions, but you can use the word mull, almost always with over, any time you're giving serious consideration to something. A completely different meaning of mull is "to heat, sweeten and spice," as when you make mulled cider.
WORD FAMILY
mull: mulled, muller, mulling, mulls+/muller: mullers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Homeland Security Department is mulling over adding election systems to that list.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The New York Times reports aides close to the president-elect are mulling ways to distribute the assets of his charitable organization and shut it down.
Time(Dec 24, 2016)
They held ceremonial white candles and swigged mulled wine from plastic cups.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. （加糖，香料等）烫热（酒等）; 深思熟虑; 磨碎
n. 混乱; 细软薄布
时态：mulled, mulling, mulls
分布：岬(38%)，思索(29%)，加糖和香料并烫热(11%)，乱糟糟(11%)，混合(11%)
→来自中古英语mullyn,磨粉，来自mel,磨，锤打，词源同mill,mallet.引申词义认真琢磨， 反复思考。
verb transitive
■to heat wine or beer with added sugar and spices （加糖和香料等）将（葡萄酒或啤酒）制成热饮
• mulled wine 烫热的葡萄酒
[mʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mull sth over
■to think carefully about something for a long time 仔细思考，反覆考虑
• I need a few days to mull things over before I decide if I'm taking the job. 在决定是否做这份工作前，我需要几天时间仔细考虑。
vt. 研磨；思索或思考某事物；使醉
 - grit, pulverize
n. 混乱；软薄布
 - disorder, chaos, confusion, turmoil, involvement
vi. 深思熟虑
 - contemplate

Word: secluded
Front: secluded
[sɪˈklu:dɪd] (13247/11872 -1)
Vocabulary: secluded
(once / 1304 pages)
adj
A secluded place is isolated, away from other people. It's quiet, and there's not a lot going on.
Sometimes you need to get away from it all to someplace where no one will find you. What you seek is a secluded area where you can be alone. A secluded spot conjures the image of someplace removed from the intrusions of life. A writer might want to be secluded so she can get work done, and a couple might want to be secluded so they can spend time together. When you're secluded, there aren't many other people or distractions.
WORD FAMILY
secluded: secludedly+/ seclude: secluded, secludes, secluding, seclusion / seclusion: seclusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
She opted for secluded beaches despite her concerns about swimming in places with no flags or lifeguards.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Late that night, Justin drove me to a secluded beach on the north shore of Massachusetts where a handful of stargazers stared skyward.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Some communities in remote areas believe that they will suffer a misfortune such as a natural disaster unless menstruating women are secluded.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 与世隔绝的; 隐退的; 偏僻的
v. 使隔开，使隐退( seclude的过去式和过去分词)
分布：隐蔽的(42%)，僻静的(31%)，与世隔绝的(13%)，隐退的(11%)，动词seclude的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
【记】源于：seclude（v 隔离），se分，clude关闭－分开关闭－隔绝
adjective
■quiet and private by being situated away from people, roads or buildings 与世隔绝的；僻静的
• a secluded beach 僻静的海滩
• a secluded house in the forest 森林里一所僻静的房子
adj. 隐蔽的；隐退的，隐居的
 - concealed, reclusive

Word: veritable
Front: veritable
[ˈverɪtəbl] (宝 13248/14537 -1)
Vocabulary: veritable
(once / 1037 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something is veritable it is true, or at least feels that way. "The trees and lights turned the campus into a veritable wonderland" means that the campus seemed to be transformed into a true wonderland (if there is such a thing).
Veritable comes from the Latin veritas which means true. But unlike true, it does not describe things like statements. It is often used to enhance the word that follows it. "A veritable cornucopia of food" is a lot of food of different varieties. If someone calls you "a veritable force of nature," they don't mean that you are actually a hurricane; they just mean that you have the unstoppable quality of a big old storm.
WORD FAMILY
veritable: veritably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, Parsi surnames provide a veritable smorgasbord of edible associations.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Mr. Trump is drawing the talent from a veritable pantheon of business leaders.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
This year was filled to the brim with Netflix revivals, Marvel films, and veritable pop culture phenomena.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 名副其实的; 真正的
分布：真正的(74%)，真实的(22%)，确实的(4%)
【记】veri真正，table：名副其实的
【反】specious（adj 似是而非的）
US [-ə.tˌə-] adjective [before noun]
■used to describe something as another, more exciting, interesting or unusual thing, as a way of emphasizing its character 十足的，不折不扣的；名副其实的
• My garden had become a veritable jungle by the time I came back from holiday. 我渡假回来的时候，我的花园简直是杂草丛生。
• The normally sober menswear department is set to become a veritable kaleidoscope of colour this season. 色调通常都比较暗淡的男装部这一季将会成为名副其实的色彩万花筒。
adj. 真正的，名副其实的
 - genuine, authentic

Word: clot
Front: clot
[klɒt] (托宝 13223/19991 -1)
Vocabulary: clot
(once / 2546 pages)
nv
A clot is a mass of coagulated blood. It's your body's way of repairing itself, stopping blood from flowing and beginning to heal a wound.
You can use the noun clot for any liquid that forms a solid lump or mass, though it's usually a medical term specifically related to blood. Some clots are useful, like the ones that form on skin that's been cut, while others — like those that occur inside blood vessels — can be harmful. Clot can also be a verb, meaning to clog or coagulate. The root is the German word Klotz, which means "lump or block."
WORD FAMILY
clot: clots, clotted, clotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
At various points of time, doctors diagnosed Stephanie with an enlarged heart, a blood clot and severe liver and kidney damage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Garry Shandling died from a blood clot in his heart, officials said Tuesday, more than seven months after the comedian's unexpected death.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She thought it was allergies, but doctors later found blood clots in her legs and lungs.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 凝结; 拥塞
n. 凝块; （人，动物等的）聚集
时态：clotted, clotting, clots
分布：凝块(57%)，凝结(28%)，阻塞(12%)，一群(3%)
→词源同clod,clump,cloud.指各种大块状的东西。
【记】c读：咳，lot一大块，咳嗽出一大块血－凝块
【参】cloy（v 甜得发腻）；colt（n 小马）；slot（n 狭缝；投币口）
US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PIECE 块
■an almost solid piece of something 凝块
• He had a blood clot removed from his brain. 他颅内的一个血块被取了出来。
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK old-fashioned informal
■a stupid person 笨蛋，傻瓜
• Look what you've done, you clot! 看看你做了甚么，笨蛋！
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to form clots 凝结成块
• He was rushed into hospital because his blood wasn't clotting properly. 他被匆忙送进医院，因为他的血液不能正常凝结。
• an anti-(blood) clotting agent 抗凝血剂
vi. 凝结
 - concrete, to freeze
n. [生理] 凝块
 - gob, grume
vt. 使凝结成块
 - clump

Word: handcuff
Front: handcuff
[ˈhændkʌf] (11213/19376 -1)
Vocabulary: handcuff
(once / 2370 pages)
nv
A handcuff is a metal restraint that closes around a person's wrist. When police arrest a suspect, they often put handcuffs on him.
You'll almost always find this word in its plural form, since handcuffs come in pairs, one for each wrist. It's also a verb, meaning "to put handcuffs on a person." Police officers carry handcuffs with them, so that they're ready to handcuff criminals and troublemakers. Handcuffs hold the wrists close to each other, usually behind the wearer's back. The earliest meaning of handcuff was "decorative sleeve," in the 1640s.
WORD FAMILY
handcuff: handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Goff was down there, somewhere, sacked by giants, handcuffed by his coaches, left lying in the limbo of a lost autumn.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 18-year-old was handcuffed and placed in the back of a police car with no partition.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Even when they leave their cells, inmates are handcuffed and escorted by guards.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 手铐; 思想上的桎梏
vt. 给…戴上手铐; 限制
时态：handcuffed, handcuffing, handcuffs
分布：上手拷(100%)
→hand,手，cuff,袖口，手铐。
['hænd.kʌf] (informal cuff)
verb transitive often passive
■to put handcuffs on someone 给…戴手铐
• He arrived in court handcuffed to two police officers. 他上了法庭，手分别与两名员警的手铐在一起。
vt. 给…戴上手铐；限制
 - block, qualify
n. 手铐；思想上的桎梏
 - shackles, darby

Word: eyelash
Front: eyelash
[ˈaɪlæʃ] (13195/15746 -1)
Vocabulary: eyelash
(once / 2844 pages)
n
An eyelash is a hair that grows from your top or bottom eyelid. Try batting or fluttering your eyelashes to get attention. You'll either get what you want or look silly, or both.
Eyelashes are small, usually dark and curved, and having plenty of long, lush eyelashes is considered attractive in everyone, male or female. The combination of your blinking eyelids and the fringe of eyelashes helps keep small particles out of your eyes — and eyelashes are sensitive in a similar way to a cat's whiskers, so that your eyes will shut reflexively when some object comes too close.
WORD FAMILY
eyelash: eyelashes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ten years ago, it was fake eyelashes, fake tan, fake cleavage.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
In a consciousness test, a prison officer says the inmate’s name, brushes his eyelashes and then pinches his left arm.
Time(Dec 09, 2016)
The company got its start in 1950 as a drugstore that sold false eyelashes to showgirls, and still offers over 70 different types.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 睫毛
分布：睫毛(100%)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■any of the short hairs which grow along the edges of the eye 睫毛
• long eyelashes 长长的睫毛
• false eyelashes 假睫毛
n. 睫毛
 - ciliature, eyewinker

Word: in
Front: in
[ɪn] (中高雅 6/6 -K2)
Vocabulary: in
(once / 1 page)
1advadj 2n 3adj 4adj
When one thing is in another, it is surrounded by or within it, the way chocolate chips are in a bowl of cookie batter.
In is a word with many different uses. A child can be in a sandbox, and a teenager can be in love. You can sit in your car, or say to a friend, "See you in an hour!" An actor might be in a film, while your dad tells people he's in publishing, and both live in New York City. If your clothes are in, they're stylish, and if you're locked in your room, you're confined inside it.
WORD FAMILY
in: inmost+/inmost: inmostly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The day is full-fledged production, complete with corsages for lawmakers, prayers and judges swearing them in.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
That’s what happened in 2011, the last time Dayton faced full GOP control.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Parts of the South are bracing for more rain Tuesday, a day after severe storms killed four people in Alabama.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: prep. 采用（某种方式）; 穿着，带着; （表示位置）在…里面，（表示领域，范围）在…以内; （表示品质、能力等）在…之中
adv. 在家; 进入，到达; 流行; 当选
adj. 在内的，朝内的; 在位的，执政的; [口语]流行的，时髦的; （车等）到站的
n. 执政党，掌权者; 知情者; <美口>入口，门路; <体>（板球或棒球）攻球的一方
分布：执政的(25%)，进(17%)，在里面的(13%)，在家(13%)，入(8%)，在某种关系中(4%)，在某地(4%)，在 ... 方面(4%)，向里(4%)，以...的方式(4%)，新来的(4%)
→来自古英语in,里面，上面，中间，进入，来自en,进入。词义上面已由on替代。
prep.在...里(内,上);用...(表示)ad.进,入My mother is in good health.我的母亲身体很好.
preposition
INSIDE 在里面
 ESSENTIAL
■inside or towards the inside of a container, place or area, or surrounded or closed off by something 在（…）里面；在（…）内
• Put the milk back in the fridge when you've finished with it. 喝完牛奶后把它放回冰箱。
• Is Mark still in bed? 马克还在睡觉吗？
• I got stuck in a traffic jam for half an hour. 我堵车堵了半个小时。
• They live in a charming old cottage. 他们住在一间可爱的老屋内。
• How much is that coat on display in the window (= in the space behind the window of the shop) ? 橱窗内展示的那件大衣多少钱？
• I've got a pain in my back. 我背痛。
• What's that in your hand? 你手里拿的是甚么东西？
• I've got something in (= on the surface of) my eye. 我眼睛里进了东西。
• They used to live in Paris, but now they're somewhere in Austria. 他们以前住在巴黎，但现在住在奥地利的某个地方。
• He's always looking at himself in the mirror (= at the image of his face produced by the mirror). 他老是在镜子前照来照去。
• I never know what's going on in her head (= what she's thinking about). 我从来不知道她在想甚么。
• My daughter's UKin hospital/ USin the hospital having her tonsils out. 我女儿在住院切除扁桃体。
• US Is Erika still in school (= does she still go to school) ? 埃丽卡还上学吗？
[ɪn] preposition
INTO 到…里面
■into something 到…里面
• Come on, we're late - get in the car. 快点，我们迟到了——快上车。
• Put it in the cupboard. 把它放进橱柜里。
• They threw him in the swimming pool. 他们把他扔进游泳池。
[ɪn] preposition
PART 部分
 ESSENTIAL
■forming a part of something 在…中，在…内
• He used to be the lead singer in a rock 'n' roll band. 他曾是一个摇滚乐队的主音歌手。
• There are too many spelling mistakes in this essay. 这篇文章中的拼写错误太多。
• I've been waiting in this queue for ages. 我在这个队里排了很长时间了。
• What do you look for in a relationship? 你想从情爱关系中得到甚么？
• I can see a future champion in Joely (= I think that Joely might become a champion). 我觉得乔利将来会成为冠军。
• Talent like hers is rare in someone so young. 像她这样年轻又有如此才华者实属罕见。
[ɪn] preposition
DURING 在…期间
 ESSENTIAL
■during part or all of a period of time 在…期间
• We're going to Italy in April. 我们将在四月去义大利。
• Some trees lose their leaves in (the) autumn. 有些树秋天落叶。
• I started working here in 1991. 我从1991年开始在这里工作。
• Life in the 19th century was very different from what it is now. 19世纪时的生活与现在大不相同。
• Bye, see you in the morning (= tomorrow morning). 再见，明早见。
• She was a brilliant gymnast in her youth (= when she was young). 她年轻时是个优秀的体操运动员。
• How many civilians died in the Vietnam War? 越南战争中有多少平民死亡？
• This is the first cigarette I've had in three years. 这是我三年来抽的第一支烟。
• I haven't had a decent night's sleep in years/ages (= for a long time). 我很久没有好好睡过一觉了。
in between
 IMPROVER
■between the two times mentioned 在期间
• I have breakfast at 7.30, lunch at 1 o'clock and sometimes a snack in between. 我7点30分吃早餐，下午1点吃午餐，有时在两餐之间吃一点零食。
[ɪn] preposition
NO MORE THAN 不超过
 ESSENTIAL
■needing or using no more time than a particular amount of time 在…之内
• Can you finish the job in two weeks? 你能在两周内完成这项工作吗？
• She could get that essay done in a couple of hours if she really tried. 如果她真的尽力的话，她可在几小时内完成那篇文章。
• They completed the journey in record time (= faster than ever done before). 他们完成行程耗时之短前所未有。
[ɪn] preposition
BEFORE THE END 在结束之前
 ESSENTIAL
■before or at the end of a particular period 在（一段时间）结束之前（或结束时）
• Dinner will be ready in ten minutes. 晚饭将在十分钟后准备好。
• We'll all be dead in a hundred years so there's no point worrying about it. 百年后我们都已死去，因此为此担心是没有必要的。
• I'm just setting off, so I should be with you in half an hour. 我正要出发，所以我半小时后应该会到你那里。
[ɪn] preposition
EXPERIENCING 经历着
 IMPROVER
■experiencing a situation or condition, or feeling an emotion 处于…中；处于…状态
• We watched in horror as they pulled the bodies from the wreckage. 我们惊恐地看着他们把尸体从残骸中拖出来。
• He's living in luxury in the south of France. 他正在法国南部过着奢侈的生活。
• She left in a bit of a hurry. 她离开时有点匆忙。
• You're in great danger. 你很危险。
• Could I have a word with you in private? 我能私下与你谈谈吗？
• Have you ever been in love? 你谈过恋爱吗？
• Your car's in very good condition, considering how old it is. 以这么旧的汽车来说，你车的状况算是很不错的了。
[ɪn] preposition
EXPRESSED 表达的
 IMPROVER
■expressed or written in a particular way （表达或书写的方式）用，以
• Cheques should be written in ink. 支票要用墨水笔填写。
• She usually paints in watercolour. 她通常用水彩画画。
• They spoke in Russian the whole time. 他们一直用俄语交谈。
• He always talks in a whisper. 他说话时声音总是那么小。
[ɪn] preposition
RESULT 结果
 IMPROVER
■used when referring to something that is done as a result of something else （表示一事为另一事的结果）作为
• I'd like to do something for you in return / exchange for everything you've done for me. 我想为你做些事来报答你为我所做的一切。
• The changes are in response to demand from our customers. 这些变化是应我们顾客的要求而作出的。
• He refused to say anything in reply to the journalists' questions. 他拒绝对记者的提问作任何回答。
[ɪn] preposition
ARRANGEMENT 安排
 IMPROVER
■used to show how things or people are arranged or divided （表示组织或划分方式）以，按照
• We all sat down in a circle. 我们大家围坐成一圈。
• The desks were arranged in rows of ten. 课桌每十张排成一列。
• Discounts are available to people travelling in large groups. 多人组团旅游享有折扣。
• Sometimes customers buy books in twos and threes, but rarely in larger quantities than that. 有时顾客会一次买两三本书，但很少超过这个数量。
• Cut the potatoes in two. 把马铃薯切成两半。
• People are dying in their thousands from typhoid, cold and starvation. 成千上万的人死于伤寒、寒冷和饥饿。
[ɪn] preposition
AGE/TEMPERATURE 年龄／温度
 IMPROVER
■used when referring approximately to someone's age or the weather temperature （表示年龄、气温）在…左右
• Nowadays many women are in their late thirties when they have their first child. 如今许多妇女生第一胎时都已经接近40岁了。
• Temperatures will be in the mid-twenties (= about 25 degrees). 气温将在25度左右。
[ɪn] preposition
INVOLVED 参与
 ADVANCED
■involved or connected with a particular subject or activity 参与；从事；与…有关
• I never knew you were in publishing. 我以前从不知道你在出版界工作。
• a degree in philosophy 哲学学位
• advances in medical science 医学的进步
[ɪn] preposition
WEARING 穿着
 ADVANCED
■wearing 穿着
• Do you recognize that man in the grey suit? 你能认出那个穿着灰色西装的男人吗？
• Pat can't resist men in uniform. 派特抗拒不了穿制服的男人的魅力。
• You look nice in green (= green clothes). 你穿绿色衣服很好看。
[ɪn] preposition
COMPARING AMOUNTS 比较数量
 ADVANCED
■used to compare one part of an amount of something with the total amount of it （表示比率）每…中
• Apparently one in ten people/one person in ten has problems with reading. 显然，每十个人中有一个阅读有问题。
• UK The basic rate of income tax is 25 pence in (USon)the pound. 所得税基本税率是每英镑25便士。
[ɪn] preposition
CHARACTERISTIC 特征
 ADVANCED
■used to show which characteristic or part of a person or thing is being described 在…方面
• The new version is worse in every respect - I much preferred the original. 新版本在各方面都较差——我较喜欢原来的版本。
• Are the two bags equal in weight? 两个提包一样重吗？
• She's deaf in her left ear. 她左耳失聪。
[ɪn] preposition
CAUSE 原因
 ADVANCED [+ -ing verb]
■used to show when doing one thing is the cause of another thing happening 因为，由于
• In refusing (= Because she refused) to work abroad, she missed an excellent job opportunity. 由于拒绝去国外工作，她错过了一个极好的工作机会。
• The government banned tobacco advertising and, in doing so (= because of this) , contributed greatly to the nation's health. 政府禁止烟草广告，这样做对国民的健康大有裨益。
in that formal
■because 因为，由于
• This research is important in that it confirms the link between aggression and alcohol. 这项研究非常重要，因为它证实了攻击行为和酗酒之间的联系。
[ɪn] preposition
be nothing/not much/very little in it informal
■said when two things that are being compared are the same or very similar 毫无差别／相差不多／相差无几
• One house has a slightly bigger garden, but there's really not much in it. 有一间房子花园稍大一点，但其实没有甚么差别。
[ɪn] preposition
in all
■with everything added together to make a total 总共，一共
• The bill came to £25 in all. 帐单一共是25英镑。
[ɪn] preposition
in all honesty/seriousness/truthfulness
■said when expressing your opinion honestly, seriously or truthfully 老实说／严肃地说／说真的
• In all honesty, I do have some criticisms to make. 老实说，我的确要作些批评。
[ɪn] adverb
FROM OUTSIDE 从外面
 ESSENTIAL in 1 * from outside, or towards the centre
从外面；朝中间；朝里
• Could you bring the clothes in for me? 你能帮我把衣服拿进来吗？
• The roof of their house caved in during a hurricane. 他们的屋顶在飓风来袭时坍塌了。
• Cut the pastry into a square and turn in the corners. 把油酥面团切成一个小方块，然后把四角向内折起。
be in and out of somewhere informal
■to often be staying in and receiving treatment in a particular place 经常出入于，是…的常客
• She's been in and out of hospitals ever since the accident. 自从那次意外之后，她成了医院的常客。
[ɪn] adverb
AT PLACE 在某地
 ESSENTIAL
■at home or at work 在家或在工作
• When did you get home? I never heard you come in. 你是甚么时候回家的？我一直都没听见你进来。
• Mr Ellis isn't in this week. 艾理斯先生这个星期不工作。
[ɪn] adverb
INSIDE 在里面
 ESSENTIAL
■within an object, area or substance 在（某个物体、地区或物质）里面
• We've been shut in all day. 我们被关了一整天。
• Has the soup got any salt in? 这汤放盐了吗？
[ɪn] adverb
TRANSPORT 交通
 ADVANCED
■having arrived at the place where people can get on or off 到达（上下车地点）
• What time is Roz's flight due in? 罗兹的航班该甚么时候到？
[ɪn] adverb
GIVEN 交给
 ADVANCED
■given or sent to someone official in order to be read 交给，呈上，递交
• When does your essay have to be in? 你的文章要甚么时候交？
• Remember to get your application in by the end of the week. 别忘了在周末前递交申请。
[ɪn] adverb
COAST 海岸
 ADVANCED
■towards the coast, beach or harbour 接近，抵达（海岸、沙滩或港口）
• The tide comes in very quickly here and you can soon find yourself stranded. 这里的潮水涨得很快，马上你就会发现自己被困住了。
• We stood watching the ship come in. 我们站在那里看船进港。
[ɪn] adverb
COMPLETION 完成
 ADVANCED
■used to refer to an activity which makes something complete （表示完成某事物的活动）
• Just pencil in the answer unless you're sure it's correct. 如果对答案不是很确定就先用铅笔填。
• The text is finished, but the pictures will have to be pasted in later. 文字完成了，但以后还需要把图片贴上去。
• UK Would you mind filling in a questionnaire about what you watch on television? 请填写一份关于你收看的电视节目的调查问卷好吗？
[ɪn] adverb
SPORT 体育
■If the ball is in during a game of tennis or a similar sport, it has not gone outside the edges of the area on which the game is played （网球等）在界内
• I won that point, I'm telling you! The ball was definitely in! 我敢说，我赢了那一分！球肯定在界内！
■taking your turn to play, especially taking your turn to hit the ball 轮到上场（尤指击球）
• Who's in next for our team? 我们队下一个轮到谁？
• It started to rain just as our team was going in to bat. 刚轮到我们队击球就下起了雨。
[ɪn] adverb
be/get in with sb
■to be or become popular or friendly with someone 受（某人）欢迎；与（某人）关系很好
• He's trying to get in with the teachers. 他试图与老师搞好关系。
[ɪn] adverb
in on sth
■involved with or knowing about a particular activity or plan 参与；了解
• He seems to be in on everything that happens at work. 他好像对公司里发生的事无所不知。
• She's trying to get in on a research project organised by the university. 她正试图参加大学组织的一个研究专案。
[ɪn] adverb
be well in there UK informal
■to be likely to experience something good because of a situation you are in 交上好运
• She's well in there now that she's married her boss's son. 她嫁给了老板的儿子，交上好运了。
[ɪn] adjective informal
■fashionable or popular 时髦的；流行的
• High heels are in this season. 此季高跟鞋很流行。
• The new jazz club seems to be the in place to go at the moment. 这家新的爵士乐俱乐部好像是当前的热门去处。
after, in
after: 接时间点， after 7:00,
in: 接时间段 in five minutes
at, on, in
这组词都有“在……”的意思，其区别是：
at: 表地点时，指空间位置上的某一点；表时间时，指在时间上的某一时刻。
on: 表地点时，指某物与另一物表面相接触，或与某地方接壤等；表时间时，指在某一天或某一天的某个时间，尤指在星期几。
in: 表地点时，指在某一立体空间范围内；表时间时，指一段时间或与年、月、季节时间连用。
can, in
这组词都有“罐头”的意思，其区别是：
can: 为美国英语，现在英国也用。
in: 为英国英语。
prep. 按照（表示方式）；从事于；在…之内
 - within, inside
adj. 在里面的；时髦的
 - modern, fashionable, tony

Word: behemoth
Front: behemoth
[bɪˈhi:mɒθ] (13240/42472)
Vocabulary: behemoth
(once / 7828 pages)
n
You can call both a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a massive telecommunications company a behemoth. The word means something big and powerful.
Behemoth comes from the Hebrew word b'hemah meaning beast. You can use it to describe large animals or large entities that make you feel small and powerless when you have to confront them. If a behemoth of a moose charges your car, you deal with it, and then with a behemoth of an insurance company, where just finding who to talk to is nearly impossible.
WORD FAMILY
behemoth: behemoths
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I’m not a wallowing behemoth with a giant bureaucracy,” Mr. Ford said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Despite being two-thirds the size of the black behemoth, Giacomo was a mere two hours astern of Loyal over the 628 nautical mile course.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Amazon.com’s line of voice-activated artificial intelligence devices were the stars of this holiday, the e-commerce behemoth said Tuesday.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 巨兽，庞然大物
分布：庞然大物(56%)，巨兽(40%)，异常巨大的东西(4%)
→来自希伯来语，怪物。
US [-mɑ:θ] formal
noun countable
■something that is extremely large and often extremely powerful 庞然大物；强大的事物
• a grocery chain behemoth 大型连锁食品杂货店
n. 巨兽；河马
 - monster, hippopotamus
adj. 巨大的；高大的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro

Word: abate
Front: abate
[əˈbeɪt] (托宝 13243/13783 -1)
Vocabulary: abate
(once / 655 pages)
v
Something that abates becomes fewer or less intense. Your enthusiasm for skiing might abate after falling off a ski lift and getting a mouthful of snow.
Abate comes from the Old French verb abattre, "to beat down," and means to reduce or become less intense or numerous. As an intransitive verb, it is often used with something physically, emotionally, or figuratively violent, as in "the flood of fan mail began to abate." Using it transitively, if you take measures to abate pollution or noise, you reduce them. Pronounce abate with the stress on the second syllable (uh-BATE).
WORD FAMILY
abate: abatable, abated, abatement, abates, abating, abator+/abated: unabated/ abatement: abatements/unabated: unabatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But at least our global warming emissions are abating.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Some age-related declines, such as in memory and muscle coordination, didn’t abate.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
In the last ten years of her parents’ marriage, Davis said, the violence abated and they grew close.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 减少，减轻; [法]取消法令，作废
vi. 减轻; 失效
n. 减轻; 折扣
时态：abated, abating, abates
分布：减弱(68%)，缓和(17%)，消除(15%)
→前缀a-同ad-. -bate同beat, 指打压下去。
减少,减轻(a不bat+e→不再打击→减轻[痛苦]等)[bat=beat,表示"打,击"]
【参】rebate（vt 给回扣），debate（v 辩论）
【记】ab离开，ate吃eat的过去式。离开吃的，惯用的减肥方法，目的是使自己的体重（减轻），使自己的公斤数（在数量上减少）。
【区】abase（v 使谦卑）把s想象成一个人跪着
【反】augment（v 增加）；intensify（v 加强）；promote（v 促进）；increase in intensity（剧烈增长）
[ə'beɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■to become less strong 减少；减弱；减轻；减退
• The storm/wind/rain has started to abate. 暴风雨／风／雨开始减弱了。
• The fighting in the area shows no sign of abating. 这个地区的战事没有任何缓和的迹象。
⇒ See also unabated
vt. 减轻；减少；废除
 - moderate, allay
vi. 减轻；失效
 - to alleviate, ease off

Word: wisp
Front: wisp
[wɪsp] (13203/20973 -1)
Vocabulary: wisp
(once / 2327 pages)
1n 2n
A wisp is a thin bit or thread of something. Even after you put out a campfire, there may be little wisps of smoke in the air above it.
Tiny pieces of hair escaping your ponytail are wisps, and tufts of clouds or fog are also wisps. A more figurative kind of wisp, like a wisp of memory or sadness, is just the barest snippet of emotion. A wisp of a child is a tiny girl or boy, and a wisp of hay is used to dry a horse — this is actually the original, 14th century meaning of wisp, related to the Swedish visp, "bundle of hay."
WORD FAMILY
wisp: wisplike, wisps, wispy +/ wispy: wispier, wispiest, wispily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another left Cambridge, Mass., following a wisp of a clue about where Skip James might be.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Radiant wisps dart through the air; clouds of light and color accompany curses and charms.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
A live video feed on the website of the Wisp Resort in McHenry shows snow covering the landscape.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 小捆; 小束; 小缕
vt. 把…卷成小把
vi. 一缕缕地飘动
分布：一缕(60%)，小束(16%)，扎成束(8%)，瘦小的人(8%)，一缕缕地飘动(8%)
→可能来自weis,弯，转，缠绕，来自wei的扩大形式，词源同wire,wine.用来指小捆，小束干草等。
noun countable
wisp of cloud/smoke/steam
■a small, thin line of cloud/smoke/steam 一缕云／烟／蒸汽
• A blue wisp of cigarette smoke curled in the air. 香烟冒出的一缕青烟在空中缭绕。
wisp of hair/grass, etc.
■a thin, delicate piece of hair/grass, etc 一绺头发／一小束青草等
• A few wisps of hay still clung to her skirt. 她的裙子上仍然粘着几根干草。
• soft wisps of baby hair 几绺柔软的婴儿头发
n. 小捆；小束
 - packet, fasciculus

Word: attendant
Front: attendant
[əˈtendənt] (研六托雅 5430/7630 -2)
Vocabulary: attendant
(once / 261 pages)
nadj
An attendant is someone present at a meeting or event. A flight attendant, for example, tends to the needs of passengers on a plane trip.
The word attendant has to do with being present. An attendant on a flight is present to help you if you need anything. An attendant event is one that happens in the presence of another event. In other words, it can mean "accompanying." An illness can have attendant symptoms that go along with it. Remember that the word ends in -ant.
WORD FAMILY
attendant: attendants+/ attend: attendance, attendant, attended, attender, attending, attends, attention, attentive / attendance: attendances, nonattendance/attended: unattended/attender: attenders, nonattender/ attention: attentional, attentions, inattention / attentive: attentively, attentiveness, inattentive / inattention: inattentions/ inattentive: inattentively, inattentiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jasmine, a flight attendant from Tacoma; and Taylor, a mental-health counselor from Seattle.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Locker-room attendants reported that Jordan Spieth’s nameplate disappeared within 30 minutes of his wrapping up his eight-stroke victory last January.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Many were wheelchair attendants and baggage handlers working for Huntleigh USA, a Texas-based company that workers specifically targeted that day.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 服务人员，侍者; 随从，随员; 伴随物
adj. 伴随的，随之而产生的; 出席的; 护理的
分布：服务员(72%)，伴随的(12%)，侍从(9%)，伴随物(4%)，出席者(3%)
出席的n.随从(attend+ant人)[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
n.陪从;出席人;服务员a.出席的;伴随的The attendants attend the meeting and pretend to be attentive.侍从们出席会议并装出专注的样子.
noun countable
■someone whose job is to be in a place and help visitors or customers 服务员；侍者
• a cloakroom/museum attendant 衣帽间服务员／博物馆解说员
■someone whose job is to travel or live with an important person and help them （要人的）侍从，随从
• The Prince was followed by his attendants. 王子由其侍从陪同。
[ə'ten.dənt] adjective formal
■coming with a stated thing or resulting from it 伴随的；随之而产生的
• debt and its attendant problems 负债和随之而生的问题
• There are too many risks attendant on such a large investment of money. 这样巨额的投资伴随太多的风险。
■present with someone to help them, or present at an event, place, etc. 伺候的；护理的；到场的
• attendant staff 服务人员
• the attendant crowd/fans 在场群众／爱好者
attendant, servant, waiter
这组词都有“服务员”的意思，其区别是：
attendant: 多指跟随某人并为其服务的人。也可指一般意义的“服务员”。
servant: 指吃住在他人家为挣工资而干活的人，也指被雇用的人或指广义的“公仆”。
waiter: 指在饭店、旅馆等处的男服务员，女服务员为waitress。
attendant, audience, spectator
attendant: 护理人员，服务员；
audience: 参加play或concert的人；
spectator: 参加game的人
adj. 伴随的；侍候的
 - accompanied
n. 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从
 - waiter, suite

Word: infuriate
Front: infuriate
[ɪnˈfjʊərieɪt] (宝 13254/14099 -1)
Vocabulary: infuriate
(once / 1544 pages)
v
Different things infuriate different people: whatever makes you angry, mad, or ticked off infuriates you.
Fury is a word for "anger" that should help with this word: to infuriate is to fill someone with fury, i.e., anger. Unless you're new to the planet, you've probably noticed many things that are infuriating: people talking too loudly on their phones, the cancellation of your favorite TV show, stepping in a puddle, someone stealing from you, stubbing your toe. These annoying events could infuriate anyone. Sometimes you might infuriate someone else by accident. Like it or not, we all infuriate someone sometime.
WORD FAMILY
infuriate: infuriated, infuriates, infuriating, infuriation+/ infuriated: infuriatedly/ infuriating: infuriatingly/infuriation: infuriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Army Corps of Engineers thrilled protesters and infuriated the company building the pipeline by announcing that it would explore other routes for the project.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The United States abstained from the resolution, infuriating Mr. Netanyahu.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Boyd was unruffled by being targeted, although he was infuriated at times by his teammates' failure to back up his pressing of the Hearts centre-backs.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使大怒，激怒
adj. 狂怒的
时态：infuriated, infuriating, infuriates
分布：激怒(84%)，狂怒的(16%)
→in-,进入，使，fury,愤怒。
【记】in进入，furi＝fury（n 狂怒；狂暴），ate－进入狂怒状态
US [-'fjʊr.i-] verb transitive
■to make someone extremely angry 使大怒，激怒
• His sexist attitude infuriates me. 他歧视女性的态度让我很生气。
vt. 激怒；使大怒
 - anger, enrage
adj. 狂怒的
 - rageful, furious

Word: beneath
Front: beneath
[bɪˈni:θ] (高研四托 1977/1890 -K3)
Vocabulary: beneath
(once / 70 pages)
adv
Things that are under something else are beneath it. A star gazer is beneath the night sky, and tropical fish swim beneath the surface of the water.
When one apple hangs lower on a tree than another, the first apple is beneath the second. You can also use the adjective beneath in a figurative way, to describe something that ranks lower or has a low worth or status: "He didn't want to play soccer at all, because he thought the Junior Varsity team was beneath him." The Old English root is beneoðan, combining be-, "by," and neoðan, "below."
WORD FAMILY
beneath
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beneath brightly colored pictures featuring a wounded heart with wings, a chorus of students sang Michael Jackson’s “Man in the Mirror.”
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
She gestured toward her family, sitting beside her beneath the painted angels.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
I sometimes wonder why I responded this way, and what lies beneath a lie.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: prep. 在…的下方; （表示等级）低于; （表示状态）在…掩饰之下; （表示环境）在…影响之下
adv. 在下面; 在底下
分布：不值得(53%)，在底下(16%)，在下方(16%)，低于...(5%)，被...覆盖(5%)，在 ... 之下(5%)
→前缀be-, 强调。neath, 下面，同nether, 下面的。
在下面(be+neath下面)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
prep.在...下边,在...之下ad.在下方The sun is now beneath the horizon.太阳此刻落到地平线下了.
preposition
BELOW 在下面
 IMPROVER
■in or to a lower position than, under 在…下方；到…下方
• Jeremy hid the letter beneath a pile of papers. 杰瑞米把信藏在一叠文件下面。
• We huddled together for warmth beneath the blankets. 我们裹着毛毯，挤成一堆取暖。
• After weeks at sea, it was wonderful to feel firm ground beneath our feet once more. 在海上呆了数星期后，双脚再次接触坚实土地的感觉真棒。
• Emma was so tired and hungry that her legs were beginning to give way beneath her (= she was about to fall over). 爱玛又累又饿，双脚已经开始发软了。
[bɪ'ni:θ] preposition
NOT GOOD ENOUGH 不够好
be beneath you
■If someone thinks an activity is beneath them, they think they should not have to do it because they are too important or too clever 对…来说不够好
• Office work of any description he felt was beneath him. 他觉得做任何办公室的工作都有失他的身份。
[bɪ'ni:θ] adverb
■below
• She looked out of the window at the children playing beneath. 她从窗户看着孩子们在下面玩耍。
under, below, underneath, beneath
这组词都有“在……下面”的意思，其区别是：
under: 普通用词，与over相对，指在某物的正下方，含垂直在下的意思。
below: 指位置低于某物或在某物下方，但不一定在正下方，所指范围较宽。
underneath: 书面口语均用，也常与beneath和under换用，但更含遮蔽的意味。
beneath: 书面用词，指紧挨……之下，其反义词是on。
prep. 在…之下
 - neath
adv. 在下方
 - under

Word: savvy
Front: savvy
[ˈsævi] (宝 9659/39765)
Vocabulary: savvy
(once / 3422 pages)
nv
You are known as someone with a lot of business savvy, but only because you've managed to keep your staggering debts a secret. Which is actually pretty savvy. Someone who is savvy is shrewd and perceptive.
Most English words stem directly from other European languages, like French and Latin. Not savvy. It comes from the West Indies, a twist on the French savez vous? — “Do you know?” Savvy was first recorded in its adjective form in 1905. Synonyms for the noun form include acumen, discernment, grasp, perception, and sharpness.
WORD FAMILY
savvy: savvied, savvier, savvies, savviest, savvying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their mission: to promote Mr. Xi and the ruling Communist Party in a voice that resonates with China’s digitally savvy millennials.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
As savvy politicians, they are exploiting the American election for their own purposes.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Added senior linebacker Brandon Bell: “He’s really savvy. He moves better than you want him to. … It will definitely be a test.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 知道，了解
n. 机智; 头脑; 理解; 悟性
adj. 有见识的，懂实际知识的，通情达理的
时态：savvied, savvying, savvies
分布：悟性(43%)，理解(20%)，机智的(13%)，理解能力(10%)，常识(9%)，有常识的(5%)
→加勒比混杂英语，借自法语 savez-vous,是否知道，来自 savez,知道，词源同 savant,vous,你， 词源同 rendezvous.电影《加勒比海盗》中杰克船长口头禅。
【记】savv＝saw锯，y：发明锯子的鲁班－有才智的
【反】tactless（adj 不老练的）；simplicity（n 头脑简单；直率）
['sæv.i] informal
noun uncountable
■practical knowledge and ability 常识；知识；能力
• She hasn't got much savvy. 她的水准还不够。
• business savvy 专业知识
n. 悟性；理解能力
 - savey
vt. 理解；懂
 - see, absorb, read, seize
vi. 理解；知道
 - cotton on, get at

Word: expatriate
Front: expatriate
[ˌeksˈpætriət] (宝 13251/10531 -1)
Vocabulary: expatriate
(once / 4043 pages)
nv
An expatriate is someone who lives in another country by choice. If you leave your split-level ranch in Ohio and move to a writers' commune in Paris for good, you've become an expatriate.
Expatriate can also be a verb, so that American in Paris has expatriated. There was a scene of expatriates, or expats, living in Paris in the roaring '20s that included writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Gertrude Stein. The word used to mean to get kicked out of your native country — it's from the French word expatrier which means "banish." The prefix ex means "out of" and the Latin patria "one's native country," but the word took a turn and now refers to people who left without getting shoved out.
WORD FAMILY
expatriate: expatriated, expatriates, expatriating, expatriation+/expatriation: expatriations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A statement reminded U.S. citizens that extremists “are continuing aggressive efforts to conduct attacks in areas where U.S. citizens and expatriates reside or frequent.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Exchange houses allow millions of expatriate workers to send money home.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Steve Bellinger, a British expatriate who runs a local B&B with his wife, summed up the local people for us.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 侨民，移居国外者; 被逐出国外者
adj. 移居国外的; 被逐出国外的
vi. 移居国外，放弃原国籍
vt. 使移居国外，使放弃国籍; 放逐，流放
时态：expatriated, expatriating, expatriates
分布：移居外国者(100%)
→ex-, 向外。-patri, 父亲，祖国，词源同father. 即离开祖国的人。
把…逐出国外(ex出+patri父亲;祖国+ate→(逐)出祖国)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
【记】ex出，patri父亲，国家－走出国家－（强迫＝自动）出国
【参】patriotism（n 爱国心；爱国精神）；patricide（n 杀父）
US [-'speɪ.tri-] noun countable (informal expat)
■someone who does not live in their own country （旅居国外的）侨民
• A large community of expatriates has settled there. 已经有一大批侨民在那边定居了。
UK [ek'spæt.ri.ət] US [-'speɪ.tri-] verb transitive UK [ekˈspæt.ri.eɪt] US [-ˈspeɪ.tri-] formal
■to use force or law to remove someone from their own country （强行或依法）把（某人）逐出本国，使移居国外
• The new leaders expatriated the ruling family. 新的领导人把统治家族驱逐出境。
vt. 使移居国外；流放，放逐；使放弃国籍
 - transport, banish

Word: sheltered
Front: sheltered
[ˈʃeltəd] (托 13256/7692 -1)
Back: adj. 受庇护的; 免税的; （尤指为病弱者）提供食宿的; 提供抚养方便的
v. 庇护( shelter的过去式和过去分词)
分布：遮蔽的(75%)，动词shelter的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
US [-tˌɚd] adjective
■protected from wind, rain or other bad weather 受庇护的，不受坏天气侵袭的
• We found a sheltered spot (= place) to have our picnic. 我们找到了一个能避雨的地方野餐。
UK ['ʃel.təd] US [-tˌɚd] adjective
have/lead a sheltered life disapproving
■to have a life in which you are protected too much and experience very little danger, excitement or change 过着备受呵护的生活
• Until going to university, she had led a very sheltered life. 上大学之前，她过着衣食无忧的生活。
adj. 受保护的；掩蔽的；免税的；为弱者提供方便的
 - protected, untaxed

Word: nascent
Front: nascent
[ˈnæsnt] (宝 13253/19301)
Vocabulary: nascent
(once / 5078 pages)
adj
Nascent describes the birth or beginning of something, for example a civilization, a trend, an idea, or an action. It can also imply a future promise, like the nascent government of a new country.
You’re in the future looking back at the first time you learned the definition of the word nascent. Your nascent efforts to use the word felt awkward, but you quickly felt comfortable with it, especially after you learned how to pronounce it: “NAY-sent.” Now you use the word all the time: "the nascent hopes of your little sister;" your "nascent hula hooping gang;" and "a nascent confidence in your vocabulary."
WORD FAMILY
nascent: nascency
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first 25 games or so are ruled by the passion and intensity of a nascent season.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nascent republic soon shattered and Yuan crowned himself emperor.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Among them are the nascent campaigns for both California and Texas to secede from the United States.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 初期的; 初生的; 开始形成的; 发生中的
分布：新生的(90%)，尚不成熟的(6%)，尚不发达的(4%)
→来自拉丁语nasci,出生，来自gen,生育，词源同gene,natal,native.
【记】读：拿cent（n 硬币），处于拿爸妈钱的年龄－初生的
【参】renascent（adj 复活的）；nascency（n 起源）
【反】fully established（完全形成的）；mature（adj 成熟的）；moribund（adj 垂死的）
['næs.ənt] ['neɪ.sənt] formal
adjective
■only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly 新生的，萌芽的；开始发展的
• a nascent political party 新成立的政党
• a nascent problem 新出现的问题
adj. [生物] 初期的；开始存在的，发生中的
 - earlier, young

Word: electrician
Front: electrician
[ɪˌlekˈtrɪʃn] (研六雅 13255/11372 -1)
Vocabulary: electrician
(once / 5221 pages)
n
An electrician is a person whose job involves fixing or installing electrical wiring systems. If you keep blowing fuses in your kitchen, you may need to hire an electrician to fix your house's wiring.
While electricians also work on airplanes, ships, and various kinds of machines, most electricians do their job in houses and buildings that are wired for electricity to run lights, appliances, computers, and other gadgets. To work as an electrician, you need to be trained and licensed, which is especially important because of how dangerous electricity can be. In the 18th century, electricians were "scientists concerned with electricity," but by the late 1800s they were "electrical technicians."
WORD FAMILY
electrician: electricians+/ electric: electrical, electrically, electrician, electricity, electrics/ electricity: electricities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Priebus grew up in historically Democratic blue-collar Kenosha, the son of a German American electrician father and a Greek mother born in Africa.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Inside, carpenters, electricians and designers scrambled to complete work on the $7.5 million lodge in the run-up to its official opening late last month.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
An electrician working in the 9200 block of Corporate Boulevard on Wednesday was knocked unconscious after accidentally touching an electrified line.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 电工，电气技师
分布：电工(93%)，电气技师(7%)
n.电学家,电工Her father's an electrician by trade.她父亲是当电工的.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who puts in and checks electrical wires 电工；电气技师
n. 电工；电气技师
 - wireman, electrochemical engineering

Word: minuscule
Front: minuscule
[ˈmɪnəskju:l] (托宝 13257/18985)
Vocabulary: minuscule
(once / 11808 pages)
1adj 2adjn
When something is teeny tiny, it is minuscule. If your mother calls your miniskirt minuscule, it probably means she wants you to change into something a bit less revealing.
In minuscule, you see the word, minus, which means lesser. The word minuscule has its roots in the Latin expression minuscula littera, a phrase used to describe the smaller letters in text. In the late 1800s, the use of the word expanded to mean very small in general — so the definition of minuscule became less minuscule.
WORD FAMILY
minuscule: minuscular, minuscules
USAGE EXAMPLES
In truth, customers lost only $1.5 million, which, if we’re being honest, is minuscule for a bank the size of Wells Fargo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
I’ll need tiny miner’s helmet for light and a minuscule bulldozer.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Cider orchards are a minuscule portion of that, but they’re increasing.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 非常小的，极不重要的
分布：很小的(46%)，小写字(36%)，小写字的(18%)
→来自拉丁语minus,较小的，较少的，-cul,小词后缀，词源同molecule.即相当小的，极小的。
极小的(min+uscule表形容词或名词→小的→极小的)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
【记】min小
【参】minuet（n 米奴哀小步舞）
【反】gargantuan（adj 巨大的）；lengthy document（冗长的文件）
adjective
■extremely small 微小的，极小的
• All she gave him to eat was two minuscule pieces of toast. 她只给他吃了两小片烤面包。
adj. 极小的；用草写小字写的
 - itty-bitty, teeny

Word: tropics
Front: tropics
['trɒpɪks] (托 13268/16084 -1)
Back: n. 热带地区; 回归线( tropic的名词复数); 热带，热带地方
分布：热带(99%)，名词tropic的复数形式.(1%)
N-PLURAL
热带地区
The tropics are the parts of the world that lie between two lines of latitude, the tropic of Cancer, 23½˚ north of the equator, and the tropic of Capricorn, 23½˚ south of the equator.
n. 热带地区
 - tropical region

Word: elitist
Front: elitist
[ɪ'li:tɪst] (13216/15703 -1)
Vocabulary: elitist
(once / 19003 pages)
n
Elitist is another word for snob.If you wear only the finest silk suits, expect caviar at every meal, and refuse to speak to anyone who doesn't have a PhD, then you might be an elitist.
A fairly recent addition to the English language, the noun elitist, came about from a mix of elite + ist in 1950. Carlyle, Freud, and Nietzsche were all considered to be the original elitists. Elite, from which elitist was formed, evolved much earlier, in 1823, from the French élite, meaning “selection, choice.” Synonyms for elitist include highbrow, pompous person, social climber, and stuffed shirt.
WORD FAMILY
elitist: elitists+/ elite: elitely, elites, elitism / elitism: elitist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mather Brown’s depiction, he’s all bouffant wig and ruffles, encased, it would seem, in an elitist bubble.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He framed protesters as elitists or foreign agents.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Data from Google Books show the plural word “elites” beginning to be used in about 1940, with the obviously pejorative “elitist” rising from about 1960.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 优秀人才的; 杰出者的
n. 优秀人材; 杰出人物; 杰出人物统治论的鼓吹者
分布：杰出人物(100%)
[ɪ'li:.tɪst] mainly disapproving
adjective
■organized for the good of a few people who have special interests or abilities 精英统治；精英主义
• Many remember sport at school as elitist, focusing only on those who were good at it. 在很多人的记忆中，学校体育的导向是精英主义的，被关注的仅仅是那些有特长的人。
[ɪ'li:.tɪst] mainly disapproving
noun countable mainly disapproving
■someone who believes that something should be controlled by the richest or best educated group in a society 杰出人物统治论者
• Hollywood elitists who give millions of dollars to the Democrat party 好莱坞那些名流向民主党捐赠了上百万美元。
n. 优秀人材；杰出人物
 - worthy, out-and-outer

Word: one-man
Front: one-man
[ˈwʌnˌmæn] (-1)
Back: adj. 个人的; 仅一人的; 仅供一人的; 只关于一个人的
分布：一个人的(100%)
ADJ
单人表演的
A one-man performance is given by only one man rather than by several people.
例：I saw him do his one-man show in London, which I loved.我在伦敦看过他的独角戏，非常喜欢。
ADJ
一个人经营（或控制）的
A one-man organization, such as a business or type of government, is controlled by one person, rather than by several people.
例：It has grown from a one-man business to a multi-million dollar business with close to $10 million in assets...它已从一个人经营的生意发展成资产规模近千万、业务额达数百万美元的公司。
例：He established one-man rule in his country seven months ago.他7个月前在自己的国家建立了个人统治。
adj. 个人的；仅一人的；仅供一人的
 - personal, individual, subjective

Word: marinate
Front: marinate
[ˈmærɪneɪt] (13230/25621 -1)
Vocabulary: marinate
(once / 18240 pages)
v
When you marinate food, you let it sit in a flavorful liquid before cooking it. You might marinate fish in soy sauce before putting it on the grill.
The liquid used to marinate meat, fish, or vegetables is called a "marinade," and it usually includes some acidic ingredient like lemon juice or vinegar that helps the flavors penetrate the food. When you marinate chicken or tofu or beef, it becomes more moist and delicious after you cook it. The French root, mariner, means "to pickle in sea brine."
WORD FAMILY
marinate: marinated, marinates, marinating
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is, instead, a music-business comedy marinated in specificity and local flavor, set in a real place with realistic people trying to get by.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
We start with deep-fried spareribs marinated in fermented tofu, which play beautifully against spears of house-pickled turnips and carrots.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Place slices in soy sauce and lemon juice and marinate for 30 minutes to an hour.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…浸泡于腌泡汁中
vi. 浸泡在卤汁中
时态：marinated, marinating, marinates
分布：动词(79%)，名词(21%)
→来自marine,海的，海水的，-ate,使。比喻用法。
用盐水泡(marin+ate→放在海水中)[Marin=sea,表示"海洋"]
V-ERG
用腌汁浸泡;腌泡
If you marinate meat or fish, or if it marinates, you keep it in a mixture of oil, vinegar, spices, and herbs, before cooking it, so that it can develop a special flavour.
例：Marinate the chicken for at least 4 hours...把鸡肉腌泡至少4小时
例：Put it in a screw-top jar with French dressing and leave to marinate.将它与法式色拉调料一同放入一只带螺旋盖的罐中腌泡。

Word: geneticist
Front: geneticist
[dʒəˈnetɪsɪst] (13239/23779)
Back: n. 遗传学者
分布：遗传学家(100%)
US [-'netˌ-] noun countable
■a person whose job is studying genetics 遗传学家

Word: fanfare
Front: fanfare
[ˈfænfeə(r)] (宝 13260/19181 -1)
Vocabulary: fanfare
(once / 6009 pages)
1n 2n
Fanfare is a loud, proud burst of something to get attention. If you open up a carpet store with one of those sky-sweeping lights, lots of balloons, and a brass band, you’re doing it with great fanfare.
Originally fanfare meant a short burst of music played by trumpeters, usually when someone important entered a room. But these days we describe anything as fanfare that has the same feeling as a burst of trumpets. If you’re a TV executive with a new show you think is going to be a big hit, roll it out with fanfare–—ad campaigns, billboards, celebrity parties!
WORD FAMILY
fanfare: fanfares
USAGE EXAMPLES
For instance, if there is a rap musical written about a Founding Father, it will close promptly after three days to no fanfare at all.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It starts with a call-to-attention fanfare, sputtering and slightly askew.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He said Michael donated to causes without fanfare.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 喧耀; 号角齐鸣
分布：〈非正式〉炫耀(100%)
→拟声词，模仿号角齐鸣的声音。
【源】原指：引导某人进场或宣布节目开始时的嘹亮的喇叭声
【记】fan迷，fare车船费：（场景）球迷变卖家当花了车船费到韩国看中国对巴西，还能在公众前夸耀：我是韩国双飞！
US [-fer] noun countable
■a loud short piece of music played usually on a trumpet and to introduce the arrival of someone important （通常指宣布重要人物到场的）号角齐鸣
n. 吹牛，炫耀；喇叭或号角嘹亮的吹奏声
 - display, blague

Word: corrective
Front: corrective
[kəˈrektɪv] (13214/15276 -1)
Back: adj. 矫正的; 惩治的
n. 矫正物; 改善法; 补救药
分布：纠正的(31%)，矫正的(26%)，改正的(24%)，矫正物(19%)
adjective
■intended to improve a situation 改正的，纠正的
• corrective measures/action 纠正措施／行为
■describes something that is intended to cure a medical condition （医疗）矫正的
• corrective surgery 矫正手术
adj. 矫正的；惩治的
 - rectificatory, remedial

Word: father-in-law
Front: father-in-law
['fɑ:ðə(r) ɪn lɔ:] (四六 -1)
Back: n. 岳父; 公公; 继父
分布：岳父(50%)，公公(50%)
→即法律意义上的父亲。
US [-ðɚ.ɪn.lɑ:] (plural fathers-in-law)
noun countable
■the father of the person you are married to 岳父；公公
n. 岳父；公公；继父
 - step-father

Word: glint
Front: glint
[glɪnt] (13191/16324 -1)
Vocabulary: glint
(once / 1598 pages)
1nv 2v
A glint is a brief flash or flicker of light. You might enjoy gazing at the glint of light on the water as you lie on the beach in the summer time.
You can use the word glint as a noun or a verb: your brother's braces might glint in the afternoon sun, and freshly fallen snow sometimes glints under streetlamps at night. Glint is a Scottish word, first coined in the late 1700s, that comes from the Middle English glenten, "gleam, flash, or glisten." Its ultimate root is Scandinavian, possibly from the same root as the word glass.
WORD FAMILY
glint: glinted, glinting, glints
USAGE EXAMPLES
It refers to high dynamic range, which allows images to appear more vibrant and detailed - especially in scenes containing both glints of light and shadows.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
I couldn’t see what was inside, just a glint, like the flicker of a star.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She used the entire package, and when she was done not a single blade glinted in the hallway lights.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 闪烁，闪光; 窥视; （箭一样）飞出; 使发光，使闪光
n. 闪光，闪耀; 短暂微弱的显露; （雷达的）回波起伏
vi. 闪烁; （光线）反射; 闪闪发光
时态：glinted, glinting, glints
分布：闪烁(63%)，闪闪发光(20%)，闪耀(17%)
→来自ghel, 照耀，发光，词源同glass, gold.
verb intransitive
■to produce small bright flashes of light reflected from a surface （由于表面反射而）闪烁，闪光
• The stream glinted in the moonlight. 月光下溪流闪着粼粼波光。
• A large diamond glinted on her finger. 她手指上一颗硕大的钻戒闪闪发光。
■When someone's eyes glint, they look bright, expressing a strong emotion （眼睛）闪闪发光
• She smiled at him, her eyes glinting with mischief. 她向他微笑，眼神里透着调皮。
[glɪnt] noun countable usually singular
■when something glints 闪烁，闪光
• the glint of a knife 刀子的闪光
• a mischievous glint in his eye 他眼中闪烁的调皮光芒
n. 闪烁；闪光
 - scintillation, lambency
vi. 闪烁；（光线）反射；闪闪发光
 - reflect, spark
vt. 使闪光；使发光
 - flash, fire

Word: crazed
Front: crazed
[kreɪzd] (13259/19569 -1)
Back: adj. 疯狂的; 有裂纹的
分布：疯狂的(85%)，表面有裂纹的(5%)，表示“对…狂热的”(5%)，动词craze的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
adjective
■behaving in a wild or strange way, especially because of strong emotions or extreme pain （尤指因情感强烈或极度痛苦而）狂野的，疯狂的，狂热的
• a crazed expression 狂野的表情
• He became crazed with anger/jealousy/pain. 他愤怒／嫉妒／痛苦得发疯。
• The horses bolted, crazed with fear. 马受了惊，狂奔起来。
adj. 疯狂的；癫狂的
 - possessed, mad, insane

Word: two-dimensional
Front: two-dimensional
[ˈtu:dɪˈmenʃənəl, -daɪ-] None
Vocabulary: two-dimensional
(once / 31858 pages)
adj
Two-dimensional things are flat — they can be measured in length and width, but they have no depth. Geometrical shapes like squares, circles, and polygons are all two-dimensional.
A sheet of paper may seem to be two-dimensional, but because it does have a measurable (if tiny) depth, it's actually three-dimensional. Your dog is also three-dimensional, but a picture of him on your computer screen is two-dimensional. You can also use this mathematical adjective to mean "superficial," or "shallow." A bad guy in a movie might be described as a two-dimensional character, for example, since he seems to have "no depth."
WORD FAMILY
two-dimensional: two-dimensionality
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s a bit like skate-parking through a two-dimensional obstacle course.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Boeing, which refers to its two-dimensional system as “assisted reality,” cut production time by 25% and reduced errors to zero after using the system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
He defined the career stages of any minority actor: “Stage one is the two-dimensional stereotype – the minicab driver/terrorist/cornershop owner.”
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 两维的，没有深度感觉的
分布：两维的(50%)，没有深度感觉的(50%)
adjective
SHAPE 形状
■flat, having width and length but not depth 二维的，平面的
[ˌtu:.daɪ'ment.ʃən.əl] adjective
TOO SIMPLE 太简单的 disapproving
■A person or story which is two-dimensional is too simple, showing little deep, serious thought and understanding （人或故事）无深度的，肤浅的，浅薄的
• I didn't believe in any of the characters in the book - they were somehow two-dimensional. 我不相信书中的任何人物——他们被刻划得都有点肤浅。
adj. [数] 二维的；缺乏深度的
 - planar, bidimensional

Word: psychotic
Front: psychotic
[saɪˈkɒtɪk] (13266/17007 -1)
Vocabulary: psychotic
(once / 10736 pages)
adjn
As an adjective, psychotic describes something that is of or related to an abnormal mental condition often characterized by delusions or hallucinations. Psychotic episodes, for example, are periods of mental instability when people lose contact with reality.
Psychotic is based on the Greek word psykhe, which means mind. As a noun, psychotic is a person suffering from psychosis — that is delusions, hallucinations, or any mental state that includes a loss of reality. Although the noun officially refers to the medical diagnosis, it is sometimes used as a slang to refer to anyone behaving in an erratic manner: "Your friend is a total psychotic! He was jumping on the tables at lunch and shouting song lyrics."
WORD FAMILY
psychotic: antipsychotic, psychotically, psychotics+/antipsychotic: antipsychotics/ psychosis: psychoses, psychotic
USAGE EXAMPLES
Relatives said he suffered from schizophrenia and other psychotic problems.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Mr. Zorn, 63, a longtime fixture of downtown Manhattan, is known for composing frenzied, explosive music, riots of psychotically bright colors.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
The grandmother’s psychotic episodes - involving fires and fantasy; disappearances and delusions - push Mike’s grandfather to the limit as he struggles to keep the family intact.
Washington Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 精神病的; 患精神病的
n. 精神病患者; 疯子
分布：精神病患者(58%)，精神病的(42%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-otic,形容词后缀。
精神病人(psych精神+ot+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
US [-'kɑ:.tˌɪk] adjective
■suffering from psychosis (= severe mental disease) 精神病的，患精神病的
• a psychotic disorder 精神错乱
• His dislike of women bordered on the psychotic. 他对女性的厌恶已经接近了精神病的边缘。
adj. 精神病的
 - insane, phrenetic
n. 精神病患者；疯子
 - mental, madman

Word: mainstay
Front: mainstay
[ˈmeɪnsteɪ] (13265/14440 -1)
Vocabulary: mainstay
(once / 5373 pages)
1n 2n
A mainstay is something that acts as a source of support for a community. If your hometown's economy depends on tourists visiting every summer, you could say that tourism is the mainstay of your town.
A mainstay holds everything together, whether it's your grandmother who acts as the anchor of your whole crazy family, a pillar that physically keeps a building from falling down, or the job that enables you to pay your rent every month. The noun mainstay is originally a nautical term meaning the rope that stabilizes two masts on a sailboat, and since the 1780s it's been used to mean "chief support."
WORD FAMILY
mainstay: mainstays
USAGE EXAMPLES
It became a mainstay at beer keggers, where its size, typically 16 ounces, durability and opacity were prized attributes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
From an early age, she was a mainstay of the church choir in Ponca City, Okla., where her family moved in 1948.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A mainstay of the industry, the business involves delivering gas by truck to customers within a radius of a few hundred miles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 支柱，柱石; 骨干，中流砥柱; 主要的依靠; 主桅支索
分布：主要支持(100%)
→main,主要的，stay,支撑，维持。比喻用法。
noun
the mainstay of sth
■the most important part of something, providing support for everything else …的支柱；…的主要依靠
• Cattle farming is the mainstay of the country's ecomony. 养牛业是这个国家的经济支柱。
• The white blouse will be the mainstay of your wardrobe this summer. 白色短衬衫将是今年夏天你衣橱里的主要服装。
n. 支柱；中流砥柱；主要的依靠；主桅支索
 - leg, backbone, stay

Word: sprinkler
Front: sprinkler
[ˈsprɪŋklə(r)] (13261/20891)
Vocabulary: sprinkler
(once / 15951 pages)
n
A sprinkler is a garden device that sprays water onto your grass or plants. You can attach a small lawn sprinkler to a hose in your yard when your flowers are looking droopy.
Sprinklers are mainly used to irrigate, or provide water, to plants. There are complex systems of sprinklers that can be installed in the ground for a large area, like a public park or an estate's acres of lawns. The more common type of sprinkler hooks up to a hose and can be moved wherever it's needed — including in the middle of a yard for kids to run through in their bathing suits.
WORD FAMILY
sprinkler: sprinklers+/ sprinkle: sprinkled, sprinkler, sprinkles, sprinkling/sprinkling: sprinklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The building contains 24 units and was equipped with sprinklers.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There were no signs of sprinklers, fire extinguishers or a second exit.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“The fire sprinklers were not installed in the proper locations,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 洒水器，喷洒器; （建筑物内的）自动喷水灭火装置
分布：洒水车(78%)，洒水装置(22%)
→sprinkle,撒，洒，喷，-er,表物。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a piece of equipment for putting water onto fires in a lot of small drops to put them out 撒水灭火装置
■a device with a lot of small holes which you put on the end of a hose in order to water plants, grass, etc. （用于灌溉植物等的）洒水器，喷洒器
n. [环境] 洒水车； [建] 洒水器
 - watering cart, watercart

Word: wiry
Front: wiry
[ˈwaɪəri] (13236/21006)
Vocabulary: wiry
(once / 2470 pages)
adj
You can describe someone who's fairly thin and athletic as wiry. While a linebacker on a football team is typically big and broad, a marathon runner is more likely to be wiry.
The adjective wiry can be used in two different ways: first, to mean "lean and strong," like a wiry seven year-old gymnast. The second meaning is "resembling wire." You could describe your thick, impossibly curly hair as wiry, or the crazy coat of your terrier as wiry. In the late 1500s the word wiry meant "made of wire."
WORD FAMILY
wiry: wirier, wiriest, wirily, wiriness+/rewire: rewired, rewires, rewiring/unwire: unwired/wire: rewire, unwire, wired, wireless, wirer, wires, wiring, wiry /wireless: wirelesser, wirelesses, wirelessly/wirer: wirers/wiring: wirings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A black winter jacket and gray sweatpants hung on his wiry frame.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some research suggests that these wiry, cylindrical little brushes ay be even more effective than dental floss.
Time(Dec 06, 2016)
At 61, Fisher is short and wiry, with thinning gray hair swept back over a high and gently tanned forehead.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 金属丝的; 金属线制的; 铁丝似的; 瘦长结实的
级别：wirier, wiriest
分布：坚硬的(40%)，金属丝的(40%)，瘦而结实的(20%)
→来自wire,金属丝。
US ['waɪr.i] adjective
■(of people and animals) thin but strong, and often able to bend easily （人或动物）瘦而结实的
• He has a runner's wiry frame. 他的身材像跑步运动员一样瘦而结实。
■describes hair that is strong, thick and rough to touch （头发）硬的，粗硬的
adj. 金属线制的；金属丝般的；坚硬的；瘦长结实的；（噪音）尖细的
 - rigid, flinty

Word: mortal
Front: mortal
[ˈmɔ:tl] (研四六托雅 9517/9725 -2)
Vocabulary: mortal
(once / 82 pages)
adjn
You are a mortal because you are mortal. This means that you are an individual destined to die because you are susceptible to death.
The word mortal has one of the most ancient genealogies of any word in English or any other language. It is related to English words like "murder" and "mortuary," and to the French, Italian, Spanish, and Russian words for "death." Something that can kill you can also be described as mortal. If you're in mortal danger, you're in a deadly situation. Action heroes often think they are dealing their enemy a mortal blow, but sometimes the enemy manages to come back to life. People are called mortals because at some point, they die.
WORD FAMILY
mortal: immortal, mortality, mortally, mortals, postmortal+/ immortal: immortalise, immortality, immortalize, immortally, immortals/immortalise: immortalised, immortalises, immortalising/ immortality: immortalities/ immortalize: immortalized, immortalizes, immortalizing/ mortality: mortalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 致命的; 不共戴天的; 终有一死的; 极度的
n. 凡人，人类
分布：凡人(47%)，致命的(30%)，不共戴天的(11%)，极度的(6%)，终有一死的(6%)
→来自拉丁语mors,死亡，词源同murder,morbid.引申词义死亡的，终有一死的，后该词用于指凡人。比较immortal.
死的,致命的(mort+al)[mort=death,表示"死"]
a.致命的;终有一死的;人世间的n.凡人All creatures are mortal.一切生物终有死.
US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] adjective literary
■(of living things, especially people) unable to continue living forever; having to die （尤指人）终有一死的
• For all men are mortal. 人终有一死。
Compare immortal causing death 致死的，致命的
• a mortal injury/illness 致命伤／致命的疾病
• men engaged in mortal combat (= fighting until one of them dies) 进行殊死争斗的男人
• figurative New computing technology dealt a mortal blow to the power of the old printing unions. 新的电脑技术向传统印刷联合会的权威送上致命一击。
Compare lethal
mortal dread/fear/terror
■extreme anxiety about or fear of someone or something 非常担心；极度恐惧
• We live in mortal dread of further attacks. 我们生活在极度恐惧中，担心会再受袭击。
mortal enemy/danger/threat, etc.
■a very serious and dangerous enemy/danger/threat, etc. 死敌／致命的危险／严重的威胁
UK ['mɔ:.təl] US ['mɔ:r.tˌəl] noun countable mainly humorous
■an ordinary person, rather than a god or a special, important or powerful person 凡人，普通人
• The police officers guarding the door let in the celebrities, but they prevented us lesser/mere mortals from going inside. 把守大门的警官让那些名人进去，却不让我们这些普通人内进。
mortal, fatal, lethal, deadly
这组词都有“致命的”的意思，其区别是：
mortal: 语气强，指导致死亡的直接原因。
fatal: 正式用词，强调死亡的不可避免性，多用于指伤或疾病等。
lethal: 指由于某物本身具有致命的性能。
deadly: 指能致命或实际已致命的事物，也可指企图致死他人的人。
adj. 凡人的； [医] 致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的
 - kill, laical
n. 人类，凡人
 - mankind, humanity, people

Word: chemically
Front: chemically
['kemɪklɪ] (13263/15846)
Back: adv. 化学地; 化学上地; 用化学; 以化学方法
分布：用化学(60%)，以化学方法(40%)
ADJ
化学的;化学反应的;用化学方法生成的
Chemical means involving or resulting from a reaction between two or more substances, or relating to the substances that something consists of.
例：...chemical reactions that cause ozone destruction.导致臭氧受到破坏的化学反应
例：...the chemical composition of the ocean.海洋的化学成分
N-COUNT
化学品;化合物;化学制品
Chemicals are substances that are used in a chemical process or made by a chemical process.
例：The whole food chain is affected by the overuse of chemicals in agriculture.整个食物链因农业生产过程过多使用化学品而受到影响。
例：...a chemicals company.化工公司

Word: scuba
Front: scuba
['skju:bə] (托 13275/24752)
Vocabulary: scuba
(once / 26207 pages)
n
A scuba is a portable breathing device for deep sea divers. With the help of a scuba tank, divers can explore very deep parts of the ocean.
You can use scuba for the compressed air tank itself, or to describe the divers who use it — scuba divers. Most of these scuba divers use masks and wear rubber fins on their feet to propel themselves through the water. Scuba devices are useful for recreation and tasks like coast guard search and rescue operations or marine biology observations. Scuba is an acronym, standing for "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus."
WORD FAMILY
scuba
USAGE EXAMPLES
But that is changing as researchers use advanced scuba gear to dive far deeper.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Did we mark the milestone by scuba diving off the Great Barrier Reef?
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
The Foss Waterway Seaport’s Museum exhibits include “Puget Sound’s Mosquito Fleet,” maritime Lego display, “Rails to Sails,” a vintage scuba exhibition and classic recreational boats.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 水肺，便携式水下呼吸器
分布：名词(100%)
n. [水运] 水肺；水中呼吸器
 - aqualung

Word: linoleum
Front: linoleum
[lɪˈnəʊliəm] (宝 13222/22274)
Vocabulary: linoleum
(once / 18073 pages)
n
Linoleum is a sturdy, water-resistant type of floor covering. Many kitchens and bathrooms have linoleum floors, which kids love to slide across in their socks.
Linoleum, which has been around since the late 1800's, is a smooth flooring made from linseed oil and other materials like powdered cork and wood fibers. Linoleum is durable, easy to clean with a mop, and comes in many colors. It's been largely replaced by cheaper and less flammable plastics, but many people still prefer linoleum because it's organic and non-allergenic. Linoleum's inventor coined the word, a combination of the Latin for “linen or flax,” linum, and oleum, which means "oil."
WORD FAMILY
linoleum: linoleums
USAGE EXAMPLES
Just because she happened to be under his linoleum?
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Two large prints mounted on the walls are covered in linoleum scraps from the building’s floor.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
But it’s kitten heels, not combat boots, tapping cadence on the linoleum floor.
Time(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 油地毯; 油毡; 漆布; 油地毡
分布：油布(65%)，油毯(35%)
→lino-,麻布，词源同linen,ol-,油，词源同oil.引申词义油毡布。
【记】lino＝linen亚麻，leum油－在亚麻布上涂油－油毡
【参】petroleum（n 石油）
US [-'noʊ-] (UK also lino)
noun uncountable
■a stiff smooth material that is used for covering floors 合成地毡，油地毡
n. 油布；油毯； [建] 漆布
 - tarp, oilcloth

Word: nutritious
Front: nutritious
[njuˈtrɪʃəs] (托 13225/16859 -1)
Vocabulary: nutritious
(once / 4033 pages)
adj
Nutritious describes food that's good for you. Brown rice and kale are nutritious, but jelly beans, sadly, are not.
Something that provides nutrients — vitamins, minerals, and protein, for example — is nutritious. Our bodies need nutritious food to grow, heal, and stay healthy, however much we might crave tasty, non-nutritious snacks. The adjective nutritious comes from the Latin word nutritius, "that nourishes," which in turn comes from the root nutrix, "nurse."
WORD FAMILY
nutritious: nutritiously, nutritiousness+/ nutrient: nutrients/nutrify: nutrient, nutrition / nutrition: nutritional, nutritionist, nutritions, nutritious /nutritional: nutritionally/nutritionist: nutritionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
The group says the state’s residents deserve affordable housing and transportation, high-quality education, nutritious food and a decent wage.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“It’s low glycemic, sustainable and the most nutritious sweetener there is,” Schilling said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
What started with her cooking dozens of nutritious meals in her kitchen rapidly escalated into an operation to feed hundreds of people a night.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 有营养的，滋养的
分布：有营养的(86%)，滋养的(14%)
有营养的(nutrit+ious)[nutrit,nutri=nourish,表示"营养"]
有营养的(nutr营养)[-itious表形容词,-ition变化而来,表示"…的"]
US [nu:-] adjective
■containing many of the substances needed for life and growth 营养丰富的，营养价值高的
• a nutritious diet 营养丰富的饮食
• Raw spinach is especially nutritious. 生菠菜营养价值尤其高。
adj. 有营养的，滋养的
 - alible, nourishing

Word: asking
Front: asking
[ˈɑ:skɪŋ] (13279/14305)
Back: n. 问; 寻问; 请求; 要求
v. 问（ ask的现在分词 ）; 询问; 要求; 请求
分布：问(90%)，请求(8%)，寻问(1%)，好问的(1%)
VERB
问；询问
If you ask someone something, you say something to them in the form of a question because you want to know the answer.
例：'How is Frank?' he asked...“弗兰克怎么样了？”他问道。
例：I asked him his name...我询问了他的名字。
VERB
要求…（做…）；请求…（做…）
If you ask someone to do something, you tell them that you want them to do it.
例：We had to ask him to leave...我们不得不要求他离开。
例：She said she had been asked to take two suitcases to Africa by a man called Sean.她说有个名叫肖恩的男人要她带两个手提箱去非洲。
VERB
要求（做…）；请求（做…）
If you ask to do something, you tell someone that you want to do it.
例：I asked to see the Director.我要求见主任。
VERB
索要;请求，恳求（给予）
If you ask for something, you say that you would like it.
例：I decided to go to the next house and ask for food...我决定去隔壁那家要点吃的。
例：Who asked for your opinion?谁问你的意见了？
VERB
求见
If you ask for someone, you say that you would like to speak to them.
例：There's a man at the gate asking for you.门口有个人想见你。
VERB
请求，征求（许可、意见、谅解）
If you ask someone's permission, opinion, or forgiveness, you try to obtain it by putting a request to them.
例：Please ask permission from whoever pays the phone bill before making your call.打电话前请先征得话费支付方的同意。
VERB
邀请;约请
If you ask someone to an event or place, you invite them to go there.
例：Couldn't you ask Jon to the party?...你不能邀请乔恩参加聚会吗？
例：She asked me back to her house.她又邀请我去了她家。
VERB
要（价）；索（价）
If someone is asking a particular price for something, they are selling it for that price.
例：Mr Pantelaras was asking £6,000 for his collection.潘特莱拉斯先生为他的藏品要价6,000英镑。
CONVENTION
（通常用于表示对询问感到恼怒或惊讶）不要问我
You reply 'don't ask me' when you do not know the answer to a question, usually when you are annoyed or surprised that you have been asked.
例：'She's got other things on her mind, wouldn't you think?' 'Don't ask me,' murmured Chris. 'I've never met her.'“她还有别的心事，你不觉得吗？”“别问我，”克里斯嘀咕道，“我从未见过她。”
PHRASE
只要开口（便可得到）；唾手可得
If something is yours for the asking, you could get it very easily if you wanted to.
例：He knew the nomination was his for the asking.他知道只要他开口就能得到那项提名。
EXCLAM
（强调反对）请问，真是，这还了得
If you say 'I ask you', you are emphasizing how much you disapprove of someone or something.
例：That silly old bat. I ask you, who'd she think she was?那个老蠢货。我倒要问一问，她以为她是谁呀？
PHRASE
（一种正式的询问方式，表示感到困扰或心生疑虑）请问
You can say 'may I ask' as a formal way of asking a question, which shows you are annoyed or suspicious about something.
例：May I ask where you're going, sir?先生，请问您要去哪？
PHRASE
依我看；我认为
You can say 'if you ask me' to emphasize that you are stating your personal opinion.
例：He was nuts, if you ask me.要我说的话，他是个疯子。
PHRASE
自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
If you say that someone is asking for trouble or is asking for it, you mean that they are behaving in a way that makes it very likely that they will get into trouble.
例：To go ahead with the match after such clear advice had been asking for trouble.都劝说得这么明白了还要继续比赛，这简直就是自讨苦吃。
n. 请求
 - request, motion, appeal

Word: nutritionist
Front: nutritionist
[njuˈtrɪʃənɪst] (13213/23350 -1)
Back: n. 营养学家
分布：营养学家(100%)
→来自nutrition,营养。
US [nu:-] noun countable
■an expert on the subject of nutrition 营养学家
• The doctor advised him to see a nutritionist about his diet. 医生建议他向营养学家咨询一下饮食问题。
n. 营养学家
 - dietitian

Word: Filipino
Front: Filipino
[.fɪlɪ'piːnəʊ] (13229/26574)
Back: n. （西）菲律宾人；菲律宾语
adj. 菲律宾的
分布：菲律宾人(52%)，菲律宾语(21%)，菲律宾的(18%)，菲律宾人的(7%)，=Philippine.(2%)
US [-noʊ] (plural Filipinos)
noun countable
■Filipino 菲律宾

Word: molten
Front: molten
[ˈməʊltən] (托宝 13274/12612 -1)
Vocabulary: molten
(once / 2112 pages)
adj
Molten describes an object that's reduced to liquid form by heating. You're probably familiar with lava, the molten rock that explodes out of a volcano.
Molten originated from the Old English verb meltian, meaning "become liquid." It takes incredibly high temperatures to get an object that was once rock solid to be transformed into a liquid state. Something much safer than lava has made the term molten popular — molten chocolate cake. This cake has a center that's filled with hot, gooey pudding-like chocolate that oozes out. This is probably the only molten thing you'd ever want to touch.
WORD FAMILY
molten: moltenly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Either you are living or you are not. Everything else is molten, malleable.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But some fret that Iceland’s economic stability is, again, built on molten lava.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Then molten metal is then poured into this cavity and cooled until it hardens.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 熔化的，熔融的; 铸造的，浇铸的; 灼热的
分布：熔化的(73%)，炽热的(15%)，铸造的(12%)
→来自melt,熔化，融解，-en,形容词后缀。即熔化的，熔融的。
US ['moʊl-] adjective
■describes metal or rock that is in a liquid state because of great heat 熔化的，熔融的
• molten glass/lava/lead 熔融的玻璃／岩浆／铅
adj. 熔化的；铸造的；炽热的
 - fusional, fused

Word: impromptu
Front: impromptu
[ɪmˈprɒmptju:] (托雅宝 13281/15015 -1)
Vocabulary: impromptu
(once / 2582 pages)
adjadvn
Some of the best kinds of parties are impromptu ones, when you decide at the last minute to get together. The adjective impromptu describes things done or said without previous thought or preparation.
Impromptu is also used as an adverb: Most people are not able to speak impromptu in front of an audience. This word was borrowed from French, from Latin in prōmptū "at hand, in readiness" from in "in" plus prōmptū, a form of prōmptus "readiness," from prōmere "to bring forth." As you can guess from the spelling, the adjective and verb prompt is related to impromptu; they are from the same Latin verb.
WORD FAMILY
impromptu: impromptus
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death of pop icon David Bowie on 10 January set the tone, and there was an impromptu wake in Brixton, where he was born.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Russia Monday observed an official day of mourning, with residents of Moscow and other cities leaving flowers at impromptu memorials to commemorate the victims.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Latham also apologized for what he was about to do: An impromptu a cappella rendition of “Away in a Manger.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 即席的; 临时的; 无准备的
adv. 即席地; 临时地; 无准备地
n. 即兴曲; 即席演出; 即席之作; 即席演说
分布：即兴曲(43%)，即席的(37%)，即兴之作(20%)
→来自法语impromptu,准备好的，随时进入状态的，来自拉丁语in promptu,立即，马上，in,进入，里，promptu,准备好的，立即的，迅速的。现词义很大程度受到im-的否定词义的影响，不，非，见improvise.
【记】im不，promptu时间－不在安排时间之内－即席的im不，promptu＝prompt（vt 促使；给演员提示）
【反】carefully rehearsed（仔细排练的）
US [-tu:] adjective
■done or said without earlier planning or preparation 无准备的，即兴的
• an impromptu party/performance 临时晚会／即兴表演
adv. 即席地
 - extemporarily, offhandedly
adj. 即席的
 - sight, off-the-cuff

Word: nah
Front: nah
[nɑ:] (13244/17214)
Back: n. <美俚>不
→来自no的方言。
adverb slang for
■ no
adj. 没有；很少， 很小
 - no

Word: colonize
Front: colonize
[ˈkɒlənaɪz] (托宝 13280/24043 -1)
Back: vt. 将…开拓为殖民地; 从他地非法把选民移入; 移于殖民地; [生]移植植物
vi. 开拓殖民地; 移居于殖民地
时态：colonized, colonizing, colonizes
分布：开拓殖民地(60%)，移居于殖民地(40%)
→来自colony, 殖民，聚居。
US ['kɑ:.lə-] verb transitive often passive
■to send people to live in and govern another country 使殖民地化；将…建为殖民地
• Peru was colonized by the Spanish in the sixteenth century. 秘鲁在16世纪沦为西班牙的殖民地。

Word: unquestionably
Front: unquestionably
[ʌn'kwestʃənəblɪ] (托 13286/13953)
Back: adv. 毫无疑问地，确凿地
分布：无可非议地(67%)，当然地(33%)
ADJ
显然的；不容置疑的
If you describe something as unquestionable, you are emphasizing that it is so obviously true or real that nobody can doubt it.
例：He inspires affection and respect as a man of unquestionable integrity...他无可争议的忠诚正直赢得了人们的爱戴和尊敬。
例：There is an unquestionable link between job losses and deteriorating services.人员的裁减和服务质量的下降之间显然是有联系的。
adv. 无可非议地；确凿地
 - justifiably

Word: little-known
Front: little-known
['lɪtln'əʊn] None
Back: adj. 鲜为人知的
分布：很少人知的(100%)

Word: deafening
Front: deafening
[ˈdefnɪŋ] (13273/14406 -1)
Back: adj. 震耳欲聋的; 极喧闹的
n. 隔音; 隔音装置
v. 使…聋(deafen的ing形式)
分布：震耳欲聋的(93%)，极喧闹的(5%)，动词deafen的现在分词形式.(2%)
adjective
■extremely loud 震耳欲聋的，声响巨大的
• The music was deafening. 音乐声震耳欲聋。
adj. 震耳欲聋的；极喧闹的
 - ear-splitting, stunning
n. 隔音
 - acoustic insulation

Word: cardiologist
Front: cardiologist
[ˌkɑ:diˈɒlədʒɪst] (宝 13262/37603)
Vocabulary: cardiologist
(once / 12723 pages)
n
A cardiologist is a heart doctor. He or she is the one to visit if you feel a tightness in your chest and shortness of breath.
We know that the suffix -ologist refers to someone who studies some area. To that, we add cardio-, which comes from the Greek kardia, meaning "heart," and we get "someone who studies the heart." The actual study of the heart is called cardiology, with cardiologist coming along a few years later. Besides treating the heart, a cardiologist is also concerned with the circulatory system, including arteries and veins.
WORD FAMILY
cardiologist: cardiologists+/cardiology: cardiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Following a February emergency room visit, she saw a cardiologist and learned that her heart was barely pumping blood.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
One year ago, during her routine sports physical before freshman year, her pediatrician heard a heart murmur and sent Davis to see a cardiologist.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Topol, a cardiologist and professor of genomics at the Scripps Research Institute, is the author of “The Patient Will See You Now.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 心脏病专家
分布：心脏病学家(100%)
US [ˌkɑ:r.di'ɑ:.lə-] specialized
noun countable
■a heart specialist 心脏病专家

Word: borrowed
Front: borrowed
[bɒrəʊd] (13288/14119)
Back: adj. 借来的，虚构的，伪造的
v. 借，借进( borrow的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：借来的(90%)，引入的(4%)，动词borrow的过去时和过去分词形式.(3%)，抄袭的(3%)
VERB
借；借用
If you borrow something that belongs to someone else, you take it or use it for a period of time, usually with their permission.
例：Can I borrow a pen please? ...我可以借支笔吗？
例：He wouldn't let me borrow his clothes.他不愿我借他的衣服。
VERB
借（钱）；贷（款）
If you borrow money from someone or from a bank, they give it to you and you agree to pay it back at some time in the future.
例：Morgan borrowed £5,000 from his father to form the company 20 years ago...20年前摩根从他父亲那里借了5,000英镑，成立了这家公司。
例：It's so expensive to borrow from finance companies...从信贷公司借钱利息非常高。
VERB
借（书）
If you borrow a book from a library, you take it away for a fixed period of time.
例：I couldn't afford to buy any, so I borrowed them from the library.我一本书也买不起，只好从图书馆借。
VERB
采用，借用（词语、想法等）
If you borrow something such as a word or an idea from another language or from another person's work, you use it in your own language or work.
例：I borrowed his words for my book's title...我借用他的话作为我这本书的标题。
例：Their engineers are happier borrowing other people's ideas than developing their own.他们的工程师更乐于借用别人的观点，而不愿自我创新。
PHRASE
捡回一条命；余下的光阴不多；好景不长
Someone who is living on borrowed time or who is on borrowed time has continued to live or to do something for longer than was expected, and is likely to die or be stopped from doing it soon.
例：Perhaps that illness, diagnosed as fatal, gave him a sense of living on borrowed time.也许是那种被诊断为绝症的疾病让他有了时日无多之感。
adj. 借来的；虚构的
 - fictitious, imaginary
v. 借；模仿；采用（borrow的过去分词）
 - modeled, aped

Word: observance
Front: observance
[əbˈzɜ:vəns] (托雅宝 13271/12033)
Vocabulary: observance
(once / 843 pages)
1n 2n
Observance is when you obey a rule or law, or follow a long-standing tradition. If your religious observance requires you to fast for several days, you might ask your track coach to let you sit out a race.
Observance of traffic laws will usually keep you from getting expensive speeding tickets. And, practicing a religion usually includes various kinds of observance, from attending church or temple to wearing certain items of clothing. You can also use this noun to mean "watching or noticing," like a bird watcher's careful observance of a bush where he once spotted a rare finch — although this is more commonly called observation.
WORD FAMILY
observance: nonobservance, observances+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There will be no New York Today on Monday, in observance of the holiday.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This celebration is designed to appeal to those seeking a quieter Christmas observance.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Christmas Eve Mass Late-night religious observances include this solemn ceremony from St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 遵守，奉行; （宗教的，正式的）仪式; 惯例; 庆祝
分布：遵守(47%)，纪念(30%)，仪式(23%)
→来自observe,遵行，遵守。
惯例;遵守(observe+ance)[serv=serve,keep表示"服务,保持"]
US [-'zɝ:-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone obeys a law or follows a religious custom （对法律或宗教习俗的）遵守，奉行
• Religious observances such as fasting can be hard to follow. 像斋戒这样的宗教习俗很难遵行。
n. 惯例；遵守；仪式；庆祝
 - tradition, convention, usage, ceremony, festival

Word: inconceivable
Front: inconceivable
[ˌɪnkənˈsi:vəbl] (托 13249/11355 -1)
Vocabulary: inconceivable
(once / 1187 pages)
adj
If something is inconceivable, it doesn’t seem possible, it’s hard to imagine, or it can’t be true. It might seem inconceivable that a society would choose to pay bankers more than teachers, but it’s true.
When an idea or event is inconceivable, it's so outlandish, amazing, or horrible that it’s hard to believe. The horrible acts committed by the Nazis during the Holocaust are inconceivable on many levels, yet we know they occurred. Some things are inconceivable because they really wouldn't happen — for example, it's inconceivable that you would actually eat your hat.
WORD FAMILY
inconceivable: inconceivability, inconceivableness, inconceivably+/ conceivable: conceivability, conceivableness, conceivably, inconceivable / conceive: conceivable, conceived, conceiver, conceives, conceiving, conceptive, misconceive, preconceive/conceived: ill-conceived /conceiver: conceivers/ concept: conceive, conception, concepts, conceptual, conceptualize / conception: conceptional, conceptions/ conceptual: conceptualise, conceptualism, conceptuality, conceptually/conceptualise: conceptualisation/conceptualism: conceptualistic/conceptualization: conceptualizations/ conceptualize: conceptualization, conceptualized, conceptualizes, conceptualizing/inconceivability: inconceivabilities/misconceive: misconceived, misconceives, misconceiving, misconception / misconception: misconceptions/preconceive: preconceived, preconceives, preconception/preconception: preconceptions
USAGE EXAMPLES
No. 1 Alabama hasn’t lost in so long that the thought of being upset by No. 4 Washington is inconceivable to those around the program.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
What scholars think: “It’s not inconceivable,” said historian Mark Weston, who wrote a book about presidents who lost the popular vote.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
What mattered most to the media was Mr. Trump’s character flaws—and it was inconceivable that voters would have different priorities.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不能想像的，不可思议的，难以置信的; 〈口〉难于相信的，惊人的
分布：不可思议的(75%)，难以置信的(25%)
→in-,不，非，conceivable,可想象的。
【记】conceivable（adj 可能的；可想像的）；conceive（v 构思；怀孕）
adjective
■impossible to imagine or think of 不能想像的；不可思议的
• The idea that they might not win was inconceivable to them. 他们可能赢不了的念头对他们来说是不可想像的。
• It would be inconceivable for her to change her mind. 要她改变主意是不可想像的。
■extremely unlikely 极不可能的
• Another nuclear accident in the same place is virtually/almost inconceivable. 同一地方再次发生核事故简直／几乎是不可能的。
• It is not inconceivable (= It is possible) that she could be lying. 她有可能在说谎。
adj. 不可思议的；难以置信的；不能想象的；非凡的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, magic, mysterious, incredible

Word: polyester
Front: polyester
[ˌpɒliˈestə(r)] (13270/12984 -1)
Vocabulary: polyester
(once / 20170 pages)
n
Polyester is a synthetic fabric used in everything from kayaks to shirts. Polyester clothes were popular in the 1970s, but they stink if you disco dance in them for too long. Polyester doesn’t breathe!
You might think of polyester as a cheap alternative to a natural fabric like wool, silk, or cotton. In certain situations, though, polyester is ideal. Shirts that are a blend of cotton and polyester, for example, don't wrinkle easily; and a sofa covered in polyester is easy to clean. Polyester jackets are often quick drying or even waterproof. Polyester comes from a combination of two common words in chemistry, polymer (having many parts) and -ester (a chemical compound).
WORD FAMILY
polyester: polyesters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her clothing style was refined professionalism — affordable polyester and discreet darts.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
It would produce annually up to 1.8 million tons of ethylene, a polyester component in clothing, bottles and construction materials.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Its machines turn polyester and other synthetic fibers into custom-designed threads.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 聚酯
分布：聚酯(75%)，涤纶(25%)
→来自polymer,聚合物，ester,酯。
US [ˌpɑ:.li'es.tɚ] noun uncountable
■a type of artificial cloth 聚酯纤维；尼龙
• a polyester shirt 聚酯纤维衬衫

Word: hooker
Front: hooker
[ˈhʊkə(r)] (13264/10568 -1)
Back: n. 渔船; 妓女
分布：妓女(95%)，小渔船(5%)
→来自hook,钩，比喻用法。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
SEX 性 informal
■a prostitute (= woman who has sex for money) 妓女
UK ['hʊk.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
SPORT 体育运动
■a rugby player who pulls the ball out of the scrum with his foot （英式橄榄球赛中并列争球时的）钩球队员
n. 妓女；渔船
 - sporting woman, hetaerae

Word: rotting
Front: rotting
[rɒtɪŋ] (13272/14402)
Back: n. 深蚀刻，沤麻
v. （使）腐烂， （使）腐朽( rot的现在分词 )
分布：正在腐烂的(60%)，动词rot的现在分词形式.(40%)
V-ERG
(使)腐烂;(使)腐败;(使)变质
When food, wood, or another substance rots, or when something rots it, it becomes softer and is gradually destroyed.
例：If we don't unload it soon, the grain will start rotting in the silos...如果我们不立刻把粮食卸下来，它们就会在筒仓里开始腐烂。
例：Sugary canned drinks rot your teeth.罐装的甜饮料会腐蚀牙齿。
N-UNCOUNT
（尤指木制品的）腐烂，腐败，腐朽
If there is rot in something, especially something that is made of wood, parts of it have decayed and fallen apart.
例：Investigations had revealed extensive rot in the beams under the ground floor...调查发现一层地下的横梁大面积腐烂。
例：Neither the timber frame nor metal chassis were protected against rot.木构架和金属底盘都没有采取防腐措施。
N-SING
（逐步的）恶化，衰败
You can use the rot to refer to the way something gradually gets worse. For example, if you are talking about the time when the rot set in, you are talking about the time when a situation began to get steadily worse and worse.
例：In many schools, the rot is beginning to set in. Standards are falling all the time...很多学校的情况正开始变得越来越糟，教学水平一路下滑。
例：The country's leaders are unwilling to take unpopular measures to stop the rot.该国领导人不愿采取不受欢迎的措施来阻止形势恶化。
VERB
(尤指人在狱中)身心状况越来越糟，萎靡不振，颓废下去
If you say that someone is being left to rot in a particular place, especially in a prison, you mean that they are being left there and their physical and mental condition is being allowed to get worse and worse.
例：Most governments simply leave the long-term jobless to rot on the dole.大多数政府就让那些长期失业的人领着救济金颓废度日。
N-UNCOUNT
胡说八道;胡扯;蠢话
If you say that what someone is saying is rot, you mean that they are saying things that are untrue or stupid.
例：What a load of pompous, pseudo-intellectual rot...真是自命不凡的伪知识分子的一派胡言！
例：You do talk rot!你胡扯！
n. 沤麻
 - retting

Word: deduce
Front: deduce
[dɪˈdju:s] (研四六雅宝 13290/7733 -1)
Vocabulary: deduce
(once / 1181 pages)
v
To deduce is to figure something out based on what you already know. When you see a person crying, it's easy to deduce that the person is sad. Unless they're happy, of course. Sometimes happy people cry.
Derived from the Latin ducere, meaning "to lead," a person who deduces something is "leading" their mind from one idea to the next. Deduction is a noun from the verb deduce: it's what we call something that we learn when we deduce. Sherlock Holmes, the famous investigator created by Arthur Conan Doyle, was a master of deduction. He could deduce from a few small clues all of the facts of a murder case.
WORD FAMILY
deduce: deduced, deduces, deducible, deducing, deductive +/ deductive: deductively
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he conducted a cursory search on the model and deduced that type of aircraft usually carries soldiers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
By using a complex mathematical method called radial velocity, they witnessed the planet’s gravitational effect on its star and deduced that it must be there.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
She deduces a long-lasting head cold may stem from her inability to wed Nathan Detroit after umpteen years of trying.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 推论，推断; 演绎; 追溯根源
时态：deduced, deducing, deduces
分布：推断(82%)，演绎(18%)
→de-, 向下。-duc, 拉，引导，词源同induce, conduct. 即向下引导，演绎，推论。
推论,演绎(de向下+duce引→向下引→推论)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
vt.(from)演绎,推断,推论It's deduced that the induced fluctuation does no good to the reproducing productivity.据推断,诱导波动对复制生产率没有好处.
【记】de向下，duce引导－一步一步向下引导－演绎
【参】deductive（adj 推论的；演绎的）
US [-'du:s] verb transitive
■to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts 推断，推论
• We cannot deduce very much from these figures. 我们无法从这些数字中推断出太多东西。
• [+ that] The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening. 警方推断他肯定是在昨天晚上离开公寓的。
induce, deduce, reduce
这是一组形近易混词。
induce: v.引诱，劝；引起，导致。
 • We couldn't induce the old lady to travel by air.   我们无法劝说那位老太太坐飞机去。
deduce: v.推断，推理，演绎。
 • My friend becomes quiet when his girlfriend is angry with him; today he is quiet and so I deduce she is angry.   我的朋友在他的女朋友生他的气的时候就会变得沉默，今天他很沉默，所以我推断她生气了。
reduce: v.减轻，减小；降低。
 • He reduced his weight by 20 pounds by eating less and exercising.   他通过节食和运动，体重减轻了20磅。
conclude, judge, gather, infer, deduce
这组词都有“推断”的意思，其区别是：
conclude: 指得出符合逻辑的结论。
judge: 多指经过仔细鉴定或评价之后作出决断。
gather: 指从听到的情况推测、判定。
infer: 指从已提供的论据或从已接受的前提出发而推断出的结论。
deduce: 指有充分根据的推论，也指逻辑学上的演绎。
vt. 推论，推断； [数] [计] 演绎出
 - understand, reason, conclude

Word: prick
Front: prick
[prɪk] (研六宝 13277/11860 -1)
Vocabulary: prick
(once / 688 pages)
1vn 2n 3v
If you pierce your skin with a thorn, needle, or similar sharp object, you prick your skin. The mark it leaves on you is also called a prick.
You can also use prick to describe the sensation of tears welling — your favorite sad movie might make tears prick your eyes. Your conscience can prick you as well, when it makes you feel uncomfortable about something. Prick is also a vulgar term for a man's penis and a way to address someone (usually a man) who is acting like a total ass. It is best not to use these terms in polite company.
WORD FAMILY
prick: pricked, pricker, pricking, pricks+/pricker: prickers/pricking: prickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She feels like someone has been pricking a voodoo doll made in her image.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
But now the prick of a needle was nothing.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
On the telephone and television, on radio and in the newspapers, each had done his best to prick the ego of the other.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 刺，扎，戳; 刺伤，刺痛
n. 刺，扎; 刺伤，刺痛; 尖形器具
时态：pricked, pricking, pricks
分布：刺(48%)，刺痛(22%)，扎(18%)，竖起(11%)，受责备(1%)
→来自古英语prica,刺，戳，尖点，来自Proto-Germanic*priko,刺，尖点。
n./v.刺伤,刺痛,刺孔The tickler pricked a tick on the nickname Nickel.挠痒者在绰号"镍币"上刺了个勾号.
verb transitive
■to make a very small hole or holes in the surface of something, sometimes in a way which causes pain 刺，戳，扎
• Prick the skin of the potatoes with a fork before baking them. 烤马铃薯前先用叉子在上面扎几个小孔。
• She pricked the balloon with a pin and it burst with a loud bang. 她用别针在气球上扎了一下，气球砰的一声爆掉了。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick sb's conscience
■to make someone do something because they feel guilty 使（某人）的良心受到谴责
• Dan's mentioning Julia pricked my conscience and I gave her a call. 丹提起茱莉亚，让我感到良心不安，我就打了个电话给她。
[prɪk] verb transitive
prick the bubble (of sth)
■to make someone suddenly understand the unpleasant truth of a situation 戳穿（…的）虚幻泡影
[prɪk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] prick (sth) up
■When an animal pricks its ears up, or when its ears prick up, it puts its ears up straight because it is listening carefully to a small sound or one that is far away. （动物）竖起（耳朵）听
■If you prick up your ears, or if your ears prick up, you suddenly begin to listen very carefully because you have heard something interesting （人）侧（耳）倾听
• I overheard them mentioning my name and pricked up my ears. 我无意中听到他们提起我的名字后就竖起耳朵仔细听。
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
BODY PART 身体部位
■a penis 阴茎
[prɪk] noun countable offensive
MAN 人
■a stupid man 蠢货，笨蛋，白痴
• I'm not wearing that - I'd look a right prick. 我才不戴那个东西呢——戴着它看起来像个傻瓜似的。
thrust, pierce, penetrate, prick, stab
这组词都有“刺入，穿透”的意思，其区别是：
thrust: 本义是使某物进入或把某物刺进或使之穿透某物，有时侧重穿透、刺入。
pierce: 多指人为地用刀刺、剑等尖锐东西刺穿或刺入某物。
penetrate: 较正式用词，可指用任何工具穿入或穿透，也可指光线、声音等透过物体。
prick: 一般指用针等刺穿。
stab: 主要指利器刺入、刺伤，如用匕首、短刀等。
vt. 刺，戳；刺伤，刺痛；竖起
 - cut, pink
n. 刺，扎；刺痛，刺伤；阴茎；锥
 - smart, thorn
vi. 刺；竖起
 - stick up, run through
adj. 竖起的
 - cocked

Word: coil
Front: coil
[kɔɪl] (研四六托雅 9217/7984)
Vocabulary: coil
(once / 324 pages)
nv
A coil is a spiral shape or a series of circles, each one inside another. You might see a coil of rope on a dock or coils of hair in a fancy hairdo.
A snake naturally curls its body into a coil, and the end of a whip after it's been cracked tends to form a coil. To move in this way is also to coil, as when your cat coils around your leg or you coil a necklace around your finger. This verb form is the earliest meaning of coil, from the Middle French coillir, "to gather," with the Latin root colligere, "to gather together."
WORD FAMILY
coil: coiled, coiling, coils, recoil, uncoil+/ recoil: recoiled, recoiling, recoilless, recoils/uncoil: uncoiled, uncoiling, uncoils
USAGE EXAMPLES
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The local artist began by twisting these coils and coloring them black with a mix of ink and glue.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
"A coiled spring of money flow may need to shift back over to biotech."
Reuters(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. （一）卷，（一）盘; 盘卷之物; 线圈; 纷乱，纠缠不清
vt. 盘绕; 卷成一圈
vi. 绕成盘状; 卷绕成圈
时态：coiled, coiling, coils
分布：圈(46%)，线圈(40%)，卷(11%)，盘绕(2%)，卷成圈(1%)
→缩写自拉丁词colligere, 收集，词源同collect.
v.卷,盘绕n.(一)卷,(一)圈;线圈,绕组Boil the oil soiled by the coil in the toilet lest it spoil.把被盥洗室里的线圈弄脏的油煮开,免得它变质.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to arrange something in a coil 盘绕，卷成卷状
• She coiled her hair into a neat bun on top of her head. 她把头发在头顶挽成一个俐落的发髻。
• [R] The snake coiled itself tightly around the deer. 蛇紧紧地把鹿缠住。
[kɔɪl] noun countable
CIRCLE 圆圈
■a length of rope, hair or wire, arranged into a series of circles, one above the other （绳索、头发或电线的）卷，圈，盘
• A coil of rope lay on the beach. 海滩上放着一圈绳子。
• figurative A coil of thick blue smoke rose up from his pipe. 一圈蓝色的浓烟从他的烟斗里冒了出来。
■specialized
■a twisted length of wire through which an electric current travels （电）线圈
[kɔɪl] noun countable
MEDICAL 医学的 UK informal
■an IUD (= a medical device to stop a woman becoming pregnant) 子宫环
vt. 盘绕，把…卷成圈
 - entwine
n. [电] 线圈；卷
 - book, volume, roll, winding
vi. 成圈状
 - wreathe

Word: inward
Front: inward
[ˈɪnwəd] (研四六 11176/7924 -1)
Back: adj. 向内的; 内部的; 本质上的; 亲密的
adv. 向内; 内心里
n. 内部; 内脏
分布：内部的(24%)，向内(18%)，内部(16%)，向内的(13%)，内心的(13%)，亲密的(10%)，内在(6%)
→in-,在内，在里，-ward,朝向。
ad.向内,在内a.向内的,在内的,里面的Afterwards, I went toward the yard and looked upward, downward, inward, outward, forward and backward.后来我走向院子,向上下内外前后看.
US [-wɚd] adjective
■on or towards the inside 里面的；向内的 Compare outward inside your mind and not expressed to other people 内心的
• inward feelings 内心的感受
UK ['ɪn.wəd] US [-wɚd] adverb (also inwards)
■towards the inside 向内地
• After the accident, her thoughts began to turn inward (= to her own interests or problems). 意外发生后，她开始反省自己。
• Fold the outside edges inward. 将外部边缘部分向内折。
interior, inward, inner, inside, internal
这组词都有“内部的，内在的”的意思，其区别是：
interior: 指某物的内部，尤指某物的内侧；也可指内地的或国内的。
inward: 指朝着中心或内部方向的，侧重方向而不是位置；也可指内心的隐密活动。
inner: 含义广泛，指事物中心或接近中心的部位，也可指内心隐密的活动。
inside: 多指处于某物内部或靠近内部，常可与inner换用，可引申指内幕的，秘密的。
internal: 书面用词，医学上多用，指事物的内部，也可指国内的或内政的。
adj. [计] 向内的；内部的；精神的；本质上的；熟悉的
 - internal, inner, mental, familiar, spiritual
adv. 向内；内心里
 - inboard
n. 内部；内脏；密友
 - interior, inner, inside, familiar

Word: triple
Front: triple
[ˈtrɪpl] (研六雅 7063/8696 -2)
Vocabulary: triple
(once / 638 pages)
1adjnv 2nv
Triple means to multiply by three. If you triple the number two, you get six, and six is the triple of the number two.
In triple, you see tri which means three. You see this prefix in tricycle (three wheels), tripod (three legs), and triplet (three siblings born at the same time). To triple is to increase threefold, just as to double means to increase twofold, quadruple fourfold and quintuple fivefold. In each of these pairs, the former word is Latin based and the latter has Old English origins.
WORD FAMILY
triple: tripled, tripler, triples, triplicate, tripling, triply+/triplicate: triplicated, triplicates, triplicating/tripling: triplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials expressed dismay over the scenes of slaughter in the Compaj prison, which held more than 1,200 inmates, about triple its official capacity.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Last winter, volunteers submitted more than 2,000 reports about more than 38,000 turkeys, nearly triple the previous year’s total.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Because the family’s rent is tied to income, the rent tripled in August, to about $770 a month from $245.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. 三倍的，三方的，三部分的
vt. & vi. （使）增至三倍
n. 三倍的数[量]; 三个一组; [棒]三垒安打
时态：tripled, tripling, triples
分布：三倍的(65%)，三个一组(23%)，三倍之数(7%)，有三部分的(5%)
→tri-, 三，-ple,倍数，词源同 fold,treble.
三倍的(tri[tri-表示"三"]+ple=ply表示增加)
n.三倍数a.三倍的;三部分构成的v.使成三倍He tripled his income.他使他的收入增至三倍.
adjective
■having three parts of the same type, or happening three times 三部分的；发生三次的
• Her trainer is a triple Olympic champion. 她的教练是三届奥运会冠军。
• There's a triple bill of Hitchcock films (= three films) on at the cinema next Sunday. 下周日将有三部希区考克的影片在这家电影院上映。
triple sth
■three times as large as something 三倍于
• The number of one-parent U.S. households reached 10.1 million in 1991, nearly triple that of 1971. 1991年美国单亲家庭的数量达到1010万，几乎是1971年的三倍。
['trɪp.l] verb intransitive or transitive
■to increase three times in size or amount, or to make something do this （使）成三倍，（使）增加两倍
• We have tripled our output over the past two years. 过去两年里，我们的产量增加了两倍。
• The workforce has tripled in size since the new factory opened. 自新工厂开工以来，劳动人数已经增加了两倍。
adj. [数] 三倍的；三方的
 - trinary, threefold
n. [数] 三倍数；三个一组
 - ternion, triad
vi. 增至三倍
 - trifold
vt. 使成三倍
 - treble

Word: evolving
Front: evolving
[ɪ'vɒlvɪŋ] (13276/21193)
Back: adj. 进化的，展开的
v. 演变，进化( evolve的现在分词 ); （动植物等 ）进化，进化形成
分布：进化的(78%)，展开的(18%)，动词evolve的现在分词.(4%)
VERB
进化；演变
When animals or plants evolve, they gradually change and develop into different forms.
例：The bright plumage of many male birds has evolved to attract females...很多雄鸟进化出鲜艳的羽毛是为了吸引雌鸟。
例：Maize evolved from a wild grass in Mexico.玉米是从墨西哥的一种野生禾本植物进化而来的。
V-ERG
（使）逐步发展;（使）演化
If something evolves or you evolve it, it gradually develops over a period of time into something different and usually more advanced.
例：...a tiny airline which eventually evolved into Pakistan International Airlines...最终发展成巴基斯坦国际航空公司的一家小型航空公司
例：Popular music evolved from folk songs...流行音乐从民歌演变而来。
adj. 进化的；展开的
 - expanded, explanate
v. 进化；展开（evolve的ing形式）
 - unwrapping, uncoiling

Word: bribery
Front: bribery
[ˈbraɪbəri] (13292/13909 -1)
Back: n. 行贿; [法]贿赂
分布：受贿(58%)，行贿(41%)，贿络行为(1%)
贿赂(bribe贿赂)[-ery 1.表名词"场所,地点"2.表名词"行为,情况"]
N-UNCOUNT
贿赂行为；行贿
Bribery is the act of offering someone money or something valuable in order to persuade them to do something for you.
例：He was jailed on charges of bribery.他因受到行贿指控而被捕入狱。
例：...accusations of bribery and corruption.行贿和腐败的指控
n. [法] 贿赂；受贿；行贿
 - fix, golden key

Word: land-use
Front: land-use
None None
Back: 土地利用
分布：土地利用(100%)

Word: broadband
Front: broadband
[ˈbrɔ:dbænd] (13351/-)
Back: n. 宽带
分布：宽带(95%)，宽频带(4%)，宽频带的(1%)
US ['brɑ:d-] noun uncountable
■a system that makes it possible for many messages or large amounts of information to be sent at the same time and very quickly between computers or other electronic devices 宽频
• Internet connection via broadband offers many advantages. 宽频网路有许多优点。
• broadband services/networks/technology/transmission 宽频服务／网路／技术／传输
adj. 宽频带的；宽波段的；宽频通讯的
 - wideband

Word: well-established
Front: well-established
['welɪs'tæblɪʃt] (-1)
Back: adj. 已为大家接受的; 信誉卓著的; （树等）生了根的; 根深蒂固的
分布：固定下来的(44%)，得到确认的(42%)，金字招牌的(14%)
【记】well，established（adj 确定的）
【反】neologism（n 新词）－well-established expression（长期使用的表达）
ADJ-GRADED
历史悠久的;久负盛誉的
If you say that something is well-established, you mean that it has been in existence for quite a long time and is successful.
例：The University has a well-established tradition of welcoming postgraduate students from overseas.这所大学有着欢迎海外研究生就读的悠久传统。
例：...well-established companies such as Compaq and Olivetti.像“康柏”和“好利获得”这样享有盛誉的公司

Word: levy
Front: levy
[ˈlevi] (研托雅宝 13303/7232 -2)
Vocabulary: levy
(once / 459 pages)
1vn 2vn
Use the word levy as you would use the word tax: “When the state government imposed a levy on soft drinks, thousands of citizens took to the streets in protest.”
The word levy can act as either a verb or a noun in a sentence. The noun levy refers to a charge, such as a tax, fine, or other fee, that is imposed on something. The verb levy is used to describe the act of imposing or collecting the charge. If you need to raise money, for example, you may decide to levy a fine on your family every time you have to make the coffee in the morning. (Be careful though: your family may also take to the streets in protest.)
WORD FAMILY
levy: levied, levies, levying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obamacare raises revenue through tax penalties tied to its insurance mandates, fees on insurers and levies on high earners and some investment income.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Nejedly, reached by telephone, railed briefly about the court fine levied against Lukoil Aviation Czech, before asking to see any questions in writing.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The report says lawmakers should refrain from levying the fees until more people are driving electric vehicles.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 征兵; 征税
v. 征收，索取; 征税，征集
时态：levied, levying, levies
分布：征收(64%)，征税(29%)，发动(4%)，召集(2%)，强收(1%)
→来自古法语lever,举起，词源同levitate,light.引申词义征收或收集，其原义可能是减轻别人的负担，后该词用于指征税或征兵。
征税(lev+y→提高［收入］→征税)[lev,live=raise,lighten,表示"提高,举起,变轻"]
n.征收,征税,征兵v.征收,征集,征用The police levied a fine on me.我被警察罚款.
【记】lev升起，y－把税收起来－征税
【反】rescind（v 废除）
noun countable
■an amount of money, such as a tax, that you have to pay to a government or organization 征收额；税款
• They imposed a 5% levy on alcohol. 他们对酒品征收5%的税。
n. [税收] 征收；征兵，征税
 - collection, taxation, expropriation
vt. [税收] 征收（税等）；征集（兵等）
 - toll
vi. 征税；征兵
 - tax collection, toll

Word: biographical
Front: biographical
[ˌbaɪə'ɡræfɪkl] (13287/10542 -1)
Vocabulary: biographical
(once / 1892 pages)
adj
Anything biographical has to do with the story of someone's life. If you're reading a biography of Margaret Mead, you might enjoy learning biographical details, like that she was the oldest of five children.
A biography is a book about someone's life. Anything biographical can be from a biography, as in an actual book about someone, or just facts from a person’s life. Biographical information could be where someone is from, where they grew up, where they went to college, or when they became famous. Biographies are usually written about famous people, but everyone has biographical details about their own lives, too.
WORD FAMILY
biography: biographer, biographical, biographies+/ biographer: biographers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The late Associated Press writer Bob Thomas contributed biographical material.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most writers immediately sprung into biographical mode upon learning of her death, which first was reported by TMZ.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Such questions run up against the central agony of writing about Bach: the paucity of biographical information.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 传记的; 传记体的
分布：传记的(100%)
US [-oʊ-] adjective
■about someone's life 生平
• There was a biographical note about the author on the back of the book. 书的背面有作者的生平简介。

Word: caper
Front: caper
[ˈkeɪpə(r)] (宝 13269/20261 -1)
Vocabulary: caper
(once / 1524 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A goofy little joke or prank, a crime, or a ridiculous adventure is called a caper. For example, your quest for an American newspaper turned into a caper that took you all over the Irish countryside.
Caper originates from the Italian word capriolare, meaning “jump in the air,” and indeed, one meaning is "frolicking play or light-hearted dancing." Little kids like to caper at family parties — it gets them tons of attention. Other kinds of capers might get you jail time because a caper can also be an outlandish crime spree, or a wild activity. Finally, capers are the very flavorful pickled flower bud found in Mediterranean cooking.
WORD FAMILY
caper: capered, capering, capers
USAGE EXAMPLES
An unsuccessful Christmas caper led Seattle police to a stolen forklift that was left running.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
He also writes and co-directs the festive caper, which this year is his version of Cinderella.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The Charleston County Sheriff’s Office told local media that emergency personnel were called to Capers Island shortly after 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 跳跃，雀跃
n. 雀跃，跳跃; [植]续随子，刺山柑花蕾; 嬉戏; 不法活动
vt. 跳跃，雀跃; 嬉戏，开玩笑
时态：capered, capering, capers
分布：雀跃(46%)，恶作剧(18%)，蹦跳(18%)，跳跃(13%)，罪恶的勾当(5%)
→来自拉丁词caper, 山羊。词源同cab, cabriolet.
欢蹦,跳跃[capr=goat(山羊)]
【记】中间有ape（n 猩猩）－喜欢欢呼雀跃cape海角，er表示人：到了天涯海角的人肯定会欢呼雀跃。
US [-pɚ] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to run and jump about in an energetic, happy way 欢跃；雀跃
UK ['keɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
ACTIVITY 行为
countable
■an illegal, unusual or entertaining activity 不法勾当；不同寻常的行为；可笑的活动
• The whole incident started as an innocent caper. 整个事件以一场并无恶意的闹剧开始。
UK ['keɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun
FOOD 食物
countable usually plural
■a small dark green flower bud which is used in sauces to give a slightly sour taste to food （用作调味料的）刺山柑花蕾
vi. 雀跃
 - gambol, bound with
n. 跳跃，雀跃； [园艺] 刺山柑花蕾；不法活动
 - jump, spring

Word: kiosk
Front: kiosk
[ˈki:ɒsk] (宝 13231/14829 -1)
Vocabulary: kiosk
(once / 7710 pages)
n
A kiosk is a small booth or stall. Shopping malls and airports have retail kiosks that sell all sorts of things, ranging from cookies to cell phones to sunglasses to perfumes to newspapers to . . . well, really almost anything!
You're probably familiar with retail kiosks, since they always seem to be located in highly visible areas of the mall, but there are other types of kiosks as well. Information kiosks provide helpful items to tourists, such as maps and pamphlets. You might also see electronic kiosks where you can buy tickets or get various types of information through videos or interactive presentations.
WORD FAMILY
kiosk: kiosks
USAGE EXAMPLES
But with the rise of the mobile phone, the redundant kiosks are increasingly being put to inventive uses, from miniature art galleries to pint-sized pubs.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
EcoATMs pay you on the spot, using cameras in the kiosk to judge the condition of your used smartphone, tablet or iPod.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The mall still maintains its gloriously 1970s and ’80s orange and yellow tile floors and walls, curved kiosks and fiberglass drop ceilings.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 亭子，凉亭; （车站、广场等处的）书报摊，，公共电话亭; 小摊棚，售货亭
分布：亭(80%)，报摊(12%)，凉亭(8%)
→来自土耳其语koshk,亭子，凉亭。进入英语用于指报刊亭，售货亭等。
US [-ɑ:sk] noun countable
■a small building where things such as sweets, drinks or newspapers are sold through an open window （售糖果、饮料、报纸等的）小亭；售货亭
• a station kiosk 车站售货亭
(also telephone kiosk) UK formal * a telephone box
n. 凉亭；公用电话亭；报摊
 - booth, bower

Word: stereotypical
Front: stereotypical
[,steriə'tipikl] (13300/19649)
Vocabulary: stereotypical
(once / 28412 pages)
adj
Stereotypical describes an action or a characterization that is oversimplified, widely imitated, or handed down by tradition.
As in Aesop’s Fables, stereotypical characters behave predictably, or according to type, which, in Greek, literally means to strike in a mold or an impression. But most interesting people and stories do not easily fit into molds, and typecasts can be socially offensive. It might be stereotypical in a comedy skit to see police officers eating donuts, but when you get pulled over for missing a stop sign it’s best to keep that idea to yourself!
WORD FAMILY
stereotypical: stereotypically+/ stereotype: stereotyped, stereotypes, stereotypic, stereotypical, stereotyping
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Stereotypical Shanghai women are fierce and loud," she says with a grin.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
And is it okay for outsiders to alter a region’s food because they think it’s too funky for the stereotypical American palate?
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Still, you won't find Phasma in the scantily clad role of the hero nor will you see her as the stereotypical slithering, seductive female villain.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 典型的; 带有成见的
分布：典型(34%)，铅版(21%)，模式化观念(15%)，对…形成模式化的看法(10%)，老一套(10%)，使用铅版(10%)
[ˌster.i.ə'tɪp.ɪ.kəl] disapproving
adjective
■having the qualities that you expect a particular type of person to have 刻板印象的；类型化的
• Customers are tired of the stereotypical, fast-talking salesperson. 顾客对千篇一律的口若悬河的推销员已经厌烦透了。
adj. 老一套的；陈规的
 - banal, trite

Word: pamper
Front: pamper
[ˈpæmpə(r)] (雅宝 13298/15061 -1)
Vocabulary: pamper
(once / 2996 pages)
v
When you pamper your dog, you spoil him. You might pamper him by feeding him cubes of cheese and knitting him a little sweater and letting him sleep in your bed under the covers.
Some people love to pamper their pets, cooking them special food and buying them expensive collars and toys. To pamper goes beyond kind treatment, bordering on overindulgence or coddling. People also like to pamper themselves from time to time, getting a massage or a manicure, or otherwise being treated indulgently. The word pamper originally meant "to cram with food," most likely from a Middle Dutch root meaning "to cram."
WORD FAMILY
pamper: pampered, pamperer, pampering, pampers+/pampering: pamperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The measure legalizes a practice already commonplace at many salons, where it’s part of the pampering.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Your body deserves some pampering after all that outdoor play, so visit one of Bend’s spas.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
In that case, she was a miracle of genetics, expert pampering and the workout routine many men applied to her.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: v. 纵容; 细心照顾; 娇惯
时态：pampered, pampering, pampers
分布：纵容(81%)，溺爱(19%)
→可能来自pap,流食，软质食物，-er,表反复。即塞满食物，引申词义娇惯，纵容。插入鼻音字母m,比较instinct,stick.
【参】pamper会hamper（v 妨碍；n 大篮子）小孩的成长。
【区】tamper（v 窜改）；camper（n 露营者）
US [-pɚ] verb transitive
■to treat a person or an animal in a special way by making them as comfortable as possible and giving them whatever they want 细心照顾，精心护理；纵容，娇惯
• She pampers her dog with the finest steak and salmon. 她让她的狗吃上好的牛排和鲑鱼，太娇惯了。
• Why not pamper yourself after a hard day with a hot bath scented with oils? 一天辛苦工作以后为甚么不善待一下自己，洗个散发着精油芳香的热水澡呢？
vt. 纵容；使…过量；给…吃得过多
 - baby, indulge

Word: politicize
Front: politicize
[pəˈlɪtɪsaɪz] (13302/33217 -1)
Vocabulary: politicize
(once / 20274 pages)
v
To politicize something is to make it into a political issue. Candidates often politicize school performance, blaming low test scores on the policies of their opponents.
When you politicize an issue, you bring it into the realm of politics, whether it belongs there or not. Politicians may rush to politicize an oil spill, for example, using it as an example of why the country should switch to alternative energy sources. A candidate running for mayor will be quick to politicize a private scandal by the current mayor, making it an issue in the campaign. The Greek root is politikos, "of citizens, or pertaining to the state."
WORD FAMILY
politicize: politicized, politicizes, politicizing+/ apolitical: apolitically/nonpolitical: nonpolitically/ political: apolitical, nonpolitical, politically, semipolitical, unpolitical/ politician: politicians/politicise: politicised, politicising/ politics: political, politician, politicise, politicize
USAGE EXAMPLES
The backlash was swift, with many people accusing Mr. Sheen of politicizing a tragedy for a cheap joke.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“We welcome an investigation, but the government should be very careful not to enlarge or politicize it.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Its sad & disappointing you are politicizing such a holy day.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: v. 使政治化; 从事政治
时态：politicized, politicizing, politicizes
分布：使 ... 政治化(100%)
→来自politic,政治的，-ize,使。
US [-'lɪtˌ.ə-] verb transitive often passive
■to make something or someone political, or more involved in or conscious of political matters 使政治化，使具有政治性
• The whole issue has become increasingly politicized. 整个事件政治色彩越发浓重了。
• a highly politicized debate 高度政治化的辩论
vi. 参与政治
 - go into politics

Word: forcibly
Front: forcibly
[ˈfɔ:səbli] (13307/9513)
Back: adv. 强迫地; 强制地; 强有力地; 有说服力地
分布：强行地(67%)，强烈地(33%)
ADJ
强制的;暴力的
Forcible action involves physical force or violence.
例：Reports are coming in of the forcible resettlement of villagers from the countryside into towns.不断有报道称村民被强制从农村迁入城镇定居。
adv. 用力地；强制地；有说服力地
 - by the strong hand, compulsively

Word: unrestricted
Front: unrestricted
[ˌʌnrɪˈstrɪktɪd] (托 13301/14811 -1)
Vocabulary: unrestricted
(once / 4619 pages)
adj
When something is unrestricted, it means there are no restrictions placed on it. A restriction is a rule about a way that something can be used.
If your parents give you a generous allowance with the restriction that a portion of it must be donated to charity and another portion saved, you might end up with less money than a friend who has a smaller, but unrestricted, allowance.
WORD FAMILY
unrestricted: unrestrictedly+/ restrict: derestrict, restricted, restricting, restriction, restrictive, restricts/ restricted: restrictedly, unrestricted / restriction: restrictions/ restrictive: nonrestrictive, restrictively, restrictiveness, unrestrictive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many were in the same situation as Baker, who will become an unrestricted free agent March 7 at noon.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Short, who just wrapped up his fourth NFL season, will become an unrestricted free agent on March 9.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He’s unsure whether Butler, who will become an unrestricted free agent, will be cleared in time to play against the Jags.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不受限制的; 无限制的; 自由的; 敞开
分布：无限制的(50%)，不受限制的(50%)
ADJ
不受拘束的；没有限制的
If an activity is unrestricted, you are free to do it in the way that you want, without being limited by any rules.
例：Freedom to pursue extracurricular activities is totally unrestricted...参加课外活动的自由完全不受限制。
例：The Commissioner has absolutely unrestricted access to all the files.特派员可以随意查阅所有文件。
ADJ
完整的；清晰的
If you have an unrestricted view of something, you can see it fully and clearly, because there is nothing in the way.
例：Nearly all seats have an unrestricted view.几乎在所有的座位上都可以看到完整清晰的画面。
adj. 自由的；无限制的；不受束缚的
 - free, unlimited

Word: procure
Front: procure
[prəˈkjʊə(r)] (雅宝 13308/9906 -1)
Vocabulary: procure
(once / 185 pages)
v
In prison movies, there's always a character who is able to procure all sorts of contraband from the inside––magazines, cigarettes, special soap. If you procure something, you get it or bring it about by special effort.
Procure's synonym obtain is a little formal, but less formal than procure itself. The noun procurement commonly refers to the obtaining of materials and supplies. Procure descends from Middle English procuren, from Old French procurer "to take care of," from Latin prōcūrāre, formed from the prefix prō- "for" plus cūrāre "to care for" (from cūra "care").
WORD FAMILY
procure: procurable, procural, procurance, procured, procurement, procurer, procures, procuring+/procurable: unprocurable/ procurement: procurements/procurer: procurers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But she makes a point of noting the simple glassware from West Virginia that she herself had procured.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
For reasons unknown, and under conditions of total secrecy, Voynich managed to procure some of the books before they entered the Vatican Library.
The New Yorker(Nov 30, 2016)
On Monday, Yocca was arraigned on fresh charges: aggravated assault, an attempt to procure a miscarriage and an attempted criminal abortion.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 取得，获得; 实现，完成; 导致
vi. 取得; 介绍娼妓，拉皮条
时态：procured, procuring, procures
分布：获得(64%)，拉皮条(26%)，采办(10%)
→来自拉丁语procurare,关心，照看，管理，看护，来自pro-,向前，代表，-cur,关切，照看，词源同cure,pedicure.引申词义得到，获得，特指费尽心力取得。
(费心)取得,获得(pro+cure关心→关心在前→[想要]获得)[pro-①表示"向前,在前"②表示"很多…"③表示"赞同,亲..."]
取得;引起(por前面+cure→关心面前的东西→取得)[cur=care,表示"关心"]
【记】pro向前，cure关心－关心向前发展－取得
【反】relinquish（v 放弃）
US [-'kjʊr] formal
verb
transitive
■to get something, especially after an effort （努力）取得，获得
• She's managed somehow to procure his telephone number. 她不知用了甚么方法，弄到了他的电话号码。
• [+ two objects] He'd procured us seats in the front row. 他帮我们弄到了前排的座位。
intransitive or transitive
■to get a prostitute for someone else to have sex with （为…）做淫媒，（给…）拉皮条
acquire, procure, obtain
acquire: 努力获得，更强调在原来基础上的自然增加
procure: 为获得某物而“小心、仔细，想出计策或施展手腕”的意思
obtain: 获得，得到
vt. 获得，取得；导致
 - earn, buy, score, find, result in
vi. 取得
 - bite on, to acquire

Word: sonic
Front: sonic
[ˈsɒnɪk] (13305/17093 -1)
Back: adj. <物>音波的，音速的; 能发声音的
分布：音速的(58%)，音波的(42%)
→来自拉丁语 sonus,声音，词源同 sound.-ic,形容词后缀。
声音的;声波的[son=sound,表示"声音"]
US ['sɑ:.nɪk] specialized
adjective
■of sound or the speed at which sound travels in air 声音的；音速的
⇒ See also supersonic
adj. 音速的； [声] 声音的；音波的
 - audio, vocal

Word: postage
Front: postage
[ˈpəʊstɪdʒ] (高研四六托雅 13293/9763 -1)
Back: n. 邮费，邮资
分布：邮费(96%)，邮资已付邮戳(4%)
→来自post,邮寄。
邮资(post+age钱;状态)[post-①表示"在后面"②表示"邮件,邮政"]
邮费(post邮局)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
n.邮费,邮资The postage for an airmail is 2 dollars.一封航空信的邮资是两美元.
US ['poʊ-] noun uncountable
■the money that you pay for sending letters and parcels through the post 邮资，邮费
• Please enclose £15.99, plus £2 for postage. 请附上15.99英镑，外加2英镑邮资。
n. [邮] 邮资，邮费
 - taxe, franking

Word: nocturnal
Front: nocturnal
[nɒkˈtɜ:nl] (托宝 13312/14227 -1)
Vocabulary: nocturnal
(once / 1920 pages)
adj
If something is nocturnal, it belongs to or is active at night. That includes vampires, owls that like to hunt by moonlight, and that roommate who stays up playing video games until the wee hours of the morning.
The adjective nocturnal comes from the Late Latin nocturnalis, which means “belonging to the night." You've probably heard of nocturnal animals, like bats and fireflies, who sleep during the day and come out to play when the sun goes down. The opposite of nocturnal is diurnal, meaning active during the daytime — but you probably won't be using that word much unless you're a zoologist.
WORD FAMILY
nocturnal: nocturnally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also there: “Rogue One 3D,” “Collateral Beauty,” “Nocturnal Animals,” “Arrival” and “Moonlight.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Michael Shannon in “Nocturnal Animals” is a noir-ish detective investigating a violent incident in a story within the story.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Being nocturnal isn’t a requirement for physics writing, but it helps.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 夜的，夜间的; （动物）夜间活动的; （植物）夜间开花的; [乐]夜曲的
分布：在夜间的(100%)
→来自拉丁语nocturnus,夜间的，词源同night,-urn,形容词后缀。
夜间(活动)的(noct+urnal表形容词,如：diurnal白天的)[noct=night,表示"夜晚"]
【记】noct夜，urnal一夜间的；参：diurnal（adj 白天的）
【反】diurnal（adj 白天的）；happen during daytime（白天发生的）
US [nɑ:k'tɝ:-] formal
adjective
■happening in or active during the night, or relating to the night 夜间发生的；夜间活动的；夜间的
• nocturnal wanderings 夜游
• nocturnal light 夜光
• Most bats are nocturnal. 大部分蝙蝠在夜间活动。
Compare diurnal

Word: lull
Front: lull
[lʌl] (托雅宝 13314/14132 -1)
Vocabulary: lull
(once / 806 pages)
vn
See lull, think "calm." It could be the noun form (like "the lull before the storm") or the verb: one can lull someone by calming them (as in lulling a baby to sleep with a lullaby).
The noun lull is often used in relation to a storm, but the term has a broader meaning as well. Lull can be used to describe any temporary period of calm or diminished activity, like the quiet time before the lunch rush in a restaurant or the brief period of tranquility before the doors open for a pre-Christmas sale. The word's verb form means "to soothe or to make someone feel relaxed." When used as a verb lull can turn deceptive, and it is often used to convey a false sense of security.
WORD FAMILY
lull: lulled, lulling, lulls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sanchez said risks increase when drivers are lulled in stop-and-go traffic.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The result is that Attenborough and others “are lulling the huge worldwide audience into a false sense of security,” he said.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A booming economy in the nineteen-fifties intersected with a demographic lull, resulting in “more job vacancies than there are graduates.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使镇静，使安静; 哄，哄骗; 使入睡
vi. 平静，安静; 平息; 减弱; 停止
n. 暂停; 间歇; 暂时平静; 催眠的东西
时态：lulled, lulling, lulls
分布：间歇(31%)，暂停(19%)，平息(16%)，使安静(16%)，使入睡(10%)，哄骗(8%)
→来自中古英语lullen,哄小孩睡觉，来自lu-lu,la-la的催眠声。
【区】loll（v 懒洋洋地倚靠）
【反】increased activity（增加的活动）；goad（n 刺激物；v 激励）；startle（v 震惊）；galvanize（v 电镀；刺激）；revive（v 苏醒）；hectic period（狂热的时期）
verb transitive
■to cause someone to feel calm or to feel as if they want to sleep 使安静，使平和；使发困
• The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep. 汽车的颠簸让她昏昏欲睡。
[lʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  lull sb into sth
■to make someone feel safe in order to trick them 哄骗，麻痹（某人）
• Most exercise classes start gently, lulling you into thinking that you're fit. 健身课程一开始大多都很容易，让人误以为自己很健康。
• Their promises lulled us into a false sense of security (= made us feel safe, when in fact we were not). 他们的承诺让我们以为很安全。
[lʌl] noun countable
■a short period of calm in which little happens 平静时期；间歇
• There has been a lull in the fighting. 战斗中出现了一段间歇。
• a lull in the conversation/traffic 谈话的间歇／交通低谷
[lʌl] noun countable
the lull before the storm
■a time which seems quiet but which will very soon be followed by something unpleasant happening 暴风雨前的宁静
• Things seem quiet in the office right now, but this is just the lull before the storm. 现在办公室里一切似乎都很平静，但这只是暴风雨前夕的宁静。
vt. 使平静；使安静；哄骗
 - calm, silence, compose
vi. 平息；减弱；停止
 - fall, lower, cool, subside
n. 间歇；暂停；暂时平静
 - hang, pause

Word: brooding
Front: brooding
[ˈbru:dɪŋ] (13311/12439 -1)
Vocabulary: brooding
(once / 872 pages)
1adjn 2n
When you're dwelling on something, you're brooding about it — this can be thoughtful or morbidly obsessed.
When you're brooding, you might be depressed about something you just can't stop thinking about—like the lead character in Hamlet. Brooding can also mean you're being extremely thoughtful, contemplative, meditative, musing, reflective, or ruminative — those are all good things. You have to look at the context to see if someone is brooding in a positive or negative way. This is also a word for what chickens and other egg-laying animals do: sitting on eggs to help them hatch.
WORD FAMILY
brooding: broodingly, broodings+/ brood: brooded, brooder, brooding, broods/brooder: brooders
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the finished film — lent a brooding quality by its stark landscapes; misty, desaturated palette; and figures often seen in silhouette — his influence is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some are moved by the disappearance of the wildlife they study, or the brooding omnipresence of climate change.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
A brooding film about a remote home inhabited by law-breaking priests, “El Club” is the dark, Latin American antithesis to “Spotlight.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 孵卵
adj. 郁闷的; 沉思的; 徘徊不去的
v. 孵蛋(brood的现在分词); 沉思
分布：沉思的(44%)，孵卵(40%)，笼罩的(8%)，动词brood的现在分词.(8%)
adjective
■making you feel uncomfortable or worried as though something bad is going to happen 令人忧心忡忡的
• He stood there in the corner of the room, a dark, brooding presence. 他站在房间的角落里，一脸的阴沉忧虑。
■feeling sad, worried or angry for a long time 忧思，担忧
adj. 沉思的；徘徊不去的
 - reflecting, museful
n. 孵卵
 - sitting

Word: stubbornly
Front: stubbornly
['stʌbənlɪ] (13316/14761)
Back: adv. 倔强地，顽强地，顽固地
分布：倔强地(50%)，顽固地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
倔强的;固执的;顽固的;执拗的
Someone who is stubborn or who behaves in a stubborn way is determined to do what they want and is very unwilling to change their mind.
例：He is a stubborn character used to getting his own way...他性格固执，惯于一意孤行。
例：His face was set in an expression of stubborn determination.他脸上流露出固执坚定的表情。
ADJ-GRADED
(污渍)顽固的，难以去除的;(问题)棘手的，难以解决的
A stubborn stain or problem is difficult to remove or to deal with.
例：This treatment removes the most stubborn stains...这个方法能清除大多数顽固污渍。
例：The first and most stubborn problem was that of reductions in the number of aircraft.最首要也是最棘手的问题是飞机数量的减少。
adv. 顽固地；倔强地
 - obstinately, obdurately

Word: inherited
Front: inherited
[ɪn'herɪtɪd] (13313/11863)
Vocabulary: inherited
(once / 487 pages)
adj
Inherited means "handed down to you by your family." If your inherited traits include your red hair, freckles, and stubbornness, it means older people in your family also have them.
Something you receive from your parents, grandparents, or other family members is inherited, whether it's a personality trait or a house in the Catskills. Some things are inherited genetically, like blue eyes, and others are inherited legally, like money or property you receive as an heir when someone dies. The Latin root is inhereditare, "to appoint as heir." The meaning changed in the 14th century to "receive, to be the heir."
WORD FAMILY
inherit: disinherit, inheritable, inheritance, inherited, inheriting, inheritor, inherits+/ disinherit: disinheritance, disinherited, disinheriting, disinherits/disinheritance: disinheritances/inheritable: noninheritable/ inheritance: inheritances/inheritor: inheritors
USAGE EXAMPLES
The women’s wealth gap would be even worse without inherited fortunes.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Instead, she opened a small advertising business while raising her daughter, Sydney, who inherited Mom’s musical chops.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He’s inherited a situation where he needs results more than style points.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 通过继承得到的，遗传的; 继承权的
v. 继承( inherit的过去式和过去分词 ); 经遗传获得（品质、身体特征等）接替（责任等），继任
分布：继承的(74%)，遗传的(24%)，动词inherit的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
VERB
继承(金钱或财产)
If you inherit money or property, you receive it from someone who has died.
例：He has no son to inherit his land.他没有儿子来继承田产。
例：...paintings that he inherited from his father.他从父亲那里继承来的油画
VERB
(从前人、前任等)接过,得到
If you inherit something such as a task, problem, or attitude, you get it from the people who used to have it, for example because you have taken over their job or been influenced by them.
例：The government inherited an impossible situation from its predecessors...这届政府从前任那里接过了一个非常棘手的烂摊子。
例：Our legal system inherited laws from the English system.我们的司法体系沿袭了英国的法律体系。
VERB
经遗传获得(特征、特质等)
If you inherit a characteristic or quality, you are born with it, because your parents or ancestors also had it.
例：We inherit from our parents many of our physical characteristics...我们的许多身体特征都是从父母那里遗传而来的。
例：Her children have inherited her love of sport...她的孩子们继承了她对运动的热爱。
adj. 遗传的； [法] 继承权的；通过继承得到的
 - genetic, hereditary
v. [法] 继承；经遗传而得（inherit的过去分词）
 - succeeded, followed

Word: beep
Front: beep
[bi:p] (13285/25769)
Vocabulary: beep
(once / 13462 pages)
nv
A beep is a brief warning sound. You might give a quick beep on your car horn to let a bicyclist know you're passing her on the road.
Your friend's voice mail might say, "Leave a message after the beep!" and your smoke alarm might emit an annoying series of beeps when its battery is dying. In either case, you'll hear a high-pitched, brief tone. The word is imitative — it sounds like what it means — and relatively new, only as old as the car horns it imitates. Beep was first an interjection in the 1920s, and a noun and a verb by the end of the decade.
WORD FAMILY
beep: beeped, beeper, beeping, beeps+/beeper: beepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
As soon as the person hears the beep, she jots notes about what was in her mind at that moment.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Now, technology is being applied to difficulty in sleeping caused in an increasing number of Americans by the beeps and Day-Glo lights of tech devices.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Four quick beeps means they should hop on the No. 4 square.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 哔哔声
v. 嘟嘟响
时态：beeped, beeping, beeps
分布：哔哔声(51%)，发出哔哔声(33%)，吹号(16%)
→拟声词。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to cause to make a short loud sound （使）发出嘟嘟声
• The taxi-driver beeped (his horn) impatiently at the cyclist. 计程车司机不耐烦地向骑脚踏车人嘟嘟按喇叭。
• I don't like those watches that keep beeping every hour. 我不喜欢那些一到整点就嘀嘀响的手表。
transitive US (UK bleep)
■to call someone, for example a doctor, by sending a signal to a beeper which they carry 呼叫（某人）；给（某人）发信息

Word: constitutionally
Front: constitutionally
[ˌkɒnstɪ'tju:ʃənəlɪ] (13294/15877)
Back: adv. 体质上，在本质上
分布：体质上(30%)，本质地(30%)，天生地(30%)，按宪法规定的(10%)
US [ˌkɑ:nt.stɪ'tu:-] adverb
LAWS 法律
■according to the rules in a constitution 按照宪法；依照章程
• There was some doubt as to whether the government were behaving constitutionally. 有人怀疑政府是否在依照宪法行事。
UK [ˌkɒnt.stɪ'tju:.ʃən.əl.i] US [ˌkɑ:nt.stɪ'tu:-] adverb
HEALTH 健康
■in a way that relates to or is caused by your general health or your character 就体质而言；就性格而言；生性地
• constitutionally weak 体质虚弱的
• humorous She seems constitutionally unable to make decisions. 她似乎天生优柔寡断。
adv. 本质地；体质上；天生
 - intrinsically

Word: implied
Front: implied
[ɪm'plaɪd] (13297/7355)
Back: adj. 暗指的，含蓄的
v. 暗示，暗指( imply的过去式和过去分词 ); 必然包含; 说明，表明
分布：暗示的(42%)，暗含的(28%)，含蓄的(26%)，动词imply的过去式和过去分词.(4%)
VERB
暗指;暗示
If you imply that something is the case, you say something which indicates that it is the case in an indirect way.
例：'Are you implying that I have something to do with those attacks?' she asked coldly...“你在暗示我和那些袭击有关吗？”她冷冷地问。
例：She felt undermined by the implied criticism.她觉得这一含沙射影的批评对自己造成了不利影响。
VERB
含有…的意思;意味着
If an event or situation implies that something is the case, it makes you think it likely that it is the case.
例：Exports in June rose 1.5%, implying that the economy was stronger than many investors had realized...6 月份出口上升 1.5%,表明经济比许多投资者所认为的更要坚挺。
例：A 'frontier-free' Europe implies a greatly increased market for all economic operators.“无国界的”欧洲对所有经营者来说都意味着一个大大扩展了的市场。
adj. 含蓄的；暗指的
 - undemonstrative, allusive

Word: intercom
Front: intercom
[ˈɪntəkɒm] (13367/20483)
Vocabulary: intercom
(once / 14189 pages)
n
An intercom is a device that makes it possible for people to communicate between different rooms or areas of a building. Airplanes use intercoms so the pilot can tell passengers, "Fasten your seat belts!"
Many schools have an intercom system, so that students, teachers, and administrators can broadcast announcements to every classroom. Some intercoms operate as one-way communication, while others are two-way intercoms: a friend's apartment building might have an intercom you can speak into, telling her you've arrived, and she can respond, telling you she's buzzing you in. Intercom, dating from 1940, is a shortened form of intercommunication.
WORD FAMILY
intercom: intercoms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was Cuomo, speaking into the intercom from one of the rail cars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Sam’s desk is a catastrophe of Post-it notes, with an awkwardly placed intercom connecting him to the dining room and kitchen.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Parton laughs at the memory, noting that she commandeered the intercom and led the passengers in Christmas carols at 30,000 feet.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 内部通话系统
分布：对讲机(100%)
→缩写自intercommunication.
US [-tˌɚ.kɑ:m] noun countable
■a device which people speak into when they want to communicate with, for example, someone who is inside a building or in a different room 内部通话设备
n. 对讲机；内部通话装置
 - talkie and walkie, walkie talkie

Word: single-family

Word: reformed
Front: reformed
[riˈfɔ:md] (13306/11712)
Vocabulary: reformed
(once / 1822 pages)
adj
Someone who's reformed is changed in a positive way. A reformed bully has stopped shoving smaller kids around and makes a point of treating everyone kindly.
A reformed prison system would be one that has eliminated controversial punishments like solitary confinement, and a reformed group of military rebels might form a peaceful political party. Sometimes you'll see this adjective in a religious context — for example, Calvinism is known as "Reformed Christianity," a reference to the Protestant Reformation. The Latin root, reformare, means "change."
WORD FAMILY
reformed: reformedly, unreformed+/deform: deformation, deformed, deforming, deforms/deformation: deformational, deformations/deformed: deformedly, deformity / deformity: deformities/ form: biform, deform, formation, formative, formed, forming, formless, forms, multiform, preform, reform / formation: formations, re-formation/ formative: formatively, formatives/formed: ill-formed, re-formed, unformed/formless: formlessly/preform: preformation, preformed, preforms/preformation: preformations/ reform: reformable, reformation, reformative, reformatory, reformed, reformer, reforming, reformism, reforms/reformable: unreformable/ reformation: counterreformation, reformations, self-reformation/reformatory: reformatories/reformer: reformers/reformism: reformist/reformist: reformists/unformed: unformedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
She says state law needs to be reformed.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, while portraying himself as the face of a reformed far right, he persisted in courting a more extreme base.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
That kind of reprieve is an absolute steal for a recently reformed overeater.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 改革过的，革新的
v. 改善( reform的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：改革过的(48%)，新教的(23%)，改革派的(15%)，在行为和性格上改进的(7%)，动词reform的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
US [-'fɔ:rmd] adjective [before noun]
■(especially of a person) changed and improved because no longer doing something harmful （尤指人）悔改的，改过自新的，改邪归正的
• a reformed alcoholic/criminal 改过自新的酒鬼／罪犯
adj. 改革过的；新教的
 - Protestant
v. 改革（reform的过去分词和过去式）
 - innovated

Word: gouge
Front: gouge
[gaʊdʒ] (宝 13329/20145 -1)
Vocabulary: gouge
(once / 4355 pages)
nv
To gouge can mean to make a hole or dent in something, or to swindle or steal by overcharging. If your local gas station raises prices because a storm is coming, you may say that the station owner is gouging you — and that's illegal.
The verb gouge means to cut or carve. You can use special chisels to gouge linoleum for interesting design in printing. As a noun, a gouge is the tool you would use — instead of a flat-head chisel, a gouge has a trough — to make the gouge marks of the design. Another meaning of the verb gouge is an indentation in the surface of something. If you're not careful with the screwdriver, you'll accidentally gouge a hole in the wall.
WORD FAMILY
gouge: gouged, gouger, gouges, gouging+/gouger: gougers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Appiah later scratched the officer’s face and gouged his left eye during a struggle that was recorded on video.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The whitewashed walls of his house are pockmarked with blast marks and jagged holes gouged by flying shrapnel.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Express Scripts shares tumbled 6.7 percent after short-seller Citron Research called the pharmacy benefit manager the “real culprit” in drug price gouging.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: vt. 挖凿; 用拇指插入…的眼睛; 欺诈，诈取
n. 半圆凿; 凿孔; 欺诈，骗子
时态：gouged, gouging, gouges
分布：挖出(52%)，圆凿(24%)，凿孔(8%)，凿(8%)，用圆凿子挖(8%)
→来自拉丁语gulbia, 凿。可能进一步来自skel, 砍，切，词源同scale, coup. 字母l软化u.
【区】gauge（n 标准规格v 测量）；gorge（n 峡谷v 贪婪地吃）
verb transitive
■to make a hole in something in a rough or violent way 凿
• He drove into some railings and gouged a hole in the back of his car. 他开车撞到栏杆上，把车的后部撞了个大洞。
[gaʊdʒ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] gouge sth out
■to remove something by digging or cutting it out of a surface 抠出，挖出
• In Shakespeare's play, 'King Lear', the Earl of Gloucester's eyes are gouged out. 莎士比亚的《李尔王》一剧中，格洛斯特伯爵的眼睛被挖了出来。
[gaʊdʒ] noun countable
■a hole that has been made roughly or violently （凿出的）洞，孔
vt. 用半圆凿子挖；欺骗
 - sell, fox
n. 沟； [木] 圆凿；以圆凿刨
 - sulcus, reen

Word: inefficiency
Front: inefficiency
[ˌɪnɪ'fɪʃntənsɪ] (13310/11824)
Back: n. 无效率，无能; 无效率事例
分布：无效率(64%)，无能(36%)
ADJ-GRADED
无效率的;无能的
Inefficient people, organizations, systems, or machines do not use time, energy, or other resources in the best way.
例：Their communication systems are inefficient in the extreme.他们的通讯系统效率非常差。
例：...the closure of outdated and inefficient factories.设备陈旧、效率低下的工厂的关闭
n. 效率低；无效率；无能
 - disability, crippledom

Word: tote
Front: tote
[təʊt] (13325/24669 -1)
Vocabulary: tote
(once / 3617 pages)
vn
A tote is a bag or basket used to carry things. Toting also refers to lugging things around.
If you ever go to a conference, there's a good chance you might be given a tote, which is also known as a tote bag. Totes help people carry around conference materials, and they can be used to carry all sorts of things, including clothes for a trip or groceries at the store. Also, carrying things around is called toting. Usually, toting refers to carrying things around with difficulty. A giant box is hard to tote around.
WORD FAMILY
tote: toted, toter, totes, toting+/toter: toters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Speaking of “It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” this totes inappropes sitcom is back for a 12th season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While shooting the movie, Gerwig toted around a copy of Susan Sontag’s book “On Photography” or the ’70s feminist essay anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Surgery was successful, but his lungs collapsed twice, and now he totes an oxygen pack with tubes that snake past his signature mustache.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 手提，携带; 背负; 合计; 搬运
n. 手提; 负担; 总额; 装运物
时态：toted, toting, totes
分布：手提(49%)，携带(25%)，搬运(19%)，装载(7%)
US [toʊt] verb transitive informal
■to carry something, especially something heavy or awkward 携带，搬运，背负（尤指重物或不便之物）
• She usually toted the baby around in a backpack. 她通常把婴儿放在背袋里，背着到处走。
• The building was surrounded with bodyguards toting sub-machine guns. 大楼周围有很多手持冲锋枪的卫兵。
• Gun -toting security men were posted at all the entrances. 所有的入口处都部署了配枪保安人员。
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
RACING 比赛
the tote
only singular specialized
■a system of putting bets on horses or dogs in a race （赛马或赛狗的）赌金计算系统
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
BAG 袋
countable
■a tote bag 大手提包，大手提袋
vt. 手提；携带；背负；合计
 - sum, hand carry
n. 手提；负担；总数；装载；拖
 - burden, loading, weight, sum, strain

Word: doubly
Front: doubly
[ˈdʌbli] (13332/9736 -1)
Vocabulary: doubly
(once / 943 pages)
adv
The adverb doubly means "twice as" or "double." If your new French class is doubly hard as last year's class, it's two times harder.
Sometimes people use doubly for general emphasis, to mean "very" or "especially." Your boss might say, "Today's doubly important because the owner of the company will be observing our work." Or you might feel doubly hungry for breakfast after a morning swim. Doubly comes from the adjective double, with its Latin root of duplus, "twofold or twice as much," from duo, "two."
WORD FAMILY
double: doubled, doubler, doubles, doubling, doublingly, doubly +/doubler: doublers/doubling: doublings
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s true is real life is doubly so on television.
Salon(Dec 14, 2016)
This was doubly important because arguably the most important sequence of the film, the end one, is fashioned from all of the earlier musical themes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Health-wise, the more vegetables the better, so dipping them in salsa is a doubly smart move.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 加倍地，双倍地; 两方面地; 有双重原因造成; 倍增
分布：加倍地(46%)，二倍地(27%)，双重地(27%)
adverb
■twice as much, or very much more 加倍地，成倍地
• Losing both the Cup and the League is doubly disappointing (= disappointing in two ways). 在杯赛和联赛中的双双失利使人倍感失望。
adv. 双重地；加倍地；双摺地
 - twifold

Word: alibi
Front: alibi
[ˈæləbaɪ] (宝 13258/16263 -1)
Vocabulary: alibi
(once / 4319 pages)
nv
Your alibi is evidence that proves your innocence. If you were making cookies with your mom when someone raided your sister's piggy bank, your mom is your alibi, since she knows you were with her when the crime was committed.
The noun alibi is the same word as its Latin root, alibi, which means "excuse." When you provide an alibi, you are giving proof — a certified excuse — that you could not have committed a crime. Alibi is easy to confuse with alias, which means "an assumed, or false, name."
WORD FAMILY
alibi: alibied, alibiing, alibis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Washington’s representative, Deputy Ambassador Michele Sison, described that remark as a “made-up alibi.”
Washington Post(Dec 05, 2016)
The US dismissed this as a "made-up alibi", saying Russia wanted to preserve recent military gains by Syrian government troops in Aleppo.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
He continues to alibi for the sweat-lodge death by way of offhand analogies to other adventuresome undertakings.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 犯罪现场; <美口>辩解，托辞; [法]不在犯罪现场的抗辩事实
vi. 辩解; 找借口
vt. 为…辩解; 为（某人）提供不在现场的证词
时态：alibied, alibiing, alibis
分布：托辞(50%)，辩解(40%)，找托辞开脱(5%)，不在场证明或辩解(5%)
→拉丁词。词根al, 其它，同else.
【记】a一个，libi读：礼拜－一个礼拜－被告人一般都有一个礼拜的时间找不在场的证据证明自己的清白－不在场证据
noun countable
■proof that someone who is thought to have committed a crime could not have done it, especially the fact or statement that they were in another place at the time it happened （尤指没有犯罪时间的）不在犯罪现场的证据
• He has a cast-iron (= very strong) alibi - he was in hospital the week of the murder. 他有不在犯罪现场的铁证——谋杀发生的那一周他在住院。
■an excuse for something bad or for a failure 借口，托辞
• After eight years in power, the government can no longer use the previous government's policy as an alibi for its own failure. 本届政府已经执政八年，面对自己的失败，它再不能拿前任政府的政策作挡箭牌了。
n. 犯罪现场；辩解；托辞
 - explanation, venues
vi. 辩解；找借口
 - apologize, make an excuse

Word: dermatologist
Front: dermatologist
[ˌdɜ:məˈtɒlədʒɪst] (宝 13328/28032 -1)
Vocabulary: dermatologist
(once / 22951 pages)
n
The person who examines your moles, acne, and other skin problems is called a dermatologist. Once visited mainly for acne problems, dermatologists have become more important, as skin problems have grown more common with our increased exposure to the sun.
You know that an "-logy" at the end of a word means "study" and that "-logist" means "one who studies. In the noun dermatologist, the object being studied is the derma, the Greek word for "skin." (The Greeks also used it to refer to "leather" or "hide," which still works for diehard sun worshipers. And think of elephants being called "pachyderms," with their "thick skin.") Dermatology and dermatologist both appeared in English in the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
dermatologist: dermatologists+/dermatology: dermatologic, dermatological, dermatologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the morning, I use a sensitive cleansing gel from my dermatologist, Dr. Paul Jarrod Frank, on my face.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Dermatologists often prescribe topical cortisonelike drugs to dampen the immune response and ease inflammation.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
O.K., let’s send him to see the dermatologist, Dr. White agreed.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 皮肤病学家; 皮肤科医生
分布：皮肤科医生(85%)，皮肤学者(15%)
【记】dermat皮肤，ologist学者－皮肤病专家
US [ˌdɝ:.mə'tɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a doctor who studies and treats skin diseases 皮肤科医生

Word: blackboard
Front: blackboard
[ˈblækbɔ:d] (中高 13322/11944 -1)
Back: n. 黑板
分布：黑板(100%)
n.黑板The teacher wrote on the blackboard with a piece of chalk.老师用一支粉笔在黑板上写字.
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a dark surface on a wall or frame which a teacher writes on with chalk (= white substance) 黑板
n. 黑板
 - chalkboard

Word: waffle
Front: waffle
[ˈwɒfl] (宝 13320/22433 -1)
Vocabulary: waffle
(once / 5895 pages)
1n 2v
You might think of a waffle as a grid-patterned pancake-like food that's tasty with syrup, and you'd be right. But the word is also a verb that means to avoid making a definitive decision.
The verb waffle seems to have its origins in the 1690s as the word waff, "to yelp," possibly in imitation of the yelping of dogs. The word soon came to mean "to talk foolishly" and then eventually "to vacillate, to change." The food term waffle, as part of "waffle iron," appeared in 1794, a descendant of the Dutch word wafel, which comes from the same Germanic source as weave: it's easy to see the waffle pattern as similar to a woven fabric.
WORD FAMILY
waffle: waffled, waffler, waffles, waffling+/waffler: wafflers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“At first he promised to send back every illegal immigrant. Now he is waffling on that.”
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Howard said they see a close parallel in the Eggo waffle shortage of 2009, which deprived consumers of the frozen breakfast food for several months.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He ends, by way of an excuse, with a corny dollop of patriotic waffle, an inspiring speech clearly half-cribbed from some star-splattered disaster movie.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 华夫饼; 无聊、含糊的话
vi. 胡扯
vt. 唠叨
时态：waffled, waffling, waffles
分布：华夫饼干(41%)，胡扯(30%)，闲聊(13%)，废话(10%)，无聊的话(6%)
→词源同weave,编织，引申义蜂窝，因这种饼干蜂窝状的外形而得名。waffle 胡扯，唠叨
【记】wa哇，ff，le乐：两个人在哇哇的乐，因为在胡扯
【反】speak unequivocally（清楚地说）
US ['wɑ:.fl] verb intransitive disapproving
■to talk or write a lot without giving any useful information or any clear answers 胡扯；含糊其词
• If you don't know the answer, it's no good just waffling (on) for pages and pages. 假如你不知道答案，一页接一页地乱写也没用。
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
CAKE 蛋糕
countable
■a thin light cake, the surface of which is formed into a pattern of raised squares, eaten especially in the US and Canada （尤指美国和加拿大的）蛋奶烘饼，松饼，窝夫
UK ['wɒf.l] US ['wɑ:.fl] noun
TALK 谈话
uncountable disapproving
■talk or writing that uses a lot of words but does not give any useful information 胡扯；含糊其词
• "What did he say?" "Oh, it was a load of waffle - nothing important at all." “他说了些甚么？”“噢，一堆废话──根本没甚么重要的。”
n. [食品] 华夫饼干；动听而无意义的话；无聊话
 - small change, wish-wash
vi. 胡扯；闲聊
 - chat about, make conversation

Word: geek
Front: geek
[gi:k] (13318/43582)
Vocabulary: geek
(once / 6678 pages)
n
Geek is a slang term for someone who is really intelligent about something, like computers, chess, books, or just about anything. Geeks stand out in a crowd, and not always in a good way, which makes them easy to tease.
Intelligence does more good than stupidity, and the negative way people use the term geek seems unfair. Sure, geeks sometimes dress funny and say weird things about robots, but they’re not bad people. The Scottish root word geck translates as “fool,” and many famous geeks were called fools before their ideas changed the world. Remember, today’s geek is tomorrow’s billionaire. Unless you mean a circus geek, which is a person who bites heads off live animals. They'll never be billionaires.
WORD FAMILY
geek: geeks
USAGE EXAMPLES
And some people are tech geeks, absorbed in new ways to record or quantify or manipulate data.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Is it the isolation of the self-sufficient music geek?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Q: Do you consider yourself a geek or a nerd or both?
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 笨蛋，蠢货; 对电脑痴迷的人; 不可救药的人
分布：极客(68%)，电脑迷(16%)，杂技团表演者(8%)，反常人(8%)
→来自英语方言geck, 笨蛋，傻瓜。最终来自拟声词，咳喉咙的声音，半天憋不出一句话。
[gi:k] informal
noun countable
■a person, especially a man, who is boring and not fashionable （尤指男人）土包子，土老帽儿
• He's such a geek. 他真是个土包子。
n. 做低级滑稽表演的人；反常的人；畸形人；野人
 - Freaks, yowie

Word: Syrian
Front: Syrian
['sɪrɪən] (8183/9356)
Back: n. 叙利亚人；叙利亚语
adj. 叙利亚的；叙利亚语的；叙利亚人的
分布：叙利亚人(89%)，叙利亚语(11%)
noun countable adjective
■Syrian 叙利亚人／叙利亚的

Word: know-how
Front: know-how
[nəʊ haʊ] (宝)
Vocabulary: know-how
(once / 9418 pages)
n
Know-how is the knowledge and skill needed to complete a task. Mechanics have a lot of know-how when it comes to cars.
This folksy word pretty much defines itself: when you have know-how, you know how to do something. People pick up know-how in many ways. In school, you can gain know-how, especially in classes that are very practical. The best way to get know-how is through experience. For example, teachers may learn about teaching in school, but they won't have a lot of know-how till they've spent a few years in front of a class of students.
WORD FAMILY
know-how
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bertsch said for know-how, he turned to staff at St. Joseph’s Hospital and Health Center in Dickinson, which recently underwent the same experience.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“We’re very familiar with digital products now, but the know-how for this kind of precision mechanical work is disappearing.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In addition to lack of resources, some vendors lack business know-how.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 诀窍; 实际知识; 专门技能; 专有技术
分布：诀窍(94%)，技术秘诀(6%)
→比喻用法。
US ['noʊ-] informal
noun uncountable
■practical knowledge and ability 实际知识；技术；技能
• technical know-how 专业技能
n. 诀窍；实际知识；专门技能
 - knack, actual knowledge

Word: battleship
Front: battleship
[ˈbætlʃɪp] (13304/19077 -1)
Vocabulary: battleship
(once / 1749 pages)
n
A battleship is a very large, seagoing military vessel. A battleship is prepared for war, being protected by heavy armor and equipped with guns.
Today's modern military doesn't often use battleships — you're more likely to find a battleship in a harbor being explored by tourists. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, battleships were the most modern, powerful kind of boat on the water, and they were used during both World Wars by various countries' navies. The game Battleship, which shares a name with these warships, has been around in one form or another since the 1930s.
WORD FAMILY
battleship: battleships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later they moved on to Battleship and Monopoly.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
It was Cale’s job to pull bodies from the burning battleship.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Arizona, the American battleship on which the worst losses occurred.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 战舰
分布：战舰(100%)
US ['bætˌ-] noun countable
■a very large military ship with big guns 战舰

Word: steamer
Front: steamer
[ˈsti:mə(r)] (研四六雅 13331/11992 -1)
Back: n. 汽船，轮船; 蒸锅; 蒸汽机; 用蒸汽工作的人
分布：轮船(62%)，汽船(26%)，蒸笼(12%)
→steam,蒸汽，-er,表物。
n.汽船,轮船The bad weather delayed the departure of the steamer.坏天气延误了轮船的起程.
US [-mɚ] noun countable
BOAT 船
■a boat or ship which moves by steam power 汽船；轮船
UK ['sti:.mər] US [-mɚ] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a container with holes in the bottom which is put over boiling water in order to cook food in steam, or a machine which cooks food with steam 蒸笼；蒸锅
• a rice steamer 米饭蒸锅
• a vegetable steamer 蔬菜蒸笼
craft, vessel, ship, canoe, steamer, boat
这组词都有“船”的意思，其区别是：
craft: 船只的集合名词，但可指单独的船只。
vessel: 多指运货或运人的大船。
ship: 含义广，一般指大轮船，如航海船只，内河航运船只。
canoe: 指长而轻，用桨的小舟、独木船。
steamer: 指靠蒸汽发动机为动力的船只。
boat: 泛指任何大小的船只，尤指靠划桨或风帆行进的无篷小船。
n. 轮船；蒸汽机；蒸笼
 - boat, streamboat

Word: dislodge
Front: dislodge
[dɪsˈlɒdʒ] (宝 13346/11359 -1)
Vocabulary: dislodge
(once / 1965 pages)
v
To dislodge is to remove something. When you're choking, you need to dislodge the food from your throat.
When you dislodge, you're moving something from its current position. When sumo wrestlers are going at it, they're trying to dislodge each other from their original positions. Anytime something is stuck and you want it out, it needs to be dislodged. When you're choking, food is lodged in your windpipe. That's a time when you need to dislodge quickly!
WORD FAMILY
dislodge: dislodged, dislodgement, dislodges, dislodging, dislodgment+/dislodgment: dislodgments/ lodge: dislodge, lodged, lodgement, lodger, lodges, lodging, lodgment/lodgement: lodgements/ lodger: lodgers/ lodging: lodgings/lodgment: lodgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The officers’ body cameras in that incident were apparently dislodged or knocked off during the encounter.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Stankovic performed the Heimlich maneuver, which dislodges objects that block the windpipe.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The trooper tackled him to the ground, but officials say the trooper’s sidearm was dislodged from its holster.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…逐出，驱逐; 把…移动
vi. 移走，离开原位
时态：dislodged, dislodging, dislodges
分布：逐出(72%)，移走(19%)，用力移出(9%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。lodge, 安置，安顿。
【记】lodge（n 旅馆；小屋）
【反】anchor（v 固定）
US [-'slɑ:dʒ] verb transitive
■to remove something or someone, especially by force, from a fixed position （尤指在外力作用下）使移位，使免职
• The earthquake dislodged stones from the walls and the roof. 地震震落了墙壁和屋顶上的石头。
• We need two wins to dislodge the French team from first place. 我们得赢两场比赛才能把法国队从第一的位置上挤下去。
vt. 逐出，驱逐；使……移动；用力移动
 - cast out, evict
vi. 驱逐，逐出；离开原位
 - cast out, chase sb./sth. out

Word: cultivated
Front: cultivated
[ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd] (宝 13324/11695 -1)
Vocabulary: cultivated
(once / 291 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective cultivated is used to describe someone who is polite and civilized. The cultivated people at the party would be very offended by crude behavior.
Someone who's cultivated is knowledgeable or at least familiar with the arts, current events, history. He or she probably has traveled widely, or at least has read about other people and places. In other words, a cultivated person is a citizen of the world. As it applies to farming, cultivated soil is tilled, or churned, to prepare it for planting.
WORD FAMILY
cultivated: uncultivated+/cultivable: uncultivable/cultivatable: uncultivatable/ cultivate: cultivable, cultivatable, cultivated, cultivates, cultivating, cultivation, cultivator, overcultivate/ cultivation: cultivations, self-cultivation/cultivator: cultivators/overcultivate: overcultivated
USAGE EXAMPLES
As chief minister of Gujarat, one of India’s wealthier states, Modi cultivated a reputation as a master administrator.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
No meticulously planned stealth release, with its carefully cultivated air of surprise and concealed impact date, was as surprising as David Bowie or Prince’s death.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The blank industrial lawns cultivated by neighbors are nearly devoid of birds, he noted.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 耕种的; 栽培的; 有教养的
v. 耕作(cultivate的过去式和过去分词); 促进增长; 教养，改善; 陶冶思想[感情]建立（友谊）
分布：有教养的(82%)，动词cultivate的过去式和过去分词.(9%)，栽植的(9%)
【反】feral（adj 野生的；未驯服的；野兽的）
US [-tˌə.veɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
ART 文化的
■describes someone who has had a good education and knows a lot about and likes art, music, painting, etc. 有教养的，有修养的，高雅的
UK ['kʌl.tɪ.veɪ.tɪd] US [-tˌə.veɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
LAND 土地的
■describes land which is used to grow crops 已垦殖的；用于耕作的
• cultivated fields/soil/land 耕地
adj. 耕种的；有教养的
 - refined, educated
v. 发展（cultivate的过去分词）；耕作；教化
 - civilized

Word: preface
Front: preface
[ˈprefəs] (研四六雅宝 13278/9103 -1)
Vocabulary: preface
(once / 521 pages)
nv
A preface is an introduction to the main text of a book, when an author or critic can write directly to the reader. A preface often describes how a book came together, like a behind-the-scenes glimpse of the final product.
The preface is a place for extra context, thoughts, or even disclaimers about the text that follows. In his preface to Lyrical Ballads, the famous poet William Wordsworth wrote, “The majority of the following poems are to be considered as experiments.” In other words, “Don’t judge me too harshly!” Preface can also be used as a verb meaning "introduce." When you preface a statement with, “No offense but... ,” the person you’re talking to braces for criticism.
WORD FAMILY
preface: prefaced, prefaces, prefacing, prefatorial
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I told him the rest wasn’t important and I wanted to understand his life, why he begged,” Debré explains in the book’s preface.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Let's preface all of this by saying that we can't verify for sure if this is real, because well, look at it.
Golf Digest(Dec 26, 2016)
This year, the list was prefaced with a complaint about, who else, Donald Trump.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 序言，引语; 开端，前奏; [宗]（弥撒的）序诵，序祷
vi. &vt. 作为…的序言，作为…的开端; 作序; 给…作序; 开始，导致
时态：prefaced, prefacing, prefaces
分布：前言(85%)，序文(7%)，绪言(5%)，以…开始(3%)
→来自古法语preface,前奏，来自拉丁语praefitio,介绍，序言，来自praefari,在前面说的话，来自prae,在前面，fari,说话，来自bha,说话，词源同fable,fame,fate.
前言,序言(pre前面+face→前脸→前言)[fac,fic=face,表示"脸,面"]
n.序言,引言,前言v.作序,写前言The preface is written on the surface of the furnace that faces the space facilities.序言写在面对太空设施的火炉表面.
【记】pre前，face脸－书前面的脸－序言
【参】prefigure（v 预示）；figure（v 描绘；塑造）
【反】epilogue（n 结语；尾声）
noun countable
■an introduction at the beginning of a book explaining its aims 序言，前言
• In his preface, the author says that he took eight years to write the book. 在前言中，作者说他写这本书花了八年。
a preface to sth
■an event which comes before something more important …的序幕（或前奏）
• We're hoping these talks could be a preface to peace. 我们希望这些会谈能拉开和平的序幕。
['pref.ɪs] verb transitive formal
■If you preface your words or actions with something else, you say or do this other thing first 为…写序言；作为…的开端（或序幕）
• Each work is prefaced by a descriptive note and concludes with an author's note. 每一篇作品都以说明性文字作开端，以作者自己的批注为结尾。
• I should like to preface my response with the following observation. 我想用以下评论作为我回应的开头。
preface, introduction
这组词都有“前言，导言”的意思，其区别是：
preface: 指作者或编者为说明全书的目的、范围、编辑方法等在序言之前写的一段简短的序文。
introduction: 普通用词，指任何作品开头对读者或听众说明或介绍该作品，起引导作用的结论部分，和全书内容是一致的。
n. 前言；引语
 - prolegomena, perface
vt. 为…加序言；以…开始
 - begin with, open with

Word: dripping
Front: dripping
[ˈdrɪpɪŋ] (13333/20492)
Back: n. 滴; 滴下; 滴下物; 油滴
v. （使）滴下( drip的现在分词 ); 滴出; 含有; 充满
分布：滴落(43%)，湿淋淋的(30%)，油滴(22%)，动词drip的现在分词.(5%)
noun uncountable (US usually drippings)
■the fat that has come out of meat during cooking （肉类在烹调过程中冒出的）油滴
• beef dripping 牛肉油滴
['drɪp.ɪŋ] adjective [after verb]
■very wet 很湿的，湿透的
• It's so hot outside - I'm absolutely dripping (wet). 外面太热了——我都湿透了。
• Jim had just been on a run and was dripping with sweat. 吉姆刚跑了一阵，浑身大汗淋漓。
n. 滴；水滴；滴下物
 - drop, gutta
adj. 湿淋淋的；欲滴的
 - wringing-wet
v. 滴下（drip的ing形式）
 - dribbling

Word: pendant
Front: pendant
[ˈpendənt] (托 13335/12764)
Vocabulary: pendant
(once / 2403 pages)
nadj
If you’re wearing a necklace with a large gold heart on a delicate chain, then you have a pendant, an ornament that hangs on a chain.
The word pendant traces back to the Latin word, pendere, meaning "to hang," which tips you off that pendant is a word describing something that hangs, like an ornament that hangs on a chain or a type of light that hangs from the ceiling. As an adjective, pendant means "held from above," like the pendant rock formations that hang from the cave's ceiling.
WORD FAMILY
pendant: pendants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sometimes it is based on knowledge, like tips on hanging a pendant light that you get from someone at the hardware store.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Crystal pendants glint on bronze chandeliers hanging from a low ceiling crisscrossed with reclaimed wood beams.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He unearthed the pendant whilst exploring a field in Winfarthing, near Diss, after initially detecting a bronze bowl.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （装在项链等上的）垂饰，坠儿
分布：垂饰(79%)，下垂的(13%)，悬挂物(8%)
→来自拉丁语pendere,悬挂，来自spend,*spen,拉，伸，词源同span,pendulum.引申词义项链上的垂饰。
下垂物a.吊着的(pend+ant)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
noun countable
■a piece of jewellery which is worn round the neck, consisting of a long chain with an object hanging from it, or the object itself 有垂饰的项炼；（项炼上的）垂饰，挂件
• She was wearing a crystal pendant. 她戴着一个水晶垂饰。
• It was a necklace with a diamond pendant. 那是一条带有钻石垂饰的项炼。
['pen.dənt] adjective
■ pendent
n. [建] [地质] 下垂物，垂饰
 - lappet, bulla

Word: wail
Front: wail
[weɪl] (托雅宝 8887/9985 -1)
Vocabulary: wail
(once / 391 pages)
nv
To wail is to let loose a long loud cry. If you're feeling truly miserable, take a deep breath and wail as loudly as possible.
When it comes to expressing unhappiness, wailing lies at the extreme end of the spectrum. So, it's best to save this response for life's most unpleasant moments — unless you're a jazz musician. In jazz terminology, wailing on one's instrument is actually a good thing. What's the connection between an eardrum-shattering expression of misery and a hot jam session? The answer to that question may depend on your personal musical preferences.
WORD FAMILY
wail: wailed, wailer, wailful, wailing, wails+/wailer: wailers/wailful: wailfully/wailing: wailingly, wailings
USAGE EXAMPLES
There the inmates shouted and wailed through the night, he said, and the place was thick with rodents.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
When Amarion wailed for hours in the middle of the night, Gwen would stay awake until 4 a.m. with him, often crying just as hard.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
As “Sunset” opens, sirens wail through Los Angeles toward “one of those great big houses in the 10,000 block.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 哭叫，哀号
n. 痛哭，哭声
时态：wailed, wailing, wails
分布：悲叹(47%)，痛哭(38%)，尖叫声(9%)，发出似哭的尖声(6%)
→拟声词。比较woe.
【记】w＝weep，ail（v 得小病）：大哭
verb
intransitive or transitive mainly disapproving
■to make a long, high cry, usually because of pain or sadness 恸哭；号啕大哭
• The women gathered around the coffin and began to wail, as was the custom in the region. 女人们都围到了棺材旁，开始号啕大哭，当地的风俗就是这样。
• [+ speech] "My finger hurts, " wailed the child. “我的手指头很痛，”那个孩子大哭道。
intransitive informal
■to complain loudly or strongly 高声抱怨；大发牢骚
• [+ that] Business people wailed that their trade would be ruined. 生意人都强烈抱怨说他们的买卖会被毁掉的。
[weɪl] noun countable
■a long, high, loud cry, especially because of something unpleasant 恸哭；号啕大哭
• a wail of anguish 痛苦的哀号
• the wail of the police sirens 警笛的尖啸声
vi. 哀号；悲叹
 - moan
n. 哀号；悲叹；恸哭声
 - regret, lamentation

Word: impulsive
Front: impulsive
[ɪmˈpʌlsɪv] (托宝 13349/15324 -1)
Vocabulary: impulsive
(once / 821 pages)
1adj 2adj
If someone is impulsive, it means that they act on instinct, without thinking decisions through. If you worked for an entire year to save money for a car and then suddenly decided to spend it all on an outfit instead, that would be an impulsive purchase.
Impulses are short, quick feelings, and if someone is in the habit of acting on them, they're impulsive. When stores stock chocolate at the checkout line, they are hoping you will impulsively decide to buy it. When you call the person you have a crush on after promising yourself all day to maintain an air of dignified reserve, that's impulsive behavior. We might also call impulsive behavior whimsical or capricious.
WORD FAMILY
impulsive: impulsively, impulsiveness, impulsiver+/ impel: impelled, impellent, impeller, impelling, impels, impulsion, impulsive /impeller: impellers/impelling: impellingly/impulsion: impulsions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, markets will be driven up and down as much by Donald Trump’s impulsive tweets as by economic reality.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“This is no job for impulsive, timid or inattentive souls.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ideally, the President would never be short-tempered, impulsive, or clinically depressed.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 冲动的; 任性的; 受感情驱使的; [物]瞬动的，冲击的
分布：冲动的(90%)，任性的(10%)
→来自impulse,冲动。
冲动的(impulse+ive)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
adjective
■showing behaviour in which you do things suddenly without any planning and without considering the effects they may have 冲动的
• Don't be so impulsive - think before you act. 不要如此冲动——要三思而后行。
• an impulsive man/decision/gesture 冲动的人／决定／举动
adj. 冲动的；受感情驱使的；任性的
 - impetuous, wayward

Word: stout
Front: stout
[staʊt] (高六托宝 13326/9786 -1)
Vocabulary: stout
(once / 206 pages)
adjn
Stout describes something fat, dependable, or rugged. If someone calls you stout, ask them exactly what they mean before bursting into tears and skipping dinner. It could be a compliment!
Most supermodels would not want to be described as stout, which is often a nicer way of saying "fat." But a little teapot doesn't mind being "short and stout." Something stout is dependable, too, like your favorite snow boots that keep your feet dry winter after winter. Since it also means "sturdy," if you call that supermodel stout when he prances through the finish line of a triathlon, he'll just pump his fist in agreement.
WORD FAMILY
stout: stouter, stoutest, stoutly, stoutness, stouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And despite stout opposition, the streak reached 87 with Connecticut’s 87-81 victory.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The show also contains 11 of Stout’s graphite drawings, whose finely textured images range through the gray spectrum and seem almost veiled.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Here she uses stout, along with whole grain mustard, garlic, minced thyme, malt vinegar, grated Parmesan and soy sauce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 强壮的; 结实的; 勇敢的; 坚定的
n. 烈性黑啤酒; 胖子; 特大号
级别：stouter, stoutest
分布：肥胖的(26%)，强壮的(23%)，坚定的(23%)，牢固的(20%)，烈啤酒(8%)
→来自古法语 estout,勇敢的，狂暴的，骄傲的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stultaz,雄壮的，庄严的， 沉稳的，来自 stel,放置，站立，词源同 stall,still.字母 l 软化为 u.词义贬义化为粗壮的， 肥壮的。
adjective
PERSON 人
■(especially of older people) quite fat and solid-looking, especially around the waist （尤指上年纪的人腰部）粗壮结实的
• Mrs Blower was the rather stout lady with the glasses. 布洛尔太太就是那个肥硕、戴眼镜的女人。
[staʊt] adjective
OBJECT 物体 approving
■describes objects that are strongly made from thick, strong materials 结实的，厚实的，牢固的
• I've bought myself a pair of good stout boots for hiking. 我给自己买了双厚实耐穿的靴子健行时穿。
[staʊt] adjective
CHARACTER 性格
[before noun] literary
■strong and determined 不屈不挠的，顽强的
• He needed a cool head, a stout heart and nerves of steel. 他需要具备冷静的头脑、不屈不挠的勇气和钢铁般的意志。
[staʊt] noun uncountable
■a dark bitter and slightly creamy type of beer 烈性黑啤酒
stout, plump, fat
这组词都有“肥胖的”的意思，其区别是：
stout: 指膀粗腰圆，身体笨重，暗示肥壮。
plump: 指胖得匀称好看，有曲线感。
fat: 通俗用词，略含贬义。指因体内脂肪过多而显肥胖。
adj. 结实的；矮胖的；勇敢的；激烈的
 - acute, solid, firm, tough, game
n. 矮胖子； [食品] 烈性啤酒
 - punchinello

Word: shudder
Front: shudder
[ˈʃʌdə(r)] (宝 7900/6762 -1)
Vocabulary: shudder
(once / 272 pages)
vn
A shudder is an involuntary vibration, usually in your body, or the shaking itself. A cold breeze or an unpleasant memory might make you shudder.
A shudder isn't always a bad thing. It can mean a pleasurable sensation or tingle that goes through your body, like a shudder of excitement you feel when you see your favorite star on the street. As a verb, shudder means to shake and shiver. Being really cold or seeing something that scares you — a ghost! — can make you shudder. The phrase "shudder to think" means just the thought of something upsets you enough to shudder.
WORD FAMILY
shudder: shuddered, shuddering, shudders, shuddery+/shuddering: shudderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
“They threatened execution many times,” Mr. Garratt said with a shudder.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
I shuddered at the same photos that chilled the victims’ families.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: vt. & vi. 战栗; 发抖; 震动; 颤动
n. 颤动，打颤; 战栗
时态：shuddered, shuddering, shudders
分布：战栗(51%)，发抖(43%)，震颤(6%)
→来自中古低地德语 schoderen,颤抖，摇晃，来自 Proto-Germanic*skuth,摇晃，晃动，可能来 自 skek,摇晃，词源同 shake.-er,表反复。拼写比较 red,rouge.
【记】读：杀得－此人杀得，那人就会颤栗
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
 ADVANCED
■to shake suddenly with very small movements because of a very unpleasant thought or feeling （因有令人不快的想法或感觉而）战栗，发抖
• The sight of so much blood made him shudder. 看到那么多的血，他不禁浑身颤抖。
• She shuddered at the thought of kissing him. 她一想到亲吻他就禁不住发抖。
 ADVANCED
■When something shudders, it shakes violently and quickly 剧烈震动
• I heard a massive explosion and the ground shuddered beneath me. 我听到一声巨大的爆炸声，脚下的地面随之剧烈震动。
• There was a screech of brakes and the bus shuddered to a halt (= shook violently and stopped). 伴随着一声尖厉的急煞车声，公车剧烈地晃动着停了下来。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
I shudder to think
■said when you are worried about something unpleasant that might happen or might have happened 我一想到…就惴惴不安，我真不敢想
• I shudder to think what my parents will say when I tell them I've failed my exams. 我真不敢想如果告诉父母自己没有通过考试他们会怎么说。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
shudder to a halt
■If a system shudders to a halt, it suddenly stops working （系统）突然失灵
• The economy has shuddered to a halt because of the civil war. 内战使经济一下子陷入停滞。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
■when someone or something shudders 发抖，战栗
• He gave a slight shudder as he considered how near he had come to death. 想到自己曾与死神那么接近，他禁不住微微发抖。
• She recalled with a shudder how her boss had once tried to kiss her. 她回想起她的老板如何试图强吻她时，不禁浑身颤抖。
• figurative Britain's second biggest supermarket chain has sent a shudder through (= has had a strong effect on) its rivals by slashing its prices. 英国的第二大连锁超市透过大幅降价给对手造成极大的震撼。
UK ['ʃʌd.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
send shudders /a shudder down your spine
■to cause you to feel extremely worried or frightened 使（某人）不寒而栗
• When I think of what might have happened in the accident, it sends shudders down my spine. 想到当时事故中可能出现的状况，我就不寒而栗。
tremble, shudder, quiver, shake, vibrate, shiver
这组词都有“震动，颤抖”的意思，其区别是：
tremble: 指由于寒冷、虚弱、愤怒或恐惧等而发抖、战栗。
shudder: 着重指由于恐惧、震惊等而引起的全身突然而强烈地战栗。
quiver: 多用于指事物。指物体像乐器的弦一般地轻微而急速地颤动。
shake: 最普通用词，含义广。指人或物不自主地颤动、摇摆，常侧重剧烈和无规律。
vibrate: 指急速地连续震动，也指钟摆等的来回摆动。
shiver: 指因寒冷或情绪突变而出现的短时间的轻微和快速的颤抖。
n. 发抖；战栗；震动
 - shock, shaking
vi. 发抖；战栗
 - shake, tremble

Word: funk
Front: funk
[fʌŋk] (13330/27484 -1)
Vocabulary: funk
(once / 4145 pages)
1n 2n 3v
If you're in a funk, it means that you've been feeling sad. You might be in a serious funk after your best friend moves across the country.
One way to use funk is to mean "blues" or "depression." Everyone's in a funk sometimes — for some people, the shorter, darker winter days automatically put them in a bit of a funk. Funk also refers to a bluesy kind of music with a strong underlying bass rhythm. It comes from funky, which means "stinky" or "musty smelling," from the French funkière, "smoke." In African American music, funky became a compliment, a description of soulful, earthy music — like funk itself.
WORD FAMILY
funk: funked, funking, funks, funky +/ funky: funkier, funkiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then the Giants’ offense fell into a familiar funk, failing to remain on the field long enough to rest an overtaxed defense.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We enter Studio A, where Prince in the 1980s pioneered the Minneapolis Sound, a synthesizer-based brand of funk.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
There’s not much reason to think Los Angeles will shake its offensive funk in the finale, but Fassel remains hopeful.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 惊恐; 沮丧; 懦夫
vt. （因恐惧）避开（某事物）; 害怕; 使闻到刺鼻的味道
vi. 畏缩; 发出刺鼻臭味
时态：funked, funking, funks
分布：恐惧(80%)，乡土音乐(12%)，懦夫(8%)
→来自拉丁语fumigare, 烟熏，臭气，难闻，词源同fumigate. 该词最初是白人用来指黑人身上的味道。后来黑人音乐家用该词来形容他们的爵士风格，随着爵士乐的流行，逐渐赋予该词更多的褒义色彩。恐慌，懦夫义据说来自牛津大学俚语，来自难闻的烟臭味。
noun uncountable
■a style of music, usually for dancing to, with a strong rhythm based on jazz and a tune that repeats itself 乡土爵士乐，放克
• James Brown is the master of funk. 詹姆斯‧布朗是乡土爵士乐的大师。
[fʌŋk] noun uncountable
be in a funk US informal
■to be very unhappy and without hope 消沉；沮丧
• He's been in a real funk since she left him. 自从她离开他之后，他变得很消沉。
n. 恐惧；怯懦；恐怖；臭味
 - fear, terror, smell
vt. 害怕；畏缩；使闻到臭味
 - be nervous of, be afraid to
vi. 惊恐；畏缩；发出臭味
 - recoil from, shrink back from

Word: headline
Front: headline
[ˈhedlaɪn] (高研四六 3293/4488 -3)
Vocabulary: headline
(once / 553 pages)
nv
A headline is the title of a newspaper story. You'll know the headline, because it's printed in the largest font on the front of the paper.
Printed newspapers have headlines, and online journals, magazines, and newspapers also use headlines. A headline is the title of a story in the paper, and it's usually easy to spot by its large, bold letters. Sometimes television and radio news also use the word headline to mean the biggest, most important news stories of the day. The word was originally a printer's term for the title and page number, and by 1890 it meant "newspaper title."
WORD FAMILY
headline: headlined, headliner, headlines, headlining+/ headliner: headliners
USAGE EXAMPLES
The theme of the Rose Parade that year was "Headlines in Flowers."
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
Capucci remained in the headlines following his release, attempting to mediate in the Iran hostage crisis.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Nightly visions appear to us in the form of bold, 72-point type headlines.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 大字标题; 新闻提要; 头条新闻
vt. 给…加标题; 担任主角
时态：headlined, headlining, headlines
分布：头条新闻(51%)，大字标题(29%)，加标题于(7%)，新闻提要(7%)，宣扬(3%)，作主角(3%)
→head,头，line,线。引申词义标题。
标题(head+line字行→头一行字→标题)[head=head,表示"头"]
n.大字标题,新闻标题The heading is "Headline of Headlong Pleadings".标题为"仓促答辩状的摘要".
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a line of words printed in large letters as the title of a story in a newspaper, or the main points of the news that are broadcast on television or radio （报纸的）标题；（电视或广播的）内容提要
• The news of his death was splashed in headlines across all the newspapers. 所有报纸均以显著的标题刊登了他死亡的消息。
• the eight o'clock headlines 八点钟的新闻提要
Compare by-line
['hed.laɪn] verb transitive + object + noun
■to have something as a headline or as the main story 以…为标题；以…为主要故事
• The story was headlined 'Killer dogs on the loose'. 这篇报道的标题是：“杀人恶犬肆意逞凶”。
■to be the main performer at an entertainment event （在娱乐活动中）扮演主角，充当主角
• The band's headlining appearance at the Reading Festival could be their last. 这支乐队在雷丁音乐节上担纲演出，但这可能是他们的最后一次表演了。
n. 大标题；内容提要；栏外标题；头版头条新闻
 - argument, spreadhead

Word: radiator
Front: radiator
[ˈreɪdieɪtə(r)] (六 13342/7281 -1)
Vocabulary: radiator
(once / 6099 pages)
n
A room in an old house is often heated by a radiator, a metal device made up of pipes that circulate steam or hot water.
If your house is heated with radiators, there will usually be one in each room, all connected to a central heating system. A radiator gets hot, and it sends that heat out into the room — in other words, it radiates heat. In fact, the word radiator originally meant "anything that radiates," including heat, light, or energy. By the 1850's, radiator had come to primarily mean "heater in a building or house."
WORD FAMILY
radiator: radiators+/ radiance: radiances/ radiate: radiance, radiancy, radiated, radiately, radiates, radiating, radiatingly, radiation, radiator / radiation: radiations
USAGE EXAMPLES
On the other hand, Radiator doesn't require waiting in line for an hour or two just to get in.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
They wound up in an apartment for the homeless, where their daughters were scalded by radiator steam.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Injuries from radiators usually occur from contact with the heated metal.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 暖气片，散热器; （汽车引擎的）冷却器; 辐射体; 冰箱
分布：散热器(84%)，暖气片(11%)，辐射体(5%)
→来自 radiate,放射，发散。后用于指暖气片，散热器等。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device, usually a container filled with water, that sends out heat, often as part of a heating or cooling system （通常指依靠水回圈的）暖气装置；散热器；冷却器
• When we installed the central heating, we put a radiator in every room. 我们安装中央供暖系统时，在每个房间都安了散热器。
• My car engine overheated because the water had leaked out of the radiator. 我的汽车散热器漏水，导致引擎过热。
n. [电] 散热器； [建] 暖气片； [声] [物] [核] 辐射体
 - heatsink, heating unit

Word: haste
Front: haste
[heɪst] (研四六托雅 13347/9482 -1)
Vocabulary: haste
(once / 79 pages)
n
When something is done in haste, it's done fast, and often with carelessness. In his haste to finish the paper, he didn't notice he had replaced "taste" with "waste" during spell-checking, so his title became "Foods of Our Home State: What a Waste!"
The old saying goes "haste makes waste," and when you try to do things too quickly, sometimes you do them wrong or have to do them all over again. You can use the noun haste for things done with extraordinary speed and often in a situation where there's pressure to perform or complete a task. "In her haste to catch the train she ran six blocks, but when she boarded, she noticed she was wearing one blue tennis shoe and one red one."
WORD FAMILY
haste: hastes, hasty +/ hasty: hastier, hastiest, hastily, hastiness, hastyly, overhasty/overhasty: overhastily
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he added that Russia would not act "in haste" and alluded to the upcoming change at the helm of the US.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
“Haste is universal because everyone is in flight from himself.”
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
So far, Indians are depositing their money in the banking system with impressive haste.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 匆忙，急忙; 急速，紧迫; 轻率
v. 赶紧，匆忙; <古>使快，催促
分布：匆忙(55%)，急忙(22%)，急速(13%)，赶快(10%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*haifstiz,冲突，争执，斗争，来自keibh,狂暴的，迅速的，可能来自skei,砍，劈，词源同scissor,shear.引申词义催促。
n.匆忙,急速;草率v.赶快;匆忙I tasted the paste in haste and cast it on the waste plaster.我匆忙品尝了浆糊然后将其丢在废泥灰上.
noun uncountable disapproving
■(too much) speed 匆忙，仓促
• Unfortunately the report was prepared in haste and contained several inaccuracies. 遗憾的是，这份报告准备得有些仓促，里面有几处不准确的地方。
• [+ to infinitive] In her haste to get up from the table, she knocked over a cup. 她匆忙从桌边站起来，结果碰翻了一个茶杯。
• His father had just died and he didn't want to marry with indecent haste. 父亲刚刚去世，他不想太过匆忙地结婚——那样做有悖情理。
[heɪst] noun uncountable disapproving
make haste old use
■hurry up 赶快，抓紧
• Make haste! 快一点！
[heɪst] noun uncountable disapproving
More haste less speed. UK saying
■said to mean that if you try to do things too quickly, it will take you longer in the end 欲速则不达。
haste, hurry, speed, dispatch
这组词都有“迅速，急速”的意思，其区别是：
haste: 中性词，用作褒义指动作迅速，事情做得又快又好；作贬义用时，指做事急躁，行为鲁莽，得不到预期的结果。
hurry: 指急速从事某项活动或匆忙对付一件事情，含明显慌乱的意味。
speed: 多用于褒义，指行动敏捷快速，效果好。
dispatch: 指迅速、敏捷地结事某事，强调敏捷和及时。
n. 匆忙；急忙；轻率
 - hurry, hasty indeed
vi. 匆忙；赶紧
 - hurry, rush
vt. 赶快
 - hurry up, get a move on, shake it up, snap it up

Word: circumstantial
Front: circumstantial
[ˌsɜ:kəmˈstænʃl] (宝 13341/14553)
Vocabulary: circumstantial
(once / 2264 pages)
adj
Circumstantial is a word that refers to specific details about something: in other words, about circumstances. Circumstantial evidence might implicate someone's guilt, but it certainly doesn't prove them guilty.
The word circumstances refers to the facts of your life: everyone has different circumstances. So the word circumstantial refers to the specific details of some situation. This word is most often heard in the term circumstantial evidence, which you may have heard on a TV crime or trial program. Circumstantial evidence might lead a detective to suspect someone's guilt, but eyewitness testimony may be needed to convince the jury.
WORD FAMILY
circumstantial: circumstantially+/ circumstance: circumstances, circumstantial
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is circumstantial evidence of this process at work.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
In addition, the Florida Supreme Court has shown an inclination to overturn guilty verdicts from juries in murder cases where the evidence was mainly circumstantial.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Sherman reports that the scientists, led by University of Michigan computer scientist J. Alex Halderman, “so far have only a circumstantial case”:
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. （指描述）详细的; （指证据）有充分细节却无法证实的
分布：详细的(60%)，依情况而定的(40%)
【参】circumstantiality（n 情况细节，偶然性）
US [ˌsɝ:.kəm'-] adjective
■containing information, especially about a crime, which makes you think something is true but does not completely prove it （尤指关于犯罪）间接的，按情况推测的
• circumstantial evidence 间接证据
• The case against her was circumstantial. 对她不利的论据是推测而来的。
adj. 依照情况的；详细的，详尽的
 - strict, detailed, particular, specific, full

Word: fumble
Front: fumble
[ˈfʌmbl] (宝 7872/9156 -1)
Vocabulary: fumble
(once / 855 pages)
1v 2n
If you're a football fan you know all about the agony of the fumble — the clumsy handling of the ball that makes you drop it or lose possession.
Fumbling is an uncoordinated movement that can involve your entire body, not just your hands. Witness the poor parent of a newborn trying to fumble with a diaper on at three in the morning. Fumble has a more metaphorical meaning as well, meaning to mess up or mishandle. Politicians are often accused of fumbling the major issues.
WORD FAMILY
fumble: fumbled, fumbler, fumbles, fumbling+/fumbler: fumblers/fumbling: fumblingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he also threw an interception and lost a fumble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Cook was 14 of 21 with a touchdown to Amari Cooper, an interception and a lost fumble against the defending Super Bowl champion Broncos.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
EJ Manuel , who was 9 of 20 for 86 yards and lost a fumble in the start, is scheduled to be a free agent.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. 乱摸，摸索; 笨手笨脚地做; [橄榄球] 失球; [棒球]漏接
vt. 弄乱; 笨拙地做
n. 摸索; 失球，接漏球
时态：fumbled, fumbling, fumbles
分布：摸索(61%)，失球(16%)，漏接球(10%)，笨拙地做(7%)，笨手笨脚地做(3%)，弄乱(3%)
→拟声词，模仿笨拙的声音。比较bumble, stumble.
【记】原指：棒球中漏接地面球读：翻吧！
【反】handle adroitly（灵巧地处理或触摸）
verb
DO STH AWKWARDLY 笨手笨脚地做
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to do something awkwardly, especially when using your hands 笨手笨脚地做；（尤指）摸索，乱摸
• I fumbled with the lock. 我笨手笨脚地想把锁打开。
• He fumbled in his pockets for some change. 他在口袋里摸索着找零钱。
• She fumbled around/about in her handbag, looking for her key. 她在手提袋里摸索着找锁匙。
• They fumbled around/about (= moved awkwardly) in the dark, trying to find their way out of the cinema. 他们在黑暗中摸索，想从电影院里出去。
['fʌm.bl] verb
SPORT 运动
transitive
■in sport, to fail to catch a ball 漏接（球）
• If Wilson hadn't fumbled that catch , we might have won the match. 如果威尔逊没有漏掉那个球，这场比赛我们可能就会赢了。
['fʌm.bl] verb
THINK OF A WORD 思考词语
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to have difficulty saying or thinking of suitable words 找不到合适的词表达；搜肠刮肚
• I was fumbling for the right word. 我正在搜肠刮肚，想找一个合适的词。
vt. 摸索；笨拙地做；漏接
 - feel about, fish for
vi. 摸索；笨拙地行动；漏球
 - feel about, fish for
n. 摸索；笨拙的处理；漏球
 - floccillation

Word: yell
Front: yell
[jel] (高研四六托 2628/5181 -2)
Back: vt. & vi. 叫喊，大声叫; 叫喊着说
n. 叫喊，大声叫; （拉拉队鼓动运动员的）呼喊声
时态：yelled, yelling, yells
分布：大叫(53%)，大喊(47%)
→来自ghel,叫喊，呼喊，拟声词，词源同nightingale,yelp.
vi.大叫;呼喊vt.叫着说n.叫声;喊声The cellar-dweller yelled, "Fell the jellyfish burglar!"住地下室的人喊道:"打倒海蜇窃贼!"
verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to shout something or make a loud noise, usually when you are angry, in pain or excited （通常指生气、疼痛或激动时）叫喊，吼叫（着说）
• Our neighbours were yelling (obscenities) at each other this morning. 今天早晨我们的邻居在互相破口大骂。
• The child yelled out in pain. 孩子痛得大叫起来。
• [+ speech] "Just get out of here!" she yelled. “滚出去！”她大吼道。
call, scream, yell, roar, shriek, exclaim, shout, cry
这组词都有“喊”的意思，其区别是：
call: 指大声说话或喊叫，以引起某人的注意。
scream: 指因恐具、快乐或痛苦而发出的尖叫声。
yell: 多指求援、鼓励时的呼叫。也可指因外界因素刺激而发出尖厉声音。
roar: 指发出大而深沉的声音、吼叫或咆哮。
shriek: 指因惊恐、痛苦等或其它感情而发出比scream更为尖锐、刺耳的叫声。
exclaim: 多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。
shout: 指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、发命令或唤起注意等。
cry: 一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。
vi. 大叫，叫喊
 - scream out, shout out
n. 喊声，叫声
 - cry, wow

Word: shipyard
Front: shipyard
[ˈʃɪpjɑ:d] (13295/12161 -1)
Back: n. 船坞; 造船厂
分布：造船厂(100%)
US [-jɑ:rd] noun countable
■a place where ships are built or repaired 船坞；造船厂；修船厂
n. 造船厂；船坞；修船厂
 - dockyard, boatyard

Word: estuary
Front: estuary
[ˈestʃuəri] (宝 13321/7154 -1)
Vocabulary: estuary
(once / 3210 pages)
n
An estuary is the place in the water where a tide and a river current meet, like the estuary at New York Harbor, where the Hudson River meets the Atlantic Ocean.
Estuary, pronounced "ES-choo-air-ee," comes from the Latin word aestuarium, meaning "a tidal marsh or opening." The calm waters of an estuary, where the mouth of a river connects with the open sea and fresh water mixes with salty ocean water, makes the perfect home for many species of aquatic plants and animals. Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound are estuaries.
WORD FAMILY
estuary: estuarial, estuaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The year-long arts festival will start with a fireworks display over the Humber Estuary on New Year's Day.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Originating in the Sierra Nevada, the rivers eventually drain into the Bay estuary, feeding its unique ecosystem.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Environmental concerns are another, as some places with particularly strong tides are also sensitive ecosystems, such as estuaries.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （江河入海的）河口，河口湾; 港湾
分布：河口(63%)，江口(32%)，海湾(5%)
→来自aidh, 燃烧，沸腾，词源同edifice, ether. 因河口湍急的水流而得名。
【记】eat＝east东，ary场所：东边的场所－黄河、长江的入海口
【参】apiary（n 养蜂场）一个pi的场所；aviary（n 大鸟笼，鸟舍）
US [-tu.er.i] noun countable
■the wide part of a river at the place where it joins the sea （江河入海的）河口
• the Thames estuary 泰晤士河河口
• the Rance estuary 朗斯河河口
n. [地理] [水文] 河口；江口
 - kuala, river mouth

Word: consolidated
Front: consolidated
[kən'sɒlɪdeɪtɪd] (13348/10612)
Vocabulary: consolidated
(once / 1515 pages)
adj
When things are consolidated they're combined so they become stronger or more solid. You might melt two metals together, and when they cool, you'll have a consolidated compound that's stronger than either metal alone.
When you get married, if you and your spouse put all your belongings together, you might end up with two garlic presses and two electric drills, but you'll have a consolidated household. When you see "Consolidated" in the name of a company, you can expect that the company is made up of several companies that merged. The adjective consolidated comes from the Latin roots con- "together," and solidatus, "make solid."
WORD FAMILY
consolidated: unconsolidated+/ consolidate: consolidated, consolidates, consolidating, consolidation, consolidative/ consolidation: consolidations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company’s headquarters are about to be consolidated in Ligety’s hometown of Park City, Utah.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As Russian and Syrian forces secured and consolidated eastern Aleppo, Syrian president Bashar Assad was showing signs of increasing confidence in his position.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
With newly consolidated resources and focus, Diggs sees his church, along with others in Oxford, playing an important role in the life of the community.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 加固的，整理过的，统一的
adj. 团结的，统一的
v. （使）巩固， （使）加强( consolidate的过去式和过去分词 ); （使）合并
分布：统一的(44%)，加固的(28%)，整理过的(28%)
VERB
加强;巩固
If you consolidate something that you have, for example power or success, you strengthen it so that it becomes more effective or secure.
例：The question is: will the junta consolidate its power by force?...问题是：军政府会通过武力巩固其政权吗？
例：Brydon's team-mate Martin Williamson consolidated his lead in the National League when he won the latest round.布赖登的队友马丁·威廉森在最近一轮比赛中获胜，巩固了自己在全国联赛中的领先地位。
VERB
合并;使联合
To consolidate a number of small groups or firms means to make them into one large organization.
例：Judge Charles Schwartz is giving the state 60 days to disband and consolidate Louisiana's four higher education boards...查尔斯·施瓦茨法官将给路易斯安那州60天时间来解散然后合并该州的4个高等教育委员会。
例：IBM, which consolidated some operations last summer, has made clear that it needs to continue to streamline them.去年夏天合并了部分业务的IBM公司明确表示需要继续进行精简，以提高效率。
adj. 巩固的；统一的；整理过的
 - united, unified
v. 合并；巩固（consolidate的过去分词形式）；统一
 - unified, incorporated

Word: misgiving
Front: misgiving
[ˌmɪsˈgɪvɪŋ] (托雅宝 13315/11202 -1)
Vocabulary: misgiving
(once / 1011 pages)
n
If you have misgivings about something, it means you're worried that it's not a good idea. Trying to fall asleep the night before a test, you might have misgivings about having studied so little.
Misgivings are feelings of doubt you experience about something before you do it. As you get closer to the time you actually get on the airplane, you might begin to have misgivings about traveling far away to go to college, or you might have misgivings about joining the army to pay for your education.
WORD FAMILY
misgiving: misgivings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She spoke adoringly of “Bobby” and set up some girlfriends on blind dates with Mr. Durst, but to a few, she shared dark misgivings.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He’s immature, his romantic partner’s friends do not like him, and now he’s pushing his partner to ignore all misgivings and move in with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Xhopakelxhit’s partner, who asked to be identified by the single name of Crow, echoed her misgiving.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 疑虑， 担心， 恐惧; 不安
v. 使（某人的情绪、精神等）疑虑，担忧，害怕( misgive的现在分词 )
分布：疑虑(75%)，怀疑(15%)，动词misgive的现在分词.(10%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，give,来自其词源义持，握，暗示，想法。即心中不好的想法，感到怀疑，顾虑。
【记】mis没有，giving给：公司没有给你工资会产生担忧－疑虑恐惧
【参】misguide（v 误导）
【反】certainty（n 确定）；compunction（n 后悔）－absence of misgiving（没有顾虑）
noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of doubt or worry about a future event （对未来事件的）疑虑，担忧
• Many teachers expressed serious misgivings about the new exams. 许多教师表示对新的考试非常担忧。
• My only misgiving is that we might not have enough time to do the job properly. 我唯一担心的是我们可能没有足够的时间把这项工作做好。
n. 担忧；疑虑；不安
 - tension, uneasy about
v. 担忧；使…疑虑；害怕（misgive的ing形式）
 - dreading

Word: monoxide
Front: monoxide
[mɒ'nɒksaɪd] (13334/13054)
Back: n. 一氧化物
分布：一氧化物(100%)

Word: repertory
Front: repertory
[ˈrepətri] (托 13284/16160 -1)
Back: n. 仓库，贮藏所; （尤指知识等的）贮藏，搜集; 贮藏物; 全部剧目
分布：全部剧目(46%)，仓库(36%)，积贮(18%)
→来自拉丁语 repertorium,清单，目录，来自 reperire 的过去分词形式，来自 reperire,找到，得 到，来自 re-,表强调，parire,产生，带来，词源同 parent,prepare.引申诸相关词义。
US [-ɚ.tɔ:r-] (informal rep)
noun uncountable
■the repeated performance of several plays one after the other by one company of actors （演员阵容固定的）保留剧目轮演
• a repertory company/group/theatre 轮演剧目演出剧团／剧组／剧院
in repertory
■If a play is in repertory, it is one of several different plays being performed on particular days by the same company of actors （节目）轮演的；属于轮演节目的；在保留节目之中
• 'Macbeth' is in repertory at the RSC. 《马克白》是皇家莎士比亚剧团的保留剧目之一。
■If an actor is in repertory, they are working with a repertory theatre group. （演员）参加节目轮演的，轮演剧码演出剧团的
n. 储备；仓库；全部剧目
 - reserve, warehouse

Word: skylight
Front: skylight
[ˈskaɪlaɪt] (13344/20621)
Back: n. 天窗
分布：天窗(100%)
noun countable
■a window built into a roof to allow light in 天窗
• Putting in a skylight made the attic seem big and bright. 安装天窗后，阁楼显得又大又明亮。
n. [建] 天窗
 - clerestory, louver

Word: subsidized
Front: subsidized
[ˈsʌbsidaizd] (13354/26200)
Back: v. 给…津贴或补贴，资助或补助…( subsidize的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：贿赂(60%)，给与补助金或奖助金(40%)
VERB
资助;补助;给…发津贴
If a government or other authority subsidizes something, they pay part of the cost of it.
例：Around the world, governments have subsidized the housing of middle and upper-income groups...全世界各国政府都为中高收入群体提供过住房补贴。
例：At the moment they are existing on pensions that are subsidised by the government.此刻他们正依靠政府发放的养老金维持生计。
VERB
(政府)资助，出资支持
If a government subsidizes an industry, they provide money so that the industry can continue.
例：The government continues to subsidize the production of eggs and beef.政府继续出资扶持鸡蛋和牛肉的生产。
例：...a government decision to subsidise coal mining.政府资助煤矿开采的决定

Word: muffle
Front: muffle
[ˈmʌfl] (宝 13309/16123 -1)
Vocabulary: muffle
(once / 721 pages)
1v 2n
To muffle is to quiet a sound, usually by wrapping it with something. If you try to speak with a scarf over your mouth, your voice will be muffled.
When a hitman puts a silencer on a gun, he's muffling the sound of gunshots, since muffling makes things quieter. Usually, muffling involves wrapping something around or putting something over a noisy thing. Muffling dampens, tones down, deadens, and dulls. Also, if you hold down your emotions and don't express them, you're muffling them. Muffling keeps things quiet.
WORD FAMILY
muffle: muffled, muffler, muffles, muffling+/ muffled: muffledly/muffler: mufflers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He drank prodigious amounts of alcohol to dim his heightened alertness and to muffle his sorrows.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Unless, of course, you close your mouth during the belch, in which case a more muffled sound will be heard.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
For now, it’s now, and the tick of the bedside clock is the muffled beat of a heart.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 裹住，围住; 捂住; 压抑，阻止; 消音
vi. 用厚厚的衣帽包着（自己）
n. 低沉的声音; 消声器; 包裹物; 隔焰窑
时态：muffled, muffling, muffles
分布：抑制(55%)，发低沉的声音(30%)，围裹(15%)
→来自muff,厚手套。-le,表反复。引申词义裹住，覆盖。
【记】外来语，读：麻风，一种慢性传染病，患者皮肤麻木、变厚、颜色变深、毛发脱落、感觉丧失、手指、脚趾变形。该病通过空气传染，所以周围的人都用围巾裹住嘴，导致声音降低。
verb transitive
MAKE LESS CLEAR 使变得模糊
■to make a sound quieter and less clear 使（声音）变微弱（或低沉）；消（声）
• The house's windows are double-glazed to muffle the noise of aircraft. 这所房子装有双层玻璃窗以减低飞机噪音的骚扰。
■to make something less strong or clear 削弱，使模糊
• The report concluded that business pressure on the government had muffled the impact of the legislation. 报告得出结论，企业向政府施加的压力已削弱了法例的影响。
['mʌf.l] verb transitive
KEEP WARM 保持暖和
■to wear thick warm clothes in order to keep warm （为保暖而用厚衣物）围裹，裹住；蒙住
• I was muffled up against the cold in a scarf and hat. 我裹上围巾、戴上帽子以抵御寒冷。
vt. 蒙住；裹住；抑制；发低沉的声音
 - control, stay, restrain
n. 低沉的声音；消声器；包裹物（如头巾，围巾等）；唇鼻部
 - deafener, wrappage

Word: archival
Front: archival
[ɑ:'kaɪvəl] (13327/22962)
Vocabulary: archival
(once / 30620 pages)
adj
Anything archival relates to an archive, which is a record or collection of historical materials. Archival resources document the past. Most libraries have a special place for archival documents, like old newspapers and photos.
An archive is a collection of older things such as books, music, or documents. Many librarians and curators collect and care for archives. Anything archival relates to an archive. An archival record documents everything in an archive, such as an archive of 19th century poetry. An archival search is a search of an archive, such as an archive of birth certificates. This word has to do with historical collections. Scholars who study the past often have to do archival research.
WORD FAMILY
archive: archival, archived, archives, archiving, archivist+/archivist: archivists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wrap fragile ornaments in leftover tissue paper or newspaper, or invest in storage containers like archival ornament boxes from the Container Store.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The backs of each page contain several paragraphs of Kirzinger’s research, archival photos of agency personnel and other documents.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The programming will include archival footage and documentaries, along with original Team USA programming contributed by the USOC.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 关于档案的
分布：档案的(78%)，档案室的(22%)
ADJ
档案的
Archival means belonging or relating to archives.
例：...his extensive use of archival material.他对档案资料的广泛应用

Word: darkly
Front: darkly
[ˈdɑ:kli] (13353/12566)
Back: adv. 暗黑，呈黑色
分布：暗黑(67%)，暗中(33%)
US ['dɑ:rk-] adverb
THREATENING 威胁
■in a way that is threatening or frightening 威胁地，令人恐惧地
• "Don't come any closer," she said darkly. “别再靠近了。”她威胁说。
UK ['dɑ:k.li] US ['dɑ:rk-] adverb
NO LIGHT 漆黑
■in a way that has little or no light 隐约地；漆黑地
• His figure could be seen darkly on the foggy moor. 雾蒙蒙的荒原上可以隐隐约约看到他的身影。
adv. 黑暗地；模糊地；阴郁地；秘密地
 - quietly, underground, privately

Word: smuggling
Front: smuggling
[ˈsmʌglɪŋ] (13358/15006)
Back: n. 走私，偷运
v. 偷运( smuggle的现在分词 ); 私运; 走私; 不按规章地偷带（人或物）
分布：走私(99%)，动词smuggle的现在分词形式.(1%)
→smuggle,走私，-ing,动名词后缀。
VERB
走私;私运;偷运
If someone smuggles things or people into a place or out of it, they take them there illegally or secretly.
例：My message is 'If you try to smuggle drugs you are stupid'...我的意思是“你要是企图走私毒品，你就是一个笨蛋”。
例：Police have foiled an attempt to smuggle a bomb into Belfast airport...警方挫败了一场企图将炸弹偷偷带入贝尔法斯特机场的阴谋。
n. [法] 走私
 - contrabandage

Word: retardation
Front: retardation
[ˌri:tɑ:'deɪʃn] (13291/17316)
Vocabulary: retardation
(once / 10225 pages)
1n 2n
Retardation is often used to describe problems in human mental development that result in a lack of intelligence or other kinds of physical or learning delays.
Retardation can also indicate when something is kept from growing or developing fully. A lack of sunlight might cause retardation of your tomato plants, for example, stunting their growth. You can use retardation to describe other kinds of slowness or delays too, including simply a decrease in speed. In fact, the Latin root word, retardare, means "to make slow, delay, keep back, or hinder."
WORD FAMILY
retardation: retardations+/ retard: retardation, retarded, retarding, retards/ retarded: retardedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spell is said to be functionally illiterate with an IQ score of 70, which “falls into the mental retardation range,” according to Holton.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
His lawyers said that a lower court found that Moore's IQ of 70 was "within the range of mild mental retardation."
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
As with humans, the infection in pregnant mice had caused microcephaly and growth retardation in their fetuses.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 延迟; 留级; 制动; 光程差
分布：阻滞(61%)，智力迟钝(39%)
US [-tɑ:r-] formal
noun uncountable
■slow development, or development which is slower than it should be 迟缓；阻滞；延迟
• Severe iron deficiency can cause developmental delay and growth retardation. 严重缺铁会导致发育迟缓。
n. 阻滞；迟延；妨碍
 - intervention, prevention, violation

Word: pre-war
Front: pre-war
[ˌpri:ˈwɔ:] (-1)
Back: adj. & adv. （尤指第一次和第二次世界大战）战前（的）
分布：战前的(100%)
US [-'wɔ:r] adjective
■happening before a war, especially the Second World War 战前的；（尤指）二次战前的
• the pre-war years 战前的岁月
Compare post-war

Word: Methodist
Front: Methodist
['meθədɪst] (7659/10251)
Back: n. 卫理公会派教徒
adj. 卫理公会教派的
分布：卫理公会教派的(67%)，照章办事者(33%)
→18世纪从英国国教分离出的基督教新教教徒。字面意思即教规派，守规则的人，来自method,方法，规则，-ist,人。
N-COUNT
(基督教遵循约翰·卫斯理教义的)循道宗信徒,循道公会教徒
Methodists are Christians who follow the teachings of John Wesley and who have their own branch of the Christian church and their own form of worship.

Word: debtor
Front: debtor
[ˈdetə(r)] (托 13382/5209 -1)
Vocabulary: debtor
(once / 1173 pages)
n
A debtor is someone who owes money. If you borrow from a bank to buy a car, you are a debtor.
Most of us are debtors at some point in our lives. We borrow money to buy houses or cars, to attend college, or to tide us over when we're between jobs. Businesses and large institutions can also be debtors, and even countries are often debtors. If a developing country borrows money from a wealthier one, the borrower is a debtor. The opposite of a debtor is a creditor.
WORD FAMILY
debtor: debtors
USAGE EXAMPLES
I will probably spend the next nine years as the inmate librarian in some sort of debtor’s prison.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Its 1742 premiere in Dublin was a benefit concert for the infirm and the incarcerated in debtors prison.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Jailing people over their poverty amounts to operating illegal debtors’ prisons, Voss said.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 债务人; 借方; 受恩人; 罪人
分布：债务人(94%)，借方(6%)
US ['detˌ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who owes money 借方；负债者，债务人
n. [法] 债务人； [会计] 借方
 - obligor, debitor

Word: bias
Front: bias
[ˈbaɪəs] (研六托雅 3925/4611 -2)
Vocabulary: bias
(once / 818 pages)
1nv 2nadj
Use the noun bias to mean a preference for one thing over another, especially an unfair one.
Some biases are completely innocent: "I have a bias toward French wines." But most often, bias is used to describe unfair prejudices: "The authorities investigated a case involving bias against Latinos." It is also a verb meaning "to show prejudice for or against," as in "They claimed the tests were biased against women." (In British English, it takes an extra S in the forms biassed and biassing.) The word goes back at least to Old Provençal, a former language of southern France, in association with the sport of lawn bowling, where it referred to the tendency of a ball to roll in one direction or the other.
WORD FAMILY
bias: biased, biasedly, biases, biasing, biasly, biassed, biassing+/ biased: unbiased /biassed: unbiassed/ unbiased: unbiasedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This past year I wrote often about the racial inequality and bias that keep this country from being its best.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Personal bias clouds our perceptions so profoundly that employee performance ratings often reveal more about the person conducting them than the person being rated.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
During the first presidential debate, Hillary Clinton argued that “implicit bias is a problem for everyone, not just police.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 偏见; 偏爱，爱好; 倾向; 斜纹
vt. 使倾向于; 使有偏见; 影响; 加偏压于
adj. 斜纹的; 斜的，倾斜的; 斜裁的
adv. 偏斜地，倾斜地; 对角地
时态：biased, biassing, biases
分布：偏见(84%)，偏爱(10%)，斜纹(4%)，使偏心(2%)
→词源不详。
偏见[bias=slant(斜)]
n./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒Deviation in aviation is dangerous. Writing is alleviated via bias on abbreviation.在航空过程中的不符合是危险的.写被关于缩写通过偏见减轻.
【记】bias本身就是词根：斜－斜的意见－偏见
noun
PREFERENCE 偏爱
 ADVANCED countable usually singular uncountable
■often supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way by allowing personal opinions to influence your judgment 偏见；偏心；偏袒
• The government has accused the media of bias. 政府指责新闻媒体有偏见。
• Reporters must be impartial and not show political bias. 新闻记者必须公正，不应有政治偏见。
• There was clear evidence of a strong bias against her. 有明显证据显示，她受到了严重不公平的对待。
• There has always been a slight bias in favour of/towards employing arts graduates in the company. 公司内部一直有点偏向聘请文科毕业生。
 ADVANCED countable usually singular
■a preference towards a particular subject or thing 倾向；趋势；偏好
• She showed a scientific bias at an early age. 她在少年时就表现出对科学的偏爱。
['baɪ.əs] noun
CLOTHING 衣服
uncountable specialized
■a direction at an angle across the threads of woven material 斜纹
• The dresses in his new winter collection are all cut on the bias (= in a diagonal direction across the cloth). 他设计的新款冬装都是斜裁的。
['baɪ.əs] verb transitive (-ss- or US USUALLY -s-)
■to cause someone or something to have a bias 使…怀有偏见
• The judge ruled that the information should be withheld on the grounds that it would bias the jury against the accused. 法官因该资料会导致陪审团产生对被告不利的偏见，责令将其收回。
prejudice, bias
这组词都有“偏见，成见”的意思，其区别是：
prejudice: 侧重指在缺乏理由或证据之前就形成怀疑的、有恶感的偏见。
bias: 指因个人的好恶或偏见，对人或物作出的不正确、或好或坏的判断或意见。
n. 偏见；偏爱；斜纹；乖离率
 - preference, favour
adj. 偏斜的
 - deflective

Word: unregulated
Front: unregulated
[ˌʌn'reɡjʊleɪtɪd] (宝 13363/20464)
Vocabulary: unregulated
(once / 10582 pages)
adj
Whether it’s an economy, the fishing industry, or your cash flow, something that’s unregulated knows no bounds — there are no rules or restrictions in place.
When you break the word unregulated down, it’s easy to figure out what it means. The prefix un- reverses an action, so here it means “not.” Then you have regulated, which describes something that has rules or people who check that things are working properly. So if something is unregulated, there are no rules or people making sure everything is right, like an unregulated restaurant that the board of health doesn't know about.
WORD FAMILY
regulated: unregulated +/ deregulate: deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation / regulate: deregulate, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulator, regulatory /regulating: regulatings, self-regulating/ regulation: regulations/regulator: regulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government says the move will curb unregulated cash transactions and boost the use of digital payment methods, which fits right into Jio’s strategy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Yin, like many families in China, turned to the increasingly popular, unregulated market of online pharmacies, agents and peer groups for drugs.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
With so-called “unregulated free markets,” the rich become super-rich, while grinding poverty spreads among working people like a heroin epidemic.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 未受管理[控制、约束]的，未校准[调整、调节]的
分布：不受管理的(34%)，不规范的(33%)，紊乱的(33%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■describes a type of business or activity which is not controlled and directed by fixed rules or laws （企业或活动）未加监管的，缺乏规范的
• Parents have the right to expect information to guide them through a growing, yet unregulated market (place). 家长们有权获知相关资讯，从而可以正确把握这一规模日益扩大但缺乏监管的市场。

Word: slit
Front: slit
[slɪt] (研四六托雅宝 11326/10391 -1)
Back: vt. 切开，撕开; 使有狭缝
n. 狭长切口; 裂缝; 投币口
时态：slit, slitting, slits
分布：裂缝(49%)，切开(25%)，撕裂(13%)，使成狭缝(9%)，狭长的切口(4%)
→来自古英语 slitan,撕开，来自 Proto-Germanic*slitan,撕开，来自 sled,撕开，词源同 slat,slate. 引申词义切口，狭缝，裂缝等。
v.切开,截开,纵割n.细长裂缝,狭长切口I slit open the letter with a knife.我用一把小刀把信裁开.
【记】源于：split（v /n 劈开）；slice（v /n 切开；切片）
verb transitive (slitting, slit, slit)
■to make a long straight narrow cut in something 撕裂，切开；在…上开狭长裂缝
• He slit open the envelope with a knife. 他用刀将信封裁开。
• She killed herself by slitting her wrists. 她割腕自杀了。
• He was found the next day with his throat slit. 第二天有人发现他被割断了喉咙。
• She was wearing one of those skirts that's slit up the front. 她穿了一条那种前面开衩的裙子。
[slɪt] noun countable
■a straight narrow cut or opening in something 裂缝
• Make a small slit in each chicken breast and push in a piece of garlic. 在每块鸡胸上切个小口，塞进一瓣蒜。
vt. 撕裂；使有狭缝
 - tear, lancinate
n. 裂缝；投币口
 - crack, split

Word: spade
Front: spade
[speɪd] (高研四六 13365/8703 -1)
Vocabulary: spade
(once / 838 pages)
1nv 2n
If you're a gardener, you know that a spade is a small shovel with a short handle. A spade is perfect for planting bulbs and digging up weeds.
In addition to a small digging tool, a spade is also a suit of playing card — the black one that looks a bit like an upside-down heart. There's even a card game called "Spades" in which a spade has a higher value than any other suit. The two meanings have different roots; the card suit spade comes from the Greek spathe, and the little shovel kind of spade has Proto-Germanic roots that mean "flat piece of wood."
WORD FAMILY
spade: spade-like, spaded, spadeful, spades, spading+/spadeful: spadefuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
That may feel right and there’s nothing wrong with calling a spade a spade.
Salon(Nov 27, 2016)
Castro has the Cuban moralistic streak in spades, showing no apparent affection for money or soft living.
Time(Nov 26, 2016)
Everything from tractors and quad bikes to spades and pitchforks went under the hammer this week.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 铁锹，铲子; 纸牌中的)黑桃
vt. 铲
时态：spaded, spading, spades
分布：铁锹(35%)，铲(33%)，黑桃(19%)，铲子(13%)
→来自古英语 spadu,锹，铲，来自 Proto-Germanic*spadan,锹，铲，来自 spe-dh-,扩展自*spe, 长木条，词源同 spoon,spay.spade 黑桃
n.铁锹,铲子The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a tool used for digging especially soil or sand, with a long handle and a flat blade 铲，锹
• a garden spade 园艺铲
• The kids took their buckets and spades to the beach. 孩子们带着他们的桶子和铲子到海边去了。
[speɪd] noun
CARD 牌
countable
■a playing card with one or more black shapes like pointed leaves with short stems printed on it （纸牌中的）黑桃
spades [plural]
■one of the four suits in a set of playing cards 黑桃花色，一组黑桃
• the ace/Queen of spades 黑桃 A／皇后
[speɪd] noun
PERSON 人
countable offensive old-fashioned
■a black person 黑人
[speɪd] noun
in spades informal
■in large amounts or to a very great degree 很多；极其
• I don't get colds very often but when I do I get them in spades. 我平时很少感冒，可是一旦得了就很厉害。
shovel, spade
这组词都有“铲，铁，锹”的意思，其区别是：
shovel: 指用铲煤块、煤渣、沙雪或糖等铲子，有大有小。
spade: 指用于挖土刨地的铲子或铁锹。
n. 铁锹，铲子
 - rabbler
vt. [建] 铲；把……弄实抹平
 - shool
vi. [建] 铲
 - shovel

Word: toss
Front: toss
[tɒs] (研四六雅宝 2396/4799 -2)
Vocabulary: toss
(once / 197 pages)
vn
When you lightly throw something, you toss it. You might toss your lifejacket and backpack into a canoe before climbing in with the paddles.
You can toss a baseball to your friend in the backyard, or toss your trash in a wastebasket when you're finished with lunch. You can also toss a coin or toss a salad. Another way to toss is to move back and forth — or thrash — like an insomniac in bed or a boat on a stormy ocean.
WORD FAMILY
toss: tossed, tosser, tosses, tossing+/tosser: tossers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Proposals to limit early voting times and locations, following a federal judge’s tossing of a state law that did just that, are also expected.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On the next play, Booker T.’s quarterback, who last year suffered a concussion that left him foaming at the mouth, tossed an interception.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Washington won the coin toss and chose to receive the opening kick.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. （轻轻或漫不经心地）扔; （使）摇荡; 摇匀; （为…）掷硬币决定
n. 掷硬币决定; 向上甩头; 猛仰头（尤指表示恼怒或不耐烦）; （尤指比赛或游戏中）投掷
时态：tossed, tossing, tosses
分布：投掷(41%)，辗转(36%)，摇荡(19%)，震荡(4%)
→词源不详。
v.向上掷/扔;摇摆,颠簸n.投,扔;摇动The gossip tossed the mossy blossom fossil.爱讲闲话者向上抛长满苔藓的花化石.
【记】美语发音：他死－因为被漫不经心地扔了。
US [tɑ:s] verb
THROW 抛
 ADVANCED transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to throw something carelessly （随意地）扔，掷，抛
• He glanced at the letter and then tossed it into the bin. 他扫了一眼信就把它丢进了垃圾箱。
• The bull tossed him up into the air. 公牛把他顶到了半空中。
• [+ two objects] Andrew tossed him the ball. 安德鲁将球抛给他。
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
FOOD 食物
transitive
■When you toss food you shake or mix small pieces of it together with a sauce or dressing 摇匀，搅拌（食物）
• a tossed salad 拌沙拉
• carrots tossed in butter 奶油拌胡萝卜
toss a pancake UK
■to quickly and suddenly lift the pan in which a pancake (= thin, flat round cake) is cooking so that the pancake goes up into the air and turns over before falling back into the pan 把煎饼颠起翻面
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive
■If you toss your hair or a part of your body you move it up and back suddenly 向后甩（头发或身体部位）
• She tossed her head in annoyance. 她生气地将头向后一甩。
• She tossed back her hair. 她向后甩了甩头发。
toss and turn intransitive
■to move about from side to side or turn a lot in bed, especially because you cannot sleep （尤指因无法入睡而）翻来覆去，辗转反侧
• I was tossing and turning all night. 我整晚辗转反侧，无法入睡。
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
COIN 硬币
intransitive or transitive (also toss sb for sth) (also toss up)
■to throw a coin up into the air and guess which side will land facing up, as a way of making a decision 掷硬币决定
• Let's toss a coin /Let's toss up to see who'll go first. 我们掷硬币来决定谁先去吧。
• "I'll toss you for it - heads or tails?" “我和你掷硬币来决定——你要正面还是反面？”
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] toss sth about/around informal
■If you toss ideas, suggestions or phrases about, you mention them and discuss them with other people. 抛出，提出（想法、建议或说法）
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] toss sth aside literary
■to throw away or get rid of something 丢弃，抛弃
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] toss sth away informal
■to spend or lose something carelessly 随随便便地花掉（或丢掉）
• That much money is not to be tossed away lightly. 那么多钱，不应该随随便便地花掉。
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] toss sth off informal
■to do something quickly, especially in a careless way or with little effort （尤指粗枝大叶或轻而易举地）快速做
• She tossed off a reply to the letter before she left for the meeting. 她去开会之前草草回了这封信。
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  toss (sb) off UK offensive
■to give someone sexual pleasure by rubbing their sex organs, or to do this to yourself （替某人）手淫，自慰
• [R] Is that your idea of a sex-life - tossing off over porn mags? 那就是你所谓的性生活——看成人杂志自慰？
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] noun
MOVEMENT 动作
countable usually singular
■a sudden quick movement 掷；甩
• "I don't care," she replied with a toss of her head. “我不在乎，”她甩了甩头回答道。
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] noun
THROW 掷
a toss of a coin
■when you throw a coin in the air and guess which side will land facing upward as a way of deciding something 掷硬币决定
win/lose the toss
■to guess correctly/wrongly which side of a coin will be facing up when it lands on the ground after being thrown 在掷硬币中猜对了／猜错了
countable
■when you throw something in a careless or relaxed way 漫不经心地（或不小心地）投掷
UK [tɒs] US [tɑ:s] noun
not give/care a toss UK very informal
■to not be worried at all by something 毫不介意；一点也不担心
• I don't give a toss what he thinks. 我根本不在乎他的想法。
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
n. 投掷；摇荡；投掷的距离；掷币赌胜负
 - putting, cast, throw
vt. 投掷；使…不安；突然抬起；使…上下摇动；与…掷币打赌
 - wap
vi. 辗转；被乱扔；颠簸；掷钱币决定某事
 - wallow

Word: vehemently
Front: vehemently
['vi:əməntlɪ] (13337/13817)
Vocabulary: vehemently
(once / 1248 pages)
adv
When you do something vehemently, you do it with energy and passion. If you vehemently oppose your brother’s plan for the family vacation, then you’re really, really against it.
The word vehemently has a lot of force behind it. It traces back to the Latin word vehement, meaning “impetuous, violent.” If you do something vehemently, then you do it forcefully and with emotion, and no one will doubt how you really feel. You’ll often hear it used to describe situations involving conflict or disagreement. If you vehemently deny your involvement in the incident with the lawnmower, then you deny it very strongly.
WORD FAMILY
vehement: vehemence, vehementer, vehemently +/ vehemence: vehemences
USAGE EXAMPLES
NJ.com reports township officials say they “vehemently” disagree with the decision and will decide how to proceed after the township’s attorneys study it.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vehemently opposes such a move, saying it would undermine the negotiating process.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vehemently opposes such activity, saying it undermines the negotiating process.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adv. 激烈地; 暴烈地; 强烈地; 热烈地
分布：热烈地(100%)
adverb
■in a strong and emotional way 激烈地；强烈地；猛烈地
• The president has vehemently denied having an extra-marital affair. 总统极力否认自己有婚外情。
adv. 激烈地；暴烈地；竭尽全力地
 - strongly, bitter

Word: fascism
Vocabulary: fascism
(once / 1757 pages)
n
Fascism is a way of ruling that advocates total control of the people. Your parents' rule that you must be home by midnight might seem like fascism, but Europeans will tell you that it could be a lot worse.
The word fascism can be hard to spell, so remember that the c comes after the s. Fascism comes from the Latin fascio, meaning “bundle, or political group.” In fascism, the people are looked at as a bundle — one body that must be controlled by the government with absolute force. There’s no option to vote, no chance to impeach a leader, and no freedom to stand up against the governing body.
WORD FAMILY
fascism: fascist, fascistic+/ fascist: fascists/fascistic: fascistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chamberlin wrote that by “singing for this man” the choir would appear to be “endorsing” tyranny and fascism, and its image would be “severely damaged.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In it, she writes that by performing at the Jan. 20 inaugural, the 360-member choir will appear to be “endorsing tyranny and fascism.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To be censored and blocked rightfully naming the rise of fascism is a form of fascism itself and corporate collaboration.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)

Word: chide
Front: chide
[tʃaɪd] (托宝 13377/15644 -1)
Vocabulary: chide
(once / 1488 pages)
v
To chide someone is to ride them or get on their case, without really getting in their face.
People have been nagging since well before the 12th century, when the word chide came along as a new way to say "complain" or "rail." If you want to remind someone of a flaw they have or an error they keep repeating, you might chide them with sarcasm, humor, or some seriousness. Where a sharp elbow in the ribs lets you know "Stop it, right now!," a chide is more like a gentle elbow in the belly, saying "Come on, you're late; did you forget your watch again?"
WORD FAMILY
chide: chid, chidden, chided, chides, chiding+/chiding: chidings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In one case, he was chided for spending $127,000 in public funds for a special sleeping cabin on a flight to London.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
In the final minute, Kennedy senior Jomaite Tavarez threw a lazy inbound pass and promptly received an audible chiding from Nelson.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
He faces a Legislature with the same Republican regulars he chided during the campaign.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 责骂，斥责; 责备
v. 呵叱，责骂; 责备; （风，猎犬等）怒号，咆哮
时态：chided, chiding, chides
分布：斥责(59%)，指责(41%)
→词源不详。可能来自词根cid, 砍，劈，挥舞，词源同decide, excise.
【记】chide＝child小孩：需要温柔的责备，不然该吓坏了。
【反】praise（vt 赞扬）
[tʃaɪd] formal
verb transitive
■to speak to someone severely because they have behaved badly 责骂，呵斥，训斥
• She chided him for his bad manners. 她训斥他没有礼貌。
vt. 责骂；斥责
 - rate, tongue
vi. 斥责；责骂
 - rate, hop on

Word: pre-service
Front: pre-service
None None
Back: 岗前（培训)
分布：就业前的(100%)

Word: musically
Front: musically
[ˈmju:zɪkli] (13379/16406)
Back: adv. 音乐上
分布：在音乐方面(44%)，悦耳地(42%)，好听地(14%)
ADJ
音乐的;与音乐有关的
You use musical to indicate that something is connected with playing or studying music.
例：We have a wealth of musical talent in this region...在这一地区有大量的音乐人才。
例：Stan Getz's musical career spanned five decades...斯坦·盖兹的音乐生涯跨越50个春秋。
N-COUNT
音乐剧;音乐歌舞片
A musical is a play or film that uses singing and dancing in the story.
例：...London's smash hit musical Miss Saigon.在伦敦轰动一时的音乐剧《西贡小姐》
ADJ-GRADED
有音乐天赋的;喜爱音乐的
Someone who is musical has a natural ability and interest in music.
例：I came from a musical family.我出身于音乐世家。
ADJ-GRADED
好听的;悦耳的
Sounds that are musical are light and pleasant to hear.
例：He had a soft, almost musical voice.他声音柔和，如音乐般动听。

Word: adventurer
Front: adventurer
[ədˈventʃərə(r)] (托 13381/8266 -1)
Back: n. 探险家，冒险家; 投机商人
分布：冒险家(93%)，投机者(7%)
US [-tʃɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who enjoys and looks for dangerous and exciting experiences 冒险者；冒险家
• He was something of an adventurer, living most of his life abroad. 他颇像个冒险家，一生大部分时间都是在国外度过的。
■disapproving
■a person who takes risks, acts dishonestly or uses the fact that they are sexually attractive to become rich or powerful 投机分子
• He was portrayed in the press as a gold-digger and adventurer. 报纸把他描述成一个淘金者和投机分子。
n. 冒险家；投机商人
 - sportsman, gambler

Word: downhill
Front: downhill
[ˌdaʊnˈhɪl] (9523/11207 -1)
Back: adv. 向山下; 如下坡一般; 每况愈下
adj. 向下的，下降的; 倾斜的; [体]下降滑雪的
n. 下坡路; 滑降
分布：下坡的(58%)，走下坡路地(14%)，向下的(14%)，向山下(14%)
adverb adjective
■(moving) towards the bottom of a hill 向山下；朝坡下；下山的；下坡的
• It's so much easier running downhill! 跑下山去容易多了！
• The route is all downhill from here to the finish. 这条路线从这里到终点都是下坡。
Compare uphill
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
be (all) downhill
■to be much easier 容易多了，好办多了
• Once we get the preparation done, it'll be downhill all the way. 一旦完成了准备工作，其余的事情就好办了。
• If I can just get through the training period, it'll be all downhill from here. 如果我能熬过培训阶段，其余的日子就好过多了。
[ˌdaʊn'hɪl] ['--] adverb adjective
go downhill
■to gradually become worse 走下坡路，每况愈下
• After his wife died, his health started to go downhill. 自从妻子去世后，他的健康状况开始每况愈下。
adv. 下坡；向下；每况愈下
 - alow, netherward
adj. 下坡的；容易的
 - easy, light
n. 下坡；滑降
 - declivity

Word: leisurely
Front: leisurely
[ˈleʒəli] (托 13384/11186 -1)
Vocabulary: leisurely
(once / 793 pages)
adjadv
Leisurely is a word that describes something that is unhurried and easygoing, like the leisurely bike ride you may take home when you know have a lot of work waiting for you there.
Whether it's an adjective or adverb, leisurely is in no rush to finish; instead it strolls down the lane slowly in its relaxed, laid-back way, and it probably stops to smell the flowers as it goes. If you work at a leisurely pace, you probably don't have a supervisor breathing down your neck to see how much work you’re doing at every second of the day. Leisurely is often found on the same page as pleasure.
WORD FAMILY
leisurely: leisureliness+/ leisure: leisurely, leisures
USAGE EXAMPLES
They found the farm while leisurely driving in the country one afternoon.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
During a leisurely conversation at a vegetarian Mexican restaurant in West Hollywood, the 33-year-old British actor speaks often of “welling up.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The atmosphere is as calm and leisurely as Windjammer is hectic, although suite guests are free to dine at the latter if they like.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 从容的，不慌不忙的; 悠闲的
adv. 从容不迫地，慢慢地，悠闲地
分布：悠闲地(38%)，悠闲的(32%)，从容的(20%)，从容地(10%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■describes an action that is done in a relaxed way, without hurrying （行动）悠闲的，休闲的
• We enjoyed a leisurely picnic lunch on the lawn. 中午我们在草地上悠闲地享用了一顿野餐。
adj. 悠闲的；从容的
 - contained, relaxed
adv. 悠闲地；从容不迫地
 - by easy stages, containedly

Word: mater
Front: mater
['meɪtə] (13387/40683)
Back: n. <英>母亲，妈妈
分布：母亲(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable UK old-fashioned or humorous
■mother 母亲，妈妈
n. 母亲（等于mother）
 - mother, madre, mither

Word: uncontrolled
Front: uncontrolled
[ˌʌnkənˈtrəʊld] (13388/11232 -K1)
Back: adj. 不受控制的，不加克制的; 无控; 无拘束
分布：不受控制的(73%)，自由的(21%)，不受抑制的(6%)
ADJ-GRADED
控制不住的；未受控制的；不加约束的
If you describe someone's behaviour as uncontrolled, you mean they appear unable to stop it or to make it less extreme.
例：His uncontrolled behavior disturbed the entire class...他放肆的举动扰乱了全班的秩序。
例：Julia blows her nose, but her sobbing goes on uncontrolled.朱莉娅擤了擤鼻子，不过她还是不停地啜泣。
ADJ-GRADED
（形势或活动）不受控制的，未加制止的
If a situation or activity is uncontrolled, no-one is controlling it or preventing it from continuing or growing.
例：The capital, Nairobi, is choking on uncontrolled immigration.移民纷纷涌入首都内罗毕，人满为患。
例：...the central bank's uncontrolled printing of money.中央银行滥印钞票
adj. [计] [自] 不受控制的
 - unbounded

Word: nozzle
Front: nozzle
[ˈnɒzl] (13369/16192 -1)
Vocabulary: nozzle
(once / 6689 pages)
1n 2n
A nozzle is the spout at the end of a hose that water flows through.
Any kind of fluid — oil, gasoline — can move through a tube and squirt out of a nozzle, but we usually think of water in a hose, with the nozzle controlling the spray. The root of nozzle is nose, which — if you use a little imagination — describes the shape of most nozzles.
WORD FAMILY
nozzle: nozzles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Devising a nozzle for the aeroponic sprayer proved a tougher problem.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She held a metal watering can in her hand, tilting it to let the water out through the nozzle.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
GE says it will produce 6,000 fuel nozzle injectors at the facility this year, and double output next year.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 管嘴，喷嘴; 〈俚〉鼻子
分布：喷嘴(100%)
→来自nose,鼻子，-le,小词后缀。引申词义喷嘴。
US ['nɑ:.zl] noun countable
■a narrow piece fixed to the end of a tube so that the liquid or air that comes out can be directed in a particular way 管嘴，喷嘴
• Attach the nozzle to the garden hose before turning on the water. 打开水龙头之前，把管嘴接到浇花园的软管上。
n. [航] [机] 喷嘴；管口；鼻
 - jet, brenner

Word: banned
Front: banned
[bænd] (13383/12578)
Vocabulary: banned
(once / 1112 pages)
adj
When something is banned, it's illegal or not allowed. If you're wearing a banned t-shirt to school, it means there's a rule forbidding that particular kind of shirt.
You may have noticed "Banned Book Week" at your library or favorite bookstore — this is an occasion for book lovers to celebrate some of the excellent books that have been removed from schools and even town libraries over the years. Banned books are most often forbidden when a community member finds the subject matter personally objectionable or offensive. The Old English root is bannan, "to command or proclaim."
WORD FAMILY
ban: bani, banned, banning, bans+/banning: bannings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He quickly convened an inquiry into the death, which led to courts-martial, and banned the harsh techniques used at the prison.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Blatant body checking is banned, but there is plenty of contact.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Fernandinho's third red card in six games for City means he will be banned for four matches and not available again until 5 February.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 取缔( ban的现在分词 ); 查封; 禁止; 禁止某人做某事（或去某处等）
分布：禁止(65%)，禁令(34%)，剥夺权利(1%)
VERB
（明令）禁止；取缔
To ban something means to state officially that it must not be done, shown, or used.
例：Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year.加拿大将从今年晚些时候起在办公场所全面禁烟。
例：Last year arms sales were banned.去年武器遭禁售。
N-COUNT
禁令
A ban is an official ruling that something must not be done, shown, or used.
例：The General also lifted a ban on political parties.将军同时取消了对政党的禁令。
VERB
禁止（做某事）
If you are banned from doing something, you are officially prevented from doing it.
例：He was banned from driving for three years.他被吊扣驾照3年。

Word: cashmere
Front: cashmere
[ˈkæʃmɪə(r)] (13340/23094 -1)
Vocabulary: cashmere
(once / 8698 pages)
n
Cashmere is an extremely soft wool that comes from a particular kind of goat. The goat itself is also called a cashmere.
When you knit a sweater from cashmere, you end up with a garment that's much softer and less itchy than regular wool. You can use the same word when you describe the fabric itself, and things made with it: "I want a red cashmere scarf for my birthday." In the 17th century, the word specifically meant "a cashmere shawl," from Kashmir, the region of the Himalayas where this type of goat originated.
WORD FAMILY
cashmere: cashmeres
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Instead of cashmere, I wore a comic routine,” Reynolds wrote in her book.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He was pleased with the morning’s haul—28 coats, ranging from a purple girl’s parka to a Brooks Brothers cashmere overcoat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
He gravitates toward “really thin cashmere, V-neck sweaters” with fully realized sleeves.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 开司米，山羊绒; 开士米羊毛织品
分布：山羊绒(67%)，开士米(26%)，软毛织物(7%)
→来自Kashmir的旧式拼写，印巴冲突地带，知名的高质量羊毛产地。
US [-mɪr/ UK [-'-] noun uncountable
■very soft, expensive wool material that is made from the hair of goats from Kashmir 开司米；（山）羊绒
n. 羊绒；开士米； [纺] 开士米羊毛织品；开士米绒线
 - pashm

Word: million-dollar

Word: minimally
Front: minimally
['mɪnɪmli] (13368/23312)
Back: adv. 最低限度地，最低程度地
分布：最低限度地(60%)，最低程度地(40%)
ADJ
最小的;极少的;最低限度的
Something that is minimal is very small in quantity, value, or degree.
例：The co-operation between the two is minimal...双方的合作是最低限度的。
例：One aim of these reforms is effective defence with minimal expenditure.这些改革的目的之一就是以最低成本实现有效的防御。
adv. 最低限度地；最低程度地
 - marginally

Word: flaunt
Front: flaunt
[flɔ:nt] (托雅宝 13345/14652 -1)
Vocabulary: flaunt
(once / 2223 pages)
vn
Flaunt is "to display proudly or show off," like when you flaunt your new Italian leather jacket by wearing it to the beach and pretending you're cold to make sure everyone sees it.
Although we love it when a peacock flaunts his colorful feathers, when a person does the same thing we feel bad. Flaunt is like bragging, which can bum people out because they don't have whatever you're showing off, like that cool jacket. When rich people flaunt their wealth by speeding past you in their limo, they may as well splash a mud puddle on your white clothes. Leave the flaunting for peacocks and stars in bad reality TV shows.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flaunt / flout
Flaunt is to show off, but flout is to ignore the rules. Rebels do both — they flaunt their new pink motorcycles by popping a wheelie, and flout the law by running a red light.
Flaunt means to work it, to preen like a peacock. You could flaunt your new Harley, your wealth, or even your bright colors:
Prosperous Chinese are less shy about flaunting their wealth than people in other countries. (Economist)
Daffodils flaunted golden cups at their more gorgeous neighbors, the tulips. (Lucy Foster Madison)
Flout, on the other hand, means to show a blatant disregard or contempt for. If you scoff when told what to do, you flout the rules. Here are some rules being flouted in the news:
In other words, the euro zone is based on a gentleman's agreement that's widely flouted. (Salon)
Baseball's rulebook is routinely ignored, flouted and evaded. (New York Times)
The problem is that people use flout to mean flaunt. If you mix up the words in the sentences above, the meaning changes. It would be weird to flout your wealth or your golden color. Garner's Modern American Usage identifies this error at widespread: it can be seen in the writing of well-educated people. However, Garner advises (and we concur) that the distinction between flaunt and flout be preserved.
WORD FAMILY
flaunt: flaunted, flaunting, flaunts, flaunty+/flaunty: flauntily
USAGE EXAMPLES
You want to teach her to be comfortable in the “just being” zone, which means she’s mindful of flaunting and resistant to hiding.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Perhaps for some, flaunting one's wealth is a desirable way to get away from it all.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Not just because they fancy Cumberbatch or get weak knees over that flaunting of mental dexterity.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 炫耀; 轻蔑，蔑视
vi. 炫耀; 张扬
n. 夸耀，招摇; 飘扬，招展
时态：flaunted, flaunting, flaunts
分布：夸耀(50%)，飘扬(34%)，张扬(8%)，挥动(8%)
→可能来自flout和vaunt的合成词。
【记】fl＝fly，aunt姑奶奶－飞到姑奶奶家－炫耀（GRE考了2400）
US [flɑ:nt] mainly disapproving
verb transitive
■to show or make obvious something you are proud of in order to get admiration 炫耀；夸示；卖弄
• He's got a lot of money but he doesn't flaunt it. 他有很多钱，但是他不炫耀。
• Annabelle was flaunting her tan in a little white dress. 安娜贝勒穿着一件白色短连衣裙，故意显示她晒黑的皮肤。
flaunt yourself
■to show your body in a confident and sexual manner （性感地）招摇过市
vt. 炫耀；飘扬
 - show off, fly over
vi. 飘扬；夸耀
 - flow, stream, dance
n. 炫耀；飘扬；招展
 - display, showing off

Word: apex
Vocabulary: apex
(once / 1645 pages)
n
When there's no mountain left to climb and nothing but blue sky above, you know you've reached the highest peak — the apex.
Apex can mean the highest point in a literal sense, like climbing to the apex of the Eiffel Tower for a fabulous view of Paris. It also can be used to mean the highest point in a figurative sense. An actor who wins an Oscar can say she's reached the apex of her career. If you're describing more than one high point, you could add an -es to form the plural apexes, but apices would also be correct. And if you're a botanist, you'd probably use apex to describe the tip of a flower or leaf.
WORD FAMILY
apex: apexes, apical, apices
USAGE EXAMPLES
That show was at its apex in the ratings in the 1980s.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Culling and even safari hunting will restore humans’ rightful place as apex predator amid an explosion in crocodiles, some argue.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Many countries settle for just an alliterative adjective: Brilliant Barbados, Epic Estonia, Incredible India, Remarkable Rwanda and, at the alliterative apex, Pristine Paradise Palau.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)

Word: slant
Front: slant
[slɑ:nt] (托宝 13370/15689 -1)
Vocabulary: slant
(once / 1001 pages)
vn
To slant is to tilt or slope sharply to one side. Many streets in San Francisco are so steep that they slant dramatically upward.
You can slant the brim of your hat down to keep the sun out of your eyes, and the sun itself can slant at a lower angle (or slant), forcing you to put on your dark sunglasses. There's also the slant that means "show bias," the way a newspaper reporter does when she slants a story in favor of one political party over another. Slant was originally slenten, "slip sideways," from a Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
slant: slanted, slanting, slants+/slanting: slantingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the snap, defensive end Jonathan Allen slanted inside and knocked down both the offensive tackle and the guard.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Pitch-perfect performances put a fraught personal slant on gentrification in the 21st century.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He also mentioned the slant pass Nelson caught and turned into a 41-yard gain in the fourth quarter.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）倾斜，歪斜
vt. 有倾向性地编写或报道
n. 倾斜; 斜线，斜面; 偏向; 偏见
adj. 倾斜的
时态：slanted, slanting, slants
分布：倾斜(65%)，斜面(17%)，使倾斜(6%)，偏见(5%)，歪曲(4%)，倾向性(2%)，个人的观点或见解(1%)
→词源不详，可能来自辅音丛 sl-,滑的，词源同 slip,slide,slope.引申词义使倾斜，歪斜，后用于 比喻义倾向性的陈述的报道。
【记】源于：slope（v /n 斜坡）读：撕烂他－用偏见撕烂他的名誉。
【反】slant－assert without bias（没有偏见的断言）
US [slænt] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) lean in a position that is not vertical; to (cause to) slope （使）倾斜，（使）倾向
• Italic writing slants to the right. 斜体字向右倾斜。
• The evening sun slanted (= shone with the light moving in a slope) through the narrow window. 夕阳穿过狭窄的窗户斜射进来。
transitive often disapproving
■to present information in a particular way, especially showing one group of people, one side of an argument, etc. in such a positive or negative way that it is unfair 有倾向性地陈述；偏颇地报道
• The police claimed that reports in the media were slanted against/towards the defendant. 警方称媒体的报道倾向于指责／袒护被告。
UK [slɑ:nt] US [slænt] noun
only singular
■a position that is sloping 倾斜；斜面
• The house is built on/at a slant. 房子建在一个斜坡上。
countable usually singular
■a particular way of showing or viewing something 偏向，倾向
• The book had a personal/political/sociological slant. 这本书具有个人／政治／社会学倾向。
n. 倾斜；观点；偏见
 - viewpoint, perspective, slope, outlook, eye
vi. 倾斜；有倾向
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. 使倾斜；使倾向于
 - slope, lean
adj. 倾斜的；有偏见的
 - gradient, raked

Word: tortoise
Front: tortoise
[ˈtɔ:təs] (高四六 13299/12178 -1)
Back: n. 乌龟; 行动迟缓的人（或物）
分布：龟(100%)
→来自中古英语 tortuse,来自拉丁语 tortuca,乌龟，可能来自 tartaruchus,地狱的，词源同 Tartarus, 塔耳塔洛斯，古希腊神话中的地狱，迷信说法，认为乌龟来自地狱。或来自拉丁语 tortus, 扭曲的，扭成一团的，词源同 turn,torque.因乌龟脚趾的形状而得名。拼写可能受 porpoise 影 响而俗化。
US ['tɔ:r.tˌəs] noun countable
■an animal with a thick, hard shell that it can move its head and legs into for protection. It eats plants, moves very slowly and sleeps during the winter. 龟，陆龟
n. [脊椎] 龟，乌龟（等于testudo）；迟缓的人
 - turtle, chelonian

Word: crumpled
Front: crumpled
[ˈkrʌmpld] (13336/16208)
Back: adj. 摺皱的，弄皱的
v. 压皱，弄皱( crumple的过去式和过去分词 ); 变皱
分布：变皱的(34%)，弯扭的(33%)，动词crumple的过去式和过去分词形式.(33%)
adjective
■full of folds 起皱的
• crumpled clothes 皱巴巴的衣服
• the crumpled charm of linen 有皱褶的亚麻小饰品
adj. 摺皱的，弄皱的
 - puckery, rumply
v. 弄皱（crumple的过去分词）
 - ruffled

Word: payout
Front: payout
[ˈpeɪaʊt] (13355/17463 -1)
Back: n. 支出; 花费
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable
■a large sum of money which is paid to someone 大笔付款
• With this insurance policy there is a maximum payout of £2500. 这份保单的最高赔付额为2500英镑。
n. 支出；花费
 - expenditure, spending

Word: hip
Front: hip
[hɪp] (研六 2603/3684 -K3)
Vocabulary: hip
(once / 540 pages)
1n 2n 3adj 4n
Your hip is the area of your body at the top and side of your thigh, beside your pelvis. You might have a habit of closing the refrigerator door by bumping it with your hip.
Your hips are the flesh between your waist and upper leg, and they're also the bones that make up the complex joints there — the ones that make it possible for your legs to move so you can walk. When a person is described as hip, it means they're trendy or cool, up on the latest thing. These two meanings are unrelated, with the "cool" meaning coming from the slang hep, popular with jazz musicians around 1915.
WORD FAMILY
hip: hipless, hiply, hipper, hippest, hips
USAGE EXAMPLES
Did his artificial hips put him at risk of infection when he saw the dentist?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But it is not enough for doctors just to replace a knee or a hip.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But it's not like you can't be hip enough to emcee the Rose Parade.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 臀部; [建筑学]屋脊; 臀围（尺寸）; 臀部…的
adj. （衣服、音乐等方面）时髦的，赶时髦的
vt. 使…的髋关节脱臼，损伤…的髋部; [建筑学]给（房屋）建屋脊; 使知晓，使了解，告诉; 使消息灵通
级别：hipper, hippest
分布：髋(77%)，臀部(21%)，屋脊(1%)，通晓的(1%)
→来自古英语hype,臀部，来自keub,弯，转，词源同cubit,cubicle,incubus.引申词义身体的弯转部位，特别用于指臀部，髋骨。hip 时髦的，时尚的，消息灵通的
n.臀部,髋;屋脊The cripple dipped the whip tip into the chip solution nearby his hip.跛子将鞭子末端浸入他臀部旁边的芯片溶液中.
noun countable
BODY PART 身体部位
 ADVANCED
■the area below the waist and above the legs at either side of the body, or the joint which connects the leg to the upper part of the body 臀部；髋部
• This exercise is designed to trim your hips and stomach. 这套运动是为了使你的臀部和腹部变得苗条而设计的。
• The skirt was a bit tight across the hips. 这条裙子臀部有点紧。
[hɪp] noun countable
FRUIT 水果 mainly UK for rose hip
[hɪp] adjective (hipper, hippest) informal
■fashionable 时髦的，时尚的
• The bars and cafés in the old part of the town are frequented by hip young students. 镇上老城区的酒吧和咖啡馆是时髦的年轻学生常光顾的地方。
[hɪp] exclamation
Hip, hip hooray/hurray!
■an expression that is called out, often by a group of people at the same time, to express approval of someone （欢呼声）万岁，万岁，万万岁！
• Three cheers for the bride and groom! Hip, hip, hooray! 为新娘新郎欢呼三声！万岁，万岁，万万岁！
n. 臀部； [植] 蔷薇果；忧郁
 - bottom, croup

Word: repressed
Front: repressed
[rɪˈprest] (宝 13398/12025)
Vocabulary: repressed
(once / 1648 pages)
adj
If something is repressed, it's restrained or held in. You may be full of repressed anger toward your brother over that terrifying incident from 4 years ago involving the frog and your hooded sweatshirt.
The adjective repressed often describes emotions or desires, especially those that could be considered shameful or distressing. When an emotion is repressed, you hold it inside so you don’t have to show how you feel. Sometimes you aren’t consciously aware that you're doing it. You might not even realize that you have a repressed longing for that cute guy in math class. A person who has many of these pent-up feeling is said to be repressed.
WORD FAMILY
repressed: repressedly, unrepressed+/ repress: repressed, represser, represses, repressing, repression, repressive /represser: repressers/repressing: repressingly/ repression: repressions/ repressive: repressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Twenty-six years later, “Freedom! 90” is still an essential rallying cry for just about repressed group seeking comfort, strength, inspiration, and resolve.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The underpinnings are invisible to outsiders, who aren’t privy to the jealousy and passion and dependency and repressed desire that often hold sway.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Over the centuries, central Asian societies were traditionally Islamic, though religion was repressed in the Soviet period.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 被抑制的，被压抑的
v. 抑制( repress的过去式和过去分词 ); 约束; 镇压; 制止
分布：动词repress的过去式和过去分词.(34%)，感情被压抑的(33%)，不能公开表达的(33%)
adjective
■having feelings which you do not express 被抑制住的
• repressed anger/sexuality 被抑制住的怒气／被压抑的性欲
• English people are notoriously repressed and don't talk about their feelings. 英国人以含蓄克制闻名，不会谈论他们的感情。
adj. 被压抑的；被抑制的
 - pent-up, downtrod
v. 抑制；镇压；约束（repress的过去分词）
 - forborne, restrained

Word: grit
Front: grit
[grɪt] (雅宝 9008/12145 -1)
Vocabulary: grit
(once / 1051 pages)
1nv 2vn
Grit is a coarse, gravelly dust. If you don't rinse dried beans before you cook them, you may end up crunching grit between your teeth.
Grit is small, sandy pieces of rock or stone. Another way to use the word grit is to mean a determined, courageous attitude. If you have grit, you'll keep trying to climb a rock wall no matter how many times you slip and fall. Charles Portis's 1968 novel "True Grit" tells the story of a young girl in the 1800s who embodies this quality, persevering through extreme difficulty and struggle.
WORD FAMILY
grit: grits, gritted, gritting, gritty +/ gritty: grittier, grittiest, grittily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Reynolds is a nonstop provider of joy in “Singin’ in the Rain,” just the right combination of innocence and grit.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
The result is a salutary visual grit, which anchors Hurtado’s contradictorily evanescent forms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Smith’s value to a team transcends mere grit and determination.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 细沙，沙砾; <口>刚毅，坚韧; 勇气
vt. 发出轧轧声; 轧，研磨; 以沙砾覆盖（某物），撒沙砾于; 咬紧牙关
时态：gritted, gritting, grits
分布：勇气(41%)，砂砾(34%)，决心(10%)，咬紧牙关(9%)，覆以砂砾(2%)，粗砂石(2%)，发出刺耳声(2%)
→来自ghrei, 刮，擦，磨，词源同gravel, grind. 指沙粒，盐粒。
【记】读great！（口：太牛了！）如果你有决心，勇气，我就会夸你great！源于词组grin and bear（苦笑着忍受）－要紧牙关
noun uncountable
STONES 石块
■very small pieces of stone or sand 砂；沙砾；沙粒
• The road had been covered with grit. 以前这条路一直铺满沙砾。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
BRAVERY 勇敢
■bravery and determination despite difficulty 勇气；毅力
• It takes true (= real) grit to stand up to a bully. 面对一个恃强凌弱者奋起反抗确实需要勇气。
[grɪt] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
grits [plural] US
■a dish of hominy grain eaten especially as a morning meal （尤指作为早餐的）粗玉米粉，玉米子
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
■to put small stones on a road or path which is covered in ice, in order to make it safer （为防滑）在（路面上）撒沙砾
• Council lorries had been out gritting the icy roads the night before. 政务委员会在第一天夜里派出卡车在结冰的路面上撒了沙砾。
[grɪt] verb transitive (-tt-)
grit your teeth
■to press your top and bottom teeth together, often in anger （常指因愤怒而）咬牙切齿
• He gritted his teeth in silent fury. 他气得咬牙切齿、一言不发。
■to accept a difficult situation and deal with it in a determined way 咬紧牙关，下定决心（去应付棘手的局面）
• We had to grit our teeth and agree with their conditions because we wanted the contract. 因为我们想要拿到那份合同，就必须咬牙答应他们的条件。
vt. 研磨；在…上铺砂砾
 - pulverize, mull
n. [岩] [地质] 粗砂，砂砾
 - coarse sand, arenes

Word: aggressor
Front: aggressor
[əˈgresə(r)] (宝 13396/15445 -1)
Back: n. 侵略者; 挑衅者; 侵略国
分布：侵略者(90%)，攻击者(10%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person or country that starts an argument, fight or war by attacking first 侵略者；挑衅者
n. 侵略者；侵略国；挑衅者
 - invader, harrier

Word: dispatcher
Front: dispatcher
[dɪˈspætʃə(r)] (13394/43476)
Back: n. 发报机; 收发; 调度
分布：调度员(53%)，调度器(27%)，分配器(17%)，派遣者(3%)
n. [交] 调度员； [计] 调度程序；分配器
 - distributor, despatcher

Word: climatic
Front: climatic
[klaɪˈmætɪk] (托 13339/10440 -1)
Vocabulary: climatic
(once / 4442 pages)
adj
Anything that has to do with weather or other conditions related to climate is climatic. If you're worried about climatic effects on your skin, you are concerned about winter dryness, UV exposure and windburn.
The adjective climatic is perfect for describing anything related to a climate. You might read that climatic changes have led to shrinking glaciers and starving polar bears, just as your grandmother might talk every winter about the climatic difference from when she was a girl. Climatic comes from the word "climate," which in turn has its roots in the Latin word clima, meaning "region."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
climactic / climatic
Climactic describes the high point, the most intense part of a movie, play, song, or, well, anything. Climatic refers to the climate, like the climatic changes that turned Santa's workshop into a sauna for elves.
Climactic comes from climax, with the x changed to a ct. A climax is the top point of something, so something climactic describes that intense moment. Climactic isoften used in the negative, anticlimactic, like when there's a build-up to something that falls short. But let's be positive:
But I have seldom seen this climactic moment staged to such haunting effect. (New York Times)
Still, a viewer would have to be made of stone not to get worked up during the stirring climactic section. (Reuters)
The skies were shattered with a final climactic crash of thunder. (Virginia Brooks)
Take out the extra "c," and climatic refers to weather conditions. The word climatic gets thrown around a lot these days, with all the talk about global warming, like the climatic insanity that made it snow on Halloween. FYI: There's no such word as  "anticlimatic." Also, climatic changes come from the climate, not the soil:
Warmer and wetter have become cooler and drier, a wholesale change of climatic fortunes. (Bakersfield Now)
This will trigger unpredictable climatic disasters in many parts of the world. (Huffington Post)
Lee eased Louisiana's worst drought since 1902, according to the National Climatic Data Center. (Business Week)
To keep climatic and climactic straight, remember that a climactic moment could be the most intense act yet. Something climactic gives you a kick! But climatic is just air.
WORD FAMILY
climatic: climatically+/ acclimate: acclimated, acclimates, acclimating, acclimation /acclimatise: acclimatisation, acclimatised, acclimatises, acclimatising/ acclimatize: acclimatization, acclimatized, acclimatizes, acclimatizing/ climate: acclimate, acclimatise, acclimatize, climates, climatic, climatical
USAGE EXAMPLES
Later, the labs investigated whether nuclear war might cause dangerous climatic effects, such as catastrophic ozone depletion or “nuclear winter.”
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
And now the drama reaches its climatic moment: the final week of the season, with the team’s playoff fate still to be determined.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
The “comparatively cost effective” Nepali workers are experienced at “working in the extreme climatic conditions,” says the embassy.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 气候的; 风土的; 受气候影响的
分布：气候上的(100%)
US [-'mætˌ-] adjective
■relating to general weather conditions 气候的
• Some parts of the world seem to be experiencing climatic changes. 世界上一些地区似乎正在经历气候变化。

Word: dislocation
Front: dislocation
[ˌdɪslə'keɪʃn] (13375/14431)
Back: n. [医]脱位，脱臼; [物]位错; 混乱，紊乱; [地]断层
分布：混乱(100%)
错乱;移位(dislocate+ion)[loc=place,表示"地方"]
N-VAR
(制度、进程、生活方式等的)混乱，紊乱
Dislocation is a situation in which something such as a system, process, or way of life is greatly disturbed or prevented from continuing as normal.
例：Millions of refugees have suffered a total dislocation of their lives.无数的难民饱受生活颠沛流离之苦。
n. 转位；混乱； [医] 脱臼
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: popularize
Front: popularize
[ˈpɒpjələraɪz] (13414/23345 -1)
Back: vt. 使受欢迎; 普及; 使通俗化; 使流行
时态：popularized, popularizing, popularizes
分布：普及(91%)，使流行(5%)，使通俗化(4%)
[见上,-ize...化,使...](使)大众化,(使)普及,推广[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]
大众化;推广(popular流行的+ize化)[Popul,publ=people,表示"人民"]
推广,普及(popular流行的+ize)[-ise 1.表动词后缀,和-ize相同,是-ize的变体,"…化"2.表名词"物品,状态"]
US ['pɑ:.pjə-] verb transitive
LIKED 使大众化
■to make something become popular 宣传，推广；使大众化
• It was Luciano Pavarotti in the 1980s who really popularized opera. 卢西亚诺•帕瓦罗蒂在20世纪80年代真正推动了歌剧的大众化。
(UK usually popularise) UK ['pɒp.jʊ.lə.raɪz] US ['pɑ:.pjə-] verb transitive
GENERAL 使普及
■to make something known and understood by ordinary people 使普及；使通俗化
• Television has an important role to play in popularizing new scientific ideas. 电视在普及科学新知识方面发挥重要的作用。
vt. 普及；使通俗化
 - gain ground, vulgarize

Word: Philharmonic
Front: Philharmonic
[ˌfɪlɑ:ˈmɒnɪk] (研托 13357/16969 -1)
Back: adj. 交响乐团的，音乐团体的; 爱好音乐的
n. 交响乐团; 爱音乐的人; 爱乐团体
分布：爱好音乐的(23%)，交响乐团的(20%)，交响乐团(17%)，爱乐团体(15%)，音乐爱好者(15%)，爱乐团体的(10%)
→phil-,爱，harmonic,谐音，和声，词源同harmony,引申词义音乐。
US [-hɑ:r'mɑ:.nɪk] adjective [before noun]
■used in the names of musical groups, especially orchestras （尤用于管弦乐团的名称中）爱好音乐的
• the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. 维也纳爱乐管弦乐团
n. 交响乐团；音乐爱好者；爱乐团体
 - symphony orchestra

Word: juniper
Front: juniper
[ˈdʒu:nɪpə(r)] (13393/13271 -1)
Back: n. 刺柏属丛木或树木; 刺柏; 杜松; （美）桧状植物（多用于装饰）
分布：杜松(100%)
→来自拉丁语iuniperus, 可能来自iunco,芦苇，词源同junk,junket.用于指一种常绿灌木，即刺柏。
US [-pɚ] noun countable or uncountable
■a small evergreen (= never losing its leaves) bush which has sharp leaves and small purple fruits which are used in medicine and in making gin (= a type of strong alcoholic drink) 桧属植物；杜松；刺柏
• juniper berries 杜松子
n. [林] 杜松；桧或刺柏属植物；（美） [植] 桧状植物（多用于装饰）
 - hackmatack

Word: pathological
Front: pathological
[ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (宝 13390/12430 -1)
Vocabulary: pathological
(once / 3848 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something is caused by a physical or mental disease, it is pathological. Someone with a pathological compulsion for cleanliness might scrub the floors for hours every night.
Pathological comes from a Greek word, pathologikos, which means “treating of diseases” — pathos means "suffering." Anyone who studies or works with diseases, from their causes to their symptoms, identifies how the disease affects its victims, in other words, its pathological effects. Remember that this is a medical distinction. If a person has, for example, obsessive-compulsive disorder, his or her repetitive actions are pathological.
WORD FAMILY
pathological: pathologically+/ pathologist: pathologists/ pathology: pathologic, pathological, pathologies, pathologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The difficulty in keeping weight off reflects biology, not a pathological lack of willpower affecting two-thirds of the U.S.A.,” he said.
New York Times(May 02, 2016)
The problems are the sociological, the pathological, the political and the legal.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Despite sharing similar symptoms, there are important pathological distinctions between the two main forms of IBD.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. [医]病理学的; 由疾病引起的; 病态的，疾病的
分布：病理学的(100%)
US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
NOT CONTROLLED 不受控制的 informal
■(of a person) unable to control part of their behaviour; unreasonable （行为）无法控制的，病态的，非理智的
• I've got a pathological fear of heights. 我有惧高症。
• Anthony's a pathological liar. 安东尼说谎成性。
UK [ˌpæθ.ə'lɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl] US [-'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■relating to or caused by a disease 病理的，病态的，由疾病引起的
• a pathological condition/complaint 病情／病症
adj. [病理] 病理学的；病态的；由疾病引起的（等于pathologic）
 - sick, wan

Word: skid
Front: skid
[skɪd] (10313/15184 -1)
Vocabulary: skid
(once / 2909 pages)
nv
Whoopsy daisy! Those new fuzzy socks make it easy to skid, or slide unexpectedly, across the wood floor.
Does skid sound Scandinavian? Because that's where etymologists think the word came from. It makes sense, since there's all that ice up there. The Vikings were most likely skidding around way before snow tires and anti-lock brakes came about to stop all the slippery fun. But a skid that gets out of control is never any good — that's why when someone's life slides into the dumps, you can say they "hit the skids."
WORD FAMILY
skid: nonskid, skidded, skidder, skidding, skids+/skidder: skidders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next great skid to halt: a 12-game losing streak at Heinz Field, where the Browns are 1-15 since it opened.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
North Carolina is trying to end a two-year bowl losing skid.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Free for the first time in 20 years, he was living on Los Angeles Skid Row, a dystopian dead end where drugs are used openly.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 滑向一侧; 滑道; 滚道; 制轮器
vi. （通常指车辆）侧滑; 打滑; 滑行; （住在）贫民区
adj. 防滑的，抗滑的
vt. 刹住，使减速，滚滑
时态：skidded, skidding, skids
分布：打滑(89%)，滑动垫木(11%)
→可能来自古诺斯语 skith,小木棍，木条，词源同 ski.用于指伐木场用木头铺设的滑道，用于 把山上砍伐的树木运下山，引申词义滑轨，滑动垫木等，后用于动词词义侧滑，打滑。
verb intransitive (-dd-)
■(especially of a vehicle) to slide along a surface so that you have no control （尤指车辆）打滑
• Trevor's bus skidded on some ice and hit a tree. 特雷弗驾驶的公车在冰上打滑，撞上了一棵树。
[skɪd] noun countable
■an uncontrollable sliding movement 打滑
• She was riding too fast on a wet road, and the motorbike went into a skid. 她在湿滑的路面上骑得太快，摩托车打滑了。
■one of two long flat pieces under some aircraft such as helicopters , which help the aircraft to land （飞机的）降落滑撬
■a support, often made of wood, for raising heavy objects off the ground or for moving them 垫木，低平台（一种支撑物，常常由木材构成，用于将重物从地面升起或将之移动）
[skɪd] noun countable
on skid row mainly US informal
■poor, without a job or a place to live, and often drinking too much alcohol （失业酒徒）无家可归的
[skɪd] noun countable
on the skids informal
■experiencing difficulties and unlikely to continue successfully 走下坡路的，处境越来越糟的
• Their marriage seems to be on the skids. 他们的婚姻似乎在走下坡。
[skɪd] noun countable
put the skids under sth UK informal
■to cause something such as a plan to fail 导致（计划等）失败
• Local residents have put the skids under plans to build a new shopping centre. 当地居民的反对使得建造新购物中心的计划泡了汤。
skid, glide, slip, slide
这组词都有“滑动”的意思，其区别是：
skid: 着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。
glide: 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。
slip: 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。
slide: 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。
n. 打滑； [车辆] 刹车；滑轨， [建] 滑动垫木
 - spoke, lock
vt. 刹住，使减速；滚滑
 - put on the brakes

Word: juxtapose
Front: juxtapose
[ˌdʒʌkstəˈpəʊz] (宝 13407/20376)
Vocabulary: juxtapose
(once / 4277 pages)
v
See the word "pose" in juxtapose? When you juxtapose, you are "posing" or positioning things side by side.
The verb juxtapose requires contrasting things placed next to one other: "The collage juxtaposed pictures of Jane while she was growing up and as an adult." Juxtapose is used often when referring to contrasting elements in the arts. "The music juxtaposed the instrumentation of jazz with the harmonies of soul."
WORD FAMILY
juxtapose: juxtaposed, juxtaposes, juxtaposing, juxtaposition +/ juxtaposition: juxtapositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The old mixes with the new: Modern architecture is often juxtaposed with weathered wooden structures that appear ancient.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
For environmental reverence, there was “Wolf Eyes,” juxtaposing wolf howls with the sweetness of Mr. Winter’s saxophone.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
His campaign’s closing ad juxtaposed photos of Jewish financiers with classic anti-Semitic vocabulary about a parasitic “global power structure.”
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 把…并列，把…并置，把…放在另一个旁边
时态：juxtaposed, juxtaposing, juxtaposes
分布：并列(64%)，并置(36%)
→来自拉丁语iuxta,靠近，接近，缩写自*iugista,来自*iugos,连接，词源同join,jugular,-ista,最高级后缀，字面意思即最接近的。-pose,放置，词源同pose,position.引申词义并列放置，并置。
并列,并置(juxta并排+pose→并排放)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】juxta＝next，pose（放）一并放，并排
US [-'poʊz] verb transitive
■to put things which are not similar next to each other 把（不同的事物）并置，把…并列
• The exhibition juxtaposes Picasso's early drawings with some of his later works. 展览同时展出了毕卡索早期的画作和他的一些晚期作品。
vt. 并列；并置
 - counterpose

Word: stalemate
Front: stalemate
[ˈsteɪlmeɪt] (宝 13412/14312 -1)
Vocabulary: stalemate
(once / 5460 pages)
nv
A stalemate is an impasse in a contest, a point where neither player — usually in chess — can win or lose.
Stalemate is from an Old French word, estal, which means “place,” “position,” or “stand.” To be in a stalemate with an opponent is to be in a locked position, or a stalled place, where neither player can make a profitable move. Chess is the most common context for a stalemate, but any contest or negotiation can result in a stalemate: "The discussions about buying their competitor’s waffle house reached a stalemate and the deal died."
WORD FAMILY
stalemate: stalemated, stalemates, stalemating
USAGE EXAMPLES
Overall, experts stressed the need for transparency and communication on a range of issues that are now at a stalemate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Ambrose accuses President Obama of breaking “records in polarizing the country” by stirring up class antagonisms, heightening racial tensions and helping instigate political stalemate.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The reasons people leave are no secret to Illinoisans: high taxes, the state budget stalemate, crime, the unemployment rate and the weather.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 僵局; [游戏]王棋受困
vt. 使陷入僵局
时态：stalemated, stalemating, stalemates
分布：僵局(86%)，和棋(4%)，使陷入僵局(3%)，陷于困境(3%)，使陷入困境(2%)，僵持状态(2%)
→来自古义 stale,固定的，僵持的，mate,杀，将军，词源同 checkmate.引申比喻义僵局。
【记】stale（adj 陈腐的；陈旧的），mate（n 配偶；对手）：原指在下国际象棋中使对手陈腐，也就是其它棋子不能移动而只有把王移到被将军位置的局面－僵局
noun countable or uncountable
■a situation in which neither group involved in an argument can win or get an advantage and no action can be taken （争论的）僵局，僵持局面
• Tomorrow's meeting between the two leaders is expected to break a diplomatic stalemate that has lasted for ten years. 明天两位领袖之间的会面有望打破长达十年的外交僵局。
• Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate. 尽管进行了长时间的磋商，工人和资方仍僵持不下。
■in chess , a position in which one player is unable to move, but their king is not being attacked, which means that neither of the two players wins （国际象棋中的）逼和（指一方在王棋未被将军的情况下无子可动） Compare checkmate
n. 僵局；陷于困境
 - impasse, logjam
vt. 使僵持；使陷入困境
 - embog

Word: overture
Front: overture
[ˈəʊvətʃʊə(r)] (雅宝 13359/13967 -1)
Vocabulary: overture
(once / 1150 pages)
1n 2n
An overture is a piece of music played by an orchestra at the beginning of an opera or play. When an overture begins, the actors take their places and wait for the curtain to rise.
The noun overture can also mean "a suggestion or approach designed to get a reaction." Your romantic overture of singing to your girlfriend in the restaurant was met with an embarrassed stare. An overture can also be an event that comes first, like your story about how the after-school program has helped hundreds of kids, an overture to the plea for donations you made next.
WORD FAMILY
overture: overtures
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the end, the man refused the bureau’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Trump will most likely be receptive to Mr. Putin’s overtures.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Federal prosecutors say the two used romantic overtures on their victim and then falsely promised to repay.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 器乐前奏曲; 序曲，序乐; 序诗; 主动表示，提议
vt. 提议
分布：序曲(45%)，提议(25%)，提案(20%)，建议(8%)，主动表示(2%)
→来自overt,打开的，-ure,名词后缀。用于音乐术语指序奏，前奏。
【记】overt（adj 公开的；开始的），ure一开始的歌曲－序曲
【区】overturn（n /v 倾覆）
【反】coda（n 乐章结尾部）
US ['oʊ.vɚ.tʃɚ] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable
■a piece of music which is an introduction to a longer piece, especially an opera （尤指歌剧的）序曲，前奏曲
• the overture to "The Magic Flute" 《魔笛》序曲
UK ['əʊ.və.tjʊər] US ['oʊ.vɚ.tʃɚ] noun
COMMUNICATION 表达
countable usually plural
■a communication made to someone in order to offer something 主动表示，提议
• overtures of friendship. 友好的表示
• Neither side in the conflict seems willing to make peace overtures. 冲突双方似乎都不愿意主动向对方示好。
• informal So he's been making overtures (= showing a sexual interest) , has he? 那么说他一直在示爱，是吗？
n. 前奏曲；提案；序幕
 - preludio, prolusion
vt. 提议；为……奏前奏曲
 - vote, make the offer

Word: guarded
Front: guarded
[ˈgɑ:dɪd] (13366/13936)
Vocabulary: guarded
(once / 320 pages)
adj
Someone who's guarded is careful, restrained, and maybe a little bit wary. It's normal for a new rescue dog to be guarded when you first bring her home.
People tend to be guarded in certain situations — when they're being criticized, or are at a party where they don't know a single person. Others simply have guarded personalities, always starting from a position of cautiousness. Guarded can also literally mean "protected," like a guarded castle, but you'll more often find it describing a restrained person.
WORD FAMILY
guarded: guardedly, unguarded+/ guard: guarded, guarding, guards/unguarded: unguardedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Photographers were camped outside the heavily guarded residence, hoping to get pictures of investigators arriving.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Principles of sovereignty and non-interference, just like in many other parts of the world, are jealously guarded.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
As Mohamed guarded a displaced persons camp this week, scrolled through photos of himself in front of sandbags on the front lines southeast of Mosul.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 谨慎的，有保留的
v. 保护，控制( guard的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：谨慎的(78%)，提防的(11%)，动词guard的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
US ['gɑ:r-] adjective
■careful not to give too much information or show how you really feel 谨慎的；有保留的；提防的
• a guarded response 谨慎的答覆
adj. 谨慎的；被监视着的；警戒着的；被看守著的
 - cautious, prudent, wary
v. 保卫，看守（guard的过去式）
 - secured

Word: acknowledgement
Front: acknowledgement
[əkˈnɒlɪdʒmənt] (13380/6939 -1)
Vocabulary: acknowledgement
(once / 6880 pages)
n
Giving an acknowledgment is a way of giving credit or props. Acknowledgments let you know who contributed or did work on something.
If you look at the acknowledgments section of a book, it tells you who helped the author: writers give acknowledgment to editors, agents, friends, family, teachers, people they interviewed, and anyone else who helped them while writing. In sports or the entertainment world, award-winners usually give acknowledgment to people important them. When you see the word acknowledgment, think "giving credit and thanks".
WORD FAMILY
acknowledgement: acknowledgements+/ acknowledge: acknowledgeable, acknowledged, acknowledgement, acknowledges, acknowledging, acknowledgment /acknowledged: acknowledgedly, unacknowledged/ acknowledgment: acknowledgments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The U.S. confirmation was the first official coalition acknowledgement of his death.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Warner says she’s pleased with the archdiocese’s acknowledgement that while it’s in compliance, its work is not yet complete.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The school system provided no acknowledgement or explanation for the missing emails.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 承认，确认; 致谢，鸣谢; 收条; [法]承认书
分布：确认(54%)，承认(33%)，感谢(12%)，=acknowledgment.(1%)
N-SING
（对事实、局面等的）承认
An acknowledgement is a statement or action which recognizes that something exists or is true.
例：The President's resignation appears to be an acknowledgment that he has lost all hope of keeping the country together...总统的辞职似乎表明他对维护国家稳定已不抱任何希望。
例：He appreciated her acknowledgement of his maturity.她承认他的成熟，他对此心怀感激。
N-PLURAL
（作者的）致谢，鸣谢
The acknowledgements in a book are the section in which the author thanks all the people who have helped him or her.
N-UNCOUNT
打招呼的表示（如微笑等）
A gesture of acknowledgement, such as a smile, shows someone that you have seen and recognized them.
例：Farling smiled in acknowledgement and gave a bow...法林微笑示意，又躬身行了个礼。
例：Mitzi nodded a perfunctory acknowledgement as her glass was filled.杯子被倒满时米芝敷衍性地点头示意。
N-VAR
公开致谢
An acknowledgement is a published statement in which you express your gratitude for or appreciation of something.
例：The benefit to the donor was an acknowledgment of the donation in a printed bulletin...捐赠者被印入捐赠公示榜以示感谢。
例：Grateful acknowledgment is made for permission to reprint.为获准重印致以深切感谢。
N-COUNT
（表示已收到信函等的）确认通知，收件复函
An acknowledgement is a letter or message that you receive from someone, telling you that something you have sent to them has arrived.
例：I have received neither an acknowledgment nor a reply.我未收到任何复函或答复。
n. 承认；确认；感谢
 - recognition, appreciation, verification, confirmation, thank

Word: Lithuanian
Front: Lithuanian
[ˌlɪθjʊ'eɪnɪən] (13452/13415)
Back: adj. 立陶宛人的；立陶宛的；立陶宛语的
n. 立陶宛人；立陶宛语
分布：立陶宛的(34%)，立陶宛人(30%)，立陶宛人的(23%)，立陶宛语的(13%)
noun countable adjective
■Lithuanian 立陶宛人／立陶宛的

Word: beset
Front: beset
[bɪˈset] (托雅宝 13356/11120 -1)
Vocabulary: beset
(once / 772 pages)
1v 2v
Beset means to attack from all sides––an invading army will beset a castle, or you might find yourself beset by a devastating storm.
Beset also has a very different meaning: to decorate or encrust with jewels or other ornamentation. If you are attending a ball, you may choose a gown that is beset with silver sequins, just be careful that you don't end up looking like a giant disco ball.
WORD FAMILY
beset: besets, besetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pop star's live appearance in New York's Times Square was beset by problems as she complained of sound difficulties and struggled to sing.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The process therefore seems likely to be beset by many of the same problems that scuttled U.S. efforts to secure a settlement, Heras said.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Amazon last year was beset with a scramble to deliver orders resulting from an unanticipated spike in demand.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 镶，嵌; 困扰; 包围; [航]被冰块包围
时态：beset, besetting, besets
分布：困扰(76%)，包围(14%)，镶嵌(10%)
→前缀be-, 强调。set, 放置。来自军事用语，指包围。
【记】be被动，set放置－被放在中间－被人围攻。
adjective [after verb]
■troubled (by); full (of) 困扰的；充满…的
• With the amount of traffic nowadays, even a trip across town is beset by/with dangers. 目前交通如此拥挤，即使穿城而行也充满了危险。
vt. 困扰；镶嵌；围绕
 - eat at, persecute

Word: naming
Front: naming
['neɪmɪŋ] (13413/18769)
Back: n. 命名
v. 确定( name的现在分词 ); 决定; 给…取名; 说出…的名字
分布：命名(99%)，动词name的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
名字;名称;姓名
The name of a person, place, or thing is the word or group of words that is used to identify them.
例：'What's his name?'—'Peter.'...“他叫什么？”——“彼得。” 
例：I don't even know if Sullivan's his real name...我甚至不知道沙利文是否是他的真名。
VERB
给…取名;给…命名
When you name someone or something, you give them a name, usually at the beginning of their life.
例：My mother insisted on naming me Horace.我母亲坚持给我取名叫霍勒斯。
例：...a man named John T. Benson...名叫约翰·T.本森的男人
VERB
(以…)为…命名
If you name someone or something after another person or thing, you give them the same name as that person or thing.
例：Why have you not named any of your sons after yourself?为什么没让哪个儿子用你的名字呢？
VERB
叫出…的名称;说出…的名字
If you name someone, you identify them by stating their name.
例：It's nearly thirty years since a journalist was jailed for refusing to name a source...一名记者因拒绝说出消息来源而入狱已经是近30年前的事了。
例：One of the victims of the weekend's snowstorm has been named as twenty-year-old John Barr.周末暴风雪中的一名罹难者已确认是20岁的约翰·巴尔。
VERB
提出，说出，指出(价格、时间、地点等)
If you name something such as a price, time, or place, you say what you want it to be.
例：Call Marty, tell him to name his price.给马蒂打电话，让他出个价儿。
VERB
提名;任命
If you name the person for a particular job, you say who you want to have the job.
例：The England manager will be naming a new captain, to replace the injured David Beckham...英格兰队主教练将任命新队长，接替受伤的大卫·贝克汉姆。
例：When the chairman of Campbell's retired, McGovern was named as his successor...坎贝尔公司的总裁退休后，麦戈文被选定为继任者。
N-COUNT
名声;名望;声誉
You can refer to the reputation of a person or thing as their name .
例：He had a name for good judgement...他以判断准确而闻名。
例：She's never had any drug problems or done anything to give jazz a bad name.她从没有吸过毒，也没做过任何有损爵士乐名声的事。
N-COUNT
名人;红人
You can refer to someone as, for example, a famous name or a great name when they are well-known.
例：...some of the most famous names in modelling and show business.模特和时装界一些最知名的红人
例：...top names such as Nike, Levi's, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger.耐克、李维斯、CK和汤米·希尔费格之类的顶级名牌
PHRASE
以…的名义;在…的名下
If something is in someone's name, it officially belongs to them or is reserved for them.
例：The house is in my husband's name...房子是我丈夫名下的。
例：A double room had been reserved for him in the name of Muller.已用穆勒的名字为他预订了一个双人间。
PHRASE
代表;以…的名义
If someone does something in the name of a group of people, they do it as the representative of that group.
例：In the United States the majority governs in the name of the people...在美国，多数派代表民众执政。
例：She accepted the gift in the name of the Save the Children Fund.她代表“拯救儿童基金会”接受了礼物。
PHRASE
籍…为由;以…为名
If you do something in the name of an ideal or an abstract thing, you do it in order to preserve or promote that thing.
例：...one of those rare occasions in history when a political leader risked his own power in the name of the greater public good...历史上少有的例子之一，政治领袖为更大的公共利益，甘冒丢官弃职的风险
例：There had been times when she had felt sickened by the things people did in the name of business.有时人们打着做生意的幌子所做的事情让她感到恶心。
PHRASE
(加强提问或要求的语气)看在(上帝、人道等)的份儿上
People sometimes use expressions such as 'in the name of heaven' or 'in the name of humanity' to add emphasis to a question or request.
例：What in the name of heaven's going on?...看在上帝份儿上，这到底是怎么回事？
例：In the name of humanity I ask the government to reappraise this important issue.我以人道的名义请求政府重新评估这一重大问题。
PHRASE
有实无名的;未被认可的
If you say that a situation exists in all but name, you mean that it is not officially recognized even though it exists.
例：...the group, which is now a political party in all but name...这一团体，现在是有实无名的政党
例：It's the end of the doctrine in all but name.这实际上已是该学说的终结，只是未被道明罢了。
PHRASE
以名字;指名道姓地
When you mention someone or something by name, or address someone by name, you use their name.
例：He greets customers by name and enquires about their health.他跟顾客打招呼时直呼其名，并问他们身体可好。
PHRASE
名叫…;以…为名
You can use by name or by the name of when you are saying what someone is called.
例：...a young Australian, Harry Busteed by name...名叫哈里·巴斯蒂德的澳大利亚年轻人
例：This guy, Jack Smith, does he go by the name of Jackal?这个叫杰克·史密斯的家伙是不是还有个名字叫杰凯尔？
PHRASE
谩骂;对…口出恶言
If someone calls you names, they insult you by saying unpleasant things to you or about you.
例：At my last school they called me names because I was so slow...在之前的学校，因为我反应慢，他们骂过我。
例：They had called her rude names.他们用粗鲁的言语谩骂她。
PHRASE
最重要的东西;实质
If you say that something is the name of the game, you mean that it is the most important aspect of a situation.
例：Family values are suddenly the name of the game...家庭价值观突然变得重要起来。
例：The name of the game is survival.重要的是活下去。
PHRASE
支持，赞同(事业、项目等)
If you lend your name to something such as a cause or project, you support it.
例：He had political points of view and lent his name to a lot of causes.他很有政治见解，对很多事业都予以支持。
PHRASE
(因…)成名;(以…)出名
If you make a name for yourself or make your name as something, you become well-known for that thing.
例：She was beginning to make a name for herself as a portrait photographer...她开始成为一个小有名气的人像摄影师。
例：He made his name with several collections of short stories.他是以几部短篇小说集成名的。
PHRASE
点出(或指出)(做错事者)的名字
If you name names, you identify the people who have done something, often something wrong.
例：Nobody was prepared to risk prosecution by actually naming names.没有人愿意冒着被起诉的风险去真正指认别人。
PHRASE
(指报纸或官方机构)曝光，点名，指名(业绩差或犯错的人)
If something such as a newspaper or an official body names and shames people who have performed badly or who have done something wrong, it identifies those people by name.
例：The government will also name and shame the worst performing airlines.政府还将曝光业绩最差的航空公司。
PHRASE
在名义上;有名无实地
If you say that a situation exists in name only, you mean that it does not have the status or position that it claims to have.
例：Many of the groups exist in name only...许多团体实际上是有名无实。
例：He is commander-in-chief in name only.他只是名义上的总司令。
PHRASE
凡是你说得出的，凡是你能想到的(应有尽有)
You say you name it, usually after or before a list, to indicate that you are talking about a very wide range of things.
例：Pickled cucumbers, jam, pickled berries, tomatoes; you name it, they've got it...酸黄瓜、果酱、腌浆果、西红柿，凡是你说得出的，他们都有。
例：I also enjoy windsurfing, tennis, racquetball, swimming, you name it.我也喜欢帆板、网球、短柄墙球、游泳等等，不一而足。

Word: fiberglass
Front: fiberglass
['faɪbəglɑ:s] (13397/-)
Back: n. 玻璃纤维，玻璃丝
分布：玻璃纤维(100%)
n. 玻璃纤维；玻璃丝
 - thread, fibre glass

Word: buggy
Front: buggy
[ˈbʌgi] (托宝 13418/15325 -1)
Vocabulary: buggy
(once / 1313 pages)
1n 2adj 3adj
A buggy is a cart with wheels that's pulled by a horse. In the 19th century, the most popular way to take short trips was in a horse and buggy.
Most people think of a horse pulling a carriage when they hear the word buggy, although you can use the term for other small vehicles, whether they're electric or powered by gasoline — like a golf buggy. If you use buggy to describe a camp site, however, you mean it's infested with insects. The origins of both meanings are uncertain, although the Middle English bugge, "something frightening" might be one root of the "full of bugs" definition.
WORD FAMILY
buggy: buggies, bugginess+/ bug: bugged, bugging, buggy, bugs, debug, superbug/debug: debugged, debugger, debugging, debugs/debugger: debuggers/superbug: superbugs
USAGE EXAMPLES
"We got rid of the buggy early and the girls walked everywhere," she said.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
She decided to ban young children from her eaterie in response to concerns over noise levels and buggies around tables.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
The software tends to be amateurishly written and buggy.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 婴儿车，童车; <俚>旧汽车; 小机动车; 轻便马车
adj. 多臭虫精神病的，疯的的; <俚>神经有毛病的，古怪的，淘气的
分布：婴儿车(61%)，多虫的(26%)，轻型马车(13%)
→词源不详。可能来自bogie, 台车，转向架。
【记】bug臭虫。象臭虫一样大的车：婴儿车
noun countable
BABY CHAIR 婴儿车 UK pushchair
['bʌg.i] noun countable
CAR 车
■a small car, usually with no roof, which is designed for driving on rough ground （为在崎岖路面行驶而设计的无顶）小汽车
• a golf/dune buggy 高尔夫球车／沙丘汽车
['bʌg.i] noun countable
CARRIAGE 马车 old-fashioned
■a light carriage pulled by one horse （一匹马拉的）轻便马车

Word: discreetly
Front: discreetly
[dɪ'skri:tlɪ] (13419/11394)
Back: adv. 谨慎地，小心地
分布：小心地(50%)，谨慎地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
(言行)谨慎的，考虑周到的
If you are discreet, you are polite and careful in what you do or say, because you want to avoid embarrassing or offending someone.
例：They were gossipy and not always discreet...他们很爱传闲话，而且常常口无遮拦。
例：He followed at a discreet distance.他小心翼翼地尾随在后，保持着一段距离。
ADJ-GRADED
言语谨慎的
If you are discreet about something you are doing, you do not tell other people about it, in order to avoid being embarrassed or to gain an advantage.
例：We were very discreet about the romance...我们对这段恋情很谨慎。
例：She's making a few discreet inquiries with her mother's friends.她旁敲侧击地向她母亲的朋友们打听过几次。
ADJ-GRADED
不显眼的;朴素的;少的;小的
If you describe something as discreet, you approve of it because it is small in size or degree, or not easily noticed.
例：She wore discreet jewellery.她戴着素净的首饰。
adv. 谨慎地；小心地
 - carefully, deliberately

Word: veneer
Front: veneer
[vəˈnɪə(r)] (宝 13417/13907 -1)
Vocabulary: veneer
(once / 4135 pages)
nv
You know how some furniture looks like solid oak or maple until it gets chipped and reveals itself to be nothing more than some cheap particle-board covered with a thin layer of fancy wood? That thin layer is called a veneer.
A veneer can be anything that makes something look more elegant or attractive than it is. Originally it was a furniture word, but over time its meaning expanded. If someone smiles at you while making some passive-aggressive remark, like, "Gee, you actually look really nice today," you could say that her inner meanness is showing through her veneer of sweetness.
WORD FAMILY
veneer: veneered, veneering, veneers+/veneering: veneerings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beneath the veneer of highfalutin intellectualism and the comedy of blunt honesty, the viewer responds to the truth of those connections.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This awards season, the most important accessory may very well be a beautifully crafted set of porcelain veneers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Putin this summer put a more openly Christian veneer on his government by promoting two figures who wear religion on their sleeve.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 饰面，护面; 外饰，虚饰; 表层饰板; 薄木片
vt. 给…镶以饰片; 虚饰，粉饰; 镶盖; 胶合
时态：veneered, veneering, veneers
分布：薄片镶饰(50%)，加薄片镶饰(25%)，虚饰或虚伪的外表(25%)
→来自法语fornir,提供，装饰，词源同furnish,引申词义薄片镶饰。
【记】ven胜利，eer人：胜利的人经常是因为虚饰了自己－用面板
US [-'nɪr] noun
countable or uncountable
■a thin layer of decorative wood or plastic used to cover a cheaper material 饰面薄板；镶板
• The wardrobe is made of chipboard with a pine veneer. 这个衣柜是用刨花板贴上一层松木镶板制成的。
only singular
■something which hides something unpleasant or unwanted 掩饰物；虚饰
• She managed to hide her corrupt dealings under a veneer of respectability. 她设法用一层体面的外衣掩盖了自己的腐败勾当。
n. 外表；虚饰； [建] 饰面；胶合板的一层； [木] 薄木片
 - facing, person, garment
vt. 胶合；虚饰；给…镶以饰片
 - gild

Word: thick
Front: thick
[θɪk] (中高研四六 1721/1806 -K3)
Vocabulary: thick
(once / 64 pages)
1adj 2adjnadv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj
When something's thick, it's wide from one side to the other, like a thick piece of French toast or a thick layer of snow on your car.
Thick things are broad or bulky or decidedly not thin — think of the thick slab of ice you need in order to skate safely on a lake. Thick can also mean "dense," like a thick chocolate milkshake, or your sister's thick, curly hair. If the kid who sits beside you in math class sees your test grade and calls you thick, it's not a compliment: she means you're not very smart.
WORD FAMILY
thick: thicken, thicker, thickest, thickly, thickness, thicks+/thicken: thickened, thickener, thickening, thickens/thickener: thickeners/thickening: thickenings/thickness: thicknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The baby was a strapping 6 pounds, 12 ounces, with thick, curly black hair like his father’s.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Sun spent much of his life not in the thick of action but abroad.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Now that we’re in the thick of a new awards season, revisit this critical favorite that won six Oscars.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 浓的，茂密的; 厚的，粗大的; 稠密的; 不透明的
adv. 密集地; 不清晰地; 〈口〉太过分; 频频地，时常
n. 最厚的部分; 最活跃或最激烈的部分; 〈口〉笨蛋; 〈俚〉可可粉
级别：thicker, thickest
分布：厚的(75%)，浓密的(17%)，粗的(7%)，愚笨的(1%)
→来自古英语 thicce,厚的，浓密的，来自 Proto-Germanic*thiku,厚的，来自 tegu,厚的，可 能来自 teue,膨胀，鼓起，词源同 thigh,thumb.引申诸相关词义。
a.厚的,粗的,稠的,浓的ad.厚,浓,密The thin sick chicken picks the thick sticky stick quickly.瘦病鸡快速地啄粘乎乎的粗棍.
adjective
NOT THIN 不薄的
 ESSENTIAL
■having a large distance between two sides 厚的；粗的；粗壮的
• a thick rope 粗绳子
• a thick layer of dust 厚厚的一层灰
• She picked up a thick volume and began to read out loud. 她拿起一本大部头书，开始大声朗读。
• The walls are two metres thick. 墙有两米厚。
• a thick (= made of thick material) sweater/coat 厚毛衣／外套
[θɪk] adjective
CLOSE TOGETHER 聚在一起的
 ADVANCED
■growing close together and in large amounts 密的，密集的；茂密的
• thick forest 茂密的森林
• thick dark hair 浓密的黑发
 ADVANCED
■difficult to see through 能见度低的，浓的
• Thick, black smoke was pouring out of the chimney. 浓黑的烟雾从烟囱里喷出来。
[θɪk] adjective
NOT FLOWING 不流动的
■(of a liquid) not flowing easily （液体）稠的，浓的
• thick soup 浓汤
• a thick sauce 稠酱汁
• thick paint 稠油漆
Opposite thin or runny
[θɪk] adjective
STUPID 愚蠢的 informal
■stupid 愚蠢的，笨的
• I told you not to touch that - are you deaf or just thick? 我告诉过你不要碰它——你是聋了还是傻了？
[θɪk] adjective
be (as) thick as thieves informal
■to be very close friends and share secrets, etc. 亲密无间，非常友好
• I'm sure she tells Ruth everything we say - they're as thick as thieves, those two. 我相信她会把我们所说的一切都告诉露丝——她们关系非常密切，那两人。
[θɪk] adjective
(as) thick as two short planks slang
■very stupid 笨得像木头，笨到极点
• He's a very skilled footballer but he's as thick as two short planks. 他是个技术很好的足球运动员，但是他这人是笨到了极点。
[θɪk] adjective
thick on the ground mainly UK informal
■existing in large numbers 大量存在
• Female engineers are not too thick on the ground. 女工程师并不多见。
adv. 密集地；浓浓地，厚厚地
 - deeply, densely

Word: chronological
Front: chronological
[ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (托雅 13403/12001 -1)
Vocabulary: chronological
(once / 2542 pages)
adj
If you’re making a list of all your teachers in the order you had them, from kindergarten right up to the present, you’re listing them in chronological order. Chronological is the order in which things actually happened.
Chronological doesn’t allow for time traveling or flashbacks. If you’re making a documentary of events leading up to World War II and you start in the early 1900s and end at the outbreak of the war, in 1939, that’s chronological. Reverse chronological order means giving the most recent event first, and going backwards from there. Chronological includes the useful Greek root khronos, "time."
WORD FAMILY
chronological: chronologically+/chronologize: chronologizing/ chronology: chronological, chronologies, chronologise, chronologize
USAGE EXAMPLES
It's an interesting format, working back from the PGA Championship to the Masters in chronological order.
Golf Digest(Dec 28, 2016)
“This is a population that appears much older than its chronological age,” Armstrong said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Bilott spent the next few months on the floor of his office, poring over the documents and arranging them in chronological order.
New York Times(Jan 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 按时间的前后顺序排列的; 编年的
分布：按时间顺序的(100%)
【记】chron时间，logical逻辑的－时间上有逻辑顺序
【参】chronicle（n 编年史）；chronometer（n 精密计时器）
ADJ
按时间顺序的;按先后次序的
If things are described or shown in chronological order, they are described or shown in the order in which they happened.
例：I have arranged these stories in chronological order.我把这些报道按时间顺序整理好了。
ADJ
(年龄)自然的，实龄的(与心理年龄或身心发展程度相对)
If you refer to someone's chronological age, you are referring to the number of years they have lived, in contrast to their mental age or the stage they have reached in their physical or emotional development.

Word: wastewater
Front: wastewater
['weɪstwɔ:tə(r)] (13395/-)
Back: n. 废水
分布：废水(84%)，污水(16%)
n. [环境] 废水，污水
 - drainage, sewage water

Word: minister
Front: minister
[ˈmɪnɪstə(r)] (高研四六雅 1910/294 -K5)
Vocabulary: minister
(once / 39 pages)
nv
You might meet a minister of the religious kind — a pastor or a rector. Or, you may meet a minister of the government kind — a prime minister or a minister of finance, for example.
You don't have to be religious to minister. When you minister to someone, you take care of them. All of these meanings of minister — both as a noun and as a verb — contain a grain of the original Latin meaning, "servant." A minister in a church serves his or her flock, and a prime minister serves his or her country.
WORD FAMILY
minister: ministered, ministerial, ministering, ministers, ministrant, ministration+/ ministerial: ministerially/ministrant: ministrants/ministration: ministrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition leaders said they were not celebrating the prime minister’s legal struggles.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Investigators questioned the prime minister for three hours at his official residence in Jerusalem.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The chief minister on Sunday called a meeting of senior leaders and legislators at his house where he was unanimously elected the party's new president.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 大臣; 部长; 公使; 牧师
vi. 辅助，服侍; 执行牧师职务
时态：ministered, ministering, ministers
分布：部长(73%)，牧师(12%)，大臣(11%)，外交使节(2%)，照顾(1%)，给予帮助(1%)
→来自古法语menistre,仆人，奴才，管家，臣子，来自拉丁语minister,仆人，下属，下等人，来自minus,下等的，次等的，-ter,比较级后缀。后用于指现代政府的部长，大臣。比较marshall.minister 部长，大臣
仆人;部长(mini+ster→小人→古代大臣称自己是"小人"→部长,大臣)[mini,min=small,表示"小"]
n.部长,大臣In the Administration, this minister is in charge of registering regional religions.在内阁中这个部长负责登记区域宗教.
US [-stɚ] noun countable
POLITICIAN 政治家
 IMPROVER
■a member of the government in Britain and many other countries who is in charge of a particular department or has an important position in it 部长；大臣
• the foreign/health minister 外交／卫生部长
• the Minister of/for Education 教育部长
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.stər] US [-stɚ] noun countable
PRIEST 牧师
 ADVANCED
■a priest in particular parts of the Christian church 牧师
• a minister at the local Baptist church 本地浸信会教堂的牧师
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.stər] US [-stɚ] noun countable
COUNTRY'S REPRESENTATIVE 国家的代表 specialized
■a person below the rank of ambassador whose job is to represent his or her country in a foreign country 公使；外交使节
• the Belgian minister in Madrid 比利时驻马德里公使
UK ['mɪn.ɪ.stər] US [-stɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  minister to sb
■to give help to or care for people, for example people who are ill 给予（某人）帮助；照料（病人等）
• formal The priest ministers to his flock (= the people who go to his church). 牧师对他的教徒给予关爱。
• humorous I spent most of the morning ministering to my sick husband. 我上午的大部分时间都在照顾生病的丈夫。
n. 部长；大臣；牧师
 - secretary, priest

Word: pennant
Front: pennant
[ˈpenənt] (宝 13423/20233 -1)
Vocabulary: pennant
(once / 2508 pages)
1n 2n
A pennant is a long flag that tapers at one end. You might see a pennant flying on a navy ship, being waved in the crowd of spectators at a baseball game, or hanging on a sporty kid’s bedroom wall.
Nautical pennants were the original triangular or tapered flags, and they are still flown on most active warships. Sporting pennants also have a long history, and were once commonly given as prizes or trophies and waved by fans in the stands at high school and college sporting events. Sports teams can still win a pennant, but pennants are often purchased as souvenirs at games and wind up on fans’ walls.
WORD FAMILY
pennant: pennants
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jansen posted a 1.83 ERA in 71 appearances in 2016, helping to lead the Dodgers to within two wins of the National League pennant.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 12, 2016)
The fact they've won 16 National League Pennants and only two world series is extremely impressive is the worst way.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
But Russ Hodges’s famous call — “The Giants win the pennant!” — was heard on radio, not television.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 校旗; 锦标旗; 长三角旗; （船上用的）信号旗
分布：奖旗(55%)，信号旗(35%)，长三角旗(10%)
→来自拉丁语penna,羽毛，词源同pen.引申词义旗帜，三角旗。
【记】源于pendant（n 悬挂物）的变体
noun countable
■a triangular-shaped flag 三角旗，尖旗
■a flag which is the symbol to show that a particular baseball team is the winner among the group of teams which it plays in （棒球赛中优胜队的）锦旗，奖旗
• Divisional winners meet in the final to decide the pennant. 小组优胜者在决赛中较量以决定谁是锦标得主。
n. 细长三角旗；奖旗；信号旗
 - weft, signal flag

Word: hotline
Front: hotline
[ˈhɒtlaɪn] (13429/15833 -1)
Back: n. 热线（电话）; 电话咨询服务专线
分布：热线(96%)，电话咨询服务专线(3%)，各国政府首脑之间通话的热线(1%)
US ['hɑ:t-] noun countable
■a special direct telephone connection for emergencies （应对紧急情况的）热线
• A national telephone hotline has been set up for students suffering from stress. 已经为那些受到压力困扰的学生们设立了一条全国热线。
n. 热线；热线电话，咨询电话
 - hot-wire

Word: eleventh
Front: eleventh
[ɪ'levnθ] (13428/7132 -4)
Back: num. 第十一; 十一分之一的
n. 第十一; （每月的）第十一日; 十一分之一
分布：第十一(46%)，第十一的(27%)，十一分之一的(27%)
ordinal number
■11th written as a word 第十一（的）
[ɪ'lev.ənθ] ordinal number
the eleventh hour
■the last moment or almost too late 最后一刻，最后时刻
• We only received the signatures at the eleventh hour. 我们只是在最后一刻才收到签名。
• an eleventh-hour decision by the union to call off the strike 工会在最后一刻作出的取消罢工的决定
[ɪ'lev.ənθ] noun countable
■one of eleven equal parts of something 十一分之一

Word: thump
Front: thump
[θʌmp] (托 9995/8054 -1)
Vocabulary: thump
(once / 931 pages)
1nv 2v
A thump is a hard, thudding sound, or an equally hard hit or blow, like the thump your older brother gives you when you embarrass him in front of his friends.
If you drop your backpack full of books it'll make a thump as it hits the floor. And, if your friend starts to choke on his lemonade at lunch, you might want to give him a thump on the back. You can also thump enthusiastically on a drum. Thump is an imitative word, one that mimics the sound of hitting something heavily. It dates from the sixteenth century.
WORD FAMILY
thump: thumped, thumping, thumps+/thumping: thumpingly, thumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was a perfect opportunity for the Seahawks to deliver a classic thumping.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Seminoles are at home next Saturday against Virginia Tech, which thumped No. 5 Duke 89-75 on Saturday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Washington walked off the field on Jan. 1, 1992, after thumping Michigan 34-14 in the Rose Bowl, assuring itself a share of the national title.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 重击，捶击; 步履沉重地走; （心脏等）扑扑地跳; 砰地撞到
n. 砰的重击声; 重击，捶击; （电话中的）电报噪音; [无线]键击噪音
时态：thumped, thumping, thumps
分布：重击(56%)，重打(12%)，重击声(12%)，用拳头打(10%)，怦怦跳(5%)，猛击(5%)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to hit someone with your fist (= closed hand) or to hit something and cause a noise 重击，捶击
• He thumped him in the face. 他一拳狠狠打在他的脸上。
• He thumped on the door but nobody came. 他使劲敲门，但没人来应。
sb's head thumps
■If your head thumps, you can eel pain in strong beats in your head （某人）头痛欲裂
• When I woke up my mouth was dry and my head was thumping. 我醒来时口干舌燥、头痛欲裂。
sb's heart thumps
■If your heart thumps, it beats more strongly and quickly than usual, because of exercise, fear or excitement （某人）心怦怦直跳
• She stood outside his room, her heart thumping. 她站在他的房门外，心怦怦直跳。
[θʌmp] noun countable usually singular
■when you thump someone or something 重击，捶击
• If he does that again I'm going to give him a thump (= hit him with my closed hand). 如果他再那样做，我要好好捶他一顿。
■when something falls heavily, or the sound this makes 砰然落下，或物体落下的声音
• She fell to the floor with a thump. 她重重地摔倒在地上。
vt. 重击；用拳头打；砰地撞到
 - pound on, gang bang
vi. 重击；狠打；砰然地响
 - pound on, gang bang
n. 重打；重击声
 - pound

Word: Parisian
Front: Parisian
[pə'rɪziən] (13432/14515)
Back: n. 巴黎人
adj. 巴黎人的；巴黎的
分布：巴黎人(100%)
adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to the city of Paris in France 巴黎的，巴黎人的，和巴黎有关的
• She's got that Parisian chic. 她有那种巴黎式的时髦。
[pərɪzjən] [-zɪən] [-ʒjən] [-ʒɪən] [-ʒn] noun countable
■a person who comes from Paris 巴黎人

Word: siding
Front: siding
[ˈsaɪdɪŋ] (13415/15690)
Back: n. 铁路的侧线，旁轨
分布：壁板(43%)，侧线(32%)，墙板(15%)，动词side的现在分词形式.(5%)，铁路旁轨(5%)
noun
RAILWAY 铁路
countable
■a short railway track connected to a main track, where carriages are kept when they are not being used （车厢不用时停靠的）侧线，旁轨
['saɪ.dɪŋ] noun
MATERIAL 材料
uncountable US
■material which covers the surface of the outer walls of a building, usually in sloping layers 壁板，墙板
• vinyl/aluminum/wood siding 聚乙烯／铝／木墙板
n. [铁路] 侧线；旁轨， [船] 边宽
 - sidetrack
v. 支持（side的现在分词）；给…装上侧面；收拾，整理
 - supporting, encouraging

Word: Pakistani
Front: Pakistani
[.pæki'stɑːni] (7311/12523)
Back: n. 巴基斯坦人
adj. 巴基斯坦的
分布：巴基斯坦的(58%)，巴基斯坦人(42%)
noun countable adjective
■Pakistani 巴基斯坦人／巴基斯坦的

Word: chassis
Front: chassis
[ˈʃæsi] (13409/12589 -1)
Vocabulary: chassis
(once / 12455 pages)
n
A chassis is the frame of a car. If you warp the chassis of your mom’s car when you make a Dukes of Hazzard jump, she's going to be mad. Pronounce chassis CHASS-ee (singular) and CHASS-eez (plural).
Chassis comes from the Latin capsa, meaning box. In the 1600s, chassis referred to window frames, and starting with early automobile production, acquired its dominant meaning, i.e., the box that is the frame for the car. It also means other kinds of frame/boxes too — if you have a radio or a stereo, the outside box is called a chassis.
WORD FAMILY
chassis
USAGE EXAMPLES
Handshakes and backslaps to the engineers who tuned the chassis.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
If political violence was the fuel of the redemption machine, new disenfranchising laws comprised its chassis and the Democratic party was its engineer.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Abeyta, the architect, refers to the casino as “the chassis,” which is centrally located along the spine of the rectangular building.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （车辆的）底盘; （飞机的）起落架; 炮底架; （无线电、电视等的）底架
分布：底盘(50%)，起落架(30%)，底架(20%)
→来自case, 箱子，盒子。词义扩展为汽车底盘。
【记】读：拆洗－底盘在汽车底下，必须拆下来才能洗
US ['tʃæs.i] (UK ['ʃæs.iz/ US ['tʃæs.iz/ plural chassis)
noun countable
■the frame of a vehicle, usually including the wheels and engine, onto which the metal covering is fixed （车辆的）底盘
• The car's lightweight chassis is made from aluminium sheets. 这种汽车的轻型底盘是用薄铝板制成的。
n. [机] [电子] 底盘， [军] [车辆] 底架
 - underpan, batholith

Word: miniseries
Front: miniseries
[ˈmɪnisɪəri:z] (13071/-)
Back: n. 电视连续短剧
分布：电视连续短剧(100%)
N-COUNT
（通常在一周内分两至三集播完的）电视连续短片，迷你剧
A mini-series is a drama shown on television in two or three parts, usually in one week.

Word: landscaping
Front: landscaping
['lændskeɪpɪŋ] (13438/19709)
Back: n. 景观美化; 造园林
分布：景观美化(95%)，动词landscape的现在分词.(5%)
N-VAR
（陆上）风景，自然景色
The landscape is everything you can see when you look across an area of land, including hills, rivers, buildings, trees, and plants.
例：...Arizona's desert landscape...亚利桑那的沙漠风光
例：We moved to Northamptonshire and a new landscape of hedges and fields.我们迁往北安普敦郡，置身于一派树篱和田野的新景致中。
N-COUNT
形势；情形；情状
A landscape is all the features that are important in a particular situation.
例：...a change in the political landscape.政治形势的改变
例：...a landscape of unparalleled ignorance.愚不可及的情况
N-COUNT
山水风景画；乡村风景画
A landscape is a painting which shows a scene in the countryside.
VERB
对…作景观美化；给…作园林美化
If an area of land is landscaped, it is changed to make it more attractive, for example by adding streams or ponds and planting trees and bushes.
例：The gravel pits have been landscaped and planted to make them attractive to wildfowl...砾石采掘坑已进行了景观美化并种上了草木，希望能吸引野禽的到来。
例：They had landscaped their property with trees, shrubs, and lawns.他们用树木、灌木丛和草坪将房产装点了一番。

Word: cod

Word: exact
Front: exact
[ɪgˈzækt] (高研四托宝 3341/3270 -K4)
Vocabulary: exact
(once / 48 pages)
1adj 2v
If something's exact, it's precise and completely accurate — as opposed to a guess, an estimate, or an approximation.
Exact also has the meaning of taking something from someone, often money, and generally only given up with reluctance under the threat of force. The Mob might exact a shakedown from unfortunate businessmen, for example. The word comes from the Latin exactus "exact or accurate," a form of the verb exigere — meaning "to force out or demand," like the Mob demanding its money.
WORD FAMILY
exact: exacted, exacter, exactest, exacting, exactingly, exaction, exactly, exactness, exacts, inexact +/ exacting: unexacting/exaction: exactions/ exactly: exactlys/exactness: exactnesses/ inexact: inexactest, inexactly, inexactness/inexactness: inexactnesses/unexacting: unexactingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Autopsy results are still awaited to determine the exact cause of death of Daniel R.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Dietrich said that when she encounters problems with criminal records, it’s usually in decades-old cases in which the exact details of the outcome weren’t recorded.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Metro did not respond to requests for data on the exact weight of the new trains.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 准确的; 严密的; 精密的，精确的
vt. 要求; 苛求; 迫使; 强求
时态：exacted, exacting, exacts
分布：确切的(96%)，精密严谨的(4%)
→ex-, 向外。-act, 做，驱使，称量，词源同act, examine, exigent. 即称量的，精确要求的。
强求;精确的(ex出+act→[要求]做出来→强求)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
a.确切的,正确的,精确的The exact contact with practice has practical impact on me.同实践的密切接触对我有实际的影响.
【记】ex出，act行动－要求做出行动－强求，然后引申为精确的
【参】exaction（n 勒索；苛求）
【反】forgive（vt 原谅；饶恕；宽免债务）；condone（vt 宽恕；赦免）
adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■in great detail, or complete, correct or true in every way; precise 精确的；确切的；正确的
• The exact distance is 1.838 metres. 精确距离是1.838公尺。
• The exact time of the accident was 2.43 pm. 事件发生的正确时间是下午两点四十三分。
• "I still owe you £7, don't I?" "Actually, it's £7.30 to be exact." “我还欠你七英镑，是不是？”“实际上，正确地说应该是7.3英镑。”
• The exact location of the factory has yet to be decided. 这工厂的正确位置还未定案。
• Unlike astronomy, astrology cannot be described as an exact science. 占星术与天文学不同，严格来讲，占星术不能称为一门科学。
[ɪg'zækt] verb transitive formal
■to demand and get something, sometimes using force or threats, or to make something necessary 勒索；强要；迫切需要
• to exact revenge on someone 向某人报复
• The blackmailers exacted a total of $100 000 from their victims. 勒索人从受害人那里总共勒索了十万美元。
• Heart surgery exacts tremendous skill and concentration. 心脏外科手术要求施术者技术高超且精神要高度集中。
correct, accurate, exact, true, right, precise
这组词都有“准确的，正确的”的意思，其区别是：
correct: 最常用词，主要指按一定标准或规则来衡量，没有谬误和差错或无缺点错误。
accurate: 指通过谨慎的努力达到符合事实或实际，侧重不同程度的准确性，与事实无出入。
exact: 着重在质与量方面的准确，语气比accurate强。
true: 暗指绝对准确，尤指复制品与原件丝毫不差。
right: 使用广泛，可与这些词中的correct换用，但常暗示道德、理解、行动等方面的正确。
precise: 侧重极端准确，更强调细节的精确无误。
adj. 准确的，精密的；精确的
 - nice, accurate, precise, mathematical, strict
vt. 要求；强求；急需
 - require, desire, call for

Word: honored
Front: honored
['hɒnɔ:d] (13385/-)
Back: adj. 光荣的：荣幸的
v. 尊敬，给以荣誉( honor的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：受尊敬的(67%)，深感荣幸的(33%)
adj. 受尊敬的；已承兑或付款的
 - respected, reputable

Word: responsibly
Front: responsibly
[rɪˈspɒnsəbli] (13399/18543)
Vocabulary: responsibly
(once / 16214 pages)
adv
When you do something in a careful, trustworthy way, you do it responsibly. If you spend your money responsibly, you'll probably be able to save some of it.
Acting responsibly is important in life — it's what makes people trust you, and it means you usually do things only after thinking them over and choosing what's wisest or most sensible. You can't get a driver's license until you prove you can drive responsibly. And, before someone hires you to babysit, they'll want to know you act responsibly. The Latin root is respons-, "answerable" or "offered in return."
WORD FAMILY
responsible: irresponsible, responsibility, responsibleness, responsibly +/ irresponsibility: irresponsibilities/ irresponsible: irresponsibility, irresponsibleness, irresponsibly/ responsibility: responsibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
His administration ought to use these final weeks to fix its Al-Sawah mess in Bosnia responsibly and quickly.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
“It will continue that tradition and teach how to responsibly use firearms and to responsibly use them for good and the defense of others.”
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“GSA is committed to responsibly administering all of the leases to which it is a party.”
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 负责地; 有责任感地; 有鉴别力地; 能明辨是非地
分布：可靠地(58%)，负责地(42%)
ADJ
负有责任的;应承担责任的
If someone or something is responsible for a particular event or situation, they are the cause of it or they can be blamed for it.
例：He still felt responsible for her death...他仍然觉得自己对她的死负有责任。
例：I want you to do everything you can to find out who's responsible.我希望你能尽一切可能找出责任人。
ADJ
对(某事物)负责的
If you are responsible for something, it is your job or duty to deal with it and make decisions relating to it.
例：...the minister responsible for the environment...负责环境工作的部长
例：The man responsible for finding the volunteers is Dr. Charles Weber.负责寻找志愿者的人是查尔斯·韦伯博士。
ADJ
对(某人或某团体)负责的
If you are responsible to a person or group, they have authority over you and you have to report to them about what you do.
例：I'm responsible to my board of directors...我对董事会负责。
例：The government will be responsible to the President alone.政府只对总统一人负责。
ADJ-GRADED
负责的;有责任心的;可靠的
Responsible people behave properly and sensibly, without needing to be supervised.
例：He's a very responsible sort of person...他是个非常有责任心的人。
例：He feels that the media should be more responsible in what they report.他觉得媒体应该对报道的内容更负责任些。
ADJ-GRADED
责任重大的
Responsible jobs involve making important decisions or carrying out important tasks.
例：I work in a government office. It's a responsible position, I suppose, but not very exciting...我在政府机关工作。我想那是一个责任重大的职位，但并不是很有意思。
例：They have been demoted to less responsible jobs.他们被降职去做不太重要的工作。
adv. 负责地，可信赖地
 - trustworthily

Word: fore
Front: fore
[fɔ:(r)] (研六 13386/9559 -1)
Vocabulary: fore
(once / 584 pages)
adjnadv
The front of a ship is called the fore, and the back is the "aft." A cruise ship might be so large that your cabin at the ship's fore is almost a quarter mile from your sister's in the aft.
Fore also refers more generally to something at or near the front, like someone who's at the fore of her profession as a pastry chef. As an adjective, fore also describes things close to the front — your puppy's fore legs are the ones in front. When golfers shout, "Fore!" it's a warning to watch out for the ball, or to "look ahead."
WORD FAMILY
fore: fores
USAGE EXAMPLES
Children's charities were also at the fore when he donated each year to Capital Radio's appeal.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
The sheriff also said he was especially proud of his annual charity golf tournament, the Sheriff Box Shoot-Out “Fore” Kids, which he started in 1993.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This lopsided racial sorting of jobs is only one of the fault lines brought to the fore by the presidential election.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 在前部的; 以前的
adv. 在前头，朝前头; 在前面
n. 前部; 船头
prep. 在…前
int. （打高尔夫球者的叫声）让开！
分布：船头(62%)，前头(21%)，在前的(17%)
→来自per, 向前，穿过，词源同for, forth. 与for在中古英语时期才产生词义上的差别。
ad.在前面a.先前的;在前部的n.前部Our seats are at the fore part of an aircraft.我们的位置在飞机的前部.
US [fɔ:r] noun
to the fore
■to public attention or into a noticeable position 公众的关注；显要位置
• Various ecological issues have come to the fore since the discovery of the hole in the Earth's ozone layer. 自从发现地球臭氧层空洞以来，各种生态问题成为公众关注的热点。
• The prime minister has deliberately brought to the fore those ministers with a more caring image. 首相故意突出那些形象更为亲民的大臣。
⇒ See also the forefront
UK [fɔ:r] US [fɔ:r] adverb [before noun] adjective
■(especially on ships) towards or in the front 向（尤指船只）前部（的）；在（尤指船只）前部（的）
adj. 以前的；在前部的
 - previous, ago
adv. 在前面；在船头
 - front, onwards

Word: centrist
Front: centrist
[ˈsentrɪst] (13442/26137 -1)
Vocabulary: centrist
(once / 6156 pages)
nadj
A centrist is someone who has very moderate political views. Most centrists are against any big political shifts — either to the left or to the right.
Some politicians like to describe themselves as centrists because it makes them sound very reasonable and balanced. In reality, centrists are rare in politics, since people tend to have strong opinions about issues including taxes, the size of government, and inequality. Centrist comes from the French centriste, ultimately from the Latin centrum, "center."
WORD FAMILY
centrist: centrists+/centrism: centrist
USAGE EXAMPLES
In his telling, Trump is a political centrist who is misconstrued as an extremist.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But both are relatively centrist by their countries’ standards.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet even centrist parties in Israel don’t oppose some settlements.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （政治上的）中立派; 温和派
adj. 温和派的
分布：中立派议员(55%)，中立者(27%)，中立派的(18%)
→来自center, 中间。
adjective
■supporting the centre of the range of political opinions 中间派的；温和派的

Word: bustle
Front: bustle
[ˈbʌsl] (托雅 13447/12009 -1)
Vocabulary: bustle
(once / 517 pages)
1vn 2n
A flurry of activity and commotion is often referred to as bustle. If you want to see true bustle in action, just walk through Times Square in New York during lunch hour.
If it's busy, energetic or moving about at a rapid pace, then it's bustling. Word historians think bustle might stem from an Old Norse word meaning "to prepare." However, it's probably easier to remember bustle by the synonym it's often used with — hustle, as in "the hustle and bustle of a big city."
WORD FAMILY
bustle: bustled, bustles, bustling+/bustling: bustlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of the park was and still is a green refuge from the bustle just outside its gates.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“If you visit a campaign headquarters at the end of the election, it should be bustling with young people,” she said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Still, the Jews retain enemy status, their presence felt in a series of bustling, bristling choruses.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 喧闹; 忙乱; 奔忙
vt. 催促; 使忙碌
n. 喧闹; （女裙后部的）腰垫，裙撑; 热闹的活动; 奔走，忙乱
时态：bustled, bustling, bustles
分布：匆忙(38%)，衬垫(25%)，催促(25%)，喧哗(12%)
→来自bust, 同burst, 爆发。
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to do things in a hurried and busy way 匆忙做，忙碌
• Thora bustled about the flat, getting everything ready. 托拉在公寓里忙着把所有东西都准备好。
['bʌs.l] noun
ACTIVITY 活动
uncountable
■busy activity
• I sat in a café, watching the (hustle and) bustle of the street outside. 我坐在咖啡馆里，望着街上忙碌的景象。
['bʌs.l] noun
DRESS 裙子
countable
■a frame worn under a dress or skirt by women in the late 19th century to make the skirt stick out （19世纪末女子的）裙撑
vi. 喧闹；忙乱；充满
 - whoop up, abound with
vt. 使忙碌；催促
 - crowd, occupy, exercise
n. 喧闹；活跃；裙撑；热闹的活动
 - activity, rumpus

Word: crepe
Front: crepe
[kreɪp] (13430/24345)
Vocabulary: crepe
(once / 11354 pages)
1n 2n 3nv
A crepe is a thin, French of pancake. It's also a word for a type of thin, crinkly paper. Don't confuse your crepes and start chewing on paper.
Both types of crepes are thin, though there's only one kind you'd want to eat. The inedible crepe is paper that's very thin and crinkly. Crepe paper is usually colored and is often used in decorations. The other type of crepe is a thin pancake that is filled with many types of food, including meat and fruit. Crepes are even thinner than Swedish pancakes, and they're either sweet or savory. This word shares a linguistic ancestor with English's crisp.
WORD FAMILY
crepe: creped, crepes, creping
USAGE EXAMPLES
For dessert, there are crepes folded like kerchiefs and diner-style waffles.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The carrot crepe with littleneck clams, an immediate Instagram star, is both a novelty and a fine way to start dinner.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Then grab a crepe at the Clifton Cafe, where the staff says Erin’s Eclectic Berry is a favorite.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 绉纱，绉绸
时态：creped, creping, crepes
分布：绉丝(38%)，绉胶(31%)，绉绸(21%)，薄煎饼(10%)
→来自crisp, 脆的，卷的。
noun
FOOD 食品 (also crêpe) [krep] countable mainly US
■a thin light pancake 薄烤饼
noun
CLOTH 布 (ALSO UK also crêpe) (also crape) [kreɪp] uncountable
■thin cloth with a wrinkled (= having small, thin folds) surface 绉绸，绉纱
• a black crepe dress 黑色绉绸连衣裙
• a crepe jacket 绉纱夹克
noun
RUBBER 橡胶 (also crêpe) [kreɪp] uncountable
■a strong type of rubber with a rough surface, used especially for making the bottom of shoes 绉胶（尤用于制作鞋底）
• crepe-soled shoes 绉胶底的鞋
n. 绉纱；绉绸
 - crape

Word: attune
Front: attune
[ə'tju:n] (宝 13450/18642)
Vocabulary: attune
(once / 4472 pages)
v
When you attune to something, you adjust to it and become aware of the way it works. A new parent has to attune to a baby's schedule and personality.
Preschool teachers need to attune to their students' various needs and interests, and when you visit a foreign country it's important to attune to the unfamiliar culture, so that you're both comfortable and respectful. The verb attune is almost always followed by "to," and it often shows up in the form of "be attuned to." Attune comes from tune, "bring into a state of proper pitch."
WORD FAMILY
attune: attuned, attunes, attuning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Attuned to the deception, U.S. immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Attuned to the deception, United States immigration officials put Chinese arrivals through a formidable inquisition to ensure they were who they claimed to be.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
So those lines that we consider as being abstract, they’re probably more attuned spiritually than they are to abstraction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 使协调; <音>调音
时态：attuned, attuning, attunes
分布：使协调(48%)，调音(29%)，使调和(23%)
【记】at一再，tune音调－调音
vt. 使协调；使合拍；为…调音；调合波长
 - concert, coordinate with

Word: garb
Front: garb
[gɑ:b] (托 13405/19631)
Vocabulary: garb
(once / 857 pages)
nv
Your garb is what you are wearing — your clothing. You may choose the garb of an auto mechanic, even though you don’t know the difference between a carburetor and a catalytic converter, just because you like the look.
Within your closet, you probably have the garb of a student — casual clothes that are just right for school — along with the more formal garb you are expected to wear for holidays at your grandmother's house or when giving a speech. When you usually see your buddy, the Marine, in his military garb, it might catch you by surprise when you see him flopped on his couch in the garb of a lazy lounger.
WORD FAMILY
garb: garbed, garbing, garbs+/garbed: ungarbed
USAGE EXAMPLES
The medals and Team USA garb are packed in boxes in her mother’s North Dakota home.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
They don’t work in anything about Alexander Hamilton, but they are dressed in the right period garb.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Others wore thin, even translucent garb or floral crowns.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <正，幽>（尤指某类人穿的特定）服装，衣服，制服
vt. 装扮; 穿衣
时态：garbed, garbing, garbs
分布：装束(46%)，打扮(32%)，外表(13%)，穿衣(9%)
→词源同gear, 装置，装备，引申义服装，衣服。
US [gɑ:rb] literary
noun uncountable
■clothes that are in a particular style or are a uniform （某种特定式样的）服装，装束；制服
• prison/clerical/military garb 囚衣／教士服／军装
n. 服装；装束；打扮
 - clothing, wear, garment, apparel, costume
vt. 装扮；穿衣
 - rig out, to dress

Word: habitual
Front: habitual
[həˈbɪtʃuəl] (四六 13451/11263 -1)
Vocabulary: habitual
(once / 455 pages)
adj
If something is habitual, it's what you usually do. Your habitual jeans and t-shirt might work for school, but try dressing up for the opera.
Habitual is the adjective form of habit, which comes from the Latin habēre, which meant the mode of one's being, and often referred to the mode of dress. Now habit means anything you do repeatedly — your habitual actions. Perhaps you have a habitual preference for cheeseburgers, which you eat at your habitual restaurant on your habitual Wednesday night out.
WORD FAMILY
habitual: habitually+/ habit: habitable, habited, habiting, habits, habitual, habituate / habitable: habitability, habitableness/ habituate: habituated, habituates, habituating, habituation/habituation: habituations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials say Roux was sentenced to the Florence McClure Women’s Correctional Center nearly five years ago after being convicted of being a habitual criminal.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Large population studies also suggest an association between habitual high protein intake and a heightened risk of diabetes.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
The Ardeche case is one of several brought under the controversial French law criminalising "habitual" visits to sites that promote terrorism.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 习惯的; 惯常的; 习以为常的
分布：习惯的(62%)，惯常的(38%)
→来自habit,习惯。
惯常的(habit+ual)[habit=dwell,表示"居住"]
adjective slightly formal
■usual or repeated 通常的；习惯性的
• a habitual thief 惯窃
• habitual drug use 吸毒成瘾
• dressed in his habitual black 身穿他惯常的黑色衣服
• her habitual meanness 她一贯的卑劣行为
usual, habitual, regular, conventional, customary
这组词都有“通常的，惯常的”的意思，其区别是：
usual: 普通用词，概念广泛。指经常发生或意料中的事，既可指自然发生的现象，也可指按个人习惯或惯例而做的事。
habitual: 指按个人习惯反复发生的事情。侧重经常性、习惯性。
regular: 着重遵守约定俗成的规则。
conventional: 语气强，指遵守已成习惯的事情，强调符合惯例，由人们普遍认可。
customary: 指特定的个人或群体的平常习惯，或习俗性的行为。
adj. 习惯的；惯常的；习以为常的
 - used, frequent, confirmed

Word: Celtic
Front: Celtic
['seltɪk] (13431/17613)
Back: n. 凯尔特语（等于Keltic）
adj. 凯尔特人的；凯尔特语的
分布：凯尔特的(100%)
adjective
■of an ancient European people who are related to the Irish, Scots, Welsh and Bretons, or of their language or culture 凯尔特人的；凯尔特语的；凯尔特文化的
• Celtic art 凯尔特艺术

Word: eerily
Front: eerily
['iərili] (13401/21907)
Back: adv. 引起神秘感或害怕地
分布：可怕的(36%)，奇异的(29%)，怪诞的(28%)，害怕的(7%)
ADJ-GRADED
怪异的;可怕的
If you describe something as eerie, you mean that it seems strange and frightening, and makes you feel nervous.
例：I walked down the eerie dark path.我走在那条漆黑恐怖的小路上。
例：...an eerie calm.静得瘆人
adj. 怪诞的；奇异的；可怕的
 - terrible, funny, fantastic, eery

Word: cheaply
Front: cheaply
[ˈtʃi:pli] (13400/8583 -K)
Back: adv. 便宜地，不值钱地
分布：廉价地(75%)，粗俗地(25%)
adverb
■for a low price 便宜地，廉价地
• The shop round the corner does shoe repairs very cheaply. 街角那家店修鞋非常便宜。
adv. 便宜地；廉价地
 - inexpensively

Word: valet
Front: valet
[ˈvæleɪ] (13435/22245)
Vocabulary: valet
(once / 872 pages)
nv
A valet is like a butler: a servant who attends to his employer's needs.
A valet is a personal attendant to his employer, who might run errands, clean, cook, drive, or perform other tasks as needed. A valet works very closely with his employer and might even live on the premises. If you go to a fancy restaurant or hotel, you might have a valet park your car — but don't expect him to do your laundry!
WORD FAMILY
valet: valeted, valeting, valets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Police say they found 25-year-old Xavier Smith of New York shot near valet parking at Tropicana Hotel and Casino early Sunday.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
VIP visitors access it from a valet parking porte-cochere at one end, while “self-park” visitors enter through the elevators at the opposite end.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 男子的贴身男仆; （旅馆中洗熨衣服的）侍者; 伺候客人停车、用车的人; 衣帽架
vt. 做贴身男仆; 为…管理衣物，替…洗熨衣服
vi. 伺候，服侍; 清洗（汽车）
时态：valeted, valeting, valets
分布：贴身男仆(100%)
→来自古法语vaslet,仆人，字母s脱落，来自拉丁语vassus,仆人，封臣，词源同vassal, varlet,引申词义代客泊车，代驾。
US [vəˈleɪ/
■someone in a hotel who cleans clothes （饭店中）清洗衣物的服务员
■US
■someone at a hotel or restaurant who puts your car in a parking space for you （饭店或餐厅的）代客泊车者
■the personal male servant of a rich man, especially in the past （尤指旧时富人的）贴身男仆
verb transitive UK [ˈvæl.eɪ/
    UK [-ɪt] US [vəˈleɪ] UK to clean, especially the inside of, something 清洗（尤指内部）
• There's a service which will valet your car for you while it is parked. 有一项代客洗车服务是趁车停泊在那里时进行的。
vi. 清洗汽车；服侍
 - wait on, attend upon

Word: ordering
Front: ordering
[ˈɔ:dərɪŋ] (13424/9813)
Back: n. 排序; 分类; 调整; 整顿
v. （医生）开（处方）( order的现在分词 ); 订购; （上帝、命运等）注定; 点（饭菜，饮料等）
分布：命令(64%)，次序(18%)，定购(15%)，动词order的现在分词形式.(3%)
PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
为了;以便;目的在于
If you do something in order to achieve a particular thing or in order that something can happen, you do it because you want to achieve that thing.
例：Most schools are extremely unwilling to cut down on staff in order to cut costs.大部分学校都很不愿意为减少开支而裁员。
例：...asking them to risk their lives in order that the rest of us can sleep better.为了让我们其余这些人能够睡得更安稳而要他们冒生命危险
PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
（某人）要想…（必须）…
If someone must be in a particular situation in order to achieve something they want, they cannot achieve that thing if they are not in that situation.
例：We need to get rid of the idea that we must be liked all the time in order to be worthwhile...我们必须抛弃那种认为要想活得有价值就得始终取悦他人的想法。
例：They need hostages in order to bargain with the government.他们要想同政府讨价还价就得有人质。
PHR-CONJ-SUBORD
（某事必须发生）…才能…
If something must happen in order for something else to happen, the second thing cannot happen if the first thing does not happen.
例：In order for their computers to trace a person's records, they need both the name and address of the individual.在他们的电脑上查询个人记录，需要提供被查询人的姓名和地址。
n. 订购；排序； [计] 定序
 - sorting, sequencing
v. 订购（order的ing形式）；命令；指挥
 - telling, conducting

Word: faith-based

Word: age-old
Front: age-old
[ˈeɪdʒˈəʊld] (-1)
Back: adj. 古老的; 久远的; 存在很久的; 由来已久的
分布：古老的(100%)
US [-ˌoʊld-] literary
adjective [before noun]
■very old 古老的；由来已久的
• an age-old story of love and betrayal 以爱和背叛为题材的古老故事
adj. 古老的；由来已久的
 - old, ancient

Word: elf
Front: elf
[elf] (11795/7462)
Vocabulary: elf
(once / 6393 pages)
n
An elf is a mythological creature that's said to be tiny, magical, and a little mischievous. Elves are not just known for giving Santa a hand. In fact, ancient Anglo-Saxon medical books ascribed some illnesses to elves.
Old English texts often blamed elves for sharp pains and mental disturbances — they were said to cause illness with sharp weapons, such as arrows. The folklore and myths of Scotland, Iceland, and Germany are particularly famous for the inclusion of elves. An elf's tiny size has also led to the use of elfin or elf-like to describe a small person's features: "His little elfin nose was so cute."
WORD FAMILY
elf: elfish, elflike, elfs+/elfish: elfishly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Santa, Fitch admits, is supposed to be an elf.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
People were calling him the “mountain elf,” he said, because of his beard.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Under #MuslimChristmas on Instagram, one woman incorporated her hijab into an elf costume, with a caption proclaiming herself “Santa’s first Muslim helper.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. （双耳尖尖的）小精灵，小妖精; 石箭头
adj. 着迷的
分布：淘气鬼(58%)，恶人.(14%)，一种为Linux系统所采用的通用文件格式(14%)，恶作剧的人(14%)
→可能来自albho, 白，词源同album, albumen.即着白衣的精灵。
[elf] (plural elves)
noun countable
■a small person with pointed ears who has magic powers in children's stories （童话中长着尖耳朵的）小精灵，小妖精
n. 小精灵；淘气鬼
 - fairy, little people

Word: liturgical
Front: liturgical
[lɪ'tɜ:dʒɪkl] (13392/17255)
Vocabulary: liturgical
(once / 8449 pages)
adj
Anything liturgical is related to a public religious service or ritual. An example of something liturgical is the Catholic service when the Eucharist (wine and crackers, also known as the blood and body of Christ) is given.
If you hear about a liturgical tradition or liturgical reading, you can be sure of one thing — it involves a religious service. The liturgy is a set way of doing a religious ritual, so anything liturgical usually happens in a church. Other times, a liturgical ceremony could be part of some other tradition, ritual, or service. Religious scholars and clergy are experts on liturgical matters.
WORD FAMILY
liturgical: liturgically+/liturgist: liturgists/ liturgy: liturgical, liturgies, liturgist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bach was reprimanded for neglecting his teaching duties and for inserting himself into musical and liturgical matters around the city.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Two liturgical celebrations are planned on Wednesday, including when he takes his oath of fidelity.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Pope Francis isn't a supporter of liturgical traditionalism, so his olive branch to the group surprised many when he announced it last year.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. <正>礼拜仪式的
分布：礼拜式的(100%)
ADJ
（用于）礼拜仪式的
Liturgical things are used in or relate to church services.

Word: prioritize
Front: prioritize
[praɪˈɒrətaɪz] (13446/25089)
Vocabulary: prioritize
(once / 26924 pages)
v
Prioritize means to rank in order of importance. There are so many great clubs and activities to get involved in––you should be sure to prioritize the ones you like, or you'll get burned out.
Prioritize can also mean to set something at the top of a ranking system. By prioritizing healthy eating and exercise, you can lose weight and stay in shape. In the same way, when something is a priority, it usually means it has a high priority, or as some like to say, "priority number one."
WORD FAMILY
prioritize: prioritized, prioritizing+/ prior: priority, priorly, priors, priorship/prioritise: prioritising/ priority: priorities, prioritise, prioritize /priorship: priorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
They’d be well advised to fire their Growth Hackers and start prioritizing intellectual integrity over content farming.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Republicans prioritize policies that will allow them to maintain power, while Democrats favor pragmatic governance.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
The Swedish government says it tries to prioritize cases like Girmay's, where the applicant is about to turn 18.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 按重要性排列，划分优先顺序; 优先处理
时态：prioritized, prioritizing, prioritizes
分布：把 ... 区分优先次序(100%)
→来自priority,优先权，-ize,使。
US [-'ɔ:r.ə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to decide which of a group of things are the most important so that you can deal with them first 确定（事项的）优先次序
• You must learn to prioritize your work. 你必须学会确定事情的轻重缓急。

Word: inconvenient
Front: inconvenient
[ˌɪnkənˈvi:niənt] (托 13410/11098 -1)
Vocabulary: inconvenient
(once / 425 pages)
adj
Inconvenient things are difficult or annoying to do. If someone asks you to help move a couch on a Saturday when you have tickets to a game, that's an inconvenient request.
If you have to go to the bathroom very badly just as a test is starting, that's inconvenient. If the movie projector breaks in the middle of a movie, that's inconvenient. Other times, things are inconvenient just because they're kind of a pain. It’s inconvenient of your mom to ask you to do chores just as you're ready to go out with friends. Inconvenient things get in the way of what we really want to do.
WORD FAMILY
inconvenient: inconvenience, inconveniently+/ convenience: conveniences/ convenient: convenience, convenienter, convenientest, conveniently, inconvenient / inconvenience: inconvenienced, inconveniences, inconveniencing
USAGE EXAMPLES
That list would be topped by Davis Guggenheim’s An Inconvenient Truth, about Al Gore’s mission to get the planet to wake up to global warming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It is also right to speak truth, even when it may be inconvenient, to our closest of allies.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
The inconvenient fact is, actual voter fraud is vanishingly rare in American politics.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 不方便的; 打扰人的，麻烦的; 不便
分布：不方便的(100%)
→in-,不，非，convenient,方便的。
adjective
■causing problems or difficulties 带来不便的
• an inconvenient time/place 不方便的时间／地点
• It will be very inconvenient for me to have no car. 没有车对我来说会很不方便。
[ˌɪn.kən'vi:.ni.ənt] adjective
  Common Learner Errors  inconvenient or inconvenience? Warning: do not confuse the adjective inconvenient with the noun inconvenience :
✗ We apologise for any inconvenient. We apologise for any inconvenience.
adj. 不便的；打扰的
 - disadvantageous, intrusive

Word: ya
Front: ya
[jə] (13416/13373)
Back: abbr. yarn 线; yaw axis 偏航轴; young adults 青壮年
分布：代词(70%)，名词(30%)

Word: gubernatorial
Front: gubernatorial
[ˌgu:bənəˈtɔ:riəl] (13439/30543)
Vocabulary: gubernatorial
(once / 5256 pages)
adj
Anything gubernatorial has to go with governors, the same way that anything "presidential" has to do with presidents.
A governor is the elected leader of a state in America, and anything gubernatorial has to do with governors and their governing. There are gubernatorial debates and gubernatorial elections. If elected, the governor has many gubernatorial duties to carry out in the gubernatorial mansion. And if a candidate acts out of line, you could say "That's not very gubernatorial" — meaning they’re not acting like a governor should.
WORD FAMILY
gubernatorial
USAGE EXAMPLES
The debate over scholarships and public school funding is shaping up to be a key wedge issue during the 2018 gubernatorial campaign.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
HB2, along with other right-leaning bills he signed, turned this fall’s gubernatorial campaign into a referendum on the state’s recent conservative slant.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The margin between Cooper and his challenger, the incumbent Pat McCrory, was just 10,000 votes, the closest in recent gubernatorial history.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 统治者的; 地方长官的; 州长的; 总督的
分布：州长的(100%)
→词源同govern, 管理。
US [-bɚ.nə'tɔ:r.i-] US specialized
adjective
■relating to a governor (= the official leader of a state in the United States) （美国）州长的，州长职位的
adj. 州长的；统治者的；地方长官的；总督的
 - viceregal

Word: apprehensive
Front: apprehensive
[ˌæprɪˈhensɪv] (研宝 13421/11267 -1)
Vocabulary: apprehensive
(once / 1225 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're apprehensive, you're anxious or fearful. If you just got run over by a crazy bicyclist, you might be a bit apprehensive crossing the street.
Apprehensive is from a Latin word meaning "to seize," and it originally meant "quick to seize impressions or ideas, perceptive, intelligent." Now it means "anticipating something bad, fearful of what may happen." Synonyms are afraid, which suggest a more immediate fear, and fearful, which suggests a more general temperament ("a fearful child"). You can be apprehensive about a situation while being an optimistic and courageous person in general.
WORD FAMILY
apprehensive: apprehensively, apprehensiveness, unapprehensive+/ apprehend: apprehended, apprehender, apprehending, apprehends, apprehensible, apprehension, apprehensive, misapprehend /apprehender: apprehenders/apprehensible: apprehensibly/ apprehension: apprehensions/ misapprehend: misapprehended, misapprehending, misapprehends, misapprehension / misapprehension: misapprehensions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Estonians are not nervous — at best, apprehensive in the face of ambiguous messages,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
I became increasingly apprehensive but eventually, one organisation - Rusta - reassured me a bit.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
For someone who grew up with a famous dad and was a star at Kansas State in college, Lockett is, by nature, apprehensive of attention.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 忧虑的; 有理解力的; 惶惑
分布：忧虑的(47%)，善于领会的(30%)，知晓的(23%)
【反】intrepid（adj 大无畏的）
adjective
■feeling worried about something that you are going to do （对将要做的事情）担忧的，担心的
• I'm a bit apprehensive about tomorrow's meeting. 想到明天的会议，我就有些惴惴不安。
• I've invited a lot of people to the party, but I'm a bit apprehensive that no one will come. 我邀请了很多人来参加聚会，但我有些担心，怕没人会来。
adj. 忧虑的；不安的；敏悟的；知晓的
 - troubled, uncomfortable

Word: fertilize
Front: fertilize
[ˈfɜ:təlaɪz] (托宝 13459/24109 -1)
Back: vt. 使肥沃; 使受孕; 施肥
时态：fertilized, fertilizing, fertilizes
分布：施肥(65%)，使肥沃(21%)，使丰富(7%)，使受粉(7%)
→来自fertile, 能生育的。-ize, 使。
施肥;受精(fertile+ize表动词→施肥带来粮食)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【记】fer带来－带来好土壤－施肥
【参】fertile（adj 肥沃的；能繁殖的）＝fecund；fertilizer（n 化学肥料）fertility（n 肥沃；多产；生产力）＝fecundity
US ['fɝ:.tˌəl.aɪz] verb transitive
LAND 土地
■to spread a natural or chemical substance on land or plants, in order to make the plants grow well 施肥于
(UK usually fertilise) UK ['fɜ:.tɪ.laɪz] US ['fɝ:.tˌəl.aɪz] verb transitive
EGG/SEED 卵／种子
■to cause an egg or seed to start to develop into a new young animal or plant by joining it with a male cell 使受精；使受孕；使受粉
• Bees fertilize the flowers by bringing pollen. 蜜蜂透过传播花粉使花朵受粉。
• Once an egg is fertilized by the sperm, it becomes an embryo. 卵子受精后即成胚胎。
vt. 使受精；使肥沃
 - enrich

Word: binding
Front: binding
[ˈbaɪndɪŋ] (9118/5163 -2)
Back: n. 捆绑; （衣服等的）镶边; 粘合剂; 书籍的封面
adj. 捆绑的; 粘合的; （书面材料）有约束力的; 应履行的
v. 约束( bind的现在分词); 装订; 捆绑; （用长布条）缠绕
分布：镶边(68%)，有法律约束力的(16%)，必须遵守的(16%)
adjective
■(especially of an agreement) which cannot be legally avoided or stopped （尤指协议）必须遵守的，有结束力的
• a binding agreement 必须遵守的协定
• The contract wasn't legally binding. 这份合约在法律上没有约束力。
['baɪn.dɪŋ] noun
countable or uncountable
■the type of cover that a book has （书籍的）封皮
uncountable
■a thin strip of material which can be sewn along the edges of clothes or other objects 镶边，滚边
binding, sustaining, restraining
binding: 有约束力的
sustaining: 持续的，支持的
restraining: 抑制的，遏制的
n. 装订；捆绑；粘合物
 - bookbinding, tying up
adj. 有约束力的；捆绑的
 - bundled

Word: snowstorm
Front: snowstorm
[ˈsnəʊstɔ:m] (研四六 13456/23065)
Back: n. [气]暴风雪，雪崩; 雪暴
分布：暴风雪(92%)，雪暴(8%)
n.暴风雪Nowadays the once unknown snowy hill is well-known for snowstorm.如今那座曾经不出名的多雪小山因暴风雪而出名.
US ['snoʊ.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a heavy fall of snow which is blown by strong winds 暴风雪
n. 暴风雪； [气象] 雪暴
 - blizzard, stormy weather

Word: Sioux

Word: diversification
Front: diversification
[daɪˌvɜ:sɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 13436/10411)
Vocabulary: diversification
(once / 10516 pages)
n
Diversification is the opposite of sameness. Use diversification to describe the goal achieved by a store that started with deli sandwiches and now offers gourmet coffee, muffins, soups, and salads.
If a group seeks diversification, it wants to attract people of different ages from various backgrounds. If your financial adviser tells you that your stock portfolio needs diversification, this means you need to have stocks from a variety of companies and different industries. In other words, things should be more diverse. Use that to remember how to pronounce the word: Say diverse, then add if-ick-a-shun.
WORD FAMILY
diversification: diversifications+/ diversified: undiversified/ diversify: diversification, diversified, diversifies, diversifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a nutshell, it involves using diversification, and sometimes borrowed money, to find an optimal balance between risk and return.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
A fund does offer diversification, though, which is a plus.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
The move is a vote of confidence in platinum in addition to a strategic diversification away from the often difficult operating environment in South Africa.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 变化，多样化; 多种经营
分布：多元化(100%)
VERB
增加…的品种;从事多种经营;（使）多样化
When an organization or person diversifies into other things, or diversifies their range of something, they increase the variety of things that they do or make.
例：The company's troubles started only when it diversified into new products...当公司增加新产品时，麻烦才开始的。
例：Manufacturers have been encouraged to diversify...制造商们被鼓励要做到产品多样化。
n. [贸易] 多样化；变化
 - variation, shift, change, turn, mutation

Word: sarcasm
Front: sarcasm
[ˈsɑ:kæzəm] (研托雅 13455/12625 -1)
Vocabulary: sarcasm
(once / 539 pages)
n
Irony employed in the service of mocking or attacking someone is sarcasm. Saying "Oh, you're soooo clever!" with sarcasm means the target is really just a dunderhead.
Sarcasm is sometimes used as merely a synonym of irony, but the word has a more specific sense: irony that's meant to mock or convey contempt. This meaning is found in its etymology. In Greek, sarkazein meant "to tear flesh; to wound." When you use sarcasm, you really tear into them. A clever person coined the variant spelling sarchasm (a blend of sarcasm and chasm) and defined it as "the gap between the author of sarcastic wit and the person who doesn't get it."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
irony / satire / sarcasm
Irony, satire, and sarcasm all fall into the category of, "That's funny but I'm not sure what my English teacher wants me to call it."
Irony describes situations that are strange or funny because things happen in a way that seems to be the opposite of what you expected. Note the "opposite" here. If an expectation is black, then an ironic outcome would be white, not off-white or gray. Here are some clear examples.
Bill Hillmann, the author of multiple books about how to not get gored by bulls was the only non-Spaniard to get gored in the 2014 running of the bulls in Pamplona. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
The Business Software Alliance is an an anti-piracy agency that used to pay people to report unlicensed content on the internet. The group has been caught using a "stolen" photo in one of their ads to attract new snitches on Facebook. (Cracked Magazine July 2015)
Satire means making fun of people by imitating them in ways that expose their stupidity or flaws.
In 2000, Saturday Night Live's satire of what happened in the [presidential] campaign became the conventional wisdom for what was going on in the campaign. (The Observer)
The late-night talk and news satire is scheduled to return with new episodes in February. (Los Angeles Times)
As with satire, sarcasm depends on the listener or reader to be in on the joke. Sarcasm is insincere speech. Your mom asks if you're excited to start cleaning the kitchen and you say, "Yeah, right," when you mean "Heck no." Take this exchange from The Hunger Games.
"What about you? I've seen you in the market. You can lift hundred pound bags of flour," I snap at him.
"Yes and I'm sure the arena will be full of bags of flour for me to chuck at people."
To distinguish irony from satire and sarcasm, remember that irony pertains to situations while satire and sarcasm are forms of expression. People make satire and sarcasm happen. Irony is just there.
WORD FAMILY
sarcasm: sarcasms, sarcastic +/ sarcastic: sarcastically, unsarcastic
USAGE EXAMPLES
If not, sparklers or terrible indoor fireworks are a low-cost way for teens and pre-teens to flex their sarcasm muscles.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
“You can’t cry all the time,” explains Crystal, adding that her family is “fluent in sarcasm.”
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Another Weibo user turned to sarcasm with this mental image: "I always picture the Ancient Emperor strolling through the Forbidden City holding a smartphone."
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 讥讽; 讽刺话
分布：讽刺(64%)，挖苦(36%)
→来自拉丁语 sarcasmus,来自希腊语 sarkasmos,讽刺，挖苦，嘲笑，来自 sarkazein,挖肉，割肉， 来自 sarx,肉。
尖刻讽刺(尖刻的话像咬人一块肉一样)[sarc=flesh(肉)]
【记】源于：sarcastic（adj 讽刺的）
【反】praise（n /v 赞扬）
US ['sɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the use of remarks which clearly mean the opposite of what they say, and which are made in order to hurt someone's feelings or to criticize something in a humorous way 讽刺，挖苦，嘲笑
• "You have been working hard, " he said with heavy sarcasm, as he looked at the empty page. “你工作真卖力，”他看着空白页狠狠地挖苦我。
Compare irony
UK ['sɑ:.kæz.əm] US ['sɑ:r-] noun uncountable
Sarcasm is the lowest form of wit / humour. saying
■said to mean that sarcasm is very unkind 挖苦是最低级的幽默；挖苦乃刻薄之举
n. 讽刺；挖苦；嘲笑
 - hit, satire

Word: must
Front: must
[məst] (中 223/111 -K5)
Vocabulary: must
(once / 7 pages)
1nadj 2n 3n
A must is something that's so important it can't be missed or ignored. When you're taking kayaking lessons, a lifejacket is a must.
Anything that is required is a must: drinking enough water is a must for being healthy. When you adopt a new dog, making sure he'll get along with your cat is a must. Another meaning of the noun must is a stale, stuffy smell. Your damp basement and dry, hot attic might both smell of must. This meaning comes from the adjective musty, a variation on the older, now obsolete moisty.
WORD FAMILY
must: musts, musty +/ musty: mustier, mustiest, mustily, mustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It must be bad news, and they think I might fall apart.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
As a result, scientists who study the compound must follow a host of restrictive rules.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
All that bought the Colts was another disappointing season, and now Irsay must decide whether he’s willing to admit a mistake so soon.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: aux. 必须; 必然要; （做出逻辑推断）; （表示坚持）
n. 必须做的事，必不可少的事物; 葡萄汁; 霉臭; 麝香
vt. & vi. （表示必要或很重要）必须; （提出建议）应该; 得; （表示很可能或符合逻辑）一定
adj. 不可或缺的; 狂暴的
分布：必须(90%)，应当(4%)，很可能(2%)，必须做的事(2%)，发霉(1%)，未发酵的葡萄汁(1%)
→来自古英语motan,有能力做，有必要做，-st,过去分词后缀，来自Proto-Germanic*mot,能力，力量，来自med,测量，衡量，采取手段，词源同measure,medical.其在古英语时期语气并不是很强烈，后不断强化。比较noblesse oblige.must 葡萄汁，葡萄酒，甜酒
aux. & v.必须;很可能;一定要n.必须做的事I must go now.我得走了.
modal verb
NECESSARY 必要的
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that it is necessary or very important that something happens in the present or future 必须
• Meat must be cooked thoroughly. 肉必须彻底煮熟。
• I must get some sleep. 我必须睡一会儿了。
• You mustn't show this letter to anyone else. 你不可以把这封信拿给其他人看。
• Luggage must not be left unattended (= it is against the rules). 行李不能无人看管。
• formal Must you leave so soon? 你非得这么早离开不可吗？
• formal "Must I sign this?" "No, there's no need." “我必须在这里签字吗？”“不，没必要。”
 ESSENTIAL
■If you say that you must do something, you mean that you have a definite intention to do something in the future 一定要，坚持要
• I must phone my sister. 我一定要打个电话给我妹妹。
• We must get someone to fix that wheel. 我们一定要找人修修那个轮子。
• I mustn't bite my nails. 我决不可以咬指甲。
 ADVANCED
■used for emphasis （表示强调）必须
• I must say , you're looking extremely well. 我不得不说，你看起来真是神采飞扬。
• I must admit , I wasn't looking forward to it. 我必须承认，我当时完全没有料到会发生此事。
 ADVANCED
■If you tell someone else that they must do something pleasant, you are emphasizing that you think it is a good idea for them to do that 务必，一定要
• You must come and stay with us for the weekend. 你一定要来和我们一起度周末。
• We must meet for lunch soon. 我们一定要快快找个日子相约吃午餐。
  Common Learner Errors  mustMust is followed by an infinitive verb without 'to'. Don't say 'must to do something', say must do something
✗ You must to pay attention to your pronunciation. You must pay attention to your pronunciation.
[strong form mʌst] [weak form məst] [məs] modal verb
PROBABLY 可能
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that something is very likely, probable or certain to be true 想必；一定
• Harry's been driving all day - he must be tired. 哈里开了一天车，他一定累了。
• There's no food left - we must have eaten it all. 没有食物了，想必我们全都吃光了。
• When you got lost in the forest you must have been very frightened. 那天你在森林里迷路了，一定很害怕吧。
• "You must know Frank." "No, I don't." “你一定认识弗兰克。”“不，我不认识。”
[strong form mʌst] [weak form məst] [məs] noun countable informal
■something which is necessary 必不可少的事物
• If you live in the country a car is a must. 如果你住在乡下，汽车是必不可少的。
have to, must
这组词都有“必须，不得不”的意思，其区别是：
have to: 通俗用语，指受客观条件或环境迫使而“不得不”做某事，突出客观性。
must: 通常表示命令或说话人主观认为必须要做某事，含强调语气，侧重主观性。
aux. 必须，一定；可以，应当；很可能
 - may, shall, ought

Word: postmodernism
Front: postmodernism
[ˌpəʊstˈmɒdənɪzəm] (13522/30118)
Back: n. 后现代主义
分布：后现代主义(100%)
→post-,在后，modernism,现代主义。
N-UNCOUNT
后现代主义（20世纪后期艺术、建筑、文学领域的一种流派，通常以讽刺的手法将风格、观点、指代对象与现代社会揉为一体）
Post-modernism is a late twentieth century approach in art, architecture, and literature which typically mixes styles, ideas, and references to modern society, often in an ironic way.

Word: Australian
Front: Australian
[ɒ'streɪliən] (中高雅 5172/3122)
Back: adj. 澳大利亚的，澳大利亚人的
n. 澳大利亚人
分布：澳大利亚的(64%)，澳大利亚人(36%)
US [ɑ:'streɪl.jən] noun countable
■a person from Australia 澳大利亚人
UK [ɒs'treɪ.li.ən] US [ɑ:'streɪl.jən] adjective
■from, belonging to, or relating to Australia 澳大利亚的
• Australian wine/weather/politics 澳大利亚的葡萄酒／天气／政治

Word: residuals
Front: residuals
[rɪ'zɪdʒʊəlz] (13461/-)
Back: 剩余误差
分布：残差(79%)，名词residual的复数形式.(7%)，追加酬金(7%)，剩余额(7%)
n. 残差（residual的复数）；剩余误差；残留物
 - hangovers

Word: mummy
Front: mummy
[ˈmʌmi] (13389/2995 -1)
Vocabulary: mummy
(once / 1327 pages)
1n 2n
A mummy is either a preserved dead body or a British person’s mom, ideally not at the same time. In ancient Egypt, preserving a body as a mummy was part of a religious belief in an afterlife.
Today, some bodies are embalmed and preserved after death, but rarely with the same ceremony that preparing a mummy involved. Most mummies were wrapped in cloth and treated with chemicals, after having their internal organs removed. Many countries have ancient mummy traditions, including China, Libya, Iran, and Italy, as well as the country most famous for its mummies, Egypt. The word comes from the Arabic mumiyah.
WORD FAMILY
mummy: mummies, mummify +/ mummify: mummification, mummified, mummifies, mummifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Field Museum in Chicago created a traveling exhibition that used CT scanning to “unwrap” ancient mummies.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It’s been called the curse of The Mummy.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
My eldest son calls it 'Mummy's smiley face'.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 妈妈; 木乃伊; 干尸; 干瘪的人
分布：木乃伊(100%)
→来自拉丁语mumia,来自阿拉伯语mumiyah,防腐处理过的尸体，来自波斯语mumiya,沥青， 柏油，来自mum,蜡。引申词义木乃伊。
noun countable
MOTHER 妈妈
 IMPROVER UK (US mommy) child's word for
■mother
• [as form of address] I want to go home, Mummy. 我想回家，妈咪。
• Could I speak to your mummy please, Phoebe? 我能和你妈妈通话吗，菲比？
['mʌm.i] noun countable
BODY 尸体
■(especially in ancient Egypt) a dead body that is prevented from decaying by being treated with special substances before being wrapped in cloth （尤指古埃及的）木乃伊，干尸
n. 妈妈；木乃伊；干瘪的人
 - mom, mama

Word: Armenian
Front: Armenian
[ɑ:'mi:nɪən] (13376/17392)
Back: n. 亚美尼亚语；亚美尼亚人
adj. 亚美尼亚的；亚美尼亚人的
分布：亚美尼亚人(47%)，亚美尼亚语(21%)，亚美尼亚人的(16%)，亚美尼亚的(16%)
US [ɑ:r-] noun countable adjective
■Armenian 亚美尼亚人／亚美尼亚的

Word: reconnect
Front: reconnect
[ˌri:kəˈnekt] (13425/33790)
Back: vt. 再供应（水电等），再接通（电话）
时态：reconnected, reconnecting, reconnects
分布：重新连接(93%)，使再接合(7%)
→re-,再，重新，connect,连接。
VERB
重新接通;重新提供
If a company reconnects your electricity, water, gas, or telephone after it has been stopped, they provide you with it once again.
例：They charge a £66.10 fee for reconnecting cut-off customers...他们向申请重新接通服务的用户收取66.10英镑的费用。
例：Local electricity companies say some homes won't be reconnected until the end of the week.当地电力公司称一些住户要到周末才能恢复供电。

Word: major-league
Front: major-league
['meidʒə'li:ɡ] None
Back: adj. 第一流的; 职业体育总会的
分布：第一流的(100%)
adj. 第一流的；职业体育总会的
 - classical, royal, champion

Word: ruffle
Front: ruffle
[ˈrʌfl] (托雅宝 13470/12645 -1)
Vocabulary: ruffle
(once / 682 pages)
1v 2vn 3nv 4v 5v
A ruffle a pleated piece of decorative fabric often used as trim on clothes, like the ruffles on a pirate’s shirt. To ruffle is to make someone lose their composure. Argh.
The word ruffle is mysterious, but it might be from the Low German word ruffelen which means "to wrinkle." A ruffle on the bottom of a dress is like a fancy wrinkle. To ruffle someone is to upset them, and they’ll need to get straightened out. Often, this word is used in the expression "ruffle their feathers." Hearing bad news will ruffle most people's feathers. An unruffled person and an unruffled shirt will both be smoother.
WORD FAMILY
ruffle: ruffled, ruffles, ruffling+/ ruffled: unruffled
USAGE EXAMPLES
It remains to be seen whether Xi will continue to ruffle feathers in 2017.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
In Mather Brown’s depiction, he’s all bouffant wig and ruffles, encased, it would seem, in an elitist bubble.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But in 2016 the upset became the norm, and this year it was the British and American issues of Vogue ruffling feathers.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 褶裥; 混乱; （鼓的）轻擂声; 急躁，生气
vt. & vi. 弄皱; 激怒; 连续地轻敲; 扰乱
时态：ruffled, ruffling, ruffles
分布：花边(28%)，扰乱(25%)，激怒(22%)，褶饰(19%)，弄皱或弄乱某物(6%)
→词源不详，可能来自 rough 的发音拼写讹误。来自 rough 的词源义，击，打，弄皱，词源同 corrugate,rug.引申词义褶饰，花边等。
【记】ruff＝rufang，le乐了：皮肤就会起皱
【反】preen（v 把（自己）打扮漂亮）
verb
transitive
■to touch or move something smooth so that it is not even 弄乱；弄皱；使不平整
• She affectionately ruffled his hair with her hand as she passed. 她从他身边走过时，亲昵地伸手拂乱了他的头发。
• The birds ruffled their feathers (up) in alarm. 鸟惊恐地竖起了羽毛。
transitive often passive
■to annoy or upset someone, or to make them very nervous 使生气；使心烦意乱；使紧张
• He's easily ruffled by criticism. 他受到一点批评都会恼羞成怒。
['rʌf.l] verb
ruffle sb's feathers
■to upset or annoy someone 使（某人）心烦意乱；使（某人）生气；使（某人）恼怒
• She knows how to ruffle his feathers. 她知道怎样去惹他发火。
['rʌf.l] noun countable
■a series of small folds made in a piece of cloth or sewn onto it, as decoration 褶裥饰边
vt. 弄皱；触怒；扰乱；迅速翻动
 - disorder, upset
vi. 起皱；烦恼；连续地轻敲
 - trouble, worry
n. 皱褶；生气；混乱；连续轻敲声
 - vitality, animation, pet, chaos, disorder

Word: believable
Front: believable
[bɪˈli:vəbl] (13443/19992 -1)
Vocabulary: believable
(once / 1834 pages)
adj
If something's believable, it's not too outlandish to believe — it makes sense that it's true. A believable explanation for why you're late to work might be a flat tire or a broken alarm clock.
Believable stories are convincing, and believable excuses are credible. It's believable that you once spotted a movie star at a restaurant in New York, but less believable that you then went to a carnival together and rode on the Ferris Wheel. The word believe is at the heart of believable, from the Old English belyfan, "to believe." The more common spelling until the 17th century was beleeve.
WORD FAMILY
believable: believability, believably, unbelievable +/ belief: beliefs, disbelief, unbelief /believability: believabilities/ believe: belief, believable, believed, believer, believes, believing, disbelieve, misbelieve/ believer: believers, nonbeliever, unbeliever/believing: believingly, believings, unbelieving/ disbelief: disbeliefs/disbelieve: disbelieved, disbeliever, disbelieves, disbelieving/disbeliever: disbelievers/disbelieving: disbelievingly/misbelieve: misbelieved, misbeliever, misbelieves, misbelieving/misbeliever: misbelievers/nonbeliever: nonbelievers/ unbelief: unbeliefs/ unbelievable: unbelievably/unbeliever: unbelievers/unbelieving: unbelievingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Therefore, by applying that term to credible outlets, it becomes much more believable.”
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Eventually, accord is reached in the quietest and most believable way possible—it sneaks up on the characters, and on us.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
That’s about as believable as his plan for replacing Obamacare with something better.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 可信的
分布：可相信的(100%)
【反】implausible（adj 难以置信的）
adjective
■If something is believable, it seems possible, real or true 可信的
• I didn't find any of the characters in the film believable. 我觉得影片中的人物都不真实。
adj. 可信的
 - trusted, credible, authentic

Word: potency
Front: potency
[ˈpəʊtnsi] (13482/9122 -1)
Vocabulary: potency
(once / 178 pages)
n
Use the noun potency when you're talking about the strength of something. You could refer to the potency of a drug or the potency of a political leader.
Potency is an official measurement in pharmacology, or the science of prescribing drugs. It's also useful for describing a person's power or authority over others. The Latin root word is potentia, or "power," and its origin goes all the way back to the Sanskrit word for "master or husband," patih. The word potency has historically been associated with men, but it's fine to use it to describe a woman's power too.
WORD FAMILY
potency: potencies, potential, prepotency+/ impotence: impotences/impotency: impotencies/ impotent: impotence, impotency, impotenter, impotently/ potent: impotent, potency, potenter, potentest, potently/ potential: potentiality, potentially, potentials/potentiality: potentialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Traditionally one of the nation’s stingiest teams, Florida State had developed an offensive potency to augment its taut defense.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Participants agreed that the WHO definition was adequate, and that potency is not relevant to the identification of hazards such as EDCs.
Nature(Nov 21, 2016)
But I don’t know how anyone could credibly deny the potency of Jones’s burly, urging voice.
The New Yorker(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 效力; 潜能; 权势; （男人的）性交能力
分布：效力(74%)，潜能(13%)，权力(13%)
US ['poʊ.tˌənt-] noun uncountable
■strength, influence or effectiveness 力量；影响力；效力
• This new drug's potency is not yet known. 这种新药的效力目前还不清楚。
• He owed his popular support to the potency of his propaganda machine. 他获得广泛支持，他将这归功于他的宣传机器的力量。
■a man's ability to have sex （男子的）性能力
• Consuming large amounts of alcohol can significantly reduce a man's potency. 大量饮酒会大大降低男子的性机能。
Compare impotence
n. 效能；力量；潜力；权势
 - efficiency, strength, might, muscle, power

Word: workday
Front: workday
[ˈwɜ:kdeɪ] (高 13488/42847)
Back: n. 工作日; 平日（指非假日）; （一个）工作日; 一天的工作时间
adj. 日常的; 工作日的; 平凡的; 平淡无奇的
分布：工作日(83%)，工作时间(17%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable mainly US for working day
n. [劳经] 工作日
 - week day, werktag
adj. 日常的， [劳经] 工作日的；平凡的
 - daily, everyday, household, routine, ordinary

Word: unfit
Front: unfit
[ʌnˈfɪt] (高六 13433/9543 -1)
Vocabulary: unfit
(once / 613 pages)
adjv
If someone is unfit, they're not qualified. You're unfit for a job as an ice cream truck driver if your only driving experience has been steering a bumper car at an amusement park.
Farmland can be described as unfit for planting if it's been leached of nutrients, and a babysitter might be accused of being unfit if he gets distracted and loses track of his charges on the playground. In either case, the unfit thing or person doesn't meet the necessary requirements or standards. Another way to be unfit is to be out of shape or in poor physical condition. Fit can mean both "suitable" and "in good shape."
WORD FAMILY
unfit: unfitly, unfitness, unfits, unfitted, unfitting+/ fit: fitful, fitly, fitness, fits, fitted, fitter, fittest, fitting, misfit, refit, unfit / fitful: fitfully, fitfulness/ fitness: fitnesses/fitter: fitters/fitting: fittingly, fittingness, fittings, ill-fitting / misfit: misfits, misfitted, misfitting/refit: refits, refitted, refitting/unfitness: unfitnesses/unfitting: unfittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Opposition lawmakers held up Monday’s reported police probe as a sign that Mr. Netanyahu was unfit to lead.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Followers of the eugenics campaign believed that people they deemed genetically “unfit” shouldn’t be allowed to reproduce.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Though unfit to play, he wrote that that doctor declared him eligible to return, which allowed the Bengals to release him.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 不适宜的，不适当的; 体格不佳的，不健康的
vt. 使不相宜，使不合格
时态：unfitted, unfitting, unfits
分布：不健康的(42%)，不合适的(31%)，使不合格(27%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not suitable or healthy; not fit 不健康的；不合适的；不相称的
• The building was declared unfit for human habitation. 这座大楼被宣布不适合人们居住。
• I used to take plenty of exercise, but now I'm terribly unfit. 我过去经常进行大量锻炼，但现在我的身体状况非常糟糕。
adj. 不适宜的；不合格的；不健康的
 - rejected, unsuited

Word: idly
Front: idly
[ˈaɪdli] (13463/12613)
Back: adv. 懒惰地; 无所事事地; 闲着; 无益地
分布：漫不经心地(50%)，懒散地(50%)
→来自idle,懒散的。
adverb
■without any particular purpose 无目的的
• I was just glancing idly through a magazine. 我只是在漫不经心地翻看杂志。
■doing nothing 无行动的；不活动的；不活跃的
• She lay idly on the grass. 她懒洋洋地躺在草地上。
• We cannot stand idly by while these people suffer. 这些人在受苦，我们不能袖手旁观。
adv. 无所事事地；懒惰地，空闲地；无益地
 - slothfully, vainly

Word: grown-up
Front: grown-up
[ɡrəʊn ʌp] (-1)
Back: adj. 成年的，成人的; 成熟的; 适合于成人的
n. 成年人
分布：成年人(84%)，成人的(16%)
a.成长的,成熟的,成人的n.成年人The grown-up growled at a crowd of crows.那个成年人对着一群公鸡咆哮.
US [ˈgroʊn-]
 ADVANCED
■an adult, used especially when talking to children （尤指用于对儿童说话时）大人，成年人
• Ask a grown-up to cut the shape out for you. 请大人来替你剪出这个形状。
adjective UK [ˌgrəʊnˈʌp] US [ˌgroʊn-]
 ADVANCED
■If you say that someone is grown-up, you mean that they are an adult or that they behave in a responsible way 成年的，成熟的
• She has two grown-up children who work in the family business. 她有两个孩子，都已长大成人，在他们的家族企业工作。
• He seems very grown-up for a ten-year-old. 做为一个十岁的小朋友，他看上去很成熟。
• This book is a bit too grown-up for you (= you are too young to understand this book). 这本书对你这个年龄的孩子来说有点困难了。
mature, ripe, adult, grown-up
mature: 泛指动植物的成熟
ripe: 主要用于果实成熟；
adult: 强调法律规定的成年人；
grown-up: 身体发育成熟；
adj. 成熟的
 - developed, mature, adult
n. 成年人
 - adult, major

Word: veranda
Front: veranda
[vəˈrændə] (13474/22965)
Vocabulary: veranda
(once / 977 pages)
n
If you're lazing around on a long, airy porch that runs along the outside of your house, you are on a veranda.
The word veranda likely derived from the Portuguese word varanda, meaning "long balcony or terrace." Extending along the outside of a building, this architectural structure has a roof and usually opens up to the outside. A veranda is a common feature on houses at a beach resort or in other warm climates. They provide shade but still allow you to sit outside and enjoying the scenery. You might have a party on you veranda in the summer.
WORD FAMILY
veranda: verandas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The view from the veranda is of a valley awash with yellow and green, punctuated by the meander of the Motatapu river.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
“I was happy to win, but guys waiting on the veranda said, ‘you jerk.
Golf Digest(Nov 16, 2016)
Giraffe, kudu, eland, impala, zebra, rhino and buffalo are all often to be seen from the cottages’ verandas.
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 阳台，走廊
分布：阳台(57%)，游廊(43%)
→来自印度语varanda,走廊，进一步来自西班牙语baranda,栏杆，词源同bar,杆，栏。
(US also verandah) [və'ræn.də] (porch)
noun countable
■a raised, covered, sometimes partly closed area, often made of wood, on the front or side of a building 游廊；阳台；露台
• Every evening we sat on the veranda watching the sun go down. 每天傍晚我们都坐在露台上看日落。
n. 走廊， [建] 游廊；阳台
 - hall, passage, corridor

Word: fathom
Front: fathom
[ˈfæðəm] (宝 13445/19252 -1)
Vocabulary: fathom
(once / 450 pages)
1nv 2v
To fathom something is to understand it thoroughly, and is usually used in the negative, as in "I can't fathom why he doesn't want to go along with us."
Fathom is from Middle English fadme, from Old English fæthm "outstretched arms." The Old English and modern English noun also refers to a unit of length used to measure the depth of water. To understand something thoroughly is "to get to the bottom of it."
WORD FAMILY
fathom: fathomable, fathomed, fathoming, fathoms+/fathomable: unfathomable /fathomed: unfathomed / unfathomable: unfathomably
USAGE EXAMPLES
They can’t fathom how anyone would vote for Mr. Trump.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Fathom Events brings the Doctor Who special “The Return of Doctor Mysterio,” featuring Peter Capaldi and Matt Lucas, to several theaters at 7 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It is rich in a way that’s hard to fathom, the melting streaks of fat cascading from the flesh onto your tongue.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 英寻
vt. 理解…的真意; 推测，领会; 测深
时态：fathomed, fathoming, fathoms
分布：彻底了解(51%)，测量深度(33%)，测深(16%)
→来自pet, 展开，伸展，词源同feather, compete. 用作长度单位法寻，约略等于成人双臂展开长度。引申词义探索，彻底了解。
【记】原指伸展的手臂，引申为伸展手臂后的长度＝英寻fat，home：由于太肥了，所以不好意思在外边量体重只好在home里彻底了解一下是几位数。
【反】measurable（adj 可测量的）－unfathomed（adj 无法测量的）
noun countable
■a unit for measuring the depth of water, equal to 1.8 metres or 6 feet 英寻（测量水深单位，合1.8米或6英尺）
['fæð.əm] verb transitive
■to discover the meaning of something 弄清；理解
• For years people have been trying to fathom (out) the mysteries of the whale's song. 多年来人们一直试图弄清鲸鱼歌声之谜。
■to understand someone or why someone acts as they do 了解；明白
• I can't fathom her at all. 我一点也搞不懂她。
vt. 看穿；彻底了解；测量…的深度
 - see through, look through

Word: personalize
Front: personalize
[ˈpɜ:sənəlaɪz] (13434/33883 -1)
Back: vt. 在（某物上）作物主标志（尤指表示物主的地址或姓名的首字母）; 使（某事物）针对个人、带有个人感情或个性化; 在（物品）上标出姓名（记号）; 使…拟人化
时态：personalized, personalizing, personalizes
分布：个人化(90%)，私人化(10%)
US ['pɝ:-] verb transitive
■If you personalize an object, you change it or add to it so that it is obvious that it belongs to or comes from you （对某物作变更或标上…）使成为个人专有，使具个人特色
• The computer allows you to personalize standard letters by adding a greeting to each one. 你可以使用电脑在标准信纸上添加问候语使其更加个人化。
• She had done little to personalize her room, except hang a few posters on the walls. 除了在墙上挂几张海报外，她没做甚么来使自己的房间更具特色。
■to make something suitable for the needs of a particular person 使…符合某人的特定需求，使个性化
• She hired a trainer to create a personalized exercise schedule to get her into shape. 她请了一名教练来为她量身订做一个塑身计划。
■If you personalize a subject, you make people feel more emotionally involved in it by giving examples about real people 使更真实可感，使更具体化
• By telling people about her accident, she personalizes the numbing figure of road accidents that happen every year. 透过对人们讲述自己的车祸经历，她让人们更真切地体会每年所发生交通意外的惊人数字。
disapproving
■If you personalize an argument or discussion, you start to criticize someone's bad qualities instead of discussing the facts. 使（观点或讨论）针对个人

Word: mantel
Front: mantel
['mæntl] (13454/34757)
Vocabulary: mantel
(once / 2234 pages)
n
A mantel is a shelf that sticks out just above a fireplace. People often put trophies and pictures on their mantel.
If your house has a fireplace, chances are you also have a mantel. A mantel is a handy place to display anything you like looking at or want to show off to visitors. Trophies and prizes are common things to find on a mantel, as are pictures of family and friends. If you want people to see something, put it on the mantel.
WORD FAMILY
mantel: mantels, overmantel+/overmantel: overmantels
USAGE EXAMPLES
He notes that this kind of conjuring is widespread among novelists, and cites examples including Charles Dickens, Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, and Hilary Mantel.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
They’ve mastered his signature dance move and hang pictures of him on their mantel between Grandpa and white Jesus. And why not?
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Many of the materials for the centerpieces and mantel decorations in the dining room and other rooms are recycled from previous years, Tomblin said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 壁炉架，壁炉台
分布：壁炉架(100%)
N-COUNT
壁炉架;壁炉台
A mantel is a mantelpiece.
例：On the mantel were photographs of a man and a woman.壁炉架上面是一对男女的一些照片。
n. 壁炉架
 - chimney piece

Word: chasm
Front: chasm
[ˈkæzəm] (六托雅宝 13437/14947 -1)
Vocabulary: chasm
(once / 1078 pages)
n
A chasm is a deep divide, either literal or figurative, such as a giant chasm in an ice cap or the growing chasm between two friends who haven't spoken in a long time.
The first syllable in chasm sounds like cat without the t sound: "CA-zum". It comes from the Greek word khasma, meaning "yawning hollow, gulf" and was originally used to describe a split in a land formation, such as a deep crack caused by an earthquake. The word still retains that sense, but today can also mean "a profound division between people or beliefs," such as a chasm between Republicans and Democrats.
WORD FAMILY
chasm: chasms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the chasm between the police and the community, gangs and gun violence flourish.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The valuations created a chasm between what venture capitalists bet a company would be worth and what IPO investors are willing to pay.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The Dakota Access pipeline illustrates another chasm between Obama and Trump.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 峡谷; 裂缝，断层; 裂口; （感情等的）分歧
分布：深坑(37%)，裂口(33%)，分歧(30%)
→来自gheu, 张开，词源同chaos, gas.
noun countable
■a very deep narrow opening in rock, ice or the ground （岩石、地面或冰面的）裂隙，深坑
• They leaned over the rails and peered down into the dizzying chasm below. 他们靠在栏杆上向下凝视令人晕眩的深渊。
■formal
■a very large difference between two opinions or groups of people （两种观点或两个团体之间的）深刻分歧，显著差别
• There is still a vast economic chasm between developed and developing countries. 发达国家和发展中国家之间仍然存在着巨大的经济差距。
n. 峡谷；裂口；分歧；深坑
 - canyon, pit, variance

Word: spatula
Front: spatula
[ˈspætʃələ] (宝 13422/33783)
Vocabulary: spatula
(once / 23130 pages)
n
Don’t even think about making pancakes if you don’t have a spatula. What else would you flip them with?
There are two main types of spatulas, both of which are kitchen utensils. One has a wide, flat surface attached to the end of a handle and is ideal for picking up, flipping, or serving hot foods like pancakes and hamburgers. The other has a more flexible end, usually made of rubber or plastic, and is used for mixing batter or spreading icing. Painters also use a type of spatula to mix or spread paint.
WORD FAMILY
spatula: spatulas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pour the cooled caramel over the shortbread, using a spatula to push it to the edges of the dish for an even layer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As she worked, she treated the material as if it were radioactive, twisting the spatula around with her fingers to avoid contamination.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Use a large, flexible spatula to gently fold all the ingredients together.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. （搅拌或涂敷用的）铲，漆工抹刀; <医>压舌板
分布：铲(58%)，抹刀(36%)，压舌片(6%)
→来自拉丁 spatula,锅铲，小铲，小词形式于 spatha,宽刀，阔剑，宽的长条状工具或武器，-ula, 小词后缀，词源同 spade,铲子。引申诸相关词义。
【记】spat作为词根是平的意思，不是小口角，ula－抹刀
noun countable
■a cooking utensil with a wide flat blade which is not sharp, used especially for lifting food out of pans （炊具中的）刮刀，锅铲； 抹刀
UK (US tongue depressor)
■a small piece of wood used by a doctor to hold someone's tongue down in order to examine their mouth or throat （医用）压舌板
n. （调和、涂抹用）抹刀，小铲； [医] 压舌板
 - spudder

Word: purify
Front: purify
[ˈpjʊərɪfaɪ] (研四六托宝 13440/11900 -1)
Vocabulary: purify
(once / 576 pages)
v
To purify something is to remove dirt, chemicals, or anything else that it's contaminated with. You might decide to purify your tap water if it tastes like chlorine.
While scientists purify various chemicals during experiments, the substance that people most often purify is water. Water needs to be treated before it's safe to drink, and cities purify the water they send out to people's houses. You can also use the verb purify in a figurative way, to mean "make ritually or religiously clean or pure." This is the word's earliest meaning, from the Latin root purificare, "to make pure."
WORD FAMILY
purify: purification, purified, purifier, purifies, purifying+/ purification: purifications/purified: unpurified/purifier: purifiers/purifying: purifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mendoza brought in an Apache crown dancer to purify the gym, and kept talking with that teenager.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His young son is purified, dipped naked in the river.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Blood is then extracted from the animal, and the antibodies are purified and formulated for injecting into bite victims.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使纯净，净化; 精炼; 使（语言）纯正; 给…赎罪，使纯洁
时态：purified, purifying, purifies
分布：涤罪(100%)
→来自pure,纯的，-fy,使。
使清洁;使纯正(pur+ify化→纯洁化)][Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
v.使纯净,提纯The impure mixture with impurity is purified.含杂质的不纯混合物被提纯.
【记】pur源于pure纯化
【反】contaminate（v 污染）
US ['pjʊr-] verb transitive
NOT MIXED 净化
■to remove bad substances from something to make it pure 使纯净，净化
• Plants help to purify the air. 植物有助于净化空气。
• One of the functions of the kidneys is to purify the blood. 肾脏的功能之一是净化血液。
• water-purifying tablets 净水药片
UK ['pjʊə.rɪ.faɪ] US ['pjʊr-] verb transitive
MORALLY GOOD 道德高尚
■to remove immoral thoughts or acts from something 净化自己的思想或行为
• One of the main teachings of Buddhism is that you should try to purify your mind. 佛教的主要教义之一是人应该努力净化自己的思想。
vt. 净化；使纯净
 - cleanse, decontaminate
vi. 净化；变纯净
 - fine purification, purge

Word: archbishop
Front: archbishop
[ˌɑ:tʃˈbɪʃəp] (11823/4037)
Back: n. 大主教; 主教长
分布：大主教(95%)，总教主(5%)
→前缀arch-, 始，主要。bishop, 主教，来自拉丁词episcopus.
US [ˌɑ:rtʃ-] UK ['-ˌ--] noun countable
■a bishop of the highest rank who is in charge of churches and other bishops in a particular large area 大主教
• The Archbishop of Canterbury holds the highest position in the Church of England. 英国国教中，坎特伯里大主教地位最高。
n. 大主教；总教主
 - primate, metropolitan

Word: full-size
Front: full-size
[ˈfulˈsaiz] (-1)
Back: adj. 原尺寸的; 正常尺寸的
n. 全尺寸，全尺度
分布：原物大小的(34%)，54×75英寸大小的(33%)，正常尺寸的(33%)
ADJ
与原物一样大小的
A full-size or full-sized model or picture is the same size as the thing or person that it represents.
例：I made a full-size cardboard model.我做了一个与原物一样大小的纸板模型。
adj. 全尺寸的；动物完全长大的；全身的；与原物一样大小的
 - systemic, life-sized

Word: mouth
Front: mouth
[maʊθ] (中高托 1060/1011 -K4)
Vocabulary: mouth
(once / 47 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4vn
There are many meanings of mouth, but they all relate to the hole from which you eat, speak, and breathe.
Like the mouth below your nose, other mouths are openings or have something to do with speaking. The opening at the top of a jar or bottle is its mouth. The place where a river meets the ocean is the mouth of the river. It’s called mouthing off when you give someone lip or sass. You can mouth the words to a song without singing them. A mouth (or mouthpiece) is someone who speaks for other people, like a lawyer.
WORD FAMILY
mouth: mouthed, mouthful, mouthing, mouthless, mouthlike, mouths+/ mouthful: mouthfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
He developed a fungal infection in his mouth — a fallout of an immune system compromised by chemotherapy and radiation treatment.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“It kind of left a bad taste in our mouth after the Big Ten championship game,” Edwards said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“I saw mouths moving, but I heard no voices,” he later said.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 口; 出入口; 传闻
vt. 装腔作势地说; 喃喃地说，心不在焉地说，言不由衷地说
vi. 装腔作势说话
时态：mouthed, mouthing, mouths
分布：嘴(55%)，口(40%)，开口(2%)，河口(2%)，装腔作势地说(1%)
→来自古英语muth,嘴，开口，门，洞，来自Proto-Germanic*munthaz,来自ment,嘴，颌， 词源同mandible,masticate.鼻音n 脱落，比较dental,tooth.
n.口,嘴The young youths lounged in the south mouth of the cave for one month.无经验的青年们在南洞口闲荡了一个月.
noun]maʊɵ/
BODY PART 身体一部分
 ESSENTIAL countable
■the opening in the face of a person or animal, consisting of the lips and the space between them, or the space behind containing the teeth and the tongue 嘴，口；口腔
• Open your mouth wide and say "Ah". 张大嘴，说“啊”。
• You shouldn't put so much food in your mouth at once. 你不该一次把这么多食物塞入口中。
noun]maʊɵ/
OPENING 孔洞
countable usually singular
■the opening of a narrow container, the opening of a hole or cave, or the place where a river flows into the sea （容器的）口；洞口；（江河的）入海口
• Quebec is at the mouth of the St Lawrence River. 魁北克市位于圣劳伦斯河口。
noun]maʊɵ/
be all mouth (UK also be all mouth and no trousers) informal
■to talk a lot about doing something but never do it 只说不做
• He says he's going to complain to the manager, but I reckon he's all mouth. 他说他要向经理鸣不平，但我认为他不过是说说而已。
noun]maʊɵ/
be down in the mouth informal
■to be sad 神色沮丧，垂头丧气
noun]maʊɵ/
keep your mouth shut informal
■to not talk about something 保持缄默，守口如瓶
• I don't know whether to tell him what I know or keep my mouth shut. 我不知道应该告诉他我所知道的，还是保持缄默。
noun]maʊɵ/
make sb's mouth water
■If the smell or sight of food makes your mouth water, it makes you want to eat it 使（某人）馋得直流口水，使（某人）垂涎欲滴
• The smell of that bacon cooking is making my mouth water. 煮熏肉的香味令我垂涎欲滴。
noun]maʊɵ/
mouth to feed
■someone, especially a new-born baby, who you must provide food for 需要养活的人（尤指新生儿）
• They've got three kids and the husband's just lost his job - the last thing they need is another mouth to feed. 他们有三个孩子，丈夫又刚失业——绝不想再多养个孩子了。
noun]maʊɵ/
Out of the mouths of babes and sucklings. literary saying
■said when a child says something that surprises you because it shows an adult's understanding 出自天真的稚子之口；童言有道
verb transitive /maʊD/
■to form words with the lips without making any sound 对口型假唱，一声不响地动唇说话
• It looks to me as if the singers are only mouthing the words. 在我看来，这些歌手好像只是在对口型假唱。
• [+ speech] "Can we go?" mouthed Mary. “我们可以走了吗？”玛丽用口型默示道。
• I don't want to stand here listening to you mouthing (= saying in a way that is not sincere) excuses. 我不想站在这里听你信口胡说找借口。
⇒ See also badmouth
verb transitive /maʊD/
  Phrasal Verbs  mouth off (about sth) informal disapproving
■to express your opinions too loudly and publicly （在公开场合毫无顾忌地）发表意见，谈论
• I had to listen to Michael mouthing off about the government all through lunch. 吃午餐的整个过程中我不得不听着麦克对政府大发议论。
verb transitive /maʊD/
  Phrasal Verbs  mouth off (to/at sb) informal disapproving
■to speak in a rude or offensive way to someone （跟某人）回嘴，顶嘴
• She's a typical teenager, coming home late at night and mouthing off to her parents. 她是个典型的青少年，深夜才回家，又和父母顶嘴。
n. [解剖] 口，嘴；河口
 - jaws, ostium
vt. 做作地说，装腔作势地说；喃喃地说出
 - grumble

Word: pretext
Front: pretext
[ˈpri:tekst] (研六雅宝 13441/13929 -1)
Vocabulary: pretext
(once / 690 pages)
n
Pretext is a false reason given for doing something. If you catch your mother going through your drawers, and she says she was just tidying up, cleaning was her pretext for snooping.
Sometimes a government will try to take away its citizens' rights under the pretext of national security. Though pretext sounds like text that comes before other text, the text you see in it is actually more closely related to the word textile, meaning fabric. Its Latin root meant pretty much "to pull the wool over someone's eyes."
WORD FAMILY
pretext: pretexts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pretext was to bomb the Islamic State; it was a ruse.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Israel says the Palestinians are using the issue of settlements as a pretext to avoid direct talks.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Observers say the president’s initiative was the pretext for a series of pro-Catholic organisations – sponsored by big-money backers – to mobilise.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 借口，托辞; 假象，掩饰
vt. 借口，假托
分布：借口(97%)，以…为借口(3%)
→pre-,在前，早于，预先，-text,编织，词源同text,texture.比喻用法，即先编好的。
借口,托词(pre预先+text→预先编好的→借口)[text=weave,表示"编织"]
n.借口,托词From the context of the text, I find the next pretext for selling the textile.我从课文的前后关系中找到卖纺织品的下一个借口.
【记】pre前，text（n 课文）－提前想好的文章－借口
noun countable
■a pretended reason for doing something that is used to hide the real reason 借口，托词
• The border dispute was used as a pretext for military intervention. 边界纠纷被用作军事入侵的借口。
• I called her on the pretext of needing more information. 我借口需要更多的资讯而打了电话给她。
• He came round to see her on some flimsy (= obviously false) pretext. 他找了个明显站不住脚的借口来看她。
n. 借口；托辞
 - excuse, blind

Word: preposterous
Front: preposterous
[prɪˈpɒstərəs] (宝 13458/18597 -1)
Vocabulary: preposterous
(once / 1236 pages)
adj
To a vegetarian, the idea of eating a 52-ounce T-bone steak would seem preposterous — absolutely absurd.
When the word preposterous was first used, it meant reversing the normal order of things — putting what was last first, and vice versa. Imagine putting on your underwear over your pants and you'll see that there's a kind of absurdity in something that's backwards, which is why preposterous came to mean "ridiculous." The word is often used as part of an exclamation: a chef who is asked to cook with nothing but jelly beans might exclaim, "That's preposterous!"
WORD FAMILY
preposterous: preposterously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The standard is preposterous and is likely to get even better in the semis and final.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“The very notion of cancellation of such convenience in transactions is preposterous and unequivocally denied,” the Finance Ministry said in a statement.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Not so long ago, the notion of UW’s line being able to do that was, well, it was a yard shy of preposterous.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 反常的; 荒谬可笑的; 不合理的; 悠谬
分布：荒谬的(79%)，可笑的(21%)
→来自拉丁语praeposterus,矛盾的，前后颠倒的，来自prae,在前，post,在后。引申词义荒唐的，荒谬的。
荒谬的,不合理的(pre前面+poster+ous→前面后导致→荒谬的)[post,poster=behind,表示"后面"]
【记】pre前，poster（n 海报；招贴），ous：玩牌时在脸上贴着纸条－可笑的
【反】commonsensical（adj 明白事理的，有基本常识的）
US [-'pɑ:.stɚ-] formal
adjective
■very silly or stupid 荒谬的，愚蠢的
• The very idea is preposterous! 这个想法很荒谬！
• a preposterous suggestion 愚蠢的建议
adj. 荒谬的；可笑的
 - ridiculous, absurd

Word: kerosene
Front: kerosene
[ˈkerəsi:n] (托 13503/24066 -1)
Back: n. 煤油，火油; 灯油; 洋油
分布：煤油(100%)
→由19世纪加拿大地质学家Abraham Gesner根据希腊语创造出来的一个词，来自希腊语keros,蜡，蜂蜡，词源同cere,ceraceous,cerumen.-ene,化学名词后缀。
['ker.ə.si:n/ (Australian informal kero)
noun uncountable mainly US for paraffin , especially when used as fuel for heaters and oil lamps （尤指用于加热器或油灯的）煤油，火油

Word: lowered
Front: lowered
[ˈləʊəd] (13453/18771)
Back: v. （使）降低， （使）跌落（ lower的过去式和过去分词 ）; 削弱; 削减; 减少
分布：降低的(75%)，动词lower的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
ADJ-COMPAR
（成对物中）下方的，下面的
You can use lower to refer to the bottom one of a pair of things.
例：She bit her lower lip.她咬了咬下唇。
例：...the lower deck of the bus...公共汽车的下层
ADJ-COMPAR
底端的；底部的
You can use lower to refer to the bottom part of something.
例：Use a small cushion to help give support to the lower back.用一个小靠垫帮助支撑腰部。
例：...fires which started in the lower part of a tower block.从塔楼底部开始烧起的大火
ADJ-COMPAR
较低级的；低等的
You can use lower to refer to people or things that are less important than similar people or things.
例：Already the awards are causing resentment in the lower ranks of council officers...奖项已使政务委员会的低层官员们愤愤不平。
例：The nation's highest court reversed the lower court's decision...该国最高法院已推翻了下级法院的判决。
VERB
（缓慢地）降下，放下
If you lower something, you move it slowly downwards.
例：Two reporters had to help lower the coffin into the grave...两名记者不得不帮忙把灵柩慢慢地放进墓穴中。
例：Sokolowski lowered himself into the black leather chair...索科洛夫斯基缓缓地坐到黑色皮椅上。
VERB
降低；减少；减弱
If you lower something, you make it less in amount, degree, value, or quality.
例：The Central Bank has lowered interest rates by 2 percent...中央银行已将利率调低了两个百分点。
例：This drug lowers cholesterol levels by binding fats in the intestine.这种药通过黏合肠内的脂肪降低胆固醇水平。
VERB
垂下，低下（头或眼睛）
If someone lowers their head or eyes, they look downwards, for example because they are sad or embarrassed.
例：She lowered her head and brushed past photographers as she went back inside...她再次回到里面时低着头，与摄影师擦身而过。
例：She lowered her gaze to the hands in her lap.她低头盯着放在大腿上的双手。
VERB
降低，贬低（身份）
If you say that you would not lower yourself by doing something, you mean that you would not behave in a way that would make you or other people respect you less.
例：Don't lower yourself, don't be the way they are...不要自贬身份,不要学他们那样。
例：I've got no qualms about lowering myself to Lemmer's level to get what I want.为得到我想要的东西，我一点都不忌讳把自己降格到跟莱麦尔一样。
V-ERG
压低，放低（声音）
If you lower your voice or if your voice lowers, you speak more quietly.
例：The man moved closer, lowering his voice...那个男子靠上前去，压低了声音。
例：His voice lowers confidentially.他神秘地压低了嗓音。
v. 降低；削弱（lower的过去分词）
 - dented

Word: organizing
Front: organizing
['ɔ:ɡənaɪzɪŋ] (13509/24908)
Back: v. 组织( organize的现在分词 ); 成立; 安排; 规划
分布：组织(98%)，使有机化(1%)，编制(1%)
VERB
组织；安排；筹备
If you organize an event or activity, you make sure that the necessary arrangements are made.
例：In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.最终，我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
例：...a two-day meeting organised by the United Nations...由联合国组织的为期两天的会议
VERB
提供，准备（想要或所需之物）
If you organize something that someone wants or needs, you make sure that it is provided.
例：I will organize transport...我来安排交通。
例：He rang his wife and asked her to organize coffee and sandwiches.他给妻子打电话，叫她准备好咖啡和三明治。
VERB
整理；使有条理；使具结构
If you organize a set of things, you arrange them in an ordered way or give them a structure.
例：He began to organize his materials...他开始整理材料。
例：She took a hasty cup of coffee and tried to organize her scattered thoughts.她匆匆喝了杯咖啡，试图整理一下纷乱的思绪。
VERB
规划（自己）；使有序高效
If you organize yourself, you plan your work and activities in an ordered, efficient way.
例：...changing the way you organize yourself...改变自我规划的方式
例：Go right ahead, I'm sure you don't need me to organize you...只管干吧，我相信你用不着我来为你安排。
V-ERG
（使）组织起来
If someone organizes workers or if workers organize, they form a group or society such as a trade union in order to have more power.
例：...helping to organize women working abroad...帮助组织在国外工作的妇女
例：It's the first time farmers have decided to organize.这是农场主首次决定组织起来。
v. 组织（organize的ing形式）；使有机化
 - structuring
n. 组织
 - fabric, tissu

Word: discursive
Front: discursive
[dɪsˈkɜ:sɪv] (宝 13512/13149)
Vocabulary: discursive
(once / 7875 pages)
adj
If people accuse you of rambling from topic to topic in your speech or writing, they may say you have a discursive style — with changes in subject that are hard to follow. But it's okay because unicorns are shiny.
The adjective discursive is often used to describe speech or writing that tends to stray from the main point, but the word can also have almost the opposite meaning. Discursive can also be used to describe an argument based on reason instead of intuition: "Her discursive dissertation on Colonial American women was well-argued and well-reasoned. Her professors were most impressed with her work."
WORD FAMILY
discursive: discursively, discursiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Proudly discursive, the movie does not hesitate to devote long stretches of screen time to a trust-building class or to an author’s reading.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In this subtly discursive study, historian of science Juan Pimentel looks at two animals that profoundly marked science, yet were “imagined without being seen”.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
But this is still a delightfully discursive volume for the armchair reader.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 东拉西扯的，离题的
分布：散漫的(71%)，不得要领的(29%)
→dis-, 分开，散开。-curs, 跑，词源同course, current. 即往不同方向跑的，离题的。
【记】dis离开，curs跑－离开主题到处乱跑－散漫的
【参】discourse（n 长而正式的演讲）
【反】keen on title（集中在主题上的）；succinct（adj 简洁的）；concentrate（v 集中；浓缩）
US [-skɝ:-] adjective
■involving discussion 涉及讨论的
• a discursive essay 东拉西扯的文章
■formal mainly disapproving
■talking about or dealing with subjects which are only slightly connected with the main subject for longer than necessary 东拉西扯的，不着边际的
• a discursive writer/speech 东拉西扯的作家／文章／演讲
adj. 散漫的；离题的；东拉西扯的；无层次的
 - loose, excursive

Word: ultra
Front: ultra
[ˈʌltrə] (13490/15582)
Vocabulary: ultra
(once / 4479 pages)
adj
Use the adjective ultra to describe something extreme, like your ultra strict parents or your own ultra radical political views.
If your sister is ultra uptight and your English teacher's syllabus is ultra traditional, it means that both of them hold unusual opinions, far outside of the normal range. Neither would be a good fit for your own ultra relaxed philosophy of life. Ultra means "beyond" in Latin, and its meaning of "outside the norm" comes from the French word ultra-royaliste, or "extreme royalist." Eventually, it was shortened to just ultra, to describe any extreme opinion.
WORD FAMILY
ultra
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Scotches explained that the strategy needed to complete - or even survive - a winter ultra is vastly different from that of a typical ultramarathon.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The Scotches are also race directors for a similar race, the 80- or 160-mile Tuscobia Winter Ultra through northern Wisconsin held in early January.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
With three others, they founded a guerrilla offshoot of Gulf Labor, which they named GULF, short for Global Ultra Luxury Faction.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 过激的，极端的
n. 过激论者，急进论者
分布：超(96%)，极端的(1%)，急进论者(1%)，过激论者(1%)，过激的(1%)
→来自al, 其它，那边，词源同alias, else, -tra, 比较级后缀，词源同entry, alternate, interior.
PREFIX
（置于形容词之前构成形容词，用以强调）表示“超…的”，“极其…的”
Ultra- is added to adjectives to form other adjectives that emphasize that something or someone has a quality to an extreme degree.
例：...a wide range of ultra-modern equipment.一大批超现代设备
例：...an ultra-ambitious executive.雄心勃勃的主管
adj. 极端的；过分的
 - extreme, excessive, tall
n. 极端主义者；过激论者；急进论者
 - extremist

Word: communicator
Front: communicator
[kəˈmju:nɪkeɪtə(r)] (13468/13026)
Back: n. 交流者，发报机，列车内通报器
分布：传播者(85%)，传播工作者(15%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who is able to tell people about their ideas and emotions in a way that other people understand 交际者，交流者，沟通者
• Obviously teachers have to be good communicators. 显然，老师必须善于沟通。
n. 传播者；发报机；通信员
 - conveyor, disseminator

Word: run-down
Front: run-down
[rʌn daʊn] None
Vocabulary: run-down
(once / 24171 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective run-down to describe something that's so old it's falling apart, like a beat up old car or a worn out mattress with springs sticking out of it.
A dingy neighborhood that's seen better days can be called run-down, and so can your decrepit apartment building, with its broken elevator, creaky stairs, and windows that don't close all the way. A person can also be run-down, if he is bent and elderly, or just exhausted from traveling for days or working too many late nights. You can also spell it rundown, although the hyphenated run-down is more common.
WORD FAMILY
run-down
USAGE EXAMPLES
A year ago, a project to regenerate four run-down Liverpool streets won the Turner Prize - normally the preserve of the art elite.
BBC(Dec 05, 2016)
It's run-down inside with old possessions lying around.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
They had been looking at two apartment buildings among a cluster of run-down structures near 24th and Howard streets.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 破旧的; （电池）耗尽的; 精疲力竭的; 衰弱的
n. 裁员; 刺杀出局; 纲要，总结
分布：破旧的(50%)，精疲力尽的(25%)，耗尽的(25%)
noun only singular (also rundown) [ˈrʌn.daʊn/
REPORT 报告
■a detailed report 详细报告
• Here's a run-down on/of the activities of our ten biggest competitors. 这里有一份有关我们的十家最大竞争对手经营活动的详细报告。
noun only singular (also rundown) [ˈrʌn.daʊn/
REDUCTION 减少
■a reduction in the size or quality of something 缩减，品质下降
• the general run-down of the army 军队的一般性减员
adjective]ˌrʌnˈdaʊn/
■describes buildings or areas that are in very bad condition （建筑物或地区）破败的，破旧的，失修的
• a run-down building/cemetery 破旧的楼房／破败的公墓
[after verb]
■tired and not healthy, especially because of working too much （尤指因为工作过度）精疲力竭的，疲惫不堪的，衰弱的
• My doctor said I was looking run-down and ought to take some time to rest. 我的医生说我看上去非常疲惫，应该休息一段时间。
adj. 破败的；衰弱的
 - marasmic, infirm
n. 刺杀出局；总结
 - summa, sum-up

Word: exile
Front: exile
[ˈeksaɪl] (研六托雅 5273/5086 -3)
Vocabulary: exile
(once / 263 pages)
nv
If you are exiled from a place, you must leave and not return. Such punishment is called exile. For example, after he was removed from power, Napoleon lived in exile on the island of Elba.
The verb exile comes from the Old French word essillier, meaning “banish,” “expel,” or “drive off.” However, some people who live in exile do so happily — and voluntarily — like American citizens in exile in Paris. Don't confuse being exiled with being banned: exile is for countries. If you cause trouble at a restaurant, you might be banned from returning, not exiled.
WORD FAMILY
exile: exiled, exiles, exilic, exiling+/exilic: postexilic
USAGE EXAMPLES
By 1916 Sun was back in exile again, in Japan.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
We sent them to Exiles Bar on U Street to see if they’d get right to the point.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
How Britain became a refuge for exiled leaders during World War II.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 放逐，流放; 使背井离乡
n. 流放，放逐，流亡; 长期离家[出国]; 被流放者，背井离乡者
时态：exiled, exiling, exiles
分布：流放(61%)，放逐(38%)，被放逐者(1%)
→ex-, 向外。-sil, 拿，带，召集，词源同consul, counsel.引申义扔出去的，流亡。
n.流放;被流放者vt.流放,放逐,把...充军He spent many years in exile.他曾经流亡多年.
noun
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the condition of someone being sent or kept away from their own country, village, etc., especially for political reasons （尤指出于政治原因的）流放，放逐，流亡
• The king went into exile because of the political situation in his country. 迫于国内的政治局势，国王流亡国外。
• The deposed leaders are currently in exile in the neighbouring country. 遭到罢免的那些领导人现在流亡邻国。
 ADVANCED countable
■a person who is sent or kept away from their own country, etc. 被流放者；流亡者
⇒ See also tax exile
['ek.saɪl] ['eg.zaɪl] verb transitive
■to send someone away from their own country, village, etc., especially for political reasons （尤指出于政治原因的）流放，放逐，流亡
• The monarch was exiled because of the coup. 由于发生了政变，国王被迫流亡。
expel, exile
这组词都有“驱逐出境，放逐”的意思，其区别是：
expel: 含义广，可指驱逐出境或取消某一资格，含耻辱意味。
exile: 指政府强迫某一公民离开祖国或流放到某地，但不一定含耻辱意味。
n. 流放，充军；放逐，被放逐者；流犯
 - transportation, banishment
vt. 放逐，流放；使背井离乡
 - transport, banish

Word: intestinal
Front: intestinal
[ˌɪntes'taɪnl] (13499/6822)
Back: adj. 肠的; 肠壁; 肠道细菌
分布：肠的(100%)
ADJ
肠的
Intestinal means relating to the intestines.
adj. 肠的
 - enteral

Word: endeavor
Front: endeavor
[ɪn'devə] (研六托 5892/-)
Vocabulary: endeavor
(once / 232 pages)
vn
When you endeavor to do something, you try hard to make it happen. A determined student might endeavor to get straight As on her report card.
"The ordinary objects of human endeavor — property, outward success, luxury — have always seemed to me contemptible," wrote Albert Einstein. Presumably, NASA had loftier objects in mind when they named one of their space shuttles Endeavour, using the British spelling. The word comes from the Old French phrase mettre en deveir, or "put in duty." As a verb, it's a more impressive word than try and suggests you're doing your darnedest to make something happen.
WORD FAMILY
endeavor: endeavored, endeavoring, endeavors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trivial pursuits don’t follow serious endeavors, they precede them and, crucially, inspire them, even if unintentionally.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Tony Haymaker, owner of Precision Cleaning, said his partnership with the ministry is “probably one of the hardest things I’ve ever endeavored to do.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But these photographs suggest there were moments worth remembering, attesting perhaps to the abiding optimism that resides in artistic endeavor.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 尝试，试图; 尽力，竭力
n. 努力，尽力
时态：endeavored, endeavoring, endeavors
分布：努力(86%)，尽力(12%)，力图(2%)
v./n.(endeavour)努力,尽力,力图We make every endeavor to satisfy the customers.我们尽全力使顾客满意.
n. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）
 - effort, pain, struggle, trial, try
vi. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）
 - apply oneself, struggle, labor, strain, try one's best
vt. 努力；尽力（等于endeavour）
 - apply oneself, try one's best

Word: visceral
Front: visceral
[ˈvɪsərəl] (宝 13473/24525)
Vocabulary: visceral
(once / 8301 pages)
1adj 2adj
When something's visceral, you feel it in your guts. A visceral feeling is intuitive — there might not be a rational explanation, but you feel that you know what's best, like your visceral reaction against egg salad.
Your hatred of mice may not be rational, but it is visceral, and every time you see one, you feel like you're going to faint. And when you had to decide whether you were going to stay in Florida or move to Texas, even though you had a good job in Orlando you had a visceral feeling that Texas would be the right choice . . . and it turned out you were meant to be a rancher! Visceral can also mean “relating to the viscera,” with viscera being your organs.
WORD FAMILY
visceral: viscerally
USAGE EXAMPLES
That would lead to further manipulation of the deeply visceral fear of newcomers to the U.S. that was exposed during the election campaigns, McKenzie said.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Mali is a Welsh name, a tribute to my husband’s visceral Welshness.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Her work calls for a new term uniting the visual and visceral.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 内脏的，影响内脏的; 出自内心的
分布：内脏的(75%)，发自肺腑的(25%)
→来自viscera,脏腑，引申词义发自内心的。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
EMOTIONAL 感情上的 literary
■based on deep feeling and emotional reactions rather than on reason or thought 发自内心的；发自肺腑的
• visceral hatred/excitement 刻骨铭心的仇恨／发自内心的兴奋
• His approach to acting is visceral rather than intellectual. 他的表演重真情实感，而不是只讲技巧。
UK ['vɪs.ər.əl] US [-ɚ-] adjective
BODY PARTS 身体部份 specialized
■relating to the large organs inside the body, including the heart, stomach, lungs and intestines 内脏；脏腑
adj. [解剖] 内脏的；出于本能的；发自肺腑的；粗俗的
 - low, coarse

Word: feign
Front: feign
[feɪn] (托宝 13497/15443 -1)
Vocabulary: feign
(once / 739 pages)
v
For a more formal way to say pretend to or imitate, choose the verb feign. You might feign indifference when you hear about some gossip, but you're probably dying to know.
Feign comes from the Latin fingere "to devise, fabricate." The word fiction comes from the same source, so if you feign something such as sleep, you give off the fiction that you are sleeping. This can done to be polite but also to deceive such as when you feign an injury or the flu so you can stay home from school or work. You can also feign an accent, though some are better at this than others.
WORD FAMILY
feign: feigned, feigning, feigns+/ feigned: feignedly, unfeigned /feigning: feignings/ unfeigned: unfeignedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lyster feigns ignorance of other cultural reference points, too, varying the reference point to generate maximum confusion in her target.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
I feigned a headache and am now “working from home.”
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
I weighed the option of just feigning ignorance, but being detained, or worse, jailed in Congo, is a horrible prospect.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 假装，伪装; 捏造（借口、理由等）; 装作; 创造或虚构
vi. 假装; 装作; 作假; 佯作
时态：feigned, feigning, feigns
分布：假装(62%)，装作(25%)，捏造(13%)
→来自dheigh, 揉捏，建造，词源同dough, fiction. 引申词义虚假，假装。
verb transitive
■to pretend to feel something, usually an emotion 假装（某种感情），装作
• You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are. 你知道当你告诉别人你的年龄时，他们如何故作惊讶。
• She responded to his remarks with feigned amusement. 她假装对他的话感兴趣。
simulate, feign, pretend
这组词都有“假装”的意思，其区别是：
simulate: 主要指模仿他人或他物的样子，假装具有他人或他物的特点。
feign: 常和pretend换用，一般指言行上的“装做，假装”如装无知、悲哀；装死、疯或装做睡眠等。
pretend: 指公开表示的与心里想的与客观实际不符合，含公开承认其虚假的意味。
vt. 假装；装作；捏造；想象
 - act, simulate, come, vision, image
vi. 假装；装作；作假；佯作
 - seem, act

Word: drop-off
Front: drop-off
[ˈdrɔpɔf] (雅)
Back: n. 急下降，直下降

Word: Romanian
Front: Romanian
[ru:'meiniən; rəu-] (13486/8254)
Back: n. 罗马尼亚人；罗马尼亚语
adj. 罗马尼亚的
分布：罗马尼亚人(38%)，罗马尼亚的(36%)，罗马尼亚语(26%)
US [roʊ-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Romania 罗马尼亚的
UK [rʊ'meɪ.ni.ən] US [roʊ-] noun uncountable
■the language of Romania 罗马尼亚语

Word: dreaded
Front: dreaded
[ˈdredɪd] (13467/13877 -1)
Back: adj. 令人畏惧的; 害怕的
v. 害怕，恐惧，担心( dread的过去式和过去分词)
分布：令人畏惧的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
可怕的;令人畏惧的
Dreaded means terrible and greatly feared.
例：No one knew how to treat this dreaded disease.没人知道如何治疗这种可怕的疾病。
ADJ
令人恼火的;不方便的;不想要的
You can use the dreaded to describe something that you, or a particular group of people, find annoying, inconvenient, or undesirable.
例：She's a victim of the dreaded hay fever...她患上了花粉热这种讨厌的病症。
例：Team orders on the final day were to avoid the dreaded blank at all costs.最后一天，队里的指示就是不惜一切代价实现零的突破。
adj. 令人畏惧的，可怕的
 - terrible, horrible

Word: decentralized
Front: decentralized
[ˌdi:'sentrəlaɪzd] (13489/25335)
Back: v. 权力下放，将（权力等）自中央政府转到地方政府( decentralize的过去式和过去分词 ); 将（工业、工人等）自集中点分散到较大的区域内
分布：分散的(95%)，动词decentralize的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
VERB
使（政府或大型机构）权力分散;下放…的权力
To decentralize government or a large organization means to move some departments away from the main administrative area, or to give more power to local departments.
例：They have decentralised the company and made it less bureaucratic.他们已经分解了该公司的权力，以抑制其官僚作风。
例：...the need to decentralize and devolve power to regional governments...将权力下放并移交给地方政府的需要
adj. 分散的；分散化，分散式；分散管理的；去中心化
 - scattered, dispersive

Word: clipboard
Front: clipboard
[ˈklɪpbɔ:d] (13475/20658)
Back: n. 有纸夹的笔记板，剪贴板
分布：剪贴板(97%)，付有纸夹的笔记板(3%)
US [-bɔ:rd] noun
WRITING SURFACE 书写板
countable
■a board with a clip at the top which holds sheets of paper in position, and which provides a surface for writing on 写字夹板；带夹写字板
• A woman with a clipboard stopped us in the street to ask us some questions. 有一个手拿写字夹板的女人在街上拦住我们问了一些问题。
UK ['klɪp.bɔ:d] US [-bɔ:rd] noun
COMPUTING 电脑
countable usually singular
■an area for storing information temporarily in a computer when you are moving it from one position or document to another （电脑上的）剪贴板
• You draw the shape somewhere on your worksheet, click on it and copy it to the clipboard. 在工作表上画出图形，点击选中然后将其复制到剪贴板上。

Word: carrying
Front: carrying
['kærɪɪŋ] (13464/11229)
Back: adj. 运送的，运输的
v. 支撑( carry的现在分词 ); 携带; 输送; 运载
分布：运送(41%)，运送的(20%)，运输的(17%)，运输(17%)，动词carry的现在分词.(5%)
VERB
拿;提;拎;搬;扛
If you carry something, you take it with you, holding it so that it does not touch the ground.
例：He was carrying a briefcase...他提着公文包。
例：He carried the plate through to the dining room...他端着盘子来到餐厅。
VERB
携带;随身带
If you carry something, you have it with you wherever you go.
例：You have to carry a bleeper so that they can call you in at any time.你要随身带着寻呼机,以便他们随时呼你。
VERB
运送;运载
If something carries a person or thing somewhere, it takes them there.
例：Flowers are designed to attract insects which then carry the pollen from plant to plant...花的作用在于吸引昆虫，然后昆虫再将花粉传到其他植株上。
例：The delegation was carrying a message of thanks to President Mubarak...代表团向穆巴拉克总统转达了谢意。
VERB
携带(疾病、病菌)
If a person or animal is carrying a disease, they are infected with it and can pass it on to other people or animals.
例：The official number of people carrying the AIDS virus is low...艾滋病病毒携带者的官方数字并不高。
例：Frogs eat pests which destroy crops and carry diseases.青蛙吃破坏庄稼、传播疾病的害虫。
VERB
具有,带有(特点、后果等)
If an action or situation has a particular quality or consequence, you can say that it carries it.
例：Check that any medication you're taking carries no risk for your developing baby...仔细检查,确保你所服用的任何药物不会对胎儿造成危险。
例：Individualism, and the breakdown of social harmony, had a constructive purpose. But they also carried a price.个人主义以及社会和谐的崩溃具有一定的建设意义,然而这也是有代价的。
VERB
使达到(目标);帮助…渡过(难关)
If a quality or advantage carries someone into a particular position or through a difficult situation, it helps them to achieve that position or deal with that situation.
例：He had the ruthless streak necessary to carry him into the Cabinet...他具有进入内阁所必需的冷酷性格。
例：The warmth and strength of their relationship carried them through difficult times.他们互相关心,关系牢固,这才熬过了艰难岁月。
VERB
使用;采纳;发挥
If you carry an idea or a method to a particular extent, you use or develop it to that extent.
例：It's not such a new idea, but I carried it to extremes...这虽然不是什么新想法，但是我将它发挥到了极致。
例：We could carry that one step further by taking the same genes and putting them into another crop.我们可以再进一步：取出相同的基因,并将它们植入另一植株。
VERB
(报纸、海报)登载,刊登,印有
If a newspaper or poster carries a picture or a piece of writing, it contains it or displays it.
例：Several papers carry the photograph of Mr Anderson.好几份报纸都刊登了安德森先生的照片。
VERB
使（提案、动议）通过；赞成
In a debate, if a proposal or motion is carried, a majority of people vote in favour of it.
例：A motion backing its economic policy was carried by 322 votes to 296.一项支持其经济政策的动议以322票对296票通过。
VERB
(罪行)应处以…刑罚
If a crime carries a particular punishment, a person who is found guilty of that crime will receive that punishment.
例：It was a crime of espionage and carried the death penalty.这是间谍罪,应判死刑。
VERB
(声音)传得很远
If a sound carries, it can be heard a long way away.
例：Even in this stillness Leaphorn doubted if the sound would carry far.就是在这样的寂静当中,利普霍恩也怀疑声音不会传很远。
VERB
(候选人或党派)在(某州或某选区)获胜
If a candidate or party carries a state or area, they win the election in that state or area.
例：George W. Bush carried the state with 56 percent of the vote.乔治·W. 布什在该州以56%的得票率获胜。
VERB
(以某种姿态)走,移动
If you carry yourself in a particular way, you walk and move in that way.
例：They carried themselves with great pride and dignity.他们举手投足间透着傲气和高贵。
VERB
怀孕;怀上(孩子)
If a woman is carrying a child, she is pregnant.
例：There are many theories that claim to be able to predict whether you're carrying a boy or a girl.有许多理论声称能够预测胎儿的性别。
PHRASE
急不可待;喜不自胜;忘乎所以
If you get carried away or are carried away, you are so eager or excited about something that you do something hasty or foolish.
例：I got completely carried away and almost cried.我激动不已,几乎哭了出来。
PHRASE
轻松获胜;大获全胜
If a person or team carries all before them, they succeed very easily.
例：In the formative years their alliance carried all before it.在草创阶段,他们的联盟所向披靡。
adj. 运输的；运送的
 - forwarding
n. 运送
 - shipping, consignment
v. 运载；搬运（carry的现在分词）
 - hauling

Word: gypsy
Front: gypsy
['dʒɪpsi] (13501/7047 -2)
Back: n. 吉普赛人; 吉普赛语; 像吉普赛人的人; [航]绞绳筒
adj. 像吉普赛人似的; 吉普赛人的; 吉普赛式的流浪的; 无照的
v. 过吉普赛式地生活; 流浪; 野餐旅行
分布：吉布赛人(100%)
→来自英语方言egypcien, 埃及人。因过去很长一段时间，人们对吉普赛人缺乏了解，有认为来自埃及的，有认为来自东欧的，也有认为来自印度的，所以也导致吉普赛人实际上存在多种名字。
(UK also gipsy) ['dʒɪp.si] (romany)
noun countable
■a member of a race of people originally from northern India who typically used to travel from place to place, and now live especially in Europe and North America 吉普赛人
• a gypsy caravan/encampment 吉普赛人的大篷车／营地
n. 吉卜赛人；吉卜赛语；像吉布赛的人；歌舞剧中的歌舞队员
 - Gippy, diddy
vi. 流浪
 - vagabondize, stray

Word: RNA
Front: RNA
[.ɑːr en 'eɪ] (13449/5920 -1)
Back: abbr. 核糖核酸（Ribonucleic Acid）；浪漫派小说家协会（Romantic Novelists ' Association）
分布：名词(100%)
US [ˌɑ:r.en-] noun uncountable specialized abbreviation for
■ribonucleic acid: an important chemical present in all living cells 核糖核酸

Word: murdered
Front: murdered
[ˈmə:dəd] (13462/12391)
Back: v. 糟蹋( murder的过去式和过去分词 ); （尤指在团队运动中）彻底打败; 打垮
分布：谋杀(75%)，谋杀案(23%)，糟蹋(1%)，损坏(1%)
N-VAR
谋杀;杀害;凶杀
Murder is the deliberate and illegal killing of a person.
例：The three accused, aged between 19 and 20, are charged with attempted murder...3个年龄在19到20岁之间的被告被控谋杀未遂。
例：She refused to testify, unless the murder charge against her was dropped.除非撤销对她的谋杀指控，否则她拒绝作证。
VERB
谋杀;杀害
To murder someone means to commit the crime of killing them deliberately.
例：...a thriller about two men who murder a third to see if they can get away with it.关于两个男人为了看看是否能成功逃脱惩罚而去谋杀另一名男子的惊悚片
例：...the body of a murdered religious and political leader.被谋杀的宗教和政治领袖的尸体
PHRASE
(做坏事而)安然无恙，逍遥法外，为所欲为
If you say that someone gets away with murder, you are complaining that they can do whatever they like without anyone trying to control them or punish them.
例：His charm and the fact that he is so likeable often allows him to get away with murder.他很有魅力而且讨人喜欢，这常让他能够为所欲为。
PHRASE
(对不喜欢的东西)大惊小怪地拼命叫嚷
If you say that someone screams blue murder or screams bloody murder, you are emphasizing that they are making a lot of noise or fuss about something that they do not like.
例：People are screaming blue murder about the amount of traffic going through their town.人们对着那些穿越他们城市的川流不息的车辆大呼小叫。

Word: shifting
Front: shifting
[ʃɪftɪŋ] (托 7378/9544 -2)
Vocabulary: shifting
(once / 658 pages)
adjn
The word shifting describes something that is taking a new direction either physically or in thought. If you’ve recently decided that the earth may be round, you are shifting from a flat-Earth viewpoint to a round-Earth one.
Shifting can be used in several senses, but the constant in all of them is change and movement. For example, shifting can describe moving earth: it is usually a bad idea to build your house on a plot of shifting land. The word can also refer to something that is regularly changing: Your friend whose favorite music regularly alternates from heavy metal to jazz to Chinese opera? She has a shifting taste in music.
WORD FAMILY
shifting: shiftingly, shiftings+/ shift: shifted, shifter, shifting, shiftless, shifts, shifty /shifter: shifters/shiftless: shiftlesser, shiftlessly, shiftlessness/ shifty: shiftier, shiftiest, shiftily, shiftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The riot was sparked by a clash between two gangs in the prison and reflects shifting allegiances among Brazil’s powerful narco-trafficking groups, authorities said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
But the ground under the issue may be shifting.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
“Historical data shows that shifting travel patterns should be anticipated as political and economic climates settle,” he says.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 移位; 转移，偏移; 狡猾
v. 改变(shift的现在分词)
adj. 移动的; 多变的; 狡诈的
分布：转移(96%)，不断改换的(2%)，动词shift的现在分词.(2%)
adjective
■always changing or moving 不断变化的；不断移动的
• They lost their way in the shifting sands of the Sahara. 他们在撒哈拉沙漠不断变化的流沙中迷了路。
n. [计] 移位；狡猾
 - displacement, gression
v. 改变（shift的ing形式）
 - changing, varying
adj. 移动的；狡诈的
 - moving, travelling

Word: Eucharist
Front: Eucharist
[ˈju:kərɪst] (13476/17506)
Back: n. 圣餐
分布：圣餐(100%)
→eu-, 好的。-char, 赐予，神恩，词源同charisma, exhort. 后用来指圣餐，圣餐礼。
noun [S or U]
■the Christian ceremony based on Jesus Christ's last meal with his disciples (= the first twelve men who believed in him) or the holy bread and wine used in this ceremony （基督教）圣餐仪式；圣餐中的面包和葡萄酒
⇒ See also Communion

Word: defect
Front: defect
[ˈdi:fekt] (研四六托雅宝 5946/4403 -2)
Vocabulary: defect
(once / 216 pages)
nv
A flaw in something is a defect. At certain stores you can buy clothes with slight defects. You have to be careful because the defect can be minor, like a missing button, or major, like sleeves of uneven lengths.
In a person, a defect is an imperfection, which can manifest itself mentally or physically. If you are diagnosed with a heart defect, you will have to seek the advice of specialists. A hearing defect might leave your dad deaf in one ear. If you are becoming forgetful, you can joke that you are developing a mental defect, but if it continues, you'll probably want to have your head examined.
WORD FAMILY
defect: defected, defecting, defection, defective, defector, defects+/ defection: defections/ defective: defectively, defectiveness/defector: defectors
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it would be a titanic fight, some Republican senators would defect on principle, and Mr. Trump would almost certainly lose.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The brain defect may occur when a mother is infected with Zika while pregnant.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Both parents must carry the defect to pass it on to their children.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 瑕疵，毛病; 欠缺，缺点
vi. 叛逃; 背叛
时态：defected, defecting, defects
分布：缺陷(83%)，缺点(14%)，背叛(3%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-fect, 做，词源同fact, effect. 即没做好的，缺陷。
缺点,缺陷;变节(de坏+fect→做坏了→缺陷)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
n.过失;缺点;不足His affection for the defects is affected by the infectious perfect effect.他对缺点的钟爱受到具有感染力的完美效果的影响.
【记】de坏，fect做－做坏－缺点
【参】defection（n 缺点；背叛；变节）；defective（adj 智商或行为有欠缺的）
noun countable /ˈdiː.fekt/
■a fault, problem or lack (= something that is missing) in something or someone that spoils them or causes them not to work correctly 缺点；缺陷；瑕疵
• All R45 aircraft have been grounded, after a defect in the engine cooling system was discovered. 自从发现引擎冷却系统有缺陷之后，所有R45型飞机都已经停飞了。
• There are so many defects in our education system. 我们的教育制度有太多缺陷了。
• It's a character defect in her that she can't ever accept that she's in the wrong. 她在性格上有缺陷，因为她从来都不承认自己有责任。
■a physical condition in which something is wrong with a part of someone's body 生理缺陷；生理障碍
• She suffers from a heart/sight/speech defect. 她的心脏／视力有缺陷／她有语言障碍。
• The drug has been shown to cause birth defects. 那种药物已被证明可导致新生儿先天性缺陷。
• Cystic fibrosis is caused by a genetic defect. 囊胞性纤维症是由基因缺损引起的。
verb intransitive /dɪˈfekt/
■to leave a country, political party, etc., especially in order to join an opposing one （尤指为加入敌对国家、政党等）脱离，退出，叛逃
• When the national hockey team visited America, half the players defected. 国家曲棍球队访问美国时，有一半队员都叛逃了。
• The British spy, Kim Philby, defected to the Soviet Union/defected from Britain in 1963. 英国间谍金‧菲尔比于1963年投奔到了苏联。
mistake, flaw, shortcoming, error, defect, slip, fault, blunder
这组词都有“错误”的意思，其区别是：
mistake: 最普通用词，泛指思想上、行为上或认识上的判断或理解方面的错误。
flaw: 指结构或组织上的缺点，如破裂之处。用作比喻意义时，指品格上的缺陷。
shortcoming: 指没有达到所要求的标准、没有充分发展或没尽到职责的不足、缺点或短处。多用复数形式。
error: 指思想或行动背离正题轨道或没有得到正确指引而出现的偏差或错误。
defect: 普通用词。指表面上的缺陷，或指人或物本质上的缺点。
slip: 指因疏忽或无意而造成的差错。
fault: 一般指小并且可宽容的缺点、错误。
blunder: 通常指由于无知或情况不明造成判断或行动上的大错。
n. 缺点， [晶体] [材] 缺陷；不足之处
 - deficiency, disadvantage, vice, fault, shortcoming
vi. 变节；叛变
 - apostatize, rise up

Word: swimsuit
Front: swimsuit
[ˈswɪmsu:t] (13524/22800 -1)
Back: n. （女式）游泳衣
分布：名词(100%)
US [-su:t] noun countable
■a piece of clothing that you wear for swimming 游泳衣，泳装
n. 游泳衣（女式）
 - bathing dress

Word: upland
Front: upland
[ˈʌplənd] (托 13478/7376 -1)
Back: adj. 高地的，住在高地的
n. 高地，山地
分布：高地(45%)，山地(24%)，高地的(22%)，山地的(9%)
adjective
■describes an area of land that is situated high up, such as on a hill or mountain 高地的；高原的
• The whole plateau comprises one vast upland plain. 整个高原是一片广阔无垠的高地平原。
['ʌp.lənd] noun
uplands [plural]
■high areas of land 高地；山地
n. 山地， [地理] 高地
 - height, raise, altitude, rise, elevation
adj. 山地的， [地理] 高地的
 - highland

Word: coincidentally
Front: coincidentally
[kəʊˌɪnsɪ'dentəlɪ] (13485/18602 -1)
Back: adv. 巧合地; 同时发生地; 一致地
分布：巧合地(60%)，同时发生地(20%)，=coincidently.(20%)
ADV
巧得很;凑巧
You use coincidentally when you want to draw attention to a coincidence.
例：Coincidentally, I had once found myself in a similar situation...巧得很，我曾经碰到过类似的情况。
例：They immediately got in touch with Dr Ting who was, purely coincidentally, also in California...他们立即与丁博士联系，真是巧得很，他也在加利福尼亚。
adv. 巧合地；一致地
 - consistently, uniformly

Word: conversational
Front: conversational
[ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃənl] (托 13516/10168)
Back: adj. 会话的，谈话的; 健谈的，善应酬的; [计]对话的，双向的
分布：会话的(45%)，对话的(30%)，健谈的(25%)
US [ˌkɑ:n.vɚ-] adjective
■relating to or like a conversation 交谈的；谈话式的；口语的
• a conversational style of writing 口语化的行文风格
• He seems to lack basic conversational skills. 他似乎缺乏基本的谈话技巧。
adj. 对话的；健谈的
 - dialogic, communicative

Word: jeweler
Front: jeweler
['dʒu:ələ] (托 13520/-)
Back: n. 珠宝商; 宝石匠; 钟表商; 钟表匠
分布：珠宝商(87%)，宝石匠(10%)，=jeweller.(3%)
n. 珠宝商；宝石匠；钟表匠；钟表商
 - watchmaker, horologist

Word: futility
Front: futility
[fju:'tɪlətɪ] (研宝 13526/15118)
Vocabulary: futility
(once / 2191 pages)
n
When you can’t see the point in even trying, that’s the feeling of futility, the sense that no matter how much you work at it, nothing good will happen, so you might as well give up.
What’s the point? That’s the question asked by anyone who senses the futility of something. The futility of war makes soldiers put down their weapons, and your father’s strict rules makes any protest an act of futility. The root word is the Latin futilis, which literally means “leaky.” Imagine pouring lemonade into a cup that has no bottom. No matter how long you pour, you’ll never get a sip because of that leaky cup. Ah, the futility!
WORD FAMILY
futility: futilities+/ futile: futilely, futility
USAGE EXAMPLES
And we see only futility and cruelty in the countless lives shortened by disease or disaster, or afflicted by poverty or conflict.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
As an adolescent she saw the futility of that, after her religion deepened and she donned the Islamic headscarf.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
But the futility of the image is part of its power.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 无益; 无效; 无益的事; 无效果的行动
分布：无用(55%)，无益(28%)，无价值(17%)
【记】futile[SAT]（adj 琐细无用的）fut流，ile易…的－易流出去的－无用的fu负，tility能力－具有负债的能力－无用，无益
【参】refute（vt 驳倒；反驳）
【反】efficacious（adj 有效的；灵验的）－futile；effectiveness（n 效力）
N-UNCOUNT
无益;无用;徒劳;白费
Futility is a total lack of purpose or usefulness.
例：...the injustice and futility of terrorism.恐怖主义的非正义性和枉费心机
n. 无用；徒劳；无价值
 - uselessness, without avail

Word: backside
Front: backside
[ˈbæksaɪd] (13477/11717 -1)
Back: n. 臀部，背部; 后方
分布：臀部(100%)
['bæk.saɪd] informal
noun countable
■the part of the body that you sit on; your bottom 屁股，臀部
• After cycling for the whole day, my backside was very sore. 骑了一整天的脚踏车后，我的屁股很痛。
['bæk.saɪd] informal
noun countable
a boot/kick up the/your backside slang
■when you are told forcefully to start doing something more quickly or actively 鞭策，督促
• She's so lazy - she needs a good boot up the backside. 她太懒了——需要有人好好地督促。
['bæk.saɪd] informal
noun countable
get off your backside slang
■to stop being lazy 起身做事
• Get off your backside and do some work! 起来做点事情！
['bæk.saɪd] informal
noun countable
sit (around) on your backside slang disapproving
■to do nothing 无所事事
• I do all the work, while all you do is sit around on your backside all day. 全部工作都是我做，而你却整天无所事事。
n. 背部；后方；臀部
 - bottom, dorsum

Word: vigilance
Front: vigilance
['vɪdʒɪləns] (托 13494/13835)
Vocabulary: vigilance
(once / 1037 pages)
n
Vigilance is devoted attentiveness or watchfulness. Security guards and test proctors alike need to practice vigilance.
Vigilance comes from the Latin word for "wakefulness," vigilantia, and in a medical setting vigilance is still sometimes used to mean "insomnia." A prison guard might be required to maintain vigilance the whole time she's working, always being alert and watchful.
WORD FAMILY
vigilance: vigilances+/ vigilant: unvigilant, vigilance, vigilanter, vigilantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glimmers of optimism are appropriate in each case, but so is vigilance.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The loss of vigilance against the elements of prison that subtly ask you to surrender your dignity.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
But the subject is the same: fear, and vigilance.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. <正>警觉; 警惕; 警戒; <医>失眠症
分布：警惕(75%)，警戒(25%)
警惕,警戒(vigil+ance)[vivvitvig=life,表示"生命"]
警惕(vigil醒着的+ance)[-ance表名词"性质,状况"]
noun uncountable
■more careful attention, especially in order to notice possible danger 警觉；警戒；警惕
• The police said that it was thanks to the vigilance of a neighbour that the fire was discovered before it could spread. 警方说多亏了一位邻居警觉才在火灾蔓延之前发现了火情。
n. 警戒，警觉；警醒症
 - guard, alertness

Word: confrontational
Front: confrontational
[ˌkɒnfrʌnˈteɪʃnl] (13483/21237 -1)
Vocabulary: confrontational
(once / 19999 pages)
adj
Someone who's confrontational isn't shy about arguing forcefully — in fact, it's the way they often interact with other people. When guests on a TV talk show start yelling at each other, you can describe it as confrontational.
When one person confronts another, they argue face-to-face — this interaction is confrontational. The Medieval Latin source of these words is confrontare, which simply means "adjoin," or "be next to," from the Latin roots com-, "together," and frontem, "forehead." So you could think of a confrontational situation as one in which two people are disagreeing while so close that their foreheads nearly touch.
WORD FAMILY
confrontational: confrontationally+/ confront: confrontation, confronted, confronting, confronts/ confrontation: confrontational, confrontations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But then, she's always been more colourful - and confrontational - than many politicians.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Most other leading contenders, left of center like Mr. Moon, support closer ties to China and a less confrontational approach with North Korea.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Some direct, confrontational melodrama, you think, might be just the thing for this guy as well as this emotionally hesitant, excessively calculating movie.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 挑衅的; 对抗的
分布：对抗(70%)，冲突(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
挑衅的;对抗的
If you describe the way that someone behaves as confrontational, you are showing your disapproval of the fact that they are aggressive and likely to cause an argument or dispute.
例：The committee's confrontational style of campaigning has made it unpopular...委员会咄咄逼人的宣传方式使其不得人心。
例：Riot police are on hand but have not been confrontational.防暴警察随时待命，但还没有出现冲突场面。
adj. 对抗的；对抗性的
 - adversarial, oppositional

Word: surmise
Front: surmise
[səˈmaɪz] (托宝 13492/18427)
Vocabulary: surmise
(once / 878 pages)
vn
If you see the empty ice cream containers, the sprinkles littering the ground, a kicked can of Reddi-wip in the trash, you can surmise what has happened: Sundaes. To surmise is to form an opinion or make a guess about something.
If you surmise that something is true, you don't have much evidence or knowledge about it. Near synonyms are guess, conjecture, and suppose. You might say, "I can't even surmise what he would do in such a situation." Surmise came to English from the French surmettre "to accuse," which is formed from the prefix sur- "on, upon" plus mettre "to put" (from Latin mittere "to send").
WORD FAMILY
surmise: surmisable, surmisal, surmised, surmises, surmising
USAGE EXAMPLES
The latter poll, which suggested Clinton was ahead by six points — outside the margin of error — also surmised a seven-point Democratic registration advantage.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“It’s hard because she doesn’t like me,” said Tawny, who surmised that Georgee was confused about how Tawny fit into the family.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But after the pictures turned up online Norma’s mother, Arlene, looked up the New Jersey legal code and surmised that Morcos had broken a law.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 推测，猜测
vt. 臆测，推断; 揣测
vi. 猜想
时态：surmised, surmising, surmises
分布：推测(83%)，臆测(17%)
→sur-,在下，向上，-mis,送出，放置，词源同 mission,emit.引申词义推测，猜测。
推测,猜测(sur在下面＋mise→在下面说出的话→猜测)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
【记】sur下面，mise放－放下想法－推测
US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
■to guess something, without having much or any proof 推测，猜测，臆测
• [+ (that)] The police surmise (that) the robbers have fled the country. 据员警们推测，抢劫犯已经逃离这个国家。
UK ['sə.maɪz] US [sɚ-] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a guess 推测，猜测，臆测
• My surmise turned out to be right. 最后证实我的推测是正确的。
• The article is pure surmise and innuendo. 这篇文章完全是主观臆测、含沙射影。
vt. 猜测；推测
 - make a guess at, guess at sth
vi. 猜测；认为
 - consider, guess at sth
n. 推测；猜度
 - speculation, theory, guess, projection

Word: starch
Front: starch
[stɑ:tʃ] (托雅 13530/19573 -1)
Vocabulary: starch
(once / 1178 pages)
nv
Starch is the stuff that makes your shirt collar look crisp and fresh. It's also the complex carbohydrate that potatoes and rice — foods that are called starches — have lots of.
Starch can also be a verb. You can starch your shirt by adding starch, which is a white powder, to the rinse water. You can also get the kind of starch that comes as a spray, which you squirt on your shirt while you're ironing it. Cornstarch, which is also a white powder, is used to thicken sauces or make egg whites stand in stiff peaks when you beat them.
WORD FAMILY
starch: starched, starching, starchless, starchlike, starchy+/starchy: starchier, starchiest, starchily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A vegetable and a starch accompany all main dishes, an endearing vestige of old-school style.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“I would like to see recommendations to limit both sugar and starch. But that’s half the calories in the food supply.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Part of the problem is our faith in the food trinity of meat, starch and vegetables.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 淀粉，含淀粉的食物; 形式主义; 古板，僵硬; 元气
vt. 把（衣服）上浆; 给…上浆; 浆硬; 使僵硬
时态：starched, starching, starches
分布：淀粉(99%)，给 ... 上浆(1%)
→来自古英语*stercan,使僵硬，使变硬，来自 Proto-Germanic*starkijan,使变硬，来自 ster, 僵的，硬的，固定的，词源同 stark,startle,sterile.因过去常用浆糊给布料糊浆使布料变硬，而 淀粉是制浆的重要原料，因而引申词义淀粉。现在中国农村仍然有熬制浆糊贴春联的习俗。
US [stɑ:rtʃ] noun uncountable
FOOD 食物
■a white substance which exists in large amounts in potatoes and particular grains such as rice 淀粉
• Corn starch is used as a thickener in stews. 玉米淀粉在炖煮的菜肴中当作增稠剂。
Compare carbohydrate
UK [stɑ:tʃ] US [stɑ:rtʃ] noun uncountable
CLOTH 布料
■a white substance from potatoes and particular grains which is used to make cloth stiff （使布料笔挺的）淀粉浆
UK [stɑ:tʃ] US [stɑ:rtʃ] verb transitive
■to make clothes stiff by washing them with starch 上浆（用淀粉浆硬衣服）
• She wore a starched white apron over her black dress. 她在黑色连衣裙外套了件浆过的白色围裙。
n. [有化] 淀粉；刻板，生硬
 - rigidity, amylum

Word: rubric
Front: rubric
[ˈru:brɪk] (13513/23025)
Vocabulary: rubric
(once / 7636 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4v
A rubric is a heading or a category in a chart, or a rule of conduct. A teacher's grading rubrics may include participation, homework completion, tests, quizzes, and papers.
A rubric can also mean a rule or a procedure. If you use "might makes right" as the rubric for the formation of a list of classroom rules, you'll have a different-feeling classroom culture than if your rubric is "everyone deserves respect."
WORD FAMILY
rubric: rubricate, rubricked, rubrics+/rubricate: rubricated, rubricates
USAGE EXAMPLES
So much for the calm deliberation that progressives claim to want as they lobbied electors under the rubric of Hamilton’s Electors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The rubric now is simply that the administration will respond at a time and place of its choosing.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Many of the articles he wrote over the next 13 years appeared under the rubric “The Diplomatic Round,” which Shawn invented for Mr. Newhouse.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （用红字印刷的）题目（或句子等）; 注释; 写在礼拜规程里的礼仪指示; 习俗
adj. 印为红字的
分布：标题(30%)，规则(19%)，类(19%)，红色的(14%)，注释(9%)，用红色书写的(9%)
→来自拉丁语 rubrica,红赭石，红染料，来自 ruber,红色的，词源同 red,ruby.引申词义红色标记， 记号，后用于指红字标题，用红字印刷的题目等。
['ru:.brɪk] formal
noun countable
■a set of instructions, etc., especially on an examination paper and usually printed in a different style or colour （尤指印在试卷上、通常用不同字体或颜色的）指示，说明，提示
• Read/Follow the rubric carefully. 仔细阅读／严格按照说明。
n. [印刷] 红字标题；红色印刷；题目
 - topic, theme

Word: legitimately
Front: legitimately
[lɪ'dʒɪtɪmətlɪ] (13481/11354)
Back: adv. 正当地，合理地
分布：正当地(60%)，合理地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
合法的；依法的；法律认可的
Something that is legitimate is acceptable according to the law.
例：The French government has condemned the coup in Haiti and has demanded the restoration of the legitimate government...法国政府对海地政变表示谴责，并要求恢复合法政府的地位。
例：The government will not seek to disrupt the legitimate business activities of the defendant.政府无意干扰被告的合法经营活动。
ADJ-GRADED
合情理的；有道理的；正当的
If you say that something such as a feeling or claim is legitimate, you think that it is reasonable and justified.
例：That's a perfectly legitimate fear...怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
例：The New York Times has a legitimate claim to be a national newspaper.《纽约时报》有理由称自己是一份全国性报纸。
ADJ
婚生的
A legitimate child is one whose parents were married before he or she was born.
例：We only married in order that the child should be legitimate.我们结婚纯粹是为了给孩子一个合法身份。
VERB
同legitimize
To legitimate something means the same as to legitimize it.
例：We want to legitimate this process by passing a law.我们希望通过立法来使这一程序合法化。
adv. 合理地；正当地
 - reasonably, rightfully

Word: normalize
Front: normalize
[ˈnɔ:məlaɪz] (13528/27886 -1)
Vocabulary: normalize
(once / 8704 pages)
1v 2v
If it's out of whack, totally crazy and absolutely bizarre, it should probably be normalized, or put back into a normal state.
Something that's been normalized has been put back to normal, whether you're talking about the weather pattern or your sleep habits. Someone who likes to keep things in order is probably a fan of the word normalize. Stock brokers, for example, hate it when the stock market takes them on a wild, unpredictable ride; they'd much rather have things normalize and settle down.
WORD FAMILY
normalize: normalization, normalized, normalizer, normalizes, normalizing, renormalize+/ abnormal: abnormalcy, abnormality, abnormally/abnormality: abnormalities/ normal: abnormal, normalcy, normalise, normality, normalize, normally, normals, subnormal, supernormal/ normalcy: normalcies/normalise: normalisation, normalised, normaliser, renormalise/ normality: normalities/subnormal: subnormality, subnormally, subnormals/subnormality: subnormalities/supernormal: supernormally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The expansion of gaming outside of Nevada normalized the business,’’ Freeman said of legalized gambling in general.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Each motive equally possible, each equally unverifiable, and each normalizing and incentivizing the spread of outright lies.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Some argued that any series about the KKK, even about people leaving, normalized the hate group.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使正常化; 使标准化
时态：normalized, normalizing, normalizes
分布：使标准化(50%)，使合规格(25%)，使正常(25%)
→来自normal,正常的。
US ['nɔ:r-] verb
SITUATION 状况
intransitive or transitive
■to return to the normal or usual situation （使）恢复正常，（使）恢复常态；（使）正常化
• They claim that the new drug normalizes blood pressure. 他们声称这种新药能使血压恢复正常。
• Relations between the two countries are gradually normalizing. 两国关系正逐渐恢复正常。
(UK usually normalise) UK ['nɔ:.mə.laɪz] US ['nɔ:r-] verb
INFORMATION 讯息
transitive specialized
■If you normalize information, you compare a small set of information with a set which represents normal values （透过与正常资讯相比较）使标准化
• Research psychologists normalize the results of their studies by comparing their subjects' behaviour with that of the general public. 研究心理学家透过将其研究对象的行为和大众行为比较，来使其研究成果标准化。
vt. 使正常化；使规格化，使标准化
 - standardize

Word: rework
Front: rework
[ˌri:ˈwɜ:k] (13484/18594 -1)
Back: vt. 重做，再做; 修订
n. 重做的某物
时态：reworked, reworking, reworks
分布：返工(45%)，重做(34%)，改写(21%)
→re-,再，重新，work,工作。
US [-'wɝ:k] verb transitive
■to change a speech or a piece of writing in order to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose 重写；修订，修改
• She reworked her speech for a younger audience. 为了给更年轻的观众作演讲，她修改了讲稿。
vt. 重做；修订
 - redo, do over

Word: evocative
Front: evocative
[ɪˈvɒkətɪv] (宝 13479/14164 -1)
Vocabulary: evocative
(once / 11703 pages)
adj
Use the adjective evocative when you want to describe something that reminds you of something else. If your mom baked a lot when you were a kid, the smell of cookies in the oven is probably evocative of your childhood.
Evocative comes from the Latin word evocare, which means to "call out" or "summon." Think of a batch of cookies summoning a memory from your childhood. To summon something you need a voice, and indeed, the Latin word for voice is vocare. Other related words include the noun vocation, which means "a calling."
WORD FAMILY
evocative: evocatively+/ evocation: evocations/ evoke: evocation, evocative, evoked, evokes, evoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
The effect is subtle and simple, yet evocative of greater things.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In “Lemonade,” fashion is evocative of the past and the present.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
So that’s why it’s something that is evocative.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 唤起的; 激起的; 唤出的
分布：引起回忆或唤起感情的(100%)
→来自evoke, 唤醒。
唤起(感情)的(e出+voc喊...把感情喊出来)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
US [-'vɑ:.kə.tˌɪv] adjective
■making you remember or imagine something pleasant 引起（愉快）回忆的；产生（美好）联想的；唤起（美好）感情的
• evocative music 使人激发联想的音乐
• a sound evocative of the sea 使人联想到大海的声音

Word: acronym
Front: acronym
[ˈækrənɪm] (托宝 13493/19145 -1)
Vocabulary: acronym
(once / 9657 pages)
n
Are the members of your after-school club tripping over the name Student Parachuting League & Aerial Team? Why not use each of the words’ first letters to make an acronym, and call the club SPLAT? There, that’s better.
What do NOW, sonar, and scuba have in common? They are all acronyms. Not only does each letter come from the first letter of another word, but each group of letters is easy to pronounce as its own word. Though its roots are classic (acro means “tip” and nym means “name”), acronym is fairly new as English words go; it has only been around since the early 1940s.
WORD FAMILY
acronym: acronymic, acronymous, acronyms+/acronymic: acronymically/acronymous: acronymously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iraqi state TV said Hollande will discuss “increasing support to Iraq and the latest developments in the fight against Daesh,” the Arabic acronym for IS.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The name is an acronym for Society to Heal, Aid, Restore, Educate.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"Merry Christmas from the most forward TAA at the tip of the spear," James said, using a military acronym for the compound.
Reuters(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 首字母缩略词
分布：首字母缩略词(100%)
→词根acer-, 尖的，首的，开头的。词根-onym, 名字，词源同name. 用于指首字母缩略词。
【记】acro高，nym名称－把高出小写字母的大写字母放在一起
US [-rə-] noun countable
■an abbreviation consisting of the first letters of each word in the name of something, pronounced as a word 首字母缩略词；首字母组合词
• AIDS is an acronym for 'Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome'. AIDS 是 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome（获得性免疫缺损综合症）的首字母缩略词。
n. [语] 首字母缩略词
 - initialism

Word: self-image
Front: self-image
[self 'ɪmɪdʒ] (-1)
Back: n. 自我形象
分布：自我形象(100%)
noun countable usually singular
■the way a person feels about his or her personality, achievements and value to society 自我形象
• Having a decent job contributes to a good self-image. 拥有一份体面的工作有助于树立良好的自我形象。

Word: distrust
Front: distrust
[dɪsˈtrʌst] (10659/11594 -1)
Vocabulary: distrust
(once / 508 pages)
nv
Distrust is a feeling of doubt about some person or thing. We distrust people who aren't honest.
When you trust someone, you believe in her, so the opposite is true of distrust. Trust is from the Old Norse word traust meaning "confidence." Put a dis in front of it, and to distrust is to have no confidence in someone or something. As a noun, distrust is the feeling of doubt. In a corrupt workplace, there will be a lot of distrust. Where there's distrust, there's not much harmony.
WORD FAMILY
distrust: distrusted, distrusting, distrusts, self-distrust+/distrustful: distrustfully, distrustfulness/ entrust: entrusted, entrusting, entrusts/intrust: intrusted, intrusting, intrusts/mistrust: mistrusted, mistrustful, mistrusting, mistrusts/mistrustful: mistrustfully/ trust: antitrust, distrust, entrust, intrust, mistrust, trusted, trustee, truster, trustful, trusting, trusts, trusty/trusted: trustedly/trustee: trustees, trusteeship/trusteeship: trusteeships/truster: trusters/trustful: distrustful, trustfully, trustfulness/ trusting: trustingest, trustingly, trustingness, untrusting/trusty: trustier, trusties, trustiest, trustily, trustiness, untrusty/untrusty: untrustiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nixon’s distrust of the CIA prompted him to undervalue most of the agency’s judgments, if he read them at all.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Why do we revere the intellect and ignore or distrust the body?
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
“We’ve effectively brainwashed the core of our audience to distrust anything that they disagree with,” one conservative radio host said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 不信任; 怀疑
n. 不信任，猜疑; 疑惑，不相信
时态：distrusted, distrusting, distrusts
分布：不信任(69%)，怀疑(31%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。trust, 相信，信任。
不信,猜疑(dis不+trust)[tru=true,表示"相信,真实"]
noun uncountable
■when you do not trust someone or something 不信任，不相信，怀疑
• The two groups have existed in a state of mutual distrust for centuries. 几个世纪以来这两个群体一直处于互不信任的状态之中。
• She has a (deep) distrust of journalists. 她对记者（非常）不信任。
[dɪ'strʌst] verb transitive
■to not trust someone or something 不信任，不相信，怀疑
• In spite of its election success, the government is still deeply distrusted on key issues. 政府虽然在选举中获胜，但在关键问题上仍然没有取得民众的信任。
doubt, suspect, distrust
这组词都有“怀疑”的意思，其区别是：
doubt: 普通用词，多指因证据不足或仅凭证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，多含否定意味。
suspect: 指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较多。
distrust: 指疑惑、猜疑，不信任。
doubt, supicion, distrust, uncertainty
这些名词均有“怀疑”之意。
doubt: 指对事物的真、假有怀疑。
supicion: 语气较强，指对某人做某事的目的、意图有怀疑，或认为某人做错事，但无确凿证据而产生怀疑。
distrust: 一般用词，泛指对某人某事不信任而感到怀疑。
uncertainty: 侧重指对某事或选择等需作决定时的迟疑不决。
vt. 不信任
 - mistrust
n. 不信任
 - nonconfidence

Word: swipe
Front: swipe
[swaɪp] (宝 13529/20295 -1)
Back: n. 重击; 尖锐的评论; 柄，握杆
vt. 重击; 刷（磁卡）; 偷窃
vi. 猛打
时态：swiped, swiping, swipes
分布：猛打(53%)，重击(47%)
→可能来自 sweep 拼写变体，引申词义重击，猛打，以及刷磁卡，刷信用卡等。
【记】s死，wipe（v 擦）：想要把你用布擦死，需要大幅度的猛擦－猛击
verb
HIT 击打
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hit or try to hit something, especially with a sideways movement 击打，尤指抡起（物体）猛打
• She opened the window and swiped at the flies with a rolled-up newspaper to make them go out. 她打开窗户，挥舞着卷起的报纸猛打一通，想把苍蝇赶出去。
• She swiped him round the head. 她挥手打他的头。
• mainly US The car swiped the garage door as he pulled out. 他把车开出去时，撞上了车库的大门。
⇒ See also sideswipe
[swaɪp] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive informal
■to steal 偷窃，盗窃
• Okay, who's swiped my keys? 好吧！是谁偷了我的锁匙？
[swaɪp] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive
■to move a card containing information stored on a magnetic strip through a device that reads this information 刷（卡）
[swaɪp] noun
CRITICISM 批评
countable usually singular
■a criticism of someone or something, or an attempt to damage or annoy them 批评，打击
• In a recent interview, she takes a swipe at the theatre management. 在最近的一次采访中，她批评了剧院的管理。
[swaɪp] noun
HIT 击打
countable
■an act of hitting or trying to hit someone or something 挥击；抡打
• Edwin took a swipe at the ball and missed. 埃德温挥臂击球，却挥棒落空。
vt. 猛击；偷窃；刷…卡
 - steal, jab at
n. 猛击；尖刻的话
 - crasher, devel
vi. 猛打；大口喝酒
 - hit out, pound on

Word: exhibitor
Front: exhibitor
[ɪgˈzɪbɪtə(r)] (13472/16136 -1)
Back: n. 展出者; 参展商
分布：展出者(62%)，参展者(21%)，提出人(17%)
→来自exhibit, 展览。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who has made or owns something, especially a work of art, shown in an exhibition （尤指创作或拥有艺术品的）展出者，参展者
• Many of the exhibitors will be at the gallery to meet the public. 很多参展者将在艺廊与大众见面。

Word: stump
Front: stump
[stʌmp] (7320/8806 -2)
Vocabulary: stump
(once / 526 pages)
nv
There are three ways to stump: you can ask someone a question they can't answer, you can travel making political speeches, or you can stomp.
Stump can mean many things as a verb. The most common use is when someone — like a teacher — asks a question that no one can answer. That's a case of the teacher stumping the class. Also, politicians traveling through a district, making speeches are stumping, giving what are called stump speeches. Once in a while, to stump means the same thing as two similar words, stomp and stamp. If you're stumping, stomping, and stamping around, you're making a lot of noise with your feet.
WORD FAMILY
stump: stumped, stumper, stumping, stumps+/stumper: stumpers/stumping: stumpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boyd is replacing commissioner Bob Stump, who was forced by term limits to leave the commission that regulates utilities.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A planned Trump rally in Wisconsin was canceled; the candidate stumped in Minnesota instead.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It's harder to find anyone picking the Huskies than it is finding moss the southern side of stump.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （被砍下的树的）树桩; 残余部分，假肢; （板球三柱门的）柱; 残余部分
vt. 截去…的干; 碰踢; 用擦笔调整画的色调; [非正式用语] 向（某人）挑战
时态：stumped, stumping, stumps
分布：演说(64%)，残株(12%)，讲演台(6%)，烟蒂(6%)，受窘(6%)，踏步(6%)
→来自中古低地德语 stump,树桩，树墩， 来自 Proto-Germanic*stumpaz,树桩，树墩， 来自 stebh,支柱，支撑，来自 sta,站立，词源同 stand,staff.引申动词词义被树墩绊倒，比 喻义难倒等。stump 脚步沉重的走，跺脚走
noun
PART LEFT 剩余部分
countable
■the part of something such as tree, tooth, arm or leg which is left after most of it has been removed 树墩，树桩；（牙齿等的）残余部分；残肢
• the stump of a tree 树墩
• Her smile broadened to reveal two rows of brown stumps. 她微笑时露出两排褐色牙根。
[stʌmp] noun
CRICKET 板球
stumps [plural]
■the three vertical wooden poles at which the ball is thrown in cricket （板球三柱门的）柱
[stʌmp] verb
NO ANSWER 没有答案
be stumped informal
■to be unable to answer a question or solve a problem because it is too difficult 语塞；被难住，被难倒
• I'm completely stumped - how did she manage to escape? 我百思不得其解——她是如何逃脱的？
• Scientists are stumped by this mystery virus. 这种神秘的病毒把科学家难倒了。
[stʌmp] verb
WALK 走
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to stomp 迈着沉重的步子走
[stʌmp] verb
POLITICS 政治
transitive US
■to travel around an area giving speeches and trying to get political support 在…进行游说
• She remembers when her dad ran for governor and stumped the north of the state. 她记得父亲竞选州长时到州北部地区游说的事。
[stʌmp] verb
CRICKET 板球
transitive usually passive
■If the person hitting the ball in cricket is stumped, their turn to try scoring points is ended by a member of the other team knocking the bails off the stumps with the ball while they are outside a safe area. （板球中以球击落三柱门上的横木）使（打击者）出局
[stʌmp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  stump up (sth) UK informal
■to pay an amount or type of money for something, especially unwillingly （尤指不情愿地）掏腰包，付钱
• It can be cheaper to stump up for a new washing machine than to get your old one repaired. 掏钱买个新的洗衣机可能比你修理旧的还要便宜。
• Chissano said Western governments should stump up the cash to fund land redistribution. 希萨诺说西方国家政府应该自掏腰包为土地重新分配提供资金。
n. [林] 树桩；残余部分；假肢
 - artificial limb
vt. 砍伐；使为难；在…作巡回政治演说
 - fell, perplex

Word: unbelievably
Front: unbelievably
[ˌʌnbɪˈli:vəblɪ] (13505/15127)
Back: adv. 难以置信地，不可信地
分布：难以相信地(100%)
adverb
■in a way that is very surprising or difficult to believe 令人难以置信地
• He works unbelievably hard. 他工作极其卖力。
• It was still an unbelievably stupid thing to do. 要做的这件事仍然是愚蠢至极，令人难以置信。
adv. 难以置信地；不可信地
 - incredibly, implausibly

Word: observable
Front: observable
[əbˈzɜ:vəbl] (13504/12228)
Vocabulary: observable
(once / 2639 pages)
adj
Something observable can be perceived or detected — you can see it, hear it, or otherwise sense that it's there. An observable change in the temperature outdoors will make you run back in for your hat and gloves.
If an observable hush falls over the dining room when your grandfather clears his throat, it's something that everyone notices. Observable differences between you and your twin sister might include different haircuts and the fact that you wear glasses but she doesn't. Observable things can be sensed (perceived with one of your five senses) or intuited.
WORD FAMILY
observable: observably, unobservable+/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dark matter is an unidentified type of matter comprising approximately 27% of the mass and energy in the observable universe.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
We now ascertain that the observable universe exceeds 90 billion light-years across.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Due to the lack of observable insignia, Centcom would not say definitively that it had killed Syrian soldiers.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 观察得到的，应遵守的，应庆祝的
分布：可观察到的(44%)，值得注意的(31%)，可遵守的(25%)
ADJ
能看得见的；能察觉到的
Something that is observable can be seen.
例：Mars is too faint and too low in the sky to be observable.火星星光暗淡，位置低悬，难以看见。
adj. 显著的；觉察得到的；看得见的
 - obvious, prominent, marked, noted, outstanding

Word: charging
Front: charging
[tʃɑ:dʒɪŋ] (13496/11451)
Back: n. 装料，炉料
v. 装( charge的现在分词 ); 控诉; 记账; 使充电
分布：充电(94%)，装料(3%)，炉料(2%)，动词charge的现在分词形式.(1%)
VERB
向…收费;索要(钱);要价
If you charge someone an amount of money, you ask them to pay that amount for something that you have sold to them or done for them.
例：Even local nurseries charge £100 a week...连本地托儿所每星期都要收费100英镑。
例：The majority of stalls charged a fair price...多数货摊要价比较公道。
VERB
将…的账单寄给…;把…记在…的账上
To charge something to a person or organization means to tell the people providing it to send the bill to that person or organization. To charge something to someone's account means to add it to their account so they can pay for it later.
例：Go out and buy a pair of glasses, and charge it to us...去买副眼镜，账记在我们头上。
例：All transactions have been charged to your account.所有交易都记在你的账户上了。
N-COUNT
(提供服务的)要价，收费
A charge is an amount of money that you have to pay for a service.
例：We can arrange this for a small charge...我们可以将此安排好，只收取很少的费用。
例：Customers who arrange overdrafts will face a monthly charge of £5.透支的客户每月要缴纳5英镑的费用。
N-COUNT
指控;控告
A charge is a formal accusation that someone has committed a crime.
例：He may still face criminal charges...他可能仍然要面临刑事指控。
例：They appeared at court yesterday to deny charges of murder.他们昨天出庭，否认谋杀的指控。
VERB
(警方)指控，起诉
When the police charge someone, they formally accuse them of having done something illegal.
例：They have the evidence to charge him...他们握有控告他的证据。
例：Police have charged Mr Bell with murder.警方已经起诉贝尔先生犯有谋杀罪。
VERB
(公开)指责，谴责
If you charge someone with doing something wrong or unpleasant, you publicly say that they have done it.
例：He charged the minister with lying about the economy.他指责部长在经济问题上撒谎。
N-UNCOUNT
负责;管理
If you take charge of someone or something, you make yourself responsible for them and take control over them. If someone or something is in your charge, you are responsible for them.
例：A few years ago Bacryl took charge of the company...几年前，巴克里尔接管了该公司。
例：I have been given charge of this class...我被分配负责这个班。
PHRASE
主管;全面负责；统领
If you are in charge in a particular situation, you are the most senior person and have control over something or someone.
例：Who's in charge here?这儿谁管事啊？
例：...the Swiss governess in charge of the smaller children.负责照管小一些的孩子的瑞士女家庭教师
N-COUNT
被照管的人;所负责的人
If you describe someone as your charge, they have been given to you to be looked after and you are responsible for them.
例：The coach tried to get his charges motivated.教练试图激发队员的积极性。
VERB
猛冲;猛攻
If you charge towards someone or something, you move quickly and aggressively towards them.
例：He charged through the door to my mother's office...他冲出门，往我母亲的办公室跑去。
例：He ordered us to charge.他命令我们冲锋。
VERB
给(电池)充电
To charge a battery means to pass an electrical current through it in order to make it more powerful or to make it last longer.
例：Alex had forgotten to charge the battery.亚力克斯忘了给电池充电。
N-COUNT
(带电物质的)电荷，充电量
An electrical charge is an amount of electricity that is held in or carried by something.
N-COUNT
(子弹、炮弹所装填的)火药，炸药;子弹;炮弹
The charge in a cartridge or shell is the explosive inside it. You can also refer to the cartridge or shell itself as a charge .
PHRASE
免费的
If something is free of charge, it does not cost anything.
例：The leaflet is available free of charge from post offices.宣传单可以到邮局免费领取。
n. 炉料；装料
 - furnace charge
v. 使承担 （任务等）；装载；命令（charge的现在分词）
 - loading, telling

Word: much-needed

Word: oceanic
Front: oceanic
[ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk] (13541/13204)
Vocabulary: oceanic
(once / 8146 pages)
adj
Things that have something to do with the ocean are oceanic. Oceanic water comes from the sea, and oceanic study focuses on creatures that live in the ocean and other ocean-related topics.
An oceanic vessel is a fancy way of referring to a ship that sails on the sea, and oceanic tides are the constantly rising and falling levels of ocean water. You can also use this adjective to mean, "as enormous as the ocean," like an oceanic success or an oceanic pile of work to do before the end of the day. Oceanic comes from the Greek okeanos, which in ancient Greece referred to an imagined "endless river surrounding the land."
WORD FAMILY
oceanic: suboceanic, transoceanic+/ ocean: oceanic, oceans, subocean
USAGE EXAMPLES
"These aerial flows are an unappreciated aspect of terrestrial ecosystems, equivalent to the oceanic movements of plankton which power the oceanic food chains."
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
The device was being operated by civilian contractors to conduct oceanic research, according to the Pentagon.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
It operates research ships and aeroplanes, satellites and its own uniformed service while spending about $490 million each year on atmospheric, oceanic and ecosystems science.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 海洋的，海洋产出的，生活于海洋的; 远洋
分布：海洋的(66%)，海洋产出的(23%)，无垠的(11%)
→来自ocean海洋，-ic,形容词后缀。
US [ˌoʊ-] specialized
adjective
■relating to oceans 大洋的，海洋的
• oceanic crust/plates 海洋地壳／板块
adj. [海洋] 海洋的；海洋产出的；在海洋中生活的；广阔无垠的
 - thalassian

Word: philanthropy
Front: philanthropy
[fɪˈlænθrəpi] (六 13533/22538)
Vocabulary: philanthropy
(once / 658 pages)
n
If you donate money to a charity or volunteer to help people in need, you can call your good deeds philanthropy.
Philanthropy is made up of two parts — Greek phil "loving" and anthrop "mankind." It refers to the desire to help people or the actual deeds a person does to benefit mankind. Philanthropy most often refers to the large amounts of money the wealthy donate to a cause such as world hunger or an organization such as a museum. A private organization that promotes the welfare of people can also be called a philanthropy.
WORD FAMILY
philanthropy: philanthropic, philanthropies, philanthropist +/ philanthropic: philanthropically/ philanthropist: philanthropists
USAGE EXAMPLES
With Swades, the Screwvalas are once again at the forefront of a movement, this time in corporate social responsibility and philanthropy.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Stone, now 31, works with Summit on event planning and dealing with corporate philanthropy campaigns.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Trump’s donations to his foundation are also small, by the standards of billionaires’ philanthropy.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 博爱; 慈善活动，慈善事业
分布：慈善事业(87%)，慈善机构(6%)，善心(4%)，博爱主义(3%)
→phil-,爱，-anthrop,人，人类，android,anthropology.即关爱人的行为，引申词义慈善。
博爱,慈善(phil+anthropy人→爱人,博爱)[phil,philo=love,表示"爱"]
N-UNCOUNT
慈善；捐助
Philanthropy is the giving of money to people who need it, without wanting anything in return.
例：...a retired banker well known for his philanthropy.以乐善好施著称的退休银行家
n. 博爱，慈善；慈善事业
 - charity, caritas

Word: recount
Front: recount
[rɪ'kaʊnt] (托 5484/8510 -1)
Vocabulary: recount
(once / 775 pages)
1v 2vn
As a verb, recount can mean either "tell the story of" or "add up again." As a noun, recount usually refers to the second (or third or fourth) tallying of votes in a close election.
The word count comes from the old French conter, which means "add up" or "tell a story." Here's a story to recount (narrate): In an election featuring Count Dracula and Count Johnson, Dracula wins by two votes, so Johnson demands a recount (an adding up of the votes again). The officials recount (count again) the votes, and this time find Count Johnson the winner. Dracula threatens to bite the officials and they quickly change their minds.
WORD FAMILY
recount: recounted, recounting, recounts+/ count: countable, counted, counter, counting, countless, counts, miscount, recount /counted: uncounted/ counter: countered, countering, counters, encounter /counting: countings/ countless: countlessly, countlessness/ encounter: encountered, encountering, encounters/miscount: miscounted, miscounting, miscounts/recounting: recountings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Anderson was recounting the scary scene, linebacker Corey Nelson leaned in and told him, “I was scared for you. I was so scared, bro.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Martin Luther King, Jr., recounted an experience of it in the early days of the bus boycott in Montgomery, in 1956.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But it was another four weeks before McCrory conceded while dozens of ballot protests were considered and a partial recount was held in Durham County.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 详细叙述; 重新计算
时态：recounted, recounting, recounts
分布：重新计算(41%)，详述(36%)，列举(23%)
→re-,再，重新，count,数数。即重数，引申词义重新叙述。
verb transitive (also re-count) [ˌriːˈkaʊnt/
COUNT AGAIN 再数
■to count something again 重数；重新清点
noun countable /ˈriː.kaʊnt/
■another count, especially of the number of votes in an election 重新计算；（尤指大选中）重新计算选票
• to demand a recount 要求重新计票
vt. 叙述；重新计算
 - relate, narrate
n. 重算
 - roll-back

Word: epistemological
Front: epistemological
[ɪpɪstəmə'lɒ] (13542/17464)
Vocabulary: epistemological
(once / 61240 pages)
adj
An epistemological argument is a philosophical discussion about the nature of knowledge and how you know what you know.
The Greek word for "knowledge" is episteme, and epistemology is the branch of philosophy that considers how you know things — how, for instance, your senses determine what you can know about the world around you. It is an epistemological view that where truth and belief intersect, one finds knowledge. Now that's deep.
WORD FAMILY
epistemological: epistemologically+/ epistemologist: epistemologists/ epistemology: epistemological, epistemologies, epistemologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no way to know; such is the epistemological conundrum of Clintonism.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 13, 2016)
If Rove and other so-called mainstream Republicans helped make this tsunami of epistemological doubt possible, they still didn’t see it coming.
Salon(Aug 27, 2016)
He was pinched perspiringly in the epistemological dilemma of the skeptic, unable to accept solutions to problems he was unwilling to dismiss as unsolvable.
Joseph Heller, Catch-22(1961)
Back: adj. 认识论的
分布：认识论的(100%)

Word: hotly
Front: hotly
[ˈhɒtli] (13514/13820 -1)
Back: adv. 大发雷霆地; 猛烈地; 紧迫地; 热心地
分布：激烈地(72%)，坚定地(14%)，发怒地(14%)
→比喻用法。
US ['hɑ:t.li] adverb
■in an angry or excited way 愤怒地；激动地
• She hotly denied having taken the money. 她愤怒地断然否认拿了那些钱。
■closely and with determination 紧随地
• He ran down the street, hotly pursued by two police officers. 他沿街跑着，后面有两名员警紧追不舍。
• a hotly contested election 竞争激烈的竞选
adv. 激烈地；热心地；暑热地
 - strongly, bitter

Word: aquifer
Front: aquifer
[ˈækwɪfə(r)] (宝 13448/18043)
Vocabulary: aquifer
(once / 33108 pages)
n
An aquifer is an underground water supply –– one found in porous rock, sand, gravel, or the like. Your town might get its water from a lake, river, reservoir, aquifer, or some other source.
Aquifer is from the Latin aqua (meaning "water") and ferre (meaning "to bear") –– an aquifer literally bears water. Some aquifers are massive, such as the Ogallala Aquifer in the United States that stretches across parts of eight states from South Dakota to Texas. But not massive enough –– we're draining them faster than the water can be replenished.
WORD FAMILY
aquifer: aquiferous, aquifers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company says an appeal of a state aquifer permit is ongoing and the EPA permit is also likely to be challenged.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Such conflicts, including disputes between miners and farmers over the use of aquifers, are likely to get worse.
Reuters(Nov 28, 2016)
The city does not pipe in enough drinkable water, so Jakartans rely largely on wells which extract water from shallow aquifers.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 地下蓄水层，砂石含水层
分布：名词(100%)
→词根aqua, 水。词根fer, 带来，含有。
【记】aqui水，fer带来－带来水的－含水土层
US ['ɑ:kwə.fɚ] noun countable specialized
■a layer of rock, sand or earth that contains water or allows water to pass through it 含水土层（地下蓄水层；砂石含水层）

Word: trivia
Front: trivia
[ˈtrɪviə] (宝 13495/19325 -1)
Vocabulary: trivia
(once / 584 pages)
n
Can you name the twenty-third vice-president? Do you know all the state birds? If so, you must be good at trivia: facts that are interesting but not necessarily important.
Everybody probably knows trivia about something they enjoy. Baseball fans can quote batting averages of their favorite players; movie nuts can tell you exactly what films their favorite actors appeared in and who they played. The game "Trivial Pursuit" is full of questions about facts like that. Why would anyone bother with trivia? Usually, because they love the topic, or maybe they need to know it for their job. One person's trivia is another person's important information.
WORD FAMILY
trivia: trivial +/ trivial: trivialest, trivialise, triviality, trivialize, trivially/trivialise: trivialised/triviality: trivialities/ trivialize: trivialized, trivializes, trivializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She keeps humans abreast of weather, news, music, and trivia, and adjusts the settings of their smart houses.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Another bit of “Irene” trivia: The musical was the inaugural production in the Minskoff Theatre, now home to “The Lion King.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A trivia buff, she successfully passed the online test for the show in early 2016, and was invited to an in-person audition.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 琐事，不足道的细枝末节; （中世纪大学的）三学科( trivium的名词复数); 薄物细故
分布：琐事(92%)，不重要的事情(8%)
→来自拉丁语 trivia,三岔路，复数格于 trivium,三岔路，来自 tri-, 三，via,路，词源同 way.引申 词义公共地，闲聊，后用于指琐事，小事。
plural noun
■details or information that are not important 琐事；细枝末节
• She has an encyclopedic knowledge of pop trivia. 她对流行音乐的细枝末节无所不知。
• I'm fascinated by the trivia of everyday life. 我对日常生活的点滴小事很感兴趣。
n. 琐事
 - minutia, bagatelle

Word: finesse
Front: finesse
[fɪˈnes] (托宝 13491/18503 -1)
Vocabulary: finesse
(once / 4456 pages)
n
Having finesse means you can handle difficult situations with diplomacy and tact, like the finesse it takes to help two friends work out their differences — without taking sides or alienating either one.
Finesse is having grace under pressure. It's handling the rantings of an angry customer with a smile and a calm tone. Someone who has finesse says the right thing at the right time — or knows when to say nothing at all. Finesse looks like fineness and in fact comes from the Middle French word that means exactly that — delicate in nature. People with finesse can handle anything — with a delicate approach that really works.
WORD FAMILY
finesse: finesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
All around her there are silences, empty places, held breaths—an extraordinary act of literary finesse.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Fred Ward photographed pop stars, presidents and precious stones with equal finesse.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
“To achieve this product requires a lot of finesse and diplomacy.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 手腕，手段; 技巧，策略; 纤细; 偷牌
vt. 巧妙处理; 以偷牌方式先出; 施巧计; [牌]偷牌
vi. 施展巧计; 偷牌
分布：技巧(56%)，策略(26%)，偷牌(15%)，用计谋处理(3%)
→来自fine, 精细，微妙。用于指策略，手腕。
【记】fine（adj 美好的；优良的；杰出的；精美的）
【区】fineness（n 出色；优良）
【反】heavy-handedness（n 笨手笨脚）；ineptitude（n 不称职；笨拙）
noun uncountable
■great skill or style （高超的）技艺，技巧
• It was a disappointing performance which lacked finesse. 表演者技艺平平，令人失望。
[fɪ'nes] verb transitive
■to deal with a situation or a person in a skilful and often slightly dishonest way 巧妙地应对；用策略对付
• She finessed the interview by playing down her lack of experience and talking about her long-standing interest in the field. 她对自己的经验不足轻描淡写，转而谈论自己对该领域长久以来的兴趣，就这样巧妙地把面试应付过去了。
n. 策略；纤细；灵巧
 - strategy, device, facility

Word: chimp
Front: chimp
[tʃɪmp] (13487/17422)
Back: n. （非洲）黑猩猩
分布：=chimpanzee.(100%)
N-COUNT
同 chimpanzee
A chimp is the same as a chimpanzee .
n. （非洲的）黑猩猩
 - jocko, pongo

Word: ideologically
Front: ideologically
[ˌaɪdɪə'lɒdʒɪklɪ] (13546/15555)
Back: adv. 思想体系上，意识形态上
分布：思想上地(50%)，意识形态上地(50%)
ADJ
思想体系的;意识形态的;观念形态的
Ideological means relating to principles or beliefs.
例：Others left the party for ideological reasons...其他人由于意识形态原因而脱党。
例：The ideological divisions between the parties aren't always obvious.政党之间的意识形态界线并不总是泾渭分明的。
adv. 思想上；意识形态上
 - inwardly

Word: TNT
Front: TNT
[.tiː en 'tiː] (11877/27604)
Back: n. 三硝基甲苯；黄色炸药
分布：三硝基甲苯(75%)，烈性黄色炸药(25%)
noun uncountable
■a powerful yellow explosive substance 梯恩梯，黄色炸药，三硝基甲苯

Word: heavy-duty
Front: heavy-duty
[ˌhevi:ˈdu:ti:,-ˈdju:-] (-1)
Back: adj. 重型的，重载的; 耐用的; 关税重的; 强功率
分布：重型的(50%)，耐用的(50%)
→heavy,重的，duty,职责，责任。比喻用法。
US [-'du:.tˌi] adjective [before noun]
■describes clothing, machinery or equipment that is stronger than usual so that it can be used a lot, especially in difficult conditions （尤指在困难情况下衣服、机器、设备等）坚固的，耐用的
• heavy-duty tools/shoes 坚固的工具／鞋子
adj. 耐用的； [电] [车辆] 重型的，重负荷的
 - service, durable

Word: fluke
Front: fluke
[flu:k] (宝 13510/15994 -1)
Vocabulary: fluke
(once / 4030 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
A fluke is an unexpected stroke of good luck. It was a fluke to find that fifty dollar bill on the ground, and it made you smile for the rest of the day.
The word fluke was first used in 1857 in reference to a lucky shot at billiards. If something good happens to you by chance when you're not expecting it, that's a fluke. The word fluke can also be used in a negative or insulting way. For example, if your favorite sports team loses an important game, you could complain that it was just a fluke that the other team won — meaning they didn't deserve to win and somehow got lucky.
WORD FAMILY
fluke: flukes, flukey, fluky+/fluky: flukiest, flukily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey will be hoping to quickly prove that the Holm fight was a fluke, not the beginning of the end.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Black bass are good on suspending jerkbaits, watermelon flukes and bladed jigs.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Order this: The crudo, which may be scallop one night, or fluke the next.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 侥幸; 锚爪; 偶然事件; 鲽鱼
分布：侥幸(72%)，吸虫(8%)，锚爪(8%)，鲸的尾片(4%)，比目鱼(4%)，偶然的机会(4%)
→词源不详。可能来自lucky改编的英语方言词。
【源】原指：台球中偶然的漂亮一击
【记】luke＝luck（n 运气；幸运）下flake（n 雪片）是一件fluke
【反】expected occurrence（预料中的事）
noun countable usually singular informal
■something good that has happened that is the result of chance instead of skill or planning 侥幸；偶然；意外
• The first goal was just a fluke. 第一个进球只是侥幸命中。
n. 侥幸；锚爪；意外的挫折
 - chance
vt. 侥幸成功；意外受挫
 - get away with it, luck out
vi. 侥幸成功
 - get away with it, luck out

Word: regular-season

Word: hilltop
Front: hilltop
[ˈhɪltɒp] (13506/20014 -1)
Back: n. 小山顶
分布：山顶(100%)
US [-tɑ:p] noun countable
■the top part of a hill, rather than its sloping sides （小山的）山顶

Word: unbroken
Front: unbroken
[ʌnˈbrəʊkən] (托 13515/11175 -1)
Back: adj. 未破损的; 连续的; （土地）未破土的; （马等）未驯服的
分布：不间断的(46%)，未驯服的(18%)，未破的(18%)，未被打扰的(18%)
US [-'broʊ-] adjective
■continuous and with no pauses 连续的；无停顿的
• The Giants winning streak remained unbroken for an impressive nineteen games. 巨人队的连胜纪录保持了19场，令人惊叹。
adj. 未破损的，完整的；继续的；未被阻断的
 - continuing, whole, complete, integrated, full

Word: confluence
Front: confluence
[ˈkɒnfluəns] (托 13507/22175)
Vocabulary: confluence
(once / 4429 pages)
n
Confluence means a flowing together. In a literal sense, it's about rivers. But it's more often used to talk about the coming together of factors or ideas, or of cultures in a diverse city.
Con- means "with," and -fluence sounds like "flow." When things come together like rivers do, flowing from entirely different places, you call that a confluence. If the senior class needs to raise money for a class trip, and the drama club is looking for someone to do concessions during intermission at the school play, that's a confluence of factors.
WORD FAMILY
confluence: confluences+/confluent: confluence, confluently, confluents
USAGE EXAMPLES
The choking first aid posters of yore were a messy confluence of primary colors and a stylized fish skeleton.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
An unusual calendar confluence means consumers are getting a later start on their holiday shopping.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
“It became our way of saying goodbye, essentially. It was a really beautiful confluence of art and life.”
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. <术>（河流的）汇合处; 汇流处; <正>（事物的）汇合; 汇流
分布：汇合(76%)，合流(24%)
→con-, 强调。-flu, 流，见flu, fluent.
汇流(con+flu流＋ence→共同流→汇流)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
汇流(con+flu+ence)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
汇流(con共同+flu流+ence)[-ence表名词"性质,状态"]
【记】con一起，flu流－流到一起－汇流
【参】superfluous（adj 多余的）；affluence（n 富裕，富足）
【反】divergence（n 分歧）
US ['kɑ:n-] specialized
noun countable
■the place where two rivers flow together and become one larger river （河流）汇合处，汇流点
n. （河流的）汇合、汇流点；（人或物的）聚集
 - collection, clustering, gather

Word: tiptoe
Front: tiptoe
[ˈtɪptəʊ] (13538/16864 -1)
Back: n. 脚尖
vi. 踮着脚走
adj. 踮着脚走的; 偷偷摸摸的
adv. 踮着脚地; 小心翼翼地
时态：tiptoed, tiptoeing, tiptoes
分布：脚尖(58%)，用脚尖走(24%)，用脚尖(18%)
→tip,尖点，toe,脚趾。比喻用法。
US [-toʊ] noun
on tiptoe(s)
■on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground 踮着脚尖
• The children stood on tiptoe in order to pick the apples from the tree. 孩子们踮着脚尖从树上摘苹果。
• They walked across the room on tiptoe so as not to waken the baby. 他们蹑手蹑脚地穿过房间，生怕惊醒婴儿。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk on your toes with the heel of your foot lifted off the ground, especially in order not to make a noise 用脚尖走；踮着脚走（脚后跟离开地面，用脚尖行走，尤其是为了避免发出噪音）
• He waited until his daughter was asleep, then tiptoed quietly out of the room. 他等女儿睡着后才蹑手蹑脚地悄悄走出房间。
UK ['tɪp.təʊ] US [-toʊ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  tiptoe round/around sth/sb informal
■to avoid dealing with a difficult subject, problem or person 回避（难应付的话题、问题或人）
• Guy keeps tiptoeing round the problem, instead of confronting it. 盖伊一直在回避，而不是正视这个问题。
adj. 踮着脚走的；偷偷摸摸的
 - hole-and-corner, secretive

Word: stockpile
Front: stockpile
[ˈstɒkpaɪl] (13559/22437 -1)
Vocabulary: stockpile
(once / 3750 pages)
nv
A stockpile is a large amount of something that you save for later. If you're worried about running out of your favorite flavor of bubble gum, you might decide to keep a stockpile of it.
If you hear the word stockpile on the news, it's probably referring to weapons which are accumulated and saved by a country that might need to use them some day in the future. You can use stockpile to describe the actual cache of weapons and also as a verb, to describe the act of storing them. The word was originally a mining term that literally described a pile of ore. During World War II, stockpile became a more general term.
WORD FAMILY
stockpile: stockpiled, stockpiles, stockpiling
USAGE EXAMPLES
To avoid a stockpile of holiday cards, “save only those that are meaningful and special,” Tova Weinstock, a professional organizer in Brooklyn, said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Trade in ivory was banned internationally in 1989, but a loophole allowed southern African countries to hold occasional legal sales of their ivory stockpiles.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Oil fell for the first time in nine sessions in New York after a government report showed U.S. crude stockpiles increased for a second week.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （原料，食品等的）储备，准备急用的备用原料或物资，贮存; 资源，富源，矿藏量; （为战争准备的）核武器
vt. 大量贮备
时态：stockpiled, stockpiling, stockpiles
分布：储备(73%)，储存(17%)，积蓄(8%)，贮藏堆(2%)
→stock,储存，库存，pile,堆积，堆放。
US ['stɑ:k-] noun countable
■a large amount of food, goods or weapons which are kept ready for future use 储备物；囤积物
• They have a stockpile of weapons and ammunition that will last several months. 他们的武器和弹药储备足够支撑好几个月。
UK ['stɒk.paɪl] US ['stɑ:k-] verb transitive
■to store a large supply of something for future use （大量）储备，贮存；囤积
• The rebels have been stockpiling weapons. 叛乱分子一直在储备武器。
n. 库存；积蓄
 - amassment, lay away
vt. 贮存；储蓄
 - squirrel away, save up
vi. 积累；储备物资
 - pile up, get together

Word: saxophone
Front: saxophone
[ˈsæksəfəʊn] (13561/22024 -1)
Vocabulary: saxophone
(once / 6147 pages)
n
A saxophone is a brass instrument that you play by blowing into a mouthpiece and pressing keys to form musical notes. John Coltrane and Charlie Parker (and Lisa Simpson :) were famous saxophone players.
Saxophones are similar to instruments like clarinets, because both use a reed mouthpiece and are considered woodwinds. The saxophone, however, also qualifies as a brass instrument, like the trumpet and the tuba, since it's made out of brass and makes sound through vibrations inside the instrument's body. The word saxophone comes from Antoine Joseph Sax, the Belgian inventor of the saxophone. Sax's father, also named Sax, invented the less successful saxhorn.
WORD FAMILY
saxophone: saxist, saxophones, saxophonist+/saxophonist: saxophonists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Mr. Braith’s mosaic, he is clad in a slick red blazer and carrying his signature Braithophone, alto and soprano saxophones melded into one.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But there’s nothing dated about its sound here, especially as Mr. Harper tears into a tenor saxophone solo, around the five-minute mark.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Each of these two sets on New Year’s Eve will feature Mr. Zorn on alto saxophone, in a guest capacity.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. [乐]萨克斯管
分布：萨克斯管(100%)
→来自法语 saxophone,萨克斯管，来自该乐器发明者 19 世纪比利时乐器师 Antoine Joseph Sax. 该姓氏字面意思为撒克逊人。
US [-foʊn] (informal sax)
noun countable
■a musical instrument made of metal which is played by blowing through a reed and pressing the metal keys to produce notes 萨克管，萨克斯风
n. 萨克斯管
 - sax

Word: crusty
Front: crusty
[ˈkrʌsti] (13502/19036 -1)
Vocabulary: crusty
(once / 5272 pages)
adj
The adjective crusty is good for describing something that is crisp on the outside, like a loaf of French bread.
You can describe something with a crunchy outer layer and a softer inside as crusty, but you can also use the word to mean "crabby" or "ill-tempered." Your mean old neighbor who yells at kids to get off his lawn is crusty, for example. While the literal meaning is older, this "cranky or surly" meaning has been around since the 1500's. The root of both is the Latin crusta, "rind, crust, shell or bark."
WORD FAMILY
crusty: crustier, crustiest, crustily+/ crust: crusted, crusting, crustlike, crusts, crusty, encrust / encrust: encrustation, encrusted, encrusting, encrusts/encrustation: encrustations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Served in the restaurant, the buffet includes fresh carrot, apple-lime and watermelon juices; cheeses and charcuterie; crusty breads; and various sweets.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Scrape the crusty bits from the bottom and turn the mixture to allow other parts to brown.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
She rubbed her crusty eyes as she asked if we had slept well.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 易怒的; 执拗的; 有壳的
n. 硬壳族，脏皮士（生活在常规社会之外、身穿旧衣服到处游逛的英国青年）
级别：crustier, crustiest
分布：暴躁的(55%)，有硬壳的(20%)，有脆皮的(15%)，顽固的(10%)
adjective
HARD LAYER 有硬壳的
■having a hard outer layer 有硬壳的
• fresh, crusty bread 新鲜的脆皮面包
['krʌs.ti] adjective
EASILY ANNOYED 易怒的
■(especially of older people) complaining and easily annoyed （尤指老年人）易怒的，爱抱怨的，脾气坏的
• a crusty old man 坏脾气的老头
['krʌs.ti] noun countable UK informal
■a young person who does not live in a way that society considers normal, typically with untidy or dirty clothes and hair, and no regular job or permanent home 脏皮士（指生活方式不同常人，衣衫褴褛、头发脏乱，没有固定工作和住所的年轻人）
• Lots of crusties came into town for the festival. 许多脏皮士来到镇上欢庆节日。
adj. 易怒的；执拗的； [食品] 有壳的；像外壳一样的
 - difficult, passionate

Word: extremity
Front: extremity
[ɪkˈstreməti] (托 13554/13959)
Vocabulary: extremity
(once / 377 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An extremity is a limb or appendage of the body, particularly the hands and feet. If the weather is cold, you have to be sure to protect your extremities from frostbite by wearing gloves, warm socks, and boots.
The noun extremity also means the outermost point or part — the one that's farthest away. Nauset Light Beach on Cape Cod, for example, is the easternmost extremity in the state of Massachusetts. Extremity can also refer to the greatest degree, especially of an emotion or physical feeling. The extremity of the pain in your ankle might make you realize you should go to the emergency room for x-rays.
WORD FAMILY
extremity: extremities+/ extreme: extremely, extremeness, extremes, extremest, extremism, extremity /extremeness: extremenesses/ extremism: extremisms, extremist / extremist: extremists
USAGE EXAMPLES
There was a moving, human beauty in the extremity of that bond.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
What may jolt even those who supported Mr. Trump is the extremity of Mr. Price’s views on women’s health.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Meanwhile, Turkish and Kurdish democrats are sandwiched between extremities, unable to challenge the insanity of ultranationalism, unable to breathe.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 端点; 尽头; 手和足; 极窘迫的境地
分布：极端(30%)，尽头(21%)，绝境(21%)，极度(16%)，非常手段(9%)，手足.(3%)
非常手段(extreme+ity表名词→极端手段)[extr(e),exter=out表示"出去"]
【记】extreme（adj 尽头的；极端的；极度的n 极端）
【参】extremist（n （在政治上）极端主义者）
US [-ə.tˌi] noun
countable
■the furthest point, especially from the centre 末端的，尽头的；（尤指）离中心最远的
• The wood lies on the southern extremity of the estate. 树林位于庄园的最南边。
extremities [plural] formal
■the parts of the human body furthest from the heart, for example, the fingers, toes and nose （身体的）末处，末梢（如手指、脚趾、鼻子等）
n. 极端；绝境；非常手段；手足
 - radicalness, Desperate Remedies

Word: innovator
Front: innovator
['ɪnəveɪtə(r)] (13500/15575 -1)
Vocabulary: innovator
(once / 5584 pages)
n
Innovators innovate — that is, they create new ideas or ways of doing things. The Wright brothers were the ultimate innovators: they were the first to fly.
The Unites States has a reputation as a country of innovators because, for generations, many of the world's most exciting new ideas came from its people and companies. Alexander Graham Bell, Henry Ford, Mark Zuckerberg: these are just three of the innovators who pioneered whole new technologies and industries. No one had thought the way they did before. Anyone who blazes a trail into new territory can be an innovator — athletes, artists, business people, and chefs, to name just a few.
WORD FAMILY
innovator: innovators+/ innovate: innovated, innovates, innovating, innovation, innovative, innovator / innovation: innovational, innovations/ innovative: innovatively, innovativeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
So with gas prices rising again, seasoned technology innovators see an opportunity to change how people pay at the pump.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
In that era, Mr. Puck was a nonstop innovator.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Rather, we celebrate them as “job creators”, “innovators” and “engineers of economic growth”.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 改革者; 创新者
分布：改革者(91%)，刷新者(9%)
N-COUNT
革新者;创新者
An innovator is someone who introduces changes and new ideas.
例：He is an innovator in this field.他是这个领域里的革新者。
n. 改革者，创新者
 - barner, crusader

Word: ready
Front: ready
[ˈredi] (中高托宝 758/976 -K4)
Vocabulary: ready
(once / 25 pages)
adjnv
If you're ready for something, you're prepared — you're all set to do it. You're not truly ready for bed until you're wearing pajamas and have finished brushing your teeth.
You can be physically ready, like when you grab a towel and sunblock to get ready for a day at the beach, or mentally ready, like when you're ready to rock your algebra test since you studied so much. Other things are ready when they're available, like dinner or a hotel room. If you ready something (or yourself), you prepare for some specific purpose. The Old English ræde meant "prepare a horse for riding," from a root meaning "ride."
WORD FAMILY
ready: readied, readier, readies, readiest, readily, readiness, readying, unready+/unready: unreadily
USAGE EXAMPLES
OVERREACTION: The Packers are ready to duplicate 2010, win three playoff games and the Super Bowl.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He was ready to get his teeth extracted to relieve the pain.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
They learn to rappel down abandoned buildings and hold their rifles steady, ready to fire, while charging across a swampy field.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 准备好的，现成的; 即时的，敏捷的; 情愿的; 即将的
vt. 做好…的准备
adv. 预先; 已完成地
n. 现款
时态：readied, readying, readies
分布：现成的(37%)，准备好的(33%)，乐意的(15%)，情愿的(15%)
→来自古英语 raede,准备好的，准备好上马的，词源同 ride,骑马。
a.(for)准备好的,现成的;甘心的The reader already readily spread the thread on the ready-made bread.那位读者已经欣然将丝线铺散在现成的面包上.
【记】因为ready（adj 有准备的），所以ready（adj 机敏的）
adjective
PREPARED 准备好的
 ESSENTIAL
■prepared and suitable for fast activity 准备好的，有准备的；现成的；方便使用的
• [+ to infinitive] Are you ready to leave? 你准备好离开了吗？
• Are you ready to order, Madam? 现在可以点菜了吗，女士？
• Okay, Evie, ready when you are (= I am ready to do what we have arranged). 好了，埃薇，我都准备好了，就等你了。
• Dinner's ready! 可以吃晚饭了！
• Are you ready? Hurry up - we're late. 准备好了吗？快点——我们都晚了。
• We're leaving at eight o'clock, so you've got half an hour to get ready. 我们八点钟出发，所以你还有半个小时准备。
• The army are said to be ready for action. 据说军队已经做好准备随时采取行动。
• The concert hall was made/got ready (= prepared) for the performance. 音乐厅已为这场演出准备妥当。
ready and waiting
■waiting and prepared to act 准备好并等待着；准备好随时行动
• Secret information allowed the police to be ready and waiting when the robbers came out of the bank. 由于得到秘密线报，警方布下埋伏，等着劫匪从银行出来自投罗网。
ready-to-wear
■(of clothes) produced in standard sizes and not made to fit a particular person （衣服）现成的，标准尺寸的
['red.i] adjective
QUICK 快的
[before noun] mainly approving
■quick with answers, jokes, solutions, etc 快的；机敏的；灵敏的
• He had a ready reply to every question. 他对所有的问题都对答如流。
• He was charming, with a ready wit (= the ability to quickly say clever and funny things). 他很有魅力，而且机智风趣。
['red.i] adjective
be ready to do sth informal
■to be going to do something immediately 马上要；即将要；随时
• I should think you're about ready to collapse after all that walking. 走了那么远的路，我应该想到你要累垮了。
■to be willing to do something 愿意做，乐意做，情愿做
• These men are ready to die for their country. 这些士兵甘愿为国牺牲。
['red.i] adjective
be ready to roll mainly US
■to be going to start soon 就绪；即将发生
• The new TV series from the West Wing team is ready to roll. “白宫风云”小组制作的新电视连续剧即将播放。
■to be going to leave soon 即将离开
• Give me a call when you're ready to roll and I'll meet you outside. 当你准备好要走的时候打电话给我，我会在外面和你会合。
['red.i] adjective
ready to hand UK
■close to you and therefore available for use when necessary 随手可取；随时可用；在手头准备好
• The sheriff slept with his gun ready to hand under his pillow. 治安官睡觉时把枪放在枕头底下，伸手就能拿出来。
['red.i] adjective
Ready , steady , go ! UK saying
■said at the start of a race, especially one for children 各就各位，预备，跑！（尤指用于小孩子们赛跑时）
['red.i] noun
at the ready
■prepared to be used or to act immediately 准备好；可随时使用；可随时采取行动
• He stood by the phone, pencil at the ready. 他准备好了铅笔，站在电话旁。
adj. 准备好；现成的；迅速的；情愿的；快要…的
 - rapid, fast, forward, express, quick
n. 现款；预备好的状态
 - cash, real money
adv. 迅速地；预先
 - quickly, rapidly, in advance, previously, fast
vt. 使准备好
 - prime

Word: limitless
Front: limitless
[ˈlɪmɪtləs] (13518/13891 -1)
Vocabulary: limitless
(once / 3082 pages)
adj
When something is limitless, there's an unending amount or supply of it. If you truly believe there are limitless possibilities in life, you see no limit to what people can achieve.
If the investor funding your business idea says she has limitless financial resources, that means the money will never run out. And if your friend promises limitless supplies of ice cream at her party, she's confident she won't run out. The ocean appears limitless — boundless in size — when you gaze at the horizon, and you may feel limitless amounts of love for the special people in your life. Limitless things have no limit, a word based in the Latin limitem, "boundary."
WORD FAMILY
limitless: limitlessly, limitlessness+/ limit: limitation, limited, limiter, limiting, limitless, limits/ limitation: limitations/ limited: limitedly, limiteds, self-limited, unlimited/limiter: limiters/unlimited: unlimitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe it was the District’s career-first attitude and the limitless appetite for getting ahead.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Startups Reckon with Austerity-ish: After two years of seemingly limitless funding for young technology companies, there was a marked retrenchment this year.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The English Premier League is discovering this was not just bluster and bravado from a player with seemingly limitless amounts of self-confidence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限制的; 无界限的; 一望无际的; 无限期的
分布：无限的(96%)，无界限的(4%)
adjective
■without limit 无限的，没有界限的；无止境的
• the limitless sky 一望无际的天空
• The minister said that the days of limitless spending were over. 部长称毫无节制地花钱的日子结束了。
adj. 无限制的；无界限的
 - unlimited, interminate

Word: melodic
Front: melodic
[məˈlɒdɪk] (托 13564/13308 -1)
Vocabulary: melodic
(once / 6600 pages)
adj
Something that's tuneful or pretty to listen to is melodic. If your French teacher has a friendly smile and a melodic voice, you could probably sit and listen to her talk for hours.
Anything sweet sounding — a bird's trill, a poet's voice, or the tune you sing in the shower — is melodic. A more technical meaning of the word is "containing melody," the definition a professional musician might use. Melody is a quality of music defined as "tunefulness" or "a satisfying series of notes." Music teachers play melodic patterns for their students to duplicate, and composers sometimes combine melodic phrases to form a symphony. The Greek root of melodic is melos, or "song."
WORD FAMILY
melodic: melodically, melodise, unmelodic
USAGE EXAMPLES
PWR BTTM, the melodic and theatrical punk duo of Liv Bruce and Ben Hopkins, are masters of presentation.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The emphasis must always be on the overall sweep, on the melodic line and phrasing.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Her songs are straightforward, driving and melodic, with some lightly surreal storytelling but little of the dissonance of her old band.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 有旋律的; 调子美妙的
分布：旋律的(75%)，旋律优美的(25%)
→来自melody,韵律，旋律。即有旋律的，引申词义悦耳的。
US [-'lɑ:.dɪk] adjective
■very pleasant to listen to 旋律优美的，悦耳的
■relating to the melody in a piece of music 旋律（上）的
adj. 有旋律的；音调优美的
 - canorous, tuneful

Word: striker
Front: striker
[ˈstraɪkə(r)] (13563/4067 -2)
Back: n. 罢工者; 打击者，打手; （足球的）前锋; 锤，报点时钟
分布：罢工者(67%)，钟锤(22%)，鱼叉(11%)
→strike,踢，-er,人，
US [-kɚ] noun countable
STOP WORK 罢工
■someone who is involved in a strike 罢工者
• Many people sympathize with the strikers. 许多人同情罢工者。
UK ['straɪ.kər] US [-kɚ] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a player in a game such as football whose main purpose is to try to score goals rather than to prevent the opposing team from scoring （足球比赛等中的）前锋
• The club's new manager is a former England striker. 俱乐部的新任总教练以前是英格兰队的前锋。
• The 24-year-old striker scored 35 goals for Newcastle United last season. 上个赛季，这位24岁的前锋为纽卡素联队打进35个得分球。
n. 罢工者；打击者； [军] 撞针；钟锤；叉鱼的人
 - smiter, hitter

Word: despair
Front: despair
[dɪˈspeə(r)] (研四六雅 5427/4747 -2)
Vocabulary: despair
(once / 117 pages)
nv
Despair is the feeling of not having any hope left. If you completely forgot to study for your final exam in math, you might feel despair when your teacher passes out the test.
Despair can also refer to someone or something that causes you to worry or be sad. Unfortunately, some children are the despair of their parents. The verb despair means to lose hope. Despair is from Latin desperare "to be without hope," from the prefix de- "without" plus sperare "to hope," from spes "hope."
WORD FAMILY
despair: despaired, despairing, despairs+/despairing: despairingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I scrolled back through the last 12 months of columns, as journalists do this time of year, and thought I’d found mostly reasons for despair.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The election of Mr. Trump left climate activists and environmental groups in despair.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
If an hour or more of intense exercise seems daunting — and it does to me — don’t despair.
New York Times(Jun 15, 2016)
Back: n. 绝望; 使人绝望的人（或事物）
vi. 绝望
时态：despaired, despairing, despairs
分布：绝望(84%)，失望(16%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。-spair, 希望，词源同speed, prosper. 即没有希望的，绝望。
绝望(de去掉+spair[=sper希望])[Sper=hope,表示"希望"]
n.绝望;失望;令人失望的人(事物)v.绝望I deliberately liberated the man who was in despair and desperately struggled for liberation and liberty.我有意解放了那个拼命地争取解放和自由的绝望者.
【记】de去掉，spair＝sper希望
【参】desperado（n 暴徒；早期美国西部的亡命之徒）；desperate（adj 不顾一切的；拚死的；令人绝望的）
US [-'sper] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■the feeling that there is no hope and that you can do nothing to improve a difficult or worrying situation 绝望
• a mood/sense of despair 绝望的情绪／感觉
• They're in (the depths of) despair over/about the money they've lost. 他们对找回丢失的钱已经不抱（任何）希望了。
• To her teacher's despair, Nicole never does the work that she's told to do. 妮歌从不做功课，这让她的老师感到非常失望。
• Their fourth year without rain drove many farmers to (= caused them to feel) despair. 第四年仍然没有雨水，让许多农民感到非常绝望。
be the despair of sb
■to cause someone such difficulties that they do not know how to deal with you 成为（某人）的心病，使（某人）头痛
• He's the despair of his parents because he shows no interest in getting a job. 他对找工作没有任何兴趣，让父母感到非常头痛。
UK [dɪ'speər] US [-'sper] verb intransitive
■to feel despair about something or someone 绝望；失去希望
• Don't despair! We'll find a way out! 不要绝望！我们会想到办法的！
• I despair at/over the policies of this government. 我对该政府的政策感到失望。
• They began to despair of ever being rescued. 他们开始对获救失去了希望。
disappointment, despair, desperation, depression
这组词都有“绝望、沮丧”的意思，其区别是：
disappointment: 多指愿望或期望的落空。
despair: 普通用词，指因灾难等因素而丧失希望和信心，陷入沮丧，绝望的境地。
desperation: 语气强烈，指因绝望而使人采取无所顾忌的疯狂行动。
depression: 侧重指因遭受重大失利或挫折而产生的低落情绪。
n. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事
 - hopelessness, acedia
vi. 绝望，丧失信心
 - throw up one's hands, lose heart

Word: Creole
Front: Creole
[ˈkriːəʊl] (13569/10979 -1)
Back: n. 克里奥尔人; 克里奥耳语; 路易斯安那州的法国移民的后裔
adj. 克里奥尔人的; 克里奥尔语的; 克里奥耳式法语的
分布：克利奥尔人的(44%)，克利奥尔语的(28%)，克利奥尔式法语的(28%)
→词源同create, 创造。原指欧洲殖民者，特别是西班牙人在南美，加勒比海区域与当地人生育的后代，后来也指这些后代所使用的语言，比较pidgin, Tok Pisin.
US [-'oʊl] noun
countable or uncountable
■a language that has developed from a mixture of languages （多种语言混合形成的）混合语
• creole-speaking tribes 讲混合语的部落

Word: informational
Front: informational
[ˌɪnfə'meɪʃənl] (13536/21762)
Back: adj. 报告的，情报的
分布：信息的(88%)，介绍情况的(12%)
US [-fɚ] adjective
■containing information 含有资讯的，包含资料的
adj. 情报的；报告的；新闻的
 - reported

Word: kidnapper
Front: kidnapper
['kɪdnæpə(r)] (13537/13191)
Back: n. 拐子，绑匪
分布：绑架者(92%)，拐骗者(8%)
VERB
劫持；绑架
To kidnap someone is to take them away illegally and by force, and usually to hold them prisoner in order to demand something from their family, employer, or government.
例：Police in Brazil uncovered a plot to kidnap him...巴西警方发现了有人要绑架他的阴谋。
例：They were intelligent and educated, yet they chose to kidnap and kill...他们聪明且有教养，却选择去绑架和杀人。
N-VAR
绑架罪
Kidnap or a kidnap is the crime of taking someone away by force.
例：Stewart denies attempted murder and kidnap...斯图尔特否认对其谋杀未遂和绑架的指控。
例：He was charged with the kidnap of a 25 year-old woman.他被指控绑架一名25岁的女子。
n. 绑匪；诱拐者
 - abductor

Word: pre-existing
Front: pre-existing
[ˌpri:ɪg'zɪstɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 先已存在的，早已存在的，业已存在的
分布：先存在的(50%)，先发生的(50%)
ADJ
先前存在的；先于…而存在的
A pre-existing situation or thing exists already or existed before something else.
例：...the pre-existing tensions between the two countries.两国之间已经存在的紧张局势
例：...people who have been infected in the course of their NHS treatment for a pre-existing illness.因已患疾病接受国民健康保障治疗但在治疗过程中被感染的人

Word: rowing
Front: rowing
[ˈrəʊɪŋ] (13556/10192 -1)
Back: n. 划（船）; 赛艇运动
v. 划船(row的现在分词)
分布：名词(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
划船（运动）
Rowing is a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars.
例：...competitions in rowing, swimming and water skiing.划船、游泳和滑水比赛
n. 划船；赛艇运动
 - boating
v. 划；使成行；争吵（row的现在分词）
 - arguing, wrangling

Word: hegemonic
Front: hegemonic
[ˌheɡɪ'mɒnɪk] (13606/27524)
Back: adj. 支配的，霸权的
分布：支配的(60%)，掌握霸权的(40%)
adj. 霸权的；支配的
 - dominant, ruling

Word: forecaster
Front: forecaster
[ˈfɔ:kɑ:stə(r)] (13574/25469)
Back: n. 预报员
分布：预测者(100%)
US ['fɔ:r.kæs.tɚ] noun countable
■a person who tells you what particular conditions are expected to be like 预测者
• an economic forecaster 经济预测专家
• a weather forecaster 天气预报员

Word: complicity
Front: complicity
[kəmˈplɪsəti] (托宝 13525/14713 -1)
Vocabulary: complicity
(once / 3491 pages)
n
Complicity is involvement in a wrongful act — like when you drove your newly-turned-vegetarian friend to a fast food joint so that she could scarf down a hamburger.
Complicity refers to the act of helping someone else behave inappropriately or illegally. If you find yourself accused of complicity, it's often helpful to show that you were unaware of the other person's intentions. In the case of the trip to the fast food restaurant, that's going to be hard to prove. You'll probably be scorned for being an accomplice, or someone who is complicit, in your friend's shameful act.
WORD FAMILY
complicity: complicities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also found “official complicity in human trafficking.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
News outlets report that 37-year-old Lebruce B. Ellington pleaded guilty Wednesday to seven felony counts, including two counts of complicity to murder.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
As we eulogize the dead of Aleppo, we must acknowledge the United States’ complicity in this tragedy.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 合谋，串通; 共犯; 牵连
分布：共谋(57%)，串通(43%)
→com-, 强调。-plic, 编织，组成，词源apply,implicate. 即卷进去的，同谋。
同谋关系(com共同+plic+ity→共同重叠→同谋关系)[plic,pli,ply=fold,表示"重叠,折叠"]
【记】com共同，plic重叠，ity表状态－共同重叠的状态，也就是证词都一样的状态，一定是串通好了com共同，pli＝play玩，city城市：本拉登就是和一帮亡命之徒串通好了，把纽约城给玩了。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■involvement in a crime or some activity that is wrong 同谋；共犯；串通
• She is suspected of complicity in the fraud. 她涉嫌参与了这宗诈骗案。
n. 共谋；串通；共犯关系
 - conspiracy, collusion

Word: puzzling
Front: puzzling
['pʌzlɪŋ] (托 13539/13872)
Vocabulary: puzzling
(once / 1485 pages)
adj
Something that's puzzling is confusing, or hard to understand. It might seem puzzling to you that your best friend claims to hate doughnuts.
People sometimes act in puzzling ways, making decisions that you can't comprehend. You might also come across particularly puzzling questions on a test or quiz — these are the hard ones, taking a long time to figure out and requiring a lot of thought. Puzzling comes from the verb puzzle, whose origin is a bit of a puzzle itself. Some experts guess that it comes from pose, formed the way nuzzle is from nose.
WORD FAMILY
puzzling: puzzlingly+/ puzzle: puzzled, puzzlement, puzzler, puzzles, puzzling / puzzled: puzzledly/ puzzlement: puzzlements/ puzzler: puzzlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why Moscow felt it worth the risk of meddling in a presidential election is puzzling.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Some are just plain puzzling: El Salvador used to promote itself as the 45-Minute Country.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Why this problem was not solved long ago is puzzling, Dr. Masters said.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 使为难的，费解的，令人困惑的
v. 使迷惑，使难解( puzzle的现在分词 ); 为难，伤脑筋，苦思
分布：令人迷惑的(59%)，莫名其妙的(23%)，茫然不知所措的(9%)，动词puzzle的现在分词.(9%)
/'-lɪŋ] adjective
■difficult to explain or understand 令人迷惑的，令人不解的
• It's a rather puzzling film. 这是一部很难懂的电影。
• a puzzling situation 令人不解的情形
adj. 使迷惑的；使莫明其妙的
 - delusive
v. 使迷惑（puzzle的ing形式）
 - confusing, enchanting

Word: cautionary
Front: cautionary
[ˈkɔ:ʃənəri] (宝 13544/19459 -1)
Vocabulary: cautionary
(once / 8730 pages)
adj
When something is cautionary, it’s meant to be a warning to you. Your parents might be fond of telling cautionary tales, like the one about the girl who got electrocuted sticking a knife into the toaster.
While driving, look for cautionary signs warning you of potential danger: falling rocks, kids crossing, hidden driveway. You might use cautionary words: “Watch your step! There’s glass all over the floor!” Don’t confuse cautionary with cautious, which means trying to avoid danger. Tell a cautionary tale about someone drowning because he swam too far out into the ocean and an overly cautious kid might decide never to swim again.
WORD FAMILY
caution: cautionary, cautioned, cautioning, cautions, cautious, incaution, precaution +/ cautious: cautiously, cautiousness, incautious, overcautious/ incautious: incautiously, incautiousness/overcautious: overcautiously/ precaution: precautional, precautionary, precautions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey’s dominance then difficulty should serve as a cautionary tale to fighters everywhere.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
This serves as a cautionary tale for medical professionals, journalists, and laypeople alike to resist clinical indictments based on hearsay, if not outright imagination.
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Today, it’s seen as a cautionary tale at best, and a fraud at worst.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 警告的; 提醒注意的; 告诫的; <英>担保的
分布：警告的(63%)，警戒的(37%)
US ['kɑ:.ʃən.er.i] formal
adjective
■giving a warning 警告性的；劝告的
adj. 警告的；劝诫的
 - warning, admonitory

Word: immunization
Front: immunization
[ˌɪmjʊnaɪ'zeɪʃn] (13077/36698)
Back: n. 免疫
分布：免疫(100%)
VERB
(常指通过注射疫苗)使免疫
If people or animals are immunized, they are made immune to a particular disease, often by being given an injection.
例：We should require that every student is immunized against hepatitis B...我们应要求每个学生都注射乙肝疫苗。
例：The monkeys had been immunized with a vaccine made from infected cells...这些猴子已经注射了由受感染的细胞培养而成的疫苗。