Title: COCA-1W6-1W8 (part 2)

Word: singularity
Front: singularity
[ˌsɪŋgjuˈlærəti] (宝 16837/10975)
Vocabulary: singularity
(once / 3855 pages)
n
The singularity of something is a quality that's unusual or unique. You might note the singularity of a Hollywood movie that features a female lead role and no romance, for example.
You can use the noun singularity when something is literally "one of a kind," like your grandmother's strange macrame wall art, or to mean exceptional or striking, like your nephew's bright red hair. He stands out among the other kindergartners, so his hair has a singularity, though he's not the only red-headed kid in the world. The Latin root is singularis, which means "single or solitary."
WORD FAMILY
singularity: singularities+/ singular: singularise, singularity, singularize, singularly, singulars/singularize: singularizes, singularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The mark of the writer is . . . nothing more than the singularity of his absence,” Weinberger writes, later in the piece.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
Already the centre has prompted exciting insights on the reality of naked singularities in space-time, the prospects for imaging black-hole silhouettes and the information paradox.
Nature(Nov 01, 2016)
All the vitality and hope that had vanished into the singularity slammed back into him so hard his whole body trembled.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. <正>异常; 奇怪; 奇特; 奇点
分布：奇异(98%)，单独(2%)
→singular,奇特的，奇异的，-ity,名词后缀。
US [-'ler.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the quality of being strange 奇怪，古怪
• He has been behaving with great singularity. 他的举止一直都相当怪异。
n. [数] 奇异；奇点；突出；稀有
 - projection, oddity

Word: unsuitable
Front: unsuitable
[ʌnˈsu:təbl] (四六 16738/6860 -1)
Vocabulary: unsuitable
(once / 2651 pages)
adj
Something that's unsuitable doesn't work well or is out of place. A kitchen knife is unsuitable for sawing firewood.
You can use the adjective unsuitable to describe something that isn't well suited for a use: flip flops are unsuitable shoes to wear in a blizzard. It's also a good word for something that's disappointing or undesirable: "No, that guy in the clown suit would be a completely unsuitable boyfriend for me." At the root of unsuitable is the meaning of suit, "be agreeable or convenient," that's thought to come from "provide a suit of clothes."
WORD FAMILY
unsuitable: unsuitability, unsuitableness, unsuitably+/countersuit: countersuits/ suit: countersuit, suitable, suited, suiting, suits/ suitable: suitability, suitableness, suitabler, suitablest, suitably, unsuitable /suitableness: suitablenesses/suited: suiteder, unsuited/suiting: suitings/unsuitability: unsuitabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It underwent so many renovations that it was deemed unsuitable for the movie.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Midazolam is a valium-like drug its critics contend does not achieve the level of unconsciousness required for surgery and is therefore unsuitable for executions.
Reuters(Dec 20, 2016)
The contentious land was an alligator-infested swamp, cut off from Disney World by a highway and unsuitable for another theme park.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 不合适的，不适宜的，不相称的; 锄悟难入; 不当
分布：不合适的(71%)，不适宜的(29%)
US [-'su:.tˌə-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■not acceptable or right for someone or something; not suitable 不适宜的；不合适的
• The software blocks material that is unsuitable for children. 这个软体会封锁不适宜儿童观看的内容。
adj. 不适合的；不适宜的；不相称的
 - inappropriate, inadaptable

Word: flooded
Front: flooded
[ˈflʌdɪd] (16749/19825)
Vocabulary: flooded
(once / 946 pages)
adj
Something flooded is overflowing with water. A flooded river bursts over its banks, covering the surrounding land.
If your basement is flooded, it's full of water, and anything you keep down there is floating around in it. Entire towns can be flooded as well, particularly coastal cities during torrential storms like hurricanes. You can also describe someone's eyes brimming with tears as flooded. The word comes from flood, which has an Old English root, flōd, "tide, deluge, sea, or wave."
WORD FAMILY
flood: flooded, flooding, floods+/flooding: floodings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thousands of Penn State students flooded the postcard downtown in State College, Pa., that night to protest the decision.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The precinct was also one of the high-crime areas that the department flooded with its newest officers.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Meanwhile, a car carrying two tourists near Alice Springs was washed off a road into a flooded creek.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 被水淹的
v. （使）充斥( flood的过去式和过去分词 ); 大量涌来; （使）为水淹没; 使大受感动
分布：动词(100%)
adjective
WATER 水
■covered with water 被水淹没的
• flooded fields 被淹没的田地
['flʌd.ɪd] adjective
FULL OF 有大量…的
■containing a large amount or number of something 有大量…的，充斥着…的
• The market is flooded with cheap imports. 市场上充斥着廉价进口货。
adj. 浸没的，淹没的；充斥；洪水浸没的；灌溉
 - submersed
v. 淹没（flood的过去分词）；发生水灾
 - drowned

Word: cold-blooded
Front: cold-blooded
[kəʊld 'blʌdɪd] (宝)
Vocabulary: cold-blooded
(once / 3088 pages)
adj
A cold-blooded animal has a body temperature that varies along with the outdoor temperature, and a cold-blooded person is someone who seems to feel no emotions. Your pet lizard may love you, but she's still cold-blooded.
During a hot, sunny day, a cold-blooded animal like a snake experiences a rise in body temperature, which it can only moderate by finding a shady spot to hide. When the sun goes down at night, a snake's body temperature falls. Cold-blooded people, on the other hand, regulate their body temperature even when it's chilly outside, like other warm-blooded animals. They're cruel and unfeeling, though. This meaning comes from the old-fashioned belief that blood temperature rises with emotion.
WORD FAMILY
cold-blooded: cold-bloodedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Monday, in a shocking, cold-blooded assassination, the Russian ambassador to Turkey was shot dead in a gallery in Ankara.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
“I think the defendant’s cold-blooded actions here were just devastating to that family.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
You thank God that you’re dealing with a narcissist, not a cold-blooded killer.
Slate(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 冷酷的; 冷血的; <口>怕冷的; 不动感情的
分布：无情的(100%)
US [ˌkoʊld-] adjective
■describes animals that can only control their body heat by taking in heat from the outside or by being very active （动物）冷血的
• Snakes and lizards are cold-blooded animals. 蛇和蜥蜴都是冷血动物。
Compare warm-blooded behaving in a very cruel way with no sympathy for other people 冷酷无情的，残忍的
• a cold-blooded murder 残忍的谋杀
adj. [生理] 冷血的；残酷的，无情的；怕冷的
 - cruel, iron

Word: clothesline
Front: clothesline
['kləʊðzlaɪn] (16876/-)
Back: n. 晒衣绳; 猛然的平直球; 抱颈阻截
v. 伸臂抱颈阻截
分布：晾衣绳(100%)
N-COUNT
晾衣绳
A clothesline is a thin rope on which you hang washing so that it can dry.
例：He hung his clothes out to dry on the clothesline across the doorway.他把衣服挂在门口的晾衣绳上晾干。

Word: daze
Front: daze
[deɪz] (托宝 16871/21479)
Vocabulary: daze
(once / 767 pages)
nv
A daze is a type of confusion, when you have a lack of clarity. When you first wake up, you might be in a bit of a daze, shuffling about the house before your brain really starts working.
Daze can also mean the feeling of distress and disbelief that you have when something bad happens to you accidentally: "After getting hit in the head by a football, you were in such a daze you couldn't remember where you were." As a verb, daze means to stun. You will definitely daze your father when you tell him that you eloped.
WORD FAMILY
daze: dazed, dazes, dazing+/dazed: dazedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For a moment, the rowdy Alabamians filling the Georgia Dome sat in dazed quiet.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Dazed church officials wondered around in their black robes.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Surveillance camera footage showed Zhang, looking dazed near train tracks, and then struck by the train.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（某人）迷乱而不能做出正确反应，使茫然; 使（某人）惊奇与迷惑
时态：dazed, dazing, dazes
分布：恍惚(68%)，晕眩(14%)，使 ... 茫然(9%)，使 ... 眩目(9%)
→可能同dizzy.
noun
in a daze
■unable to think clearly 使茫茫然，使发呆，使晕头转向
• She was wandering around in a daze this morning. 今天早上她神情恍惚地四处游荡。
vt. 使茫然；使眼花缭乱；使晕眩
 - bedaze, bemuse
n. 迷乱，眼花缭乱
 - bewilderment

Word: delinquent
Front: delinquent
[dɪˈlɪŋkwənt] (宝 13568/16764 -1)
Vocabulary: delinquent
(once / 1495 pages)
nadj
The adjective delinquent describes something that is past due or people who are negligent in doing their duty. If you are delinquent in paying your delinquent library fines, you won't be able to check out any more books.
You may have heard the term juvenile delinquent, which refers to a young (juvenile) person who gets in trouble, often with the law, but people of any age can be delinquent. A delinquent landlord is one who doesn't make repairs. A delinquent tenant is one who does not pay his rent.
WORD FAMILY
delinquent: delinquency, delinquents+/ delinquency: delinquencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Congress considered bills to prevent the IRS from hiring or retaining people delinquent in their tax payments.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Others refused to discuss helping a borrower until they were 90 days delinquent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Real estate taxes hold super priority lien status above all other claims, and the delinquent taxes accrue interest at 14 percent.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不尽责的，怠工的; 有过失的; 拖欠债务的
n. 流氓; 少年罪犯; 失职者
分布：拖欠的(26%)，有过失的(20%)，少年犯(16%)，失职的(16%)，怠忽的(13%)，行为不良的人(9%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-linqu, 留下，遗弃，词源同leave, relinquish. 即被遗弃的人，缺乏管教的人，后主要指少年犯，不良青少年。
有过失的,犯法的(de一再+linqu+ent→一再离开[正道]→有过失)[linqu=leave,表示"离开"]
【记】linqu＝linger闲荡－不好好工作，却在闲荡－失职de一种卑劣的行为，lin林，quent读：困她：不好好工作，却在小树林里用一种卑劣的行为困住她－失职
【参】delinquency（n 失职，罪行）＝misdeed
noun countable
■a person, usually young, who behaves in a way that is illegal or not acceptable to most people （通常指年轻的）违法者；不良青少年
• juvenile delinquents 不良少年
[dɪ'lɪŋ.kwənt] adjective
■being or behaving in ways that are illegal or not acceptable 不良的；违法的
• delinquent teenagers 不良青少年
• They are carrying out research on the causes of delinquent behaviour among young people. 他们正在研究青少年违法行为的产生原因。
■US formal
■late (in paying money owed) 迟付欠款的，未按时还款的，拖欠的
• She has been delinquent in paying her taxes. 她一直没有按时纳税。
adj. 有过失的；怠忽的；拖欠债务的
 - blameable, peccant
n. 流氓；行为不良的人；失职者
 - swashbuckler, rapscallion

Word: eight-year

Word: mercifully
Front: mercifully
[ˈmɜ:sɪfəli] (16737/14841 -1)
Back: adv. 幸运地; 宽厚地; 仁慈地
分布：仁慈地(63%)，宽厚地(25%)，幸好(12%)
ADV
幸运地;有福气地;幸好
You can use mercifully to show that you are glad that something good has happened, or that something bad has not happened or has stopped.
例：Mercifully, a friend came to the rescue...幸好一个朋友赶来解了围。
例：Bolivia has been mercifully free of large-scale, drug-related violence.幸运的是，玻利维亚没有发生过与毒品有关的大规模暴力事件。
adv. 仁慈地
 - benevolently, kindly

Word: bedspread
Front: bedspread
[ˈbedspred] (16870/24930)
Back: n. 床罩
分布：床罩(63%)，床单(37%)
noun countable
■a decorative cover put on a bed, on top of sheets and blankets 床罩
n. 床罩；床单
 - sheet, counterpane

Word: exalted
Front: exalted
[ɪgˈzɔ:ltɪd] (托 16758/18528 -1)
Vocabulary: exalted
(once / 491 pages)
adj
Use the adjective exalted to describe something (or someone) that is raised in rank, value, or power. Which group has the most exalted status at your high school depends on who you ask. If you ask music kids, they may say marching band. If you ask a football player...
Exalted goes back to Latin exaltare, combining ex "up" and altus "high." You may not have an exalted position at school — maybe you're even one of the peons who isn't going to have a full-page spread dedicated to their achievements in the yearbook — but you'll always have an exalted role in your family, where your quiet humor and up-for-everything attitude brings your siblings together.
WORD FAMILY
exalted: exalteder, exaltedly+/ exalt: exaltation, exalted, exalting, exalts/ exaltation: exaltations/exalting: exaltingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now is the time to embrace that exalted status.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The intention was surely to enjoy nights on such an exalted stage more than this but instead the impression persists of accelerating poor form.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
At fairly routine intervals, fashion lifts fat people, prepubescent children, sexual outliers and now, with increasing frequency, old people to an exalted chic.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 高贵的; 高尚的，崇高的; 意气风发的; 兴奋的，得意洋洋的
v. 赞扬( exalt的过去式和过去分词)，歌颂; 提升，提拔; 使激动
分布：高尚的(55%)，欣喜的(23%)，高位的(11%)，动词exalt的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
高贵的;被赞扬的[alt=high,表示"高"]
US [-'zɑ:l.tˌɪd] adjective
IMPORTANT 重要
■An exalted position in an organization is a very important one 重要的，显赫的（地位）
• She rose to the exalted post of Foreign Secretary. 她升到了外交部长这个崇高的位置。
UK [ɪg'zɑl.tɪd] US [-'zɑ:l.tˌɪd] adjective
HAPPY 快乐的 formal
■extremely happy 兴高采烈的；得意洋洋的
adj. 高尚的；尊贵的；兴奋的
 - magnificent, noble

Word: kale
Front: kale
[keɪl] (16822/43677)
Vocabulary: kale
(once / 8834 pages)
1n 2n
Kale is a green leafy vegetable that's a close relative of cabbage and broccoli. Kale is tough and bitter when raw, but it can be yummy when you prepare it the right way.
If you're a fan of green smoothies, there's almost certainly some kale in them. Marinating kale, roasting it with olive oil and salt, and throwing it in a stir fry are all great ways to make kale tasty. Long ago, kale was also a slang term for "money," as in, "Hand over the kale, sweetheart, and nobody gets hurt." Kale comes from a Scottish variation on cole, which meant "cabbage" in Middle English.
WORD FAMILY
kale: kales
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it’s unlikely that kale chips will become more delicious than pizza.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Other names include white beet, strawberry spinach, seakale beet, leaf beet, Sicilian beet, spinach beet, Chilean beet, Roman kale and silverbeet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those may include strawberries, bananas, blueberries, Greek yogurt, apples, kiwi or kale.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 羽衣甘蓝; 无头甘蓝
分布：甘蓝类蔬菜(100%)
→来自cole苏格兰拼写变体，白菜，词源同collard,coleslaw,cauliflower.
noun uncountable
■a type of cabbage with green or purple tightly curled leaves 羽衣甘蓝
n. [植] 羽衣甘蓝；蔬菜汤
 - collard, vegetable soup

Word: stalker
Front: stalker
[ˈstɔ:kə(r)] (16890/26843)
Vocabulary: stalker
(once / 16326 pages)
n
You might joke about your neighborhood stalker who always seems to know where you've been and what time you get home from work every day, but it can actually be a little creepy to know that someone's watching you.
A stalker can describe anyone who sneaks around, but it usually means a person who follows one specific individual obsessively. The word wasn't used this way until the early 1990s. Before that, it was mostly used interchangeably with "poacher" to mean "someone who pursues and steals game animals." The Old English word stelan lead to the English word steal, which is most likely the root of stalk.
WORD FAMILY
stalker: stalkers+/ stalk: stalked, stalker, stalking, stalkless, stalks/ stalking: stalkings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Perfect Stalker Danielle Savre and Jefferson Brown star in this new thriller about a mentally unstable woman who becomes obsessed with her new neighbor.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
I considered my sixth grade English class and Poe’s light-footed night stalker.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
As the Stalker, as he is called, Jorge Paniagua does much the same, with a sprinkling of menace on top.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 网子的一种; 高视阔步者; 暗恋者; 暗恋别人的人
分布：跟踪者(51%)，高视阔步者(37%)，打猎者(12%)
→stalk,跟踪，盯梢，-er,人。
US ['stɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who illegally follows and watches someone, especially a woman, over a period of time 跟踪者；（尤指）跟踪骚扰女性者
• Several well-known women have been troubled by stalkers recently. 最近有几位知名的女性遭人跟踪骚扰。

Word: unitary
Front: unitary
[ˈju:nətri] (16824/10376 -1)
Vocabulary: unitary
(once / 23452 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective unitary to describe something that has or desires unity, or oneness.
Just as the United States are joined together as one, words such as united and unity have to do with oneness or coming together into a single entity. The same is true of unitary. A unitary concert brings different kinds of music together. Unitary philosophy deals with how everything is part of a whole. There are many technical uses of this word, but they all have to do with uniting something.
WORD FAMILY
unitary
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is not in U.S. interests to help anyone on either side create a unitary state.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Because my characters’ eyes can be sharper than mine, since my own identity has no lock on a unitary or objective way of seeing things.
The Guardian(Oct 01, 2016)
While defining the Islamic State threat as unitary helps provide much needed structure and logic to American counterterrorism strategy, it also causes conceptual confusion.
US News(Aug 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 单一的; 单位的; 整体的; 一元
分布：单一的(75%)，单位的(14%)，整体的(11%)
→来自unite, 集合，集中。
US [-ter.i] UK
adjective
■of a system of local government in the UK in which official power is given to one organization which deals with all matters in a local area instead of to several organizations which each deal with only a few matters （英国地方政府）集权制的，单一自治体的
• Wales will be divided into 21 unitary authorities instead of eight counties and 37 districts. 威尔士将被划分为21个单一自治体，以取代8郡、37个地区的行政区划。
adj. 单一的；统一的；单位的
 - single, unified

Word: tirade
Front: tirade
[taɪˈreɪd] (宝 16772/19294)
Vocabulary: tirade
(once / 4082 pages)
n
A tirade is a speech, usually consisting of a long string of violent, emotionally charged words. Borrow and lose your roommate’s clothes one too many times, and you can bet you’ll be treated to a heated tirade.
The noun tirade is related to the Italian word tirata, which means "volley." So imagine a very angry person lobbing harsh words and strings of profanity in your direction when you want to remember what tirade means. Although, tirades don't necessarily have to include bad words — any long, drawn out speech or epic declaration can be called a tirade.
WORD FAMILY
tirade: tirades
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Secretary Kerry’s speech today was at best a pointless tirade in the waning days of an outgoing administration,” said Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Detroit’s fiery rapper got political on his latest drop, a searing eight-minute tirade titled “Campaign Speech.”
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Still, those words provide a notion of Trump’s self-image and, in conjunction with his Twitter tirades, a rough contour of his China strategy.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 激烈的长篇指责或演说
分布：长篇的攻击性演说(100%)
→来自法语 tirade,齐射，猛拉，长篇演讲，来自 tirer,拉，拉长，来自 der,撕，撕开，词源 同 tear,tier,tire.引申词义抨击，严厉批评，特指长篇大论的连续批评。
很长的演说(tir+ade→把[话]拉长→很长的演说)[tir=draw,表示"拉"]
【记】tir＝tire类，ade进攻性－类而有进攻性的演说－长篇攻击性愤怒演说
【反】dispassionate speech（心平气和的演说）
US ['taɪ.reɪd] noun countable
■a long angry speech expressing strong disapproval 长篇抨击性演说
• She launched into an angry/furious tirade about how she had been unfairly treated. 她就自己遭受的不公正对待，进行了长时间的愤怒控诉。
• In a furious tirade of abuse, the opposition spokesperson demanded the minister's resignation. 在措词激烈的长篇指责中，反对党发言人要求这位部长辞职。

Word: irate
Front: irate
[aɪˈreɪt] (宝 16784/18773)
Vocabulary: irate
(once / 4040 pages)
adj
On the anger scale, first comes annoyed, then vexed, then irate. When cartoon characters are irate, they're so mad that smoke comes out of their ears.
The first syllable of irate is ir for ire, related to the Greek word oistros which means "thing causing madness." An irate investor might sell all his or her stock in a company. Let's hope you thanked your aunt for the birthday check — otherwise you might get an irate phone call from her. When your mother is irate, you'd best get out of the way, and get busy cleaning your room.
WORD FAMILY
irate: irately
USAGE EXAMPLES
Monday after an inmate in maximum security became irate.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Suspecting a prank, the narrator shoots off an irate note to “Virtual Library.”
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
One irate parent confronts the pastor and says, “It’s not your decision for me to tell my kids what’s the truth and what’s not.”
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 盛怒的
分布：发怒的(61%)，生气的(39%)
→来自ire,愤怒，激怒。
adjective
■very angry 极其愤怒的，大怒的
• We have received some irate phone calls from customers. 我们接到了一些顾客打来怒气冲冲的电话。
adj. 生气的；发怒的
 - angry, riley

Word: walled
Front: walled
[wɔ:ld] (16781/11572)
Back: adj. 有围墙的，有城墙的; （如墙似）围着的
v. (wall的过去式和过去分词)用墙围住
分布：有墙壁的(60%)，动词wall的过去式和过去分词形式.(40%)
US [wɑ:ld] adjective
■surrounded by a wall 有围墙的
• Why not visit the beautiful walled city of York? 为甚么不参观一下围有城墙的美丽城市约克呢？
v. 用墙围住；堵塞（wall的过去分词）
 - occluded

Word: unfulfilled
Front: unfulfilled
[ˌʌnfʊlˈfɪld] (16787/18736 -1)
Back: adj. 无法行使的，无法履行的; 未完成的; 未得到满足的; 没有成就感的
分布：未实现的(55%)，没有成就感的(27%)，未完成的(18%)
adjective
■If a wish, hope, promise, etc. is unfulfilled, it has not happened or been achieved （愿望、希望、诺言等）未实现的，未满足的，未兑现的
• an unfulfilled ambition/dream 未实现的抱负／梦想
■unhappy because you think you should be achieving more in your life 壮志未酬的，不得志的
adj. 未得到满足的；没有成就感的
 - unsatisfied

Word: shepherd
Front: shepherd
[ˈʃepəd] (研四六托雅 8911/6385 -2)
Vocabulary: shepherd
(once / 268 pages)
nv
A shepherd is a person who herds flocks or groups of animals. If you traveled to Tibet, you might see a yak shepherd.
Shepherd comes from the Old English sceaphierde: sheepherder. Such a person protects sheep from animals that would attack them, keeps them from wandering, and otherwise takes care of the flock. The word is also a verb that describes care of a group — sheep, other animals, even people. You might shepherd your herd of goats, or shepherd your younger siblings through the transition from elementary to middle school.
WORD FAMILY
shepherd: shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deann Shepherd of the Humane Society of Utah says current law already requires shelter, but fails to define what that means.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
When Schmidt returned to the park at midday on Thursday, one sheep was missing from the manger scene and another from the shepherd scene.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“Oh, I would like that very much,” she said and then fell about laughing when we told her it was called shepherd’s pie.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 牧羊人，羊倌; 牧师; 指导者
vt. 带领，引导; 牧（羊），放牧; 照看
时态：shepherded, shepherding, shepherds
分布：牧羊(89%)，牧师(4%)，照看(3%)，指导者(2%)，引领(1%)，牧羊者(1%)
→来自 sheep,羊，herd,牧群，牧羊人。
n.牧民,牧羊人The bead is put on the forehead of the dead shepherd ahead of the herd.珠子被戴在牧群前面的死牧羊人的前额上.
US [-ɚd] noun countable
■a person whose job is to take care of sheep and move them from one place to another 牧羊人
• a shepherd boy 牧羊童
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
PEOPLE 人
■to make a group of people move to where you want them to go, especially in a kind, helpful and careful way 带领，引导
• He shepherded the old people towards the dining room. 他把老人们带到餐厅。
UK ['ʃep.əd] US [-ɚd] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
SHEEP 羊
■to move sheep from one place to another 牧羊人
• The dogs shepherded the sheep into the pens. 狗把羊赶进了羊圈。
vt. 牧羊；带领；指导；看管
 - guide, coach, supervise
n. 牧羊人；牧师；指导者
 - minister, priest

Word: sunburn
Front: sunburn
[ˈsʌnbɜ:n] (托 16724/24670)
Back: n. 晒伤，晒太阳过量而引起皮肤灼痛
分布：晒伤(79%)，晒黑(13%)，日灼(8%)
→sun,太阳，burn,晒伤。
US [-bɝ:n] noun uncountable
■when your skin has become sore and red because you have spent too long in the strong heat of the sun 晒伤 Compare suntan
n. 晒黑； [皮肤] 晒斑
 - suntan

Word: playing
Front: playing
[ˈpleɪɪŋ] (8296/8954)
Back: v. 演奏( play的现在分词 ); 演出; 参加比赛; 捉弄
分布：演奏(56%)，比赛(30%)，表现(10%)，动词play的现在分词.(4%)
VERB
玩；玩耍
When children, animals, or perhaps adults play, they spend time doing enjoyable things, such as using toys and taking part in games.
例：...invite the children round to play...邀请孩子们来玩
例：They played in the little garden...他们在小花园里玩耍。
V-RECIP
参加（体育活动、比赛等）
When you play a sport, game, or match, you take part in it.
例：While the twins played cards, Francis sat reading...那对双胞胎玩扑克牌的时候，弗朗西斯坐着看书。
例：Alain was playing cards with his friends...阿兰正和朋友打扑克牌。
VERB
（和…）比赛
When one person or team plays another or plays against them, they compete against them in a sport or game.
例：Northern Ireland will play Latvia...北爱尔兰队将对阵拉脱维亚队。
例：I've played against him a few times.我已多次和他交手。
VERB
（比赛等中）打出，踢出，击出（球）
When you play the ball or play a shot in a game or sport, you kick or hit the ball.
例：Think first before playing the ball...踢出球前先想一想。
例：Sikander Bakht played a bad shot...西坎德尔·巴克特击出一记坏球。
VERB
开（玩笑）；耍（花招）；搞（恶作剧）
If you play a joke or a trick on someone, you deceive them or give them a surprise in a way that you think is funny, but that often causes problems for them or annoys them.
例：Someone had played a trick on her, stretched a piece of string at the top of those steps...有人搞恶作剧整她，在最高的台阶上拉了一根绳子。
例：I thought: 'This cannot be happening, somebody must be playing a joke'.我想：“这不可能发生，肯定是谁在开玩笑。”
VERB
随意摆弄；弄着玩
If you play with an object or with your hair, you keep moving it or touching it with your fingers, perhaps because you are bored or nervous.
例：She stared at the floor, idly playing with the strap of her handbag.她眼睛盯着地板，漫不经心地摆弄着手提包的带子。
N-COUNT
剧本；戏剧
A play is a piece of writing which is performed in a theatre, on the radio, or on television.
例：The company put on a play about the homeless...这家剧团上演了一出讲述无家可归者的戏。
例：It's my favourite Shakespeare play.它是我最喜欢的一部莎士比亚戏剧。
VERB
扮演，饰演（角色等）
If an actor plays a role or character in a play or film, he or she performs the part of that character.
例：...Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, in which he played Hyde...他在其中饰演海德一角的《化身博士》
例：His ambition is to play the part of Dracula.他渴望扮演德拉库拉。
V-LINK
装扮；假装；充当
You can use play to describe how someone behaves, when they are deliberately behaving in a certain way or like a certain type of person. For example, to play the innocent, means to pretend to be innocent, and to play deaf means to pretend not to hear something.
例：Hill tried to play the peacemaker...希尔想要充当和事佬。
例：She was just playing the devoted mother...她只是装得像个尽心尽责的母亲似的。
VERB
（以…方式）对待，处置，处理
You can describe how someone deals with a situation by saying that they play it in a certain way. For example, if someone plays it cool, they keep calm and do not show much emotion, and if someone plays it straight, they behave in an honest and direct way.
例：Investors are playing it cautious, and they're playing it smart.投资者审慎精明地行事。
V-ERG
演奏（乐器或乐曲）
If you play a musical instrument or play a tune on a musical instrument, or if a musical instrument plays, music is produced from it.
例：Nina had been playing the piano...尼娜一直都在弹钢琴。
例：Two people played jazz on a piano...两人联手在一架钢琴上演奏爵士乐。
V-ERG
播放（唱片、CD或磁带）
If you play a record, a CD, or a tape, you put it into a machine and sound is produced. If a record, CD, or tape is playing, sound is being produced from it.
例：She played her records too loudly...她播放唱片时音量太大了。
例：Every evening in those days the BBC played 'God Save The King'...那些日子里，英国广播公司每天晚上都会播放《天佑吾王》。
VERB
（音乐家、乐队等）表演；举办（音乐会）
If a musician or group of musicians plays or plays a concert, they perform music for people to listen or dance to.
例：A band was playing...乐队在表演。
例：He will play concerts in Amsterdam and Paris.他将在阿姆斯特丹和巴黎举办音乐会。
VERB
（光）轻快地移动
When light plays somewhere, it moves about on a surface in an unsteady way.
例：The sun played on the frosty roofs.阳光在结霜的屋顶上闪烁变幻。
PHRASE
搞什么名堂；干什么蠢事
If you ask what someone is playing at, you are angry because you think they are doing something stupid or wrong.
例：What the hell are you playing at?你究竟在搞什么名堂？
PHRASE
（使）开始活动；（使）投入使用； （使）开始起作用
When something comes into play or is brought into play, it begins to be used or to have an effect.
例：The real existence of a military option will come into play...存在选择军事手段的切实可能这一点将会起到作用。
例：Breathing brings many muscles into play.呼吸使很多肌肉活动起来。
PHRASE
（在…中）发挥作用，产生影响
If something or someone plays a part or plays a role in a situation, they are involved in it and have an effect on it.
例：They played a part in the life of their community...他们参与到了自己社区的生活中。
例：The UN would play a major role in monitoring a ceasefire.联合国在监督停火方面会发挥重要作用。
n. 比赛；演奏
 - competition, game, match, tournament
v. 玩耍（play的ing形式）
 - romping

Word: haggle
Front: haggle
[ˈhægl] (托宝 16766/18614 -1)
Vocabulary: haggle
(once / 3721 pages)
nv
If you want a great deal on a used TV, then you can try to haggle with the sellers to see if they’ll bring the price down. To haggle is to negotiate or argue over something, usually a price.
You can haggle at a flea market or anywhere where the price of items is flexible. But haggle doesn’t always refer to price. You can haggle over a job, a contract, or who gets to ride in the front seat. Haggling is relatively aggressive behavior, and this word is closer in meaning to wrangle than it is to negotiate. You’ll rarely hear of anyone haggling quietly. Haggle implies an argument in which both parties want the best deal for themselves.
WORD FAMILY
haggle: haggled, haggler, haggles, haggling+/ haggler: hagglers/haggling: hagglings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Actually, I haggled my way to getting both the palm reading and a Tarot card reading for $30.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
In the meantime structural reforms would be put off while Italy’s lawmakers haggle over voting systems.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Google haggled for years with the previous antitrust commissioner, Joaquín Almunia, in an attempt to settle the probes against it.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 讨价还价; 争论
vt. 乱劈; 乱砍; 使疲惫
vi. 讨价还价; 争论不休
时态：haggled, haggling, haggles
分布：讨价还价(65%)，争论(22%)，乱砍(13%)
→来自古英语haggen,劈，跺，词源同hack,-le,表反复。引申词义争论，讨价还价。
【记】读：海狗，现在市面上有一种礼品《北极参海狗油》巨贵无比，需要讨价还价。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to attempt to decide on a price or conditions which are acceptable to the person selling the goods and the person buying them, usually by arguing （对价格或条件）讨价还价
• It's traditional that you haggle over/about the price of things in the market. 传统上买卖东西时都会讨价还价。
n. [贸易] 讨价还价；争论
 - controversy, combat
vt. 乱劈；乱砍
 - cut and carve
vi. 争论；乱劈
 - debate, argue with

Word: mirrored
Front: mirrored
[ˈmɪrəd] (16722/22995)
Back: v. 反映( mirror的过去式和过去分词 ); 反射; 映照; 将（玻璃）喷镀成镜子
分布：镜子(80%)，反映(11%)，反射(9%)
N-COUNT
镜子
A mirror is a flat piece of glass which reflects light, so that when you look at it you can see yourself reflected in it.
例：He absent-mindedly looked at himself in the mirror...他心不在焉地看着镜中的自己。
例：He checked his mirror and saw that a dark coloured van was immediately behind him.他看了一下后视镜，发现一辆深色货车紧随其后。
VERB
反映;再现;与…相似
If something mirrors something else, it has similar features to it, and therefore seems like a copy or representation of it.
例：The book inevitably mirrors my own interests and experiences...这本书不可避免地反映出我个人的喜好与经历。
例：His own shock was mirrored on her face.他和她面面相觑。
VERB
(水)照出，映出
If you see something reflected in water, you can say that the water mirrors it.
例：...the sudden glitter where a newly-flooded field mirrors the sky...刚刚被洪水淹没的田野映照出了天空，那里突然泛起亮光
例：The ship would lie there mirrored in a perfectly unmoving glossy sea.船会停靠在那里，映衬在一片波澜不兴的湛蓝海水之中。
v. 反映（mirror的过去式和过去分词）；反射
 - reflected

Word: headmaster
Front: headmaster
[ˌhedˈmɑ:stə(r)] (高研四六雅 16726/4787 -1)
Vocabulary: headmaster
(once / 4736 pages)
n
A headmaster is the principal of a private school. Your prep school headmaster might have also taught your favorite English class.
The head of a school, especially if the school is in Britain or is private or a boarding school, is called a headmaster. The headmaster is often in charge of discipline as well as the running of the school. It's common these days to use the term head teacher rather than headmaster, since it includes both male and female principals. The word headmaster has been around since the 1570's.
WORD FAMILY
headmaster: headmasters, headmastership+/headmastership: headmasterships
USAGE EXAMPLES
The headmaster arranged for the two to meet.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
St. Mark’s School of Texas headmaster David Dini said Spencer’s activities have “been deeply troubling and terribly upsetting to our whole school community.”
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
“It certainly was a great experience,” said Peter Franklin, headmaster of the Sankt Joseph Catholic school in Copenhagen.
Seattle Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. （私立学校的）校长
分布：名词(100%)
n.校长The master's masterpiece caused a disaster to headmaster.主人的杰作给校长造成灾难.
US ['hedˌmæs.tˌɚ] noun countable mainly UK
■a male headteacher 男校长
president, principal, headmaster
这组词都有“校长”的意思，其区别是：
president: 在美国专指大学的校长，在英国指学院院长。
principal: 在英国可指大学校长、院长以及中小学校长，但在美国仅指中小学校长。
headmaster: 在英国指对中小学校长的一般称呼，尤指私立学校的校长。
n. 校长
 - principal, president

Word: gobbler
Front: gobbler
['gɒblə] (16838/-)
Back: n. 雄火鸡
分布：雄火鸡(100%)
n. 雄火鸡；狼吞虎咽的人
 - turkey-cock, wolfer

Word: ramble
Front: ramble
[ˈræmbl] (六雅宝 16774/19122 -1)
Vocabulary: ramble
(once / 629 pages)
vn
You ramble when your talking or your walking goes on and on and on. And on. You’re in no hurry to make a point or get to your destination — if there is one at all.
The word ramble comes from similar roots as roam. They both mean wander, but they’re often used a little differently. You might roam around on vacation to relax or find adventure. If you’re a shark, you roam the deep sea for food. On the other hand, if the person on the plane next to you chatters nervously and can’t stop, you wish they wouldn’t ramble on like that.
WORD FAMILY
ramble: rambled, rambler, rambles, rambling +/rambler: ramblers/ rambling: ramblingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I spent the next few weeks writing long, rambling stream-of-consciousness journals in an effort to find the answer to his question.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Already such a stroll on such a day is stealing the clothes of the country ramble in two ways.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Perhaps a proper young Victorian who rambled the English countryside in her country tweeds with her watercolor kit, waiting for inspiration to strike.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 漫游; 漫步; 漫谈; 蔓延
n. 漫步; 漫游; 漫谈
时态：rambled, rambling, rambles
分布：漫步(33%)，漫游(21%)，漫谈(20%)，蔓延(14%)，漫笔(6%)，闲谈(6%)
→可能来自 roam,漫游，-le,表反复。插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.引申诸相关词义。
【记】源于：amble（v 缓行；溜蹄）
verb
WALK 散步
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk for pleasure, especially in the countryside （尤指在乡间）漫步，漫游，闲逛
• I love to ramble through the fields and lanes in this part of the country. 我喜欢在这片乡村地区的田野和小路上漫步。
• Shall we go rambling tomorrow? 我们明天到乡间去散步好不好？
['ræm.bl] verb
TALK/WRITE 说／写
intransitive disapproving
■to talk or write in a confused way, often for a long time 语无伦次地闲扯；没完没了地胡乱说；信笔乱写
• Sorry, I'm rambling (on)- let me get back to the point. 对不起，扯远了——我再回到要点上来。
['ræm.bl] verb
SPREAD 延伸
intransitive
■(especially of a plant) to go in many different directions （尤指植物）蔓生，蔓延
• An old clematis rambles over the garden wall. 一株老铁线莲爬满了花园的墙壁。
['ræm.bl] noun countable
■a long walk especially through the countryside （尤指在乡间的）漫步，漫游，散步
• We go for a ramble through the woods every Saturday. 我们每个星期六都在林中漫步。
wander, stroll, roam, ramble
这组词都有“徘徊、漫游”的意思，其区别是：
wander: 指无目的地到处徘徊或闲荡。
stroll: 常指无明确目的他悠闲而缓慢地漫游。
roam: 常指在广阔地方以自得其乐的愉快心情作无固定目标的漫游。
ramble: 一般指走走停停，心情愉快，步履轻松。
n. 漫步；漫游；随笔
 - essay, travel
vi. 漫步；漫游；闲逛；漫谈；蔓延
 - range, wander off

Word: old-growth

Word: craggy
Front: craggy
[krægi] (16748/19070)
Back: adj. 陡峭的，崎岖的，多岩石的; 嶙峋
级别：craggier, craggiest
分布：多峭壁的(64%)，棱角分明的(36%)
adjective
■having many crags 多峭壁的；多岩石的；陡峭的；崎岖的
• a craggy coastline 崎岖的海岸线
■describes a man's face that is quite roughly formed and has loose skin but is also attractive （男子的脸）粗犷的
• a craggy face 粗犷的脸
• craggy features 粗犷有型的相貌
adj. 崎岖的；多峭壁的
 - rugged

Word: maim
Front: maim
[meɪm] (托雅宝 16796/19206 -1)
Vocabulary: maim
(once / 1786 pages)
v
To maim something is to disfigure it through force or violence. Wartime battles have a tendency to maim soldiers.
The verb maim is related to mayhem, which, historically, was the act of hurting another person so badly that they couldn’t defend themselves. To maim a person or animal, even if it’s an accident, is to render them defenseless or disfigured, and it frequently includes the loss of a limb. The goal of driving defensively is to avoid an accident that could maim you, your passengers, or other people on the road.
WORD FAMILY
maim: maimed, maimer, maiming, maims+/maimer: maimers
USAGE EXAMPLES
First, quite a lot of people who would be killed or maimed on the roads if we carry on as we are will be saved.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Children were killed or maimed in large numbers.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But also to help them find a path where they won’t end up dead or maimed, victims of the scourge of gun violence in Chicago.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受重伤; 使残废; 残害; 伤残
时态：maimed, maiming, maims
分布：使伤残(100%)
→来自古法语mahaignier,伤害，使受伤，使残疾，来自mai,砍，切，词源同mangle,mayhem.进一步来自smi,砍，切，词源同smith.
【区】main（adj 主要的）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to injure a person so severely that a part of their body will no longer work as it should （使）残废
• Many children have been maimed for life by these bombs. 许多孩子被这些炸弹炸至重伤，终身残废。
vt. 使残废
 - disable

Word: lefty
Front: lefty
['leftɪ] (14835/34626)
Back: n. 左撇子，左翼分子
分布：左撇子(84%)，左手的(11%)，左翼份子(5%)
→原指左撇子，后用于指左翼分子。
N-COUNT
左派分子
If you refer to someone as a lefty, you mean that they have socialist beliefs.
例：...a large group of students and trendy lefties.一大群学生和赶时髦的左派分子
N-COUNT
左撇子；（尤指）惯用左手的运动员
A lefty is someone, especially a sports player, who is left-handed.
例：The fact that Goran is a lefty just makes his serve that little bit better.戈兰是个左撇子，他的发球由此质量要更高一些。
n. 左撇子；左翼分子
 - southpaw

Word: step-by-step
Front: step-by-step
[s'tepb'aɪst'ep] None
Back: adj. 按部就班的; 按步; 步进
分布：循序渐进的(57%)，逐步的(43%)

Word: separating
Front: separating
['sepəreɪtɪŋ] (16785/18626)
Back: adj. 分开[离，裂]的
v. 分开( separate的现在分词 ); （使）分离; 区分; 隔开
分布：分离的(56%)，分开的(38%)，动词separate的现在分词.(6%)
ADJ
分开的;单独的;独立的
If one thing is separate from another, there is a barrier, space, or division between them, so that they are clearly two things.
例：Each villa has a separate sitting-room...每栋别墅都有一间独立的起居室。
例：They are now making plans to form their own separate party...他们如今正计划组建自己的独立政党。
ADJ
不同的;各别的
If you refer to separate things, you mean several different things, rather than just one thing.
例：Use separate chopping boards for raw meats, cooked meats, vegetables and salads...切生肉、熟肉、蔬菜和拌色拉的青菜时要使用不同的切菜板。
例：Men and women have separate exercise rooms...男女有各自的健身房。
V-RECIP-ERG
(使)分开;(使)分离;分割;划分
If you separate people or things that are together, or if they separate, they move apart.
例：Police moved in to separate the two groups...警方介入进来，将两拨人分开。
例：The pans were held in both hands and swirled around to separate gold particles from the dirt...双手握住淘选盘不停旋动将沙金和尘土分开。
V-RECIP-ERG
(使)分离;(使)分裂;(使)分开
If you separate people or things that have been connected, or if one separates from another, the connection between them is ended.
例：They want to separate teaching from research...他们想把教学和研究分开。
例：It's very possible that we may see a movement to separate the two parts of the country...很可能我们会目睹一场分裂该国这两个地区的运动。
V-RECIP
分居
If a couple who are married or living together separate, they decide to live apart.
例：Her parents separated when she was very young...她很小的时候父母就分居了。
例：Since I separated from my husband I have gone a long way.自从我和我丈夫分开后，我的生活发生了很大的变化。
VERB
隔开;阻隔;使分开
An object, obstacle, distance, or period of time which separates two people, groups, or things exists between them.
例：...the white-railed fence that separated the yard from the paddock...将院子和小围场隔开的白色围栏
例：They had undoubtedly made progress in the six years that separated the two periods...毫无疑问，他们在这两个时期相隔的 6 年间取得了进展。
VERB
分辨;区分;区别
If you separate one idea or fact from another, you clearly see or show the difference between them.
例：It is difficult to separate legend from truth...很难将传说和事实区别开来。
例：...learning how to separate real problems from imaginary illnesses...学习如何分辨真实的和想象出的疾病
VERB
使得以区分;使获得区别
A quality or factor that separates one thing from another is the reason why the two things are different from each other.
例：The single most important factor that separates ordinary photographs from good photographs is the lighting...区分普通照片和出色照片的一个至关重要的因素就是光线。
例：What separates terrorism from other acts of violence?恐怖主义和其他暴力行为的区别是什么？
VERB
(两个参赛队或竞争者比分)相隔，相差
If a particular number of points separate two teams or competitors, one of them is winning or has won by that number of points.
例：In the end only three points separated the two teams.最终两队只相差 3 分。
V-ERG
分割;划分;拆散
If you separate a group of people or things into smaller elements, or if a group separates, it is divided into smaller elements.
例：The police wanted to separate them into smaller groups...警察想把他们拆散成几小股。
例：Wallerstein's work can be separated into three main component themes...沃勒斯坦的作品可以细分成3个主要的主题。
N-PLURAL
(非覆盖全身的)单件衣服
Separates are clothes such as skirts, trousers, and shirts which cover just the top half or the bottom half of your body.
PHRASE
分道扬镳;分手;分路而行
When two or more people who have been together for some time go their separate ways, they go to different places or end their relationship.
例：Sue and her husband decided to go their separate ways.苏和丈夫决定离婚。
adj. 分离的；分隔的
 - apart, isolated
v. 分离；分隔；断绝关系（separate的ing形式）
 - detaching, sundering

Word: synonym
Front: synonym
[ˈsɪnənɪm] (托雅 16906/10840)
Vocabulary: synonym
(once / 1220 pages)
n
A synonym is a word that means the same thing as another word. If you replace a word in a sentence with its synonym, the meaning of the sentence won't really change that much.
There are, of course, shades of meaning, and not every synonym is an exact substitute, but sometimes we just need a different word for a change. Some words have dozens of synonyms, such as funny: amusing, hilarious, laughable, slapstick, witty, and many others. Other words, sadly, have no synonyms, like postmodernism. Check your thesaurus (dictionary of synonyms) — it's all there!
WORD FAMILY
synonym: synonymous, synonyms+/ synonymous: synonymity, synonymously, synonymousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now let’s look at some synonyms for extravagant:
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
That is a gentle synonym for steady tax revenue.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But whatever some liberals think, “conservative” and “bigot” are not synonyms.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 同义词
分布：近义词(100%)
→syn-,一起，-onym,名字，词源同 name,antonym.字面意思为相同的名字，后用于指同义词。
同义词(syn+onym名字→名字相同→同义词)[sym-,syn-表示"共同,相同"]
同义词(syn同+onym名→同名→同义词)[onym=nam,表示"名字"]
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a word or phrase which has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word or phrase in the same language 同义词，近义词
• The words 'small' and 'little' are synonyms. small 和 little 是同义词。
Compare antonym

Word: godfather
Front: godfather
[ˈgɒdfɑ:ðə(r)] (16757/14192 -1)
Back: n. 教父; 监护人; （黑手党下属组织的）首领
vt. 当…的教父; 作…的监护人
分布：教父(99%)，做 ... 教父(1%)
US ['gɑ:dˌfɑ:.ðɚ] noun countable
■a male godparent 教父
■the leader of a criminal group, especially a mafia family （犯罪组织的，尤指黑手党家族中的）头号人物，首领

Word: umm
Front: umm
[,juɛm'ɛm] (16789/27704)
Back: [医]Unlversal Measuring Microscope

Word: communique
Front: communique
[kəˈmju:nɪkeɪ] (16874/26539)
Vocabulary: communique
(once / 8808 pages)
n
A communique is an official message that's sent between people or to a media outlet. A company might release a communique to the local newspaper announcing the name of the new CEO.
Any kind of formal announcement, report, or statement can be called a communique, especially if someone in authority issues it. Your boss might send out a communique to all her employees letting them know about a new company policy, for example. The word comes from the French communiqué, or "communicated," and even in English is often spelled with the French accent on the e — a good reminder of how it's pronounced, with a final ay sound.
WORD FAMILY
communique: communiques
USAGE EXAMPLES
The evening news is as rigid as ever, almost always opening with Mr. Xi and often featuring the reading of long party communiqués.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He said the sides agreed to work together to forge a settlement for the Syrian conflict based on the Geneva communique and U.N.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And unlike an official communique — such as those after attacks in Brussels and Paris — its claim through Amaq suggested, Katz said, “a little more distance.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 公报，官报
分布：公报(100%)
→来自法语，词源同communicate，交流，分享信息。
n. 公报，官报
 - bulletin, government organ

Word: intergenerational
Front: intergenerational
[ˌɪntədʒenə'reɪʃənl] (16847/36873)
Back: adj. 两代间的
分布：两代人之间的(100%)

Word: squeaky
Front: squeaky
[ˈskwi:ki] (16776/19221)
Vocabulary: squeaky
(once / 8685 pages)
adj
If your voice is squeaky, it's high and a little shrill, like a cartoon character. If your shoes sound squeaky when you walk, you'll never be able to sneak up on someone.
It's hard for people to take you seriously if you always sound a little squeaky when you talk. Squishy, noise-making dog toys are squeaky, and so is Mickey Mouse's voice, as well as the rusty hinge on an old treasure chest. If something's squeaky clean, it's so immaculate that it squeaks a little — this phrase probably started in the 1970s in advertisements for dishwashing soap.
WORD FAMILY
squeaky: squeakily+/squeak: squeaked, squeaker, squeaking, squeaks, squeaky /squeaker: squeakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He turned the key in the ignition, and the car started with a squeaky shudder.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Adding to the absurdity, Penn voices Bob in a sleepy, squeaky drawl that at once evokes Larry the Cable Guy and Kermit the Frog.
Washington Post(Nov 06, 2016)
But it works, squeaky wheels and all, as you careen through the produce section with dust-covered spice containers stacked on the shelves above.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 吱吱响的，发轧声的
级别：squeakier, squeakiest
分布：吱吱响的(42%)，发轧声的(33%)，短促尖声的(25%)
→squeak,尖叫声，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
SOUND 声音
■making a very high sound 吱吱响的；发尖叫声的
['skwi:.ki] adjective
SUCCESS 成功 US only just succeeding in a game, competition, etc. 险胜的（在比赛、竞赛等中以微弱优势取胜，或最后才取胜）
• The president had a squeaky six-vote win (= he won by only six votes) in Congress. 总统在国会以六票的些微优势勉强获胜。
['skwi:.ki] adjective
The squeaky wheel gets the grease. US saying
■said to emphasize that attention is paid to those problems which are made most noticeable 嘎吱响的轮子先上油；最明显的问题先得到关注

Word: halter
Front: halter
[ˈhɔ:ltə(r)] (16905/27504)
Vocabulary: halter
(once / 2110 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A halter is a device that's put on animals to restrain, lead, or train them. Another type of halter is a skimpy summer top that is anything but restraining.
Your dog might wear a halter that keeps her from pulling you down the street, and a farmer might put a halter on a cow before leading her into a milking stall. Another halter is a piece of clothing usually worn by a woman, a shirt that ties behind the neck and leaves the shoulders and arms bare. Originally, halter referred just to the tie that secures the top, but it came to mean the entire garment.
WORD FAMILY
halter: haltered, halteres, haltering, halters+/ halt: halted, halter, halting, halts/ halting: haltingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“She was on both of the relays that were ranked No. 2 right now and had her best splits of the season today,” Halter said.
Seattle Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Fifi likes to duck out of the halter and gallop away.
Washington Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Shapes varied from halter dresses with full skirts and Victorian ruffles at the neck to asymmetrical Roman-style wraps.
Seattle Times(Sep 24, 2016)
Back: n. （马的）笼头，缰绳; （女用的在颈和背后系带的）袒肩露背上装
vt. 给…套上缰绳; 束缚
时态：halted, haltered, halting, halts
分布：笼头(34%)，缰绳(30%)，绞索(20%)，套上缰绳或笼头(4%)，露背背心(4%)，绞死(4%)，限制(4%)
→来自古英语haelftre,牵马绳，马笼头，来自kelp,握住，抓住，词源同helm,helve.引申词义女式露背装的绕颈系带。
US ['hɑ:l.tˌɚ] noun
ROPE 绳索
countable
■a piece of rope or a leather strap which is tied round an animal's head so that it can be led by someone or tied to something （牲口的）笼头，缰绳，牲口套
UK ['hɒl.tər] US ['hɑ:l.tˌɚ] noun
CLOTHING 服装 US for halterneck
n. 缰绳；绞索
 - trace, rein
vt. 给…套上缰绳；束缚
 - chain, bound

Word: politeness
Front: politeness
[pə'laɪtnəs] (16740/-)
Back: n. 有礼貌; 客气; 文雅; 有礼貌的行为
分布：礼貌(97%)，优雅(3%)
【记】polite（adj 有教养的；文雅的）
ADJ-GRADED
有礼貌的；客气的；文雅的
Someone who is polite has good manners and behaves in a way that is socially correct and not rude to other people.
例：Everyone around him was trying to be polite, but you could tell they were all bored...他周围的每一个人都极力表现出彬彬有礼的样子，但能够看出他们都感到厌烦。
例：It's not polite to point or talk about strangers in public...在公共场合对陌生人指指点点或议论纷纷都不礼貌。
ADJ
上流的；高雅的
You can refer to people who consider themselves to be socially superior and to set standards of behaviour for everyone else as polite society or polite company .
例：Certain words are vulgar and not acceptable in polite society.有些字眼较粗俗，不为上流社会所接受。
n. 有礼貌；优雅
 - grace, polite to

Word: framer
Front: framer
['freɪmə] (16866/35825)
Back: n. 制定者，创作者
分布：组成者(40%)，筹划者(40%)，构成者(20%)
n. 组成者；筹划者
 - contriver

Word: outlast
Front: outlast
[ˌaʊtˈlɑ:st] (托 16795/20453)
Vocabulary: outlast
(once / 5860 pages)
v
To outlast is to live or survive longer than someone (or something) else. Sturdy old buildings will outlast newer, more flimsy and cheaply made structures.
Typically, your parents will outlast your grandparents, and you will outlast your parents. You might convince yourself to buy some outrageously expensive shoes by thinking about the fact that they're so well made, they'll probably outlast the much cheaper pair you were considering. And you might wonder why a terrible TV show has been on for years, managing to outlast several brilliant ones that were cancelled after a single season.
WORD FAMILY
outlast: outlasted, outlasting, outlasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Broncos also outlasted Arizona at the 2014 Fiesta Bowl.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“We will outmatch them at every pass and outlast them all,” Mr. Trump said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“We will outmatch them at every pass and outlast them all.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 比…长久，比…活得长
时态：outlasted, outlasting, outlasts
分布：较……耐久(100%)
→out-,超过，last,持续。
US [-'læst] verb transitive
■to live or exist, or to stay energetic and determined, longer than another person or thing 比…活得长；比…持续时间长
• The queen outlasted all her children. 女王比她的子女们都活得长久。
• The Orioles outlasted the Yankees, finally winning 10 to 9. 黄鹂队坚持到底，最终以10比9战胜了扬基队。

Word: strut
Front: strut
[strʌt] (宝 11486/14938 -1)
Vocabulary: strut
(once / 1551 pages)
vn
When you strut, you walk with a proud swagger that has a little arrogance thrown in, like the prance of a running back who has just flown past the 250-pound linebackers and planted the ball in the end zone.
You can't strut and be shy about it — when you strut, you know people are watching you. The big boss in a gangster film, a model on the runway, and the rap artist whose album has just gone platinum all know how to strut. The noun form of strut has a little less flash and refers to a vertical or horizontal support that holds something up, like the long steel bars holding up a building.
WORD FAMILY
strut: struts, strutted, strutting
USAGE EXAMPLES
She kept on smiling and strutting in her high heels; she held her microphone toward the crowd.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Another world-class striker strutting his stuff in the Premiership.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Its African-American “queens” bridge two generations, and show differing levels of self-affirmation as they dance, sing, sass, sashay, fight, strut, mentor and mope.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 炫耀; 在…上趾高气扬地走; 给…加支撑
vi. 趾高气扬地走; 高视阔步
n. （框架的）支杆; 支柱; 趾高气扬的步态; （尤指跳舞或表演时）卖弄
时态：strutted, strutting, struts
分布：支柱(41%)，支撑(32%)，高视阔步(16%)，趾高气扬地走(11%)
→最终来自 ster,僵硬的，生硬的，固定的，词源同 stark,stare,stereo.引申词义支杆，支柱。
【记】读：死抓它：如果你从飞机上掉下来，说什么也要死死的抓住strut，不然非死即残，就不能strut了。
verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to walk in a proud way trying to look important 趾高气扬地走，昂首阔步
• The boys strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby. 男孩们神气十足地走来走去，想引起旁边一群女孩的注意。
[strʌt] verb intransitive (-tt-)
strut your stuff informal mainly humorous
■to dance in a confident and usually sexually exciting way, especially trying to be noticed by other people （尤指为引起他人注意）卖弄地跳舞
• Hey baby, why don't you get out on the floor and strut your stuff? 嘿，宝贝，你为甚么不下舞池露一手？
informal
■to show your abilities 显露身手；卖弄本领
• Wimbledon is the opportunity for all the world's best tennis players to strut their stuff. 温布顿网球公开赛是全世界顶尖网球选手大展身手的好机会。
[strʌt] noun countable
■a strong rod, usually made from metal or wood, which helps to hold something such as a vehicle or building together 支柱，支杆；撑杆
pace, stroll, strut, stride, walk
这组词都有“行走，徒步”的意思，其区别是：
pace: 指踱步，走步。
stroll: 多指走走停停，步子缓慢，悠闲自得，漫无目的。
strut: 指大摇大摆地走，含过分自信或自高自大意味。
stride: 着重步子大而且节奏有力，流露出匆忙、烦恼、得意等情绪。
walk: 最常用词，中性词，指除跑、跳之外所有移步的动作。
vt. 炫耀；在…上趾高气扬地走；给…加支撑
 - show off, brag about
n. [建] [航] 支柱；高视阔步
 - leg, backbone, stay, mainstay

Word: reprimand
Front: reprimand
[ˈreprɪmɑ:nd] (宝 14849/14198 -1)
Vocabulary: reprimand
(once / 2272 pages)
nv
If you're reprimanded, someone in authority speaks to you in an angry way because you've done something wrong. Or you might reprimand your dog if he steals your hot dog.
The House of Representatives has a couple of ways to punish naughty members. One way is to reprimand them by voting to express disapproval. In 2009, Representative Joe Wilson was reprimanded after his outburst of "You lie!" during President Obama's speech. In the halls of Congress, this is considered "unparliamentary language," but if you yell at your congressman, that's okay.
WORD FAMILY
reprimand: reprimanded, reprimanding, reprimands
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Shapira reprimanded the prime minister again that same year, saying living and hospitality expenses for both his official residence and private home were exorbitant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
He banned cursing and reprimanded coaches who broke the rule.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He also reprimanded the American ambassador and hauled 10 other countries into the foreign ministry to express Israel’s displeasure.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 训斥; 惩戒; 谴责
vt. 谴责; 惩戒; 责难
时态：reprimanded, reprimanding, reprimands
分布：谴责(56%)，训斥(44%)
→来自拉丁语 reprimere,指责，申斥，-and,动名词后缀，来自 re-,向后，往回，premere,按，压， 词源同 print,press.
【记】re反复，primand命令－反复命令－谴责
US [-rə.mænd] formal
verb transitive
■to express to someone your strong official disapproval of them 训斥；申斥；谴责
• She was reprimanded by her teacher for biting another girl. 她因为咬了另一个女孩而受到了老师的训斥。
n. 谴责；训斥；申诉
 - hell, condemnation
vt. 谴责；训斥；责难
 - condemn, denounce

Word: constitutionality
Front: constitutionality
[ˌkɒnstɪˌtju:ʃəˈnæləti] (16909/29792)
Back: n. 合宪法性
分布：合宪性(100%)
US [ˌkɑ:nt.stɪ.tu:.ʃən'æl.ə.tˌi] US
noun uncountable
■the quality of being allowed by or contained in a constitution 合宪性；符合宪法
• The judge chose to ignore questions of the constitutionality of the Senator's actions. 法官故意对该参议员的行为是否符合宪法的问题避而不谈。

Word: socialist
Front: socialist
[ˈsəʊʃəlɪst] (高四六 5591/2568 -3)
Vocabulary: socialist
(once / 330 pages)
adjn
A socialist is someone who supports the political philosophy of socialism, which is a governmental system that advocates community ownership and control of all lands and businesses rather than individual ownership.
The Latin word socius meant "companion," and led to the Old French word social, from which the word socialist derived. However, the meaning came to be so much more than just "associate." As opposed to a capitalist, a socialist advocates a society based on cooperation rather than competition . Winston Churchill once said, “It is a socialist idea that making profits is a vice; I consider the real vice is making losses."
WORD FAMILY
socialist: socialists+/sociability: sociabilities/ sociable: sociability, sociableness, sociables, sociably, unsociable/ social: antisocial, nonsocial, sociable, socialise, socialism, sociality, socialize, socially, socials, unsocial/socialise: socialisation, socialised, socialiser, socialising/ socialism: socialisms, socialist, socialistic/socialistic: socialistically/sociality: socialities/ socialization: socializations/ socialize: socialization, socialized, socializer, socializes, socializing/socializer: socializers/unsociable: unsociability, unsociableness, unsociably/unsocial: unsocially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1976, the young engineering lecturer was elected a Socialist MP in Portugal’s first democratic vote since the revolution.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
In is Victor Gruen, a European socialist and the unlikely father of the modern American mall.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 社会主义者
adj. 社会主义的; 社会党的
分布：社会主义的(57%)，社会主义者(43%)
→socialism,社会主义，-ist,人。
社会主义者(的)(social社会的)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
US ['soʊ-] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a supporter of socialism or member of a socialist political party 社会主义者（社会主义的支持者或社会主义政党的成员）
• He was a socialist all his life. 他一生都是个社会主义者。
UK ['səʊ.ʃəl.ɪst] US ['soʊ-] adjective
■supporting or relating to socialism 支持社会主义的；与社会主义有关的
• socialist policies 社会主义政策

Word: sweating
Front: sweating
['swetɪŋ] (16777/20470)
Back: n. 发汗
v. （使）出汗( sweat的现在分词 ); （使）流汗; （使）发汗; 焖
分布：发汗(91%)，动词sweat的现在分词形式.(9%)
N-UNCOUNT
汗;汗水;汗液
Sweat is the salty colourless liquid which comes through your skin when you are hot, ill, or afraid.
例：Both horse and rider were dripping with sweat within five minutes...没过五分钟，马和骑手都大汗淋漓。
例：He wiped the sweat off his face and looked around...他擦了擦脸上的汗水并四处张望。
VERB
出汗;流汗;发汗
When you sweat, sweat comes through your skin.
例：Already they were sweating as the sun beat down upon them.在阳光的强烈照射下他们已经汗流浃背。
N-COUNT
满身大汗
If someone is in a sweat, they are sweating a lot.
例：Every morning I would break out in a sweat...每天早上我都会出一身汗。
例：Cool down very gradually after working up a sweat...大量出汗后要慢慢降温。
N-PLURAL
同 sweatsuit 或 sweatpants
Sweats are the same as a sweatsuit or sweatpants .
PHRASE
冒冷汗，出冷汗(指感到害怕或难堪)
If someone is in a cold sweat or in a sweat, they feel frightened or embarrassed.
例：The very thought brought me out in a cold sweat.一想到这我就一身冷汗。
PHRASE
焦急地等待
If someone sweats it out, they wait anxiously for a situation to improve or be resolved, because they cannot do anything about it.
例：The islanders can do little but sweat it out, wondering whether they will be forced to go and seek a new life elsewhere.岛民不知道自己是否要被迫去往他处另谋生路，但却无能为力，只好干等。
CONVENTION
没什么;小事一桩
If a person says no sweat when you ask them about something or ask them to do something, they mean that it is not a problem or that it can be done quickly or easily.
例：'Many thanks.' — 'No sweat. Anything else?'...“非常感谢。”——“没什么，还需要别的吗？”
例：No-one minds that she's a woman, that's no sweat at all.没有人在意她是个女人，这完全没有关系。
n. 发汗（等于exudation）
 - diaphoresis, sudation

Word: overblown
Front: overblown
[ˌəʊvəˈbləʊn] (16800/23924)
Vocabulary: overblown
(once / 12312 pages)
1adj 2adj
Overblown describes fears or concerns that are excessive, such as a overblown worry that people will notice a spot of dirt on your shoe and decide not to be your friend anymore.
Overblown is a word gardeners use to describe their flowers that, having bloomed, now hang heavy on their stems. You can use it to describe other things that are past their prime like an overblown fashion trend everyone is tired of. Another meaning is an extreme display of vanity, like the overblown decorating style of a famous actor's home — complete with photos, memorabilia from past films, and award trophies everywhere you look.
WORD FAMILY
blow: blew, blowed, blower, blowing, blows, blowy, counterblow, overblown +/blower: blowers/blowing: blowings/blowy: blowiest/counterblow: counterblows
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his team has argued that fears of a destructive trade war are overblown.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
He knows America well and has no illusions about the “special relationship,” which he believes was invented by Churchill and was always much overblown.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Subtract the personality and essential decency of Moore’s work, though, and the results are hectoring and overblown as well as factually challenged.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 停息的，盛开过的
v. （风等）吹散( overblow的过去分词 ); 吹倒[落，过]，狂吹，（管乐器）吹得过响
分布：夸张的(35%)，过分的(20%)，停息的(20%)，盛开过的(13%)，肥大的(6%)，动词overblow的过去分词形式.(6%)
→over-,超过，过度，blown,吹，吹嘘。引申词义夸张的。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'bloʊn] disapproving
adjective
■bigger or more important than it should be 夸张的；过分渲染的
• an overblown news story 过分渲染的新闻报道
• Sir Neville's conducting is precise and delicate, never overblown. 内维尔爵士的指挥准确细腻，毫不夸张。
adj. 停息的；过分的；已盛开过的
 - excessive, ultra, tall

Word: lackluster
Front: lackluster
['lækˌlʌstə] (宝 16764/-)
Vocabulary: lackluster
(once / 8775 pages)
adj
Lackluster is a compound adjective that means what it sounds like: if something is lackluster it lacks luster; in other words, it is without brilliance, shine, or vitality. Think dull.
Shakespeare gave us the compound lackluster, first using the term in his play As You Like It. In 2:7, the character Jacques says, "And then he drew a dial from his poke, And, looking on it with lack-lustre eye..." Since Shakespeare first coined this word, it has been used to describe anything "blah"; lackluster sales would worry shop owners and a lackluster prom dress might help you blend in with the wallpaper.
WORD FAMILY
lackluster: lacklusterly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brodbeck said this competition, as well as bigger players like The Washington Post, in the District contributed to the lackluster advertising support.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
On Friday, 2016 will add yet another lackluster comedy to its collection.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
One problem: the aggregate record for the eight teams picked to play is now a lackluster 38-65-1.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 无光泽，暗淡
adj. 无光泽的，暗淡的
分布：暗淡的(28%)，无光泽(27%)，无光泽的(18%)，暗淡 无生气(9%)，无生气的(9%)，平凡(9%)
没有光泽的(lack缺+luster)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
呆板的(lack缺少+luster光泽)[lustr=light,表示"光亮"]
【记】lack缺少，luster＝lustrous（adj 有光泽的）－无光泽的lack缺少，lust（n 强烈的性欲）－缺乏活力的
【反】radiant（adj 发光的；容光焕发的）；refulgent（adj 辉煌灿烂的）
n. 无光泽；暗淡
 - dulness, somberness
adj. 无光泽的；平凡的
 - ordinary, stock

Word: satchel
Front: satchel
[ˈsætʃəl] (16862/26309)
Vocabulary: satchel
(once / 3511 pages)
n
A satchel is a bag with a shoulder strap. People often carry their books in a leather satchel.
There are many types of luggage people use for carrying their belongings, such as suitcases, briefcases, purses, backpacks, and duffel bags. Another is the satchel, which is a small or medium-sized case with a flat bottom. A satchel usually has a shoulder strap which makes it easier to carry, and it's often full of books. The word satchel is related to sack, both coming from the Latin root saccus, or "bag."
WORD FAMILY
satchel: satchels
USAGE EXAMPLES
He remembers leaving with his satchel filled with sheet music.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Satchel Paige, the greatest pitcher ever excluded from Major League Baseball, arrived at Cleveland’s Municipal Stadium for a tryout with the Indians in July 1948.
New York Times(Oct 23, 2016)
The satchel, stitched from old shirts, shifted against his spine.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. 书包
分布：名词(100%)
→来自法语 sachel,袋子，词源同 sack,袋子。插入字母 t,比较 bake,batch.引申词义肩带书包。
noun countable
■a rectangular leather bag with a long strap, used especially in the past by children for carrying books to school （旧时的）学生书包，小背包
n. 书包；小背包
 - schoolbag, mochila

Word: resettle
Front: resettle
[ˌri:ˈsetl] (16804/22000 -1)
Vocabulary: resettle
(once / 8186 pages)
v
To resettle is to move away from one place and make a home somewhere new. It's hard to resettle in a place where the language and culture are completely unfamiliar.
An immigrant is someone who resettles in a new country. Sometimes people resettle to escape poverty or war, and other times they move to be with a family member or take a new job. You can also use this verb to mean "help someone move to a new place," so a government might resettle refugees in various cities. It can also have a negative connotation, as when a government forces groups of people to resettle in a new region.
WORD FAMILY
resettle: resettled, resettlement, resettles, resettling+/resettlement: resettlements/ settle: resettle, settled, settlement, settler, settles, settling, unsettle/settled: settledly/ settlement: settlements/ settler: settlers/settling: settlings/unsettle: unsettled, unsettles, unsettling/unsettled: unsettledly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Duncan told parliament that “when it was described what life on the islands would look like”, only 200 said they wished to resettle.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Erie is one of the largest destinations for resettling refugees in Pennsylvania, in part because of its relatively low cost of living and affordable housing.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The Obama administration did not try to resettle them in its first term, hoping Yemen would stabilize.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 帮助（尤指难民）定居他国
vt. 使（土地、地区等）重新成为定居点
时态：resettled, resettling, resettles
分布：重新定居(63%)，再坐下(19%)，重新成为定居点(9%)，再安顿(9%)
→re-,再，重新，settle,建立，定居。
US [-'setˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (be helped or forced to) move to another place to live （被帮助或被迫）重新定居，重新安置，到别的地方定居
• His family originally came from Ireland, but resettled in the US in the 19th century. 他家祖籍爱尔兰，但是在19世纪来到了美国定居。
• The US government forcibly resettled the Native Americans in reservations. 美国政府强行将美洲土著居民赶到保留区居住。

Word: transducer
Front: transducer
[trænzˈdju:sə(r)] (16677/27581)
Back: n. 传感器，变频器，变换器
分布：传感器(93%)，转换器(7%)
→tran-,转移，进入，-duc,拉，引导，词源同 duct,traduce.引申词义转换器，该词与 traduce 为对 词关系，但词义不一样。
US [trɑ:nts'du:.sɚ] noun countable specialized
■any electronic device that changes one form of energy into another, such as a microphone , which changes sound waves into electrical signals 换能器，变换器（将一种能量形式转换成另一种能量形式的电子设备，如麦克风，能将声波转换为电子讯号）
n. [自] 传感器， [电子] 变换器，换能器
 - SEN, infrared sensor

Word: splay
Front: splay
[spleɪ] (16924/22189)
Back: v. 张开
时态：splayed, splaying, splays
分布：展开(41%)，张开(29%)，倾斜的(9%)，斜面(9%)，成喇叭口形(4%)，拓宽(4%)，成外八的(4%)
→缩写自 display,展示，展开。比较 sport,缩写自 disport.
verb intransitive or transitive
■to spread wide apart 张开；叉开；展开
• At one point the dancers flipped onto their backs and splayed their legs. 舞蹈演员们的一个动作是翻身背部着地，双腿叉开。
• The petals splay out from the middle of the flower. 花瓣从花的中央绽开。
vt. 张开；展开
 - spread out, decoil
vi. 张开；展开
 - expand, spread out
adj. 倾斜的；八字形的
 - gradient, raked
n. 展开；斜面
 - decline, inclined plane

Word: posse
Front: posse
[ˈpɒsi] (宝 16759/20586 -1)
Vocabulary: posse
(once / 2641 pages)
n
A posse is group of people who help the police force when necessary. In a classic Western movie, when the sheriff gathers together a posse, its members usually work to find and arrest the bad guys.
The classic image of a posse is from the Old West, of a group of armed cowboys on horses, in pursuit of an outlaw. Originally the term was posse comitatus, Latin meaning the force of the country. Today, the word posse is used most often to refer to a group of friends or people with some common interest, in a somewhat joking way, like your posse that gets together to hit all the garage sales together.
WORD FAMILY
posse: posses
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s the posse of foxy New York financiers who peel off their skiwear to reveal matching leopard print catsuits and ears.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Though Arpaio promised no taxpayer money would be spent on the investigation, the sheriff sent a deputy to Hawaii to accompany the posse’s top investigator.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The musician’s remarks praised James as “the son who honors and worships his mother, Gloria. The friend who put his posse in position.”
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 地方武装团队; 一队; 民防团
分布：一队(90%)，地方治安团队(10%)
→来自拉丁语posse,有权力，有能力，使能够，词源同possible,potent.后引申词义一群人，一帮土匪，受美国西部电影影响该词得以流行。
【记】读：炮死－用炮才能打死－因为他们有武装，而且不是一个人－民防团
US ['pɑ:.si] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people who have come together for the same purpose 一群（人），一批（人）
• The disgraced minister walked swiftly from the car to his house pursued by a whole posse of reporters. 那个被革职的部长从车里出来后飞快地向家里走去，身后追着一大群记者。
■in the past, a group of men in the US who were brought together to catch a criminal （美国旧时协助抓捕罪犯的）地方武装团队，民兵队
• The sheriff rounded up a posse and went after the bank robbers. 县治安官召集了一个民防团，追捕银行劫匪。
■slang
■a group of friends 一群（朋友）
• I was hanging with my posse. 我正和我的一群朋友泡在一起。
n. 一队；民防团；地方武装团队
 - covey

Word: naivete
Front: naivete
[nɑ:'i:vteɪ] (16782/37183)
Vocabulary: naivete
(once / 11611 pages)
n
If you suggest that world peace could be achieved by handing out cookies in warring nations, you would be revealing a certain amount of naivete. This is a lack of wisdom and sophistication.
Naivete has four syllables and is pronounced nigh-eve-i-TAY. The root naïve is a French adjective meaning “natural, just born.” Because it suggests innocence or ignorance, naivete is often associated with children, who lack experience and knowledge. But plenty of adults, too, display a certain amount of naivete when they make assumptions based on ignorance, an inability to grasp a situation, or a tendency to oversimplify complex things.
WORD FAMILY
naivete: naivetes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some say it is his lack of experience in foreign policy, or an oft-stated admiration for strongmen, or naivete about Russian intentions.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Yet it’s impossible for the xx to return to teenage naïveté.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In my grandiose naïveté, I again turned down the offer of stardom.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 天真烂漫，纯真无邪
分布：天真(69%)，质朴(31%)
n. 天真；质朴；纯真无邪；天真烂漫
 - simplicity, unsophistication

Word: slow-moving
Front: slow-moving
['sləʊ'mu:vɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 动作缓慢的，滞销的; 迟滞
分布：动作缓慢的(60%)，滞销的(40%)
adj. 滞销的；动作缓慢的
 - unsalable, unmarketable

Word: circumscribe
Front: circumscribe
[ˈsɜ:kəmskraɪb] (托宝 16931/19458)
Vocabulary: circumscribe
(once / 3074 pages)
1v 2v
To circumscribe is to limit or restrict. If you spend too much time watching TV instead of fulfilling other obligations, you might circumscribe your TV-watching time to one hour daily (or two hours, if your favorite show is on).
Circumscribe comes from the Latin words circum, meaning "around," and scribere, meaning "to write." If the word circumscribe causes you to think of geometry class, give yourself a pat on the back. In geometry, circumscribe means to draw one geometric figure around another figure so that the two figures touch but don’t intersect. If you studied geometry but this sounds unfamiliar, perhaps you should have taken our advice about watching too much TV.
WORD FAMILY
circumscribe: circumscribed, circumscribes, circumscribing, circumscription+/circumscription: circumscriptions/ scribe: circumscribe, scribed, scriber, scribes, scribing/scriber: scribers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their daily existence is circumscribed by the challenge of finding food to eat.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Fisher’s own role as public crusader would end, circumscribed by Pursglove’s interests.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
He has continued to fight on bravely, but his podium appearances and his travels outside Japan have been severely circumscribed.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 在…周围划线; 划定…范围; 限制; 限定
时态：circumscribed, circumscribing, circumscribes
分布：限制(84%)，确定...的范围(8%)，划一条线包围(8%)
→circum-,圈，周围，-scribe,写，划，见describe,script.
限制(circum+scribe写→规定范围→限制)[circum-表示"环绕,周围"]
立界限;限定(circum环+scribe→画上一圈→限定)[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
【记】circum圈，scribe画－画一个圈－限制（想想唐僧被孙悟空划一个圈，限制他的自由）
【参】describe（v 描述）；prescribe（v 开处方，规定）
【反】circumscribed（限制的）－unlimited（无限的）
US ['sɝ:-] verb
transitive often passive formal
■to limit something 控制；限制；抑制
• Their movements have been severely circumscribed since the laws came into effect. 自从这些法律生效以来，他们的活动受到了严格约束。
• There followed a series of tightly circumscribed visits to military installations. 随之而来的是对参观军事设施的一系列严格限制。
transitive specialized
■If you circumscribe a triangle, square etc., you draw a circle which surrounds it and touches each of its corners. 画（三角形、正方形等）的外接圆
vt. 限制；在…周围画线
 - block, set a limit to

Word: pita
Front: pita
['pi:tə] (16904/-)
Back: n. （希腊和中东地区的）皮塔饼
分布：龙舌兰纤维(50%)，龙舌兰(50%)
n. 皮塔饼；圆面饼
 - pitta

Word: monotonous
Front: monotonous
[məˈnɒtənəs] (研托雅宝 16805/13743 -1)
Vocabulary: monotonous
(once / 692 pages)
adj
When something goes on and on and on and on and on, the same way, for a long time, that's monotonous. Monotonous things are boring and repetitive, like that long story you've heard your brother tell a hundred times before.
Ever hear a song that just sounds like the same thing over and over? Ever hear a dog that keeps barking all day? Or a voice that's dull and unchanging in tone? All those things are monotonous: they don't change much, and they're dull as dishwater. Anything tedious or humdrum is probably monotonous. If someone says you're being monotonous, try to vary your tone of voice or the things you're talking about.
WORD FAMILY
monotonous: monotonously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buildings will be limited to 200 feet in length to prevent monotonous building bulk.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
When he carries on alone, speaking to God, questioning and suffering at great, monotonous length, his weakness becomes tedious, as does the film.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
After decades of monotonous overwork, that must seem like the twinkling of an eye.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音，话语）单调的，无抑扬顿挫的; 枯燥无味的
分布：单调的(100%)
→来自monotone,单调。
单调的(mono+ton声音+ous→一个声音→单调的)[mono-表示"单个,一个"]
a.单调的,无变化的My don't like my monotonous job.我不喜欢这个单调乏味的工作.
【记】mono单，ton声音，ous一单调的
【反】vociferous（adj 大声叫的；吵闹的）；piebald（adj 花斑的）
US [-'nɑ:.tˌən-] adjective
■staying the same and not changing and therefore boring 单调乏味的；毫无变化的
• a monotonous job 单调的工作
• a monotonous voice 单调的声音
• The music became monotonous after a while. 过了一会儿音乐变得单调起来。
dull, monotonous, tedious, dreary
这组词都有“单调的、乏味的、厌烦的”的意思，其区别是：
dull: 指缺乏鲜明、吸引力或情趣而显得乏味、沉闷。
monotonous: 指没有变化、重复单调的。
tedious: 侧重指文章、演讲、演出等冗长乏味或环境等单调、沉闷，缺乏活力，使感到不舒服。
dreary: 侧重无趣味的，不活泼的事或思想状态。
adj. [声] 单调的，无抑扬顿挫的；无变化的
 - same, flat, blank

Word: unwritten
Front: unwritten
[ˌʌnˈrɪtn] (16814/15468 -1)
Back: adj. 不成文的; 口头的，口传的; 没有记录的; 白纸一张的
分布：不成文的(83%)，口头的(6%)，没有记录的(6%)，没有写的(5%)
US [-'rɪtˌ-] adjective
■describes something that does not exist in a written or printed form 非书面的；口头的；不成文的
• an unwritten constitution 不成文宪法
■describes a rule or law which does not exist officially but which people generally accept and obey （法规）不成文的
• There's an unwritten rule that you don't wear jeans to work. 上班不穿牛仔裤是条不成文的规定。
adj. 不成文的；口头的；没有记录的
 - oral, spoken

Word: tried
Front: tried
[traɪd] (16821/14351 -1)
Back: adj. 可靠地; 经过考验的
v. 试图，努力( try的过去式和过去分词); 考验; 磨炼; 审讯
分布：可靠的(76%)，动词try的过去式和过去分词.(12%)，备受苦难的(12%)
verb past simple and past participle of
■ try
[traɪd] adjective
tried and tested/trusted
■used many times before and proved to be successful 经过考验的；证明了的；屡试不爽的
• I'll give you my mother's tried and tested recipe for wholemeal bread. 我会给你我母亲屡试不爽的全麦面包制作方法。
adj. 可靠的；试验过的
 - responsible, reliable, honest, safe, sure

Word: marginalization
Front: marginalization
[,mɑ:dʒinəlai'zeiʃən,-li'z-] (16849/37382)
Back: [医]边缘化
分布：排斥(67%)，忽略(25%)，使边缘化(8%)
VERB
使边缘化；使显得不重要;排斥
To marginalize a group of people means to make them feel isolated and unimportant.
例：The effect of this has been to increasingly marginalize the local authority sector...这件事的影响是使地方当局越来越受到排斥。
例：We've always been marginalized, exploited, and constantly threatened.我们总是遭到排挤、剥削和不断的恐吓。
n. 边缘化；忽视；排斥
 - negligence, exclusion

Word: ethnographer
Front: ethnographer
[eθˈnɒgrəfə(r)] (16688/29782)
Back: n. 民族志学者，人种学者
分布：民族志学者(100%)

Word: sod
Front: sod
[sɒd] (宝 35742/10560)
Back: n. 草地，草皮; <俗，谑>人，家伙; 故乡，本国; <英俚>鸡奸者，兽奸者
v. 铺草皮; 以生草土覆盖; 铺草皮于
时态：sodded, sodding, sods
分布：草地(45%)，诅咒(19%)，鸡奸者(14%)，家伙(14%)，用草皮覆盖(4%)，困难的事(4%)
US [sɑ:d] noun
PERSON 人
countable UK offensive
■something or someone considered unpleasant or difficult 讨厌的事物（或人）；难办的事
• Apparently he's a sod to work for. 显然为他这种人做事很麻烦。
• What did you do that for, you stupid sod? 为甚么要那样做，你这愚蠢的讨厌鬼？
• It was a sod of a car to repair. 这辆车很难修理。
countable UK offensive
■used to show that you think that someone has done better than they should （认为某人的表现超出预期时）小子
• He's won again - the lucky sod! 他又赢了——这小子真走运！
countable UK informal
■used to or about someone that you feel sympathy for （表示对某人的同情）可怜的家伙
• The poor old sod - I don't suppose he's got a home. 这可怜的老头子——我认为他没有家。
UK [sɒd] US [sɑ:d] noun
GRASS 草
only singular specialized
■a rectangular piece which has been cut from an area of grass （移植的）草皮，草地
• He worked fast, cutting and slicing the turf neatly, heaving the sod to one side. 他做得很快，把草皮一块块整整齐齐地切割开来并拖到一边。
only singular literary
■soil or ground 土壤；土地
• She sleeps beneath the sod (= She is dead and has been buried). 她长眠九泉了。
UK [sɒd] US [sɑ:d] noun
not care/give a sod UK offensive
■to not be worried about other people's opinions or actions 不担心；不在意
• I'm leaving and I don't give a sod (about) what Margaret thinks. 我要走了，我才不在意玛格丽特怎么想呢。
• She doesn't care a sod about her reputation. 她一点都不在意自己的名声。
UK [sɒd] US [sɑ:d] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [not continuous] sod off UK offensive
■to go away 滚开
• Oh sod off, you stupid git! 哦，滚开，你这白痴！
• She told him to sod off. 她叫他滚开。
UK [sɒd] US [sɑ:d] exclamation (also Sod it!) UK offensive
■used to express anger （表示恼火）该死
• Oh sod it - I've left my glasses behind! 哦，该死——我忘记拿眼镜了！
n. 草地；草皮
 - grass, lawn, meadow

Word: door-to-door
Front: door-to-door
['dɔ:rt'əd'ɔ:r] None
Back: adj. 挨户访问的，按户达的
adv. 挨户访问地，按户送地
分布：挨家挨户的(30%)，挨户访问地(28%)，送货上门的(28%)，按户送达地(14%)
US [ˌdɔ:r.tˌə'dɔ:r] adjective [before noun] adverb
■going from one house or building in an area to another 挨家挨户（的），逐户（的）
• He was a door-to-door salesman before he became an actor. 他当演员之前是个上门推销产品的推销员。
• She sells cosmetics door-to-door. 她挨家挨户推销化妆品。
UK [ˌdɔ:.tə'dɔ:r] US [ˌdɔ:r.tˌə'dɔ:r] adverb
■including all the stages of a journey from the beginning to the end 自始至终，从头到尾
• My journey from Cambridge to Paris takes five hours door-to-door. 从剑桥到巴黎这段旅程我一共花了五个小时。
adj. 送货上门的；挨家挨户的；按户达的
 - house-to-house

Word: inducement
Front: inducement
[ɪnˈdju:smənt] (16799/11692)
Vocabulary: inducement
(once / 1491 pages)
n
The act of persuading someone to do something is called inducement. If you're training a dog, you might use food as an inducement to make the dog do what you want. This works with some humans too.
The original meaning of the noun inducement came from the Latin verb inducere, meaning "to lead or persuade." Roman philosopher Seneca said, “There is no evil that does not promise inducements. Avarice promises money; luxury, a varied assortment of pleasures; ambition, a purple robe and applause. Vices tempt you by the rewards they offer.” So you can be seduced to bad behavior by some inducements or encouraged to good behavior by others. Would you like a treat?
WORD FAMILY
inducement: inducements+/ induce: induced, inducement, inducer, induces, inducing, inducive/induced: self-induced/inducer: inducers
USAGE EXAMPLES
During the height of their diplomatic competition, Beijing and Taipei frequently offered substantial economic inducements to woo allies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
If you need more inducement: the track absolutely slays, with one of the heaviest and best-produced guitar sounds of this year.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Earlier this year, Massachusetts offered General Electric a nine-figure package of inducements to move its headquarters from Fairfield, Connecticut, to downtown Boston.
Slate(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 诱导，劝诱; 诱因，动机; [法]引言部分; 刺激物
分布：诱因(73%)，动机(27%)
→来自induce,引导，诱使。
引诱;劝诱(induce+ment)[duc,duct=lead,bring,表示"引导,带来"]
【记】induce（vt 劝诱；促使；引起）根：duce引导
【区】indite引带她（v 作诗，作曲）；indict（v 控告，指控）
【反】deterrent（n 威慑；威慑物）
US [-'du:s-] noun countable or uncountable
■an act or thing that is intended to persuade someone or something 引诱；引诱物；诱因
• financial / cash inducements 经济／金钱诱惑
• Those tenants are not going to swap life-time security for shorter-term leases without some inducement. 没有甚么好处的话，那些承租户是不会用终生保障换取较短期的租约的。
• [+ to infinitive] They offered voters a massive inducement to oust the president by announcing that sanctions would be lifted if there was 'democratic change'. 他们宣布如果该国进行“民主变革”，制裁就会取消，以此巨大诱惑诱使选民罢免总统。
n. 诱因，刺激物
 - stimulus, irritation

Word: Freudian
Front: Freudian
['frɔɪdiən] (16263/16647)
Vocabulary: Freudian
(once / 9426 pages)
adjn
The adjective Freudian is useful for describing something that's influenced by or similar to the theories of German psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud.
A Freudian is a therapist who subscribes to the techniques for treating patients that Sigmund Freud developed in the late 1800's. A Freudian analyst, for example, typically spends a lot of time exploring her patient's childhood, interpreting dreams, and encouraging free association, or talking freely about whatever comes into the patient's head. Another common use of the adjective is in the term "Freudian slip," a mistake, especially in speech, which supposedly has a deeper subconscious meaning.
WORD FAMILY
Freudian: Freudianly, Freudians+/Freud: Freudian, Freuds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kate: It’s like a Freudian nightmare – it’s a giant Rorschach test floating in space.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Measurably more effective treatments alone sidelined Freudian doctrine.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
She proceeds to unpack the possible reasons for his obsession, genetic and Freudian, as well as her own complicated responses.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 相信佛洛伊德学说的人
adj. 佛洛伊德的；佛洛伊德学说的
分布：佛洛伊德的(44%)，佛洛伊德学说的(42%)，相信佛洛伊学说的人(14%)
adjective
■relating to the ideas or methods of Sigmund Freud, especially his ideas about the way in which people's hidden thoughts and feelings influence their behaviour 佛洛德学说的；（尤指）佛洛德精神分析法的

Word: succulent
Front: succulent
[ˈsʌkjələnt] (16797/19331 -1)
Vocabulary: succulent
(once / 4594 pages)
adjn
Succulent means "juicy" and is often used to describe food. Think a succulent piece of meat, or berries so succulent you’re left sucking juice off your fingertips when you eat them.
You can think of the word suck as hiding inside succulent––an orange you could pierce with a straw and suck the juice out of is succulent indeed. Or remember Desert Survival 101––find a cactus, an aloe, or another of the water-retaining plants known as succulents and drink from them.
WORD FAMILY
succulent: succulence, succulency, succulently, succulents+/succulence: succulences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The tiny pink shrimp were succulent and plump, bursting with brininess.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
This dish does exactly what it’s designed to do: Turn a tough, unattractive cut into a succulent steak.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
By itself, the roast chicken, crisp of skin and succulent throughout, would get me back.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 多汁的，多水分的，多汁性的; （植物）茎叶肥厚含水分多的，肉质的; 极有兴趣的，津津有味的，有活力的
n. 肉质植物; 多汁植物
分布：多汁的(43%)，肉质植物(35%)，肉质的(17%)，有趣味的(5%)
→来自拉丁语 succus,汁液，来自 sug,吸，来自 seue,汁液，液体，词源同 suck,soak,soup. 即多汁的，引申词义肉质的，后用于生物学类属指肉质植物。
多汁的[succ=juice(果汁)]
【记】succ＝suck（v 吸吮），ulent－因为多汁的，才能吸吮。
【参】suckle（v 哺乳；吮吸）
adjective approving
■Succulent food is pleasantly juicy 多汁的
• a succulent peach. 多汁的桃子
• a big piece of succulent steak 一大块鲜美多汁的牛排
['sʌk.jʊ.lənt] noun countable specialized
■a plant such as a cactus in which the leaves and stem are thick and can store a lot of water 肉质植物（如仙人掌）
• Succulents often have thick waxy cuticles to minimize water loss. 肉质植物通常有很厚的蜡质角质层，以使水分流失降到最低。
adj. 多汁的；多水分的；多汁性的
 - juicy

Word: dainty
Front: dainty
[ˈdeɪnti] (宝 16762/15385 -1)
Vocabulary: dainty
(once / 393 pages)
nadj
Dainty means tiny, delicate, and lovely, so you could describe a little china tea set as dainty, and you could also call the tiny cakes on the little plates dainty.
The original meaning of dainty, back in the 1300s, was "choice morsel of food," and it's still used that way to talk about a delicacy or a treat. More often, dainty is used as an adjective to describe something that's delicate and lovely. It's a compliment, unless it's used sarcastically to mean "someone who acts ridiculously prissy." An example would be to say, "Sorry I hurt you when I barely brushed against you. I didn't realize you were so dainty."
WORD FAMILY
dainty: daintier, dainties, daintiest, daintily, daintiness, daintyly+/daintiness: daintinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kashiba’s Crispy Rex Sole not only includes dainty fried fillets of fish but also the deep-fried skeleton, a crisp, salty, delicious bonus.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Plus, shaping the cookies into dainty lunettes without breaking them apart was a challenge.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
But the footsteps I heard were daintier, and I wasn’t near any houses.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 精致的; 娇俏的; （指人）品位高雅的; 难以取悦的
n. 美味，可口之物
级别：daintier, daintiest
分布：讲究的(37%)，可口的(31%)，优美的(13%)，适口的食物(13%)，小巧精致的(6%)
→来自法语，词源同dignity, 尊贵，美丽，字母g脱落。
精美食品(dignity的变体)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
【记】读：电梯。和美味佳肴没有联系，只好设想一个场景了：每天都坐电梯，全是臭男人，终于有一天，电梯里出现了18个（因为我家住18层，一层上一个）娇媚的女人，和！18盘美味的水果。太爽了！！！……………………………………别做梦了！继续！！
US [-tˌi] adjective
■small, delicate and often moving in a careful way 小巧玲珑的，娇小的，小巧精美的
• She was a small, dainty child, unlike her sister who was large and had big feet. 她是个身材小巧的孩子，不像她姐姐那样高大，而且还长着一双大脚。
• We were given tea, and some dainty little cakes. 有人给我们上茶并拿来了一些精致的小点心。
adj. 美味的；讲究的；秀丽的；挑剔的
 - delicious, elegant, particular
n. 美味
 - deliciousness

Word: Olympian
Front: Olympian
[ə'lɪmpiən] (16946/24404)
Back: adj. 威严的；奥林匹克竞赛的；奥林匹斯山的
n. 奥运会选手
分布：威严的(52%)，奥林匹克运动会选手(12%)，奥林匹斯山12神之一(12%)，似神的(12%)，奥林匹克的(12%)
→来自希腊语Olympos,奥林匹斯山，古希腊众神所在之所。引申词义神的，超凡的。
US [oʊ-] adjective literary
■having the qualities of a god 似神的；威严的，超凡的
• She has maintained an Olympian detachment from (= avoided being involved with and worried by) the everyday business of the office. 她一直很高傲，与公司的日常事务保持超然的距离。
UK [əʊ'lɪm.pi.ən] US [oʊ-] noun countable mainly US
■a competitor in the Olympic Games 奥运会选手

Word: bubbling
Front: bubbling
['bʌblɪŋ] (16803/15141)
Back: v. 起泡，使冒气泡( bubble的现在分词 ); （移动时）发出冒泡的声音; 洋溢着（某种感情）; 强烈感受
分布：冒泡的(64%)，动词bubble的现在分词形式.(18%)，气泡形成的(18%)
N-COUNT
泡；气泡
Bubbles are small balls of air or gas in a liquid.
例：Ink particles attach themselves to air bubbles and rise to the surface.墨汁颗粒附着在气泡上，浮到表面上。
例：...a bubble of gas trapped under the surface.困在液面下的一个气泡
N-COUNT
肥皂泡
A bubble is a hollow ball of soapy liquid that is floating in the air or standing on a surface.
例：With soap and water, bubbles and boats, children love bathtime.有了肥皂、水、泡泡和小船，孩子们都喜欢洗澡。
N-COUNT
（股票价值的）泡沫
A bubble is a situation in which large numbers of people want to buy shares in a company that is new or not yet financially successful, and pay more than the shares are worth. When it becomes clear that the shares are worth less than people paid for them, you can say that the bubble has burst.
例：Everyone is hoping that these hi-tech companies will turn out to be the Microsofts of the future. At the moment they look more like the focus of a speculative bubble...每个人都希望这些高科技公司能成为未来的微软。目前它们看上去更像是投机泡沫的中心。
例：When the development bubble burst, federal regulators started probing the balance sheets of the biggest banks.房地产开发泡沫破灭后，联邦监管机构开始调查审计各家大型银行的资产负债表。
N-COUNT
（漫画中显示人物对白的）气泡框，圆框
In a cartoon, a speech bubble is the shape which surrounds the words which a character is thinking or saying.
VERB
冒泡；沸腾
When a liquid bubbles, bubbles move in it, for example because it is boiling or moving quickly.
例：Heat the seasoned stock until it is bubbling...将调好味的肉汤加热至沸腾。
例：The coffeepot bubbled, filling the room with fragrance...咖啡煮开了，满屋子都是香味。
VERB
忙碌；活跃
If something bubbles, it is very busy or lively.
例：At the same time, the press bubbles with stories of the sale of Russian arms to Serbia...与此同时，报纸上登满了俄罗斯向塞尔维亚出售武器的报道。
例：The show bubbles like pink champagne with pretty sets, exquisite costumes and enchanting dance routines.这个节目满眼都是包装漂亮的粉红香槟、华美的服装和迷人的舞蹈。
VERB
不断出现；滔滔不绝
A feeling, influence, or activity that is bubbling away continues to occur.
例：... political tensions that have been bubbling away for years…持续多年的政治紧张局势
例：Rumours of financial scandals have come bubbling back to the surface...有关财务丑闻的谣言接连不断地冒出来。
VERB
滔滔不绝地说；洋溢着（某种感情）
Someone who is bubbling with a good feeling is so full of it that they keep expressing the way they feel to everyone around them.
例：She came to the phone bubbling with excitement...她走到电话旁，兴奋地说个不停。
例：She came back bubbling with ideas.她带着满脑子的想法回来了。
n. 冒泡， [化工] 鼓泡；气泡形成
 - effervescence, barbotage

Word: scruffy
Front: scruffy
[ˈskrʌfi] (16798/11803 -1)
Back: adj. 肮脏的，不整洁的; 破旧的; 邋遢的; 杂乱的
级别：scruffier, scruffiest
分布：肮脏的(38%)，邋遢的(34%)，破旧的(28%)
→scruff,邋遢鬼，-y,形容词后缀。
adjective
■untidy and dirty 邋遢的，不整洁的
• They live in a rather scruffy part of town. 他们住在镇上脏乱的地段。
• a small, scruffy -looking man 邋遢的矮个男人
adj. 破旧的；肮脏的；不整齐的
 - shot, shabby

Word: levy
Front: levy
[ˈlevi] (研托雅宝 13303/7232 -2)
Vocabulary: levy
(once / 459 pages)
1vn 2vn
Use the word levy as you would use the word tax: “When the state government imposed a levy on soft drinks, thousands of citizens took to the streets in protest.”
The word levy can act as either a verb or a noun in a sentence. The noun levy refers to a charge, such as a tax, fine, or other fee, that is imposed on something. The verb levy is used to describe the act of imposing or collecting the charge. If you need to raise money, for example, you may decide to levy a fine on your family every time you have to make the coffee in the morning. (Be careful though: your family may also take to the streets in protest.)
WORD FAMILY
levy: levied, levies, levying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Obamacare raises revenue through tax penalties tied to its insurance mandates, fees on insurers and levies on high earners and some investment income.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Nejedly, reached by telephone, railed briefly about the court fine levied against Lukoil Aviation Czech, before asking to see any questions in writing.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The report says lawmakers should refrain from levying the fees until more people are driving electric vehicles.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 征兵; 征税
v. 征收，索取; 征税，征集
时态：levied, levying, levies
分布：征收(64%)，征税(29%)，发动(4%)，召集(2%)，强收(1%)
→来自古法语lever,举起，词源同levitate,light.引申词义征收或收集，其原义可能是减轻别人的负担，后该词用于指征税或征兵。
征税(lev+y→提高［收入］→征税)[lev,live=raise,lighten,表示"提高,举起,变轻"]
n.征收,征税,征兵v.征收,征集,征用The police levied a fine on me.我被警察罚款.
【记】lev升起，y－把税收起来－征税
【反】rescind（v 废除）
noun countable
■an amount of money, such as a tax, that you have to pay to a government or organization 征收额；税款
• They imposed a 5% levy on alcohol. 他们对酒品征收5%的税。
n. [税收] 征收；征兵，征税
 - collection, taxation, expropriation
vt. [税收] 征收（税等）；征集（兵等）
 - toll
vi. 征税；征兵
 - tax collection, toll

Word: venison
Front: venison
[ˈvenɪsn] (16942/22952 -1)
Vocabulary: venison
(once / 1590 pages)
n
Bambi, beware. Venison is deer meat intended as food.
Venison is derived from the medieval French word venesoun, which originally described the meat of any large animal, not just deer. Back then, venison was as common as a Big Mac today (rather than as the fairly classy meal it's considered today). In Britain, before 1066, when the French came over and conquered them, the Brits had pretty simple names for their meat: cow, pig, deer, etc. The French, with their high regard for cuisine, changed all that, and the names became beef, bacon, and venison. The British, though, despite the fancy new names, famously refused to take cooking as seriously as their new French rulers.
WORD FAMILY
venison: venisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The program allows hunters to donate deer to be processed into ground venison, which ends up in the stomachs of hungry Iowans.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Hunters Sharing the Harvest is a 25-year-old, statewide nonprofit charity that distributes donated venison to food banks and food assistance centers.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
“This past year, it was some of the best venison I’ve ever eaten.”
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 鹿肉; <古>野味; 猎兽
分布：鹿肉(74%)，野味(26%)
→来自wen,努力，追求，渴求，词源同win,Venus,引申词义打猎，猎物，后特别指鹿肉。
【记】ven＝wen吻，ni你，son儿子：因为他送来了鹿肉
【参】venery（n 性欲；猎物）
noun uncountable
■meat that comes from a deer 鹿肉

Word: graphical
Front: graphical
[ˈgræfɪkl] (16927/7466)
Back: adj. 绘成图画似的，绘画的
分布：图解的(45%)，生动的(33%)，绘图的(22%)
ADJ
图（表）的；用图（表）表示的
A graphical representation of something uses graphs or similar images to represent statistics or figures.
例：A graphical representation of results is shown in figure 1.结果以图表形式呈现在图1中。
例：...a graphical map of Britain showing the party gains in each area.以图表标注该政党在各区获得选票情况的英国地图
adj. 图解的；绘画的；生动的
 - telling, live, vivid

Word: clapboard
Front: clapboard
[ˈklæpbɔ:d] (16767/38496)
Back: n. 墙板，隔板，桶板
vt. 遮以墙板
时态：clapboarded, clapboarding, clapboards
分布：隔板(49%)，护墙板(21%)，遮以护墙板(18%)，桶板(12%)
US [-bɔ:rd] noun
uncountable US
■a series of boards fixed horizontally to the outside of a building, with each board partly covering the one below, to protect the building from the weather （建筑物外墙的）护墙板，风雨板
• The town of Rockport is full of rows of white clapboard houses. 罗克波特镇到处是一排排装有白色护墙板的房子。
countable US for * clapperboard
n. [建] 护墙板；桶板
 - dado, weatherboarding

Word: numbered
Front: numbered
['nʌmbəd] (16815/13841)
Back: adj. 有限的，时日无多的
v. 数，算( number的过去式和过去分词 ); 给…编号; 总共
分布：有限的(65%)，总计的(15%)，指日可数的(10%)，动词number的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)
N-COUNT
数;数字
A number is a word such as 'two', 'nine', or 'twelve', or a symbol such as 1, 3, or 47. You use numbers to say how many things you are referring to or where something comes in a series.
例：No, I don't know the room number...不，我不知道房间号。
例：Stan Laurel was born at number 3, Argyll Street...斯坦·劳雷尔出生在阿盖尔街3号。
N-COUNT
(同 large 或 small 连用，表示约数)数量，数目
You use number with words such as 'large' or 'small' to say approximately how many things or people there are.
例：Quite a considerable number of interviews are going on...大量的采访在继续。
例：I have had an enormous number of letters from single parents...我已经收到了大量单亲家长的来信。
N-SING
若干/许多
If there are a number of things or people, there are several of them. If there are any number of things or people, there is a large quantity of them.
例：I seem to remember that Sam told a number of lies...我好像记得萨姆说过不少谎话。
例：There must be any number of people in my position.一定有很多人处在我这种境况。
N-UNCOUNT
(排名)第…号
You can refer to someone's or something's position in a list of the most successful or most popular of a particular type of thing as, for example, number one or number two.
例：...the world number one, Tiger Woods...世界排名第一的泰格·伍兹
例：Before you knew it, the single was at Number 90 in the US singles charts...转眼之间这张单曲唱片已在美国单曲唱片排行榜上排名第90位了。
VERB
总计;计有
If a group of people or things numbers a particular total, that is how many there are.
例：They told me that their village numbered 100...他们告诉我他们村子有100人。
例：This time the dead were numbered in hundreds, not dozens.这次死亡人数是数以百计，而非几十人。
N-COUNT
电话号码
A number is the series of numbers that you dial when you are making a telephone call.
例：Sarah sat down and dialled a number.萨拉坐下来拨了一个电话号码。
例：...a list of names and telephone numbers...姓名和电话号码表
N-COUNT
一段音乐;一首歌曲;一支舞
You can refer to a short piece of music, a song, or a dance as a number .
例：...'Unforgettable', a number that was written and performed in 1951...《难以忘怀》，一首1951年创作并演唱的歌曲
例：Responsibility for the dance numbers was split between Robert Alton and the young George Balanchine.舞蹈节目分别由罗伯特·奥尔顿和年轻的乔治·巴兰钦负责。
VERB
把…算作;把…归入
If someone or something is numbered among a particular group, they are believed to belong in that group.
例：The Leicester Swannington Railway is numbered among Britain's railway pioneers...莱斯特—斯旺宁顿铁路被看作是英国最早的铁路之一。
例：He numbered several Americans among his friends.他把几个美国人看成朋友。
VERB
把…编号;给…标号
If you number something, you mark it with a number, usually starting at 1.
例：He cut his paper up into tiny squares, and he numbered each one...他把纸剪成了小方块，然后逐一编号。
例：Each factor has been numbered.每个要素都编了号。
PHRASE
寿命不长;时日无多
If you say that someone's or something's days are numbered, you mean that they will not survive or be successful for much longer.
例：Critics believe his days are numbered because audiences are tired of watching him.批评家猜想他走红的时间不会长了，因为观众现在厌倦了他的表演。
PHRASE
…中的一员
One of your number is a member of your group.
例：Scientists like the idea that one of their number is close to the seat of power...科学家们欢迎他们中的一员接近权力中心的想法。
例：One of our number has made a very interesting design of flooring, which has won a prize.我们中的一名成员设计出了非常有趣的地板图案，还获了奖。
PHRASE
(非法的)彩票赌博，博彩
If you refer to the numbers game ,the numbers racket, or the numbers, you are referring to an illegal lottery or illegal betting.
adj. [计] 编号的；有限的；时日无多的；计数的
 - limited, finite, narrow

Word: counterattack
Front: counterattack
['kaʊntərəˌtæk] (16793/37142 -1)
Back: n. &v. 反攻，反击; 逆袭
时态：counterattacked, counter-attacking, counterattacks'
分布：反击(71%)，反攻(29%)
US [-tˌɚ.ə-] noun countable
■an attack intended to stop or oppose an attack by an enemy or competitor 反击；反攻
• The Republicans have launched a strong counterattack against the Democrats' manifesto. 共和党有力回击了民主党的声明。
vt. 反击；反攻
 - Break back, knock back
vi. 反击；反攻
 - Break back, knock back
n. 反击；反攻
 - retaliation, fightback

Word: dismayed
Front: dismayed
[dɪsˈmeɪd] (16835/13686)
Vocabulary: dismayed
(once / 1178 pages)
adj
When you're dismayed, you're aghast, or shocked by disappointment. Your dismayed teacher's face showed that she expected the test grades to be much higher.
Dismayed describes feeling appalled or distressed. The word implies a sense of being let down, the way you'd feel if your favorite baseball team lost the World Series, or if your birthday present wasn't the ticket to France you'd hoped for, but was just a pink sweater. You can also feel dismayed when expecting more from someone, like being dismayed to see your environmental science teacher throwing recyclables in the trash.
WORD FAMILY
dismayed: dismayedly, undismayed+/ dismay: dismayed, dismaying, dismays/dismaying: dismayingly/undismayed: undismayedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was similarly dismayed throughout the 2016 campaign to hear friends say that they couldn’t wait for the election to be over.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Butler’s immersion in the details of the nuclear command-and-control system left him dismayed.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Whether you are pleased or dismayed by the November 8 outcome, the election was not the end of the story.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊愕的; 惊慌的; 沮丧的; 失望的
v. 使惊愕，使焦虑，使气馁( dismay的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：惊慌的(50%)，灰心的(25%)，动词dismay的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
惊恐;焦虑;哀伤
Dismay is a strong feeling of fear, worry, or sadness that is caused by something unpleasant and unexpected.
例：Local councillors have reacted with dismay and indignation...地方政务委员的反应是惊恐和愤怒。
例：Lucy discovered to her dismay that she was pregnant...露西惊恐地发现自己怀孕了。
VERB
使惊恐;使焦急;使哀伤
If you are dismayed by something, it makes you feel afraid, worried, or sad.
例：The committee was dismayed by what it had been told...委员会对所告知的一切很是惊愕。
例：The thought that she was crying dismayed him.想到她正在流泪，他伤心不已。

Word: emigrant
Front: emigrant
[ˈemɪgrənt] (托 15516/15967 -1)
Vocabulary: emigrant
(once / 888 pages)
n
An emigrant is a person who leaves his or her home country to live permanently in another country. Many Irish emigrants came to the United States in the late 1800s.
The Latin root of emigrant is emigrationem, which means "removal from a place." Don't confuse emigrant with immigrant, which tells about the person's status in the new country. When you leave your native land, you are an emigrant, and when you are already settled in a new country, you are an immigrant. It's a subtle difference, but with an emigrant, the focus is more on the home country.
WORD FAMILY
emigrant: emigrants
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Renzi told a Belgian newspaper that early voting by Italian emigrants could help clinch a victory.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Castro painted the emigrants as either crazy or criminals, though later studies showed only 1% or 2% were actually from prisons or mental institutions.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Mexican emigrants sent home last year overtook oil revenues for the first time as a source of foreign income.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. （从本国移往他国的）移民
adj. 移居的，移民的，侨居的
分布：移民(60%)，侨民(18%)，移民的(11%)，移居的(11%)
noun countable
■a person who emigrates （移居国外的）移民 Compare immigrant
n. 移民；侨民
 - migration, transplantation
adj. 移民的；移居的
 - immigrant, migrant

Word: classically
Front: classically
['klæsɪklɪ] (16836/18530)
Back: adv. 古典主义地，拟古地
分布：古典主义地(44%)，拟古地(42%)，典型地(14%)
ADV
(在艺术、音乐、芭蕾舞等方面的训练)正规地，传统地
Someone who has been classically trained in something such as art, music, or ballet has learned the traditional skills and methods of that subject.
例：Peter is a classically trained pianist.彼得是受过正规训练的钢琴家。
ADV
基于古希腊和古罗马文化地;与古典文化有关地
Classically is used to indicate that something is based on or reminds people of the culture of ancient Greece and Rome.
例：...the classically inspired church of S. Francesco.受古典文化启发建立的圣弗朗西斯科教堂
ADV
(设计)传统地，古朴地，典雅地
Something that is classically designed is traditional, and beautiful in a simple way.
例：...five classically shaped vases...5只形状古朴的花瓶
例：Older women look best in classically elegant styles.年纪大一点的女性穿古朴典雅的服装最好看。
ADV
典型地;最常见地
You use classically to indicate that you are saying what usually happens in the case of a particular type of thing.
例：Classically, overweight people underestimate the volume of food that they consume.一般来说，超重的人往往低估自己摄入食物的量。

Word: forged
Front: forged
['fɔ:dʒd] (16810/15288)
Back: v. 锻造( forge的过去式和过去分词 ); 伪造; 艰苦干成; 努力加强
分布：伪造的(66%)，锻造的(31%)，动词forge的过去时和过去分词.(3%)
V-RECIP
缔造;建立
If one person or institution forges an agreement or relationship with another, they create it with a lot of hard work, hoping that it will be strong or lasting.
例：The Prime Minister is determined to forge a good relationship with America's new leader...首相决意要和美国的新任领导人建立良好的关系。
例：They agreed to forge closer economic ties...他们同意建立更加紧密的经济联系。
VERB
创造;开创
If you say that a person has forged something that you approve of, you mean that you admire them for having done something difficult.
例：The project will help inmates forge new careers...这项计划会帮助犯人开始新的职业。
例：Tito forged a unique model of communism after breaking with Stalin in 1948.1948 年铁托在和斯大林决裂后创建了一种独特的共产主义模式。
VERB
伪造，仿造(钞票、文件、绘画作品等)
If someone forges something such as a banknote, a document, or a painting, they copy it or make it so that it looks genuine, in order to deceive people.
例：He admitted seven charges including forging passports...他承认了7项罪名，其中包括伪造护照。
例：She alleged that Taylor had forged her signature on the form...她声称泰勒在表格上伪造了她的签名。
N-COUNT
铁匠铺;锻造厂
A forge is a place where someone makes metal goods and equipment by heating pieces of metal and then shaping them.
例：...the blacksmith's forge.铁匠铺
例：...Woodbury Blacksmith & Forge Co.伍德伯里锻造公司
VERB
炼;锻造
If someone forges an object out of metal, they heat the metal and then hammer and bend it into the required shape.
例：To forge a blade takes great skill.锻造刀刃需要很高超的技巧。
PHRASAL VERB
取得进展;稳步推进
If you forge ahead with something, you continue with it and make a lot of progress with it.
例：He again pledged to forge ahead with his plans for reform...他再次承诺会稳步推进自己的改革计划。
例：The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding.两家公司加快发展，改革创新，不断扩张。
adj. 锻的；锻造的
 - wrought

Word: opine
Front: opine
[əʊˈpaɪn] (宝 16834/21216)
Vocabulary: opine
(once / 4929 pages)
v
The verb opine is used when someone speaks up and expresses an opinion. You might opine that dogs are highly preferable to cats.
Whenever you have something to say about a subject, you have the option to opine about it or keep your mouth shut. Movie critics opine about the best films of the year, and kindergarten kids opine that they'd rather not take a nap. Opine can also describe what you suppose will happen, like when you opine that school lunches will improve because of the new cook. The Latin opinari, or have an opinion, is the root of opine.
WORD FAMILY
opine: opined, opines, opining
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1957, the New York Times opined in a front-page article, “It is highly improbably that the Second Avenue subway will ever materialize.’
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Yet, here is this vaunted genius opining in the august pages of the nation’s most revered newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“If Senate Leader Stewart-Cousins is a leader,” opined Mr. King, “now is the time to lead.”
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 认为，以为
时态：opined, opining, opines
分布：想(54%)，认为(46%)
→来自拉丁语opinari,发表观点，表达意见，词源同opinion.
【记】源于：opinion（n 意见）
【参】opinionated（adj 固执己见的）
US [oʊ-] formal
verb transitive
■to state something as an opinion 认为；发表意见说
• [+ speech] Power grows from the barrel of a gun, opined Mao Tse-tung. 毛泽东说： 枪杆子里面出政权。
• [+ that] Ernest Rutherford opined that his work on radioactive substances would be of little or no practical use. 欧内斯特‧卢瑟福认为，他对放射性物质的研究工作没有多少或者没有实际用处。
vt. 以为；想
 - think, like
vi. 以为；想；表示意见
 - calculate, think

Word: hyperactivity
Front: hyperactivity
[ˌhaɪpəræk'tɪvətɪ] (宝 16949/38350)
Back: n. 活动过度，极度活跃
分布：极度活跃(69%)，活动过度(31%)
ADJ
(人）过分活跃的，多动的
Someone who is hyperactive is unable to relax and is always moving about or doing things.
例：His research was used in planning treatments for hyperactive children.他的研究被用来为多动的儿童设计治疗方案。

Word: fastener
Front: fastener
[ˈfɑ:snə(r)] (六 16956/22292)
Back: n. 紧固件; 钮扣; 钮扣; 使系牢之物
分布：扣件(78%)，纽扣(9%)，结扎者(9%)，=fastening.(4%)
US ['fæs.ən.ɚ] noun countable
■a button, zip or other device for temporarily joining together the parts of things such as clothes 钮扣；拉链；扣件
n. 扣件；钮扣；按钮；使系牢之物
 - button, pushbutton

Word: six-pack
Front: six-pack
[ˈsikspæk] None
Back: n. 可装六个并可手提的厚纸板箱
分布：可装六个并可手提的厚纸板箱(100%)
noun countable informal
■six containers, usually bottles or cans , of a particular type of beer or other drink that are sold together as one unit （啤酒或其他饮料的）六瓶装，六罐装
humorous
■the well-developed muscles of a man's stomach （男子的）发达的腹肌； 六块肌

Word: eddy
Front: eddy
[ˈedi] (雅宝 25134/16912)
Vocabulary: eddy
(once / 1771 pages)
nv
An eddy is a whirlpool — what you stare at as a kid when the water is draining out of the bathtub.
Pronounced exactly like the name, “Eddie,” this word means to swirl in a direction opposite of the current. Any substance like water, fog, smoke, or air can create an eddy, but it is most commonly seen as a term related to water. Books from the "flapper" era of the 1920s often include a description of a nightclub with "an eddy of cigarette smoke above a woman’s head."
WORD FAMILY
eddy: eddied, eddies, eddying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many ocean phenomena, such as eddies, occur at these scales, so better maps would help to improve weather and climate-change models.
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
In a brisk breeze, snow eddies around my boots.
The Guardian(Nov 11, 2016)
“This is a place of quiet refuge, a kind of marvelous back eddy for nature,” he said on a recent walk through the property.
Seattle Times(Nov 06, 2016)
Back: n. （水、烟等的）漩涡，涡流
vt. & vi. 起漩涡，旋转
时态：eddied, eddying, eddies
分布：涡流(86%)，漩涡(8%)，旋转(4%)，起漩涡(2%)
→来自eti, 在上，再一次。词源同拉丁词etc.
【记】读：爱低（漩涡都是向下的－爱低）
verb intransitive
■If water, wind, smoke, etc. eddies, it moves fast in a circle （水、风、烟等）起漩涡，旋转
• The water eddied around in a whirlpool. 水流形成了一个漩涡。
n. [流] 涡流；漩涡；逆流
 - gulf, vortex flow
vi. 旋转；起漩涡
 - wheel, circle, spin

Word: rhetorically
Front: rhetorically
[rɪ'tɒrɪklɪ] (16831/21147)
Back: adv. 在修辞学上，讲究修辞地
分布：在修辞学上(60%)，讲究修辞地(40%)
ADJ
(问题)修辞性的，反问的，反诘的
A rhetorical question is one which is asked in order to make a statement rather than to get an answer.
例：He grimaced slightly, obviously expecting no answer to his rhetorical question...他微微皱了下眉头，显然并不期待任何人回答他的反问。
例：He made no answer to the Commandante's question, which had been rhetorical in any case.他没有回答司令官的问题，反正司令官只是反问一下。
ADJ-GRADED
(语言)夸张的，词藻华丽的，修辞的
Rhetorical language is intended to be grand and impressive.
例：These arguments may have been used as a rhetorical device to argue for a perpetuation of a United Nations role.这些论据或许是用来作为一种修辞手段来论证联合国将发挥长久的作用。

Word: meningitis
Front: meningitis
[ˌmenɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs] (16920/16907 -1)
Back: n. 脑膜炎
分布：名词(100%)
→来自meninges,脑膜，-itis,炎症。
US [-tˌɪs] noun uncountable
■a serious infectious disease that causes the tissues around the brain and spinal cord to swell 脑（脊）膜炎

Word: mastectomy
Front: mastectomy
[mæˈstektəmi] (16944/34988)
Back: n. 乳房切除术
分布：乳房切除术(100%)
→mast-,乳房，词源同mastitis,-ectomy,切除，词源同hysterectomy,anatomy.
noun countable
■a medical operation to remove a woman's breast 乳房切除术
• a partial mastectomy (= when part of the breast is removed) 部分乳房切除
• a double mastectomy (= when both breasts are removed) 双乳切除
n. [外科] 乳房切除术
 - mammectomy

Word: illustrative
Front: illustrative
[ˈɪləstrətɪv] (16962/15172)
Vocabulary: illustrative
(once / 2583 pages)
adj
A fight with your brother over who ate the most food may be illustrative of your competitive relationship with him. Something illustrative means it is a telling example of something else.
Within this word, you see illustrate which means to make something clear by using pictures or examples. Something is illustrative when it paints a perfect picture of a subject. If you're trying to describe something, an illustrative example might make it easier for your audience to understand what you mean. The tidiness of your sock drawer might be illustrative of your compulsive (or messy) nature.
WORD FAMILY
illustrative: illustratively+/ illustrate: illustrated, illustrates, illustrating, illustration, illustrative, illustrator / illustration: illustrations/ illustrator: illustrators
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Politics can be a moral arena where people come together to find common ground,” Jackson said, before moving on to an extended and illustrative metaphor.
Slate(Nov 27, 2016)
Both video and still photos will serve as an illustrative backdrop to the music.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Faces are no longer seamed, nor are raindrops stippled on the windowpane, cats high-tailed in a turf war, postage stamps vividly illustrative.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 用作说明的，解说性的
adv. 用作说明地，解说性地
分布：说明的(100%)
US [ɪ'lʌs.trə.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
■helping to explain or prove something 起说明作用的，作为例证的
• Falling house prices are illustrative of the crisis facing the construction industry. 房价的下跌足以说明建筑业所面临的危机。
adj. 说明的；作例证的；解说的
 - expository, explanative

Word: pesky
Front: pesky
[ˈpeski] (宝 16848/48758)
Vocabulary: pesky
(once / 9285 pages)
adj
Anything pesky is annoying. Pesky things get on your nerves, like pesky mosquitoes that ruin an outdoor movie or pesky ants that march away with all of your picnic food.
Pesky things are irritating, like small children who poke you on the leg for ten minutes while you try to discuss Nietzsche. A pesky fly dive-bombs by your head all afternoon. An itch you can't reach is pesky. The word pesky is an old word from New England, as in “like a pest,” but in a funny accent. Different people find different things pesky, but pesky things are never terrible, just very annoying.
WORD FAMILY
pesky: peskier, peskiest, peskily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In summary: the manager did his job, but was let down by the pesky players.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Those pesky midges were back en masse to pester players during an Astros-Indians game in Cleveland.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Some of these posters want you to believe the Death Star is the worst thing ever; others claim those pesky Jedi are the real menace.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. <非正>烦人的，让人讨厌的
级别：peskier, peskiest
分布：讨厌的(78%)，烦人的(22%)
→来自pest方言变体，-y,形容词后缀。即像害虫一样的，引申词义恼人的，讨厌的。
【记】源于pest害虫－烦人的
['pes.ki] informal
adjective [before noun]
■annoying or causing trouble 讨厌的；惹麻烦的
• Those pesky kids from next door have let down my car tyres again! 隔壁那些讨厌的孩子又放了我汽车轮胎的气！
adj. 讨厌的；麻烦的
 - evil, tight, rank, unpleasant, troublesome
adv. 极端
 - exceedingly

Word: fast-moving
Front: fast-moving
['fɑ:stm'u:vɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 移动迅速的，情节紧凑动人的
分布：移动迅速的(50%)，情节紧凑动人的(50%)

Word: dirty
Front: dirty
[ˈdɜ:ti] (中高 2869/2873 -K3)
Vocabulary: dirty
(once / 232 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3adj
Things that aren't clean are dirty. The greasy pans in your sink, your muddy shoes, your smelly dog, your strange uncle's jokes — all of these things are dirty.
When your car is dirty, you should to take it to the car wash, and when your hands are dirty, you need to be sure to wash them with soap and warm water. Some jobs are dirty, like mining, farming, and ditch digging, and the adjective dirty is sometimes used to mean "contaminating" or "poisonous," as with "dirty bombs." If you call your friend a "dirty rat," you mean to let him know you're disgusted with him.
WORD FAMILY
dirty: dirtied, dirtier, dirties, dirtiest, dirtily, dirtiness, dirtying+/ dirt: dirts, dirty
USAGE EXAMPLES
He means Dirty Mind, from 1980, on which Prince wears black bikini briefs and a flasher’s mac.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Grey’s track on “Narrative of a City” isn’t nearly as dirty sounding as the new stuff, but that’s because he was working minus outside interference.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Doing the laundry meant lugging the dirty clothes to a laundromat two blocks away with the children in tow.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶劣的; 肮脏的; 卑劣的; 下流的
vt. 弄脏，污染; 使名声受玷污
vi. 变脏，污染
时态：dirtied, dirtying, dirties
分布：脏的(37%)，肮脏的(27%)，弄脏(15%)，卑鄙的(8%)，下流的(7%)，玷污(3%)，不正当的(2%)，腐败的(1%)
a.弄脏的;下流的v.弄脏,玷污The virtueless girl's duty is to wash the dirty shirts and skirts in the outskirts.无美德女孩的职责就是在郊区洗脏衬衣和裙子.
US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
NOT CLEAN 肮脏
 ESSENTIAL
■not clean 尘土，泥土，灰尘
• Her face was dirty and tear-stained. 她的脸很脏，还留有泪痕。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
NOT HONEST 不诚实的 informal
■unfair, dishonest or unkind 不公平的；欺骗的；卑鄙的
• She played a dirty trick on me by telling me Diane was having a party when she wasn't. 她捉弄我说戴安娜要开一个派对，而实际上并没有这回事。
• The airline admitted being involved in a dirty tricks campaign to win customers from their rival. 那家航空公司承认参与了从竞争对手那里抢夺客户的不光彩行为。
• That's a dirty lie! 那是卑鄙的谎言！
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
NOT POLITE 不礼貌的 informal
■describes something that is connected with sex, in a way that many people think is offensive 黄色的，色情的，下流的
• a dirty magazine/film/joke 色情杂志／电影／笑话
• You've got a really dirty mind ! 你的想法太下流了！
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
do sb's dirty work
■to do something unpleasant or difficult for someone else because they do not want to do it themselves 替（某人）干烂工作，为（某人）做烂事儿
• Tell her yourself - I'm not going to do your dirty work for you. 你自己去告诉她——我才不会替你干这种烂事儿。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
do the dirty on sb UK informal
■to behave unfairly towards someone, usually without their knowledge 给（某人）背地里使坏，对（某人）偷偷使坏
• He can't forgive her for doing the dirty on him and having an affair with his best friend. 他无法原谅她瞒着自己去跟他最要好的朋友私通。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adjective
give sb a dirty look
■to look at someone in a disapproving way 怒视（某人），瞪（某人）一眼
• He gave me a really dirty look. 他恶狠狠地瞪了我一眼。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adverb
dirty great/big
■very great/big 非常大
• The power station's nothing but a dirty great blot on the landscape. 那座电站很是杀风景。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] adverb
play dirty informal
■to behave dishonestly, especially by cheating in a game 欺骗，耍猫腻，耍花招
• Dez likes football but he plays dirty. 德兹喜欢足球但常玩猫腻。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] verb transitive
■to make something dirty 弄脏
• Don't sit on the floor - you might dirty your dress. 别坐在地板上——会弄脏你的裙子的。
UK ['dɜ:.ti] US ['dɝ:.tˌi] verb transitive
dirty your hands
■to become involved in something unfair or dishonest 同流合污
• He refused to dirty his hands by lying about what had happened. 他没有同流合污，拒绝谎报实情。
nasty, dirty, foul
这组词都有“脏的，污秽的”的意思，其区别是：
nasty: 主要指特别讲究清洁的人感到讨厌的东西。
dirty: 普通用词，泛指被玷污或弄脏。
foul: 指由于腐烂、恶臭等造成的不干净，令人恶心。
adj. 下流的，卑鄙的；污秽的；恶劣的；暗淡的
 - poor, mean, blue, base, gross
vi. 变脏
 - soil
vt. 弄脏
 - soil, mud, spot

Word: sagging
Front: sagging
['sægɪŋ] (16820/21646)
Back: n. 下垂[沉，陷]，松垂，垂度
v. 向下凹或中间下陷( sag的现在分词 ); 松弛或不整齐地悬着
分布：下垂(71%)，松垂(20%)，缺陷(3%)，动词sag的现在分词.(3%)，凹凸(3%)
VERB
(中间部分)下垂，下弯，下陷
When something sags, it hangs down loosely or sinks downwards in the middle.
例：The shirt's cuffs won't sag and lose their shape after washing...这件衬衫的袖口洗后照样挺括，不变形。
例：The roof sagged at one corner, where the ceiling beams had snapped with rot...房顶的一角塌了下来，那里的天花板横梁已经腐烂断裂了。
VERB
(身体某部位)松弛，下垂
When part of someone's body begins to sag, it starts to become less firm and hang down.
例：He is heavily built, but beginning to sag.他体形健壮，但肌肉已经开始松弛。
例：...flabby thighs and sagging bottoms.软塌塌的大腿和松垂的臀部
VERB
消衰;委顿;萎靡
To sag means to become weaker.
例：The pound continued to sag despite four interventions by the Bank of England...尽管英格兰银行四次出手干预，英镑仍不改颓势。
例：Some of the tension Altman builds up starts to sag...奥尔特曼制造的一些紧张氛围开始缓解。
n. 下垂
 - ptosis, slouch

Word: harmonica
Front: harmonica
[hɑ:ˈmɒnɪkə] (托 16925/33924)
Back: n. 口琴
分布：口琴(96%)，玻璃琴(4%)
→来自harmony,和谐，和声。用于乐器名。
US [hɑ:r'mɑ:.nɪ-] noun countable (also mouth organ)
■a small rectangular musical instrument which is played by blowing or sucking air through one of the long sides at different places to make different notes 口琴

Word: madam
Front: madam
[ˈmædəm] (中四 16977/6683 -1)
Vocabulary: madam
(once / 196 pages)
n
Madam is a very formal way to address a woman, particularly an older or married woman. A waiter at a fancy restaurant might say, "Your table is ready, madam."
If a stranger calls a woman madam, he probably sees her as a mature, dignified person. If the woman is younger, she is more likely to be called "miss," and sometimes madam is abbreviated as "ma'am." Another kind of madam is a woman who owns or runs a house of prostitution. Madam comes from the French phrase ma dame, "my lady."
WORD FAMILY
madam: madams
USAGE EXAMPLES
And CBS’s “Madam Secretary” portrays the secretary of state as a working mother.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
I was so bored halfway through the first episode that I changed the channel and watched Madam Secretary instead.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
“If women rebel, it won’t be their madams who punish them, but Black Axe,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 女士; 小姐; 喜欢指使他人的年轻妇女; （妓院的）鸨母
分布：夫人(53%)，女士(31%)，太太(16%)
→来自古法语ma dame,即my lady.后用于对已婚女士的尊称。
noun
WOMAN 妇女
 ADVANCED (ALSO usually Madam) only singular
■a formal and polite way of speaking to a woman （对妇女正式而礼貌的称呼）夫人，太太，女士
• [as form of address] May I carry your cases for you, Madam? 需要帮您提箱子吗，夫人？
Dear Madam
 ADVANCED
■the usual way of beginning a formal letter to a woman whose name you do not know （正式信函开头对未知姓名的妇女的尊称）尊敬的女士
only singular disapproving
■a young girl who behaves like an older woman, expecting others to obey her 小妇人，喜欢使唤他人的年轻女孩
• She's turning into a proper little madam. 她正在变成一个十足的小妇人。
['mæd.əm] noun
SEX 性
countable
■a woman who is in charge of a group of prostitutes who live or work in the same house （妓院的）鸨母，老鸨
madam, lady, mrs, miss
这些名词均表示对女性的尊称。
madam: 夫人、太太，女士，小姐。与尊称男人的用词sir相对，多用于对已婚或未婚妇女的礼貌称呼，如店员对女顾客的称呼，后面不加姓名。如果已知对方的身份或姓名可在此词后面加上姓名职位。
lady: 女士，夫人，与gentleman相对，是对女性的礼貌称呼，多用于演讲或祝酒时称呼在场的女性。
mrs: 太太，夫人，是mistress的缩略形式，对已婚妇女的称呼。
miss: 小姐，是对未婚或不知婚姻状况的女性的称呼，与姓氏连用时应大写。
n. 夫人；女士；鸨母
 - Mrs, Miss, wife

Word: next-door
Front: next-door
[ˈnekstdɔ:] None
Back: adj. & adv. 邻家（的）; 隔
分布：邻家的(60%)，邻家(40%)

Word: jittery
Front: jittery
[ˈdʒɪtəri] (16861/21381 -1)
Vocabulary: jittery
(once / 9958 pages)
adj
Jittery can describe jerky or nervous actions. If you consume a lot of caffeine, you might appear jittery.
If a running back is darting around quickly and unpredictably, making herky-jerky movements, he's jittery. Also, jittery applies to people who feel nervous or tense. If you're worried about a test, you'll feel jittery. During the last minute of a basketball game, some players get jittery. Synonyms for this nervous kind of jittery are edgy, high-strung, jumpy, nervy, and uptight.
WORD FAMILY
jittery: jitterily, jitteriness+/jitter: jittering, jitters, jittery /jittering: jitteringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If Mr. Trump is stirring anxiety, or at least uncertainty, his picks and potential selections for senior national security positions are calming some jittery nerves.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Others tremble from side to side in jittery agitation.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“Trump just exacerbates all these things, raising the nervousness of an already jittery situation,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. <口>紧张不安的
分布：紧张不安的(43%)，神经过敏的(30%)，战战兢兢的(27%)
→来自jitter,抖动，剧烈跳动。引申词义紧张不安。
US ['dʒɪtˌ.ɚ-] informal
adjective
■nervous 紧张不安的；心烦意乱的
• He felt all jittery before the interview. 面试前他感到非常紧张。
■shaky and slightly uncontrolled 颤抖的，摇摇晃晃的
• I get really jittery if I drink too much coffee. 我咖啡喝得太多就会发抖。
adj. 神经过敏的；战战兢兢的；紧张不安的
 - nervous, ouchy

Word: thrilled
Front: thrilled
[θrɪld] (16872/9782 -1)
Back: adj. 非常兴奋的; 极为激动的
vt. “thrill”的过去式和过去分词
分布：激动(82%)，感到紧张(13%)，引起激动的事物(5%)
adjective
■extremely pleased 极愉快的
• [+ that] I was thrilled that so many people turned up to the party. 这么多人参加派对，我太高兴了。
[θrɪld] adjective
thrilled to bits informal
■extremely pleased 极愉快的
• She was thrilled to bits with her present. 她对她的礼物喜欢得不得了。

Word: Franciscan
Front: Franciscan
[fræn'sɪskən] (16902/22584)
Back: n. （天主教）方济会修士
adj. （天主教）方济会的
分布：圣芳济会的修道士(50%)，圣芳济修会(St(50%)
noun countable
■a person belonging to a Christian group originally established by St Francis of Assisi in 1209 方济各会修士（或修女）

Word: radio
Front: radio
[ˈreɪdiəʊ] (中高雅 904/1093 -K5)
Vocabulary: radio
(once / 171 pages)
nvadj
Radio is a way of transmitting sound using electromagnetic waves called radio waves. Nowadays, people usually only listen to the radio as they drive, but — before television — radio provided prime-time entertainment.
When you turn on your car radio, you probably take for granted the many choices of music and talk stations you can choose from. The radio's electronic components do the amazing job of catching fast-moving radio waves in the air and translating them into sounds you can hear. Radios were originally called wireless because they transmit energy using waves instead of wires. The Latin root of radio is radius, "beam."
WORD FAMILY
radio: radioed, radioing, radios
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Wildcats coach did not specify during his weekly radio show Monday night when the previously-taped talk with Pitino would air.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Billboards, TV and radio adverts all portrayed him as the face of a state hungry for success and growth.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
This year's top five will be revealed on BBC Radio 1 and online throughout the week, with the winner announced on Friday.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 无线电; 收音机; 无线电广播台; 无线电收发报机
vt. & vi. 用无线电发送讯息; 作无线电广播; 用X射线拍照
时态：radioed, radioing, radios
分布：无线电(54%)，收音机(45%)，用无线电通讯(1%)
→缩写自 radio-telephony,无线通话。
n.收音机;无线电报,无线电话v.无线电通讯My sister insists consistently on persistent resistance to transistor radios.妹妹一贯坚决主张持久抵制晶体管收音机.
US [-oʊ] noun (plural radios)
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a piece of electronic equipment used for listening to radio broadcasts 收音机
• a car radio 车载收音机
• I switched on the radio. 我打开了收音机。
 ESSENTIAL [S or U]
■the programmes that you hear when you listen to the radio 广播节目
• I heard a good programme on the radio last night. 昨晚我听到一个很好的广播节目。
• I don't listen to radio much. 我不常听收音机。
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■the system or work of broadcasting sound programmes for the public to listen to （无线电）广播系统；广播工作
• a local radio station 地方广播电台
• She's got some kind of job in radio. 她在广播电台找了份工作。
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a piece of electronic equipment that can send and receive spoken messages or signals, or the messages or signals that are sent or received 无线电收发设备；无线电通讯
• We sent a message over the radio/by radio. 我们用无线电发了一条资讯。
• The children had radio- controlled toy cars for Christmas. 孩子们在圣诞节得到的礼物是无线电遥控玩具车。
UK ['reɪ.di.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to send a message to someone by radio 用无线电发送（资讯）；向…发送无线电报；用无线电通讯
• We'll have to radio for more supplies. 我们将不得不通过无线电请求提供更多的补给。
• They radioed their base for help. 他们用无线电报向大本营求援。
n. [电讯] 收音机；无线电广播设备
 - receiving set

Word: sender
Front: sender
[ˈsendə(r)] (16830/12434 -1)
Back: n. 寄件人; [信]发报机，发射机，发送机，送话器; 发送人; （天线）引向器
分布：寄件人(62%)，发报机(27%)，送话器(11%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■a person who sends something 发送者；寄件人
• Postage stamps were introduced in Britain in 1840 as a way of showing that the sender had paid for the letter to be delivered. 1840年，英国开始使用邮票，以表明寄信人已付邮资。
• The letter came back with ' return to sender - not known at this address' written on it. 信被退了回来，上面写著「退还寄信人——此地址查无此人。”
n. [邮] 寄件人； [贸易] [通信] 发送人； [电讯] 发报机
 - transmitter, communicator

Word: scented
Front: scented
[ˈsentɪd] (16809/15129 -1)
Back: adj. 有香味的; 洒香水的; 有气味的
v. 嗅到(scent的过去分词)
分布：有香味的(90%)，动词scent的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■having a pleasant strong smell 香的，芬芳的
• scented notepaper 香味信纸
• The air was scented with lavender. 空气中弥漫着薰衣草的香味。
adj. 有香味的；有气味的；洒了香水的
 - flavory, sweet-scented
v. 嗅；使充满…气味；察觉（scent的过去分词）
 - nosed

Word: marginalized
Front: marginalized
['mɑː(r)dʒɪnəlaɪz] (16969/43322)
Back: 使边缘化
忽略
排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词)
分布：排斥(67%)，忽略(25%)，使边缘化(8%)
VERB
使边缘化；使显得不重要;排斥
To marginalize a group of people means to make them feel isolated and unimportant.
例：The effect of this has been to increasingly marginalize the local authority sector...这件事的影响是使地方当局越来越受到排斥。
例：We've always been marginalized, exploited, and constantly threatened.我们总是遭到排挤、剥削和不断的恐吓。

Word: enunciate
Front: enunciate
[ɪˈnʌnsieɪt] (托宝 16845/14512)
Vocabulary: enunciate
(once / 2463 pages)
v
Can't get your point across? Maybe you just need to speak more clearly or articulate your thoughts better — in short, enunciate.
Good enunciation is similar to pronunciation, but describes more specifically how clearly someone expresses themselves. The word enunciate is related to the Latin words for both "announce" and "messenger." So most likely those ancient Romans who created the word wanted a messenger who could announce things without mumbling, grumbling, and rambling.
WORD FAMILY
enunciate: enunciated, enunciates, enunciating, enunciation +/ enunciation: enunciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sher’s inwardness is blocked by a wall of sublimely enunciated words.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The play also enunciates its points a little too baldly in places.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 09, 2016)
It opens with a gathering squall, a pummeling snare drum and these carefully enunciated lyrics:
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: vi. &vt. （清晰地）发音; 确切地说明
时态：enunciated, enunciating, enunciates
分布：清晰地发音(100%)
→e-, 向外。-nunc, 通知，词源同announce, nuncio. 引申义清晰的发音。
清楚表达(e出+nunci+ate→讲出来→清楚表达)[nounce,nunci=speak,表示"讲话,说出"]
【记】e出，nunci＝nounce说－说出来－清楚地表达
【参】announce（vt 宣布；通告）；denounce（v 谴责）；pronunciation（n 发音）；enunciation（n 阐明）
【反】mumble（n /v 喃喃而语；咕哝）
[ɪ'nʌnt.si.eɪt] formal
verb
PRONOUNCE 发音
intransitive or transitive
■to pronounce words or parts of words clearly 清楚地念（字）；清晰地发（音）
• He doesn't enunciate (his words) very clearly. 他（说话）发音不是太清晰。
[ɪ'nʌnt.si.eɪt] formal
verb
EXPLAIN 解释
transitive
■to state and explain a plan or principle clearly or formally 宣布，发表；阐明，表明
• In the speech, the leader enunciated his party's proposals for tax reform. 在演讲中，这位领导人阐明了该政党的税收改革计划。
vt. 发音；阐明；宣布
 - bill, illustrate
vi. 阐明；清晰地发音
 - shed light on, explain clearly

Word: self-imposed
Front: self-imposed
[ˌselfɪmˈpəʊzd] (-1)
Back: adj. 自愿承担的; 自己强加的
分布：自愿接受的(70%)，自我加强的(30%)
US [-'poʊzd] adjective
■decided by yourself, without being influenced or ordered by other people 自己决定的；自己规定的
• The end of the year was their self-imposed deadline for finishing the building work. 年底是他们自己提出的完成建筑工作的最后期限。
• After the military coup, the family left for self-imposed exile in America. 军事政变后，这家人出于自愿逃亡到了美国。

Word: upper-class
Front: upper-class
['ʌpəklɑ:s] None
Back: adj. 上流社会的，中学（或高等学校）三年级的，四年级的
分布：上层社会(40%)，上层阶级的(40%)，上层社会的(20%)
adj. 上流社会的；上层阶级的；中学三年级，四年级的
 - fashionable, top-hat
n. 上层社会
 - aristocracy

Word: stunted
Front: stunted
[ˈstʌntɪd] (16864/19011)
Back: adj. 成长受妨碍的，矮小的
v. 阻碍…发育[生长]，抑制，妨碍( stunt的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：矮小的(43%)，发育不良的(41%)，动词stunt的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)
→stunt,发育不良，-ed,形容词后缀。
US [-ɪd] adjective
■prevented from growing or developing to the usual extent 妨碍…的正常生长；阻碍…的充分发展
• A few stunted trees were the only vegetation visible. 唯一能见到的植被就是几棵低矮的树。
• children with stunted growth 发育不良的孩子
adj. 发育不良的；成长受妨碍的；长得矮小的
 - hypogenetic, dysplastic

Word: postpartum
Front: postpartum
[ˌpəʊst'pɑ:təm] (16802/-)
Back: adj. 产后的
分布：产后的(100%)
US [ˌpoʊst'pɑ:r.tˌəm] adjective specialized
■after giving birth 产后的
• postpartum depression 产后忧郁症
adj. [妇产] 产后的
 - puerperal

Word: draconian
Front: draconian
[drəˈkəʊniən] (宝 16880/19138 -1)
Back: adj. 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严酷的; 龙一样的
分布：严厉的(79%)，残酷的(21%)
→来自古希腊首位立法者Draco，他将以前口口相传的法规以法典的形式加以明确并执行。但同时，由于这部法律过于严酷，即便微小的罪行也会被处以死刑，因此衍生词义严酷的。其字面意思为眼睛锐利的，词源同dragon. 比较同时期中国的商鞅变法。
【源】Draco：德拉古（雅典政治家，制定了雅典法典，虽然因其公平受到赞扬，但因其严酷而不受欢迎）
【记】读：住口！你！（赶快找一个人发泄一下背单词的痛苦，考他几个你不会的巨难单词，如果他不会还则罢了，反之对他严厉的大喊：住口！你！）
【反】indulgent（adj 纵容的）；mild＝genial＝lenient（adj 亲切的）
US [-'koʊ-] formal
adjective
■describes laws, government actions, etc. which are extremely severe; going further than what is right or necessary （法律、政府行为等）苛刻的，严厉的，严酷的
• draconian laws/methods 严酷的法律／苛刻的方法
• He criticized the draconian measures taken by the police in controlling the demonstrators. 他批评了警方在控制示威者时采取了严厉措施。
adj. 严厉的，苛刻的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, rigorous

Word: reprieve
Front: reprieve
[rɪˈpri:v] (宝 16877/15169 -1)
Vocabulary: reprieve
(once / 3114 pages)
1vn 2vn
A reprieve is a break in or cancellation of a painful or otherwise lousy situation. If you're being tortured, a reprieve is a break from whatever's tormenting you.
For some, a night at the opera is a night of punishing boredom during which the only reprieve is the intermission. For others, it's baseball that feels like torture. The seventh-inning stretch is the only reprieve from a night of endless waiting. Often, you'll hear reprieve used when a court or governor decides not to execute a prisoner. That prisoner is given a reprieve and will be allowed to live. He probably won't get a reprieve from prison, though, unless he's found innocent.
WORD FAMILY
reprieve: reprieved, reprieves, reprieving
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a brief reprieve, a Crawford 3 with 6:59 remaining started an 11-0 Iona run which put the Red Foxes away.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But how the reprieve became public Thursday drew scrutiny from open-government advocates and others.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the signature play on an unselfish night, providing a momentary reprieve from the uncertainty that Turgeon’s injury-prone team faces.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. [法]缓期执行; 给…带来缓解
n. [法]死缓，缓刑; 暂缓
时态：reprieved, reprieving, reprieves
分布：缓刑(75%)，暂时缓解(14%)，缓刑令(7%)，暂缓处刑(4%)
→来 自 中古 法 语 repris, 来 自 reprendre 过 去 分词 形 式 ， 来自 reprendre, 抓 回 ， 来 自 拉 丁语 reprehendere,抓回，来自 re-,向后，往回，prehendere,抓住，词源同 prison,reprehensible.其原 义为抓回监狱，送回监狱，后引申词义延缓死刑。拼写可能受-eve 影响。
【记】re再，prieve拿－再从刑场拿回来－缓刑
noun countable
■an official order that stops or delays the punishment, especially by death, of a prisoner （尤指对死刑的）撤销令，缓刑令
• He was sentenced to death but was granted a last-minute reprieve. 他被判死刑，但是就在行刑前一分钟被准予缓期执行。
■an escape from a bad situation or experience 暂时解救；暂时缓解
• The injection provided a temporary reprieve from the pain. 注射了一针后，疼痛暂时缓解了。
[rɪ'pri:v] verb transitive
■to stop or delay the punishment, especially by death, of a prisoner 撤销，缓期执行（尤指死刑）
■to provide something or someone with an escape from a bad situation or experience, especially to delay or stop plans to close or end something 暂时解救，暂时缓解；（尤指）取消关闭，暂缓中止
• The threatened hospitals could now be reprieved. 面临关闭危险的那些医院现在暂时逃过一劫。
vt. 缓期执行；暂时解救
 - stay of execution
n. 暂缓；缓刑
 - probation, suspended sentence

Word: candidly
Front: candidly
['kændɪdlɪ] (16893/21140)
Back: adv. 耿直地; 自然地; 率直地; 坦白地
分布：直率而诚恳地(50%)，坦率地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
坦诚的;直言的
When you are candid about something or with someone, you speak honestly.
例：Nat is candid about the problems she is having with Steve...娜特对她眼下和史蒂夫之间的问题毫不隐瞒。
例：I haven't been completely candid with him.我对他并非完全坦诚。
ADJ
(照片)趁人不备时拍摄的，偷拍的，抓拍的
A candid photograph of someone is one that was taken when the person did not know they were being photographed.
adv. 坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地
 - simply, frankly

Word: moat
Front: moat
[məʊt] (托宝 16816/12272 -1)
Vocabulary: moat
(once / 1660 pages)
n
Not many houses these days have a moat — it's a trench dug outside a castle and is usually full of water. A moat means "Keep out!"
You're most likely to hear about moats if you read a fairy tale or a history of medieval times. This water-filled ditch is one of the lines of defense for a castle. In the old days, it was pretty effective. If you filled the moat with a deadly fish — like a piranha — that was an even better defense. A moat is pretty much the opposite of a welcome mat.
WORD FAMILY
moat: moats
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Big breath, explode, keep it close,” Mr. Moat coached him earlier this month.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Souda camp is minutes from the central square in Chora, the main town, nestled in what used to be part of the castle’s moat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Moats cried when she saw photos of the rubble.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 壕沟，护城河
v. 挖壕围绕
分布：护城河(79%)，壕沟(17%)，将…围以壕沟(4%)
→来自古法语mote,城墙，护堤，来自拉丁语mota,城墙，小山，山上城堡，来自Proto-Germanic*muto,泥土，污泥，来自smut,污泥的，脏的，词源同smut,mud.后词义由城墙过渡到护城河。
【记】mo猫，at在：猫在护城河里玩耍。
US [moʊt] noun countable
■a long wide hole which is dug all the way around a place such as a castle, and usually filled with water, to make it more difficult to attack （城堡等的）护城河，城壕
n. [建] 护城河；壕沟
 - fosse

Word: cowardice
Front: cowardice
[ˈkaʊədɪs] (16879/18805)
Vocabulary: cowardice
(once / 1036 pages)
n
Cowardice is a lack of bravery. If you run away screaming when your Uncle Marvin shows up to the Halloween party in a clown mask, you will betray your cowardice — particularly if you're not a child.
The opposite of courageousness is cowardice. For example, not standing up for someone who's being bullied shows cowardice. The origin of the words coward and cowardice has been traced to the Latin word for "tail," coda, showing a connection with a popular phrase that describes cowardice: "walking away with their tails between their legs."
WORD FAMILY
cowardice: cowardices
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ben Jealous, the former President and CEO of the NAACP, said it was “all driven by corruption and cowardice.”
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Tony Chambers, vice president for student development at the college, called the note a “targeted act of intimidation and cowardice.”
Washington Times(Dec 05, 2016)
The president’s vacuous response to Mr. Castro’s death brilliantly reflected the moral cowardice of the “Obama Doctrine.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 懦弱，胆怯
分布：懦弱(100%)
胆怯(coward胆小鬼+ice)[-ice表名词"行为,状态"]
【反】pluck（n 勇气；v 拔毛）
N-UNCOUNT
惧怕;胆小;懦弱
Cowardice is cowardly behaviour.
例：He openly accused his opponents of cowardice.他公然指责对手胆小懦弱。
n. 怯懦；胆小
 - poltroonery, recreancy

Word: lined
Front: lined
[laɪnd] (16854/14609)
Back: adj. 有衬里的; 有内衬的; （纸）有横格线的; （脸上）有皱纹的
v. 排队( line的过去式和过去分词 ); 用线标出; [棒球]（击球手）击出（平直球）; 给…安衬里
分布：衬里的(55%)，具线纹的(30%)，动词line的过去式和过去分词.(15%)
→来自line,线，引申词义线条，衬里，皱纹。
adjective
■(of paper) having lines printed across, or (of the skin on the face) having lines because of age （纸张）印有横线的；（皮肤）有皱纹的
• lined paper 印有横线的纸
• His face was heavily lined. 他的脸上布满了皱纹。
v. 排队（line的过去分词）；填满
 - queued

Word: antigen
Front: antigen
[ˈæntɪdʒən] (16917/8386)
Vocabulary: antigen
(once / 31858 pages)
n
An antigen is a substance that your immune system reacts against. A harmful virus is one kind of antigen.
When your immune system detects some toxic foreign body or substance, it sends up defenses against this antigen called antibodies. This ability of your body, to protect you against bacteria and other antigens, helps keep you healthy. Antigen comes from a French word, antigène, from Greek root anti-, "against, and the word-forming suffix -gen, "thing that produces or causes."
WORD FAMILY
antigen: antigenic, antigens+/antigenic: antigenically
USAGE EXAMPLES
They found evidence for strong positive selection on the regulatory region of the human leucocyte antigen gene HLA-DQA1 in the ancient population.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Still, they’re closely monitoring what they described as a barely detectable but abnormally high level of the antigen.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
They use coding sequenced from the viruses to instruct cells to produce protein antigens, which induce an immune reaction.
Seattle Times(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 抗原
分布：名词(100%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根gen，产生，原。
【记】anti反，gen病原－抗原
US [-tˌi-] specialized
noun countable
■a substance that causes the production of antibodies in the body 抗原

Word: forty-three
Front: forty-three
None None
Back: 四十三
分布：四十三(100%)

Word: tidy
Front: tidy
[ˈtaɪdi] (中高研四六雅宝 9867/6376 -K2)
Vocabulary: tidy
(once / 724 pages)
1adjvn 2adj
Use the adjective tidy for something that is neat and clean. If your desk were more tidy, you would be able to find your computer.
Tidy (or tidy up) also means “to clean up” and is also a noun for a container for small objects, like scraps or sewing materials. These senses of tidy have a formal or even old-fashioned note. (We’re more likely to say clean, organize, or bin now in everyday conversation.) A less informal use is as an adjective, meaning “large.” If you can put the word tidy before your profit or the sum in your bank account, it’s a good thing.
WORD FAMILY
tidy: tidied, tidier, tidies, tidiest, tidily, tidiness, tidying, untidy+/untidiness: untidinesses/untidy: untidier, untidiest, untidily, untidiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s magical about “Paterson” — and what may frustrate those seeking a tidier, prosier experience — is its refusal to settle for clear answers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
His heists grew in finesse, and were always tidy and efficient.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
“Silence” is as visually striking as you might expect, but also overly tidy, clean and decorous, despite its tortured flesh, its mud and its blood.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 整洁的，整齐的; （数量）相当大的; 相当好的; 健康的
n. 盛零碎物品的容器; 椅子的背罩
vt. & vi. 使整洁; 弄整齐; 使有条理; 整理，收拾
时态：tidied, tidying, tidies
分布：整理(43%)，收拾(26%)，整洁的(19%)，整齐的(10%)，使整洁(2%)
→来自 tide,时令，季节，-y,形容词后缀，对应 timely.即适时的，当令的。引申词义情况好的， 整洁的，整齐的。
a.整洁的,整齐的v.整理,收拾The tides slide on the tidy wide beach and collide each other.海潮在整洁宽阔的海滩上滑行并相互碰撞.
【反】slovenly（adj 懒散的；不修边幅的）
adjective
ORDERED 整齐的
 IMPROVER
■having everything ordered and arranged in the right place, or liking to keep things like this 整齐的；整洁的，有条理的
• The house was clean and tidy. 房子干净整洁。
• My flatmate isn't very tidy. 我的室友不怎么爱整洁。
• neat and tidy 整整齐齐
• a tidy solution 条理分明的解决方法
['taɪ.di] adjective
LARGE 大的
[before noun] informal
■(of amounts of money) large （款额）巨大的
• His business deals make him a tidy sum. 他做生意赚了一大笔钱。
['taɪ.di] noun
a desk/car/sink, etc. tidy
■a small container for a few objects, that makes it easier for you to keep your desk, car, etc. tidy 写字枱杂物箱／汽车杂物箱／洗涤槽的过滤网罩等
['taɪ.di] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to make a place or a collection of things tidy 整理；收拾
• Tidy (up) these papers before you leave, please. 请把这些档整理好再走。
• I'm tired of asking you to tidy your room (up). 老是叫你收拾房间，我都厌烦了。
• Have you tidied up yet, kids? 孩子，你们收拾好了吗？
['taɪ.di] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] tidy sth away
■to put things back in drawers, cupboards and other places where they are kept, after you have used them 将…收起来，将…放回原处
• The children were expected to tidy away their toys before bedtime. 孩子们要在睡觉前把玩具收拾好。
orderly, tidy, neat, trim
这组词都有“整齐的，整洁的”的意思，其区别是：
orderly: 语义比上述几个词强，最常用。指把复杂细微的东西按其内在联系安排整齐，侧重井井有条。
tidy: 侧重整齐，井然有序。
neat: 指人或物外表既清洁又整齐。
trim: 着重因线条清晰、比例匀称而使外观呈现出紧凑和精确、美观。
adj. 整齐的；相当大的
 - considerable, ordered, regular, straight
vt. 整理；收拾；弄整齐
 - arrange, sort things out
vi. 整理；收拾
 - sort things out, put in order

Word: tint
Front: tint
[tɪnt] (托宝 15007/18719 -1)
Back: n. 色彩，色泽; 浅色; 气息，迹象，痕迹
vt. 染色; 着色于…; 染（发）
时态：tinted, tinting, tints
分布：色彩(65%)，染发剂(17%)，浅色(15%)，给 ... 染色(3%)
→来自拉丁语 tinctus,染料，染剂，词源同 tincture,taint.字母 c 脱落，引申诸相关词义。
【参】stain（n 污点；v 染污）
【区】tilt（v 使倾斜；以言词或文字抨击）
noun countable
■a small amount of a colour 淡淡的色泽（或色调）
• The paint we're using for the bathroom is white with a yellow tint. 我们刷浴室的涂料是白色的，但有点偏黄。
• The evening sky was deep pink, with tints of purple and red in it. 傍晚的天空呈深粉红色，夹杂着淡淡的紫色和红色。
■a small amount of dye , especially used on the hair, or the act of using such a substance 少量染料（尤指染发剂）；染（尤指染发）
• She's had blonde tints put in her hair. 她把头发染成淡淡的金黄色。
• I'm going to the hairdresser's for a tint. 我打算去美发店染发。
[tɪnt] verb transitive
■to slightly change the colour of something 给…轻微染色
n. [光] 色彩；浅色
 - hue, tache
vt. 染（发）；给…着色
 - dye, pigment

Word: interweave
Front: interweave
[ˌɪntəˈwi:v] (宝 16863/35631 -1)
Back: vt. 使交织; 使混杂; 织进
时态：interwove, interwoven, interweaving, interweaves
分布：使交织(58%)，使混杂(42%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，weave,编织，缠绕。
US [-tˌɚ-] (interwove, interwoven)
verb transitive
■to weave together or combine two or more things so that they cannot be separated easily 使交织；使紧密结合
• She has created an intriguing story by skillfully interweaving fictional and historical events. 她巧妙地将虚构的事件和历史事件交织在一起，创作了一个引人入胜的故事。
vt. （使）交织；织进；（使）混杂
 - raddle

Word: judicious
Front: judicious
[dʒuˈdɪʃəs] (托宝 16886/14135 -1)
Vocabulary: judicious
(once / 616 pages)
adj
If you're judicious, you've got a good head on your shoulders and make good decisions. Humpty Dumpty's decision to sit on a wall? NOT judicious.
As its sound implies, judicious comes from the same Latin word from which we get judge and judiciary, and not surprisingly a judicious decision is one that only comes after all sides have been weighed up and opposing points of view taken into consideration. Judicious decisions are never split-second decisions.
WORD FAMILY
judicious: injudicious, judiciously, judiciousness+/ injudicious: injudiciousest, injudiciously, injudiciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Nor does the committee include anyone who might advocate a more judicious approach to regulating the industry.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“We trust that District Attorney Clark will present the evidence in a fair, reasoned and judicious manner,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
He also understands the judicious use of military power.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 明智的; 有见识的; 判断正确的; 审慎的
分布：明智的(65%)，审慎的(20%)，贤明的(15%)
→来自拉丁语iudicare,审判，判决，判断，词源同judge.即有判断力的，明智的，审慎的。
明智的;有判断力的(judic+ious→有判断力的)[judg,judic=judge,表示"判断"]
【记】源于：judge（n 法官；v 判断）
【参】judicial（adj 司法的；公正的）
【反】unwise（adj 愚笨的）；daft（adj 愚蠢的）；imprudent（adj 轻率的）
adjective
■having or showing reason and good judgment in making decisions 明断的；明智而审慎的
• We should make judicious use of the resources available to us. 我们应当审慎使用现有的资源。
judicial, judicious
这是一组形近易混词。
judicial: a.司法的，法律的，法庭的。
 • The judicial system settles arguments between people.   司法系统解决人与人之间的争端。
judicious: a.果断的，明智的，是个正式用语。
 • He made a judicious decision to save money for his old age.   他做了一个明智的决定，要为他的晚年攒钱。
adj. 明智的；头脑精明的；判断正确的
 - wise, advisable, sensible

Word: bigot
Front: bigot
[ˈbɪgət] (宝 16852/23289)
Vocabulary: bigot
(once / 933 pages)
n
A bigot is someone who doesn't tolerate people of different races or religions. If you have an uncle who is a bigot and tells racist jokes at Thanksgiving, you may need to talk to him and tell him it's not okay.
A bigot can also be someone who refuses to accept other ideas, as in politics. This word was borrowed from Middle French, but the French word is of uncertain origin. In Old French bigot was a term of abuse for Normans, and possibly related to the oath bi got "by God." In English and French, a bigot was originally a hypocrite, a person who claims to have certain moral beliefs but whose behavior doesn't match those beliefs. A bigot was specifically a hypocritical professor of religion, but the connection with the current sense of bigot is not clear.
WORD FAMILY
bigot: bigoted, bigotry, bigots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everything is bigger in Texas, even the bigots.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
It is set in Hiaasen’s native Florida where bigots, corrupt lawyers, politicians and pharmaceutical companies, the mafia and red-neck reality shows are all lampooned.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Immigrants and minorities are fearful, bigots are emboldened, discourse is coarsened.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 抱偏见的人，执拗的人，心胸狭窄的人
分布：顽固者(100%)
→来自口语by god , 形容某些常常以神之名拿神说事的人。
顽固而心胸狭窄的人(中世纪英语bigod=bygod的变体)[-ot表名词"…人"]
【源】偏执的人更接近上帝。传说第一位诺曼底公爵罗洛拒绝亲吻法国皇帝查理三世的脚时，说了bi got这个词，相当于今天的by God（老天作证）。所以bigot是法国人对诺曼底人的蔑称，但是无宗教色彩。
【记】bi两个，got，得到－两个都想得到的人－就是鱼与熊掌都想得到的人－固执己见的人be got：被宗教抓住的人－盲信者
['bɪg.ət] disapproving
noun countable
■a person who has strong, unreasonable beliefs and who thinks that anyone who does not have the same beliefs is wrong 偏执的人，固执己见的人
• a religious bigot 宗教偏执狂
• He was known to be a loud-mouthed, opinionated bigot. 大家都知道他是一个高谈阔论、固执己见的偏执狂。
n. 偏执的人；顽固者；盲信者
 - fanatic

Word: interminable
Front: interminable
[ɪnˈtɜ:mɪnəbl] (宝 16867/14265 -1)
Vocabulary: interminable
(once / 1282 pages)
adj
Use interminable to describe something that has or seems to have no end. Your math class. Your sister's violin recital. A babysitting job where five kids are going through your purse and the parents didn't leave a number.
Something that is interminable is often boring, annoying, or hard to bear, such as an interminable noise. A near synonym is incessant, which also refers to something unpleasant that continues without stopping. It descends from the Latin prefix in- "not," terminare "to end," and the suffix -abilis "able to." Latin terminare is also the source of the English verb terminate "to end" and the corresponding noun termination "an act of ending something."
WORD FAMILY
interminable: interminably+/terminable: interminable / terminal: subterminal, terminally, terminals/ terminate: terminable, terminated, terminates, terminating, termination, terminative/ termination: terminations/terminative: terminatively/ terminus: terminal, terminate, termini, terminuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I used to think that an abyss is a moment of despair becoming interminable; but any moment, even the direst, is bound to end.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Even before November, the year felt, to me, like a single sleepless night spent absorbing an interminable series of nightmares through my phone.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
After practice: Team lunch, followed by one more film session, team dinner and then the long, interminable wait before Saturday’s 5 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 冗长的; 无止境的; 没完没了
分布：冗长的(80%)，无止尽的(20%)
→in-,不，非，terminable,终结的，终止的。
无穷无尽的(in无+termin+adle→没有界限的→无穷无尽的)[termin=limit,表示"界限"]
【记】terminable（adj 可终止的；有期限的）；terminate（v 停止；终止）inter中，min民，able：中国的人民是无尽头的
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■continuing for too long and therefore boring or annoying 无休止的，冗长不堪的
• an interminable delay 没完没了的延误
• his interminable stories 他讲的一些冗长乏味的故事
adj. 冗长的；无止尽的
 - verbose, prolix

Word: affiliated
Front: affiliated
[əˈfɪlieɪtɪd] (16859/21278)
Vocabulary: affiliated
(once / 3186 pages)
adj
If two things are affiliated, they are closely associated or connected with one another. When you join a cause, you become affiliated with it and what it represents. You learned to choose your battles more carefully after becoming affiliated with the "Save the Pigeons" campaign.
Coming from the verb "affiliate," the adjective affiliated shares its history, starting with the Latin stem affiliare, meaning "to adopt." As such, we "adopt" the ideals and goals of groups with which we join and become affiliated. You could be affiliated with a particular church or temple. As a celebrity, you are affiliated with a number of charities. There is also a legal meaning, whereby a mother can affiliate a child, or declare its paternity.
WORD FAMILY
affiliated: unaffiliated+/ affiliate: affiliated, affiliates, affiliating, affiliation / affiliation: affiliations, reaffiliation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cox said the plane is kept at a hangar at the airfield, but the six people aboard the aircraft aren’t affiliated with OSU.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A representative of the ruling party said it didn’t pay Red Shirts, and the government said it wasn’t affiliated with them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Mr. Gulen’s followers number in the millions, and businessmen affiliated with the cleric include those at some of Turkey’s largest companies.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 使隶属于（ affiliate的过去式和过去分词）; 接纳; 使发生联系
adj. 隶属的
分布：有关连的(50%)，附属的(50%)
ADJ
隶属的；附属的
If an organization is affiliated with another larger organization, it is officially connected with the larger organization or is a member of it.
例：There are 73 unions affiliated to the Trades Union Congress.共有73家工会隶属于英国职工大会。
例：...the United Nations and its affiliated organisations.联合国及其附属机构
ADJ
（专业人员如医生或律师）与…有正式关系的，为…工作的
If a professional person, such as a lawyer or doctor, is affiliated with an organization, they are officially connected with that organization or do some official work for it.
例：He will remain affiliated with the firm as a special associate director.他将作为特别副经理继续为该公司工作。
例：...our affiliated members.我们所有的正式成员
adj. 附属的；有关连的
 - subsidiary, accessorial

Word: evocation
Front: evocation
[ˌi:vəʊ'keɪʃn] (16844/20070)
Vocabulary: evocation
(once / 10864 pages)
n
Does the taste of a particular candy bar suddenly whisk you back to an earlier time in your life? That's an evocation, the summoning, usually unconscious, of a memory or emotional state caused by a particular stimulus.
The word invocation is often used interchangeably with evocation, though in fact they have quite different meanings. An invocation is a deliberate — as opposed to accidental or unconscious — summoning of a God or other form of supernatural power for aid. Very different, you'll agree. Unless of course you're trying to invoke the God of candy bars.
WORD FAMILY
evocation: evocations+/ evocative: evocatively/ evoke: evocation, evocative, evoked, evokes, evoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
A fittingly memorable evocation of a defining chapter in the island’s history.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
The movie’s murder-mystery heart never truly gets pumping, though; the psychological games prove far less tantalizing than the filmmaker’s evocation of a wintry 1960 Northeast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Maybe there’s something a little dated in the mannerism that Mr. Redbone brings to his evocation of the Delta bluesman Robert Johnson.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 唤出，唤起，招魂
分布：唤起(51%)，招魂(31%)，引起(18%)
N-VAR
唤起;引起;再现
An evocation of something involves creating an image or impression of it.
例：...a perfect evocation of the period.极大地唤起了对那段时间的回忆

Word: rioting
Front: rioting
[ˈraɪətɪŋ] (16858/12253)
Back: n. 暴乱，骚乱
v. 暴动，闹事( riot的现在分词 )
分布：骚乱(44%)，暴乱(41%)，闹事(11%)，喧闹(4%)
N-COUNT
暴乱;骚动;暴动
When there is a riot, a crowd of people behave violently in a public place, for example they fight, throw stones, or damage buildings and vehicles.
例：Twelve inmates have been killed during a riot at the prison.12名犯人在一场监狱暴乱中被杀害。
VERB
闹事;发动暴乱
If people riot, they behave violently in a public place.
例：Last year 600 inmates rioted, starting fires and building barricades...去年，600名犯人闹事，他们纵火并设置路障。
例：They rioted in protest against the government.他们发动暴乱，以抗议政府的行为。
N-SING
五颜六色;丰富多彩;各种各样
If you say that there is a riot of something pleasant such as colour, you mean that there is a large amount of various types of it.
例：All the cacti were in flower, so that the desert was a riot of colour...所有的仙人掌都开花了，整个沙漠里五彩缤纷。
例：With Indian cuisine, you expect a riot of tastes and spices.印度菜肴口味丰富，并添加各种香料。
PHRASE
严厉警告…停止闹事;严厉警告…注意言行
If someone in authority reads you the riot act, they tell you that you will be punished unless you start behaving properly.
例：I'm glad you read the riot act to Billy. He's still a kid and still needs to be told what to do.我很高兴你警告比利不许胡闹。他还是个孩子，仍然需要有人告诉他该做什么。
PHRASE
失去控制;变得狂乱;无法无天
If people run riot, they behave in a wild and uncontrolled manner.
例：Rampaging prisoners ran riot through Strangeways jail.斯特兰韦斯监狱里那些狂暴的囚犯们全都失去了控制。
PHRASE
(想象力等)狂野，不受拘束，任意发挥
If something such as your imagination runs riot, it is not limited or controlled, and produces ideas that are new or exciting, rather than sensible.
例：A conservatory offers the perfect excuse to let your imagination run riot.音乐学院让你有充分的理由任想象力自由驰骋。
例：We have no proof and when there is no proof, rumour runs riot.我们没有证据，只要没有证据，谣言就会满天飞。
n. 暴乱
 - commotion

Word: choppy
Front: choppy
[ˈtʃɒpi] (托 16878/20404)
Vocabulary: choppy
(once / 8808 pages)
adj
When water is choppy, it's wind-blown and rippling with waves. It's tricky for a beginner to sail in a choppy lake.
Choppy usually describes what happens to the surface of a body of water during a storm. Strong wind blowing across a bay, for example, turns the water choppy and rough. Something with a jerky, abrupt way of moving or flowing is also choppy, whether it's a piece of music or a filmed scene in a movie. In the 1600s, a stormy sea was described as chopping, which had changed to choppy by about 1830.
WORD FAMILY
choppy: choppier, choppiest, choppily, choppiness+/ chop: chopped, chopper, chopping, choppy, chops/chopper: choppers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were drifting on choppy waves at least a mile off the coast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Things are getting choppy in New York’s once-rocketing residential real estate market.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The figures are often choppy week to week, but broader trends suggest an exceptionally low level of layoffs.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. （指海洋）波浪起伏的
级别：choppier, choppiest
分布：波涛汹涌的(78%)，有裂痕的(11%)，突变的(11%)
US ['tʃɑ:.pi] adjective
■(of sea, lakes or rivers) with a lot of small, rough waves caused by the wind （大海、湖泊或河流）波浪滔滔的，波澜起伏的
adj. 波涛汹涌的；波浪起伏的；不断改变方向的
 - surfy, surgy

Word: precipitous
Front: precipitous
[prɪˈsɪpɪtəs] (托 16908/20913 -1)
Vocabulary: precipitous
(once / 1544 pages)
adj
A sharp, steep drop — whether it's in a stock price, a roller coaster, or a star's popularity — could be described as a precipitous one. Put simply, precipitous means perilously steep.
Look closely and you'll spot most of the word precipice (a sheer, almost vertical cliff) in precipitous. Now imagine how you'd feel standing at the edge peering over, and you'll grasp the sense of impending danger that precipitous tends to imply. Precipitous declines in sales lead to bankruptcy. Precipitous mountainside hiking trails are not for the acrophobic. It can describe an ascent, but precipitous is most often used for things going literally or figuratively downhill.
WORD FAMILY
precipitous: precipitously, precipitousness+/ precipice: precipices, precipitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The possibility of precipitous decline in those areas is clear, Dr. Durant said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His precipitous, political and irrational pullout from Iraq created the space for Islamic State to flourish.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
A baby ibex on a precipitous cliff edge.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 险峻的; 多悬崖的; 急躁的; 鲁莽的
分布：险峻的(70%)，急躁的(17%)，突然的(13%)
→来自precipitate,一头栽下，-ous,形容词后缀。引申词义陡峭的，仓促的，贸然的。
【记】pre（提前）＝c中以落下），oas－仓促的
【反】gradually sloping（渐渐平缓）；level（adj 同高的；平坦的）；slope slowly（慢慢倾斜）
US [pri:'sɪp.ɪ.tˌəs] adjective
■If a slope is precipitous, it is very steep 陡峭的，陡峻的
• a precipitous mountain path 陡峭的山路
■If a reduction or increase is precipitous, it is fast or great 骤然的，急遽的
• Over the past 18 months, there has been a precipitous fall in car sales. 在过去的18个月内汽车销量暴跌。
adj. 险峻的；急躁的，鲁莽的
 - rapid, bold

Word: merciless
Front: merciless
[ˈmɜ:sɪləs] (托 16892/19050 -1)
Vocabulary: merciless
(once / 1022 pages)
adj
Use the adjective merciless to describe someone who acts in a cruel, heartless way. You could accuse your rabbit-hunting brother of being merciless.
Merciless is the antonym, or opposite, of "merciful." If a person shows no mercy or pity, she is merciless. This can describe a cruelly violent person, or it can be more figurative: "The torrential rain was merciless, pouring down on the wedding party as they ran to take cover." The root word is mercy, which comes from the French merci, "reward, gift, or kindness."
WORD FAMILY
merciless: mercilessly, mercilessness+/ merciful: mercifuler, mercifully, mercifulness, unmerciful/ mercy: mercies, merciful, merciless /unmerciful: unmercifully, unmercifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
What version of Rousey enters the Octagon—the merciless wrecking machine of her win streak, or somebody different—is unknown.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
They would later endure the merciless pillaging and wars of Mongol marauders.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The French-Canadian auteur’s film premiered at Cannes, where the reactions were swift and often merciless -- decrying, among other things, a shrill tone and in-your-face dysfunction.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 残忍的; 无怜悯之心的; 蛇蝎心肠; 无情
分布：无情的(65%)，残忍的(24%)，无慈悲心的(11%)
→mercy,宽大，怜悯，仁慈，-less,无，没有。引申词义无情的，残忍的。
【记】源于：mercy（n 仁慈）
US ['mɝ:-] disapproving
adjective
■having or showing no mercy 冷酷无情的，残忍的，毫无怜悯之心的
• There are reports of merciless attacks on innocent civilians. 有报道说无辜平民受到了残酷无情的袭击。
• There was no shelter from the merciless (= very strong) heat. 滚滚热浪袭来，人们无处可躲。
adj. 残忍的；无慈悲心的
 - cruel, brutal

Word: orchestral
Front: orchestral
[ɔ:ˈkestrəl] (16850/13143)
Back: adj. 管弦乐队（演奏）的，为管弦乐队演奏的; 管弦乐队的
分布：管弦乐队的(50%)，管弦乐的(50%)
→来自orchestra,管弦乐。
ADJ
管弦乐队的；管弦乐的
Orchestral means relating to an orchestra and the music it plays.
例：...an orchestral concert.管弦乐音乐会

Word: bouncing
Front: bouncing
[ˈbaʊnsɪŋ] (16887/19674 -1)
Back: adj. 精力充沛的; 精神饱满的; 活泼的
vt. “bounce”的现在分词
分布：跳跃的(41%)，健壮的(26%)，巨大的(17%)，精神饱满的(11%)，动词bounce的现在分词形式.(5%)
adjective [before noun]
■(especially of a baby) healthy and energetic （尤指婴儿）健壮的，活跃的，精力旺盛的
• We've got two grandchildren - a three-year-old girl and a bouncing baby boy. 我们有两个孙辈的孩子——一个三岁的女孩和一个健壮的男婴。
adj. 跳跃的；巨大的；活泼的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, alive

Word: absurdly
Front: absurdly
[əb'sɜ:dlɪ] (16888/14080)
Back: adv. 荒谬地，荒唐地
分布：荒诞地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
荒谬的；荒唐的；不合理的
If you say that something is absurd, you are criticizing it because you think that it is ridiculous or that it does not make sense.
例：It is absurd to be discussing compulsory redundancy policies for teachers...讨论针对教师的强制裁员政策真是滑稽可笑。
例：I've known clients of mine go to absurd lengths, just to avoid paying me a few pounds...我知道我的一些客户就为了少付我几英镑，可谓无所不用其极。
adv. 荒谬地；愚蠢地；悖理地
 - preposterously, nonsensically

Word: depositor
Front: depositor
[dɪˈpɒzɪtə(r)] (托 16829/17320)
Back: n. 存放人，存款人; 寄托者; 沉淀器
分布：寄托者(100%)
US [-'pɑ:.zə.tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who deposits money 存款人，储户

Word: apostolic
Front: apostolic
[ˌæpəˈstɒlɪk] (17005/25159)
Back: adj. 使徒的
分布：使徒的(53%)，罗马教皇的(38%)，十二使徒的(9%)
ADJ
（基督教）教宗的；（尤指）教皇的
Apostolic means belonging or relating to a Christian religious leader, especially the Pope.
例：He was appointed Apostolic Administrator of Minsk by Pope John Paul II.他被教皇约翰·保罗二世任命为明斯克区的宗座署理。
ADJ
（基督）门徒的，使徒的，教义的
Apostolic means belonging or relating to the early followers of Christ and to their teaching.
例：He saw his vocation as one of prayer and apostolic work.他认为从事祷告和门徒的工作是他的使命。

Word: pronoun
Front: pronoun
[ˈprəʊnaʊn] (研四六 16856/9344)
Vocabulary: pronoun
(once / 1697 pages)
n
A pronoun is a word that's used in place of a noun or noun phrase, like “he,” “she,” or “it,” in place of “Dusty,” “Carol,” or “the lemur.”
The word pronoun originally comes from the Latin pronomen, which broken down means "for" or "in place of" and "name." The pronoun is a "stand-in" word for another noun, so you can use pronouns instead of repeating someone's name: "Charley went to the store and to Charley's office and then back to Charley's house" becomes "Charley went to the store and to his office and then back to his house."
WORD FAMILY
pronoun: pronouns
USAGE EXAMPLES
It added that students are encouraged at meetings to introduce themselves with the pronoun of their choice.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Odder still that anyone would think a little juggling with personal pronouns is the key to moving gender forward.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
“We do however suggest the use of genderless pronouns like singular ‘they’ to refer to individuals whose pronouns haven’t been confirmed.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. <语>代词
分布：代词(100%)
→pro-,在前，noun,名词。即修饰名词的词。
n.代词
US ['proʊ-] noun countable
 IMPROVER
■a word which is used instead of a noun or a noun phrase 代名词
• Pronouns are often used to refer to a noun that has already been mentioned. 代名词常用于指代已提到过的名词。
• 'She', 'it' and 'who' are all examples of pronouns. she，it 和 who 都是代名词。

Word: amputee
Front: amputee
[ˌæmpjuˈti:] (16868/40774)
Vocabulary: amputee
(once / 32382 pages)
n
A person who's had an arm or a leg surgically removed is an amputee. Some amputees get artificial limbs that allow them to be nearly as mobile as before the loss of a limb.
Some amputees lose a limb in an accident, while others have surgery to stop a disease, like gangrene, from spreading from an arm or leg to the rest of the body. The surgery to remove a limb is called an amputation, and it's also the word amputee comes from. An amputation was originally "a cutting off of tree branches," from the Latin amputare, "cut off, cut around, or prune."
WORD FAMILY
amputee: amputees
USAGE EXAMPLES
After lunch, the golf pros hit the Highland Oaks practice facility to get tips on how to work with amputees.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Their studies ranged from infectious disease to amputee care to rehab issues, Gilman said in an interview.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
When Michalski finally woke from the coma, he was greeted with a new reality: life as an amputee.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 被截肢者
分布：被截肢者(100%)
noun countable
■a person who has had an arm or leg cut off 被截肢者

Word: distributed
Front: distributed
[dɪs'trɪbju:tɪd] (17022/7457 -2)
Vocabulary: distributed
(once / 344 pages)
adj
Something is distributed when it's divided up or spread around, the way cupcakes might be distributed among guests at a birthday party.
Distributed is a word that's often used to describe the stuff that businesses sell. When a truck pulls up to a convenience store and the driver unloads cases of soda, the soda is being distributed. The driver will go from store to store, distributing all of the soda in the truck between different stores and restaurants. Words and ideas can be distributed too, which is what happens at school when students are lucky.
WORD FAMILY
distributed: undistributed+/distributary: distributaries/ distribute: distributary, distributed, distributer, distributes, distributing, distribution, distributive, distributor, redistribute /distributer: distributers/ distribution: distributional, distributions/ distributive: distributively/ distributor: distributors/ redistribute: redistributed, redistributes, redistributing, redistribution / redistribution: redistributions
USAGE EXAMPLES
When he stepped down in 2011, his power was distributed among more of the company’s executives, but decisions remained highly centralized.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another red flag: Ray said if a pharmacist orders more narcotics than are being distributed through order prescriptions it may draw the inspector’s interest.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Employees are distributed in more or less open spaces here and there.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 分布式的
v. 分配( distribute的过去式和过去分词); 散发; 分销; [常用被动语态]将…分类(into)
分布：分布的(87%)，分散式的(13%)
ADJ
分布的;分散的
If things are distributed throughout an area, object, or group, they exist throughout it.
例：These cells are widely distributed throughout the body...这些细胞在人体内分布广泛。
例：Galactic surveys show that distant galaxies are not as evenly distributed in space as theory predicts.对银河系的研究表明，遥远星系在太空中的分布并不像理论所预言的那样均匀。

Word: institutionalization
Front: institutionalization
[,ɪnstə,tjʊʃənlə'zeʃən] (16948/36003)
Back: [法] 制度化
分布：使制度化(68%)，把某人置于公共机构照料之下(16%)，使……机构化(16%)
VERB
将(病人、精神病患者、老人等)送往社会收容机构
If someone such as a sick, mentally ill, or old person is institutionalized, they are sent to stay in a special hospital or home, usually for a long period.
例：She became seriously ill and had to be institutionalized for a lengthy period.她病得很重，必须在医院住很长一段时间。
例：She saw herself as a failure and had been institutionalized once for depression.她认为自己是个失败者,曾有一次因患抑郁症被送往精神病院治疗。
VERB
使制度化;使为文化(或社会)所认可;使约定俗成
To institutionalize something means to establish it as part of a culture, social system, or organization.
例：The goal is to institutionalize family planning into community life...目标是将计划生育纳入社区生活中。
例：In the first century there was no such thing as institutionalized religion.公元1世纪时还没有任何制度化的宗教存在。
n. 制度化；体制化
 - systematism

Word: progeny
Front: progeny
[ˈprɒdʒəni] (托宝 16855/19406)
Vocabulary: progeny
(once / 2698 pages)
n
Progeny means "offspring" or "children." You and your brothers are the progeny of your parents, and your cat's new litter of kittens is her progeny.
Synonyms for progeny include descendants, product, and offspring, so you're also your grandparents' and great-grandparents' progeny. And, if your pet goat has babies every spring, you'll get to raise dozens of her progeny. Plants have progeny too — blow the fluffy seeds of a dandelion in your yard and its progeny can multiply, summer after summer, until your lawn is full of cheerful yellow flowers.
WORD FAMILY
progeny: progenies
USAGE EXAMPLES
But gene-drive technology tilts the odds, so that a specific change to one allele is inherited by a higher proportion of progeny.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Poverty in developing countries and the rampant illegal wildlife trade is the progeny of the lot.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Wherever they end up, the ones from the high-arm, hand-holding community then teach this endearing posture to their own progeny.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 子孙; 后裔; 结果; 结局
分布：子孙(74%)，结果(26%)
→来自pro-,向前，朝向，-gen,生育，词源同gene,generate.-y,小词后缀。引申词义子孙。
子孙,后代(pro向前+geny→向前产生→生命向前→子孙)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】pro前，gen产生，y－前人所生下的－后代
US ['prɑ:.dʒə-] formal
plural noun
■the young or offspring of a person, animal or plant （人或动植物的）后代，后裔
• His numerous progeny are scattered all over the country. 他有很多后裔，遍布在全国各地。
n. 子孙；后裔；成果
 - production, child, feedback, outcome, seed

Word: satirical
Front: satirical
[səˈtɪrɪkl] (托 16899/14869 -1)
Vocabulary: satirical
(once / 1625 pages)
adj
If you know the movie you are about to see is satirical, you expect it to make fun some aspect of human nature or even our society, like a satirical take on the glamorous world of fashion that portrays all the designers as celebrity-obsessed and unconcerned with true artistry.
Satirical is an adjective that describes satire, a work that is intended to ridicule the shortcomings and antics of a person or group. So, something that is satirical often looks like the real thing in order to make fun of it. For example, a sketch on a comedy show in which a comedian sits behind a news anchor desk and uses a serious tone to "report" on absurd events that really happened takes a satirical approach to both the events and the concept of broadcast journalism.
WORD FAMILY
satirical: satirically+/ satire: satires, satiric, satirical, satirise, satirist, satirize /satirise: satirised, satirises, satirising/satirist: satirists/ satirize: satirized, satirizes, satirizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
French satirical and investigative weekly Le Canard Enchaine last week published excerpts of what it said was a letter by U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“On Christmas Eve, I sent a satirical tweet about an imaginary concept, ‘white genocide,'” he told the newspaper.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Ciccariello-Maher tells The Associated Press by email Monday that the Christmas Eve tweet was meant to be satirical.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 含讽刺意味的，嘲讽的
分布：讽刺的(79%)，爱挖苦的(21%)
→satire,讽刺，讥讽，-ical,形容词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
(画作、文章、喜剧)讽刺的，讥讽的
A satirical drawing, piece of writing, or comedy show is one in which humour or exaggeration is used to criticize something.
例：...a satirical novel about London life in the late 80s.讽刺 80 年代末伦敦生活的一部小说
adj. 讽刺性的；讥讽的；爱挖苦人的
 - acid-tongued, quirkish

Word: sanguine
Front: sanguine
[ˈsæŋgwɪn] (宝 16915/18867 -1)
Vocabulary: sanguine
(once / 1217 pages)
1adj 2adjn
If you're sanguine about a situation, that means you're optimistic that everything's going to work out fine.
Sanguine is from Latin sanguis "blood" and originally meant "bloody" — in medieval medicine it described someone whose ruddy complexion was a sign of an optimistic outlook. That was back when people thought that "bodily humors" like blood were responsible for your attitudes. Now that we no longer believe in humors, sanguine has settled down as a fancy way to say someone is cheerfully confident. Experts are frequently described as feeling sanguine about a political or economic situation — or not sanguine, if they think we're going to hell in a handbasket.
WORD FAMILY
sanguine: sanguinely, sanguineness, sanguineous, sanguines, sanguinest, sanguinity
USAGE EXAMPLES
And why was Bainbridge so apparently sanguine about sitting through ceremony after ceremony?
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
He was sanguine about whether the Trump connection, past or present, may dissuade some viewers from tuning in after the bitterly divisive presidential election.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While officials tout the recent drop in assassinations by the Taliban as progress, locals on the group's hit-list are less sanguine.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 乐观的，充满希望的; 面色红润的; 血红色的
n. 血红色; 自信，乐观
分布：红润的(38%)，血红色(27%)，自信的(22%)，乐天的(13%)
→来自拉丁语 sanguinis,血的，所有格形式于 sanguis,血，来自*san,血，来自 es-ro,血，来 自*es,血，词源同 iron,sister,sanguinary.引申词义有血色的，面色红润的，乐观的等。
血色的;乐天的(满面红光表示乐观)[Sanguin=blood,表示"血"]
【记】sangui三桂，ne：吴三桂是个地方权贵，所以乐观的；脸色红润的
【反】morose（adj 郁闷的）；despondent（adj 沮丧的）；hopeless（adj 没有希望的）
['sæŋ.gwɪn] formal
adjective
■(of someone or their character) positive and hopeful 乐观的，乐天的
• They are less sanguine about the prospects for peace. 他们对和平的前景不看好。
⇒ See also optimistic
adj. 乐观的；满怀希望的；面色红润的
 - optimistic, rose-colored
vt. 血染；以血沾污
 - ensanguine

Word: latter-day
Front: latter-day
[ˈlætəˌdeɪ] (-1)
Back: adj. 近代的，现代的，当今的
分布：现代的(63%)，近代的(37%)
US ['lætˌ.ɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■describes a person or thing that is similar to someone or something that existed in the past （与过去的人或事物）相像的；当今的
• the evil actions of a latter-day Caligula 现世卡利古拉（古罗马一暴君）的暴行
adj. 近代的；现代的；当今的
 - recent, modern

Word: collapsing
Front: collapsing
[kə'læpsɪŋ] (16916/18727)
Back: n. 压扁[平]，毁坏，断裂
v. 折叠( collapse的现在分词 ); 倒塌; 崩溃; （尤指工作劳累后）坐下
分布：折叠(60%)，毁坏(压扁(20%)，伸缩)(20%)
VERB
倒塌;塌下
If a building or other structure collapses, it falls down very suddenly.
例：A section of the Bay Bridge had collapsed...海湾大桥有一段垮塌了。
例：The roof collapsed in a roar of rock and rubble...屋顶轰隆一声塌了下来，碎石瓦砾落了一地。
VERB
(体系或机构)崩溃，瓦解，突然失败
If something, for example a system or institution, collapses, it fails or comes to an end completely and suddenly.
例：His business empire collapsed under a massive burden of debt...他的商业帝国无力承担沉重的债务负担而垮掉了。
例：This system has collapsed in most countries where it ruled...这一体系在其占统治地位的大多数国家都失败了。
VERB
(因生病或虚弱)突然倒下，昏倒
If you collapse, you suddenly faint or fall down because you are very ill or weak.
例：He collapsed following a vigorous exercise session at his home...在家剧烈运动了一阵后他突然昏倒了。
例：It's commonplace to see people collapsing from hunger in the streets.在街上看见有人饿晕是很平常的事。
VERB
(因精疲力竭而)突然坐下(或倒下)
If you collapse onto something, you sit or lie down suddenly because you are very tired.
例：She arrived home exhausted and barely capable of showering before collapsing on her bed.她精疲力竭地回到家，勉强冲了个澡就倒在了床上。
VERB
萎陷;内陷;瘪掉
If something with air inside collapses, it falls inwards and becomes smaller or flatter.
例：He plunged 300ft to the ground when his parachute collapsed...降落伞突然瘪了，他从300英尺的高空跌落到地面。
例：He was rushed to hospital last week after suffering a collapsed lung.上星期，他因出现肺萎陷而被火速送进医院。
v. 崩溃；塌陷（collapse的ing形式）； [数] 折叠；压扁
 - crumbling

Word: ablaze
Front: ablaze
[əˈbleɪz] (托 16903/15022 -1)
Vocabulary: ablaze
(once / 2930 pages)
adj
Use the adjective ablaze to describe something that's on fire. Once your campfire is ablaze, you can toast marshmallows over it.
If there's a terrible fire in your town, it might set many houses ablaze, and some people dispose of fallen leaves and branches by setting them ablaze in the yard. The word dates from the 14th century, and it combines the prefix a-, which here means "on," and blaze, or "flame," from the Old English blæse, "torch, flame, firebrand, or lamp."
WORD FAMILY
ablaze
USAGE EXAMPLES
Last year, a “drunken man” set it ablaze, according to the Local.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Mandatory evacuations are under way in Gatlinburg, Tennessee, after wildfires set many houses and a hotel ablaze.
BBC(Nov 29, 2016)
The wildfire set 30 buildings ablaze and forced the evacuation of downtown Gatlinburg and the surrounding area.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 着火的; 发光的; 闪耀的
adv. 着火; 闪耀
分布：闪耀的(49%)，着火的(34%)，激昂的(17%)
→来自古英语on blaze. blaze, 燃烧。
adjective [after verb]
■burning very strongly 猛烈燃烧的；烈火熊熊的
• The house was ablaze, and the flames and smoke could be seen for miles around. 房子燃起了熊熊大火，方圆几英里都能看到烈焰和浓烟。
■brightly lit or brightly coloured 闪耀的；发光的；明亮的；色彩鲜艳的
• The ballroom was ablaze with lights. 舞厅里灯火辉煌。
• The field was ablaze with poppies and wild flowers. 田野里开满了罂粟和野花，五彩缤纷。
■full of energy, interest or emotion 热烈的；兴致勃勃的；充满激情的
• Her eyes were ablaze with excitement. 她激动得两眼闪放光芒。
adj. 着火的；闪耀的；激昂的
 - brilliant, heated
adv. 着火；闪耀
 - on fire

Word: sideshow
Front: sideshow
[ˈsaɪdʃəʊ] (宝 16865/22267)
Back: n. （正戏中的）穿插表演; 附带游乐项目; 附带事件或活动; 次要问题或事情
分布：穿插表演(64%)，余兴(26%)，枝节的问题(10%)
【记】side，show：旁边的表演－不重要的表演－穿插表演
【参】sidesplitting（adj 极度可笑的）使人的肚子side边上都split裂了
US [-ʃoʊ] noun countable
■a small show or event in addition to the main entertainment 穿插节目；小节目； 余兴活动
• Carol won a large soft toy at a sideshow at the fair. 卡罗尔在市集的余兴活动中赢得了一个大毛绒玩具。
■an event or subject which is connected to another event or subject, but which is considered to be much less important 附带事件；次要活动
• The media still regards women's sport as a sideshow to the main event. 媒体仍然认为女子体育是主赛事的附带赛事。

Word: enforcer
Front: enforcer
[ɪnˈfɔ:sə(r)] (16901/34120)
Back: 实施[强制]者
分布：实施者(64%)，杀手(18%)，冰上曲棍球运动员(18%)
n. 实施者；强制执行者
 - implementer

Word: deprived
Front: deprived
[dɪˈpraɪvd] (16918/9629)
Vocabulary: deprived
(once / 366 pages)
adj
Being deprived means lacking important things like food and water. For example, when warm clothing, housing, and nutrition are in short supply, the people are deprived of basics of life.
You can use the adjective deprived to describe conditions or people who don’t have what they need or don't have enough. Some uses of deprived are for small things, like when you're deprived of dessert because you didn’t eat your vegetables, but most of the time deprived describes a very serious lack of essential things or services.
WORD FAMILY
deprive: deprivation, deprived, deprives, depriving+/ deprivation: deprivations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The call deprived the Trojans’ suddenly beleaguered defense of its top tackler.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The lawyer told the Daily News Egypt newspaper that his client was subjected to interrogations that deprived him of sleep for nearly 40 hours.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The goal deprived Miller of his first shutout in more than a year.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 缺少食物的; 缺乏足够教育的
v. 剥夺，夺去; 使丧失(deprive的过去式和过去分词)
分布：贫困的(31%)，被剥夺的(25%)，缺乏足够教育的(22%)，缺少食物的(22%)
adjective
 ADVANCED
■not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food or good living conditions 短缺的，匮乏的；贫寒的
• She had a deprived childhood/comes from a deprived background. 她渡过了贫困的童年／她家境贫寒。
• a deprived area 贫困地区

Word: schoolwork
Front: schoolwork
[ˈsku:lwɜ:k] (16911/34609)
Back: n. 功课; 家庭作业
分布：学业(60%)，课业(40%)
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■studying done by a child at school or at home 学校作业；回家作业；功课
n. 家庭作业；学校作业
 - homework, home study

Word: lingo
Front: lingo
[ˈlɪŋgəʊ] (16897/33225)
Vocabulary: lingo
(once / 5621 pages)
n
Lingo is a way of speaking that's shared by a particular group of people — it's their own personal slang or jargon. You might observe International Talk Like a Pirate Day by trying to speak only pirate lingo.
Sometimes people refer to the language or dialect spoken in a place as its lingo: "I'd love to visit Paris, but I don't speak the lingo." You're more likely to hear lingo in the context of the words and phrases one group understands, but that outsiders might not, like computer lingo or English major lingo, or musician's lingo. Lingo shares a Latin root, lingua, or "tongue," with words like language and linguist.
WORD FAMILY
lingo: lingoes, lingos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams would send him back multiple paragraphs, dense with technical insight and coaching lingo.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“He’s picking up our lingo. He’s very playful.”
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
These are important deals, though they typically are filled with sleep-inducing corporate lingo.
Washington Times(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 听不懂的话（指方言、术语等），隐语，外语
分布：行话(42%)，术语(33%)，语言(25%)
→来自拉丁语lingua,舌头，语言。用以指外国话，外国语。
US [-goʊ] (plural lingoes) informal
noun countable usually singular
■a foreign language 外国语言，外国话
• In Italy, of course, Stef can speak the lingo. 在义大利斯泰夫当然可以说义大利语。
■a type of language that contains a lot of unusual or technical expressions 隐语；行话，术语
• internet lingo 网际网路术语
n. 行话；术语；隐语
 - technology, jargon

Word: retake
Front: retake
[ˌri:ˈteɪk] (16922/25354 -1)
Back: vt. 再拿; 再取; 重拍（照片、影片等）; 重新（考试等）
n. 电影镜头的重拍; 重考; 补考; 参加重考或补考的人
时态：retook, retaken, retaking, retakes
分布：夺回(50%)，重考(23%)，重拍(14%)，再取(11%)，补拍(2%)
→re-,再，重新，take,拿起，收复。
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
EXAMINATION 考试
■to take an examination again because you failed it the first time 补（考）；重新参加（考试）
• to retake your driving test /final exams 重新参加驾照考试／期末考试
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
GET BACK 夺回
■to take something such as a place or position into your possession again, often by force, after losing possession of it 收复；夺回
• In the battle to retake the village, over 150 soldiers were killed. 在收复那个村庄的战斗中，150多名士兵阵亡。
• Finally, our team had a chance to retake the lead. 我们球队终于得到机会再次领先。
• The junta tried to retake power in 1999. 军政府于1999年试图重新夺取政权。
verb transitive /ˌriːˈteɪk/
(retook, retaken)
FILM 电影
■to take a photograph or film again 重拍（照片或电影）
noun countable /ˈriː.teɪk/
EXAMINATION 考试
■an examination which you take again because you failed it the first time 补考；重考
• I'm doing my retakes next summer. 我要在明年夏天重新参加考试。
noun countable /ˈriː.teɪk/
FILM 电影
■a part of a film that must be photographed again to change or improve it 重拍；重录
• It took seven retakes to get the scene exactly right. 这个场景重拍了七次才完全达到要求。
vt. 再取；重拍；补考
 - swat
n. 重考；重新摄录；重新摄录的照片或录音
 - reexamination

Word: entwine
Front: entwine
[ɪnˈtwaɪn] (宝 16912/19862)
Vocabulary: entwine
(once / 3876 pages)
v
To entwine is to twist and tangle or weave together. When you hold hands with someone, you entwine your fingers together.
A long-haired girl can entwine flowers in her curls, and she might love it when her pet snake entwines around her arm. When you knit a scarf, you entwine different colors of yarn together. There is also a figurative way to entwine: "Ever since I met you, I knew that our lives would entwine together!" Entwine combines the prefix en-, "make," and twine, "twisted strands," from the Old English twin, "double thread."
WORD FAMILY
entwine: entwined, entwines, entwining+/ intertwine: intertwined, intertwines, intertwining/ twine: entwine, intertwine, twined, twiner, twines, twining, untwine/twiner: twiners/untwine: untwined, untwines, untwining
USAGE EXAMPLES
That’s not so easy when the positives and negatives of technology are so deeply entwined.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“Even when we were on the rocks, I knew that we would be forever entwined in each other’s lives,” she adds.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
But the government's own financial fate, which is closely entwined with Sonangol, underscores the rough road ahead.
Reuters(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 缠绕，盘绕
时态：entwined, entwining, entwines
分布：纠缠(100%)
→en-, 进入，使。twine, 缠绕，词源同two.
纠缠(en使+twine→使编织到一起→纠缠)[tuine=twine,表示"编织"]
【记】twine（n 合股线v 使缠绕）
verb transitive often passive
■to twist something together or around something 缠绕；盘绕；使交错
• The picture captures the two lovers with their arms entwined. 这张照片拍摄到的是紧紧拥抱在一起的一对恋人。
vt. 缠住；盘绕；使缠绕
 - coil, obsess
vi. 缠住；盘绕
 - circumvolve

Word: unbutton
Front: unbutton
[ˌʌnˈbʌtn] (17008/26238)
Back: vt. 解开（纽扣）; 打开; 表露; 吐露
时态：unbuttoned, unbuttoning, unbuttons
分布：解开……的钮扣(50%)，如解开钮扣似地解开(50%)
解开钮扣(un+button钮扣)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
VERB
解开…的纽扣
If you unbutton an item of clothing, you undo the buttons fastening it.
例：She had begun to unbutton her blouse.她开始解衬衣扣子。
例：...his unbuttoned blue coat.他没有扣上纽扣的蓝色外套
vi. 解开钮扣；吐露
 - give vent to

Word: lavishly
Front: lavishly
['lævɪʃlɪ] (16921/15014)
Back: adv. 非常大方地，浪费地，极其丰富地
分布：浪费地(51%)，丰富地(33%)，大方地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
铺张的；奢侈的；盛大的
If you describe something as lavish, you mean that it is very elaborate and impressive and a lot of money has been spent on it.
例：...a lavish party to celebrate Bryan's fiftieth birthday...庆祝布赖恩50寿辰的盛大宴会
例：He staged the most lavish productions of Mozart...他组织了一场空前盛大的莫扎特作品演奏会。
ADJ-GRADED
（花费）挥霍的；（赞美等）慷慨给予的；（行为）毫无节制的
If you say that spending, praise, or the use of something is lavish, you mean that someone spends a lot or that something is praised or used a lot.
例：Critics attack his lavish spending and flamboyant style...评论家抨击他大肆挥霍、恣意张扬的作风。
例：The book drew lavish praise from literary critics.文学评论家们对此书好评如潮。
ADJ-GRADED
（人）过分慷慨的，挥霍的
If you say that someone is lavish in the way they behave, you mean that they give, spend, or use a lot of something.
例：American reviewers are lavish in their praise of this book...美国评论家们对该书不吝赞美之词。
例：He was always a lavish spender.他花钱总是大手大脚。
VERB
滥花；浪费；非常（或过分）慷慨地给予
If you lavish money, affection, or praise on someone or something, you spend a lot of money on them or give them a lot of affection or praise.
例：Prince Sadruddin lavished praise on Britain's contributions to world diplomacy...萨德鲁丁王子大力赞扬英国对世界外交作出的贡献。
例：The emperor promoted the general and lavished him with gifts.皇帝擢升了将军并赏给他丰厚的礼物。
adv. 丰富地；浪费地
 - richly, abundantly

Word: chameleon
Front: chameleon
[kəˈmi:liən] (宝 17020/19737)
Vocabulary: chameleon
(once / 18439 pages)
n
Look closely at that branch or leaf — you might be able to spot a chameleon hiding. These little lizards are able to change color and adapt to their backgrounds, blending in to hide from predators.
The history of the word chameleon goes back to the Greek word khamaileōn, which meant "lion on the ground," maybe because of the creature’s somewhat scary face, or maybe because the ridge around the creature’s head looks something like a lion’s mane. In Old French it became chaméléon, which stuck. Today there are two acceptable spellings, chameleon and chamaeleon. We often use the word today to refer to a person who is changeable or inconsistent.
WORD FAMILY
chameleon: chameleons
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s a chameleon to how players are,” added guard Ramon Foster.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Even back in high school, the actors I idolized were the chameleons.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Venice, a chameleon that has been an oil town, bohemian idyll, crumbling ghetto and tourist mecca, is adopting a new guise: tech citadel.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 变色蜥蜴，变色龙
分布：变色龙(87%)，善变的人(9%)，轻浮的人(4%)
→cham, 同human, 土，人。-leon, 同lion, 狮子。字面意思即土狮子。
变色龙(chame+leon狮子-地上的狮子-变色龙)[chame=ground(地)]
【记】chame＝shame害羞，leon＝lion狮子：狮子害羞脸变红－变色龙leon（泰坦尼克号男主角）：他一会儿是绅士，一会儿是混混－变色龙
noun countable
ANIMAL 动物
■a lizard that changes skin colour to match what surrounds it so that it cannot be seen 变色龙，变色蜥蜴
[kə'mi:.li.ən] noun countable
PERSON 人
■a person who changes their opinions or behaviour to please other people 见风使舵的人
n. 变色龙；善变的人；轻浮的人
 - anole, Zelig

Word: raze
Front: raze
[reɪz] (托宝 16914/21889)
Vocabulary: raze
(once / 4048 pages)
v
Raze means to tear an object down to the ground. Before Donald Trump can raze that family's home to build another skyscraper, he's going to have to cut them a big check.
Raze is most often used to refer to knocking buildings down for construction projects, but it can also describe tearing down other objects. You can raze the sand dunes in order to make the beach perfectly flat. Raze comes from the word rasen, meaning "to scrape or erase," and it sounds similar to the word erase, which can help you remember its meaning. If you raze something, in a way it has been erased — it no longer exists in its previous form.
WORD FAMILY
raze: razed, razeed, razes, razing +/ razing: razings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fox News analyst Charles Krauthammer recommended that Mr. Trump raze the U.N.’s New York headquarters, “put his name on it and turn it into condos.”
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But Sauls noted that, especially with the razing of Post Headquarters, “there is no Fort Jackson Historic District.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The playground equipment was installed after the old high school was razed and cleared.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地
时态：razed, razing, razes
分布：夷为平地(38%)，摧毁(26%)，消除(20%)，抹去(16%)
→来自古法语 raser,刮，削，来自拉丁语 radere,刮，咬，词源同 rodent,eraser.引申词义使夷为平 地。
铲平,摧毁(raze=ras→擦掉→铲平)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
【反】build＝construct（v 建造）
verb transitive
■to completely destroy a city, building, etc 把（城市、建筑物等）夷为平地；彻底摧毁
• The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left standing. 整个城镇在空袭中被夷为平地——没有一座建筑物幸存。
vt. 夷为平地；破坏；消除；拆毁
 - destroy, eliminate, avoid

Word: improvised
Front: improvised
[ɪmprə'vaɪzd] (宝 16919/19625)
Back: adj. 简易的
分布：临时的(50%)，即席而作的(30%)，动词improvise的过去式和过去分词.(20%)
VERB
临时做;临时凑成
If you improvise, you make or do something using whatever you have or without having planned it in advance.
例：You need a wok with a steaming rack for this; if you don't have one, improvise...要做这个，你需要一口带蒸笼篦子的锅,如果没有,就用别的临时凑合一下。
例：The vet had improvised a harness...兽医临时凑成了一副马具。
VERB
即兴表演;即兴演奏;即兴创作
When performers improvise, they invent music or words as they play, sing, or speak.
例：I asked her what the piece was and she said, 'Oh, I'm just improvising'...我问她那一段是什么音乐,她说：“噢,我只是即兴弹的。”
例：Uncle Richard intoned a chapter from the Bible and improvised a prayer...理查德叔叔吟诵了《圣经》中的一章,又即兴作了一段祈祷文。
adj. 即兴的；临时准备的
 - aleatory

Word: blowout
Front: blowout
[ˈbləʊaʊt] (16873/-)
Vocabulary: blowout
(once / 3738 pages)
1n 2n 3n
When something stops working or breaks down, you can call it a blowout. The blowout of a city's electrical system can be a particularly big problem.
A blowout most often involves air or gas pressure — a blowout when you're driving on the highway is a popped tire. You can also use the word to mean a really easy victory in sports, like your favorite football team's blowout victory over its rival. Yet another meaning of blowout is a fabulous party: "Let's have a blowout to celebrate your twenty-first birthday!" The original, colloquial American meaning of blowout was "outburst," or what might today be called a "blow up."
WORD FAMILY
blowout: blowouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It started with an embarrassing blowout loss against an NFC West opponent.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The short-handed Clippers lost their fifth game in a row on Friday night, a 140-116 blowout loss in Houston.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Hulseman preferred that his cups be used at family outings, not at rowdy, boozy blowouts.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 爆胎; 盛宴; 盛大聚会; 轻易的胜利
分布：爆裂(58%)，喷出(18%)，爆裂口(9%)，宴会(9%)，单方胜利(6%)
US ['bloʊ-] noun countable
EXPLOSION 爆炸 mainly US a sudden explosion of a tyre on a road vehicle while it is moving quickly 车胎爆裂，爆胎
UK ['bləʊ.aʊt] US ['bloʊ-] noun countable
MEAL 饭 UK informal
■a very large meal 盛宴
US informal
■a large party or social occasion 盛大聚会；重大社交场合
n. 爆裂；喷出； [电] 保险丝烧断；井中喷水或油等
 - extrusion, dekrepitation

Word: unbalanced
Front: unbalanced
[ˌʌnˈbælənst] (16943/14269 -1)
Vocabulary: unbalanced
(once / 6281 pages)
adj
When something is unbalanced, it's uneven or unstable. If your weight on a surfboard is unbalanced, you risk falling off.
Things can be physically unbalanced, like a seesaw with only one kid on it, or more figuratively unbalanced. For example, your mom might think you have an unbalanced diet if you rarely eat vegetables, and you'd describe your high school education as unbalanced if you didn't take any math classes. Another way to be unbalanced is to be mentally ill or emotionally disturbed.
WORD FAMILY
unbalance: unbalanced, unbalances, unbalancing+/ balance: balanced, balancer, balances, balancing, counterbalance, imbalance, microbalance, overbalance, unbalance/ balanced: balancedly/balancer: balancers/balancing: balancings, self-balancing/counterbalance: counterbalanced, counterbalances, counterbalancing/ imbalance: imbalanced, imbalances/overbalance: overbalanced, overbalances, overbalancing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr Netanyahu said he was disappointed with the speech, which he said was "unbalanced" and "obsessively focused" on settlements.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Police say the boat became unbalanced when too many passengers moved to one side.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The sharpening must be done evenly, as an unbalanced blade will cause vibration.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不平衡的; 不稳定的; 精神失常的; 未决算的
v. 使失去平衡( unbalance的过去式和过去分词)
分布：失衡的(79%)，精神失常的(7%)，动词unbalance的过去式和过去分词.(7%)，偏颇的(7%)
adjective
NOT FIRM 不稳固的
■not firm but likely to fall or change position suddenly 不均衡的；失去平衡的
[ʌn'bæl.əntst] adjective
MENTALLY ILL 精神失常的
■mentally ill 精神失常的
• His relatives have said he became unbalanced after the death of his father. 亲戚们说他在父亲去世后就精神失常了。
[ʌn'bæl.əntst] adjective
NOT FAIR 不公平的
■not fair or equal; false 不公平的；偏颇的；片面的
• unbalanced reporting 观点偏颇的报道
• He gave an unbalanced view of the situation. 他对该局势发表了有倾向性的观点。
[ʌn'bæl.əntst] adjective
FOOD 食物
■not consisting of a combination of the correct types and amounts of food （饮食）不均衡的，营养搭配不合理的
• an unbalanced diet 不均衡的饮食
• There should always be variety in the cooking methods - too much deep frying or wok cooking makes an unbalanced meal. 烹调方法应该保持丰富多样——煎炸或烹炒过多会造成膳食不均衡。
adj. [力] 不平衡的；错乱的；不稳定的；收支不平衡的，未决算的
 - unstable, imbalanced
v. 使失去平衡；使（精神）错乱（unbalance的过去分词）
 - destabilized

Word: programmatic
Front: programmatic
[ˌprəʊgrəˈmætɪk] (16989/35199)
Back: adj. 标题音乐的，节目的; 纲领性
分布：标题音乐的(40%)，节目的(34%)，计划性的(26%)
→来自program,程序，计划。
ADJ
纲领性的；计划性的
Programmatic ideas or policies follow a particular programme.
例：He gave up on programmatic politics and turned his back on public life.他放弃了按部就班的政治工作，不再参与公众事务。

Word: bruising
Front: bruising
[ˈbru:zɪŋ] (16929/15035 -1)
Back: adj. 殊死的; 十分激烈的
v. 擦伤(bruise的现在分词形式)
分布：殊死的(50%)，动词bruise的现在分词形式.(25%)，挫伤的(25%)
adjective
■A bruising experience is one in which someone defeats you or is very rude to you （经历）不愉快的
• I had a bruising encounter with my ex-husband last week. 上周我碰上了前夫，结果不欢而散。
['bru:.zɪŋ] noun uncountable
■bruises 伤痕
• The bruising should soon become less painful. 这些伤痕很快就不会那么痛了。
n. 挫伤
 - contusion
v. 擦伤（bruise的ing形式）
 - scratching, scotching

Word: tusk
Front: tusk
[tʌsk] (宝 16945/21007)
Vocabulary: tusk
(once / 1839 pages)
nv
A tusk is the long, pointed tooth seen on some animals, such as elephants, walruses, or hogs. Animals that have tusks can use them for protection against predators.
Tusk rhymes with dusk. A tusk is a tooth that grows outward from an animal's mouth. How is a tusk different from a fang? Fangs are used to seize prey and bite and tear. Tusks, on the other hand, are used for defense and even as tools for digging or, in the cause of the walrus, for holding steady while on ice.
WORD FAMILY
tusk: detusk, tusker, tusking, tusks+/tusker: tuskers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nor should the leopard skin, the narwhal tusk and the whale meat.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Years ago, he lent his name to billboards in Chinese cities that showed horrific piles of tusks.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Years ago, he lent his name to large billboards appearing in Chinese cities that showed horrific piles of tusks.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （象等动物的）长牙; 獠牙; 尖形物; 尖头
vt. 用牙抵（或刺），用牙掘（或撕）
adj. 有獠牙的，有长牙的
时态：tusked, tusking, tusks
分布：长牙(40%)，獠牙(23%)，以牙刺戳(15%)，尖形物(15%)，以牙掘(7%)
→来自古英语 tusc,犬牙，磨牙，来自 Proto-Germanic*tunthskaz,牙齿，来自 dent,牙齿，词 源同 tooth,dentist.拼写去鼻音化。
noun countable
■either of the two long pointed teeth which stick out from the mouth of some animals such as elephants （大象等动物的）长牙
n. 长牙；尖头，尖形物
 - sharp, cusp

Word: ordained
Front: ordained
[ɔ:ˈdeɪnd] (16900/23230)
Vocabulary: ordained
(once / 767 pages)
adj
Ordained means invested with the authority to act as a priest. Once you are ordained as a priest, you are ready to take over that little country church and start tending to the flock.
Ordained comes from the root meaning "order," and when you are ordained, you're brought into the religious order, or group of church leaders. We also use ordained for declarations. If it has been ordained that all people must now wear plastic birds in their hair, then that new fashion command has been declared by an authority. Sometimes people talk about fate as "what has been ordained."
WORD FAMILY
ordained: ordainedly+/foreordain: foreordained, foreordaining, foreordains, foreordination/ ordain: foreordain, ordained, ordainer, ordaining, ordains, ordinance, ordination, preordain /ordainer: ordainers/ ordinance: ordinances/ ordination: ordinations/ preordain: preordained, preordaining, preordains, preordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Four years ago, they ordained me here and it’ll be four years in January that dad and I switched positions,” said Tim.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along the way he became an ordained Buddhist priest and meditation teacher.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Franklin is a seasoned scholar and an ordained minister, the former president of Morehouse College and the author of multiple books.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 任命（某人）为牧师( ordain的过去式和过去分词 ); 授予（某人）圣职; （上帝、法律等）命令; 判定
分布：命令(35%)，任命(33%)，注定(20%)，颁发命令(6%)，授以圣职(6%)
VERB
授予…圣职;任命…为神职人员
When someone is ordained, they are made a member of the clergy in a religious ceremony.
例：He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1982...他于1982年被任命为天主教司铎。
例：Women have been ordained for many years in the Church of Scotland...苏格兰长老会多年前就已开始任命女性担任圣职。
VERB
规定；决定；主宰
If some authority or power ordains something, they decide that it should happen or be in existence.
例：Destiny has ordained that they are who they are...命运已经决定了他们的性格为人。
例：His rule was ordained by heaven...他的统治乃是天命。

Word: uterine
Front: uterine
['ju:təraɪn] (17038/36235)
Back: adj. 子宫的，同母异父的，母系的
分布：子宫的(74%)，同母异父的(26%)
ADJ
子宫的
Uterine means relating to the uterus of a woman or female mammal.
adj. [解剖] 子宫的；同母异父的
 - half-blooded

Word: caddie
Front: caddie
['kædɪ] (17043/18120 -1)
Back: n. 球童; <英>杂役; （运物用的）有轮手推车
v. 当球童，=caddy
时态：caddied, caddying, caddies
分布：球童(88%)，=caddy(6%)，做球童(6%)
→词源同cadet.
(also caddy) ['kæd.i] noun countable
■a person who carries the equipment for someone who is playing golf （为打高尔夫球的人背球具的）球童
(also caddy) ['kæd.i] verb intransitive (caddying, caddied, caddied)
■to be a caddie for someone 当球童，替人背球具
n. 球童
 - ball boy

Word: rope
Front: rope
[rəʊp] (中高研四六托 3309/3336 -K2)
Back: n. 粗绳; 绳索; 一串; 学会决窍，知道决窍
vt. （用绳子）捆; 用绳子系牢; 捆紧; 用套索抓捕（动物）
vi. 成索状或绳状
时态：roped, roping, ropes
分布：绳索(71%)，一串(13%)，绞刑(9%)，捆绑(7%)
→来自古英语 rap,绳子，绳索，来自 Proto-Germanic*raipaz,绳子，绳索，可能来自 sker, 弯，转，编织，词源同 ring,cradle.
n.绳,索The rope is proper property to the prospering rope maker.绳子对成功的制绳者来说是真正的财产.
US [roʊp] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■(a piece of) strong, thick string made of long twisted threads 粗绳；缆绳；绳索
• A sailor threw a rope ashore and we tied the boat to a post. 一个水手将一条缆绳扔到岸上，我们就把船拴到了一根柱子上。
• a coil of rope 一卷绳子
countable
■several of one type of object connected together on a string （串在一起的）（一）串，（一）条
• a rope of garlic 一辫大蒜
• a rope of pearls 一串珍珠
the ropes [plural]
■thick rope which surrounds an area used for boxing (= sport in which two people hit each other) or wrestling 围绳（围绕拳击或摔跤场所的粗绳；拳击运动是两个人在场上对打的运动）
• The middleweight boxing champion had his opponent up against the ropes. 那个中量级拳击冠军将对手逼到了拳击台的护栏上。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
learn/know the ropes
■to learn/know how to do a job or activity 知道诀窍；懂行，在行
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
on the ropes informal
■doing badly and likely to fail 处于困境；即将失败，即将完蛋
• I think the business is finally on the ropes. 我觉得这家企业最终还是要垮掉。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] noun
show/teach sb the ropes
■to show someone how to do a job or activity 给（某人）指点窍门；教（某人）如何工作
• Lynn spent an afternoon showing the new girl the ropes. 林恩花了一下午的时间教那个新来的年轻女职员入门。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to tie things together with rope （用绳索）捆，绑，系
• I'll rope my horse to your car and pull you out of the ditch. 我把我的马套在你的汽车上把你从沟里拉出来。
• The climbers roped themselves together. 登山者用绳索把他们自己都连在一起。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rope sb in informal
■to persuade someone to do something for you 劝说（某人）帮忙；说服（某人）加入
• At the last minute, we roped in a couple of spectators to complete the team. 在最后关头，我们说服几位观看的人加入，凑足了比赛人数。
UK [rəʊp] US [roʊp] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rope sth/somewhere off
■to surround an area or place with ropes in order to keep people out 用绳围起；用绳索圈起
• The police roped off the scene of the crime. 员警用绳子将犯罪现场围了起来。
rope, wire, thread, string, line, cord
这组词都有“线”的意思，其区别是：
rope: 指用于捆绑大物件的粗壮而坚固的绳子，一般用绵、毛、麻、金属或其它材料制成。
wire: 专指用金属制成的线。
thread: 普通用词，指用棉、毛、丝或纤维等纹成的很细的线，通常用于缝纫、纺织等。
string: 普通用词，指捆绑小件物品的细绳或细带子。
line: 普通用词，含义广泛，指任何一种线，常作引申用。
cord: 指比string粗，比rope细，较牢固，通常用于捆扎较小物品的线或绳。用作引申当约束讲。
n. 绳，绳索
 - line, cord
vt. 捆，绑
 - bundle, colligate

Word: yardstick
Front: yardstick
[ˈjɑ:dstɪk] (托 16939/14283 -1)
Back: n. 码尺; 尺度
分布：码尺(75%)，衡量的标准(25%)
→yard,码，stick,棍，引申义准绳，标准。比较canon,gauge.
US ['jɑ:rd-] noun countable
■a fact or standard by which you can judge the success or value of something 评判尺度；衡量标准；准绳
• Productivity is not the only yardstick of success. 生产率并非成功的唯一标准。

Word: strangeness
Front: strangeness
[streɪndʒnəs] (16884/19151)
Back: n. 奇怪; 古怪; 陌生; 生疏
分布：陌生(70%)，奇妙(20%)，不可思议(10%)
noun uncountable
UNUSUAL 不寻常
■the quality of being unusual, unexpected or difficult to understand 不寻常；奇怪；不可思议
['streɪndʒ.nəs] noun uncountable
NOT FAMILIAR 陌生
■the quality of not being familiar 陌生
• She was struck by the strangeness of her surroundings. 陌生的环境令她十分吃惊。
n. 陌生；冷淡； [高能] 奇异性
 - unfamiliarity, indifference

Word: incense
Front: incense
[ˈɪnsens] (六托宝 11969/15260 -1)
Vocabulary: incense
(once / 651 pages)
1v 2nv
Incense means both "to make angry" and a stick that burns slowly and emits a strong smell. If your new college roommate burns incense in your tiny dorm room, you might get incensed and storm out.
How can a word that means a substance that is burned for its sweet odor come to mean "make very angry"? Both have to do with the idea of burning, and the Latin root incendere, "to set on fire." A stick of incense must be lit, or set on fire to release its smell. When you are incensed by something, such as your teacher slamming you with homework on the night of the prom, you feel like you are burning with anger.
WORD FAMILY
incense: incensed, incenses, incensing+/ incensed: incensedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, the state’s October offer to pony up more cash incensed executives at the insurance providers tasked with managing this mess.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Most American Christians remained utterly unaware of his prayer but it incensed many of the same people as before, to an even greater degree.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
But it backfired: The public was incensed at the thought of suffering people cut off.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 香; 焚香时的烟; 奉承
v. 使愤怒; 激怒
时态：incensed, incensing, incenses
分布：香(89%)，熏香(10%)，激怒(1%)
→in-,进入，使，-cend,火，燃烧，词源同candle,incense,-se,过去分词后缀。引申词义香，香火。作动词指点火，激怒。
香;[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】原指：供神所焚烧的香，用这种香杵你一下－激怒in进入，cense＝cand白热－用焚烧的香点燃怒气－激怒
【参】incentive（n 动机；adj 激励的）
【反】propitiate（v 劝解；使息怒）
noun uncountable /ˈɪn.sents/
■a substance that is burnt to produce a sweet smell, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指在宗教仪式上焚烧的）香
• an incense burner/stick 香炉／香烛
verb transitive usually passive /ɪnˈsents/
■to cause someone to be extremely angry 激怒；使大怒
• The editor said a lot of readers would be incensed by my article on abortion. 编辑说我关于堕胎的文章会激怒很多读者。
• I was so incensed by what he was saying I had to walk out. 我被他说的话激怒了，愤然离席。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 香；奉承
 - court, joss stick

Word: substandard
Front: substandard
[ˌsʌb'stændəd] (16928/21852)
Vocabulary: substandard
(once / 24522 pages)
adj
Something substandard is below standard — it’s shoddy or inferior. If your final paper for honors English class is scribbled on a torn sheet of notebook paper, that’s substandard work that you’ll probably have to do over.
A standard is a quality by which something is judged, and sub can mean “under” like a submarine that goes under water. So things that are substandard fall below most people's standards — they're deficient in some way. A computer that stops working after two weeks is substandard. A car with faulty brakes is substandard. Substandard things are the opposite of well-made things. Turning in substandard work is a good way to get a bad grade.
WORD FAMILY
standard: nonstandard, standardise, standardize, standards, substandard +/standardise: standardisation, standardised, standardiser, standardising/standardization: standardizations/ standardize: standardization, standardized, standardizer, standardizes, standardizing/standardizer: standardizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The company determined the 2015 accident was caused by the rupture of a substandard metal piece supporting a pressurized helium vessel.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
“Families living in unaffordable housing are at a higher risk of being evicted, moving frequently, living in crowded or substandard conditions, or becoming homeless.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Meals in prisons are often substandard and need a nutritional overhaul, says the writer and campaigner Lucy Vincent.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 不够标准的，在标准以下的; 低等级标准
分布：标准以下的(53%)，不合规格的(47%)
→sub-,低于，亚于，standard,标准。
US [-dɚd] adjective
■below a satisfactory standard 低于标准的，不合格的
• substandard housing/accommodation 不符合标准的住宅／住处
• substandard work/goods 做得不合格的工作／不合格的商品

Word: epicenter
Front: epicenter
['epɪsentə] (16896/-)
Vocabulary: epicenter
(once / 15173 pages)
n
Earthquakes start deep underground, and the epicenter is the central location of the earthquake, the point of land right above where an earthquake begins.
When violent movement happens beneath the Earth’s surface, earthquakes send out destructive waves of vibration, sort of like ripples after you throw a rock into a lake. The epicenter is the place on the surface where those ripples start. The Greek epikentros means “situated on a center,” and that’s where you’ll find the epicenter, dead center in an earthquake’s destruction. Of course, you don’t really want to find it, because it’s kind of dangerous there.
WORD FAMILY
epicenter: epicenters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The epicenter was about 33 kilometers south of the village of Tolotangga, which is 1,350 kilometers east of the nation’s capital, Jakarta.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Geological Survey, the epicenter of the quake appeared to originate in the Spring Mountains.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
According to the USGS, the epicenter was 13 miles from 13 miles from Agoura Hills and 14 miles from Thousand Oaks.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <地>震中，中心，集中点
分布：震中(64%)，中心(36%)
n. [地震] 震中；中心
 - focus, hub

Word: didactic
Front: didactic
[daɪˈdæktɪk] (宝 17040/20113)
Vocabulary: didactic
(once / 3784 pages)
adj
When people are didactic, they're teaching or instructing. This word is often used negatively for when someone is acting too much like a teacher.
When you're didactic, you're trying to teach something. Just about everything teachers do is didactic: the same is true of coaches and mentors. Didactic is often used in a negative way. If you heard that a movie is overly didactic, that's probably not good. Most people want to see a story and be entertained when going to the movies, and if it feels like the movie is just telling you what to think, that's didactic in a bad way.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
didactic / pedantic
Both words relate to teaching, but didactic teaches a lesson and pedantic just shows off the facts.
Didactic describes anything that tries to teach a lesson, sometimes a moral one. People don't always want a lesson. Didactic comes from the Greek didaktikos for "apt at teaching." Although being didactic is perfect for a teacher, it can be annoying when movies and books get into teacher mode. See below:
"Being Here is tough to absorb in one take, and it borders on being too didactic." (New York Times)
"It's not didactic or propagandistic in its approach, but it's honest. It makes you want to know more. It makes you want to get involved." (Washington Post)
Didactic also refers to a method of teaching that involves repetition:
"This is unnecessarily repeated, but fortunately such didactic intrusions are kept to a minimum." (Los Angeles Times)
The word pedantic is from the Italian pedante for "teacher." What a coincidence. Teachers aren't usually pedantic, but sticklers are. Pedantic music snobs list twenty bands from Iceland that you have to go listen to now. Pedantic grammar nerds say to never split an infinitive. Pedantic is not a compliment. Check out these examples:
"Tristram Shandy makes fun of nearly everything, but especially the pompous and pedantic." (Slate)
"I know that some readers may find my language-stickler columns pedantic, or, even worse, tedious." (The Guardian)
"Readers responded: They found this arbitrary, arrogant, pedantic and just plain wrong." (Washington Post)
It's cool if a teacher leads a didactic discussion on Hamlet, but it's not cool if the teacher's pet takes over with a pedantic rant about how it should always be referred to as The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark.
WORD FAMILY
didactic: didactically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sound of an automobile is a complex, multilayered phenomenon, and Christmas is no time to be didactic.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Trinity-wise, that counts as the son story, and while it’s didactic, it is the least opaque of the bunch.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
For many in the 20th century, The Ragged-Trousered Philanthropists appealed because of Owen’s didactic presentations of social theory.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 教学的; 教导的; （指人）学究式的; 迂腐的
分布：说教的(60%)，教诲的(40%)
→来自希腊语didaktos,教导，教学艺术。后词义贬义化。
教训的,教导的[didact=teach(教)]
【记】did做，act行动：教人如何做或行动－教诲的
【参】didactics（n 教授法）＝pedagogy
adjective mainly disapproving
■intended to teach, especially in a way that is too determined or eager, and often fixed and unwilling to change 教训的，说教的
• a didactic approach to teaching 说教式的教学方法
■intended to teach people a moral 道德说教的
• didactic literature 道德说教文学
adj. 说教的；教诲的
 - homiletic, moralistic

Word: militiaman
Front: militiaman
[məˈlɪʃəmən] (17059/26616 -1)
Back: n. 民兵; 民兵组织
分布：民兵(80%)，民兵组织(20%)
→militia,民兵组织，man,人。即民兵。
noun countable
■a member of a militia 民兵
n. 民兵；民兵组织
 - saturday night soldier, askari

Word: sneaky
Front: sneaky
[ˈsni:ki] (16932/23658)
Back: adj. 鬼祟的，卑鄙的
级别：sneakier, sneakiest
分布：卑鄙的(70%)，鬼祟的(30%)
adjective
■doing things in a secret and unfair way 偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的
• a sneaky plan 偷偷摸摸的计划
adj. 鬼鬼祟祟的；暗中的，卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: deregulate
Front: deregulate
[ˌdi:ˈregjuleɪt] (16898/24739 -1)
Vocabulary: deregulate
(once / 7346 pages)
v
Deregulate is a verb that means to take away the rules. When someone deregulates a soccer game, the game could become a muddy wrestling match without any rules to keep things on track.
You’ll notice the word regulate at the end of deregulate. Regulate is also a verb, and it means to “control something by rules.” To deregulate something, you take away the rules. If you deregulate a game of pin-the-tail-on-the-donkey at your little sister’s birthday party, you could end up with a tail on your face.
WORD FAMILY
deregulate: deregulated, deregulates, deregulating, deregulation +/ regulate: deregulate, regulated, regulates, regulating, regulation, regulator, regulatory /regulated: unregulated /regulating: regulatings, self-regulating/ regulation: regulations/regulator: regulators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Australia was the first to deregulate commercial drones, granting the firm Flirtey the rights to deliver goods in Sydney in 2013.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
His plan is to deregulate where regulations smash enterprises.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Sweden, which deregulated its taxi sector almost three decades ago, decided last year to look at how to adapt its taxi and ride-sharing regulations.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 解除管制
vi. 解除控制
时态：deregulated, deregulating, deregulates
分布：解除管制(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。regulate, 管制。
verb transitive
■to remove national or local government controls or rules from a business or other activity 对…解禁；撤销对（贸易等活动）的管制；解除控制
• The government plans to deregulate the banking industry/the bus system. 政府计划放宽对银行业／公共交通系统的管制。

Word: convulsion
Front: convulsion
[kənˈvʌlʃn] (宝 16936/18641 -1)
Vocabulary: convulsion
(once / 1080 pages)
n
If you see someone have a convulsion, it can either be scary or funny, depending on whether it's caused by a medical condition or a really funny joke. A convulsion is a jerking, uncontrolled movement.
When a person has a convulsion, it appears as a sudden, violent movement of the body. Convulsions most often happen as a result of a medical condition or illness like epilepsy, but you can also describe a jerky, irregular movement as a convulsion, even if it's caused by hiccups or laughter. A political upheaval or social turmoil can also be called a convulsion, if it's abrupt and violent. The Latin root word is convulsionem, which means "to tear loose."
WORD FAMILY
convulsion: convulsions+/ convulse: convulsed, convulses, convulsing, convulsion, convulsive / convulsive: convulsively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some suffered convulsions, while others complained of eye irritation.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
Seattle, he said, “has that potential” — despite, or perhaps because of, the civic convulsions we’ve been facing, from minimum-wage fights to skyrocketing rents.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
At extremely high doses, caffeine can lead to coma, convulsions, heart attack, vomiting and even death.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. [医]抽搐; 大笑; 震动; 动乱
分布：抽搐(51%)，震动(26%)，动乱(23%)
抽搐,突然发作(con+vuls+ion)[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
noun countable usually plural
■a sudden uncontrollable movement of the muscles in your body, caused by illness or drugs 惊厥；抽搐，痉挛
• She went into convulsions and had to be rushed to hospital. 她全身抽搐，必须要迅速送到医院。
[kən'vʌl.ʃən] noun countable usually plural
be in convulsions informal
■to be laughing uncontrollably 笑得前仰后合
n. [医] 惊厥；动乱；震撼；震动
 - trouble, shock

Word: co-host
Front: co-host
[kəu'həust, 'kəu,həust] None
Back: n. 搭档主持；联合主办
vt. 共同主持
分布：联合主办(100%)

Word: nape
Front: nape
[neɪp] (17049/16739)
Vocabulary: nape
(once / 6211 pages)
n
The nape of your neck is the back of your neck. If you have a ponytail, you might enjoy feeling it brush against the nape of your neck.
Your nape is the base of your neck, the spot where the back of your hair begins. A low braid or ponytail sits at the nape of a woman's neck, and a shoulder massage often includes the nape of your neck and the base of your skull. The origin of nape is uncertain, though one guess is that it came from the Old French hanap, or "goblet," a possible reference to the hollow at the nape of the neck.
WORD FAMILY
nape: napes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scar ran from the center of his head to the nape of his neck.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
You feel something on the nape of your neck.
Washington Times(Oct 22, 2016)
He and his two older brothers have tattoos of the Major League Baseball logo, with Baez’s on the nape of his neck.
New York Times(Oct 16, 2016)
Back: n. 颈背，后颈
分布：颈(59%)，颈背(41%)
→词源不详。
noun countable usually singular
■the back of the neck 颈背，后颈
• She kissed the nape of his neck. 她吻了他的后颈。
n. [解剖] 颈背；项
 - scruff, nucha

Word: flirtation
Front: flirtation
[flɜ:ˈteɪʃn] (16941/18920)
Back: n. 调情，调戏，挑逗
分布：调情(60%)，挑逗(24%)，调戏(12%)，不认真考虑(4%)
→来自flirt, 调情。
US [flɝ:-] noun
SEXUAL ATTRACTION 性吸引
countable or uncountable
■when someone behaves as if they are sexually attracted to another person, without being seriously interested 调情
• It was a harmless flirtation and nothing more. 那只是无伤大雅的打情骂俏罢了，没别的。
UK [flɜ:'teɪ.ʃən] US [flɝ:-] noun
INTEREST 兴趣
only singular
■a short period of being interested in something or doing something 一时兴起，心血来潮
• a brief flirtation with Communism 对共产主义的一时兴趣
n. 调情；调戏；挑逗；不认真的考虑
 - lovemaking, footsy

Word: loath
Front: loath
[ləʊθ, ləʊð] (托雅宝 16958/19026)
Vocabulary: loath
(once / 933 pages)
adj
If you are loath to do something, you really don't want to do it. If you are reluctant to go swimming, people will say you are loath to swim, but if they are really mean — they may throw you in anyway.
The adjective loath is used to describe being extremely opposed to something. The term is generally followed by to — "The teacher was loath to let the students turn in papers late, but he made an exception for the girl who had missed class due to illness."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
loath / loathe
Confusion between loath ("unwilling or reluctant") and loathe ("to hate") is a growing trend.
What do the following sentences have in common?
But Saudi Arabia isn't the only Muslim country that seems to loath Iran.
Broadcasters are loathe to relinquish control of lucrative cable package services to third party providers.
I'm loathe to put up another Netbook, so let's try this.
Deep Down inside Bud Grant loaths the state of affairs in Minny.
All of them use either loath or loathe incorrectly and all are from trusted publications. The error is a growing trend. Garner's Modern American Usage puts this error at stage 3: "commonplace even among many well-educated people but is still avoided in careful usage."
Loath means to be unwilling or reluctant about something:
For-profit education institutions have been loath to put out that kind of information.
Coalition upper house leader David Davis was loath to speculate on the final outcome in the 40-seat Legislative Council.
Loathe, on the other hand, means to strongly dislike someone or something or find it disgusting:
Love it or loathe it, there's no denying that the holiday season is upon us.
And if voters in general dislike Obamacare, Republican voters positively loathe it.
When it comes to loath and loathe, choose your words with care and avoid a common error.
WORD FAMILY
loath: loathest, loathingly, loathsome +/ loathsome: loathsomely, loathsomeness, loathsomer, loathsomest/loathsomeness: loathsomenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Budget hawks see health care as the main driver of government deficits, and they are loath to address that imbalance by raising taxes.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Now, to the part I am loath to admit: Death is too easy.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The FBI, CIA and NSA would be loath to pay ...
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不愿意的，不喜欢的
分布：勉强的(45%)，不愿意的(44%)，=loathe(11%)
→来自古英语lath,厌恶，讨厌，来自leit,憎恶，词源同德语leiden,承受，忍受，伤心，来自其原始词义leit，向前，引导，前进，词源同lead,lode.并引申词义离别，伤心，最后到厌恶，讨厌。
US [loʊθ] adjective formal
be loath to do sth
■to be unwilling to do something 不愿做…，不情愿干…
• I'm loath to spend it all at once. 我不想把它一次花光。
adj. 勉强的；不情愿的（等于loth）
 - narrow, reluctant, unwilling

Word: mid-century

Word: tailback
Front: tailback
[ˈteɪlbæk] (17016/40069)
Back: n. <英>交通堵塞
分布：车子排长队(50%)，堵车(50%)
['teɪl.bæk] mainly UK
noun countable
■a line of vehicles that have stopped or are moving only very slowly, because of an accident or other problem on the road in front of them （路上因受阻而形成的）车辆长队，长龙
• Yesterday there was a four-mile tailback on the main road into the city after a crash involving a truck and a car. 昨天一辆货车和一辆汽车撞车后，进城的干道上排起了四英里的长龙。

Word: streamer
Front: streamer
[ˈstri:mə(r)] (16885/19701)
Back: n. （作装饰用的）彩色纸带; 长条旗
分布：流光(42%)，横幅(34%)，北极光(8%)，装饰彩纸条(8%)，长条旗(8%)
→stream,流动，漂动，-er,表物。
US [-mɚ] noun countable
■a long narrow strip of brightly coloured paper that is used as a decoration for special occasions such as parties 装饰彩纸条，饰带
• We decorated the office with streamers for Paul's leaving party. 我们为了替保罗办个告别会，用彩带装饰了一下办公室。
n. 彩色纸带；饰带；长旗；横幅
 - banner, soutache

Word: snowshoe
Front: snowshoe
[ˈsnəʊʃu:] (16980/-)
Back: n. 雪鞋
vi. 穿雪鞋走路
时态：snowshoed, snowshoeing, snowshoes
分布：雪鞋(89%)，穿着雪鞋走(11%)
US ['snoʊ-] noun countable
■a flat frame with straps of material stretched across it which can be fixed to a boot to allow a person to walk on snow without sinking in 雪鞋

Word: symbiotic
Front: symbiotic
[ˌsɪmbaɪ'ɒtɪk] (托 16889/23914)
Vocabulary: symbiotic
(once / 44268 pages)
adj
A symbiotic relationship benefits both parties. The two of you have a symbiotic relationship: she fixes your car and you style her hair.
In biology, symbiotic refers to any diverse organisms that live together, but in this case, the relationship is not necessarily beneficial to both. Parasites, for example, have a symbiotic relationship with their hosts, but only the parasite benefits. If you contract a parasite, you might consider charging rent or throwing the bum out!
WORD FAMILY
symbiotic: nonsymbiotic, symbiotically+/ symbiosis: symbiotic
USAGE EXAMPLES
A symbiotic partnership between fungus and an alga, scientists are still probing their mysteries.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Lucinid clams get nourishment from symbiotic bacteria living in their gills.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Professor Kaufmann argues that anxiety over white identity and anti-immigrant populist politicians can have a symbiotic relationship, each strengthening the other.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 共生的
分布：共生的(74%)，共栖的(26%)
ADJ-GRADED
共生的;互惠互利的
A symbiotic relationship is one in which organisms, people, or things exist together in a way that benefits them all.
例：...fungi that have a symbiotic relationship with the trees of these northwestern forests...与西北部这些森林里的树木存在共生关系的真菌
例：Racing has always had a symbiotic relationship with betting.赛马总是与赌博相挂钩。
adj. [生态] 共生的；共栖的
 - paragenetic

Word: campaigning
Front: campaigning
[kæm'peɪn] (17069/15974)
Back: vi. 作战；参加竞选；参加活动
n. 运动；活动；战役
分布：运动(42%)，活动(38%)，战役(10%)，竞选运动(5%)，参加竞选(4%)，从事运动(1%)
N-COUNT
(社会、政治)运动,活动
A campaign is a planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve something such as social or political change.
例：During his election campaign he promised to put the economy back on its feet...他在竞选时许诺将重振经济。
例：Apacs has launched a campaign to improve the training of staff.雅拍体育用品公司开展了加强员工培训的活动。
VERB
发起运动;开展活动
If someone campaigns for something, they carry out a planned set of activities over a period of time in order to achieve their aim.
例：We are campaigning for law reform...我们正在宣传呼吁进行法律改革。
例：Mr Burns has actively campaigned against a hostel being set up here...伯恩斯先生积极活动,反对在这儿建青年旅舍。
N-COUNT
(包括一系列战斗的)战役
In a war, a campaign is a series of planned movements carried out by armed forces.
例：The allies are intensifying their air campaign.联军部队正加大他们的空战强度。
例：...a bombing campaign.轮番轰炸

Word: regress
Front: regress
[rɪˈgres] (宝 16913/21815 -1)
Vocabulary: regress
(once / 7680 pages)
vn
To regress is to return to a former state or condition, and not usually in a good way. It often means "relapse" or "get worse."
First used in the late 14th century as a noun meaning "act of going back," regress originates from the Latin regress, meaning "a return." Many feel that the regress to anti-social behavior among teenagers is caused by violent video games, TV shows, and movies. A 30 year old forced to move back home may regress to old, childlike habits. It can also happen to someone's health, like when the condition of someone in recovery takes a turn for the worse.
WORD FAMILY
regress: regressed, regresses, regressing, regression, regressive +/ regression: regressions/ regressive: regressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But as she approached her first birthday, Blake started regressing.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
They tend to regress to the mean of the MFA, and mostly address one another.
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
She regresses with an old boyfriend, forgetting her current one exists.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vi. 逆行，倒退; 退回，回归; 退化
vt. 使…倒退
n. 回归，退回; 退步，退化; [法]复归权
时态：regressed, regressing, regresses
分布：倒退(34%)，回归(28%)，退回(25%)，退化(10%)，逆向思维(3%)
→re-,向后，往回，-gress,走，词源同 grade,aggressive.引申词义倒退，回归。
[rɪ'gres] formal
verb intransitive
■to return to a previous and less advanced or worse state, condition or way of behaving 退步；退化；倒退
• She suffered brain damage from the car accident and regressed to the mental age of a five-year-old. 在那宗汽车交通事故中，她的脑部受损，智商倒退到五岁孩子的水准。
Compare progress
vi. 逆行，倒退；复归
 - reverse, stem
n. 回归；退回
 - returning, bsbackspacing

Word: topsoil
Front: topsoil
[ˈtɒpsɔɪl] (托 16882/24100)
Back: n. 表土（层），耕作（层）; 耕层
分布：表层土(96%)，去掉表土(4%)
【记】top顶，soil土。
US ['tɑ:p-] noun uncountable
■(the soil which forms) the top layer of ground in which plants grow 表土（层） Compare subsoil

Word: headboard
Front: headboard
[ˈhedbɔ:d] (17011/25209)
Back: n. 床头板
分布：床头板(100%)
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
■a vertical board at the end of a bed behind where your head rests 床头板
n. 床头板
 - bedhead

Word: rationing
Front: rationing
[ˈræʃənɪŋ] (托 16883/15281 -1)
Vocabulary: rationing
(once / 5979 pages)
n
Rationing is carefully controlling the amount of something that people use. During World War Two, Americans participated in the rationing of food, gasoline, and other materials.
When something is in short supply, like rubber and metal during the Second World War, a government will often institute rationing to save that material, making sure there's enough of it for emergencies. Rationing during the war meant that people had a specific amount of food they could buy each week, and once an item was used up, they had to wait until they got a new ration book to buy more. Ration means "hand out in fixed amounts."
WORD FAMILY
ration: rationing, rations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Food rationing grew so severe that Venezuelans spent all day waiting in lines.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Rationing was increased, and industrial enterprises were cut back or shut down as Cuban workers were shifted to agriculture.
Washington Post(Nov 26, 2016)
As Cuba’s economic output fell by at least 35%, Mr. Castro declared a “special period in peacetime” of strict rationing.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 定量配给
v. 限量供应，配给供应(ration的现在分词)
分布：定量供应(86%)，动词ration的现在分词形式.(14%)
noun uncountable
■a system of limiting the amount of something that each person is allowed to have 配给制；定量配给
• fuel rationing 燃料配给

Word: axial
Front: axial
[ˈæksiəl] (六 17034/25862)
Back: adj. 轴的; 成轴的; <机>轴向的，轴周围的
分布：轴向的(49%)，轴的(44%)，成轴的(7%)
adj. 轴的；轴向的
 - axile

Word: withholding
Front: withholding
[wɪð'həʊldɪŋ] (16957/19577)
Back: n. 扣交
v. 扣留( withhold的现在分词 ); 拒绝给予; 抑制（某事物）; 制止
VERB
拒绝给予;扣留
If you withhold something that someone wants, you do not let them have it.
例：Police withheld the dead boy's name yesterday until relatives could be told...警方昨天拒绝在通知亲属前透露死亡男孩的姓名。
例：Financial aid for Britain has been withheld...向英国提供的经济援助已经被扣。
v. 克制；阻挡（withhold的ing形式）
 - containing

Word: rote
Front: rote
[rəʊt] (托宝 16910/23921)
Vocabulary: rote
(once / 5672 pages)
n
Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Rote means learning a fact by repeating it. Do you remember what rote means yet?
Some teachers think rote learning is bad for students. They say that if students just use memorization to learn knowledge that they will not have a deeper understanding of how things relate to one another or can be applied. Another way rote is used, is to refer to knowing something so well that you can recite it from memory, or by heart. You might know a lot of nursery from childhood by rote.
WORD FAMILY
rote: rotes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Teaching is dull and based on rote learning; results are bad.
Economist(Oct 27, 2016)
It’s rote work, but repetition is nothing new to anyone with autism.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
And there is something vicious about all that book learning, especially when it had to be done by rote.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 死记硬背; 机械的作法，生搬硬套; 涛声
分布：死记硬背(71%)，死记硬背的(22%)，机械的(4%)，机械的做法(3%)
→词源不详，可能来自拉丁语 rotare,旋转，转动，词源同 round,roll,rotate.比喻用法。
【记】rot转，e－翻来覆去的背诵－死记硬背
US [roʊt] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
rote learning
■learning something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it 死记硬背
UK [rəʊt] US [roʊt] usually disapproving
noun uncountable
learn sth by rote slightly disapproving
■to learn something in order to be able to repeat it from memory, rather than in order to understand it 死记硬背地学
• She learned the equations by rote. 她靠死记硬背记住了这些公式。
n. 死记硬背；生搬硬套
 - rotte

Word: phosphate
Front: phosphate
[ˈfɒsfeɪt] (16729/8316 -1)
Back: n. 磷酸盐; （含有少量磷酸的）汽水
分布：磷酸盐(76%)，磷肥(23%)，磷酸果汁汽水(1%)
→来自phosphorus,磷，-ate,化学名词后缀，盐。
US ['fɑ:s-] noun countable
■a chemical compound which contains phosphorus 磷酸盐
• Most fertilizers contain nitrogen and phosphates. 大多数肥料都含有氮和磷酸盐。

Word: unsavory
Front: unsavory
['ʌn'seɪvərɪ] (16968/-)
Vocabulary: unsavory
(once / 8455 pages)
adj
Call something unsavory if it's unappetizing, tasteless, or morally offensive. Curdled sour milk is pretty unsavory, as are the dirty details of the latest political scandal.
The adjective unsavory was formed by merging un, meaning “not,” with savory, meaning “pleasant, agreeable.” So if it's unsavory, it's unpleasant. First used to describe revolting tastes, unsavory now also applies to just about anything that figuratively leaves a bad taste in your mouth. Mobsters do all kinds of unsavory things to the people that cross them. So you probably shouldn't hang out with such unsavory characters.
WORD FAMILY
unsavory: unsavorily, unsavoriness+/ savory: savories, savorily, savoriness, unsavory
USAGE EXAMPLES
That he would parlay his notoriety into some sort of book deal is an unsavory, if inevitable, prospect.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, what some view as hard-fought concessions, others criticize as unsavory dealings.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The rules ranged from the vague promise to eliminate “unsavory illustrations” to the oddly specific vow to not depict werewolfism.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. <美>没有味道的; 难闻的; （令人）讨厌的; （道德上）名誉不好的
分布：难吃的(46%)，令人不快的(18%)，不香的(12%)，难闻的(12%)，没味的(12%)
adj. 难吃的；没有香味的；令人讨厌的
 - terrible, unpalatable

Word: ten-year-old

Word: auditing
Front: auditing
['ɔ:dɪtɪŋ] (16940/10948)
Back: n. 查账; 审计; 审核; 审计学
v. 审计，查账( audit的现在分词 )
分布：审计(97%)，查账(1%)，决算(1%)，动词audit的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
查（账）；审计
When an accountant audits an organization's accounts, he or she examines the accounts officially in order to make sure that they have been done correctly.
例：Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair.他们每年对我们进行账务审核，以确保其真实无误。

Word: hah
Front: hah
[hɑ:] (17063/27709)
Back: int. 嘿，哈
分布：嘿(75%)，=ha.(25%)
/hæ] exclamation
■ ha
int. 哈，嘿
 - socko

Word: Austrian
Front: Austrian
['ɒstrɪən] (10516/7873)
Back: n. 奥地利人
adj. 奥地利的；奥地利人的
分布：奥地利的(51%)，奥地利人(41%)，奥地利人的(8%)
US [ɔ:.stri:ən] adjective noun countable See table of Geographical names

Word: falsehood
Front: falsehood
[ˈfɔ:lshʊd] (宝 16951/18965)
Vocabulary: falsehood
(once / 557 pages)
n
A falsehood is a lie. If your mom has an uncanny knack for knowing when you're telling a falsehood, it means she always knows when you're stretching the truth.
The noun falsehood is a slightly fancy or old-fashioned way of saying "lie." It's hard to ever completely trust a friend again once he's told you a falsehood, although sometimes people tell small falsehoods simply to make others feel better. Telling your aunt her pink hair looks fine is a small falsehood, while lying about your grades on a college application is a pretty big falsehood. The Latin root is falsus, "deceived or erroneous."
WORD FAMILY
falsehood: falsehoods+/ false: falsehood, falsely, falseness, falser, falses, falsest, falsity /falseness: falsenesses/ falsity: falsities
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Ten Questions For Fake News Detection” helps teachers and students comb through an article to find tell-tale signs of falsehood.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Falsehoods and character assassinations should never be reprinted.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Unsurprising that HPSCI’s report is rifled with obvious falsehoods. The only surprise is how accidentally exonerating it is,” Snowden tweeted.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <正> 谎言，假话，虚假
分布：谎言(66%)，虚假(34%)
虚伪;错误(false错,假+hood表示状态→假的状态)[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
谬误(false错,假)[-hood表名词"时期,性质等"]
US ['fɑ:ls-] noun formal
uncountable
■lying 说谎
• She doesn't seem to understand the difference between truth and falsehood. 她似乎并不明白真实与虚假的区别。
countable
■a lie or a statement which is not correct 谎言；谬误
n. 说谎；假话；不真实；错误的信仰
 - lying, story

Word: drug-related

Word: amputate
Front: amputate
[ˈæmpjuteɪt] (宝 16975/18585 -1)
Vocabulary: amputate
(once / 2348 pages)
v
Use the verb amputate when you need to describe the surgical removal of a limb, such as an arm or a leg. For example, a doctor might amputate an accident victim's badly crushed arm.
No doubt you hope you'll never have to tell someone that you have to amputate, but if you do make sure you pronounce the word correctly, with the accent on the first syllable: "AM-pyo-tate." Amputate comes from the Latin word amputat-, meaning "lopped off." It can describe the removal of limbs or digits from both humans and animals.
WORD FAMILY
amputate: amputated, amputates, amputating, amputation, amputator+/amputation: amputations/amputator: amputators
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was hospitalized repeatedly after the fall, and most of her right leg was amputated in January because of gangrene.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
She underwent hip surgery in 2010, then her right leg was amputated to avoid the spread of an infection.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Most of her right leg was amputated in January 2011 because of gangrene and the left leg was also threatened.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. （用外科手术）截（肢等）; 切断; 砍掉; 删除
时态：amputated, amputating, amputates
分布：切断(100%)
→复合词。前缀amphi-, 同ambi-, 两，二。词根put, 思考，古义砍，切，同pave, 铺路。该词原指给树木剪枝，后指医学上人体截肢。
【记】am读：俺，put放，ate吃的过去式。俺的胳臂被切除到锅里做成吃的了。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to cut off a part of the body 截（肢）；切除（身体部位）
• They had to amputate his foot to free him from the wreckage. 为了把他从残骸中解救出来，他们只好截断他的一只脚。
• In these cases there is no choice but to amputate. 在这些情况下，除了截肢别无选择。
vt. 截肢；切断；删除
 - cut off, cut out

Word: councilman
Front: councilman
[ˈkaʊnslmən] (16926/-)
Back: n. 议员，市议会议员
分布：议员(80%)，市议会议员(20%)
N-COUNT; N-TITLE
男市议员;政务委员会男委员
A councilman is a man who is a member of a local council.
例：...a city councilman.市议员
例：...Councilman Simpkins.市议员辛普金斯
n. 议员；委员
 - commissioner, assembly man

Word: gunpowder
Front: gunpowder
[ˈgʌnpaʊdə(r)] (四六 16953/16323)
Back: n. 火药; 有烟火药，黑色火药; 中国珠茶
分布：火药(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
■an explosive mixture of substances in the form of a powder, used for making explosive devices and fireworks 火药
n. [军] 火药；有烟火药
 - powder

Word: catalogue
Front: catalogue
[ˈkætəlɒg] (高六雅 6793/2710 -2)
Vocabulary: catalogue
(once / 514 pages)
nv
A catalogue is a list of things. Those glossy booklets from your favorite clothing shops that fill your mailbox are catalogues, and so is that online list you consult to find a book at the library.
A catalogue — also spelled catalog — can be a list of anything, arranged in some order, and when you list things, you catalogue them. If you're particularly peeved at your brother, you might catalogue for him every annoying thing he's done lately. If you've ever worked in a library, you may have been assigned to catalogue new books, or, at your office, you might catalogue all the printers, listing the make and model of each one.
WORD FAMILY
catalogue: catalogued, cataloguer, catalogues, cataloguing+/cataloguer: cataloguers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Digitization is laudable, but it never replaces the books themselves, which now need to be carefully studied and catalogued,” she said.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The writer is founder and president of the Catalogue for Philanthropy: Greater Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
That’s why I created the Pre-Snap Reads Quarterback Catalogue, and why I will publish that each year.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 目录，一览表; （美）大学情况便览; 展览目录; 产品样本
vt. 为…编目录; 登记分类; 记载，列入目录; 登记（某人、某事的）详情
时态：catalogued, cataloguing, catalogues
分布：目录(92%)，系列(4%)，编入目录(1%)，总目(1%)，编制目录(1%)，在目录里列出价格(1%)
→cata-, 向下。-log, 说，读，词源同legible,lecture.
目录,一览表(cata下面+logue在下面要说的话→目录)[log,logu=speak,表示"说话"]
US ['kætˌ.əl.ɑ:g] noun (ALSO US usually catalog)
LIST 清单
 ADVANCED countable
■a book with a list of all the goods that you can buy from a shop （商品）目录册
• a mail-order catalogue 邮购目录
countable
■a list of all the books, paintings, etc. that exist in a place （书籍、绘画作品等的）目录
UK ['kæt.əl.ɒg] US ['kætˌ.əl.ɑ:g] noun (ALSO US usually catalog)
BAD EVENTS 坏事
only singular
■A catalogue of unwanted events is a series of them 一系列，一连串（坏事情）
• The whole holiday was a catalogue of disasters. 整个假期祸事接二连三。
• a catalogue of errors/crimes/complaints 一连串的错误／罪行／投诉
UK ['kæt.əl.ɒg] US ['kætˌ.əl.ɑ:g] verb transitive
■to record something, especially in a list 纪录；将…编入目录
• Many plants become extinct before they have even been catalogued. 许多植物甚至还没来得及编入目录就已经灭绝了。
n. [图情] [计] 目录；（美）大学情况一览
 - directory, content, list

Word: scent
Front: scent
[sent] (研四六托雅 4460/5433 -2)
Vocabulary: scent
(once / 313 pages)
nv
A scent is a smell. Every house has a particular scent that is recognizable to people as belonging to that house.
Scent comes from the Latin sentire meaning "to feel, perceive, sense." The word was originally used in reference to hunting dogs, who track down animals by their scent. If you "pick up a scent," then you have a clue about something. If you wear a perfume, then you leave your scent in the air as you pass. Use scent instead of smell if you want to talk about a distinctively nice odor, like the scent of fresh-cut grass.
WORD FAMILY
scent: scented, scenting, scentless, scents+/scented: ill-scented
USAGE EXAMPLES
Likewise, it's not clear whether an aromatherapy diffuser needs to be smartphone-controlled, even if its scents really boost memory and clean lungs, as claimed.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
She wanted to throw the wolves off the scent.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The scent, it transpires, is white tea and thyme.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 香味，气味; 嗅觉; （动物的）臭迹; 痕迹，踪迹
vt. 闻到; 察觉，发觉; 使充满…的气味; 发出气味
vi. 发出…的气味; 有…的迹象; 嗅着气味追赶
时态：scented, scenting, scents
分布：气味(50%)，香味(37%)，线索(6%)，充满(3%)，发觉(2%)，闻出(1%)，得到 ... 的暗示(1%)
→来自古法语 sentir,感觉，感官，闻，来自拉丁语 sentire,感觉，感官，词源同 sense,sentiment. 插入字母 c 可能是受-sc-影响。引申词义闻，嗅，气味，气息等。
n.气味,香味,香水,线索,嗅觉v.嗅,发觉The neutral scent of kerosene is concentrated in the center of the scene.煤油的中性气味在场景中心被浓缩.
noun
countable
■a pleasant natural smell 香味
• the scent of roses 玫瑰的香味
countable
■a smell produced by an animal which acts as a signal to other animals （动物的）臭迹
• The hounds had lost the scent of the fox near the river. 猎狗在河边就闻不到狐狸的臭迹了。
countable or uncountable
■a pleasant-smelling liquid that people put on their skin; perfume 香水
• a bottle of scent 一瓶香水
[sent] noun
on the scent
■close to discovering 快要找到，已获得线索
• "We're on the scent of something big, " said the police chief. “我们快要抓到大鱼了，”警长说。
[sent] noun
throw/put sb off the scent
■to give someone false or confusing information to prevent them from discovering something that you do not want them to know about 使（某人）失去线索，使（某人）找不到
[sent] verb transitive
■If an animal scents something or someone, it knows they are there because it can smell them. （动物）嗅出，闻到
■If a person scents something, they have a feeling that they are about to experience it 觉察出；预感到
• Halfway through the match, the team could already scent victory. 打了半场以后，这个球队已经嗅到胜利了。
[sent] verb transitive
scent blood
■to believe that someone you are competing against is having difficulties and to use this to get an advantage for yourself 嗅到血腥味（相信竞争对手有麻烦，并利用之为自己取得好处）
• The manager has already made some serious errors of judgment and it is clear that other employees scent blood. 经理已经犯了一些严重的判断错误，显然其他员工都想利用经理的过失，为自己谋求利益。
smell, fragrance, incense, perfume, flavour, odour, scent
这组词都有“气味”的意思，其区别是：
smell: 普通用词，与odour很相近，中性词。可指好闻或不好闻或中性气味。
fragrance: 较正式的典雅用词，常指花妆品、花朵和香料等发出的令人感到新鲜、愉快的香味。
incense: 指香燃烧时发出的芳香的烟味。
perfume: 书面用词，指强烈、浓厚天然或人工制造的香气。
flavour: 指影响嗅觉、味觉的香气或香味，多用于指食物等独特的味。
odour: 书面中性词，侧重气味本身的本质，既可指令人愉快的气味，也可指令人作呕难闻气味。
scent: 与smell很接近，但着重某物质或物体所特有的气味，多指好闻的气味。
n. 气味；嗅觉；痕迹；察觉能力
 - smell, nose, mark, wind, trace
vt. 闻到；发觉；使充满…的气味；循着遗臭追踪
 - discover, wake to
vi. 发出…的气味；有…的迹象；嗅着气味追赶
 - show evidence of

Word: first-generation
Front: first-generation
[ˈfə:stˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] None
Back: adj. 出生在美国的
分布：出生在美国的(100%)

Word: snowboard
Front: snowboard
[ˈsnəʊbɔ:d] (17064/-)
Vocabulary: snowboard
(once / 1695 pages)
nv
A snowboard is very similar to a surfboard, but it's for standing on and sliding down a snowy mountain. If you visit a ski resort, you'll see many people zipping down the slopes on snowboards.
The equipment that you use for surfing down snow-covered hills is called a snowboard, and you can also use the word as a verb: many teenagers love to snowboard during the winter. Snowboarders usually wear helmets and strap their snowboards to their boots. They often fly down mountains alongside skiers, and they tend to fall down much more often. Snowboards, along with the word itself, became popular in the 1980's.
WORD FAMILY
snowboard: snowboarded, snowboarder, snowboarding, snowboards+/snowboarder: snowboarders/snowboarding: snowboardings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The FIS also said it was working with the Russian Snowboard Federation to look “for possible replacement competitions in Russia on the same dates.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Several hundred U.S. ski resorts are participating in Learn to Ski & Snowboard Month in January with discounted deals for beginners.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Snow is abundant in the mountains this year, with many ski and snowboard areas open and filled with winter sports enthusiasts.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 滑雪板
vi. 参加滑雪（运动）
时态：snowboarded, snowboarding, snowboards
分布：滑雪板(93%)，用滑雪板(7%)
US ['snoʊ.bɔ:rd] verb intransitive
■to slide on the snow by standing on a specially shaped board 滑雪板，单板滑雪
• I'm learning to snowboard at the moment. 我目前正在学习单板滑雪。
• Snowboard parks are becoming more popular. 单板滑雪公园越来越受欢迎。
UK ['snəʊ.bɔ:d] US ['snoʊ.bɔ:rd] noun countable
■a specially shaped board that you stand on to slide down a snow-covered slope 滑雪板

Word: intricately
Front: intricately
['ɪntrɪkətlɪ] (托 16979/22116)
Back: adv. 杂乱地，复杂地; 难懂地
分布：杂乱地(75%)，复杂地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
复杂精细的;错综复杂的
You use intricate to describe something that has many small parts or details.
例：...intricate patterns and motifs.复杂的式样与图案
adv. 杂乱地
 - mussily, promiscuously

Word: parlance
Front: parlance
[ˈpɑ:ləns] (宝 16974/19083)
Vocabulary: parlance
(once / 5667 pages)
n
The noun parlance means the manner of speaking and using words. Your 15-year-old will tell you that you are definitely not fluent in the parlance of teenagers, no matter how cool you think you are.
Parlance comes from the French word parler, meaning "to speak." The noun is often used to refer to the jargon or slang a certain group or industry uses. If you work in the sciences, you'll be familiar with the parlance of scientists and be familiar with such jargon as "goodness of fit" and "iff", which means "if and only if". But if you are not a scientist, you may stumble when you first come across such terms.
WORD FAMILY
parlance: parlances
USAGE EXAMPLES
In legal parlance, race is a “suspect classification” subject to “strict scrutiny.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
In fashion parlance, with a sliver of ankle flesh showing.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
“In Five Star parlance, people say, ‘When you get a PS, it’s never a good thing,’” Mr. Pizzarotti said.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 腔调，说法，用语
分布：说法(46%)，语调(27%)，用语(18%)，辩论(9%)
→来自古法语parler,说话，词源同parley,Parliament.
说法,用语(parl+ance)[parl=speak,表示"说话"]
【记】读：怕烂撕，固定用法是害怕被撕烂的。
US ['pɑ:r-] formal
noun uncountable
■a group of words or style of speaking used by a particular group of people 说法，用语
• Oral contraceptives are collectively referred to in common parlance as 'the pill'. 口服避孕药通常被统称为 the pill。
• business/legal parlance 商业／法律用语
n. 说法；用语；语调；发言
 - diction, intonation

Word: disclaimer
Front: disclaimer
[dɪsˈkleɪmə(r)] (宝 16950/16361)
Vocabulary: disclaimer
(once / 2028 pages)
n
A disclaimer is a statement that rejects a legal claim. If you're speaking on Russian history and don't want to be quoted, offer a disclaimer that all your information comes from Wikipedia and you're not responsible for its accuracy.
A claim is the assertion that you have a right to something, so a disclaimer is the opposite: the rejection of a claim. If you don't want to keep the money you're inheriting, you can file a disclaimer and pass all the money on to a charity. Although disclaimer comes from talking about legal claims, we also use it in general to mean "denial" or "repudiation."
WORD FAMILY
disclaimer: disclaimers+/ disclaim: disclaimed, disclaimer, disclaiming, disclaims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Discussion of these scenarios is typically followed with a disclaimer that this is only hypothetical and would never actually happen.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
He said the disclaimer would clear up any perceived endorsement of religion by the district, the Houston Chronicle reported.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Between nearly every act break, A&E airs a disclaimer that the church disputes many of the statements made in the program:
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 否认声明; 放弃; 放弃者
分布：免责声明(71%)，放弃(21%)，弃权(8%)
→来自disclaim, 否认，拒绝承认。用于指法律上的免责声明。
US [-mɚ] noun countable formal
■a formal statement saying that you are not legally responsible for something, such as the information given in a book or on the Internet, or that you have no direct involvement in it 否认；否认声明
specialized
■a formal statement giving up your legal claim to something or ending your connection with it 放弃书，弃权书
n. 不承诺，免责声明；放弃，拒绝
 - rejection, resignation

Word: khakis
Front: khakis
['kɑːki] (16935/-)
Back: n. 卡其裤；卡其服装；卡其黄（khaki的复数）

Word: flake
Front: flake
[fleɪk] (六托雅 7753/10159 -1)
Vocabulary: flake
(once / 1280 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
A flake is a tiny piece of something. A flake could be a tasty morsel like a croissant flake, or a not so tasty morsel — like a dandruff flake. Ewww.
In some places, you can see flakes of mica, a shiny glimmering mineral, lining the banks of a pond or paths through the woods. There are also croissant flakes, dandruff flakes, and of course snow flakes, individual snow crystals. When something flakes, it comes off in tiny flecks: "The paint had started to flake off the kitchen wall." If someone calls you a flake, they basically mean you're a weirdo.
WORD FAMILY
flake: flaked, flakes, flakey, flaking, flaky +/flakey: flakiness/ flaky: flakier, flakiest, flakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the evening, still more flakes flew in Washington.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Sweat the onion, minced garlic, red pepper flakes and paprika for 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
In a small saucepan, combine the vinegar, soy sauce, sugar and chile flakes and bring to a boil over high heat, stirring once or twice.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 小薄片，（尤指）碎片; 火星，火花; 晒鱼架，食品搁架; 昏过去，不省人事
vi. （成小薄片）脱落，剥落
vt. 把（鱼、食物等）切成薄片
时态：flaked, flaking, flakes
分布：薄片(41%)，剥落(34%)，火花(18%)，小片(7%)
→词源不确定。可能来自pele, 平的，词源同flat, plan. 用来指小薄片，碎片。
noun countable
SMALL PIECE 小片
■a small thin piece of something, especially if it has come from a surface covered with a layer of something 小薄片；（尤指）碎片
• flakes of snow 雪花
• soap flakes 肥皂片
• This room needs decorating - flakes of paint keep coming off the walls. 这个房间需要装修——墙上的油漆不断地一片片地往下掉。
[fleɪk] noun countable
PERSON 人 mainly US informal
■a person who you cannot trust to remember things or to do what they say they will do, or someone who behaves in a strange way 健忘的人；古怪的人，奇特的人
[fleɪk] verb intransitive
■to come off a surface in small thin pieces 成片地剥落、脱落
• Patches of skin are starting to flake off. 片片皮屑开始脱落。
[fleɪk] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  flake out informal
■to suddenly go to sleep or feel weak because you are extremely tired 突然睡着；（因疲倦而）倒下
• I got home and flaked out on the sofa. 我一进家门便瘫倒在沙发上。
vi. 剥落；成片状剥落
 - chip, shell
n. 小薄片；火花
 - spark, A FRAME

Word: ice-cream

Word: swordfish
Front: swordfish
[ˈsɔ:dfɪʃ] (17077/25386)
Back: n. 旗鱼
分布：旗鱼(100%)
US ['sɔ:rd-] (plural swordfish or swordfishes)
noun countable or uncountable
■a large long fish with a very long pointed part like a beak at the front of its head, often eaten as food 剑鱼
n. 箭鱼
 - saurida

Word: supremely
Front: supremely
[su:ˈpri:mli] (托 16984/14926)
Back: adv. 极其，极为
分布：无上地(40%)，崇高地(40%)，极度地(20%)
adverb
■extremely 极其，极度地
• Wales are supremely confident of winning the match. 威尔士对打赢这场比赛信心百倍。
adv. 至上地；崇高地
 - consummately, nobly

Word: white-haired
Front: white-haired
['waɪt'heəd] None
Back: adj. 长着白发的，被捧场的; 白发皤然
分布：白发的(67%)，得宠的(33%)
ADJ
(老者)白发苍苍的
Someone who is white-haired has white hair, usually because they are old.

Word: operatic
Front: operatic
[ˌɒpə'rætɪk] (16967/15754)
Back: adj. 歌剧的; 歌剧风格的
分布：歌剧的(60%)，歌剧风格的(40%)
US [ˌɑ:.pə'rætˌ-] adjective
■of, for or relating to opera 歌剧的；和歌剧相关的
• an operatic society 歌剧社
• operatic arias 歌剧咏叹调

Word: mass
Front: mass
[mæs] (高研四六托雅 1989/1857 -K4)
Vocabulary: mass
(once / 78 pages)
nadjv
Anything that has weight and shape has mass. In fact, mass is the quality that gives things weight anywhere there's gravity.
If you think about mass being about weight and shape, you can see how many of its meanings are related. If something is very big we say it has great mass — or is massive. If we talk about a large group of people, we talk about a mass demonstration or a mass of demonstrators. We refer to poor or common people as the masses — there are a lot of them. Doctors refer to tumors inside our bodies as masses.
WORD FAMILY
mass: massed, masses, massing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They want to mobilize the masses, not just within China.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He said the mass questioning of North Africans happened "because we recognised corresponding aggressive behaviour amongst them".
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s a curse for companies that aim at a mass market, America’s traditional strength.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 大量，大多; 块，堆，团; [物理学]质量; 弥撒曲
vt. & vi. （使）集中，聚集
adj. 群众的; 大规模的; 整个的; 集中的
vi. 聚集起来
vt. 使集合
时态：massed, massing, masses
分布：大量(34%)，块(21%)，大规模的(14%)，群众的(9%)，集中(7%)，弥撒(6%)，弥撒曲(5%)，众多(4%)
→来自拉丁语missa,解散，遣散，词源同mission,emit.宗教词义弥撒来自弥撒仪式后的解散语”Ite,missa est”,即走吧，解散了，ite,走，离开，词源同exit,missa,解散，词源同emit,est,是，词源同is,essence.mass 团，块，堆，物质质量
n.大量,众多;团,块;(pl.)群众,民众;质量There was a mass of children in the yard.在庭院里有很多孩子.
verb intransitive
■to come together in large numbers 集中，聚集
• Thousands of troops have massed along the border in preparation for an invasion. 数千大军已经集结在边境上，准备入侵。
[mæs] adjective [before noun]
 IMPROVER
■having an effect on or involving a large number of people or forming a large amount 大量的；大规模的；大批的
• weapons of mass destruction 大规模毁灭性武器
• a mass murderer 杀人狂
• mass starvation 饥荒成灾
• Opposition groups plan to stage mass demonstrations all over the country. 反对派计划在全国发起大规模游行示威。
[mæs] noun
LARGE AMOUNT 大量
 ADVANCED only singular
■a large amount of something that has no particular shape or arrangement 大量；大批；众多
• The explosion reduced the church to a mass of rubble. 爆炸使教堂变成一堆瓦砾。
• The forest is a mass of colour in autumn. 秋季的森林色彩斑斓。
■(also Mass) countable or uncountable
■a religious ceremony in some Christian churches based on Christ's last meal with his disciples , or music written for the parts of this ceremony 弥撒；弥撒曲
• to go to Mass 参加弥撒
⇒ See also Communion
masses
[plural] mainly UK informal
■a lot 许多，大量
• [+ to infinitive] I've got masses to do at the weekend. 我周末有许多事要做。
• There were masses of people in town today. 今天城里人很多。
the mass of sth
■most of something …的主要部分，…的主体；…的大多数
• The mass of the people support the government's reforms. 大多数人支持政府的改革。
[mæs] noun
SOLID LUMP 固体块状物
countable
■a solid lump with no clear shape 团，块，堆
• The sauce was now a sticky mass at the bottom of the pan. 酱汁现在成了黏稠的一团，黏在平底锅锅底。
[mæs] noun
ORDINARY PEOPLE 平民
the masses
■the ordinary people who form the largest group in a society 群众，平民
• He was popular with the aristocracy but failed to win the support of the masses. 他很受贵族阶层的欢迎，但未能赢得民众的支持。
[mæs] noun
PHYSICS 物理
countable specialized
■(in physics) the amount of matter in any solid object or in any volume of liquid or gas 质量
• The acceleration of a body equals the force exerted on it divided by its mass. 物体所受外力除以其质量等于其加速度。
mass, folk
mass: 大众的
folk: 人们，民间的
n. 块，团；群众，民众；大量，众多
 - piece, block, lots of, wealth, ocean, sea
adj. 群众的，民众的；大规模的，集中的
 - concentrated, intensive, wholesale
vi. 聚集起来，聚集
 - concentrate, collect, crowd

Word: humanist
Front: humanist
[ˈhju:mənɪst] (托 15277/16365)
Vocabulary: humanist
(once / 5490 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Do you prefer humans to gods or animals? Well, perhaps you’re a budding humanist, someone who wants the best for humankind. A humanist is also a scholar of the classics and liberal arts.
The word humanist comes from the Renaissance, by way of an Italian poet, Lodovico Ariosto. It started out as a name for a scholar of classical Greek and Latin literature. It still describes someone who studies liberal arts, or humanities, but now a humanist is also someone who’s especially interested in what's good for humanity. Humanists want everyone to have enough food, shelter, and dignity.
WORD FAMILY
humanist: humanists+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/ inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Marc Riboud, a giant of humanist photography, did so with stylish ease.
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
It hardly sounds like a universal cipher, the kind of humanist tale that attracts readers over time.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The appeal was brought by the American Humanist Association after a U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 人道主义者，人文主义者
分布：人文学者(100%)
→human-,人的，人文的，-ist,人。
N-UNCOUNT
人本主义;人文主义
Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion.
n. 人道主义者；人类学者，人文学者；人文主义者
 - anthropologist

Word: peculiarly
Front: peculiarly
[pɪˈkju:liəli] (16963/11352)
Back: adv. 异常地; 尤其地; 古怪地; 单独地
分布：特有地(67%)，古怪地(33%)
US [-'kju:l.jɚ-] adverb
VERY 非常 slightly old-fashioned or literary
■very or especially 非常；特别，尤其
• It's peculiarly painful where I burnt my hand. 我手上烧伤的地方很痛。
• She's a peculiarly attractive woman. 她是个非常有魅力的女人。
UK [pɪ'kju:.li.ə.li] US [-'kju:l.jɚ-] adverb
STRANGELY 奇怪地
■in a strange, and sometimes unpleasant, way 奇怪地，古怪地
• He looked at me most peculiarly. 他很怪异地看着我。
• The streets were peculiarly quiet for the time of day. 白天这个时候街道上异常安静。
adv. 特别；尤其；古怪地；奇怪地
 - especially, strange

Word: Irishman
Front: Irishman
[ˈaiəriʃmən] (14994/9784)
Back: n. 爱尔兰人
分布：爱尔兰人(89%)，爱尔兰人的后裔(11%)
noun countable
■a man who comes from Ireland 爱尔兰男人

Word: debatable
Front: debatable
[dɪˈbeɪtəbl] (托 16978/14144 -1)
Vocabulary: debatable
(once / 6637 pages)
adj
We know the sky is blue and the earth has one moon. But is there life on other planets? Such a question is debatable, meaning it is subject to disagreement or doubt.
If you've ever seen politicians or anyone else have a debate, then you already have a pretty good idea of what debatable means. Something is debatable if there's reason to doubt it. If you say you're going to play in the NBA someday, but you're very short, your plans are debatable. Many issues, like how to create more jobs, are debatable because there isn't one correct answer to them.
WORD FAMILY
debatable: debatably+/ debate: debatable, debated, debater, debates, debating/debater: debaters
USAGE EXAMPLES
So on one level, almost half the voters wanted some kind of change—that is not debatable.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Other parts of the law like partisan affiliations for judges are debatable, but this is no threat to democracy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s debatable how such behavior might impact the locker room, but what about the people outside of it?
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可争辩的; 成问题的; 未定的
分布：成问题的(100%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■not clear, not certain, not fixed; possibly not true 具争议的，不确定的；成问题的
• [+ question word] It 's debatable wh ether a university degree helps at all. 大学学位是否有用是一个具争议的话题。
• The value of some of the experiments is debatable. 有些实验的价值还有待确定。
adj. 成问题的；可争论的；未决定的
 - problem, unsettled

Word: evaluative
Front: evaluative
[ɪ'væljʊətɪv] (17001/22836)
Vocabulary: evaluative
(once / 622069 pages)
adj
To be evaluative is to consider or judge something carefully. Find yourself deeply contemplating whether the new polka dot paint job really brightened up your kitchen? Then you are looking at those dots with an evaluative eye.
At the core of the word evaluative is value. When you judge something, you are determining its value — like the value of a mathematical equation. Though both value and the related verb evaluate have some place in math classes, you will more often encounter evaluative in situations that call for critical thinking and judgment. So you will probably want to rewrite the boring ending before an editor turns her evaluative pen on it!
WORD FAMILY
evaluate: evaluated, evaluates, evaluating, evaluation, evaluative, evaluator, reevaluate +/ evaluation: evaluations, underevaluation/evaluator: evaluators/ reevaluate: reevaluated, reevaluating, reevaluation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Canadian researchers accessed data from the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, a nonprofit medical data repository.
US News(Oct 18, 2016)
Using tools made possible by nanotechnology, scientists and engineers have collaborated to develop new evaluative approaches for engineered nanomaterials in the environment.
Slate(Sep 29, 2016)
In the photos, the boy is looking directly at the camera and his expression is calm and evaluative.
The New Yorker(Sep 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可估价的
分布：可估价的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
评估的;评价的
Something that is evaluative is based on an assessment of the values, qualities, and significance of a particular person or thing.
例：...ten years of evaluative research.10年的评估研究
adj. 可估价的
 - valuable, assessable

Word: uninterested
Front: uninterested
[ʌnˈɪntrəstɪd] (16987/18575)
Vocabulary: uninterested
(once / 8214 pages)
adj
Uninterested describes someone who doesn't pay attention or care. If you're uninterested in touring old homes and shopping for antiques, you might be bored on vacation with your aunt and her friends.
The adjective uninterested is the one you'll use if you really don't care about something. You might be uninterested in the economics textbook chapter you keep trying to read, or uninterested in the celebrity gossip everyone is sharing. Uninterested is like bored. The Latin root word of interest is interresse, or to be of importance. So when something's not important to you, you're uninterested.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
disinterested / uninterested
If you're disinterested, you're unbiased; you're out of the loop. But if you're uninterested, you don't give a hoot; you're bored. These two words have been duking it out, but the battle may be over for uninterested. Heavyweight disinterested has featherweight uninterested on the ropes.
If you want a disinterested, or unbiased opinion, don't ask your ex-boyfriend if you can ask his brother out. He will not be disinterested. Disinterested means impartial, having no bias or profit from something:
There is no convincing evidence for this convoluted advice, disinterested researchers say. (New York Times)
Disinterested service is a virtue ordinary human intelligence cannot grasp. (F.E. Mills)
Uninterested means neutral or indifferent, having no interest in something. Once your former sweetheart has a new girlfriend, he might be bored, or uninterested, enough for you to ask him about his cute brother. Here are some uninterested examples:
The coach had put some thoughts on paper and gave his friend the name of a possible publisher who turned out to be uninterested. (New York Times)
"He was dedicated to the automobile," Mr. Joyce said, and uninterested in mass transit. (New York Times)
If your ex is disinterested enough to give you his brother's number, he's over you and unbiased. If the cute brother is uninterested and doesn't call you back, then he's just not into you. But know this: disinterested appears almost twice as often as uninterested, and a quick scan shows that disinterested is frequently used to mean uninterested.Uninterested is down and will soon be counted out. Just like that date.
WORD FAMILY
uninterested: uninterestedly+/disinterest: disinterests/ disinterested: disinterestedly, disinterestedness/ interest: disinterest, interested, interesting, interests, self-interest/ interested: disinterested, interestedly, interestedness, uninterested / interesting: interestingest, interestingly, interestingness, uninteresting/uninteresting: uninterestingly, uninterestingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Holden discovers his strange abilities during a confrontation with the aforementioned bad guys, but then he is curiously uninterested in exploring them.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
After the election, 10% of partygoers sold and swapped their tickets, declaring themselves uninterested in attending.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Forget about likes or favourites or retweets, you should spend this time passive-aggressively howling at a wall of uninterested strangers.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 不感兴趣的; 不关心的; 淡漠的; （财产方面）无利害关系的
分布：不感兴趣的(100%)
→un-, 不，非，interested, 感兴趣的。
US [-tɚ-] adjective
■not interested 不感兴趣的；冷漠的；不关心的
adj. 不感兴趣的；无利害关系的
 - incurious

Word: reschedule
Front: reschedule
[ˌri:ˈʃedju:l] (托 16954/16370 -1)
Vocabulary: reschedule
(once / 11749 pages)
v
If you reschedule an event, you move it to a different time or place. If you schedule a trip to the water park, but the weather looks stormy, you definitely want to reschedule for a day when there won't be lightning.
The verb reschedule can also refer to rearranging a payment schedule for a loan or other debt, especially to defer a payment. Sometimes your bank will offer you the chance to reschedule a payment — especially around the holidays — but be careful when deciding to make a payment later because the bank may charge you a fee and you may still be charged interest. You will need to reschedule the time of your meeting because some of the members of the committee can't make it on the day you've chosen.
WORD FAMILY
reschedule: rescheduled, reschedules, rescheduling+/ schedule: reschedule, scheduled, scheduler, schedules, scheduling/ scheduled: unscheduled /scheduler: schedulers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gray, 45, said the club asked Halifax to reschedule the game "but with all due respect, they refused".
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
More than 300 flights were delayed or rescheduled and ferries were barred from sailing, stranding thousands of travelers.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The rescheduled game means the teams will play on consecutive nights in Raleigh.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 重新安排; 重新计划
时态：rescheduled, rescheduling, reschedules
分布：重新排定(100%)
→re-,再，重新，schedule,安排。
US [-'skedʒ.u:l] verb transitive
■to agree a new and later date for something to happen 重新安排…的时间；将…改期
• I rescheduled my doctor's appointment for later in the week. 我将看医生的时间改到了本周晚些时候。
■specialized
■to agree that money owed can be paid back at a later date 延后（还款）时间；延期还付
• Banks have rescheduled the debts of many Third-World countries. 多家银行延后了很多第三世界国家偿还债务的日期。
vt. 重新排定日程；重订时间表；重新计划
 - replan

Word: mister

Word: thermos

Word: commander-in-chief
Front: commander-in-chief
[kə'mændə ɪn tʃi:f] (-1)
Back: n. 总司令; 指挥主要武装部队的官员
分布：总司令(100%)
US [-ˌmæn.dɚ-] (abbreviation C-in-C)
noun countable
■a commander in charge of all the armed forces of a country or of all the forces fighting in a particular area or operation （一国的）最高统帅，武装部队总司令；（特定地区或行动的）总司令，总指挥
n. 总司令
 - generalissimo

Word: discerning
Front: discerning
[dɪˈsɜ:nɪŋ] (托宝 16994/14302 -1)
Vocabulary: discerning
(once / 2621 pages)
adj
Discerning people pick up on subtle traits and are good judges of quality — they're the ones who can tell if your cupcakes are homemade from the finest ingredients or totally from a box mix.
Discerning is an adjective that comes from the Old French discerner, meaning to “distinguish (between), separate (by sifting).” Which makes sense, because someone with discerning tastes or a discerning eye is good at distinguishing the good from the bad and sifting out the gems from the junk. If you're an ace at picking out fabulous fabrics, accessories, and shoes when you get dressed each morning, you probably have discerning fashion sense.
WORD FAMILY
discerning: discerningly, undiscerning+/ discern: discernable, discerned, discernible, discerning, discernment, discerns/ discernable: discernability, discernably/ discernible: discernibly, indiscernible / discernment: discernments/ indiscernible: indiscernibly/undiscerning: undiscerningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
After this year of fake news in US politics and elsewhere, I am hopeful that consumers of news will become much more discerning.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In an era of fake news, it pays to be a more discerning news consumer.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Audiences of both genres are discerning, said director David DeCoteau, and must be pulled in by the first two minutes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 有识别力的; 有洞察力的; 眼光敏锐的
v. 看见( discern的现在分词); 识别，辨明; 觉察出
分布：有见识的(100%)
【反】myopic（adj 近视的）
US [-'sɝ:-] formal approving
adjective
■showing good judgment, especially about style and quality 有眼力的，好眼力的，有眼光的
• a discerning customer 有眼光的顾客
adj. 有辨识能力的；眼光敏锐的
 - gimlet-eyed, judgematic

Word: skateboard
Front: skateboard
[ˈskeɪtbɔ:d] (高 16938/26998)
Back: n. 滑板
分布：滑滑板(100%)
→skate,溜冰，board,板。引申比喻义滑板。
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
■a flat narrow board with two small wheels under each end, which a person stands on and moves forward by pushing one foot on the ground 滑板

Word: hermit
Front: hermit
[ˈhɜ:mɪt] (托宝 16933/19878 -1)
Vocabulary: hermit
(once / 686 pages)
n
You hear about hermits more often than you meet one, and that’s because a hermit is someone who likes to be alone, far from people, sometimes because of their religious beliefs or maybe because they simply want some privacy.
Hermits like living solo, alone in the woods, up in a mountain, or sometimes they live in a city without hardly ever leaving their apartment. The root of the word is the Greek erēmos, meaning “solitary.” A life of solitude isn’t for everyone, but a hermit chooses it for any number of reasons. For example, being able to honor their religious beliefs more fully or hating all of humanity are two possible motivations to become a hermit.
WORD FAMILY
hermit: hermitic, hermitical, hermits+/hermitic: hermitically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not so different from her everyday life - Sister Rachel is a hermit.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s thought there are still 200 religious hermits in Britain today.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
“I just pretty much became a hermit in my cabin and never went out.”
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 隐士; 小甜饼
分布：隐士(95%)，遁世者(5%)
→来自希腊语eremites,沙漠居住者，沙漠修行者，来自eremia,沙漠，独居，来自ere,分开，词源同retina,reticulate.由分开引申词义荒废的，遗弃的，沙漠，沙漠苦修者，隐士等。
隐士(herm孤独+it)[-it 1.表名词,通常是抽象名词2.表名词"…的"]
【记】读：何处觅他－找不着他－隐士her进了MIT疯人院就成为hermit了。
US ['hɝ:-] noun countable
■a person who lives alone and apart from the rest of society, especially for religious reasons 隐士；（尤指）隐居修道者
n. （尤指宗教原因的）隐士；隐居者
 - anchorite, eremite

Word: impel
Front: impel
[ɪmˈpel] (托宝 16966/18896)
Vocabulary: impel
(once / 378 pages)
v
Impel means to force to move forward. A person sleep walking might move as if impelled by a force beyond their control. Loneliness might impel you to talk to someone you don't know.
Impel derives from the Latin in- "toward" + pellere "to drive," which also brings us compel "to force" and propel "to drive forward." The boy was propelled by his fears, but when he said fear of bullies impelled him to stay home on Halloween, his mother compelled him to dress and go outside.
WORD FAMILY
impel: impelled, impellent, impeller, impelling, impels, impulsion, impulsive +/impeller: impellers/impelling: impellingly/impulsion: impulsions/ impulsive: impulsively, impulsiveness, impulsiver
USAGE EXAMPLES
Scorsese can’t explain it except to say that he felt impelled by a personal force.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
It is hard not to dwell on the uncertainties of my own future, but disability impels me to focus on my immediate physical environment.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Impel NeuroPharma develops its own drugs and also partners with other pharmaceutical companies.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 推动、推进或敦促某人做某事
时态：impelled, impelling, impels
分布：驱使(50%)，激励(50%)
→im-,进入，使，-pel,推进，促进，词源同compel,pulse.
驱动(im+pel推→推进,驱动)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
推进,驱动(im内+pel→内在推动→驱动)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
【记】im进入，pel推－推动
【参】dispel（vt 驱散；使消散）；compel（vt 强迫；强制）
【反】restrain（vt 抑制；制止）
[ɪm'pel] (-ll-)
verb transitive
■to make someone feel that they must do something 促使，驱使
• [+ to infinitive] She was in such a mess I felt impelled to (= felt I had to) offer your services. 她陷入了这么一个烂摊子，我不得不提出让你去帮帮她。
• I wonder what it is that impels him to exercise all the time. 我不知道是甚么原因驱使他整天都在锻炼身体。
vt. 推动；驱使；激励
 - drive, stimulate, force, power, impulse

Word: test-retest

Word: justly
Front: justly
['dʒʌstlɪ] (托 16988/13796)
Back: adv. 公正地; 正当地; 应得地; 恰当地
分布：公正地(40%)，正当地(30%)，理由充分地(30%)
ADV
有充分根据地；正当地
You use justly to show that you approve of someone's attitude towards something, because it seems to be based on truth or reality.
例：Australians are justly proud of their native wildlife.澳大利亚人有充分的理由为他们的野生动物感到骄傲。
adv. 公正地；正当地；恰当地；正直地
 - properly, happily, right, honestly

Word: condiment
Front: condiment
[ˈkɒndɪmənt] (托宝 16952/38372)
Vocabulary: condiment
(once / 6607 pages)
n
A condiment adds flavor to food. Ketchup and mustard are popular condiments.
Most people use condiments when they eat. There are lots of salad dressings, and they're all condiments. If you put relish on a hot dog, that's a condiment too. Barbecue sauce and blue cheese are condiments as well. If it's an extra thing — especially a sauce like ranch dressing — and it makes food taste better, it's probably a condiment.
WORD FAMILY
condiment: condiments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The soup itself was that rare bowl that requires no doctoring with tabletop condiments.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
More Japanese condiments may earn a permanent in your pantry, such as ponzu, miso, and sesame oil.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The condiment, charged with honey, tamarind, horseradish and vinegar, proves unnecessary but intriguing.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 调味品，佐料
分布：调味品(75%)，佐料(25%)
→con-, 强调。-di, 给予，词源同donate, date. 即放到一起调制而成的，调料。
调味品(cond+I+ment→藏起[坏味道]→调味品)[cond=hide,表示"藏"]
【记】cond隐藏，ment读：闷他－藏到锅里把他（佐料）闷起来（广州煲汤的方法）
【参】abscond（v 潜逃）；recondite（adj 深奥的）
US ['kɑ:n-] formal
noun countable
■a substance, such as salt, that you add to food to improve its taste 调味品
n. [食品] 调味品；佐料
 - seasoning, dressing

Word: rapt
Front: rapt
[ræpt] (宝 16961/20557)
Vocabulary: rapt
(once / 1867 pages)
adj
To be rapt is to be carried away, caught up, or otherwise engrossed in something. If a performer is really good or particularly mesmerizing, the audience will be totally rapt.
Rapt developed from the Latin raptus, meaning to “seize, carry off." So imagine something so interesting that it seizes your attention and carries you off to another world. In fact, rapt is related to the word rapture, which is an experience of extreme, other-worldly happiness. So do your teacher a favor and give her your rapt attention during math class.
WORD FAMILY
rapt: rapter, raptest, raptly
USAGE EXAMPLES
You are, by now, surely, convinced that beets are delightfully festive and deserve your rapt attention.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
There is healing magic in their rapt attention.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The piano’s tone is pristine, the articulation clean, the balance between the hands immaculate, the overall tenor both spirited and rapt.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 全神贯注的，入迷的
分布：全神贯注的(70%)，入迷的(20%)，出神的(10%)
→来自拉丁语 rapere,抓住，抓取，词源同 rob,rip.-t,过去分词格。比喻用法。
着迷的(魂被夺走)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
【记】源于：rape（v /n 强奸），在rape别人的时候要rapt
【参】rapture（n 全神贯注；兴高采烈）
【反】distracted（adj 心烦意乱的）
adjective
■giving complete attention, or showing complete involvement, or (of attention) complete 专心致志的；全神贯注的；全身心投入的
• She sat with a rapt expression reading her book. 她坐在那里神情专注地读书。
• The children watched with rapt attention. 孩子们全神贯注地看着。
Australian informal (also wrapped)
■extremely happy or excited 极高兴的；极兴奋的
adj. 全神贯注的；入迷的
 - concentrated, preoccupied

Word: anathema
Front: anathema
[əˈnæθəmə] (宝 16986/14587 -1)
Vocabulary: anathema
(once / 2495 pages)
n
Something that one absolutely and positively cannot stand is anathema. Garlic is anathema to vampires (ditto for stakes and daylight). So is kryptonite to Superman or a silver bullet to a werewolf.
Originally the term anathema comes from the Catholic practice of denouncing a particular individual or idea that was antithetical to the Catholic Church. If done to a person, it excommunicated them, meaning they could no longer partake in the church's sacraments (with presumably pretty poor consequences for the soul.) That's a lot worse than kryptonite.
WORD FAMILY
anathema: anathemas, anathematise, anathematize, anathemise, anathemize+/anathematise: anathematisation, anathematised, anathematises, anathematising, anathematization/anathematization: anathematizations/ anathematize: anathematized, anathematizes, anathematizing/anathemize: anathemized, anathemizes
USAGE EXAMPLES
It used to be anathema for utilities to encourage customers to disconnect from the power grid.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Such an approach is anathema to most hedge funds, which rely on annual performance fees to compensate their highly paid — some would say overpaid — staffs.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
That college is seen as a training ground for a job is perceived by professors as anathema to their mission of broadly educating students.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 可憎的事物; 可恶的想法; 十分讨厌的人
分布：咒逐(40%)，革出教门(40%)，令人极其讨厌的事(20%)
→希腊前缀ana-这里表up，与on同源，词根the-表to put，后缀-ma表行为对象和结果。anathema本指将掠夺来的敌人的物品置于寺庙（或祭坛）之上来诅咒敌人厄运。历史上最出名的anathema是1054年导致基督教大分裂的东、西罗马帝国教会的相互开除教籍。
【记】1）原指：逐出教门（正式的宗教禁令、诅咒或逐出教门）2）ana错，them他们，a啊－他们错了啊－所以要诅咒他们3）ana反对，the神，ma妈：反对神的妈妈就会受到－诅咒
【反】panegyric（n 颂词）；blessing（n 祝福）
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■something which is strongly disliked or disapproved of 令人讨厌的事物
• Credit controls are anathema to the government. 信贷控制令政府极为反感。
• For older employees, the new system is an anathema. 对于年纪较大的职员来说，新制度就是眼中钉，肉中刺。
n. 诅咒；革出教门；被诅咒者；令人厌恶的人
 - curse, malison

Word: quid
Front: quid
[kwɪd] (16983/4441 -1)
Back: n. 一英镑，一磅金币; （咀嚼用的）一块，咀嚼物; 抵偿物，交换物
分布：供咀嚼的烟草块(100%)
→俚语，来自quid, pro quo,一物换一物。
[kwɪd] (plural quid) UK informal
noun countable
■a pound; £1 一英镑
• Could you lend me twenty quid (= £20) , mate? 老兄，能不能借我20英镑？
[kwɪd] (plural quid) UK informal
noun countable
be quids in
■to be making a profit 发财，赚大钱
• If this deal goes ahead, we'll be quids in. 如果这笔买卖成功了，我们会发大财。
n. 咀嚼物；一英镑；一镑金币
 - masticator, chew

Word: disaffected
Front: disaffected
[ˌdɪsəˈfektɪd] (16982/18610 -1)
Vocabulary: disaffected
(once / 3766 pages)
adj
The adjective disaffected describes someone who is dissatisfied or rebellious. Usually if you're disaffected, you're upset with people in authority. You and your fellow disaffected workers might become so upset about the lack of raises that you decided to boycott work.
You might have heard the term "disaffected youth," which refers to young people rebelling against some aspect of society. For example, disaffected youth might fight against their lack of political freedom. Disaffected can also be used to describe things rather than people, like the disaffected lyrics in a song or the disaffected mood of a poem describing an unhappy or bitter state of mind. The word disaffected comes from disaffect, meaning "estranged, hostile."
WORD FAMILY
disaffect: disaffected, disaffecting, disaffection, disaffects+/ affect: affectation, affected, affecting, affectional, affective, affects, disaffect/ affectation: affectations/ affected: affectedest, affectedly, affectedness, ill-affected, unaffected / affecting: affectingly, unaffecting/affectional: affectionally/ affective: affectively/disaffection: disaffections/ unaffected: unaffectedly, unaffectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
It would be likely to gather less support from disaffected Labour voters and left-wing critics of the EU.
BBC(Jun 27, 2016)
But a successful movement must drive a sharp wedge between Trump and many of the disaffected Americans he drew to his campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
“Decline” is one of a handful of movies on this year’s registry that touch on the themes of teen angst and/or disaffected youth.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不满的; 愤愤不平的
v. 使不满(disaffect的过去分词)
分布：不满的(80%)，不忠的(15%)，动词disaffect的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。affect, 感情，情感。即不好的感情，不满的。
不满的;背离的(disaffect+ed)[fac,fact,fect,fic,fig=make,do,表示"做,制作"]
【参】disaffection（n 政治不满）
【反】contented（adj 满足的）；beloved（adj 心爱的）
adjective
■no longer supporting or being satisfied with an organization or idea 失望的，不满的
• The party needs to take steps to attract disaffected voters. 该党需要采取措施吸引那些失望的选民。
■describes young people who are no longer satisfied with society's values （青年人）叛逆的，对社会不满的
• The teacher said that he found it difficult to cope with a class of disaffected teenagers. 老师说他觉得与一班叛逆的少年打交道很不容易。
• disaffected youth 叛逆青年
adj. 不满的；有叛意的；愤愤不平的
 - disgruntled, malcontented
v. 使疏远；使不友爱（disaffect的过去分词）
 - estranged

Word: everlasting
Front: everlasting
[ˌevəˈlɑ:stɪŋ] (六托雅宝 16997/14550)
Vocabulary: everlasting
(once / 441 pages)
1adj 2n
Something that's everlasting is eternal; it lasts forever, or seems like it does. Many anti-war activists dream of everlasting peace.
The adjective everlasting can literally mean exactly what it sounds like, but it's frequently used colloquially to exaggerate. You might compliment your friend's speech by saying, "You have my everlasting respect," or describe a lovely day by saying, "It's been like an everlasting dream." In a religious context, the word is used quite literally: "God promises everlasting life."
WORD FAMILY
everlasting: everlastingly, everlastingness, everlastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Abe offered his “sincere and everlasting condolences” for the attack and vowed that Japan “must never repeat the horrors of war again”.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
He offered his “sincere and everlasting condolences to the souls of those who lost their lives here.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Business Insider: Top GOP senators: Aleppo ‘will be a testament to our moral failure and everlasting shame’
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 永久的，永恒的，接连不断; 不断的，冗长的，使人厌烦的; [植]干后花的形状颜色不变的
n. 永久，无穷; 〈英〉牢固耐久的毛呢; [植]蜡菊，蝶须，鼠曲草
分布：永恒(55%)，永恒的(37%)，持久的(6%)，无止境的(1%)，永久盛开的花(1%)
→ever，永远。last,持续。
US [-ɚ'læs.tɪŋ] adjective
■lasting forever or for a long time 永久的；永恒的
• I wish someone would invent an everlasting light bulb. 我希望能有人发明一种永远不会烧坏的灯泡。
• Their contributions to science have earned them an everlasting place in history. 他们对科学的贡献使他们在历史上的地位永垂不朽。
permanent, eternal, perpetual, everlasting, endless
这些形容词均有“持久的，永久的”之意。
permanent: 指总是处于相同的情况和地位，可长期持续下去，永久不变。
eternal: 语体较庄重，侧重指永远存在，无始无终。
perpetual: 语气最强，指保持永久不变，没有中断的行为，永无止境地持续下去。有时用于贬义，指令人厌烦之事。
everlasting: 语气较庄重，有时可与eternal换用，侧重持续不尽，或指开始后一直进行下去。
endless: 系日常用词，指无尽无休。
adj. 永恒的；接连不断的
 - eternal, permanent, lasting, timeless

Word: blinking
Front: blinking
[ˈblɪŋkɪŋ] (16930/24572)
Back: adj. 闪光的，一眨眼的
v. 眨眼睛( blink的现在分词 ); 闪亮，闪烁
分布：闪烁的(65%)，十足的(18%)，讨厌的(13%)，动词blink的现在分词(4%)
→来自blooding的变体。因为blood属于禁忌词，比较忌讳。
UK old-fashioned informal
adjective [before noun]
■an expression of anger 该死，讨厌，可恶的
• I wish they'd turn down that blinking music! 我真希望他们把那讨厌的音乐关小点儿！
adj. 眨眼的；闪光的；可恶的；十足的；一眨眼的
 - very, shot
v. 眨眼睛；闪闪发光；对…视而不见（blink的ing形式）
 - glittering
adv. 非常；十足
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
n. 闪烁；瞬目
 - scintillation, lambency

Word: close-knit
Front: close-knit
[ˌkləʊs ˈnɪt] None
Vocabulary: close-knit
(once / 22995 pages)
adj
Close-knit things are intimate, like a close-knit community where everyone knows each other's names and people look out for each other. Awww.
The adjective close-knit is perfect for describing a group of people who are socially close. A close-knit neighborhood is very different from one in which people keep to themselves and don't really know each other or have much in common with their neighbors. And a close-knit family is familiar and united in their love for each other. A good way to remember this word is to think of a tightly (or closely) knitted sweater with no gaps or holes; the people of a close-knit community stick together in the same way, leaving no opportunities for someone to "fall through the cracks."
WORD FAMILY
close-knit
USAGE EXAMPLES
He says Appalachian families like his are very close-knit.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But the Oakland fire ripped through a close-knit community of artists ensconced in an underground music scene and committed to staying in the area.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
“We’re a very close-knit family here, and I believe they deserve to know what’s going on and what the truth really is,” he said.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 紧密的，组织严密的
分布：紧密的(50%)，组织严密的(50%)
US [ˌkloʊs-] adjective
■describes a group of people in which everyone helps and supports each other 关系紧密的；紧密团结的；组织严密的
• a close-knit family/community 融洽的一家人／组织严密的社区
adj. 紧密的；严谨的；紧密结合着的
 - religious, compact

Word: firewall
Front: firewall
[ˈfaɪəwɔ:l] (17087/-)
Back: n. 防火墙
vt. 用作防火墙
分布：隔火墙(67%)，防火壁(33%)
noun countable specialized
■a device or program that stops people getting access to a computer without permission while it is connected to the Internet （电脑的）防火墙
n. 防火墙
 - NetScreen

Word: coy
Front: coy
[kɔɪ] (宝 17006/14145 -1)
Vocabulary: coy
(once / 2112 pages)
adj
Take the adjective coy for a person who pretends to be shy but really isn't, or someone who could give a definite answer but won't. Coy behavior can be playful or just plain annoying.
Originally meaning "quiet and shy," today someone who is coy pretends to be shy in a playful manner — often as a form of flirting. If a politician is coy about something, he or she only gives vague statements on an issue for fear of committing to a position or angering his or her constituency. Common to both of these senses is the fact that a person uses coyness to subtly manipulate his or her audience.
WORD FAMILY
coy: coily, coyer, coyest, coyly, coyness+/coyness: coynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of them struck me as coy and wide-eyed.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Intelligence agencies are coy about exact figures, but an average operation on just one person might require anything from 25 to 40 people.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
“One of the things that really strikes me about American art is that it’s often overwhelmed with this coy, joking, ironic tone,” Leigh says.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 腼腆的; 忸怩作态的; 献媚的
分布：腼腆的(55%)，怕羞的(28%)，羞怯的(17%)
→词源同quiet, 安静的。
【记】co全部，y国人：周围全部是外国人，唉！口语太差，只好故作忸怩了，没准儿那个老外慧眼识珍珠，就不用考试了。男生就没有那么好运了。悲哀！！！看上去比较弱智的boy就会coy！
adjective
SECRET 神秘的
■intentionally keeping something secret 故作神秘的；遮遮掩掩的；含糊其词的
• She's very coy about her age. 她对自己的年龄遮遮掩掩。
[kɔɪ] adjective
MODEST 谦虚的
■(especially of women) being or pretending to be shy, modest or childish , or to have no confidence （尤指女性）害羞的，腼腆的，忸怩作态的
• She gave me a coy look from under her schoolgirl's fringe. 她透过她那学生式的浏海羞答答地瞥了我一眼。
adj. 腼腆的；忸怩作态的；怕羞的
 - bashful, cutesy
vt. 爱抚
 - daut, dawt

Word: chisel
Front: chisel
[ˈtʃɪzl] (托雅宝 16996/15521 -1)
Vocabulary: chisel
(once / 1297 pages)
1nv 2v
When you carve a statue from a block of marble, you use a tool called a chisel to cut out the shape. Chisel is the name of the tool and also the name of the action.
A chisel has a flat, sharp end. To carve using a chisel, you hit the back of it with a hammer or another blunt instrument. Chisel can also mean "to cheat." If someone chisels you out of your allowance, they shaved it away from you bit by bit.
WORD FAMILY
chisel: chisel-like, chiseled, chiseler, chiseling, chiselled, chiselling, chisels+/chiseler: chiselers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sports dark stubble that blurs the chiselled jaw that matches his sportman’s physique.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A few weeks later, his office called back, disclosing that the agency would chisel a star onto its marble Memorial Wall in his honor.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
When he first toured Sanmen in 2013, Mr. Benjamin recalls being shocked to see construction workers chiseling up newly poured concrete.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 凿子，錾子; <俚>诈骗
vt. & vi. 凿，雕; 錾，镌; 欺骗; 钻进
时态：chiselled, chiselling, chisels
分布：凿(48%)，凿子(28%)，雕(15%)，欺骗(9%)
→来自词根cid, 砍，劈，词源同decide, excise.
凿子(chis挖+el)[-el表名词"人或物"]
【记】chi吃，se涩：用凿子凿下来的碎末，吃起来比较涩。
noun countable
■a tool with a long metal blade that has a sharp edge for cutting wood, stone, etc. 凿子；錾子
['tʃɪz.əl] verb transitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to use a chisel （用凿子）凿，雕，刻
• She chiselled a figure out of the marble. 她用大理石雕刻出一个人像。
vt. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - chip, sell, character
vi. 雕，刻； [木] 凿；欺骗
 - kid, pull a fast one
n. [木] 凿子
 - firmer

Word: crosswise
Front: crosswise
[ˈkrɒswaɪz] (17021/-)
Back: adj. & adv. 交叉的（地）
分布：交叉地(40%)，成十字状地(23%)，斜地(23%)，横跨的(7%)，交叉的(7%)
交叉地(cross交叉)[-wise表副词"方向,状态"注:有些单词,wise可以换成ways,意义不变,如:]
US ['krɑ:s-] adverb adjective
■crossing something, especially at an angle of 90° （尤指成90度角）成十字形的（地），交叉的（地），斜穿的（地）
adv. 横向；交叉地；斜地；成十字状地
 - arrisways, cornerways

Word: surreptitiously
Front: surreptitiously
[ˌsʌrəp'tɪʃəslɪ] (16999/18720)
Vocabulary: surreptitiously
(once / 4417 pages)
adv
When you're doing things secret and sneakily, you're doing them surreptitiously.
This is an adverb that applies to actions that you're trying to do covertly: you don't want anyone to know about them, so you have to be sneaky. Burglars approach a house surreptitiously. If you plan a surprise party for your mother, you have to go about it surreptitiously or she'll find out and the surprise will be ruined. Anything you don't reveal fully or do on the sly is an example of going about it surreptitiously.
WORD FAMILY
surreptitious: surreptitiously
USAGE EXAMPLES
Surreptitiously, I wiped at my tears, hoping that no one would notice.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Union Berlin’s stadium caroling tradition started in 2003, when a group of fans surreptitiously entered the stadium to sing and drink on the grounds.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
However, Americans do resent the surreptitiously wealthy, characterized by exclusivity and invisibility.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 偷偷摸摸地，暗中进行地; 秘密地
分布：偷偷摸摸地(50%)，暗中地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
秘密的;鬼鬼祟祟的;偷偷摸摸的
A surreptitious action is done secretly.
例：He made a surreptitious entrance to the club through the little door in the brick wall...他从砖墙的小门偷偷进入俱乐部。
例：They had several surreptitious conversations.他们有过几次秘密会谈。
adv. 偷偷地；秘密地；不正当地
 - quietly, underground, wrong, privately, secretly

Word: axiom
Front: axiom
[ˈæksiəm] (宝 16970/16834)
Vocabulary: axiom
(once / 1886 pages)
1n 2n
An axiom is a statement that everyone believes is true, such as "supply equals demand" or "the only constant is change." Mathematicians use axiom to refer to established proofs.
Many axioms are so widely used they become clichés—here's one to help you remember what the word means. Axioms are so widely accepted they're seen almost as facts. A police officer interrogating a witness might just as easily say, "Stick to the axioms," as "Stick to the facts, ma'am."
WORD FAMILY
axiom: axiomatic, axiomatical, axioms+/ axiomatic: axiomatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It reveals, amid Muldoon’s kaleidoscopic variations, the axiom underlying all his poetry: that no categories are truly stable, that everything inhabits a fuzzy in-betweenness.
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Never forget this powerful axiom: Patrick Ewing is never not horny.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
Anyone familiar with the axioms of mountaineering knows this is an essential rule of self-preservation.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 公理; 自明之理; 原理; 格言
分布：公理(79%)，格言(15%)，自明之理(6%)
→来自词根ag, 做。从实践中总结出来的理论。
公理,真理[axi=worthy(有价值)]
【记】和maxim（n 格言，座右铭）一起记
noun countable formal
■a statement or principle which is generally accepted to be true, but need not be so （被普遍接受的）公理，原则
• It is a widely held axiom that governments should not negotiate with terrorists. 政府不应与恐怖分子谈判，这是一个普遍认可的原则。
■specialized
■a formal statement or principle in mathematics, science, etc., from which other statements can be obtained （数学、自然科学等的）公理
• Euclid's axioms form the foundation of his system of geometry. 欧几里得公理构成了其几何体系的基础。
n. [数] 公理；格言；自明之理
 - motto, maxim

Word: rile
Front: rile
[raɪl] (宝 17012/22155)
Vocabulary: rile
(once / 5146 pages)
v
To rile someone is to annoy or bother them. For example, a friend might rile you by constantly texting when you're trying to have a conversation with her. You can also rile water, meaning you make it muddy by stirring it up.
The verb rile is derived from roil, and they basically mean the same thing. However, rile is more commonly used to mean "annoy" and roil mostly describes stirred liquid. If you rile up your sister, what you say makes gets her worked up, ready to argue with you. When a kid splashes around in the tub, the water is roiled — but if it gets all over the floor, his parents will be riled.
WORD FAMILY
rile: riled, riles, riling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Starr acknowledged that his actions often riled other administrators who thought that he occasionally coddled student athletes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
The energy was amplified, but the point was not just to rile and rouse; it was to financially contribute.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
His demeanor will be tested against the Steelers, who will try to get him riled.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 惹恼，激怒
时态：riled, riling, riles
分布：激怒(100%)
【记】ri日，le乐：军训的时候太阳还乐－激怒（你）
【反】appease（v 平息；使满足）；conciliate（v 安慰）；placate（v 安抚）；make calm（使平静）
[raɪl] informal
verb transitive
■to make angry 激怒；使恼火
• Don't let her rile you. 不要让她激怒了你。
vt. 激怒；搅浑；惹怒
 - anger, rub the wrong way

Word: implausible
Front: implausible
[ɪmˈplɔ:zəbl] (宝 17010/15132)
Vocabulary: implausible
(once / 14004 pages)
adj
Something that's implausible is farfetched or unlikely. If it's 3pm and you still have to study for three exams and write an essay before midnight, it’s implausible that you’ll also have time to watch a movie.
The adjective implausible breaks down into im, meaning “not,” and "plausible," meaning likely. So it simply means "not likely." Implausible ideas or stories usually get high marks for creativity, but they're just too crazy to be believable. But as philosopher Rene Descartes noted, “One cannot conceive anything so strange and so implausible that it has not already been said by one philosopher or another.”
WORD FAMILY
implausible: implausibility, implausibleness, implausibly+/implausibility: implausibilities/ plausibility: plausibilities/ plausible: implausible, plausibility, plausibleness, plausibler, plausiblest, plausibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seems implausible that she will refashion herself as a hawk a la Clinton.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Graves makes a reasonable case that the three million figure is so high as to be implausible on its face.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Some of these are more implausible than others.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 难以置信的，似乎不合情理的，不太可能的
分布：不像真实的(44%)，似乎不合情理的(28%)，难信的(28%)
→im-,不，非，plausible,看起来有道理的。
【记】plausible（adj 似是而非的）
【反】believable（adj 可信的；令人相信的）；verisimilar（adj 好象真实的）
US [-'plɑ:.zə-] adjective
■difficult to believe, or unlikely 难以置信的；不可能的
• The whole plot of the film is ridiculously implausible. 影片的整个情节荒谬得令人难以置信。
adj. 难以置信的，不像真实的
 - incredible, unbelievable, fabulous

Word: sensuality
Front: sensuality
[ˌsenʃʊ'ælətɪ] (17015/15492)
Back: n. 耽于声色，好色，淫荡
分布：淫荡(57%)，纵欲(31%)，喜欢感官享受(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
喜欢感官享受的;耽于肉欲的
Someone or something that is sensual shows or suggests a great liking for physical pleasures, especially sexual pleasures.
例：He was a very sensual person...他是个登徒子。
例：Clothing doesn't need to be overt to be sensual.衣着没有必要过于性感。
ADJ-GRADED
肉欲的;愉悦感官的
Something that is sensual gives pleasure to your physical senses rather than to your mind.
例：It was an opera, very glamorous and very sensual.这场歌剧美轮美奂，声色俱佳,给感官以极大享受。
例：...sensual dance rhythms.给人以快感的舞蹈节奏
n. 好色；淫荡；喜爱感官享受
 - lechery, lasciviousness

Word: red-hot
Front: red-hot
[ˈredˈhɔt] (-1)
Back: adj. 赤热的; 激烈的，恼怒的; 近期的，新的
n. 热狗，红肠面包; 法兰克福香肠
分布：炽热的(84%)，近期的(16%)
US [-'hɑ:t] adjective
■extremely hot 赤热的；炽热的；热得发红的
■extreme; extremely new, exciting, etc 极其的，非常的；最新的；令人十分激动的
• red-hot news, straight from the war zone 直接来自战区的最新消息
adj. 炽热的；最新的；热烈的；非常激动的
 - latest, last
n. 热狗；法兰克福香肠
 - hot-dog, weiner

Word: tout
Front: tout
[taʊt] (宝 6885/15898 -1)
Vocabulary: tout
(once / 1089 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
To tout means to praise, boast, or brag about. If you like to tout your skill as a skier, you tell people you can go down expert-level hills.
Sometimes parents will get into bragging wars about their children, each touting the accomplishments of his or her child. Sometimes the word means more of "to claim." The company touted the lotion as a solution to wrinkles. Broccoli has been touted as the cancer-fighting vegetable. In England, a tout is a person who gives advice about gambling. If you're looking to play some money on the ponies, go see the tout who hangs out at Jackie’s bar for a tip.
WORD FAMILY
tout: touted, touter, touting, touts+/touter: touters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Conservatives openly touted that bill as a “dress rehearsal” for the future.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Great vintage advertisement: The Union Pacific railroad touts its access to “America’s vital potato markets.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The statistics Trump touts fit well into his view of a world divided into who’s up and who’s down, winners and losers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 兜售; 招徕; 刺探赛马情报
n. 侦查者; 招揽员
时态：touted, touting, touts
分布：兜售(57%)，吹捧(31%)，高价卖(4%)，贩子(4%)，刺探(4%)
→原为窃贼行话，来自中古英语 tuten,偷窥，偷看，放风。现词义可能改写自 toot,发出嘟嘟声， 鸣喇叭，引申词义大吹法螺，后用于指吹嘘，兜售，倒卖门票等。
【记】读：套他，用套子把行人套进商店－以一种厚颜无耻的方法招徕顾客，然后吹捧自己的产品。
【反】cast aspersions on（诽谤）；denounce（v 公开谴责）
verb
MAKE KNOWN 使为人所知
transitive
■to advertise, make known or praise something or someone repeatedly, especially as a way of encouraging their sale, popularity or development （尤指为了提高销售额、知名度或推动发展）给…做广告，宣传，赞扬，吹捧
• As an education minister, she has been touting these ideas for some time. 作为教育部长，一段时间以来她一直在宣传这些理念。
• He is being widely touted as the next leader of the Social Democratic party. 到处都在宣传他是下任社会民主党领袖。
• Several insurance companies are now touting their services/wares on local radio. 几家保险公司正在当地电台进行宣传。
intransitive
■to repeatedly try to persuade people to buy your goods or services 兜售；招徕
• There were hundreds of taxis at the airport, all touting for business/custom. 机场有数百辆出租车，都在拉生意／招徕乘客。
[taʊt] verb
SELL UNOFFICIALLY 非正式售卖
transitive UK (US scalp) disapproving
■to sell tickets for something such as a sports game or theatre performance unofficially, usually at a much higher price than the official price （通常以高出官方价格很多的价格）倒卖，高价出售（体育比赛票、戏票等）
• £30 seats for the match were being touted for £500. 30英镑的比赛门票被票贩子高价卖到500英镑。
[taʊt] noun countable UK (US scalper) disapproving
■a person who touts tickets 票贩子，黄牛
• Britain's best-known ticket tout once boasted that he could get you tickets for anything. 英国最有名的票贩子曾经夸海口说他甚么票都能弄到。
vt. 兜售；招徕；刺探赛马情报
 - drum up, hawk
vi. 兜售； [贸易] 招徕顾客；拉选票
 - seek a vote

Word: stilt
Front: stilt
[stɪlt] (托 17133/20868)
Vocabulary: stilt
(once / 6077 pages)
1n 2n
Stilts are walking devices that make the person wearing them much taller than usual. When you use stilts, you stand on foot rests and walk along far above the ground.
Stilts are special poles, either for walking tall or for supporting a structure that might otherwise be damaged by water. You can sometimes see people walking on stilts at a circus or parade, and you can see houses on stilts in some beachfront communities. Walking stilts are sometimes also used by workers, including the stilts worn by window washers and fruit farmers.
WORD FAMILY
stilt: stilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amenities include a stroller valet, moon bounces, face painters, roaming stilt walkers and magicians, crafting stations and much more.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Three thousand years ago, a cluster of roundhouses built on stilts over the river were destroyed by fire.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He crossed blindfolded, he crossed on stilts and he crossed with his manager on his back.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. （支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）桩子，支柱; 高跷
分布：高跷(54%)，支柱(36%)，桩子(10%)
→可能来自中古荷兰语 stelte,高跷，来自 Proto-Germanic*steltijon,柱子，来自 stel,放置， 站立，词源同 stall,still.
noun countable usually plural
■one of a set of long pieces of wood or metal used to support a building so that it is above the ground or above water （支撑建筑物高出地面或水面的）柱子，支材
• The houses are built on stilts to protect them from the annual floods. 房子建在支柱上，以免遭受一年一度的洪水侵袭。
■one of two long pieces of wood with supports for the feet which allow you to stand and walk high above the ground 高跷
• to walk on stilts 踩高跷
n. 高跷；支柱， [建] 支撑物
 - leg, support, backbone, stay

Word: whereupon
Front: whereupon
[ˌweərəˈpɒn] (17007/11840 -1)
Back: adv. 于是; 因此
conj. 于是
分布：因此(49%)，于是(47%)，在…上面(4%)
US [ˌwer.ə'pɑ:n] conjunction
■immediately after which 不久之后；马上；于是
• I told her she looked fat, whereupon she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears. 我告诉她她看上去很胖，她马上把一整锅饭菜都朝我摔过来，然后放声大哭。
adv. 因此
 - therefore, hence, accordingly, consequently, thus

Word: absolve
Front: absolve
[əbˈzɒlv] (托宝 17031/14557)
Vocabulary: absolve
(once / 1201 pages)
v
To be absolved is to be let off the hook, to be set free from a certain obligation or to be forgiven for a wrongdoing. The Church may absolve you of your sins, but that won't absolve you of the need to attend mass.
The Latin absolvere, which means "to set free," is the root of the word absolve. In the religious sense, to be absolved means to be truly forgiven in the eyes of the Lord, which must feel like being set free. In a more mundane everyday usage, absolve can be used to describe being let off the hook. For instance, putting a campaign poster in your window does not absolve you of the responsibility to vote.
WORD FAMILY
absolve: absolution, absolved, absolver, absolves, absolving+/ absolution: absolutions/absolver: absolvers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The settlement absolves Hood and the sheriff's office from further responsibility.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
China criticized Mr. Abe’s visit as an insincere attempt to absolve Japan of its wartime aggression.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
IS “atrocities do not absolve Iraqi forces and the international coalition from doing their utmost to protect civilians.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 宣告…无罪，赦免…的罪行，宽恕…的罪行; 不受责难，免除责任 [义务] ,开脱（罪责）
时态：absolved, absolving, absolves
分布：赦免(89%)，宣告...无罪(11%)
→前缀ab-,离开，松开，此处用于强调义。solve,溶解，解开，解决。此处用于法律用语，无罪释放。
免罪(ab+solve→松开→免罪)[Solv,solu,solut=loosen,表示"松开"]
【记】ab远离，solve解决－远离解决－免除
【区】absolution（n 赦免，免罪）；dissolution（n 溶解，分解）solvent（adj 有溶解力的，有还债能力的）；resolution（n 坚决）；solve（vt 解决）
【反】inculpate（vt 控告）；indict（vt 起诉；控告）
US [-'zɑ:lv] formal
verb transitive
■(especially in religion or law) to free someone from guilt , blame or responsibility for something （尤指宗教或法律上）为（某人）解罪，赦免（某人）的罪，宣告（某人）无罪，免除（某人）的责任
• The report absolved her from/of all blame for the accident. 那份报告免除了她对那次事故的全部责任。
• The priest absolved him (of all his sins). 神父赦免了他（所有的罪过）。
vt. 免除；赦免； [法] 宣告…无罪
 - discharge, forgive

Word: pompous
Front: pompous
[ˈpɒmpəs] (雅宝 17023/11603 -1)
Vocabulary: pompous
(once / 1218 pages)
adj
A pompous person is arrogant or conceited. He'll walk into a party with an inflated ego, ready to tell anyone who will listen that "I'm kind of a big deal."
Today we associate the adjective pompous with self-important jerks. But it's actually derived from the Old French pompeux, which meant “stately." And that's why you can also use pompous to describe something with a lot of ceremonial or stately display — in other words, something surrounded by "pomp and circumstance."
WORD FAMILY
pompous: pomposity, pompously, pompousness, unpompous+/ pomp: pompous, pomps/ pomposity: pomposities
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s pompous and charming and hedonistic and empathetic all at once - but glaringly disconnected from the people he writes about and for.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Hollywood teems with pompous self-appointed kings ruling their fiefs as they see fit.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
This may sound pompous, but it happens to be the truth.
The Guardian(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 浮华的，华而不实的; 高傲的，自大的
分布：自大的(62%)，傲慢的(21%)，浮华的(17%)
→来自pomp,炫耀，捧场。比喻用法。
【记】pomp（n 壮丽；夸耀）象声词，源于：壮丽的队伍行进时的礼炮声。
US ['pɑ:m-] disapproving
adjective
■too serious and full of importance 妄自尊大的，自以为是的
• He's a pompous old prig who's totally incapable of taking a joke. 他是个傲慢自负、一本正经的老头，根本开不起玩笑。
• He can sometimes sound a bit pompous when he talks about acting. 他谈起表演来有时会显得有点自负。
adj. 自大的；浮夸的；华而不实的；爱炫耀的
 - arrogant, purple

Word: chromium
Front: chromium
[ˈkrəʊmiəm] (17129/22644 -1)
Back: n. [化学] 铬
分布：铬(100%)
US ['kroʊ-] noun uncountable
■a hard blue-grey element used in combination with other substances to form a shiny covering on objects 铬

Word: yearly
Front: yearly
[ˈjɪəli] (研四六 8913/11140 -1)
Back: adj. 每年的，一年一度的; 一年间的
adv. 每年，一年一度; 在那一年间
n. 年利; 年鉴
分布：每年的(92%)，一年一次地(4%)，每年地(4%)
a.每年的,一年一度的ad.每年,一年一次地We pay a yearly visit to my uncle.我们每年都要看望我的叔叔.
US ['jɪr-] adjective adverb
■every year or once every year 每年（的）；一年一次（的）
• We get a yearly pay increase. 我们每年加薪一次。
• Interest is paid yearly. 利息按年支付。
adj. 每年的
 - annual, etesian
adv. 每年；一年一次
 - annually
n. 年刊；年鉴
 - annual, year book

Word: prohibited
Front: prohibited
[prə'hɪbɪtɪd] (16993/16333)
Vocabulary: prohibited
(once / 447 pages)
adj
When something is prohibited, it's not allowed. If you see the sign "Swimming is prohibited," stay out of the water.
Whether used as a verb ("You prohibited your friend from entering") or an adjective ("The prohibited word escaped your lips"), prohibited means something was forbidden — a no-no. You often see it in signs like "Smoking prohibited." It's a strong word, indicating that something is banned and suggesting dire consequences if the ban is not obeyed. On the other hand, when something is prohibited it might seem more appealing.
WORD FAMILY
prohibit: prohibited, prohibiting, prohibition, prohibitive, prohibits+/ prohibition: prohibitionist, prohibitions/prohibitionist: prohibitionists/ prohibitive: prohibitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The manual adds, “Cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment is prohibited.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Detroit police spokesman Dan Donakowski says tenants of the home told officers they never entered the garage because the landlord prohibited it.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
There were ten restaurants and a pool with a waterfall, but Harriott prohibited his team from enjoying any of it.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: v. 禁止，阻止( prohibit的过去式和过去分词 ); 不许
分布：被禁止的(92%)，动词prohibit的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
VERB
（法律或掌权者）禁止，不允许
If a law or someone in authority prohibits something, they forbid it or make it illegal.
例：...a law that prohibits tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines...禁止在报刊杂志上刊登香烟广告的法律
例：Fishing is prohibited...禁止钓鱼。
v. 禁止，被禁止的（prohibite的过去分词形式）
 - disbarred

Word: drive-by
Front: drive-by
[ˈdraɪvˌbaɪ] None
Back: adj. （谋杀事件）从行使的汽车上射击作案的
分布：飞车而过的(67%)，从行驶的汽车上的射击(33%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes something that someone does as they drive past in a vehicle 形容（某人）开车同时在车内做（某事）
• a drive-by shooting 驾车开枪杀人

Word: stew
Front: stew
[stju:] (六托 7118/10172 -1)
Vocabulary: stew
(once / 719 pages)
vn
To stew is to slowly cook food, which results in a soup-like food called a stew. To stew also means to brood angrily.
If you cook something slowly, like beef or vegetables, you stew it. The result of stewing is also called stew, which is usually chunky, like a thick soup. People can stew in another way when it comes to emotions. If your sister sits and worries about something, she stews. The root of stew is the Old French estuver, "bathe or stew." Back in the fourteenth century, stew was also a slang word meaning "brothel or bath house."
WORD FAMILY
stew: stewed, stewing, stews+/stewing: stewings
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are read by a prison censor, so Mr. Akay writes as blandly as the prison stew.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
No stewing by the Golden State Warriors upon learning the NBA acknowledged two missed calls late in the team’s one-point Christmas Day loss at Cleveland.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Climate science is rooted in physics and chemistry—weather is energy, and the atmosphere is a stew of molecular interactions.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 炖，煨; 闷热; 担忧
n. 炖煮的菜肴; 烦恼，焦虑
时态：stewed, stewing, stews
分布：炖汤(37%)，焖(25%)，烦恼(19%)，忧虑(19%)
→来自古法语 estuver,洗热水澡，泡澡，来自 estuve,蒸汽浴室，来自 Proto-Germanic*stubo,加热 的房间，起居室，词源同 stove.后由泡澡引申词义炖，煨。
【记】发音同steal（v 偷）：小偷steal stew。读：死丢－丢进去就会死，因为是小火炖。
US [stu:] noun countable or uncountable
■a type of food consisting usually of meat or fish and vegetables cooked slowly in a small amount of liquid （通常由肉或鱼加蔬菜制成的）炖菜，焖菜
• lamb/bean/fish stew 炖羊肉／豆子／鱼
• She prepared a hearty stew for dinner. 她为晚餐准备了一道丰盛的炖菜。
UK [stju:] US [stu:] noun countable or uncountable
in a stew informal
■If someone is in a stew, they are in a difficult situation which causes them to feel worried or upset 坐立不安；心烦意乱
• William is in a stew about/over the demand he received from the tax office. 威廉正在为收到税务署的传唤而坐立不安。
UK [stju:] US [stu:] verb
transitive
■to cook meat, fish, vegetables or fruit slowly and gently in a little liquid 炖，煨，用文火煮
intransitive informal
■to be angry 生气，发火
• You're not still stewing about what happened yesterday, are you? 你不会还在为昨天的事生气吧？
intransitive UK
■to do nothing useful 消磨时间，无所事事
• With jobs so scarce, many young people spend long hours with little to do but drink and stew. 工作机会很少，许多年轻人除了喝酒和消磨时间外，整天无所事事。
UK [stju:] US [stu:] verb
stew (in your own juice) informal
■to think about or suffer the results of your own silly actions, without anyone giving you any help 反省自己做过的蠢事；自作自受
vt. 炖，炖汤；焖；忧虑；受闷热
 - pot-roast, braise
n. 炖，炖汤；烦恼；闷热；鱼塘
 - worry, trouble
vi. 炖，炖汤；焖；受闷热；忧虑
 - simmer, fret one's gizzard

Word: optimization
Front: optimization
[ˌɒptɪmaɪ'zeɪʃən] (宝 16923/38216)
Back: n. 最佳化，最优化; 优选法; 优化组合
分布：优化(98%)，最佳化(2%)
【记】opti源于：option选择，选择最好的－最优化
【参】optimism（n 乐观主义）；optional（adj 可选择的）

Word: overheated
Front: overheated
[ˌəʊvəˈhi:tɪd] (17037/21375)
Back: adj. 过热的
v. 使过热，变得过热( overheat的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：过热的(96%)，过烧的(2%)，动词overheat的过去式和过去分词形式.(2%)
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'hi:.tˌɪd] adjective
■If a situation is/gets overheated, strong feelings, especially anger, are expressed （尤指愤怒的情绪）太激烈的，太强烈的
• Things got a bit overheated at the meeting. 会上的气氛变得有些火药味过浓了。
adj. 过热的；怒火中烧的
 - superheated

Word: beau
Front: beau
[bəʊ] (15030/22231)
Vocabulary: beau
(once / 960 pages)
n
A beau is an old-fashioned term for "boyfriend." When your great-grandmother was young, she probably had a beau.
Beau means "handsome" in French. Pronounce it the same way the French do, with a long o: "boh." The word recalls more innocent times, when gentleman courted their ladies and skirts barely rose above ankle level. You'll hardly ever hear beau used today, unless you're watching a movie, play or television drama set in the past.
WORD FAMILY
beau: beaus, beaux
USAGE EXAMPLES
Earlier this year Lopez split from her longtime beau, Casper Smart .
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In sixth position is another international entrant in Beau Geste.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
So what’s dear old dad’s problem with his darling’s beau?
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 喜修饰者; 纨绔子弟; 情郎; 求爱者
分布：花花公子(63%)，男朋友(37%)
→来自词根bel, 好的，漂亮的，见belle, 美女。
US [boʊ] (plural beaus or beaux) old-fashioned
noun countable
■a boyfriend 男友，情郎
n. 花花公子；喜修饰者；情郎
 - boyfriend, playboy
adj. 美的；好的
 - aesthetic, good, fine, ok, great

Word: taper
Front: taper
[ˈteɪpə(r)] (六宝 17027/14001 -1)
Vocabulary: taper
(once / 816 pages)
1vn 2n
To taper is to gradually grow smaller or more narrow or less intense. Taper is often used with the word "off." Part of the power of the Vietnam Memorial is in how the two walls appear to "taper off" into infinity.
It's a rare breed of person who can keep fighting for days and days and days. For most people, the desire for battle tapers off with time and exhaustion. The derivation of the word taper from the Latin papyrus is interesting but takes a while to explain. Your interest would taper off before I finished explaining it. The fact that a road appears to taper off into the distance is an optical illusion: It doesn't actually get narrower. It just appears to taper off.
WORD FAMILY
taper: tapered, tapering, tapers+/tapering: taperings
USAGE EXAMPLES
County officials say that height would be focused along Wisconsin Avenue, tapering down as it reaches residential streets.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Called a radome, it was a tapering multifaceted structure of interlocking triangles rising more than 400 feet.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Different decorative motifs proceed down the tapered legs, which resemble inverted obelisks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 逐渐变细，变尖; 逐渐减弱
n. 细蜡烛; 灯芯; 锥形物
时态：tapered, tapering, tapers
分布：尖细的(25%)，小蜡烛(15%)，逐渐消失(10%)，划分等级的(10%)，蜡芯(10%)，尖锥形(10%)，渐弱(10%)，逐渐变小(10%)
→来自古英语 taper,灯芯，蜡烛，异化自拉丁语 papyrus,纸莎草，词源同 paper.因过去用纸莎草 芯做灯芯而引申该词义，后进一步引申词义锥形物，逐渐变细等。
【记】源于：paper。Taper一个东西，使它变成paper。
US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become gradually narrower at one end, or to make something do this （使）一端逐渐变窄
• Turn left where the road tapers (off) into a track. 走到这条路变窄成一条小径的地方，向左转。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  taper off
■to become gradually smaller or less frequent 逐渐变小；逐步减弱
• Her voice tapered off as she realized everyone was listening. 当她意识到大家都在听时，她的声音就越来越小了。
• Sales have gradually tapered off. 销售额逐渐下滑。
UK ['teɪ.pər] US [-pɚ] noun countable
■a very thin candle, or a long thin piece of string covered in wax or a very thin strip of wood used especially in the past for lighting candles, fires, etc. 细枝小蜡烛；点火木片；灯芯；烛芯
n. 细蜡烛，烛芯；逐渐变弱；锥形物
 - candlewick
vi. 逐渐减少；逐渐变弱
 - drop away
vt. 逐渐减少；使成锥形
 - cone, drop away

Word: nullify
Front: nullify
[ˈnʌlɪfaɪ] (雅宝 17035/18560)
Vocabulary: nullify
(once / 2855 pages)
v
To nullify something means to make it invalid or ineffective. A peace treaty is an attempt to nullify aggression and division within a region.
If you take a null, or a zero, and make it into an action you can take, and you’ve got nullify — the act of making something void or zero-like. If you have an argument with your friend, it might nullify the fun you had together that day. This word is particularly used in legal language — a divorce nullifies a marriage — or in business disputes where you are trying to nullify someone else’s actions or plans.
WORD FAMILY
nullify: nullification, nullified, nullifier, nullifies, nullifying+/ nullification: nullifications/nullifier: nullifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the exact quote is, “Administration should support and defend activist groups by nullifying slander and smear campaign from bigger group.”
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
On Friday, he promised to withhold retaliatory sanctions, clearly hoping the new Trump administration will nullify Mr. Obama’s acts.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
This week Blagojevich’s lawyers asked a U.S. appeals court to nullify the prison term and order another sentencing hearing, arguing he’s been a model prisoner.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 虚假说，零假说
vt. 使抵消; 使无效
时态：nullified, nullifying, nullifies
分布：取消(40%)，使无效(40%)，废除(20%)
→来自拉丁语nullus,无，没有，词源同no,-fy,使。引申词义使废除，使无效。
取消,废除(null+ify)[null=none,表示"没有"]
【记】源于：null（adj 无效力的；n 零）
verb transitive formal
■to make a legal agreement or decision have no legal force 使（协议或决议）失去法律效力
• The state death penalty law was nullified in 1977. 该州于1977年废除了死刑。
■to cause something to have no value or effect 使无价值；使无效
• All my hard work was nullified when I lost my notes. 由于遗失了笔记，我所有的辛苦心血都化为乌有了。
vt. 使无效，作废；取消
 - recall, invalidate

Word: psychedelic
Front: psychedelic
[ˌsaɪkəˈdelɪk] (16995/22935 -1)
Vocabulary: psychedelic
(once / 13432 pages)
adj
Psychedelic originally described drugs — especially LSD — that made users experience bizarre, mind-bending sounds and images, real and imagined. Soon psychedelic was also used for music, art, and colors that seemed to fit a drug-induced haze.
Psychedelic art is wild, vivid, and might make you a little dizzy, like an electric pink tie-dyed t-shirt or a scene of phosphorescent green poodles in high heels, hiking the Alps against a purple-plaid sky. Psychedelic rock is heavy on electronic sounds and intricate instrumentation, in the style the Grateful Dead, Jimi Hendrix, and the Beatles’ Sgt. Peppers album. The word, dating from the 1950s, comes from the Greek psyche, “soul, mind” and delos “clear” — just what psychedelic isn’t.
WORD FAMILY
psychedelic: psychedelia, psychedelically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They just sat there in silence, gazing at the barren canyon walls,” Mr. Lattin wrote in “The Harvard Psychedelic Club.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Three cancer patients explain how a psychedelic drug eased their fears.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
The original was already a masterpiece of art and engineering, melding a trance soundtrack with psychedelic explosions of light and color.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 引起幻觉的，致幻觉的; 迷幻的，幻觉的
n. 迷幻剂
分布：迷幻药(100%)
→药品名，根据希腊语创造出来的一个词。来自希腊语psyche,灵魂，精神，delos,清晰的，可见的，来自dyeu,照亮，照明，神，词源同diurnal,divine.引申词义产生幻觉的。
迷幻药(psyche精神+del看+ic)[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
adjective
■(of a drug) causing effects on the mind, such as feelings of deep understanding or seeing strong images （药物、毒品）引起幻觉的，致幻的
• psychedelic drugs 迷幻药
■Psychedelic art or clothing has bright colours and strange patterns of a type which might be experienced by taking psychedelic drugs. （艺术、服装等）产生迷幻效果的
adj. 引起幻觉的
 - hallucinatory, mind-blowing
n. 迷幻剂
 - hallucinogen

Word: distil
Front: distil
[dɪˈstɪl] (六雅 17042/14338 -1)
Back: vt. 蒸馏; 从…提取精华; 使渗出; 用蒸馏法制造
vi. 蒸馏; 提炼; 渗出
时态：distilled, distilling, distils
分布：蒸馏(88%)，提取 ... 的精华(6%)，=distill(6%)
[dɪ'stɪl] (-ll-)
verb
LIQUID 液体 (ALSO US usually distill) transitive
■to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid 蒸馏
• Some strong alcoholic drinks such as whisky are made by distilling. 威士卡等烈酒是用蒸馏法制成的。
[dɪ'stɪl] (-ll-)
verb
INFORMATION 资讯
   transitive usually passive literary
■to get or show only the most important part of something 压缩，浓缩
• Over 80 hours of footage have been distilled into these 40 minutes. 80多个小时的片子被压缩成了40分钟。
vi. 蒸馏；提炼；渗出
 - still, try out
vt. 蒸馏；提取…的精华；使渗出
 - still, fine-still

Word: crucify
Front: crucify
[ˈkru:sɪfaɪ] (17036/15201 -1)
Back: vt. 把（某人）钉死在十字架上; 折磨，虐待; 抑制，克制; 处以钉在十字架的死刑
时态：crucified, crucifying, crucifies
分布：折磨(53%)，钉在十字架上处死(38%)，迫害(9%)
钉在十字架上;折磨(cruc+ify表动词→钉上十字架)[cruc,crus,crux=cross,表示"十字形,交叉"]
verb transitive
■to kill someone by tying or fastening them with nails to a cross and leaving them there to die 把…钉在十字架上
■informal
■to severely punish or damage someone or something 严惩；折磨
• He's going to crucify me when he finds out what I've done! 等他发现了我的所作所为会狠狠惩罚我的！
vt. 折磨；十字架上钉死；克制
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear, devil

Word: garish
Front: garish
[ˈgeərɪʃ] (宝 17017/18795 -1)
Vocabulary: garish
(once / 5198 pages)
adj
Use the adjective garish to describe something that is overly vivid, bright, showy, and in bad taste — like the DJ's garish outfit that is a flashback to the disco era.
Garish comes to English from the Old Norse word gaurr, meaning "rough fellow." It is often used to describe colors, clothing, decorations, and other things that can be elegant and tasteful. Because the word connotes bad taste, however, it is rarely used in a complimentary way. If you say to your friend, "I like your garish hair and makeup," she is not likely to take it well, unless, of course, you are going to a 70s flashback party.
WORD FAMILY
garish: garishly, garishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Russia, gift-giving, holiday trees and garish ornaments are all associated with New Year's Eve rather than Christmas.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Not a bad trade for a few lousy midweek games between teams you don’t want to see wearing garish color rush uniforms.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
With Castro came bright political murals instead of the garish advertisements for condensed milk and casinos.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 炫耀的，过于艳丽的; 响亮的，浮华的; 刺眼的; 令人眩晕的
分布：炫耀的(33%)，俗气的(27%)，过分装饰的(22%)，耀眼的(18%)
→词源不详。可能同garnish, 装饰。
US ['ger.ɪʃ] disapproving
adjective
■unpleasantly bright 过分鲜艳的；花哨的；炫目的
• a pair of garish Bermuda shorts 一条俗艳的百慕达短裤
adj. 炫耀的；过分装饰的；过分鲜艳的
 - ambitious, gewgawish

Word: malt
Front: malt
[mɔ:lt] (16973/10491 -1)
Back: n. 麦芽; 麦芽酒; 啤酒; 麦乳精
vt. 使（谷物）成为麦芽; 制麦芽
adj. 麦芽的; 含麦芽的; 用麦芽作的
时态：malted, malting, malts
分布：麦芽(67%)，啤酒(21%)，麦芽的(5%)，用麦芽作的(2%)，含麦芽的(2%)，用麦芽处理(2%)，作成麦芽(1%)
→来自古英语malt,麦芽，来自meld,溶化的，来自*mel,软的，词源同melt,meld,mallet.
US [mɑ:lt] noun uncountable
■grain, usually barley , that has been left in water until it starts to grow and is then dried. It is used in the making of alcoholic drinks such as beer and whisky （用于酿酒的）麦芽（通常指大麦芽）
n. [食品] 麦芽；麦芽酒
 - ale, yill

Word: washed
Front: washed
[wɒʃt] (17033/14634)
Back: adj. 洗过的
v. 洗( wash的过去式和过去分词 ); 洗涤; 冲; （向着某一方向）流动
分布：洗过的(88%)，动词wash的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
VERB
洗涤;清洗
If you wash something, you clean it using water and usually a substance such as soap or detergent.
例：He got a job washing dishes in a pizza parlour...他在比萨店里找到一份洗盘子的工作。
例：The colours gently fade each time you wash the shirt...衬衣每洗一次都会褪点色。
VERB
洗;洗漱
If you wash or if you wash part of your body, especially your hands and face, you clean part of your body using soap and water.
例：They looked as if they hadn't washed in days...他们看起来好像已经有好些天没洗澡了。
例：She washed her face with cold water...她用凉水洗了把脸。
V-ERG
(海水或河流)流动，冲刷，冲到
If a sea or river washes somewhere, it flows there gently. You can also say that something carried by a sea or river washes or is washed somewhere.
例：The sea washed against the shore...海水冲刷着海岸。
例：The oil washed ashore on roughly 1,000 miles of coastline...石油沿着海岸线扩散到了大约1,000英里范围的沿岸海域。
N-SING
(船只等激起的)浪花
The wash of a boat is the wave that it causes on either side as it moves through the water.
例：...the wash from large ships.大船激起的浪花
VERB
(情感)强烈冲击
If a feeling washes over you, you suddenly feel it very strongly and cannot control it.
例：A wave of self-consciousness can wash over her when someone new enters the room...一有陌生人进房间，她就感到极不自在。
例：The overpowering despair that he'd fought so hard to keep at bay washed through the boy.一直极力压制的绝望情绪终于将男孩击垮了。
N-COUNT
（颜色、光线等的）薄层
A wash of something such as light or colour is a thin layer of it.
例：The lights from the truck sent a wash of pale light over the snow.卡车的车灯在雪地上洒下一层淡淡的光。
VERB
令人信服;使人接受
If you say that an excuse or idea will not wash, you mean that people will not accept or believe it.
例：He said her policies didn't work and the excuses didn't wash...他认为她的政策没有起到效果，而且理由也不能令人信服。
例：If they believe that solution would wash with the Haitian people, they are making a dramatic error.如果他们认为海地人会接受那个解决方案，那他们就大错特错了。
PHRASE
真相大白;水落石出
If you say that something will come out in the wash, you mean that people will eventually find out the truth about it.
例：This will all come out in the wash—I promise you.一切终会真相大白的——我向你保证。
PHRASE
正在洗着;将要洗;刚洗过
If you say that something such as an item of clothing is in the wash, you mean that it is being washed, is waiting to be washed, or has just been washed and should therefore not be worn or used.
例：Your jeans are in the wash.你的牛仔裤还在洗着呢。

Word: regrettably
Front: regrettably
[rɪ'ɡretəblɪ] (17048/13708)
Vocabulary: regrettably
(once / 29041 pages)
adv
The sentence adverb regrettably is good for expressing regret, or sorrow, about an unfortunate event. If you forgot that today, May 5th, is your brother's birthday, you might say, "Regrettably, I thought today was the fourth."
Regrettably is often used at the beginning of a sentence that tells something you wish you had done — or hadn't. You can also use it in the middle of a thought to signify sadness, apology, or regret, like when you're lost in the woods with a guide who's regrettably choosing one wrong path after another. Regrettably also describes things that are disappointing, like your regrettably brief career as a fire juggler.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
regrettably / regretfully
Regrettably is used when something's a bummer, but it's not necessarily your fault. Regretfully is when you're full of regret, like if you decided to stay home and your friends saw your crush at the dance.
Both words have the same root: regret, meaning to feel sadness, repentance, or disappointment, but they each have their own way of dealing with it. Regrettably describes something that deserves regret, and is used like the word "unfortunately." Regrettably is like bad luck, and it often kicks off a sentence:
Regrettably, Mr. Gao and Dr. Liu's imprisonment reflect the increased assaults on the rule of law and the repression faced by human rights advocates in China. (Council for a Community of Democracies)
Regrettably, some consumer advocates have joined in that chorus. (New York Times)
"Regrettably, few weapons in the history of warfare, once created, have gone unused," Lynn said. (Forbes)
But regretfully is more like a polite way to say sadly, like if you must regretfully decline an invitation to the garden party. Or if you're full of regret, like if you regretfully stayed in on Saturday night because you thought the party would be boring. Regretfully can begin a sentence, but it usually doesn't:
"I am half sorry we spared him after all," Leonidas said regretfully. (Robert H. Fuller)
The man looked down at his boy sadly, sorrowfully, regretfully. (Maurice Thompson)
People have confused them so often, by using regretfully as a sentence adverb to mean unfortunately, that it's kind of okay to do it now. Both words look behind them and wish something else had happened, but regrettably is when it's not your fault, and regretfully is when you're full of it. (Regret, that is.)
WORD FAMILY
regrettable: regrettably +/ regret: regretful, regrets, regrettable, regretted, regretting/ regretful: regretfully, unregretful/regretting: unregretting/unregretful: unregretfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
I regrettably passed up on the apple and plum crumble in lieu of the panettone.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Doris, she observed, was not her mother, adoptive or otherwise; her parents were not only still alive but “regrettably” still in contact with her.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Taggart’s hiring is noteworthy, regrettably, because of the color of his skin.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adv. 令人遗憾地，使人懊悔地
分布：可悲地(40%)，遗憾地(30%)，抱歉地(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人遗憾的;可惜的;令人惋惜的
You describe something as regrettable when you think that it is bad and that it should not happen or have happened.
例：...an investigation into what the army described as a regrettable incident...对军方称之为令人遗憾的事件的调查
例：It is regrettable that strike leaders seem intent on spoiling holidays.遗憾的是罢工领导人似乎决意要破坏节日的气氛。
adv. 遗憾地；抱歉地；可悲地
 - unhappily, miserably

Word: alchemy
Front: alchemy
[ˈælkəmi] (托宝 17003/22179)
Vocabulary: alchemy
(once / 2083 pages)
1n 2n
If your favorite but perpetually losing team picks up a couple of new players and the result is suddenly an unbeatable combo, that's alchemy — any seemingly magical act involving the combining of elements into something new.
In medieval times alchemy meant the mysterious science of trying to convert one form of matter into another using fire, potions, spells, and all kind of other tricks. Alchemists often got a bad rap for their obsession with trying to turn base metals into gold, but in fact true alchemy was concerned with a far loftier ideal — that of finding a "universal elixir" that could overcome death.
WORD FAMILY
alchemy: alchemic, alchemical, alchemies, alchemise, alchemist, alchemize+/alchemise: alchemised, alchemising/ alchemist: alchemistic, alchemistical, alchemists/alchemize: alchemized, alchemizes, alchemizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Great recipes are kind of like instruction manuals for alchemy, showing us how to transform ordinary, often banal, taken-for-granted ingredients into extraordinary dishes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But even if that isn’t the case, it is revealing of the limits to China’s financial alchemy.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
But Jukin’s existence performs a strange sort of alchemy, retroactively transforming these pratfalls into some kind of labor.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 炼金术; 炼丹术; （改变事物、物质的）魔力（或方法）; （事物、物质的）神秘变化
分布：炼金术(89%)，魔力(11%)
→来自阿拉伯语。al, 阿拉伯定冠词. 词根chem, 注入，同词根found, 注入，见confound，困惑的。现代化学由炼金术发展而来。
【记】al非，不，chemy化学－不是真的化学－伪科学－炼丹术
【参】chemistry（n 化学）
noun uncountable
■a type of chemistry, especially from about the years 1100 to 1500, which dealt with trying to find a way to change ordinary metals into gold and with trying to find a medicine which would cure any disease 炼金术，炼丹术
■literary
■a process that is so effective that it seems like magic （事物的）神秘变化
• She manages, by some extraordinary alchemy, to turn the most ordinary of ingredients into the most delicious of dishes. 她像用了魔法似的，竟然能用极普通的配料做出非常可口的菜肴。
n. 点金术；魔力
 - charm, fascination

Word: condor
Front: condor
[ˈkɒndɔ:(r)] (托宝 16894/27172 -1)
Back: n. 神鹰; 秃鹫，秃鹰; 秃鹰金币
分布：秃鹰金币(50%)，大兀鹰(50%)
→来自南美土著语。
【记】con共同，dor＝door门：秃鹫的双翅展开长约3米，所以他们的共同点是飞起来象一扇门。
US ['kɑ:n.dɔ:r] noun countable
■a type of vulture (= a large bird which feeds on dead animals) from South America （南美）神鹰，大秃鹰，秃鹫
n. 秃鹫，秃鹰
 - vulture

Word: materialistic
Front: materialistic
[məˌtɪəriəˈlɪstɪk] (16990/19707)
Vocabulary: materialistic
(once / 4459 pages)
adj
Who doesn’t love the nice things that money can buy? But if all you care about is the stuff you have and the stuff you want to buy, you are materialistic.
Anyone who is obsessively focused on money, or cares deeply about owning luxury goods can be described as materialistic. Material is a synonym for matter: anything that exists. Originally, materialism was a philosophy that "only matter exists." But in 1851, American fiction writer Nathaniel Hawthorne tweaked the definition to mean “a way of life based entirely on consumer goods," a meaning that endures.
WORD FAMILY
materialistic: materialistically+/dematerialise: dematerialised, dematerialises/dematerialize: dematerialized, dematerializes, dematerializing/ immaterial: immaterialise, immateriality, immaterialize, immaterially/immaterialise: immaterialised/immaterialize: immaterialized, immaterializes/ material: immaterial, materialise, materialism, materiality, materialize, materially, materials, nonmaterial/materialisation: materialisations/materialise: dematerialise, materialisation, materialised, materialises, materialising/ materialism: materialisms, materialist, materialistic /materialist: materialists/materiality: materialities/materialization: materializations/ materialize: dematerialize, materialization, materialized, materializes, materializing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most Americans are too materialistic to choose a saner way of life that would keep them healthier and happier.
New York Times(Feb 09, 2013)
Pope Francis has criticized capitalism for contributing to income inequality, the destruction of the environment and a pernicious materialistic worldview.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
She is the mother of a feckless loser of an adult son bullied by his brazenly materialistic girlfriend.
The Guardian(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 唯物论的，唯物主义的
分布：唯物主义的(67%)，唯物论的(25%)，贪图享乐的(8%)
US [-ˌtɪr.i-] adjective
■believing that having money and possessions is the most important thing in life 拜金的，物质主义的

Word: freelance
Front: freelance
[ˈfri:lɑ:ns] (8780/11320 -1)
Vocabulary: freelance
(once / 5102 pages)
nadjv
To freelance is to work independently, instead of for a long-term employer. If you do freelance work, you’re free to say yes or no to any project. Anyone can work freelance (as a freelancer), but it’s often a writer or artist.
To freelance is the opposite of working for one employer full-time and long-term. A freelancer — who could be a writer, a designer, or one of many other jobs — probably has many employers. The word comes from the Middle Ages, for "medieval mercenary warrior," which makes sense, since a mercenary is someone who fights for hire. It’s a free (not bound by a country) lance (sword). The pen is mightier than the sword, so these days freelance often refers to writers.
WORD FAMILY
freelance: freelanced, freelancer, freelances, freelancing+/freelancer: freelancers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Freelance criminal hackers may also be getting nervous.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
He hopes maybe it’ll help him get freelance work, says Barker.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Wright, a freelance designer, tells them the time limits are designed to ensure their brains work better.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 自由作家; 自由记者
adj. 特约的; 自由职业的
vi. 当自由职业者
时态：freelanced, freelancing, freelances
分布：自由职业者(67%)，兼职的(11%)，自由择业的(11%)，兼做(11%)
→free, 自由的。lance, 矛。原指自由作战的战士，雇佣兵。后用来指自由撰稿人，自由职业者。
US [-lænts] adjective adverb
■doing particular pieces of work for different organizations, rather than working all the time for a single organization 从事自由职业（的）；作为自由职业者（的）
• Most of the journalists I know are/work freelance. 我认识的记者大多数是自由撰稿人。
• a freelance artist 自由职业艺术家
UK ['fri:.lɑ:nts] US [-lænts] noun countable (also freelancer)
■someone who is freelance 自由职业者
• The firm employs several freelances. 该事务所雇用了几个自由职业者。
UK ['fri:.lɑ:nts] US [-lænts] verb intransitive
■to work freelance 当自由职业者
• I prefer to freelance from home rather than to work in an office. 我宁可在家当自由职业者，也不愿到办公室上班。

Word: mighty
Front: mighty
[ˈmaɪti] (六托雅宝 5943/5620 -2)
Vocabulary: mighty
(once / 79 pages)
1adj 2adv
Something that's mighty is large and powerful. Mighty Mouse is no ordinary mouse; he's a superhero. It's best not to mess with anyone with mighty in their name.
A mighty beast in a fairy tale is ferocious and intimidating, and a mighty power in the business world exerts great influence. Colloquially, you can also use mighty to emphasize something, or to mean "extremely." This informal use is especially common in the U.S. South, where a host might say, "We're mighty glad to have you!" Mighty comes from the Old English root mæht, "strength or power."
WORD FAMILY
mighty: mightier, mightiest, mightily, mightiness+/ might: mights, mighty /mightiness: mightinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some Springdale residents, meanwhile, are calling on the state to tone down its “Mighty Five” tourism campaign focused on the state’s national parks.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But the mighty humpbacks are one of the great conservation successes in human history.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Ms. Kikta — tall, cool, mighty — cleaves space apart with the lines and force of her dancing.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 趾高气扬; 巨大的; 强有力的; 浩瀚的
adv. 非常，很
级别：mightier, mightiest
分布：强大的(58%)，很(28%)，巨大的(11%)，极其(3%)
→来自mighty,强大的，有力的。
【记】might（n 力量；威力；权力；能；可能）；y读：外（国人），可能是外国人－强有力的
US [-tˌi] adjective literary
 ADVANCED
■very large, powerful or important 强大的；巨大的；伟大的
• In the next game they will face the mighty Redskins. 下一场比赛中他们将迎战实力强大的红人队。
• the mighty River Po 滔滔的波河
UK ['maɪ.ti] US [-tˌi] adverb mainly US informal
■very 很，极，非常
• They offered to raise salaries by 12% - that's a mighty generous deal. 他们表示愿意加薪12%，那可真是慷慨啊。
mighty, powerful
这组词都有“强有力的”的意思，其区别是：
mighty: 书面语用词，指力量、威力或能力等非常大，非一般可比，多作引申用，有时含夸张意味。
powerful: 普通用词，指事物本身具有巨在的力量、能力或权力，也可作引申用。
adj. 有力的；强有力的；有势力的
 - powerful, male, influential, vigorous, energetic
adv. 很；极；非常
 - greatly, quite, badly, too, extremely, far, highly
n. 有势力的人
 - big guns

Word: through
Front: through
[θru:] (中高 112/109 -K5)
Vocabulary: through
(once / 8 pages)
adjadv
As an adjective, through means finished or done. As an adverb it can mean backward and forward, completely, up to and including, or all the way to the end. The preposition through means in and out of.
Through has lots of meanings. If you finished your homework you might shout — gleefully — "I'm through!" Those people who wouldn't be quiet talked through the entire movie. The first half of the alphabet are the letters A through M. If you've memorized the multiplication table, you know the whole thing through. And, of course, you walk through a door.
WORD FAMILY
through: throughly, throughs
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s collected and administered at the county level and is largely generated through hotel stays, but also on bookings through short-term rentals such as Airbnb.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“Struggled a bit at the end, but I got through it,” Aiava said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Franklin said he “tried to push through” the injury, but that his thumb kept locking up on his throwing hand.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: prep. 通过，穿过; 经由; 透过; 凭借
adv. 从头到尾; 彻底; 自始至终
adj. （电话）接通; 通话完毕; 有洞的; 直达的
分布：通过(58%)，穿过(18%)，直达的(5%)，凭借(4%)，贯穿的(3%)，结束的(3%)，完成的(3%)，自始至终(2%)，径直(2%)，直通的(1%)，完全(1%)
→来自中英语 thurh,穿过，通过，来自 Proto-Germanic*thurkh,穿过，通过，来自 tere,弯， 转，跨过，词源同 turn,trans-,transport.
prep./ad.穿过;自始至终;由,以a.直达的I heard about the meeting through Tom.我从汤姆那儿听说有这个会的.
preposition adverb
PLACE 地方
 ESSENTIAL (ALSO also US not standard thru)
■from one end or side of something to the other 通过；穿越
• They walked slowly through the woods. 他们缓步穿过树林。
• The boy waded through the water to reach his boat. 男孩涉水来到他的船上。
• He struggled through the crowd till he reached the front. 他挤过人群来到前面。
• How long the journey takes will depend on how long it takes to get through the traffic. 旅程要花多长时间将取决于穿过车流要花多长时间。
• Her words kept running through my mind/head (= I kept hearing her words in my imagination). 她的话一直在我脑海里回荡。
• We drove through the tunnel. 我们开车穿过隧道。
• I saw him drive through a red light (= he did not stop at the red traffic light). 我看见他开车闯红灯。
• I'll put you through (= connect you by telephone) (to the sales department). 我给你接通（销售部的）电话。
[θru:] preposition adverb
TIME 时间
 ESSENTIAL
■from the beginning to the end of a period of time 自始至终，从头至尾
• It rained all/right through June and into the first half of July. 整个六月和七月的上半月一直在下雨。
• We sat through two lectures and then left. 我们听完整整两节课，然后就走了。
• She had just enough energy to get through the day. 她硬撑着坚持了一天。
• US She works Monday through Thursday (= from Monday to Thursday). 她周一到周四工作。
[θru:] preposition adverb
through and through
■completely 完全地，彻底地，十足地
• My mother is Irish through and through. 我妈妈是地地道道的爱尔兰人。
[θru:] preposition
RESULT 结果
 ESSENTIAL
■as a result of 由于
• The company lost the order through production delays. 该公司由于生产延误，失去了订单。
[θru:] preposition
USING 利用
 ESSENTIAL
■by; using 透过；利用
• I got my car through my brother who works in a garage. 我透过在汽车修理厂工作的兄弟买的车。
• We sold the bike through advertising in the local paper. 我们透过在地方报纸上登广告卖掉了脚踏车。
[θru:] adjective
FINISHED 完成的
■having finished using or doing something 完成的；结束的；断绝的
• I've got some work to do but I should be through in an hour if you can wait. 我还有些工作要做，不过一小时内应该可以完成，你看能不能等一下。
• Are you through with that atlas? 你看完那本地图册了吗？
[θru:] adjective
SUCCESSFUL 成功的
be through (to sth)
■to achieve success in an examination, competition, etc. and progress to the next stage or a higher level 通过（考试等）
• "Has she heard about her entrance exams yet?" "Yes, she's through." “她知道入学考试的成绩了吗？” “知道，她通过了。”
• She's through to the next round of interviews. 她通过了，可参加下一轮面试。
mob, through, masses, crowd, people
这组词都有“人们，人群”的意思，其区别是：
mob: 含贬义，指乌合之众、暴民。
through: 与crowd含义很接近，常可换用，但侧重指向前运动的群众。
masses: 指群众或平民，在西方国家含贬义，在我国含褒义。
crowd: 本义指一大群紧紧聚集在一起的人群，现指群众整体，由个体结合的人群或大众。
people: 最普通用词，不带任何色彩，泛指不确定数量的人们。
over, through, along, across
这组词都有“横过、穿过”的意思，其区别是：
over: 常和动态动词连用，指“从……上面越过”或“横越”；表静态时，指“在彼处”。
through: 侧重从一端穿到另一端。
along: 指沿着一条直线在水平方向上运动。一般表动态，有时也与静态动词连用。
across: 指“从……的一边到另一边”，强调横过，多与动态动词连用。
prep. 通过；穿过；凭借
 - via, across
adv. 彻底；从头至尾
 - to the core
adj. [交] 直达的；过境的；完结的
 - finished, non-stop

Word: splitting
Front: splitting
[ˈsplɪtɪŋ] (17004/23457)
Back: adj. 爆裂似的，极快的
v. （使）裂开， （使）破裂( split的现在分词 ); 分裂; 分开; [俚语]（迅速）离开
分布：剧烈的(80%)，动词split的现在分词.(20%)
→来自 split,分开。引申比喻义头痛欲裂的。
US ['splɪ-] adjective
splitting headache
■a very severe pain that you feel in your head 头痛欲裂
adj. 极快的；爆裂似的，剧烈的；滑稽的
 - severe, funny, smart, exquisite
v. 裂开（split的现在分词）
 - riving, cleaving

Word: rail
Front: rail
[reɪl] (高研四六托雅宝 3373/1961 -K3)
Vocabulary: rail
(once / 186 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
The verb rail means to criticize severely. When you rail against increased taxes at a town meeting, you speak openly and loudly about how wrong the increase is and point out the problems it will cause.
Rail can also mean "to complain." When your mom asks you to vacuum the house, you might rail against this chore by saying that you ALWAYS do the vacuuming, that vacuuming is SO hard, and that you hate the stupid vacuum! Rail can also mean to spread negative information about someone in an abusive way. If your "friends" rail against you to everyone in school, they're spreading nasty rumors about you, and you should find new friends!
WORD FAMILY
rail: railed, railing, rails+/railing: railings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nevertheless, the singer railed against police officers who appear in the background of one of Songz’s videos, unfazed as the artist swears at them.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It was Cuomo, speaking into the intercom from one of the rail cars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Bank Stadium operator SMG said in a statement that they apparently climbed over a guard rail to access the ridge truss.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 围栏; 轨道，钢轨; 扶手; [动]秧鸡
vi. 责备; 抱怨; 责骂
vt. 将…围起来; 铺铁轨; 坐火车旅行; 用围栏围
时态：railed, railing, rails
分布：栏杆(30%)，铁轨(21%)，抱怨(18%)，扶手(11%)，责骂(11%)，铺铁轨(5%)，以横木围栏(4%)
→来自古法语 reille,柱子，竿，杆，来自拉丁语 regula,直杆，小杆，-ula,小词后缀，来自 regere, 拉直，伸直，词源同 regulate,right.引申词义铁轨。拼写比较 rule,regulate.
n.栏杆,围栏;(pl.)铁路;铁轨;横杆,栏杆The sailor was nailed on the rail for he failed to trail the mail.水手被钉在横木上,因为他未能跟踪邮件.
【记】用rail打你，相当于rail你。
noun
TRAINS 列车
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable
■the system of transport which uses trains, or one of the two metal bars fixed to the ground on which trains travel 铁路交通；铁路交通系统；铁轨
• Environmentalists argue that more goods should be transported by rail. 环保主义者们主张应该充分利用铁路来运输货物。
• A train left/went off the rails and crashed into the bank, killing several passengers. 一列火车出轨后撞到路堤上，造成数名乘客死亡。
[reɪl] noun
BAR 横杆
 ADVANCED countable
■a horizontal bar fixed in position, especially to a wall or to vertical posts, used to close something off, as a support, or to hang things on （尤指固定在墙上或竖杆上的）横杆，栏杆，扶手
• Will spectators please stay behind the rail? 观众们请站在栏杆后面好吗？
• Hold onto the rail so that you don't fall. 抓牢扶手，这样就不会摔倒了。
• The (clothes) rail in her wardrobe was crammed full of dresses. 她大衣橱里面挂满了衣服。
• He folded the towels neatly and hung them on the towel UKrail/ USrack. 他把毛巾整整齐齐叠好，挂在毛巾杆上。
[reɪl] noun
go off the rails informal
■to start behaving in a way that is not generally acceptable, especially dishonestly or illegally 举止怪异；越过道德底线，行为不轨
• He went off the rails in his first year at university. 他刚上大学一年级行为就很出轨。
[reɪl] verb intransitive + prep formal
■to complain angrily 谴责；抱怨
• He railed against/at the injustices of the system. 他强烈谴责该制度的不公正。
[reɪl] verb intransitive + prep formal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rail sth off
■to close something, especially using railings （尤指用栏杆）把…围起，把…圈住，把…隔开
• Part of the playing field had been railed off for use as a car park. 运动场的一部分被栏杆隔开，用作停车场。
n. [铁路] 铁轨； [建] 扶手；横杆；围栏
 - pen, rider
vi. 抱怨；责骂
 - rate, beef about

Word: centralize
Front: centralize
[ˈsentrəlaɪz] (六 16971/22228 -1)
Back: vt. 使集中; 成为…的中心; 实行中央集权
时态：centralized, centralizing, centralizes
分布：动词(100%)
(UK also centralise) ['sen.trə.laɪz] verb transitive
■to remove authority in a system, company, country, etc. from local places to one central place so that the whole system, etc. is under central control 使集中；使实行中央集权制，使处于中央的控制下
• Payment of bills is now centralized (= organized at one place instead of several). 帐单的支付现在集中在一处进行。
vt. 使集中；使成为…的中心；使集权
 - focus
vi. 集中；实行中央集权
 - concentrate, focus

Word: tubular
Front: tubular
[ˈtju:bjələ(r)] (16998/12602 -1)
Back: adj. 管系组织的; 管子形的，管状的; 管子做成的; 发吹管般声音的
分布：管状的(83%)，管子做成的(17%)
→来自 tube,管子，管道。
US ['tu:.bjə.lɚ] adjective
■made in or having the shape of a tube 管子构成的；管状的
• tubular steel 管钢
adj. 管状的
 - tubiform, fistuliform

Word: exasperate
Front: exasperate
[ɪgˈzæspəreɪt] (托雅宝 17029/14769 -1)
Vocabulary: exasperate
(once / 602 pages)
v
To exasperate someone is to annoy him or her to the point of impatience, frustration and irritation, like when you exasperate a busy waiter by asking questions like "what are all the ingredients in the salad dressing?" and making him repeat the specials five times.
The verb exasperate comes from the Latin word exasperatus, which means “to roughen,” “irritate,” or “provoke.” To exasperate is to make something that is already bad even worse, like when sitting in traffic that is sure to make you late, you exasperate the person who is driving by bringing up an unpleasant topic, or the addition of twenty more students that exasperates the crowding in the cafeteria.
WORD FAMILY
exasperate: exasperated, exasperates, exasperating, exasperation +/ exasperated: exasperatedly/ exasperating: exasperatingly/ exasperation: exasperations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Some of that was because Clay County was in bad situation before the flood and then exasperated by the flood.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Many Japanese scholars, exasperated by Tokyo’s studied forgetfulness, are joining foreign critics in insisting on the same thing.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
The breaches mainly represent a new form of crime whose costs are exasperating but manageable.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使恼怒; 使恶化; 使加剧
时态：exasperated, exasperating, exasperates
分布：激怒(59%)，使恶化(17%)，被激怒的(8%)，使 ... 恼怒(8%)，表面粗糙的(8%)
→ex-, 向外。-asper, 粗糙，词源同asperity.
激怒;使恶化[asper=rough(粗糙)]
【记】ex出，asper粗暴的－使显出粗暴的样子－激怒ex出，asper呼吸－喘着粗气－被激怒了
【参】asperity（n 严酷；刻薄）；exasperation（n 恼怒）
【反】mollify（v 平息）；mitigate（v 减轻）
US [-'zæs.pɚ.eɪt] verb transitive
■to make someone very annoyed, usually when they can do nothing to solve a problem 激怒，使气恼，使烦恼（通常使人束手无策）
vt. 恶化；使恼怒；激怒
 - anger, go ill

Word: profusely
Front: profusely
[prə'fju:slɪ] (17057/19656)
Vocabulary: profusely
(once / 2643 pages)
adv
Profusely is another way of saying "excessively." If you sweat profusely whenever your crush walks into a room, you might reconsider your ban on deodorant before asking him out.
Profuse is an adjective meaning, basically, "a lot." Add the -ly and there's the adverb profusely, used to describe something that's giving off a lot — of blood, sweat, and tears for example. You might bleed profusely after you cut your thumb and cry profusely when your sweetie doesn't even offer you a Band-Aid. Other words with similar meanings include abundantly, extravagantly, lavishly, and richly. The French author Francois de la Rochefoucauld said, “Nothing is given so profusely as advice.”
WORD FAMILY
profuse: profusely, profuseness, profusest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Husfled started bleeding profusely from the nose and the man escaped.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Smatsorabudh, her thin arms trembling and with tears running down her face, apologized profusely Wednesday for her crime.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
But the best way to grow an audience is to share links or memes as profusely as possible across multiple platforms.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 十分慷慨地; 毫不吝惜地; 丰富地; 繁茂地
分布：丰富地(60%)，大量地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
大量的；丰富的；充沛的
Profuse sweating, bleeding, or vomiting is sweating, bleeding, or vomiting large amounts.
例：...a remedy that produces profuse sweating.使人大量出汗的疗法
ADJ
（道歉或感谢）一再的；毫不吝惜的，过多的
If you offer profuse apologies or thanks, you apologize or thank someone a lot.
例：Then the policeman recognised me, breaking into profuse apologies.然后这个警察认出了我，一个劲儿地给我道歉。
adv. 丰富地
 - richly, abundantly

Word: digger
Front: digger
[ˈdɪgə(r)] (16976/16058 -1)
Back: n. 挖掘机; 挖掘者; 有挖掘习性的动物; 家伙
分布：挖掘者(73%)，新西兰士兵(9%)，采掘机(9%)，澳大利亚士兵(9%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a machine used for digging 挖掘机，掘进器
• a mechanical digger 挖掘机
■Australian
■a person who mines for gold (= removes it from under the ground) 淘金者，淘金矿工
⇒ See also gold digger Australian informal
■an Australian soldier, especially one who fought in World War I （尤指第一次世界大战中的）澳大利亚士兵
n. 挖掘机；挖掘者；矿工；以色相骗钱的女人；扒手
 - excavator, miner

Word: riverboat
Front: riverboat
['rɪvəbəʊt] (17175/48327)
Back: n. （拖轮、大型平底船、划船等的）内河船
分布：名词(100%)
N-COUNT
内河船;江轮
A riverboat is a large boat that carries passengers along a river.

Word: necktie
Front: necktie
[ˈnektaɪ] (高 17026/42992)
Back: n. 领带，领结
分布：领带(100%)
noun countable mainly US for a tie (= long piece of material worn under a shirt collar) 领带
n. 领带
 - tie, cravat

Word: devotional
Front: devotional
[dɪˈvəʊʃənl] (宝 17179/24689)
Back: adj. 专心的; 献身的; 信仰的; 虔诚的
分布：虔诚的(61%)，祷告的(18%)，信仰的(15%)，简短的祈祷(6%)
虔诚的(devotion献身+al)[vot=vow,表示"发誓"]
US [-'voʊ-] adjective
■connected with the act of religious worship 宗教礼拜的，祈祷的
• devotional music/poems/practices 礼拜音乐／诗歌／仪式
adj. 虔诚的，祷告的；信仰的；献身的
 - religious, dedicated, good

Word: kink
Front: kink
[kɪŋk] (17053/20676)
Vocabulary: kink
(once / 4208 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
A kink is a bend or a twist in an otherwise straight line, like a kink in a garden hose that blocks water from flowing freely.
When something kinks, it bends to form a kink or curl — if your hair kinks in the rain, it gets tightly curly. You can also have a kink in your neck, a tight muscle that cramps painfully. Yet another kind of kink is a problem, complication, or weakness in a plan: "The major kink in her plan turned out to be that no one was interested in buying hand-knitted cat sweaters."
WORD FAMILY
kink: kinked, kinking, kinks, kinky +/ kinky: kinkier, kinkiest, kinkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Like not being able to understand anything I read by Deleuze, or why I don’t like a particular guitar solo on a particular Kinks song.”
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In the 1960s it sold the Davies brothers Ray and Dave – of the Kinks – who lived nearby, their first guitars.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
The Sooners clearly are still working out the kinks with their three new starters.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （绳、头发等的纽）结，（道路等的）弯曲，肌肉抽筋
v. （使）纠结，（使）纽绞
时态：kinked, kinking, kinks
分布：纽结(34%)，绞缠(23%)，奇想(17%)，打结(12%)，缺陷(6%)，怪癖(4%)，抽筋(4%)
→来自瑞典语kink,绳结，来自Proto-Germanic*kenk,弯，转，来自gengh,弯，转，编织，词源同hook,cinch,precinct.引申词义变态，怪癖，不正常。比较straight,bent.
noun countable
TWIST 扭结；打结
■an unwanted twist or bend in a wire, rope, pipe, etc. that is usually straight （绳线、管道等直线物体上的）扭结，打结，绞缠，弯
• There must be a kink in the pipe. 管道里肯定有甚么地方扭结了。
■US
■a sore muscle, especially in the neck or back （尤指颈、背部的）肌肉抽筋，痛性痉挛
[kɪŋk] noun countable
PROBLEM 问题
■something that is wrong 缺陷
• Pete still needs to iron out a few kinks in his game. 皮特在比赛中有几个毛病仍需改正。
[kɪŋk] noun countable
HABIT 癖好
■a strange habit 怪癖
n. 扭结；奇想；蜷缩
 - whim, vagary

Word: old
Front: old
[əʊld] (中高 152/126 -K5)
Vocabulary: old
(once / 8 pages)
1adjn 2adj
Use the adjective old to describe someone who's been alive for a long time. When you're 30, 60 seems old, and when you're 60, 90 seems old. When you're 90, face it, you're old!
The adjective old also means former. It can be fun to visit your favorite teachers at your old elementary school, or to drive through your old neighborhood. You can use old to describe something of long duration, like your old friends from camp who you visit every summer. Old also has numerous informal or slang uses, like the phrase "any old," which you'd use to say, "I don't want just any old job; I want to be a circus clown."
WORD FAMILY
old: older, oldest, oldish, oldly, oldness, olds
USAGE EXAMPLES
These days it’s populated mainly by seagulls, boarded-up barracks, some art studios and old warehouses, but officials hope the museum triggers its transformation.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
To reduce the risk of pneumonia, two vaccines are recommended for people age 65 and older: Prevnar 13 first, followed by Pneumovax a year later.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Dry, itchy skin is a common companion when the humidity drops, especially as we get older.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 老的; 古老的; 以前的; （用于指称被替代的东西）原来的
n. 古时
级别：older, oldest
分布：老的(64%)，过去的(26%)，旧时(7%)，... 岁的(3%)
→来自古英语ald,来自al,生长，成长，词源同adult,adolescent,elder.-d,过去分词后缀。即长大了的，变老的。
a.年老的;...岁的;长时间的,老的;过去的Before the premier, the old soldier scolds the cold weather.老兵当着首相的面咒骂寒冷的天气.
US [oʊld] adjective
EXISTED MANY YEARS 存在多年的
 ESSENTIAL
■having lived or existed for many years 老的；年老的；古老的
• an old man 老人
• We're all getting older. 我们都老了。
• I was shocked by how old he looked. 他看上去那么老，令我很震惊。
• Now come on, you're old enough to tie your own shoelaces, Carlo. 好，来吧，卡洛尔，你那么大了，该自己系鞋带了。
• I'm too old to be out clubbing every night. 我年纪不小了，不能每晚都在夜总会里胡混。
• a beautiful old farm house in the country 乡下一间漂亮的古老农舍
• a battered old car 残破的旧汽车
• That's an old joke - I've heard it about a thousand times. 那是个老掉牙的笑话——我听过不知多少次了。
• I think this cheese is a bit old judging by the smell of it. 从气味上判断，我觉得这块起司放有点久了。
too old/a bit old disapproving
■unsuitable because intended for older people 太陈旧的／有点陈旧的
• Don't you think that book is a bit old for you? 你不觉得这本书对你来说太旧了点吗？
  Common Learner Errors  old or elderly? Elderly is sometimes used instead of old when describing a person as it is considered more polite. an elderly gentleman
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
OF AGE 关于年龄
 ESSENTIAL
■used to describe or ask about someone's age …岁的
• How old is your father? 你父亲多大年纪了？
• Rosie's six years old now. 罗茜现在6岁了。
• It's not very dignified behaviour for a 54-year-old man. 对于一个54岁的人来说，这种行为太有失体面了。
• He's a couple of years older than me. 他比我大几岁。
  Common Learner Errors  old You can give someone's age using old in two different ways. You can write the age as three separate words when you name the person first. My daughter is three years old. However, when you use old before naming the person then you should write the age as one word (eg three-year-old) with hyphens. Note that the word year does not become years when you use old like this. I've got a three-year-old daughter.
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
FROM THE PAST 过去的
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■from a period in the past; former 过去的；旧时的，从前的，以前的
• I saw my old English teacher last time I went home. 上次我回家时见到了我从前的英语老师。
• He's bought me a smart new camera to replace my old one. 他给我买了一架时髦的新相机取代了那个旧的。
• She showed me her old school. 她领我参观了她的母校。
• I saw an old boyfriend of mine. 我看见了我的一个前男友。
• In my old job I wasn't given sick-pay. 我以前的那份工作，病假是不给工资的。
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
LANGUAGE 语言
Old English/French, etc.
■describes a language when it was in an early stage in its development 古英语／法语等
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
VERY FAMILIAR 非常熟悉的
 ESSENTIAL [before noun]
■(especially of a friend) known for a long time （尤指朋友）老的，结识久的
• She's one of my oldest friends - we met at school. 她是我的老朋友之一——我们上学时就认识。
[before noun] informal
■used before someone's name when you are referring to or talking to them, to show that you know them well and like them （用于人名前表示亲密、熟悉的称呼）老…
• There's old Sara working away in the corner. 老莎拉在一角埋头苦干。
• I hear poor old Frank's lost his job. 我听说可怜的老法兰克失业了。
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
be (as) old as the hills
■to be very old 很古老
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
for old times ' sake
■If you do something for old times' sake, you do it in order to remember a happy time that you had in the past 看在旧日的情分上；念及老交情
• We should all meet up again - just for old times' sake. 我们大家应该重聚一次——就为了重温美好的旧日时光。
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
of old literary
■in or from the past 在过去；从前
• in days of old 从前
mainly UK for a very long time 很长时间
• I know him of old. 我认识他很久了。
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
of the old school
■traditional and old-fashioned 老派的；守旧的
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
the oldest profession in the world humorous
■ prostitution (= the job of having sex for money) 卖淫
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] adjective
the oldest trick in the book
■a way of tricking someone which is still effective although it has been used a lot before 一种老套但仍然有效的骗人把戏
• It was the oldest trick in the book - one man distracted me while another stole my wallet. 又是这套老把戏：一人分散我的注意力，另一人趁机把我的钱包偷走。
UK [əʊld] US [oʊld] plural noun
the old
 ADVANCED
■old people considered together as a group 老年人；长者
• These cuts in services will particularly affect the old. 许多服务项目被取消，这样做对老年人的影响尤其大。
ancient, old, antique
这些形容词均含“古代的，古老的”之意。
ancient: 指很久以前发生或存在的事物。用于描述历史时，指远古时代。
old: 指长期以来一直存在着的事物，与times连用指古代，与days连用时指从前或旧社会。
antique: 指已经很古老或颇有古风的事物，一般都具有较高价值。
adj. 陈旧的，古老的；年老的
 - ancient, aged, advanced

Word: grating
Front: grating
[ˈgreɪtɪŋ] (宝 17014/19713)
Back: n. 格栅，栅栏，格子
v. 磨碎，压碎( grate的现在分词 ); 发出刺耳的摩擦声; 使人烦恼难受
分布：格栅(32%)，格子(28%)，刺耳的(25%)，磨擦的(10%)，动词grate的现在分词.(5%)
→来自grate, 刮，擦，刺耳声。
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■describes a sound which is unpleasant and annoying （声音）刺耳的
UK ['greɪ.tɪŋ] US [-tˌɪŋ] noun countable
■a structure made of metal bars which covers a hole, especially in the ground over a drain （尤指下水道的）格栅
adj. 刺耳的；磨擦的
 - grinding, sharp, harsh
n. [光] 光栅；摩擦，摩擦声； [建] [数] 格子
 - friction, grid
v. 磨碎；擦响；激怒（grate的ing形式）
 - provoking

Word: shoddy
Front: shoddy
[ˈʃɒdi] (宝 17067/18731 -1)
Vocabulary: shoddy
(once / 5937 pages)
adjn
Shoddy refers to poor materials or quality. Maybe you passed on buying a house because it leaned in an odd way and various and sundry parts were falling off. Sounds like both the materials and workmanship were shoddy.
Shoddy originally referred to something that looked high-quality but wasn’t. Later, a certain type of cloth made with leftover pieces and rags was called a shoddy. While shoddy often refers to materials or workmanship, questionable ethics can also be referred to as shoddy, as in the shoddy principles of a slumlord or the shoddy morals of someone who steals from their friends.
WORD FAMILY
shoddy: shoddier, shoddies, shoddiest, shoddily, shoddiness, shoddys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maybe the fund’s shoddy performance is not Smith’s fault, but he should not be rewarded as if he righted the ship.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Justice seems to be saying that shoddy products are the responsibility of the consumers who order them.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
The deals highlight the Justice Department’s efforts to hold European banks accountable for shoddy securities that contributed to the U.S. housing market collapse.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 劣质的; 假冒的; 卑劣的
n. 软再生毛; 冒充物; 虚骄假饰
级别：shoddier, shoddiest
分布：劣质的(87%)，劣质品(13%)
【记】读：稍低－质量稍微有一点儿低－劣质的
US ['ʃɑ:.di] disapproving
adjective
BADLY MADE 粗制滥造的
■badly and carelessly made, using low quality materials 粗制滥造的，劣质的
• shoddy goods 劣质产品
• shoddy workmanship 劣质工艺
UK ['ʃɒd.i] US ['ʃɑ:.di] disapproving
adjective
NOT RESPECTFUL 不尊重的
■showing little respect, thought and care 不尊重的，不关心的的
• They refused him sick pay when he was off ill, which is a shoddy way to treat an employee. 他生病休假时，他们拒绝付给他病假工资，这样对待员工也太冷漠了。
n. 赝品；冒牌货；假装粗俗
 - stumour, counterfeit
adj. 假冒的；劣质的；卑劣的
 - bad, tinpot

Word: decorum
Front: decorum
[dɪˈkɔ:rəm] (托宝 17060/20383)
Vocabulary: decorum
(once / 944 pages)
n
Decorum is proper and polite behavior. If you let out a big belch at a fancy dinner party, you're not showing much decorum.
This noun is from Latin decōrus "proper, becoming, handsome," from décor "beauty, grace," which is also the source of English décor. The corresponding adjective is decorous, meaning "well-behaved in a particular situation." Both decorum and decorous are often used to describe behavior in a classroom or courtroom.
WORD FAMILY
decorum: decorous, decorums, indecorum+/ decorous: decorously, decorousness, indecorous / indecorous: indecorously, indecorousness/indecorum: indecorums
USAGE EXAMPLES
They toured the Soviet sphere, and even further, and they projected a certain clean-cut morality and proper decorum, patriotism.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Dilution is key to a proper punch, not only to the flavor but to your guests’ sanity and decorum.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Speaker Edelstein defended the need for decorum in the legislature.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 端庄得体; 体统
分布：礼貌合宜(100%)
→来自词根dec, 美丽，得体，词源同decent, dignity.
【记】读：待客room，在room里面待客需要举止适宜
【反】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻）；impropriety（n 不适当；不得体）
US [-'kɔ:r.əm] formal
noun uncountable
■behaviour that is controlled, calm and polite 稳重，端庄
• As young ladies we were expected to act/behave with proper decorum. 人们认为我们年轻女子的行为举止应该沉稳端庄。
n. 礼仪；礼貌；端正；恪守礼仪
 - ceremony, protocol

Word: halibut
Front: halibut
[ˈhælɪbət] (17000/36787)
Back: n. （产于太平洋和大西洋的）大比目鱼
分布：大比目鱼(100%)
→hal-,神圣的，butt,比目鱼，词源同beat,击，打，比喻用法打成扁平状的。因这种鱼常在宗教节日吃而得名。
noun countable (plural halibut or halibuts)
■a big, flat sea fish which can be eaten 大比目鱼（可食用）
n. [鱼] 大比目鱼（复数halibut）
 - turbot, holibut

Word: drowsy
Front: drowsy
[ˈdraʊzi] (托 17024/15717 -1)
Vocabulary: drowsy
(once / 858 pages)
adj
Drowsy means sleepy and having low energy. When you’re sitting in the warm sunlight after a big lunch, and you’re so drowsy you can’t keep your eyes open, it’s not the right time to try organizing your desk.
Ah drowsy, a word that describes slow-moving lions and charming little towns equally well. It has a pleasant association to it, a nice cozy sleepiness, like the sort of feeling you have when you can’t exactly figure out why your eyes keep closing, they just do. Wine makes some people drowsy and a boring documentary will definitely do it to you. Drowsy comes from an Old English word meaning "falling," and has evolved into falling asleep.
WORD FAMILY
drowsy: drowsier, drowsiest, drowsily, drowsiness+/drowse: drowsed, drowses, drowsing, drowsy
USAGE EXAMPLES
He also played Gator in “Memphis,” Underling in “The Drowsy Chaperone” and Sebastian in “The Little Mermaid.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“I get drowsy while reading and have been able to go back to bed and fall asleep.”
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Such tabula rasa situations are also more plentiful these days than drowsy, overgrown estates.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 昏昏欲睡的; 沉寂的; 催眠的; 呆滞的
级别：drowsier, drowsiest
分布：昏昏欲睡的(63%)，令人昏昏欲睡的(20%)，寂静的(17%)
→来自dhreu, 滴，掉落，词源同drop, dreary. 引申义耷拉着头，打盹。
adjective
■being in a state between sleeping and being awake 睡意朦胧的，半梦半醒的，似睡非睡的
• The room is so warm it's making me feel drowsy. 房间非常暖和，让我有些昏昏欲睡。
adj. 昏昏欲睡的；沉寂的；催眠的
 - slumbrous, hypnogenetic

Word: scriptural
Front: scriptural
['skrɪptʃərəl] (17186/24006)
Back: adj. 手稿的，圣经的，依据圣经的
分布：圣经的(59%)，依据圣经的(41%)
ADJ
《圣经》中的;源自《圣经》的;根据《圣经》的
Scriptural is used to describe things that are written in or based on the Christian Bible.
例：...scriptural accounts of the process of salvation.《圣经》中关于灵魂得救的过程的记载
adj. 圣经的；手稿的；依据圣经的
 - Biblical

Word: floured
Front: floured
[f'laʊəd] (17174/45268)
Back: v. 在…上撒（或覆以）面粉( flour的过去式和过去分词 )
N-MASS
面粉
Flour is a white or brown powder that is made by grinding grain. It is used to make bread, cakes, and pastry.
VERB
给…裹上面粉;在…上撒以面粉
If you flour cooking equipment or food, you cover it with flour.
例：Lightly flour a rolling pin...在擀面杖上撒上薄薄的一层面粉。
例：Remove the dough from the bowl and put it on a floured surface.把面团从碗中取出，放在撒有面粉的台面上。

Word: millisecond
Front: millisecond
[ˈmɪlisekənd] (17013/22338)
Back: n. 毫秒
分布：毫秒(100%)
→milli-,毫，second,秒。
noun [C or] (written abbreviation ms) (msec)
■a unit of time which is equal to 0.001 seconds 毫秒（时间单位，＝1／1000秒）

Word: Quaker
Front: Quaker
['kweɪkə(r)] (15379/13064)
Back: n. 教友派信徒；贵格会教徒
分布：教友派信徒(100%)
→基督教分支Religious Society of Friends的别称。来自quake,颤抖，即在上帝前颤抖之意，来自该教创始人对其教徒的警告和规劝”tremble at the Word of the Lord”.
US [-kɚ] (also Friend)
noun countable
■a member of a Christian group called the Society of Friends, which does not have formal ceremonies or a formal system of beliefs, and which is strongly opposed to violence and war （基督教）贵格会教徒，公谊会教徒

Word: officiate
Front: officiate
[əˈfɪʃieɪt] (16985/20712)
Vocabulary: officiate
(once / 2233 pages)
v
To officiate is to preside over a ceremony, or to be the person in charge. At most weddings, a religious leader or judge officiates.
A rabbi might officiate during your cousin's wedding, or the happy couple might ask a friend to officiate. When an official acts in some official way, they also officiate. A referee, for example, officiates at a hockey game, and a town's mayor might officiate at the grand opening of a new library. Officiate, as of the seventeenth century, mainly meant "perform the duty of a priest," from the Latin root officium, "kindness," or "official duty," and also "church service."
WORD FAMILY
officiate: officiated, officiates, officiating, officiation+/ office: officer, offices, official, officiate / officer: officered, officering, officers/ official: officialdom, officialise, officialize, officially, officials, semiofficial, unofficial/officialdom: officialdoms/officialise: officialised/officialize: officialized/semiofficial: semiofficially/unofficial: unofficially
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was surprised Reggie Bush wasn’t on the field at some critical moments, and he was disappointed by defensive and officiating breakdowns.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Marshall Goldsmith, an executive coach, author and lifelong family friend of Ms. Kerr, officiated.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Her pop-up wedding company, Flora Pop, employs a trailer she built with all the fixings for actual weddings, and she is licensed to officiate.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 行使（职务）; 主持（宗教仪式）
时态：officiated, officiating, officiates
分布：执行职务(100%)
→来自office,办公室，办公地，-ate,使。引申词义履行职责，履行职务，主持等。
[ə'fɪʃ.i.eɪt] formal
verb intransitive
■to be in charge of or to lead a ceremony or other public event 主持（仪式或其他公众活动）
• A priest officiated at the wedding. 一位神父主持了婚礼。
vt. 主持（仪式）；行使（职务）；担任裁判
 - host, to chair

Word: jeez
Front: jeez
[dʒiːz] (16981/34163)
Back: int. 呀
→来自Jesus委婉语。
[dʒi:z] US slang
exclamation
■an expression of surprise or strong emotion （表示惊讶或强烈的感情）天哪，哎呀
• Jeez, don't yell at me - I'm just telling you what she said! 天哪，别对我大嚷大叫——我只是告诉你她说了些甚么！
int. 呀
 - ah, yah, yipe

Word: squabble
Front: squabble
[ˈskwɒbl] (托宝 17073/18512 -1)
Vocabulary: squabble
(once / 1979 pages)
nv
A squabble is a fight but not necessarily a serious one. When we squabble, we have a little argument, probably about something not too important.
Do you notice how squabble sounds kind of funny? That's a clue that a squabble is not the most serious kind of argument or fight. A loud, screaming fight would never be called a squabble. A small, silly discussion about something small or trivial is more of a squabble. Friends and family members squabble all the time.
WORD FAMILY
squabble: squabbled, squabbles, squabbling
USAGE EXAMPLES
And now, a year later, the Islamic center is still tied up in traffic-pattern objections and subdivision squabbles.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A 17-year-old girl fatally stabbed in a squabble over a cellphone.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
And except for neighborhood squabbles over fireworks use, he rarely hears about problems with the fireworks industry these days.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vi. （为小事而）争论，吵嘴; 搅乱（排好的铅字）
n. 争吵，口角
时态：squabbled, squabbling, squabbles
分布：争论(65%)，口角(35%)
US ['skwɑ:.bl] noun countable
■an argument over something that is not important 口角；（为琐事的）争吵
• Polly and Susie were having a squabble about who was going to hold the dog's lead. 波莉和苏茜在为谁来牵狗而争吵。
vi. 发生口角；大声争吵
 - altercate
vt. 弄乱（排好的铅字）
 - mess, disarrange
n. 争吵；口角
 - argument, brush, dispute

Word: spilled
Front: spilled
[spild] (17009/26523)
Back: v. 溢出( spill的过去式和过去分词 ); 泼出; 涌出; 蜂拥而出
分布：泄漏(59%)，溢出(18%)，洒(11%)，流(9%)，木片(2%)，小杆(1%)
V-ERG
(使)溢出;(使)泼出;(使)洒出
If a liquid spills or if you spill it, it accidentally flows over the edge of a container.
例：70,000 tonnes of oil spilled from the tanker...7 万吨油从油轮中溢了出来。
例：...water behind a dam, getting ready to spill over...大坝里的水随时都会溢出来
N-COUNT
溢出量;溢出物
A spill is an amount of liquid that has spilled from a container.
例：She wiped a spill of milkshake off the counter...她把洒出来的奶昔从柜台上擦掉。
例：An oil spill could be devastating for wildlife.溢出的油对野生动物来说可能是毁灭性的。
V-ERG
(使)(袋子、盒子等中盛放的东西)洒出，涌出
If the contents of a bag, box, or other container spill or are spilled, they come out of the container onto a surface.
例：A number of bags had split and were spilling their contents...有几只袋子裂开了，里面的东西撒了出来。
例：He carefully balanced the satchel so that its contents would not spill out onto the floor.他仔细地把小背包放好，不让里面的东西掉到地板上。
VERB
蜂拥而出
If people or things spill out of a place, they come out of it in large numbers.
例：Tears began to spill out of the boy's eyes...男孩的眼泪开始夺眶而出。
例：When the bell rings, more than 1,000 children spill from classrooms.当铃声响起时，1,000 多名孩子从教室里涌了出来。
V-ERG
（使）(光线)透进，洒落
If light spills or is spilled into a place, it shines brightly into it, usually through a gap.
例：She noticed the light spilling under Brian's door...她注意到布莱恩门底下透出的光。
例：The door swung open again, spilling light into the cell.门再次打开了，光照亮了小屋。
PHRASE
杀死;弄伤
If you spill someone's blood, you kill them or wound them.
例：He is prepared to spill the blood of a million people...他准备杀掉100万人。
例：If blood is spilled the countries will be at war.如果出现伤亡，这些国家就会进入交战状态。

Word: matinee
Front: matinee
['mætɪneɪ] (17046/22542)
Vocabulary: matinee
(once / 7715 pages)
n
An afternoon performance is called a matinee, like a matinee performance of a play that starts at two o’clock.
The noun matinee is related to French word matin, which means “morning.” From the 1930’s through the 1960’s, afternoon movies were the precursors to soap operas and the term “matinee idol” referred to the male heartthrobs who acted in them. Such men had many fans but they didn't have the critical respect of "prime time" actors. In many places, heading to a movie matinee is a way to save a few bucks; it's cheaper than evening ticket prices.
WORD FAMILY
matinee: matinees
USAGE EXAMPLES
The era of fedora hats, braces and brogues fits Affleck’s classic matinee idol good looks, too.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
He was Ike’s pal, an expert pilot and an advertising giant, a matinee idol, a course designer and a charity leader.
Golf Digest(Dec 27, 2016)
I joined him backstage at a matinee to see what it’s like between call-time and the moment the curtain starts to rise.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （剧场、影院等的）午后的演出，午场
分布：日场演出(100%)
→缩写自法语matinee musicale,清晨音乐会，来自法语matin,早晨，词源同matins,manana.后来引申词义日间，日场，最后用于指午场。
日场戏[matin=morning(早上)]
N-COUNT
(戏剧、电影的)下午场，午后场
A matinee is a performance of a play or a showing of a film which takes place in the afternoon.

Word: gallant
Front: gallant
[ˈgælənt] (托宝 17058/11906 -1)
Vocabulary: gallant
(once / 223 pages)
adjn
If you volunteered to deal with removing a huge, hairy spider from your bathroom ceiling, your whole family would be grateful for your gallant actions. The adjective gallant means "heroic or brave."
In the past, gallant was used to describe a man's behavior toward a woman, especially if he saved her from something or helped her with something she was unable to do on her own. It can still be used that way, but more often it describes any kind of bravery, and it is just as correct to describe a woman's bravery as gallant as it is a man's.
WORD FAMILY
gallant: gallanter, gallantest, gallantly, gallants, ungallant+/ungallant: ungallantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
When they lapsed, there were reports of “gallant troops” who “fought gamely” in a “battle royal” by means of “raids on entrenchments.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This is the most bracing song on Gallant’s beautiful debut album “Ology,” a collection of spacious R&B rooted in 1980s-inflected experimentation.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As the cavalier, he was gallant and sure; as Drosselmeier he combined mystery and playfulness.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 堂皇的; 壮丽的; 勇敢的; （对女子）献殷勤的
n. 时髦的青年男子; 对妇女献殷勤的男人; 情人
v. 向（女子）献殷勤
分布：英勇的(36%)，华丽的(25%)，献殷勤(13%)，雄伟的(11%)，时髦男士(5%)，求爱者(5%)，对女子殷勤的男士(5%)
→来自wel, 意愿，希望，词源同will.即按照自己的意愿做事的，勇敢的。
US [gə'lænt] adjective
BRAVE 勇敢的 formal approving
■showing no fear of dangerous or difficult things 英勇的；勇敢的；无畏的
• Despite fierce competition she made a gallant effort to win the first medal of the championships. 面对激烈的竞争，她顽强拼搏，终于夺得了锦标赛的首面奖牌。
UK ['gæl.ənt] US [gə'lænt] adjective
POLITE 礼貌的 formal
■(of a man) polite and kind towards women, especially when in public （尤指男子在公众场合）对女子殷勤有礼的
• That wasn't very gallant of you, Paul, pushing a young lady out of the way like that! 保罗，那样子推开一位年轻女士可真没风度。
adj. 英勇的，勇敢的；华丽的；雄伟的
 - bold, game, brave, magnificent

Word: wedlock
Front: wedlock
[ˈwedlɒk] (17039/32861)
Vocabulary: wedlock
(once / 3457 pages)
n
The noun wedlock means marriage; you might describe your newly-married sister as "entering the magical state of wedlock."
Wedlock is an old-fashioned word for matrimony, the state of being married. It comes up most often in the phrase "out of wedlock," when gossipers are describing a baby born to unmarried parents. Even though wedlock sounds like it would have a root meaning of "locked into marriage," it actually comes from the Old English wedlac, from wed, "pledge," and lac, which denotes action.
WORD FAMILY
wedlock: wedlocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also reportedly had several other children out of wedlock.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Democratic nominee Grover Cleveland had fathered a child out of wedlock.
Washington Times(Nov 15, 2016)
No one could have predicted that something like 70 percent of black births would be out of wedlock.
Salon(Nov 12, 2016)
Back: n. 结婚生活，婚姻，结婚的状态
分布：婚姻(77%)，已婚状态(23%)
→来自古英语wedlac,结婚誓言，wed,结婚，-lac,古英语状态名词后缀，受lock影响拼写俗化。
US [-lɑ:k] old use or humorous
noun uncountable
■the state of being married 已婚状态
n. 婚姻；已婚状况
 - Hymen, connubiality

Word: inasmuch
Front: inasmuch
[ɪnəz'mʌtʃ] (六 16991/-)
Back: adv. 由于，因为，古〉只要
分布：因为(68%)，由于(32%)

Word: co-chairman
Front: co-chairman
['kəʊtʃ'eəmən] None
Back: n. 联合主席，共同主席
分布：共同主席(100%)
n. 联合主席；共同主席
 - cochair

Word: unmatched
Front: unmatched
[ˌʌnˈmætʃt] (托 17076/20906)
Back: adj. 无敌的，无比的; 不相配的; 无前; 曾无与二
分布：无匹敌的(32%)，不相配的(30%)，不成对的(23%)，无配偶的(15%)
[ʌn'mætʃt] formal
adjective
■having no equal; better than any other of the same type 无可匹敌的，无双的，无与伦比的
• For years they have enjoyed a standard of living unmatched by any other country in Europe. 多年来，他们所享受的生活水准是欧洲其他任何国家都无法比拟的。
adj. 无与伦比的；不相配的；无匹敌的
 - uneaqualed, unrivalled

Word: eon
Front: eon
['i:ən] (17054/43207)
Vocabulary: eon
(once / 16577 pages)
1n 2n
An eon is a really, really, super-long, impossible-to-measure length of time. If you sit down to dinner hanging your head and moaning that it's been an eon since you ate anything, you’re exaggerating. Four hours ago is not an eon.
Eon goes back to the Greek aiōn, "age." An age is not easy to measure, and neither is an eon. Both are just really long periods of time, but in science an eon is about a billion years. You can use the noun eon for anything that takes a long while, including how long it will be before another planet collides with Earth or how many days until summer vacation starts — one is an eon, the other feels like an eon, or forever.
WORD FAMILY
eon: eonian, eons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first period made that seem like eons ago.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
We seem to be cosmically special, perhaps even unique — at least as far as we are likely to know for eons.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Scientists said Wednesday that Pluto may have rolled over on its axis eons ago, the result of tidal forces with jumbo moon Charon.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. (=aeon)世; 纪; 代; 无限长的时代
分布：永久(40%)，千万年(40%)，=aeon.(20%)
→来自aiw, 生命力，永恒，词源同young, age, eternity,longevity.
US [-ɑ:n] noun countable
■a period of time which is so long that it cannot be measured 极长的时期；万古
• informal I've been waiting eons for my new computer. 我期盼我的新电脑盼了好长时间了。
n. 永世；无数的年代；极长时期
 - eternity, aeon

Word: coast
Front: coast
[kəʊst] (中高研四六 2436/1854 -K4)
Vocabulary: coast
(once / 62 pages)
1n 2vn 3n
The noun coast describes the area where the land meets the sea — the seashore. When your mom says, "We're going to the coast," pack your bathing suit, because you'll be near the ocean.
Coast also has a verb form that describes an effortless movement, like when you're riding your bike down a hill and you don't have to pedal at all. It can also be used figuratively to describe something that's gained without much difficulty. You might coast to victory in the playoffs when your team wins 8-0 and is never threatened.
WORD FAMILY
coast: coastal, coasted, coaster, coasting, coasts+/coaster: coasters
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the second episode of heavy rain within days for some areas, especially along the Gulf Coast.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The search began Friday evening when the Coast Guard received a call that the Cessna disappeared from radar while en route to Molokai from Honolulu.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Okaloosa County Sheriff’s Office, fire department first responders, the Walton Sheriff’s Office, the Coast Guard and others assisted in searching for the man.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 海岸; 滑坡
vi. （汽车或自行车）（尤指不用动力向山坡下）滑行; （做事）不出力; 不费力地取得成功; （不用多少动力）快速平稳地移动
vt. 沿海岸航行
时态：coasted, coasting, coasts
分布：海岸(91%)，海滨(9%)
→来自拉丁语costa,肋骨，边，词源同costal,accost.词义由岸边引申为海岸。
n.海岸,海滨The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [koʊst] noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■the land next to or close to the sea 海岸；沿海地区
• Rimini is a thriving holiday resort on the east coast of Italy. 里米尼是义大利东岸一个繁华的渡假胜地。
• The accident happened three miles off the coast (= in the sea three miles from land). 意外发生在距离海岸三英里的海域。
• We spent a week by/on the coast (= by the sea). 我们在海滨渡过了一个星期。
coast to coast
■from one side of the country to the other 从（一国的）此岸到彼岸
• We travelled across America coast to coast. 我们的旅程横跨美国东西海岸。
■mainly US
■in every part of a country 全国各地
• The visiting politician received coast-to-coast media attention. 来访的政客受到全国媒体的关注。
UK [kəʊst] US [koʊst] noun countable
the coast is clear
■it is safe to do something or go somewhere because no one is watching or listening who would prevent you or catch you 已无危险；没有被发现（或抓住）的危险
• You can come out now, the coast is clear. 现在你可以出来了，危险已经过去。
UK [kəʊst] US [koʊst] verb intransitive
■to move forward in a vehicle without using the engine, usually down a hill （通常指下山时凭借惯性）滑行，下滑
• At the top of the hill I switched off the engine and we just coasted down the other side. 在山顶，我关上引擎，我们就沿着另一侧的山坡顺势滑行。
■to progress or succeed without any effort or difficulty 毫不费力取得进展；轻而易举取得胜利
• While I struggled, my sister coasted through school with top grades. 上学时我总觉得很吃力，而我妹妹却一路学得轻轻松松，成绩一直很优异。
shore, bank, seaside, beach, coast
这组词都有“岸”的意思，其区别是：
shore: 指紧靠大湖泊或海洋的陆地边缘或靠海的休养地。
bank: 多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
seaside: 尤指疗养地、游览地区的海边。
beach: 指倾斜度小，被海、湖或河水冲刷而有沙或卵石积存的地方。
coast: 地理学上的名词，专指被视为边界的沿海陆地的尽头。
vi. 滑行；沿岸航行
 - taxi
n. [海洋] 海岸；滑坡
 - rivage, seacoast

Word: gargantuan
Front: gargantuan
[gɑ:ˈgæntʃuən] (宝 17088/21834)
Vocabulary: gargantuan
(once / 11047 pages)
adj
Whether you're talking about your gargantuan appetite or a gargantuan building, use the word gargantuan to describe something so big that big just isn't, well, big enough to accurately describe it.
The word gargantuan can refer to an object that's physically massive in size or it can describe something that you perceive, like a feeling or an expectation. For example, you might have a gargantuan misunderstanding with your best friend. The word gargantuan came into English in the 16th century from Gargantua, a character in a series of French novels by the author Francois Rabelais. The books followed the adventures of two giants who were father and son.
WORD FAMILY
gargantuan: gargantuanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is a fraction of the roughly 3,700 megawatts produced at this gargantuan plant, the largest in the Lone Star State.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
On Wednesday, Yahoo disclosed a gargantuan breach affecting more than a billion user accounts, the largest such attack in history.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
The more Washington’s coach watches film of the Crimson Tide, the more he realizes the gargantuan task awaiting the Huskies.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 巨大的，庞大的
分布：庞大的(57%)，巨大的(43%)
→来自法语小说人名Gargantua,食人怪兽。来自gargle, 喉咙，漱口。
【源】源于Gargantua：法国讽刺作家拉伯雷（Rabelais）在其作品《巨人传》中所描写的一个食欲巨大的国王。
【记】gar鸭子的嘎嘎叫声，gan干，tuan团：能一边gargar叫一边干掉一个团－巨大的鸭子－巨大的，庞大的
【反】minuscule（adj 用草写小字写的；极小的）；minute（adj 微小的）
US [gɑ:r-] adjective
■very large 巨大的，庞大的
• a problem of gargantuan proportions 非常严重的问题
• a gargantuan appetite 极强的食欲
adj. 庞大的，巨大的
 - enormous, huge, tremendous, massive, macro

Word: suffuse
Front: suffuse
[səˈfju:z] (托宝 17080/19330)
Vocabulary: suffuse
(once / 2255 pages)
v
The verb suffuse means to spread and fill a space, like the way the smell of wildflowers might suffuse a meadow.
Suffuse is a synonym for steep. Like tea whose flavor grows stronger the more it steeps, when you suffuse something it spreads throughout until an area is full, or even overly full. Another synonym, infuse, looks a lot like suffuse. Both words come from the Latin word fundere, which means "to pour."
WORD FAMILY
suffuse: suffused, suffuses, suffusing, suffusion, suffusive+/ suffusion: suffusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The air is suddenly suffused with balsam, the smell of melancholy.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Suffused with wry humor, vulnerability and radiant warmth, Huppert’s performance captures that delicate period in life during which resignation morphs into graceful, even grateful, acceptance.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
World War II shaped and suffused their lives as surely and as thoroughly as the conflict shaped and suffused the nation’s.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. （指颜色、水气等）弥漫于，布满
时态：suffused, suffusing, suffuses
分布：充满(67%)，弥漫(25%)，遍布 ...(8%)
→suf-,在下，-fus,倾泻，流入，词源同 fusion,confuse.引申词义弥漫，充满。
弥漫,染遍(suf+fuse流→流下去→流遍,染遍)[suc-,suf-,sup-,sur-等在同辅音词根前表示"在…下面"]
充满;染遍(suf在下面,到处+fuse→到处流→充满)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
【记】suf下面，fuse流－在下面流的满地都是－弥漫
【参】effusive（adj 感情奔放的）
[sə'fju:z] literary
verb transitive often passive
■to spread through or over something completely 弥漫于；布满；充满
• His voice was low and suffused with passion. 他的嗓音低沉，饱含热情。
vt. 充满；弥漫
 - abound with, be imbued with

Word: lawless
Front: lawless
[ˈlɔ:ləs] (17085/19822 -1)
Vocabulary: lawless
(once / 903 pages)
adj
A lawless society is one without any rules or order. In some respects, the Old West era of the U.S. was a lawless time.
When you think of old-timey saloons and sheriffs and cowboys, you probably envision lawless bandits riding boldly into town — in other words, criminals accustomed to making their own rules, rather than following any established laws. A lawless city today is one that's in such chaos that order can't be kept, even by police officers. To be lawless is to be without law, which stems from the Old English lagu, "law or rule."
WORD FAMILY
lawless: lawlessness+/ law: lawful, lawless, laws, lawyer / lawful: lawfully, lawfulness, lawlessly, unlawful/lawlessness: lawlessnesses/ lawyer: lawyers/unlawful: unlawfully, unlawfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lawless, a nursing student, was found dead in her car in November 1992 near the Benton exit off Interstate 55.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In the words of fellow elector Tom Lawless: “Hell will freeze and we will be skating on the lava before I change.”
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The article echoed President-elect Trump’s consistent depiction of a lawless and overrun border.
The Guardian(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 违法的; 法律不及的; 无法无天的; 无艺
分布：无法无天的(89%)，违法的(11%)
US ['lɑ:-] adjective
■not controlled by laws, or illegal 不受法律控制的，无法无天的；违法的
• The film is set in a lawless city sometime in the future. 这部电影以未来某个不受法律控制的城市为背景。
adj. 非法的；无法律的
 - illegal, unauthorized, unlawful

Word: checkered
Front: checkered
['tʃekəd] (宝 17095/-)
Vocabulary: checkered
(once / 5637 pages)
adj
The author who sells a million copies of her first book, four of the second, wins a prize for the third and dies at the ceremony has had a checkered career: it's got bright spots and dark ones, like a checkerboard.
Checkered is a funny word; it can be used to describe the red and white pattern on a classic tablecloth or the up's and down's of someone's past. You could describe the flag that's waved at a Nascar event as checkered. And if the winning Nascar driver used to work at a car wash, you could say he has had a checkered career.
WORD FAMILY
checker: checkered, checkering, checkers +/ check: checked, checker, checking, checks, countercheck, uncheckable/checked: unchecked/countercheck: counterchecked, counterchecking, counterchecks
USAGE EXAMPLES
Add to that the checkered ethnic makeup of the chorus, and the Japanese setting becomes unobtrusive to the point of invisibility.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A half-century later, he told an interviewer: “It was one of the proudest things I did in my checkered life.”
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
“That’s one of the proudest things I’ve done in my checkered life.”
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 多变的
v. 使（某物）呈现方格图案或不同颜色或不同深浅的方格( checker的过去分词 )
分布：色彩多样的(25%)，动词checker的过去式和过去分词.(25%)，有大变化的(25%)，分成方格的(25%)
【记】check（v 检查，核对），er表示人，ed表示被动。时不时的被人检查，一会儿查出服用兴奋剂，一会儿查出吸毒，真是充满波折的一生。
US [-ɚd] adjective US for chequered
adj. 多变的；有方格的；多波折的
 - variable, polytropical

Word: aquaculture
Front: aquaculture
[ˈækwəkʌltʃə(r)] (17235/-)
Back: n. 水产业; 水产养殖
分布：水产养殖(74%)，水产业(26%)
→词根aqua, 水。Culture, 农耕，文化。
n. [水产] 水产养殖；水产业
 - aquiculture, fishery

Word: corona
Front: corona
[kəˈrəʊnə] (17199/35293)
Back: n. 日冕，日华
分布：电晕(57%)，日冕(40%)，冠状物(2%)，飞檐的上部(1%)
→词源同corolla, 花冠。因形似花冠而得名。
US [-'roʊ-] (plural coronas or coronae)
noun countable usually singular
■a circle of light that can sometimes be seen around the moon at night, or around the sun during an eclipse (= a situation when the moon is positioned exactly between the sun and the Earth) （指在日食期间的）日冕；月华
n. [物] 电晕；日冕；冠状物
 - sunglow

Word: signifier
Front: signifier
[ˈsɪgnɪfaɪə(r)] (17182/17727)
Back: 信号物
分布：表示者(51%)，记号(33%)，示意(16%)
n. 信号物，记号；表示者
 - marks, insignia

Word: spite
Front: spite
[spaɪt] (研四六宝 4179/14563 -K3)
Vocabulary: spite
(once / 82 pages)
nv
When your sister told you that you looked terrible in your new tube top, she may have been saying it out of spite, or in a deliberately mean or offensive way.
The noun spite means "a desire to offend." The word spite can also take the form of a verb, when it's used like this: "He only became a vegetarian to spite his cattle rancher father." Either way, spite implies a grudge, a desire to offend or hurt the feelings of someone by actions or words.
WORD FAMILY
spite: spited, spiteful, spites, spiting+/despiteful: despitefully/ spiteful: despiteful, spitefully, spitefulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In spite of his poor shooting night, Harden pulled up for a late three to squash a Wizards rally.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In spite of its proximity to Hollywood, it is not exactly star-studded.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Prison also offered unique ways for a little girl to spite her mother.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. 恶意; 怨恨; 恶事
vt. 向…表示恶意; 欺负; 刁难; 泄愤
时态：spited, spiting, spites
分布：恶意(39%)，怨恨(36%)，刁难(17%)，惹怒(4%)，冒犯(4%)
→缩写自 despite,怨恨，憎恨。
n.恶意;怨恨I had appetite for inviting the man who bit me despite I had spite against him.我有意邀请咬我的人,尽管我怨恨他.
【记】我对你有spite就会bite你。Spit（v 吐吐沫）使你spite
noun
DESPITE 不管
in spite of sth
 ADVANCED
■(used before one fact that makes another fact surprising) despite 尽管；不顾，不管
• In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday's match. 尽管里卡多有伤在身，星期六的比赛他仍然会出场。
in spite of yourself
■used when you do something which you do not intend to do and which you are trying not to do 不由自主地
• She started to laugh, in spite of herself. 她不由自主地笑了起来。
[spaɪt] noun
HURT 伤害
uncountable
■a feeling of anger towards someone that makes a person want to annoy, upset or hurt them, especially in a small way 恶意；怨恨
• He's the sort of man who would let down the tyres on your car just out of/from spite. 他是那种会为了泄愤而让你车胎泄气的人。
[spaɪt] verb transitive
■to intentionally annoy, upset or hurt someone 刁难；存心使苦恼；故意伤害
• I almost think he died without making a will just to spite his family. 连我都有些认为他死前不立遗嘱就是存心要为难他的家人。
n. 不顾；恶意；怨恨
 - regardless of, hatred
vt. 刁难；使恼怒
 - make a difficulty, exasperate

Word: unconcerned
Front: unconcerned
[ˌʌnkənˈsɜ:nd] (17100/14285 -1)
Vocabulary: unconcerned
(once / 2015 pages)
adj
If you're unconcerned, you don't care — you're just not that interested. It's not ideal for the principal of a high school to be unconcerned about bullying.
It can hurt your feelings when you sense that someone's unconcerned about your well being or happiness. A soccer coach might appear to be unconcerned about her players if she yells at them to get up and keep running whenever they fall and hurt themselves. The word can sometimes have a less callous meaning, when you're simply not worried about something: "I'm unconcerned about my SAT score — I'm sure I did fine."
WORD FAMILY
unconcerned: unconcernedly+/ concern: concerned, concerning, concerns, self-concern, unconcern/ concerned: concernedly, unconcerned /unconcern: unconcerns
USAGE EXAMPLES
We captured almost no salmon or trout, but the team seemed unconcerned.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
He won by branding his opponent a big-spending liberal, unconcerned about fiscal prudence.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The unconventional vetting procedures are in keeping with Trump’s presidential style thus far, unconcerned with tradition or business as usual.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不感兴趣的; 不相干的; 无关的
adv. 漠不关心地，无忧无虑地，不感兴趣地
n. 漠不关心，无忧无虑，不感兴趣
分布：不关心的(78%)，不忧虑的(22%)
US [-'sɝ:nd] adjective
■not worried or not interested, especially when you should be worried or interested （尤指应当担心或感兴趣时）不担心的，漠不关心的，无兴趣的
• The baby seemed quite unconcerned by the noise. 婴儿似乎一点儿也没受噪音影响。
• Are you as unconcerned about the situation as you appear? 你对局势真的像你表现出来的那样漠不关心吗？
adj. 不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的
 - incurious, unrelated

Word: retard
Front: retard
[rɪˈtɑ:d] (六托宝 17082/22219)
Vocabulary: retard
(once / 1102 pages)
vn
To retard something is to slow it down. A lack of fresh fruit and vegetables can retard the growth of a young child.
This word should be used with a lot of caution. Calling someone who's mentally retarded — or of low intelligence — a retard is considered very offensive by many people. That use should be avoided. On the other hand, this is a harmless word when used as a verb. While skiing, a heavy, bulky jacket could retard your progress down the mountain. Keeping a plant out of sunlight would retard its growth. When you see retard, think slow and "Use with caution."
WORD FAMILY
retard: retardation, retarded, retarding, retards+/ retardation: retardations/ retarded: retardedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He denies that it’s his voice on recordings that describe the disabled as “retards” and “dysfunctional.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She mocks liberal “snowflakes” as being overly sensitive to name-calling, but says she is bothered when people use the word “retard.”
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
The court ruled in 2002 that executing the “mentally retarded” violated the Constitution.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使减速，妨碍，阻止，推迟
vi. 减慢，受到阻滞
n. 减速，阻滞，延迟
时态：retarded, retarding, retards
分布：阻止(35%)，妨碍(28%)，减速(15%)，迟延(10%)，拖住(7%)，受到延迟(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-tard,缓慢，词源同 tardy.引申词义延缓，阻碍。
延迟,妨碍(re一再+tard→一再慢下来→延迟)[tard=slow,表示"慢"]
【记】re反复，tard迟缓－妨碍
【参】tardy（adj 缓慢的）；retarded（adj 智力迟钝的）
【反】speed up（加速）；accelerate（v 加速）；expedite（v 加速）；catalyze（v 催化；促进）；precipitate（v 促成）
US [-ˈtɑːrd] formal
■to make something slower 阻碍；减缓
• A rise in interest rates would severely retard economic growth. 利率提高会严重阻碍经济发展。
noun countable UK [ˈriː.tɑːd] US [-tɑːrd] offensive
■a stupid or mentally slow person 智力迟钝者；弱智；笨蛋
• I'm not playing with him, he's a total retard. 我才不跟他玩呢，他整个一大笨蛋。
vt. 延迟；阻止；妨碍；使减速
 - dispute, let, stem, block
n. 延迟；阻止
 - prevention, check, detention

Word: hyperbole
Front: hyperbole
[haɪˈpɜ:bəli] (宝 17093/19099)
Vocabulary: hyperbole
(once / 5166 pages)
n
Praising your favorite sports team is one thing, but if you call the team the most incredible group of humans ever to walk the earth, then you're going overboard and indulging in hyperbole.
The hyper- in hyperbole means "beyond," so it's a good sign that the word has to do with going above and beyond what's necessary. Someone who gets hyperactive about something and ends up hyperventilating (breathing too hard) might be prone to the exaggerated style of speaking known as hyperbole. If you find yourself talking about the absolutely best (or worst) thing of all time, it's time to take it down a notch and cut down on the hyperbole.
WORD FAMILY
hyperbole: hyperboles, hyperbolic, hyperbolise, hyperbolize+/ hyperbolic: hyperbolically/hyperbolize: hyperbolized, hyperbolizes, hyperbolizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
And with a week between each game, few things on this planet are as susceptible to overreaction and hyperbole as America’s most popular professional sport.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Reactive hyperbole may not be the best posture from which to intelligently and strategically fight Trumpism.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
And one of Reagan’s top economists once knocked the idea that higher revenue would result as “hyperbole.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <语>夸张法
分布：夸张法(100%)
→hyper-,超过的，向上的，-boll,扔，词源同ball,ballet,ballistic.即向上扔的，引申词义夸张。
夸张法(hyper+bole抛→活抛得高→夸张)[hyper-表示"超过,太多"]
【记】hyper过分，bole扔－扔得特牛－夸张法hyper高，bole＝ball：把ball踢得hyper－夸张法
【参】hyperactivity（n 活动过度；极度活跃）
【反】understatement（n 保守的陈述）
US [-'pɝ:-] noun uncountable formal
■a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are 夸张法
• The blurb on the back of the book was full of the usual hyperbole - 'enthralling', 'fascinating' and so on. 这本书的封底广告宣传全部都是一些司空见惯的夸张词语：“引人入胜”、“令人着迷”等等。

Word: theorem
Front: theorem
[ˈθɪərəm] (六 17159/10896)
Vocabulary: theorem
(once / 5949 pages)
n
A theorem is a proposition or statement that can be proven to be true every time. In mathematics, if you plug in the numbers, you can show a theorem is true.
Just as a theory is an idea that can be supported or disproved, a theorem is also an idea, but it's one that has been proven and can be demonstrated again and again if used properly. In math class, you might have learned some theorems. One example is the Pythagorean theorem, which can be represented as A squared plus B squared equals C squared. Although it’s usually used in math, theorems can be laws, rules, formulas, or even logical deductions.
WORD FAMILY
theorem: theorems
USAGE EXAMPLES
That would be nice, but the answer instead is that we’re running into a mathematical obstacle called Arrow’s impossibility theorem.
Slate(Oct 28, 2016)
And devising new math theorems has nothing to do with technical writing.
US News(Oct 21, 2016)
Weeks later, I stated and proved a theorem that his formal neurons could be configured to do what his networks needed.
Nature(Oct 04, 2016)
Back: n. [数] 定理; （能证明的）一般原理，公理，定律，法则
分布：定理(100%)
→来自希腊语 theorema,看，观察，来自 theorein,看，观察，词源同 theory,-ema,名词后缀。后 古希腊数学家欧几里德借用该词用来指数学上的待证假设，引申词义定理，法则等。
US ['θi:.ɚ.əm] specialized
noun countable
■(especially in mathematics) a formal statement that can be shown to be true by reasoning （尤指数学中的）定理
• a mathematical theorem 数学定理
law, principle, theorem, fundamental
这组词都有“原理、原则”的意思，其区别是：
law: 指一直公认的。陈述各种现象的条理或关系的公理或定理等。
principle: 普通用词，含义广。指作判断的基础或行动的普通准则；也指自然科学的规律。
theorem: 多指经过推理或演算能得到证明的原理、定理或定律。
fundamental: 通常指原理、原则。
n. [数] 定理；原理
 - mechanism, element

Word: considerate
Front: considerate
[kənˈsɪdərət] (高研四六托雅 17092/13960 -1)
Vocabulary: considerate
(once / 887 pages)
adj
Being considerate is being polite and caring. People like it when you're considerate of their feelings.
We could all probably be more considerate of others: this word means you're thinking of other people — considering them — and then treating them decently and with respect. It's considerate to say "please" and "thank you" to people. It's considerate to excuse yourself, rather than walking out and slamming the door. Asking someone how they feel is usually considerate. A considerate person is kind and thoughtful — a good person to know.
WORD FAMILY
considerate: considerately, considerateness, inconsiderate +/ inconsiderate: inconsiderately, inconsiderateness, inconsideratest/inconsiderateness: inconsideratenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Desmond Doss Sr. did not always receive considerate treatment in return.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Like many in the town, he is relying on government assistance, considerate banks and donations.
BBC(Nov 25, 2016)
We can all be a Force for Change by being more considerate of others in our daily lives.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 体贴的，体谅的; 深思熟虑; 到; 慎重
分布：体贴的(61%)，考虑周到的(22%)，体谅的(17%)
→来自consider, 考虑的。即精心考虑的，体贴的。
考虑周到的(consider+ate)[Sid=sit,表示"坐"]
考虑周到的(consider考虑)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
a.考虑周到的,体谅的Humane people are considerate of animals.慈悲为怀的人关心动物.
【记】consider考虑，ate吃：考虑别人的饮食－体贴周到的
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■kind and helpful 体贴的；周到的；关心的
• It wasn't very considerate of you to drink all the milk. 牛奶全给你喝光了，真不关心别人。
Opposite inconsiderate
considerate, considerable
considerate: 考虑周到的，体谅的。如：It was considerate of you not to trouble us.(你真体贴人，不打扰我们。)
considerable: 相当多的，可观的。如：He met a considerable amount of trouble.(他遇到了许多麻烦。)
cautious, considerate, alert
这组词都有“小心的，谨慎的”的意思，其区别是：
cautious: a.细心的，谨慎的。
 • He has a cautious attitude about spending money.   在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。
considerate: a.关心他人的，体贴的。
 • He is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.   他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。
alert: a.警惕的，留神的。
 • The hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.   女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。
considerate, thoughtful, attentive
这些形容词均含“关心的，体贴的”之意。
considerate: 指能设身处地为别人着想，给予同情或谅解。
thoughtful: 指为他人着想，主动关怀，做有益于他人的事。
attentive: 指对人关怀备至，热情周到，这可能出于真诚，也可能出于私利。
adj. 体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的
 - thoughtful, wary

Word: gawk
Front: gawk
[gɔ:k] (17051/47168)
Vocabulary: gawk
(once / 5322 pages)
vn
When you stare in amazement at something, you gawk at it. You might stand frozen in one position with your mouth and eyes wide open and gawk when you see a famous movie star on the street.
The verb gawk was first recorded in American English in 1785. It may have evolved from the word gaw, which came from the Middle English word gowen, meaning "to stare." When you gawk at something, you get completely absorbed in what you're looking at. It's usually not considered polite behavior to gawk at another person, especially if it's someone you find attractive. After all, staring is rude.
WORD FAMILY
gawk: gawked, gawker, gawking, gawks, gawky+/ gawker: gawkers/gawky: gawkier, gawkiest, gawkily, gawkiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the outdoor awards ceremony, everyone gawked at the two-handled Truck of Texas trophy.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Media trucks sat across the street, and motorists slowed to gawk at the building, whose ornate iron gates were draped with Christmas lights.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Less calming was my next stop: Rockefeller Center, massed with tourists gawking at the Christmas tree.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 呆子
v. 呆呆地看着
时态：gawked, gawking, gawks
分布：呆子(50%)，腼腆的人(30%)，呆呆地看着(20%)
→词源不详。可能来自古诺斯语ga, 凝视，瞪眼，词源同gaze.
US [gɑ:k/ (UK also gawp) informal
verb intransitive
■to look at something or someone in a stupid or rude way 呆头呆脑地看；无礼地瞪眼看
• Don't sit there gawking like that - give me a hand! 别坐在那里傻看啊——帮我一把！
• UK They just stood there gawping at me. 他们就站在那里呆呆地盯着我看。
n. 呆子；腼腆的人
 - nerd, booby

Word: tribulation
Front: tribulation
[ˌtrɪbjuˈleɪʃn] (托宝 17114/18974)
Vocabulary: tribulation
(once / 1953 pages)
n
Tribulation is suffering or trouble, usually resulting from oppression. The tribulations of a coal miner include a dangerous work environment, lung disease from black dust and a cramped, dark work space.
When you encounter the word tribulation, it will usually be in the company of the word trial as in, “She suffered many trials and tribulations as an early feminist.” The two words, while not identical, emphasize each other as they essentially mean testing and suffering. Tribulation comes from the Latin verb tribulare "to oppress, afflict."
WORD FAMILY
tribulation: tribulations+/tribulate: tribulated, tribulating, tribulation
USAGE EXAMPLES
By meticulously choreographing a pastiche of domestic bliss and quirky invention, Zuck’s “people” appear to be trying to shift the attention away from 2016’s tribulations.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
The tribulations of dating are a recurring ailment.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 18, 2016)
Shortly afterwards, he appeared on another TV programme, saying his "tribulations" were the work of his enemies.
BBC(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 苦难; 艰难; 苦难的缘由; 痛苦
分布：苦难(69%)，灾难(31%)
→来自拉丁语 tribulare,压制，镇压，折磨，来自 terere,转，刮，摩擦，词源同 turn,throw.-bul, 工具格后缀，词源同 table,tintinnabulation.引申词义忧患，痛苦磨难等。
[ˌtrɪb.jʊ'leɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■a problem or difficulty 苦难，艰难 See trials and tribulations at trial
n. 苦难；磨难；忧患
 - fire, hardship

Word: bowler
Front: bowler
[ˈbəʊlə(r)] (17066/5835 -2)
Back: n. （板球）投球手; 圆顶高帽
分布：投球手(63%)，圆礼帽(21%)，玩滚球的人(16%)
→词源同ball, 球。
US ['boʊ.lɚ] noun countable
PERSON 人
■someone who bowls (= throws the ball) , especially in cricket 板球投手
fast/pace bowler
■a bowler who bowls the ball fast 快速球投手
• It isn't easy to score runs against pace bowlers. 与快速球投手比赛得分不容易。
spin bowler
■a bowler who spins the ball so that when it hits the ground it bounces in an unexpected way, making it difficult to hit 旋转球投手
UK ['bəʊ.lər] US ['boʊ.lɚ] noun countable
HAT 帽子
■a bowler hat 常礼帽，圆顶高帽

Word: lockout
Front: lockout
[ˈlɒkaʊt] (17218/38542)
Vocabulary: lockout
(once / 13586 pages)
n
A lockout is a company's response to workers who are disputing conditions or planning a strike. During a lockout, managers don't allow workers to come to work until they agree to the company's terms of employment.
A lockout is sort of the opposite of a strike. During a strike, employees refuse to work until management agrees to compromise with them on issues like wages and working conditions. During a lockout, the company refuses to allow workers access to the workplace until they settle for the terms the owners and managers want to enforce. Sometimes just the threat of a lockout is enough to suppress protests and strikes.
WORD FAMILY
lockout: lockouts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their last victory in the holiday was in 2011 over the Celtics in what was the NBA season opener following a lockout.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Their last victory in the holiday was in 2011 over the Celtics in what was the NBA season opener following a lockout.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
In the end, both sides recognized that a lockout only would halt that momentum and growth.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 停工（业主为抵制工人的要求而停工）
分布：停工(89%)，关闭工厂(11%)
N-COUNT
（雇主）封厂，闭厂（以逼迫工人接受新的薪资或工作条件）
A lock-out is a situation in which employers close a place of work and prevent workers from entering it until the workers accept the employer's new proposals on pay or conditions of work.
n. 停工； [计] [自] 封锁
 - investment, stopwork

Word: second-generation
Front: second-generation
[ˈsekənd ˌdʒenəˈreiʃən] None
Back: 第二代
分布：第二代(100%)

Word: inflexible
Front: inflexible
[ɪnˈfleksəbl] (托 17102/13797 -1)
Vocabulary: inflexible
(once / 1593 pages)
adj
Something inflexible does not bend easily. A stiff back can make you inflexible, or unable to fold over and touch your toes. A really busy schedule can make you inflexible or unable to bend or accommodate your plans for others.
Combine the Latin root words in- meaning "not" and flectere, "to bend" and you have the very meaning of inflexible: not able to bend. Ballet is not for the inflexible or those people who simply are not bendy by nature. Compromise also is not for the inflexible, or those who are really rigid or set in their ways.
WORD FAMILY
inflexible: inflexibility, inflexibleness, inflexiblest, inflexibly+/ flex: flexed, flexes, flexible, flexing, flexure/ flexibility: flexibilities/ flexible: flexibility, flexibleness, flexibly, inflexible /flexure: flexures/ inflexibility: inflexibilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mortensen’s inflexible patriarch in the movie is an atheist who celebrates the birth of Noam Chomsky, not Jesus.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The French league submitted the case to its disciplinary commission, warning that it will be “inflexible” in dealing with the issue.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Although Trump still insists that he will secure the border, though, he is not inflexible about the exact method for doing so.
Salon(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 僵硬的，不可弯曲的; 不屈服的; 不能转变的; 坚定不移的
分布：顽固的(33%)，不可弯曲的(28%)，僵硬的(19%)，不可改变的(11%)，不容变更的(9%)
→in-,不，非，flexible,有弹性的。
不弯的,不屈的(in不+flexible→不弯曲的;不灵活的)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
usually disapproving
adjective
■(especially of opinions and rules) fixed and unable or unwilling to change （尤指意见和规则）不可改变的，不愿变更的
• The prime minister has adopted an inflexible position on immigration. 首相在移民问题上采取了强硬的立场。
• This type of computer is too slow and inflexible to meet many business needs. 这种电脑速度慢、应变功能弱，无法满足多种商业需要。
adj. 顽固的；不可弯曲的；不屈挠的；不能转变的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: docking
Front: docking
['dɒkɪŋ] (17041/36904)
Back: n. 入船坞; （航天器在轨道上的）对接
v. （使）船停靠码头( dock的现在分词 ); （使宇宙飞船在外层空间）对接; 减少; 扣除
分布：停靠(92%)，动词dock的现在分词形式.(4%)，扣工资(4%)
N-COUNT
码头;船坞
A dock is an enclosed area in a harbour where ships go to be loaded, unloaded, and repaired.
例：...the loading dock...装货码头
例：She headed for the docks, thinking that Ricardo might be hiding in one of the boats...她走向码头，想着里卡多可能正藏在其中一条船上。
V-ERG
（领）（船）入港;（使）（船）靠码头
When a ship docks or is docked, it is brought into a dock.
例：The vessel docked at Liverpool in April 1811...这艘轮船于 1811 年 4 月在利物浦靠岸。
例：Russian commanders docked a huge aircraft carrier in a Russian port...俄罗斯指挥官指挥一艘巨型航空母舰驶入一个俄罗斯港口。
V-RECIP-ERG
（使）(两飞行器)在太空对接
When one spacecraft docks or is docked with another, the two crafts join together in space.
例：The space shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir space station...亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞机计划与俄国和平号空间站对接。
例：They have docked a robot module alongside the orbiting space station...他们已经将一个自动操作舱与沿轨道运行的空间站并行对接上了。
N-COUNT
(供运货汽车或铁路货车装卸货物的)月台
A dock is a platform for loading vehicles or trains.
例：The truck left the loading dock with hoses still attached.卡车驶离装货月台时塑料水龙带还连在上面。
N-COUNT
(尤指私人拥有的)船只停泊区
A dock is a small structure at the edge of water where boats can tie up, especially one that is privately owned.
例：He had a house there and a dock and a little aluminum boat.他在那儿有一所房子、一个泊船的码头和一艘小铝船。
N-SING
(法庭上的)被告席
In a law court, the dock is where the person accused of a crime stands or sits.
例：What about the odd chance that you do put an innocent man in the dock?若是你真的把一个无辜的人送上被告席了呢？
VERB
扣除(工资);减掉(竞赛中选手的分数)
If you dock someone's wages or money, you take some of the money away. If you dock someone points in a contest, you take away some of the points that they have.
例：He threatens to dock her fee...他威胁要扣掉她的服务费。
例：To dock points would be wrong.扣分的判罚是错误的。
N-VAR
酸模(常见于英、美等北方国家，叶子可用于治疗荨麻刺伤)
A dock is a plant with large leaves which grows wild in Britain, the United States, and some other northern countries. Dock leaves are supposed to heal nettle stings.

Word: nominally
Front: nominally
['nɒmɪnəlɪ] (17091/14690)
Vocabulary: nominally
(once / 1654 pages)
adv
Something nominally true is true in name only. This refers to things that are only titles or formalities. It’s the opposite of "really."
Words with the root nom relate to names, and nominally refers to situations where someone has a name or title that doesn't carry a lot of weight. Former Presidents are still called Mr. President, but they only nominally hold that title; they aren't really acting presidents anymore. A separated couple might be nominally married, even though they never see each other. Nominally is like “not really.”
WORD FAMILY
nominal: binominal, nominalism, nominally, nominals+/nominalism: nominalisms, nominalist, nominalistic/nominalist: nominalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
They control northwest Yemen, while Hadi and forces nominally loyal to him oversee portions of the south and east.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Though both countries are nominally peaceful democracies, political feuds and ethnic and religious discrimination are widely cited as factors motivating some citizens to flee.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Yet, many of you -- nominally well-educated NYT readers -- believe the race problem in this country is over and that blacks "need to stop whining."
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 在名义上，表面地; 应名儿
分布：名义上地(55%)，有名无实地(45%)
ADJ
名义上的;有名无实的
You use nominal to indicate that someone or something is supposed to have a particular identity or status, but in reality does not have it.
例：As he was still not allowed to run a company, his wife became its nominal head...因为他仍未获准经营公司，他妻子成了名义上的老板。
例：I was brought up a nominal Christian.我成长为名不副实的基督徒。
ADJ
(价格或款项)微不足道的，象征性的
A nominal price or sum of money is very small in comparison with the real cost or value of the thing that is being bought or sold.
例：I am prepared to sell my shares at a nominal price...我做好了以极低价格卖掉自己股份的准备。
例：All the ferries carry bicycles free or for a nominal charge.所有的渡船都免费或以极低的收费运载自行车。
ADJ
(价值、比率或水平)名义的
In economics, the nominal value, rate, or level of something is the one expressed in terms of current prices or figures, without taking into account general changes in prices that take place over time.
例：Inflation would be lower and so nominal rates would be rather more attractive in real terms...通货膨胀会更低，因此名义利率换算成实际利率会更具吸引力。
例：In 1990 personal incomes grew a nominal 6.8 per cent.1990年个人收入名义上增长了6.8％。
adv. 名义上地；有名无实地
 - titularly

Word: inquisitive
Front: inquisitive
[ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv] (托宝 17122/14648 -1)
Vocabulary: inquisitive
(once / 1153 pages)
adj
If you are inquisitive that means you love to inquire; you’re always asking questions. Don’t become a private detective if you don’t have an inquisitive personality.
The old word for question is query, which you can hear in inquire, which means to ask questions. That toddler always asking “why?” is going through an inquisitive stage of development. If someone throws relentlessly hard questions at us, we might call it an inquisition. If your daughter brings her boyfriend home to dinner, be gently inquisitive, but try not to turn it into an inquisition. You'll just make him nervous.
WORD FAMILY
inquisitive: inquisitively, inquisitiveness, uninquisitive+/ inquire: inquired, inquirer, inquires, inquiring, inquiry, inquisitive /inquirer: inquirers/inquiring: inquiringly, inquirings, uninquiring/ inquiry: inquiries/uninquiring: uninquiringly/uninquisitive: uninquisitively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ali, a tall, inquisitive man, was well aware of the threat.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
They carried with them little more than their winter coats and an illustrated manuscript about an inquisitive monkey named Fifi.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
"These are not thinly politically disguised male characters, they are female: caring and compassionate, independent, smart and inquisitive," says Prof Napier.
BBC(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 好问的，好奇的; 爱打听的
n. 好询问的人; 爱打听别人事情的人
分布：好奇的(82%)，爱打听的(14%)，求知欲强的(4%)
→来自inquire,查询，询问，-s,过去分词后缀。引申词义问得过多的，好打听的，同时，也可作为褒义词指好学的。
过分好问的(in进入+quis问,寻求)[-itive表形容词"…的"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■wanting to discover as much as you can about things, sometimes in a way that annoys people 好问的；爱钻研的；好打听的
• an inquisitive child 好奇爱问的小孩
• an inquisitive mind 爱钻研的人
• She could see inquisitive faces looking out from the windows next door. 她可以看到一张张好奇的面孔从隔壁房子的窗户向外探望。
adj. 好奇的；好问的，爱打听的
 - curious, intrigued

Word: gendered
Front: gendered
['dʒendə(r)d] (17045/28498)
Back: adj. 依照性别而分类的
分布：性(55%)，性别(45%)

Word: goddamn
Front: goddamn
['gɒd'dæm] (7910/36303)
Back: adj. 该死的，讨厌的; 受诅咒的
分布：该死的(48%)，讨厌的(35%)，受诅咒的(17%)
US [ˌgɑ:d'dæm] exclamation adjective adverb
■used to add emphasis to what is being said （用于强调）该死，讨厌；极其，十足
• Goddamn (it) , how much longer will it take? 该死，这还要再花多长时间？
• Don't drive so goddamn fast! 别他妈的开这么快！
⇒ See also damn
adj. 该死的；讨厌的；受诅咒的
 - evil, rank, unpleasant

Word: unsustainable
Front: unsustainable
[ˌʌnsəˈsteɪnəbl] (17079/23150)
Back: adj. 不能证实的，不能成立的，不能支持的
分布：无法支撑的(40%)，无法维持的(33%)，不能持续的(27%)
adjective
■Something that is unsustainable cannot continue at the same rate 无法以同一速率持续的
• The level of spending on pensions is unsustainable. 这个养老金的开支水准不可能持续多久。
■causing damage to the environment by using more of something than can be replaced naturally 枯竭式开采资源的；不符合可持续发展的；不可持续的
• unsustainable fishing methods 竭泽而渔式的捕鱼方法

Word: uptown
Front: uptown
[ˌʌpˈtaʊn] (15276/39830 -1)
Back: adv. 在住宅区; 在非商业区
adj. 住宅区的
n. 住宅区; 远离商业区的市区
分布：住宅区(51%)，住宅区的(33%)，位于或向着住宅区地(16%)
→参照downtown词源。
[ˌʌp'taʊn] US
adverb adjective [before noun]
■in or towards the northern part of a city or town, especially if there is not much business or industry there 在（或往）城镇的北部（的）（尤指非商业区或非工业区）；在（或向）市郊（的）；离开市中心（的）
• We could walk uptown or we could take the train. 我们可以步行到城北，也可以坐火车去。
• I can get lunch in Chinatown for half of what it costs uptown. 我可以在唐人街吃午饭，花费只需市郊餐馆的一半。
Compare downtown
n. [建] 住宅区
 - residential area, residential block, residential section, residential lot
adj. [建] 住宅区的
 - dormitory

Word: velvety
Front: velvety
[ˈvelvəti] (17099/21842)
Vocabulary: velvety
(once / 3816 pages)
adj
Anything velvety is smooth or soft in some way, like creamy chocolate or a soothing voice.
Have you ever felt velvet? It’s one of the smoothest fabrics. That’s why you can use the word velvety not only for things that are like velvet, but for anything smooth, whether it’s a texture, sight, or sound. The soft fur of a puppy is velvety. A lounge singer’s gentle voice is velvety. A drink that goes down easily is velvety. If something is rough, jarring, jagged, or sharp in some way, it’s the opposite of velvety.
WORD FAMILY
velvet: velvets, velvety
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stocked with updated classics that keep the spotlight on his velvety voice, the album is now available to listen to on Spotify and iTunes.
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Yeast-derived spice and fruit aromas lead to a velvety body rich with the flavors of toasted malts and Belgian brewing sugars.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The Taiwanese are more velvety and satisfyingly robust in the lower registers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 天鹅绒般柔软的; 软绵绵
分布：醇和的(72%)，像天鹅绒般柔软光滑的(28%)
→来自velvet,天鹅绒，丝绒。
ADJ-GRADED
天鹅绒般的;柔软光滑的
If you describe something as velvety, you mean that it is pleasantly soft to touch and has the appearance or quality of velvet.
例：The grass grew thick and velvety...草长得又茂密又柔软。
例：I rubbed the velvety grooves inside the calf's ears.我摩挲着小牛耳朵里面柔软的凹槽。
adj. 天鹅绒般柔软的；醇和的，可口的
 - delicious, flavorful

Word: shuffle
Front: shuffle
[ˈʃʌfl] (托宝 7789/7124 -2)
Vocabulary: shuffle
(once / 658 pages)
1vn 2vn
To shuffle is to drag your feet slowly along the ground as you walk. A kid might shuffle reluctantly off to his room only after being told five times that it's bedtime.
Shuffle also means to wiggle around, like if you shuffle uncomfortably in your seat while watching a five-hour movie. If you get lost in the shuffle, you’re lost in the crowd. Another way to use shuffle is to mean "mix up in a random way," as you do with a deck of cards before dealing a hand. Shuffle probably comes from the Low German word schuffeln, which means both "to walk clumsily" and "to deal dishonestly."
WORD FAMILY
shuffle: reshuffle, shuffled, shuffler, shuffles, shuffling+/reshuffle: reshuffled, reshuffles, reshuffling/reshuffling: reshufflings/shuffler: shufflers/shuffling: shufflings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The majority of the issues that shuffled off their mortal coil were some combination of uninspired, unloved, unlucky and unfortunate, and deserved their fate.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
What if it’s so mysterious that it gets lost in the peak content shuffle?
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
When you shuffle across a carpeted floor in your stockinged feet, your body is collecting or shedding electrons and building up a charge, Hazen explains.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 洗牌; 曳脚而行; 搬移; 搁置，随手放
vi. 曳脚走; 跳曳步舞; 移动; 推诿
n. 洗牌，混乱，蒙混; 拖着脚走
时态：shuffled, shuffling, shuffles
分布：洗牌(60%)，拖着脚走(13%)，推诿(11%)，搅乱(7%)，拖曳(5%)，移来移去(2%)，搪塞(2%)
→可能来自中古英语 shovelen,拖着脚走，耷拉着脚，词源同 shove,推，-le,表反复。引申词义 洗牌，比喻义打乱次序等。
【记】读：杀父！这种行为值得犹豫，所以要拖步走和支吾其词
verb
WALK 走
intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to walk by pulling your feet slowly along the ground rather than lifting them 拖着脚走，曳足而行
• I love shuffling through the fallen leaves. 我喜欢在落叶上曳足而行。
• He shuffled into the kitchen, leaning on his walking stick. 他拄着手杖拖着脚走进厨房。
• Don't shuffle your feet like that! Lift them properly. 不要那样拖着脚走路！把脚抬起来。
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to move your feet or bottom around, while staying in the same place, especially because you are uncomfortable, nervous or embarrassed （因不适、紧张或尴尬而）坐立不安，把脚动来动去
• The woman in front of me kept shuffling around in her seat all the way through the performance. 演出期间，我前面的那个女人在座位上不停地动来动去。
• When I asked him where he'd been, he just looked at the ground and shuffled his feet. 我问他去了甚么地方时，他只是看着地面，不停地摆动双脚。
['ʃʌf.l] verb
MOVE AROUND 来回移动
transitive
■to move similar things from one position or place to another, often to give an appearance of activity when nothing useful is being done 把…搬来搬去；把…移来移去
• She shuffled her papers nervously on her desk. 她紧张地把桌上的文件移来移去。
• Many prisoners have to be shuffled around police stations because of prison overcrowding. 因为监狱过分拥挤，许多囚犯只得在警察局之间来回移转。
['ʃʌf.l] verb
MIX CARDS 洗牌
intransitive or transitive
■to mix a set of playing cards without seeing their values before beginning a game, so that their order is not known to any of the players 洗（牌）
• It's your turn to shuffle the cards. 该你洗牌了。
['ʃʌf.l] verb
shuffle off this mortal coil humorous
■to die 牺牲生命，捐躯
• My children can't wait for me to shuffle off this mortal coil so they can get their hands on their inheritance. 我的孩子不能等到我死后再取得遗产。
['ʃʌf.l] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] shuffle sth off literary
■to get rid of something unwanted, usually by giving it to someone else 摆脱；推开（不想要的东西，通常透过将之给予别人）
• Not until this turbulent region can shuffle off the burdens of the past will it be able to settle peacefully into the community of nations. 只有在这个动荡地区卸下其历史重担之后，它才能和平地建立一个民族共同体。
• The local authority may then try to shuffle these responsibilities off onto another authority. 然后这个当地部门可能想将这些责任推给另一个部门。
['ʃʌf.l] noun
MOVE AROUND 来回移动
countable
■when things are moved around from one position to another 变换位置；移动
• She gave her papers a quick shuffle. 她迅速地把档挪了一下位置。
countable mainly US * a reshuffle
['ʃʌf.l] noun
MIX CARDS 洗牌
countable
■when you mix a set of playing cards before giving them out 洗牌；洗纸牌
• Make sure you give the cards a good shuffle before you deal. 发牌前一定要好好洗洗牌。
['ʃʌf.l] noun
WALK 走
only singular
■when you walk by pulling your feet slowly along the ground rather than lifting them 拖着脚走，曳足而行
• He's got arthritis and walks with a shuffle. 他得了关节炎，走路时拖着脚。
v. 洗牌；推诿，推卸；拖曳，慢吞吞地走；搅乱
 - shift off
n. 洗牌，洗纸牌；混乱，蒙混；拖着脚走
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: uplift
Front: uplift
[ˈʌplɪft] (17108/12721)
Back: vt. 举起; 振作; （社会、道德等）发展; 使上升
vi. 上升，升起
n. 进步; 乳罩
时态：uplifted, uplifting, uplifts
分布：鼓舞(100%)
noun uncountable /ˈʌp.lɪft/
IMPROVEMENT 改善 slightly formal
■improvement of a person's moral or spiritual condition （道德境界的）提升，促进；（精神上的）鼓舞，振作
• We are counting on your speech, bishop, to give some moral uplift to the delegates. 主教，我们寄希望于您的演讲能够提升代表们的道德境界。
noun uncountable /ˈʌp.lɪft/
SUPPORT 支撑
■support for a woman's breasts that is provided by her clothes （女装对乳房的）支撑作用
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
IMPROVE 改善
■to improve a person's moral or spiritual condition 改善（道德或精神方面的状况）
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
RAISE 提高 specialized
■to raise something to a higher position 抬起；提起；抬高
verb transitive /ʌpˈlɪft/
COLLECT 集聚 Scottish to collect goods or people from one place, in order to take them to another （车辆）接纳（货物或乘客）
• Coaches will set down and uplift passengers only as directed by the police in the streets mentioned. 在上述街道，长途汽车只能在警方指定的地点让乘客上下车。
vt. 提高；抬起
 - enhance, step up
vi. 提高；上升；升起
 - arise, raise, lift, go up, climb
n. 举起，抬起；道德的向上；精神的高涨
 - up with, lift

Word: knitting
Front: knitting
[ˈnɪtɪŋ] (17030/5860 -K1)
Back: n. 编结物; 接合，联合; [外科]骨愈合
v. （使）愈合( knit的现在分词); 编结，编织; （使）紧密地结合; 织平针
分布：编织(90%)，编织物(9%)，动词knit的现在分词.(1%)
US ['nitˌ-] noun uncountable
■the activity of knitting something, or a thing that is being knitted 编织；编织物
• I'm hopeless at knitting. 我怎么也学不会编织。
• She takes her knitting with her everywhere. 她去哪里都随身带着编织物。
n. [纺] 针织；编织物； [外科] 骨愈合
 - basketwork, braided fabric
v. 编织；皱眉（knit的ing形式）
 - weaving

Word: CPA

Word: frailty
Front: frailty
[ˈfreɪlti] (17111/14087)
Vocabulary: frailty
(once / 2567 pages)
n
Frailty describes a quality that's shared by a sick kitten, an elderly man, and a shoddily built go cart. They all have a delicate weakness or vulnerability and seem to require some kind of care.
The Old French fraileté, or "weakness" is the root of frailty, and it in turn comes from the Latin word for "fragile," fragilis. What's interesting is that "fragility" was used in the 14th century to mean a kind of moral, rather than physical, weakness. Today frailty can be used this way too, to describe a state of having shaky — or fragile — morals.
WORD FAMILY
frailty: frailties
USAGE EXAMPLES
This puts you at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies and frailty, and it raises the prospect of an earlier-than-expected death.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Serial anthologies that move through tangentially linked sets of characters and share a sympathetic view of human difference and frailty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But just as defensive frailties persisted in the visitors from last weekend, the same was true of the hosts.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 脆弱; 虚弱; （性格或行为上的）弱点; 缺点
分布：脆弱(46%)，弱点(27%)，虚弱(22%)，意志薄弱(5%)
脆弱,意志薄弱(frail+ty)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
脆弱(frail脆弱的)[-ty表名词,用在形容词后,把形容词变成名词]
【反】hardness（n 硬；艰难）
US [-tˌi] noun
uncountable
■weakness and lack of health or strength 脆弱；虚弱
• Though ill for most of her life, physical frailty never stopped her from working. 尽管她一生中大部分时间都病魔缠身，但身体上的虚弱从未使她停止工作。
countable or uncountable
■moral weakness （道德上的）弱点，缺点
• Most of the characters in the novel exhibit those common human frailties - ignorance and greed. 这部小说中的大多数人物都显露出了人类共同的弱点——无知和贪婪。
• Tolerant of human frailty in whatever form, she almost never judged people. 她对人性的各种弱点都能够包容，几乎从不评价他人。
n. 虚弱；弱点；意志薄弱
 - weakness, infirmness

Word: mathematically
Front: mathematically
[ˌmæθə'mætɪklɪ] (17061/15474)
Back: adv. 算术地
分布：精确地(67%)，以数学(33%)
ADJ
数学的;数学方面的
Something that is mathematical involves numbers and calculations.
例：...mathematical calculations...数学计算
例：Given the sheer number of stars that exist it's a mathematical certainty that there is life on other planets.考虑到现有星球数量，从数学的角度来说，其他行星上面肯定存在生命。
ADJ-GRADED
(具有)数学(头脑)的;运算能力强的
If you have mathematical abilities or a mathematical mind, you are clever at doing calculations or understanding problems that involve numbers.
例：...children who display extraordinary mathematical ability.显示出不凡的数学能力的儿童
例：...a mathematical genius.数学天才

Word: inaccuracy
Front: inaccuracy
[ɪn'ækjərəsɪ] (17112/14136)
Vocabulary: inaccuracy
(once / 1203 pages)
n
Inaccuracy is the quality of having errors. A travel guide to Iowa's capital, Pearis, population 413, home of the Dallas Cowboys baseball team, would be plagued by inaccuracy.
A typical book contains tens of thousands, sometimes hundreds of thousands of words (the Harry Potter series has more than a million). Every single one has to be checked to prevent inaccuracy, so publishers employ production editors, copy editors, fact checkers, and proofreaders to verify spelling, grammar, sense, logic, truth, and arithmetic. In school, "check your work" means look for — and correct — any inaccuracy.
WORD FAMILY
inaccuracy: inaccuracies+/ accuracy: accuracies, inaccuracy / accurate: accuracy, accurately, accuratest, inaccurate / inaccurate: inaccurately
USAGE EXAMPLES
When we’re being criticized by someone who wants an apology, we automatically listen for the inaccuracies, distortions and exaggerations that will inevitably be there.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
His sloppy mechanics caused inaccuracy and inconsistency every week.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Quarterback Blake Bortles was mostly a mess, his sloppy mechanics causing inaccuracy every week.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 不准确，误差; 不准确的说法
分布：不准确(52%)，错误(48%)
US [-jɚ.ə-] noun countable or uncountable
■when a fact or measurement is not completely correct or exact 不准确性；不精确性
• The film is full of historical inaccuracies. 这部影片中许多地方与历史不符。
• The inaccuracy of the missiles greatly diminishes their effectiveness. 这些导弹的不精确性大大减弱了其效果。
n. 错误；不精确
 - error, mistake, fault

Word: peptide
Front: peptide
[ˈpeptaɪd] (17188/8389)
Back: n. <生化>肽，缩氨酸
分布：肽(100%)
→来自peptic,消化的，-ide,表相关性。用于化学名词肽。
noun countable specialized
■a chemical compound that is made of a small chain of two more more amino acids 肽（两个或多个胺基酸小链构成的一种化合物）

Word: rafting
Front: rafting
[ˈrɑ:ftɪŋ] (17044/27836)
Back: n. 筏运; 筏流; 排运; 合金
分布：名词(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
（乘筏）漂流
Rafting is the sport of travelling down a river on a raft.
例：...water sports such as boating, fishing, and rafting.划船、钓鱼、漂流等水上运动

Word: paratrooper
Front: paratrooper
[ˈpærətru:pə(r)] (17047/23496 -1)
Vocabulary: paratrooper
(once / 10260 pages)
n
Paratrooper are soldiers who drop from airplanes via parachutes.
A paratrooper isn't anything like a paralegal or paramedic. Rather, a paratrooper is a trooper (soldier) who uses a parachute. Paratroopers drop from airplanes into combat zones and other areas. Paratroopers might bring supplies to an area, or they could be part of an attack on somewhere, such as a terrorist hideout. If you want to be a paratrooper, you'd better be comfortable flying on planes and then jumping out of them. You'd also better hope your parachute opens.
WORD FAMILY
paratrooper: paratroopers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The former paratrooper was in a coma for six weeks and suffered leg injuries and multiple organ failures after catching the rare infection.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
“It’s a mistake,” said Michael Pregent, a former Army paratrooper who served in Iraq and is now an Iraq expert at the Washington-based Hudson Institute.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
His training as a paratrooper and an explosives expert provided a new sense of purpose.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 伞兵
分布：伞兵(100%)
→来自parachute和trooper的合成词。
N-COUNT
伞兵；空降兵
Paratroopers are soldiers who are trained to be dropped by parachute into battle or into enemy territory.
n. 伞兵
 - skytrooper, trooper

Word: dopamine
Front: dopamine
[ˈdəʊpəmi:n] (17237/38279)
Back: n. <生化>多巴胺
分布：名词(100%)

Word: maximal
Front: maximal
[ˈmæksɪml] (17160/17593)
Vocabulary: maximal
(once / 86273 pages)
adj
Maximal means the greatest, best, or largest amount of something. The maximal speed of your friend's junky car might be forty miles per hour.
The adjective maximal is the opposite of the more common minimal. Your idea of sleeping in maximal comfort might include a soft comforter and lots of pillows, and you might try, when you're running on a treadmill, to get your heartbeat to its maximal rate for several minutes. Maximal has a Latin root, maximus, or "greatest," which in turn comes from magnus, "great or large."
WORD FAMILY
maximal: maximally
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the muscle of the heart loses its ability to pump blood at maximal efficiency, we call it heart failure.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
The first is a clinically silent exponential phase, the rate of which is not limited by PrPC concentration, that rapidly reaches a maximal prion titre.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
He funnels others’ work and money into projects, from which he sucks maximal personal benefit.
New York Times(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 尺寸最大的，最高的，持续时间最长的
分布：最大的(79%)，最高的(21%)
→来自maximum,最大，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective specialized
■largest or greatest 最大的；最高的
• Forty degrees centigrade is the maximal temperature at which this chemical reaction will occur. 如果要这种化学反应发生，温度就不能超过摄氏40度。
Compare minimal
adj. 最高的， [数] 最大的；最全面的
 - highest, biggest, largest, supreme, peak

Word: sunlit
Front: sunlit
[ˈsʌnlɪt] (托 16959/20191)
Back: adj. 阳光照射的; 日耀
分布：被日光照射的(100%)
adjective
■(of a room, etc.) receiving a lot of light from the sun （房间等）阳光充足的，阳光照耀的
• a sunlit room/courtyard/patio 阳光充足的房间／庭院／露台

Word: physiologist
Front: physiologist
[ˌfɪziˈɒlədʒɪst] (17050/26614)
Back: n. 生理学者
分布：生理学家(100%)
→来自physiology,生理学，-ist,人。
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun countable
■a person who studies physiology 生理学家

Word: maestro
Front: maestro
[ˈmaɪstrəʊ] (宝 17118/19890 -1)
Vocabulary: maestro
(once / 3260 pages)
n
A maestro is an artistic master: someone who is skilled enough to be considered an artistic genius.
Taking one music class or art class can teach you a lot, but it won't make you a maestro. Maestro (which comes from Italian) is reserved for people with an enormous amount of skill and talent. This word can apply to any type of artist — and sometimes, to people with impressive skills in other areas — but it's most commonly applied to musicians. Master composers, pianists, cellists, guitarists, and conductors are often called maestros.
WORD FAMILY
maestro: maestri, maestros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maestro Palombella was appointed by Pope Benedict in 2010 under strict instruction to transform this ancient institution into a world-class choir.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Maestri said the Commission over-estimated the importance of the company's European headquarters in Cork in the south of Ireland.
Reuters(Dec 18, 2016)
The comic highlight of this day waning into evening comes when Maestro Mann goes to open a stage door but can’t.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. <意>音乐大师（尤指名指挥）; 艺术大师; 乐队指挥; （球队等的）领队
分布：艺术大师(84%)，名作曲家(16%)
→来自master的意大利语拼写形式。
音乐大师(maestro+master)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】源于：master（n 主人），o结尾的单词是意大利单词，表示艺术。
US [-stroʊ] noun countable (plural maestros or maestri)
■a man who is very skilled at playing or conducting (= directing the performance of) music 杰出的演奏家（或指挥家）；大师
n. 大师；名家；大音乐家
 - artist, Morenu

Word: ladle
Front: ladle
[ˈleɪdl] (17083/26293)
Vocabulary: ladle
(once / 3596 pages)
nv
A ladle is a large spoon with a deep bowl for scooping and serving soup and other liquids. If you make clam chowder, it might be messy to serve it without using a ladle.
The serving implement is called a ladle, and you can also use this word as a verb: "Will you ladle some of that tomato soup into my bowl?" The Old English version was hlædel, from hladan, "to load," plus the "tool" suffix -le (like in thimble or handle).
WORD FAMILY
ladle: ladled, ladles, ladling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skim the fat off the top with a ladle and discard.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The larger the toxic stew in the pit, the larger the ladle needed.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Ladle into cups and pop on to a little tray for bedtime.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 长柄勺
vt. （用勺）舀或盛很多（食物）; 慷慨地施予某物
时态：ladled, ladling, ladles
分布：杓子(53%)，长柄杓(26%)，以杓舀取(21%)
→来自lade,装载，-le,小词后缀。用来指长柄勺。
noun countable
■a very big spoon with a long handle and a deep cup-shaped part, used especially for serving soup （尤指盛汤用的）大汤匙
• a soup ladle 大汤匙
['leɪ.dl] verb transitive (also ladle out)
■to put soup or other liquid food into bowls to give to people, using a ladle （用汤匙）盛，舀
['leɪ.dl] verb transitive (also ladle out)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ladle sth out informal
■to give money or goods in a (too) generous way to a lot of people （过于）大量地给予（钱或物）
• In those days doctors ladled out antibiotics to patients. 那时候医生给患者使用大量的抗生素。
n. 钢水包；杓子；长柄杓
 - piggin

Word: sturgeon
Front: sturgeon
[ˈstɜ:dʒən] (17256/38164)
Back: n. 鲟
分布：鲟鱼(100%)
→来自中古英语 sturgiun,鲟鱼，来自古法语 esturgeon,鲟鱼，来自 Proto-Germanic*sturjo,鲟鱼， 可能来自 stwer,旋转，转动，词源同 stir,turn.其词义演变可能是因为这种鱼在水底沙质 层搅拌觅食而得名。
US ['stɝ:-] noun countable
■a type of fish which lives in northern parts of the world and is usually caught for its eggs, which are eaten as caviar 鲟鱼（产于北半球，通常以取卵制作鱼子酱为捕捞目的）

Word: constructivist
Front: constructivist
[kən'strʌktɪvɪst] (17130/30359)
Back: n. 构成主义者
分布：构成主义者(75%)，构成主义者的(25%)

Word: futurist
Front: futurist
['fju:tʃərɪst] (17244/38389)
Vocabulary: futurist
(once / 15291 pages)
nadj
A futurist is someone who studies and predicts events in the future. A futurist might predict, based on past and current trends, which brands of cars will be most popular in 30 years.
There are many different kinds of futurists, from scientists who forecast the future effects of climate change to marketers who try to anticipate what teenagers will be desperate to spend money on in five years. All futurists have in common a focus on the future — and sociologists who are futurists call their field futurology. The earliest definition of futurism referred to the early 20th century art movement known as futurism.
WORD FAMILY
futurist: futurists+/ future: futureless, futurely, futures, futurism, futurity/futurism: futurisms, futurist, futuristic / futuristic: futuristically/futurity: futurities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many futurists are convinced that, now more than ever, everyone needs to start thinking the way they do.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Italian colonizers long ago filled the city with fantastical modernist and futurist architecture.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
He describes himself instead as a “futurist, strategist, author, bassist.”
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 未来主义者，未来派艺术家
分布：未来主义者(40%)，未来学家(36%)，未来主义的(16%)，未来派的(8%)
N-COUNT
未来主义者;未来派艺术家;未来派作家
Futurists were artists and writers who were followers of futurism.
N-COUNT
预测未来的人;未来学家
A futurist is someone who makes predictions about what is going to happen, on the basis of facts about what is happening now.
例：Futurists agree that these trends will grow as telecommunications networks become cheaper and more efficient.未来学家一致认为，随着电信网络资费的降低和效率的提高，这些趋势将会越来越明显。

Word: mutilation
Front: mutilation
[ˌmju:tɪ'leɪʃn] (17127/19081)
Back: n. 切断，毁损
分布：毁损(73%)，切断(27%)
VERB
使残缺不全;使受到严重损伤
If a person or animal is mutilated, their body is severely damaged, usually by someone who physically attacks them.
例：More than 30 horses have been mutilated in the last nine months...在过去9个月里，超过30匹马受了重伤。
例：He tortured and mutilated six young men...他严刑拷问了6名年轻男子。
VERB
(故意)毁坏，破坏
If something is mutilated, it is deliberately damaged or spoiled.
例：Brecht's verdict was that his screenplay had been mutilated...布雷赫特的结论是他的电影剧本已被窜改。
例：I discovered a mutilated cassette stuffed in a wastebasket.我发现一盘被弄坏的盒式磁带丢在废纸篓里。
n. 毁损；残缺；切断
 - derogation, slicing

Word: brownstone
Front: brownstone
[ˈbraʊnstəʊn] (17070/43056)
Back: n. 褐色砂石，赤褐色砂石建筑
adj. 上流社会的，富有阶级的
分布：赤褐色砂石建筑(59%)，赤褐色砂石(41%)
US [-stoʊn] mainly US
noun countable
■a house with its front built of a reddish brown stone, especially common in New York City （尤多见于纽约的）外墙为褐沙石的房屋
adj. 上流社会的；富有阶级的
 - fashionable, top-hat

Word: balmy
Front: balmy
[ˈbɑ:mi] (托宝 17136/20328)
Vocabulary: balmy
(once / 2220 pages)
1adj 2adj
Tourists who flock from Minnesota to Florida in the wintertime are hoping for balmy weather — that is, those frosty Midwesterners are trading mountains of snow and freezing winds for warm sun and gentle breezes.
ChapStick and nice weather might not seem to have much in common, but consider this: Both are soothing and restorative. The adjective balmy is, indeed, related to the noun balm (as in, "lip balm") and both share a wonderfully rich etymology: "Balm" made its way from Hebrew to English via Greek, Latin, and Old French. Just as the noun is used in the names of aromatic unguents and plants with healing properties, the adjective balmy is used to describe weather so pleasant that it's positively therapeutic.
WORD FAMILY
balmy: balmier, balmiest, balmily, balminess+/ balm: balms, balmy
USAGE EXAMPLES
On a balmy autumn day, I drove through Lebanon’s Bekaa Valley toward a front line with the Islamic State.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
It is a balmy afternoon in Pasadena, California, with winter sunshine flooding the hotel terrace.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
On a balmy afternoon, Patrick Emery was preparing to play a round of golf.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. （指空气）暖和的; 温暖的; 芳香的; 能止痛的
级别：balmier, balmiest
分布：温和的(56%)，芳香的(32%)，古怪的(12%)
芬芳的;温和的(balm+y)[balm=balsam,表示"香油"]
【记】源于：balm
【反】inclement（adj 恶劣的）；piquant（adj 辛辣的）
adjective
■(of weather) pleasantly warm （气候）温和宜人的
• a balmy summer evening 宜人的夏夜
adj. 芳香的；温和的；止痛的
 - pacific, sweet, soft, moderate, gentle

Word: desolation
Front: desolation
[ˌdesəˈleɪʃn] (17109/14579)
Vocabulary: desolation
(once / 717 pages)
n
Desolation is emptiness and hopelessness. It can describe a poor, dirty, treeless town or a broken heart.
Desolation is depressing and bleak. People arriving at the scenes of natural disasters, like tornadoes, often speak about the desolation around them. They usually are talking about the destruction, but they also implying a sense of emptiness and hopelessness. Other times desolation describes bleak, ugly landscapes: cold, snowy, lonely towns in New Hampshire or hot, dusty, empty towns in Nevada. You know desolation when you see it, because you feel hollow and lonely inside.
WORD FAMILY
desolation: desolations+/ desolate: desolated, desolately, desolates, desolating, desolatingly, desolation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Buzz Aldrin, for instance, described the lunar landscape as a vision of “magnificent desolation,” a grand phrase for a bleak truth.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
To be sure, the neighborhoods we visited are in a chilling state of desolation.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
In his memoir, “Magnificent Desolation,” he recounts a period of ruinous drinking and clinical depression after his time in space.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 遗弃; 荒凉; 破坏; 凄凉
分布：荒凉(40%)，凄凉(26%)，荒芜(19%)，孤寂(15%)
荒芜,荒凉(desolate＋ion)[Sol=alone,表示"单独"]
noun uncountable
EMPTINESS 空旷
■the state of a place that is empty or where everything has been destroyed 荒芜；荒废；荒凉
• a scene of desolation 荒凉的景象
[ˌdes.əl'eɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
SADNESS 凄凉
■the state of feeling sad and lonely 孤寂的；伤心寂寞的
• a feeling of utter desolation 万分凄凉之感
n. 荒芜；忧伤；孤寂；废墟
 - grief, relic

Word: allay
Front: allay
[əˈleɪ] (宝 17138/14151 -1)
Vocabulary: allay
(once / 1403 pages)
v
The verb allay is used when you want to make something better or eliminate fears and concerns.
When you allay something, you are calming it or reducing difficulties. It is used commonly in the context of to allay concerns and to comfort and some of its many synonyms are alleviate, decrease, mitigate, assuage and mollify. Allay comes from the Old English word alecgan, which means "to put down," as in literally "to lighten." So, if you can allay someone's fears, you are lightening their mood!
WORD FAMILY
allay: allayed, allayer, allaying, allays
USAGE EXAMPLES
I need that to allay my anxiety, as I continue to fight my case in the courts, trying to find my way back home.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The incident will do little to allay fears that the Osprey is accident prone.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Only monitoring by the United Nations or other external bodies would allay the suspicion that widespread crimes may be underway, Mr. Colville said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻，缓和; 使冷静，使平静; 止渴; 消痛
时态：allayed, allaying, allays
分布：减轻(96%)，使 ... 缓和(4%)
→古英语前缀a-, 放下，离开，来自PIE *uz, 词源同out ，此处受前缀al- 影响俗化. 单词lay,放置。
【记】1）读：爱累，所以需要减轻痛苦2）我lay（躺），可以前情减轻痛苦。
【区】alley（n 胡同）中间的e曲里拐弯的，象胡同。
【反】increase the intensity of（加强）；excite（vt 刺激；使兴奋）；aggravate（vt 使恶化；加重）；intensify（vt 强化）；arouse（vt 唤醒；鼓励）；foment（vt 煽动）
formal
verb transitive
■If you allay a strong emotion felt by someone, such as fear or worry, you cause them to feel it less or to feel calm again 减轻，缓解（担忧、恐惧等）
• The government is trying to allay public fears/concern about the spread of the disease. 政府正努力消除公众对疾病蔓延的恐惧／担心。
vt. 减轻；使缓和；使平静
 - comfort, calm, moderate, compose

Word: radiance
Front: radiance
[ˈreɪdiəns] (17068/21244)
Vocabulary: radiance
(once / 912 pages)
1n 2n
Radiance is a type of glowing: either from a light source like the sun or a healthy, beaming person.
The sun radiates lights, and bright objects that give off light rays have a quality called radiance. The sun's radiance can be felt the strongest in the afternoon. We use lights for their radiance: they brighten rooms and streets. Also, if someone is happy and healthy, we can talk about their radiance. A sign of radiance in a person is a wide smile, and pregnant women are often said to have a glow or radiance because they’re full of life.
WORD FAMILY
radiance: radiances+/ radiate: radiance, radiancy, radiated, radiately, radiates, radiating, radiatingly, radiation, radiator / radiation: radiations/ radiator: radiators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many of us grew up with an Enlightenment Bach, a nondenominational divinity of mathematical radiance.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
“Polar Treasures” surrounds a turquoise radiance with messy loops, threads and splashes of paint, about to slide into a single irresistible gravity field.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“I think anyone who goes into a space with stained glass can feel some of that radiance,” she said.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 发光; 光辉; 辐射; 欣喜的神色
分布：光辉(55%)，辐射(45%)
→来自 radiate,放射，流露自信。
noun uncountable
HAPPINESS/BEAUTY 开心／美丽
■happiness, beauty, or good health which you can see in someone's face 喜气洋洋；容光焕发；光彩照人
• He was struck by the radiance of her smile. 她嫣然一笑，把他给迷住了。
['reɪ.di.ənts] noun uncountable
LIGHT/HEAT 光／热
■light or heat that comes from something （使热和／或光）
• We basked in the radiance of the African sun. 我们沐浴在非洲灿烂的阳光中。
n. [光] 辐射；光辉；发光；容光焕发
 - flame, brilliance

Word: shimmer
Front: shimmer
[ˈʃɪmə(r)] (雅宝 14417/21462 -1)
Vocabulary: shimmer
(once / 1404 pages)
vn
When you shimmer you shine, although sometimes quite weakly.
A shimmer is small and sometimes weak, and in danger of going out, but it's there all the same and often beautiful. You know how silk catches the light and shines in lovely ways? That's a shimmer. How about when you feel like it's the end of the world but there's a little piece of you that believes things are going to get better? That's a shimmer of hope. Or when you open a door to a dark room and the light from the hall falls into the darkness? That's a shimmer of light.
WORD FAMILY
shimmer: shimmered, shimmering, shimmers, shimmery
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shimmering red specimens, streaming into the light: this is beautiful in an appalling way.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
He saw the shimmering reflection of the Gulf of California and wondered about the world beyond.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s a shimmering memorial to a late president few Russians miss and an era most would rather forget.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vi. 闪烁，发微光
n. 微光; 闪光
时态：shimmered, shimmering, shimmers
分布：闪光(47%)，微光(46%)，摇曳的光(7%)
→来自古英语 scimerian,闪光，闪烁，来自 Proto-Germanic*skim,照耀，闪光，来自 skai, 照耀，闪光，词源同 shine,sheen.-er,表反复。
【记】shim＝shine发光，mer源于：glimmer（n /v 闪烁）
US [-ɚ] verb intransitive
■to shine in such a way that the light seems to shake slightly and quickly 发出微弱的闪光，闪烁
• She could see her reflection in the water, shimmering in the moonlight. 她能看到水中自己的倒影在月光下闪烁。
UK ['ʃɪm.ər] US [-ɚ] noun only singular
■when something shimmers 微弱的闪光，闪烁
n. 微光；闪光
 - glimmer, gleam
vi. 闪烁；发闪烁的微光
 - spark, coruscate
vt. 使闪烁
 - flicker

Word: extravagance
Front: extravagance
[ɪkˈstrævəgəns] (宝 17144/13942 -1)
Vocabulary: extravagance
(once / 772 pages)
n
Use the noun extravagance when you're talking about something that's over the top, especially when it comes to spending money. Ordering a $500 hamburger for dinner would be an extravagance.
Money is usually the subject when people talk about extravagance, although the word can also mean having too much of something, whether it's anger or flowery wallpaper. In Latin, the root word extravagari means "wander outside or beyond," and originally extravagance was used to describe something that was unusual — "wandering outside" the norm. It wasn't until the 1700s that the word became associated specifically with spending too much money.
WORD FAMILY
extravagance: extravagances+/extravagancy: extravagancies/ extravagant: extravagance, extravagancy, extravagantest, extravagantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Turntables seemed like a particular extravagance, since hardly anyone listened to records anymore.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“The majority of individuals everywhere . . . seem to associate happiness more with extravagance than with frugality.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The goal is to create extravagance and exclusivity for the select few, even if it stirs up resentment elsewhere.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 奢侈，挥霍; 奢侈品; 过分（的事情）; 放纵的言行
分布：铺张浪费(67%)，奢侈品(18%)，富丽堂皇(15%)
【记】extra外，vag走，飘泊－在外飘泊不挣钱只花钱－奢侈
【参】extravagant（adj 奢侈浪费的；过分放纵的）＝profuse＝exorbitantvagrant（adj 流浪的n 流浪汉）；divagate（v 流浪；离题）
【反】frugality（n 节省；节俭）
noun
uncountable
■when you spend more money than you need to 奢侈，铺张
• I think she was shocked by my extravagance. 我想，我太铺张了，她一定感到很震惊。
countable
■something you buy which you do not need and which costs a lot of money 奢侈品，奢华物
• Perfume is my greatest extravagance. 香水是我最大的奢侈品。
n. 奢侈，浪费；过度；放肆的言行
 - luxury, waste, excess, dissipation

Word: harrowing
Front: harrowing
[ˈhærəʊɪŋ] (宝 17151/19345 -1)
Vocabulary: harrowing
(once / 3126 pages)
adj
Being attacked by a hungry shark or being chased by an unruly mob on the streets can be described as harrowing, which means "provoking feelings of fear or horror."
The adjective harrowing is often used to describe a firsthand experience that is terrifying, such as a harrowing drive home in icy weather, but it can also refer to a secondhand experience, such as reading or watching something that is very frightening or disturbing. If you read someone’s account of being shipwrecked in Antarctica, you might describe that as a harrowing story. A harrowing experience typically unfolds over a period of time. For example, if you bump into a shark while swimming, that’s merely scary. If the shark attacks you, then it becomes a harrowing ordeal.
WORD FAMILY
harrowing: harrowingly+/harrow: harrowed, harrowing, harrows
USAGE EXAMPLES
For Saroo Brierley , that separation was real and lasting— a story so extraordinary and harrowing that it carries an excellent movie called “Lion.”
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a harrowing experience, he said, one that he thinks brought on his mother’s death a few months later.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Nor was she unique among writers in the way she mined her own painful history of addiction and mental illness for harrowing and humorous copy.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 悲惨的，令人伤心的
v. 耙地，使耙松( harrow的现在分词)
分布：悲痛的(56%)，难受的(22%)，动词harrow的现在分词形式.(22%)
→来自harrow,靶，耙地。引申词义伤口上撒盐的，令人伤心的，最早来自17世纪莎士比亚的使用。
US ['her.oʊ-] adjective
■extremely upsetting because connected with suffering 折磨人的，令人痛苦的
• a harrowing story 令人悲伤的故事
• For many women, the harrowing prospect of giving evidence in a rape case can be too much to bear. 对很多女性来说，一想到要提供遭受强奸的证据就让人难以忍受。
adj. 痛心的；悲惨的
 - miserable, catastrophic
v. 使痛苦（harrow的ing形式）；开拓
 - distressing

Word: wow
Front: wow
[waʊ] (3774/9178 -1)
Vocabulary: wow
(once / 2173 pages)
vn
When you wow your teacher, you get him really excited about your three paragraph essay. To wow is to impress.
If you imagine saying, "Wow!" after tasting your friend's coconut cupcakes, you'll understand exactly what the verb wow means. When the cupcakes make you exclaim like that, they wow you. A wonderful movie will wow you, and your dad's juggling act might also wow you. The word wow is Scottish in origin, an amazed interjection from the 1500's. The verb form came along in American slang much later, in the 1920's.
WORD FAMILY
wow: wowed, wowing, wows
USAGE EXAMPLES
It wowed the Staples Center crowd and offered a glimpse of Ingram’s potential.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The former Colombia goalkeeper wowed the crowd at the old Wembley with his clearance in a friendly against England in 1995.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
“It was, ‘Wow, this is so up in the air right now.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: int. 哇！呀！
n. 一鸣惊人; 音符失真，声音走音; 魔兽世界（游戏）
vt. <俚>使惊叹，使佩服; 使热烈叫好
时态：wowed, wowing, wows
分布：哇！(51%)，巨大的成功(33%)，使热烈赞赏(16%)
→感叹词。
informal
exclamation
 ADVANCED
■used to show surprise and sometimes pleasure （用来表示惊讶或惊喜）呀，哇
• Wow! Did you make that cake? It looks delicious! 哇！那个蛋糕是你做的吗？看起来味道好极了！
[waʊ] informal
noun only singular
■a person or thing that is very successful, attractive or pleasant 成功的人（或事）；受欢迎的人（或事物）
• He's a real wow with the girls in his class. 他班里的女孩子都非常喜欢他。
[waʊ] informal
verb transitive
■to make someone feel great excitement or admiration 使印象深刻；使叫绝
• The movie wowed audiences throughout the States with its amazing special effects. 该电影以令人叫绝的特技效果大获全美观众的喜爱。
n. 叫声，哭声； [电讯] 失真
 - distortion, cry

Word: reticent
Front: reticent
[ˈretɪsnt] (雅宝 17152/18407 -1)
Vocabulary: reticent
(once / 1374 pages)
adj
Reticent means either quiet or restrained. If you're reticent about your feelings, you like to keep them to yourself, and you're probably quiet in rowdy groups where everyone is talking over each other.
The original meaning of reticent describes someone who doesn’t like to talk. Be careful in your context, however. Reticent can refer to someone who is restrained and formal, but it can also refer to someone who doesn’t want to draw attention to herself or who prefers seclusion to other people. Don’t confuse reticent with reluctant, which means unwilling.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
reluctant / reticent
Consider this sentence:
They may also be reticent about sharing bad news with you.
Are they reticent? Or are they reluctant? It's a subtle difference to be sure. But is it worth preserving?
Reluctant means resisting, unwilling. There's a strong negative connotation attached to it, as these examples demonstrate:
The US healthcare industry has been extremely reluctant to embrace outsourcing firms.
The subject lends itself to hyperbole both because of its urgency and the imperative to draw reluctant readers.
US websites are reluctant to remove extremist religious material because of the First Amendment to the constitution protecting free speech.
By comparison, reticent means quiet, restrained, unwilling to communicate. Despite the unwillingness component, reticent imparts less of a negative feeling:
They were reticent about their main concerns, and few wanted to talk about how they voted.
The mustache and beard deny us the opportunity to get too close to the man, whose reticent gaze appears fixed to the floor.
Korchagin, usually calm and reticent, spoke with a passion that surprised Tsvetayev
Garner's Modern American Usage reports that reticent for reluctant is at stage 4 of language change: a nearly universal form that only "linguistic stalwarts," those "die-hard snoots," object to. Those snoots (syntax nudniks [pests] of our time) are people who love language, are at ease with its nuances, and tend toward tradition, rejecting neologisms without good cause.
It's up to you, then. If you're in favor of preserving the nuance between reluctant and reticent, then be proud to be a snoot!
WORD FAMILY
reticent: reticence, reticently +/ reticence: reticences
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some scenes, Hens achieves a kind of middle tone, where, while still producing little horrors, he remains stoic, or reticent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“One military was so reticent they denied the capability even existed,” said a source familiar with the meetings.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Compared with most internet stars, the Man is also unusually reticent.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 寡言少语的; 有保留的; 含蓄的; 谨慎的
分布：沉默的(40%)，谨慎的(26%)，讳莫如深的(19%)，寡言少语的(15%)
→来自拉丁语 reticere,保持安静，来自 re-,表强调，tacere,安静，词源同 tacit.引申词义寡言少语 的。
沉默的[retic=silent(安静)]
【记】re反复，ti踢，cent钱币：失恋后在路上发现一枚硬币，反复踢回家，这个过程一般是沉默不语的。Re反复，ticent读：提神－因为reticent所以需要反复提神
【反】loquacious（adj 多话的）；vociferous（adj 喊叫的）；voluble（adj 爱说话的）；effusive（adj 感情横溢的）
US ['retˌ.ə-] formal
adjective
■unwilling to speak about your thoughts or feelings 沉默寡言的；不愿交谈的
• He is very reticent about his past. 他不愿谈及他的过去。
• Most of the students were reticent about answering questions. 大多数学生都不愿回答问题。
adj. 沉默的；有保留的；谨慎的
 - silent, cautious, mum

Word: drawl
Front: drawl
[drɔ:l] (宝 17106/13372 -1)
Vocabulary: drawl
(once / 1149 pages)
nv
A drawl is a distinctively slow, drawn-out way of talking that's especially common in the US south. A writer might describe a cowboy as speaking in a lazy drawl.
A drawl tends to lengthen and extend vowel sounds in particular, so that words like "pet" or "pen" might be pronounced with two syllables, rather than one short one. While the Southern states are best known for inhabitants with drawls, Australian and New Zealand natives are also sometimes said to drawl. The word probably stems from the Dutch dralen, "delay" or "linger."
WORD FAMILY
drawl: drawled, drawler, drawling, drawls+/drawler: drawlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Welcome,” he said in that unmistakable southern drawl.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Former Exxon executives noted that he even fit the mold of a Texas oilman — physically imposing, with a resonant voice and a drawl.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“I saved you,” he muttered in his drawl, drawing laughter.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 拖长腔调慢吞吞地说
n. 拖长腔调慢吞吞说的话
时态：drawled, drawling, drawls
分布：慢吞吞拉长调子的说话方式(67%)，拖长声调说话(33%)
→来自draw, 拉。拉长语调音。
拉长语调说话[draw=pull,表示"拉"]
【记】draw拉，1（声音被拉长的状态）一拉长调子的说话
【参】gavel（n 小木槌）gave给，l（法官用小木槌给一下的动作在空中画出的美妙的曲线）
US [drɑ:l] noun only singular
■a slow way of speaking in which the vowel sounds are made longer and words are not separated clearly 说话拉长音，说话拉长调子
• a southern/Texan/mid-Atlantic drawl 南方／得克萨斯州／中大西洋地区拉长音的说话腔调

Word: criminally
Front: criminally
[ˈkrɪmɪnəli] (17141/21451)
Back: adv. 刑法上，犯了罪地
分布：刑法上(60%)，犯了罪地(40%)
N-COUNT
罪犯
A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes.
例：A group of gunmen attacked a prison and set free nine criminals in Moroto.一伙持枪歹徒袭击了莫罗托的一所监狱，放走了9名罪犯。
ADJ
犯罪的;犯法的
Criminal means connected with crime.
例：Her husband faces various criminal charges...她丈夫面临多项犯罪指控。
例：At 17, he had a criminal record for petty theft...他17岁就有了小偷小摸的犯罪前科。
ADJ
罪过的;严重错误的
If you describe an action as criminal, you think it is very wrong or a serious mistake.
例：He said a full-scale dispute involving strikes would be criminal.他说如果出现罢工等大规模纠纷那将是极不应该的。
adv. 刑法上；犯了罪地，有罪地
 - sinfully, guiltily

Word: repentance
Front: repentance
[rɪˈpentəns] (17103/20811)
Vocabulary: repentance
(once / 651 pages)
n
Repentance is the guilt you feel when you do something wrong — and the steps you take to make up for it, like a sincere apology: repentance for hurting your friend's feelings.
Repentance is the act of repenting, which comes from the Latin word poenitire, meaning “make sorry.” Note however, that repentance is what you do on your own: it's not punishment that is handed to you. In terms of religion, repentance is the decision to try to sin no more, devoting your life instead to being a better person by strictly following the rules of your faith.
WORD FAMILY
repentance: repentances+/ repent: repentant, repented, repenting, repents/ repentant: repentance, repentantly, unrepentant / unrepentant: unrepentantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Congress in which he expressed “deep repentance” for America’s war dead.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Instead, Mr. Abe will most likely repeat the repentance and condolences he offered in April 2015 when he addressed Congress.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
He faces a Chiefs defense that shrink-wraps receivers and pops the quarterback without repentance.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 悔悟; 悔改; 后悔; 忏悔
分布：悔改(84%)，后悔(16%)
N-UNCOUNT
后悔;悔改;悔意;忏悔
If you show repentance for something wrong that you have done, you make it clear that you are sorry for doing it.
例：They showed no repentance during their trial.在他们受审的过程中没有表现出一丝悔意。
n. 悔改；后悔
 - penitence, compunction

Word: unrecognized
Front: unrecognized
[ʌnˈrekəgnaɪzd] (17125/20740)
Back: adj. 未被承认的
分布：未被认出的(53%)，未被承认的(47%)
ADJ
不被人注意的；未被认出的
If someone does something unrecognized, nobody knows or recognizes them while they do it.
例：He is believed to have worked unrecognised as a doorman at East End clubs...据信他在伦敦东区的夜总会当过看门人而没被认出来。
例：I actually knew her, but in overalls I passed unrecognised.实际上我认识她，但是我身着工作服，与她擦身而过的时候却没被认出来。
ADJ
未意识到的
If something is unrecognized, people are not aware of it.
例：There is the possibility that hypothermia can go unrecognized...人们有可能察觉不到体温的过低。
例：There must be many vases, bowls or bottles sitting unrecognised in people's homes...人们的家里一定有很多不起眼的花瓶、碗或瓶子。
ADJ
不被承认的；不被认可的
If you or your achievements or qualities are unrecognized, you have not been properly appreciated or acknowledged by other people for what you have done.
例：Hard work and talent so often go unrecognised and unrewarded...努力和天赋经常不被认可，也得不到回报。
例：She became ill and died with her life's work unrecognised...她病逝了，而她一生的工作却没有得到认可。
ADJ
非正式的；非官方的
An unrecognized meeting, agreement, or political party is not formally acknowledged as legal or valid by the authorities.
例：...the unrecognised Islamic Fundamentalist Movement...未被官方承认的伊斯兰原教旨主义运动
例：Local authorities are likely to refuse to hire facilities to unrecognised martial arts organisations.当地的主管机构可能会拒绝向非官方的武术组织出租设备。
adj. 未被承认的；未被认出的；未被认可的
 - unadmitted, unheralded

Word: busted
Front: busted
[ˈbʌstɪd] (17131/34649)
Back: v. 打破，打碎( bust的过去式和过去分词 ); 突击搜查（或搜捕）; （使）降级，降低军阶
分布：破产了的(23%)，被降级的(22%)，失败了的(22%)，被抓到的(11%)，被逮捕的(11%)，动词bust的过去式和过去分词.(11%)
VERB
打碎；破坏
If you bust something, you break it or damage it so badly that it cannot be used.
例：They will have to bust the door to get him out.他们将不得不撞破门把他弄出来。
VERB
逮捕；拘留
If someone is busted, the police arrest them.
例：They were busted for possession of cannabis.他们因藏有大麻被逮捕。
VERB
（警察）搜查
If police bust a place, they go to it in order to arrest people who are doing something illegal.
例：...police success in busting UK-based drug factories.警察对英国的毒品加工厂成功实施的突击搜查
ADJ
破产的；倒闭的
A company or fund that is bust has no money left and has been forced to close down.
例：It is taxpayers who will pay most of the bill for bailing out bust banks.是纳税人将支付大部分的账单以解救面临倒闭的银行。
PHRASE
破产；倒闭
If a company goes bust, it loses so much money that it is forced to close down.
例：...a Swiss company which went bust last May.一家去年5月倒闭的瑞士公司
N-COUNT
半身像；胸像
A bust is a statue of the head and shoulders of a person.
例：...a bronze bust of the Queen.女王的半身铜像
N-COUNT
（女人的）胸部
You can use bust to refer to a woman's breasts, especially when you are describing their size.
例：Good posture also helps your bust look bigger.优美的姿势也能让你的胸部看起来更丰满。
adj. 被降级的；破产了的；失败了的
 - kaput, degraded
v. 爆裂；破产；开除；崩溃（bust的过去分词形式）
 - expelled, dismissed

Word: aghast
Front: aghast
[əˈgɑ:st] (托宝 17120/15561)
Vocabulary: aghast
(once / 1457 pages)
adj
Would you be aghast, or shocked, to find out that your friends believe in ghosts, or would you share their frightened, or aghast, looks when a floating white being hovers over the campfire?
Aghast comes from Old English gasten, "frighten," which comes in turn from gāst, "ghost." If you've seen a look of absolute shock or terror on someone's face — like when your mom (or dad) sees a mouse — you can describe the look with the adjective aghast. If someone says "You should have seen the look on your face!" after sneaking up on you, you probably looked aghast yourself. "Boo!"
WORD FAMILY
aghast
USAGE EXAMPLES
When the deployments became public, Burundian activists were aghast.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Obama was as aghast as anyone when Trump upended the establishment and confounded the wisdom of pollsters to defeat Hillary Clinton last month.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
He showed up still wearing his football coaching attire, and his wife, Angela, was aghast.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 惊呆的; 吓呆的; 被…吓呆; 被吓得目瞪口呆
分布：惊骇的(50%)，吓呆的(50%)
→前缀a-, 加强。-ghast同ghost, 见鬼了。
【源】源自ghost n 鬼，幽灵
US [-'gæst] adjective [after verb]
■suddenly filled with strong feelings of shock and worry 吓呆的，惊骇的
• He looked at her aghast. 他惊恐地看着她。
adj. 吓呆的，惊骇的；吃惊的
 - astonished, appalled

Word: aggregation
Front: aggregation
[ˌæɡrɪ'ɡeɪʃn] (托 17277/13116)
Vocabulary: aggregation
(once / 4286 pages)
n
An aggregation is a collection, or the gathering of things together. Your baseball card collection might represent the aggregation of lots of different types of cards.
Aggregation comes from the Latin ad, meaning to, and gregare, meaning herd. So the word was first used to literally mean to herd or to flock. Now it's just refers to anything herded together in a collection or assemblage. If you work in a lab, for example, you may be charged with the aggregation of samples prior to experimentation.
WORD FAMILY
aggregation: aggregations+/ aggregate: aggregated, aggregately, aggregates, aggregating, aggregation, aggregative, aggregator/aggregator: aggregators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The genes encode proteins that facilitate virus entry into human cells, and one that mediates cell aggregation, which allows the virus to spread between cells.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Online, we traffic in algorithms, aggregations and demographic data sets, the pseudoscientific dressing for old habits of generalization and stereotyping.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
“The consumer is benefited from the aggregation,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 聚集; 集成; 集结; 聚集体
分布：聚合(82%)，集合(14%)，集合体(4%)
聚集物(aggregate+ion)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
ADJ
总计的；合计的
An aggregate amount or score is made up of several smaller amounts or scores added together.
例：The rate of growth of GNP will depend upon the rate of growth of aggregate demand...国民生产总值的增长率将取决于总需求的增长率。
例：England have beaten the Welsh three times in succession with an aggregate score of 83-12.英格兰队已经连续3次打败威尔士队，总比分为83比12。
N-COUNT
（人或事物的）集合，集合体
An aggregate is a number of people or things that are being considered as a single thing.
例：...society viewed as an aggregate of individuals.被看成个体集合的社会
VERB
合计;总计;汇集
If amounts or things are aggregated, they are added together and considered as a single amount or thing.
例：Different economies, with different currencies, should not be aggregated to produce uniform policies...不同的经济有着不同的货币，不应该视为一体以制定出统一的政策。
例：We should never aggregate votes to predict results under another system.我们绝对不可将选票相加来预测另一种制度下的选举结果。
PHRASE
整体上;总共;作为总体
If a number of different things or amounts are considered in aggregate, or in the aggregate, they are considered as a single thing or amount.
例：Expenses are deductible only to the extent that in aggregate they exceed 7 percent of gross income.只有在消费总额超过总收入的7%时才可免税。
PHRASE
总得分
If one team beats another on aggregate, it wins because it has a higher total score than the other team after a series of games.
例：United won 5-3 on aggregate.联队以总比分5比3胜出。
n. [地质] [数] 聚合， [昆] 聚集；聚集体，集合体
 - collection, polymerization, clustering, gather

Word: spotlight
Front: spotlight
[ˈspɒtlaɪt] (托雅 5487/8607 -2)
Back: n. 聚光灯; 公众注意或突出显著; 射光圈; 探照灯
vt. 聚光照明; 使公众注意，使突出醒目
时态：spotlighted, spotlighting, spotlights
分布：照明灯(26%)，用聚光灯照(23%)，车头灯(23%)，公众注意中心(17%)，使瞩目(11%)
US ['spɑ:t-] noun countable (UK informal spot)
■(a circle of strong light which is sent from) a lamp whose beam can be directed 聚光灯；聚光灯照明圈
in the spotlight
■(of a person) receiving a lot of public attention （人）备受关注的，众受瞩目的
• The senator has been in the spotlight recently since the revelation of his tax frauds. 自从参议员的纳税欺诈行为曝光后，他就成了大众关注的焦点。
UK ['spɒt.laɪt] US ['spɑ:t-] verb transitive (spotlighted or spotlit, spotlighted or spotlit)
■to light something or someone with a spotlight 用聚光灯照亮
• The paintings in the alcove were spotlit from below. 聚光灯从下方照亮了壁龛里的画。
■If something spotlights a particular situation, it directs public attention to it. 使大众瞩目；引起大众关注
n. [电] 聚光灯；反光灯；公众注意的中心
 - photospot, revelation light

Word: sheepishly
Front: sheepishly
['ʃi:pɪʃlɪ] (17110/21645)
Back: adv. 怯懦地，羞怯地; 愚蠢地
分布：怯懦地(50%)，窘迫地(25%)，不好意思地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
窘迫的;难为情的;尴尬的
If you look sheepish, you look slightly embarrassed because you feel foolish or you have done something silly.
例：The couple leapt apart when she walked in on them and later came downstairs looking sheepish.她走进屋时撞见这对情侣，搞得两人赶紧分开，后来又面带窘色地走下楼来。
adv. 羞怯地；愚蠢地
 - timidly, coyly

Word: reminiscence
Front: reminiscence
[ˌremɪˈnɪsns] (17145/11711 -1)
Vocabulary: reminiscence
(once / 852 pages)
n
A reminiscence is a memory, or the act of recovering it. A visit to your old elementary school may flood your brain with reminiscences––things you hadn't thought of in years coming suddenly back.
Many people find that when they travel or have quiet time to think, their brain becomes occupied with reminiscence. You can see how close the word reminiscence is in meaning to the word remember––you might think of the word reminiscence as a remembering.
WORD FAMILY
reminiscence: reminiscences+/ reminisce: reminisced, reminiscence, reminiscent, reminisces, reminiscing/ reminiscent: reminiscently
USAGE EXAMPLES
People began to arrive, and the reminiscences flowed over soft Hawaiian music on the hi-fi.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The whole thing is more like the compulsive re-enactment of a trauma than the inscription of a fond reminiscence.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The book includes reminiscences about her crush on co-star Harrison Ford and other behind-the-scenes doings.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 旧事，回忆; 回忆录
分布：回忆(78%)，回想(13%)，记忆力(9%)
[ˌrem.ɪ'nɪs.ənts] formal
noun
uncountable
■the act of remembering events and experiences from the past 追忆往事；追忆；怀旧
reminiscences [plural]
■Your reminiscences are the experiences you remember from the past, often written in a book 回忆录；想起的往事
• The novel contains endless reminiscences of/about the author's youth. 作者在这部小说中没完没了地叙述了对自己年轻时光的回忆。
n. 回忆；怀旧；引起联想的相似事物
 - memory, recall

Word: undiscovered
Front: undiscovered
[ˌʌndɪsˈkʌvəd] (17155/18819)
Back: adj. 未被发现的，隐藏的
分布：未被发现的(100%)
ADJ
未被发现的；未知的；未被注意的
Something that is undiscovered has not been discovered or noticed.
例：The name Vulcan was given to the undiscovered planet...一颗不为人知的行星被命名为“祝融”。
例：This site remained undiscovered, though long sought, until recent times.虽经长期寻找，但该遗址直到最近才被发现。
adj. 未被发现的；未勘探的
 - undetected, unfound

Word: enmity
Front: enmity
[ˈenməti] (托宝 17158/19211)
Vocabulary: enmity
(once / 751 pages)
n
Enmity means intense hostility. If you're a football fanatic, you feel enmity for your opposing team.
Enmity comes from the same Latin root as enemy, and means the state of being an enemy. If you have always hated someone, you have a history of enmity with that person. Enmity is stronger than antagonism or animosity, which imply competitive feeling but don't go all the way to enemy status. Hopefully you are a peacemaker and don't experience too much enmity in your life.
WORD FAMILY
enmity: enmities, inimical +/ inimical: inimically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly there was personal enmity between Hamilton and the bankrupt “voluptuary” he called Burr.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
His visit seemed to confirm the Cuban revolution’s survival after bitter US enmity, although Trump may try to turn the clock back.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Critics of Mr. Karagodin and Memorial say that pointing fingers over the past revives old enmities and creates fissures in society.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 仇恨; 敌意; 敌视; 敌对的状态
分布：敌意(72%)，不和(15%)，憎恨(13%)
→词源同enemy, inimical.
敌意,仇恨(en进入＋am+ity→合成enmity,爱太多的成为恨)[am,amor,amat=love,表示"爱,情爱"]
【记】enemy（n 敌人；[集合名词]敌军）；inimical（adj 敌意的）
【区】amity（n 友好；亲善）ami我家的大花猫阿眯
【反】camaraderie（n 同志之爱；友情）；comity（n 礼让；礼仪；团结）；concord（n 和谐一致；和睦）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■a feeling of hate 仇恨，怨恨；敌意
• She denied any personal enmity towards him. 她否认自己对他怀有任何私怨。
• Bitter historical enmities underlie the present violence. 不共戴天的宿怨是现今暴力冲突的根源。
n. 敌意；憎恨
 - despite, hate, hatred, hostility

Word: cannibalism
Front: cannibalism
['kænɪbəlɪzəm] (托 17002/23143)
Vocabulary: cannibalism
(once / 6724 pages)
n
Cannibalism is when people eat people, or another animal eats that type of animal.
Of all the bizarre things in the world, cannibalism is near the top of the list. For humans, cannibalism means eating human flesh. This occurs in some primitive societies and among disturbed people such as serial killers. Also, if a group of people are stranded somewhere long enough, they might have to resort to cannibalism to survive. Animals that eat their own kind are also examples of cannibalism. People who engage in cannibalism are called cannibals.
WORD FAMILY
cannibalism: cannibalisms+/ cannibal: cannibalic, cannibalise, cannibalism, cannibalistic, cannibalize, cannibals/cannibalise: cannibalising/cannibalistic: cannibalistically/cannibalize: cannibalized, cannibalizes, cannibalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, Dr. Ohsumi won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for illuminating the importance of cell cannibalism.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
A museum exhibit about cannibalism, a nonthreatening escape room, and a new dining and shopping destination.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
At least 18 people offered the cannibalism tale of “The Grad U Ate.”
Washington Post(Oct 26, 2016)
Back: n. 吃人肉，同类相食
分布：同类相食(90%)，吃人肉的习性(10%)
同类相食(cannibal原指加勒比土著,为一食人族)[-ism名词1.表示"主义,宗教"2.表示"学术,流派"3.表示"行为,现象,状态"4.表示"疾病"5.表示"具备某种牲质"]
N-UNCOUNT
同类相食;食人肉
If a group of people practise cannibalism, they eat the flesh of other people.
例：They were forced to practise cannibalism in order to survive.为了活命,他们只好吃人肉。
n. 食人；嗜食同类；残忍的行为
 - anthropophagy

Word: airstrike
Front: airstrike
['erˌstraɪk] (17238/-)
Back: 空袭
分布：空袭(100%)
US ['er-] noun countable
■an attack by military aircraft on a city, enemy soldiers, or their supplies, either by bombing or by firing guns 空袭；空中打击
n. 空袭；空中打击
 - airraid

Word: cicada
Front: cicada
[sɪˈkɑ:də] (17252/26014)
Vocabulary: cicada
(once / 12086 pages)
n
A cicada is a large, winged insect that makes a distinctive vibrating sound. You might hear hundreds of male cicadas singing loudly on a summer night.
Cicadas are often confused with locusts, which are a similar size, a little under two inches long, but are unrelated to the cicada. Cicadas live from two to five years, and in many parts of the world they're a popular food — they were also eaten in ancient Greece and their shells are an ingredient in several traditional Chinese medicines. The word cicada is Latin, meaning "tree cricket." In some parts of Appalachia, cicadas are called "jarflies."
WORD FAMILY
cicada: cicadae, cicadas
USAGE EXAMPLES
The left-hand wall holds many insects normally found in the ground, like a centipede, a cicada and ants digging tunnel.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Dog-day cicadas mature into vociferous adulthood during the hottest part of summer, when their steady droning builds in a crescendo and dominates muggy late afternoons.
New York Times(Sep 16, 2016)
In contrast to the soft trill of the field cricket, cicadas and katydids produce the kind of deafening hiss that can drown out conversation.
New York Times(Aug 22, 2016)
Back: n. 蝉
分布：蝉(78%)，知了(22%)
→来自拉丁词cicada, 蝉。
(plural cicadas)
noun countable
■a large insect found in warm countries, which produces a high continuous sound 蝉，知了
n. 蝉
 - cigala, harvest fly

Word: gregarious
Front: gregarious
[grɪˈgeəriəs] (托宝 17153/19743)
Vocabulary: gregarious
(once / 4693 pages)
adj
If you know someone who's outgoing, sociable, and fond of the company of others, you might want to call her gregarious.
The word was originally used to describe animals that live in flocks — it's from the Latin word grex, meaning "herd." Not surprisingly, people began using it to describe humans who liked being in groups. Today biologists still speak of gregarious species, but you're more likely to hear it in reference to people. Despite what you might suspect, it has no historical connection to the name Gregory — but if you know an outgoing fellow with that name, you could call him Greg-arious.
WORD FAMILY
gregarious: gregariously, gregariousness, nongregarious, ungregarious
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was gregarious sometimes, moody others, perfectly happy to be alone as he once was on the bus in Los Angeles.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
He was humble but gregarious, highly respected by his fellow physicians and Army colleagues.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
But when you see him close up, he seems vital as well as gregarious.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 爱交际的，合群的; 群居
分布：群居的(76%)，爱社交的(24%)
→来自ger, 集中，集会，词源同cram, crowd,
群居的;爱社交的(greg+arious爱...的→爱群体的)[greg=group,表示"群体"]
【记】greg群体
【参】egregious（adj 异乎寻常的；极坏的）
【反】aloof（adj 冷淡的；孤独的）
US [-'ger.i-] adjective
■(of people) liking to be with other people, or (especially of animals) living in groups （人）爱交际的，不喜独处的；（尤指动物）群居的
• Emma's a gregarious, outgoing sort of person. 艾玛是个喜欢交际、性情爽直的人。
⇒ See also sociable
adj. 社交的；群居的
 - social

Word: outwardly
Front: outwardly
[ˈaʊtwədli] (17165/14531 -1)
Back: adv. 外表上; 表面上; 在外面; 外部地
分布：表面上(67%)，向外面(33%)
ADV
外表上；表面上
You use outwardly to indicate the feelings or qualities that a person or situation may appear to have, rather than the ones that they actually have.
例：They may feel tired and though outwardly calm, can be irritable...他们或许会感到疲惫，虽然外表看似没事，但可能很容易发火。
例：Outwardly this looked like the beginning of a terrific programme but the stage was actually set for a major disaster.表面上，这似乎是开启了一个极棒的项目，但实际上却是为一场大的灾难埋下了伏笔。
adv. 表面上；向外；外观上地
 - forth, apparently

Word: surly
Front: surly
[ˈsɜ:li] (宝 17146/22187)
Vocabulary: surly
(once / 1518 pages)
adj
Surly describes behavior nobody wants to be around. Think of the irritable old guy who lives on your street and always seems to be simmering with some sullen nasty anger, whose every utterance he spits out with a rude snarl. He's the poster boy for surly.
Surly behavior is always frowned upon, but the word's origins are in the behavior of English nobility. Surly's roots are in sirly, as in sir, meaning arrogant, haughty and superior. Its current meaning implies all that and more, none of it appealing. To be rude, snotty, sullen, mean and cranky can be added to the list. Generally speaking, if you find yourself in a surly mood, avoid your friends and loved ones.
WORD FAMILY
surly: surlier, surliest, surlily, surliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Leigh, by contrast, was small, surly, scornful of the school and scorned by his classmates, except for Lenox.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
My teenager is consistently surly and rude, and says he wishes I weren’t his mother.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
That was an angry version of Beal, one that waved goodbye to surly Toronto point guard Kyle Lowry when Lowry fouled out.
Washington Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 脾气坏的，不友好的
级别：surlier, surliest
分布：乖戾的(36%)，脾气坏的(28%)，傲慢的(24%)，不友好的(12%)
→改写自 sir,先生，领导，-ly,形容词后缀。比喻用法。
【记】sur＝sir，ly－像先生一般高高在上的－脾气暴躁的
US ['sɝ:-] adjective
■often in a bad mood, unfriendly and not polite 脾气坏的；不友好的，粗鲁无礼的
• We were served by a very surly waiter. 为我们服务的侍者态度很差。
• He gave me a surly look. 他很不友善地看了我一眼。
adj. 乖戾的；板面孔的，无礼的；阴沉的
 - heavy, cross

Word: tuft
Front: tuft
[tʌft] (15142/15245)
Back: n. 丛生植物; （头发、羽毛、草等）一簇; <古>髭; 逢迎权贵的人
vt. 用丛毛装饰; 使分成簇（或束）
vi. 形成一簇，丛生
分布：丛生(37%)，用丛毛装饰(28%)，一丛草(21%)，使成簇(14%)
noun countable
■a number of short pieces of especially hair or grass which closely grow together or are held together near the base （尤指毛发、草等的）一束，一簇，一丛
• He had a few tufts of hair on his chin, but you could hardly call it a beard. 他下巴上有几簇毛，但很难称其为胡须。
n. 一簇；丛生植物；一丛
 - swad, fascicle
vi. 丛生
 - bush, cluster

Word: ramshackle
Front: ramshackle
[ˈræmʃækl] (宝 17157/18765 -1)
Vocabulary: ramshackle
(once / 6754 pages)
adj
Is your house in terrible condition? Does the roof leak? Is it half tumbling down? Congratulations! It's ramshackle — in other words, in terrible condition and barely holding together.
If you think there's a similarity between a place that's been ransacked and a place that's ramshackle, you'd be right. Ramshackle comes from ransackle, an old nineteenth century term for ransack. Although ramshackle is usually intended as a negative term, that's not always the case. Sometimes it can imply a certain cute picturesque quality. Buildings, places, and even some objects such as cars can be considered ramshackle.
WORD FAMILY
ramshackle: ramshackly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The neighborhood’s most ramshackle buildings are bulwarks against gentrification because they contain some of Seattle’s least-expensive market-rate units, he says.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The most desperate set off in ramshackle fishing boats for Thailand and Malaysia, many perishing in the Bay of Bengal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Peeking into a once-grand entryway, now draped in poverty, I saw a ramshackle spiral staircase leading into what seemed like a dark attic.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 要倒似的，要塌似的; 摇晃的; 没主意的; 放荡的
分布：摇摇欲坠的(94%)，要倒塌似的(6%)
→回构自 ramshackled,摇摇欲坠的，改写自 ransackled,被打劫的，来自 ransack,洗劫，掠夺。
【记】源于：ram羊，shackle＝shake（v /n 摇动）
adjective disapproving
■badly or untidily made and likely to break or fall down easily 摇摇欲坠的；东倒西歪的；要散架的
• There's a ramshackle old shed at the bottom of the garden 花园的尽头有一个摇摇欲坠的旧棚子。
■badly organised 组织混乱的；组织松散的；行将解体的
• We need to reorganize this ramshackle system. 我们需要对这个混乱不堪的系统进行重组。
adj. 摇晃的；放荡的
 - shaky, gay

Word: liqueur
Front: liqueur
[lɪˈkjʊə(r)] (17075/18665 -1)
Back: n. 烈性酒，白酒; 利口酒（餐后甜酒）
分布：利口酒(92%)，一杯烈性甜酒(8%)
→词源同liquor,烈酒。
US [-'kjʊr] noun countable
■a strong, sweet alcoholic drink which is usually drunk in small amounts at the end of a meal （餐后的）烈性甜酒，利口酒
n. 利口酒；白酒；烧酒；香酒
 - samshu, white spirits

Word: invisibility
Front: invisibility
[ɪnˌvɪzə'bɪlətɪ] (17123/20309)
Vocabulary: invisibility
(once / 10563 pages)
n
One of the best superpowers ever is invisibility. No one can see you, and you can travel everywhere in complete secrecy since no human eye can detect you.
Combine visible with a prefix that means “not” and a suffix that means “ability” and you’ll understand the whole word: invisibility — the ability to not be visible. The invisibility of certain types of ink can help you write secret messages. Invisibility can be for non-physical things too, like "the invisibility of poverty" from the perspective of those who choose to ignore it.
WORD FAMILY
invisibility: invisibilities+/ invisible: invisibility, invisibleness, invisiblest, invisibly/ visibility: visibilities/ visible: invisible, visibility, visibleness, visibler, visiblest, visibly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Add to that the checkered ethnic makeup of the chorus, and the Japanese setting becomes unobtrusive to the point of invisibility.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But with every pursuit there is the danger of crossing a line, from invisibility to erasure.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The invisibility theme was done as a protest against the demolition of Liu's studio when authorities razed an artists' village in Beijing.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 看不清; 看不见的东西; 难看见; 透明性
分布：隐形(82%)，看不见(18%)
ADJ-GRADED
看不见的;隐形的
If you describe something as invisible, you mean that it cannot be seen, for example because it is transparent, hidden, or very small.
例：The lines were so finely etched as to be invisible from a distance...线条被蚀刻得如此精细，在远处看都看不见。
例：The belt is invisible even under the thinnest garments.这种腰带即便在最薄的衣衫下都看不出来。
ADJ
无形的
You can use invisible when you are talking about something that cannot be seen but has a definite effect. In this sense, invisible is often used before a noun which refers to something that can usually be seen.
例：Parents fear they might overstep these invisible boundaries...父母担心他们可能会逾越这些无形的界限。
例：Her father's face had suddenly tightened as though he was being strangled by invisible hands.她父亲的脸突然僵硬了,仿佛是被无形的双手扼住了脖子。
ADJ-GRADED
被人忽视的;不为人注意的
If you say that you feel invisible, you are complaining that you are being ignored by other people. If you say that a particular problem or situation is invisible, you are complaining that it is not being considered or dealt with.
例：It was strange, how invisible a clerk could feel...一名办事员会感到如此受人忽视，令人觉得不可思议。
例：The problems of the poor are largely invisible.穷人的问题大多不受重视。
ADJ
(故事中的人或事物)隐身的，隐形的
In stories, invisible people or things have a magic quality which makes people unable to see them.
例：...The Invisible Man.《隐形人》
ADJ
(收入)非贸易的,无形的
In economics, invisible earnings are the money that a country makes as a result of services such as banking and tourism, rather than by producing goods.
例：Tourism is Britain's single biggest invisible export...旅游业是英国最大的一项无形输出。
例：The revenue from tourism is the biggest single item in the country's invisible earnings...旅游业收入是该国无形收益当中最大的一项。
N-PLURAL
无形服务业(如银行业、旅游业)
Invisibles are services such as banking and tourism, which provide a country's invisible earnings.
n. 看不见；看不见的东西；难看见
 - lost sight of

Word: pursuer
Front: pursuer
[pəˈsju:ə(r)] (17071/15815)
Vocabulary: pursuer
(once / 916 pages)
n
A pursuer is someone who is chasing someone or something. You could be a pursuer of truth and beauty, or perhaps a pursuer of the kid who took your lunch money.
To pursue is to chase something, like a dog pursuing a squirrel. In that situation, the dog is a pursuer. Someone who’s trying to ask someone else out on a date is a pursuer. When the police are on a manhunt for a criminal, the police are pursuers. You could also say someone is a pursuer of a goal, like a pursuer of a medical degree. All pursuers want something and they're going after it.
WORD FAMILY
pursuer: pursuers+/ pursuant: pursuantly/ pursue: pursuance, pursuant, pursued, pursuer, pursues, pursuing, pursuit / pursuit: pursuits
USAGE EXAMPLES
Smith became a dogged pursuer of information about the company, looking far and wide.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Carroll is believed to have driven away from his pursuers and headed back to the club's Rush Green training ground.
BBC(Nov 02, 2016)
Never once had she given her pursuers any reason to think her a traitor.
Time(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 追赶者; 追捕者; 追求者; 从事者
分布：追赶者(55%)，追求者(45%)
US [pɚ'su:.ɚ] noun countable
FOLLOWING 追赶
■someone who is chasing you 追赶者，追捕者；追求者
• She made a sudden right turn off the road in order to escape her pursuers. 她突然向右转驶离公路，以甩掉跟踪她的人。
• figurative The team are ten points ahead of their closest pursuers in the league. 该队在联赛中领先紧随的对手十分。
UK [pə'sju:.ər] US [pɚ'su:.ɚ] noun countable
ATTEMPT 试图
■someone who is trying to achieve something 追求者
• He described himself as a pursuer of truth and justice. 他把自己说成是个追求真理和正义的人。
n. 追求者；追捕者；研究者；原告
 - plaintiff, investigator

Word: ebony
Front: ebony
[ˈebəni] (15149/22348)
Vocabulary: ebony
(once / 2128 pages)
nadj
Ebony is a very dark black color, or a south Asian tropical tree with hard, dark-colored heartwood. Black piano keys and black chess pieces are often made with ebony.
Used as a noun or adjective, ebony derives from Greek word ebenos, meaning "ebony" and was first used in the 17th century to describe a very dark black color. Cabinetry made out of ebony was very fashionable during the Victorian era because it was imported and considered exotic, but today, because it is considered a threatened species, its uses are limited to small objects, such as animal carvings or parts of musical instruments.
WORD FAMILY
ebony: ebonies, ebonise+/ebonise: ebonised
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We recline on our own satin and ebony.”
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Ditto “Ebony and Ivory,” his sappy duet with Paul McCartney about racial harmony.
Slate(Dec 18, 2016)
For the fifth consecutive year, Ebony magazine honored 100 black professionals, entertainers and civic leaders at its annual banquet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 乌木，黑檀
adj. 乌木制的，似乌木的
分布：乌木(77%)，黑檀木制的(11%)，黑檀树(7%)，乌黑的(5%)
→来自拉丁词ebenus, 乌木。
noun uncountable
WOOD 木材
■a very hard dark wood of a tropical tree, used especially for making furniture （尤指用于制造家俱的）乌木，黑檀
['eb.ən.i] adjective literary
BLACK 黑的
■black 乌黑的
• her ebony hair 她乌黑的头发
adj. 乌木制的， [木] 黑檀木制的；似木的，黑檀木色的
 - ligneous
n. 乌木， [木] 黑檀
 - coromandel

Word: hour-long
Front: hour-long
None None
Back: 长达一个小时的
分布：小时之久的(100%)

Word: ancillary
Front: ancillary
[ænˈsɪləri] (宝 17119/11870)
Vocabulary: ancillary
(once / 23405 pages)
adj
If you use the adjective ancillary to describe your position you are subordinate or supporting something or someone else.
The adjective ancillary originally meant "relating to maidservants" from the Latin, but the element of a female servant has fallen away and now the word merely refers to a position as helpful or subordinate. An example of how something in medicine can be ancillary is after you have surgery you may also take a drug to aid healing — the drug would be considered ancillary to the surgery. One could also argue that in the United States the vice-president takes an ancillary role to the president.
WORD FAMILY
ancillary
USAGE EXAMPLES
But his band of enthusiasts are looking for other, ancillary evidence for a need for an Acadiana World Heritage Site.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Some writers groused about ancillary things: Dylan is rich and famous enough already!
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
There are a slew of ancillary issues that also surround the talks, including roster size and scheduling issues.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 辅助的; 补充的; 附属的; 附加的
n. 助手，随从
分布：辅助设备(39%)，辅助的(28%)，附属的(20%)，助手(13%)
→来自拉丁词ancilla, 女工，助理。来自前缀ambi-, 两，周围。词根kel, 转，圈，同cycle, 圈。
【源】拉丁语ancilla（女仆）
【记】an一个，cillary读：希拉里。一个希拉里。克林顿的老婆，一个成功男士背后的女人，即是家庭主妇，又是辅助老公执政的好帮手，不过现在小克变成了家庭妇男，小希翻身做了州长了。【轻松一刻】克林顿：当时我的手距离那个女秘书的大腿只有0 01公分，但是四分之一炷香之后，全世界都会知道我是一个色狼，因为我决定办一件蠢事儿。虽然我生平办过无数件蠢事儿，但是这一件是最蠢的……莱温斯基：总统先生，请你放尊重点儿……克林顿：你应该质问我，我也应该死，曾经有一个最好机会可以让我甩掉希拉里，但是我没有珍惜。等每天回家后才追悔莫及。人世间最痛苦的事莫过于此，你就让我摸一把吧！不要再推辞了，如果上天能够给我一个重来的机会，我会对希拉里说:"离婚！" 如果非要加一个形容词，我希望是“一万年”！对不起，为了打击克林顿，我使用了粗话，请不要介意！
【反】paramount（adj 极为重要的）
US ['ænt.sə.ler.i] adjective
■providing support or help; additional; extra 辅助的，补充的；附属的，附加的
• ancillary staff/workers 辅助人员／工人
• an ancillary role 配角
• Campaigning to change government policy is ancillary to the charity's direct relief work. 除了直接采取救援行动外，慈善组织还大力展开活动，以促成政府改变其政策。
adj. 辅助的；副的；从属的
 - assistant, helping, dependent, deputy, auxiliary
n. 助手；附件
 - friend, assistant, aid, attachment, mate

Word: dungeon
Front: dungeon
[ˈdʌndʒən] (托 17135/16152)
Vocabulary: dungeon
(once / 846 pages)
n
That dank, stone-walled underground prison where wretched prisoners were kept manacled in medieval days? That was a dungeon, otherwise known as the "keep," and most familiar to us today from a million video games and movies.
In fact, the original meaning of dungeon was of something overground rather than underground, coming from the Old French term donjon, meaning the "great tower of a castle," and the underground meaning only came later. Rapunzel in the fairy tale was held captive in a tower rather than an underground cell and if she hadn't been, her long hair wouldn't have been much help in her escape.
WORD FAMILY
dungeon: dungeons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school calls the gym the Lions’ Den, but many visitors call it the Dungeon and liken playing there to playing hockey inside a box.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Imagine playing old-school Dungeons & Dragons with cards packing this technology — and try not to jump when a Hydra roars on the screen.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Dungeons unfold like horror films, each purpose-built and flush with jump-scare deathtraps or freakishly realistic foes that scamper from midnight blackness.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 地牢
分布：地牢(86%)，土牢(12%)，城堡主塔(2%)
→可能来自拉丁语dominus, 城堡领主，词源同domain. 由该词引申词义城堡地牢，拼写比较同源词danger. 或来自dhengh, 覆盖，引申词义隐蔽的地牢或土牢。
noun countable
■an underground prison, especially in a castle （尤指城堡中的）地牢
n. 地牢，土牢
 - cachot

Word: computer-based
Front: computer-based
[kəmp'ju:təb'eɪst] None
Back: [医]以计算机为基础的
分布：基于计算机(100%)

Word: dynamism
Front: dynamism
[ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm] (17078/18751 -1)
Back: n. （人的）活力; 精力，魄力; 劲头; [哲]物力论，力本学
分布：活力(93%)，精力(6%)，力本说(1%)
noun uncountable
■the quality of being dynamic 活力，精力
• She has a freshness and dynamism about her. 她浑身洋溢着清新活泼的气息。
n. 活力；动态；物力论；推动力；精神动力作用
 - trends, vitality, energy, spring, vigor

Word: retainer
Front: retainer
[rɪˈteɪnə(r)] (宝 17162/14524 -1)
Vocabulary: retainer
(once / 1656 pages)
1n 2n
A retainer is something that holds something else in place. After your braces are removed, a retainer keeps your teeth from moving out of their new perfect position.
Professionals like lawyers or consultants are paid a retainer, which is a fee. The retainer ensures that they will be available to work for you when you need them. You will often pay an hourly rate on top of the retainer once the lawyer or consultant has worked enough hours for you to use up the retainer fee you paid.
WORD FAMILY
retainer: retainers+/ retain: retained, retainer, retaining, retains, retention, retentive / retention: retentions/ retentive: retentively, retentiveness, retentivity, unretentive
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those terms are typically negotiated at the time the retainer agreement is signed by the client-board.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
But the lawyer asked for a $15,000 retainer, which pretty much ended the conversation.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
And smaller companies, with fewer resources, rarely have big advisers on retainer that can provide advice and preparation for activism defense.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. [机]承盘，挡板; 家臣，侍从; [牙科]牙架; 保持着
分布：仆人(44%)，定位器(31%)，保持者(25%)
→来自 retain,保留。引申词义保留金，订金。
【记】retain（v 保留），er：在身边保留的人－侍从
US [-nɚ] noun countable specialized
■an amount of money which you pay to someone so as to be sure that they can work for you when you need them to 聘用定金
■old use
■a servant who has usually been with the same family for a long time （服务多年的）仆人，佣人
• a faithful old retainer 忠实的老仆人
n. [机] 保持器；家臣；保持者；护圈；预付费用
 - maintainer, protective ring

Word: blackmail
Front: blackmail
[ˈblækmeɪl] (研托宝 17169/11953 -1)
Vocabulary: blackmail
(once / 2111 pages)
nv
To blackmail someone is to use secret information to get something from them, usually money. Blackmailing is a crime.
Blackmail is a type of threat. For example, if a politician's assistant knew the politician was having an affair, the assistant could blackmail the politician by threatening to tell the press. Blackmailers usually want money in return for keeping something a secret, but an employee with dirt on a boss could blackmail the boss to get a promotion. Anyone making threats and demands in return for keeping a secret is engaged in blackmail.
WORD FAMILY
blackmail: blackmailed, blackmailer, blackmailing, blackmails+/blackmailer: blackmailers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The centre will also train civil servants to avoid blackmail and resist foreign lobbying.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
He “sort of blackmailed them into putting these pictures into the magazine,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It wasn’t the Russians who decided to run a presidential campaign that offered people nothing but blackmail—“vote for us or Dangerous Donald wins.”
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 敲诈，勒索; （盗匪征收的）保护费，免抢税
vt. 胁迫，勒索，敲诈，讹诈
时态：blackmailed, blackmailing, blackmails
分布：勒索(44%)，敲诈(35%)，讹诈(21%)
→black, 黑，此处指邪恶。mail, 此处指租金，贡金。来自16世纪苏格兰一些土匪向当地农民强制收租，类似保护费。
n.讹诈,敲诈,勒索;胁迫,恫吓It's nothing but a blackmail.这简直是勒索.
【记】black黑，mail信－寄黑信－敲诈
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■when you get money from people or force them to do something by threatening to tell a secret of theirs or to harm them 敲诈，勒索，讹诈
• In a position of authority, a weakness for the opposite sex leaves you open to blackmail. 处在领导岗位的人，容易因对异性的偏爱而被人计算。
['blæk.meɪl] verb transitive
 ADVANCED
■to get money from someone by blackmail 勒索，敲诈
• They used the photographs to blackmail her into spying for them. 他们用这些照片勒索她为他们提供情报。
n. 勒索， [法] 敲诈；勒索所得之款
 - extortion, chantage
vt. 勒索， [法] 敲诈
 - shake down, shark up

Word: sharp
Front: sharp
[ʃɑ:p] (高研四六托雅 2049/2035 -K4)
Vocabulary: sharp
(once / 52 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3adj 4adj 5adjadv 6adjn
Something with a thin edge or a fine point that can cut is sharp. It's painful when your dog climbs into your lap, poking you with his sharp toenails.
A knife and a pointed stick are sharp, since they can pierce or cut, and a piercing pain in your neck is also sharp. You can also use sharp to describe a smart person or clever decision — or someone who dresses well, or the clothes such a person wears. Sharp also means clear, like sharp images in a book of black and white photography, or sudden, like a sharp turn in a mountain road.
WORD FAMILY
sharp: sharpen, sharper, sharpest, sharply, sharpness, sharps+/sharpen: sharpened, sharpener, sharpening, sharpens/sharpened: unsharpened/sharpener: sharpeners/sharper: sharpers/ sharply: sharplys/sharpness: sharpnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
At her workbench, she uses a microscope while cutting and removing tiny bits of metal with a sharp blade called a graver.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
“He didn’t let anything around him bother him. He was in the zone and seemed pretty sharp those games.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Twin girls born at Sharp Mary Birch Hospital for Women & Newborns were delivered at 11:56 p.m.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 敏锐的; 锋利的; 狡猾的，聪明的; 尖锐的
adv. 猛烈地; 尖锐地; 尖利地; 偏高地
n. 升半音; 尖头; 骗子; 内行，专家
vt. [音乐]把（音调）升高（半音）
vi. [音乐]升音演奏（或演唱）
分布：锋利的(57%)，明显的(13%)，突然地(8%)，偏高地(8%)，准时地(7%)，灵敏的(3%)，辛辣的(3%)，突然的(1%)
→来自古英语 scearp,锋利的，来自 Proto-Germanic*skarpaz,切割，来自 sker,剪，切，砍， 词源同 shear,share.引申诸相关词义。
a.锋利的;轮廓分明的;急转的ad.(指时刻)正The slave safely saved the sharp shavers in a cave nearby the cafeteria.奴隶将锋利的剃刀安全地保存在自助餐厅附近的洞穴里.
US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
ABLE TO CUT 能切断
 ESSENTIAL
■having a thin edge or point which can cut something or make a hole in something 锋利的；尖的
• a knife with a sharp edge/blade. 刀刃锋利的刀子
• sharp teeth/claws/fingernails 锋利的牙齿／尖锐的爪子／尖尖的指甲
• The point of this pencil isn't sharp enough. 这支铅笔的头还不够尖。
 ADVANCED
■producing or describing a quick strong pain that makes you feel like you have been cut （疼痛）迅速而剧烈的
• She nudged me with a sharp elbow, to tell me to be quiet. 她狠狠地用手肘捅了我一下，要我安静点。
• I have this sharp pain in my chest, doctor. 医生，我的胸口感到刺痛。
■describes a part of someone's face which is very pointed （脸部部位）尖尖的
• a thin face with a sharp nose 长着尖尖鼻子的一张瘦脸
■If someone is sharp or makes a sharp statement, they speak or act in a severe and angry way, which can hurt other people （言行）尖刻的，尖锐的，严厉的
• He was rather sharp with me when I asked him to help. 我请他帮忙时，他对我的态度相当刻薄。
• The government's proposals came in for some sharp criticism. 政府的提议遭到了尖刻的批评。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
SUDDEN 突然的
 ADVANCED
■happening suddenly, quickly and strongly 突然的；急剧的；猛烈的
• a sharp drop in temperature 气温的遽降
• a sharp decline in the standard of living 生活水准的骤降
• a sharp rise/increase in the number of cases of this illness 该病发病人数的急遽上升
• a sharp bend in the road 公路的急转弯
• to suffer a sharp blow to the head 头部遭到一记猛击
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
TASTE 味道
■ acidic (= containing acid) or sour in taste 很酸的
• Lemons have a sharp taste. 柠檬的味道很酸。
• This cheese is rather sharp. 这种起司很酸。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
CLEAR 清楚的
■clear; easy to see or understand 清晰的；清楚的
• This TV gives a very sharp picture. 这台电视机影像非常清晰。
• The mountains stood in sharp contrast to the blue sky. 群山与蓝天形成了鲜明的对比。
• There is a sharp distinction between crimes which involve injury to people and those that don't. 造成人身伤害的犯罪和未造成人身伤害的犯罪两者之间有明显的界线。
• It was a sharp reminder of how dangerous the world can be. 这清楚地提醒人们这个世界有多么危险。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
CLEVER 聪明的 mainly approving
■clever or quick to notice things 聪明的；精明的；敏锐的
• Bird-watchers need to have sharp ears and eyes. 赏鸟者必须有敏锐的耳朵和眼睛。
• She has a sharp eye for a bargain. 她非常擅长发现便宜货。
• Our new director is very sharp. 我们的新主任非常精明。
• She manages to combine a sharp mind/intellect with a sympathetic manner. 她既有机敏的头脑，又能做到善解人意。
• He was a man of sharp wit /sharp -witted man who always spoke his mind. 他是一个思维敏捷、说话从不拐弯抹角的人。
• The play was full of sharp one-liners. 这出戏充满了机智风趣的俏皮话。
• US He may be old but he's still as sharp as a tack. 他也许是上了年纪，但他仍然思维敏捷。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
FASHIONABLE 时髦的 informal
■fashionable 时髦的，时尚的
• Tony is a very sharp dresser. 汤尼衣着很时尚。
• a sharp -suited business executive 衣着时髦的企业主管
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective
have a sharp tongue (also be sharp-tongued)
■to be someone who often criticizes and speaks in a severe way 说话尖刻，有一张刀子嘴
• Jane has rather a sharp tongue, I'm afraid. 恐怕简说话很刻薄。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adverb
SUDDENLY 突然地
■suddenly or immediately 突然地，立刻地
• After the church, turn sharp left/right. 过了教堂，向左／右急转弯。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adverb
EXACTLY 恰好地
■exactly at the stated time 正好，准时地
• The performance will start at 7.30 sharp. 演出将于7：30准时开始。
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] adjective adverb
■higher than the correct or stated musical note （音）偏高（的），升半音（的）
• The E string on my guitar is a bit sharp. 我吉他上 E 弦的音有些偏高。
• This concerto is in the key of C sharp the set of musical notes a semitone higher than the one based on the note C. 这支协奏曲是升C调的。
• to sing sharp 唱得偏高
Compare flat ; natural
UK [ʃɑ:p] US [ʃɑ:rp] noun countable
■(a symbol for) a note that is a semitone higher than the stated note 升半音；升半音号
sharp, keen, acute, shrewd
这组词都有“锐利的、敏锐的、机敏的”的意思，其区别是：
sharp: 指人头脑精明、敏锐或机警。
keen: 多指对复杂艰深的事物或问题有敏锐的观察和敏捷的理解。
acute: 侧重感觉敏锐，能分辨出一般人难以觉察的细微区别。
shrewd: 指有头脑，善于判断分析，精明过人。
adj. 急剧的；锋利的；强烈的；敏捷的；刺耳的
 - intense, grinding, burning, cutting, quick
adv. 急剧地；锐利地；突然地
 - suddenly, abruptly
n. 尖头；骗子；内行
 - fraud, cusp
vt. 磨快；把音调升高
 - grind
vi. 打扮；升音演奏
 - dress oneself, trick up

Word: firecracker
Front: firecracker
[ˈfaɪəkrækə(r)] (17139/40623)
Back: n. 爆竹，鞭炮
分布：爆竹(66%)，鞭炮(34%)
US ['faɪrˌkræk.ɚ] noun countable
■a firework that makes a loud noise when it explodes 爆竹；鞭炮
n. 鞭炮，爆竹
 - banger, cracker

Word: vilify
Front: vilify
[ˈvɪlɪfaɪ] (宝 17173/22367)
Vocabulary: vilify
(once / 5277 pages)
v
To vilify someone is to spread nasty stories about them, whether true or not.
The verb vilify comes from the same root as the word vile and is a negative word if ever there was one! One way to remember the word is to think about how it sounds — like the word villain (which is unrelated and comes from villa). This suggests that when you vilify someone, you make them sound villainous. So avoid spreading vile words that vilify another and make him or her seem like a villain.
WORD FAMILY
vilify: vilification, vilified, vilifier, vilifies, vilifying+/vilification: vilifications/vilifier: vilifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Comeback: noun, return to big-screen acclaim in unlikely project for vilified Aussie.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Nancy Reagan was vilified for her presumed manipulations of the president and for her lavish tastes.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
It might be easy to vilify brood parasites, but humans are exacerbating their impacts.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 中伤，诽谤
时态：vilified, vilifying, vilifies
分布：诽谤(69%)，中伤(31%)
→来自vile,邪恶的，-fy,使，即中伤，使邪恶。
诽谤(vil+ify→做卑劣的事→诽谤)[vil=base,表示"卑劣"]
【记】vil＝vile（adj 卑鄙的），ify：诽谤读：威力fy，特有威力的语言－诽谤
【参】villainous（adj 恶毒的；腐化堕落的）；villain（n 恶根）
【反】extol（v 赞美）；vilification（n 污蔑）－beautification（n 美化）
formal
verb transitive
■to say or write unpleasant things about someone or something, in order to cause other people to have a bad opinion of them 诋毁，诬蔑；丑化；贬低
• He was vilified by the press as a monster of perversity. 他被新闻界丑化成一个变态的怪物。
vt. 诽谤；中伤；轻视；贬低
 - lower, wrong

Word: subdivide
Front: subdivide
[ˈsʌbdɪvaɪd] (六托 17117/14799)
Back: vt. 再分，细分
vi. 细分; 再分
时态：subdivided, subdividing, subdivides
分布：细分(90%)，再划分(5%)，分小类(5%)
→sub-,分支，分部，分，divide,分割。
verb transitive
■to divide something into smaller parts 将…再分，将…细分
• Each chapter is subdivided into smaller sections. 每一章又被细分为几个小节。

Word: gloss
Front: gloss
[glɒs] (雅宝 11217/9525 -1)
Vocabulary: gloss
(once / 1934 pages)
1nv 2vn
A gloss is a shiny finish on an object. It’s also an explanation about a word or phrase. Right now, you’re reading a gloss on the word gloss.
Gloss has a number of meanings, so it’s a good idea to read our gloss on this word. Gloss can refer to the shine or polish on a smooth surface. A gloss can also be a definition or explanation. A book may have glosses that explain what unusual or technical terms mean. Sometimes gloss has a negative sense: if you leave out important information when discussing something, you could be accused of glossing over those details.
WORD FAMILY
gloss: glossed, glosses, glossing, semigloss
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or are they putting a lovely gloss on some of Trump’s unsavory rhetoric and actions?
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Amid this flood of leaks, we did learn a few new details, in addition to the CIA’s new gloss on existing intelligence.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Stash those muted eye shadows and barely there lip glosses.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 光彩，光泽，光滑; 注释，注解; 假象
vt. 发光，给…加光泽; 注释，注解; 掩饰（错误）
时态：glossed, glossing, glosses
分布：光泽(60%)，掩盖(13%)，注释(11%)，光彩(5%)，注解(5%)，虚饰(4%)，作注释(2%)
→1.光泽，词源同glass, glow.
【记】源于glow（vi 发光；发热），ss－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解源于glass（n 玻璃）－光泽－使文章变得光泽－注解
【区】gross（adj 总的n 总额）；engross（vt 使全神贯注；独占）
US [glɑ:s] noun
APPEARANCE 外表
[S or U]
■a smooth shiny appearance on the surface of something, or paint or a similar substance which produces this appearance 光亮，光泽；亮光漆；用以产生光泽的物质
• Marble can be polished to a high gloss. 大理石可以被磨得非常光滑。
• This varnish provides a long-lasting and hard-wearing gloss finish. 用这种清漆做亮光漆可以使表面光亮、持久、耐磨。
• lip gloss 唇彩
• We'll need a litre of gloss (paint)to cover the woodwork. 我们得用一公升亮光漆来涂一下木建部分。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
EXPLANATION 解释
countable
■an explanation for a word or phrase 注释；评注
• Difficult expressions are explained in the glosses at the bottom of the page. 难以理解的词组在页脚都有注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
put a gloss on sth
■to emphasize the good parts of something that has been done, especially those which are to your advantage, and to avoid the bad parts （尤指出于私心而）突出…的好处，夸饰…好的一面，粉饰
• Politics is all about putting a good gloss on unpleasant or difficult situations. 政治无非就是用粉饰太平的手段来掩饰令人不快或困难的局面。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] noun
take the gloss off sth
■to make an event or occasion less special and enjoyable 煞…的风景；使黯然失色；使逊色
• The bad weather really took the gloss off our trip to the zoo. 糟糕的天气着实破坏了我们去动物园玩的兴致。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
■to provide an explanation for a word or phrase 给…加注释（或注解）
• In the school edition of the book, the older and more rare words have been glossed. 这本书的教学用版本对一些较古老和较生僻的词作了注释。
UK [glɒs] US [glɑ:s] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  gloss over sth
■to avoid considering something, such as an embarrassing mistake, to make it seem not important, and to quickly continue talking about something else 搪塞；掩盖
• She glossed over the company's fall in profits. 她掩饰了公司利润下降的问题。
• The film was well researched, but it glossed over the important issues. 这部电影搜集了大量真实的资料，但是它却避开了一些重要的问题。
n. 光彩；注释；假象
 - notes, splendor
vt. 使光彩；掩盖；注释
 - cover up, screen from

Word: spraying
Front: spraying
['spreɪɪŋ] (17126/21333)
Back: n. 喷雾
v. 喷( spray的现在分词 ); 向…扫射（或抛洒），往…上撒; 尤指雄猫撒尿（以示领地占有）
分布：喷雾(98%)，动词spray的现在分词形式.(2%)
N-VAR
水花;飞沫
Spray is a lot of small drops of water which are being thrown into the air.
例：The moon was casting a rainbow through the spray from the waterfall...月亮在瀑布溅起的水雾上照出了一道彩虹。
例：The rope whipped clear of the water, throwing up a spray of droplets.绳子猛地甩过水面，带起一片水珠。
N-MASS
喷剂
A spray is a liquid kept under pressure in a can or other container, which you can force out in very small drops.
例：...hair spray.喷发胶
例：...a can of insect spray.一罐喷雾杀虫剂
V-ERG
喷,喷洒（液体）
If you spray a liquid somewhere or if it sprays somewhere, drops of the liquid cover a place or shower someone.
例：A sprayer hooked to a tractor can spray five gallons onto ten acres...用拖拉机牵引的喷雾器可以将 5 加仑药水喷洒在 10 英亩田地上。
例：Two inmates hurled slates at prison officers spraying them with a hose...两名囚犯朝着用水管向他们喷水的狱警们扔石板瓦。
V-ERG
（使）飞溅;(使)飞散
If a lot of small things spray somewhere or if something sprays them, they are scattered somewhere with a lot of force.
例：A shower of mustard seeds sprayed into the air and fell into the grass...许多芥子撒向空中，然后落进了草丛里。
例：The intensity of the blaze shattered windows, spraying glass on the streets below...熊熊烈火灼裂了玻璃窗，碎玻璃飞溅到了下面的街道上。
VERB
大量射出，扫射（子弹)
If someone sprays bullets somewhere, they fire a lot of bullets at a group of people or things.
例：He ran to the top of the building spraying bullets into shoppers below...他跑到楼顶上，向下面的购物人群开枪扫射。
例：The army lorries were sprayed with machine gun fire from guerrillas in the woods.部队的运货卡车遭到了树林中游击队机关枪的扫射。
VERB
在…上喷涂料(或油漆)
If something is sprayed, it is painted using paint kept under pressure in a container.
例：The bare metal was sprayed with several coats of primer.裸露的金属上被喷上了几层底漆。
VERB
喷农药
When someone sprays against insects, they cover plants or crops with a chemical which prevents insects feeding on them.
例：He doesn't spray against pests or diseases...他并不喷药防虫祛病。
例：Confine the use of insecticides to the evening and do not spray plants that are in flower...只在晚间使用杀虫剂，而且不要对正在开花的植物喷药。
N-COUNT
(尤指用于植被的)喷水器，喷雾器
A spray is a piece of equipment for spraying water or another liquid, especially over growing plants.
N-COUNT
(一根枝条上的)花簇(或叶片)
A spray of flowers or leaves is a number of flowers or leaves on one stem or branch.
例：...a small spray of freesias.一小簇小苍兰
n. 喷涂；喷雾；喷洒
 - mist spray
v. 喷射；飞溅（spray的ing形式）
 - ejecting

Word: spousal
Front: spousal
['spaʊsl] (17143/-)
Back: n. 结婚，婚礼
adj. 结婚的
分布：婚姻(51%)，配偶的(28%)，婚礼(21%)
ADJ
婚姻的
Spousal rights and duties are ones which you gain if you are married.
n. 婚礼；结婚仪式
 - wedding, matrimony
adj. 结婚的
 - conjugal, wedded

Word: slain
Front: slain
[sleɪn] (17166/36461)
Back: v. 杀死，宰杀，杀戮( slay的过去分词 ); (slay的过去分词)
分布：动词slay的过去分词(100%)
verb past participle of
■ slay

Word: cancerous
Front: cancerous
['kænsərəs] (17147/22500 -1)
Back: adj. 癌的; 像癌的; 得癌症的; 不治的
分布：癌的(62%)，生癌的(23%)，似癌的(15%)
ADJ
癌的;癌性的
Cancerous cells or growths are cells or growths that are the result of cancer.
例：...production of cancerous cells...癌细胞的生长
例：Nine out of ten lumps are not cancerous.90%的肿块都不是恶性的。
adj. 癌的；生癌的；像癌的
 - carcinomatous

Word: automate
Front: automate
[ˈɔ:təmeɪt] (六 17156/23818 -1)
Vocabulary: automate
(once / 3516 pages)
v
When you design a machine to complete a process once done by a human, you automate the process. Standardized tests once had to be graded by hand, now they're automated, i.e. done by computers.
If you automate a factory, workers might lose jobs to robots and machines. A century ago, if you did laundry, you had to turn the clothes in the drum by hand. It was really hard work, so hard that in many families one day was set aside as laundry day and everyone had to help. In 1937, the first electric, or automated, washer was sold, with a motor that turned the drum. Since then, the job has become much easier, though most of us still find it a chore.
WORD FAMILY
automate: automated, automates, automating, automation
USAGE EXAMPLES
The new part is that Steamaco's technology automates the regulation of electricity.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Those motion points are stored, and used to automate the task.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
“We automate all the coding, all the tedious work that is not really adding any value,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）自动化; 使自动操作
时态：automated, automating, automates
分布：使自动化(100%)
US ['ɑ:.tˌə-] verb transitive
■to make a process in a factory or office operate by machines or computers, in order to reduce the amount of work done by humans and the time taken to do the work 使自动化
• Massive investment is needed to automate the production process. 要实现生产过程的自动化，是需要大量的投资的。
vt. 使自动化，使自动操作
 - robotize

Word: hulking
Front: hulking
[ˈhʌlkɪŋ] (17154/34255)
Back: adj. 庞大笨重的，笨拙的
分布：笨重的(80%)，粗陋的(20%)
→来自hulk,船骸，笨重的大船。引申词义巨大的。
adjective
■large and heavy 大而重的，大而壮的
• We were stopped by two hulking security guards. 我们被两名身材魁梧的保安拦住了。
• How do you expect me to lift that hulking great box? 你怎么能指望我搬动那个又大又重的箱子？
adj. 笨重的；粗陋的
 - cumbersome, ponderous

Word: islander
Front: islander
[ˈaɪləndə(r)] (15164/12229 -1)
Back: n. 岛民; 岛上居民
分布：岛民(100%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who lives on an island 岛民，岛上居民
• Scottish islanders 苏格兰岛民

Word: stripped
Front: stripped
[strɪpt] (17184/18840)
Back: v. 剥皮（ strip的过去式和过去分词 ）; 脱光衣服; （齿轮的齿等）折断; 表演脱衣舞
分布：动词strip的过去式和过去分词.(34%)，剥夺的(33%)，拆除的(33%)
N-COUNT
(纸、布、食物等的)条，带
A strip of something such as paper, cloth, or food is a long, narrow piece of it.
例：...a new kind of manufactured wood made by pressing strips of wood together and baking them...一种用木条压紧并烘烤而制成的新型人造木材
例：The simplest rag-rugs are made with strips of fabric plaited together...最简单的碎布地毯是由碎布条编在一起制成的。
N-COUNT
狭长区域;带状(陆地、水域)
A strip of land or water is a long narrow area of it.
例：The coastal cities of Liguria sit on narrow strips of land lying under steep mountains.利古里亚的沿海城市坐落在陡峭山脉下的狭长地带上。
例：...a short boat ride across a narrow strip of water.乘船渡过一小段狭窄的带状水域。
N-COUNT
商业街
A strip is a long street in a city or town, where there are a lot of stores, restaurants, and hotels.
例：...Goff's Charcoal Hamburgers on Lover's Lane, a busy commercial strip in North Dallas.位于北达拉斯的一条名为“情人巷”的繁华商业街上的戈夫炭烤汉堡店
VERB
脱衣服
If you strip, you take off your clothes.
例：They stripped completely, and lay in the damp grass...他们脱光衣服，躺在潮湿的草地上。
例：Women residents stripped naked in protest.女性居民裸体以示抗议。
VERB
脱掉…的衣服
If someone is stripped, their clothes are taken off by another person, for example in order to search for hidden or illegal things.
例：One prisoner claimed he'd been dragged to a cell, stripped and beaten.一名犯人声称他曾被拖进一间牢房，全身被脱光并遭到毒打。
VERB
除去;剥去
To strip something means to remove everything that covers it.
例：After Mike left for work I stripped the beds and vacuumed the carpets...迈克去上班后，我扯下了床罩并用吸尘器清扫地毯。
例：The floorboards in both this room and the dining room have been stripped, sanded and sealed.这个房间和餐厅的木地板都已经被刮除涂层并进行了打磨上蜡。
VERB
拆卸，拆开(引擎或设备)
If you strip an engine or a piece of equipment, you take it to pieces so that it can be cleaned or repaired.
例：Volvo's three-man team stripped the car and restored it.沃尔沃公司的 3 人小组将车拆开进行了维修。
VERB
剥夺，褫夺(财产、权利、头衔)
To strip someone of their property, rights, or titles means to take those things away from them.
例：The soldiers have stripped the civilians of their passports, and every other type of document...士兵们已经夺走了平民的护照以及所有其他类型的证件。
例：A senior official was stripped of all his privileges for publicly criticising his employer.一名高管由于公然批评其老板而被剥夺了所有特权。
N-COUNT
连环漫画
In a newspaper or magazine, a strip is a series of drawings which tell a story. The words spoken by the characters are often written on the drawings.
例：...the Doonesbury strip.杜尼斯伯理政治漫画
PHRASE
怒斥;痛骂;把…骂得狗血淋头
If you tear a strip off someone or if you tear them off a strip, you speak to them angrily and criticize them severely.
例：He heard Nora tearing a strip off an orderly for not returning the food bins to the kitchen soon enough...他听到诺拉正在破口大骂一名勤务兵没有将食品箱及时送回厨房。
例：When the police arrived to tear him off a strip he apologised for all the trouble he'd caused them.当警察赶到把他狠狠地教训了一番后，他为自己给他们带来的所有麻烦表示道歉。

Word: reversible
Front: reversible
[rɪˈvɜ:səbl] (托 17167/15404)
Vocabulary: reversible
(once / 5710 pages)
adjn
A sweater designed to be worn right-side-out and inside-out is reversible. The health effects of a cold are reversible, too. Reversible means able to be undone or able to be used inside-out.
The great thing about reversible clothes is that it's like getting two pieces for the price of one. The great thing about reversible damage is that it can be fixed. Damage that can't be fixed is called irreversible, but t-shirts meant to be worn only one way are simply called t-shirts.
WORD FAMILY
reversible: irreversible, nonreversible, reversibility, reversibles, reversibly+/ irreversible: irreversibility, irreversibly/ reversal: reversals/ reverse: reversal, reversed, reversely, reversible, reversing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is always uneven, discontinuous, reversible, contradictory, producing winners and losers, no force of nature but manmade.”
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Israelis will be convinced that Western assurances of support are insincere and reversible.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Because prepubescent transgender children require no more physical change than a new hairstyle and clothes, the initial transition is completely reversible, Olson-Kennedy said.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 可逆的; 步骤、行动或疾病可恢复原状的; 可医治的; 衣服、材料等可翻转的
分布：可逆的(83%)，可反转的(7%)，双面布料(6%)，双面式衣服(2%)，双向的(2%)
US [-'vɝ:-] adjective
■If something is reversible, it can be changed back to what it was before. 可翻转的；可逆的
■describes clothes that can be worn so that the inside becomes the outside （衣服）可两面穿的
• a reversible raincoat 可两面穿的雨衣
adj. 可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的
 - invertible

Word: supremacist
Front: supremacist
[su:ˈpreməsɪst] (17124/46489)
Back: n. 至上主义者
分布：至上主义者(100%)
→来自 supremacy,至高无上，-ist,人。用于指种族优越论者。
[su:'prem.ə.sɪst] mainly disapproving
noun countable
■someone who believes that a particular type or group of people should lead or have control over other types or groups of people because they believe they are better （某类人或团体）至上主义者
• a white supremacist 白人至上主义者

Word: fortitude
Front: fortitude
[ˈfɔ:tɪtju:d] (托宝 17185/19454)
Vocabulary: fortitude
(once / 1090 pages)
n
Fortitude refers to strength in the face of adversity or difficulty. Eating fried worms might require a lot of intestinal fortitude.
When someone has fortitude it means that they have emotional power or reserves and the ability to withstand adversity. People who have fortitude are described in an admiring way for their courage and this word comes from the Latin word fortitudo, meaning "strength." Jacueline Bisset, someone who knows about beauty, said, "Character contributes to beauty. It fortifies a woman as her youth fades. A mode of conduct, a standard of courage, discipline, fortitude and integrity can do a great deal to make a woman beautiful."
WORD FAMILY
fortitude: fortitudes
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Oakland Raiders slipped on their pads, donned their uniforms and summoned the fortitude to play.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
What happens next isn’t just a test of her fortitude, but also of ours.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Scott Burns, a director at US investment firm Morningstar, says that Mr Gardner "is just an amazing testament of fortitude".
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 坚韧，刚毅; 刚毅精神; 松柏节操
分布：刚毅(51%)，坚毅(32%)，不屈不挠(17%)
→来自fort, 坚固，坚强，堡垒。
刚毅,不屈不挠(fort+itude表示状态→强的状态)[fore,fort=storng,表示"强大,力量"]
坚忍不拔(fort坚强;参考:fortify加强)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
US ['fɔ:r.tˌə.tu:d] noun uncountable formal
■bravery over a long period 勇气，坚韧，刚毅
• I thought she showed remarkable fortitude during that period. 我认为她在那段时期表现出了惊人的勇气。
n. 刚毅；不屈不挠；勇气
 - courage, heart, nerve

Word: importation
Front: importation
[ˌɪmpɔ:'teɪʃn] (17065/15439)
Vocabulary: importation
(once / 1524 pages)
n
Importation is what happens when goods are purchased from a foreign country to be sold at home. The importation of cars into the U.S. is what makes it possible for you to buy a Honda or a BMW.
If two countries have a trade agreement, it means they've worked out a deal for importation and exportation. When lobster is shipped from Maine and sold in China, that's exportation, and when macarons are baked in Paris and sold in New York, that's U.S. importation. The noun importation comes from the verb import, which first meant "convey information" and then "bring in goods from abroad," from the Latin portare, "to carry."
WORD FAMILY
importation: importations+/ import: importation, imported, importee, importer, importing, imports/importee: importees/importer: importers
USAGE EXAMPLES
He did not say how he would accomplish this although he previously suggested he was open to allowing importation of cheaper medicines from overseas.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
It does outline a policy allowing importation of cheaper drugs from foreign countries like Canada, another proposal opposed by drug-makers.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Competition drives Elizabeth, whether the issue is the importation of palm oil or the prevalence of gun violence.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 进口; 输入; 进口货; 输入物
分布：进口(100%)
VERB
进口;引进
To import products or raw materials means to buy them from another country for use in your own country.
例：Britain last year spent nearly £5000 million more on importing food than selling abroad...去年英国的进口食品支出比其出口食品收入多出近50亿英镑。
例：To import from Russia, a Ukrainian firm needs Russian roubles.要从俄罗斯进口商品,乌克兰公司就需要俄罗斯卢布。
N-COUNT
进口商品;进口货物
Imports are products or raw materials bought from another country for use in your own country.
例：...farmers protesting about cheap imports.抗议进口廉价商品的农民
N-UNCOUNT
重要(性)
The import of something is its importance.
例：Who leads Canada is also of some import to the rest of the world...谁领导加拿大对世界来讲也具有一定的重要性。
例：Such arguments are of little import.这种争论没有什么意义。
VERB
导入
If you import files or information into one type of software from another type, you open them in a format that can be used in the new software.
例：You can import files from Microsoft Word 5.1 or MacWrite II.可以从 Microsoft Word 5.1 或 MacWrite II 程序导入文件。
N-SING
意思;含意
The import of something is its meaning, especially when the meaning is not clearly expressed.
例：I have already spoken about the import of his speech.有关他的讲话的含意我刚刚已经谈过了。
n. 进口；输入品
 - inlet, admission opening

Word: fiesta
Front: fiesta
[fiˈestə] (15170/16933)
Vocabulary: fiesta
(once / 7616 pages)
n
A fiesta is a celebration or a party. Your parents might plan a fiesta to celebrate your high school graduation.
You can use the word fiesta for any party, but it usually refers to a large feast, festival, or very extravagant party. In Spanish, fiesta means "feast," and in many Spanish-speaking places, a fiesta celebrates a saint's day or other religious occasion. The word comes from the Latin festus, "festive, joyful, or merry."
WORD FAMILY
fiesta: fiestas
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Fiesta Bowl, he tore knee ligaments and dropped to a second-round selection by the Dallas Cowboys.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Ohio State was exposed as overmatched almost as soon as the Fiesta Bowl began.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
The third-ranked Tigers won in similar fashion later in the night, beating No. 2 Ohio State 31-0 in the Fiesta Bowl.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <西>（尤指西班牙和南美的）宗教狂欢节日
分布：节日(67%)，假日(33%)
→来自feast的西班牙语拼写形式。
noun countable
■a public celebration in Spain or Latin America, especially one on a religious holiday, with different types of entertainment and activities （西班牙或拉丁美洲国家的）节日，（尤指）宗教节日
n. 圣日，宗教节日；祭典；假日
 - holiday, holyday

Word: restlessness
Front: restlessness
['restləsnəs] (17178/19169)
Back: n. 坐立不安，心神不定，无休止
分布：不安定(45%)，烦躁不安(40%)，辗转不安(15%)
ADJ-GRADED
焦躁不安的;不耐烦的;不满的
If you are restless, you are bored, impatient, or dissatisfied, and you want to do something else.
例：By 1982, she was restless and needed a new impetus for her talent.到了1982年，她感到厌倦了，需要新的动力来激发她的才能。
例：...a major new initiative to placate the country's restless intellectuals.安抚国家不安分的知识分子的重大新举措
ADJ-GRADED
坐立不安的;不安宁的
If someone is restless, they keep moving around because they find it difficult to keep still.
例：My father seemed very restless and excited.我父亲看起来坐立不安，激动不已。
ADJ-GRADED
难以入睡的;辗转反侧的
If you have a restless night, you do not sleep properly and when you wake up you feel tired and uncomfortable.
例：The shocking revelations of the 700-page report had caused him several restless nights...这篇长达700页的报告中披露的惊人信息使他几夜未眠。
例：Hurt had spent a restless few hours on the plane from Paris.赫特在从巴黎起飞的飞机上辗转反侧了几个小时。
n. 坐立不安；不安定
 - instability, imbalance

Word: distal
Front: distal
[ˈdɪstl] (宝 17192/8380)
Back: adj. 末梢的
分布：末梢部的(100%)
→词源同distance, 距离。
adj. [解剖] 末梢的，末端的
 - terminal, marginal

Word: rinsed
Front: rinsed
[rinst] (17231/46345)
Back: v. 漂洗( rinse的过去式和过去分词 ); 冲洗; 用清水漂洗掉（肥皂泡等）; （用清水）冲掉
分布：冲洗(67%)，清洗(27%)，染发(4%)，柔顺剂(2%)
VERB
清洗;冲洗
When you rinse something, you wash it in clean water in order to remove dirt or soap from it.
例：After shampooing, always rinse the hair several times in clear water...每次用完洗发剂后都要用清水将头发冲洗几次。
例：It's important to rinse the rice to remove the starch.一定要淘米以洗掉淀粉。
VERB
漱（口）
If you rinse your mouth, you wash it by filling your mouth with water or with a liquid that kills germs, then spitting it out.
例：Use a toothbrush on your tongue as well, and rinse your mouth frequently.舌头也要用牙刷清洁，并且经常漱口。
N-COUNT
染发剂
A hair rinse is a dye whose colour gradually disappears after you have washed your hair a number of times, rather than being permanent.

Word: abolitionist
Front: abolitionist
[ˌæbəˈlɪʃənɪst] (托 17150/17978)
Vocabulary: abolitionist
(once / 1792 pages)
n
An abolitionist was someone who wanted to end slavery, especially in the United States before the Civil War — when owning slaves was common practice.
Back when many landowners in the United States forced slaves to work their land, abolitionists believed that slavery violated the basic human right of freedom, and organized to make slavery illegal, writing anti-slavery literature, proposing new laws, and smuggling slaves into free Canada. The Latin root abolere means “destroy,” and an abolitionist is generally a person who wants to destroy any law or practice, like the abolitionists who fight to end the death penalty.
WORD FAMILY
abolitionist: abolitionists+/ abolish: abolishable, abolished, abolishes, abolishing, abolishment, abolition / abolition: abolitionism, abolitions/abolitionism: abolitionist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mary Todd Lincoln’s fiery independence and abolitionist agenda, along with her designs for refurbishing a decaying White House during the Civil War, evinced harsh criticism.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Despite these numbers, death-penalty abolitionists also received a host of bad news this year.
The New Yorker(Dec 21, 2016)
In April, it was announced that abolitionist Tubman would replace slave-owning Andrew Jackson on the front of the US $20 bill.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 废除主义者，废奴主义者
adj. 废除主义者的，主张废除主义的; （国家）已废除死刑的
分布：废奴主义者(66%)，废除主义者(34%)
noun countable
■a person who supports the abolition of something 主张废除…的人，废除主义者

Word: have
Front: have
[həv] (中高 8/8 -K5)
Vocabulary: have
(once / 1 page)
1vn 2v 3v 4v
To have something means you possess it somehow. You may have a big house or have a lot of freckles on your nose.
English gives us a lot of ways to have — this is a common word. You can have brown eyes and black hair, have the flu, have a red bike, and have strong feelings about football. You might have doubts about whether having a party at your house is a good idea. Adults can have babies. Babies have parents and blankies. You could have a good time or a bad time while you're having friends over for a visit.
WORD FAMILY
have: had, has, hast, hath, haves, having
USAGE EXAMPLES
He had a second microdiscectomy surgery on his back the following month.
Golf Digest(Dec 01, 2016)
A judge has ordered the work to continue for now.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Coach John Fox announced Thursday that the veteran quarterback will have an operation to repair the labrum in his shoulder.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: aux. 用以构成完成式及完成式的不定式，表示已经…
vt. 有，具有; 拿，取得; 从事; 必须，不得不
n. 〈口〉有产者，有钱人; 富国; 〈英俚〉欺骗，诈骗
时态：had, having, has
分布：有(72%)，已经(11%)，吃(6%)，从事(3%)，允许(3%)，得到(2%)，雇用(2%)，享有(1%)
→来自古英语habban,拥有，占有，来自Proto-Germanic*haben,来自kap,抓住，词源同capable,heavy.
有[hav=possess表示"拥有"]
v.有,具有;体会,经受;从事;使;吃,喝I had a terrible dream last night.咋晚我做了一个恶梦.
auxiliary verb [+ past participle] (had, had) (also 've/'s)
 ESSENTIAL
■used with the past participle of other verbs to form the present and past perfect tenses （与动词的过去分词连用，构成现在完成式和过去完成式）
• I've heard that story before. 我以前听过那个故事。
• Diane's already gone. 戴安娜已经走了。
• John hasn't phoned. 约翰没有打过电话。
• I haven't visited London before. 我以前没去过伦敦。
• Have you seen Roz? 你见过罗兹吗？
• Has she been invited? 她接到邀请了吗？
• They still hadn't had any news when I spoke to them yesterday. 昨天我和他们交谈时他们仍没有收到任何消息。
• formal Had I known (= if I had known) you were coming, I'd have booked a larger room. 要是知道你会来，我会订一个大一点的房间。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
POSSESS 拥有
 ESSENTIAL transitive not continuous (also 've/'s) (mainly UK have got)
■to own or possess 有，拥有
• They have a beautiful home. 他们有一个漂亮的家。
• He has plenty of money but no style. 他有很多钱但没有品味。
• I've got two brothers. 我有两个兄弟。
• Have you got time to finish the report today? 你今天有时间写完报告吗？
• I've got a suggestion/an idea. 我有个建议／主意。
have the decency/good sense, etc. to do sth
 ESSENTIAL
■to do one good thing, although you do other bad or silly things 至少还（做了一件好事）
• At least he had the good sense to turn the gas off. 至少他还做了件好事，把煤气关了。
• At least she had the decency to apologize. 至少她还道了歉。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
BE ILL 生病
 ESSENTIAL transitive (mainly UK have got)
■If you have a particular illness, you suffer from it 生（病）
• Have you ever had measles? 你出过麻疹没有？
• I've got a cold. 我感冒了。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
DO 做
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to perform the action mentioned 做（提到的事）
• have a wash/bath/shower 冲澡／洗澡／洗淋浴
• I had a swim. 我游了一会儿泳。
• We had a short walk after lunch. 午饭后我们稍稍散了步。
• I've never done it before but I'd like to have a try (= to try). 我以前从没做过，但我想试一试。
• Why don't you have a rest? 你为甚么不休息一下？
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
EAT/DRINK 吃／喝
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to eat or drink something 吃；喝
• I had prawns and rice for lunch. 我午饭吃的是大明虾和米饭。
• Can I have a drink of water? 我能喝口水吗？
• When are we having dinner? 我们甚么时候吃饭？
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
RECEIVE 收到
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to receive, accept or allow something to happen 收到；接受，允许
• Here, have some more coffee. 来，再喝点咖啡。
• [+ to infinitive] My mother's having visitors (to stay) next week. 我母亲下星期有客人（来住）。
• Let me have the book back next week. 下星期把这本书还给我。
• In the end they solved their problems and she had him back (= allowed him to come and live with her again). 最后他们解决了问题，她允许他回到自己身边。
• I looked in all the shops for string but there was none to be had (= none that anyone could obtain). 我跑遍了所有的商店，可是全都没有细绳子可买。
• I kept telling him that you were French but he wouldn't have it (= would not accept that it was true). 我一直跟他说你是法国人，可是他就是不肯相信。
• [+ -ing verb] I won't have those kids running all over my flowerbeds (= I refuse to allow them to do this). 我不允许那些孩子在我的花圃里跑来跑去。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
CAUSE 导致
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to cause something to happen or someone to do something 引起，使
• [+ past participle] We're having the house painted next month. 下个月我们要粉刷房子。
• [+ infinitive without to] If you wait, I'll have someone collect it for you. 如果你等一会儿的话，我会叫人帮你去拿的。
• [+ obj + -ing verb] The film soon had us crying. 电影开演后不久就让我们感动得哭泣了。
• Guy'll have it working in no time. 盖伊很快就会让它开始运作。
• She had her parents down (= invited them to stay) for a week in the summer. 夏天，她把父母接来住了一个星期。
• We had the boat out (= went out in the boat) for the first time this week. 这是我们本周第一次乘船出游。
• We often have friends over/round (= invite them to come) on a Saturday night. 周六晚上我们经常邀请朋友来家里作客。
 ESSENTIAL [T + past participle]
■to suffer something that someone does to you 遭受…，被…
• She had her car stolen (= it was stolen) last week. 她的汽车上周被盗了。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
EXPERIENCE 经历
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to experience something 经历
• We're having a wonderful time here in Venice. 我们在威尼斯过得很愉快。
• We didn't have any difficulty/problem finding the house. 我们没遇到甚么波折就找到了房子。
• He hasn't been having much luck recently. 他最近的运气不太好。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
BABY 婴儿
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to give birth to a baby 生，生育
• Elaine had a baby girl yesterday. 伊莱恩昨天生了个女儿。
• My mother had me at home. 我母亲是在家里生下我的。
be having a baby/twins, etc.
■to be pregnant/pregnant with twins (= two babies) etc 怀了孩子／双胞胎等
• I hear his wife's having a baby. 我听说他妻子怀孕了。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
SEX 性
transitive not continuous slang
■to have sex with someone 和…有性关系
• He asked me how many men I'd had. 他问我与多少男人有过性关系。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
and have done with it (also and be done with it)
■to deal with and finish the whole matter 了结整件事
• I think I'll just sell all the furniture and have done with it. 我想我会一了百了把家俱全卖了。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
A good time was had by all. saying
■said to mean that everyone enjoyed themselves 每个人都玩得很开心。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
have it in you
■to have a particular quality or ability 具有某种特质（或能力），有两下子
• His speech was really funny - we didn't know he had it in him. 他的发言真的很风趣——我们不知道他还有这一手。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
have it in for sb informal
■to be determined to harm or criticize someone 图谋伤害（某人）；有意跟（某人）过不去
• She's always had it in for me. 她总是跟我过不去。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
have it off (also have it away) UK slang
■to have sex 性交
• He was having it off with his friend's wife. 他与朋友的妻子发生了性关系。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
have it out with sb
■to talk to someone about something they have done which makes you angry, in order to try to solve the problem 把事情与（某人）谈开
• She'd been late for work every morning that week and I thought I'd better have it out with her. 那一周她每天上班都迟到，我想还是把这个问题明白给她指出来比较好。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
have nothing on sb or sth informal
■to not be as good as someone or something 没有…好
• He's a good player, but he's got nothing on his brother. 他是个不错的运动员，但是没有他弟弟优秀。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
not have any of it informal
■to be completely unwilling or to refuse 不愿意，拒绝
• I asked him to help out, but he wasn't having any of it. 我请他来帮个忙，但是他不愿意。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
  Phrasal Verbs  have sb on UK (US put sb on) informal
■to persuade someone that something is true when it is not, usually as a joke 哄骗（某人）
• That's your new car? You're having me on! 那是你的新汽车？你在骗我吧！
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
  Phrasal Verbs  have (got) sth on
 ESSENTIAL [M]
■If you have clothes or shoes on, you are wearing them 穿着
• I loved that dress you had on last night. 我喜欢你昨天晚上穿的那件长裙。
■If you have something on, you have planned to do it 计划做… have 1 1. Have you got anything on this week?
本周你有甚么安排吗？
• I've got something on this Tuesday, but I'm free on Wednesday. 星期二我有安排，但星期三没事。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
  Phrasal Verbs  have sth out
■to have something removed from your body 切除（身体某一部位）
• You'll have to have that tooth out. 你得拔掉那颗牙。
• He had his appendix out last week. 上周他切除了盲肠。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] verb (had, had)
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] have sb up UK informal
■to take someone to court for a trial 传讯（某人）出庭
• He was had up for burglary. 他因破门盗窃而遭传讯。
[strong form hæv] [weak form həv] [əv] modal verb
have (got) to do sth
 ESSENTIAL
■to need to or be forced 必须，不得不
• I have to go to Manchester tomorrow on business. 我明天得去曼彻斯特出差。
• What time have you got to be there? 你得几点钟到那里？
• Do we have to finish this today? 我们今天必须把这事做完吗？
• We'll have to start keeping detailed records. 我们不得不开始作详尽的记录。
• Jackie's ill so they've had to change their plans. 杰基病了，因此他们不得不改变计划。
dine, gorge, have, swallow, eat, devour, consume
这组词都有“吃”的意思，其区别是：
dine: 正式用词，既可指一日三餐中的任何一餐，也可以指特殊的用餐。
gorge: 侧重指拼命地吃或塞，强调吃饱或吃得过量。
have: 可与eat换用，但强调一次性的动作。
swallow: 主要指吃的整个过程的第二部分“咽”，并常指咀嚼得匆匆忙忙地吃。
eat: 普通用词，使用广泛。既可用于人，也可用于动物。
devour: 指狼吞虎咽地吃，强调吃得既快又彻底。
consume: 侧重痛痛快快地吃得一干二净，可用于人和动物。
cause, get, have, make, render
这组词都有“使，使得”的意思，其区别是：
cause: 正式用词，侧重指使某事发生的原因。
get: 侧重指劝某人做某事，或指使某事物处于某种状态或产生某种结果。
have: 普通用词，指让某人做某事。
make: 普通用词，指强迫或劝诱他人做某事。
render: 书面用词，多指因外界因素而使某人或某物处于某种状态。
have, hold, possess, own, enjoy, keep
这组词都有“有，具有，持有”的意思，其区别是：
have: 最常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。
hold: 指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。
possess: 较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
own: 不及本组的possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。
enjoy: 指享有某种权利或长处，带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。
keep: 指长时间地保有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。
vt. 有；让；拿；从事；允许
 - undertake, let, pursue, address, carry

Word: extra-virgin
Front: extra-virgin
None None
Back: 特级初榨

Word: ballgame
Front: ballgame
['bɔ:lgeim] (17128/-)
Back: n. （美）棒球运动
分布：球类活动(100%)
n. （美）棒球运动
 - baseball

Word: medium-low
Front: medium-low
None None
Back: [网络] 中低级；中低温；中低速
分布：中低(100%)

Word: overcast
Front: overcast
[ˌəʊvəˈkɑ:st] (托 17180/21438)
Vocabulary: overcast
(once / 2674 pages)
1adjnv 2nv
Use the adjective overcast when you're describing a cloudy sky. An overcast day can be dark, cold, and gloomy, or just quiet and calm.
A day that's gray and cloudy is overcast, and a dull, sunless sky can also be described this way. A less common way to use overcast is when you talk about sewing — an overcast stitch catches the edge of the fabric to keep it from fraying — and the stitch itself is sometimes called an overcast. Before the weather-related adjective was coined, overcast was a verb meaning "to cover" or "to overthrow."
WORD FAMILY
overcast: overcasted, overcasting, overcasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was jacket-and-scarf weather here on a recent overcast December afternoon.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
On overcast days closer to the winter solstice, there is merely an hour or two of grimy twilight around one in the afternoon.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
The president and the first lady were joined by friends on the nature walk on a rainy, overcast day.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 天阴的，多云的
vt. 使沮丧; 包缝; 遮蔽
n. [气象学]阴，阴天; 遮盖物(尤指云、雾等; 郁闷，忧愁，沮丧; [采矿]风桥
时态：overcast, overcasting, overcasts
分布：阴天(58%)，阴天的(13%)，阴暗的(11%)，愁闷的(7%)，覆盖(5%)，包边缝(3%)，遮盖(3%)
→over-,在上，超过cast,扔，投掷。比喻用法。
US ['oʊ.vɚ.kæst] adjective
■cloudy and therefore not bright and sunny 阴天的，多云的；布满阴云的
• The sky/weather was overcast. 天空／天气阴沉沉的。
• a depressing, overcast winter morning 沉闷、阴暗的冬日早晨
adj. [气象] 阴天的；阴暗的；愁闷的
 - cloudy, dull
vt. 使沮丧；包缝；遮蔽
 - shadow, shield

Word: carmaker
Front: carmaker
['kɑ:meɪkə(r)] (17148/-)
Back: n. 汽车制造商
分布：汽车制造商(100%)
n. 汽车制造商
 - automaker

Word: low-wage
Front: low-wage
None None
Back: 低工资
分布：低工资的(100%)

Word: incurable
Front: incurable
[ɪnˈkjʊərəbl] (17200/18520 -1)
Vocabulary: incurable
(once / 1843 pages)
adjn
Something incurable can't be fixed or healed. Incurable diseases can sometimes be lived with, but they can't be cured.
An incurable crush on a movie star means there's no getting over it, and being diagnosed with an incurable illness is always bad news, because no medicine can eliminate it. Your friends might call you an incurable optimist — this means you always see the glass as half-full, and there's no changing your cheerful nature. Incurable combines the prefix in-, "not," and curable, from the Latin cura, "care or concern," and also "means of healing."
WORD FAMILY
incurable: incurability, incurableness, incurables, incurably+/ curable: curability, curableness, incurable /curative: curatively, curatives/ cure: curable, curative, cured, cures, curing/cured: uncured
USAGE EXAMPLES
The diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis—which is incurable but treatable with medication—brought a glum sense of relief.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Both are incurable, although there are treatments for the second state.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
A progressive, incurable spinal condition, diagnosed when she was 21, ravages her body and no two days are the same.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法治愈的; 无法改变的; 不能矫正的
n. 医不好的病人
分布：不能医治的(56%)，无救的(11%)，不治的病人(11%)，无救的人(11%)，不能矫正的(11%)
→in-,不，非，curable,可治愈的。
【记】curable（adj 可医治的；医得好的）
US [-'kjʊr.ə-] adjective
DISEASE 疾病
■not able to be healed or cured 无法治愈的
• Parkinson's disease is a debilitating and incurable disease of the nervous system. 巴金森氏症是一种使人虚弱、无法治愈的神经系统疾病。
UK [ɪn'kjʊə.rə.bl] US [-'kjʊr.ə-] adjective
PERSONALITY 个性
[usually before noun]
■describes someone whose personality type does not change or cannot be changed （人的个性）不会改变的，无可救药的
• an incurable romantic/optimist/pessimist 无可救药的浪漫主义者／乐天派／悲观主义者
adj. 不能治愈的；无可救药的
 - uncurable, unredeemable

Word: tumbler
Front: tumbler
[ˈtʌmblə(r)] (17098/16404)
Back: n. 翻筋斗者; <机>转臂; （机枪的）机心; （玩具）不倒翁
分布：不倒翁(44%)，杂技演员(35%)，平底无脚酒杯(14%)，锁的制动栓(7%)
→tumble,翻滚，-er,表物。引申诸相关词义。
US [-blɚ] noun countable
■a glass drinking container which does not have a handle or a stem （无柄无脚的）杯子
n. 不倒翁（玩具）；杂技演员；翻筋斗者；一杯的容量；滚筒；平底玻璃杯
 - roller, acrobat

Word: wristwatch
Front: wristwatch
[ˈrɪstwɒtʃ] (托 17164/23102)
Back: n. 手表
分布：手表(100%)
US [-wɑ:tʃ] noun countable
■a watch that is worn on the wrist 手表，腕表
n. 手表
 - watch

Word: ouster
Front: ouster
[ˈaʊstə(r)] (17107/48157)
Vocabulary: ouster
(once / 8437 pages)
n
Use the noun ouster to talk about the process of forcing someone out of a position. If your city's mayor is pressured to leave office, you can describe it as her ouster.
When someone is dismissed or strongly influenced to abandon a position or quit a job, it's an ouster. A politician is often vulnerable to an ouster, when others are vying for her position, but your boss at work could also be subject to an ouster if his managers conspired to eliminate his job and force him out. Ouster once meant "kick out of one's house or property," from the Old French word oster, "take away, evict, or dispel."
WORD FAMILY
ouster: ousters+/ oust: ousted, ouster, ousting, ousts/ousting: oustings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The hostility of GOP congressmen to Adams eventually led to his ouster.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
It is now up to South Korea’s Constitutional Court to decide whether the charges against President Park Geun-hye, above, merit her ouster.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Hours later, massive crowds rally in Seoul calling for Park’s ouster in what might be the biggest protest in the country’s history.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 罢免，废黜，革职
分布：驱逐(88%)，〈律〉剥夺(6%)，剥夺者(6%)
→来自oust,剥夺，罢免，-er,名词后缀。
US [-stɚ] US
noun countable or uncountable
■the removal of someone from an important position or job 废黜；革职；罢免
• The committee's chairperson is facing a possible ouster. 委员会的主席面临可能被革职的命运。
n. 驱逐；剥夺；罢黜
 - expulsion, dispossession

Word: hilt
Front: hilt
[hɪlt] (宝 17137/15735)
Vocabulary: hilt
(once / 1734 pages)
n
A hilt is a knife, sword, or dagger's handle. When you're learning to sword fight for your role in a Shakespeare drama, the first thing you'll learn is to hold onto the hilt.
The hilt of a sword is sometimes topped by a "pommel," an enlarged section of the handle, and protected by a "guard," which keeps your hand safe from your opponent's blade. The word hilt can also mean "totally" in the colloquial phrase "up to the hilt," as in: "That country's military is armed up to the hilt," or "They own lots of homes, but they're mortgaged up to the hilt."
WORD FAMILY
hilt: hilts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like many women of her generation she understood that femininity is always a performance and she performed it to the hilt.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
“The Bicameral Minds” plays that to the hilt, particularly when Hector and Armistice bust up the lab.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Hedonism, pursued to the hilt, but creased with emptiness, loneliness and weakness: this was the Weeknd’s subject even before he was successful.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. （刀剑、匕首等的）柄; 全力（ 支持某人等）; 彻底; 到最大程度
vt. 给…装柄
分布：柄(60%)，剑柄(28%)，刀把(12%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*helt,可能来自kel,击，打，砍，词源同clone,cleave,gladiator.
【参】haft（n 工具或武器的柄）；shaft（n 柄矛或箭杆）
noun countable
■the handle of a sharp pointed weapon such as a sword （锋利武器的）柄
[hɪlt] noun countable
(up) to the hilt
■Something that is done (up) to the hilt is done completely and without any limits 完全地，彻底地
• The government is already borrowing up to the hilt. 政府已经完全靠借贷度日了。
n. 刀把，柄
 - handle, shank

Word: open-minded
Front: open-minded
['əʊpən'maɪndɪd] (-1)
Vocabulary: open-minded
(once / 13477 pages)
adj
If you're open-minded, you're willing to consider new ideas. An open-minded voter doesn't always stick to his or her political party and instead considers the opinions of candidates from both parties. (Finding an open-minded voter is a bit like trying to find a unicorn. Good luck.)
When you've got a serious dilemma — say your two best friends aren't speaking to each other — it's usually helpful to ask an open-minded person for advice. Open-minded people can consider a problem from both sides, without injecting their own opinions or biases, and can often point you in the right direction. Open-minded is first recorded in the 1820s, from the popular figurative meaning of open (think "openhearted").
WORD FAMILY
open-minded
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in a television interview this month Trump said he was “still open-minded” about the science of climate change.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Our generation is much more open-minded than the previous one.
The Guardian(Dec 10, 2016)
But Deason said liberals will be happily surprised by Pruitt’s “open-minded” attitude, adding that he is “willing to look at things.”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 虚心的; 思想开明的; 无先入之见的; 无偏见的
分布：无偏见的(45%)，思想开明的(33%)，虚心的(22%)
【记】open开，mind思想，ed－思想开明的
US [ˌoʊ-] adjective
■willing to consider ideas and opinions that are new or different to your own 开明的，开通的；心胸开阔的
• Doctors these days tend to be more open-minded about alternative medicine. 如今医生对替代疗法的态度更加开通了。
adj. 虚心的；思想开明的；无偏见的
 - unbiased, nonjudgmental

Word: organically
Front: organically
[ɔ:'ɡænɪklɪ] (托 17187/19849)
Back: adv. 器官上地，有机地
分布：器官上地(40%)，有组织地(40%)，有机性地(20%)
ADJ
有机的；绿色的；无农害的；不使用化肥的
Organic methods of farming and gardening use only natural animal and plant products to help the plants or animals grow and be healthy, rather than using chemicals.
例：Organic farming is expanding everywhere.有机农业正在各地迅速发展起来。
例：...organic fruit and vegetables.有机水果和蔬菜
ADJ
生物体的；有机体的
Organic substances are of the sort produced by or found in living things.
例：Incorporating organic material into chalky soils will reduce the alkalinity.在白垩质土壤中添加有机物可降低其碱性。
ADJ
（变化或发展）逐渐的，自然的，演进的
Organic change or development happens gradually and naturally rather than suddenly.
例：...to manage the company and supervise its organic growth.经营公司并指导其逐步发展
ADJ
（社群或结构）有机的，统一的，不可分割的
If a community or structure is an organic whole, each part of it is necessary and fits well with the other parts.
例：City planning treats the city as a unit, as an organic whole.城市规划将城市视为一个单位，一个有机的整体。
adv. 有机地；有组织地；器官上地
 - systematically

Word: cognac
Front: cognac
['kɒn.jæk] (17097/20798 -1)
Back: n. 白兰地酒的一种（产于法国的柯纳克）
分布：白兰地酒的一种(100%)
→因产自法国Cognac而得名。
US ['koʊ.njæk] noun countable or uncountable
■high quality brandy (= strong alcoholic drink) made in western France, or a glass of this （产于法国西部的）科尼亚克白兰地，干邑；一杯干邑
• a bottle of cognac 一瓶干邑白兰地
• Would you like another cognac? 你要再来一杯干邑吗？

Word: forty-four
Front: forty-four
None None
Back: 四十四
分布：四十四(100%)

Word: behest
Front: behest
[bɪˈhest] (17210/18933)
Vocabulary: behest
(once / 3064 pages)
n
Behest is an authoritative command or request. If your boss or principal asks to see you, you go to their office at their behest.
Behest rhymes with "request" and they almost mean the same thing, if you give your request a little authoritative oomph, just a tad bit of "or else." Another difference between these words is that you can't use behest as a verb: You can't behest someone. You act according to their behest. The root word here is the Old English hehaes, means "a vow."
WORD FAMILY
behest: behests
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was found in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, where the customs collector interviewed her at Washington’s behest.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
The killings were done at the behest of Charles Manson, leader of a cult-like group living on an old movie ranch near Chatsworth.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The most recent committee convened to study biotechnology was formed this year at the behest of the White House.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <文>命令，吩咐，请求
分布：命令(92%)，紧急要求(8%)
→前缀be-, 强调。hest, 命令，召唤，词源同cite, 引用， 传讯。
noun formal
at sb's behest/at the behest of sb
■because someone has asked or ordered you to do something 按照（某人）的要求；在（某人）的命令下
• The budget proposal was adopted at the president's behest. 在总统的要求下，这项预算建议获得采纳。
n. 命令；邀请；请求
 - instruction, order, bidding, asking, request

Word: unyielding
Front: unyielding
[ʌnˈji:ldɪŋ] (17201/18758)
Vocabulary: unyielding
(once / 3633 pages)
adj
When things are unyielding, they won't stop, won't give, or won't bend. That includes stubborn, unyielding personalities and stiff, unyielding mattresses.
You know people who never change their minds, even when they're wrong? You could say they're unyielding. This word refers to people who refuse to budge and never give up. Sometimes that’s a good thing, and sometimes it's just plain annoying. Physical things can be unyielding if they're hard or impossible to stop. A hurricane or tornado is unyielding, and so is a speeding train. When you see the word unyielding, think "Can't or won't be stopped."
WORD FAMILY
unyielding: unyieldingly, unyieldingness+/ yield: yielded, yielder, yielding, yields/yielder: yielders/yielding: unyielding, yieldingly, yieldings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He brokered a new broadcast agreement last month that acknowledged the continued relevance of cable television but also the unyielding rise of the online audience.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Writing in the Guardian on Tuesday, Anwar said his “political imprisonment” meant Malaysia needed “unyielding international encouragement and pressure”.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Perry is an unyielding backer of opening up more land for drilling and hydraulic fracturing, or fracking.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚硬的，不能弯曲的，不屈的; 刚强; 不屈服; 倔强
分布：不屈的(62%)，坚强的(26%)，坚固的(6%)，动词unyield的现在分词.(6%)
adjective
NOT CHANGING 不改变的
■completely unwilling to change a decision, opinion, demand, etc 坚定的；不屈服的；固执的
• Korea is unyielding in its demands for a new treaty. 朝鲜坚决要求签订新的条约。
[ʌn'ji:l.dɪŋ] adjective
NOT BENDING 不易弯曲的
■ rigid (= not able to be bent or moved) 坚挺的，不易弯曲的
adj. 不屈的；坚强的； [材] 不易弯曲的
 - strong, tough, steel

Word: cabaret
Front: cabaret
[ˈkæbəreɪ] (17181/11956 -1)
Back: n. 卡巴莱餐馆; 卡巴莱歌舞表演
vi. 有歌舞、滑稽短剧助兴的
分布：名词(100%)
→cabar, 同chamber, 室。-et, 小词后缀。常指比较低端的娱乐场所。
US [-ɚ.eɪ] noun countable or uncountable
■a performance of popular music, singing or dancing, especially in a restaurant or bar （尤指餐馆或酒吧的）卡巴莱歌舞表演
• a cabaret act. 卡巴莱表演

Word: herpes
Front: herpes
[ˈhɜ:pi:z] (17304/- -1)
Back: n. [医]疱疹
分布：疱疹(100%)
→来自希腊语herpein,爬行，蜿蜒，词源同serpent.用于指皮肤疾病疱疹，因呈圈状而得名。
US ['hɝ:-] noun uncountable
■an infectious disease which causes painful red spots to appear on the skin, especially on the lips or sexual organs 疱疹
n. [皮肤] 疱疹
 - bleb

Word: derogatory
Front: derogatory
[dɪˈrɒgətri] (宝 17206/19106)
Vocabulary: derogatory
(once / 5536 pages)
adj
Something that's derogatory is insulting or disrespectful. If you make derogatory comments, that means you say things that are unflattering, unkind, or demeaning.
Derogatory means about the same as insulting. Derogatory language is meant to hurt, and it usually does. If you feel offended or insulted by what someone says, the person probably said something derogatory. Racial, sexist, and homophobic slurs are all derogatory. Insults that mean someone is stupid or crazy are derogatory. Making a joke about someone's mother is derogatory.
WORD FAMILY
derogatory: derogatorily+/derogate: derogated, derogates, derogating, derogation, derogative, derogatory /derogation: derogations/derogative: derogatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Boston forward says he replied to the Twitter user, writing: “This derogatory statement is offensive to so many people around the world.”
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Its origin is unclear, but netizens often use this - sometimes derogatorily - to describe a passive group of bystanders at a major incident or event.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
The Oregon City High School students also refer to transgender people in a derogatory way.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 贬低的; 贬义的
分布：贬损的(57%)，贬义的(29%)，毁谤的(7%)，侮辱的(7%)
贬低的(derogate+ory)[Rog=ask表示"要求,问"]
US [-'rɑ:.gə.tɔ:r-] adjective
■showing strong disapproval and not showing respect 诋毁的，贬损的，贬低的
• He made some derogatory comment/remark about her appearance. 他对她的相貌贬低了一番。
adj. 贬损的
 - uncomplimentary

Word: weasel
Front: weasel
[ˈwi:zl] (宝 17242/22021 -1)
Vocabulary: weasel
(once / 2418 pages)
1n 2n
A weasel is a sneaky and sly person. Your weasel of a friend has a habit of "forgetting" his wallet every time he goes out to dinner with you.
You can call someone who cheats and lies a weasel, or you can use the word literally, to refer to the small furry mammal called a weasel. The furry kind of weasel is known for its short legs, long neck, and musky smell. In fact, the word's Proto-Germanic origin wisand carries the meaning of a stinky animal. The verb weasel means to sneak or evade, like when you weasel out of doing the dishes.
WORD FAMILY
weasel: weasels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Are men that watch this show bigoted weasels?
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Mr Craig is a magnetic Iago, a thuggish weasel in a T-shirt and shorts who delivers his lines as comfortably as he breathes.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Such zig-zaggy, weasel words provide little assurance that Trump has abandoned one of the more extreme, quasi-fascist pledges of his campaign.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 鼬鼠，黄鼠狼; 狡猾的人; 卑劣的人
vi. 躲避，躲闪（承诺、责任等）; 含糊其辞
分布：黄鼠狼(42%)，鼬鼠(31%)，推诿(11%)，狡猾的人(9%)，逃避(7%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*wisulon,臭气，臭味，来自weis,臭液，流出，词源同bison,virus。用于指黄鼠狼。
【记】we，ease，l：我们轻松的拿着剑l，看着就不像好人－黄鼠狼
noun countable
■a small mammal with reddish brown fur and a long body, which can kill other small animals such as mice and birds for food 鼬，黄鼠狼
['wi:.zəl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  weasel out of sth mainly US informal
■to avoid doing something that you have agreed to do, especially by being dishonest （尤指不诚实地）推诿，逃避（答应过的事）
• Although they had signed the contract they tried to weasel out of the deal later. 尽管他们已经签了合约，但事后却试图逃避这笔买卖。
vi. 逃避；含糊其辞
 - get out of, run from
n. 鼬鼠；狡猾的人
 - fox, serpent

Word: trivialize
Front: trivialize
[ˈtrɪviəlaɪz] (17203/36614)
Vocabulary: trivialize
(once / 49661 pages)
v
When you trivialize something, you make it seem less important than it really is. Some people complain that TV news tends to trivialize complicated political stories.
If your friend tends to trivialize your problems and worries, he dismisses them as being too small to fret about, which might make you feel like he's not taking you seriously. If you trivialize your own health concerns, other people might not realize how sick you're feeling. When you trivialize an issue, you make it look more trivial than it is, or less significant. The Latin root of both trivialize and trivial is trivialis, "common, commonplace, or vulgar."
WORD FAMILY
trivialize: trivialized, trivializes, trivializing+/ trivia: trivial / trivial: trivialest, trivialise, triviality, trivialize, trivially/trivialise: trivialised/triviality: trivialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
She said she “would never, ever intentionally trivialize the emotional and physical challenges of terminating a pregnancy.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But the stakes are too high — and the evidence of Trump’s presidential aptitude deficit too severe — for such trivializing designations.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Still, the head of an Italian anti-abortion group expressed concern that some priests might trivialize the sin of abortion.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: vt. <贬>使显得琐碎[不重要、不难等]，轻视
时态：trivialized, trivializing, trivializes
分布：使琐碎(75%)，使显得不重要(25%)
→trivial,琐碎的，-ize,使。引申词义轻视。
(UK usually trivialise) ['trɪv.i.ə.laɪz] verb transitive disapproving
■to make something seem less important than it really is 使显得不重要
• I don't want to trivialise the problem, but I do think there are more important matters to discuss. 我并不是要贬低这个问题的重要性，我确实认为有更重要的事情需要讨论。

Word: adhesive
Front: adhesive
[ədˈhi:sɪv] (托宝 17140/12939 -1)
Vocabulary: adhesive
(once / 6022 pages)
adjn
An adhesive is something sticky that holds things together. Use an adhesive to repair a cracked plate.
Adhesive comes from the Latin adhaerere, meaning "stick to," which is precisely what something adhesive does — it sticks to things. An adhesive bonds surfaces together. It's the sticky side on a roll of duct tape that causes it to be so effective. The word can be used to describe both the substance itself: to use an adhesive, for example — or its property of stickiness: an adhesive bandage sticks to the skin.
WORD FAMILY
adhesive: adhesively, adhesiveness, adhesives, nonadhesive+/ adhere: adhered, adherent, adheres, adhering, adhesion, adhesive / adherence: adherences/ adherent: adherence, adherents/ adhesion: adhesions
USAGE EXAMPLES
As most of us are aware, tape purchased at the drugstore is a low-grade adhesive product that loses its stickiness with distressing rapidity.
Salon(Dec 02, 2016)
Back at the State Department, as Raphel’s co-workers watched, plainclothes investigators snapped pictures in her office and put adhesive seals on the doors.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
It holds three pairs of lashes, includes a mirror and has additional storage space for tweezers, lash adhesive or another small item.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 黏合剂，粘着剂
adj. 可黏着的，黏性的
分布：粘着剂(50%)，有粘性的(30%)，难忘的(20%)
发粘的n.胶带(ad+hes+ive)[her,hes=stick,表示"粘附"]
noun countable or uncountable
■glue 黏合剂，黏着剂
• You'll need a/some strong adhesive to mend that chair. 你需要用一种／一些强力黏合剂来修好这把椅子。
[əd'hi:.sɪv] adjective
■sticky 黏着的；有黏性的
• adhesive tape/paper 胶带／胶纸
n. [胶粘] 粘合剂；胶黏剂
 - binder, binding agent
adj. [物] 粘着的；带粘性的
 - gluey

Word: defraud
Front: defraud
[dɪˈfrɔ:d] (托雅宝 17191/15595 -1)
Vocabulary: defraud
(once / 2142 pages)
v
To defraud is to con someone out of money. Defrauding is a sneaky crime.
If you know that a fraud is some kind of a scam, then you're on the way to understanding what defraud means. If someone defrauds you, they are cheating you out of money. Ponzi schemes—also known as pyramid schemes—are a type of defrauding. A guy trying to sell you a bridge is a type of defrauding, as is a foreign prince asking for money via email. Be wary!
WORD FAMILY
defraud: defrauded, defrauder, defrauding, defrauds+/defrauder: defrauders/ fraud: defraud, frauds
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government’s lawsuit accuses Barclays of defrauding investors who bought its mortgage-backed securities in the years leading up to the financial crisis.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
He pleaded guilty to conspiracy to defraud the government, filing false claims and fraud in connection with identity information, court files show.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The settlement marks the conclusion of three lawsuits against Trump’s now-defunct for-profit real estate seminar, alleging that Trump University defrauded students.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 诈取，骗取; 欺骗
时态：defrauded, defrauding, defrauds
分布：诈骗(100%)
→de-, 向下，强调。fraud, 欺骗。
【记】de坏，fraud（n 欺骗）
US [-'frɑ:d] verb transitive
■to take something illegally from a person, company, etc., or to prevent someone from having something that is legally theirs by deceiving them 欺诈，诈骗
• He was found guilty of defrauding the Internal Revenue Service. 他被判欺诈国内税务署罪名成立。
• They are both charged with conspiracy to defraud an insurance company of $20 000. 他们俩被指控合谋诈骗保险公司二万美元。
vt. [法] 欺骗
 - sell, fox, kid, take in sb, give the shaft

Word: amalgam
Front: amalgam
[əˈmælgəm] (宝 17090/18782 -1)
Vocabulary: amalgam
(once / 1920 pages)
n
In science, when you mix a metal with mercury to soften it, you create an amalgam. Otherwise, an amalgam is simply a combination of two or more unlike things into one.
Use amalgam when the mixture of several things creates something different and larger. If your school puts together a drug prevention task force of police, doctors, teachers, social workers, and students, the task force is an amalgam of local resources. If your band plays a combination of country music and jazz, they play an amalgam of contemporary styles. We can only hope they play it well.
WORD FAMILY
amalgam: amalgamate, amalgams+/ amalgamate: amalgamated, amalgamates, amalgamating, amalgamation, amalgamator/ amalgamation: amalgamations/amalgamator: amalgamators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The amalgam of ballerina finesse and daft diva antics is brilliant, unsettling, riveting: the epitome of Trocks style.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
“The skills needed to do this are an interesting amalgam of being direct and showing patience.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 11, 2016)
The resulting amalgam of person and persona floats just out of reach.
Slate(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 汞合金; 混合物
分布：汞合金(65%)，混合物(35%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根malg, 软，融合，同mel, 软，见melt, 融化。原指炼金术里水银与其它金属的融合。
【记】前后两个am结合－混合
noun
METALS 多种金属
uncountable specialized
■a mixture of mercury and another metal, especially one used by dentists to repair teeth （尤指牙医用来补牙的）汞合金，汞齐
• an amalgam filling 汞合金补牙填料
[ə'mæl.gəm] noun
MIXTURE 混合物
only singular
■a combination of parts that create a complete whole 混合物；综合体
• The show was a wonderful amalgam of dance, music and drama. 这场表演出神入化地将舞蹈、音乐和戏剧融为一体。
• Nearly every new parent feels an amalgam of joy and terror. 几乎每一个初为父母的人都会感到既喜悦又恐惧。
n. [材] 汞合金， [化工] 汞齐；混合物
 - mixture, hybrid, mix, compound

Word: Likert-type

Word: school-age
Front: school-age
['sku:leidʒ] None
Back: adj. 学龄的
分布：学龄的(100%)

Word: inwardly
Front: inwardly
[ˈɪnwədli] (17115/12697)
Back: adv. 在内心，秘密地
分布：在内部(38%)，向内地(37%)，在内心里(25%)
→来自inward,向内，-ly,副词后缀。
US [-wɚd-] adverb
■inside your mind and not expressed to other people 在内心，暗自地
• He was inwardly relieved that the test was cancelled. 考试取消了，他暗自松了一口气。
adv. 向内地；思想上；在内部
 - within, inland

Word: shallow
Front: shallow
[ˈʃæləʊ] (高研四六托雅 4123/4269 -K2)
Vocabulary: shallow
(once / 329 pages)
adjnv
The adjective shallow can describe things that aren't very deep, like a shallow puddle, or people who don't have much emotional or intellectual depth, like shallow people who judge others on their looks and how much money they have.
Shallow likely comes from the Old English word sceald, which means "shoal," the water near a shoreline. So, shallow describes something that is close to the surface — like the shallow roots of a newly-planted tree or a person whose interest in someone or something isn't very deep. For instance, a shallow person might go to the opening of a new art exhibition not so much to see the artworks as meet the wealthy people on the museum's board of trustees.
WORD FAMILY
shallow: shallowed, shallower, shallowest, shallowing, shallowly, shallowness, shallows+/shallowness: shallownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The job is very hard, and the pool is terribly shallow.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Heat the remaining oil in a large ovenproof sauté pan or shallow cast-iron casserole large enough to fit the chicken in a single layer.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The decrease probably reflects rising mortgage rates and the shallow inventory of properties on the market.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 浅的，肤浅的; 表面的，皮毛的; （水，器物等）浅的; （呼吸）浅的
n. 浅处; 浅滩
v. 使变浅; 使变浅薄
时态：shallowed, shallowing, shallows
分布：浅的(58%)，浅滩(14%)，薄的(13%)，变浅(9%)，浅处(6%)
→来自古英语 sceald,浅的，来自 Proto-Germanic*skalaz,晒干的，浅的，来自 skel,使变干， 可能来自 skai,照耀，照射，词源同 shine,sheen.引申比喻义浅薄的。
a.浅的,浅薄的n.浅滩,浅处In the hall, the shallow challenger shall be allowed to swallow the swallows.在大厅里,肤浅的挑战者将被允许吞下燕子.
【记】shal，low低的－浅的
【反】profound（adj 深刻的；造诣深的）
US [-oʊ] adjective
NOT DEEP 不深的
 ESSENTIAL
■having only a short distance from the top to the bottom 浅的，不深的
• The stream was quite shallow so we were able to walk across it. 小溪很浅，所以我们可以涉水过去。
• She told her children to stay in the shallow end (of the swimming pool). 她叫孩子们留在（游泳池的）浅水区。
• Fry the onions in a shallow pan. 用浅平底锅把洋葱煎一下。
• These beech trees have shallow roots (= roots which do not go very deep into the ground). 这些山毛榉的根不深。
shallow breathing
■breathing in which you only take a small amount of air into your lungs with each breath 浅呼吸
UK ['ʃæl.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
NOT SERIOUS 不严肃的 disapproving
■not showing serious or careful thought 肤浅的，浅薄的
• I found the film rather shallow. 我认为这部电影很肤浅。
• I think she found him physically quite attractive but a bit shallow. 我认为，她觉得他外表相当迷人，只是有些肤浅。
UK ['ʃæl.əʊ] US [-oʊ] noun
the shallows [plural]
■the shallow part of an area of water 浅水处，浅滩
• Alligators live in the shallows. 短吻鳄生活在浅水处。
superficial, shallow
这组词都有“肤浅的，浅薄的”的意思，其区别是：
superficial: 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。
shallow: 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。
adj. 浅的；肤浅的
 - low, flat, surface
n. [地理] 浅滩
 - bank, ford, decharge, shoaliness
vt. 使变浅
 - shoal
vi. 变浅
 - shoal

Word: articulated
Front: articulated
[ɑ:ˈtɪkjuleɪtɪd] (17134/14586)
Vocabulary: articulated
(once / 5642 pages)
adj
Something is articulated if it's made of sections connected by joints. Articulated limbs have bones that bend where they join, at an elbow or a wrist for example.
Human bodies are full of articulated sections, with joints at the knees, hips, shoulders, and so on. You can also describe an object as articulated if it's made up of pieces that connect in flexible segments. A long train can be composed of articulated cars. Articulated comes from the verb articulate, "to divide into distinct parts," from the Latin articulare, "separate into joints," and the Latin root articulus, "joint."
WORD FAMILY
articulated: unarticulated+/ articulate: articulated, articulately, articulateness, articulates, articulating, articulation, articulative, articulator, articulatory, disarticulate, inarticulate, unarticulate/ articulation: articulations/articulator: articulators/disarticulate: disarticulated, disarticulating/ inarticulate: inarticulately
USAGE EXAMPLES
The prosecutors are also likely to re-emphasize the considerable evidence of Mr. Roof’s premeditation and clearly articulated racial intent.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
To just refer to the fact that this academic did studies without providing counter studies or more specific and articulated examples was not sufficient.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Trump, as many of them suggested, articulated what was on their minds.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. & adj. 铰接（的），枢接（的），有关节（的）
v. 清楚地表达( articulate的过去式和过去分词 ); 形成关节; 与…合成整体
分布：铰接的(50%)，关节联接的(25%)，动词articulate的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
US [ɑ:r'tɪk.jʊ.leɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■describes a vehicle that consists of two or more parts which bend where they are joined, in order to help the vehicle turn corners （车辆）铰接的
• an articulated vehicle 铰接式车辆
• UK An articulated lorry has overturned on the south-bound carriageway, shedding its load. 一辆铰接式货车在南行车道上翻车了，货物散落一地。
adj. [机] 铰接式的；清晰的；组织缜密的； [生物] 有关节的
 - defined, plain

Word: cystic
Front: cystic
['sɪstɪk] (17116/17543)
Back: adj. 胞囊的，膀胱的，胆囊的
分布：囊的(40%)，膀胱的(34%)，胆囊的(26%)
adj. [解剖] 囊的；膀胱的，胆囊的；胞囊的
 - bursal, vesicular

Word: personification
Front: personification
[pəˌsɒnɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] (宝 17240/20253)
Vocabulary: personification
(once / 3167 pages)
n
Personification means "giving humans qualities to an abstract idea," as in a movie villain who is the personification of evil.
You can use the noun personification in two ways. In the first, a person who is known for a certain quality, like wisdom, is said to represent that quality in a way any can understand, like a patient, generous person who is the personification of kindness. On the other hand, personification can give human qualities to something that isn’t human. For example, you might say, “The sea is angry,” assigning it a human emotion.
WORD FAMILY
personification: personifications+/depersonalise: depersonalisation, depersonalising/depersonalize: depersonalization, depersonalized, depersonalizing/ impersonal: impersonally/ interpersonal: interpersonally/nonperson: nonpersons/ person: foreperson, nonperson, personable, personal, personhood, personify, persons, unperson/ personable: personableness, personabler, personably/ personal: impersonal, interpersonal, nonpersonal, personalise, personality, personalize, personally, personals/personalise: depersonalise, personalised, personalising/ personality: personalities/personalize: depersonalize, personalized, personalizes, personalizing/ personify: personification, personified, personifies, personifying/unperson: unpersons
USAGE EXAMPLES
With the incessant stream of Bowie the New Yorker articles, he must be the personification of "New York" values.
New York Times(Jan 27, 2016)
From a giggly teen viewpoint, “guilty feet” was a hilariously maladroit personification, too fleshy and too cerebral all at once.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
In Trump we see a perfect fusion of the two main uses of celebrity culture: corporate personification and mass distraction.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 人格化; 拟人化
分布：化身(60%)，拟人(28%)，典型(7%)，具体化(5%)
N-SING
体现某种品质（或特点）的人；典型；化身
If you say that someone is the personification of a particular thing or quality, you mean that they are a perfect example of that thing or that they have a lot of that quality.
例：Janis Joplin was the personification of the '60s female rock singer...贾尼斯·乔普林是20世纪60年代摇滚女歌手的代表。
例：He was usually the personification of kindness.他通常都很和善。
N-VAR
拟人化；象征
A personification of something abstract is its representation in the form of a person.
例：...personifications of the attributes of Justice, Prudence and Truth.正义、审慎和真理的化身
n. 人格化；化身；拟人法（一种修辞手法）；象征
 - symbol, picture, significant, indication, pink

Word: carpet
Front: carpet
[ˈkɑ:pɪt] (高研四六雅 4112/2484 -K2)
Vocabulary: carpet
(once / 301 pages)
nv
A carpet is a thick, woven floor covering. Most carpets cover the whole floor in a room, as opposed to a rug, which only covers a small section.
Carpets are made from polyester fibers, or wool, or nylon — most often, these soft materials are loops or strings that form the carpet's "pile," and are attached to a solid backing. A carpet can be very densely woven and flat, or it can be tufted and thick. To carpet means to cover something as if with a carpet: "Then the snow carpets the ground, and winter is here."
WORD FAMILY
carpet: carpeted, carpeting, carpets, carpetting+/carpeted: uncarpeted/carpeting: carpetings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Outside the New York Film Festival, the writer-director Mike Mills kept freezing up on the red carpet.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
“I remembered seeing the girls on the red carpet: elegant, smiling, fresh, happy,” Mr. Soria said.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
“I felt like Aladdin on my flying magic carpet.”
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 地毯，桌毯; 毛毯，绒毯; 地毯状覆盖物; （装在飞机上的）雷达电子干扰仪
vt. 在…上铺地毯; 把地毯铺在…上; 斥责
时态：carpeted, carpeting, carpets
分布：地毯(97%)，地毯状物(1%)，铺以地毯(1%)，铺盖(1%)
→来自PIE *sker, *kerp, 砍，切，收割，词源同harvest, shear. 即用粗糙羊毛制作的毯子。
n.地毯The career carpenter put the cargo on the carbon carpet.职业木匠把货物放到碳质地毯上.
US ['kɑ:r-] noun
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■(a shaped piece of) thick woven material used for covering floors 地毯；地毯织物
• We've just had a new carpet fitted/laid in our bedroom. 我们刚在卧室里铺了块新地毯。
• UK We've got fitted (= cut to fit exactly) carpets in the bedrooms. 我们的卧室的地毯刚好铺满地面。
only singular
■a layer of something that covers the ground （覆盖地面的）一层
• a carpet of snow 一层积雪
• Our lawn is a carpet of daisies. 我们的草坪上开满了雏菊。
UK ['kɑ:.pɪt] US ['kɑ:r-] noun
be on the carpet mainly US
■to be in trouble with someone in authority 被上司责备，受老板训斥
UK ['kɑ:.pɪt] US ['kɑ:r-] verb transitive
COVER 覆盖
■to cover something with carpet 在…上铺地毯
• We need to carpet the stairs. 我们需要在楼梯铺上地毯。
be carpeted with sth
■to be covered with something 覆盖着一层…，铺着一层…
• In spring this area is carpeted with bluebells. 春天，这里遍地都是风铃草。
UK ['kɑ:.pɪt] US ['kɑ:r-] verb transitive
CRITICIZE 批评 UK informal
■to severely criticize someone who has made a mistake 训斥，责骂，呵斥
blanket, rug, carpet
这组词都有“毛毯，地毯”的意思，其区别是：
blanket: 指厚实的棉、毛织品，用于铺床或披在身上保暖的毛毯。
rug: 指小地毯或旅行用的小毛毯。
carpet: 指用来铺地板或楼梯的厚实的棉、毛地毯。
vt. 在…上铺地毯，把地毯铺在…上；斥责
 - tongue, be down on
n. [纺] 地毯；地毯状覆盖物
 - footcloth

Word: intensively
Front: intensively
[ɪn'tensɪvlɪ] (17197/15030)
Back: adv. 强烈地，集中地
分布：集中地(75%)，加强地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
加强的;集中的;密集的
Intensive activity involves concentrating a lot of effort or people on one particular task in order to try to achieve a great deal in a short time.
例：...several days and nights of intensive negotiations...几天几夜紧锣密鼓的谈判
例：Each counsellor undergoes an intensive training programme before beginning work.每个辅导员在上岗前都要接受密集培训。
ADJ-GRADED
集约(经营)的;精耕细作的
Intensive farming involves producing as many crops or animals as possible from your land, usually with the aid of chemicals.
例：Elsewhere large areas have been drained and levelled for industry or intensive farming.在别处,大片区域被抽干了水或铲平了地，以作为工业或集约化农业用地。
例：...intensive methods of rearing poultry.饲养家禽的集约化方法
adv. 强烈地；集中地
 - consumingly, vividly

Word: awkwardness
Front: awkwardness
['ɔ:kwədnəs] (17202/19957)
Back: n. 笨拙; 粗劣; 难为情; 尴尬
分布：笨拙(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
使人尴尬的；难处理的；棘手的
An awkward situation is embarrassing and difficult to deal with.
例：I was the first to ask him awkward questions but there'll be harder ones to come...我是第一个向他提出尴尬问题的人，不过还会有人问更难回答的问题。
例：There was an awkward moment as couples decided whether to stand next to their partners.大家在决定是否要站到自己配偶身旁时，这一刻令人尴尬。
ADJ-GRADED
难使用的；难携带的；（工作）难处理的
Something that is awkward to use or carry is difficult to use or carry because of its design. A job that is awkward is difficult to do.
例：It was small but heavy enough to make it awkward to carry...它虽然小，但很重，不便携带。
例：Full-size tripods can be awkward, especially if you're shooting a low-level subject.标准尺寸的三脚架可能会不便于使用，用于拍摄低角度的物体时尤其如此。
ADJ-GRADED
（行动）笨拙的；（姿势）别扭的
An awkward movement or position is uncomfortable or clumsy.
例：Amy made an awkward gesture with her hands.埃米笨拙地做了个手势。
ADJ-GRADED
害羞的；尴尬的；局促不安的
Someone who feels awkward behaves in a shy or embarrassed way.
例：Women frequently say that they feel awkward taking the initiative in sex...女人们经常说她们不好意思在性生活上采取主动。
例：He was rather awkward with his godson.在教子面前，他非常局促不安。
ADJ-GRADED
不可理喻的；难打交道的；难相处的
If you say that someone is awkward, you are critical of them because you find them unreasonable and difficult to live with or deal with.
例：She's got to an age where she is being awkward.她到了难相处的年龄。
n. 尴尬；笨拙
 - pretty pass, clumsiness

Word: disinfectant
Front: disinfectant
[ˌdɪsɪnˈfektənt] (宝 17170/15912)
Back: n. 消毒剂，杀菌剂
分布：消毒剂(93%)，消毒的(7%)
消毒剂(disinfect消毒)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
US [-tˌənt] noun countable or uncountable
■a substance which contains chemicals that kill bacteria and is used especially for cleaning surfaces in toilets and kitchens （尤指用于厕所、厨房表面消毒的）消毒剂，除菌剂
n. [药] 消毒剂
 - sterilizing agent, sterilant
adj. [药] 消毒的
 - sterilizing

Word: jurist
Front: jurist
[ˈdʒʊərɪst] (17176/24539)
Back: n. 法理学家
分布：法学家(75%)，法律著作家(11%)，法理学者(11%)，法律工作者(3%)
→来自jury,陪审团，-ist,人。即陪审团成员，有法律知识的人，引申词义法学家，法律学专家。
US ['dʒʊr.ɪst] specialized
noun countable
■an expert in law, especially a judge 法学家；法律专家；（尤指）法官
n. 法学家；法官；律师； [法] 法律著作家
 - justice, judge, bands, advocate

Word: co-pilot
Front: co-pilot
None None
Back: n. 副驾驶员，自动驾驶仪
N-COUNT
(飞机的)副驾驶员
The co-pilot of an aircraft is a pilot who assists the chief pilot.
例：The pilot was seriously injured and the co-pilot took over.飞机驾驶员受了重伤，副驾驶员于是代替其驾驶。
n. [航] 副驾驶；自动驾驶仪
 - autopilot, robot pilot

Word: preservative
Front: preservative
[prɪˈzɜ:vətɪv] (托宝 17163/20370 -1)
Vocabulary: preservative
(once / 5866 pages)
adjn
Anything that's preservative keeps things alive, healthy, or fresh. Some cooks swear by the preservative powers of lemon juice, which can keep fruit tasting fresh and save avocado slices from turning brown.
Use preservative as an adjective — or a noun, for a chemical or other substance that keeps something from dying or breaking down. Food preservatives are sometimes added to make edible things last longer, and to items like medication and cosmetics, so they don't decay before you've finished using them. Preservative followed the verb preserve, which in the fourteenth century meant "to keep something safe."
WORD FAMILY
preservative: preservatives+/ preservation: preservationist, preservations, self-preservation/preservationist: preservationists/ preserve: preservable, preservation, preservative, preserved, preserver, preserves, preserving/preserver: preservers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fat Grape, which makes only red wines and does not add sulfites, a preservative, offers free tastings; fatgrapewinery.com.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Orange blossom water is added for flavor and a splash of vodka or cognac as a preservative.
Seattle Times(Nov 22, 2016)
Most controversially, natural winemakers use little or no sulfur, a natural preservative that prevents the wine from going funky in the bottle.
Washington Post(Nov 05, 2016)
Back: n. 防腐剂; 预防法; 防护层
adj. 防腐的，（能）保存的; 储藏的; 有保护力的
分布：防腐剂(83%)，防腐的(5%)，预防法(5%)，有保存力的(3%)，保存的(3%)，预防药(1%)
→来自preserve,保护，保存。引申词义防腐剂。
防腐的(preserve保存)[-arive表形容词."有…倾向(性质)的"]
【记】源于：preserve（v 保护）
【参】reserve（v /n 储备）；conserve（v 保存）
US [-'zɝ:.və.tˌɪv] noun
countable or uncountable
■a substance used to prevent decay in wood （木材的）防腐剂，保护剂
• a timber/wood preservative 木材防腐剂
• The fence has been treated with preservative. 围栏经过防腐处理。
countable
■a chemical used to stop food from decaying （食品）防腐剂，保鲜剂
• This bread is completely free from artificial preservatives. 这种面包绝不含人工防腐剂。
• No added preservatives. 未添加任何防腐剂。
• natural preservatives 天然防腐剂
n. [助剂] 防腐剂；预防法；防护层
 - antiseptic agent, conserving agent
adj. [助剂] 防腐的；有保存力的；有保护性的
 - antirot, rotproof

Word: courtly
Front: courtly
[ˈkɔ:tli] (托 17198/20420)
Vocabulary: courtly
(once / 1666 pages)
adj
The word courtly has nothing to do with a basketball court or court of law. Rather, courtly things relate to royal courts: they're sophisticated and grand.
Think about the pomp that surrounds a royal wedding in England, and you'll get a sense of the lavish, expensive, regal nature of courtly things. Nothing courtly is common, cheap, or average. Since kings like the finer things in life, courtly things are similarly extravagant and impressive.
WORD FAMILY
courtly: courtlier, courtliest, courtliness+/ court: courted, courting, courtly, courts, forecourt/courting: courtings/forecourt: forecourts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ten years ago the danger for Europe was of courtly decline into irrelevance.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
“The number of jobs will be in the thousands,” predicted Seman, a courtly, retired middle school principal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
I was placed across from Glenn and found him to be cordial and courtly, but somewhat shy.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 谦和而有威严的
分布：典雅的(44%)，有教养的(28%)，庄严的(28%)
US ['kɔ:rt-] adjective
■polite and formal in behaviour 有礼貌的；有教养的；彬彬有礼的
adj. 尊严而有礼貌的；奉承的；有宫廷气派的，威严的
 - august, imperial

Word: sizzling
Front: sizzling
[ˈsɪzlɪŋ] (17217/20703)
Back: v. 发咝咝声( sizzle的现在分词 ); 表现良好，进行顺利; 把…烧得哧哧响，烧焦; 恶言相骂
分布：咝咝的声音(30%)，嘶嘶作响(30%)，表现极好(20%)，使 ...烧得咝咝作响(20%)
/-lɪŋ] (also sizzling hot)
adverb
■very hot 酷热地；极热地
• It's a sizzling hot day today! 今天太热了！
adj. 极热的
 - blistering

Word: hemorrhage
Front: hemorrhage
['hemərɪdʒ] (宝 17340/-)
Vocabulary: hemorrhage
(once / 3627 pages)
nv
Medically speaking, a hemorrhage is a rapid loss of blood. If you fall and hit your head really hard, the doctors will check to see there's no cerebral hemorrhage, or bleeding in your brain.
Hemorrhage is pronounced HEM-or-edge. Blame the Greeks for the funny spelling, because like many medical terms, this one comes from Greek roots. Besides the medical meaning, we use hemorrhage to mean the uncontrollable loss of other things. If sudden disaster is making you hemorrhage money, you'll have to cut back on fancy dinners and new shoes. Can I recommend frozen pizza?
WORD FAMILY
hemorrhage: hemorrhaged, hemorrhages, hemorrhagic, hemorrhaging+/hemorrhagic: hemorrhagically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city hemorrhaged civilian dead, and America, once the preeminent power in the region, did virtually nothing.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
The rainbow-sherbet colors of Yong Soon Min’s installation at Commonwealth & Council seem a bit cheery for a work inspired by a brain hemorrhage.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The Lowhill Township man fell, suffering skull fractures, brain hemorrhages and lacerations.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指大量的）出血，失血
vi. 大出血
时态：hemorrhaged, hemorrhaging, hemorrhages
分布：出血(97%)，溢血(2%)，失控的行为(1%)
大出血(hemo+rrhage流出)[hemo=blood(血)]
【记】hemo血，rrhage“不正常的流出，超量溢流”－大出血
US [-ɚ-] noun countable verb intransitive US for haemorrhage
n. [病理] 出血（等于haemorrhage）；番茄汁
 - bleeding, haemorrhage

Word: purple
Front: purple
[ˈpɜ:pl] (中高研四六托 3894/5326 -K2)
Vocabulary: purple
(once / 215 pages)
nadjv
Purple is a shade that's a mixture of red and blue. If you are eating a grape Popsicle, get ready to spend a while with a purple tongue and lips.
The Greek root of purple is porphyra, which was the name of the shellfish from which purple dye was made. Long ago, only royalty could wear — and afford the dye for — purple clothing. If the setting sun purples the sky, the light is making the horizon appear to be colored purple, just as a bruise purples your skin. Purple prose is a literary term that refers to overly flowery or exaggerated writing.
WORD FAMILY
purple: purpled, purpleness, purpler, purples, purplest, purpling, purplish, purply, purpurate+/purpurate: purpurates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yes, this is still a nation of purple mountain majesties and fruited plains.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The Purple Eagles’ final 3 was off the mark.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The bottle’s purple label with floral images was designed to attract female shoppers’ attention in a wine aisle dominated by dull colors.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 紫色的; 帝王的; 词藻华美的
n. 紫色; 紫（红）衣，紫袍; 帝位，皇权; 皇族
vt. 使成紫色
vi. 变紫
时态：purpled, purpling, purples
分布：紫色(73%)，紫色的(25%)，皇室(1%)，辞藻华丽的(1%)
→来自古英语purpul,来自purpure的异化词，来自拉丁语purpura,紫色的，紫颜料，来自希腊语porphyra,紫色的，紫颜料，词源同porphyry,porphyrite.
a.紫的n.紫色In church the nurse cursed the people pursuing the purple purse.在教堂里,护士诅咒了追求紫色钱包的人们.
US ['pɝ:-] adjective
COLOUR 颜色
 ADVANCED
■of a dark reddish blue colour 紫色的，紫红色的
• purple plums 紫色的李子
• a dark purple bruise 一块青肿
purple in the face/purple with rage
■dark red in the face because of anger 气得脸色发青
UK ['pɜ:.pl] US ['pɝ:-] adjective
STYLE 风格 UK describes a piece of writing which is complicated or sounds false because the writer has tried too hard to make the style interesting （作品）词藻华丽的，华而不实的
• Despite occasional patches of purple prose , the book is mostly clear and incisive. 这本书尽管偶尔有几段词藻华丽的文句，但总体来讲文风简洁明了。
UK ['pɜ:.pl] US ['pɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
 ADVANCED
■a dark reddish blue colour 紫色，紫红色
• Purple is my favourite colour. 我喜欢的颜色是紫色。
• The evening sky was full of purples and reds. 傍晚的天空布满紫色和红色的云彩。
adj. 紫色的；帝王的；华而不实的
 - regal, violet
n. 紫色；紫袍
 - lila, amethyst
vt. 使成紫色
 - empurple

Word: all-day
Front: all-day
[ˈɔ:lˈdei] None
Back: adj. 全天的
分布：全天的(100%)
adj. 全天的
 - round-the-clock

Word: claimant
Front: claimant
[ˈkleɪmənt] (17177/7258 -1)
Back: n. 原告; 索取者; [法]原告，债权
分布：原告(51%)，要求者(25%)，索偿人(17%)，申请者(7%)
noun countable
■a person who asks for something which they believe belongs to them or which they have a right to 要求者；索赔人；认领人
n. 原告； [贸易] 索赔人；提出要求者
 - plaintiff, demandant

Word: baste
Front: baste
[beɪst] (托宝 17193/26541)
Vocabulary: baste
(once / 3000 pages)
1v 2vn 3v
When cooks baste food, they brush or drizzle a savory liquid on it as it's cooking. If you baste your Thanksgiving turkey while it bakes, it will stay moist and tender.
A chef might baste grilled vegetables with their marinade, or baste roasting meat with its own oily drippings. The technique keeps food from drying out as it cooks. Another meaning of baste is "to sew loosely." You might quickly baste the hem of a curtain before stitching it securely in place. The origin of the culinary baste is a bit of a mystery, but the sewing term comes from the Old French bastir, "construct" or "sew up."
WORD FAMILY
baste: basted, bastes, basting+/basting: bastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“If you’re slammed, you can just drop the scallops into a hot pan and not worry about flipping or basting,” he said.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
Meanwhile, baste the bird all over with melted butter.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Bake, basting with juices every 20 minutes, until pumpkin is candied but not burned, about 75 minutes.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 打; 粗缝; 痛斥; （烤肉等时）往上抹[浇]油
时态：basted, basting, bastes
分布：大骂(40%)，涂以奶油(15%)，润以油脂(15%)，痛斥(15%)，疏缝(15%)
→1.粗缝，来自词根fasc, 编织，同basket.
【记】baste＝bake＋toast（这两个词都是烤的意思）baste能产生taste
verb transitive
POUR 倾倒
■to pour hot fat and liquid over meat while it is cooking （烤肉时）给…抹油脂
• Baste the turkey at regular intervals. 每隔一会儿就给火鸡涂一次油脂。
[beɪst] verb transitive
SEW 缝纫 mainly US for tack (SEW)
• Baste the seams. 把线缝缝上。
vt. 粗缝；在…上涂油；狠揍；大骂
 - tack on, duff up
n. 调味品；涂抹液
 - seasoning, dressing

Word: promiscuous
Front: promiscuous
[prəˈmɪskjuəs] (17225/19655 -1)
Vocabulary: promiscuous
(once / 2278 pages)
adj
The adjective promiscuous is often used pejoratively to refer to someone who has many romantic partners. However, the word can also be used in a general sense to mean "not limited, restrained, or restricted." If you're a promiscuous reader, you'll read just about anything — from biographies to science fiction to the back of the cereal box.
Promiscuous is not limited to a romantic context. Long ago promiscuous described "a disorderly mixture of people and things," and shades of that original meaning linger. If a chef at an Italian restaurant is promiscuous, you might find him mixing ingredients from South America or Asia into his pasta. Carpet bombing as opposed to targeted invasion might be called a promiscuous use of military force.
WORD FAMILY
promiscuous: promiscuity, promiscuously, promiscuousness+/promiscuity: promiscuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the spirit of promiscuous speculation, we will float this notion: The moon is back!
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
As promiscuous in life as in art, Picabia almost always had a wife and a mistress, or two mistresses, who tended to get along.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Qin retaliates by accusing her of being promiscuous, a “Madame Bovary.”
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. （尤指）性关系随便的; 混杂的; 随便的; 淫乱
分布：杂乱的(88%)，不规则的(12%)
→pro-,向前，-misc,混杂，词源同mix,miscellany.比喻用法。
混杂的(pro多＋misc+uous→混合得多→混杂的,滥交的)[Misc=mix,表示"混淆"]
滥交的(pro前面+misc混杂...混杂乱交[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】pro前，mis＝mix混合，cuity－滥交的
[prə'mɪs.kju.əs] disapproving
adjective
■(of a person) having a lot of different sexual partners or sexual relationships, or (of sexual habits) involving a lot of different partners （人）滥交的，淫乱的
• I suppose I was quite promiscuous in my youth. 我想我年轻时生活很放荡。
• It's an often repeated fallacy that homosexual men have more promiscuous lifestyles than heterosexuals. 认为同性恋男子比异性恋男子的生活更加淫乱，这是一个很常见的谬论。
adj. 混杂的；杂乱的
 - miscellaneous, jumbly
adv. 偶然地；胡乱地
 - random, wild, accidentally

Word: carol
Front: carol
[ˈkærəl] (宝 28576/5731 -1)
Vocabulary: carol
(once / 830 pages)
nv
A carol is a religious song that's sung around Christmas time. In some towns, people who celebrate Christmas go to neighbors' houses and sing carols.
The most well-known carols are Christmas carols, but word applies to other religious songs as well. Various hymns and folk songs are sometimes called carols, and you can use the word as a verb to mean "sing a carol." In the 14th century, carol meant "to sing," but also "to dance in a ring," from the Old French carole, "ring dance accompanied by singers," probably from the Greek khoraules, "flute player who accompanies the dance."
WORD FAMILY
carol: caroled, caroler, caroling, carolled, carolling, carols+/caroler: carolers/caroling: carolings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area — although the U.S.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Family matriarch Carol Bundy is expressing fear that the government will ban grazing in the Gold Butte area - although the U.S.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Carol Morello in Washington contributed to this report.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 圣诞之歌，（宗教）颂歌; 卡罗尔舞蹈
vi. 欢乐地唱; 唱圣诞颂歌
vt. 欢唱; 歌唱庆祝
时态：carolled, carolling, carols
分布：颂歌(80%)，欢唱(15%)，欢乐的歌(5%)
→来自PIE *gher, 围，围场。词源同chorus, garden. 原指围成一圈唱歌，庆祝。
【源】choral dance 卡勒尔舞：古代的一种有伴唱的圆圈舞或集体舞
【记】有一首外文歌《carol》，表达了歌唱人对carol（卡罗尔，女子名）的爱慕之情。
US ['ker-] noun countable
■a happy or religious song, usually one sung at Christmas 欢快的歌；圣歌；（通常指）圣诞颂歌
• a carol concert 颂歌音乐会
• 'Silent Night' is my favourite (Christmas) carol. “平安夜”是我最喜欢的圣诞颂歌。
UK ['kær.əl] US ['ker-] verb intransitive (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
■to sing songs, especially carols, in a loud and happy way 欢快地歌唱；（尤指）唱颂歌
n. 颂歌，赞美诗；欢乐之歌
 - epithalamion, canticle
vt. 欢唱；歌颂
 - praise, pay a tribute to

Word: holocaust
Front: holocaust
[ˈhɒləkɔ:st] (托雅宝 15211/20487 -1)
Vocabulary: holocaust
(once / 10658 pages)
n
The noun holocaust means "total destruction." However, this word has become inextricably connected with World War II and the mass murder of Jews by the Nazis (in this usage, Holocaust is capitalized).
When holocaust entered the English language in the thirteenth century, it referred to burnt offerings described in the Old Testament. The original Greek word meant "burnt whole" (note the relationship to the word caustic). Since at least 1942, though, the word is most often used to describe the extermination of Jews by the Nazis. Some people object to the religious connotations of the word, though, preferring to use the Hebrew Shoah (catastrophe) instead.
WORD FAMILY
holocaust: holocausts
USAGE EXAMPLES
His career, he wrote, was “divided between pursuing the dream of discovery and working to avoid the nightmare of a nuclear holocaust.”
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
AdSense helpfully suggested possible “Ad group ideas” and search terms that included: “holocaust hoax”, “was the holocaust fake” and “did the holocaust happen”.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
We had to be on America’s, but for a day or two we feared a nuclear holocaust unless Khrushchev backed off.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 大屠杀; 浩劫; 毁灭
分布：大屠杀(69%)，燔祭(16%)，浩劫(15%)
→holo-,整个的，整体的，-caust,燃烧，词源同caustic,cauterize.引申词义大灾难，大毁灭。
大火灾(holo全部+caust-全部烧光)[caust=bun(烧)]
【记】holo完全，整个，caust烧－浩劫holo＝hollow（空）；caust＝cause（v 导致）－导致空－大屠杀
【参】caustic（adj 腐蚀性的；刻薄的）；cauterize（v 烧灼）
US ['hɑ:.lə.kɑ:st] noun countable
■a very large amount of destruction, especially by fire or heat, or the killing of very large numbers of people 大屠杀，大毁灭，浩劫
• A nuclear holocaust (= destruction caused by nuclear weapons) would leave few survivors. 一场核武浩劫后，几乎没多少幸存者。
n. 大屠杀；毁灭
 - destruction, death

Word: life-saving
Front: life-saving
[laif ˈseiviŋ] None
Back: n. 救生（法）
分布：延长寿命(100%)
(also lifesaving) ['laɪfˌseɪ.vɪŋ] adjective
■done to prevent someone from dying 救命的
• She had a life-saving operation to remove a blood clot. 她接受了一个救生手术，医生把她的一个血块摘除了。
• the charity's life-saving work in Africa 慈善机构在非洲拯救生命的事业
(also lifesaving) ['laɪfˌseɪ.vɪŋ] noun uncountable
■when you learn how to save someone's life when they have fallen into water （对落水者的）救生术
• a certificate in life-saving 救生证书

Word: centuries-old
Front: centuries-old
['sentʃərɪz'əʊld] None
Back: adj. 悠久的
分布：悠久的(100%)

Word: dictum
Front: dictum
[ˈdɪktəm] (托宝 17196/12484)
Vocabulary: dictum
(once / 2674 pages)
n
"You are what you eat" is a dictum, and so is a law requiring you to curb your dog. A dictum is a formal pronouncement, a rule, or a statement that expresses a truth universally acknowledged.
Dictum dates from the 16th Century. It descended from a Latin word that means "something said." In contemporary use, it means more like "something that is officially said." If the principal of your school issues a dictum declaring "no jeans in school," it's time to go shopping.
WORD FAMILY
dictum: dicta, dictums
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are breaking the first dictum of history professor Timothy Snyder’s 20-point guide to defending democracy under a Trump presidency: do not obey in advance.
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
The old dictum stands — my enemy’s enemy is my friend.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
In the meantime, his daughters froze in their threadbare clothes, living out the dicta of their father’s utopian programme.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 宣言; 声明; 名言; 格言
分布：格言(60%)，名言(40%)
→来自词根dict, 说话，命令，词源同dictionary. 引申义格言。
格言;断言(dict+um→说[出]的话→格言)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
【记】dict说
['dɪk.təm] (plural dicta or dictums)
noun countable
■a short statement, especially one expressing advice or a general truth 格言，隽语
• He followed the famous American dictum, 'Don't get mad, get even'. 他信奉那条著名的美国格言：“光生气没用，拿出行动来。”
n. 格言；声明；法官的附带意见
 - statement, profession

Word: historiography
Front: historiography
[hɪˌstɒriˈɒgrəfi] (17303/26386)
Back: n. 编史，历史的编纂
分布：编史(64%)，史料编纂法(36%)
→historio-,历史，-graphy,写，记录。引申词义编史。

Word: ricotta
Front: ricotta
[rɪ'kɒtə] (17366/43145)
Back: n. 意大利乳清干酪
分布：意大利乳清干酪(100%)
US [-'kɑ:.tˌə] noun uncountable
■a soft white Italian cheese which does not have a strong taste （义大利产）乳清起司

Word: empathetic
Front: empathetic
[empə'θetɪk] (17215/34377)
Vocabulary: empathetic
(once / 40898 pages)
adj
An empathetic person is someone who can share another person's feelings. If you tell an empathetic person that your heart is broken, she might touch her own heart and gaze at you sadly through moist eyes.
Empathetic is a recent term; it comes from empathy, which was coined by the German philosopher Rudolf Lotze in 1858. Lotze believed that when you look at a work of art, you project your own sensibilities onto it. So if you feel sad when you see a painting of a woman weeping over a dying lover, that's because you can imagine what it's like to lose someone you love. To make the word, Lotze turned to the ancient Greek empatheia, which means "passion."
WORD FAMILY
empathetic: empathetically+/ empathize: empathized, empathizes, empathizing/ empathy: empathetic, empathies, empathise, empathize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Olivarez hopes that by being open about her own challenges, people might become empathetic to others suffering with mental illnesses.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The St. Matthew is the more openhearted, empathetic work; the St. John remains a little frightening.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
"But when we need to be empathetic and we need to be human, we've got to do that too."
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 移情作用的，感情移入的
分布：移情作用的(51%)，感情移入的(35%)，=empathic.(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
移情的;有同感的;能产生共鸣的
Someone who is empathetic has the ability to share another person's feelings or emotions as if they were their own.
例：...Clinton's skills as an empathetic listener.克林顿作为倾听者能够与对方感同身受的本领

Word: seeing
Front: seeing
['si:ɪŋ] (17168/14956)
Back: conj. <口>因为，鉴于，由于
n. 看见; 观看; 参观
v. 看见( see的现在分词 ); 观看; 领会; 考虑
分布：因为(37%)，视觉(29%)，由于(29%)，动词see的现在分词.(5%)
VERB
看见;看到
When you see something, you notice it using your eyes.
例：You can't see colours at night...晚上看不见颜色。
例：I saw a man making his way towards me...我看到一名男子向我走来。
VERB
与…见面;看望;会见
If you see someone, you visit them or meet them.
例：I saw him yesterday...我昨天见到他了。
例：Mick wants to see you in his office right away...米克要你马上去他的办公室见他。
VERB
观看，看(娱乐节目等)
If you see an entertainment such as a play, film, concert, or sports game, you watch it.
例：He had been to see a Semi-Final of the FA Cup...他看过一场足总杯半决赛。
例：It was one of the most amazing films I've ever seen.这是我看过的最精彩的电影之一。
VERB
看出;意识到
If you see that something is true or exists, you realize by observing it that it is true or exists.
例：I could see she was lonely.我能看出她很寂寞。
例：...a lot of people saw what was happening but did nothing about it...很多人都看出发生了什么事却袖手旁观。
VERB
明白;领会;理解
If you see what someone means or see why something happened, you understand what they mean or understand why it happened.
例：Oh, I see what you're saying...哦，我明白你的意思了。
例：I don't see why you're complaining...我不明白你有什么可抱怨的。
VERB
认为;把…看作
If you see someone or something as a certain thing, you have the opinion that they are that thing.
例：She saw him as a visionary, but her father saw him as a man who couldn't make a living...她认为他是一个有眼光的人，但是她父亲却认为他没有谋生的能力。
例：They have a normal body weight but see themselves as being fat...他们体重正常，但自认为偏胖。
VERB
看出;看上，欣赏(某种特质)
If you see a particular quality in someone, you believe they have that quality. If you ask what someone sees in a particular person or thing, you want to know what they find attractive about that person or thing.
例：Frankly, I don't know what Paul sees in her...坦白地说，我不知道保罗看上她什么了。
例：Young and old saw in him an implacable opponent of apartheid.无论老少都看出他是种族隔离制度的坚决反对者。
VERB
想象;预测
If you see something happening in the future, you imagine it, or predict that it will happen.
例：A good idea, but can you see Taylor trying it?...主意不错，不过你认为泰勒会尝试它吗？
例：We can see a day where all people live side by side.我们可以想象有那么一天所有人都和睦地生活在一起。
VERB
目睹;经历;见证
If a period of time or a person sees a particular change or event, it takes place during that period of time or while that person is alive.
例：Yesterday saw the resignation of the acting Interior Minister...昨天代理内政部长辞职了。
例：He had worked with the General for three years and was sorry to see him go...他与将军共事了 3 年，看他离去觉得很难过。
VERB
察看;弄清;了解
You can use see in expressions to do with finding out information. For example, if you say 'I'll see what's happening', you mean that you intend to find out what is happening.
例：Let me just see what the next song is...我来看看下一首歌是什么。
例：Every time we asked our mother, she said, 'Well, see what your father says.'...每次我们问母亲，她总是说：“噢，看你爸爸怎么说。”
VERB
想办法，尽力(帮忙)
You can use see to promise to try and help someone. For example, if you say 'I'll see if I can do it', you mean that you will try to do the thing concerned.
例：I'll see if I can call her for you...我会尽力帮你把她叫来。
例：We'll see what we can do, miss.我们会尽量想办法，小姐。
VERB
确保;保证
If you see that something is done or if you see to it that it is done, you make sure that it is done.
例：See that you take care of him...一定要照顾好他。
例：Catherine saw to it that the information went directly to Walter.凯瑟琳确保这条消息直接传达给了沃尔特。
VERB
护送;陪伴
If you see someone to a particular place, you accompany them to make sure that they get there safely, or to show politeness.
例：He didn't offer to see her to her car...他没有提出要陪她去取车。
例：'Goodnight.' — 'I'll see you out.'“晚安。”——“我送你出去。”
VERB
遇到;拜访
If you see a lot of someone, you often meet each other or visit each other.
例：We used to see quite a lot of his wife, Carolyn...我们以前经常见到他的妻子卡罗琳。
例：We didn't see much of each other after that because he was touring.从那之后我们没怎么见过面，因为他去旅行了。
VERB
与…交往;与…谈恋爱
If you are seeing someone, you spend time with them socially, and are having a romantic or sexual relationship.
例：My husband was still seeing her and he was having an affair with her.我的丈夫仍在和她来往，而且两人还搞婚外情。
VERB
(我们)知道，了解
Some writers use see in expressions such as we saw and as we have seen to refer to something that has already been explained or described.
例：We saw in Chapter 16 how annual cash budgets are produced...在第 16 章我们了解了年度现金预算是怎样制订的。
例：Using the figures given above, it can be seen that machine A pays back the initial investment in two years...从以上的数字我们可以看出，机器A在两年后就收回了最初的投资。
VERB
(书中)见，参见
See is used in books to indicate to readers that they should look at another part of the book, or at another book, because more information is given there.
例：Surveys consistently find that men report feeling safe on the street after dark. See, for example, Hindelang and Garofalo (1978)...多项调查一致显示，男性认为天黑后在大街上行走是安全的。比如，参见欣德朗和加罗法洛(1978)。
例：See Chapter 7 below for further comments on the textile industry.有关纺织业的更多评论请参看下面第 7 章。
PHRASE
既然;因为;鉴于
You can use seeing that or seeing as to introduce a reason for what you are saying.
例：He is in the marriage bureau business, which is mildly ironic seeing that his dearest wish is to get married himself...他从事婚姻介绍工作，这多少有点讽刺意味，因为他最大的愿望就是自己能结婚。
例：Seeing as Mr Moreton is a doctor, I would assume he has a modicum of intelligence.既然莫尔顿先生是位医生，我想他应该有点聪明才智。
CONVENTION
我明白;原来如此
You can say 'I see' to indicate that you understand what someone is telling you.
例：'He came home in my car.' — 'I see.'“他坐我的车回家来的。”——“哦，是这样。”
CONVENTION
(表示暂不作决定)看看吧，再说吧
People say 'I'll see' or 'We'll see' to indicate that they do not intend to make a decision immediately, and will decide later.
例：We'll see. It's a possibility.再说吧，可能会的。
CONVENTION
(表示试图记起某事或找到某物)让我想一想，让我看看
People say 'let me see' or 'let's see' when they are trying to remember something, or are trying to find something.
例：Let's see, they're six — no, make that five hours ahead of us...让我想一想，他们比我们早 6 个——不，就算是早 5 个小时完成。
例：Now let me see, who's the man we want?现在让我看一看，谁是我们要找的人？
PHRASE
意识到错误;明白事理
If you try to make someone see sense or see reason, you try to make them realize that they are wrong or are being stupid.
例：He was hopeful that by sitting together they could both see sense and live as good neighbours...他希望他们坐到一起，彼此能清醒理智，和睦为邻。
例：He tried again to get her to see reason.他再次试图让她明白自己错了。
CONVENTION
(用于向某人解释某事物并鼓励其倾听和理解)你瞧，你知道，看吧
You can say 'you see' when you are explaining something to someone, to encourage them to listen and understand.
例：Well, you see, you shouldn't really feel that way about it...好了，知道吗，对那件事你真的不应该那么想。
例：She was a prime target for blackmail, don't you see?她是敲诈的主要目标。你难道看不出来吗？
CONVENTION
再见;回头见;呆会儿见
'See you', 'be seeing you', and 'see you later' are ways of saying goodbye to someone when you expect to meet them again soon.
例：'Talk to you later.' — 'All right. See you love.'“ 回头再跟你谈。”——“好的。再见，亲爱的。”
例：'No time for chattering now.' — 'Be seeing you, then.'“现在没空闲聊。”——“那么回见。”
CONVENTION
到时候你就知道了;你等着瞧吧
You can say 'You'll see' to someone if they do not agree with you about what you think will happen in the future, and you believe that you will be proved right.
例：The thrill wears off after a few years of marriage. You'll see.婚后几年这种兴奋感就会逐渐消逝。你等着瞧吧。
n. 看见；视觉；观看；视力
 - vision, sight
conj. 因为；由于；鉴于
 - because, since, for, whereas, now
v. 看见（see的ing形式）
 - sighting

Word: penicillin
Front: penicillin
[ˌpenɪˈsɪlɪn] (托雅宝 17121/16486)
Vocabulary: penicillin
(once / 13032 pages)
n
If you have an ear infection, your doctor may give you penicillin. It's a common kind of antibiotic medicine.
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by a Scottish scientist who proved it could treat and cure all kinds of troublesome bacterial infections. The idea of using various molds to combat illness had actually been around since the Middle Ages, but penicillin was the first such medicine to be made on a large scale. The Latin root, penicillus, or "paintbrush," describes the shape of the mold cells that were used to created the original penicillin.
WORD FAMILY
penicillin: penicillins
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike some other antibiotics such as penicillin, which prevent bacteria from dividing, aminoglycosides kill bacteria.
Washington Times(Nov 25, 2016)
“During one break, he took a cab uptown to get his doctor to shoot him full of penicillin,” Shapero said.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
He has likened the proliferation of medical pot to telling patients to chew on mold instead of taking penicillin.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 青霉素，盘尼西林
分布：青霉素(100%)
→来自拉丁语penicillus,刷子，画家用小毛刷，毛笔，来自penis,尾巴，词源同penis,pencil.
[ˌpen.ə'sɪl.ɪn] specialized
noun uncountable
■a type of medicine which kills bacteria; a type of antibiotic 盘尼西林，青霉素

Word: exalt
Front: exalt
[ɪgˈzɔ:lt] (托宝 17234/18921 -1)
Vocabulary: exalt
(once / 305 pages)
v
You might like your manager, but if you exalt her, it means you really put her on a pedestal and treat her like royalty.
To exalt is to hold or raise someone up to a high position or status. It doesn't have to mean literally putting that person into a high position, but instead treating them almost like nobility. Overly doting parents exalt their infant to the point where they praise him every time he wets his diaper and call the neighbors over every time he coos.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
exalt / exult
To exalt, means to glorify or elevate something, but to exult is to rejoice. Exalt your favorite pro-wrestler, Jesus, or your status in the world. Exult when you get the last two tickets to see your favorite band.
Exalt is a transitive verb, so it needs a direct object: you have to exalt something. If we glorify God, we exalt him. It can also mean to heighten something, to increase its effects. You can exalt, or raise, the Virgin Mary, or a level, like in these examples:
His devotional writings, which exalt Mary by superstitious tales of miracles, were extremely popular in all Catholic countries. (J.H. Kurtz)
At a less exalted level, we buy and sell attention all the time, usually as part of some other transaction. (Slate)
I'm afraid, though, that very few people walk on that exalted plane. (New York Times)
To exult (with a "u") is to whoop it up, celebrate, to be happy. If you rejoice at your team's big win, you exult in it. It's an intransitive verb, so it doesn't need an object — you exult all by yourself, any way you want:
Little wonder Ferry's fans were out in force Tuesday, but they had little reason to exult as the show opened in subdued style. (Chicago Tribune)
We do have our problems and we worry and whine and complain, but we also have to celebrate and exult. (Associated Press)
Coffers will bulge, fans will exult, civilization will fail to collapse. (New York Times)
If you think something is the best thing ever and you practically worship it, you exalt it. You have to exalt something. If you're just thrilled, and your sentence doesn't require a direct object, choose exult instead.
WORD FAMILY
exalt: exaltation, exalted, exalting, exalts+/ exaltation: exaltations/ exalted: exalteder, exaltedly/exalting: exaltingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Miraculously, that weight doesn’t crush the movie; it exalts it.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Now is the time to embrace that exalted status.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The intention was surely to enjoy nights on such an exalted stage more than this but instead the impression persists of accelerating poor form.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 提高，提升; 赞扬; 使得意; 加强
时态：exalted, exalting, exalts
分布：提升(61%)，赞扬(25%)，加强(14%)
使升高(ex+alt高→高出来→升高)[ex-①表示"出,出去"②表示"前面的,前任的"]
升高,赞扬(ex出+alt→高出来→升高;赞扬)[alt=high,表示"高"]
【记】ex出，alt高－高出－赞扬
【参】altitude（n 海拔高度）；altimeter（n 高度表）；
【反】pillory（vt 上颈手枷；使人嘲笑）；condemn（vt 判刑；谴责）；humble（vt 使…卑下；贬抑）；lower in status（降低地位）；exaltation（n 提升；得意洋洋）－condemnation（n 谴责；定罪）
US [-'zɑ:lt] verb transitive formal
■to raise someone to a higher rank or more powerful position 晋升；提拔
old use
■to praise someone a lot 颂扬；高度赞扬
vt. 提升；提拔；赞扬；使得意
 - promote, upgrade, prefer, elevate

Word: readable
Front: readable
[ˈri:dəbl] (17246/12115 -1)
Vocabulary: readable
(once / 1796 pages)
adj
Readable things can be understood, interpreted, or read fairly easily. A readable restaurant menu has print that's large and clear enough for diners to make it out.
Whether or not something's readable is particularly important when you're conveying emergency instructions (like a sign showing how to help someone who's choking) or advertising something (customers can't find your store if they can't read the address in your advertisement). Another way to define readable is "fun and easy to read." Your favorite books, for example, might be fast-paced, readable mysteries.
WORD FAMILY
readable: readability, readably+/ misread: misreading, misreads/misreading: misreadings/nonreader: nonreaders/ read: misread, readable, reader, reading, reads, reread, unread/ reader: nonreader, readers, readership / readership: readerships/ reading: readings/ reread: rereading, rereads/unread: unreadable/unreadable: unreadably
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not possible to identify the model of your range from the picture you sent, but the brand, Frigidaire, is readable.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
It’s compulsively readable, too, with descriptions of feats of physical daring to stop your heart.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
Machine readable super-scaffolding data and the computer source code for the removal of repeated edges are supplied as source data files.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 易读的; 易懂的
分布：可读的(66%)，易读的(30%)，值得一读的(4%)
adjective
■easy and enjoyable to read 易懂的；读起来有趣的；可读性强的
• It is an excellent and highly readable account of the army today. 它精彩地描述了现代军队的情况，可读性很强。
adj. 可读的；易读的；读起来津津有味的
 - legible

Word: hyena
Front: hyena
[haɪ'i:nə] (17254/22808)
Back: n. 鬣狗
分布：鬣狗(59%)，土狼(41%)
→来自希腊语hyaina,猪，来自hys,猪，词源同swine,sow,-ena,表阴性或形容词后缀。后用于指鬣狗，因形似野猪而得名。
noun countable
■a wild animal from Africa and Asia that looks like a dog, hunts in groups and makes a sound similar to an unpleasant human laugh 鬣狗
n. [脊椎] 鬣狗，土狼
 - hyaena, aardwolf

Word: rallying
Front: rallying
[ˈræliɪŋ] (17255/19756)
Back: v. 恢复( rally的现在分词 ); 价格回升; 集合起来; 嘲笑
分布：集会(82%)，激励(5%)，回合(4%)，重整旗鼓(4%)，重新召集(2%)，嘲弄(2%)，恢复精神(1%)
N-COUNT
群众大会；集会
A rally is a large public meeting that is held in order to show support for something such as a political party.
例：About three thousand people held a rally to mark international human rights day...大约3,000人举行了一场大会来庆祝国际人权日。
例：Supporters of the policy are reported to be gathering in Delhi for a mass rally.有报道说这项政策的拥护者要齐聚德里召开群众集会。
V-ERG
一致支持；团结起来
When people rally to something or when something rallies them, they unite to support it.
例：His supporters have rallied to his defence...他的拥护者团结起来为他辩护。
例：He rallied his own supporters for a fight.他把自己的拥护者召集起来准备斗争。
VERB
振作；恢复
When someone or something rallies, they begin to recover or improve after having been weak.
例：He rallied enough to thank his doctors...他身体好得差不多了，于是去感谢他的医生。
例：Markets began to rally worldwide.世界各地的市场开始复苏。
N-COUNT
（汽车、摩托车等的）公路大赛
A rally is a competition in which vehicles are driven over public roads.
例：Carlos Sainz of Spain has won the New Zealand Motor Rally.西班牙人卡洛斯·赛恩斯在新西兰摩托车公路大赛中夺冠。
例：...an accomplished rally driver.技术精湛的公路赛车手
N-COUNT
（网球、羽毛球、壁球等的）连续对打
A rally in tennis, badminton, or squash is a continuous series of shots that the players exchange without stopping.
例：...a long rally.长时间的连续对打

Word: afield
Front: afield
[əˈfi:ld] (17251/9689 -1)
Vocabulary: afield
(once / 3350 pages)
adv
Afield means at a far distance. When you go far afield, you travel a very long way.
If your job takes you halfway around the world, you can say that you work far afield, and if you and your siblings live on different continents, your family is spread far afield. You'll almost always see the word "far" before afield, since it describes long distances. The word was originally a contraction of the Middle English in felde, from the Old English on felda, "in the field."
WORD FAMILY
afield
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rubin became an inspiration for women in science, especially, and further afield.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Cleaning up a river, Shaffer observed, means accounting for factors far afield of its immediate path.
The New Yorker(Dec 26, 2016)
Many universities say the rhetoric over immigration control is also jeopardizing recruitment of researchers and students from further afield.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adv. 在战场上; 在野外; 远离着
分布：在或去远处(50%)，在野外(50%)
adverb
far/further afield
■a long distance away 远离
• We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada. 我们的产品出口远销到日本、加拿大等国。
• Our students come from Europe, Asia and even further afield. 我们的学生来自欧洲、亚洲甚至更远的地方。
adv. 在战场上；去野外；在远处；远离著
 - away, beyond

Word: mystic
Front: mystic
[ˈmɪstɪk] (宝 14288/13113 -1)
Vocabulary: mystic
(once / 340 pages)
adjn
Look into my crystal ball; tell me what you see. If there's something about the future, something beyond human comprehension in there, maybe you're a mystic or someone who believes in supernatural realities.
One of the most famous mystics in history is Nostradamus, who some people credit with predicting events like the French Revolution and the atom bomb. Whether you believe in mystics or not, the word is not just used to describe people. When something is mystic, it has to do with religious mysteries and practices or it simply inspires a sense of mystery or wonder, like the Himalaya Mountains, which some people consider a mystic place.
WORD FAMILY
mystic: mystical, mystics+/ mystical: mystically, mysticism / mysticism: mysticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Grigory Rasputin, a mystic peasant who captivated the Russian imperial court, met his death at the hands of aristocratic enemies 100 years ago.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
In one drawing, Vavoom — a Pettibon alter ego — quotes Henry James: “Remember that among the disinherited there’s a mystic language.”
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The mystic healer wasted no time in appointing his own church ministers and other public officials.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 神秘主义者
adj. 神秘的; 神秘主义（者）的
分布：神秘的(63%)，神秘主义者(30%)，神秘主义者的(7%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-ic,形容词后缀。即神秘的，后用以指神秘的人，神秘主义者。
noun countable
■someone who attempts to be united with God through prayer 神秘主义者
adj. 神秘的；神秘主义的
 - arcane, uncanny

Word: daffodil
Front: daffodil
[ˈdæfədɪl] (17105/12017 -1)
Back: n. 水仙花; 黄水仙; 鲜黄色
adj. 淡黄色的; 水仙花色的
分布：黄水仙花(100%)
→来自拉丁语asphodelus, 黄水仙。字母d误以为是冠词de而加在首字母前。
noun countable
■a yellow bell-shaped flower with a long stem which is commonly seen in the spring 黄色水仙（花）

Word: technicality
Front: technicality
[ˌteknɪˈkæləti] (17209/14000 -1)
Vocabulary: technicality
(once / 4505 pages)
n
A technicality is a trivial or very small detail. You might consider your scuffed, unpolished shoes to be an unimportant technicality when you're dressing for a job interview.
You can use the noun technicality for any small point or detail, but it's most likely to come up in the context of a court trial or a conversation with an attorney. A legal technicality is a small but ultimately important detail of the law. For example, a robbery suspect might have his trial dismissed on a legal technicality if the arresting police officer neglected to show him a search warrant before searching his house.
WORD FAMILY
technicality: technicalities+/ technical: nontechnical, technicality, technically, technicals, untechnical/untechnical: untechnically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cynthia Baker, a law professor at Indiana University, said it’s not unusual for state officials to announce economic development plans before unveiling the technicalities.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
His name was removed from the ballot because of a technicality, Grant County Clerk Brenda Percy said.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The official even argued over technicalities, including how many weeks ahead of the Rome meeting supporting documents needed to be circulated.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 专门性，学术性，技术性; 术语; 专门事项
分布：技术性(78%)，技术细节(13%)，专门术语(9%)
→来自 technical,技术的，-ity,名词后缀。引申词义技术性细节。
US [-nə'kæl.ə.i] noun countable
■a detail or small matter 细则，细节，小事
• He was disqualified from the competition on a technicality. 他因为违反技术细则而被取消了参赛资格。
n. 学术性；专门性；术语，专门语
 - expertness, jargon

Word: memorialize
Front: memorialize
[məˈmɔ:riəlaɪz] (17233/-)
Vocabulary: memorialize
(once / 19157 pages)
v
When you memorialize something, you honor it or do something so it will be remembered. If you want to remember a summer trip taken with friends, you could make a photo album full of the pictures you took to memorialize it.
The word memorialize often is used in relation to someone or something that has passed away or even to a group of connected individuals who have perished. You might see a monument, for example, that memorializes victims of an earthquake, meaning pays tribute to them. You can also memorialize someone in a speech, meaning you tell about the person's life and describe how he or she has affected others.
WORD FAMILY
memorialize: memorialization, memorialized, memorializes, memorializing+/immemorial: immemorially/ memorial: immemorial, memorialise, memorialize, memorials/memorialise: memorialisation, memorialised, memorialising
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nebraska opponents memorialized Foltz each game, home and away, and the Cornhuskers’ senior day included his parents and a touching video tribute.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
At Our House, he is now memorialized with a plaque at the bus shelter he created.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It is the just the latest in Tulsa’s effort to memorialize its key role on the historic Route 66.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: v. 请愿
时态：memorialized, memorializing, memorializes
分布：纪念(80%)，请愿(20%)
→来自memorial,记忆的，-ize,使。即使记忆，纪念。
VERB
纪念;使记住
If a person or event is memorialized, something is produced that will continue to exist and remind people of them.
例：He was praised in print and memorialized in stone throughout the South...在整个南方地区，他被人们著书称颂，刻碑纪念。
例：Our affair was memorialized by those children...那些孩子的存在时刻提醒着人们我俩的私情。
vt. 纪念；请愿；提出请愿书
 - honour the memory of, to commemorate

Word: viciously
Front: viciously
['vɪʃəslɪ] (17243/16012)
Vocabulary: viciously
(once / 2842 pages)
adv
When you do something viciously, you do it in a cruel or brutal way. A bully might viciously shove a smaller child, knocking him to the ground.
You might have seen someone delight in crushing a bug under his shoe — you can say that he does it viciously. You might also describe your angry little brother as viciously pummeling you as you pass by, if he's furiously hitting and kicking. Viciously comes from the adjective vicious, which originally meant "of the nature of vice, or wicked." The Latin root, vitiosus, means "faulty, defective, or corrupt."
WORD FAMILY
vicious: viciousest, viciously, viciousness+/ vice: vices, vicious
USAGE EXAMPLES
The movie, and the way it was received and viciously attacked online, told us something vital about the hive mind of the US’s reactionary right.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Last month, a two-minute video showing a group of men viciously beating a hijra was widely circulated on social media.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
He slammed Rexnord Corp. for “viciously firing” workers in Indianapolis as part of a shift of operations south of the border.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adv. 邪恶地，敌意地
分布：恶意地(50%)，恶毒地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
残暴的;凶残的;凶恶的
A vicious person or a vicious blow is violent and cruel.
例：He was a cruel and vicious man...他是一个残忍凶狠的男人。
例：He suffered a vicious attack by a gang of white youths...他遭到一帮白人青年的残暴袭击。
ADJ-GRADED
恶毒的;恶意的;不怀好意的
A vicious remark is cruel and intended to upset someone.
例：It is a deliberate, nasty and vicious attack on a young man's character.这是对一个年轻人品格蓄意的、卑鄙的、恶毒的攻击。
例：...her shrewish temperament and vicious tongue.她暴躁的性格和恶毒的言语
adv. 邪恶地；敌意地
 - bad, evilly

Word: dehydrate
Front: dehydrate
[di:ˈhaɪdreɪt] (托宝 17223/24344 -1)
Vocabulary: dehydrate
(once / 11820 pages)
v
To make a raisin, you dehydrate a grape. To dehydrate is to remove all of the water from, or to dry up.
When you exercise a lot, it's good to drink water so that your body doesn't dehydrate. Signs of dehydration in a person? Dry mouth, exhaustion, dark urine, the chills, and head rushes. If you experience these, get a drink quick! Signs of dehydration in a fruit? Wrinkled skin and extra sweetness. Yum!
WORD FAMILY
dehydrate: dehydrated, dehydrates, dehydrating, dehydration +/hydrate: dehydrate, hydrated, hydrates, hydrating, hydration
USAGE EXAMPLES
In court documents and Mr. Baluchi’s handwritten letters, he described being naked and dehydrated, chained to the ceiling so only his toes touched the floor.
New York Times(Oct 08, 2016)
Alcohol is also dehydrating, so you may be left with a pounding head if you’re not drinking enough water before and along with your glass.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Many have already lost loved ones and they are dehydrated and hungry from long journeys made on foot as they flee ISIS-held areas.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 使脱水，使干燥
vi. （人体的）脱水，失水
时态：dehydrated, dehydrating, dehydrates
分布：脱水(82%)，去水(18%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。hydrate, 补水。即脱水。
脱水(de去掉+hydr+ate→去掉水)[hydy,hydro=water,表示"水"]
【记】de去掉，hydr水－脱水；
【参】hydrant（n 水龙头）；anhydrous（adj 无水的）
【反】saturate with water（用水浸透）；reconstitute（vt 重新组成；通过加水使…恢复成平常的浓度）
verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) lose water 去除（…的）水分，（使）脱水
• Air travel dehydrates the body. 航空旅行会使人体脱水。
• You'll dehydrate (= lose water from your body) very quickly in this heat, if you don't drink lots of water. 天这么热，不大量喝水身体很快就会脱水。