Title: COCA-1W6-1W8

Word: defunct
Front: defunct
[dɪˈfʌŋkt] (托宝 15391/14322 -1)
Vocabulary: defunct
(once / 3906 pages)
adj
Defunct describes something that used to exist, but is now gone. A magazine that no longer publishes, like Sassy, the girl-power mag from the '90s, is defunct, for example.
Although defunct comes from the Latin word defunctus meaning "dead," it's not usually used to describe a person who's no longer with us, but rather institutions, projects, companies and political parties — you know, the boring stuff. Keep digging and you'll find that defunctus comes from defungi, meaning, "to finish," which is closer to how it's used today. Defunct can also refer to a rule or law that's no longer used or has become inactive, like prohibition.
WORD FAMILY
defunct: defunctness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The center will replace some functions of the defunct U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But by late morning Wednesday, those terms already seemed defunct.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
A statement from the Burmese President’s office linked them to the Rohingya Solidarity Organization, a militant group long thought to be defunct.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. <正>已故的，不存在的; 无效的，失效的; 非现存的
n. 死者，死人
分布：死的(33%)，失效的(24%)，非现存的(20%)，死者(17%)，不能使用的(6%)
→de-, 夺去，损毁。funct-, 功能，词源同function.
死亡的;失效的(de不+funct→不活动→死亡的)[funct=perform,表示"活动"]
【记】de使失去，funct功能－死亡的
【参】dysfunction（n [医]功能紊乱；官能障碍）
[dɪ'fʌŋkt] formal
adjective
■no longer existing, living, or working correctly 不复存在的；死亡的；失灵的
• members of a now defunct communist organization 目前已解散的共产主义组织的成员
• humorous I think this kettle is defunct! 我看这个水壶已经不能使用了！
adj. 死的；非现存的
 - belly-up
n. 死者
 - dead, decedent

Word: malaise
Front: malaise
[məˈleɪz] (宝 15382/14854 -1)
Vocabulary: malaise
(once / 9883 pages)
n
If you are experiencing malaise, chances are you are feeling blue or looking green. Malaise is a slump; you're not feeling your best — either mentally or physically.
Mal is French for "bad," and aise means "ease." When experiencing malaise, ease yourself down on the couch to recover. Malaise is frequently used figuratively to describe slumps that other things go through as well. The 20-year economic malaise in Japan is one example, but you'll also hear of educational malaise, political malaise, and even "a general malaise." Wherever you turn, there's malaise.
WORD FAMILY
malaise: malaises
USAGE EXAMPLES
Jarvies’ report says leadership is lacking within the department and that a “sense of malaise and frustration” is harming camaraderie.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
While there was an air of malaise at the gathering about the impending venue crackdown, most of the panelists agreed that change was inevitable.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
But that’s no protection at all against the malaise that fills the songs.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 不适，不舒服; 莫名的不安; 萎靡不振; 潜在的不满意识
分布：莫名的不安(50%)，身体不适(50%)
→来自古法语malaise,困难，忍受，痛苦，来自mal-,坏的，不良的，aise,轻松，简单，词源同ease,disease.引申词义生病，不适，不舒服。
【记】mal坏，aise＝ease舒服：不舒服ma妈妈，lai癞，se死：全身长癞－不舒服
noun [S or U] formal
■a general feeling of being ill or having no energy, or an uncomfortable feeling that something is wrong, especially with society, and that you cannot change the situation 身体不适；萎靡；心神不宁；（尤指对社会的）不满，无奈
• They claim it is a symptom of a deeper and more general malaise in society. 他们声称这表明了社会中人们更深层更广泛的不满。
• We were discussing the roots of the current economic malaise. 我们在讨论当前经济萎靡不振的根源。
n. 不舒服；心神不安
 - comfortlessness, unease

Word: fussy
Front: fussy
[ˈfʌsi] (托宝 15360/14480 -1)
Vocabulary: fussy
(once / 3453 pages)
1adj 2adj 3adj
If you’re fussy, you’re all about the little details. You want the dressing on the side, you want your collar just so, and you want the place mats arranged at a 90 degree angle.
The word fussy came into English in the 19th century, but it’s a good bet that people have been fussy since the beginning of time. If you’re fussy, you’re really picky about your needs and requirements. You might be fussy about your food and refuse to eat cauliflower. You’re rarely satisfied — that can be annoying! Fussy can also describe something that has too much going on, like a fussy shirt that has ruffles, buttons, and a large floral pattern.
WORD FAMILY
fussy: fussier, fussiest, fussily, fussiness+/ fuss: fussed, fusses, fussing, fussy /fussiness: fussinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fittingly, her costume is not a fussy dress or a metal bikini, but rather one of a warrior.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
“Yeah, probably, but they were fussy in the ’90s, too.
Washington Post(Dec 04, 2016)
“Fussy,” is how La Rosa describes the poinsettia.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 大惊小怪的; 难取悦的; 易烦恼的; （衣着，字句等上）充分讲究的
级别：fussier, fussiest
分布：挑剔的(63%)，过分装饰的(30%)，谨慎的(7%)
adjective disapproving
NOT EASILY SATISFIED 不容易满足的
■not easily satisfied; having very high standards or very fixed standards about particular things 过分挑剔的；难以满足的
• All my children were fussy eaters. 我所有的孩子都挑食。
• He's so fussy about the house - everything has to be absolutely perfect. 他对房子太挑剔了——所有东西都必须绝对完美。
• "I haven't met a man I've fancied for ages!" "You're too fussy - that's your problem!" “我很久没遇到过中意的男人！”“你太挑剔了―这就是你的问题所在！”
['fʌs.i] adjective disapproving
DECORATED TOO MUCH 过分装饰的
■having too much decoration and too many small details, in a way that is not stylish 过分装饰的，过于琐碎的
• They've got those curtains that tie up with big bows - they're a bit fussy for my taste. 他们那些窗帘都打着大蝴蝶结——在我看来装饰得有点花哨。
['fʌs.i] adjective disapproving
I'm not fussy/fussed UK informal
■something that you say when you would be satisfied with either choice that is offered you 随便；哪个都行
• "Red wine or white?" "I'm not fussy - either would be lovely." “红葡萄酒还是白葡萄酒?”“随便―哪个都挺好的。”
adj. 爱挑剔的，难取悦的；易烦恼的
 - critical, curious

Word: agonize
Front: agonize
[ˈægənaɪz] (托 15401/32963)
Vocabulary: agonize
(once / 1331 pages)
v
When you worry excessively about something, you agonize about it. The mother of a teenage boy might agonize over his safety when he first learns to drive.
Agonize can mean to suffer true pain, but it's generally a mental type of anguish. A student might agonize over what to wear the first day of school, and a boss might agonize about how to break the bad news about layoffs to her employees. The earliest meaning of agonize was "to torture," though now it means something closer to "to torture one's self." The Greek root is a grand one: agonizesthai, "to contend in the struggle."
WORD FAMILY
agonize: agonized, agonizes, agonizing+/agonise: agonised, agonises, agonising/agonised: agonisedly/agonising: agonisingly/agonist: agonistic, agonists/ agonistic: agonistical/agonized: agonizedly/agonizing: agonizingly/ agony: agonal, agonies, agonise, agonist, agonize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet most of the coerced Christians refuse even this small gesture and suffer agonizing torture and death instead.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Now they are agonizing over how to get that unwavering commitment back.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Another tune started to play as his student agonized through push-ups.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（极度）痛苦，折磨
vi. 苦斗; 苦苦思索; 感到极度痛苦; 苦闷
时态：agonized, agonizing, agonizes
分布：动词(100%)
感到苦恼(agon+ize)[agon=struggle,表示"挣扎,斗争"]
(UK usually agonise) ['æg.ə.naɪz] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  agonize over/about sth
■If you agonize over/about something, you spend time worrying and trying to make a decision about it 为…伤脑筋；对…犹疑不定；因…痛苦彷徨
• She agonized for days about whether she should take the job. 几天来她为是否该接受这份工作大伤脑筋。
vi. 感到极度痛苦；挣扎
 - struggle along
vt. 使极度痛苦；折磨
 - harry, worry, trouble, tear

Word: sardine
Front: sardine
[ˌsɑ:ˈdi:n] (六 15458/15933 -1)
Vocabulary: sardine
(once / 4252 pages)
1n 2n
A sardine is a very small, oily fish. You might like to eat sardines on toast for lunch. If you do, we suggest an after-lunch mint may be in order.
Sardines are most often bought canned, lined up in rows in little tins. The word sardine is actually a general term — it refers to a type of fish, most often a small herring, while a slightly larger one is sometimes called a pilchard. The phrase "packed like sardines," describing people crowded together in a tight spot like an elevator or a subway car, comes from the way sardines look in cans. The word itself comes from the Mediterranean island Sardinia.
WORD FAMILY
sardine: sardines
USAGE EXAMPLES
We feasted: beer, wine, Prosecco and mountains of lobster, shrimp, sardines, and anchovies, a local specialty.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The richest sources in food include fish like herring, sardines, mackerel, eel and salmon.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The class of 44 so cramped NASA’s training facilities it was humorously nicknamed “the Sardines.”
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 沙丁鱼; 庸碌无能的人
vt. 紧紧地裹起来，塞满
分布：沙丁鱼(100%)
→来自希腊语 sardine,沙丁鱼，来自 Sardo,撒丁岛，意大利岛屿，旅游胜地。据说因这种鱼从 该岛附近捕捉而得名。
US [sɑ:r-] noun countable
■a small sea fish which can be eaten 沙丁鱼
• a tin of sardines 一罐沙丁鱼
UK [sɑ:'di:n] US [sɑ:r-] noun countable
packed/squashed like sardines
■If people are packed or squashed like sardines, they are positioned very close together so that they cannot move 拥挤不堪，（像沙丁鱼一样）紧紧挤在一起
• We were squashed like sardines in the rush-hour train. 我们像沙丁鱼一样挤在尖峰时段的火车上。
n. [鱼] 沙丁鱼；庸碌无能的人
 - pilchard

Word: dissenter
Front: dissenter
[dɪˈsentə(r)] (托 15480/16000)
Back: n. 持异议者，持不同意见者
分布：持异议者(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] slightly formal
noun countable
■someone who dissents 持异议者，持不同意见者
n. 持异议者；反对者
 - anti, opponent

Word: gaunt
Front: gaunt
[gɔ:nt] (雅宝 15460/15556 -1)
Vocabulary: gaunt
(once / 823 pages)
adj
You can never be too rich or too thin, but you certainly can be too gaunt. It means you look skinny like you're sick, not skinny like you have a personal nutritionist slapping your hand when you reach for a bonbon.
A good way to remember gaunt is that it rhymes with haunt, and gaunt people look pale, drawn, and wasted — like you'd expect a haunting ghost to appear. Another way to remember it is that g- + aunt is like great-aunt, and often when you appear to be gaunt you look like you're old — like your Great Aunt Mildred.
WORD FAMILY
gaunt: gaunter, gauntest, gauntly, gauntness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their common ancestor was John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, fourth son of King Edward III and father of Henry IV.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In Scorsese’s film, a gaunt Garfield portrays a priest grappling with a flagging faith while on a mission in 17th century feudal Japan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Dr. Gaunt, who is an ethnomusicologist and social media researcher, agreed.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 憔悴的; 骨瘦如柴的; 荒凉的
n. 憔悴，荒凉
级别：gaunter, gauntest
分布：憔悴的(64%)，荒凉的(36%)
→词源不详。可能来自gander, 公鹅，用来形容瘦高个的人。
【记】g割，aunt姑奶奶－把aunt的肉一片一片的割下来－gaunttaunt（vt 嘲弄；奚落）踢aunt；总是taunt，aunt就会gaunt
US [gɑ:nt] adjective
■very thin, especially because of illness or hunger （尤指由于疾病或饥饿）瘦削的，骨瘦如柴的，憔悴的
• Her face was gaunt and grey. 她瘦削的脸面如死灰。
■literary
■empty and not attractive 荒凉的；平淡无奇的；难看的
• The house looked gaunt and unwelcoming. 这座房子看上去很荒凉，令人望而却步。
adj. 憔悴的；荒凉的；枯瘦的
 - wild, desert

Word: babble
Front: babble
[ˈbæbl] (宝 15475/21453 -1)
Vocabulary: babble
(once / 1303 pages)
1vn 2v
To babble is to talk on and on without a particular goal. It might drive you crazy when your little sister babbles endlessly about her favorite video game.
Babble sounds like Babel, the Biblical tower where everyone was talking in their own language. Everyone was babbling without paying attention to their neighbors, like the kid who won’t stop talking about his trip to the water park three years ago. A stream or a brook can babble, too, but that’s more of a soothing sound of water against rocks. Babies gurgle, because they don’t have enough words to babble yet.
WORD FAMILY
babble: babbled, babbler, babbles, babbling+/babbler: babblers/babbling: babblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backs are slapped and babies cooed over; a civilised babble fills the space.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
While he babbled happily at his family and nurses, Josue never got strong enough to be discharged to his Edgewater, Maryland, home.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The robotic babble emphasizes the youthful autocratic ideology that often propels manifestoes.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 喋喋不休; 作潺潺声; 呀呀学语
vt. 含糊不清地说; 泄露
n. 胡言乱语; 含糊不清的话; 潺潺声
时态：babbled, babbling, babbles
分布：潺潺声(33%)，喋喋不休(26%)，含糊不清地说(21%)，含糊不清的声音(10%)，潺潺作声(10%)
→拟声词。
【记】bad ball的连读：坏球！嘴里放一个坏了的粪球，再让你说话！Bab＝baby，le：小孩只会说胡话
【反】express succinctly（简洁表达）
verb
TALK 说话，谈话
intransitive or transitive
■to talk or say something in a quick, confused, excited or silly way 牙牙学语，含糊不清地说；兴奋地说；胡言乱语
• The children babbled excitedly among themselves. 孩子们聚在一起，兴奋地说个没完没了。
• She was babbling something about her ring being stolen. 她含糊不清地说着话，好像是说她的戒指被人偷了。
['bæb.l] verb
WATER NOISE 水声
intransitive literary
■(of a stream) to make the low, continuous noise of water flowing over stones （小溪）潺潺作响，潺潺声
• They rested a while by a babbling brook. 他们在潺潺作响的小溪边休息了一会儿。
['bæb.l] noun uncountable
■a continuous low or confused sound, especially the sound of several people talking 乱哄哄的低沉声音（尤指多人唧唧喳喳的说话声）
• I could hear the babble of voices in the next room. 我可以听到隔壁房里的嘈杂声。
vi. 喋喋不休；呀呀学语；作潺潺声
 - harp on, go on about sth
vt. 含糊不清地说；泄露
 - reveal, divulge
n. 含糊不清的话；胡言乱语；潺潺声
 - riddlemeree, balderdash

Word: parenthesis
Front: parenthesis
[pəˈrenθəsɪs] (15481/22514)
Vocabulary: parenthesis
(once / 2996 pages)
n
A parenthesis is a tall, curvy punctuation mark used to set off material that isn’t fundamental to the main topic, like an afterthought or an aside (or a funny joke).
Parenthesis marks come in pairs: the plural is spelled “parentheses.” Parentheses look like this: ( ). When you use parentheses to set off material in a sentence, you say that the material is “in parenthesis.” Put something in parentheses if it's a comment, an afterthought, or additional information that is possibly interesting but not essential to the subject. You can also describe something as a parenthesis, like a digressive story about horses in the middle of a political speech.
WORD FAMILY
parenthesis: parentheses, parenthesises, parenthetical +/ parenthetical: parenthetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pavlova’s thin, pale arms are especially striking — they’re trembling parentheses — whether she’s throwing them up in joy or thrusting them forward in entreaty.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
There are stems and branches, thoughts shooting off, parentheses, pauses for breath, full stops.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
In this story, Collins’s very use of parentheses is an art.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 插入语; 插入成分; 圆括号; 间歇
分布：圆括号(55%)，插入语(45%)
→para-,在旁，在周围，en-,进入，使，-thes,放置，词源同thesis,do.引申词义插入语，括号。
括号(par平行+en进+thesis→平行放进去→括号)[thesis,thet=setting,表示"放置"]
【记】paren＝para旁边，thes放置，is：放在旁边解释的话－要用括号parent（n 父母），thesis（n 论文）：父母的论文里面（）很多paren拼：怕人，thesis（n 论文）：论文中怕人的部分躲在（）中
[pə'rent.θə.sɪs] (plural parentheses)
noun countable
■a remark which is added to a sentence, often to provide an explanation or extra information, and which is separated from the main part of the sentence by commas, brackets or dashes 插入语
• The sentence 'Her youngest sister - the one who lives in Australia - is coming over next summer' contains a parenthesis. 这句话中包含一个插入语。
in parenthesis
■If, while you are talking, you say something in parenthesis, you say it as something extra and then continue with the main part of the sentence 附带
• Of his origins he said very little, merely mentioning in parenthesis that his background was poor. 关于他的身世他谈得很少，只是附带提到他家境清寒。
n. 插入语； [语] 圆括号；附带
 - interjection, round brackets

Word: onerous
Front: onerous
[ˈəʊnərəs] (宝 15400/13976 -1)
Vocabulary: onerous
(once / 5030 pages)
adj
If one teacher gives you three hours of homework a night, that's rough. But if all of your teachers do it, that makes the task of completing your homework an onerous one, to say the least. If something is onerous, it is very difficult to deal with or do.
A near synonym is burdensome. In legal usage, onerous describes a contract or lease that has more obligations than advantages. Onerous derives from Middle English, from Old French onereus, from Latin onerōsus, from onus "burden." In English, an onus is a task or duty that is onerous, or very difficult.
WORD FAMILY
onerous: onerously, onerousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, we’ve observed that many people find the exercises onerous.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The process is lifesaving, but also onerous, often requiring that patients be tethered to a machine for hours at a time, three times a week.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
But he said too many regulations on banks and other industries are onerous and “corporations see themselves at war with the government.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 繁重的; 麻烦的; 负有义务的
分布：繁重的(100%)
→来自拉丁语onus的所有格oneris,负担，重担，词源同onus.引申词义费力的，艰巨的。
繁重的;费力的[oner=load,表示"负担"]
【记】oner负担（on er在背上的东西），ous多－繁重的
【参】exonerate（v 无罪释放）；onus（n 责任；负担）
US ['ɑ:.nɚ-] formal
adjective
■difficult to do or needing a lot of effort 繁重的；麻烦的；艰巨的
• the onerous task of finding a peaceful solution 寻找和平解决方案的艰巨任务
• the onerous duties of motherhood 为人母的繁重职责
adj. 繁重的；麻烦的；负有义务的；负有法律责任的
 - heavy, tight

Word: lonesome
Front: lonesome
[ˈləʊnsəm] (15486/35057)
Vocabulary: lonesome
(once / 1153 pages)
adj
When you're lonesome, you feel sad about being by yourself, and you miss the company of other people. It's entirely possible to feel lonesome even when you're in a crowd.
Living alone on an island might sound appealing sometimes, but it would probably be pretty lonesome in reality. Good elementary school teachers pay attention to which kids look a little lonesome during recess, especially at the beginning of the school year, and match them up with a pal. Lonesome means "lonely," although it's uncommon outside of the US.
WORD FAMILY
lonesome: lonesomely, lonesomeness, lonesomer, lonesomest+/ lone: lonesome, lonest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The brand partnered with an Austin, Texas-based collective called Fort Lonesome to do the custom embroidery on the personalization tour.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Taylor sang “That Lonesome Road” at his burial on the Vineyard.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
It also includes period parlor games, Civil War soldier impersonators and old-time music by the Lonesome Fiddle Ramblers.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 孤单的，人迹稀少的; 寂; 寂寥
分布：寂寞的(81%)，偏僻的(11%)，孤单的(8%)
→lone,孤独的，-some,形容词后缀。
孤独的(lone单独)[-some表形容词"充满…的,具有...倾向的"]
US ['loʊn-] US
adjective
■ lonely
■by/on your lonesome
■alone 独自地，单独地
• I was just sitting here all by my lonesome. 我只是一个人坐在这里。
solitary, desolate, lonely, alone, lonesome
solitary: 独居的，独自的
desolate: 指某地无人烟的，荒凉的
lonely: 偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞” lonely和solitary可用以形容很少有人到的偏僻地方。
alone: 和solitary都用以形容一人或一事物与他人或他事物相分离，二者形容的人可能是其本人愿意如此，这两个词并无不愉快的含义。
lonesome: 孤独的 lonely和lonesome指并非本人愿意如此，含有不愉快之意。
adj. 寂寞的；人迹稀少的
 - doleful
n. 自己
 - self

Word: crossword
Front: crossword
[ˈkrɒswɜ:d] (15483/12263 -1)
Back: n. 纵横字谜
分布：纵横字谜(100%)
→来自cross和word的合成词。
N-COUNT
纵横字谜;纵横填字游戏
A crossword or crossword puzzle is a word game in which you work out the answers and write them in the white squares of a pattern of small black and white squares.

Word: bleach
Front: bleach
[bli:tʃ] (六托雅宝 14729/12820 -1)
Vocabulary: bleach
(once / 1453 pages)
vn
To bleach is to whiten, or to strip of color. After many summers of use, the sun will bleach your favorite beach towel.
You might bleach your white laundry, or bleach your dark brown hair until it's pale blonde. In both cases, you use bleach, a strong chemical solution that can often be found in laundry rooms and hair salons. The Old English root word is blæcan, "bleach" or "whiten," from a Germanic source it curiously shares with the word black.
WORD FAMILY
bleach: bleached, bleacher, bleaches, bleaching+/bleached: unbleached/bleacher: bleachers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They also said their supervisors would often wait outside while bleach fumes filled the room.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
A knife was also found in a bottle of bleach.
BBC(Dec 19, 2016)
A coral researcher sounded the alarm over massive bleaching at the Great Barrier Reef.
Nature(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 漂白; 使褪色
n. 漂白剂; 漂白
时态：bleached, bleaching, bleaches
分布：漂白(63%)，漂白剂(33%)，变白(4%)
→词源同blanch, 漂白。
noun uncountable
■a strong chemical used for cleaning things or removing colour from things 漂白剂
[bli:tʃ] verb transitive
■to remove the colour from something or make it lighter using chemicals 漂白；使褪色；使色彩变淡
• Gary's had his hair bleached. 加里把头发漂成了浅色。
vt. [纺] 使漂白，使变白
 - snow
vi. 变白， [纺] 漂白
 - go white, whiten
n. [纺] 漂白剂
 - decolorant, whitener

Word: mug
Front: mug
[mʌg] (研四六 6098/5770 -2)
Vocabulary: mug
(once / 1307 pages)
1n 2vn 3n
Mug is a funny word that could represent a cup, your face, or even what you do when you rob someone. And, if you mug someone for their mug, you may end up getting a mug shot taken of your guilty face. Confusing? Read on.
A mug is an informal vessel for drinking coffee or tea, as opposed to a china tea cup or a demitasse espresso cup, for example. Informally, a mug is a face: that's why a mug shot of a prisoner is a picture of his face right after he has been arrested. When it's a verb, mug means "rob someone while threatening violence." This meaning came from an earlier definition, "to strike someone in the face (or the mug)."
WORD FAMILY
mug: mugful, mugged, muggee, mugger, mugging, mugs+/mugful: mugfuls/muggee: muggees/ mugger: muggers/mugging: muggings
USAGE EXAMPLES
If there’s one thing 2016 taught us it’s that political predictions are a mug’s game.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The technology allows investigators to match photo or a surveillance video to databases of mug shots and driver’s licenses with accompanying identifying information.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
As she unpacked gloves, socks, hats, mugs and ski goggles, Meddles said the inventory is “based on what everyone forgets or loses while they’re here.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 马克杯，杯子; <口>容易受骗的人; <俚>脸; 一缸子（的量）
vt. 对…行凶抢劫; （尤指在舞台上或摄影机前）扮鬼脸，扮怪相
时态：mugged, mugging, mugs
分布：杯(79%)，脸(16%)，打劫(2%)，一杯的量(1%)，突击学习(1%)，恶棍(1%)
→原指一种陶土烧制的杯子或碗，罐子，词源不详。后用于俚语丑陋的脸，即杯子上反射出来 的变形的脸。后用于指扇巴掌，掌掴，即把脸打变形，引申词义抢劫。
n.(有柄的)大茶杯He was so thirsty that he drank a mug of milk.他太渴了,喝了一大杯的牛奶.
noun countable
CUP 杯子
 ADVANCED
■a large cup with straight sides used for hot drinks （盛热饮用的）马克杯，大杯子
• I made myself a large mug of cocoa (= enough to fill a mug) and went to bed. 我为自己冲了一大杯可哥饮料，然后钻进了被窝。
beer mug mainly US
■a heavy glass with a handle and usually with patterns cut into its side, out of which you drink beer 啤酒杯（有柄且通常刻有花纹的大玻璃杯）
[mʌg] noun countable
STUPID PERSON 愚蠢的人 mainly UK informal
■a person who is stupid and easily deceived 傻瓜；易受骗者
• He's such a mug, he believes everything she tells him. 他真傻，无论她说甚么他都相信。
[mʌg] noun countable
FACE 脸 informal mainly disapproving
■someone's face 脸
• his ugly mug 他丑陋的脸孔
[mʌg] noun countable
a mug's game UK informal
■an activity that will not make you happy or successful 徒劳无益的活动
• Teaching's a mug's game. 当老师是件吃力不讨好的事。
[mʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
■to attack a person in a public place and steal their money （在公共场合）拦路抢劫
• He was mugged in broad daylight. 他在光天化日之下遭到抢劫。
[mʌg] verb transitive (-gg-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] mug (sth) up UK informal
■to study a subject quickly before taking an examination （考试前）突击学习
• I've got to mug up (on) my History before tomorrow's exam. 明天考试前我必须突击复习一下历史。
mug, cup, glass
这组词都有“杯，杯子”的意思，其区别是：
mug: 通常指周边垂直，不用茶托的有柄大瓷杯或大金属杯。
cup: 指有柄，用来饮茶或咖啡等的瓷杯。
glass: 指玻璃制的杯子，用来盛酒和牛奶等东西。
n. 杯子；脸；苦读者
 - cup, face
vi. 扮鬼脸，做怪相；行凶抢劫
 - make faces, pull faces

Word: fisher
Front: fisher
['fɪʃə(r)] (13590/6716)
Back: n. 渔夫; 食鱼动物; 渔船; 捞取者
分布：渔夫(64%)，渔船(23%)，食鱼貂(13%)
n. 渔夫；渔船； [脊椎] 食鱼貂
 - peterman, fishing boat

Word: ill-fated
Front: ill-fated
[ˈɪlˈfeɪtɪd] (-1)
Vocabulary: ill-fated
(once / 2794 pages)
adj
If you have terrible luck, you're ill-fated. An ill-fated plan to drive across the country might end with your old car breaking down in Kansas.
An ill-fated day is one you remember for years as extremely unlucky, and an ill-fated decision, in retrospect, was a really bad choice. An ill-fated attempt at tightrope walking results in falling off over and over again, and an ill-fated choice of lunch in a foreign country might end in food poisoning. Ill-fated is rooted in ill-, "badly," and fated, "be destined to happen," from the Latin fatum, "that which has been spoken."
WORD FAMILY
fated: ill-fated +/ fate: fated, fateful, fates, fating/ fateful: fatefulest, fatefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
That decree resulted from Google's handling of user data when it started its ill-fated “Google Buzz” social network.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
This was before the government intervened with ill-fated Prohibition edicts.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Perry, 66, left office in January 2015 and then launched his second ill-fated bid for the Republican presidential nomination.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不幸的; 恶运的; ; 薄命
分布：不幸的(76%)，注定要倒霉的(16%)，苦命的(8%)
→ill-,不好的，fated,命运的。
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [before noun]
■unlucky and unsuccessful, often resulting in death 命运不好的，倒楣的；（常指）致人送命的
• The ill-fated aircraft later crashed into the hillside. 这架倒楣的飞机后来坠毁在山腰上。
adj. 不幸的；恶运的
 - evil, unfortunate, unlucky, tragic

Word: drowning
Front: drowning
[draʊnɪŋ] (15399/18667)
Back: n. 溺水，溺死
v. （使）淹没， （使）溺死( drown的现在分词 ); 浸透; 浸泡; 压过
分布：溺水(99%)，动词drown的现在分词.(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone dies because they are under water and cannot breathe 溺死，淹死
• There were three drownings in the lake last year. 去年这个湖里发生过三宗溺水身亡事件。
v. 淹没；（使） [外科] 淹溺；浸没（drown的ing形式）
 - overwhelming
n. 溺死
 - watery grave

Word: nab
Front: nab
[næb] (15388/26375 -1)
Vocabulary: nab
(once / 3722 pages)
v
When you nab someone, you catch the person in the act of doing something wrong. A police officer, for example, might say that she loves to nab shoplifters.
You nab when you apprehend a bad guy, or when you suddenly grab something: "Hey, you can't just nab a slice of pizza off my plate!" It's most common to use nab when a criminal is caught, as when the FBI nabs a suspected terrorist or an officer nabs a would-be graffiti artist. Nab probably came from an earlier word, nap, "to seize or catch," which is now obsolete except in the word kidnap.
WORD FAMILY
nab: nabbed, nabbing, nabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
One man said the agent who nabbed him threw away his clothes, wallet and belt, but saved his cash, ID card and phone.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Then, last year, Bill Bender nabbed this out-of-the-way town’s claim to be at the center of it all.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Billboard 200 album chart and his musical work on "Moana" nabbed a Golden Globe nomination.
Reuters(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: vt. 捉住，逮住; 逮捕; 抢夺
时态：nabbed, nabbing, nabs
分布：获取(67%)，抓住或逮捕(33%)
→来自nap,抓住，词源同kidnap,绑架小孩。
[næb] (-bb-) informal
verb transitive
■to take something suddenly, or to catch or arrest a criminal 抢夺，猛然抓住；抓获，逮捕（罪犯）
• Undercover police officers nabbed (= caught) the men at the airport. 便衣员警在机场逮捕那些人。
• Someone nabbed my apple when I wasn't looking! 有人趁我没注意抢走了我的苹果！
vt. 捉住，逮捕；抢夺
 - seize, noble

Word: annihilate
Front: annihilate
[əˈnaɪəleɪt] (托雅宝 15407/19907 -1)
Vocabulary: annihilate
(once / 681 pages)
v
Killing ends when the thing you are killing (your sworn enemy, all hope, a pesky mosquito) is dead. Annihilate goes farther—when you annihilate something, you wipe all trace of it from the earth.
You kill a person, but you annihilate a tribe, a town, or even a species. It's nice to think that the human race made it all the way up until the 16th century before annihilate came to mean what it does now. Might this have something to do with the increasing use of gunpowder around this time?
WORD FAMILY
annihilate: annihilated, annihilates, annihilating, annihilation, annihilative, annihilator+/annihilating: annihilatingly/ annihilation: annihilations, self-annihilation/annihilator: annihilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Our prisons were built to annihilate, torture and kill."
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
“We are determined to annihilate terrorism and we are able to shorten its age,” he said, calling on security forces and civilians to remain vigilant.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
“It just annihilated one of our guys—ran him right over,” Smith recalled.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 歼灭，毁灭; 使消失; 彻底击败，战胜; 使无效，使废弃
vi. 湮灭，湮没
时态：annihilated, annihilating, annihilates
分布：消灭(50%)，歼灭(37%)，废止(7%)，使无效(3%)，彻底消除(3%)
→前缀an-同ad-. 词根nil, 零，词源同no，见nihilism, 虚无主义。
消灭(an使+nihil+ate→使[东西]不存在→消灭)[nihil=nothing,表示"无,不存在"]
【记】an非，无，nihil无，零－使敌人变为零－消灭
【参】nihil（n 虚无）；nihilism（n [哲]虚无主义：否认一切存在）
verb transitive
■to destroy completely so that nothing is left 彻底摧毁；消灭；毁灭
• a city annihilated by an atomic bomb 被原子弹夷为平地的城市
■informal
■to defeat completely 彻底击败
• He was annihilated in the finals of the competition. 在比赛的决赛中，他被打了个落花流水。
vt. 歼灭；战胜；废止
 - defeat, suppress
vi. 湮灭；湮没
 - submerge

Word: indelible
Front: indelible
[ɪnˈdeləbl] (雅宝 15418/19429)
Vocabulary: indelible
(once / 2441 pages)
adj
If something is indelible, you better hope you never regret it, like the indelible tattoo of the name of your favorite band or the indelible first impression it might give people you meet years from now, especially if your taste in music changes.
The adjective indelible describes something that can't be erased or removed, like marks made by an indelible marker, or an indelible moment you will never forget, like your first day of kindergarten or the first time you visit a new, exotic place. It comes from the Latin word indelebilis, meaning "not able to be destroyed."
WORD FAMILY
indelible: indelibly +/delible: indelible
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, he’s written some indelible country standards himself.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Officials complained that the nail varnish prevented them from applying the indelible ink correctly.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
The story of McDonald’s is, like it or not, an indelible part of American history.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 擦不掉的; 永久的，持久的; 不可磨灭
分布：难忘的(72%)，不能磨灭的(14%)，不能擦除的(14%)
→in-,不，非，-delib,删除，抹去，词源同delete.引申词义难以磨灭的。
不可磨灭的(in不+del擦掉+ible)[-ible形容词"能…的"]
【记】in不，del＝delete删除，ible：不能删除的
【反】erasable（adj 可消除的）
adjective
■describes a mark or substance that is impossible to remove by washing or in any other way 洗不掉的；无法去除的
• indelible ink 洗不掉的墨水渍
• The blood had left an indelible mark on her shirt. 她衬衫上留下的血迹洗不掉。
[before noun]
■Indelible memories or actions are impossible to forget, or have a permanent influence or effect （记忆或行为）不可磨灭的，忘不掉的
• I have an indelible memory of that meeting with Anastasia. 我永远忘不了那次与安娜塔西亚的会面。
• In his twenty years working for the company, Joe Pearson made an indelible impression on it. 在为公司工作的20年中，乔‧皮尔逊给公司留下了难以磨灭的印象。
adj. 难忘的；擦不掉的
 - unforgettable, memorable

Word: nemesis
Front: nemesis
['neməsɪs] (宝 15405/24549)
Vocabulary: nemesis
(once / 18791 pages)
n
Use the word nemesis to describe someone or something that always causes you major problems, like the runner on another school's track team who, for years, has been beating your time by a fraction of a second.
The word nemesis describes a rival who just somehow seems able to get the best of you. It can be someone you compete against, someone whose skills are nearly identical to yours and yet, your nemesis always seems to finish ahead of you, get a higher grade, and generally make you feel flustered. Nemesis can also refer to something that always causes you problems, like public speaking, the nemesis of those who get tongue-tied when nervous.
WORD FAMILY
nemesis: nemeses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those numbers alone belied the Patriots’ all-around dominance of their nemesis.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
And I will not root for my team’s lifelong nemesis.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Ralphie is also bullied and beats up his nemesis, then cries afterward.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 公正的惩罚; 天罚; 不可逃避的惩罚; 报应
分布：不可避免的报应(100%)
→来自希腊语Nemesis,复仇女神，来自nem,分配，给予，词源同number,nomad.引申词义给予应有的惩罚和报应。
【记】来自希腊神话中的复仇女神Nemesisne你，me我，sis总要死一个：因为受到了天罚
['nem.ə.sɪs] (plural nemeses) literary
noun countable
■Someone's nemesis is a person or thing that is very difficult for them to defeat. 劲敌
■(a cause of) punishment or defeat that is deserved and cannot be avoided 报应，天谴；应得的惩罚；不可避免的失败
• The tax increases proved to be the President's political nemesis at the following election. 提高税收令总统在接下来的选举中自食恶果。
n. 报应；给与惩罚的人；天罚
 - payment, retribution

Word: exacting
Front: exacting
[ɪgˈzæktɪŋ] (托宝 15409/14010)
Vocabulary: exacting
(once / 1393 pages)
1adj 2adj
Use the adjective exacting to describe something or someone very precise or strict in its requirements. If your teacher has exacting standards about spelling and punctuation, you better carefully check your final paper.
An exacting person expects things to be, well, exact. For this reason, demanding is a good synonym. Friends who are exacting might let you have it if you show up a minute or two late. Some exacting people are extremely selective about what they eat, rejecting anything that doesn't meet their complicated standards of nutrition and taste.
WORD FAMILY
exacting: unexacting+/ exact: exacted, exacter, exactest, exacting, exactingly, exaction, exactly, exactness, exacts, inexact /exaction: exactions/ exactly: exactlys/exactness: exactnesses/ inexact: inexactest, inexactly, inexactness/inexactness: inexactnesses/unexacting: unexactingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Intense, exacting, tending to examine his subjects through multiple perspectives, Mr. Larraín is considered one of the most interesting and daring filmmakers in Chile.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
With her exacting, thoughtful instructions, Ms. Greenspan anticipates pitfalls and leads you deftly around them.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Her just-so bouffant, her blood-soaked pink suit and even the curvature of her eyebrows are an exacting approximation of the First Lady’s.
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 费劲的; 需细致小心的; （标准）严格的; （对别人）严格的
v. 要求( exact的现在分词 ); 苛求; 迫使; 强迫
分布：严格的(82%)，吃力的(14%)，动词exact的现在分词形式.(4%)
苛求的(exact+ing)[act=to do,to drive表示"行动,做"]
adjective
■demanding a lot of effort, care or attention 需付出极大努力的；要求小心仔细的；要求严格的
• an exacting training schedule 安排紧张的训练进度表
• exacting standards 严格的标准
adj. 严格的；苛求的；吃力的
 - strict, rigid, precise, firm, rigorous

Word: conventionally
Front: conventionally
[kənˌvenʃənəlɪ] (托 15495/11565)
Back: adv. 按照惯例，照常套，照老例
分布：照惯例(44%)，照常套(42%)，照老例(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
（行为、观念等）传统的，符合习俗的
Someone who is conventional has behaviour or opinions that are ordinary and normal.
例：...a respectable married woman with conventional opinions.一位观念传统、受人尊敬的已婚女性
ADJ
（方法或产品）通常的，传统的
A conventional method or product is one that is usually used or that has been in use for a long time.
例：It is simpler and quicker to use than conventional methods.这比通常的做法更简单、更快捷。
例：These discs hold more than 400 times as much information as a conventional computer floppy disk.这些光盘能容纳的信息量是普通计算机软盘的400多倍。
ADJ
(武器、战争等)常规的，非核的
Conventional weapons and wars do not involve nuclear explosives.
例：We must reduce the danger of war by controlling nuclear, chemical and conventional arms.我们必须通过控制核武器、化学武器和常规武器的数量来减少战争的危险。

Word: volley
Front: volley
[ˈvɒli] (宝 15389/12573 -1)
Vocabulary: volley
(once / 854 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
When an attacking army lets loose a barrage of bullets all at once, it's called a volley.
A volley of bullets, arrows, or rocks describes a large number of them being shot or thrown simultaneously. Another meaning of the noun volley involves just one projectile: a returned tennis ball, usually one that hasn't hit the ground before being smacked by a racket. The military meaning of volley has been around since the 1500's, while the sports meaning didn't arise until the late 1800's. The root word is the Latin volare, "to fly."
WORD FAMILY
volley: volleyed, volleying, volleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Callum Paterson put Hearts in front with a splendid volley before he was forced off with a knee injury.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
An armed guard from the legion fired a volley over his grave.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
The extent of the French police response was more surprising, escalating rapidly to full-blown tear gas volleys.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. （箭、子弹、抢、炮、等）群射，齐射; （质问，咒骂等的）迸发
vi. 群射，齐射; 迸发; 截击
vt. 进行群射; 齐鸣
vt. & vi. （网球运动中）截击
时态：volleyed, volleying, volleys
分布：齐射(61%)，齐发(22%)，迸发(17%)
→来自拉丁语volare,飞，词源同volatile.比喻子弹发射，齐投，齐发。
US ['vɑ:.li] noun
BULLETS 子弹
countable
■a large number of bullets (seeming to be) fired at the same time （枪弹的）齐射，群射
• Even as the funeral took place, guerrillas hidden nearby fired/let off a fresh volley of machine-gun fire. 甚至在葬礼举行过程时，埋伏在附近的游击队又进行了一轮机枪扫射。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] noun
A LOT 大量
countable usually singular
■a lot of similar things that are said or produced, or that happen, quickly one after the other （…大量的）迸发，连发
• I'm afraid my proposal was met with a volley of criticisms. 恐怕我的提议遭到了众人的齐声批评。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] noun
SPORTS 体育运动中的一击
countable
■(in sports) a kick or hit in which a player returns a moving ball before it touches the ground 凌空击球；截击球；凌空踢球
• That was a marvellous backhand volley. 那是一记漂亮的反手截击球。
UK ['vɒl.i] US ['vɑ:.li] verb intransitive or transitive
■(in sports) to hit or kick a moving ball before it touches the ground 凌空击球；截击球；凌空踢球
n. [军] 齐射；齐射出的子弹；凌空状态
 - salvo
vi. 截击；齐鸣；进行群射
 - salvo

Word: created
Front: created
[kri':eɪtɪd] (15463/13032)
Back: adj. 创造的
v. 创造( create的过去式和过去分词 ); 引起; 造成; 封
分布：创造(59%)，创造的(21%)，制造(12%)，创作(6%)，设立(1%)，创设(1%)
VERB
创造;使发生;创建
To create something means to cause it to happen or exist.
例：We set business free to create more jobs in Britain...我们放开对企业的限制以便在英国创造更多的就业机会。
例：She could create a fight out of anything...她能无故挑起事端。
VERB
创造;发明;设计
When someone creates a new product or process, they invent it or design it.
例：It is really great for a radio producer to create a show like this...电台监制能够制作出这样的节目真是不简单。
例：He's creating a whole new language of painting.他正在创造一种全新的绘画语言。
adj. 创造的；引起的
 - made
v. 创造；建立；造成（creat的过去分词形式）
 - founded, effected

Word: insatiable
Front: insatiable
[ɪnˈseɪʃəbl] (宝 15425/14843 -1)
Vocabulary: insatiable
(once / 2260 pages)
adj
If someone can't be satisfied, she is insatiable. After being lost in the woods eating only berries for a few days, you'll find your hunger is insatiable once you finally get to the table.
Insatiable comes from the combination of the negative prefix, in- and the Latin verb satiare, for fill. Someone who is insatiable can never be full. It can be used for spiritual as well as physical desires. Swift's traveling Gulliver talks about his "insatiable desire of seeing foreign countries." Perhaps you have an insatiable desire to learn all the words in the English language. Synonyms are unappeasable and gluttonous.
WORD FAMILY
insatiable: insatiably+/insatiate: insatiately/ satiable: insatiable, unsatiable/ satiate: insatiate, satiable, satiated, satiates, satiating, satiation/ satiated: unsatiated/satiation: satiations/unsatiable: unsatiably
USAGE EXAMPLES
“There is an insatiable demand for language in the school system at the earliest possible age,” O’Neill said.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Demand once seemed insatiable for flights through Emirates’ hub in Dubai, which is known in the industry as a “super-connector” airport.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
But he also provides the pulse for these Warriors and, like Motley before him, leads by example with an insatiable work ethic, according to Fuller.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无法满足的，贪得无厌的; 贪得无厌的; 不知足
分布：不知足的(89%)，贪求无厌的(11%)
→in-,不，非，satiable,可满足的。
【记】satiable（adj 可满足的）；satisfy（vt 满足）
adjective
■(especially of a desire or need) too great to be satisfied （尤指欲望或需求）无法满足的，贪得无厌的
• Like so many politicians, he had an insatiable appetite/desire/hunger for power. 和许多政客一样，他对权力贪得无厌。
• Nothing, it seemed, would satisfy his insatiable curiosity. 似乎甚么都无法满足他那无尽的好奇心。
adj. 贪得无厌的；不知足的
 - sateless, avaricious

Word: libertarian
Front: libertarian
[ˌlɪbəˈteəriən] (14043/22324 -1)
Vocabulary: libertarian
(once / 6789 pages)
n
Someone who is a libertarian advocates the importance of the individual over government control — libertarians believe strongly in freedom.
A libertarian holds onto the idea of a person's free will and individualism, with the word based on the Latin root liber, meaning “free.” In the U.S., libertarians can be to the left or the right of the political spectrum. A libertarian believes that someone should make his or her own decisions rather than rely on a political party line. If you think the government should keep its nose out of your business, then you might be a libertarian.
WORD FAMILY
libertarian: libertarianism, libertarians+/ liberate: liberated, liberates, liberating, liberation, liberator / liberation: liberations/ liberator: liberators/ liberty: liberate, libertarian, liberties
USAGE EXAMPLES
A voluntary 24/7 sobriety program passed the Senate last year but stalled in the House, with MADD, civil libertarians and others raising opposition.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Hoover Institution senior fellow and prominent libertarian conservative philosopher Thomas Sowell announced his retirement in a final column Tuesday morning.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The 2016 election also saw former Gov. Gary Johnson finish as a distant runner-up in the presidential contest as a Libertarian candidate.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. （思想或行动等的）自由论者; [哲]自由意志论者
adj. 自由的; 自由意志论者的; 自由论者的
分布：行动自由者(40%)，主张个人思想的(20%)，自由意志主义支持者(20%)，自由意志主义支持者的(20%)
→来自liberty,自由。引申词义自由论者。
US [-ɚ'ter.i-] noun countable
■a person who believes that people should be free to think and behave as they want and should not have limits put on them by governments （反对政府控制的）自由主义者，自由派
• Civil libertarians are worried about what they see as government censorship. 民权自由派对政府的审查制度深感不安。
adj. 自由的；自由论者的；持自由论的
 - free, unrestricted

Word: sternly
Front: sternly
[stɜ:nlɪ] (15493/16563)
Back: adv. 严格地; 严厉地; 断然地; 坚决地
分布：严格地(40%)，严肃地(40%)，坚定地(20%)
US ['stɝ:n-] adverb
■in a way that shows disapproval 严厉地，苛刻地
• "This kind of behaviour is not acceptable, " said the teacher sternly. “这种行为是绝不允许的。”老师严厉地说。
adv. 严厉地；坚决地
 - firmly, severely

Word: broach
Front: broach
[brəʊtʃ] (宝 15430/14673)
Vocabulary: broach
(once / 2383 pages)
1v 2n
As a verb, broach means to bring up or introduce a sensitive issue. As a noun, a broach is one of those dowdy pins your Great Aunt Edna wears. Telling her not to wear it is a subject you should probably not broach.
Let's say you want to go on vacation with a friend and you ask your dad because he is more likely to say yes. He will probably tell you that he will broach the subject with your mom and let you know. In a less common (and older) usage of broach, if you put a hole in something in order to get out what's inside you broach it. The piercing tool you use is also called a broach. Think of piercing someone with your idea the next time you broach a touchy issue.
WORD FAMILY
broach: broached, broaches, broaching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heller vocally opposed Trump during the election, even broaching the possibility that he would not vote for either major party candidate.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
But they did not broach the topic of Mr. Lee serving on the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Miles and his staff decided not to broach the information at that Friday practice.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 谈起; 打开并开始用; 用凿子扩大（或修光）; （在桶上）钻孔取液体
vi. <海>（船）突然横转
n. （烤肉用的）炙叉; 胸针
时态：broached, broaching, broaches
分布：拉刀(34%)，钻孔开启(21%)，凿子(12%)，叉子(9%)，凿大(6%)，初次提起(6%)，开始商讨(6%)，烧叉肉(6%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺。原指刺开，挑明话题。最终可能同break.
钻孔器v开瓶塞;提出问题[broch=pierce(刺,缝)]
【记】读：不如吃。不如咱们把这瓶酒吃了吧？这是提出一个主题供讨论，大家同意后就可以开瓶了。
【参】breach（n 缺口），cockroach（n 蟑螂）
【反】close off（关闭）
US [broʊtʃ] verb transitive
BEGIN 开始
■to begin a discussion of something difficult 开始讨论，提出（难题）
• At some point we've got to discuss money but I don't know quite how to broach the subject with him. 有时我们必须谈到钱，但我不知道如何向他提这个问题。
UK [brəʊtʃ] US [broʊtʃ] verb transitive
OPEN 开启 formal
■to open a bottle or barrel in order to drink its contents （为了喝容器内的饮料而）打开（瓶子、桶子）
• Shall we broach another cask of wine? 我们再开桶葡萄酒喝好吗？
UK [brəʊtʃ] US [broʊtʃ] noun countable US for brooch
vt. 提出；钻孔；开始讨论；给…开口
 - introduce, present, prefer, file, advance
n. 钻头；凿子；胸针（等于brooch）
 - cutting bit, drilling head

Word: nightly
Front: nightly
[ˈnaɪtli] (8835/14570 -1)
Vocabulary: nightly
(once / 1205 pages)
adjadv
Nightly things happen on a regular basis, every single night. Your nightly exercise routine and sponge bath are good examples of this.
You can use nightly as an adjective or adverb, to describe something that occurs every night. The sun sets nightly, and most people eat dinner nightly and climb into bed nightly. Your exercise regimen might include nightly sit ups, and your dog may require nightly walks around the block. The Old English root of nightly is niht, which means both "night" and "darkness."
WORD FAMILY
night: midnight, nightly, nights, overnight +/ midnight: midnights/ overnight: overnighter, overnights/overnighter: overnighters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Nightly visions appear to us in the form of bold, 72-point type headlines.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The nightly price drops from $2,000 to $1,200.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The Wizards’ signature, he believed, would be a crew that shuts down opponents on a nightly basis.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. & adv. 每夜（的），夜夜（的）
分布：夜间的(51%)，每夜的(31%)，每夜地(18%)
adjective adverb
DARK PERIOD 黑暗的时段
■(happening) every night 每夜（的）
• Nightly bombardment of the city looks set to continue. 对这座城市的夜间轰炸看来还要持续下去。
['naɪt.li] adjective adverb
EVENING 晚上
■(happening) every evening 每晚的
• They're appearing/performing twice nightly at the Playhouse Theatre. 他们每晚在剧场剧院表演两场。
• a nightly visit/news broadcast 夜访／晚间新闻报道

Word: thirty-one
Front: thirty-one
None None
Back: num. 三十一
分布：三十一(100%)

Word: decomposition
Front: decomposition
[ˌdi:kɒmpə'zɪʃn] (托宝 15445/16207)
Vocabulary: decomposition
(once / 2405 pages)
1n 2n
Decomposition is the process of decaying or rotting. If you've ever left a carved pumpkin on the porch into late November, you have seen and smelled decomposition.
A "composition" is a paper or group of items that's put together, while a decomposition is a breaking down or coming apart. You can use the noun decomposition for rotting plants and animals. Some people keep a compost pile for trash decomposition, which produces fertilizer. Studying decomposition lets you see the different stages of rotting, and science teachers often let students leave out a piece of fruit on purpose, just to watch its decomposition and the growth of maggots.
WORD FAMILY
decomposition: decompositions+/ component: components/ compose: component, composed, composer, composes, composing, composition, compositor, composure, decompose, discompose/ composed: composedly / composer: composers/ composition: compositional, compositions/compositional: compositionally, decompositional/compositor: compositors/ composure: composures/decomposable: undecomposable/ decompose: decomposable, decomposed, decomposes, decomposing, decomposition /discompose: discomposed, discomposes, discomposing, discomposure/discomposed: discomposedly/discomposure: discomposures
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rainey says it’s unclear whether foul play was involved because of the amount of decomposition of the body.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“It is a terrible decomposition of the social fabric.”
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Then they plunge a 2-meter-long metal rod into the earth, bring it up, and sniff the tip for the stench of decomposition.
Science Magazine(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 分解; 腐烂
分布：分解(96%)，腐烂(3%)，变质(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
腐烂;分解
Decomposition is the process of decay that takes place when a living thing changes chemically after dying.
n. 分解，腐烂；变质
 - analysis, dissolution, resolving

Word: transplantation
Front: transplantation
[ˌtrænzplɑ:n'teɪʃn] (宝 15416/17665)
Back: n. 移植; 移植法; 移居; 移民
分布：移植(99%)，移植法(1%)
N-VAR
(器官)移植
A transplant is a medical operation in which a part of a person's body is replaced because it is diseased.
例：He was recovering from a heart transplant operation.他做了心脏移植手术，正在康复。
例：...the controversy over the sale of human organs for transplant.出售移植用人体器官引起的争议
VERB
移植(器官)
If doctors transplant an organ such as a heart or a kidney, they use it to replace a patient's diseased organ.
例：The operation to transplant a kidney is now fairly routine.肾脏移植手术如今已相当常见。
例：...transplanted organs such as hearts and kidneys.类似心脏、肾脏这样的移植器官
VERB
使迁移;使移民;移种
To transplant someone or something means to move them to a different place.
例：Marriage had transplanted Rebecca from London to Manchester...因为结婚，丽贝卡从伦敦移居到了曼彻斯特。
例：In the 19th century, the Santa Claus tradition seems to have been transplanted back to Europe…19 世纪，圣诞老人的习俗似乎又传回了欧洲。
n. [外科] 移植；迁移；移民
 - migration, implantation

Word: flourishing
Front: flourishing
['flɜ:ɪʃɪŋ] (15396/13769)
Back: adj. 繁荣的; 欣欣向荣的; 茂盛的; 盛行的
v. 茂盛，繁荣( flourish的现在分词 ); 兴旺发达; 挥动
分布：繁荣的(88%)，盛行的(9%)，动词flourish的过去式和过去分词.(3%)
兴旺的(flourish+ing)[flor,flour=flower,表示"花"]
US ['flɝ:-] adjective
■growing or developing successfully 茁壮成长；繁荣；蓬勃发展
• There's a flourishing trade in second-hand video machines. 二手录影机的交易正日益红火。
adj. 繁荣的；繁茂的；盛行的
 - prosperous, rank

Word: precocious
Front: precocious
[prɪˈkəʊʃəs] (宝 15417/19095 -1)
Vocabulary: precocious
(once / 2794 pages)
adj
That high school hoops phenom who plays like an NBA pro? The sixth grader who's already asking questions about organic chemistry? They're both precocious — meaning they're way beyond their years in skill or knowledge.
When you look at the Latin roots of precocious, it all makes sense. When pre (meaning "before") joins coquere (meaning "to ripen"), you have something that is ripening prematurely. And in the case of precocious, you are usually describing young people who have some adult-like quality about them. Maybe it's their vast vocabulary, maybe it's their ease with Calculus, or maybe it's just applying lipstick.
WORD FAMILY
precocious: precociously, precociousness+/ precocity: precocious, precocities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naturally, it’s a down-to-earth widower with a precocious child and they require her aid.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
“It is very precocious and sounds fresh and smart aleck, but I meant it as a lovely, funny gesture,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s largely a showcase for that 12-year-old’s precocious harmonica playing.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 早熟的; 较早具备某种能力的; 较早显出的; （儿童）老气的
分布：早熟的(100%)
→pre-,在前，早于-coc,煮，词源同cook,cuisine.比喻用法。
早熟的(pre+cocious熟→提前煮熟→早熟的)[pre-表示"…前的,预先"]
早熟的(pre提早+coc+ious→提早熟→早熟的)[coct=cook,表示"煮,调配"]
【记】pre前，coc＝cook，ious－很早就会做饭的－早熟的
【参】precognition（n 预知）；preconception（n 预想；偏见）
US [prə-] adjective
■(especially of children) showing mental development or achievement much earlier than usual （尤指儿童）智力超常的，早熟的
• A precocious child, she went to university at the age of 15. 她智力超乎寻常，15岁就上了大学。
• She recorded her first CD at the precocious age of 12. 她在12岁这么小的年纪就录制了自己的第一张雷射唱片。
■mainly disapproving
■describes a child who behaves as if they are much older than they are 少年老成的
• a precocious little brat 装作很老练的小鬼
adj. 早熟的；过早发育的
 - early, ratheripe

Word: cowardly
Front: cowardly
['kaʊədlɪ] (15436/18925)
Vocabulary: cowardly
(once / 790 pages)
adj
Someone who is acting cowardly is showing no courage. A politician who is afraid to tell the truth about his shadowy past can be described as cowardly.
Use the adjective cowardly to talk about a person whose knees knock together with fear, especially when he or she is afraid of doing the right thing. A famous example of a cowardly character is the Cowardly Lion from "The Wizard of Oz," who pretended to be ferocious but was actually lacking bravery.
WORD FAMILY
cowardly: cowardliness+/ coward: cowardly, cowards/ cower: coward, cowered, cowering, cowers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The French foreign minister, Jean-Marc Ayrault, called the attack “cowardly and heinous” and said that three French nationals were among the injured.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The real disappointment is the lack of any sympathy for my fellow Turkish citizens who continue to be victims of cowardly acts by terrorists.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Rep. Don Young called the decision “a cowardly move by a lame-duck president.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 怯懦的; 胆小的; 懦弱的
adv. 怯懦地; 胆怯地
分布：懦弱的(54%)，胆小的(32%)，卑怯的(5%)，懦弱地(3%)，胆小地(3%)，卑怯地(3%)
ADJ-GRADED
胆小的;懦弱的
If you describe someone as cowardly, you disapprove of them because they are easily frightened and avoid doing dangerous and difficult things.
例：I was too cowardly to complain.我太胆小，不敢抱怨。
例：...a cowardly act of violence.懦弱的暴力行为
adj. 怯懦的，懦弱的；胆小的
 - faint-hearted, unmanly
adv. 胆怯地
 - cravenly, pusillanimously

Word: good-natured
Front: good-natured
[ɡʊd neɪˌtʃəd] (-1)
Back: adj. 和善的; 性格好的，脾气好的; 温厚的; 好说话儿
分布：温厚的(64%)，脾气好的(36%)
US [-tʃɚd] adjective
■pleasant or friendly 和蔼的；和善的；性情温和的
• a good-natured face/crowd 和蔼可亲的面孔／善良友好的人群
adj. 和蔼的；温厚的；脾气好的
 - nice, kind, benign

Word: spacing
Front: spacing
[ˈspeɪsɪŋ] (15514/12783)
Back: n. 间隔，间距; 跨距; 疏密; 留间隔
分布：间隔(71%)，空间(19%)，字距(5%)，留间隔(4%)，动词space的现在分词形式.(1%)
→space,空格，-ing,动名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■the amount of distance between lines or words, especially on a printed page （尤指印刷字体的）行距，字距
• single/double/triple spacing 单倍／双倍／三倍行距
n. 间隔；调节间隔；字距
 - separation, interval, distance
v. 分隔（space的ing形式）
 - separating

Word: upstart
Front: upstart
[ˈʌpstɑ:t] (宝 15398/20694 -1)
Vocabulary: upstart
(once / 2880 pages)
1nadj 2n
An upstart is someone who's cocky and arrogant, and who doesn't show much respect for other people.
There are many ways of starting up trouble — one is by being an upstart. Upstarts are people who are full of themselves and dismissive of others. Often, an upstart is a young person or newcomer. A new employee who acts like he knows more than everyone else is an upstart. An arrogant rookie on a sports team is an upstart. In the 1500s, upstart and start-up were both used to mean the same thing, "one newly risen in importance."
WORD FAMILY
upstart: upstarts
USAGE EXAMPLES
His most highly rated restaurants are a mix of reliable standbys and relatively young upstarts.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
But a group of upstart long-haul budget carriers are doing away with that tradition to lower their fares and attract budget travelers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
The stop in Orlando was meant to salute Trump’s Election Day victory in a must-win state for his upstart presidential bid.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 暴发户，新贵; 傲慢自负的人
adj. 暴富的; 自命不凡的，傲慢无礼的
vi. 突然跳起，突然发起
分布：暴发户(66%)，暴富的(12%)，突然跳起(10%)，傲慢的(7%)，傲慢自负之人(5%)
→比喻用法。
【记】up上，start开始－开始向上－暴发户－自命不凡的
US [-stɑ:rt] disapproving
noun countable
■a person, especially a young one, who has suddenly got power or an important position and takes advantage of this in an unpleasant way （尤指年轻的）突然发迹的人，暴发户；新贵
n. [经] 暴发户；自命不凡的人；傲慢自负的人
 - nouveau riche, bounder
adj. 暴富的；自命不凡的
 - self-glorifying, pretentious

Word: rugby
Front: rugby
[ˈrʌgbi] (高 15490/2794 -3)
Back: n. 橄榄球运动; 拉格比市（英格兰中部的城市）; 英式橄榄球
分布：橄榄球(100%)
→原为英国中部 Warwickshire 地名 Rugby,因该运动发源于 Rugby school 而得名。字面意思可 能为某个昵称 Rug 的人的城镇，比较 derby.
['rʌg.bi] (formal rugby football)
noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■a sport where two teams try to score points by carrying an oval ball across a particular line or kicking it over and between an H-shaped set of posts 英式橄榄球

Word: received
Front: received
[rɪˈsi:vd] (15521/13858)
Vocabulary: received
(once / 31 pages)
adj
Received is an adjective that refers to something that is largely accepted as true or good. It’s also the past participle of the verb receive. If you rely on received wisdom, you might not ever come up with an original idea.
Received, meaning “generally accepted as true or worthy,” was first recorded in the fifteenth century as the past participle adjective of receive, a verb meaning “accept.” So, that which has been accepted, has been received, or noted as correct or good. More specifically, received can be used to refer to established truths, like that failing to drink enough water can lead to dehydration. It's one of those words that actually follows the rule "i before e except after c."
WORD FAMILY
receive: receivable, received, receiver, receives, receiving, reception, receptive, receptor, recipient +/receiver: receivers, receivership/receivership: receiverships/ reception: receptionist, receptions/ receptionist: receptionists/ receptive: receptively, receptiveness, receptivity, unreceptive/ receptivity: receptivities/receptor: receptors/ recipient: recipients
USAGE EXAMPLES
It posted photos of its adventures to its Twitter, Facebook and Instagram profiles, and it appeared to be well received.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Police received an anonymous tip about the truck that was found in the 2000 block of 38th Street SE.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
When Crissman sees some of the patients who received wigs she now notices an “aliveness” in them, she said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Back: adj. 被一般承认的，被认为标准的
v. 收到( receive的过去式和过去分词 ); 接到; 接纳; 接待
分布：收到的(64%)，公认的(20%)，被承认的(11%)，动词receive的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
[rɪ'si:vd] formal
adjective [before noun]
■generally accepted as being right or correct because it is based on authority 普遍接受的；公认的；承认的
• According to received wisdom , exposure to low level radioactivity is harmless. 人们普遍认为，接受少量的辐射对健康无害。

Word: astounding
Front: astounding
[əˈstaʊndɪŋ] (托 15438/20287 -1)
Vocabulary: astounding
(once / 1362 pages)
adj
Astounding is an adjective that describes something bewildering, like the astounding sight of a dog walking on two legs.
When something is astounding, you might find yourself unable to speak — after all, astounding comes from the Middle English word astouned, meaning "to stun." If you see something that's astounding, you might just stare and stare, speechless. Astounding also describes something so surprisingly impressive that it overwhelms, like the astounding news that you just won the lottery.
WORD FAMILY
astounding: astoundingly+/ astound: astounded, astounding, astounds/astounded: astoundedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We’ve lost governorships and state legislatures at a rate that is pretty astounding.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It really is an astounding picture,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Nevertheless, it was an astounding feat for Trump to get elected.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人震惊的
vt. 使震惊，使大吃一惊astound的现在分词)
分布：令人惊骇的(87%)，动词astound的现在分词形式.(13%)
adjective
■very surprising or shocking 令人震惊的；使人惊骇的
• an astounding fact/decision/revelation 令人震惊的事实／决定／揭示
• an astounding (= very great) victory/achievement/success 令人惊叹的胜利／成就／成功
adj. 令人震惊的；令人惊骇的
 - electric, shocking

Word: sleazy
Front: sleazy
[ˈsli:zi] (宝 15423/22150 -1)
Vocabulary: sleazy
(once / 14756 pages)
adj
Something that is sleazy is low and nasty. It’s a perfect word to describe characters like the sleazy door-to-door con men who cheat old ladies into selling them their jewelry at a deep discount.
Sleazy originally meant flimsy, but nowadays it’s only used to describe morally degraded people or places. Usually it refers to sexual behavior, but it is often associated with people trying to swindle others as well. It’s not as bad as perverse or criminal, which suggest that a line has been crossed. But sleazy people make you feel uncomfortable, for sure.
WORD FAMILY
sleazy: sleazier, sleaziest, sleazily, sleaziness+/sleaze: sleazy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their first date unfolded at Exterminator Chili, a since-shuttered downtown eatery, and then at a launch party for a sleazy thriller called “Panic Blood.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Foster’s girlish persona doesn’t illuminate how a naif like Charity could survive in this sleazy environment.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
“Buffet,” Mr. Kelly’s 12th album, is full of love songs, which range from soothing to sleazy.
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 肮脏的; 质地薄的; 低劣的
级别：sleazier, sleaziest
分布：肮脏的(50%)，质地薄的(20%)，低劣的(20%)，低廉的(10%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏滑的，淤泥的，泥浆的，比较 slop,slosh,slough,sludge.引申词义脏肮的，污 秽的等。
【记】s死，leazy＝lazy（adj 懒惰的）－因为懒惰而死的人肯定是邋遢的；破旧的，肮脏的
adjective
■dirty, cheap or not socially acceptable, especially relating to moral or sexual matters 肮脏邋遢的，乌烟瘴气的；（尤指）低级趣味的，堕落的
• This part of town is full of sleazy bars and restaurants. 镇上这个地区满是乌烟瘴气的酒吧和餐厅。
adj. 质地薄的；肮脏的；低级庸俗的；破烂的
 - filthy, sordid

Word: boneless
Front: boneless
[ˈbəʊnləs] (15507/33417)
Back: adj. 去骨的
分布：无骨的(56%)，去骨的(44%)
US ['boʊn-/ (US also boned)
adjective
■without a bone 无骨的；去骨的
• a boneless breast of chicken 去骨的鸡胸肉

Word: infiltration
Front: infiltration
[ˌɪnfɪl'treɪʃn] (15498/16004)
Back: n. 渗透; 下渗; 渗滤; 入渗
分布：浸润(89%)，渗入(11%)
VERB
渗透，潜入(地方、组织中等)
If people infiltrate a place or organization, or infiltrate into it, they enter it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.
例：Activists had infiltrated the student movement...激进分子已经渗入到了学生运动中。
例：The street protests had been infiltrated by people bent on violence...街头抗议的人群中已经渗入了一些倾向于暴力的人。
VERB
使渗入;使渗透
To infiltrate people into a place or organization means to get them into it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.
例：Some countries have infiltrated their agents into the Republic.一些国家已派间谍渗入了该共和国内部。
n. 渗透；渗透物
 - penetration, osmosis, permeation

Word: unscathed
Front: unscathed
[ʌnˈskeɪðd] (宝 15451/13912 -1)
Vocabulary: unscathed
(once / 4148 pages)
adj
If you walked away from a nasty bike accident without a scratch, you walked away unscathed, meaning you came out unharmed.
You can also come through a scandal unscathed, with your reputation untarnished, or your dog-walking business may emerge from the financial crisis unscathed and more profitable than ever. With the word unscathed, there's always a sense of something bad that might have happened but didn't.
WORD FAMILY
scathe: scathes, scathing, unscathed +/ scathing: scathingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“For them,” Mr. Barak said, “Netanyahu emerges from this unscathed, as the lone wolf in a lion’s den of hatred.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Blake Griffin missed the Clippers’ win over the Pelicans on Saturday with knee soreness, and did not leave the game unscathed Monday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
That area, in additional to essentially all of downtown Gatlinburg, emerged unscathed from the fires, which damaged or destroyed more than 2,400 buildings.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 未受损伤的; 未受伤害的
分布：没有受伤的(75%)，未受损害(25%)
→un-, 不，非，scathe, 伤害，词源同scar.
【记】un不，scathe（v 损伤），d：未受损伤的
adjective [after verb]
■without injuries or damage being caused 未受伤的，无恙的
• Her husband died in the accident but she, amazingly, escaped unscathed. 她丈夫在那次事故中丧命，但她竟奇迹地毫发未损。
adj. 未受伤的
 - unwounded

Word: empowering
Front: empowering
[ɪm'paʊərɪŋ] (15527/33328)
Back: v. 授权( empower的现在分词 ); 准许; 增加（某人的）自主权; 使控制局势
分布：动词empower的现在分词形式(100%)
US [-'paʊr.ɪŋ] adjective
■Something that is empowering makes you more confident and makes you feel that you are in control of your life 使有自主感的；使感到有自立能力的；增强自信的
• For me, learning to drive was an empowering experience. 对我来说，学习驾驶是一次让自己更自主自立的经历。
v. 授权；允许（empower的ing形式）
 - allowing, letting

Word: vigilante
Front: vigilante
[ˌvɪdʒɪˈlænti] (15410/21262 -1)
Vocabulary: vigilante
(once / 6876 pages)
n
If you’re a vigilante, you might take the law into your own hands by trying to catch or punish someone in your own way. If you wrestle jaywalkers down to the ground, you might be called a vigilante.
Vigilante is a form of the word "vigilant," which means keeping a watchful or close eye on events and people. Sometimes a vigilante will make news for catching a criminal, and sometimes vigilante groups form to target crimes in a bad neighborhood. A common combined use is "vigilante justice," meaning a form of law-keeping outside of the official channels of police and the courts.
WORD FAMILY
vigilante: vigilantes, vigilantism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paranoia became the national mood and vigilante surveillance the national pastime.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
The remainder are still under police investigation and are widely attributed to vigilantes, some of which activists believe are hired assassins working for the authorities.
Reuters(Dec 21, 2016)
He also said “there is surprisingly little information on actual prosecutions” over recent killings, despite police investigations into thousands of killings by vigilantes.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （自发组织的）治安团体的成员; 义务警员; 〈美〉自卫队员
分布：治安团体的成员(75%)，义警警员(25%)
→来自西班牙语，值勤人，来自vigil,警醒，警觉，守夜。
US [-'læn.tˌi] noun countable
■a person who tries in an unofficial way to prevent crime, or to catch and punish someone who has committed a crime, especially because they do not think that official organizations, such as the police, are controlling crime effectively. Vigilantes usually join together to form groups. （尤指认为警方无法维持治安而自发组织起来的）治安会会员，治安维持者

Word: eternally
Front: eternally
[ɪ'tɜ:nəlɪ] (15450/18922)
Back: adv. 永恒地，常常，不绝地
分布：永久地(60%)，不朽地(40%)
ADJ
永久的;永恒的;永远的
Something that is eternal lasts for ever.
例：Whoever believes in Him shall have eternal life.所有相信上帝的人都会获得永生。
例：...the quest for eternal youth.对永葆青春的追求
ADJ
无休止的;没完没了的
If you describe something as eternal, you mean that it seems to last for ever, often because you think it is boring or annoying.
例：In the background was that eternal hum.背景音是没完没了的嗡嗡声。
ADJ
（真理、价值、问题等）永恒的，不朽的
Eternal truths, values, and questions never change and are believed to be always true and to be relevant in all situations.
例：...the eternal truths of the Indian subcontinent.印度次大陆的永恒真理
例：...the eternal question.永恒的问题
adv. 永恒地；不朽地
 - perpetually, immutably

Word: violator
Front: violator
['vaɪəleɪtə(r)] (15502/41290)
Vocabulary: violator
(once / 9344 pages)
n
Someone who breaks rules is a violator. If your grandpa drives 90 miles an hour on the highway, he's a violator of the speed limit.
To violate is to disobey a law or break an agreement, and a violator is a person who does this. A violator of the school dress code might wear a clown costume to school, and a violator of copyright laws might copy his entire essay from a book. Violator comes from violare, "treat with violence or dishonor" in Latin.
WORD FAMILY
violator: violators+/ inviolable: inviolably/ inviolate: inviolately/violable: inviolable / violate: inviolate, violable, violated, violates, violating, violation, violative, violator / violation: violations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Violators can can be charged with contempt and jailed for six months.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
He is being held as a bail violator on a drug charge from September.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Violators could be referred to the Security Council or its sanctions panel of experts.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 违犯者
分布：违反者(58%)，违背者(28%)，妨害者(14%)
VERB
违反，违背，违犯（协议、法律或承诺）
If someone violates an agreement, law, or promise, they break it.
例：They went to prison because they violated the law...他们触犯了法律，因此坐了牢。
例：They violated the ceasefire agreement.他们违反了停火协议。
VERB
侵犯（隐私）;搅扰;打搅
If you violate someone's privacy or peace, you disturb it.
例：These men were violating her family's privacy.这些人侵犯了她的家庭隐私。
VERB
污损;亵渎
If someone violates a special place, for example a grave, they damage it or treat it with disrespect.
例：Detectives are still searching for those who violated the graveyard.侦探们仍在搜捕那些亵渎了墓园的家伙。
n. 违背者；违反者；妨碍者
 - transgressor, preventer

Word: spout
Front: spout
[spaʊt] (托宝 15431/18842 -1)
Vocabulary: spout
(once / 1264 pages)
vn
A spout is the narrow opening in the edge of a container that makes it easier to neatly pour its contents. A pitcher's spout helps you direct your orange juice into your glass.
Some spouts are indentations or lips, and others — like the spout on a teapot — are tubes. Another meaning of spout is "gush suddenly in a stream." If you filled your teapot too full, tea might spout from its spout. When someone figuratively spouts, she talks in a loud, animated way. The verb form of spout came first, from a Proto-Germanic root that also spawned the Middle Dutch spoiten and the Swedish sputa, both also meaning spout.
WORD FAMILY
spout: spouted, spouter, spouting, spouts+/spouter: spouters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Prime time needs more filthy-dirty, funny songs and way more lead characters whose spouting of gender studies buzzwords is both amusing and right on.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Equipment: a low wooden table in the centre of the room; a black ceramic teapot on the table, steam rising from the spout.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
One advantage of being the putative leader of a great nation is that people pay attention, even when you’re spouting nonsense.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 喷口，喷嘴; 水柱，喷流; （鲸类的）喷水孔; [气]龙卷
vt. & vi. 喷出; 喷射; 滔滔不绝地讲; 把…典当掉
vi. 喷出; 喷射; 滔滔不绝地讲
时态：spouted, spouting, spouts
分布：喷出(47%)，水柱(23%)，水管(23%)，滔滔不绝地说(7%)
→来自拟声词根辅音丛 sp-,吐，喷出，比较 spate,spew,spit,spout,sputter.引申诸相关词义。
【记】sp＝spill（v 溢出），out－喷出
verb
SPEAK 说
transitive intransitive + adverb or preposition disapproving
■to speak a lot, in a way that is boring or annoying for other people 喋喋不休地说，滔滔不绝地说
• He spouts a load of pretentious nonsense and people are stupid enough to believe him! 他滔滔不绝地胡乱吹嘘了一通，人们竟然愚蠢得相信他！
• I really don't want to listen to Mike spouting on/off all afternoon. 我实在不想听麦克喋喋不休地唠叨整整一下午。
[spaʊt] verb
FLOW 流
intransitive + adverb or preposition transitive
■to flow or send out liquid or flames quickly and with force, in a straight line 喷出，喷射；喷涌出
• Flames spouted (out) from the oil wells. 油井中喷出了火焰。
• The gash was spouting blood. 伤口血如泉涌。
[spaʊt] noun countable
OPENING 开口
■a tube-shaped opening which allows liquids to be poured out of a container （容器的）嘴
[spaʊt] noun countable
FLOW 流
■a stream of liquid coming out of something with some force 喷水；喷出
• A spout of water shot out of the geyser. 一股水流从间歇泉中喷涌而出。
[spaʊt] noun countable
be up the spout UK slang
■to be pregnant 怀孕
[spaʊt] noun countable
up the spout UK slang
■wasted or spoiled 浪费掉的；毁掉的，毁坏的
• Peter lost his job so that was our holiday plans up the spout. 彼得丢了工作，我们的度假计划也因此泡汤。
n. 喷口；水龙卷；水落管；水柱
 - bocca, ejector nozzle
vt. 喷出；喷射；滔滔不绝地讲；把…典当掉
 - belch out, spit up
vi. 喷出；喷射；滔滔不绝地讲
 - belch out, to spray

Word: airing
Front: airing
[ˈeərɪŋ] (15415/14906)
Back: n. 晾; （电视台或无线电台）广播; （开车、骑车或骑马）兜风; （意见等的）公开发表
v. 晾晒( air的现在分词 ); 烘干; 播送; 广播
分布：晾(60%)，公开发表(22%)，兜风(18%)
US ['er.ɪŋ] noun only singular
MAKING KNOWN 使知晓
■an occasion when a particular subject is discussed openly or in public 公开讨论
• The arguments for and against the proposals have been given a good airing. 对支持和反对这些建议的理由都进行了公开讨论。
UK ['eə.rɪŋ] US ['er.ɪŋ] noun only singular
DRYING 弄干
■a period of time when you allow the air to make something dry and fresh 吹干，通风
• The room was damp and smelly so we opened all the windows and gave it a good airing. 房间很潮湿，还有一股难闻的味道。所以我们打开了所有的窗子，彻底地通通风。
n. 通风；晾干；（开车）兜风
 - perflation, aeration
v. 风干；烘热（air的ing形式）
 - weathering

Word: ammo
Front: ammo
[ˈæməʊ] (15515/33545)
Vocabulary: ammo
(once / 28209 pages)
n
Ammo is a shorthand way to say "ammunition," meaning bullets, gunpowder, and other combat supplies. A war movie might include a scene of soldiers running low on ammo.
Ammo generally refers to a supply of the actual munitions, or exploding substances and projectiles that are put in guns, cannons, and other weapons. A gun without ammo won't actually shoot. This colloquial form of ammunition was first used around 1917, and both are rooted in the Middle French phrase la munition, "fortification" or "defense."
WORD FAMILY
ammo: ammos
USAGE EXAMPLES
One unique aspect of Weisheit’s business will be the materials and knowledge he offers in the realm of reloading ammo casings.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The Navy is using live ammo for their drills today.
Time(Dec 06, 2016)
But golfers, rest assured: your lost ammo can serve a second life in a bighearted fashion.
Golf Digest(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. <俚>弹药，军火
分布：弹药(97%)，=ammunition.(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
军火；弹药
Ammo is ammunition for guns and other weapons.
n. 弹药；军火
 - ammunition, cartridge

Word: barge
Front: barge
[bɑ:dʒ] (六托宝 9954/8945)
Vocabulary: barge
(once / 802 pages)
1nv 2v
A barge is a big, flat boat that can transport heavy goods over water. You might see a barge carrying a load of new cars down a river.
Barges are useful for moving very heavy things along canals and rivers. A typical barge can hold more than a thousand tons of cargo, so it's ideal for bulky, weighty goods. Barge is also a verb, meaning both "move by barge" and "shove forward," as when you barge in the door of a crowded party or barge into your brother's room just to bother him. The root is believed to be the Greek baris, "Egyptian boat."
WORD FAMILY
barge: barged, bargee, barges, barging+/bargee: bargees
USAGE EXAMPLES
Andy Carroll entered finally to test that rejigged back line and immediately drew a little barging panic from Jones.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Seven barges were used to launch the pyrotechnics, and the iconic bridge served as a focal point for the show.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
This was clear last year when the barges were about to leave.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 驳船; 游艇; 游览汽车
vi. （鲁莽而笨拙地）闯入; 蹒跚前进
vt. 用驳船运，乘驳船去
时态：barged, barging, barges
分布：驳船(77%)，闯(11%)，冲(8%)，猛撞(3%)，以驳船载运(1%)
→来自拉丁词barca, 驳船。
【记】bar酒吧，ge搁。可以把酒吧搁上的船－平底驳船。用barge运cargo
US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hurry somewhere or through a place in a rude and forceful way （鲁莽地）冲，闯
• They barged through the crowds. 他们在人群中横冲直撞。
• When the doors opened she barged her way to the front of the queue. 门一开她就冲到了队伍前面。
• The man barged (= pushed) into her and ran on without stopping. 那个男人撞倒她后，停也没停接着就跑了。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in/into sth informal
■to walk into a room quickly, without being invited 闯入
• I wish he'd knock instead of just barging in. 我希望他进来前要敲门，而不是直接闯进来。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
  Phrasal Verbs  barge in informal
■to interrupt rudely （粗鲁地）打断，插话
• Sorry to barge in, but I couldn't help overhearing what you were saying. 对不起打断一下，我刚才碰巧听见了你们的谈话。
UK [bɑ:dʒ] US [bɑ:rdʒ] noun countable
■a long boat with a flat bottom, used for carrying heavy objects on rivers or canals 驳船，平底载货船
vi. 蹒跚；闯入
 - titubate, burst into
n. [船] 驳船；游艇
 - lighter, catamaran

Word: giraffe
Front: giraffe
[dʒəˈrɑ:f] (中高 15421/20489)
Back: n. 长颈鹿
分布：长颈鹿(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语。
US [-'ræf] (plural giraffes or giraffe)
noun countable ADVANCED
■a large African animal with a very long neck and long legs 长颈鹿

Word: unsettling
Front: unsettling
[ʌnˈsetlɪŋ] (宝 15466/22748 -1)
Back: adj. 使人不安的; （消息）混乱的
v. 扰乱，使不安宁
分布：使人不安的(82%)，动词unsettle的现在分词形式.(18%)
US [-'setˌ-] adjective
CHANGING 变化
■causing change 造成动荡的；扰乱的
UK [ʌn'set.lɪŋ] US [-'setˌ-] adjective
ANXIOUS 焦虑不安的
■causing worry or anxiety 令人不安的，使人担忧的
• One of the film's many unsettling images is of a child playing with her father's gun. 电影中有很多令人不安的镜头，其中之一是一个小女孩在摆弄父亲的枪。
adj. 使人不安的；（消息）扰乱的
 - disturbed

Word: illustrated
Front: illustrated
['ɪləstreɪtɪd] (15433/11517)
Back: n. 有插画的报章杂志
adj. 有插图的
v. 给…加插图（ illustrate的过去式和过去分词 ）; 说明; 表明; （用示例、图画等）说明
分布：有插图的(61%)，列举的(26%)，动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词.(13%)
VERB
表明;说明;证明
If you say that something illustrates a situation that you are drawing attention to, you mean that it shows that the situation exists.
例：The example of the United States illustrates this point...美国的例子证明了这一点。
例：This change is neatly illustrated by what has happened to the Arab League...这种变化鲜明地体现在阿拉伯联盟所发生的事件上。
VERB
(用例子、故事或图表)说明,阐明
If you use an example, story, or diagram to illustrate a point, you use it show that what you are saying is true or to make your meaning clearer.
例：Let me give another example to illustrate this difficult point...我再举个例子来说明这个难点。
例：Throughout, she illustrates her analysis with excerpts from discussions.自始至终,她摘引讨论内容来阐明她的分析。
VERB
给(书)加插图(或图表)
If you illustrate a book, you put pictures, photographs or diagrams into it.
例：She went on to art school and is now illustrating a book...她后来读了艺术学校,现在正在为一本书画插图。
例：He has illustrated the book with black-and-white photographs.他为那本书配了一些黑白照片插图。
v. 阐明；举例说明；给…加插图（illustrate的过去分词）
 - stated, clarified

Word: bottleneck
Front: bottleneck
[ˈbɒtlnek] (宝 15429/19722)
Vocabulary: bottleneck
(once / 13371 pages)
nv
A bottleneck is a type of traffic jam, when cars get stuck or slowed down in a narrow part of the roadway. You might leave work two hours later than usual to avoid a bottleneck.
Anything that gets stalled in a narrow area, whether it's auto traffic or pedestrians, can be called a bottleneck. Information can also get stuck in a kind of bottleneck, if the system itself creates a delay. The term comes from the shape of an actual bottleneck, or the narrow neck or mouth of a bottle.
WORD FAMILY
bottleneck: bottlenecked, bottlenecking, bottlenecks
USAGE EXAMPLES
They joke about the bottleneck, calling it “the Wormhole,” and talk of adding lanes in another 10 years.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Canada’s energy sector, hit hard by a two-year slump in oil prices, wants more pipelines to help ease bottlenecks in getting crude out of Alberta.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Canada's energy sector, hit hard by a two-year slump in oil prices, wants more pipelines to help ease bottlenecks in moving crude out of Alberta.
Reuters(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 瓶颈; 瓶颈路段（常引起交通堵塞）; （尤指工商业发展的）瓶颈; 阻碍
时态：bottlenecked, bottlenecking, bottlenecks
分布：瓶颈(98%)，阻塞(1%)，狭窄的(1%)
【记】bottle瓶子，neck脖子－瓶颈
【反】indefinite（adj 无限定的）
US ['bɑ:.tˌl-] noun countable
■a place where a road becomes narrow, or a place where there is often a lot of traffic, causing the traffic to slow down or stop 狭窄路段，瓶颈路段；交通阻塞点
• Roadworks are causing bottlenecks in the city centre. 道路施工导致市中心交通阻塞。
■a problem that delays progress 障碍；僵局
• Is there any way of getting round this bureaucratic bottleneck? 有办法避开这种拖拉推诿的官僚作风吗？
n. [包装] 瓶颈；障碍物
 - barrier, block

Word: interagency
Front: interagency
[ˌɪntər'eɪdʒənsɪ] (15522/41385)
Back: 跨部门的
分布：跨机构(100%)

Word: three-story

Word: innocently
Front: innocently
['ɪnəsntlɪ] (15413/12117 -1)
Back: adv. 无罪地; 纯洁地; 天真地; 无知无识地
分布：无罪地(60%)，纯洁地(40%)
ADV-GRADED
故作天真地;佯装无知地
If you say that someone does or says something innocently, you mean that they are pretending not to know something about a situation.
例：I caught Chrissie's eye, but she only smiled back at me innocently...我与克丽茜对视了一眼,但她只是一脸天真地对我微笑。
例：'Any chance you'd be heading out that way again, soon?' I asked innocently.“你很快会再往那边去吗?”我故作不知地问道。
adv. 纯洁地；无罪地
 - spotlessly, immaculately

Word: purification
Front: purification
[ˌpjʊərɪfɪ'keɪʃn] (托 15434/15744)
Vocabulary: purification
(once / 2524 pages)
n
Purification is the removal of impure elements from something. After purification, water is safe to drink. Most cities have a system of water purification, so people get clean fresh drinking water without any parasites or goldfish in it.
Purification is when things are cleaned and made pure. Salt water must undergo purification before it's safe to drink. Some filters do a purification of the air to reduce allergens. In some religions, purification is the removal of sin, which is another type of cleansing. For example, sumo wrestlers throw salt in the ring for purification, as part of the tradition of the Shinto religion.
WORD FAMILY
purification: purifications+/purified: unpurified/purifier: purifiers/ purify: purification, purified, purifier, purifies, purifying/purifying: purifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He urged his collaborators to undergo an ongoing process of spiritual purification guided by the gospel.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The renewal, purification and strengthening of solid economic models depends on our own personal conversion and generosity to those in need.
Time(Dec 03, 2016)
Charity is mandated in Islam as an act of purification.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 洗净; 涤罪; 提纯; （犹太妇女按教规在月经后行的）洁净礼
分布：净化(80%)，提纯(20%)
【记】pur源于pure纯化
【反】adulteration（n 掺杂）
US [ˌpjʊr-] noun uncountable
NOT MIXED 纯净
■the act of removing harmful substances from something 净化，精炼
• a water purification plant 净水厂
• an air purification system 空气净化系统
UK [ˌpjʊə.rɪ.fɪ'keɪ.ʃən] US [ˌpjʊr-] noun uncountable
MORALLY GOOD 道德高尚
■in some religions, the act of removing from a person, usually by a ceremony, the bad effects that they are suffering because they have broken a religious or moral law （某些宗教中的）涤罪，洗罪
n. 净化； [化工] 提纯；涤罪
 - distillation, decontamination

Word: sculpted
Front: sculpted
[skʌlptid] (15446/21953)
Vocabulary: sculpted
(once / 24122 pages)
adj
If something is sculpted, it's carved or modeled into a deliberate shape. An artist might make a sculpted statue of a Greek god.
You can use the adjective sculpted to describe anything that's been shaped into a specific form, whether it's a sculptor's block of clay or a wood carver's tree trunk, sculpted into the shape of a lighthouse. People use the word to describe human bodies, too — your brother might go to the gym every day with the hope of getting sculpted abdominal muscles, for example. The Latin root sculpt means "to carve."
WORD FAMILY
sculpt: sculpted, sculpting, sculptor, sculpts, sculpture +/sculptor: sculptors/sculptural: sculpturally/ sculpture: sculptural, sculptured, sculpturer, sculptures, sculpturesque, sculpturing/ sculpturesque: sculpturesquely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Huskies’ 41-10 victory on Friday night at Levi’s Stadium was sculpted by a ferocious defense and a sturdy run game.
Seattle Times(Dec 02, 2016)
He gained renown for dramatic depictions of the human form sculpted without the use of models.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Suddenly it has crossed rocks, poured through valleys, sculpted green banks, jumped through waterfalls, wet the feet of women washing their family's clothes.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: v. 雕刻( sculpt的过去式和过去分词 ); 雕塑; 做（头发）; 梳（发式）
分布：雕刻(53%)，雕塑(31%)，雕刻品(9%)，雕塑品(7%)
VERB
雕刻;雕塑
When an artist sculpts something, they carve or shape it out of a material such as stone or clay.
例：An artist sculpted a full-size replica of her head...一位艺术家按实际大小雕刻了一个她的头部模型。
例：When I sculpt, my style is expressionistic.我的雕刻风格是表现主义。
VERB
使成形
If something is sculpted, it is made into a particular shape.
例：More familiar landscapes have been sculpted by surface erosion...还有更多熟悉的地貌是因地表侵蚀形成的。
例：Michael smoothed and sculpted Jane's hair into shape.迈克尔把简的头发梳理平整并做出发型。
v. 雕刻（sculpt的过去式）
 - carved, engraved

Word: emancipation
Front: emancipation
[ɪˌmænsɪ'peɪʃn] (托 15524/9317)
Vocabulary: emancipation
(once / 697 pages)
n
Emancipation is being set free from the control of someone or something. Your emancipation from your parents comes when you turn 18 and are legally considered an adult.
The word appears most memorably in "the Emancipation Proclamation," Abraham Lincoln's order of 1863 that freed the slaves in the U.S. Emancipation can describe any kind of liberation: "If you're really chafing under the rigors of practicing for the upcoming game, you and your teammates can go on strike for emancipation from the grueling schedule your coach has decreed."
WORD FAMILY
emancipation: emancipationist, emancipations+/ emancipate: emancipated, emancipates, emancipating, emancipation, emancipative, emancipator/emancipationist: emancipationists/emancipator: emancipators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Civil rights activists and their families, along with leaders of the Senate and the House, filled the grand Emancipation Hall of the Capitol Visitors Center.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Wonder Woman’s American flag outfit was propaganda and demonstrated her emancipation from fashion conformity.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
History class put away their textbooks and copies of the Emancipation Proclamation, then opened their mindfulness journals.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. （从束缚、支配下）解放
分布：解放(94%)，释放(6%)
解放[cap,capt,cept,ceive,cip,cup=take,hold,seize,表示"拿,抓,握住"]
noun uncountable
■the process of giving people social or political freedom and rights 解放；给予人们政治或社会的自由权利的过程
• women's/female emancipation 妇女／女性解放
• black emancipation 黑人的解放
n. 解放；释放
 - liberation, release, enfranchisement

Word: fortified
Front: fortified
['fɔ:tɪfaɪd] (15432/14803)
Vocabulary: fortified
(once / 717 pages)
adj
Fortified means strengthened or protected. When you've taken lots of vitamins, you should be fortified against getting sick!
A fortified place is somewhere, like a military fort, where you are protected from danger, perhaps because you are high up on a hill or because your walls are built of iron. A fortified outfit would be a suit of armor. Fortified can also describe foods that have been supplied with added nutrients. Fortified milk might include added vitamin D, to ensure that you are getting your recommended supply.
WORD FAMILY
fortify: fortification, fortified, fortifies, fortifying+/ fort: forted, fortify, forting, forts/fortification: fortifications
USAGE EXAMPLES
But “Drunk Shakespeare” — fortified, perhaps, by liquid courage? — will plow ahead with evening performances at Roy Arias Stages, on West 43rd Street.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
His company is a distinctly family business fortified with longtime loyalists that operates less on standardized procedures and more on a culture of Trump.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
And he was fortified by “Arnie’s Army,” his band of volunteers, ready at all times for the commander to walk the fairway.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 加强的
v. 筑防御工事于( fortify的过去式和过去分词 ); 筑堡于; 增强; 强化（食品）
分布：加强的(91%)，动词fortify的过去式和过去分词形式.(9%)
VERB
筑防于;设要塞于;加固
To fortify a place means to make it stronger and more difficult to attack, often by building a wall or ditch round it.
例：...British soldiers working to fortify an airbase in Bahrain.在巴林一空军基地筑防的英国士兵
VERB
强化(食品或饮料);使营养价值提高
If food or drink is fortified, another substance is added to it to make it healthier or stronger.
例：It has also been fortified with vitamin C...它还添加了维生素 C。
例：All sherry is made from wine fortified with brandy.所有的雪利酒都是在葡萄酒中加入白兰地勾兑成的。
VERB
使振作;坚定…的信心;使补充体力
If you are fortified by something such as food, drink, or an idea, it makes you feel more cheerful, determined, or energetic.
例：The volunteers were fortified by their patriotic belief...爱国信念更加坚定了志愿者们的信心。
例：They will be laying on liquid refreshment to fortify brides-to-be for the shopping extravaganza ahead...他们将为准新娘们准备些酒，好让她们接下来有充沛精力疯狂购物。
VERB
使强化;使更接近成功
To fortify something means to make it more powerful and more likely to succeed.
例：His declared agenda is to raise standards in schools, fortify parent power and decentralise control.他公布的计划旨在提高学校办学标准，加强家长权力，分散管理。

Word: no-nonsense
Front: no-nonsense
[ˈnəuˈnɔnsəns] (-1)
Vocabulary: no-nonsense
(once / 14485 pages)
adj
Someone who's no-nonsense is very efficient and businesslike. If you're extremely practical and don't see the point of wasting time, you're no-nonsense.
Some teachers like to joke around with students, while others are much stricter than that — they are stern and no-nonsense. A brand new English teacher might resolve to start using more no-nonsense techniques in the classroom if he realizes his class isn't getting quite enough accomplished. The adjective no-nonsense was first used in 1920s sporting slang, originally in the phrase "to stand to no nonsense."
WORD FAMILY
no-nonsense
USAGE EXAMPLES
Williams plays his ex-wife; she is sassy, rumpled, no-nonsense, with splotchy roots.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Leading the Department of Homeland Security will be recently retired General John Kelly, another no-nonsense Marine.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
Her no-nonsense blank verse skewers our president-elect, among other popular local targets.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 讲究实际的; 直截了当的; 不容胡闹的; 简单实用的
分布：严肃的(50%)，不容许胡说的(25%)，正经的(25%)
US [ˌnoʊ'nɑ:n.sents] adjective [before noun]
■practical and serious, and only interested in doing what is necessary or achieving what is intended, without silly ideas or methods 务实严肃的
• a no-nonsense manner/leader 务实认真的态度／领导
• a no-nonsense approach to child-rearing 养育子女方面严肃务实的态度
adj. 严肃的；实际的
 - serious, practical, actual, effective, real

Word: relent
Front: relent
[rɪˈlent] (宝 15454/18525 -1)
Vocabulary: relent
(once / 508 pages)
v
Being unwilling to relent is a good qualification for a sales person. You have to keep trying to make the sale and never give in until you've made it.
The root of relent is the Latin "lentus," which means "to slow down or soften," and the original meaning (from the 15th century, no less) most likely had to do with the heart — as in "to stop resisting love". Now, however, relent can have all manner of relevant applications, but the meaning is always the same: to let up, soften, yield or give in. Often, you'll hear the adjective relentless used to describe someone who won't relent: "The firemen refused to relent; they banged relentlessly on the door until I woke up."
WORD FAMILY
relent: relented, relenting, relentless, relents+/relenting: unrelenting / relentless: relentlessly, relentlessness/ unrelenting: unrelentingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then, in September, the trademark bureau finally relented, declaring Dong Wei’s trademark invalid.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
After a call with the man with whom he will soon be negotiating American aid, Mr. Sisi relented.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Charles finally relented and signed C.J. up for tackle football in eighth grade.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. 动怜悯心; 发慈悲心
vt. 收敛; 变温和
时态：relented, relenting, relents
分布：变温和(44%)，缓和(24%)，变宽厚(24%)，动怜悯之心(8%)
→re-,表强调，-len,松的，软的，词源同 lenient,lithe.引申词义缓和，减弱。
放松;宽厚(re再+lent→再放松)[lent=loose(松)]
[rɪ'lent] slightly formal
verb intransitive
■to act in a less severe way towards someone and allow something that you had refused to allow before 变温和；变宽容；不再拒绝
• Her parents eventually relented and let her go to the party. 她父母的态度最后缓和了下来，让她去参加派对。
• The security guard relented and let them through. 保安最后同意了，给他们放了行。
vi. 变温和，变宽厚；减弱；缓和
 - fall, lower
vt. 使变温和；减轻
 - moderate, allay

Word: impropriety
Front: impropriety
[ˌɪmprəˈpraɪəti] (托 15427/19897)
Vocabulary: impropriety
(once / 2704 pages)
n
When the boss' wife shows up at a formal dinner party and proceeds to stuff her purse full of hors d'oeuvres, no one dares to mention her impropriety above a whisper, especially to the boss.
Impropriety is a violation of a rule of behavior, manners, or etiquette. So while it is fitting and proper to wear a bikini top and a sarong to the beach, to do so at church would be considered an impropriety. Some find a bit of impropriety charming. Somerset Maugham went so far as to say, “Impropriety is the soul of wit.”
WORD FAMILY
impropriety: improprieties+/ propriety: impropriety, proprieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Before the inauguration, Mr. Trump should declare a zero-tolerance policy toward conflicts of interest and impropriety — especially his own.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
In September, New York's attorney general said he was investigating the Trump Foundation over suspected "impropriety".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The auction essentially advertised access for money, a real temptation to impropriety, regardless of the merit of the charity.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 不得体; 不适当; 不得体的举止; 不正确
分布：不适当(48%)，不正确(20%)，不得体(16%)，用词错误(16%)
→来自improper,不诚实的。
【记】propriety（n 适当；礼貌）
【参】improper（adj 不适当的；不合礼仪的）；proper（adj 适当的；有礼貌的）
【反】decorum（n 礼貌）
US [-tˌi] noun countable or uncountable formal
■behaviour that is dishonest, socially unacceptable, or unsuitable for a particular situation 不诚实的或不正当的做法；不适当的行为
• financial/legal impropriety 不正当的经济活动／违法行为
• allegations of sexual impropriety 对不正当性行为的指控
n. 不适当；不正确；用词错误； [审计] 不正当行为
 - inadequacy, inaptitude

Word: reconfigure
Front: reconfigure
[ˌri:kənˈfɪgə(r)] (15437/49377)
Back: v. 重新装配，改装
分布：重新装配(67%)，改装(33%)
→re-,再，重新，figure,布置。

Word: squat
Front: squat
[skwɒt] (六托宝 7870/8932 -1)
Vocabulary: squat
(once / 642 pages)
vadjn
If you crouch down very low and sit on your heels, you squat. If you have to talk to a small child, you might have to squat to talk face-to-face.
The verb squat also means to illegally occupy a building — especially to live in it. If you own vacant property, you need to be careful that someone doesn't decide to squat in the empty house. As an adjective, squat describes someone who is very short and thick. In the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the dwarfs are depicted as squat little men.
WORD FAMILY
squat: squatly, squatness, squats, squatted, squatter, squatting+/squatter: squatters/squatting: squattings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Men squat over indigo vats, dipping in T-shirt after T-shirt — some of them multiple times, to produce a darker, more intense shade.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Occupied as an artists squat starting in the 1980s, Les Frigos is today an emblematic artistic hub with coveted studios and exhibition space.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
After lunch he would do squats and push-ups, then return to the bunk until dinner.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 蹲，蹲伏; 擅自占用土地; 依法在政府公地上定居; 〈口〉坐
vt. 使蹲坐; 使蹲下; 擅自占用
n. 蹲坐，蹲姿; 擅自占用的土地; [体]蹲举式举重; 动物的窝
adj. 矮胖的; 蹲着的
时态：squatted, squatting, squats
分布：蹲(58%)，蹲坐(18%)，蹲下(8%)，低矮的(6%)，蹲着的(5%)，擅自占用的土地(2%)，擅自占地(2%)，矮胖胖的(1%)
→来自中古法语 squatten,蹲坐，来自古法语 esquatir,压，压下，来自 es-,向外，或表强调，quatir, 压，压下，来自通俗拉丁语*coactire,压，压下，来自 co-,表强调，-act,做，驱动，词源同 act,exact. 引申词义擅自占用无主土地或无主房产。
【记】squ压，at：把他压扁－矮胖的
【反】tall and thin（瘦高的）
US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
SIT 坐
intransitive
■to position yourself close to the ground balancing on the front part of your feet with your legs bent under your body 蹲，蹲坐
• She squatted on the ground and warmed her hands by the fire. 她蹲在地上，伸出双手烤火。
• He squatted down and examined the front wheel of his bike. 他蹲下身来，检查脚踏车的前轮。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] verb (-tt-)
LIVE 住
intransitive or transitive
■to live in an empty building or area of land without the permission of the owner 擅自占用（空房或空地）；偷住
• They squatted (in)an old house in King's Cross when their money ran out. 他们钱花光后，就偷偷住进了国王十字车站的一处旧房子里。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] adjective (squatter, squattest)
■short and wide, usually in a way that is not attractive 低矮的；矮墩墩的，矮胖的
• a row of ugly squat houses 一排低矮难看的房子
• a heavily-built squat man 矮胖的男人
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
SITTING 坐
countable
■a squatting position or exercise 蹲坐；蹲伏
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
PLACE TO LIVE 居所
countable
■the place that you live in when you are squatting 擅自占用的地方；偷住的房子
• They're living in a damp squat with no electricity. 他们偷住在一处空房子里，既潮湿又没有电。
UK [skwɒt] US [skwɑ:t] noun
ANYTHING 任何事物
uncountable US slang
■anything 任何东西
• She shouldn't talk - she doesn't know squat about it. 她不该说话——她甚么都不懂。
• His opinion isn't worth squat. 他的看法一文不值。
vi. 蹲，蹲下；蹲坐；蹲伏
 - bend down, stay down
adj. 蹲着的；矮胖的
 - podgy, five-by-five

Word: regent
Front: regent
['ri:dʒənt] (宝 15506/8876)
Vocabulary: regent
(once / 515 pages)
nadj
In a monarchy, if the king gets too sick to rule his country, a regent steps in to run things temporarily.
When kings or queens aren't able to do their jobs — because they're ill, or often because they are children — trusted advisers called regents fill in. You can think of a regent as a substitute monarch. There's also a more permanent kind of regent who helps to run a business or university and can also be called a trustee or board member. In Latin, regent means "ruling," from the verb regere, "to rule."
WORD FAMILY
regent: regency, regents+/regency: regencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Texas State University System Board of Regents, $570.8 million of revenue financing, system revenue and refinancing bonds.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But in 1969, an all-encompassing Board of Regents was created, allegedly to streamline higher education in the Mountain State.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The players invited the regents in, according to three people who were there, and a marathon discussion lasted until dawn.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 摄政者
adj. （用在名词后）摄政的
分布：摄政者(67%)，摄政的(33%)
→reg-,国君，国王，词源同 regal,-ent,人。用于指摄政王。
noun countable
■a person who rules a country only for a limited period, because the king or queen is absent or too young or too ill, etc. 摄政者；摄政王
n. 摄政王；摄政者；州立大学董事会董事；统治者
 - governor, ruler
adj. 摄政的；统治的
 - ruling, dominant

Word: dumpster

Word: chloride
Front: chloride
[ˈklɔ:raɪd] (15532/10643 -1)
Back: n. 氯化物; 〈口〉漂白粉
分布：氯化物(100%)
US ['klɔ:r.aɪd] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■a chemical compound that is a mixture of chlorine and another substance 氯化物
• Sodium chloride is the chemical name for common salt. 氯化钠是食盐的化学名称。
n. [无化] 氯化物
 - muriate

Word: retiring
Front: retiring
[rɪˈtaɪərɪŋ] (宝 15443/11443)
Vocabulary: retiring
(once / 653 pages)
adj
If you are a retiring person, you avoid being at the center of attention. You can often be found in the library and other quiet places, and if someone compliments you, you're likely to blush and change the subject.
If you call someone retiring, it isn't necessarily clear whether you mean it as a compliment or something closer to a put-down. Usually, the word is used to describe someone who is shy or modest to a fault. But it can also be used to suggest that someone isn't arrogant, which is usually a good thing. And, of course, retiring can also refer to someone who stepped down from their last job and doesn't intend to work anymore.
WORD FAMILY
retiring: retiringly+/ retire: retired, retiree, retirement, retires, retiring / retired: retiredly/ retiree: retirees/ retirement: retirements
USAGE EXAMPLES
The 37-year-old receiver reiterated last week that he’s likely retiring.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The 14-year veteran announced Friday that he was retiring after Sunday’s game.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Jessica Ennis-Hill, 30, announced in October she was retiring from athletics after winning an Olympics silver medal in the summer.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 即将退休的; 即将离职的; 过隐居生活的; 害羞的
v. 退职，退役， （使）退休( retire的现在分词 ); 退下; 撤退; 就寝
分布：退休的(69%)，退役的(12%)，腼腆的(11%)，不爱交际的(5%)，动词retire的现在分词.(3%)
→来自 retire,撤离。比喻用法。
【记】源于：retire（v 退休，隐居）
US [-'taɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
SHY 腼腆 formal
■unwilling to be noticed or to be with other people 不愿与人交往的；离群索居的；孤僻的
• to be shy and retiring 腼腆孤僻
UK [rɪ'taɪə.rɪŋ] US [-'taɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
STOP WORKING 停止工作
[before noun]
■describes someone who is planning to leave their job 即将退休的；将要离职的；行将退役的
• The match ended in disappointment for the retiring captain, Viv Richards. 这场比赛的结果令即将退役的球队队长维夫．理查兹很失望。
adj. 退休的；不善社交的；过隐居生活的
 - emeritus, on the beach

Word: demonize
Front: demonize
[ˈdi:mənaɪz] (15447/-)
Back: vt. 使成为魔鬼
时态：demonized, demonizing, demonizes
分布：使成为魔鬼(67%)，使着魔(33%)
(UK usually demonise) ['di:.mə.naɪz] verb transitive
■to try to make someone or a group of people seem as if they are completely evil 使恶魔化，将…妖魔化
• The Nazis used racist propaganda in an attempt to demonize the Jews. 纳粹试图利用种族主义，宣传将犹太人妖魔化。

Word: four-year-old
Front: four-year-old
None None
Back: [网络] 三四十岁；四岁的；容词
分布：4岁幼儿(100%)

Word: amplifier
Front: amplifier
[ˈæmplɪfaɪə(r)] (研 15529/9205 -1)
Vocabulary: amplifier
(once / 16624 pages)
n
An amplifier is a device that makes an electronic signal stronger, and it's most often used to increase the volume of musical instruments. If you play electric guitar in a rock band, you use an amplifier.
In scientific terms, an amplifier can increase (or amplify) any type of signal, including magnetic signals and optical signals. When people talk about amplifiers, they usually mean the ones used by musicians and sound engineers. If you plug your electric bass guitar into an amplifier, you can make the sound loud enough that your next door neighbors will be able to hear it. You can call an amplifier an amp for short.
WORD FAMILY
amplifier: amplifiers+/amplification: amplifications/ amplify: amplification, amplified, amplifier, amplifies, amplifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
She looked like a mannequin under a pile of charred wreckage about a dozen feet high, among pianos, drum kits and amplifiers coated with soot.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
That was it: the power and magic of distorted guitars. blasting through loud Marshall amplifiers.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
In the moments leading up to a Pig Destroyer show I once caught, Hull tested his amplifier with three choppy strums of the guitar.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 扩音器; 放大器; 扩大的人; 详述者
分布：放大器(99%)，扩音机(1%)
扩音器(amplify扩音)[-fier表名词"人和物",由-ify转化而来]
n.放大器,扩大器According to the pamphlet, the current in the amplifier can be amplified to 3 amperes.根据小册子,在放大器里的电流可以被放大到3安培.
US [-ɚ] (informal amp)
noun countable
■an electrical device which makes sounds louder 扩音器，扬声器
n. [电子] 放大器，扩大器；扩音器
 - mike, microphone

Word: luster
Front: luster
['lʌstə] (托 15444/-)
Vocabulary: luster
(once / 3965 pages)
n
Something with luster has a certain kind of sheen or shininess, like the way a new pair of shoes looks right before you step into a pile of mud.
Luster is a noun that commonly refers to a soft sheen, glossy surface, or brightness. It comes from the Italian word lustro, which means "to make bright." Daniel Defoe, author of the novel Robinson Crusoe, once famously said, “The soul is placed in the body like a rough diamond, and must be polished, or the luster of it will never appear.”
WORD FAMILY
luster: lusterless, lusters+/ lusterless: lusterlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s all about the finish – shine and luster.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“You’re reducing the amount of food” in the system and hurting biological productivity, said Tom Luster, a senior environmental scientist at the commission.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
An avalanche of sacks and turnovers the last two weeks have taken some of the luster off an otherwise spectacular season for the Louisville quarterback.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 光泽; 光辉; 光彩; 荣耀
vt. 使有光泽，使有光彩，给…增光
vi. 有光泽，发光
分布：光泽(64%)，光彩(25%)，有光泽(7%)，发亮(2%)，荣誉(1%)，使 ... 发光辉(1%)
光泽,光彩(lust+er)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
n. [光] 光泽；光彩
 - reflet, shine
vi. [光] 有光泽；发亮
 - lamp, brighten up

Word: drone
Front: drone
[drəʊn] (宝 11442/16178 -1)
Vocabulary: drone
(once / 1075 pages)
1vn 2n 3n 4n
To drone is to make a low, continuous noise that sounds like humming or buzzing. On summer nights, you might hear cicadas drone, and on snowy winter mornings, hear your neighbor's snow blower drone.
Like animals and machines, people drone too, their voices sounding dull and tedious: "When my history teacher drones on, it's hard to stay awake." Drone is also a noun, meaning the monotonous sound itself, like the drone of a boring lecture; or a male worker bee; or a person who's as unambitious as a worker bee. Finally, there are the drones that fly by remote control, doing surveillance, gathering weather information, and occasionally firing missiles for the military.
WORD FAMILY
drone: droned, drones, droning+/droning: dronings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The arms race is fed in part by the slow pace of government regulation for drones.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Visitors should allow for extra time getting to their destination. Also banned: No drones.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Meanwhile, she authorised the transfer to Estonia of high-precision long-range missiles to be deployed alongside drones, tanks and RAF jets.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 雄蜂; 嗡嗡声; 持续低音; 无人驾驶飞机
v. 嗡嗡叫; 嗡嗡响; 絮絮叨叨地说
时态：droned, droning, drones
分布：无人驾驶飞机(50%)，雄蜂(22%)，嗡嗡声(14%)，混日子(5%)，单调的声音(3%)，单调低沉地说(2%)，游手好闲者(2%)，嗡嗡叫(2%)
→拟声词。
【反】speak animatedly（生动地说）
US [droʊn] noun
NOISE 杂讯
only singular
■a low continuous noise which does not change its note 轰鸣声，嗡嗡声
• the drone of an engine 引擎的轰鸣声
• Outside the tent I could hear the constant drone of insects. 我能听到帐篷外面昆虫发出的持续不断的嗡嗡声。
• The drone of his voice made me feel sleepy. 他单调低沉的语调让我昏昏欲睡。
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] noun
BEE 蜜蜂
countable
■a male bee 雄蜂
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] verb intransitive
■to make a low continuous noise which does not change its note 轰鸣声，嗡嗡声
• An airplane droned in the background. 背景响起了飞机的轰鸣声。
UK [drəʊn] US [droʊn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  drone on disapproving
■to talk for a long time in a boring way 喋喋不休，无休止地谈论
• He was droning on (and on)about his operation. 他在喋喋不休地讲他的手术。
n. 雄蜂；嗡嗡的声音；懒惰者
 - do-nothing
vi. 嗡嗡作声；混日子
 - goof off, hell around
vt. 低沉地说
 - rumble

Word: rambling
Front: rambling
[ˈræmblɪŋ] (15471/18456 -1)
Vocabulary: rambling
(once / 1724 pages)
adj
The adjective rambling means confused and long-winded, the way you could describe your grandfather's endless rambling stories of his childhood.
Rambling always means indirect and a little confusing, which can be a negative quality in a classroom lecture or movie plot — but when you're talking about a path through the woods, rambling is a charming way to describe it. You might love to hike through the woods on rambling trails that twist and turn. Rambling comes from the verb ramble, "walk or stroll," which is a variant on the older verb romen, "to walk, or to go," and related to "roam."
WORD FAMILY
rambling: ramblingly+/ ramble: rambled, rambler, rambles, rambling /rambler: ramblers
USAGE EXAMPLES
I spent the next few weeks writing long, rambling stream-of-consciousness journals in an effort to find the answer to his question.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Tossed into the back of a police car, “I launched into a rambling explanation and they decided I was not worth keeping,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Perhaps it is time to imagine the atmospheric commons as a space for public rambling and exploration with drones, balloons, satellites and as-yet-unforeseen flying objects.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 闲逛的，漫步的; 闲聊的; （思想）散漫的; 布局凌乱的，杂乱无章的
v. （无目的地）漫游( ramble的现在分词); （喻）漫谈; 扯淡; 长篇大论
分布：杂乱无章的(54%)，闲逛的(35%)，动词ramble的现在分词.(11%)
→来自 ramble,蔓延。
adjective
TALK 说
■too long and confused 杂乱无章的；冗长芜杂的；漫无边际的
• a long rambling speech 冗长而不着边际的讲话
['ræm.blɪŋ] adjective
SPREADING 延伸
■large and spreading out in many different directions 向四处延伸的；蔓延到很大区域的；蔓生的
• a rambling rose 蔓生的蔷薇
• a rambling old house 一座格局凌乱的老宅
['ræm.blɪŋ] noun uncountable
WALKING 散步
■the activity of going for long walks in the countryside （尤指在乡间）漫步，漫游，闲逛
['ræm.blɪŋ] noun uncountable
SPEECH/WRITING 话／文字
ramblings [plural]
■long and confused speech or writing 杂乱无章的话（或文字）；冗长芜杂的文字；漫无边际的闲扯
adj. 漫步的；闲聊的；蔓生的
 - sprawling
v. 漫步（ramble的ing形式）
 - roaming

Word: sap
Front: sap
[sæp] (托宝 14653/12781 -1)
Vocabulary: sap
(once / 753 pages)
1n 2v
To sap something is to drain or deplete something over time. If you sap a maple tree, you drain the liquid inside it to make maple syrup. But if you sap a person of strength, you've rendered him defenseless.
Whether used as a noun or verb, sap is rarely a good thing. If your energy or will is sapped, it’s not meant lightly; it means you have been exhausted of all your reserve energy, you’re reduced to a shell. If someone calls you "a sap," it suggests you lack strength and character. And if you get sap — the sticky liquid inside a tree — on your hands, good luck getting it off in the middle of a forest without a bar of soap and running water. Yuck.
WORD FAMILY
sap: sapless, sapped, sapper, sapping, sappy, saps+/sapper: sappers/ sappy: sappier, sappiest, sappily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He likens it to maple syrup, where you tap a maple tree and collect sap.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
SAP SE and Oracle Corp. are encroaching on its turf.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
“These trees and plants were once so important that caravans stopped to buy their products, either as oil or raw sap,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 精力，元气; 树液; 活力; 坑道
vt. 使衰竭; 使伤元气; 挖掘使倒塌
vi. 挖坑道
时态：sapped, sapping, saps
分布：树液(38%)，汁液(31%)，精力(13%)，削弱(12%)，地道(2%)，挖地道(2%)，逐渐耗竭(2%)
→来自古英语 saepm,来自 Proto-Germanic*sapam,来自 sab,液体，汁液，来自 sap,品尝， 品味，词源同 savor,insipid.sap 挖地道，挖坑道，削弱，破坏
【记】sa三，p屁：使劲放了三个屁，精力耗尽。
【参】sapless（adj 枯萎的；无生气的）
【反】bolster（v 支持）；fortify（v 增强；使坚强）；invigorate（v 鼓舞）
verb transitive (-pp-)
■to make someone weaker or take away strength or an important quality from someone, especially over a long period of time （尤指经过一段很长的时间）使伤元气；削弱；使耗尽
• Constant criticism saps you of your confidence. 不间断的批评会消磨信心。
• Looking after her dying mother had sapped all her energy. 照顾临终的母亲耗尽了她的全部精力。
[sæp] noun
LIQUID 液体
uncountable
■the liquid that carries food to all parts of a plant （植物运送养分的）汁，液
• Maple syrup is obtained from the sap of the sugar maple tree. 枫糖浆是从糖枫树的树汁中提炼的。
[sæp] noun
PERSON 人
countable mainly US informal
■a stupid person who can easily be tricked or persuaded to do something 笨蛋，傻瓜；容易上当的人
• He's a sap for (= He can easily be persuaded to buy) any new machine. 他很容易上当，新款机器一推销他就买。
[sæp] noun
the sap is rising humorous
■said to describe a feeling of increased interest in and energy for romance and sex （对恋爱和性）兴致勃勃起来，起劲
n. [植] 树液；精力，元气；活力； [军] 坑道
 - energy, vitality, tunnel, spring, steam
vt. 使衰竭，使伤元气；挖掘以破坏基础
 - deplete

Word: purr
Front: purr
[pɜ:(r)] (15543/21285 -1)
Vocabulary: purr
(once / 1804 pages)
nv
The happy sound a relaxed cat makes is a purr. A purr is low and fluttery, and you can feel it vibrating in the cat's body.
Your pet cat purrs, and so do some of her larger relatives, like the puma and the bobcat, as well as the cat-like animal called a genet, raccoons, badgers, tapirs, and even guinea pigs. Scientists aren't entirely sure how a cat purrs, but they do know that felines can either purr or roar, but not both (lions, for example, don't purr). They also suspect that a purr evolved as communication between mother cats and nursing kittens.
WORD FAMILY
purr: purred, purring, purrs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purring jaguars prowled about our tents at night along with other unseen beasts.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Yearwood purrs persuasively in “Santa Baby,” and Brooks brings the requisite light touch to the utterly forgettable novelty contribution, “Ugly Christmas Sweater.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Going up to “spicy,” the boost in chile acted like a magnifying lens, articulating each flavor, and I started to purr.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 咕噜咕噜的响声; （猫发出的）咕噜声; （机器等）颤动声; 咕噜咕噜地叫
vi. 猫发咕噜声; 发出喉音
vt. 发出喉音; 满意地说
时态：purred, purring, purrs
分布：人高兴发出的声音(100%)
→拟声词。
US [pɝ:] verb intransitive
■to make a quiet continuous soft sound 发出平稳低沉的声音
• The cat purred as I stroked its fur. 我抚摸猫的软毛时，它呜呜地叫着。
• We could hear the sound of a lawnmower purring in the back garden. 我们能听到后院割草机的震颤声。
• A black limousine purred up (= drove up making a quiet continuous soft sound) outside the hotel. 旅馆外面，一辆黑色豪华轿车呜地驶过来。
• [+ speech] "I love it when you stroke my back, " she purred (= said with pleasure). “我喜欢你抚摸我的背，”她满意地哼着说。
UK [pɜ:] US [pɝ:] noun only singular
■a purring noise 咕噜声，呜呜声
• I stroked the cat and it gave a low purr. 我轻抚那只猫，它发出了低沉的呜呜声。
• I heard the gentle purr of an engine outside the house. 我听到了房子外面引擎低沉的隆隆声。
n. 咕噜咕噜声；（猫的）呜呜声；（机器等）颤动声
 - varoom
vi. 发出喉音；猫发出呜呜声
 - pur

Word: celebratory
Front: celebratory
[ˌseləˈbreɪtəri] (15484/18674)
Back: adj. 快乐的，兴高采烈的
分布：庆祝的(100%)
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■celebrating an important event or a special occasion 庆祝，庆贺；祝贺
• When we heard she'd got the job, we all went off for a celebratory drink. 听说她得到了那份工作，我们全都去喝酒庆祝。
adj. 快乐的
 - festival, cheerful, enjoyable, gay, happiest

Word: azalea
Front: azalea
[əˈzeɪliə] (15538/24349)
Back: n. 杜鹃花
分布：杜鹃花(100%)
→az, 干，词源同arid，干旱的。指该花生长于干旱的土地。
N-COUNT
杜鹃花
An azalea is a woody plant with shiny, dark-green leaves which produces many brightly-coloured flowers in the spring.
n. [园艺] 杜鹃花
 - rhododendron

Word: psychometric
Front: psychometric
[ˌsaɪkəˈmetrɪk] (15357/27869)
Back: adj. 心理测量的，心理测量学的
分布：心理测量学的(55%)，心理测量的(45%)
→psycho-,精神，心理，-meter,测量。
ADJ
心理测量的；性格测试的
Psychometric tests are designed to test a person's mental state, personality, and thought processes.
例：Psychometric testing is simply a way of measuring people's individual talents and capabilities.心理测试只是一种测量个体才智和能力的方式。

Word: involuntarily
Front: involuntarily
[ɪn'vɒləntrəlɪ] (15439/15781)
Vocabulary: involuntarily
(once / 829 pages)
adv
When you do something involuntarily, you do it despite not wanting to. You might involuntarily start to giggle during your cousin's Star Wars-themed wedding ceremony.
Use the adverb involuntarily to describe things that are done against your will or without your control. You'll involuntarily take a swim if your brother pushes you in the deep end of a pool; when you have a twitch in your eye, you blink involuntarily. In either case, the word involuntarily combines the Latin prefix in, "not or opposite of" with voluntarius, "of one's free will."
WORD FAMILY
involuntary: involuntarily, involuntariness+/nonvoluntary: nonvoluntarily/ voluntary: involuntary, nonvoluntary, unvoluntary, voluntaries, voluntarily, voluntaryly/ volunteer: voluntary, volunteered, volunteering, volunteers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The statement concluded, “I am hoping to undo the injustice that I was unfortunately and involuntarily a part of.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The corruption of the gene leads to what doctors call dystonia, when muscles contract involuntarily.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Nearly a half-century ago, in 1967, the court also ruled that citizens cannot be deprived of their citizenship involuntarily.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 非自愿地; 非出于本意地; 无意地; 偶然地
分布：无意识地(50%)，不知不觉地(50%)
ADJ
不由自主的;不自觉的
If you make an involuntary movement or exclamation, you make it suddenly and without intending to because you are unable to control yourself.
例：Another surge of pain in my ankle caused me to give an involuntary shudder.脚踝突然又一阵疼痛，痛得我直打哆嗦。
ADJ
强迫的;非自愿的
You use involuntary to describe an action or situation which is forced on someone.
例：...insurance policies that cover involuntary unemployment...涵盖非自愿失业的保险单
例：Involuntary repatriation of Haitians began this week.这周已开始将海地人强制遣送回国。
adv. 无心地；不自觉地；偶然地
 - indeliberately, accidentally

Word: purveyor
Front: purveyor
[pəˈveɪə(r)] (15472/19286)
Vocabulary: purveyor
(once / 4700 pages)
n
A purveyor is someone who supplies goods — often food or drinks. If you're a seafood purveyor, you will always smell a bit fishy — which is no surprise, considering that you sell cod and haddock all day long.
A purveyor can be someone who provides food or drinks, as in the popcorn purveyor who walks up and down through the stands of a baseball game trying to peddle his salty treats. When you go to the circus you will see clowns, who are purveyors of silliness because of their repertoire of fun and hilarious stunts.
WORD FAMILY
purveyor: purveyors+/ purvey: purveyance, purveyed, purveying, purveyor, purveys/purveyance: purveyances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some purveyors of these seasonal products, like Neal Hoffman, never expected to be in the Hanukkah business.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The parade of fake news purveyors doesn’t stop with Mrs. Clinton.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Several companies said it is difficult to label a site as a purveyor of fake news.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 承办商，伙食承办商
分布：供应粮食者(51%)，承办者(33%)，散播者(16%)
US [pɚ'veɪ.ɚ] formal
noun countable usually plural
■a business which provides goods or services 供应商
• purveyors of seafood 海鲜供应商
• a purveyor of leather goods 皮货供应商
• UK Purveyors of Jams and Marmalades to Her Majesty the Queen 为女王陛下提供果酱和柳橙酱的供应商
n. 承办商；伙食承办商；供应粮食者；供应货物或提供服务的人或公司
 - victualler

Word: predictability
Front: predictability
[prɪˌdɪktə'bɪlətɪ] (托 15556/19019)
Vocabulary: predictability
(once / 38005 pages)
n
Children with autism usually benefit from predictability in their schedules, where they can expect the same thing to happen routinely every day.
Predictability has only one meaning, but it can be considered good or bad depending on the context. The predictability of sunrise and sunset is extremely helpful. If a mystery novel, however, suffers from predictability, there probably won't be very much "mystery" involved after all, and no one will want to read it.
WORD FAMILY
predictability: predictabilities+/ predict: predictable, predicted, predicting, prediction, predictive, predictor, predicts/ predictable: predictability, predictably, unpredictable /predicted: unpredicted/ prediction: predictions/predictive: predictively, unpredictive/predictor: predictors/ unpredictability: unpredictabilities/ unpredictable: unpredictability, unpredictably
USAGE EXAMPLES
At its best, it bathed in beauty, taste and predictability.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
This predictability was the perfect escape from a regime of keeping vigil at hospitals, the panic of awaiting test results, the ever-present taste of fear.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Another EU source said the proposal was very sensible and would create predictability for operators.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 可预测性; 可预言性
分布：可预见性(100%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of knowing what something is like, when something will happen, etc 可预见性
• Although her job is boring and monotonous, she likes the sense of predictability and security that it gives her. 尽管她的工作单调乏味，她还是喜欢这份工作的安全性和可预见性。

Word: mangrove
Front: mangrove
[ˈmæŋgrəʊv] (15533/26599)
Back: n. 红树属树木，海榄雌
分布：红树(100%)
→可能来自西班牙语mangue,最终来自加勒比某语言。拼写俗化。
US [-groʊv] noun countable
■a tropical tree, found near water, whose twisted roots grow partly above ground 红树（一种热带乔木，生于水边，盘错交织的部分根部露于地上）
• a mangrove swamp 红树沼泽地

Word: hoe
Front: hoe
[həʊ] (六托宝 15567/21051 -1)
Vocabulary: hoe
(once / 1326 pages)
nv
A hoe is a gardening tool made up of a long handle with a sharp metal blade at the end, used to stab the ground and loosen it.
Hoe can be a noun or a verb, so you can use your hoe to remove weeds from a lawn, or you can hoe your garden and make it ready to plant. The word shares the same root as hew, which is a verb that means "to strike, chop, or cut." The “oe” seems tricky, but remember that it never changes, and even if you’re hoeing with three hoes in grass you hoed yesterday, the hoe stays the same.
WORD FAMILY
hoe: hoed, hoeing, hoes, hoing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The guy working with a hoe and oxen is still struggling, and will stay struggling.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
The very same gender he claims not to buy into was swiftly weaponised, though, when he began referring to women as “hoes”.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
It depicts an Uzbek peasant with a hoe who is asking for a job from the leader.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 锄头; 草耙，除草器; 锄草
vt. & vi. 用锄除（草等）; 用锄（松土等）
vi. 用锄耕地
时态：hoed, hoeing, hoes
分布：锄头(88%)，铲除(7%)，锄地(5%)
→来自kau,砍，劈，击，词源同hew,hay.用于指锄头。
【记】源于：Hoe何欧（1812-1886）美国发明家及制造商，发明了锄头hoe不好容易hoe到自己的toe（n 脚趾；足尖）
US [hoʊ] noun countable
■a garden tool with a long handle and a short blade used to remove weeds and break up the surface of the ground 锄头

Word: well-to-do
Front: well-to-do
[wel tə dʊ] (-1)
Back: adj. 富有的，宽裕的; 小康
分布：富裕的(70%)，富人(18%)，小康的(12%)
adjective
■rich 富有的，有钱的
• well-to-do families 富裕的家庭
adj. 小康的；富裕的
 - better off, affluent

Word: one-tenth
Front: one-tenth
['wʌnt'enθ] None
Back: 分
分布：十分之一(100%)

Word: disobey
Front: disobey
[ˌdɪsəˈbeɪ] (高 15476/18583)
Vocabulary: disobey
(once / 1231 pages)
v
When you don't follow the rules — especially when they come from a teacher, parent, boss or other authority figure — you disobey.
A first-grader disobeys his teacher when he can't help running in the halls of the school, and a dog will disobey your shouted commands if you haven't trained her very well. When you obey someone's rules, you follow them strictly. The verb disobey combines the Latin obedire, "serve, pay attention to, or listen," with dis, which here means "not." The original Latin version of disobey, inobedire, used in rather than dis.
WORD FAMILY
disobey: disobeyed, disobeying, disobeys+/ obey: disobey, obeyed, obeying, obeys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its rabbi, Zalman Melamed, wrote a tract calling on soldiers serving in the Israel Defense Forces to disobey orders to evacuate “Jewish settlements in Israel.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
What’s interesting to me is how the images are being used: are the police abusing their power, or is this woman disobeying the law?
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Smith told investigators Gunn disobeyed instructions and fought with him.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 不服从，不顺从
时态：disobeyed, disobeying, disobeys
分布：违反(57%)，不服从(43%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。obey, 服从。
US [-ə-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to refuse to do something that you are told to do; to not obey 违反，违抗，不听从
• How dare you disobey me! 你竟敢不听我的话！
• disobey orders 违抗命令
v. 违反；不服从
 - be in breach of, run counter to

Word: barter
Front: barter
[ˈbɑ:tə(r)] (托雅宝 15482/18698 -1)
Vocabulary: barter
(once / 1251 pages)
vn
If you make a deal with your brother to change the oil in his car in exchange for one of his video games, what you’ve just done is barter — or trade goods and services.
Before money was invented, people traded goods and services in order to acquire the things they needed. An individual might trade, for example, a cow in exchange for help building a shed, or a dozen eggs in exchange for several yards of cloth. To this day people continue to barter for goods and services although this method of commerce is no longer widespread. The verb barter has survived into modern times to refer to making a transaction that involves the exchange of goods or services rather than money.
WORD FAMILY
barter: bartered, barterer, bartering, barters+/ barterer: barterers
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was in Barter Books that the Keep Calm and Carry On legend was born.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Huancar is a dusty village of 400 people where clothes and food are bartered for as often as purchased.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Many Indian villages are returning to bartering amid a nationwide cash crisis.
BBC(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 作物物交换，以货换货; 拿…进行易货贸易
n. 换货，实物交易; 交易品，互换品; [数]换算法; 易货贸易
vi. 进行易货贸易; [贸易]作物物交换; 讨价还价
时态：bartered, bartering, barters
分布：物物交换(64%)，以货易货(22%)，实物交易(14%)
→词源不详。
【记】读：巴特尔（中国国家篮球队队员）。他来买你的东西可得小心。身高210cm，体重130公斤的力量型中锋，他要是使假币，你敢跟他牛吗？！所以，不要钱，可以要点儿他的背心儿、裤衩儿，鞋呀，袜子呀什么的。我知道你穿不了，但是有升值潜力－以物换物。
US ['bɑ:r.tˌɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to exchange goods for other things rather than for money 以物易物；易货贸易
• He bartered his stamp collection for her comics. 他用他收集的邮票，换取她的漫画。
• We spent a whole hour bartering with stallholders for souvenirs. 我们花了整整一个小时与摊贩交换纪念品。
UK ['bɑ:.tər] US ['bɑ:r.tˌɚ] noun uncountable
■the practice or system of bartering goods 易货贸易，以物易物
• The currency has lost so much of its value that barter has become the preferred way of doing business. 货币眨值如此严重，这样以物易物成了做生意的首选。
vi. 进行易货贸易； [贸易] 作物物交换；讨价还价
 - price bargain, bargain with
n. 易货贸易； [贸易] 物物交换；实物交易
 - countertrade

Word: usurp
Front: usurp
[ju:ˈzɜ:p] (宝 15488/14267 -1)
Vocabulary: usurp
(once / 658 pages)
v
If you take over your neighbor's backyard and claim his in-ground swimming pool as your own, you might seize control of, or usurp his yard, but he'll probably call the cops on you.
Leaders who usurp power don't ask for permission to take control of their country. They seize power, often with the help of a large army of followers. A usurper doesn't have to be human. A brand-new radio station can usurp the most popular station in town by playing a better mix of music.
WORD FAMILY
usurp: usurpation, usurped, usurper, usurping, usurps+/ usurpation: usurpations/ usurper: usurpers
USAGE EXAMPLES
This format imposes a crude narrative structure on the day’s events, with peril ultimately usurped by a happy, or at least whimsical, conclusion.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Mr. Priebus’s remarks prompted concern that the new administration would try to usurp some of the association’s control.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
But that list ended with a swipe at Cooper, who Berger’s office accused of planning to usurp power.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 篡夺; 侵占，霸占; 盗用; 夺取，强夺
vi. 篡夺; 篡权; 侵占; 侵害
时态：usurped, usurping, usurps
分布：篡夺(86%)，篡位(7%)，霸占(7%)
→来自拉丁语usurpare,擅自使用，篡夺，usus,使用，词源同use,-rpare, 抓住，词源同rapture.
篡夺;侵占(us+urp[=rape枪掠]→枪过来用→篡夺)[us,ut=use,表示"用"]
【记】usu＝use，rp＝up：用武力上台－篡夺
【反】abdicate（v 让位）；assume rightfully（正当的就职）
US [-'zɝ:p/ UK [-'sɝ:p] slightly formal
verb transitive
■to take control or a position of power, especially without having the right to 篡夺，夺取（权位）
• The powers of local councils are being usurped by central government. 地方市政会的权力被中央政府攫取了。
vt. 篡夺；夺取；侵占
 - seize, snatch up

Word: uncompromising
Front: uncompromising
[ʌnˈkɒmprəmaɪzɪŋ] (15487/11481 -1)
Back: adj. 不妥协的，坚定的; 不肯通融的; 强硬的，坚决的; 不屈的，严厉的
分布：不妥协的(78%)，不让步的(12%)，强硬的(10%)
US [-'kɑ:m-] adjective
■If people or their beliefs are uncompromising, they are fixed and do not change, especially when faced with opposition （尤指遭到反对时人或其信念）不妥协的，不让步的，强硬的
• The city council has taken an uncompromising stand against the proposals for the new building. 关于建新大楼的提案，市政委员会持强硬的反对态度。
adj. 不妥协的，不让步的；坚定的
 - committed, confirmed, firm, stable, decisive

Word: life-size
Front: life-size
[ˈlaɪfˈsaɪz] None
Back: adj. （艺术作品）与真人[实物]一样大的
分布：与实物大小一样的(67%)，=life-sized.(33%)
ADJ
（绘画、雕塑等）与真人（或实物）一样大小的
A life-size representation of someone or something, for example a painting or sculpture, is the same size as the person or thing that they represent.
例：...a life-size statue of an Indian boy.与真人一样大的印度男孩雕像

Word: busily
Front: busily
['bɪzɪlɪ] (15474/11627 -1)
Back: adv. 忙碌地; 起劲地
分布：忙碌地(100%)
adverb
■in a busy, active way 忙碌地，活跃地
• I was busily preparing for their arrival. 我忙着为他们的到来做准备。
adv. 忙碌地，起劲地
 - hoppingly

Word: synchronize
Front: synchronize
[ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz] (研托雅 15464/23950 -1)
Vocabulary: synchronize
(once / 9801 pages)
v
When you synchronize things, you make them happen at the same time. If you have rhythm, you can synchronize your dance moves with the beat of the music. If not, stay off the dance floor.
Synchronize, pronounced "SINK-ruh-nize," means "to make things happen at the same time" — even down to a fraction of a second, as in synchronized swimming. In that sport, one movement that doesn't sync, or match up, costs the swimmers points. When you synchronize your wristwatches, people can't blame their watches being fast or slow if they don't come to the meeting spot at the right time.
WORD FAMILY
synchronize: desynchronize, synchronization, synchronized, synchronizer, synchronizes, synchronizing+/desynchronize: desynchronization, desynchronizes, desynchronizing/synchronic: synchronically, synchronicity / synchronicity: synchronicities/synchronisation: desynchronisation/synchronise: desynchronise, synchronisation, synchronised, synchroniser, synchronises, synchronising/synchronised: unsynchronised/synchronism: synchronisms/synchronization: synchronizations/ synchronized: unsynchronized/synchronizer: synchronizers/ synchronous: nonsynchronous, synchronously, unsynchronous/synchrony: synchronic, synchronise, synchronism, synchronize, synchronous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thousands of coordinated fireworks placed in 87 locations on the Space Needle will be synchronized with music to welcome in the new year.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And the other north-south avenues, with their synchronized lights, are better for getting up and down Manhattan anyway.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Messages and contacts’ data are stored directly on users’ devices and synchronized between them.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 使同步; 使同时
vi. 同时发生; 共同行动
时态：synchronized, synchronizing, synchronizes
分布：同时发生(47%)，使同步(40%)，使同时发生(13%)
→syn-,一起，-chron,时间，词源同 chronic,chronicle.
同时发生(syn共同＋chron+ize→时间相同→同时发生)[chron=time,表示"时间"]
(UK usually synchronise) ['sɪŋ.krə.naɪz] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to (cause to) happen at the same time （使）同步，（使）同时发生
• The show was designed so that the lights synchronized with the music. 根据设计，演出时的灯光和音乐是同步搭配的。
transitive
■When people synchronize their watches, they make sure that all their watches show the same time 使（多个钟表）显示同一时间，统一校准（多个钟表）
• We'd better synchronize our watches if we all want to be there at the same time. 如果我们大家想同时到达那里，最好先对时。
vi. 同步；同时发生
 - sync up, coincide

Word: iodine
Front: iodine
[ˈaɪədi:n] (宝 15564/22029 -1)
Back: n. <化>碘
分布：碘(92%)，碘酒(8%)
→来自希腊语ideides,紫色的，来自io-,紫色，词源同violet,-eides,像，相似，词源同alkaloid,ovoid,idea.后1814年，英国化学家Humphrey Davy借用该希腊词来表示化学元素碘。
碘(iod碘+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
noun uncountable
■an element found in small amounts in sea water and used to prevent infection 碘

Word: broiler
Front: broiler
[ˈbrɔɪlə(r)] (15546/42069)
Back: n. 争吵者，酷热的日子
分布：适于烧烤的嫩鸡(50%)，烤器(50%)
US [-lɚ] noun countable
■a young chicken suitable for roasting or grilling （适于焙烤的）嫩鸡
n. 烤焙用具；酷热的日子；烤肉
 - bulgogi, bar-b-q

Word: megawatt
Front: megawatt
[ˈmegəwɒt] (15562/27642)
Back: n. 兆瓦，百万瓦特（电能计量单位）
→mega-,百万，兆，watt,瓦。通常缩写为MW,用于发电量计算单位。
US [-wɑ:t] noun countable
■a unit for measuring electric power, which has the value of 1 000 000 watts 兆瓦，百万瓦特

Word: pike
Front: pike
[paɪk] (13094/9134 -1)
Back: n. 长矛; 梭鱼，狗鱼; 收费道路; [泳]虾式跳水
v. 用矛刺穿; <美俚>赶路，走; <美俚>（跟着大赌客）小心谨慎的赌小钱; 用长矛戳（伤，死）
分布：狗鱼(31%)，长矛(24%)，收费道路(18%)，屈体(15%)，快速离开(6%)，用长矛刺(6%)
→缩写自turnpike,来自turn,转，pike,长矛，杆，引申词义公路收费站的放行杆。pike 长矛，梭子鱼
noun countable
FISH 鱼 (plural pike)
■a large fish which lives in lakes and rivers and eats other fish 狗鱼
[paɪk] noun countable
ROAD 路 (plural pikes) US for turnpike
• the Leesburg Pike 李斯堡收费高速公路
[paɪk] noun countable
WEAPON 武器 (plural pikes)
■a long sharp stick used in the past as a weapon by soldiers on foot （旧时士兵使用的）长矛，长枪
• A soldier with a pike could bring down a charging horse. 手持长矛的士兵能刺倒一匹疾驰的马。
[paɪk] noun countable
HILL 小山 (plural pikes) Northern a hill in northern England with a pointed top 尖顶山
n. 通行费；矛； [鱼] 梭子鱼；尖头； [税收] 收费道路
 - sharp, toll

Word: inexorably
Front: inexorably
[ɪn'eksərəblɪ] (15492/13917)
Vocabulary: inexorably
(once / 5407 pages)
adv
Something that behaves inexorably is unmovable, not persuadable, or relentless: like your heart beating inexorably as the rollercoaster climbs inexorably up the hill.
Like a runner heading toward the finish line or a story spiraling to an end, the adverb inexorably is for things that have momentum and just keep going. A boulder falling down a mountain is moving inexorably. If you fail class after class, you're moving inexorably toward flunking out of school. People are always aging, and we're all moving inexorably (though slowly) toward death. This is a strong word for powerful events and forces that just won't stop.
WORD FAMILY
inexorable: inexorability, inexorableness, inexorably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, what the mainstream news media did right and what it did wrong were inexorably joined.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Even as its dimensions widen inexorably, the gyre of stardom continues to turn.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
The disease inexorably destroys the motor neurons of the spinal cord and brainstem that control movement, including swallowing and breathing.
Science Magazine(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 无情地，冷酷地
分布：无情地(44%)，冷酷地(42%)，不可阻挡地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
不可阻挡的;不容变更的
You use inexorable to describe a process which cannot be prevented from continuing or progressing.
例：...the seemingly inexorable rise in unemployment.看似不可阻挡的失业增长
例：...his steady, inexorable decline.他的身体状况一天不如一天
adv. 无情地；冷酷地
 - heartlessly, pitilessly

Word: communicative
Front: communicative
[kəˈmju:nɪkətɪv] (15428/9267)
Vocabulary: communicative
(once / 2882 pages)
adj
To be communicative is to have the ability to communicate — to exchange thoughts and ideas. Couples often go to counseling to learn to be more communicative.
It's easy to see the verb communicate in the adjective communicative: a communicative person is one who can communicate easily. Being communicative is one of the qualities we most value in other people. There's nothing more frustrating than a person who's not communicative, because you can't talk to them. I'm surprised when others are surprised at how communicative my dog is. Aren't all dogs good at talking to their owners?
WORD FAMILY
communicative: communicatively, communicativeness, incommunicative, uncommunicative +/ communicable: communicably, noncommunicable/ communicate: communicable, communicated, communicates, communicating, communication, communicative, communicator, communicatory, intercommunicate/ communication: communicational, communications /communicator: communicators/intercommunicate: intercommunicating, intercommunication/intercommunication: intercommunications/ uncommunicative: uncommunicatively, uncommunicativeness
USAGE EXAMPLES
These qualities, combined with her communicative stage personality, bode well for her future.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
They receive the benefit of doubt if they are genuinely communicative, patently honest and willing to risk exposure.
Washington Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Bell of Hagerstown remained conscious and communicative while emergency medical personnel worked with him at the newspaper’s office.
Washington Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 爱说话的，好社交的
分布：健谈的(39%)，交流的(38%)，爱说话的(23%)
爱说话的(communicate+ive→爱交流的)[muni,mun=public,表示"公共的"]
US [-tˌɪv] adjective
■willing to talk to people and give them information 健谈的；乐意提供资讯的
• He was in a bad mood at breakfast and wasn't very communicative. 吃早餐的时候他心情不好，不怎么讲话。
■relating to communication 交际的，表达的，沟通的
• The communicative ability of the whale is thought to be highly developed. 鲸被认为具有高度发达的交际能力。
adj. 交际的；爱说话的，健谈的；无隐讳交谈的
 - chinny, conversational

Word: toughen
Front: toughen
[ˈtʌfn] (15491/20083 -1)
Back: vt. 使变坚韧; 使变坚强; 使变强硬; 使变顽强
vi. 变坚韧; 变坚强; 变强硬; 变顽强
时态：toughened, toughening, toughens
分布：变坚韧(47%)，变顽固(40%)，变健壮(13%)
→来自 tough,坚硬的，坚强的，-en,使。
verb
MAKE STRONG 使坚韧
transitive
■to make something or someone tough, strong, or stronger 使坚韧；使变结实；加强
• The UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions still further. 联合国宣布要进一步加强制裁的意图。
• The government wants to toughen (up) the existing drug laws/controls. 政府想要加强现有有关毒品的法律／对毒品的控制措施。
• His time in the army certainly toughened him up. 军旅生涯确实使他变得更加坚强。
• Car windows are usually made from toughened glass. 汽车车窗通常是由强化玻璃制成。
['tʌf.ən] verb
GET DIFFICULT 变得困难
intransitive
■to become difficult to deal with 变得困难
• Amid toughening competition in the market, many firms are going out of business. 由于市场竞争愈趋激烈，许多公司只好结业。

Word: reliant
Front: reliant
[rɪˈlaɪənt] (托 15558/14225 -2)
Vocabulary: reliant
(once / 3590 pages)
adj
To be reliant is to depend on someone or something. When you're reliant on a person, you need that person.
There are a lot ways people and things can be reliant. Kids are reliant on their parents for food and shelter. We're all reliant on the police to keep us safe, but the police are reliant on the government for funding. Being reliant is about being dependent. If you can do without something, you're not reliant on it. When you feel like you don't need other people, you can say you're self-reliant.
WORD FAMILY
reliant: reliantly, self-reliant+/ reliable: reliability, reliableness, reliably, unreliable / reliance: reliances, self-reliance/ rely: reliable, reliance, reliant, relied, relies, relying/unreliability: unreliabilities/ unreliable: unreliability, unreliableness, unreliably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Long reliant on a strong running game, Seattle struggled in 2016, failing to rush for at least 100 yards 10 times.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ryan struggled to adapt to Shanahan’s system, reliant on zone running and bootlegs, and threw 16 interceptions in the worst season of his career.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But these efforts are the exception within the many industries reliant on lithium-ion batteries.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 依赖的; 依靠的; 信赖的; 信任的
分布：依赖的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
依赖的;依靠的
A person or thing that is reliant on something needs it and often cannot live or work without it.
例：These people are not wholly reliant on Western charity...这些人并非完全依赖西方慈善团体。
例：Lithuania is heavily reliant on Moscow for almost all its oil.立陶宛的石油供应几乎完全依赖莫斯科。
adj. 依赖的；可靠的；信赖的
 - responsible, honest, tried, safe, sure

Word: rocket
Front: rocket
[ˈrɒkɪt] (高研四六 4094/6074 -3)
Vocabulary: rocket
(once / 525 pages)
1nv 2n
A rocket is a space vehicle or missile, or the special engine that's meant to propel such a vehicle into the air. You can even get a model rocket that's small enough to shoot off in your back yard.
A rocket or rocket engine uses thrust to propel something toward the sky, whether it's a spacecraft that will orbit the Earth or a bottle rocket that will explode overheard. You can use the word as a verb, too, to mean "move rapidly": "Without a parachute, the skydiver would rocket to the ground." It also means "increase rapidly": "After the election, the price of gas began to rocket upwards."
WORD FAMILY
rocket: rocketed, rocketing, rocketry, rockets
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it is not as if the Rockets are superior to the Thunder simply because Harden is subtly winning the superstar matchup.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Washington did a fine job limiting Harden but couldn’t keep the “other guys” down in the Rockets’ 101-91 win at Toyota Center.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
No one was on board the rocket, and there were no injuries.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 火箭; 火箭发射器; 火箭发动机; 芝麻菜
vi. 飞快地移动; 急速上升
vt. 用火箭运送; 用火箭攻击
时态：rocketed, rocketing, rockets
分布：火箭(96%)，猛涨(1%)，飞快地移动(1%)，芝麻菜(1%)，紫花南芥(1%)
→来自意大利语 rocchetto,纺纱轴，纺锤，烟花，火箭，来自 Proto-Germanic*rukkon,摇晃，纺 纱，来自 rug,纺纱，词源同 rock.-etto,小词后缀。比喻用法，因烟花，火箭形似纺锤体 而得名。
n.火箭At the dock I'm shocked to see the pocket rocket made of a block of rock.在码头看到一块岩石做的小巧火箭,我感到震惊.
US ['rɑ:.kɪt] noun
DEVICE 装置
 ADVANCED countable
■a large cylindrical object which moves very fast by forcing out burning gases, and which is used for space travel or as a weapon 火箭；火箭引擎；火箭弹
• They launched a rocket to the planet Venus. 他们向金星发射了一枚火箭。
• The rebels were firing anti-tank rockets. 叛军在发射反坦克火箭弹。
countable (also skyrocket)
■a type of firework that flies up into the air before exploding 焰火；烟花；火箭式空中大烟火
UK ['rɒk.ɪt] US ['rɑ:.kɪt] noun
PLANT 植物
uncountable UK (US arugula)
■a plant whose long green leaves are used in salads 芝麻菜；紫花南芥
UK ['rɒk.ɪt] US ['rɑ:.kɪt] noun
give sb a rocket UK informal
■If someone gives you a rocket, they criticize you severely 严厉斥责（某人），痛骂（某人）
• Her Mum gave her a rocket for tearing her new jeans. 她把新买的牛仔裤被弄破了，挨了她妈一顿臭骂。
UK ['rɒk.ɪt] US ['rɑ:.kɪt] verb intransitive often + adverb or preposition (also skyrocket) informal
■to rise extremely quickly or make extremely quick progress towards success 迅速上升；迅速成功，一举成功
• House prices in the north are rocketing (up). 北部的房价正在飞涨。
• Their team rocketed to the top of the League. 他们的球队一举成为联赛的顶尖强队。
• Sharon Stone rocketed to fame in the film 'Basic Instinct'. 莎朗．史东凭借《本能》一片一举成名。
vi. 飞驰，飞快地移动；迅速增加
 - hell, spur on
n. [航] 火箭
 - roquette

Word: conciliatory
Front: conciliatory
[kənˈsɪliətəri] (托宝 15499/14502 -1)
Vocabulary: conciliatory
(once / 2336 pages)
adj
If you're in a fight with a friend and you want to end it, you should make a conciliatory gesture, such as inviting her to a party you're having. Conciliatory describes things that make other people less angry.
The context is often a situation in which a dispute is settled by compromise. A synonym is propitiatory, though this adjective usually refers to avoiding the anger of someone who has the power to harm. In the word conciliatory, the –ory suffix means "relating to or doing," and the root is from Latin conciliatus, from conciliare "to bring together, win over," from concilium "council."
WORD FAMILY
conciliatory: conciliatorily+/ conciliate: conciliable, conciliated, conciliates, conciliating, conciliation, conciliative, conciliator, conciliatory / conciliation: conciliations/conciliative: conciliatively/conciliator: conciliators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Syrian government and some conciliatory opposition groups will be there, but it’s unclear whether Syria’s main, armed opposition will be invited.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The Pentagon issued a relatively mild public rebuke, reflecting conciliatory Obama administration policies toward China.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But it will also require someone with a more conciliatory approach to politics than Mr Renzi, a micromanager who cheerfully admits to arrogance.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 安抚的; 说服的; 调和的; 调解的
分布：调和的(54%)，安抚的(46%)
安抚的(conciliate+ory)[cil=call,表示"召集"]
【反】polemical（adj 争论的）；contentious（adj 好争吵的）；discontent（adj 不满的）；belligerent（adj 好战的）
ADJ-GRADED
愿意和解的; 调停的;安抚的
When you are conciliatory in your actions or behaviour, you show that you are willing to end a disagreement with someone.
例：The next time he spoke he used a more conciliatory tone...他再次开口时使用了更具安抚性的语气。
例：The President's speech was hailed as a conciliatory gesture toward business.总统的讲话被视为对商界的安抚性姿态，受到了欢迎。
adj. 安抚的；调和的；调停的
 - propitiatory, harmonistic

Word: breezy
Front: breezy
[ˈbri:zi] (15479/21421 -1)
Back: adj. 有微风的，微风吹过的; 通风好的; 活泼的，轻松愉快的
级别：breezier, breeziest
分布：有微风的(84%)，轻松活泼的(16%)
adjective
WINDY 刮风的
■with wind that is quite strong but pleasant 清风习习
• It was a breezy day, just right for sailing. 微风习习，正好适合扬帆航行。
['bri:.zi] adjective
HAPPY 乐天的
■happy, confident and enthusiastic 乐天的，自信的，热情的
• He had the breezy manner of a salesman. 他具有推销员特有的乐天态度
adj. 有微风的；轻松愉快的；通风好的；活泼的
 - alive, lively, activated

Word: placard
Front: placard
[ˈplækɑ:d] (雅 15468/15073 -1)
Vocabulary: placard
(once / 2056 pages)
nv
A placard is a sign, especially one that advertises something. You might get a summer job standing on the sidewalk, holding a placard that announces a mattress sale — though it may not be your dream job.
A concert poster, a storefront notice, a protest sign carried in a rally — each of these is a type of placard. A placard can be as impermanent as a square of cardboard with a scrawled message, and as official as a permanent plaque marking a historic building. The Old French word plaquier is at the root of placard, and it means "to plaster or to lay flat."
WORD FAMILY
placard: placarded, placarding, placards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Protesters on Sunday held placards in support of the four lawmakers.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She carries a Homegrown By Heroes placard with her to those markets.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
In another, she holds a placard printed with Sojourner Truth’s famous refrain, “Ar’n’t I a Woman,” on a narrow stretch of Canal Street.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 招贴，布告; 标语牌; 海报
vt. 张贴布告于，在…上贴广告; 公布; 悬挂（标语等）
时态：placarded, placarding, placards
分布：标语牌(42%)，海报(28%)，招贴(20%)，公布某事(5%)，张贴布告(5%)
→来自中古英语placard,官方文件，公文，来自中古法语plaquart,贴在墙上，涂刷，来自古法语plaquier,粘，连，贴，来自Proto-Germanic*plagga,一块布，布条，词源同plaque.引申词义标语牌，招贴，海报等。
US [-ɑ:rd] noun countable
■a large piece of card, paper, etc. with a message written or printed on it, often carried in public places by people who are complaining about something 布告；标语牌
• Demonstrators marched past holding/waving placards that said, 'Send food, not missiles'. 示威者举着／挥动着标语牌游行，上面写著「要食物，不要飞弹”。
n. 海报，标语牌；招贴
 - poster, handbill
vt. 张贴，悬挂；公布；张贴公告于
 - post, hang, paste, publish

Word: stainless-steel
Front: stainless-steel
[ˌsteɪnləs 'sti:l] None
Back: 不锈钢
分布：不锈钢(100%)

Word: array
Front: array
[əˈreɪ] (研六托雅宝 3554/4766 -2)
Vocabulary: array
(once / 348 pages)
nv
An array is a display of something — usually something varied. So, you might encounter an array of bathing suits on the beach or an array of cereal brands in the cereal aisle of the grocery store. Which would you prefer?
Although the word array comes from the Old French areyer, "to put in order," an array often just comes together. It can be an intentional design of people or features — everything from software packages to fashion shows can have an "impressive array" of components. Or, an array can fall together in nature or by chance: "the clouds became an array of beautiful shapes after the storm."
WORD FAMILY
array: arrayed, arraying, arrays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Cohen is well aware of the contemporary arguments arrayed against America’s interest, or competence, in waging war, which he addresses in Chapter 1.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At different growth stages, the plants require light in different intensities, and algorithms controlling the L.E.D. arrays adjust for that.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
An array of state, federal and international laws regulates the wildlife trade.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 队列，阵列; 数组; 一大批; 衣服
vt. 排列; 部署兵力; 打扮，装饰
时态：arrayed, arraying, arrays
分布：数组(76%)，排列(8%)，一系列(6%)，打扮(5%)，盛装(2%)，部署(2%)，大批(1%)
→前缀ar-同ad-. -ray, 词源同ready. 字母d,y音变。
n.大量;排列;盛装v.列阵;装扮;排列The stray betrayer arrayed the sprayers on the road.偶然的背信者在道路上排列喷雾器.
【记】ray（n 光线）：象整齐的一排。
noun countable usually singular
■a large group of things or people, especially one which is attractive or causes admiration and often one which has been positioned in a particular way （尤指非常有吸引力、令人赞赏并常以特定的方式排列的）一系列，一批，大量，大群
• There was a splendid array of food on the table. 满桌子都是美味佳肴。
• They sat before an array of microphones and cameras. 他们坐在那里，面对着无数的麦克风和摄影机镜头。
[ə'reɪ] verb transitive usually passive
■to arrange a group of things in a particular way 布置；排列
• A large number of magazines were arrayed on the stand. 报摊上摆放着很多杂志。
• Arrayed (= Standing in a group) before him were 40 schoolchildren in purple and green. 40名身穿紫绿两色校服的小学生列队站在他面前。
■to arrange a group of soldiers in a position for fighting 配置（兵力）
n. 数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服
 - series of, clothes, thread, garment, ranging
vt. 排列，部署；打扮
 - dress oneself, rank, form

Word: particulate

Word: artful
Front: artful
[ˈɑ:tfl] (15505/23445 -1)
Vocabulary: artful
(once / 1008 pages)
adj
To be artful is to do something skillfully, especially in a cunning way. A con man must be artful.
To be an artist requires skill and talent: it's not easy to make art. Similarly, doing something in an artful way takes skill. A chess player is artful in escaping an opponent's attack. A politician is artful in appealing to different groups of people. This word also indicates that the skill shown is a little cunning or sneaky. In movies, villains are often artful, as they tell lies or hatch schemes. Often, artful is the opposite of straightforward.
WORD FAMILY
artful: artfulest, artfully, artfulness+/artfulness: artfulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cinematography of “Louie” was more artful, often drawing from the French New Wave.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Among these is the wondrous presence of curious, artful, inventive humanity.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
Not one for artful segues, Reid began speaking about Nevada transportation by saying the words Nevada transportation:
Slate(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 巧妙的; 狡猾的; 有技巧的; 人工的
分布：巧妙的(59%)，狡猾的(33%)，有技巧的(8%)
巧妙的;狡猾的(art+ful→充满诡计的)[art=skill,joint,trick,表示"技巧,关节,诡计"]
【记】不要翻成艺术的。这叫狡猾的。其实他们之间是有关系的。因为艺术家总留着大胡子，意欲掩盖真实身份，掩盖狡猾的、奸诈的一面。学艺术的千万别来找我算账，咱的目的是为了背单词！
【参】artfulness（adj 狡猾，欺诈）＝slyness
US ['ɑ:rt-] adjective
■clever and skilful, especially in getting what you want （尤指在获得自己想要的东西方面）巧妙的，机灵的，取巧的
• He has shown himself to be an artful politician. 可以看出他是个八面玲珑的政客。
• The prime minister dealt with the interviewer's questions in a very artful way. 首相很巧妙地回答了采访者的问题。
adj. 巧妙的；狡猾的；有技巧的；欺诈的
 - happy, designing, knowing, accomplished, smart

Word: fruitless
Front: fruitless
[ˈfru:tləs] (托 15518/13696 -1)
Vocabulary: fruitless
(once / 894 pages)
adj
Fruitless things are futile or pointless. If your search for your missing car keys is fruitless, you don't find them no matter how hard you look.
You can call a fruitless search a wild goose chase — despite your efforts, you're unsuccessful. If you spend a fruitless afternoon applying for jobs, you end up without a single offer, and if your attempt to get your dog and cat to be pals is fruitless, they end up hating each other just as much as they ever did. The adjective fruitless comes from the sense of "unproductive" or "without profit," like a fruit tree that doesn't grow any fruit.
WORD FAMILY
fruitless: fruitlessly, fruitlessness+/ fruit: fruitage, fruited, fruiterer, fruitful, fruiting, fruitless, fruitlet, fruits, fruity/fruitage: fruitages/fruiterer: fruiterers/ fruitful: fruitfuler, fruitfulest, fruitfully, fruitfulness, unfruitful/fruitlet: fruitlets/fruity: fruitier, fruitiest, fruitily/unfruitful: unfruitfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Early in Fernyhough’s career, his mentors told him that studying inner speech would be fruitless.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
She was hopeful, but well aware that our search might prove fruitless.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Russia no longer seriously negotiates with Secretary of State John F. Kerry, calling those discussions “fruitless get-togethers” and preferring to deal with Turkey instead.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 没有成果的，无益的; 不结果实的; 不成功的; 白搭
分布：无结果的(80%)，不成功的(20%)
adjective
■If an action or attempt to do something is fruitless, it is unsuccessful or produces nothing of value 无成果的；无效的
• All diplomatic attempts at a peaceful solution to the crisis have been fruitless. 所有试图和平解决这场危机的外交努力都毫无成效。
Opposite fruitful
adj. 不成功的，徒劳的；不结果实的
 - failed, empty, unsuccessful, vain

Word: gourd
Front: gourd
[gʊəd] (15584/35238)
Back: n. 葫芦
分布：葫芦(100%)
→来自拉丁语cucurbita, 葫芦，词源可能同cucumber.
US [gɔ:rd] noun countable
■a large fruit which has a hard shell and cannot be eaten, or the shell of this fruit used as a container 葫芦科植物，葫芦；葫芦制的容器，瓢
n. 葫芦，葫芦属植物；脑瓜
 - cucurbit, calabash

Word: golfing
Front: golfing
[ˈgɒlfɪŋ] (15485/12505)
Back: n. 打高尔夫球
vi. 打高尔夫球(golf的ing形式)
分布：高尔夫球(80%)，打高尔夫球(20%)
ADJ
高尔夫球运动的；打高尔夫球用的
Golfing is used to describe things that involve the playing of golf or that are used while playing golf.
例：He was wearing a cream silk shirt and a tartan golfing cap.他身着一件米色丝绸衬衫，头戴一顶花格子高尔夫球帽。
例：...a golfing holiday in Spain.在西班牙打高尔夫球度假
N-UNCOUNT
打高尔夫球
Golfing is the activity of playing golf.
例：You can play tennis or go golfing.你可以打网球或高尔夫球。

Word: reborn
Front: reborn
[ˌri:ˈbɔ:n] (15513/20474 -1)
Vocabulary: reborn
(once / 8289 pages)
adj
Since "re" means "again," to be reborn means to be "born again." Since no one really has the chance to experience their birth a second time around, to be reborn means to undergo a meaningful spiritual change.
In certain Fundamentalist and Evangelical Christian churches, congregants choose a time to be baptized, or ritually admitted to the church, and it's at that moment they consider themselves to be reborn. This idea is rooted in a section of the Bible's New Testament, commonly translated so that Jesus says, "no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again."
WORD FAMILY
born: borner, bornly, reborn, unborn
USAGE EXAMPLES
A classic was reborn on Tuesday night’s “The Voice.”
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Downtown Dollar Days was reborn in the 1980s as a fundraising event to benefit the area’s homeless.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 23, 2016)
A museum that had closed is now reborn in a new location and had a well-attended grand opening last month.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 再生的，复活的; 更新的，复兴的
分布：再生的(50%)，新生的(50%)
V-PASSIVE
重生;复兴;新生
If you say that someone or something has been reborn, you mean that they have become active again after a period of being inactive.
例：Shilling has been reborn as an artist...希林以艺术家的身份再次出现。
例：Russia was being reborn as a great power.俄罗斯经过重生成为强国。
adj. 再生的；更新的
 - new, updated, reproductive, regenerative

Word: overgrown
Front: overgrown
[ˌəʊvəˈgrəʊn] (15477/15532 -1)
Back: adj. 长得很快的; 杂草丛生的
v. 长满，长得超过，长得过大( overgrow的过去分词)
分布：成长过快的(50%)，动词overgrow的过去分词形式.(50%)
→over-,超过，过度，grown,生长的。引申词义杂草疯长的。
US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
COVERED 覆盖的
■covered with plants that are growing thickly and in an uncontrolled way 草木丛生的；枝繁叶茂的；（植物）蔓生的
• The field is overgrown with weeds. 这片地里杂草丛生。
UK [ˌəʊ.və'grəʊn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
TOO LARGE 太大 disapproving
■describes something that has grown too large 长得太大的
UK [ˌəʊ.və'grəʊn] US [ˌoʊ.vɚ'groʊn] adjective
overgrown schoolboy/schoolgirl disapproving
■an adult who behaves like a child 举止像小孩的大人
• Jim is just an overgrown schoolboy. 吉姆不过是个大孩子。
adj. 蔓生的；生长过快的
 - sprawling

Word: hoot
Front: hoot
[hu:t] (15192/19268 -1)
Vocabulary: hoot
(once / 1457 pages)
1nv 2n
A hoot is the musical call an owl makes. The hoot of an owl sounds very much like the word hoot.
An owl's hoot is the inspiration for a similar sound that people make to show disapproval or scorn: "The sound of the crowd's hoots filled the stadium when the soccer player kicked the ball into his own team's goal." To make this sound, whether you're a person or an owl, is to hoot, and if you don't give a hoot, it means you really don't care at all.
WORD FAMILY
hoot: hooted, hooter, hooting, hoots+/hooter: hooters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Strick enters the Scottish, they stay in a castle, and there's a cook and all this stuff, and they're hooting and hollering.
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
So it’s puzzling that our closest primate cousins are limited to hoots, coos, and grunts.
Science Magazine(Dec 09, 2016)
FRI Listen and hoot for owls, learn about nature at night, see the moon and stars if the clouds break, 7 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 猫头鹰叫声; 汽笛响声; 汽车喇叭声; 嘲骂声
vt. & vi. 轰赶; 呵斥; 作猫头鹰叫声; 汽笛等嘟嘟
时态：hooted, hooting, hoots
分布：猫头鹰叫声(39%)，大声叫嚣(21%)，哄赶(10%)，好笑的人或事(10%)，一点点(10%)，鸣笛声(10%)
→拟声词，模仿猫头鹰叫声，后也用于指喇叭叫。比较honk.
noun countable
■a short loud high sound 短促响亮的声音
• She gave three short hoots on the car horn. 她短促地按了三声汽车喇叭。
• He gave a hoot of laughter/derision. 他一阵大笑／大声嘲笑。
■the sound an owl makes 猫头鹰的叫声
[hu:t] noun countable
be a hoot informal
■to be very funny 非常有趣
• He's an absolute hoot. 他是个极其有趣的人。
[hu:t] noun countable
not care/give two hoots (also not care/give a hoot) informal
■to not care about something or someone 毫不在乎
• I don't give two hoots what she thinks. 我不在乎她怎么想。
[hu:t] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to make a short loud high sound 发出短促响亮的声音
• She hooted her horn at the dog in the road. 她向路中间的那只狗大声按喇叭。
• He hooted with laughter. 他哈哈大笑。
intransitive
■to make the sound that an owl makes 发出猫头鹰般的叫声
n. 鸣响；嘲骂声；汽笛响声
 - tingle
vi. 鸣响；大声叫嚣
 - chime

Word: re-emerge
Front: re-emerge
[reɪ iˈmə:dʒ] None
Back: vi. 重新浮现
时态：re-emerged, re-emerging, re-emerges
分布：重新浮现(100%)

Word: headway
Front: headway
[ˈhedweɪ] (宝 15526/11731)
Vocabulary: headway
(once / 2475 pages)
1n 2n
Headway is what you achieve when you move forward or make progress. When you're rowing a boat on a very windy day, it can be hard to make any headway.
You can literally make headway, as when you move forward, fighting your way through an enormous crowd at a shopping mall or rock concert — and you can also make a more metaphorical kind of headway: "I have been trying to write this novel for three years, but I'm just not making any headway." The word meant "the main road" in the 14th and 15th centuries, and came to mean "motion forward" in the 1740s.
WORD FAMILY
headway: headways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Headway East London started in 1998 with one therapist and a single client.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
The work isn’t finished, but clearly much headway has been made.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Despite a setback at Coastal Carolina University, the CHE appears to be making headway.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 前进; 进展; 航行速度; 间隔时间
分布：进展(88%)，前进(9%)，航行速度(3%)
→head,头，way,路。比喻用法。
noun
make headway
■to make progress or get closer to achieving something 前进，取得进展
• I'm trying to learn to drive, but I'm not making much headway (with it). 我想学开车，可是进步缓慢。
• Little headway has been made so far in the negotiations. 谈判至今未有所进展。
n. 前进；进步；航行速度；间隔时间
 - advancement, progress, ongoing

Word: daily
Front: daily
[ˈdeɪli] (中高研四雅 1483/1702 -K4)
Vocabulary: daily
(once / 72 pages)
adjadvn
Something that's described as daily happens every day. We hope your daily habits include brushing your teeth and learning new vocabulary words on Vocabulary.com.
Daily TV programs play at the same time each day, and your daily chores might include feeding the cat and loading the dishwasher. The word is also an adverb with the same basic meaning: "You'll have to visit the shelter daily to see if they get any kittens." Something is also daily if it's so normal that it's become routine, and a newspaper that's printed and read every day is called a daily as well.
WORD FAMILY
daily: dailies+/ day: daily, days, midday /days: dayses/ midday: middays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, that is the question from a daily national pollster.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But the Nettuno picture fell foul of the social media giant’s privacy policies, the Daily Telegraph reported.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
He and his colleagues counted daily growth markers in the teeth, calculating that tooth growth accounted for about 40 percent of incubation time.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 每日的，日常的; 一日的; 每日一次的; 每个工作日的
n. 日报; （不寄宿的）仆人，白天做家务的女佣
adv. 每日; 逐日; 每周日; 日复一日地
分布：每日(51%)，日报(23%)，日常的(10%)，天天(9%)，每日的(7%)
→来自day的形容词。
a.每日的ad.每日,天天n.日报Details about the tailor's tail are available from the prevailing dailies.有关我缝在尾巴的细节可从流行的日报上得到.
adverb adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■happening on or relating to every day 每天（的），天天（的）
• Take the tablets twice daily. 药片日服两次。
• Exercise has become part of my daily routine. 锻炼已经成为我日常生活的一部分。
• We back up our computer files at work on a daily basis. 我们每天工作时都要把电脑文件进行备份。
• She's looking forward to retiring and ending the daily grind (= hard, boring work or duty) of working in an office. 她正盼着早日退休，不用再天天在办公室里受煎熬。
['deɪ.li] noun countable UK old-fashioned informal
■a person who is employed to clean someone else's home （受雇为别人打扫家居的）清洁工，佣人
everyday, daily
这组词都有“每天的，日常的”的意思，其区别是：
everyday: 一般日常用词，指日常发生的、无须特别关心的。
daily: 普通用词，特指每天发生一次的，也可指按日计的。
adj. 日常的；每日的
 - everyday, household, routine
n. 日报；朝来夜去的女佣
 - journal
adv. 日常地；每日；天天
 - habitually, diurnally

Word: consign
Front: consign
[kənˈsaɪn] (托雅宝 15519/11159 -1)
Vocabulary: consign
(once / 1010 pages)
1v 2v
The verb consign means to transfer permanently to another. You can consign ownership of your old car to your son, an act that will probably make you the "best parent ever" in his eyes.
Consign means to commit or relegate. Those platform shoes you still have from high school in the 1970s? You should probably consign them to the trash — of course, they probably should have been consigned in the 1970s! Consign can also be used if you turn over an object for sale where the business making the sale gets a percentage of the profits and so do you. If you don't like the art work you inherited, you might consign it with an auction house and use the profits to buy something you like better.
WORD FAMILY
consign: consigned, consignee, consigner, consigning, consignment, consignor, consigns+/consignee: consignees/consigner: consigners/ consignment: consignments/consignor: consignors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consigning it to the past, to history, is difficult.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
“They were always upfront with me about their assessment of the painting and the sale,” said Richard Rush, whose family consigned the work.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Consigned to the gallery of eternal goats, he would soon be hanged in effigy, his No. 13 dangling from Brooklyn lampposts.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 委托，托付; 托运; 寄售; 用作，当作
时态：consigned, consigning, consigns
分布：委托(62%)，交付(30%)，放逐(8%)
→con-, 强调。-sign, 记号，标记。
委托;寄存(con共同+sign→共同做记号→把...委托[别人])[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
【记】con共同，sign签名－托运，托管需要双方签名
[kən'saɪn] formal
verb transitive
■to send something to someone 运送；投递；托运；交付
• The goods have been consigned to you by air. 货物已经空运给你了。
[kən'saɪn] formal
verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] consign sb/sth to sth
■to get rid of someone or something or to put them in an unpleasant place or situation 把…打发掉；把…置于，使…处于（不利境地）
• to be consigned to prison 被投入监狱
• After the financial disaster, she was consigned to a life of poverty. 金融危机之后，她的生活陷于贫困。
vt. 交付； [交] 托运；寄存；把…委托给
 - park, deliver over

Word: stubby
Front: stubby
[ˈstʌbi] (15576/21672)
Vocabulary: stubby
(once / 5291 pages)
adj
Stubby things are thick and short, like your sister's stubby little toes or the stubby remains of your favorite pencil that's been sharpened until it's barely long enough to hold.
For some reason, this adjective is most commonly used to describe people's fingers and toes: "I always wanted to be a concert pianist like my brother, but my fingers were just too stubby." But you can use it for anything short and blunt, like the stubby baby carrots your mom packs in your lunch or the stubby, useless arms of an upright dinosaur like Tyrannosaurus rex.
WORD FAMILY
stubby: stubbiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Until a sleek MIG-31 fighter jet suddenly appears in a field, its muscular, stubby wings spreading to reveal their trademark red star insignia.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Nintendo nails just about everything about the yesteryear gadget, until you realize that the hilariously stubby proprietary controller cords were created for a dollhouse.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 17, 2016)
As Trump’s stubby fingers hover over the nuclear button, this climate change denier will fry the planet.
The Guardian(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 短而粗的
级别：stubbier, stubbiest
分布：短而粗硬的(51%)，小瓶啤酒(33%)，粗而短的(16%)
→来自 stub,树桩，树墩，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义短而粗的，矮壮的。
adjective
■short and thick 短粗的；矮壮的
• He had rather unattractive stubby fingers. 他的手指粗粗短短的，相当难看。
['stʌb.i] noun countable Australian
■a small beer bottle, which contains 375 ml 小啤酒瓶（一种小啤酒瓶，能装375mL啤酒）

Word: proffer
Front: proffer
[ˈprɒfə(r)] (宝 15510/14641 -1)
Vocabulary: proffer
(once / 1071 pages)
vn
If you present something for acceptance or rejection, you proffer it. Say your mom is under so much stress she forgets her own birthday. You may want to proffer her some advice, like, "Quit that job."
What's the difference between proffer and offer? If you say you "proffered" something to a friend, it suggests a spirit of generosity and it signals that your friend was welcome to accept or reject it as he saw fit. In other words, proffer is usually a little more polite than offer. To remember this, think of the following equation: p[oliteness] + offer = proffer.
WORD FAMILY
proffer: proffered, proffering, proffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other readers proffered contrary counsel for the Trump era.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
After that, no other fruit proffered by his Lebanese grandfather would do.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The door at the north end of the car opened, and a blind man with a cane and a proffered container entered.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 提供，贡献，提出; 提出参见
n. 提供; 贡献; 提供的行为; 提议
时态：proffered, proffering, proffers
分布：提供(46%)，提出(31%)，提议(16%)，提供物(7%)
→pro-,向前，offer,提供。
提供;贡献(pro向前+ffer[=fer]+带向前→贡献出)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【记】pro向前，offer（v 提供）
【反】retain（v 保持；保留）；withhold（vt 使停止；拒给）
US ['prɑ:.fɚ] formal
verb transitive
■to offer something by holding it out, or to offer advice or an opinion 提供，提出
• He shook the warmly proffered hand. 他握了握对方热情伸出的手。
• I didn't think it wise to proffer an opinion. 我认为提出意见是不明智的。
n. 提供；提出；提议
 - proposal, offer
vt. 提供；提出；奉献
 - afford, introduce, present, prefer, tender

Word: twitch
Front: twitch
[twɪtʃ] (9281/9136 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）抽动，（使）颤动; 猛拉; （使）发生剧痛
n. 痉挛，抽筋; 猛拉，猛抽; 马勒
时态：twitched, twitching, twitches
分布：抽搐(42%)，抽动(27%)，痉挛(15%)，阵痛(7%)，急拉(6%)，扯(3%)
→来自古英语 twiccian,拉，掐，拔出，词源同 tweak.拼写比较 bake,batch.引申词义急拉，抽搐， 痉挛等。
verb
MOVE SLIGHTLY 颤动
intransitive or transitive
■(to cause) to make a sudden small movement with a part of the body, usually without intending to （使）抽搐；（使）抽动；（使）颤动
• He tried to suppress a smile but felt the corner of his mouth twitch. 他试图忍住笑，但感到嘴角在抽动。
• She twitched her nose like a rabbit. 她像兔子一样抽动了一下鼻子。
[twɪtʃ] verb
PULL 拉
transitive
■to give something a sudden light pull 急拉；轻拉；拉扯
• You'll feel something twitch the line when you get a fish. 鱼上钩时，你会感到有东西在轻轻拉钓鱼线。
[twɪtʃ] noun countable
UNCONTROLLED MOVEMENT 抽搐
■a sudden small, usually unintentional, movement of a part of the body 抽搐；抽动；颤动
• I've got a twitch at the corner of my eye. 我的眼角在跳——你看到了吗？
[twɪtʃ] noun countable
PULL 拉
■a sudden light pull or movement 急拉；轻拉；拉扯
n. 抽搐；抽动；痉挛；阵痛
 - fit, tic
vi. 抽搐；抽动；阵痛
 - labor pain
vt. 使抽动；攫取；猛拉
 - grab, pounce at

Word: impotent
Front: impotent
[ˈɪmpətənt] (15525/13692 -1)
Vocabulary: impotent
(once / 887 pages)
adj
Impotent means lacking power or authority. Captain Bligh was impotent in the face of Christian's mutiny. It also refers to a man's inability to achieve or maintain an erection. If a man is sterile, or unable to reproduce, he is also called impotent.
Those wacky ancients really knew how to mess with you — simply add the prefix im to the front of potent, which means "powerful," and you get its opposite — "powerless." While Viagra can help when the problems are physiological, an impotent leader has lost his ability to govern. No little blue pill will dig him out of that hole. It can also allude to a certain meaninglessness, such as the music critic who wrote that the easy listening genre of pop was so dull as to be "the soundtrack to impotence."
WORD FAMILY
impotent: impotence, impotency, impotenter, impotently+/ impotence: impotences/impotency: impotencies/ potency: potencies, potential, prepotency/ potent: impotent, potency, potenter, potentest, potently/ potential: potentiality, potentially, potentials/potentiality: potentialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
That protest on Fifth Avenue was totally unfocused, an incoherent mess of impotent rage.
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
Another claimed that Hemingway wrote because he was impotent.
Washington Post(Oct 20, 2016)
I laughed once, and it was when the psychiatrist asked Patrick Ewing if he was impotent.
The Guardian(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无力的; 虚弱的; 无效的; [医]阳痿的
分布：无力的(85%)，性无能的(15%)
→im-,不，非，potent,强有力的，有效的，词源同power,possible.引申词义性无能的。
无力的(im无+potent)[poten=powerful,表示"有力的"]
【记】potent（adj 有力的；有效的；雄性有性交能力的）
【反】clout（n 力量；权利）
US [-tˌənt] adjective
LACKING POWER 无力量的
■not having the power or ability to change or improve a situation 无力量的；无能力的
• You feel so impotent when your child is ill and you cannot help them. 当孩子生病却甚么忙也帮不上时，你会觉得自己是如此无能为力。
UK ['ɪm.pə.tənt] US [-tˌənt] adjective
SEXUAL PROBLEM 性问题
■If a man is impotent, he cannot have sex because his penis cannot become hard or stay hard. （男子）阳痿的
adj. 无力的；无效的；虚弱的； [泌尿] 阳萎的
 - weak, useless

Word: inhuman
Front: inhuman
[ɪnˈhju:mən] (15508/14182 -1)
Vocabulary: inhuman
(once / 1171 pages)
adj
If someone behaves in a way that shows no compassion, you could describe that person and his or her actions as inhuman. A teacher who assigns six hours of homework every night might be seen as inhuman.
When people talk about inhuman things, they're usually not talking about dogs or Martians — beings that are literally not human. Rather, this word involves humans who show no regard for their fellow humans. Murdering another person is an inhuman act; slavery is an inhuman institution. Inhuman acts can also be described as inhumane, meaning “heartless and cruel.”
WORD FAMILY
inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanist: humanists/ humanistic: humanistically/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This needs to be repeated since one of the human ways of talking oneself into inhuman acts is to cite the supposed cruelty of nature.”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment is never a morally permissible option, even if lives depend on gaining information,” the manual said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
She denounced the attack as an act of “inhuman savagery.”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 非人的，不近人情的; 残忍的，野蛮的; 无人性的; 不人道
分布：无人性的(41%)，残忍的(31%)，非人类的(28%)
→in-,不，非，human,人。
不人道的(in+human人道的)[im-,in-①表示"不,无,非"②表示"向内,进入"]
adjective
■extremely cruel, or not human in an unusual or frightening way 残暴的；无人性的；非人的
• Prisoners of war were subjected to inhuman and degrading treatment. 战俘受到了不人道的待遇和侮辱。
• Most people feel that there is something almost inhuman about perfection. 大多数人认为完美几乎可以说是凡人难以臻至的。
brutal, ruthless, savage, fierce, inhuman, barbarous, cruel
这组词都有“残忍的”的意思，其区别是：
brutal: 指极端的残忍，强调无情或缺乏同情心，含不择手段的意味。
ruthless: 与cruel同义。强调为达到目的，对别人的痛苦毫无怜悯之心。
savage: 指缺乏文明人应有的教养，尤指在动怒或冲动时表现出的粗野蛮横，含野蛮意味。
fierce: 指天性凶恶，令人害怕。
inhuman: 着重缺乏同情心、仁爱等人类特有的良好的品质。
barbarous: 专指只有原始或未开化的人才会有的残忍行为。
cruel: 一般用词，指行动或态度的残忍。
adj. 残忍的；野蛮的；无人性的
 - wild, cruel, brutal

Word: pre-dawn

Word: anoint
Front: anoint
[əˈnɔɪnt] (15528/20059)
Vocabulary: anoint
(once / 1149 pages)
v
To anoint means to choose by divine intervention. Or at least it seems like the big guy upstairs had something to do with it.
Saints and religious leaders are said to be anointed, but so is that new unstoppable quarterback who saved the team midseason. Anoint comes to us from the ancient Latin word unguere, which means "to smear." Which explains the other sense of this word, which is to apply with oil or another smearable substance, such as during a religious ceremony.
WORD FAMILY
anoint: anointed, anointer, anointing, anointment, anoints+/anointer: anointers/anointing: anointings/ anointment: anointments
USAGE EXAMPLES
So it’s no stretch to anoint Howard as the team’s most valuable player.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The namesake cocktail of the bar Foreign National was anointed among the 28 best in America by Elle Décor magazine.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Some believe that the myrrh the three wise men carried was the oil used by Jewish high priests to anoint the kings of Israel.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 用油软膏涂抹; （宗教仪式上）抹油使神圣化; （如奉圣意般地）选定; 指定
时态：anointed, anointing, anoints
分布：用油擦(100%)
→来自拉丁词inunguere. -oint, 油，来自词根ung过去分词unct, 见unctuous, 油的，字母c脱落。
verb transitive
CEREMONY 仪式
■to make someone holy in a religious ceremony by putting holy water or oil on them （在宗教仪式上）涂圣水（或圣油）于
■to make someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony （尤指作为授予王位的宗教仪式的一部分）涂圣水（或圣油）于
• [+ obj + noun] In 751 Pepin was anointed king. 在751年，丕平被涂圣油，立为国王。
[ə'nɔɪnt] verb transitive
CHOOSE 挑选 formal
■to choose someone to do a particular job, usually by a person in authority （通常由权威人士）选定，指定
• [+ as + noun] It remains to be seen whom the chairman will anoint as his successor. 董事长将指定何人作为其接班人，还需拭目以待。

Word: veil
Front: veil
[veɪl] (研四六托雅宝 7300/7969 -1)
Vocabulary: veil
(once / 152 pages)
nv
A veil is a cloth covering the head and face, mostly worn by women. Wedding veils are drawn back when the groom hears, "Now you may kiss the bride." (Or else the groom gets a gauzy mouthful.)
This is a technical term for part of an embryo or mushroom, but it’s usually a covering for the head and face. Priests wear veils during certain Catholic ceremonies, and a grieving widow might wear a veil at her husband's funeral. To veil also means to conceal something. You could veil your attempt to steal some cookies by turning the TV up loud as a distraction. When something — like a lie — is "thinly veiled," people can see right through it.
WORD FAMILY
veil: unveil, veiled, veiling, veils+/ unveil: unveiled, unveiling, unveils/unveiling: unveilings/veiling: veilings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The cocktail hat was characterized by a small silhouette, feathers, a veil and sparkles.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The show also contains 11 of Stout’s graphite drawings, whose finely textured images range through the gray spectrum and seem almost veiled.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Flashbacks whisper and boom, taunt and explain, push away veils and illuminate fissures.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 面纱; 掩饰; 覆盖物; 托词
vt. 用面纱遮盖; 掩饰; 用帷幕分隔; 隐匿
时态：veiled, veiling, veils
分布：面纱(83%)，面罩(6%)，戴面纱(6%)，遮蔽(4%)，掩饰物(1%)
→来自拉丁语velum,帘布，帆，引申词义面纱。
面纱,借口[veil=cover,表示"盖上"]
n.面纱,遮蔽物v.用面纱掩盖,掩饰I perceived that the veil clung on the ceiling of the clinic was deceit.我觉察到粘附在诊所天花板上的幔子是个骗局.
【参】inveigle（v 诱骗），in，veigl＝veil，e：戴着面纱用来诱骗。
noun
MATERIAL 材料
 ADVANCED countable
■a piece of thin material worn by women to cover the face or head 面纱；面罩
• After the ceremony, the bride lifted up her veil to kiss her husband. 仪式过后，新娘撩起面纱亲吻她的丈夫。
• The women wore black veils which covered all but their eyes. 那些女人戴着黑色面纱，把除眼睛之外的所有地方都遮住了。
take the veil
■A Christian woman who takes the veil becomes a nun. 成为修女
take/adopt the veil
■A Muslim woman who takes or adopts the veil decides to wear traditional Muslim clothing. 决定穿戴穆斯林女性的传统服装
[veɪl] noun
UNCLEAR 不清楚
only singular literary
■a thin covering of something, which you can see through, but not very clearly 遮蔽物；笼罩物
• The view over the lake was obscured by a veil of mist that hung in the air. 薄雾笼罩下，湖面上的景色看上去模模糊糊的。
only singular literary
■something that prevents you from knowing what is happening 掩饰，掩盖；托词
• The government has been urged to lift the veil of secrecy surrounding the minister's unexpected resignation. 民众已在极力要求政府将部长突然辞职的真相公之于众。
draw a veil over sth literary
■to not talk any more about a subject because it could cause trouble or embarrassment 避而不谈…
• I think we should draw a veil over everything that happened at the party, don't you? 我觉得我们不应再提派对上发生的任何事，不是吗？
[veɪl] verb
MATERIAL 材料
transitive often passive
■to cover something, especially the face or body, with a veil 用幕遮掩；（尤指）用面纱遮住
• In some societies, women are expected to be veiled when they go out in public. 在某些社会里，女性去公共场合就得戴上面纱。
[veɪl] verb
HIDE 遮盖
transitive
■to hide or cover something so that you cannot see it clearly 遮盖；隐藏；笼罩
• Thick fog veiled the city. 浓雾笼罩着城市。
n. 面纱； [服装] 面罩；遮蔽物；托词
 - yashmak, facemask
vt. 遮蔽；掩饰；以面纱遮掩；用帷幕分隔
 - shadow, shield, curtain

Word: launder
Front: launder
[ˈlɔ:ndə(r)] (15531/18852 -1)
Vocabulary: launder
(once / 1248 pages)
v
To launder is to wash your clothes or other things made from cloth, like sheets and towels. A college student might try to wait to launder her clothes until she goes home for Thanksgiving.
When you launder, you wash a load of laundry, or dirty clothes. These days most of us use a washing machine to launder, adding detergent to the water and then tossing the wet things in the dryer after they're clean. Another meaning of launder is "hide the origins of illegal money," or "make dirty money look clean," which is usually done by making it appear that the money was earned through a legitimate business.
WORD FAMILY
launder: laundered, laundering, launders, laundry +/laundering: launderings/ laundry: laundries
USAGE EXAMPLES
“China became quite aware that even in their ‘legal market’ there was tremendous laundering through an illegal system,” Ms. Lieberman said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Obiang is expected to plead not guilty to charges of laundering the proceeds of corruption, embezzlement and misuse of public funds.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
In play is $630 million from his estate that the United States says he and his cronies laundered through the American financial system.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 洗涤; 洗黑钱（把来路可疑的钱弄得貌似合法）; 洗烫衣物; 消除…的污点
vi. 洗涤; 洗熨
n. [矿]槽洗机，流槽
时态：laundered, laundering, launders
分布：洗涤(37%)，清洗(36%)，流水槽(27%)
→来自拉丁语lavandaria,洗衣工，词源同lava,lavatory.引申词义洗钱。
US ['lɑ:n.dɚ] verb transitive
CLOTHES 衣服
■to wash, dry and iron clothes, sheets etc 洗，洗涤
• freshly laundered sheets 新洗的床单
UK ['lɔ:n.dər] US ['lɑ:n.dɚ] verb transitive
MONEY 钱
■to move money which has been obtained illegally through banks and other businesses to make it seem to have been obtained legally 洗（赃款）
• Officials were accused of laundering the stolen funds overseas before returning them to the US. 官员们被指控在海外洗钱后将赃款转回美国。
vt. 洗涤；清洗；洗黑钱（把来路可疑的钱弄得貌似合法）
 - wash, purge of
vi. 洗涤；洗熨；耐洗
 - wash well, line dry

Word: jumbo
Front: jumbo
[ˈdʒʌmbəʊ] (15512/19410 -1)
Vocabulary: jumbo
(once / 4795 pages)
adj
Something that's jumbo is extra large. Your jumbo television might look funny in your tiny apartment.
Jumbo is an informal adjective that describes anything enormous. You might spy the word on a menu at a seafood restaurant that serves "jumbo shrimp," or hear it when you're boarding a massive "jumbo jet." The word comes from a famous elephant, Jumbo, known for being the largest in captivity in the 1800s, and purchased from the London Zoo by circus owner P.T. Barnum in 1882.
WORD FAMILY
jumbo
USAGE EXAMPLES
In January, Boeing secured a contract from the Pentagon to start development work on the 747-8 jumbo jets that would replace the aging planes.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
The Ktuxana Nation have resisted a scheme to build the Jumbo Valley resort since it was first proposed in 1991.
BBC(Nov 30, 2016)
Things get rolling Thursday when Mr. Trump and Vice-President-elect Mike Pence arrive in Cincinnati for a signature jumbo rally at a major local arena.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 庞大的; 巨大的
n. 体大而笨拙的人或物; 大型喷气式客机; 庞然大物
分布：喷气式飞机(65%)，特大的(35%)
→来自Jumbo,19世纪末伦敦动物园一头大象的名字，可能来自西非某语言。由于该大象异常巨大且如此知名，因此引申词义巨大的，巨型的，并用于指大型客机，特别是波音747.
US [-boʊ] adjective [before noun]
■extremely large 特大（号）的；巨型的
• a jumbo bag of sweets 一大包糖果
• a jumbo- sized packet 特大号盒子
adj. 巨大的；特大的
 - huge, tremendous, enormous, massive, macro
n. 庞然大物； [航] 巨型喷气式飞机；体大而笨拙的人或物
 - monolith, leviathan

Word: voluminous
Front: voluminous
[vəˈlu:mɪnəs] (宝 15539/18538)
Vocabulary: voluminous
(once / 2115 pages)
1adj 2adj
Consider that volume is a measure of size. That will help you understand that voluminous refers to something very large in size or extent.
Suppose instead of calling a book a book, you called it a volume. Suddenly, it seems to be part of a much bigger thing. And what if it were only Volume I, with 23 more volumes to go? Even bigger, right? In fact, it's more than big; it’s voluminous. Voluminous describes very large things. The flouncy skirt of a wedding dress? Voluminous. Media coverage of some movie star's divorce? Also voluminous. The word voluminous describes something ample, extensive, and just plain huge.
WORD FAMILY
voluminous: voluminosity, voluminously, voluminousness+/ volume: volumes, voluminous
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the evidence on the benefit of vaccines is consistent and voluminous.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Light and shadow are deftly conveyed, as are the folds of voluminous costumes.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
But the parties start earlier, always involve day-drinking and are generally grander and definitely more voluminous than anything you’ve managed to accomplish the night before.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 大的; 多卷的; 著作多的; 宽松的
adv. 宽松地，容量大地，篇幅长地
n. 宽松，容量大，篇幅长
分布：大量的(46%)，大部头的(24%)，卷数多的(18%)，著书多的(12%)
多卷的,多产的(volum卷+inous多...的→多卷本的)[vol,volv,volt=roll,turn,表示"卷,转"]
【记】volum＝volume（n 容量；卷），inous多：多的
【反】scanty（adj 缺乏的）；scarce（adj 不足的）
[və'lu:.mɪ.nəs] formal
adjective
■A voluminous piece of clothing is large and consists of a lot of cloth （衣服）肥大的，宽松的
• Her voluminous silk dress billowed out behind her. 她穿的那条宽松的丝绸长裙在身后鼓起来了。
■A voluminous piece of writing is long and detailed （著作）长篇的，卷帙浩繁的
• Have you read McClelland's voluminous account of his life? 你读过麦克莱兰的长篇自传吗？
adj. 大量的；多卷的，长篇的；著书多的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, much

Word: sky
Front: sky
[skaɪ] (中高 1147/1674 -K3)
Back: n. 天（空）
vt. 将…击向空中; 将…高挂
时态：skied, skying, skies
分布：天空(93%)，天气(5%)，将…高挂(1%)，天国(1%)
→来自古诺斯语 sky,云，云层，来自 Proto-Germanic*skeujam,云，云层，来自 skeu,遮盖， 覆盖，词源同 hide,obscure.后词义由云演变为天空，而 cloud 词义由群山演变为云。
n.天空;[pl.]天色;气候The sky is bright blue.天空一片蔚蓝.
noun
 ESSENTIAL [S or U]
■the area above the Earth, in which clouds, the sun, etc. can be seen 天，天空
• a blue/cloudy/dark sky 蓝色／多云／阴暗的天空
• Can you see those birds high up in the sky? 你能看到高空的那些鸟吗?
• We looked up at/into the sky at the sound of the plane. 我们听到飞机的声音后抬头仰望天空。
skies [plural]
■the sky in a particular state or place （某种天气状况下或某地的）天空
• For weeks we had cloudless blue skies. 有好几周我们这里的天空都是晴朗无云，一片湛蓝。
• We're off to the sunny skies of Spain. 我们离开此地去享受西班牙晴朗的天空。
[skaɪ] noun
the sky's the limit
■there is no limit 没有限制
• The sky's the limit to what you can win in our competition. 在我们的比赛中可以赢得的奖品是没有限制的。
sky, heaven, paradise
这组词都有“天”的意思，其区别是：
sky: 普通用词，指人们头顶上的天空，一般属于笼罩地球的空气层。较少用于指天国或天堂。
heaven: 作“天空”解时，常用复数，文学用词；作“天堂”解时，多用大写形式，采用单数。
paradise: 与heaven同义，宗教色彩浓厚，指好人死后灵魂长存之处，口语中表示乐园或乐事，在宗教典故中，指天主教与基督教中的伊甸乐园。
n. [天] 天空；顶点
 - heaven, height, summit, air, peak
vi. 踢或击高空球；把桨叶翘得过高；飞涨
 - sharp increase, go through the roof

Word: inkling
Front: inkling
[ˈɪŋklɪŋ] (托宝 15544/14460)
Vocabulary: inkling
(once / 3491 pages)
n
Is someone yapping on and on and you only have the vaguest idea of what they're talking about? Then you understood just an inkling — a glimmer, a fraction — of what they were saying.
Inkling can also mean a sly suggestion or faint implication. If someone drops a hint you're not wanted they've given you an inkling you're not wanted. The word comes from the medieval English word inclen, which suitably enough means "to utter in an undertone." In other words, what's really being said is in between the lines of what's actually being said on the surface. By now you've probably got the inkling that inklings can be sneaky things.
WORD FAMILY
inkling: inklings
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is frightening, but there are inklings of a growing and more organized resistance movement led by students, teachers and parents.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“I didn’t move to Nashville with any inkling or dreams of getting a record deal,” she said.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Few, if any, might have any inkling that just below them lies a world-class repository of research materials in a concrete-encased, climate-controlled book vault.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 想法，暗示，迹象
分布：暗示(59%)，略知(41%)
→词源不详，可能来自古英语inca,怀疑，疑虑。
【记】ink（n 墨水），ling小：小墨水－如果在你的本子上总能发现小墨水，就会暗示你是一个粗心大意的人。
noun countable usually singular uncountable
■when you think that something is true or likely to happen, although you are not certain 略知；模糊的印象
• [+ that] I didn't have the slightest inkling that she was unhappy. 我根本不知道她不高兴。
• He must have had some inkling of what was happening. 他当时对发生的事一定有所了解。
n. 暗示；略知；模糊概念
 - connotation, reminder, implication, allusion
v. 暗示 （inkle的ing形式）；略知；低声说出
 - smattering

Word: perestroika
Front: perestroika
[ˌperəs'trɔɪkə] (15465/17050)
Back: n. （苏联经济与政治体制的）改革; 调整; 政治经济重建的
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable
■the political, social and economic changes which happened in the USSR during the late 1980s （20世纪80年代末苏联在政治、社会和经济方面所作的）改革，重建
n. （俄）改革
 - transformation, reform

Word: departmental
Front: departmental
[ˌdi:pɑ:tˈmentl] (雅 15601/6166)
Back: adj. 部门的，各部的; 各县的; 分科的
分布：部门的(87%)，各部的(13%)
US [-pɑ:rt'men.tˌəl] adjective
■relating to a department 部门的；系的；处的
• Janet is now a departmental head/manager. 珍妮特现在是部门主管／经理。
• a departmental meeting 部门会议
adj. 部门的；各县的；分科的
 - sectoral

Word: bemused
Front: bemused
[bɪˈmju:zd] (宝 15501/11577 -1)
Vocabulary: bemused
(once / 10553 pages)
adj
If you're bemused, you're muddled or preoccupied. It happens when you're lost in thought, dazed, or overwhelmed (say, on the first day of high school).
Find the word "muse" inside bemused and imagine being under the spell of one of the muses of Greek mythology. You're so inspired to write poetry that you can't keep your mind on work or remember how to get home. Or think Wile E. Coyote, Sylvester, or another cartoon character staggering off with a vague smile after getting hit over the head by a frying pan and you'll grasp the meaning of a bemused expression.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amuse / bemuse
People often use the word bemuse when they mean amuse, but to amuse is to entertain, and to bemuse is to confuse. In Alice in Wonderland, the White Rabbit amuses Alice as he frolics, but then the Cheshire Cat bemuses her when he tells her to go two directions at once.
To amuse someone is to make them laugh or otherwise keep their attention. It's often used in the negative — if someone says that a joke does not amuse her, duck before you get slapped. In the movie Goodfellas, a tough guy says darkly, "...I'm a clown? Do I amuse you?" Here are friendlier examples:
There's nothing spellbinding left to amuse our children. (Forbes)
This was fashion as theater and an often amusing way to end Paris Fashion Week. (New York Times)
To bemuse is to confuse or muddle, and it's almost always in the form bemused. It sounds like that other word, but it's not as fun to be bemused. These examples get it right:
Another father seemed bemused that his son had been taken in by the police after he went for a walk on Saturday.  (BBC)
In the past, reviews of Bosco's dazzlingly vivid apparel and sneakers have ranged from admiring to bemused to scathing. (New York Times)
The passengers, bemused at first, were quickly won over once they realized who was performing. (Time)
It's no wonder people get them mixed up — both words are derived from the French word "muse." It's just like a French muse to entertain and confuse us all in the same root word.
WORD FAMILY
bemused: bemusedly+/ bemuse: bemused, bemusement, bemuses, bemusing/bemusement: bemusements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even if he himself is still faintly bemused by the idea that anyone would consider his story worthy of celebration.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Fellow rookie Isaac Seumalo was a bit more bemused by his gift.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Vladimir Putin is definitely not rueful or bemused about these possessions.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 困惑的，茫然的，不知所措的
v. 使困惑，使发呆( bemuse的过去式和过去分词)
分布：困惑的(55%)，发呆的(38%)，动词bemuse的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
→前缀be-, 强调。muse, 沉思，冥想。
【记】1）be表状态，muse（v 沉思），在茫然困惑的时候就喜欢一个人沉思。2）be表被动，amuse（vt 使发笑）－被人无缘无故的取笑，你会处于一种茫然困惑状态。
adjective
■slightly confused 糊涂的，茫然的
• I must admit that I was rather bemused by his sudden anger. 我要承认我确实被他莫名其妙的怒气弄得糊涂了。
adj. 困惑的；发呆的
 - confused, puzzled, troubled

Word: furor
Front: furor
['fjʊərɔ:(r)] (宝 15523/-)
Vocabulary: furor
(once / 5383 pages)
n
A furor is a strong and sudden reaction, often negative and shared by many people, such as the furor that erupted when Coca-Cola replaced its beloved soft drink with "New Coke" in the 1980s.
Like the Latin word furia, which means "passion," a furor involves strong emotion. Not all furors are negative — sometimes a furor is just a fad or a craze that seems to come out of nowhere, like the rubber bracelets every kid in school seemed to start wearing at the exact same second. That bracelet furor? It all started with kids getting excited and saying they just had to have them.
WORD FAMILY
furor: furors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump’s ‘junta’ is another media furor that isn’t worth worrying about.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
As furor swelled, the narrative about Sergeant Bergdahl further darkened.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Embassy to Jerusalem from Tel Aviv, a step that would enrage Palestinians and create an international furor.
Reuters(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 喧闹; 狂热; 狂怒; 抗议
分布：狂热(60%)，激怒(30%)，骚乱(10%)
【参】fury（n 狂怒；狂暴）源于：三个长有翅膀和蛇发的可怕的复仇女神（Furies）fur毛，y外：外面全是毛－野人－狂怒；狂暴
【反】serenity（n 平静）
n. 狂热；激怒；喧闹；感动
 - abandon, wrath

Word: thermostat
Front: thermostat
[ˈθɜ:məstæt] (15617/17013)
Vocabulary: thermostat
(once / 22600 pages)
nv
If your house is always too cold in the winter, you might need to adjust the thermostat, or the dial that controls the indoor temperature.
Most devices that emit heat have a thermostat, which controls how hot or cold things get. Car engines, electric blankets, furnaces, and ovens are all equipped with thermostats so that people can change the temperature, or in the case of cars, so that the car itself can keep the engine at the ideal temperature. The noun thermostat comes from the Greek word for heat, thermos, plus statos, or "a standing."
WORD FAMILY
thermostat: thermostated, thermostatic, thermostats, thermostatted+/thermostatic: thermostatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
A few rare genetic mutations break the thermostat.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Lower the thermostat at night to about 60 degrees, and use pajamas and quilts to keep warm while asleep.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
If I were using Google Home to control my lights and thermostat too, it would be a no-brainer at $129.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 恒温（调节）器
分布：恒温器(100%)
→therm-,热，热的，-stat,平衡，稳定，词源同 stand.
US ['θɝ:-] noun countable
■a device which keeps a building, engine, etc. within a usually limited temperature range by automatically switching the supply of heat on and off 温度自动调节器，恒温器
• a central heating thermostat 集中供暖温度调节器
n. [自] 恒温器；自动调温器
 - thermal cutout, attemperator

Word: ready-made
Front: ready-made
[ˌredi:ˈmeɪd] (-1)
Vocabulary: ready-made
(once / 3651 pages)
adjn
Ready-made things are standardized and bought right off the shelf, rather than being specially made. You might have to hem your ready-made curtains, but they're cheaper than having custom curtains sewn.
Ready-made clothes are the ones you buy in stores or online that come in standard sizes. Custom, tailor-made, or bespoke clothing is the exact opposite — they're constructed to perfectly fit your body. Ready-made food is store-bought, and made commercially, not homemade. You can also use this adjective to describe something that's so quick and automatic it's become a cliche, like a politician's thoughtless, ready-made response to a reporter's question.
WORD FAMILY
ready-made
USAGE EXAMPLES
The forsaken flora are a ready-made metaphor for the Moldova-born photographer’s own uprooted life.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
His new film, “Silence,” is ready-made for this time of year, a tale of religious faith and deep spiritual questioning.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Like Oiselle, they bring with them a ready-made customer base.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 现成的; 做好的; 事前已想好了的
n. 已做好的东西
分布：现成的(95%)，做好的(5%)
adjective
■bought or found in a finished form and available to use immediately 现成的；预先造好的；成品的
• a ready-made frozen meal 预制冷冻膳食
• figurative When she married Giles, she acquired a ready-made family - two teenage sons and a daughter. 她嫁给了贾尔斯，也就接过来一个现成的家庭——两个十几岁的儿子和一个女儿。
adj. 现成的；做好的；陈旧的；平凡的
 - old, ordinary, stock

Word: partake
Front: partake
[pɑ:ˈteɪk] (15537/18983)
Vocabulary: partake
(once / 439 pages)
1v 2v
When you partake in something, you join in, like when you partake in the three-legged race and bobbing for apples at your town fall festival.
The verb partake is almost always followed by the word in, and used in a somewhat formal context. You partake in whatever activities you participate — or take part — in, like when you partake in a backyard football game or partake in your family's holiday cookie making party. If you get a share of something, you also partake of it, like when you partake of the delicious buffet at your cousin's wedding.
WORD FAMILY
partake: partaken, partaker, partakes, partaking, partook+/partaker: partakers
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the end of the food chain, some soldiers partake in selling food directly to citizens, according to business owners.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
She estimates that anywhere from 100 to 200 people partake of the meal, sometimes at a cost as high as $400.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Along the way, Ralphie negotiates with Santa Claus and his teacher, fights off a horrible bully and partakes in episodes of fantasy, melodrama and adventure.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 参加; 参与; 吃
n. 参与者，分担者
时态：partook, partaken, partaking, partakes
分布：参与(45%)，分享(21%)，分担(16%)，喝(8%)，吃(8%)，颇有(2%)
→缩写自中古英语part-taking.
参与;分享(part+take拿→拿一部分→分享;参与)[part,port=part,divide,表示"部分,分开"]
US [pɑ:r-] (partook, partaken)
verb intransitive
EAT/DRINK 吃／喝 old-fashioned or humorous
■to eat or drink 吃，喝
• Would you care to partake of a little wine with us? 你愿意和我们一起喝点酒吗？
UK [pɑ:'teɪk] US [pɑ:r-] (partook, partaken)
verb intransitive
TAKE PART 参与 old-fashioned or formal
■to become involved with or take part in something 参加，参与
• She was happy to partake in the festivities. 她很乐意参加庆祝活动。
vi. 分享；参与；分担；带有某种性质
 - mix, participate in
vt. 分担；分享
 - participate in, share in

Word: steadfast
Front: steadfast
[ˈstedfɑ:st] (托雅宝 15551/21825 -1)
Vocabulary: steadfast
(once / 657 pages)
adj
Someone who is firm and determined in a belief or a position can be called steadfast in that view, like your mom when she thinks you really shouldn’t wear that outfit.
The word steadfast traces back to the Old English word stedefæst, a combination of stede, meaning "place," and fæst, meaning "firmly fixed." Picture a steadfast person standing firmly in place, not wavering or budging an inch, and you’ll have a good sense of what this word means. Someone can be steadfast in a belief, an effort, a plan, or even a refusal. Whatever it is, it means that the person will calmly hold firm to the chosen position and follow through with determination.
WORD FAMILY
steadfast: steadfastedly, steadfastly, steadfastness+/steadfastness: steadfastnesss
USAGE EXAMPLES
We want to be as steadfast in adversity as they are.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Samantha Power, defended the vote as consistent with “steadfast and unparalleled commitment to the security of Israel,” CNN reported Friday.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In words borrowed from the monastic rite of Compline, Hunthausen with Ryan’s help chose to “resist, steadfast in the faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 坚定的; 固定的; 不动摇的; 不变的
分布：坚定的(93%)，毫不动摇的(7%)
→stead,位置，地方，fast,坚固的，紧的，词源同 fasten.
坚定的;固定的(stead[=stand]+fast稳固的)[st,sta,stat,stan,stant,stin=stand表示"站,立"]
【记】stead＝stand站，fast（adj 牢的；忠实的）－忠实的；稳定的
【反】capricious（adj 反复无常的）
US [-fæst] approving
adjective
■staying the same for a long time and not changing quickly or unexpectedly 长期不变的；坚定的，不动摇的
• a steadfast friend/ally 忠实的朋友／盟友
• steadfast loyalty 毫不动摇的忠诚
• The group remained steadfast in its support for the new system, even when it was criticized in the newspapers. 这个团体始终坚定不移地支持新体制，即使遭到报纸批评的时候也毫不动摇。
adj. 坚定的；不变的
 - committed, firm, constant, confirmed, permanent

Word: stanza
Front: stanza
[ˈstænzə] (托宝 15504/17296 -1)
Vocabulary: stanza
(once / 768 pages)
n
Stanzas are the building blocks of formal poetry, like paragraphs in a story or verses in a song. They usually have the same number of lines each time, and often use a rhyming pattern that repeats with each new stanza.
Shakespeare was the master of the stanza. His sonnets had three stanzas that were each four lines long, and then a two-line stanza at the end, all with a very particular rhyme and rhythm pattern. Poems with stanzas always have some sort of structure to them, but not all poetry uses stanzas, for example — free verse tends to be wild poetry without structural rules.
WORD FAMILY
stanza: stanzas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Problem is, his poems fade in the fifth stanza.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A few minutes into the song, whose knotty verses grow more surreal with each stanza, Smith flubbed the lyrics.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
I’d never read the lyrics of the last three stanzas.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. （诗）节; （戏剧等在某一地点的）演出期; 〈美〉运动比赛的段落; 局，场
分布：诗节(100%)
→来自意大利语 stanza,诗节，段，词源同 stand,stance.
【记】stan站住，za－诗歌停止的地方－节、段
noun countable
■a group of lines of poetry forming a unit; verse （诗的）节，段
n. 演出期；局；场；诗的一节
 - bureau, department

Word: telegraph
Front: telegraph
[ˈtelɪgrɑ:f] (高研四六托 26182/4974 -1)
Vocabulary: telegraph
(once / 283 pages)
nv
Forget about the internet! Before even the telephone was invented, the telegraph — a device used to communicate via electronic signals — was the main mode of communicating long distance. We've come a long way!
The telegraph is an outdated form of communication as far as sending long-distance messages goes. It uses an electric signal broken to create a code that then transmits over a wire and translates into a message. Alexander Graham Bell started tinkering with the telegraph and ended up inventing the first "harmonic telegraph" to transmit sound through a wire — which led to the birth of the modern telephone.
WORD FAMILY
telegraph: telegraphed, telegraphic, telegraphing, telegraphs+/telegraphic: telegraphically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the Nettuno picture fell foul of the social media giant’s privacy policies, the Daily Telegraph reported.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Editorials reflect the consensus of the Telegraph Herald Editorial Board.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Serving for 14 years as MP for Slough, in Berkshire, he was, according to the Daily Telegraph, a "tough, astute and popular" parliamentarian.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 电报; 电讯; 电报机; 信号机
vt. & vi. 打电报; 流露出; 电汇; 用电报通知
vt. 用电报发送; 打电报向（某人）发指令; 电汇; 电购
时态：telegraphed, telegraphing, telegraphs
分布：电报(84%)，电报机(8%)，打电报(6%)，显示(2%)
→tele-,远的，-graph,写。引申词义电报。
电报(tele远+graph→从远方写来→电报)[graph,gram=write,表示"写,图"]
打电报(tele+graph写→用电写→电报)[tele=fur表示"远",引申为"电",电从远方来]
n.电报机,电报v.打电报,发电报I telegraphed him for help.我打电报向他求助.
US [-ə-] noun uncountable
■(especially in the past) a method of sending and receiving messages by electrical or radio signals, or the special equipment used for this purpose （尤指过去的）电报；电报机
• The news came by telegraph. 这个消息是由电报传来的。
cable, telegraph, telegram
这组词都有“电报”的意思，其区别是：
cable: 通常指通过海底电缆打的电报，也可指广义的电报。
telegraph: 侧重指通信方式和电报业各，不可数名词，表想象概念。
telegram: 常用词，指通过电报系统发出的信息，尤指具体的一份份电报。
n. [通信] 电报机，电报
 - wire, tgm
vt. 电汇；流露出；打电报给…
 - wire transfer, cable transfer
vi. [通信] 打电报
 - wire

Word: embroil
Front: embroil
[ɪmˈbrɔɪl] (宝 15548/14533)
Vocabulary: embroil
(once / 3845 pages)
v
To embroil is to drag someone in to a mess. If you're embroiled, you're in ... DEEP. It's far worse, far messier, and generally far more long-term, than simply being "involved" with something. Nothing good can come of being embroiled.
Embroil can refer to any sort of situation — love affairs, political events, scandals — but it's probably most commonly used in reference to law suits. The classic law suit that embroiled its participants was the fictional one of Jarndyce. v. Jarndyce, in Dickens's novel Bleak House — which went on for so many generations that all the characters' money was eaten up entirely by lawyers' fees. Let us repeat: nothing good comes of getting embroiled.
WORD FAMILY
embroil: disembroil, embroiled, embroiling, embroilment, embroils+/disembroil: disembroiled/embroilment: embroilments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dickerson and the Rams were embroiled in controversy before Fisher was fired on Dec. 12.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Mr. Reinecke was running for governor when he became embroiled in the wide-ranging Watergate investigation of the Nixon administration.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Tokyo-based Toshiba also is embroiled in a scandal over disclosures that company officials doctored accounting books for years after setting unrealistic earnings targets.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 使（自己或他人）卷入纠纷
时态：embroiled, embroiling, embroils
分布：使卷入(45%)，牵连(33%)，使陷入(22%)
→em-, 进入，使。-broil, 蒸，煮，词源同brew. 原指各种原料炖成一锅。
verb transitive
■to cause someone to become involved in an argument or a difficult situation 使卷入（纠纷）；使陷入（困境）
• [R] She had no desire to embroil herself in lengthy lawsuits with the tabloid newspapers. 她不想卷入和那些小报的漫长官司纠纷中。
• The United Nations was reluctant to get its forces embroiled in civil war. 联合国不愿让其维和部队卷入国家的内战中。
vt. 使卷入；使混乱
 - cloud, confuse

Word: compatriot
Front: compatriot
[kəmˈpætriət] (六宝 15497/18779 -1)
Vocabulary: compatriot
(once / 2591 pages)
n
A compatriot is a person from the same country as you. Don't confuse it with patriot, which means someone with notable love for his country.
The word compatriot is often used to suggest an automatic sense of friendship. All compatriots are assumed to be chummy with each other — though, in fact, there's nothing in the dictionary definition to suggest this. Compatriots may — and often do — loathe each other, as countless civil wars have demonstrated.
WORD FAMILY
compatriot: compatriots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Katoatau quickly embraced the role, and in 2015 wrote a moving open letter calling attention to the plight of his compatriots.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
They are selling more spliffs to their compatriots, who light up relatively little and so present an alluring growth market.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Compatriot Jordan Spieth expressed the views of many in the elite 17-man field with a positive assessment of the tournament host's return to competition.
Reuters(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 同胞; 同国人
adj. 同国人的; 同胞的
分布：同胞(84%)，同国的(7%)，同国人(7%)，同事(2%)
→com-, 强调。-patri, 父亲，词源同father. 即同宗同祖的。
同胞(com+patriot动→大家一起动→动乱)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
同胞(com共同+patri父亲)[-ot表名词"…人"]
【记】com共同，patriot（n 爱国者）－共同热爱祖国的人－同胞
US [-'peɪ.tri-] noun countable formal
■a person who comes from the same country 同国人，同胞
US
■a friend or someone you work with 伙伴；同事
n. 同胞；同国人
 - brethren, countryfolk

Word: commons
Front: commons
[ˈkɔmənz] (13701/2570)
Vocabulary: commons
(once / 3051 pages)
1n 2n
A commons is a piece of land that belongs to everyone in a community. The commons in the middle of a village might be a green space that's available for gatherings and celebrations.
One way to think of the commons is as public land or space — roadways, town parks, public beaches, and sidewalks could all potentially be defined as part of the commons. Nobody owns the commons, and when some part of it becomes privately owned, it's called privatization. The word commons comes from the Latin root communis, which means both "in common, shared by all, or general," and also "common property."
WORD FAMILY
common: commonality, commonest, commonly, commonness, commons, uncommon+/commonality: commonalities/commonness: commonnesses/uncommon: uncommoner, uncommonest, uncommonly, uncommonness
USAGE EXAMPLES
As a ubiquitous, cross-border commons, it often defies notions of state sovereignty.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
It’s also theocratic, and its omnipresence in the commons disrespects people who aren’t Christians.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Security is foundational to protecting our interests, reassuring our allies and maintaining the open commons and international norms upon which global commerce depends.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 平民，下院，公共用; [法律]（对土地、水域的）共有权( common的名词复数 ); 公共用地; （学校、大学等的）学生公共食堂; [宗教]（基督教某个特定节日所用的）普通礼拜
分布：名词(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
常见的;普遍的
If something is common, it is found in large numbers or it happens often.
例：His name was Hansen, a common name in Norway...他的名字叫汉森，在挪威是一个常见的名字。
例：Oil pollution is the commonest cause of death for seabirds...石油污染是造成海鸟死亡最常见的原因。
ADJ
共有的;共同的
If something is common to two or more people or groups, it is done, possessed, or used by them all.
例：Moldavians and Romanians share a common language...摩尔达维亚人和罗马尼亚人使用同一种语言。
例：Such behaviour is common to all young people.这种行为在年轻人中司空见惯。
ADJ
(物种)常见的
When there are more animals or plants of a particular species than there are of related species, then the first species is called common .
例：...the common house fly.常见的家蝇
ADJ
寻常的;普通的
Common is used to indicate that someone or something is of the ordinary kind and not special in any way.
例：Democracy might elevate the common man to a position of political superiority...民主也许能提升普通人的政治地位，让他们产生优越感。
例：Common salt is made up of 40% sodium and 60% chloride.食盐由40%的钠和60%的氯化物构成。
ADJ
(礼貌等)通常的，起码的
Common decency or common courtesy is the decency or courtesy which most people have. You usually talk about this when someone has not shown these characteristics in their behaviour to show your disapproval of them.
例：It is common decency to give your seat to anyone in greater need...给更有需要的人让座是最起码的礼貌。
例：He didn't have the common courtesy to ask permission.他连邀准这种最起码的礼貌都没有。
ADJ
(知识等)众所周知的，共有的，共识的
You can use common to describe knowledge, an opinion, or a feeling that is shared by people in general.
例：It is common knowledge that swimming is one of the best forms of exercise.大家都知道游泳是最好的锻炼方式之一。
例：...the common view that acupuncture is only a fringe area of medicine.针灸仅仅是医学的一个边缘领域的这种普遍看法
ADJ-GRADED
粗俗的;缺乏教养的
If you describe someone or their behaviour as common, you mean that they show a lack of taste, education, and good manners.
例：She might be a little common at times, but she was certainly not boring.她有时候可能有点粗俗，但绝对不会让人生厌。
N-COUNT; N-IN-NAMES
(通常指村庄、小镇或其附近的)公共草地
A common is an area of grassy land, usually in or near a village or small town, where the public is allowed to go.
例：We are warning women not to go out on to the common alone.我们告诫女性不要独自去公共草地。
例：...Wimbledon Common.温布尔登公地
N-PROPER-COLL
同 the House of Commons;(亦指)下议员议员们
The Commons is the same as the House of Commons. The members of the House of Commons can also be referred to as the Commons .
例：The Prime Minister is to make a statement in the Commons this afternoon...今天下午首相将在下议院发表声明。
例：The Commons has spent over three months on the bill.下议院在这项议案上已经花了3个多月的时间。
PHRASE
共有的;相同的
If two or more things have something in common, they have the same characteristic or feature.
例：The oboe and the clarinet have got certain features in common...双簧管和单簧管有些相似之处。
例：In common with most Italian lakes, access to the shores of Orta is restricted.和大部分意大利湖泊一样，奥尔塔湖岸不对公众开放。
PHRASE
(兴趣或经历)共同的，相同的
If two or more people have something in common, they share the same interests or experiences.
例：He had very little in common with his sister.他和姐姐几乎没有什么共同语言。

Word: bulkhead
Front: bulkhead
[ˈbʌlkhed] (15603/23836 -1)
Vocabulary: bulkhead
(once / 4674 pages)
n
The divider or wall between sections of a plane or large ship is called a bulkhead. When you're seated in first class on a jet, there's a bulkhead between you and the pilot's cabin.
The bulkhead you're most likely to see is in a commercial airliner, dividing the flight crew from the passengers and sometimes the first class flyers from those in coach. Other vehicles have them too, including submarines and ships — these bulkheads help strengthen the vessels and keep different areas watertight. The Old Norse root of bulkhead is bálkr, "partition."
WORD FAMILY
bulkhead: bulkheads
USAGE EXAMPLES
The intact forested shoreline without bulkhead or break to the beach and near shore is a critical resting and feeding opportunity for juvenile salmon.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Margate and several residents say bulkheads already in place provide enough storm protection.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Recently, I watched a grandfather and his grandson throwing crackers to the swans along the bulkhead at Sheepshead Bay.
New York Times(Oct 14, 2016)
Back: n. 隔离壁（用在船舱、隧道、太空飞行器，以防止在一部分损坏时水或空气流入其他部分）; 防水壁; 隔风墙; 堵墙
分布：舱壁(69%)，隔壁(13%)，防水壁(11%)，分壁(7%)
['bʌlk.hed] specialized
noun countable
■a wall which divides the inside of a ship or aircraft （船的）舱壁；（飞机的）隔板
n. [建] 隔板；防水壁
 - dummy plate, spacer plate

Word: archetypal
Front: archetypal
[ˌɑ:kiˈtaɪpl] (15612/14536)
Vocabulary: archetypal
(once / 17230 pages)
adj
An archetypal thing represents an original type after which other, similar things are patterned. With her green skin, black garb, and evil ways, the Wicked Witch of the West is an archetypal villain.
The main characters in Romeo and Juliet are the archetypal "star-crossed lovers" — we often think of them first, and use them as examples. Similarly, Superman, with his chiseled looks, herculean strength, and good conscience, is an archetypal superhero. (Contrast him with Wolverine, whose retracting claws, violent outbursts, and brooding make him an archetypal "anti-hero.")
WORD FAMILY
archetypal: archetypally+/ archetype: archetypal, archetypes, archetypical/archetypical: archetypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Meanwhile, Mr. Rose knocks the dust off some archetypal premodern French dishes.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Mr McCluskey is not the archetypal trade unionist, at least not in appearance, but his friends say his politics are definitely hard-left.
BBC(Dec 06, 2016)
Scarves are an archetypal holiday gift, but they need a twist.
New York Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 原型的
分布：典型的(66%)，原型的(34%)
ADJ-GRADED
典型的;有代表性的
Someone or something that is archetypal has all the most important characteristics of a particular kind of person or thing and is a perfect example of it.
例：Cricket is the archetypal English game.板球是典型的英格兰运动。
adj. [生物] 原型的
 - prototypal

Word: concierge
Front: concierge
[ˈkɒnsieəʒ] (15630/39165)
Vocabulary: concierge
(once / 4159 pages)
n
A concierge works at a hotel helping guests make restaurant reservations, get directions, or anything else they need assistance with. If you were staying at a hotel, the concierge could recommend where to find the best coffee in town.
A helpful concierge is one of the perks of a nice hotel; the concierge's job isn't to carry your bags or check you in, but she will help you with almost anything else, including buying tickets and making reservations for you. The root of concierge is the Latin word conservus, or "fellow slave," which makes sense when you think about how hard a concierge works to make hotel guests happy.
WORD FAMILY
concierge: concierges
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Vornado experiment includes a concierge and other amenities that typically are not available in corporate rentals.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
So proud was the concierge of the armored Cadillac that he tried to sell Mr. Gerstman one of his own.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Amenities include a doorman, concierge, fitness center and a swimming pool.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 看门人，门房
分布：门房(66%)，看门人(29%)，金钥匙服务(5%)
→来自法语。con-, 强调。-cierge, 同serve, 服务。
US [kɑ:n.si'erʒ] noun countable
■a person who is employed to take care of an apartment building, especially in France （尤指法国的）大楼管理员，看门人
■someone who is employed in a hotel to help guests arrange things, such as theatre tickets and visits to restaurants （帮助客人安排戏票、餐馆等事宜的）旅馆服务台职员
US
■someone employed by a large company to do jobs, such as shopping, for other employees while they are working 大型公司雇来为其他员工办事（如采购）的雇员
n. 门房；看门人
 - porter, gatehouse

Word: nymph
Front: nymph
[nɪmf] (宝 15624/15733 -1)
Vocabulary: nymph
(once / 985 pages)
1n 2n
If you're excited to have spotted a nymph, you must take an interest in attractive young women or in bugs. It's really none of my business either way.
The word nymph comes straight out of Greek mythology, where it described nature spirits in the form of young women usually found in the woods. When you didn't return to the campsite for so long, I thought you'd either been eaten by a bear or run off with a nymph. What do you mean you ran off with a bear? Or were you just out looking for the insect larva kind of nymphs?
WORD FAMILY
nymph: nymphs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cenzo falls in love with Giulia, and before long she is “transformed into a fierce little sea nymph,” words are “insufficient” to describe her.
New York Times(Oct 24, 2016)
Nymphs hatched in the silvery water and the western sky lit up like coals in a dying fire.
New York Times(Oct 21, 2016)
The term “annual cicada” is something of a misnomer, as nymphs may spend two to five years underground before emerging.
New York Times(Sep 16, 2016)
Back: n. 仙女; 幼虫
分布：女神(60%)，美丽的少女(20%)，蛹(20%)
→来自拉丁语nympha,新娘，少女，半人半神的仙女，来自拉丁语nubere,结婚，词源同nubile,nuptial.
【记】来自罗马神话中的宁芙女神，以美丽女子形象出现，有时化身为树、水和山等自然之物的小女神
noun countable
■(in ancient Greek and Roman traditional stories) a goddess or spirit in the form of a young woman, living in a tree, river, mountain, etc. （希腊罗马神话中居于山林水泽的）仙女；宁芙
n. 女神；居于山林水泽的仙女；美丽的少女；蛹
 - goddess, pupa

Word: qualifier
Front: qualifier
[ˈkwɒlɪfaɪə(r)] (15614/13253 -2)
Vocabulary: qualifier
(once / 4698 pages)
1n 2n
If person is a qualifier, they've done well enough at some sport or activity to make it into an important competition. Qualifiers have made it into the big league.
When a word, rather than a person or a team, is described as a qualifier, it means that it modifies another word. Grammatical qualifiers are often adjectives. In the sentence "That is a fluffy cat," the word fluffy is a qualifier, attributing a specific quality to the word cat. The root of qualifier is the Latin qualis, "Of what sort?"
WORD FAMILY
qualifier: qualifiers+/ disqualification: disqualifications/disqualify: disqualification, disqualified, disqualifies, disqualifying/ qualification: qualifications/ qualified: qualifiedly, unqualified / qualify: disqualify, qualification, qualified, qualifier, qualifies, qualifying/qualifying: qualifyings/ unqualified: unqualifiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday, they’re competing to become a rare NFL species: a back-to-back playoff qualifier that failed to reach 10 victories in either season.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
In the AFC, the six qualifiers are set, but four teams are playing for positioning.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And yet with the World Cup qualifiers ahead there were encouraging signs.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 合格者，已取得资格的人; [语]修饰语; 预选赛，资格赛
分布：限定符(90%)，合格者(8%)，限定句(2%)
US ['kwɑ:.lɪ.faɪ.ɚ] noun countable
GET INTO COMPETITION 参赛
■a team or person who has won part of a competition and is therefore competing in the next part of it 初胜的人（或队），入围者
• The qualifiers from the first round will go into the quarter final. 通过第一回合比赛者将进入四分之一决赛。
■a game from which the winner will go on to compete in the next part of a competition 预赛，淘汰赛
• Belgium and Italy are playing in tonight's qualifier. 比利时队和义大利队将在今晚的预赛中交手。
UK ['kwɒl.ɪ.faɪ.ər] US ['kwɑ:.lɪ.faɪ.ɚ] noun countable
GRAMMAR 文法 specialized
■in grammar, a word or phrase which limits the meaning of another word or phrase, or makes it less general, such as an adjective or adverb 修饰词，修饰语；限定语
n. [计] [语] 限定词，限定语；取得资格的人；修饰语
 - determinator, definitive

Word: siphon
Front: siphon
['saɪfn] (15552/20582 -1)
Vocabulary: siphon
(once / 5772 pages)
nv
A siphon is a device used to move liquid from one container to the other. If you're giving your goldfish a magnificent new bowl, you can use a siphon to move the water from the old one to the new.
A siphon is a tube running from one container to another that uses gravity to cause liquid to flow. The key is that the container with the liquid has to be at a higher level than the container you’re moving the liquid to. You have to use force to start the initial flow, but after that gravity takes over. We also use siphon as a verb, for the process of emptying. An endless meeting might siphon off all your energy.
WORD FAMILY
siphon: siphoned, siphoning, siphons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democrats opposed to school choice often claim that charter schools and vouchers siphon taxpayer money from traditional public schools.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
They say he also siphoned $500,000 for himself and family.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
The fund raised $252 million in the spring, but shut down in June after a hack siphoned away $55 million.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 虹吸管
vt. 用虹吸管吸（或输送）（液体）
vi. 通过虹吸管
时态：siphoned, siphoning, siphons
分布：虹吸管(94%)，用虹吸管吸出或排出(6%)
→来自希腊语 siphon,管子，管道，引申词义吸管，虹吸。
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] noun countable
■a tube that is bent in the shape of an `n', with each end in a separate container at two different levels, so that liquid can be pulled up into it from the higher container and go down through it into the lower container 虹吸管
■* a soda siphon
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to remove liquid from a container using a siphon 用虹吸管吸取，用虹吸管抽取
(also syphon) ['saɪ.fən] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  siphon sth off (also syphon sth off)
■to dishonestly take money from an organization or other supply, and use it for a purpose for which it was not intended 非法挪用（资金），侵吞
• He lost his job when it was discovered that he had been siphoning off money from the company for his own use. 他非法挪用公司钱款为己所用的事迹败露后，便丢掉了工作。
n. [物] 虹吸管
 - U-trap
vi. [物] 通过虹吸管
 - syphon
vt. 用虹吸管吸出；抽取
 - cramp out

Word: spoils
Front: spoils
[spɔɪlz] (15557/-)
Back: v. 破坏 ; 糟蹋; 宠坏（ spoil的第三人称单数 ）
分布：赃(100%)
VERB
弄糟;损坏;破坏
If you spoil something, you prevent it from being successful or satisfactory.
例：It's important not to let mistakes spoil your life...重要的是不要让错误毁了你的生活。
例：Peaceful summer evenings can be spoilt by mosquitoes.宁静的夏夜可能会被蚊子破坏掉。
VERB
溺爱，宠坏(孩子)
If you spoil children, you give them everything they want or ask for. This is considered to have a bad effect on a child's character.
例：Grandparents are often tempted to spoil their grandchildren whenever they come to visit.祖父母每次来访都往往禁不住要娇惯孙辈。
VERB
犒赏（自己或他人）
If you spoil yourself or spoil another person, you give yourself or them something nice as a treat or do something special for them.
例：Spoil yourself with a new perfume this summer...今年夏天买瓶新香水慰劳一下自己吧。
例：Perhaps I could employ someone to iron his shirts, but I wanted to spoil him. He was my man.也许我可以雇别人来熨他的衬衫，但我想好好宠他。他是我爱的男人。
V-ERG
（使）(食物)变坏;(使)腐坏
If food spoils or if it is spoilt, it is no longer fit to be eaten.
例：We all know that fats spoil by becoming rancid...我们都知道油脂变质后会发臭。
例：Some organisms are responsible for spoiling food and cause food poisoning...有些生物会导致食物变质并引起食物中毒。
VERB
(因在其上写违法的内容而)使(选票)无效
If someone spoils their vote, they write something illegal on their voting paper, usually as a protest about the election, and their vote is not accepted.
例：They had broadcast calls for voters to spoil their ballot papers...他们通过广播呼吁选民们投无效选票。
例：The results showed that 7.2% of the voters cast blank or spoiled ballots.结果显示，7.2 %的选民投了空白或无效票。
N-PLURAL
战利品;因成功获得的好处
The spoils of something are things that people get as a result of winning a battle or of doing something successfully.
例：True to military tradition, the victors are now treating themselves to the spoils of war...按照军事惯例，胜者正在分享战利品。
例：Competing warlords and foreign powers scrambled for political spoils.相互争斗的军阀及外国列强们正在争夺政治上的收益。
PHRASE
可供选择的东西众多
If you say that someone is spoilt for choice or spoiled for choice, you mean that they have a great many things of the same type to choose from.
例：At lunchtime, MPs are spoilt for choice in 26 restaurants and bars.到了午餐时间，议员们有 26 家之多的餐厅和酒吧可供选择。
n. 战利品（spoil的复数）；赃物
 - booties, trophies
v. 掠夺（spoil的三单形式）；糟蹋；损坏；宠坏
 - pirates

Word: scoreboard
Front: scoreboard
[ˈskɔ:bɔ:d] (15637/24582)
Back: n. 记分板
分布：记分板(100%)
US ['skɔ:r.bɔ:rd] noun countable
■a large board on which the score of a game is shown 记分板

Word: tendril
Front: tendril
[ˈtendrəl] (15623/21733)
Vocabulary: tendril
(once / 2957 pages)
n
Plants don't have arms or tentacles, but they have something a tiny bit similar: tendrils. Tendrils are thin organs of plants that wrap around other objects for support.
Tendrils are very thin, stem-like appendages that stretch outward from the plant. The main purpose of the tendrils is to support the plant: the tendrils wrap around objects (like a post or fence) to help keep the plant upright, which helps it receive sunlight. Tendrils are an example of how, even without a brain, plants are pretty smart.
WORD FAMILY
tendril: tendrils
USAGE EXAMPLES
Skills added, it was time to weave Alexa’s tendrils into the various devices about my home.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Painting oozes into sculpture in Andrew Hladky’s mainly black pieces, the most unruly of which send tendrils off the canvas and into space.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Steel tendrils climb like overgrown vines, and they loop and pool at floor level.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （植物的）卷须; 卷须状物，卷发
分布：卷须(45%)，卷须状物(30%)，蔓(25%)
→来自中古法语 tendrillon,小枝，新芽，软骨，-ille,小词后缀，来自拉丁语 tendere,延伸，伸长， 词源同 tend,tender.后用于指植物卷须。
noun countable
■a thin, stem-like part of a climbing plant which holds on to walls or other plants for support （攀缘植物的）卷须
n. [植] 卷须；蔓；卷须状物
 - bine, clasper

Word: rigorously
Front: rigorously
['rɪɡərəslɪ] (15520/13742)
Back: adv. 严厉地，残酷地; 严密地
分布：严格地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
(测试、系统或程序)严格的，严密的，缜密的
A test, system, or procedure that is rigorous is very thorough and strict.
例：The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience.选拔过程是基于对能力和经验的严格测试。
例：...a rigorous system of blood analysis.缜密的血液分析系统
ADJ-GRADED
一丝不苟的;严格的;谨慎的
If someone is rigorous in the way that they do something, they are very careful and thorough.
例：He is rigorous in his control of expenditure.他对支出控制得非常严格。
adv. 严厉地；残酷地
 - severely, harshly

Word: subcontractor
Front: subcontractor
[ˌsʌbkənˈtræktə(r)] (15496/17476)
Back: n. 转包商，次承包者
分布：转包商(92%)，次承包商(8%)
→subcontract,分包，-or,人。
US [-kɑ:n.træk.ɚ] noun countable
■a person or company that does part of a job which another person or company is responsible for 转包承揽人；转包商

Word: carver
Front: carver
['kɑ:və] (托 13713/24183)
Back: n. 雕刻师，雕工; 切肉的人; 切肉刀，切肉用具; 卡佛（人名）
分布：雕工(38%)，雕刻匠(23%)，雕刻工具(17%)，切肉用具(11%)，切肉人(11%)
US ['kɑ:r.vɚ] (also electric carver)
noun countable
■a knife which has a blade that is moved very quickly by electricity, and is used for cutting cooked meat 电动切肉刀
n. 切肉刀； [口腔] 雕刻者；切肉的人
 - cleaver, sculpsit

Word: homogeneity
Front: homogeneity
[ˌhɒmədʒəˈni:əti] (宝 15566/16385)
Vocabulary: homogeneity
(once / 15410 pages)
n
Homogeneity is the sameness of things. If you're looking for homogeneity in your wardrobe, you'll want shirts and jeans that all have something similar about them.
Homogeneity can also mean that something is the same throughout. Plain yogurt has a homogeneity about it — it's white all the way through and it should be the same texture throughout. On the other hand, yogurt with fruit at the bottom can be described as having heterogeneity — different textures and different colors. The Greek root homo-, means "same," and genos means "race" or "kind" — so homogeneity is the quality of being "the same kind."
WORD FAMILY
homogeneity: homogeneities+/ homogeneous: homogeneity, homogeneously, homogeneousness, homogenise, homogenize, inhomogeneous/homogenise: homogenisation, homogenised/homogenised: unhomogenised/ homogenize: homogenization, homogenized, homogenizes, homogenizing/homogenized: unhomogenized/homogeny: homogeneous, homogenous /inhomogeneous: inhomogeneity
USAGE EXAMPLES
But because, in encouraging that homogeneity, it locks English soccer — as opposed to the multinational Premier League — in stasis.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The most visible trend in recent awards seasons has to do not with lapels or lace but with the overwhelming homogeneity of nominees.
Time(Nov 30, 2016)
All else equal, homogeneity and solidarity are linked.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 同种，同质，同次性; 一致性; 齐性; 均匀性
分布：同质(82%)，同种(10%)，同次性(8%)
→来自homogenize,同质，同质化处理。
N-UNCOUNT
同种;同质
Homogeneity is the quality of being homogeneous.
例：The government panicked into imposing a kind of cultural homogeneity.政府在恐慌下开始强制实施某种文化统一政策。

Word: terrier
Front: terrier
[ˈteriə(r)] (15534/12179 -1)
Back: n. 小猎狗，一种活泼的小狗; <英俚>本土军士兵; 地产册
分布：一种活泼的小狗(100%)
→来自古法语 chien terrier,土狗，来自 chien,狗，词源同 canine,terrier,土，来自拉丁语 terra,土， 土地。一种小型猎狗，因喜欢把猎物赶到洞里而得名。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a breed of small active dog, originally used for hunting and chasing animals into or out of their underground holes （一种活泼的小狗，最初用于狩猎和将猎物赶进或赶出洞穴）

Word: close-up
Front: close-up
[ˈkləʊs ʌp] (雅 -1)
Back: n. [影视]特写镜头; 〈美俚〉精密观察; 小传
分布：特写镜头(84%)，细致的观察(16%)
US ['kloʊs-] noun countable
■a photograph taken from a short distance that gives a very detailed picture 特写照片；近景照片
• She took a stunning close-up of him. 她给他拍了一张特别棒的特写照片。
n. [电影] 特写镜头，特写；小传
 - bio

Word: altruism
Front: altruism
[ˈæltruɪzəm] (托宝 15638/15309)
Vocabulary: altruism
(once / 3397 pages)
n
If you see a stranger getting beaten up on the playground and you rush in to rescue them, you have done something unselfish to help another person, otherwise known as an act of altruism.
Use the noun altruism to refer to feelings or actions that show an unselfish concern for other people. In science, altruism refers to animal behavior that could be harmful to the animal itself but that contributes to the survival of the animal group. It's related to the adjective altruistic. Someone known for their altruism is an altruist.
WORD FAMILY
altruism: altruisms, altruist+/altruist: altruistic, altruists/ altruistic: altruistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The very nature of the term "getting ahead" implies that it isn't on the same level as altruism.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
But what happens when those extremists who advocate a bizarre morality that elevates selfishness and deplores altruism commandeer one of our two major political parties?
Salon(Dec 11, 2016)
“Altruism and egotism are the same thing,” she says.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 利他主义，无私; 爱他主义; 利人主义
分布：利他(60%)，利他主义(40%)
→alter, 异，他人。-ism, 主义，见Marxist.
【参】altruist（n 无私的人）；altruistic（adj 无私的）
【反】egoism（n 自我主义）；egocentric（n 利己主义者）
noun uncountable
■willingness to do things which bring advantages to other people, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself 利他主义；无私
• She's not known for her altruism. 她并不是一个无私的人。

Word: orphaned
Front: orphaned
[ˈɔ:fənd] (15574/20373)
Back: [计][修]孤立
分布：孤儿(91%)，孤儿的(8%)，成孤儿(1%)
N-COUNT
孤儿
An orphan is a child whose parents are dead.
例：I'm an orphan and pretty much grew up on my own.我是个孤儿，差不多是靠自己长大的。
例：...a young orphan girl brought up by peasants...由农民抚养长大的幼小孤女
V-PASSIVE
使成为孤儿
If a child is orphaned, their parents die, or their remaining parent dies.
例：Jones was orphaned at the age of ten, and taken in by next-door neighbours...琼斯10岁时成为孤儿，被隔壁的邻居收养。
例：By the end of the decade, some ten million children are expected to have been orphaned by the disease.到这个10年结束时，大约1,000万儿童将会因为这种疾病而失去双亲。

Word: unforgiving
Front: unforgiving
[ˌʌnfəˈgɪvɪŋ] (15571/19747)
Back: adj. 不可宽恕的，不能原谅的
分布：不原谅的(75%)，不可宽恕的(25%)
ADJ
不宽容的；不原谅人的
If you describe someone as unforgiving, you mean that they are unwilling to forgive other people.
例：He was an unforgiving man who never forgot a slight...他斤斤计较，很不大度。
例：He finds human foibles endearing, but is unforgiving of pretension.他觉得人性的弱点很可爱，但不能容忍惺惺作态。
ADJ-GRADED
（形势或活动）无情的，难以应付的，不利的
If you describe a situation or activity as unforgiving, you mean that it causes a lot of people to experience great difficulty or failure, even people who deserve to succeed.
例：Business is a competitive activity. It is very fierce and very unforgiving.商场如战场，竞争激烈，不近人情。

Word: sabotage
Front: sabotage
[ˈsæbətɑ:ʒ] (雅宝 11586/14154 -1)
Vocabulary: sabotage
(once / 3488 pages)
nv
Sabotage isn't very nice: It's when you ruin or disrupt something by messing up a part of it on purpose. Loosening the blades on your competitor's ice skates would definitely be considered sabotage.
Sabotage comes from the French word saboter, which literally means “walk noisily.” That's funny, because the last thing you'd want to do when committing an act of sabotage is stomp around and get caught. It’s believed that sabotage came into use in 1910 as a noun, and then later in 1918 as a verb. Apparently, people only became so cruel in the last century or so.
WORD FAMILY
sabotage: sabotaged, sabotages, sabotaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Maduro attempted to outlaw Venezuela’s largest banknote in mid-December, a measure that he said would strike at foreign powers conspiring to sabotage his socialist government.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But at the time, the Obama administration’s fear was that Russia would sabotage voting machines and remove names from voter registration rolls.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
It said the evidence points to human error, not technical problems or sabotage.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: v. 蓄意破坏; 怠工; 对…采取破坏行动，捣乱
n. 破坏活动
时态：sabotaged, sabotaging, sabotages
分布：破坏(92%)，怠工(8%)
→来自法语 sabotage,捣乱，破坏，来自 sabot,木鞋，来自中古法语 savate,旧鞋子，词源同 sabaton, 护脚甲，savate,法国腿踢，ciabatta,拖鞋面包。现词义据说是来自 18，19 世纪机器工业刚兴 起时，手工业者担心机器会抢走他们的饭碗，愤而把木鞋扔进机器里面破坏机器运转。
verb transitive
■to damage or destroy equipment, weapons or buildings in order to prevent the success of an enemy or competitor （为阻止敌人或对手成功而）毁坏，破坏（设备、武器或建筑物）
• The rebels had tried to sabotage the oil pipeline. 叛乱分子曾试图破坏输油管道。
■to intentionally prevent the success of a plan or action 暗中破坏，蓄意破坏（计划或行动）
• This was a deliberate attempt to sabotage the ceasefire. 这是一次蓄意破坏停战的袭击。
vt. 妨害；对…采取破坏行动
 - encumber, incumber
n. 破坏；破坏活动；怠工
 - destruction, breaking, blasting, disruption, demolition

Word: reciprocate
Front: reciprocate
[rɪˈsɪprəkeɪt] (宝 15555/14473 -1)
Vocabulary: reciprocate
(once / 3271 pages)
v
You reciprocate when you return a favor, return a compliment, or respond "the same to you" to the angry guy in the car you just passed. In short, you react to an action, statement, or emotion by mirroring it.
This one comes from the Latin verb reciprocare, meaning to move back and forth. Its root makes it sound as if reciprocate implies only a physical action, but it's also used for the less tangible. If you fail to pay the rent, your landlord might reciprocate by evicting you. If your crush acts like he doesn't know you exist when you pass him in the halls, it's probably safe to say he does not reciprocate your amorous feelings.
WORD FAMILY
reciprocate: reciprocated, reciprocates, reciprocating, reciprocation, reciprocative, reciprocatory+/reciprocated: unreciprocated/reciprocating: nonreciprocating/reciprocation: reciprocations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would be flabbergasted if the Russians didn’t reciprocate and expel 35 American officials from Russia,” Mr. Hall said.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
We couldn’t rectify his inability to reciprocate how I felt.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
When teachers attended performances, the students saw that the empathy was reciprocated.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: vt. 互换，互给; 回报
vi. 往复运动; 互换; 回报; 互给
时态：reciprocated, reciprocating, reciprocates
分布：报答(56%)，互换(30%)，交换(11%)，往返运动(3%)
→来自 reciprocal,互惠的，互利的，-ate,使。引申词义回报。
【记】re反复，cip掉下，ro肉，ate吃：反复掉肉和吃的－回报
【反】reciprocating－moving unidirectionally（单向运动的）
verb
intransitive or transitive formal
■to share the same feelings as someone else, or to behave in the same way as someone else 回报，报答，酬答
• Sadly, my feelings for him were not reciprocated. 很不幸，我为他付出的感情没有得到回报。
• We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated. 我们请他们吃晚餐，一星期后他们回请了我们。
■specialized
■If a part of a machine reciprocates, it moves backwards and forwards （机件）往返运动，沿直线往复移动
• Some electric razors have reciprocating heads. 有些电动剃须刀的刀头是往返运动式的。
vt. 报答；互换；互给
 - return, requite
vi. [机] 往复运动；互换；酬答；互给
 - to and fro motion, alternate motion

Word: euthanasia
Front: euthanasia
[ˌju:θəˈneɪziə] (15511/22014 -1)
Vocabulary: euthanasia
(once / 18526 pages)
n
Euthanasia is the act of causing a person's or animal's death, without inflicting pain, to end suffering, like when a veterinarian performs euthanasia on a dog that is in great pain and has no chance of recovery.
To correctly pronounce euthanasia, remember that it sounds like "youth in Asia." Euthanasia is sometimes referred to as mercy killing, meant to spare a living thing a slow, painful death. Originally a Greek word, euthanasia means "an easy or happy death," as eu- means "good" and thanatos means "death." The use of the word as "legally sanctioned mercy killing" is first recorded in English in 1869.
WORD FAMILY
euthanasia: euthanasias
USAGE EXAMPLES
The city Parks Department said euthanasia would be more humane.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Euthanasia is legal in Belgium, and eight years ago Vervoort signed the papers which will, eventually, allow a doctor to end her life.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
More than 5,500 people were killed by the Dutch euthanasia practice last year.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 安乐死; 安然去世，无苦痛的死亡
→eu-, 好的。-than, 完成，死亡，词源同finish, thanatology. 字母f, th音变参照fume, thyme.
noun uncountable
■the act of killing someone who is very ill or very old so that they do not suffer any more 安乐死
• Although some people campaign for the right to euthanasia, it is still illegal in most countries. 尽管有些人发起运动争取安乐死的权利，但在大多数国家中实施安乐死仍是违法行为。
n. [医] 安乐死；安乐死术
 - mercy killing

Word: cracking
Front: cracking
[ˈkrækɪŋ] (15550/11674 -1)
Back: adj. 优秀的; 美妙的; 分裂的; 极快的
adv. 非常; 极其
n. 破裂; 分馏; [化]裂化
v. 打开( crack的现在分词); （使…）开裂; 说（笑话）; 开瓶
分布：分解(16%)，分裂(12%)，很美的(12%)，很美地(12%)，很好的(12%)，很快的(12%)，很好地(12%)，很快地(12%)
→来自crack的俚语词义。参照口语fucking good, 极好的。
UK informal
adjective
■extremely good 极好的；出色的
• He scored with a cracking shot into the back of the goal. 他一脚漂亮的射门，将球踢入网底。
• The marathon began at a cracking (= very fast) pace. 马拉松赛开始时选手们步履轻捷。
adj. 重大的；敏捷的；出色的
 - important, significant, great, cool, sharp
adv. 非常；极其
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
n. 破裂；分馏
 - fracture, rhexis
v. 破裂；打开；变声（crack的ing形式）
 - opening, unwrapping

Word: solicitation
Front: solicitation
[səˌlɪsɪ'təɪʃn] (15553/38213)
Vocabulary: solicitation
(once / 2272 pages)
n
Solicitation is a request for something, usually money. If you buy a fancy new house, expect a phone call from the local charity with a solicitation for a donation.
Solicitation comes from solicit, which means "to request," or "to entreat." So solicitation is the act of requesting. There are three kinds of solicitation. One is asking for money, as when your solicitation to your parents to buy you a car. The second is when a prostitute solicits potential customers. The last is when you make a plea to someone with power, to grant a request or favor, like your solicitation to the traffic judge to dismiss your ticket.
WORD FAMILY
solicitation: solicitations+/ solicit: solicitation, solicited, soliciting, solicitor, solicits/solicited: unsolicited / solicitor: solicitors, solicitorship/solicitorship: solicitorships/ unsolicited: unsolicitedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If convicted of solicitation to commit first-degree murder, she could be sentenced up to 20 years.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
A Clarksville city ordinance passed in October has made solicitation and hand-to-hand transactions on the side of the road illegal.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Last year, when the Army issued solicitations for a new edition of the common ground system, it specifically excluded Palantir and other off-the-shelf providers.
Washington Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 诱惑; 揽货; 恳切地要求; 游说
分布：恳求(60%)，教唆(40%)
N-VAR
请求(给予金钱、帮助、支援等);(意见的)征求
Solicitation is the act of asking someone for money, help, support, or an opinion.
例：Republican leaders are making open solicitation of the Italian-American vote...共和党领袖公开向意大利裔美国人拉选票。
例：The new measures are aimed at cutting back on intrusive telephone solicitations.新措施旨在减少不请自来的电话调查。
n. 恳求；教唆；诱惑
 - prayer, suit

Word: ballerina
Front: ballerina
[ˌbæləˈri:nə] (宝 15542/21336 -1)
Vocabulary: ballerina
(once / 7265 pages)
n
A girl or woman who dances professionally with a ballet is a ballerina. The lead dancer in "The Nutcracker" is a ballerina.
It's more common to call a female dancer a "ballet dancer" than a ballerina these days. Historically, the term ballerina was saved for the very best female solo dancers in a ballet company, similar to the word diva in opera. In French, you call a female dancer a danseuse, and while the word ballerina means "dancing girl" in Italian, it's more accepted to use the word danzatrice in Italy.
WORD FAMILY
ballerina: ballerinas
USAGE EXAMPLES
I’ve heard old dancers say that a ballerina should leave “essences” of herself in the air as she moves on; these women certainly did.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One ad featured a smiling young woman with the headline: “A ballerina yesterday. An engineer today.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Bening walks this delicate line with the skill of a beatnik ballerina.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （意大利语）芭蕾舞女演员（尤指演主角的）
分布：芭蕾舞女演员(100%)
noun countable
■a female ballet dancer 芭蕾舞女演员，芭蕾舞伶

Word: aviator
Front: aviator
[ˈeɪvieɪtə(r)] (托 15541/25987)
Vocabulary: aviator
(once / 2347 pages)
n
An aviator is a pilot. Every aircraft you see in the sky has an aviator in it.
Aviation is the science that makes airplanes and other vehicles that fly through the air. An aviator is someone who flies one of those vehicles. This is kind of an old-fashioned word: these days, you're much more likely to hear aviators referred to as pilots. Some aviators work for airlines, while others own private planes. Helicopters and blimps have aviators too.
WORD FAMILY
aviator: aviators+/aviate: aviated, aviating, aviation, aviator
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was wearing aviator sunglasses, like a proper pilot should, while I squinted at the bright morning sky.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
The other teams affected by Tuesday’s news are the Ohio Aviators, the Sacramento Express and the San Diego Breakers.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Off the course he was a businessman, aviator and philanthropist.
Golf Digest(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. <旧>飞机驾驶员，飞行员
分布：飞行员(100%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable old-fashioned
■an aircraft pilot 飞行员
• Amy Johnson was a pioneering aviator who made record-breaking flights to Australia and South Africa in the 1930s. 艾美‧约翰逊是一位飞行先驱，她在20世纪30年代完成了到澳大利亚和南非的飞行，打破了前人的纪录。
n. [航] 飞行员
 - pilot, amn

Word: Washington-based

Word: roofing
Front: roofing
[ˈru:fɪŋ] (15657/15799)
Back: n. 屋顶盖法; 铺屋面
分布：屋顶材料(78%)，动词roof的现在分词形式.(22%)
noun uncountable
■material used for making roofs 盖屋顶的材料，屋面材料
• Slates, tiles and shingles are roofing materials. 石板瓦、瓦和木瓦都是盖屋顶的材料。
■the job or process of putting roofs on new buildings or repairing damaged roofs 盖屋顶，维修屋顶（为新建筑物盖屋顶或维修损坏屋顶的工作或过程）
n. 屋顶；盖屋顶；屋顶盖法
 - housetop
v. 给…盖上顶；遮蔽（roof的ing形式）
 - screening

Word: glassy
Front: glassy
[ˈglɑ:si] (托 15665/16151)
Vocabulary: glassy
(once / 2188 pages)
1adj 2adj
If your eyes are glassy, they're lifeless, glazed and emotionless. A stuffed teddy bear has glassy eyes, and so does an overtired toddler.
You might spend a glassy-eyed hour every morning before you've completely woken up and are ready to start your day. You can also describe shiny, glossy substances as glassy: "The glassy surface of the ice-covered sidewalk made her walk with tiny, careful steps." Glassy comes from the Old English glæs, "glass," and its Proto-Indo-European root ghel-, "to shine."
WORD FAMILY
glassy: glassier, glassiest, glassily+/ glass: glass-like, glassed, glassful, glassing, glassless, glassy /glassful: glassfuls
USAGE EXAMPLES
After estimating sulfur's crystallization rate, they could then compare how much was preserved in the glassy blobs to the amount of uranium.
Science Magazine(Nov 30, 2016)
Jeff Barker sat on the curb outside a shelter Tuesday afternoon, his eyes bloodshot and glassy with tears.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Seattle is crane city, a tech-fueled construction site of glassy high-rises.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 似玻璃的; 像玻璃一样光滑的; （眼神）呆滞的; 无生气的
adv. （目光）呆滞地，无生气地
级别：glassier, glassiest
分布：如镜的(53%)，呆滞的(47%)
US ['glæs.i] adjective
SURFACE 表面 literary
■describes a surface which is smooth and shiny, like glass （表面）光亮的，光滑的
• a glassy sea/lake 明净的海面／湖面
UK ['glɑ:.si] US ['glæs.i] adjective
EYES 眼睛（的）
■describes a person's eyes when they have a fixed expression and seem unable to see anything （目光）呆滞的，木然的
• Her eyes were glassy and her skin pale. 她目光呆滞，面色苍白。
adj. 像玻璃的；光亮透明的；呆滞的
 - dull, inert

Word: encryption
Front: encryption
[ɪn'krɪpʃn] (15642/-)
Vocabulary: encryption
(once / 21807 pages)
n
Encryption is the process of translating something into a code, so that data is protected, hidden, or concealed. Encryption makes it difficult for hackers to steal people's credit card numbers.
If there's information worth stealing, encryption is used to protect it — especially when it comes to computer or electronic data that holds financial, private, or dangerous material. Governments use encryption to hide classified information, and banks use it to protect their customers' money and other data. Crypt- has been used to mean "secret or hidden" since the 1700s, and it comes from a Greek root, kryptos, "hidden or concealed."
WORD FAMILY
encrypt: encrypted, encrypting, encryption, encrypts+/ crypt: crypts, encrypt
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, WhatsApp also offers encryption, and borrowed the basic code wholesale from Signal.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
On Thursday, Germany's cyber security authority criticized Yahoo for failing to adopt adequate encryption techniques and advised German consumers to switch to other email providers.
Reuters(Dec 18, 2016)
Technically, those passwords should be secure; Yahoo said they were scrambled twice — once by encryption and once by another technique called hashing.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 编密码; 加密
分布：加密(100%)
VERB
把…编码;把…加密
If a document or piece of information is encrypted, it is written in a special code, so that only certain people can read it.
例：Account details are encrypted to protect privacy.账户资料被加密，以保护隐私。
例：...a program that will encrypt the information before sending.在发送前会对信息进行加密的程序
n. [计] 加密；加密术
 - encipherment

Word: scathing
Front: scathing
[ˈskeɪðɪŋ] (宝 15580/13730 -1)
Vocabulary: scathing
(once / 4208 pages)
adj
Scathing means witheringly harsh. If you enter a singing contest and the judge says that your singing is like that of a toad with laryngitis, that is scathing criticism.
Scathing comes from an old Norse verb, to scathe, which means to injure by fire or lighting. Now we use it when someone’s critique is so harsh that it feels like you've been burned. If your best friend turns against you and advertises your faults to the world, and you feel like everyone is staring and talking about you, you are having a scathing experience.
WORD FAMILY
scathing: scathingly+/scathe: scathes, scathing, unscathed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Through scathing glances at bigotry and class hierarchy, Jude conjures a world in flux and connects that world, unforgettably, to our own.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Justice Department issued a scathing report highlighting a culture of aggression within the police force.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Very little assistance from them, but scathing insults and criticism.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （言词、文章）严厉的，尖刻的; 不留情的
adv. 严厉地，尖刻地
v. <诗>伤害，损害（尤指使之枯萎）( scathe的现在分词)
分布：严厉的(60%)，尖刻的(36%)，动词scathe的现在分词形式.(4%)
→来自 scathe,伤害，损伤，-ing,形容词后缀。引申词义严厉批评的。
【记】源于：scathe（v 烧伤；严厉指责）sca＝scar，the－烧伤的伤疤s死，cat猫，he：他的猫死了－烧伤而死sca读：死该＝该死，thing－做了该死的事情－苛刻严厉批评的
【反】calmly complimentary（冷静赞扬的）；politely cooperative（礼貌合作的）
adjective
■severely and unkindly critical 严厉批评的，尖刻斥责的
• scathing criticism 严厉的批评
• He was very scathing about the report, saying it was inaccurate. 他严厉批评了这份报告，说它不够正确。
adj. 严厉的；损伤的
 - severe, tight, hard, harsh, rigorous
v. 损伤；伤害（scathe的ing形式）
 - hurting

Word: malady
Front: malady
[ˈmælədi] (托 15568/22759)
Vocabulary: malady
(once / 976 pages)
n
A malady is an illness, like a malady that keeps you home, sick in bed for days, or something that causes you to have trouble or to suffer, like jet lag — a malady that affects travelers.
Malady, pronounced "MAL-uh-dee," comes from the Latin words male, meaning "bad or ill" and habitus for "have, hold." When you have a malady, it is like something bad is holding you, such as an illness — the common cold: a malady of winter. Some bad habits cause maladies, such as never having any money — the malady of people who spend freely, not thinking of the future.
WORD FAMILY
malady: maladies
USAGE EXAMPLES
This emerging cancer treatment holds great promise in the efforts to fight the so-called Emperor of All Maladies.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
When Americans address social maladies through community efforts, we do more than improve our neighborhoods.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
But as cultural historian Jonathan Lamb's intriguing Scurvy reveals, there is vastly more to this malady.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. （制度或机构的）弊病，弊端; 疾病; 病症; 弊害
分布：病(61%)，疾病(30%)，弊病(9%)
→来自古法语malade,病的，病态的，来自拉丁语male habitus,感觉病恹恹的，情况不好的，来自male,坏的，habitus,持，握，习惯，词源同habit,habitable.引申词义坏习惯，痼疾，疾病等。
noun countable formal
DISEASE 疾病
■a disease 病，疾病
• All the rose bushes seem to be suffering from the same mysterious malady. 所有的玫瑰丛似乎都得了同一种怪病。
['mæl.ə.di] noun countable formal
PROBLEM 问题
■a problem within a system or organization （系统或组织内部的）问题，弊病
• Apathy is one of the maladies of modern society. 冷漠是现代社会的弊病之一。
n. 弊病；疾病；腐败
 - corruption, sickness, complaint

Word: cardinal
Front: cardinal
[ˈkɑ:dɪnl] (研托雅宝 15572/7343 -2)
Vocabulary: cardinal
(once / 188 pages)
1n 2adj 3adjn 4n 5n
In Catholicism, a cardinal is a high-ranking bishop. In math, you use cardinal numbers to count. A cardinal rule is one that is central and should not be broken.
Okay, that's a lot of definitions. How exactly are they related? In all cases, cardinal means central or essential. It's a cardinal principle that you use it to describe words of behavior like rule or sin. In the Church, cardinals form the central governing body, and in math the cardinal numbers (one, two, three) are the numbers you learn and use first.
WORD FAMILY
cardinal: cardinality, cardinally, cardinals, cardinalship+/cardinalship: cardinalships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Good sense says the New England Patriots did not need to sign receiver Michael Floyd when the Cardinals released him a few weeks ago.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Floyd was acquired last month after the Cardinals released him following a DUI arrest in Arizona.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Stanford: The Cardinal is struggling to defend the perimeter and the dribble drive.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 基数; 红衣主教; 大红色，深红色; 女式斗篷
adj. 基本的，最重要的; 大红色的，深红色的
分布：基数(47%)，红衣主教(21%)，主要的(13%)，深红色的(8%)，北美红雀(6%)，鲜红色(5%)
→来自拉丁词cardo, 铰链，枢纽，来自PIE *sker, 转，旋，词源同ring,curve. 常与其另一个记义心脏相混淆。
n.(天主教的)红衣主教a.首要的,基本的This is a matter of cardinal importance.这是非常重要的事.
【源】原指：红衣主教（高级宗教官员，级别仅低于教皇），引申为重要的意思。
【记】card心脏－是人体最重要的器官
【参】cardiologist（n 心脏病专家）
【反】minor（adj 次要的）
US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
PRIEST 神职人员
■a priest of very high rank in the Roman Catholic Church （罗马天主教会的）枢机主教，红衣主教
• Cardinals elect and advise the Pope. 枢机主教推选教宗并担当教宗的顾问。
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
NUMBER 数字 (also cardinal number)
■a number which represents amount, such as 1, 2, 3, rather than order, such as 1st, 2nd, 3rd 基数 Compare ordinal (number)
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] noun countable
BIRD 鸟
■a North American bird, the male of which has bright red feathers 红衣凤头鸟（见于北美，雄鸟有鲜红色的羽毛）
UK ['kɑ:.dɪ.nəl] US ['kɑ:r-] adjective [before noun]
■of great importance; main 极重要的；基本的；主要的
• a cardinal rule/error/sin 基本规则／根本错误／严重过失
adj. 主要的，基本的；深红色的
 - primary, elementary, major, fundamental, basic
n. 红衣主教；枢机主教；鲜红色
 - conclavist, red hat

Word: soulful
Front: soulful
[ˈsəʊlfl] (15535/34141 -1)
Back: adj. 充满深情的; 感情上的; 高尚的
分布：深情的(74%)，充满感情的(26%)
US ['soʊl-] adjective
DEEP FEELINGS 深情
■expressing deep feelings, often sadness 深情的；凄婉的
• a soulful performance/ballad 深情的表演／凄婉的情歌
• The dog looked at me with its big soulful brown eyes. 那只狗睁着它那棕色的大眼睛，深情地看着我。
UK ['səʊl.fəl] US ['soʊl-] adjective
BLACK CULTURE 黑人文化 US having a deep understanding of and proud of black culture 黑人文化情感（对黑人文化的认同和自豪）
adj. 感情上的；高尚的；充满精神的
 - magnificent, noble

Word: quandary
Front: quandary
[ˈkwɒndəri] (托宝 15583/21357)
Vocabulary: quandary
(once / 6933 pages)
n
How to define the word quandary? Wow, this is quite a dilemma. What to do, what to do? Hmmm. Looks like this moment itself is a quandary: a tough situation that will be really hard to resolve.
If you’re uncertain what to do because all of your options seem unpleasant, you’re probably in a quandary. Some voters find themselves in a quandary when they dislike all of the candidates. A more common quandary is when you plan two events at the same time and can’t decide which one to attend. Some synonyms are predicament, dilemma, plight, and pickle — and choosing which word to use is a quandary in itself.
WORD FAMILY
quandary: quandaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is not the whole problem, but it is a major contributor to Metro’s financial quandary.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
There’s a strange quandary, then, for the development of certain vaccines.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Such is the quandary John Daly finds himself in after this weekend's show.
Golf Digest(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 窘困; 不知所措; 左右为难
分布：为难(53%)，困惑(42%)，迷惑(5%)
→来自拉丁语quando,何时，什么时候，哪天，来自qui,谁，如何，该，来自kwo,疑问代词词干，词源同quality,quantity,who,how.引申词义没所握，困境，进退两难。-and,现在分词。
【记】quan圈，dary：想象唐僧在悟空画的圈里面想救人又怕白骨精吃了的心理状态－进退两难。
【反】state of complete certain（完全确定状态）
US ['kwɑ:n-] noun countable usually singular
■a state of not being able to decide what to do about a situation in which you are involved 困境；犹豫不决
• I've had two job offers, and I'm in a real quandary about/over which one to accept. 我有两个工作机会，但不知该接受哪个，真是左右为难。
n. 困惑；窘境；为难
 - corner, confusion

Word: standardization
Front: standardization
[ˌstændədaɪ'zeɪʃn] (15351/22322)
Back: n. 标准化; 标定; 规格化; 规范化
分布：标准化(99%)，用标准校验(1%)
VERB
使标准化;使合乎标准
To standardize things means to change them so that they all have the same features.
例：There is a drive both to standardise components and to reduce the number of models on offer...正在为实现零部件标准化和减少推出的型号数量而努力。
例：He feels standardized education does not benefit those children who are either below or above average intelligence.他认为标准化教育对那些智力水平低于或超出平均水平的儿童没有好处。
n. [标准] 标准化； [数] 规格化；校准
 - regulation, calibration, alignment

Word: standstill
Front: standstill
[ˈstændstɪl] (宝 15581/11241 -1)
Vocabulary: standstill
(once / 2093 pages)
n
When anything comes to a standstill, it stops moving, either literally coming to a motionless stop, or ceasing to make any progress.
If you and your brother try to agree on what kind of pizza to order, but your negotiations come to a standstill, it means that neither one of you will budge or compromise, and you've reached a dead end. During rush hour on a busy highway, traffic often comes to a standstill — it simply stops. This "cessation of movement" meaning came first.
WORD FAMILY
standstill: standstills
USAGE EXAMPLES
That autumn, equine flu brought US cities to a standstill.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Lines of cars at a standstill, and, at the end, there’s me.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
That protection was codified in October 2006, after a wave of worker protests and wildcat strikes that summer brought garment production to a standstill.
Slate(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 停顿; 停止，停滞
adj. 停顿的，停滞的; 引起停顿的; 造成停滞的
分布：停顿(100%)
→stand,站立，still,停止，静止。
noun only singular
■a condition in which all movement or activity has stopped 静止；停顿；停滞
• The runaway bus eventually came to a standstill when it rolled into a muddy field. 失控的大巴士驶入了泥泞的田里，最后停了下来。
• Fighting and shortages have brought normal life to a virtual standstill in the city. 战火和物资短缺使这座城市的日常生活濒临瘫痪。
n. 停顿；停止
 - stop, stay

Word: second-floor

Word: mightily
Front: mightily
[ˈmaɪtɪli] (15588/20037)
Back: adv. 强烈地，非常地
分布：非常(60%)，强有力地(40%)
→来自might,强大力量，威力。
US [-tˌɪ-] formal
adverb
■with great effort 竭尽全力地
• He spent ten years struggling mightily with the bureaucracy. 他与官僚体制顽强地抗争了十年。
adv. 强烈地，激烈地；非常地
 - strongly, considerably, intensely, remarkably

Word: jiggle
Front: jiggle
[ˈdʒɪgl] (15673/24299)
Vocabulary: jiggle
(once / 18761 pages)
vn
To jiggle is to move very quickly back and forth or up and down. If you ride in a car over bumpy roads holding a bowl of Jello on your lap, you can watch it jiggle until you reach your destination.
You might feel your body jiggle when you ride on a galloping horse, and you can also jiggle something, like when you accidentally jiggle a chess board and send the pieces flying. The action of moving in this way is a jiggle. Jiggle comes from jig, "lively dance," and is probably an alteration of the earlier joggle, "move with jerks or small bobs."
WORD FAMILY
jiggle: jiggled, jiggles, jiggling
USAGE EXAMPLES
A motor causes the thin, upright metal rods of Mike Shaffer’s “Ocean Motion” to jiggle and sway.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Transfer the pan to the oven and bake until the cake is almost set but jiggles slightly in the center, 2 to 3 minutes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“No breasts bounce in space, no jiggling in the Empire,” Fisher snickered, as quoted in Jones’s book.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 轻摇，抖动
vt. 坐立不安
n. 轻摇
时态：jiggled, jiggling, jiggles
分布：轻摇(50%)，微动(50%)
→来自jig,摇摆，晃动，-le,表反复。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to move from side to side or up and down with quick short movements, or to make something do this （使）上下急动，（使）左右摇摆，抖动
• If the door won't open, try jiggling the key in the lock. 如果门打不开，就把锁匙在锁里晃动一下试试。
n. 轻摇；微动
 - microinching
vt. 轻摇
 - frisk

Word: syntax
Front: syntax
[ˈsɪntæks] (15676/8280)
Vocabulary: syntax
(once / 4269 pages)
n
One of the hardest things about learning a new language is figuring out the syntax, or the basic rules for the way that words and phrases should be arranged in a sentence in order for it to make sense.
Syntax isn't necessarily something you think about when you're speaking, but the order of words in a sentence can make a huge difference to its meaning. If you aren't convinced, try telling a waiter that you'd like "a slice of dessert for cake." And then, as the waiter stands there looking confused, try explaining that you don't think "important is very syntax."
WORD FAMILY
syntax: syntactic, syntactical, syntaxes+/syntactic: syntactically
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the test involves only words, so it’s like two people texting, reduced to syntax.
Time(Dec 05, 2016)
In a state of constant confusion, and with a tenuous grasp of English syntax, he was invariably the target of Basil's rages.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
The syntax, in which sentences are composed in a continuous circle, is unlike anything she’s ever seen.
Salon(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: n. 句法; 句法规则[分析]; 语构; 语法
分布：句法(100%)
→syn-,一起，-tax,接触，安排，词源同 tactics,tax,taxidermy.用于语法格指句法，句法规则。
['sɪn.tæks] specialized
noun uncountable
■the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence 句法；句子结构
n. 语法； [计] [语] 句法；有秩序的排列
 - grammar, phraseology

Word: maturation
Front: maturation
[ˌmætʃuˈreɪʃn] (六 15645/16585)
Vocabulary: maturation
(once / 25583 pages)
n
Maturation is the process that a living thing goes through as it ages and becomes ripe or fully developed. Things that go through maturation include soybeans, antelope, bourbon, frogs, magnolia trees, the human sex drive, peaches, and much more.
As something becomes mature it goes through maturation. To be mature is to be ripe, ready, and fully grown. Some natural maturation processes are easy to identify, like the duration of a fruit fly’s development from egg to adult, but others are more difficult to pinpoint. For instance, you may know some people who, despite having passed their fortieth birthdays, seem to have missed that bit of maturation that would keep them from calling their friends toilet-themed nicknames.
WORD FAMILY
maturation: maturational +/ immature: immaturely, immatureness, immaturity / immaturity: immaturities/maturate: maturates, maturating, maturation / mature: immature, maturate, matured, maturely, maturement, matureness, maturer, matures, maturest, maturing, maturity / maturity: maturities, post-maturity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Crisp admits the next step in the maturation process is being able to contribute when his shot isn’t falling.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Unfolding with a minimum of dialogue, Francisca’s maturation from watcher to doer would be laughable if performed with less nuance or photographed with less originality.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
They found similar and additional proteins connected to growth, development, and maturation, they report today in eLife.
Science Magazine(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 化脓，成熟
分布：成熟(98%)，化脓(2%)
→来自mature,成熟，-ation,状态后缀。用于指成熟过程。
US [-jʊ-] noun uncountable formal
DEVELOP MENTALLY 精神上发展 mainly approving
■the process of becoming completely developed mentally or emotionally （心智发展的）成熟过程
UK [ˌmæt.jʊə'reɪ.ʃən] US [-jʊ-] noun uncountable formal
GROW PHYSICALLY 身体上成长
■the process of becoming completely grown physically 成熟过程
n. [生物] 成熟；化脓；生殖细胞之形成
 - ripeness, purulency

Word: thirty-eight
Front: thirty-eight
None None
Back: 三十八
分布：三十八(100%)

Word: canteen
Front: canteen
[kænˈti:n] (高研四六雅 15582/7069 -1)
Vocabulary: canteen
(once / 2344 pages)
1n 2n
A canteen is a store that sells food and drink at an institution like a camp, college, or military base. A canteen can also be a small container used to carry water to drink.
If you’re at summer camp, you can buy snacks at the canteen. This kind of canteen is a little shop. At the canteen, you can buy little things like potato chips or a can opener. A canteen is like a convenience store. The other kind of canteen is good if you’re going on a hike — fill it up with water and put it in your backpack, since there probably aren’t any of those other kinds of canteens out in the woods.
WORD FAMILY
canteen: canteens
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was sitting in a hospital canteen with my father.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
A few minutes drive away, there's an open-air canteen on a building site.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Her government serves hundreds of thousands of subsidized meals each day at “Amma canteens” and offers discounts on medicine at “Amma pharmacies.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 小卖部; 食堂，小饭馆; 水罐; 餐具盒，炊具箱
分布：食堂(83%)，水壶(17%)
→来自词根cant, 弯，转，角落，词源同decant, canton. 原指角落小商店。
n.(工厂,办公室等)食堂或小卖部The teenagers in the canteen are keen to see the queen sitting between the green screens in the greenhouse.食堂里的少年们巴望见到坐在温室里的绿色屏风间的女王.
noun countable
RESTAURANT 餐馆
 ADVANCED
■a place in a factory, office, etc. where food and meals are sold, often at a lower than usual price 食堂，餐厅，饮食部
[kæn'ti:n] noun countable
KITCHEN EQUIPMENT 厨房设备 UK (a small flat case containing) a complete set of knives, forks and spoons （装有一整套刀、叉和勺的）餐具盒；一整套餐具
• We're giving them a canteen of cutlery as a wedding present. 我们会送给他们一盒餐具作为结婚礼物。
[kæn'ti:n] noun countable
CONTAINER 容器
■a small container for carrying water or another drink, used especially by soldiers or travellers （尤指士兵或旅行者用的）水壶
n. 食堂，小卖部；水壶
 - mess, refectory

Word: montage
Front: montage
[ˌmɒnˈtɑ:ʒ] (宝 15549/25648)
Vocabulary: montage
(once / 18212 pages)
n
Romantic comedies always seem to include a montage of scenes showing the main characters falling in love while sharing a hot dog, playfully throwing snowballs at each other, and taking a romantic ride on a boat. A montage is a film sequence made up of many short scenes edited together.
A montage is a kind of collage, often assembled from many different movie scenes, resulting in a single overall theme or image. You can also make a montage of photographs or music, editing or pasting together various bits to form one continuous whole. In the movie business, the word montage was originally used to mean "edit," the process of cutting and pasting pieces of film together to form a finished product.
WORD FAMILY
montage: montages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their stories are accompanied by montages of period photos intended to create an air of credence.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
My memories of those months are a softly lit montage of romance and adventure.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
In their montage, they managed to squeeze every major pop hit of 2016 into a musical collage that runs just three minutes long.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 蒙太奇; （电影、电视的）镜头组接; 合成画; 叠化剪辑
分布：蒙太奇(70%)，剪辑(21%)，拼集的照片(5%)，混成画(2%)，运用或结合用蒙太奇手法的(2%)
→来自法语montage,安装，镶嵌，嵌入，词源同mount,mountain.原为建筑学术语，一种建筑装配风格，后用于指电影的剪辑手法。
【记】外来语montage就读成蒙太奇
US ['mɑ:n-] noun countable or uncountable
■a piece of work produced by combining smaller parts, or the process of making such a work 蒙太奇，剪辑；蒙太奇手法
• The ads feature a montage of images - people surfing, playing football and basketball. 这些广告是一组剪辑在一起的影像——人们在冲浪、踢足球和打篮球。

Word: epidemiologist
Front: epidemiologist
[ˌepɪˌdi:mɪ'ɒlədʒɪst] (15563/39784)
Vocabulary: epidemiologist
(once / 19440 pages)
n
An epidemiologist is a doctor who specializes in the patterns of diseases that spread between people. Epidemiologists study things like the causes and treatment of lung disease, for example.
If you're interested in public health or communicable illnesses, you might decide to be an epidemiologist one day. An epidemiologist might study the spread of a strain of the flu, or investigate the causes of a measles outbreak. Epidemiologist comes from epidemiology, "the study of epidemics," which has a Greek root: epidemios, "among the people."
WORD FAMILY
epidemiologist: epidemiologists+/epidemiologic: epidemiologically/ epidemiology: epidemiologic, epidemiological, epidemiologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
Columbus Public Health plans to hire a part-time epidemiologist next year to monitor neighborhood violence.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
But she was able to reach an epidemiologist at CDC’s parasitics diseases branch.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
In 2009, the state Health Department implemented a way to ease the counting burden on county epidemiologists overwhelmed by thousands of investigations.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 流行病学家
分布：流行病学家(100%)
[见上,-logist...学者]流行病学者[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]

Word: strengthening
Front: strengthening
['streŋθənɪŋ] (15545/15374)
Back: n. 加固
v. 加强，巩固( strengthen的现在分词 )
分布：加固(98%)，动词strength的现在分词.(2%)
VERB
巩固(地位);增强，加强(实力)
If something strengthens a person or group or if they strengthen their position, they become more powerful and secure, or more likely to succeed.
例：...the new constitution, which strengthens the government and enables it to balance and check the powers of parliament and president...巩固了政府的地位并使其能够制衡国会和总统权力的新宪法
例：To strengthen his position in Parliament, he held talks with leaders of the Peasant Party...为巩固其在国会中的地位，他曾与农民党的领导人进行多次会谈。
VERB
支持，强化(论点或论据);使更有说服力
If something strengthens a case or argument, it supports it by providing more reasons or evidence for it.
例：He does not seem to be familiar with research which might have strengthened his own arguments.他对那些本可以为他的观点提供佐证的研究似乎并不熟悉。
V-ERG
(使)(经济、工业)坚挺，壮大;(使)(货币)升值
If a currency, economy, or industry strengthens, or if something strengthens it, it increases in value or becomes more successful.
例：The dollar strengthened against most other currencies...美元相对大多数其他货币都升值了。
例：If the Government wants to save the Pound it should start by strengthening the British economy.如果政府想让英镑保值，那么首先就应该加强英国的经济。
V-ERG
加强，加大(法律、措施)的力度;(使)变得更严格
If a government strengthens laws or measures or if they strengthen, they are made more severe.
例：I am also looking urgently at how we can strengthen the law...我也在急切地关注我们该如何加强法制。
例：Community leaders want to strengthen controls at external frontiers...社区领导想要加强对小区外围的管理。
VERB
增强(决心或毅力);使更具信心;使更加坚定
If something strengthens you or strengthens your resolve or character, it makes you more confident and determined.
例：Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones...任何经历都能使你从中受益并让你变得坚强，而那些比较艰难的经历尤其如此。
例：This merely strengthens our resolve to win the league...这只会更加坚定我们赢得联赛的决心。
V-ERG
增进(关系或联系);(使)变得更紧密
If something strengthens a relationship or link, or if a relationship or link strengthens, it makes it closer and more likely to last for a long time.
例：It will draw you closer together, and it will strengthen the bond of your relationship...这将使你们走得更近，并将增进你们之间的关系。
例：His visit is intended to strengthen ties between the two countries...他此次访问旨在增进两国间的关系。
V-ERG
加强，加深(印象、感情、信念);(使)变得比较深刻;(使)坚定
If something strengthens an impression, feeling, or belief, or if it strengthens, it becomes greater or affects more people.
例：His speech strengthens the impression he is the main power in the organization...他的演讲让人更加确信他才是该组织的主心骨。
例：Every day of sunshine strengthens the feelings of optimism...每天晒太阳让人心情更加开朗。
VERB
增强(体质);使强健
If something strengthens your body or a part of your body, it makes it healthier, often in such a way that you can move or carry heavier things.
例：Cycling is good exercise. It strengthens all the muscles of the body...骑自行车是一项不错的锻炼方式。它能使身体各部分的肌肉更强健。
例：Yoga can be used to strengthen the immune system.瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。
VERB
加强，加固(物体或结构)
If something strengthens an object or structure, it makes it able to be treated roughly or able to support heavy weights, without being damaged or destroyed.
例：The builders will have to strengthen the existing joists with additional timber.施工人员将不得不另外用木料加固现有的托梁。
VERB
(风、水流等)增大，增强
If the wind, current, or other force strengthens, it becomes faster or more powerful.
例：As it strengthened the wind was veering southerly...风越刮越大，逐渐转为南风。
例：There was a short sharp shower followed by a strengthening breeze.一场短时强阵雨后风势渐长。
n. 加强；加固；加固件
 - reinforcement, armoure

Word: lopsided
Front: lopsided
[ˌlɒpˈsaɪdɪd] (宝 15586/32640)
Vocabulary: lopsided
(once / 7928 pages)
adj
Something that's lopsided is crooked or off-balance, like your grandma's lopsided hat, which sits askew on her head.
You can use the adjective lopsided to describe things that are crooked or asymmetrical. A bad toothache might cause one side of your jaw to swell, leaving your face feeling — and looking — lopsided. Your might say that your school's student council election is lopsided if one candidate is clearly more qualified than the other. The word lopsided was originally lapsided, and in the early 1700s it almost always referred to a tilting ship.
WORD FAMILY
lopsided: lopsidedest, lopsidedly, lopsidedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
They beat the Tar Heels by 31 last season, which was their most lopsided win in series history.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Del Rio sees no reason for Oakland’s confidence to be shattered despite the loss of Carr and the lopsided defeat.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Sunday’s lopsided win at Carolina brought Quinn’s message into focus.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 不平等的; 两侧不匀称[不平衡]的，向一侧歪斜的; 畸
分布：不平衡的(74%)，倾向一方的(26%)
→lop,垂下，耷拉，side,边。即向一侧倾斜的。
【记】lop（v 砍伐；v 下垂）；sided边：向一边倾斜的。
【反】even handed（平衡）
US [ˌlɑ:p-] adjective
■with one side bigger, higher, etc. than the other; not equally balanced 不平衡的，向一侧倾斜的
• a charming, lopsided grin 迷人的撇嘴一笑
adj. 不平衡的，倾向一方的
 - imbalanced, out-of-balance

Word: resolutely
Front: resolutely
['rezəlu:tlɪ] (15590/11539)
Vocabulary: resolutely
(once / 926 pages)
adv
When you do something resolutely, you are determined to make it happen. If you resolutely sit down and do your math homework, you'll work hard at it until it's done.
The adverb resolutely is perfect for describing something you do in a strong, purposeful way. You might resolutely decide to clean your room, and immediately make your bed and start filling up a garbage bag. Strangely, the original meaning of resolutely and its adjective form, resolute, was almost completely opposite to its meaning now: it meant "dissolved, or of loose structure," from a Latin root word, resolvere, "untie, unfasten, or loose."
WORD FAMILY
resolute: irresolute, resolutely, resoluteness, resolutest+/ irresolute: irresolutely, irresoluteness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said China in 2016 upheld its peaceful development while resolutely defending its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“China is resolutely opposed to this and requests the U.S. stop such activities,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
“China is resolutely opposed to this, and demands the U.S. stops this kind of activity,” it said.
Time(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adv. 坚决地，毅然地; 固
分布：坚决地(75%)，果断地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
坚决的;坚定的;果断的
If you describe someone as resolute, you approve of them because they are very determined not to change their mind or not to give up a course of action.
例：Voters perceive him as a decisive and resolute international leader...投票者认为他是一位坚定果断的国际领导人。
例：He described the situation as very dangerous and called for resolute action.他将形势描述得非常危险，并号召采取果断行动。
adv. 坚决地；毅然地
 - firmly, stoutly

Word: congenital
Front: congenital
[kənˈdʒenɪtl] (托宝 15666/12890)
Vocabulary: congenital
(once / 4670 pages)
adj
Congenital refers to something present at birth but not necessarily inherited from the parents. Babies with heart disorders developed in utero can live long and productive lives, in spite of their congenital birth defect.
Congenital derives from the Latin genus, to beget. Something that is present at one’s begetting, during fetal development, or at birth is congenital. Fetal alcohol syndrome, which develops in fetuses if their mothers are drinking heavily while pregnant, is a congenital disorder. You might also use congenital to describe something seemingly inborn "a congenital sense of humor," or a "congenital faith."
WORD FAMILY
congenital: congenitally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many types of brain damage were seen in the studies, including dead spots and empty spaces in the brain, cataracts and congenital deafness.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Smith, who was born with five congenital heart defects, was seven when his father died of sudden arrhythmia death syndrome.
Golf Digest(Dec 08, 2016)
Ally Bruener, 28, is a standup comedian with congenital muscular dystrophy.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 先天的，天生的; 先天性
分布：天生的(52%)，先天的(48%)
→con-, 强调。-gen, 生育，词源同gene, generate.
天生的,与生俱来的(con共同+gen+ital→与生俱来→天生的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
先天的,天生的(con共同+genit出生+al)[-al 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,物,状态"]
【记】con共同，gen产生，tal读：头－从你出生的那一刻起，同时产生在你的脑中－与生俱来的
【参】genital（adj 生殖的）；progenitor（n 祖先；起源）
US [-tˌəl] adjective specialized
■describes a disease or condition that exists at or from birth （疾病等）天生的，先天的
• a congenital abnormality/disease 先天性畸形／疾病
■describes someone who always shows a particular bad quality 生就有（某种坏品质）的，生性的
• a congenital liar 生性爱说谎的人
adj. [医] 先天的，天生的；天赋的
 - natural, native, born, innate

Word: archetype
Front: archetype
[ˈɑ:kitaɪp] (宝 15672/21346 -1)
Vocabulary: archetype
(once / 5457 pages)
n
An archetype is a perfect example or model of something. If you have long blonde hair, a sparkly ball gown, and a fairy godmother hovering over your head, you're the archetype of a fairytale princess.
In the psychology of Carl Jung, an archetype is an inherited pattern of thought derived from the past experience of the whole race and present in our unconscious minds––Cinderella might be an archetype for girls in our culture; the boogey man is another. This noun is from Latin archetypum, from Greek archetypon, from archetypos "of the first mold," from archein "to begin" plus typos "type."
WORD FAMILY
archetype: archetypal, archetypes, archetypical+/ archetypal: archetypally/archetypical: archetypically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Both roles, Garfield says, deal with men in touch with the self-sacrificing Jesus Christ archetype that “lives within each of us.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Most use Jordan as the archetype, doing and saying nothing that might adversely affect their image.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
She was a woman with mental illness who refused to be painted as an hysteric, a histrionic; sexist archetypes beloved by the early psychoanalyst set.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 典型; 原型
分布：原型(100%)
【记】1）arche原始的，type形状－原型2）arche拱，type形。拱形。未出生的婴儿在妈妈肚子中的形状就是拱形的，这就是人的原型。俗话说人之初，性本善。其实，婴儿们都是我们学习的榜样－典型例子。3）archer弓箭手，type形状：想象人头马的标志，找一种原始模型的感觉（其实人马星座就是源于古老的神话）
US ['ɑ:r-] noun countable
■a typical example of something; the original model of something from which others are copied 原型；典型
• The United States is the archetype of a federal society. 美国是典型的联邦制社会。
n. [生物] 原型
 - original form, antitype

Word: abiding
Front: abiding
[əˈbaɪdɪŋ] (托 15604/14446 -1)
Vocabulary: abiding
(once / 1491 pages)
adj
Something abiding sticks around, lasting a long time. Abiding is usually used with feelings and memories — as in your abiding love for Elmo.
Abiding comes from the Old English abidan, gebidan meaning "remain, wait, delay, remain behind." It's a word that's typically used to describe a feeling or memory that remains behind or lingers in your mind a while. You can have an abiding faith in God, or an abiding respect for war veterans or an abiding passion. "Law-abiding citizens" are those people who stick strictly to the law. They always use the crosswalk and pay their taxes on time.
WORD FAMILY
abiding: abidingly+/ abide: abidance, abided, abides, abiding
USAGE EXAMPLES
Players, abiding by their religious tenets, use the sport as an outlet between long hours spent studying Judaic texts and other subjects.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s one of the abiding seasonal traditions that a manager will play an unrecognisable team in the second festive fixture.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
But the military denied this and accused the opposition of aiming to show it was not abiding by the truce.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 持久的，永久的; 不变的; 由来已久的
v. 容忍(abide的现在分词); 遵守; 继续存在
分布：持久的(100%)
【记】easy!既然只有一人投标，起拍价不就成为一个永久的、持久的价格了吗？
【区】abet一再赌博是教唆，abut一个连词是毗连。
【反】evanescent（adj 短暂的）；ephemeral（adj 朝生暮死的）
adjective [before noun]
■describes a feeling or memory that you have for a long time （感情或记忆）持久的，永久的
• My abiding memory is of him watering his plants in the garden. 他在花园里给他的植物浇水的身影永远留在我的记忆中。
adj. 持久的，永久的；不变的
 - permanent, continued, lasting, constant, sustained
v. 遵守；容忍；继续存在（abide的现在分词）
 - keeping, observing

Word: nifty
Front: nifty
[ˈnɪfti] (15561/24265)
Vocabulary: nifty
(once / 11387 pages)
adj
Something that's nifty is really great. You might tell your mom that the Hawaiian themed decorations for your dad's surprise party look nifty.
Nifty is informal and a little old fashioned, but it's a perfect way to compliment a cute outfit or express your excitement about your little sister's new roller skates. If a friend comments on your nifty tap dance routine, she thinks it's swell. Nifty has been around as a colloquial term for "stylish or smart" since the 1860s, possibly from theater slang.
WORD FAMILY
nifty: niftier, niftiest, niftily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The oddity is allowing this nifty little rebuilding project to accelerate and grow in stature.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Noah Dickerson added 12 points - including a two-handed dunk off a nifty spinning wraparound pass by Fultz - and grabbed 10 rebounds.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
His “House of the Devil” was a nifty little thriller.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 俏皮的，极好的
n. 俏皮话，漂亮话
级别：niftier, niftiest
分布：漂亮的(59%)，极好的(16%)，俏皮话(10%)，漂亮东西(6%)，小巧的(6%)，熟练的(3%)
→词源不详，一种说法是来自magnificent的口语。
['nɪf.ti] informal
adjective
■good, pleasing or effective 绝妙的；有吸引力的；俐落的
• a nifty piece of work/footwork 杰作／干净俐落的步法
• a nifty little gadget 精巧的小器具
adj. 俏皮的；漂亮的
 - pretty, smart, tony, cute
n. 俏皮话
 - one-liner, jeu de mots

Word: sensuous
Front: sensuous
[ˈsenʃuəs] (托 15594/14703 -1)
Vocabulary: sensuous
(once / 1747 pages)
adj
Anything that is pleasing to the senses can be called sensuous. The feel of a soft cashmere sweater on your skin, the taste of dark chocolate, even the smell of your favorite person — all of these can be sensuous experiences.
Sensuous describes anything that feels, tastes, smells, looks, or sounds good. Eating delicious food or relaxing in a warm bath are sensuous activities. But something intellectually satisfying, like doing a crossword puzzle or solving a math problem, is not exactly sensuous, even if you really like doing it. Use sensuous to describe stuff that makes your five senses happy.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
sensual / sensuous
The words sensual and sensuous are often used interchangeably, but careful writers would do well to think before using one or the other.
The terms share the root sens-, which means to arouse the senses. Sensual has referred to gratifying carnal, especially sexual, senses since before 1425. Sensuous is believed to have been created by John Milton in 1641 to mean relating to the senses instead of the intellect without the sexual connotation. Let's look at some examples that use our pair strictly:
Designer Zac Posen sent out sensual cancan girls straight out of a vintage Paris revue.
Every once in awhile Pauline will recreate one of the sensuous feasts she and Luciano used to serve to guests seated around a shared table.
Today, though, many writers will use the words interchangeably:
Heat and dust Delhi's sensual overload tests tourists, athletes
The way she gazes into his face, we are privileged to get a glimpse of a subtle and sensuous erotica.
It's a shame to lose these shades of meaning. When you use sensuous, do you mean to include sexual undertones? Are those undertones absent when you use sensual? Your readers will only know if you choose your words wisely.
WORD FAMILY
sensuous: sensuously, sensuousness+/desensitise: desensitisation, desensitising/ desensitize: desensitization, desensitized, desensitizes, desensitizing/hypersensitive: hypersensitively, hypersensitivity/insensibility: insensibilities/ insensible: insensibility, insensibly/ insensitive: insensitively, insensitiveness, insensitivity/insensitivity: insensitivities/ nonsense: nonsenses, nonsensical / nonsensical: nonsensicalest, nonsensicality, nonsensically/oversensitive: oversensitively, oversensitiveness/ sensation: aftersensation, sensational, sensations/ sensational: sensationalism, sensationally, unsensational/sensationalism: sensationalisms, sensationalist, sensationalistic/sensationalist: sensationalists/ sense: nonsense, sensation, sensed, senseless, senses, sensible, sensing, sensitive, sensor, sensorial, sensuous /senseless: senselessly, senselessness/ sensibility: sensibilities/ sensible: insensible, sensibilise, sensibility, sensibilize, sensibleness, sensibler, sensiblest, sensibly/sensitise: desensitise, sensitisation, sensitised, sensitiser, sensitising/sensitised: hypersensitised, supersensitised/sensitiser: sensitisers/ sensitive: hypersensitive, insensitive, nonsensitive, oversensitive, sensitise, sensitively, sensitiveness, sensitives, sensitivity, sensitize, supersensitive/sensitiveness: sensitivenesses/ sensitivity: sensitivities/sensitize: desensitize, sensitization, sensitized, sensitizer, sensitizes, sensitizing/sensitized: hypersensitized, supersensitized/sensitizer: sensitizers/sensor: sensors/sensorial: sensorially/supersensitive: supersensitively/unsensational: unsensationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sensuous, confrontational and drenched with unapologetic rage and beauty, this was an example of visual language at its most fluent and expressive.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Now, however, it often seems astoundingly vital: No dance idiom is more overwhelmingly sensuous.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
It is at once very funny, deeply serious, manically obsessive and, not least of all, a sensuous delight for the ear.
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 感觉（上）的; 感官的; （引起）美感的
分布：感觉上的(54%)，感觉的(33%)，激发美感的(13%)
→来自 sense,感官，-ous,形容词后缀。引申词义愉悦感官的，特指刺激肉欲的，性感的。
adjective
■giving or expressing pleasure through the physical senses, rather than pleasing the mind or the intelligence 愉悦感官的
• She luxuriated in the sensuous feel of the silk sheets. 她尽情地享受着丝绸床单所带来的愉悦感。
■* sensual
• He had a very sensuous mouth. 他有一张非常性感的嘴。

Word: stone
Front: stone
[stəʊn] (中高研四六雅 1220/888 -K4)
Back: n. 石头; 宝石; 矿石; （膀胱或肾脏中的）结石
vt. 向扔石块; 用石头铺; 以石掷向; 除（水果的）硬核
adj. 石制的; 石头似的; [S-]石器时代的; 粗陶制的
adv. 石一般的
时态：stoned, stoning, stones
分布：宝石(79%)，合14磅)(7%)，英石(重量单位(7%)，向 ... 扔石头(7%)
→来自古英语 stan,石头，来自 Proto-Germanic*stainaz,石头，来自 stai,硬化，石头，词源 同 stearin,硬脂，硬脂酸甘油油酯。
n.石,石头;岩石,矿石;(水果的)核,子I tuned the tone of the stone phone with a bone.我用骨头调整了石质耳机的音调.
US [stoʊn] noun
ROCK 石头
 ESSENTIAL countable or uncountable (plural stones)
■the hard solid substance found in the ground which is often used for building, or a piece of this 石头；石料；石块
• a stone wall/floor 石墙／石头地面
• a flight of stone steps 一段石头台阶
• a primitive stone axe 简陋的石斧
• They cut enormous blocks of stone out of the hillside. 他们从山上开采出大量石材。
• Some demonstrators were arrested for throwing stones at the police. 一些示威者因向员警投掷石块被逮捕。
countable (plural stones)
■a piece of hard material which can form in some organs in the body and cause severe pain 结石
• kidney/gall stones 肾／胆结石
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
WEIGHT 重量
 ADVANCED countable (plural stone or stones) (written abbreviation st) UK
■a unit of weight equal to 6.35 kilograms or 14 pounds, used especially when talking about a person's weight 英石（重量单位，等于6.35千克或14磅）
• I weigh ten and a half stone. 我的体重是10.5英石。
• She has put on/lost a stone (= is a stone heavier/lighter). 她重／轻了1英石。
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
JEWEL 宝石
countable (plural stones)
■a small piece of a hard valuable substance, such as a diamond , which is found in the ground and used in jewellery 宝石；钻石
• a precious/semi-precious stone 宝石／半宝石
• The large central diamond is surrounded by eight smaller stones. 中间的大钻石周围围绕着八颗小钻石。
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
SEED 种子
countable (plural stones) (US also pit)
■a large hard seed inside some types of fruit 果核
• Peaches, plums, dates, avocados and olives all contain stones. 桃子、李子、枣、鳄梨和橄榄都有果核。
Compare pip
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
drop/fall/sink like a stone
■to move very quickly down in a straight line 快速直线下落；像石头一样落下
• Witnesses say that there was an explosion and then the plane dropped like a stone to Earth. 目击者说听到一声爆炸，然后飞机像石头一样坠落地面。
• The ring fell into the water and sank like a stone. 那个只戒指落到水里，像石头一样下沉。
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
not be set/carved in stone UK (US not be carved/etched in stone)
■to not be fixed and able to be changed 还未确定；未成定局
• These are just a few ideas - nothing is set in stone yet. 这还只是一些想法——甚么都还没定下来。
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
sink like a stone
■to fail completely 完全失败
• His latest novel sank like a stone. 他最新的一部小说彻底失败了。
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] noun
a stone's throw
■a very short distance 很短的距离，一石之遥
• The cottage is just a stone's throw from the sea. 小屋离海只有一箭之远。
• "Is your house far from here?" "No, it's only a stone's throw away." “你的房子离这里远吗？”“不远，几步路就到了。”
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] verb transitive
THROW ROCKS 投掷石块
■to throw stones at something or someone 向…投掷石块，用石头砸
• Rioters set up barricades and stoned police cars. 暴徒设置路障，并向警车投掷石块。
stone sb to death
■to kill someone as a punishment by throwing stones at them 用石头砸死（某人）
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] verb transitive
REMOVE SEED 去核 (US usually pit)
■to remove the stone from a fruit 去掉…的果核
• Could you stone the cherries for me? 你能帮我把樱桃去一下核吗？
UK [stəʊn] US [stoʊn] verb transitive
stone the crows (also stone me) UK old-fashioned
■used as an expression of surprise （表示惊讶）哎呀，啊
• Well, stone the crows - it's five o'clock already! 哎呀——已经五点了！
pebble, stone, rock, gravel
这组词都有“石、石头”的意思，其区别是：
pebble: 多指海边、河边或沙中圆形的小卵石。
stone: 普通用词，泛指井然的或经加工的各类石头，可大可小。
rock: 普通用词，指构成地表最坚硬部分或突出于周围地面的巨大岩石，也可指石头或石块。
gravel: 集合名词，常指用于铺路的小石子和沙砾。
jewel, jewellery, stone, gem
这组词都有“宝石”的意思，其区别是：
jewel: 多指贵重的宝石，是经过切削打磨，通常镶嵌在胸针、项链或其它装饰物上的玉。
jewellery: 是珠宝的总称，泛指各类珠宝，既指佩带或衣服的珠宝饰物，又指用普通金属、塑料或假宝石制作的装饰物。
stone: 特别强调稀少罕见或值钱的矿物。
gem: 指经切割、磨光的宝石，引申指珍品、佳作。
n. [建] 石头；结石； [宝] 宝石
 - stane, calculus
adj. 石的，石制的
 - lithic

Word: trepidation
Front: trepidation
[ˌtrepɪˈdeɪʃn] (托宝 15615/18451)
Vocabulary: trepidation
(once / 3083 pages)
n
When plain old "fear" isn't enough to get across a deep feeling of dread about something on the horizon, use the more formal word trepidation.
"It was with a certain trepidation that I attended an advance screening of Rob Zombie's Halloween in Hollywood last night," wrote a film reviewer. Some dictionaries note that trepidation carries connotations of apprehension about an upcoming threat. In most cases, though, you can get by with the simpler word fear — why use three syllables when you could make do with one? The word comes from the Latin verb trepidare, "to tremble."
WORD FAMILY
trepidation: trepidations
USAGE EXAMPLES
I felt some trepidation when I first signed on to the project.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
It’s as eye-opening for Jamie as “Sisterhood Is Powerful,” the radical feminist anthology that he first opens with almost spiritual reverence — or is it trepidation?
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“I would call it enhanced trepidation, an amplified anxiety,” said Cynthia Rosenberg, a Baltimore immigration attorney.
Washington Post(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 害怕; 不安; 震颤; 颤抖
分布：恐惧(46%)，颤抖(25%)，忧虑(20%)，惊惶(9%)
→来自拉丁语 trepidare,颤抖，惶恐，来自 trep,颤抖，摇晃，可能来自 ter,转，摇，扭 曲，词源同 turn,tremble.引申词义惊恐，惶恐等。
胆怯[trepid=trembling(颤抖)]
【记】读：踹屁dation，别人要踹你的屁股－害怕，胆小
【参】intrepid（adj 无畏的）
【反】aplomb（n 沉着）；dauntless（adj 不屈不挠的）/sober（adj 冷静的）－trepid（adj 惊恐的）
[ˌtrep.ɪ'deɪ.ʃən] formal
noun uncountable
■fear or worry about what is going to happen 惊恐不安，惴惴不安
• We view future developments with some trepidation. 我们对未来的发展动态感到惴惴不安。
n. 恐惧；惊恐；忧虑；颤抖
 - fear, care, disturbance, worries

Word: Cajun
Front: Cajun
['keɪdʒ(ə)n] (13750/37281)
Back: n. 法人后裔（移居美国路易斯安纳州的）
分布：阿卡迪亚烹饪风格的(50%)，阿卡迪亚人的(50%)
→来自Acadian的方言变体。Acadia为古希腊词，义为世外桃源，后指加拿大法属殖民地。
noun countable
■a person who lives in the US state of Louisiana and whose relations in the past were French-speaking Canadians 卡津人（居住在美国路易斯安那州，为法裔加拿大人的后代）
['keɪ.dʒən] adjective
■belonging to or relating to Cajuns 卡津人的；和卡津人有关的
• Cajun cooking/food 卡津烹饪／食品
• Lafayette is the home of Cajun music/dance. 拉法叶是卡津音乐／舞蹈的发源地。

Word: dab
Vocabulary: dab
(once / 2884 pages)
1nv 2nv
A dab is a quick, soft application of something, like paint or makeup. You might touch up a clown's makeup with several dabs on his cheeks and forehead.
A dab is the motion with which you pat or apply something to a surface, and it's also the tiny amount of material you're applying. An artist might work in dabs of paint, and a baker might lick a dab of cake batter off her finger. Dab is a verb too: "Dab this aloe on your sunburn — it'll feel much better." A dab is a "light, striking movement," from the earlier dabben, "to strike."
WORD FAMILY
dab: dabbed, dabbing, dabs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dab on a little stain if the treated area is lighter than the surrounding wood.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
All the performers are dab hands with an assortment of instruments, musical styles and instant impersonations.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He does the dab, a dance move that looks like he’s sneezing into his elbow.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)

Word: conspirator
Front: conspirator
[kənˈspɪrətə(r)] (15570/15653 -1)
Vocabulary: conspirator
(once / 916 pages)
n
A conspirator sneaks around making plans to commit crimes with other people. A conspirator’s plans are often politically motivated, and not always illegal but always secret and sneaky.
You know how some people think that the Apollo moon landing was a hoax or that everything is controlled by alien lizard people? No? Well, people who see secret plots everywhere believe in conspiracies, and anyone involved in a conspiracy is a conspirator. However, many conspirators are real and part of everyday plots, like to rob a bank. All conspirators work in secret to commit crimes. Any crime involving more than one person will have conspirators.
WORD FAMILY
conspirator: conspiratorial, conspirators+/ conspiracy: conspiracies/ conspiratorial: conspiratorially/ conspire: conspiracy, conspirative, conspirator, conspired, conspires, conspiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even so, Francis and his conspirators almost got away with it.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
According to court papers, investigators learned of more than 200 conspirators worldwide.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Prosecutors say Dadlani let conspirators involved in the plot to swipe cards that didn’t belong to them at his Jersey City store.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 共谋者，阴谋家，反叛者
分布：同谋者(36%)，反叛者(34%)，阴谋者(30%)
阴谋者(conspire同谋)[-ator表名词,通常由ate结尾的动词而来,"做事的人或物]
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■someone who conspires with other people to do something 阴谋家；密谋家；共谋者
n. 阴谋者；反叛者；同谋者
 - intrigant, plotter

Word: US-led
Front: US-led
None None
Back: [网络] 美国领导的；灯机
分布：美国领导的(100%)

Word: hunker
Front: hunker
[ˈhʌŋkə(r)] (15585/41816)
Vocabulary: hunker
(once / 14521 pages)
v
To hunker is to crouch: to bend your body into a low, small shape. When you're playing hide and seek, you may decide to hunker in the back of a closet until you're found.
You hunker physically when you're hiding or making space for other people or squatting to talk to a small child. You can also hunker figuratively, like when you hunker down in your house during a snowstorm, waiting to venture out until the roads have been plowed. Another way to hunker down is to focus on a task and work extra hard. We know hunker is a Scottish word, but beyond that its origins aren't clear.
WORD FAMILY
hunker: hunkered, hunkering, hunkers
USAGE EXAMPLES
And fear that something even worse might lie ahead caused consumers to hunker down and stop spending.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Solar power companies, meanwhile, are hunkering down for a rough 2017.
Reuters(Dec 15, 2016)
In the northeast, you quickly find yourself in Irish countryside: ash trees, low stone walls, thick-walled homes hunkered down against the chill.
The New Yorker(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 盘坐
n. 守旧者
时态：hunkered, hunkering, hunkers
分布：蹲(54%)，蹲坐(46%)
→来自苏格兰语，词源不详，或同huckster.
US [-kɚ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  hunker down US
■to sit down on your heels 蹲着；蹲坐
• We hunkered down round the campfire, toasting marshmallows. 我们蹲在营火旁烤棉花糖。
■to make yourself comfortable in a place or situation, or to prepare to stay in a place or position for a long time, usually in order to achieve something or for protection 蹲守；准备长期逗留在某处
• The press have hunkered down for the night outside the palace, waiting for news of the royal birth. 媒体在王宫外守候了一夜，等候王室添丁的消息。
vi. 蹲下，盘坐
 - bend down, squat down
n. 守旧者
 - conservative, frump

Word: grease
Front: grease
[gri:s] (研六托雅宝 7921/9823 -1)
Back: n. 动物油脂; 油膏，润滑油; 〈俚〉贿赂
vt. 涂油脂于，用油脂润滑; 贿赂
时态：greased, greasing, greases
分布：油脂(84%)，贿赂(7%)，上油(7%)，用油脂涂(2%)
→来自拉丁语crassus, 油脂，脂肪，词源同crass.
n.动物脂,油脂,润滑脂v.抹油,润滑After a decrease, the price of the grease increases increasingly.下跌过一次之后,润滑脂的价格日益上涨.
【记】gr＝grow，ease（n 安心；不费力vt 使悠闲）变得不费力－上了润滑油
noun uncountable
■animal or vegetable fat that is soft after melting, or more generally, any thick oily substance 油，油脂；油腻状物
• The dinner plates were thick with grease. 餐盘上厚厚一层油
• You'll have to put some grease on those ball bearings. 你要往滚珠轴承上涂些油。
[gri:s] verb transitive
■to put fat or oil on something 用油脂涂；给…加润滑油
• Grease the tins well before adding the cake mixture. 在烤盘里面涂好油脂，然后再把蛋糕混合料加进去。
[gri:s] verb transitive
grease sb's palm disapproving
■to secretly give someone money in order to persuade them to do something for you 向（某人）行贿；收买
[gri:s] verb transitive
like greased lightning
■very fast 闪电似的；飞快地
• As soon as I mentioned work, he was out of the door like greased lightning! 我刚一提到工作的事，他就一溜烟似的跑出去了！
fat, grease, oil
这组词都有“油”的意思，其区别是：
fat: 多指动物性脂肪，常为固态。
grease: 通常指经加热变柔软的油脂。
oil: 泛指植物、动物和矿物性液体油。
vt. 涂脂于；贿赂
 - tamper with, buy over
n. 油脂；贿赂
 - lipid, fix

Word: morbid
Front: morbid
[ˈmɔ:bɪd] (托雅宝 15607/14213 -1)
Vocabulary: morbid
(once / 824 pages)
adj
If the first section of the newspaper you read is the obituaries, you could be considered morbid. Morbid is a word used to describe anyone who spends too much time thinking about death or disease.
A lot of English words relating to medicine and science come from Latin, and the adjective morbid is one of them; it comes from the root morbidus, meaning "diseased" or "sick." Morbid can also be used to describe other nouns besides people. If you wear Goth clothing, your wardrobe might be described as morbid. And if you hang tombstones on your walls, your taste in art could also be described as morbid.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
morbid / moribund
Morbid describes something gruesome, like smallpox or Frankenstein's monster. Moribund refers to the act of dying. Goths love both. What fun!
Morbid and moribund are both dark and popular around Halloween, but if you dig up their graves, you'll find their Latin bones are different: Morbid comes from morbus, for disease, while moribund comes from morī, for dying.
Morbid is a busy adjective, going from dark to darker describing terrible things such as anything related to disease -obesity, insanity, the plague - or unwholesome thoughts. Morbid pops up all over the place, such as in
The Morbid Imagination, a Website about Gothic Horror and the Arts.
Or in this quote from a book about country life:
And the slender, undersized, morbid girl needed just such tonic. (Lillian Elizabeth Roy)
You can be morbidly obese or morbidly thin, as long as you're sick in some way, even in the head, you're morbid. Appropriately, Morbid is the name of a Swedish death metal band.
On the other hand, moribund means dying, literally or figuratively. It can refer to a person about to leave this world behind or to something that's almost obsolete. In both senses, moribund does not mean death but dying. It refers to the action, not the outcome, like in this example from an old medical book:
This heart was taken from a man who came into the hospital in a moribund condition.
The word also shows up in the news, all too often describing an economy:
But the domestic economy remains moribund, while the fragile export recovery could be sabotaged by slowing in the global economy. (New York Times)
The hermit crab that hasn't had water in three days is a moribund pet. The kid with the black lipstick who wants it to die is morbid.
WORD FAMILY
morbid: morbidity, morbidly, morbidness+/ morbidity: morbidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morbid, and possibly unique, phenomenon may be the answer.
Science Magazine(Dec 15, 2016)
"I am not into morbid counts but that kind of volume matters, that kind of impact on the enemy."
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
She examined a set of taxidermied kittens, posed into a Victorian wedding scene, at the Morbid Anatomy Museum in Brooklyn.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. （兴趣、精神、思想等）病态的; 疾病的; 有成见的; 令人毛骨悚然的，恐怖的
分布：病态的(91%)，不正常的(9%)
→来自拉丁语morbus,疾病，来自mori,快死，将死，来自mer,死亡，词源同mortal,murder.即生病的，病态的。
疾病的,不健康的(morb[=mort]+id→像死一样→疾病的)[mort=death,表示"死"]
病态的(morb病+id)[-id表形容词"如…的"]
病态的[morb=disease(病)]
【记】mor死，bid－快死了－病态的直接读成中文◎＃￥※×
【反】wholesome（adj 卫生的；有益健康的）；hale（adj 老人矍铄的）；verdant（adj 翠绿的）；salubrious（adj 有益健康的）
US ['mɔ:r-] adjective disapproving
■too interested in unpleasant subjects, especially death （尤指对死亡等）病态的，着迷的
• a morbid fascination with death 对死亡的病态迷恋
adj. 病态的；由病引起的；恐怖的；病变部位的
 - sick, pathological

Word: handsomely
Front: handsomely
['hænsəmlɪ] (15611/14203)
Vocabulary: handsomely
(once / 1173 pages)
adv
To do something handsomely is to do it in a way that looks attractive or pleasing. If you arrange a bouquet of flowers handsomely, they'll look great even if they're in a pickle jar instead of a fancy vase.
A teenage boy might aspire to dress handsomely for his senior prom, wearing a nice tuxedo and bow tie. Another meaning of handsomely is "generously," or "substantially," so if the boy's boss at the neighborhood pizza shop pays him handsomely, he'll also be able to rent a limousine to transport him and his date to the dance.
WORD FAMILY
handsome: handsomely, handsomeness, handsomer, handsomest
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Packers finally resigned themselves to using Montgomery on a full-time basis at running back and it paid off handsomely in Week 15.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In the process, certain very big businesses profited handsomely.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
If the Italian economy perks up, these would profit handsomely.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 大方地; 慷慨地; 精致地; <海>缓慢小心地
分布：漂亮地(39%)，慷慨地(37%)，相当优厚地(12%)，气派地(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
（男子）漂亮的，英俊的，帅气的
A handsome man has an attractive face with regular features.
例：...a tall, dark, handsome sheep farmer.高个子、黑皮肤的英俊养羊人
ADJ-GRADED
（女子）端庄健美的
A handsome woman has an attractive appearance with features that are large and regular rather than small and delicate.
例：...an extremely handsome woman with a beautiful voice.有着甜美嗓音的非常健美的女子
ADJ-GRADED
（金额）相当大的，可观的，优厚的
A handsome sum of money is a large or generous amount.
例：They will make a handsome profit on the property.他们会从这片地产中赚取丰厚的利润。
ADJ-GRADED
（建筑物、庭院等）宽敞而美观的，堂皇的，雄伟的
A place such as a building or garden that is handsome is large and well made with an attractive appearance.
例：...the ports of Dubrovnik and Zadar, with their handsome Renaissance buildings.拥有雄伟的文艺复兴时期建筑的杜布罗夫尼克港和扎达尔港
ADJ
（获胜）比分悬殊的，遥遥领先的
If someone has a handsome win or a handsome victory, they get many more points or votes than their opponent.
例：The opposition won a handsome victory in the election.反对党在竞选中以高票获胜。
adv. 漂亮地；慷慨地；相当大地
 - freely, beautifully, nicely

Word: stymie
Front: stymie
[ˈstaɪmi] (宝 15618/-)
Vocabulary: stymie
(once / 8921 pages)
vn
The verb stymie means to obstruct or hinder. Constantly texting with your friends will stymie your effort to finish your homework.
Stymie was first used on the golf course in Scotland, where it referred to an opponent's ball blocking your own ball’s path to the cup. From there a verb sense developed, until finally stymie came to mean blocking with any obstacle, not just a golf ball.
WORD FAMILY
stymie: stymied
USAGE EXAMPLES
Curators were stymied as to the best way to present them - or whether they even belonged in a California history museum.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The digital divide looms as a personal catastrophe as you watch him being shown the basics but finding himself stymied by every small misstep.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The group was flummoxed by the mass exodus of Syrians to Europe last summer, and stymied by the warm welcome they initially received in Germany.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <高尔夫> 妨碍球; 困难的处境
vt. 妨碍，阻挠
时态：stymied, stymieing, stymies
分布：妨碍(86%)，使 ... 处于困难境地(14%)
【记】sty＝style，mie灭：通过妨碍把你歼灭掉。
【反】foster（v 养育）；promote（v 促进）；abet（v 教唆；支持）
['staɪ.mi] (stymieing) informal
verb transitive often passive
■to prevent something from happening or someone from achieving a purpose 阻止，妨碍，阻挠
• In our search for evidence, we were stymied by the absence of any recent documents. 缺乏近期的档为我们搜证造成障碍。
vt. 从中作梗，阻挠；妨碍
 - let, violate
n. 妨碍球
 - stimy

Word: clatter
Front: clatter
[ˈklætə(r)] (六 13632/12567 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 发出咔哒声; 嘁嘁喳喳地说笑; 使卡搭卡搭的响
n. 哗啦声; 嘁嘁喳喳的谈笑声; 咔哒声
时态：clattered, clattering, clatters
分布：嘈杂的谈笑声(19%)，哗啦声(18%)，咔嗒声(18%)，发出哗啦声(18%)，使发出咔嗒声(9%)，咔嗒咔嗒响(9%)，喧闹地谈笑(9%)
→拟声词。-er,表反复。
US ['klætˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to make continuous loud noises by hitting hard objects against each other, or to cause objects to do this （使）发出响亮的撞击声；（使）哐啷作响
• Don't clatter the dishes - you'll wake the baby up. 别把碗碟碰得叮当响——会把宝宝吵醒的。
• He was clattering away on his old typewriter. 他在那台旧打字机上哢嗒哢嗒打东西。

Word: hilly
Front: hilly
[ˈhɪli] (高托 15597/15079 -1)
Vocabulary: hilly
(once / 2257 pages)
adj
Land that's hilly rises and falls with many hills. The hilly roads in eastern Kansas might surprise you, if you've always imagined the entire state being completely flat.
A hilly neighborhood requires walkers to trudge up steep slopes, and a hilly field is a picturesque backdrop for a farmer's exotic sheep to graze in. Anything that's hilly is marked with hills, or mounds of land that are smaller than mountains. The Old English source of both hilly and hill is hyll, from a Proto-Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
hilly: hilliness, hillyer+/ hill: hilled, hilling, hills, hilly
USAGE EXAMPLES
HUDDERSFIELD, England — The factory here, set amid a brick campus in a green and hilly industrial town, recently celebrated its centennial.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“It’s not an easy course. It’s a little hilly.”
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Istanbul is a very hilly city: seven hills, like Rome, they always say.
The Guardian(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 多丘陵的; 多小山的; 多坡的; 峭峻的
级别：hillier, hilliest
分布：多小山的(62%)，丘陵的(38%)
多山的(hill山)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
adjective
■having a lot of hills 多小山的，多丘陵的
• hilly countryside 多小山的乡村地带
• a hilly area 丘陵地区
adj. 丘陵的；陡的；多小山的；多坡的
 - high-pitched

Word: inflow
Front: inflow
[ˈɪnfləʊ] (15695/16307 -1)
Back: n. 流入，注入; 流入物; 内流，吸入
分布：流入(94%)，流入物(4%)，流入量(2%)
→in-,进入，使，flow,流动。
US [-floʊ] noun countable or uncountable
■the action of people or things arriving somewhere 流入，涌入
• The government wanted an inflow of foreign investment. 政府希望引进外资。
n. [流] 流入；流入物；岭量
 - afflux, inrush
vi. [流] 流入；货币回笼
 - flow into, feed into

Word: queue
Front: queue
[kju:] (高研四六宝 15489/4960 -2)
Vocabulary: queue
(once / 2716 pages)
1nv 2n
A queue is a line of things, usually people. If you go to the store on a big sale day, there will probably be a long queue at the check-out.
Queue comes from the Latin cauda, for tail. Outside the United States it means a line of people or vehicles waiting their turn, so if your English friend talks about queuing up for the movies, that means getting in line for a ticket. We also use it in computing to mean an order of messages to be sent. In a big office, you send documents to the printer queue, and they're printed in the order they are sent.
WORD FAMILY
queue: queued, queueing, queues, queuing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sadly they are even more popular with Asian mainlanders shopping in the major cities, and the ballot/queue system was in full effect there too.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Sure, the practicalities are hideous – no cabs, endless crowds and queues, quite a lot of mugging – but still!
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In the closing ceremony, the 19-year-old from Ohio carried the US flag and was slowed down by queues of athletes demanding a selfie with her.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （人或车辆）行列，长队; 辫子
vi. （人、车等）排队等候
vt. （使）排队，列队等待
时态：queued, queuing, queues
分布：排队(69%)，长队(16%)，辫子(8%)，行列(7%)
→来自古法语cue,尾巴，来自拉丁语coda,尾巴。词源同coda,coward.引申词义队伍，行列。
n.行列,长队v.(up)排队,排队等待On my request the conqueror questioned the man who jumped the queue.根据我的请求,征服者质问了插队者.
【记】把queue看成eueue：推着小车排队的人们。
[kju:] UK (US line)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a line of people, usually standing or in cars, waiting for something （人或车排成的）队，队伍，行列
• Are you in the queue for tickets? 你是在排队买票吗?
• There was a long queue of traffic stretching down the road. 车辆在这条路上排起长龙了。
• If you want tickets you'll have to join the queue. 你想买票的话就要先排队。
• disapproving It makes me mad when someone jumps the queue (= goes straight to the front). 有人插队的话我就会很生气。
■a lot of people wanting something （想获取某物的）许多人
• There's a queue of companies wanting to sell the product. 有许多公司想要销售该产品。
[kju:] UK (US line)
verb intransitive UK (US line up) (also UK queue up)
 ADVANCED
■to wait in a line of people, often to buy something 排队
• Dozens of people were queueing up to get tickets. 有几十个人在排队买票。
• We had to queue for three hours to get in. 我们排了三个小时的队才进入。
■informal
■to want very much to do something 排队（等候）做…，非常想做…
• [+ to infinitive] There are thousands of young women queueing up to be models. 成千上万的年轻少女对当模特儿趋之若鹜。
queue, rank, line, row
这组词都有“列、队、排”的意思，其区别是：
queue: 指人们为做某事而有顺序排成的队，在等的过程中不断向前移动。
rank: 和file常为军事用语，前者指肩并肩排列整齐的士兵横排，后者指纵队。
line: 指人或物排成的行列。
row: 指单独的一列，也可指平行的数行中的一行，而不论是横或纵。
n. [数] 队列；长队；辫子
 - train, alignment, tail, rank
vi. [数] 排队；排队等候
 - line up for, stand in a line

Word: profanity
Front: profanity
[prəˈfænəti] (13759/34298)
Vocabulary: profanity
(once / 1937 pages)
n
Profanity is a type of language that includes dirty words and ideas. Swear words, obscene gestures, and naughty jokes are all considered profanity.
You know those four-letter words you're not supposed to say? They're profanity: language that's vulgar and obscene. R-rated movies and cable stations like HBO have a lot of profanity, but you won't hear it on a station like NBC or ABC. Profanity tends to be about off-color subjects, like sex and going to the bathroom. Everyone probably spews some profanity at some point, but you better be careful about who's listening.
WORD FAMILY
profanity: profanities+/profanation: profanations/ profane: profanation, profanatory, profaned, profanely, profaneness, profaner, profanes, profanest, profaning, profanity
USAGE EXAMPLES
In response to successive messages containing profanity, Kai might say, “I’m envisioning white sand and a hammock. Please try me later.”
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Phillips said Rivers was ejected for using “extreme profanity” while complaining about his son being ejected.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
After the arrest, the officer was subject to racial taunts and profanity from bystanders, the video showed.
Reuters(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 渎神; 亵渎语言
分布：亵渎(85%)，不敬的言语(15%)
→来自profane,亵渎。
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun
countable or uncountable
■(an example of) showing no respect for a god or a religion, especially through language 渎神
countable
■an offensive or obscene word or phrase 亵渎的语言；下流话
• It was the song's opening line, a series of profanities, that caused the record to be banned on the radio station. 正是因为这首歌的第一句使用了一连串的脏话，导致这张唱片在电台被禁播。

Word: linguistics
Front: linguistics
[lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks] (托雅宝 15674/6814 -1)
Vocabulary: linguistics
(once / 24370 pages)
n
Linguistics is the formal study of language. If you like figuring out how words are formed and how they express meaning, you might enjoy studying the science of linguistics.
Academics use the term linguistics to describe the science of language. Linguistics includes a broad range of topics ranging from how people learn languages to how phrases and sentences are formed. Remember that linguistics is a plural noun: although it takes a singular verb, it always has an “s” at the end. If you drop the “s” you get a different word, the adjective linguistic, which means "related to language."
WORD FAMILY
linguistic: intralinguistic, linguistically, linguistics, nonlinguistic+/ linguist: linguistic, linguists
USAGE EXAMPLES
While studying for a linguistics degree, I landed my first proper job at 21, translating for the revered Kommersant business newspaper’s website.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
No, absolutely not, says Rob Drummond, a senior lecturer in linguistics at Manchester Metropolitan University.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
If I had wanted to learn grammar all day, students fume in the past subjunctive, I would have been a linguistics major.
Slate(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 语言学; 语言的，语言学的，语言研究的( linguistic的名词复数 )
分布：语言学(100%)
→来自lingual,语言的。
语言学(linguist+ics)[lingu=language,表示"语言",原意为"舌头"]
语言学(linguist语言学家+ics)[-ics表名词、,"学科,学术"]
【记】lingu语言，istics学科－语言学
【参】bilingual（adj 能说两种语言的）；lingual（adj 语言的）
[lɪŋ'gwɪs.tɪks] (also linguistic science)
noun uncountable
■the systematic study of the structure and development of language in general or of particular languages 语言学
n. [语] 语言学
 - glossology, Descriptive Linguistics

Word: foolishness
Front: foolishness
['fu:lɪʃnəs] (15573/20794)
Back: n. 愚蠢，愚笨
分布：愚蠢(90%)，可笑(10%)
ADJ-GRADED
(举止或行为)愚蠢的，傻的，笨的
If someone's behaviour or action is foolish, it is not sensible and shows a lack of good judgment.
例：It would be foolish to raise hopes unnecessarily...无谓地燃起人们的希望是愚蠢的。
例：It is foolish to risk skin cancer.冒患上皮肤癌的风险是愚蠢的。
ADJ-GRADED
傻的;蠢的;显得难堪的
If you look or feel foolish, you look or feel so silly or ridiculous that people are likely to laugh at you.
例：I just stood there feeling foolish and watching him...我只是傻傻地站在那里看着他。
例：I didn't want him to look foolish and be laughed at.我不希望见到他出丑，被别人嘲笑。
n. 愚蠢；可笑
 - simplicity, folly

Word: talker
Front: talker
[ˈtɔ:kə(r)] (15610/20294)
Back: n. 讲话者，谈话者
分布：健谈者(67%)，说话的人(33%)
US ['tɑ:.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who talks a lot, too much or in a particular way 健谈的人；空谈的人；以某种方式说话的人
• I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything. 我觉得他说得多，做得少，这就是他始终一事无成的原因。
• What a talker your mum is - I couldn't get off the phone! 你妈妈话真多——我简直放不下电话！
n. 说话的人；健谈者；空谈者
 - sayer, schmoozer

Word: slumber
Front: slumber
[ˈslʌmbə(r)] (六托宝 15579/19044)
Vocabulary: slumber
(once / 358 pages)
vn
Slumber means "sleep" — as a verb or noun. If you're a sound sleeper, you might slumber peacefully right through a thunderstorm, your slumber undisturbed.
To slumber is to sleep, sometimes specifically to sleep lightly or doze. You can slumber in your bed, in your airplane seat, or through your alarm in the morning. Slumber can also describe a peacefulness, like your quiet street that seems to slumber early in the morning. The phrase slumber party was first used in the 1940s to mean a gathering held at night, that usually involves very little slumbering.
WORD FAMILY
slumber: slumbered, slumberer, slumbering, slumberous, slumbers, slumbery, slumbrous+/slumberer: slumberers/slumberous: slumberously/slumbrous: slumbrously
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you are reading this at 3 a.m., chances are that James Proud wants to put you in a deep slumber.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The final step is an overnight slumber party in a low-temperature oven.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
For the Alexa development team, the arduous path began with the choice of a name that would wake Alexa from its slumber.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: v. 微睡，睡眠; 蛰伏，处于静止状态; （用睡眠）消磨（时间）
n. 微睡，安眠，熟睡; 蛰伏
时态：slumbered, slumbering, slumbers
分布：睡眠(53%)，微睡(16%)，睡觉(13%)，休眠(6%)，打盹(6%)，休止状态(3%)，静止(3%)
→来自中古英语 slumeren, 来自 slumen, 打盹，-er,表反复， 来自古英语 sluma, 小睡， 来自 Proto-Germanic*slum,松散的，无力的，来自 sleu,松散的，无力的，词源同 slow,sleep. 插入字母 b,比较 number,numerate.
【记】s死得像lumber木材－睡眠
【参】slumberous（adj 昏昏欲睡的）
US [-bɚ] literary
noun countable or uncountable
■sleep 睡觉，睡眠
• I fell into a gentle slumber. 我甜甜地睡去。
• I didn't want to rouse you from your slumbers. 我不想把你从睡梦中叫醒。
• figurative Sharp cuts in interest rates have failed to bring the economy out of its slumber. 大幅降低利率并没有使经济复苏。
UK ['slʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] literary
verb intransitive
■to sleep 睡，睡觉
nap, slumber, doze, sleep
这组词都有“睡”的意思，其区别是：
nap: 指白天的小睡。
slumber: 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。
doze: 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。
sleep: 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。
n. 睡眠；麻木状态；静止状态
 - sleep, morpheus

Word: kidding
Front: kidding
['kɪdɪŋ] (15688/34692)
Back: v. 开玩笑
分布：开玩笑(96%)，动词kid的现在分词.(2%)，产羔(2%)
N-COUNT
小孩
You can refer to a child as a kid .
例：They've got three kids...他们有3个孩子。
例：All the kids in my class could read.我们班所有的孩子都能阅读。
N-COUNT; N-VOC
青少年
Young people who are no longer children are sometimes referred to as kids .
例：There were gangs of kids on motorbikes roaming around...过去有成群结队的年轻人骑着摩托车四处游荡。
例：That's a lot for a kid of 22 to cope with.那对一个22岁的年轻人来说是够难应付的。
ADJ
年幼的
You can refer to your younger brother as your kid brother and your younger sister as your kid sister.
例：My kid sister woke up and started crying.我妹妹醒了，哭了起来。
N-COUNT
小山羊
A kid is a young goat.
VERB
开玩笑
If you are kidding, you are saying something that is not really true, as a joke.
例：I'm not kidding, Frank. There's a cow out there, just standing around...我没有开玩笑，弗兰克。外面有一头母牛，就站在附近。
例：I'm just kidding...我只是开玩笑。
VERB
戏弄；逗惹
If you kid someone, you tease them.
例：He liked to kid Ingrid a lot...他很喜欢捉弄英格丽德。
例：He used to kid me about being chubby.他过去常取笑我胖。
VERB
欺骗；哄骗
If people kid themselves, they allow themselves to believe something that is not true because they wish that it was true.
例：We're kidding ourselves, Bill. We're not winning, we're not even doing well...我们在自己骗自己，比尔。我们没有赢，我们甚至都没有发挥好。
例：I could kid myself that you did this for me, but it would be a lie.我可以欺骗自己你这样做是为了我，但那终究是谎言。
CONVENTION
（强调所说的是真实的或是认真的）真的，不是开玩笑
You can say 'No kidding' to emphasize that what you are saying is true, or that you mean it.
例：I'm scared. No kidding, really.我很害怕。不是开玩笑，真的。
CONVENTION
（表示感兴趣或惊讶）真的吗？
You can say 'No kidding?' to show that you are interested or surprised when someone tells you something.
例：'We won.' — 'No kidding?'“我们赢了。”——“真的吗？”
PHRASE
（表示认为某人所言极为荒唐或完全是假的）你一定是在开玩笑
You can say 'you've got to be kidding' or 'you must be kidding' to someone if they have said something that you think is ridiculous or completely untrue.
例：You've got to be kidding! I can't live here!...你在开玩笑吧！我不可能住这儿！
例：'He's a mild inoffensive man isn't he? — Oh you've gotta be kidding.'“他是个温和、没有恶意的人，不是吗？”——“啊，你不是开玩笑吧。”
PHRASE
（表示认为某人不够真诚或不相信某人所言）她骗谁啊？/他想骗谁啊?
You can say 'who is she kidding?' or 'who is he trying to kid?' if you think it is obvious that someone is not being sincere and does not mean what they say.
例：She played the role of a meek, innocent, shy girl. I don't know who she was trying to kid...她装作一个温顺、天真、害羞的女孩。真不知道她想骗谁。
例：'Maybe tomorrow will be better,' I said, hanging up. 'Who am I kidding?' I told Wolfe. 'Tomorrow will be more of the same.'“也许明天会更好，”我说着挂断了电话。“我在骗谁啊？”我对沃尔夫说。“明天还是一个样。”
n. 开玩笑；山羊产羔
 - gaggery, borak
v. 开玩笑；欺骗；山羊产羔（kid的ing形式）
 - deceiving, double-crossing

Word: grown
Front: grown
[grəʊn] (15613/39395 -1)
Back: adj. 成年的，成熟的; 被…长满的; 栽培的
v. 种植(grow的过去分词); 生长，变成
分布：成年的(40%)，长大的(35%)，长满某物的(19%)，动词grow 的过去分词.(6%)
US [groʊn] adjective
a grown man/woman
■an adult 成年男子／女子
• I don't like to see a grown man in tears. 我讨厌看大男人哭泣。
adj. 长大的；成年的；长满某物的
 - adult
v. 生长；变成；栽培（grow的过去分词）
 - cultured

Word: morsel
Front: morsel
[ˈmɔ:sl] (宝 15599/15533)
Vocabulary: morsel
(once / 1115 pages)
n
A morsel is a small amount of something, a tid-bit, a sliver, usually of something of high-quality and much desired — like a morsel of dark chocolate or a morsel of secret information.
Originally it referred specifically to food — a nineteenth century lady might partake of a "dainty morsel" to eat, for example. More often than not morsel now refers to non-food items: a morsel of good taste; a morsel of common sense, and, of course, most popular of all, a morsel of gossip. That's why, like all good food, all good gossip is juicy.
WORD FAMILY
morsel: morsels
USAGE EXAMPLES
A morsel of tempura-fried geoduck belly dipped in oyster mayonnaise was the most unforgettable bite at Scout’s chef’s counter.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
In these cases, I recommend miserly self-control, and letting every morsel dissolve completely on the tongue.
The New Yorker(Dec 13, 2016)
SCOTT: My favorite Emma Stone moment in “La La Land” — and this is saying a lot — is a very small morsel of multidimensional bravura.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 一口; （尤指食物）小块，碎屑
分布：一口(55%)，少量(26%)，一片(13%)，分成小块(6%)
→来自拉丁语mordere,咬，词源同mordant,remorse.即咬下的一小口，引申词义少量，小块食物。
一小口(食物)(mors-vel表示小东西→咬一小口)[mordmors=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】mor死，sel＝sell（v 出售）：死猪肉出售只能得到少量的钱。
【参】mortality（n 死亡率）
US ['mɔ:r-] noun countable
■a very small piece of food （食物的）一口，一小份
• a morsel of cheese 一小块起司
• The prisoners ate every last morsel. 囚犯把最后一丁点食物都吃个干净。
■a very small piece or amount 一点点，点滴
• a morsel of good news 一点点好消息
n. 一口；（食物）少量
 - mouthful, gobbet

Word: backwater
Front: backwater
[ˈbækwɔ:tə(r)] (宝 15628/19038 -1)
Vocabulary: backwater
(once / 8068 pages)
1n 2n
Backwater is water that’s stagnant and out of the current. It’s a still pool created by a dam or a curve in the river. If a small town is described as backwater, then not much happens or changes there.
The word backwater has been around since the 14th Century meaning “water behind a dam.” Now it refers to any flat water, not just the water behind a dam. Backwater can also describe a place or situation that seems stuck in a rut, unmoved by current events. Literally, backwater is water that’s away from the current; figuratively, backwater is a place that’s away from current events.
WORD FAMILY
backwater: backwaters
USAGE EXAMPLES
China is no longer the poor backwater it was in 1972.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
The location is in Itaguaí, a rural backwater with a tradition of imported esoteric activities.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Before the war, book publishing was a business backwater.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 回水，回流; 滞水，死水; 闭塞的地方; 不受外界事件或新思想影响的地方
v. 倒开船; 食言
分布：回水(78%)，穷乡僻壤(14%)，回水河汊(8%)
【记】back向后，water水－向后流的水－回水，死水
US [-wɑ:.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a part of a river where the water does not flow 死水，回水，滞水
• We tied the boat up in a quiet backwater overnight. 我们在一个静水处把船系好后过夜。
■disapproving
■a place which is not influenced by new ideas or events that happen in other places, and which does not change 与世隔绝的地方；落后的地方
• He grew up in a rural backwater. 他在落后的乡村长大。
Compare jerkwater
n. [机] 回水；死水；停滞不进的状态或地方
 - standing water, dead water

Word: hubris
Front: hubris
[ˈhju:brɪs] (宝 15622/25310)
Vocabulary: hubris
(once / 16885 pages)
n
Hubris is an excess of confidence: a boxer who shouts "I'm the greatest!" even though he's about to get pummeled by a much stronger opponent is displaying a lot of hubris.
Hubris is from Greek, where it meant "excessive pride, violating the bounds set for humans" and was always punished by the gods. We no longer have the Greek gods, so in English it just refers to over-the-top self-confidence. If you call yourself the best in something, you better have the goods to back it up, since too much hubris can lead to embarrassment and humiliation. It's an age-old human failing: pride goeth before the fall.
WORD FAMILY
hubris
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bolted with hubris, I tell myself they’re delighted to see me.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
It is singularly his film — both in style and the obsession with hubris, power and violence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
To Copley’s mind, “Civil War” — as he deemed it — was worse than tolerating British taxation and hubris in the colonies.
Washington Post(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 骄傲自大，自恃
分布：傲慢(81%)，骄傲(19%)
→来自希腊语hybris,对神的放肆无礼。引申词义傲慢，狂妄。
【记】hub（n 中心），ris＝rise－使自己从中心升起－目中无人；骄傲
【反】humility（n 谦卑）
noun uncountable literary
■being very proud and believing in your own importance 傲慢；自大；自负
• He was punished for his hubris. 他因为自大而受到惩罚。
n. 傲慢；狂妄自大
 - importance, superciliousness

Word: telecom
Front: telecom
['telɪkɒm] (16052/5782)
Back: n. telecommunication,电信
n. 电信，远距通信；电讯
 - telcom

Word: hypocrite
Front: hypocrite
[ˈhɪpəkrɪt] (宝 15627/16479)
Vocabulary: hypocrite
(once / 1164 pages)
n
A hypocrite preaches one thing, and does another. You're a hypocrite if you criticize other people for wearing fur, but pull out your big mink jacket as soon as it gets cold.
The word hypocrite is rooted in the Greek word hypokrites, which means “stage actor, pretender, dissembler.” So think of a hypocrite as a person who pretends to be a certain way, but really acts and believes the total opposite. Hypocrites usually talk a big talk but fail to follow their own rules — like an outspoken vegetarian who secretly eats bacon.
WORD FAMILY
hypocrite: hypocrites
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hamilton was no apologist for Jefferson, whose politics were “tinctured with fanaticism,” and who was “a contemptible hypocrite.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“God doesn’t want me to be a hypocrite,” she said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 25, 2016)
Resistance is for sore losers and hypocrites who would undermine democracy exactly as they accused the president-elect of wanting to do.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 伪君子，伪善者
分布：伪君子(80%)，伪善者(20%)
→词源同hypocrisy,伪善，虚伪。
伪君子(hypo在下面+crit+e评判→在背后评判别人→伪君子)[crit,cris=judge,discern,表示"判断,分辨"]
noun countable disapproving
■someone who says they have particular moral beliefs but behaves in way which shows these are not sincere 伪君子；伪善者（满口仁义道德，实际虚伪可耻的人）
• He's a hypocrite - he's always lecturing other people on the environment but he drives around in a huge great car. 他是个伪君子——他总教导别人要保护环境，但他自己却到处开着一辆废气排量很大的汽车。
n. 伪君子；伪善者
 - pseudo, dissembler

Word: bazaar
Front: bazaar
[bəˈzɑ:(r)] (六宝 15634/12205 -1)
Vocabulary: bazaar
(once / 1438 pages)
n
A bazaar is a market that has rows and rows of little shops selling miscellaneous stuff — like tube socks, velvet paintings, and corn on the cob.
Bazaar is originally a Persian word, and means "marketplace" all over the Middle East. The word was picked up by the Italians, and spread through Europe and into English. At a bazaar in Istanbul, you'd find food, electronics, clothes — useful stuff. In English, we tend to use bazaar for something closer to a flea market. Although they sound alike, bazaar has no relation to bizarre (the super weird).
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
bazaar / bizarre
Bazaar and bizarre might sound alike but a bazaar is a market and bizarre describes something kooky. There could be a bizarre bazaar run by monkeys selling people feet.
A bazaar is usually a market in the Middle East. Picture lots of booths with merchants selling their wares. It's crowded, with haggling going on all around and pungent smells from the food vendors. Istanbul's Grand Bazaar is a good example. The American version of a bazaar is quite tame by comparison. It's a temporary (usually a day or two) market offering various goods for sale for a charitable cause, such as a church or school. Here are some examples of both:
Abdul Halim, an Afghan Special Forces sergeant, happened to be passing through the bazaar in his truck. (New York Times)
Arab Festival: Food, coffeehouse, children's activities, fashion show, bazaar, performances, panel discussions, noon-7 p.m. (Seattle Times)
Cochise College Adult Education will host a craft bazaar fundraiser from 10 am to 3 pm Wednesday, Nov. 17 at the Sierra Vista Campus. (Sierra Vista Herald)
The other half of our word pair, bizarre, is an adjective meaning strange or very unusual, wacky, odd:
Cain's bizarre ad had mustached campaign manager Mark Block blowing cigarette smoke at the camera. (New York Times)
The video, which was posted days ago but gained Internet traction on Tuesday, was called "bizarre" and "strange" in some media reports. (Reuters)
The only reason you might get bazaar and bizarre mixed up is that they sound the same. You won't find them together often, unless you're in the market for some human toes.
WORD FAMILY
bazaar: bazaars
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps her anxieties about acting are what prevent her from generating projects, hawking her wares at the bazaar.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The local bazaar, on dusty land east of the river, was a no-go zone — full-on enemy turf.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The historic Times Square theater was transformed into a bazaar inspired by its current show, “Mother Africa: My Home.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 街市，市场; 百货商店; 义卖，义卖市场
分布：市集(62%)，商场(32%)，义卖的地方(6%)
→来自波斯语，集市，现指超市，印度各地可见Big Bazaar。
【记】源自波斯语，原指东方国家的大集市，今天的中国新疆一带仍把集市叫”巴扎”
US [-'zɑ:r] noun countable
■an area of small shops and people selling things, especially in the Middle East and South Asia, or any group of small shops or people selling goods of the same type （尤指中东和印度的）市场，市集
■an event where people sell things to raise money, especially for an organization which helps other people 义卖
• a Christmas bazaar 圣诞义卖
n. 集市；市场；义卖市场
 - exchanges, mart, plaza

Word: gleefully
Front: gleefully
['ɡli:fəlɪ] (15632/19526)
Vocabulary: gleefully
(once / 3095 pages)
adv
When you do something gleefully, you do it in an extremely happy way. If two kids call to each other gleefully across the playground, there's laughter and delight in their voices.
Wedding guests might rush gleefully onto the dance floor when the DJ plays a popular song, and a child who is trick or treating for the first time will often gleefully dress in her ghost costume and even more gleefully watch her plastic pumpkin fill with Halloween candy. The adjective gleeful and related noun glee are at the root of gleefully, all of them sharing the Latin root word gliu, "entertainment, mirth, jest, or play."
WORD FAMILY
gleeful: gleefulest, gleefully, gleefulness+/ glee: gleeful, glees
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the guest speakers, a self-described “technology guru” for the then-fledgling Clinton administration gleefully informed us that we were all dinosaurs.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Headlines gleefully predicted the demise of the GOP.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
“My audience hates your guts more!” she retorts, leading him to gleefully respond, “My audience would like to stab you relentlessly in the eye.”
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adv. 高兴地
分布：愉快地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
欣喜的；激动的；（常指）幸灾乐祸的
Someone who is gleeful is happy and excited, often because of someone else's bad luck.
例：He took an almost gleeful delight in showing how wrong they can be.他几乎是幸灾乐祸地指出他们大错特错。
adv. 欢欣地；极快乐地
 - jubilantly

Word: mid-morning

Word: consulate
Front: consulate
[ˈkɒnsjələt] (15593/21559 -1)
Vocabulary: consulate
(once / 1164 pages)
n
One of the buildings where diplomats work is called a consulate. Many countries have both an American embassy and an American consulate.
A consul is a diplomat who works in a foreign country as her home country's representative. The consul's offices are located in the consulate. A traveler might visit his own country's consulate when he's traveling abroad and needs help of some kind — for example, if his passport has been stolen or he's gotten into legal trouble. The root of consulate is the Latin consul, "magistrate," from consulere, "to deliberate or counsel."
WORD FAMILY
consulate: consulates+/ consul: consular, consuls, consulship/consular: consulate /consulship: consulships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Consulate General in Istanbul on Sunday warned American citizens to keep their movements in the city “to an absolute minimum,” The Associated Press reported.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Consulate General in Istanbul on Sunday warned American citizens to keep their movements in the city “to an absolute minimum.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
“Attack the embassies and consulates of Turkey and all coalition countries where you are,” the message said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 领事馆; 领事职位; 领事任期
分布：领事(51%)，领事馆(49%)
US ['kɑ:n.sjə-] noun countable
■the office where a consul works 领事馆
• the Cuban consulate in Mexico City 驻墨西哥城的古巴领事馆

Word: self-proclaimed
Front: self-proclaimed
[ˈselfprəˈkleimd] None
Back: adj. 自称的
分布：自称的(100%)
[ˌself.prə'kleɪmd] mainly disapproving
adjective
■said or announced about yourself 自称的，自命的
• He's a self-proclaimed expert on national defence. 他自称是位精通国防的专家。
adj. 自称的
 - soi-disant

Word: insinuate
Front: insinuate
[ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt] (托宝 15647/21220)
Vocabulary: insinuate
(once / 733 pages)
v
Insinuate means you imply or suggest something that may or may not be true. If you say things seemed to go wrong about the time your brother took over, you insinuate that he had something to do with the decline.
There's another way to insinuate. Suppose you're in line to get into a popular dance club when a celebrity appears, surrounded by a big entourage. If you strike up a conversation with one of the entourage, you may be able to insinuate that you're part of the group and go in with them. Don't feel bad — people have been doing it at least since the 1520s, when insinuate evolved from the Latin word insinuare, meaning "wind one's way into."
WORD FAMILY
insinuate: insinuated, insinuates, insinuating, insinuation +/insinuating: insinuatingly/ insinuation: insinuations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Russian state television insinuated that activists filming in Aleppo were not actually civilians.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Cheap materials called perovskites are insinuating themselves into silicon solar cells—a first step toward ultimately usurping the reigning cell material.
Science Magazine(Dec 07, 2016)
Whether loud and vulgar or insinuated and masked, racial bias in the state prison system is a fact of life.
New York Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: v. 暗示; 巧妙或迂回地潜入; （使）缓慢进入; 慢慢伸入
时态：insinuated, insinuating, insinuates
分布：暗示(63%)，迂回进入(19%)，含沙射影的说(9%)，迂回进行(9%)
→in-,进入，使，-sin,弯曲，词源同sine,sinuous.引申词义影射，旁敲侧击。
暗示;巧妙巴结(in进入+sinu+ate→进入弯曲→不直接表达→暗示)[Sinu=bend,表示"弯曲"]
【记】in进入，sinu弯曲，ate－绕弯说出来－含沙射影
【参】sinuous（adj 蜿蜒的；不老实的）
verb transitive
■to suggest, without being direct, that something unpleasant is true 含沙射影地说
• [+ (that)] Are you insinuating (that) I'm losing my nerve? 你是在暗示我胆怯了吗？
• What are you insinuating, Daniel? 丹尼尔，你究竟在影射甚么？
[ɪn'sɪn.ju.eɪt] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] insinuate yourself into sth formal disapproving
■to use clever, secret and often unpleasant methods to gradually become part of something 钻营，钻谋
• Over the years she insinuated herself into the great man's life. 这些年来她费尽心机一步步地走进了这位伟人的生活。
vt. 暗示；使逐渐而巧妙地取得；使迂回地潜入
 - imply, hint at
vi. 暗讽；说含沙射影的话
 - speak at

Word: miscellaneous
Front: miscellaneous
[ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs] (15608/14411 -1)
Vocabulary: miscellaneous
(once / 1173 pages)
adj
Something miscellaneous is made up of an odd bunch of things — things you might not expect to go together. A breakfast bar, a DVD, and a credit card bill are miscellaneous items that may be in your backpack.
The word miscellaneous comes from the Latin word miscere, meaning “to mix.” You might have heard the expression “a mixed bag,” which applies when you don’t quite know what you’re going to get. That’s true of a bag of miscellaneous objects, too. You might pull out socks and a stick of butter — two things that don’t seem to go together. Similarly, miscellaneous can describe something with many variations, like a person who expresses herself in many different ways.
WORD FAMILY
miscellaneous: miscellaneously
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Most of the incidents were wildland fires, some structure fires and other miscellaneous fires.”
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Scientists, mathematicians and miscellaneous brainiacs collect kudos and cash in the special “Breakthrough Prize.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
“In response to employee concerns tied to office clutter and cleanliness, leadership cleared out a common area containing miscellaneous items,” she said.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 各种各样的; 五花八门的; 混杂的; 多方面的
分布：杂项(77%)，杂货(10%)，多方面的(7%)，性质混杂的(4%)，各种的(2%)
→来自miscellany,混合体。
混杂的,混合的(miscel[=misc]+aneous...的)[Misc=mix,表示"混淆"]
各种各样的(miscell混杂)[-aneous表形容词"…有;...特征的"]
adjective
■consisting of a mixture of various things which are not usually connected with each other 混杂的；各种各样的
• miscellaneous household items 各种各样的家庭用品
adj. [经] 混杂的，各种各样的；多方面的，多才多艺的
 - various, jumbly

Word: somewhat
Front: somewhat
[ˈsʌmwɒt] (研四六托雅 1897/1966 -K3)
Back: adv. 稍微; 有点; 达到某种程度
n. 少量; 某些数量; 某种程度
分布：有些(45%)，多少(19%)，一些(14%)，稍微(13%)，几分(6%)，某物(3%)
pron. & ad.一点儿,几分I am somewhat tired of this work.我对这个工作有点厌倦了 .
US [-wɑ:t] slightly formal
adverb
 ADVANCED
■slightly 有点，稍微有些
• The resort has changed somewhat over the last few years. 近几年来，这个旅游胜地出现了些变化。
• She's somewhat more confident than she used to be. 她比过去自信了一些。
• We were somewhat tired after our long walk. 走了很长的路之后，我们有些累了。
somewhat of
■to some degree 在某种程度上，有些
• She was known for being somewhat of a strange character. 大家都觉得她性格有些怪。
adv. 有点；多少；几分；稍微
 - how, any

Word: bottle
Front: bottle
[ˈbɒtl] (中高 1740/1584 -K4)
Vocabulary: bottle
(once / 133 pages)
nv
A bottle is a container, often made of glass, that gets narrower toward the top. You can choose to buy soda in cans or bottles.
Some people drink chocolate milk from a bottle, and others prefer to sip a bottle of beer. Babies drink from a bottle that's made of glass or plastic and topped with a nipple. To bottle something is to put or store it — usually a liquid or a gas — in bottles. Colloquially, someone "hits the bottle" when they drink too much alcohol. And if you keep your feelings to yourself, you can say you tend to "bottle things up."
WORD FAMILY
bottle: bottled, bottleful, bottler, bottles, bottling+/bottler: bottlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
We sweetened our offer by agreeing to buy everyone a bottle of the fragrance Empire by Trump.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“Happy New Year!” shouts an older man swigging from a plastic bottle of vodka on the subway platform.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Investigators believe the Tunisian cook, 26, confronted Daniel R after he and another Pole stole two bottles of drink from the premises on Saturday.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 瓶子; 一瓶（的量）; （婴儿）奶瓶; 酒
vt. 把…装入瓶中; 控制
vi. （街头艺人演出后）收拢钱币
时态：bottled, bottling, bottles
分布：瓶子(96%)，抑制(3%)，把 ... 装入瓶内(1%)
→来自拉丁词buttis, 酒桶。-le, 小词后缀。见butler, 酒管，管家。
n.瓶(子)v.装瓶The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.
US ['bɑ:.tˌl] noun
CONTAINER 容器
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a container for liquids, usually made of glass or plastic, with a narrow neck 瓶，瓶子
• a milk bottle 牛奶瓶
• a wine bottle 酒瓶
• a bottle of beer/whisky 一瓶啤酒／威士卡
• Plastic bottles are lighter than glass ones. 塑胶瓶比玻璃瓶轻。
countable
■a special container with a rubber top for giving milk and other drinks to a baby 婴儿奶瓶
• Give the baby her bottle when she wakes up. 婴儿醒来时用奶瓶给她喂奶。
• Most medical experts believe that breast-feeding is better than bottle -feeding. 大多数医疗专家认为，母乳喂养比人工喂养好。
UK ['bɒt.l] US ['bɑ:.tˌl] noun
BRAVERY 勇敢
uncountable UK slang approving
■bravery or willingness to take risks 勇敢，勇气；愿意冒险
• It took a lot of bottle to do what she did. 做她所做的事需要极大的勇气。
UK ['bɒt.l] US ['bɑ:.tˌl] noun
the bottle informal
■the habit of regularly drinking a lot of alcohol 酗酒
• She started to hit the bottle (= drink too much alcohol) after her divorce. 她离婚后就开始酗酒了。
UK ['bɒt.l] US ['bɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
■to put something into bottles 装瓶
• often passive The wine is bottled at the vineyard. 葡萄酒在葡萄园装瓶。
• To bottle fruit you put fresh fruit into special containers. 把水果装瓶，就是把新鲜的水果装入特制的容器里。
UK ['bɒt.l] US ['bɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  bottle out UK slang
■to suddenly decide not to do something because you feel frightened and lose your confidence 因缺乏勇气而退却；临阵退缩
• I was going to enter a belly-dancing contest, but I bottled out at the last minute. 我本打算参加肚皮舞比赛，但在最后时刻我打了退堂鼓。
UK ['bɒt.l] US ['bɑ:.tˌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] bottle sth up
■When a person bottles things up, they refuse to talk about things that make them angry or worried. 抑制，掩饰（不快或担忧）
vt. 控制；把…装入瓶中
 - possess, contain, regulate, bit, manage

Word: whaling
Front: whaling
[ˈweɪlɪŋ] (15560/13325 -1)
Back: n. 捕鲸业; 一阵痛打
vt. 捕鲸(whale的ing形式); 鞭打
分布：动词whale的现在分词形式.(100%)
noun uncountable
■the activity of hunting whales 捕鲸
v. 捕鲸；鞭打（whale的ing形式）
 - whipping

Word: clarinet
Front: clarinet
[ˌklærəˈnet] (15621/13348 -1)
Vocabulary: clarinet
(once / 5916 pages)
n
A clarinet is a woodwind instrument. A clarinet has a simple, straight tube with intricate keys, a single-reed mouthpiece, and a flared, bell-shaped end.
When you play the clarinet, you blow through the mouthpiece and make notes with your fingers on the keys. Clarinets are distinctive because they are straight, with a black body and silver keys, and have a large pitch range. The word clarinet comes from the French clarinette, the diminutive form of clarine. "little bell," which comes from clair, "bright or clear."
WORD FAMILY
clarinet: clarinetist, clarinets, clarinettist+/clarinetist: clarinetists
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s Quincy’s oldest continually operating organ, though it’s been without key parts that mimic clarinet sounds since the 1970s.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
That’s when Price surprised the group with six clarinets, four trumpets, three French horns and two flutes.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The symphony’s famous solos, especially those for clarinet, bassoon and horn, were exquisitely polished.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. [乐]单簧管; 竖笛; 黑管
分布：单簧管(66%)，黑管(20%)，竖笛(14%)
→来自clar-,清晰的，词源同clear.因这种乐器清脆的声音而得名。
US [ˌkler-] noun countable
■a tube-shaped musical instrument which is played by blowing through a single reed and pressing the metal keys to produce different notes 单簧管；黑管

Word: insignia
Front: insignia
[ɪnˈsɪgniə] (宝 15592/12151)
Vocabulary: insignia
(once / 3079 pages)
n
An insignia is a badge you wear to show your position or affiliation. If you're an Eagle Scout, you can wear that insignia, or, if you're a Red Sox fan, you might wear the team logo as your insignia.
The word insignia includes the word "sign" — an insignia is a sign that shows your connection to some organization. Military officers wear insignias that indicate their rank. When you watch the president of the United States give a speech, you'll see on the lectern the official presidential insignia — the circular seal with the eagle inside.
WORD FAMILY
insignia: insignias
USAGE EXAMPLES
He sat comfortably, his wheelchair pushed up against the rail, bundled in his red jacket and Chrome insignia hat.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Until a sleek MIG-31 fighter jet suddenly appears in a field, its muscular, stubby wings spreading to reveal their trademark red star insignia.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Astonishingly—incredibly—low-flying planes, bearing the distinctive red “meatball” insignia, appeared, dropping torpedoes and dive bombing.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 证章，官职的标志（如肩章、领章等）
分布：徽章(65%)，勋章(22%)，标记(13%)
→in-,进入，使，sign,标志。引申词义徽章等。
徽章;标识(in内+sign+ia→内部标志物→国徽)[sign=mark表示"记号,信号"]
袖章(in作为+sign标志+ia)[-ia 1.表名词"某种病"2.表名词"总称,状态"]
【记】源于sign（n 标记；符号；征候）
(plural insignia)
noun countable
■an object or mark which shows that a person belongs to a particular organization or group, or has a particular rank 徽章；权位标志
• the royal insignia 君王标志
n. 记号，标志；徽章；荣誉
 - symbol, honor, glory, seal, flag

Word: categorization
Front: categorization
[ˌkætəɡəraɪ'zeɪʃn] (15587/23782)
Vocabulary: categorization
(once / 119387 pages)
n
Categorization is the act of sorting and organizing things according to group, class, or, as you might expect, category. This noun is very similar in meaning to "assortment," "classification," and "compartmentalization."
When we discuss the differences between mammals and birds, or reptiles and amphibians, we are talking about the categorization of the animal kingdom. Another form of categorization is the way libraries shelve their books by subject, genre, and reading level. Rearranging all those books by color or size would be yet another kind of categorization, but not a very useful one for people wanting to check out lots of books about birds or reptiles.
WORD FAMILY
categorization: categorizations+/ categorical: categorically/categorise: categorisation, categorised/categorised: uncategorised/ categorize: categorization, categorized, categorizes, categorizing/categorized: uncategorized/ category: categoric, categorical, categories, categorise, categorize
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The suggestion that such categorizations are inherently offensive is nonsense,” Lane argued in earlier court documents.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The machines might be doing the learning, but there remains a strong human element in the initial categorization of the inputs.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
But it’s also a joke on how stubbornly he resists categorization.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: 编目方法，分门别类
分布：分门别类(100%)
VERB
对…进行分类;把…归类
If you categorize people or things, you divide them into sets or you say which set they belong to.
例：Lindsay, like his films, is hard to categorise...林赛这个人和他的电影一样，很难归类。
例：Make a list of your child's toys and then categorise them as sociable or antisocial.把孩子的玩具列个单子，然后将其分为交际型和非交际型两类。
n. 分类；分门别类；编目方法
 - classification, breakdown, ordination

Word: instigate
Front: instigate
[ˈɪnstɪgeɪt] (托宝 15639/11605 -1)
Vocabulary: instigate
(once / 1236 pages)
v
When you instigate something, you start it, but the word carries conflict with it. If you are suspended for wearing a political t-shirt, the incident might instigate days of protest by students and faculty.
Instigate comes from the Latin word instigare "to incite." People who are instigators often begin trouble but then back off and let others break the rules. If you instigate a food fight in the cafeteria, you might throw the first spoonful of mashed potatoes, but then you stop and let all the other students carry on the chaos. When something is instigated, the outcome tends to be unknown. The plan you instigate might not lead to the desired result.
WORD FAMILY
instigate: instigated, instigates, instigating, instigation, instigative, instigator+/instigation: instigations/instigator: instigators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ambrose accuses President Obama of breaking “records in polarizing the country” by stirring up class antagonisms, heightening racial tensions and helping instigate political stalemate.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The heptapods do not instigate action, they do not react violently, and they literally rise above the conflict.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Mr. Putin accused Mrs. Clinton of instigating protests against him in late 2011.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 教唆; 煽动; 激起
时态：instigated, instigating, instigates
分布：煽动(34%)，鼓动(24%)，教唆(22%)，怂恿(20%)
→in-,进入，使，-stig,刺，棍，词源同stick,instinct.引申词义唆使，煽动。
教唆,煽动(in进入+stig[=stinct]+ate→刺激[别人]内部→煽动)[sting,stinct,stimul=priek表示"刺,刺激"]
【记】in进入，stig＝sting（v 刺；刺激），ate－刺激；煽动in进入，sti死踢，gate门－进入到居民楼里，死踢每家的门，煽动大家起来反对法轮功。
【反】quell（v 镇压）
['ɪn.stɪ.geɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to cause an event or situation to happen by making a set of actions or a formal process begin 促使发生；发起
• The government will instigate new measures to combat terrorism. 政府将采取新措施打击恐怖主义。
• The revolt in the north is believed to have been instigated by a high-ranking general. 北方的叛乱据信是由一名高级将领唆使的。
vt. 唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿
 - encourage, fan

Word: minimalist
Front: minimalist
[ˈmɪnɪməlɪst] (托 15591/22483 -1)
Vocabulary: minimalist
(once / 13192 pages)
nadj
When you call a person a minimalist, you're describing their interest in keeping things very simple. A minimalist prefers the minimal amount or degree of something.
In art history, the minimalists were artists whose work involved extremely simple gestures and ideas. The art they created is also referred to as minimalist. A white canvas with one black line might be a typical minimalist painting. But anyone who likes things very simple could be called a minimalist. A president who takes a hands-off approach to policy, a composer who only plays one note, a designer who puts only a bed in a bedroom: they're all minimalists.
WORD FAMILY
minimalist: minimalists+/ minimal: minimalism, minimally/ minimalism: minimalist
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’s clearly a disciple of pioneering tape-loop Minimalists like Terry Riley and Steve Reich using far more modern gear.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The walls were white, and the décor was minimalist.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
At Paris fashion week, a few weeks later, Kim’s sister Kendall wore a minimalist black bandeau top that echoed Kim’s look.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 极简抽象艺术的，极简抽象风格的; 最低必须限度的
n. 极简抽象派艺术家，极简派音乐家; 保守派
分布：最低限要求者(100%)
→来自拉丁语minimus,最小的，-ist,人。引申词义极简主义者。minimalist 极简主义者
adjective
SIMPLE 简单的
■belonging or relating to a style in art, design and theatre that uses the smallest range of materials and colours possible, and only very simple shapes or forms 极简抽象派艺术的，极简抽象派风格的，简约主义的
• minimalist painting 极简抽象艺术派画作
• The set for the ballet is minimalist - white walls and a chair. 这场芭蕾舞的布景极为简约——白墙和一张椅子。
['mɪn.ɪ.mə.lɪst] adjective
NOT DOING MUCH 不行动的
■taking or showing as little action and involvement in a situation as possible （行动或干预）尽量少的
• the party's minimalist approach to economic policy 这个党派的最低限度干预的经济政策
['mɪn.ɪ.mə.lɪst] noun countable
■an artist or designer who uses a minimalist style 极简抽象派艺术家（或设计师）

Word: sickle
Front: sickle
[ˈsɪkl] (15609/15810 -1)
Back: n. 镰刀; 收割机中的切割装置
vt. 用镰刀割…; 使（红血细胞）成镰状
vi. 呈现出一种异常的月牙状，用于指红血细胞
分布：镰刀(100%)
→来自古英语 sicol,来自通俗拉丁语*sicila,来自拉丁语 secula,镰刀，来自 secare,砍，切，来自 sek,砍，切，词源同 segment,secateurs.
noun countable
■a tool with a short handle and a curved blade, used for cutting grass and grain crops 镰刀 Compare scythe
n. [农机] 镰刀
 - grasshook, reaphook

Word: altruistic
Front: altruistic
[ˌæltrʊ'ɪstɪk] (宝 15735/18809)
Vocabulary: altruistic
(once / 7429 pages)
adj
Someone who is altruistic always puts others first. An altruistic firefighter risks his life to save another's life, while an altruistic mom gives up the last bite of pie so her kid will be happy.
This word comes from the Old French altruistic and means "other people" and before that the Latin alter, which means "other." Our current word comes from the nineteenth century and comes from philosophy. It means that it's important for people to be concerned with the good of others and to act unselfishly. When the word refers to the animal world, it means behavior that may actually harm the individual animal but will benefit the species in general. This is a truly selfless act!
WORD FAMILY
altruistic: altruistically+/ altruism: altruisms, altruist/altruist: altruistic, altruists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her earnest, altruistic impulses coexist with a deep misanthropy she can’t quite suppress.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
When people experience awe—looking up at a majestic sequoia, for example—they become more altruistic and cooperative.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
“It’s not just about being altruistic, this is about our own economic livelihood,” said school spokesman Dirk Moore.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 利他的，无私心的
分布：无私的(71%)，利他主义的(29%)
adjective
■showing a wish to help or bring advantages to other people, even if it results in disadvantage for yourself 利他的，无私心的
• I doubt whether her motives for donating the money are altruistic - she's probably looking for publicity. 我怀疑她捐钱的动机是否出于无私——很可能是沽名钓誉罢了。

Word: undetected
Front: undetected
[ˌʌndɪˈtektɪd] (15660/18643)
Back: adj. 未被觉察的，未被发现的; 未探测到的
分布：未被发现的(76%)，未被觉察的(24%)
未被发觉的(un不+detect+ed)[tect=cover,表示"盖上"]
ADJ
未被发现的；未被识破的；未被查出的
If you are undetected or if you do something undetected, people do not find out where you are or what you are doing.
例：...the spy ring had a fifth member as yet still undetected...这个间谍团伙还有第五名成员未被查出。
例：They managed to get away from the coast undetected.他们设法神不知鬼不觉地离开了海岸。
adj. 未被发现的；未检测到的
 - undiscovered, unfound

Word: bewildering
Front: bewildering
[bɪˈwɪldərɪŋ] (宝 15654/11248)
Back: adj. 让人困惑的
v. 使迷惑(bewilder的ing形式)
分布：令人困惑的(80%)，动词bewilder的现在分词形式.(10%)，使人混乱的(10%)
US [-dɚ.ɪŋ] adjective
■confusing and difficult to understand 令人困惑的；令人不知所措的
• He gave me directions to his house, but I found them utterly bewildering. 他告诉我到他家的路，但我发现他指的路让人完全摸不着头绪。
■making you feel confused because you cannot decide what you want 使人困惑的
• The college offers a bewildering range of courses. 学院开设了一大堆令人眼花缭乱的课程。
v. 使迷惑（bewilder的ing形式）
 - confusing, puzzling

Word: waning
Front: waning
['weɪnɪŋ] (15655/34227)
Vocabulary: waning
(once / 1939 pages)
nadj
If the moon was full, and now it's getting slimmer each night, it's a waning moon: it's getting gradually smaller.
Waning can be used for anything that diminishes, like the brightness of the sunlight in the late afternoon, your interest in cartoons, or your influence over your teenage daughter's fashion choices. It comes from the Old English verb wǫnian, which means "to lessen."
WORD FAMILY
waning: wanings+/ wane: waned, wanes, waning
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Those numbers definitely indicate automakers are trying to stimulate demand that might be waning a little bit,” Acevedo said.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
In the waning years of the Depression, the school was a job creator and bright spot in the metro Kansas City area.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In the waning days of January, the far-less bright Mars and the ebullient Venus are about 5 degrees away from one another.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: adj. （月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的
n. 月亏
v. 衰落( wane的现在分词 ); （月）亏; 变小; 变暗淡
分布：逐渐减弱或变小的(67%)，动词wane的现在分词形式.(33%)
【记】wan完，ing：完了－衰退的
【参】wane（v 变小；衰落；n 月亏；衰退期）
【反】resurgence（n 苏醒）－waning vitally（迅速衰退）；burgeoning（迅速生长的）
VERB
衰落;减少
If something wanes, it becomes gradually weaker or less, often so that it eventually disappears.
例：While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.他对这些运动项目的兴趣开始减退，倒是对橄榄球开始有了热情。
例：...her mother's waning strength.她母亲日渐不济的体力
PHRASE
减弱;衰落
If something is on the wane, it is becoming weaker or less.
例：He was nominally Deputy Prime Minister, certainly, but his influence was clearly on the wane...当然，他名义上是副首相，但是显然他的影响力正在下降。
例：In 1982, with his career prospects on the wane, he sold a script for £5,000.1982年，他的事业走下坡路时，以5,000英镑的价钱卖了个剧本。
VERB
(月)缺，亏
When the moon is waning, it is showing a smaller area of brightness each day as it changes from a full moon to a new moon.
例：The moon was waning, and each day it rose later.月亮渐亏，每天出现的时间也越来越晚。
例：...a sky silvered by a waning moon.被下弦月染成银色的天空
n. 减弱；月亏
 - decrescence, let-up

Word: fifty-five
Front: fifty-five
[f:ftifaiv] None
Back: n. 无酒精啤酒
分布：五十五(100%)

Word: chairwoman
Front: chairwoman
[ˈtʃeəwʊmən] (高 15732/26627)
Back: n. 女主席，女议长
分布：女主席(63%)，女董事长(37%)
US ['tʃer-] noun countable
■a female chairman 女主席；女委员长；女主持人

Word: brunette
Front: brunette
[bru:ˈnet] (15724/24658)
Back: n. 黑头发的妇女，咖啡色头发的女人，深褐色头发的白人女子
adj. （头发等）黑色的，深褐色的; 具有黑色或深褐色头发和浅黑色皮肤的
分布：=brunet.(100%)
→brun, 棕褐色，同brown. -ette, 小词后缀。
noun countable
■a white woman or girl with dark hair 深色头发的白人女子
• a tall brunette 深色头发、个子高佻的白人女子
adj. 深色的
 - dark, melanocratic

Word: croon
Front: croon
[kru:n] (宝 15619/22173 -1)
Vocabulary: croon
(once / 2511 pages)
v
To croon is to sing a soft or emotional song. A father might croon a lullaby to his baby as she falls asleep. Elvis Presley was known to croon to the ladies.
The verb croon is originally a Scottish word, from the Middle Dutch root kronen, "to lament or mourn." When you croon, you hum or sing in a soft, low voice, like your heart is breaking. You might croon to your child or sweetheart, or maybe you croon in the shower. In the 1930s and 40s, a "crooner" was a singer who was known for specializing in sentimental jazz songs.
WORD FAMILY
croon: crooned, crooner, crooning, croons+/ crooner: crooners/crooning: croonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cyrus, 24, shed tears as the little girl crooned and Hemsworth, 26, said “Wow! You were amazing” after the song was over.
Time(Dec 31, 2016)
While  discussing “Singin’ in the Rain,” she started to croon “Moses Supposes.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Some day, when I’m awfully low,” Sinatra crooned as “The Way You Look Tonight” began.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 低声歌唱; 柔情地轻哼﹑轻唱或低声述说; 深情地唱
n. 轻唱，轻哼; 低吟，低吟声
时态：crooned, crooning, croons
分布：轻哼(26%)，低吟(25%)，低声歌唱(21%)，低吟声(14%)，轻哼声(14%)
→拟声词，模仿浅吟低唱的声音。
【记】cr哭，roon＝room：一个人躲在屋子里哭，既然是躲在屋子里哭，肯定是不想让别人知道（可能是考了240），这样声音就会比较温柔。即使你不温柔，我在门外头听着也不会是很大的声音。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to sing or talk in a sweet low voice full of emotion 柔声低唱；吟唱；低语

Word: buoy
Front: buoy
[bɔɪ] (宝 14024/21059 -1)
Vocabulary: buoy
(once / 645 pages)
nv
A buoy is a floating marker that indicates the presence of underwater hazards, channels, or places for tying up boats. When buoy is a verb, it can mean to float like a buoy, literally or figuratively. Winning an award could buoy your spirits as if you are floating with pride.
The verb buoy can mean "boost or increase." There aren't many things that will buoy your confidence as much as repeated compliments on how great your new haircut looks. Imagine seeing water buoy up an enormous swan, or the wind buoy up a kite. A more figurative meaning of buoy is to cheer or lift someone's spirits. One way to remember buoy's unusual spelling is the phrase, "Boats usually opt to steer around a buoy."
WORD FAMILY
buoy: buoyant, buoyed, buoying, buoys+/ buoyancy: buoyancies/ buoyant: buoyancy, buoyantly, chirpily, non-buoyant
USAGE EXAMPLES
To be fair, it isn’t only the cheerfulness of the film that buoys me and provides newfound emotional strength.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Economic fundamentals and many analysts point to positive signs that buoy the case for a continued march upward.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Those results were partially buoyed by a burst of spending in the final days before Christmas, when sales rose 6.5%, according to RetailNext.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 浮标; 救生圈; 航标
vt. 使浮起; 支持，鼓励
时态：buoyed, buoying, buoys
分布：浮标(62%)，救生圈(17%)，支持(7%)，浮筒(5%)，鼓励(5%)，使浮起(2%)，救生衣(1%)，用浮标指示(1%)
→词源同beacon, 灯塔。来自PIE *bha, 照明，闪光。
【记】boy＋u（象大水坑）：男孩掉进大水坑－需要救生圈。
【参】buoyancy（n 浮动，快乐）
【反】unsupported（adj 无支持的）－buoyed（adj 支持的）；sink（v 沉下）
US ['bu:.i] noun countable
■a floating object on the top of the sea, which is used for directing ships and warning them of possible danger 浮标，航标
UK [bɔɪ] US ['bu:.i] verb
FLOAT 浮
transitive
■to prevent someone or something from sinking 使浮起
• The very salty water buoyed her (up) as she swam. 她游泳时正是碱水使她漂浮了起来。
UK [bɔɪ] US ['bu:.i] verb
MAKE HAPPIER 鼓舞
transitive usually passive
■to make someone feel happier or more confident about a situation 鼓舞；鼓励，使…更自信
• She was buoyed (up) by the warm reception her audience gave her. 观众们热烈的欢迎使她倍受鼓舞。
UK [bɔɪ] US ['bu:.i] verb
MAKE SUCCESSFUL 使更成功
transitive usually passive
■to support something and make it more successful 支持；使更成功
• House prices have been buoyed (up) in the area by the possibility of a new factory opening. 因为可能有一家新工厂即将开工，所以该地区的房价一直居高不下。
n. [水运] 浮标；浮筒；救生圈；航标
 - dan, drogue
vt. 使浮起；支撑；鼓励
 - encourage, support, heart, uphold, sustain

Word: Nicaraguan
Front: Nicaraguan
None (15596/17717)
Back: adj. 尼加拉瓜的
n. 尼加拉瓜人
分布：尼加拉瓜的(67%)，尼加拉瓜人(33%)
US [-'rɑ:g.wən] noun countable adjective
■Nicaraguan 尼加拉瓜人／尼加拉瓜的

Word: fast
Front: fast
[fɑ:st] (中高宝 1096/1833 -K4)
Vocabulary: fast
(once / 46 pages)
1adjadv 2adjadv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6vn
When you see fast, you might think of Olympic runner Usain "Lightning" Bolt or a Porsche 911 Turbo. Alternatively, and quite confusingly, fast also means to refrain from eating for a certain period, usually for religious reasons.
Fast is another of those deceptively simple words that have a number of other meanings beyond their most common usages. If something "sticks fast" it means it cannot be removed — like a leech or a stain. "To stand fast" means not to give up your point of view or to remain loyal. Then there's also the slang meaning of living beyond the constraints of normal behavior — as in "the fast life," "the fast track," or "the fast lane."
WORD FAMILY
fast: fasted, faster, fastest, fasting, fastingly, fastly, fastness, fasts+/faster: fasters/fastest: fastests/ fasting: fastings/fastness: fastnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
House prices grew much faster in eastern England and the West Midlands than in London, according to Zoopla.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
That’s the fastest in the country, though it’s slower than a few places in the world.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SpaceX plans to eventually change the design of the vessels to prevent buckles, which the company said will allow for faster loading operations.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 快的; 走得快; 感光快的; 紧的
adv. （比准确的时间或宣布的时间）快; 迅速地; 紧紧地; 彻底地
vi. 禁食，（尤指）斋戒
n. 禁食期，斋戒期; 断食，节食
时态：fasted, fasting, fasts
分布：快的(37%)，禁食(22%)，斋戒(17%)，迅速的(7%)，紧紧地(6%)，快速地(4%)，紧的(3%)，放荡的(3%)，深深地(1%)
→来自past,固定，稳固，进一步来自pag, 固定，连接，词源同fang, pact.用于宗教术语斋戒，绝食。同时由稳固的衍生词义快速的。类似词义演变参照very, 原义真实的，fair, 原义美丽的，或汉语成语欲速则不达。
a.快的,迅速的;坚固的ad.紧紧地;迅速地Your watch is 10 minutes fast.你的表快了十分钟.
【记】fast绝食要慢慢来，不能fast
【参】fasting（adj 禁食的n 禁食）
【反】loosely attach（宽松的连接）
US [fæst] adjective
QUICK 快的
 ESSENTIAL
■moving or happening quickly, or able to move or happen quickly 快的；迅速的；敏捷的
• fast cars 速度快的汽车
• a fast swimmer 速度快的游泳者
• Computers are getting faster all the time. 电脑的速度不断提升。
• The fast train (= one that stops at fewer stations and travels quickly) to London takes less than an hour. 到伦敦的快车需时不到一小时。
■If your watch or clock is fast, it shows a time that is later than the correct time. （钟表）走得快的
■specialized
■describes photographic film which allows you to take pictures when there is not much light or when things are moving quickly （照相胶片）感光快的
fast and furious
■describes something that is full of speed and excitement 快速激烈的，充满速度与激情的
• It's not a relaxing film - it's pretty fast and furious. 这不是一部轻松的电影——它节奏很快，扣人心弦。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的 old-fashioned disapproving
■without moral principles 放荡的
• a fast crowd 一群生活放荡的人
• a fast woman 淫妇
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adjective
FIXED 固定的
■If the colour of a piece of clothing is fast, the colour does not come out of the cloth when it is washed. （衣服）不褪色的
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■quickly
• The accident was caused by people driving too fast in bad conditions. 意外是因在恶劣环境下车速过快造成的。
• You'll have to act fast. 你必须迅速行动。
• Children's publishing is a fast-growing business. 儿童出版是一个发展迅速的行业。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adverb
as fast as your legs would carry you
■as quickly as possible 拚命地，尽快
• He scuttled back into the house as fast as his legs would carry him. 他匆忙地全速奔回屋里。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adverb
play fast and loose with sth/sb
■to treat something or someone without enough care 轻率地对待（某人或某事）
• Like many film-makers, he plays fast and loose with the facts to tell his own version of the story. 他和许多电影制作人一样，对事实不那么在乎，喜欢以自己的角度讲述故事。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adverb adjective
■firmly fixed 牢固地（的）
• The glue had set and my hand was stuck fast. 胶水凝固了，我的手被牢牢黏住。
• He tried to get away, but she held him fast. 他想逃走，但是她紧紧抓住了他。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] adverb adjective
hold/stand fast
■to firmly remain in the same position or keep the same opinion 屹立不动，不后退；坚持
• The rebels are standing fast and refuse to be defeated. 叛乱者拒不退让，坚持抵抗。
• He held fast to his principles. 他坚持自己的原则。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] noun countable
■a period of time when you eat no food 禁食期；斋戒期
• Hundreds of prisoners began a fast in protest about prison conditions. 数百名犯人开始绝食，抗议监狱条件太差。
UK [fɑ:st] US [fæst] verb intransitive
■to eat no food for a period of time 禁食；斋戒
• One day a week he fasts for health reasons. 他出于健康考量每周禁食一天。
fast, quickly
fast: 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点, run fast,
quickly: 侧重指某事完成或发生的快 answer the question quickly
hasty, quick, prompt, fast, instant, rapid, speedy, swift
hasty: 多指匆忙、草率或仓促的行动，着重缺乏深思熟虑。
quick: 特指瞬时动作，强调动作敏捷迅速；也指匆忙的行为，而不暗示速度很快。
prompt: 主要指动作迅速，毫不拖延，含“快得令人愉悦”的意味。
fast: 常指人或物持续地高速运动，强调运动的方式。
instant: 指某事很快发生或急待解决，含刻不容缓之意。
rapid: 比fast和quick正式，常指运动本身，侧重速度惊人。所指动作可能是短暂的，也可能是持续的。
speedy: 指人或物或其运动、活动时，着重极度的快捷，多含匆忙意味。
swift: 正式用词，强调非常迅速，往往含动作轻快敏捷之意。
adj. [摄] 快速的，迅速的；紧的，稳固的
 - rapid, sudden, tight, forward, ready
adv. 迅速地；紧紧地；彻底地
 - quickly, rapidly, thoroughly, entirely, completely, fully
n. 斋戒；绝食
 - apastia, starvation

Word: progressive
Front: progressive
[prəˈgresɪv] (研四六托 4228/4009 -2)
Vocabulary: progressive
(once / 457 pages)
1adjn 2adj 3n 4adj
People who are progressive favor reform and civil liberties: this is the opposite of conservative, and means something close to liberal.
Progressive people are interested in change and progress. You're a progressive thinker if you like to think up new ways of doing things and you’re open to change. You have a progressive attitude towards gender if you dress girls in blue and boys in pink to challenge stereotypes. Progressive also refers to a type of verb tense, and to taxes that increase as your income increases. This word applies to lots of things that slowly increase or keep making progress.
WORD FAMILY
progressive: nonprogressive, progressively, progressiveness, progressives, progressivism, progressivity, unprogressive+/progressivism: progressivisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Progressive voices, loud ones, will be needed to hold him accountable.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
The president’s next tweet hinted at progressive fears over Trump’s nomination of a number of climate change deniers to key positions in his cabinet.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Traditionally, progressives defined themselves, at least in part, by a desire for change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 不断前进的; 进步的; 进行的
n. 改革论者; 进步分子
分布：渐进的(42%)，先进的(27%)，进步分子(15%)，革新主义者(10%)，前进的(6%)
→来自progress,前进，进步。
进步的(progress+ive)[gress=go,walk表示"行走"]
a.进步的,先进的;前进的The progressive congressman dressed in black stressed his distress.穿着黑色衣服的进步国会议员强调了他的不幸.
adjective
GRADUAL 逐渐的
 ADVANCED
■developing or happening gradually 逐渐的；渐进的
• There's been a progressive decline in the standard of living over the past few years. 最近几年的生活水准每况愈下。
• a progressive disease 慢性病
[prə'gres.ɪv] adjective
MODERN 先进的
 ADVANCED
■describes ideas or systems which are new and modern, encouraging change in society or in the way that things are done （指思想或体制）进步的，先进的
• progressive ideas/attitudes 进步的思想
• The left of the party is pressing for a more progressive social policy. 该政党的左派人士敦促实行更加进步的社会政策。
• a progressive school 实行渐进式教学的学校
[prə'gres.ɪv] adjective
TAX 税
■describes a tax system in which the rate of tax is higher on larger amounts of money 累进（税）的
[prə'gres.ɪv] adjective
GRAMMAR 文法
■describes the form of a verb which is used to show that the action is continuing. It is formed with the verb 'be' followed by the present participle -ing form of the verb （动词）进行式的
• 'He's working hard at the moment' is an example of the present progressive form of the verb 'work'. He's working hard at the moment 是动词 work 的现在进行式的一个例子。
• 'I was eating when the phone rang' is an example of the past progressive. I was eating when the phone rang 是过去进行式的一个例子。
[prə'gres.ɪv] noun countable
■a person who supports new ideas and social change, especially one who belongs to a political party 支持进步政策者；改革派人士 Compare reactionary
adj. [数] 进步的；先进的
 - advanced, ascensive

Word: acoustic
Front: acoustic
[əˈku:stɪk] (宝 10194/9232 -2)
Vocabulary: acoustic
(once / 4244 pages)
1adj 2n
Acoustic means having to do with sound. In concert halls, acoustic panels direct the way sound moves. An audio engineer is trained in acoustic design for music recording.
If you prefer the softer sound of acoustic rock, it means you like rock played on acoustic instruments. These include the guitar, violin, 'cello, viola, or harp––anything really that does not rely on electrical amplification to be heard. If a room has good acoustics, it means sound travels clearly and consistently through the space, and it's good for concerts.
WORD FAMILY
acoustic: acoustical, acoustically, acoustician, acoustics +/acoustician: acousticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Another highlight is described in the report as the “acoustics, size, and incredibly ‘authentic’ character of the church.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And so the first thing Maestro Palombella did was to electronically map the acoustic in the Sistine Chapel.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Well, how about the simple sound of an acoustic guitar in a crowded church?
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 听觉的; 声学的; 原声的; 音响的
分布：听觉的(37%)，声音的(33%)，音响的(24%)，原声的(6%)
→来自词根acoust, 听，声音。
【记】acous读：我哭死，tic形容词后缀＝因哭而死的。这个问题值得讨论，据我了解，当一个人受到巨大打击（如：失恋）后，可以哭出一定的水平，比如频率很高，这就有可能导致声带破裂，甚至使旁人耳膜震裂，出血而死（比如：金毛狮王的狮子吼）。总之，这是一个有关声音的，听觉的问题。
adjective
■relating to sound or hearing 声音的；听觉的
• The microphone converts acoustic waves to electrical signals for transmission. 麦克风把声波转换成电信号进行传送。
■describes a musical instrument that is not made louder by electrical equipment （乐器）原声的，自然声的
• an acoustic guitar 原声吉他
[ə'ku:.stɪk] noun countable usually plural
■the way in which the structural characteristics of a building or room affect the qualities of musical or spoken sound （建筑物、房间的）传音效果，音响效果
• The concert was recorded in a French church that is famous for its acoustics. 这场音乐会是在一座以音响效果闻名的法国教堂内录制的。
adj. 声学的； [声] 音响的；听觉的
 - aural, auditive

Word: cursory
Front: cursory
[ˈkɜ:səri] (托宝 15656/13945)
Vocabulary: cursory
(once / 3959 pages)
adj
No reason to get excited — cursory has nothing to do with bad language. Instead, it means not paying attention to details, like friends who are so busy studying for a test that they only give your new haircut a cursory glance.
Cursory dates to the early 17th century, from the French word cursoire meaning "rapid," which comes from the Latin word "cursorius," meaning "hasty, of a race or running." Something that is cursory is done quickly, like a teacher who takes a cursory look at a pile of completed tests, not to grade them, but to see if anyone attempted the bonus questions.
WORD FAMILY
cursory: cursorily, precursory
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he conducted a cursory search on the model and deduced that type of aircraft usually carries soldiers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It’s not uncommon for a legislator to talk for four of those minutes, leaving the witness with time for little more than a cursory response.
Science Magazine(Dec 23, 2016)
Once I did a cursory scan of some of my favorite genre shows from 2016, this theme was everywhere.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗略的，草率的，仓促的; 肤皮潦草
分布：粗略的(67%)，草率的(26%)，匆匆忙忙的(7%)
→来自词根cur, 跑，词源同current, course.
草率的(curs+ory→跑过去→草率的)[cur(r),curs,cours=run,表示"跑,发生"]
【记】curs跑－干事情跑来跑去的，匆匆忙忙的，草草率率的
【参】excursion（n 远足；旅游）
【反】painstakingly thorough（认真的）；fastidious（adj 挑剔的）
US ['kɝ:.sɚ-] adjective
■quick and probably not detailed 仓促的；草草的；粗略的
• a cursory glance/look 匆匆一瞥
• a cursory examination 粗略的检查
adj. 粗略的；草率的；匆忙的
 - rough, brief

Word: severed
Front: severed
[se'vəd] (15625/19168)
Back: v. 切断，断绝( sever的过去式和过去分词 ); 断，裂
分布：切断的(86%)，动词sever的过去式和过去分词.(14%)
VERB
切开;割断;切下;割下
To sever something means to cut completely through it or to cut it completely off.
例：Richardson severed his right foot in a motorbike accident.理查森在一次摩托车事故中失去了他的右脚。
例：...oil still gushing from a severed fuel line.石油仍然从被切断的燃料运输管中喷涌而出
VERB
(突然)断绝，中断(关系)
If you sever a relationship or connection that you have with someone, you end it suddenly and completely.
例：She severed her ties with England...她断绝了和英国的往来。
例：He was able to sever all emotional bonds to his family.他切断了和家人的所有感情纽带。
adj. 切断的；隔断的
 - amputating, cutting-off
v. 断绝；分离（sever的过去分词）；割下
 - divided

Word: resell
Front: resell
[ˌri:ˈsel] (15635/24522)
Back: vt. 再卖，转售
时态：resold, reselling, resells
分布：转售(83%)，再卖(17%)
[ˌri:'sel] (resold, resold)
verb transitive
■to sell something which you previously bought 转售；转卖；再销售
• He buys up run-down properties, fixes them up and resells them. 他大量收购破败的房产，修葺后再转售。
vt. 转售；转卖；再卖
 - regrate

Word: he/she

Word: appendage
Front: appendage
[əˈpendɪdʒ] (宝 15598/20262)
Vocabulary: appendage
(once / 2103 pages)
n
Use the noun appendage to describe something that’s attached to something larger. Your arm is an appendage to your body.
Appendage often describes body parts, either on humans or animals. If it’s something that sticks out — like a finger, tail, or leg — chances are it can be called an appendage. The word can also be used figuratively to refer to something that’s associated with something larger or more important, like a husband who’s a mere appendage to his famous wife. In this sense, the word takes on a negative connotation: the appendage is not important.
WORD FAMILY
appendage: appendages+/ append: appendage, appendant, appended, appending, appends
USAGE EXAMPLES
The resulting book was, in Beam’s words, “a sleek little vehicle with a Winnebago-size appendage in tow.”
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
I think my favorite image is of a leg poking out from behind a pillar, the appendage of an unseen man.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
The first are the Afghan Taliban and its appendage the Haqqani network whose leaders remain ensconced in Peshawar and Quetta.
BBC(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 附属物; 依附的人; <生>附属器官; 附属肢体（如臂、腿、尾等）
分布：附加物(66%)，附属品(23%)，附属器官(11%)
附属物(append附上+age表示名词→附上的东西)[pend,pens=hang,表示"悬挂"]
附属物(append附属)[-age名词反缀1.表示"状态,总称"2.表示"场所,物品"3.表示"费用"]
【记】app读：我怕，end结束，age时候。我怕结束的时候。看金庸小说和琼瑶电视剧的时候大家一定有这种体会，当它们快结束的时候，你不希望它们结束，你还想继续看下去，这就出现了续集，其实就是原作的一种附加物。
【参】appendix（n 附录，[解]阑尾）；pendulum（n 钟摆）
formal
noun countable
■something which exists as a smaller and less important part of something larger 附加物，附属物
• The committee is a mere appendage of the council and has no power of its own. 这个委员会只是政务会的一个附属机构，本身没有任何权力。
• The organism has small leaf-like appendages. 这种生物长有很小的叶状附属器官。
■an arm, leg or other body part 附肢；附（属）器（指臂、腿或身体其他部位）
• He had a tattoo on every visible appendage. 他四肢裸露的地方都刺有纹身。
n. 附加物；下属； [动] [解剖] 附器（如植物的枝叶和动物的腿尾）
 - affixture, annexment

Word: intermittently
Front: intermittently
[ˌɪntə'mɪtəntlɪ] (15668/13757)
Vocabulary: intermittently
(once / 6414 pages)
adv
The adverb intermittently describes something that starts, then stops, then starts up again. If you studied intermittently last night, that means sometimes you studied but sometimes you took breaks to do other things.
If something happens intermittently, it doesn’t happen all the time or in a steady flow, but goes in fits and starts. It might rain intermittently on Monday or your car might intermittently refuse to start. Make sure you spell intermittently with two “t”s. You can blame the Latin for that: intermittently evolved from the Latin root intermittĕre, which means “to cease.”
WORD FAMILY
intermittent: intermittence, intermittency, intermittently +/intermittence: intermittences/intermittency: intermittencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The quakes continued to strike intermittently early Sunday.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The seepage was first detected by infrared cameras on Saturday, and continued intermittently through Monday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Intermittently they removed the pistol he used from its evidence bag in the centre of the courtroom.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adv. 间歇地; 断断续续
分布：间歇地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
间歇的;断断续续的
Something that is intermittent happens occasionally rather than continuously.
例：After three hours of intermittent rain, the game was abandoned.3 个小时断断续续的降雨之后,比赛取消了。

Word: flush
Front: flush
[flʌʃ] (研四六托雅宝 5935/5416 -2)
Vocabulary: flush
(once / 171 pages)
1vn 2vn 3adjvadv 4adjn 5n 6adv
When you empty something out with a liquid, you flush it. You might also be flush with cash, meaning you have a lot of it. Just don't flush that cash down the toilet!
Your face can flush, and the sky can flush at sunset when it glows with shades of pink. You can also use flush as an adjective to mean "lined up" or "level," like when you hang a medicine cabinet in your bathroom, making sure it's flush against the wall. Yet another meaning of a flush is a peak or boom — a professional poker player might describe her period of winning game after game as a flush.
WORD FAMILY
flush: flushed, flushes, flushing, flushingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s the quintessential American mall, once flush with people, now scraping along as national retailers shudder.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Put away the mobile devices and flush the illicit drugs down the drain.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
After her arrival, they began flushing the wound with a saline solution and treating it with antibiotic ointments, but the lesion wouldn’t heal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 脸红; 呈红色; 奔流; 冲刷
adj. 满面红光的; 富足的，丰富的; 盈满的，没过的; 水平的，同高的
n. 奔流，涌出; 脸红或发亮; 发热; 强烈情感的冲动
vt. 发红或发亮; 使兴奋或得意; （以水）冲刷，冲洗; 冲掉，除掉
时态：flushed, flushing, flushes
分布：冲洗(72%)，脸红(17%)，发红(9%)，将某人赶出(2%)
→拟声词，模仿冲洗奔流的声音，词义与flash出现重合。由流出引申词义水平，同高。同花顺义来自拉丁语fluere, 流动，流畅，词源同fluent.
奔流,冲洗(flu+sh表动词→流动→冲洗→;参考：dash猛冲)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
n.脸红v.发红;奔流a.洋溢的;富裕的;齐平的The river is flush with rain.那条河因雨而泛滥.
【记】flu冲，sh：自己想！
【参】blush（v/n 脸红）
verb
BECOME RED 变红
intransitive
■When you flush, you become red in the face, especially as a result of strong emotions, heat or alcohol 发红；脸红
• She flushed with pleasure as she accepted the prize. 她领奖时高兴得红光满面。
• The champagne had caused his face to flush. 香槟使他脸色发红。
[flʌʃ] verb
TOILET 洗手间
intransitive or transitive
■If you flush a toilet, or if a toilet flushes, its contents empty and it fills with water again 冲洗（抽水马桶）
• My children never flush the loo/toilet after them. 我的孩子们用过马桶后从来不冲。
• I can't get the toilet to flush. 我无法让马桶冲水。
flush sth down the toilet
■to get rid of something by putting it in the toilet and operating the toilet 从马桶冲走
• I tend to flush old medicines down the toilet. 我往往用马桶冲走过期药品。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sb/sth out
■to force a person or animal to leave a place where they are hiding 把（人或动物）从隐蔽处驱赶出来
• Planes bombed the guerrilla positions yesterday in an attempt to flush out snipers from underground tunnels. 飞机昨天轰炸了游击队的驻地，试图把狙击手从地下坑道中逼出来。
• We used a dog to flush the rabbits out. 我们用一条狗把那些野兔赶出来。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sb out
■to do something in order to discover people who have been dishonest 使（不诚实的人）暴露出来
• By cross-checking claims, we will flush out the fraudsters. 透过反复核对索赔请求，我们会把欺诈者揪出来的。
[flʌʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] flush sth out
■to remove something using a sudden flow of water （用水流）清除，冲洗
• Drink a lot of water to flush the toxins out of your system. 大量饮水来清除体内的毒素。
[flʌʃ] adjective
LEVEL 水准的
■at the same level as another surface （与另一平面）齐平的
• I want the light fittings to be flush with the ceiling. 我想让灯具配件与天花板齐平。
[flʌʃ] adjective
RICH 富有的
[after verb] informal
■having a lot of money 有钱的，富有的
• I've just been paid so I'm feeling flush. 我刚领了薪金，所以感觉挺有钱的。
[flʌʃ] noun
RED COLOUR 红色
countable
■a red colour that appears on your face or other skin because you are embarrassed, hot, etc. 脸红、皮肤发红（因尴尬、发热等原因）
• A faint pink flush coloured her cheeks. 她的双颊泛出淡淡的红晕。
⇒ See also hot flush
[flʌʃ] noun
SUDDEN FEELING 一阵感觉
a flush of anger/excitement/pleasure, etc.
■a sudden strong feeling of anger, excitement, pleasure, etc. 一阵愤怒／激动／高兴
[flʌʃ] noun
TOILET 厕所
countable
■when the contents of a toilet empties and it fills with water 冲厕所
■the handle or button which you push to make a toilet empty and fill with water 马桶的冲水把手、按钮
• He pressed the flush with his hand. 他用手按下了冲水按钮。
[flʌʃ] noun
CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
countable
■a number of playing cards held by one player which are all from the same suit 同花的一手牌
flush, blush
这组词都有“脸红”的意思，其区别是：
flush: 强调因愤怒、高兴、羞愧、发烧或酗酒等引起的脸红。
blush: 侧重因羞愧或尴尬而突然脸红。
n. 激动，洋溢；面红；萌芽；旺盛；奔流
 - seed, warmth, excitation, agitation
vt. 使齐平；发红，使发亮；用水冲洗；使激动
 - heat, electrify
vi. 发红，脸红；奔涌；被冲洗
 - blush
adj. 大量的；齐平的；丰足的，洋溢的；挥霍的
 - massive, extensive, substantial, macro, much

Word: infringement
Front: infringement
[ɪn'frɪndʒmənt] (15636/8968)
Vocabulary: infringement
(once / 2531 pages)
n
An infringement is a minor offense that involves breaking a rule or a law. If your sister takes a chapter from your book and publishes it as her own, you could sue her for copyright infringement.
An infringement can result in legal penalties if you’re breaking a law, as in the case of a copyright infringement or a patent infringement. An infringement can also be a violation of a rule or an agreement that applies in a specific situation. In that case there are no legal consequences, but there are still penalties. If the referee sees an infringement of the rules during your soccer game, he’ll penalize your team by awarding your opponents a free kick.
WORD FAMILY
infringement: infringements+/ infringe: infringed, infringement, infringes, infringing
USAGE EXAMPLES
These include such evils as copyright infringement, cybercrime, the invasion of privacy, hate speech, espionage—and perhaps cyberwar.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
"Plaintiff will suffer immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage" unless the infringements are stopped, according to the complaint filed in the U.S.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
The founders wisely vested an independent judiciary with the responsibility of upholding the fundamental liberties of citizens against infringement by the other branches.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 侵权; 违反; 违背
分布：侵犯(85%)，违反(14%)，驳斥(1%)
noun countable or uncountable
■an action that breaks a rule, law, etc 违反，违背（规定、法律等）
• copyright infringement 侵犯版权
• Even minor infringements of the law will be severely punished. 即使是轻微的违法行为也将受到严厉的惩罚。
n. 侵犯；违反
 - violence, invasion, breach

Word: circuitry
Front: circuitry
[ˈsɜ:kɪtri] (15641/20878)
Back: n. 电路，线路; 电路图
分布：电路(100%)
US ['sɝ:-] noun uncountable
■the circuits that an electrical or electronic device contains, considered as a single system 电路；电路系统；电路装置
• The circuitry in this fighter aircraft has been protected against strong magnetic fields. 这架战斗机的电路系统有防护装置，不会受强磁场的干扰。
n. [电] [电子] 电路；电路系统；电路学；一环路
 - electrocircuit, electrical circuit

Word: quadrant
Front: quadrant
[ˈkwɒdrənt] (15633/17036)
Vocabulary: quadrant
(once / 5405 pages)
1n 2n
A quadrant is one-fourth of a circle. When you bake an apple pie and then cut it equally so that you and three of your friends get pieces that are the same size, you'll each get a quadrant of the pie.
When a circle is evenly divided into four sections by two perpendicular lines, each of the four areas is a quadrant. In fact, anything that's split into four equal parts can be described as being made up of quadrants, like a quadrant of a public park. The Latin root word is quadrantem, fourth part, and for many years quadrant was used to mean six hours, or one-quarter of a day.
WORD FAMILY
quadrant: quadrants
USAGE EXAMPLES
A snaking, pale-wood bookshelf divides the room into cosseting quadrants, scaling it down for pint-size patrons.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
"I've given Focus Features a story that makes sense in a certain quadrant, and makes sense to release now," says Nichols.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Watson artificial-intelligence technology to build a set of answers to employee questions over time, said Jason Van Anden, founder of Quadrant 2.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 四分之一圆; 扇形体; 象限仪; 四分仪
分布：象限(81%)，象限仪(16%)，四分之一圆周(3%)
→quadr-,四分之一，-ant,形容词后缀。引申词义四分之一圆，象限等。
US ['kwɑ:.drənt] noun countable
PART OF CIRCLE 圆周的一部分 specialized
■a quarter of a circle 四分之一圆周
■a quarter of an area 四分之一区域
• The river runs through the southwest quadrant of the city. 那条河流经城市的西南区。
UK ['kwɒd.rənt] US ['kwɑ:.drənt] noun countable
DEVICE 仪器 specialized
■a device for measuring the height of stars in the sky which was used in the past for calculating directions when travelling across the sea 象限仪
n. [海洋] [天] [数] 象限； [水运] 象限仪；四分之一圆
 - sector, orthant

Word: renegotiate
Front: renegotiate
[ˌri:nɪ'gəʊʃi:eɪt] (15650/19172)
Back: vt. 重新谈判
时态：renegotiated, renegotiating, renegotiates
分布：重新谈判(100%)

Word: surname
Front: surname
[ˈsɜ:neɪm] (研四六雅 15663/9483 -K1)
Vocabulary: surname
(once / 926 pages)
n
A surname is a person’s last name, or family name. Smith is a popular surname in the U.S., while Dieng is a popular surname in Senegal.
Your surname is your last name. A surname can be Smith, Jones, Johnson, Giacometti — any name that someone gets from their family. The word surname derives from sur “above" + name. The term surname was first used by feudal lords, who adopted the name of their property as their family name. A surname can be derived from a place name (e.g., London) or a trade (e.g., Schneider means "tailor" in German).
WORD FAMILY
surname: surnames
USAGE EXAMPLES
Experts differ about the origins of these English spellings of Korean surnames.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
His surname did not derive from the Russian word for reprobate.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A ministry press officer, who would only identify herself by her surname, Wang, confirmed the information in the report.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 姓，姓氏; 别名，绰号
vt. 给…加姓
分布：姓(95%)，绰号(3%)，冠姓(1%)，以别名称呼(1%)
→sur-,在上，name,名字。用于指姓氏。
n.姓In the famine I got familiar with this famous family name/surname.在饥荒中,我熟悉了这个有名的姓.
US ['sɝ:-/ (US usually last name) (UK also second name)
noun countable
 IMPROVER
■the name that you share with other members of your family; last name 姓
• Her first name is Sarah but I don't know her surname. 她名叫莎拉，但是我不知道她姓甚么。
n. 姓，姓氏；绰号，别名
 - lastname, cognomen

Word: extraterrestrial
Front: extraterrestrial
[ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl] (15606/36847)
Vocabulary: extraterrestrial
(once / 18073 pages)
adjn
Use the adjective extraterrestrial to describe anything that comes from or exists outside of the earth, like life on a distant planet, material from an asteroid, or even the sun.
The word extraterrestrial makes most people think of big-headed green aliens in spaceships, and if you saw one you'd be right to describe it that way. But as both a noun and an adjective, the word is most often used by scientists to talk about anything — life, rocks, or environments on other planets — that happens outside of the earth's atmosphere. This makes sense when you know that in Latin, extra means "outside" and terra means "earth."
WORD FAMILY
extraterrestrial: extraterrestrials
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coursing underneath Bambaataa’s pastiche of Kraftwerk, George Clinton, and other extraterrestrial encounters was a drum part unlike anything ever heard before.
Slate(Dec 16, 2016)
It’s described as a “science-fiction story of a billionaire’s private space exploration program returning to Earth with an abducted extraterrestrial from a newly discovered planet.”
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The bottom line for extraterrestrial intelligence is that it is probably rarer than previously imagined, a conclusion called the misanthropic principle.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 地球外的，地球大气圈外的
n. 外星人
分布：外星人(88%)，行星际的(12%)
→extra-, 外面的，超过的。terrestrial, 陆地的，地球的。即地球之外的，外星人。
被陆地包围的(medi中间+terr+nean→在陆地中间的)[terr=eartth表示"土地"]
adjective
■(coming from) outside the planet Earth 地球外的；天外的
• extraterrestrial beings 外星人

Word: kangaroo
Front: kangaroo
[ˌkæŋgəˈru:] (高雅宝 15706/15573 -1)
Vocabulary: kangaroo
(once / 1741 pages)
n
A kangaroo is a large animal that leaps or springs on its big, strong back legs and uses its heavy tail for balance. If you visit Australia (or the zoo), you may see a kangaroo.
Kangaroos are known for their habits of sitting upright and springing great distances. Female kangaroos have pouches in which they carry their babies. The word kangaroo is thought to come from a now-extinct Aboriginal language's word for a specific kind of kangaroo, gaNurru or gang-oo-roo. A "kangaroo court" is one that operates outside of the law, often with the intention of quickly (and unjustly) trying someone for a crime.
WORD FAMILY
kangaroo: kangaroos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Kangaroos missed 10 of their first 11 shots and the Bulldogs held a double-digit lead for much of the first half.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Kangaroos lost by 43 points at No. 3 Kansas earlier this month.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It was the Kangaroos’ first home loss of the season.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. [动]袋鼠
分布：袋鼠(100%)
→词源不详，可能来自澳大利亚某土著语言，该词由18世纪英国著名航海家James Cook引进。
【记】kang拼：扛，a一个，roo肉：身上有扛了一块肉，是她的小袋鼠。
US [-gə'ru:] (plural kangaroos or specialized kangaroo)
noun countable
■a large Australian mammal with a long stiff tail, short front legs and long powerful back legs on which it moves by jumping 袋鼠
n. [脊椎] 袋鼠
 - roo

Word: fence
Front: fence
[fens] (高研四六 2653/3306 -K3)
Vocabulary: fence
(once / 190 pages)
1nv 2nv 3v
A fence is a usually wooden or metal structure that encloses a yard, pasture, or other area. Many people with back yard swimming pools put fences around them to make sure small children don't fall in.
The difference between a fence and a wall is that you can almost always see through a fence, at least to some degree, while a wall is solid. You can use fence as a verb too: "I think I'll fence my yard in, because my chickens keep wandering off." If someone calls you a fence, though, they mean you're selling stolen goods, and if you fence professionally, you participate in the sword fighting sport of fencing.
WORD FAMILY
fence: fenced, fencelike, fencer, fences, fencing +/fenced: unfenced/ fencer: fencers/ fencing: fencings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fifty Moroccan and five Spanish border guards were injured when 1,100 migrants tried to get over the fence on Sunday.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
In past years, he used to fence competitively and win championships.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
At one point, Harriott was walking alongside the stadium fence when a Booker T. player jogged over and taunted him: “You’re next.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 栅栏，篱笆; 围墙; 防护物; 剑术
vt. 用篱笆围住; 防护; 练习剑术
vi. 练习击剑; 搪塞; 围以栅栏; 跳过栅栏
时态：fenced, fencing, fences
分布：栅栏(64%)，围墙(22%)，击剑(6%)，买卖赃物的人(3%)，用篱笆围住(3%)，回避(1%)，束缚(1%)
→缩写自defence或defense, 挡开。引申义击剑，篱笆等。
n.篱笆;围栏;剑术v.用篱笆瓦围住;击剑The offensive offender defended himself with the fence.那个讨厌的触犯者用篱笆自卫.
noun countable
STRUCTURE 结构
 IMPROVER
■a structure which divides two areas of land, similar to a wall but made of wood or wire and supported with posts 栅栏；篱笆；围栏
[fents] noun countable
CRIMINAL 罪犯 old-fashioned slang
■a person who buys and sells stolen goods 买卖赃物的人
[fents] verb intransitive
■to fight as a sport with a long thin sword 击剑
[fents] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fence sth in
■to build a fence around an area 用栅栏（或篱笆）围住
• She would need to fence in the field if she was to keep a horse there. 如果她打算在那里养一匹马，就必须用栅栏把那块地围起来。
[fents] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [often passive] fence sb in informal
■to limit someone's activity in an annoying or discouraging way 限制（某人）的自由，束缚
• I feel a bit fenced in at work because my boss won't let me apply for promotion. 我觉得工作上有点受压制，因为老板不准我申请升职。
[fents] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fence sth off
■to separate an area with a fence in order to stop people or animals from entering it 用栅栏（或篱笆）隔开
• The hill had been fenced off to stop animals grazing on it. 已经用栅栏把那座山隔开，以防止动物吃那里的草。
fence, hedge
这组词都有“篱笆”的意思，其区别是：
fence: 指为阻止人或牲畜等进入田地或院子等而用树木、铁丝网、栅栏等筑成篱笆样的东西。
hedge: 主要指利用灌木丛构成的篱笆。
enclose, fence, encircle, surround, envelop
这组词都有“包围”的意思，其区别是：
enclose: 指把某物四周围住或封闭起来，使之与外界隔绝。
fence: 通常指用栅栏栏开或围起来。
encircle: 侧重在某事物周围围成圈状。
surround: 普通用词，既可指环绕、围绕，也可指军事上的包围。
envelop: 着重指把某个物体完全包起来或整个封起来。
n. 栅栏；围墙；剑术
 - bounding wall, perimeter wall
vt. 防护；用篱笆围住；练习剑术
 - defend, forefend
vi. 击剑；搪塞；围以栅栏；跳过栅栏
 - prevaricate, tergiversate

Word: enormity
Front: enormity
[ɪˈnɔ:məti] (托宝 15686/18454)
Vocabulary: enormity
(once / 2598 pages)
1n 2n
An enormity is something extreme or huge, almost beyond comprehension. If you call having to paint the house all by yourself an enormity, your friends might take pity on you and show up with brushes and rollers.
Something that's enormous can be good — a huge paycheck! — or bad, such as a tumor. But when it comes to enormity, some word lovers are up in arms. The word originally meant "a crime," so some people think it should only be used to describe wickedness or lack of morals. Others can't resist the word's similarity to enormous and apply it to anything vast, positive or negative.
WORD FAMILY
enormity: enormities+/ enormous: enormity, enormously, enormousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
One of the big challenges is the enormity of the information.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While in uniform, Richardson didn’t really appreciate the enormity of the Yankees’ accomplishments.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But unlike many outside observers, ethicists and the government department responsible for ethics, Trump doesn’t seem to grasp the enormity of the problem.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 穷凶极恶; 弥天大罪; 巨大; 极大
分布：巨大(44%)，暴行(32%)，极恶(24%)
巨大;穷凶极恶(e+norm+ity)[norm=rule,norm,表示"规则,规范"]
【记】e出，norm正常－不是一般的罪恶（该词太恶了，恐怕四大恶人加起来也不及这一个单词的程度，不过我还是找到了一个人，程度比enormity还深－李宏志－刚刚看过新闻：又一屁轮功弟子杀父弑妻，这等暴行恐怖在美利坚都是不多见的）
【参】enormous（adj 巨大的；庞大的）
US [-'nɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun
SIZE 大小
uncountable
■very great size or importance 巨大；严重性；深远影响
• Nobody fully understands the enormity and complexity of the task of reviving the country's economy. 没有人完全认清振兴该国经济这一任务的艰巨性和复杂性。
• I don't think you realize the enormity of the problem. 我觉得你没有真正意识到问题的严重性。
UK [ɪ'nɔ:.mɪ.ti] US [-'nɔ:r.mə.tˌi] noun
EVIL ACT 邪恶行为
countable or uncountable formal
■an extremely evil act or the quality of being extremely evil 滔天大罪；罪大恶极
n. 巨大；暴行；极恶
 - greatness, vastness

Word: re-entry
Front: re-entry
[ri:ˈentrɪ] None
Back: n. 再进入
分布：重返(70%)，重新入场(10%)，重新登记(10%)，=reentry.(10%)
N-UNCOUNT
再进入
Re-entry is the act of returning to a place, organization, or area of activity that you have left.
例：The house has been barred and bolted to prevent re-entry...房子已经被封了，门被闩上，防止有人入内。
例：The military men are contemplating a re-entry into politics.这些军人在考虑重返政界。
N-UNCOUNT
（航天器的）重返大气层，返回地球
Re-entry is used to refer to the moment when a spacecraft comes back into the earth's atmosphere after being in space.
例：The station would burn up on re-entry into the earth's atmosphere.空间站在重返地球大气层时会被烧毁。

Word: cave
Front: cave
[keɪv] (高研四六雅 3562/4161 -3)
Vocabulary: cave
(once / 179 pages)
nv
A cave is hollow space underground that's big enough for a person to walk or crawl into. People who explore caves often wear battery-powered headlamps.
You might see a small cafe in the side of a cliff as you hike up a mountain, or swim into an underwater cave when you go snorkeling. In either case, a cave is a deep, carved-out chamber that opens above ground — or in the water. People who regularly explore caves are called spelunkers, or cavers. The Latin root word is cavea, "hollow."
WORD FAMILY
cave: caved, caves, caving
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He caves on judges,” he said at the time.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The caves that the cadres used as hide-outs from Japanese bombers still exist, buried into the bleak hills like black eyes.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There will be extensive opportunities for public hearings and for review by the governor and attorney general, Cave said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 洞穴; 〈方〉地窖
vt. & vi. （使）塌陷，倒塌; 暗中破坏
vi. 屈服
时态：caved, caving, caves
分布：洞穴(51%)，山洞(40%)，屈服(4%)，塌落(4%)，挖空(1%)
→来自keue, 膨胀，拱，堆积，词源同accumulate, cumulative.即拱起来的小空间，后指洞穴。
洞穴[cav=hole,表示"洞"]
n.洞,穴The slave safely saved the sharp shavers in a cave nearby the cafeteria.奴隶将锋利的剃刀安全地保存在自助餐厅附近的洞穴里.
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a large hole in the side of a hill, cliff or mountain, or one that is underground 洞穴；山洞；地洞
[keɪv] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  cave in
FALL
■If a ceiling, roof or other structure caves in, it breaks and falls into the space below 塌陷；坍塌；塌方
• Because of the explosion, the roof of the building caved in, trapping several people. 由于发生爆炸，建筑物的顶部坍塌，几个人被困在里面。
AGREE informal
■to agree to something that you were against before, after someone has persuaded you or threatened you 让步；屈服；妥协
• At first, they refused to sign the agreement, but they caved in when they heard another firm was being approached. 起先，他们不肯在协议上签字，但听说我们正跟另一家公司接洽就答应了。
hollow, cavity, pit, cave, hole
这组词都有“洞、穴”的意思，其区别是：
hollow: 通常指表面上的坑或凹处，也指物体内部的空洞。
cavity: 比hole正式，指实体内中或表面的空洞或空腔。
pit: 指天然的大洞，尤指地上的洞，也指为采掘矿物而挖的深洞。
cave: 指出洞、窑洞或溶洞，可以是天然的或人造的。
hole: 最普通用词，泛指实体上的洞、孔或坑，不涉及其大小、深浅或穿透与否。
vi. 凹陷，塌落；投降
 - yield, pit
n. [地质] 洞穴，窑洞
 - hole, grottos

Word: essayist
Front: essayist
[ˈeseɪɪst] (15631/33686)
Back: n. 小品作者，随笔作家，评论家
分布：散文作家(53%)，随笔作家(47%)
noun countable
■a person who writes essays that are published 论说文（或小品文、散文）作家
• a political essayist 政论作家
n. 随笔作家，散文家；评论家
 - critic, proser

Word: adamantly
Front: adamantly
['ædəməntlɪ] (15690/22138)
Back: adv. 坚决地，坚定不移地，坚强不屈地
分布：坚决地(50%)，顽固地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
坚决的;坚定不移的
If someone is adamant about something, they are determined not to change their mind about it.
例：The prime minister is adamant that he will not resign...首相坚决不辞职。
例：Sue was adamant about that job in Australia.对澳大利亚的那份工作，休的态度很坚决。
adv. 坚硬无比地；坚强地；固执地；不动摇地
 - strongly, stanchly

Word: slut
Front: slut
[slʌt] (15616/24385)
Vocabulary: slut
(once / 6671 pages)
n
A slut is a vulgar insult hurled at woman and it implies that she sleeps around or has sex with too many people. It is not cool to call any woman a slut.
This is a sexist word that should be used with caution or not used at all. Calling women sluts is a way of shaming them about their sex lives, and that's really no one else's business. Unfortunately, there are a lot similar words to slut, such as adulteress, hussy, whore, loose woman, strumpet, and trollop. The word is sometimes used for men, as in man-slut, which may be a sign that our ideas of sluttiness are changing.
WORD FAMILY
slut: sluts, sluttish+/sluttish: sluttishly, sluttishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He recalled, “Mom would say, ‘I thought “Just a Slut” was pretty good this time!’ ”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
To the Contrary With Bonnie Erbé The tragic consequences of “slut shaming.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Just the fact that you started to see people talking about slut shaming, for instance, in coverage of rape and sexual assault cases.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 荡妇，懒妇，母狗
分布：荡妇(67%)，懒妇(19%)，母狗(14%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,邋遢的，懒的，比较 slattern,slut,sloven,slug.原不分男女，后固定为邋遢的女 人，词义进一步贬义化为荡妇，泼妇，妓女。
noun countable
SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMAN 荡妇 slang disapproving
■a woman who has sexual relationships with a lot of men without any emotional involvement 淫妇，荡妇
[slʌt] noun countable
LAZY WOMAN 懒女人 UK very informal disapproving
■a woman who is usually untidy and lazy 邋遢女人，懒婆娘
n. 荡妇；懒妇；母狗
 - chippie, giglet

Word: gondola
Front: gondola
[ˈgɒndələ] (15757/26127)
Back: n. 狭长小船; 货架（一般指商店，例如化妆品店）; 吊船工作台
分布：两头尖的平底船(67%)，敞篷货车(33%)
→来自威尼斯语。
US ['gɑ:n-] noun countable
■a narrow boat with a raised point at both ends, which is used on canals in Venice and is moved by a man with a pole （义大利威尼斯运河中的）凤尾船，小划船，贡朵拉
■in a cable car , ski lift , amusement park ride, etc., a hanging part that people sit or travel in 人们坐着的悬挂部分（如飞艇的吊舱；热气球、缆车等的吊篮）
n. 两头尖的平底船；狭长小船；无盖货车
 - flatcar

Word: fecal
Front: fecal
['fi:kl] (15689/-)
Vocabulary: fecal
(once / 28209 pages)
adj
Anything fecal has to do with feces: what children call "number two." In other words, fecal matters involve poop.
A successful children's book is called "Everyone Poops." That's a book with some seriously fecal subject matter. All fecal issues have something to do with feces: what people commonly refer to as poop or crap. You will get fecal material on your shoe if you step in dog poop. A veterinarian may run fecal tests to see if your pet has a disease. The fecal matter of an elephant is enormous.
WORD FAMILY
fecal: fecally
USAGE EXAMPLES
She died of too much fluid and inhaled fecal matter in her lungs, the report said.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
The water is dense with sulfates, fluoride, nitrogen, detergent, fecal coliform.
The New Yorker(Nov 06, 2016)
By 1860, the Thames was “visited by thousands of tons of fecal matter every day.”
Washington Post(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 排泄物的，渣滓的，糟粕的
分布：排泄物的(78%)，渣滓的(22%)
adj. 排泄物的；残渣的；糟粕的
 - faecal, excrementitious

Word: unequivocal
Front: unequivocal
[ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl] (15678/11410 -1)
Vocabulary: unequivocal
(once / 2727 pages)
adj
If there is no doubt about it, it's unequivocal. An unequivocal response to a marriage proposal? "Yes. Yes! A thousand times yes!"
Equivocal is from a Latin word meaning of equal voice, so unequivocal means of unequal voice — unmistakable, unambiguous, without question. There might be unequivocal evidence tying a suspect to a crime, or unequivocal support for a popular leader. If you explain something in unequivocal terms, then your words should be clear to everyone.
WORD FAMILY
unequivocal: unequivocally, unequivocalness+/ equivocal: equivocally, equivocalness, unequivocal
USAGE EXAMPLES
Siatta’s journal entry that day was unequivocal about the purpose.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Now the international community’s message is unequivocal: you were right in 2009.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
But she is unequivocal about her loyalty to her boss.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 不含糊的; 明确的; 毫不含糊
分布：不含糊的(68%)，明白的(23%)，确实的(9%)
【记】un不，equivocal（adj 意义不明确的；模棱两可的）：明确的
【反】waffle（v 闲聊；胡扯）—speak unequivocally（清楚讲）
adjective
■total, or expressed in a clear and certain way 完全的；表达明确的；毫不含糊的
• The Prime Minister, he said, had the party's unequivocal support. 他说首相得到了全党坚定不移的支援。
• The church has been unequivocal in its condemnation of the violence. 教会明确谴责该暴力事件。
adj. 明确的；不含糊的
 - precise, decided, express, specific, explicit

Word: propagation
Front: propagation
[ˌprɒpə'ɡeɪʃn] (六宝 15569/12741)
Vocabulary: propagation
(once / 2364 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If your dog is about to have puppies, then she's is engaged in the propagation of dogs, the creation of new life to further the species.
Propagation has two main uses, both having to do with multiplying something. If it's used in relation to creatures, that means that the creatures are multiplying — having kids. A synonym for this is procreation. We also propagate ideas. Use propagation for anything that multiplies and spreads through larger and larger numbers or spaces — from the propagation of weeds in your garden to the propagation of belief in the divinity of snowmen. In physics, propagation is wave movement.
WORD FAMILY
propagation: propagations+/ propagate: propagated, propagates, propagating, propagation, propagative, propagator/propagator: propagators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The propagation of “fake news” for political purposes, one is reminded again reading Mr. Smith’s book, did not begin with the reign of Vladimir Putin.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The propagation of such information through social networks bears many similarities to the evolution and transmission of infectious diseases.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Like many trees, for oaks propagation is a numbers game.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 传播，传输，蔓延，扩展，波及深度; 〔生〕繁殖法，〔地〕传导; 宣传; 培养
分布：传播(61%)，繁殖(34%)，增殖(4%)，传送(1%)
【反】extirpation（n 消灭；毁灭）
VERB
宣传；传播；使普及
If people propagate an idea or piece of information, they spread it and try to make people believe it or support it.
例：They propagated political doctrines which promised to tear apart the fabric of British society.他们鼓吹能颠覆英国社会结构的政治学说。
VERB
繁殖，培植（植物）
If you propagate plants, you grow more of them from the original ones.
例：The easiest way to propagate a vine is to take hardwood cuttings...栽培葡萄最简便的方法就是硬条扦插。
例：The pasque flower can be propagated from seed.欧白头翁可以通过种子进行繁殖。
n. [物] 传播； [生物] 繁殖；增殖
 - circulation, breeding, diffusion, spread, reproduction

Word: decentralization
Front: decentralization
[ˌdi:ˌsentrəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (15743/13313)
Back: n. 分散
分布：分散(100%)
VERB
使（政府或大型机构）权力分散;下放…的权力
To decentralize government or a large organization means to move some departments away from the main administrative area, or to give more power to local departments.
例：They have decentralised the company and made it less bureaucratic.他们已经分解了该公司的权力，以抑制其官僚作风。
例：...the need to decentralize and devolve power to regional governments...将权力下放并移交给地方政府的需要
n. 分散； [经管] 非集权化；（人口、工业等的） [军] 疏散
 - dispersal, deconcentration

Word: concurrently
Front: concurrently
[kən'kʌrəntlɪ] (15764/14684)
Vocabulary: concurrently
(once / 13477 pages)
adv
When two or more things happen at the same time, they occur concurrently. If the concerts you want to attend are happening concurrently, you have to choose one — unless you know how to be in two places at the same time.
The adverb concurrently comes from the Latin word concurrere, meaning “to run together,” or “assemble hurriedly.” If you’re ever lucky enough to go to the Olympics, you’ll find that many events are scheduled concurrently, so you may not be able to see the Norway/Sweden curling match, the biathlon, freestyle skiing and the couples figure skating if they are all at the same time. That will be a tough choice.
WORD FAMILY
concurrent: concurrency, concurrently +/ concur: concuring, concurred, concurrence, concurrent, concurring, concurs/ concurrence: concurrences/concurrency: concurrencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The defense is asking for the mandatory minimum of five years, to run concurrently with the military sentence.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Factors include whether multiple charges should be served consecutively or concurrently.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Commissioners said, however, that research could be done concurrently with a phase-out.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 同时地
分布：同时地(100%)
ADJ
同时发生的
Concurrent events or situations happen at the same time.
例：Galerie St. Etienne is holding three concurrent exhibitions...圣艾蒂安美术馆同时举办3场展览。
例：He will actually be serving three concurrent five-year sentences...实际上，他将服3个5年徒刑，合并执行。

Word: self-worth
Front: self-worth
[selfˈwə:θ] None
Back: n. 自尊，自大，自负
分布：自尊(82%)，自敬(9%)，=self-esteem.(9%)
US [-'wɝ:θ] noun uncountable
■the value you give to your life and achievements 自我价值
• Many people derive their self-worth from their work. 很多人从自己的工作中找到自身的价值。
n. 自我价值；自尊；自负
 - ego, amour-propre

Word: wistfully
Front: wistfully
['wɪstfəlɪ] (15664/14996)
Vocabulary: wistfully
(once / 1158 pages)
adv
Wistfully describes something that's done with longing or regret. You might smile wistfully while sitting on a train that's pulling away from the station, leaving your hometown behind.
If there's a vague sense of yearning behind an action, you can say it's done wistfully. People sigh wistfully, gaze wistfully, and wave goodbye wistfully — thinking about the past or what you are leaving behind with a little bit of sadness. In the 1600s, wistfully had a completely different meaning — from the now-obsolete word wist, or intent — done with close attention. It gained today's meaning in the early 1700s.
WORD FAMILY
wistful: wistfulest, wistfully, wistfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Would he camp out at a nearby cafe while wistfully looking out of the window, searching the passing crowd for Charlotta’s face?
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
“D.J., come home with me,” she said wistfully to the dog bound for Michigan.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
He wistfully talked about his city’s diversity as something completely unattainable now.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adv. 惆怅地，渴望地
分布：渴望地(75%)，愁闷地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
(因求而不得)失意的，伤感的，惆怅的
Someone who is wistful is rather sad because they want something and know that they cannot have it.
例：I can't help feeling slightly wistful about the perks I'm giving up...我不禁对自己将要放弃的津贴感到有点儿不舍。
例：He has a wistful look.他神情沮丧。
adv. 渴望地；希望地；不满足地
 - longingly, eagerly

Word: lichen
Front: lichen
[ˈlaɪkən] (托 15705/15526 -1)
Vocabulary: lichen
(once / 3263 pages)
1n 2n
Have you ever walked through the woods and seen a crusty-looking shelf growing out of a tree? That is actually a lichen, a complex organism comprised of a fungus and its partner algae, the two parts interweaving to form one.
The word lichen appeared around 1600, and was drawn from the Greek leikhēn, meaning "what eats around itself." This is a good meaning for what the word represents, as lichen is comprised of fungus cells that literally surround the algae cells to form a mutualistic bond. Because of the crusty look of a lichen, the name has also been given to a number of skin diseases that present the same patchy look as the fungus-algae.
WORD FAMILY
lichen: lichens
USAGE EXAMPLES
One species of orange-red lichen grows only on Santa Rosa Island off the coast of California: firedot lichen.
Science Magazine(Dec 29, 2016)
SAT Walk to explore mosses and lichens of the park, deciduous and evergreen trees, wildlife preparations for winter, 10 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Reindeer lichen, another ingredient that didn’t entirely win me over last time around, is back.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. [植]地衣，苔藓
vt. 使长满苔藓
分布：地衣(71%)，青苔(29%)
→词源同lick,舔，引申词义苔藓，地衣，即依附在石头上的真菌等。
noun countable or uncountable
■a grey, green or yellow plant-like organism that grows especially on rocks, walls and trees 地衣

Word: sultry
Front: sultry
[ˈsʌltri] (托宝 15667/19566)
Vocabulary: sultry
(once / 1876 pages)
adj
Stifling, humid and downright oppressive, sultry is an adjective that has everything to do with sweltering heat and a definite need for a tall glass of iced tea.
You know how movies about the old south always show people wilting in the shade of their front porches, mopping their damp brows? Well that's because of the sultry summer weather. A sultry atmosphere is thick, almost swampy feeling. And all that heavy heat can certainly get passions stirring — "a sultry look" is one that happens to express steamy desire.
WORD FAMILY
sultry: sultrier, sultriest, sultrily, sultriness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He recruited Alabama Shakes’ producer Blake Mills for the project, and even duets with the Shakes’ Brittany Howard for the sultry title track.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The sultry rendition for President Kennedy's 45th birthday at a 1962 Democratic fundraiser at New York's Madison Square was one of her last public appearances.
BBC(Nov 18, 2016)
The skin-tight dress Marilyn Monroe wore for her sultry rendition of "Happy Birthday" before then U.S.
Reuters(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. （指天气）湿热难耐的; （指人）易动感情的; 肉欲的; 性感的
级别：sultrier, sultriest
分布：闷热的(64%)，淫荡的(11%)，风骚的(11%)，激烈的(7%)，易怒的(7%)
→来自 swelter,闷热，-y,形容词后缀。用于比喻义形容女子性感的，风情万种的等。
【记】读：骚吹，吹来一股骚风，来了风骚的女人，见到她有闷热的感觉。
adjective
WARM 温暖的
■(of weather) uncomfortably warm and with air that is slightly wet （天气）闷热的，湿热的
['sʌl.tri] adjective
SEXY 性感的
■(especially of a woman's face or voice) sexually attractive in a way that suggests sexual desire （尤指女子的脸庞或声音）性感的，迷人的，风情万种的
• She's the sultry blonde in that new chocolate commercial. 她就是那个新巧克力广告中的性感金发女郎。
adj. 闷热的；狂暴的；淫荡的
 - angry, stuffy

Word: nugget
Front: nugget
[ˈnʌgɪt] (15671/20713)
Back: n. （天然）块金，块
分布：有价值的小东西(60%)，有用信息(20%)，金属块(20%)
→来自英语方言nug,块，可能来自lug,大块，木头块，-et,小词后缀。后用来指金属块，金块。
noun countable
SMALL PIECE
■a small roughly shaped piece, especially of gold 小块；（尤指）金块
■a small piece of chicken or fish that has been covered in breadcrumbs and fried （裹上面包屑炸成的）鸡块，鱼块
• She won't eat anything except chicken nuggets and chips. 她除了炸鸡块和薯条之外，甚么都不吃。
['nʌg.ɪt] noun countable
INFORMATION 消息
■something that a person has said or written that is very true or very wise 至理名言
• a nugget of information/truth 有价值的消息／事实
• humorous What other astonishing nuggets of wisdom do you have for us? 你还有甚么惊人的至理名言要告诉我们吗？
n. 天然金块，矿块；珍闻，珍品
 - treasure, pearl

Word: stereotyping
Front: stereotyping
[ˈsteriəˌtaɪpɪŋ] (15755/20702)
Back: v. 把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的现在分词 )
分布：典型(34%)，铅版(21%)，模式化观念(15%)，对…形成模式化的看法(10%)，老一套(10%)，使用铅版(10%)
N-COUNT
模式化的形象(或特征);固定模式;刻板印象;陈规老套
A stereotype is a fixed general image or set of characteristics that a lot of people believe represent a particular type of person or thing.
例：There's always been a stereotype about successful businessmen...人们对于成功商人一直都有一种固定印象。
例：Many men feel their body shape doesn't live up to the stereotype of the ideal man.很多男人都觉得自己的体形不符合人们心目中惯有的理想男性形象。
VERB
使模式化;使定型
If someone is stereotyped as something, people form a fixed general idea or image of them, so that it is assumed that they will behave in a particular way.
例：He was stereotyped by some as a rebel...他被一些人认定为叛逆者。
例：I get very worked up about the way women are stereotyped in a lot of mainstream films...我对很多主流电影中千篇一律的女性形象感到非常气愤。
n. 刻板印象；浇版
 - stereotyped image

Word: ever-present
Front: ever-present
['evəˌprezənt] None
Back: adj. 经常存在的
分布：经常存在的(100%)

Word: headstone
Front: headstone
[ˈhedstəʊn] (15640/21900)
Vocabulary: headstone
(once / 7129 pages)
1n 2n
A headstone is a grave marker, usually inscribed with the dead person's name. You might visit your grandfather's grave each year, leaving flowers beside his headstone.
Another name for a headstone is a tombstone or a gravestone. True to its name, a headstone is often made out of a large piece of stone, frequently slate, granite, or marble. The meaning of headstone was originally "cornerstone," or the stone at the corner of the base of a building, but by the 1700s it came to mean "stone at the head of a grave."
WORD FAMILY
headstone: headstones
USAGE EXAMPLES
But for whatever reason, Mary’s name was never added to the headstone under that of her husband when she died three years after him.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
A Wreaths Across America convoy departed Down East Maine on Saturday, and the wreaths will be placed at headstones in the cemetery next weekend.
Washington Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Martin will lead 10 tractor-trailers carrying loads of Maine-made balsam fir wreaths that will be placed at headstones in Arlington Cemetery.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 墓碑
分布：墓石(57%)，基石(43%)
US [-stoʊn] noun countable
■a large stone that is put at one end of a grave with the name of the person who has died and other details such as the year they died 墓碑
n. 基石；墓石
 - footstone, foundation stone

Word: testimonial
Front: testimonial
[ˌtestɪˈməʊniəl] (15649/15823 -1)
Vocabulary: testimonial
(once / 2489 pages)
nadj
A testimonial is like a personal recommendation. If you give a testimonial on behalf of a restaurant, then you really like that restaurant.
If you've seen the word testimony — meaning spoken evidence in court — then you might have a clue to the meaning of testimonial. Like testimonies, a testimonial is evidence or proof of something good: getting an A in math is a testimonial to your math skills. Testimonials can also be a spoken or written endorsement of something: You might write a testimonial about the awesome cupcakes on your favorite bakery's website, for example.
WORD FAMILY
testimonial: testimonials+/testifier: testifiers/ testify: testified, testifier, testifies, testifying, testimony / testimony: testimonial, testimonies
USAGE EXAMPLES
In testimonials included in the report, migrants said the system doesn’t appear to be working.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
School records, newspaper articles written about her in the 1950s and 1960s, and testimonials from childhood friends all indicate she was born in 1952.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Reid, who is retiring after three decades in the chamber, received testimonials and applause after an hour-plus speech.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 证明书; 纪念品; 奖品; 纪念品
adj. 证明的; 表扬的; 褒奖的
分布：证明书(40%)，感谢信(21%)，推荐书(15%)，表扬的(12%)，证明书的(6%)，奖品(6%)
→来自 testimony,证据，证词。引申词义证明信，介绍信。
证明书(testimony+ial)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
US [-'moʊ-] noun countable
■a statement about the character or qualities of someone or something 证明信，介绍信
formal or old-fashioned
■a formal written description of someone's character and qualities given by a previous employer （以前雇主写的）推荐书
n. 证明书；推荐书
 - ticket, reference
adj. 证明的；褒奖的；表扬的
 - manifested, probative

Word: speckled
Front: speckled
[ˈspekld] (15653/20827)
Back: adj. 有斑点的
v. （皮肤、羽毛、蛋壳等上的）斑点，色斑( speckle的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：有斑点的(89%)，动词speckle的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
adjective
■covered with speckles 布满斑点的；有色斑的
• a bird with a speckled breast 胸部有斑点的鸟
adj. 有斑点的；如斑点般散布的
 - macular, fleckered
v. 点缀（speckle的过去式和过去分词）
 - interspersed

Word: cordless
Front: cordless
[ˈkɔ:dləs] (高 15786/17375)
Vocabulary: cordless
(once / 65663 pages)
adj
A small electronic device or power tool that doesn't have a cord and a plug for an electrical outlet, but instead is powered by a battery, is cordless.
A cordless tool or device requires power to work but doesn't use wall-outlet electricity. Drills, vacuum cleaners, hair dryers, and irons can all be cordless, often by using rechargeable batteries. Since cordless appliances don't need to be attached to an outlet, they are more mobile and handy. Telephones were first available in cordless versions in the 1980's — before that, the handset was always attached to a base by a cord.
WORD FAMILY
cord: corded, cording, cordless, cords
USAGE EXAMPLES
That apparently explains deals like the one for a G.E. cordless phone battery sold by an outfit called Sale Stores and shipped by Amazon.
New York Times(Apr 13, 2016)
Dyson’s cordless vacuum cleaner is powerful and easy to use.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
From his pocket, he produced a small black cordless phone and a scrap of paper with a number scribbled on it.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: adj. （电话或电动工具）不用电线与电源相连的，无电线的，无塞绳式的
分布：无线的(100%)
→cord, 绳，线。-less, 无，没有。
US ['kɔ:rd-] adjective
■describes an electrical tool or piece of equipment that operates without needing to be permanently connected by a wire to an outside electrical supply 无线的，无绳的
• a cordless telephone/drill/iron 无线电话／电钻／熨斗
adj. 无线的（副词cordlessly）
 - wireless, threadless

Word: herald
Front: herald
[ˈherəld] (六托宝 12546/7050 -2)
Vocabulary: herald
(once / 381 pages)
nv
A herald is a sign of things to come. A chilly day in October is a herald of the coming winter.
Years ago, a herald was an official who announced important news to the people. This is why many newspapers today have herald in their name. Nowadays, the noun herald refers to an early indicator that something is about to happen. Herald can also be used as a verb meaning "to praise" or "to greet enthusiastically." If you've been away from home for a long time, your family might herald your return, especially if you come bearing gifts.
WORD FAMILY
herald: heralded, heralding, heralds+/heralded: unheralded
USAGE EXAMPLES
Editorials reflect the consensus of the Telegraph Herald Editorial Board.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An air siren heralded Booker T.’s entrance.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Less heralded but steady cornerback Anthony Averett forced a fumble.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 使者，先驱，通报者; （旧时的）传令官
v. 传达，通报; 预告，预示…的到来; 欢呼
时态：heralded, heralding, heralds
分布：先驱(74%)，使者(9%)，传令官(8%)，预兆(5%)，标志(2%)，预报(2%)
→her-,军队，词源同harry,harbor,-ald,命令，统率，词源同wield.即军队统率官，指挥官，将军，后引申词义指挥官的使者，传令员，后用于指传达，通报。
【记】her，ald＝old：她已经是老巫婆了－先驱，预兆
【反】unherald（未预告）－proclaim（vt 宣布；声明）
verb transitive formal
■to be a sign that something important, and often good, is starting to happen, or to make something publicly known, especially by celebrating or praising it 预示…的开始；（尤指透过庆祝或赞扬）宣布（常指好事）
• The president's speech heralds a new era in foreign policy. 总统的演说预示着一个外交政策新时代的开始。
• This drug has been heralded as a major breakthrough in the fight against breast cancer. 这种药据称是在对抗乳癌方面的一个重大突破。
['her.əld] noun countable formal
■a sign that something will happen, change, etc 预兆，先兆
• If this first opera of the season is a herald (= sign) of what is to come, we can expect great things. 如果本季这第一部歌剧是个预示，那么我们可以期待接下来的剧目会非常精彩。
■in the past, a person who carried important messages and made announcements （旧时的）传令官
n. 先驱；传令官；报信者
 - precursor, forerunner

Word: stamped
Front: stamped
[stæmpt] (15643/15915)
Back: 顿足的，铭刻的，有邮戳的
分布：盖上邮戳的(75%)，动词stamp的过去式和过去分词形式.(25%)
ADJ
(信封或包裹)贴好邮票的
A stamped envelope or package has a stamp stuck on it.

Word: reggae
Front: reggae
[ˈregeɪ] (15652/16538 -2)
Back: n. 瑞格舞（西印度群岛的一种舞蹈及舞曲）
分布：雷鬼(100%)
→来自牙买加英语 rege,破布，争吵，词源同 rag,ragga.后用于这种音乐名称。
noun uncountable
■a type of popular music from Jamaica, with a strong second and fourth beat （源自牙买加的流行音乐）雷盖

Word: practicing
Front: practicing
['præktɪsɪŋ] (15707/-)
Back: adj. 开业的，在工作的
分布：开业的(60%)，在工作的(40%)
v. 练习（practice的ing形式）
 - exercising

Word: motorized
Front: motorized
[ˈməʊtəraɪzd] (15679/39097)
Back: v. 给（车辆）装上发动机( motorize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使机动化; 用机动车装配（部队等）; 使（部队等）机动化
分布：装上发动机的(67%)，动词motorize的过去式和过去分词形式.(33%)
US ['moʊ.tˌə.raɪzd] adjective
WITH AN ENGINE 有引擎的
■specially fitted with an engine or motor 机动的，装有引擎或马达的
• a motorized wheelchair 电动轮椅
(UK usually motorised) UK ['məʊ.tər.aɪzd] US ['moʊ.tˌə.raɪzd] adjective
SOLDIERS 士兵
■Soldiers who are motorized are provided with wheeled vehicles which have engines 摩托化的；机动化的
• motorized infantry 机动步兵

Word: disordered
Front: disordered
[dɪsˈɔ:dəd] (15767/15797)
Back: adj. 混乱的; 杂乱的; 错乱的; 失调的
分布：混乱的(75%)，害了病的(17%)，动词disorder的过去式和过去分词.(8%)
ADJ-GRADED
混乱的;杂乱的
If you describe something as disordered, you mean it is untidy and is not neatly arranged.
例：Moretti ran a hand through his disordered red hair.莫雷蒂用手理了理他那一头凌乱的红发。
例：...a disordered heap of mossy branches.一堆杂乱的长满苔藓的树枝
ADJ-GRADED
(精神)失调的，错乱的，不正常的，有病的
Someone who is mentally disordered or who has a disordered mind is mentally ill.
例：...agencies working with mentally disordered offenders.帮助患有心理障碍的罪犯的社会机构
例：...events that crystallized into a conspiracy in one disordered mind.在精神不正常的人看来是一个阴谋的事件
uncommon, abnormal, disordered
这组词都有“反常的”的意思，其区别是：
uncommon: a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。
 • Hurricanes are uncommon in England.   飓风在英国非常罕见。
 • That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!   那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！
abnormal: a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。
 • His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.   他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)
disordered: a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。
 • We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.   我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。
 • hehe, then I'd better face my belly downward the ground.
adj. 混乱的；害了病的；发狂的；失调的
 - chaotic, confused, troubled, turbulent

Word: leeway
Front: leeway
[ˈli:weɪ] (宝 15712/19486 -1)
Vocabulary: leeway
(once / 10234 pages)
n
Leeway is a term used to describe the amount of freedom available. If you know you have a paper due on Monday, you might ask your teachers if there is any leeway––could you, say, bring it first thing Tuesday morning?
Leeway is a nautical term, referring to a vessel's drift to the lee, (nautical for "downwind"). Now, it is very useful in describing those gray areas in life––for example, everyone has a ten-minute leeway when meeting friends where you're not officially late, even if you're not actually on time.
WORD FAMILY
leeway: leeways
USAGE EXAMPLES
Because evidence of mitigating factors is supposed to be reserved for the penalty phase, Judge Gergel allowed him little leeway.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And that allows them leeway to express themselves without euphemism.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
It does, however, grant states and school authorities a bit more leeway to approach education differently.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. （航行由于强风所致的）偏航; 余地; 时间损失，落后; 风压差，风压角
分布：余地(100%)
→lee,背风处，way,方向，道路。原指由强风所致的偏航，现主要用于比喻义自由活动的空间，回旋余地。
noun uncountable
FREEDOM 自由
■freedom to act within particular limits 自由空间，自由度，余地
• Local councils will be given some leeway as to how they implement the legislation. 地方议会实施该项立法会有一定的自由度。
['li:.weɪ] noun uncountable
PERIOD OF TIME 一段时间 UK an amount or period of time, which might be extra or wasted 富余时间，多余时间；浪费的时间
• There is a lot of leeway to make up after the holiday period. 假期过后有很多浪费掉的时间需要补上。
n. 余地；风压差；偏航；落后
 - scope, room

Word: hairline
Front: hairline
[ˈheəlaɪn] (15680/19629)
Back: n. 极细的织物
分布：发际线(86%)，头发轮廓线(14%)
US ['her-] noun countable
■the edge of a person's hair, especially along the top of the forehead (= part of the face above the eyes) （尤指人前额处的）发线
• He's got a receding hairline (= He's losing his hair at the front of the head). 他的额头开始秃了。
UK ['heə.laɪn] US ['her-] adjective [before noun]
■(of cracks or lines) very narrow （裂缝或线）非常细的
• a hairline fracture 很细的裂缝

Word: grille
Front: grille
[ɡrɪl] (15670/16134)
Back: n. 格子，格栅; （汽车散热器的）护栅
分布：格栅(99%)，=grill.(1%)
→词源同grill, 烤架。此处指金属网罩。
noun countable
■a frame of metal bars used to cover something such as a window or a machine （窗户、机器等前面的）铁栅栏，护栏，金属网罩
• a security grille 安全护栏
• A grille separated the prisoners from their visitors. 一道铁栅栏将犯人和探监者隔开。
n. 格子；格子窗；（银行，邮局柜台上的） [建] 铁栅
 - grid, latticework

Word: reasoned
Front: reasoned
[ˈri:zənd] (15644/14212 -1)
Vocabulary: reasoned
(once / 1164 pages)
adj
Anything that's sensible or thoughtful can be described as reasoned. A reasoned decision about which candidate to vote for requires some research and careful thought.
You probably assume that most rulings made by judges are reasoned — they're logical and intelligent. If you have a friend who tends to act in an irrational or foolish way when he's upset, you also assume that in certain circumstances his decisions won't be reasoned. The adjective reasoned comes from reason, from the Old French raisoner, "speak, discuss, or argue."
WORD FAMILY
reason: reasonable, reasoned, reasoner, reasoning, reasonless, reasons, unreason+/ reasonable: reasonableness, reasonabler, reasonablest, reasonably/reasoner: reasoners/ reasoning: reasoningly, reasonings, unreasoning/unreason: unreasonable, unreasons/unreasonable: unreasonably/unreasoning: unreasoningly
USAGE EXAMPLES
And it’s how reality-distorting propaganda undermines the reasoned deliberation that is so essential to democracy.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He reasoned that the FBI shouldn’t be seen as injecting itself into politics so close to an election.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The UN director of outreach, a Mr Maher Nasser, reasoned: “There is a Wonder Woman in every woman.”
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 合乎逻辑的，经过周密思考的
v. 推理，思考( reason的过去式); 争辩; 推理，思考( reason的过去式和过去分词); 争辩
分布：详尽论述的(49%)，理由充分的(42%)，动词reason的过去式和过去分词.(9%)
adjective
■If an argument is (well) reasoned, it is clear and carefully considered. 经过缜密思考的；合乎逻辑的
v. 说服；推断（reason的过去分词）
 - concluded, induced, derived, persuaded

Word: Enquirer

Word: fickle
Front: fickle
[ˈfɪkl] (托雅宝 15716/19490 -1)
Vocabulary: fickle
(once / 1596 pages)
adj
People who are fickle change their minds so much you can't rely on them. If your best friend suddenly decides that she doesn't like you one week, and then the next week she wants to hang out again, she's being fickle.
Fickle comes from the Old English word ficol, for deceitful. We usually use fickle to talk about people, but it can also be used for abstract things that alternately favor you and abuse you, like the weather. If you win the lottery and then lose everything else in the world that's important to you, fate is being fickle.
WORD FAMILY
fickle: fickleness, fickler, ficklest, fickly+/fickleness: ficklenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
For investors whose moods are as fickle as the weather, risk parity may involve more risk than reward.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
“Marriage itself is becoming more fickle, with individuals more interested in pursuing their own gratification.”
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
The support the GNA does receive is fickle and based mainly on self-interest.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adj. （爱情、友谊等）易变的，无常的; 薄情的; 浮躁的
分布：易变的(63%)，变幻无常的(37%)
→来自peig, 狡猾的，敌对的，坏心眼的，词源同foe, fiend. 引申词义反复无常的。
【记】读：飞扣！刚刚得到爱情的滋润有一种飞的感觉，就被“扣”下去了，只因为说了一句：泄停疯长得太次了！如果你们总是互相tickle（vt 胳肢；使发痒），感情就不会fickle！
adjective disapproving
■likely to change your opinion or your feelings suddenly and without a good reason （意见或感情）反覆无常的，易变的
• She's so fickle - she's never been interested in the same man for more than a week! 她是如此变幻无常，从未喜欢过一个男人超过一星期。
• The world of popular music is notoriously fickle. 流行音乐界的变幻无常是出了名的。
■describes conditions that are likely to change suddenly and without warning （情况）变幻莫测的，不定的
• Fickle winds made sailing conditions difficult. 风向不定增加了航海的难度。
adj. 浮躁的；易变的；变幻无常的
 - mobile, variable, liquid, unstable

Word: widower
Front: widower
[ˈwɪdəʊə(r)] (15702/14393)
Vocabulary: widower
(once / 2185 pages)
n
If your grandmother has died, you can call your grandfather a widower, or a man whose wife is no longer living.
When a man loses his wife, he becomes a widower. The equivalent name for a woman whose husband dies is a widow. In many cases, a man is only referred to as a widower if he has not remarried. Both a widow and a widower are described as being widowed. The feminine form of this word came first, from the Old English widewe. The Indo-European root means "be empty," which perfectly describes the grief that many recent widowers feel.
WORD FAMILY
widower: widowers+/ widow: widowed, widower, widowhood, widowing, widows/widowhood: widowhoods
USAGE EXAMPLES
Naturally, it’s a down-to-earth widower with a precocious child and they require her aid.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Under the old law, a widow or widower of a veteran would lose their benefit if they remarried at any age.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In Our Souls at Night, they play neighbors—he a widower, she a widow—who discover each other in the autumn of their lives.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 鳏夫
分布：鳏夫(100%)
→词源同widow,寡妇。
US [-oʊ.ɚ] noun countable
■a man whose wife has died and who has not married again 鳏夫

Word: bluff
Front: bluff
[blʌf] (托宝 7842/11432 -1)
Vocabulary: bluff
(once / 481 pages)
1nadj 2vn
Bluff can mean a high cliff, or it can describe a person who is abrupt in manner. The most common usage of bluff is as a verb meaning to pretend. If you bluff at cards, you are pretending to have a better hand than you do.
Many a good crime story ends with a bluff—"I've already contacted the police and they're on their way," the detective will say when that is not at all the case. The expression "calling your bluff" comes from poker, where you "call" a game to see someone's actual cards. Calling someone's bluff means forcing them to admit the truth.
WORD FAMILY
bluff: bluffed, bluffer, bluffest, bluffing, bluffly, bluffness, bluffs+/bluffer: bluffers
USAGE EXAMPLES
White bass are fair jigging Tiny Traps and Curb’s crappie jigs along main lake points and creek bluffs in 15-25 feet.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Iowa, more than eight-tenths of an inch fell in Council Bluffs.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Hart is one of about 15 kids in the boxing club of Dominique Azeez, a former professional boxer who grew up in Pine Bluff.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vi. 吓唬
vt. 吓唬; 愚弄; 以假象欺骗; 虚张声势
n. 欺骗; 恐吓; 悬崖; 虚张声势的人
adj. 直率的; 爽快的; 陡峭的; 肥型船首
时态：bluffed, bluffing, bluffs
分布：虚张声势(54%)，吓唬(30%)，直率的(10%)，绝壁(6%)
→词源同blow. 或直接来自拟声词。
【源】原指在玩牌中手气坏时下大注，手气好时下小注或不下注，以迷惑对手
【记】bluff＝cliff（n 悬崖，峭壁），一般来说，想跳楼的都是虚张声势。尤其是失恋的，他是想用死来挽回感情。
verb intransitive or transitive
■to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else 以假像欺骗，蒙，唬
• Is he going to jump or is he only bluffing? 他是真要跳还是只是吓唬人？
• Tony seems to know a lot about music, but sometimes I think he's only bluffing. 东尼似乎对音乐很了解，但有时我觉得他只是在装样子。
• She bluffed the doorman into thinking that she was a reporter. 她装模作样让门房以为她是记者。
bluff your way into/out of sth
■If you bluff your way into or out of a situation, you get yourself into or out of it by deceiving people 蒙混过关
• However did Mina manage to bluff her way into that job? 米娜究竟是怎样蒙混过关得到那份工作的？
• He's one of those people who is very good at bluffing their way out of trouble. 他属于那种善于蒙混过关摆脱麻烦的人。
[blʌf] noun
PRETEND 假装
countable or uncountable
■an attempt to bluff 虚张声势，蒙，唬
• When she said she was leaving him, he thought it was only a bluff. 当她说要离开他时，他以为那只是吓唬他。
[blʌf] noun
CLIFF 悬崖
countable
■a cliff or very steep bank 悬崖，峭壁；陡岸
[blʌf] adjective
■direct or too honest, often in a way that people find rude 过分直率的；过于直接的
• Despite her bluff manner , she's actually a very kind woman. 尽管有点过于直率，但她实际上是个很善良的女人。
n. 吓唬；绝壁；断崖
 - cliff, precipice
vt. 吓唬；愚弄
 - befool, assify
vi. 吓唬
 - shit up
adj. 直率的；陡峭的
 - explicit, frank, naked

Word: computer-generated
Front: computer-generated
None None
Back: 计算机产生的
分布：计算机产生的(100%)

Word: globular
Front: globular
[ˈglɒbjələ(r)] (15691/23863)
Back: adj. 球状的; 球形; 球粒状
分布：球状的(47%)，由小球形成的(40%)，全世界的(13%)
球形的(globe球状)[-ular表形容词"有…形状或性质的"]
US ['glɑ:b.jə.lɚ] adjective
■shaped like a ball 球状的，球形的；圆的
adj. 球状的；由小球形成的；闻名世界的
 - bulbiform, spheroidal

Word: foreshadow
Front: foreshadow
[fɔ:ˈʃædəʊ] (托宝 15685/18942)
Vocabulary: foreshadow
(once / 2628 pages)
v
To foreshadow is to predict something or to give a hint of what is to come. Your kid sister's ability to take apart a toaster and put it back together might foreshadow a successful career in electronics.
The verb foreshadow is often defined as "warning" or has a suggestion of something bad to come, though sometimes it's more neutral or shows examples of both good and bad predictions. Dark gray clouds foreshadow a thunderstorm, just as spring showers foreshadow May flowers. What is foreshadowed doesn't always happen, though. A story might not foreshadow a happily-ever-after ending, but then it takes an unexpected twist, and the villain turns out to be a hero.
WORD FAMILY
foreshadow: foreshadowed, foreshadowing, foreshadows+/ foreshadowing: foreshadowings/overshadow: overshadowed, overshadowing, overshadows/ shadow: foreshadow, overshadow, shadowed, shadower, shadowing, shadows, shadowy /shadowed: unshadowed/shadower: shadowers/shadowing: shadowings/ shadowy: shadowily, shadowiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bourdain said that while he fears Mr. Trump’s election is a foreshadowing of “authoritarianism,” conservatives do not own full culpability for the political landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Only now, in retrospect, does the encounter foreshadow the anger and fear that was a dominant theme of the 2016 campaign.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Now I see it as a kind of foreshadowing of what happened next and the results of the election: it is a moment of terror.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 预示，是…的先兆
时态：foreshadowed, foreshadowing, foreshadows
分布：预示(74%)，预兆(26%)
预示,暗示(fore+shadow影子→影子预先来)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
【记】fore前，shadow（n 影子；vt 遮蔽；预示）－影子提前来－原指乌云的影子预示着大雨
US [fɔ:r'ʃæd.oʊ] formal
verb transitive
■to act as a warning or sign of a future event 是…的预兆；预示
• The recent outbreak of violence was foreshadowed by isolated incidents in the city earlier this year. 今年早些时候城里发生的几宗孤立事件是近来爆发的暴力事件的预兆。
vt. 预示；成为…的前兆
 - indicate, shadow, announce
n. 预兆
 - warning, predictive signs, bodement

Word: collecting
Front: collecting
[kəˈlektɪŋ] (15658/14790)
Back: v. 收集( collect的现在分词 ); 收到; 收藏; 聚积
分布：收集(89%)，聚集(7%)，募捐(3%)，运走(1%)
ADJ
(罐子或盒子)用于募集捐款的
A collecting tin or box is one that is used to collect money for charity.

Word: stacked
Front: stacked
[stækt] (15701/22103)
Back: v. 堆积( stack的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：成堆的(60%)，身材匀称丰满的(20%)，动词stack的过去式和过去分词.(20%)
→stack,堆，撂，-ed,形容词后缀。
adjective
■covered or filled with a large amount of things 覆盖着大量…的；放有成堆…的；塞满…的
• The fridge is stacked with food. 冰箱里塞满了食物。
US slang
■(of a woman) having large breasts. This sense is considered offensive by many women. （女子）胸部丰满的（许多女性认为该词具有冒犯性）
adj. 妖艳的；（女人）身材丰满匀称的
 - coquettish

Word: riff
Front: riff
[rɪf] (15730/27077 -1)
Vocabulary: riff
(once / 10639 pages)
1nv 2v
A riff is a short section of music, especially in jazz. When you're first learning to play the saxophone, you may just play the same riff over and over.
When one jazz musician in a band is improvising, the others are typically playing riffs in the background. Sometimes a riff introduces the start of a song or its chorus. To play this section is also to riff, and you can also talk about improvised speech using riff: "The stand-up comic decided to riff on the subject of his mom, since it was the only joke that was getting any laughs."
WORD FAMILY
riff: riffed, riffing, riffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Cincinnati zoo declared itself unimpressed with all the riffs on its dead animal - but that certainly didn't put an end to the jokes.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Rather than recreate the props of “At the Hawk’s Well,” Mr. Starling riffs on its creators and their colleagues in wartime Dublin, Paris and Tokyo.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Some look like angled tides of digital lightning; others like riffs on Southwestern quilts; and some like pixelated Photoshop fails.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 反复乐节; 即兴重复段; 里弗族
v. 反复演奏即兴段
时态：riffed, riffing, riffs
分布：即兴重复段(60%)，反复乐节(40%)
noun countable
■in jazz or popular music, a tune which continues or appears regularly in a piece of music while other parts change or are added （爵士乐或流行音乐的）重覆乐段
• The song is punctuated by long guitar riffs. 这首歌中穿插着很长的吉他演奏的重覆乐段。

Word: mosaic
Front: mosaic
[məʊˈzeɪɪk] (研托雅宝 10103/5213 -1)
Vocabulary: mosaic
(once / 2523 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you’ve ever seen a piece of artwork where the picture is comprised of little clay tiles, then you’ve seen a mosaic.
If you break a nice piece of china, or a stain glass window, you could save the broken pieces for future use in a mosaic. A mosaic is a style of art where a larger image is created by arranging bits of clay, glass, or other materials in a pattern. More broadly, you can use this word to describe anything that is made up of many different elements, such as “the diverse group represented a mosaic of different viewpoints.”
WORD FAMILY
mosaic: mosaicism, mosaics
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is a sumptuous mosaic ceiling, with marble columns and copper clay friezes.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
The reason for his newfound celebrity: His likeness is featured in a mosaic there.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The death of T1 was but one tile in this vast mosaic of annihilation.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 马赛克; 镶嵌图案; 镶嵌工艺; [植]花叶病
adj. 摩西的; 拼花的
vt. 镶嵌; 用马赛克装饰
分布：马赛克(56%)，镶嵌(38%)，镶嵌图案(5%)，用马赛克装饰(1%)
→来自拉丁语musaicum,献给智慧女神Muse的作品，词源同Muse,museum.一种古代的镶嵌组合艺术作品，后作为电影术语使用。
n.马赛克;镶嵌体The sky this morning is a mosaic of blue and white.今早的天空有如一幅蓝白两种颜色相拼的图案.
US [moʊ-] noun countable
■a pattern or picture made using many small pieces of coloured stone or glass 马赛克；镶嵌图案；镶嵌画
• a beautiful 10th century mosaic 一幅美丽的10世纪镶嵌画
• figurative The country is now a cultural and social mosaic (= mixture) due to the influx of different ethnic groups. 因有不同种族融入，现在这个国家呈现出文化与社会的多元化景象。
n. [建] 马赛克； [细胞] [遗] 镶嵌；镶嵌细工
 - crustification, marquetry

Word: contiguous
Front: contiguous
[kənˈtɪgjuəs] (托宝 15684/13183)
Vocabulary: contiguous
(once / 1842 pages)
adj
Use the adjective contiguous when you want to describe one thing touching another thing, or next to it but not actually touching.
Things that are contiguous are near or next to but not actually touching and yet they are also defined as "touching, sharing a border." You can use this adjective to describe people or things related to and nearby others. It comes from the Latin word contiguus, which means pretty much the same thing, "bordering upon." Because the word has two meanings that are very similar but not always the same it can be a bit confusing. This is an example of what's called "semantic ambiguity," when something can mean more than one thing or a word or phrase is not precise.
WORD FAMILY
contiguous: contiguity, contiguously, contiguousness+/ contiguity: contiguities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The more outposts that are built, the more the settlements expand, the less possible it is to create a contiguous state.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Macky Sall, president of the Gambia’s only contiguous neighbour, Senegal, told French television that the use of force should be a “last resort”.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
BlackRock will move from 31 floors spread over three buildings to 15 contiguous floors in one building.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 接触的，邻近的，共同的
分布：连续的(72%)，邻近的(16%)，接触的(12%)
→con-, 强调。-tig, 接触，词源同contact, tangible.
邻近的,接近的(con共同+tig+uous互相接触→毗邻的)[tact,tag,tig,ting=touch表示"接触"]
接近的(con共同+tig接触)[-uous表形容词"多…的"]
【记】con共同，tig接触，uous多－共同接触很多－接壤的
【参】contiguity（n 邻近；接壤）
[kən'tɪg.ju.əs] formal
adjective
■next to or touching another, usually similar, thing 相近的，相邻的；毗邻的；互相连接的
• The two states are contiguous with/to each other, but the laws are quite different. 这两个州相毗邻，但其法律却大不相同。
adj. 连续的；邻近的；接触的
 - adjacent, straight, endless, running, serial

Word: attitudinal
Front: attitudinal
[ˌætɪˈtju:dɪnl] (15687/25205)
Back: adj. 态度的，根据（或表示）个人态度的
分布：态度的(100%)
ADJ
生活态度的;人生观的
Attitudinal means related to people's attitudes and the way they look at their life.
例：Does such an attitudinal change reflect real experiences in daily life?人生观的这种转变是否反映了日常生活中的真实遭遇？

Word: illuminated
Front: illuminated
[ɪˈlu:mɪneɪtɪd] (15715/14621 -1)
Back: adj. 被照明的，发光的; （书籍等）用鲜明图案装饰的; 受到启发（启蒙）的
v. 使明亮( illuminate的过去式); 照亮; 阐明，说明; 启发
分布：照明(46%)，说明(45%)，阐释(9%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■An illuminated book or other piece of writing is one decorated with added colour, gold paint and small pictures （书籍等）装饰华美的
• an illuminated manuscript 装饰华美的手稿
v. 照明；启发；兴奋（illuminate的过去分词）
 - civilized

Word: dissection
Front: dissection
[daɪ'sekʃn] (宝 15713/21746)
Vocabulary: dissection
(once / 4464 pages)
n
Dissection is the process of separating something into pieces. Whether the dissection involves taking a poem apart line-by-line to learn its meaning or cutting open a frog to study its insides, you're pulling out the parts that make up a whole to better understand it.
Let's dissect, or take apart, this word for a moment. Dis- means "apart" and section means "to cut", which come together to form the definition of dissection: "to cut apart." When you cut something up into sections you're doing a dissection. The word is commonly used when talking about the process of cutting something apart for scientific purposes, it's also used to talk about taking apart an argument, a poem, or a plan.
WORD FAMILY
dissection: dissections+/ dissect: dissected, dissecting, dissection, dissects
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s timelessly vintage, yet thoroughly modern in its dissection of our emotional roadblocks. Listen.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“So you can do really meticulous dissection between critical organs like the bowel and bladder, and minimize the chance of a mistake.”
Washington Times(Nov 19, 2016)
His brother, my husband: similar cyclist, similar healthy eater with aortic dissection, heart failure and eight stents.
New York Times(Nov 13, 2016)
Back: n. 解剖，切开，剥离; 剖割; 切割; 切段
分布：解剖(97%)，仔细分析(3%)
解剖;细查(dis+sect+ion)[Sect,seg=cut,divide,表示"切,割"]
VERB
解剖(人体或动物躯体)
If someone dissects the body of a dead person or animal, they carefully cut it up in order to examine it scientifically.
例：We dissected a frog in biology class.我们在生物课上解剖了一只青蛙。
VERB
仔细分析;详细评论
If someone dissects something such as a theory, a situation, or a piece of writing, they consider and talk about each detail of it.
例：People want to dissect his work and question his motives.人们想仔细分析他的作品，并对他的动机提出质疑。
n. [解剖] 解剖，切开；解剖体；详细查究
 - anatomy, incision

Word: boundless
Front: boundless
[ˈbaʊndləs] (托 15729/20286)
Vocabulary: boundless
(once / 871 pages)
adj
Something that's boundless has no limits or restrictions. Your dog's boundless energy might leave you exhausted, since it never seems to end.
The adjective boundless is often used to mean "huge" or "immense." Your local Christmas tree farm, for example, might seem boundless as you walk through the rows of evergreens that stretch as far as you can see. If your little brother has boundless enthusiasm for superheros, he's probably capable of talking about Batman for hours. The noun bound originally meant "limit," from the Old French word bonde, "limit or boundary," so boundless means "without limit."
WORD FAMILY
boundless: boundlessly, boundlessness+/ bound: boundary, bounded, bounder, bounding, boundingly, boundless, bounds, inbound, rebound, unbound/ boundary: boundaries/bounded: boundedness, unbounded/bounder: bounderish, bounders/ rebound: rebounded, rebounding, rebounds/unbound: unboundedly/unbounded: unboundedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Garbrandt lived up to his boundless promise with a resourceful effort against Cruz, who was favored to defend his belt.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And the 19-year-old with the electric smile and boundless talent was still the best in the world.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
For all that, it’s one of the few superhero books this year a child might genuinely enjoy – an easy-to-read, straightforward story with boundless empathy.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无限的; 无穷的; 无边际的; 广阔的
分布：无限的(60%)，无穷的(23%)，无边无际的(17%)
【记】bound界限，less少－无限制的
【反】limited（adj 有限的）
adjective
■having no limit 无限的；无边无际的
• boundless optimism 无比乐观
• She has boundless energy and enthusiasm. 她有无穷的精力和无限的热情。
adj. [数] 无限的；无边无际的
 - huge, infinite

Word: redesign
Front: redesign
[ˌri:dɪˈzaɪn] (10636/14180 -1)
Vocabulary: redesign
(once / 6144 pages)
v
To change the way something looks or functions is to redesign it. If you use a wheelchair, you might need to redesign your new apartment to make it easier to get around.
An architect might redesign a school building so it meets the current codes for being accessible — adding elevators, ramps, and new bathrooms, for example. Or you might redesign your dorm room, simply by moving the furniture around and attaching a disco ball to the ceiling. Clothing designers, in turn, sometimes redesign old favorites, like when they redesign jeans so they have a higher waist or a slimmer fit.
WORD FAMILY
redesign: redesigned, redesigning, redesigns+/ design: designed, designer, designing, designs, redesign /designed: designedly, undesigned/ designer: designers/ designing: designingly, designings/undesigned: undesignedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether you’re looking for a single statement piece or to redesign your home, 14th Street NW is a haven for furniture seekers.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
A quick redesign incorporated the Nebraska sower with his hands properly placed.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Caruso, in an interview last week, said he worked extensively to meet the neighborhood’s needs, redesigning the project and offering additional concessions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: v. 重新设计
n. 重新设计; 新设计
时态：redesigned, redesigning, redesigns
分布：重新设计(100%)
VERB
重新设计
If a building, vehicle, or system is redesigned, it is rebuilt according to a new design in order to improve it.
例：The hotel has recently been redesigned and redecorated...这家酒店最近重新设计和装修过。
例：The second step is to redesign the school system so that it produces a well-educated population.第二步是重新设计学校体制以造就高素质的人口。
vt. 重新设计
 - refashion
n. 重新设计；新设计
 - new design

Word: tolerable
Front: tolerable
[ˈtɒlərəbl] (托雅 15726/13784 -1)
Vocabulary: tolerable
(once / 248 pages)
1adj 2adj
Something that's tolerable is something you're able to live with. The best thing you can say about sleeping in a tent with your younger siblings might be that it's tolerable.
If you can tolerate something, or put up with it, it's tolerable. You can also use this adjective to mean "good enough" or "adequate." If your waiter asks how your meal is and you answer, "The pizza is tolerable," you're not giving a rave review; you're basically saying, "It's average" or "It's edible, but nothing special." Tolerable comes from the Latin tolerabilis, "that may be endured."
WORD FAMILY
tolerable: intolerable, intolerably, tolerablest, tolerably+/ intolerable: intolerablest/ tolerance: overtolerance, tolerances/ tolerate: tolerable, tolerance, tolerated, tolerates, tolerating, toleration/toleration: tolerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It smells tolerable, for a short period of time.”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Within a week, the pain had become tolerable, though he still walked tentatively.
Slate(Nov 21, 2016)
Over the course of a few months, these headaches went from being occasional and tolerable to daily and excruciating.
New York Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 可忍受的; 过得去的; 可宽恕的; <口>还算健康的
分布：可容忍的(91%)，还不错的(9%)
→tolerate,容忍，-able,形容词后缀。
可容忍的(toler+able)[toler=endure,表示"容忍"]
US ['tɑ:.lɚ-] adjective
■of a quality that is acceptable, although certainly not good 可忍受的，过得去的
• At their best the conditions in these prisons are scarcely tolerable. 即使在最好的时候，这些监狱的条件也令人难以忍受。
• For me it's friendships that make life tolerable. 对我而言，是友谊才使生活尚且过得去。
adj. 可以的；可容忍的
 - gey, sufferable

Word: amenable
Front: amenable
[əˈmi:nəbl] (托宝 15693/11453)
Vocabulary: amenable
(once / 3480 pages)
adj
If your friends want to try sky diving and you're amenable to the idea, sounds like you're going to be jumping out of a plane. If a person or thing is amenable to something, they are ready, willing, or responsive.
Note that amenable is often followed by the preposition to, which makes amenable mean "able to be controlled or affected by something," as in "They are usually amenable to our wishes;" or "Her heart condition is not amenable to treatment." An amenable personality is open to influence or control and is willing to agree or yield.
WORD FAMILY
amenable: amenability, amenableness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, most causes of cardiac arrest are not amenable to defibrillation.
Slate(Dec 28, 2016)
Republican legislators were surprised, and a little amused, but not amenable.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
He continued: “The graciousness, the intelligence, the reception we got was fantastic. He’s amenable to listening to people who didn’t vote for him.”
The Guardian(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. （对法律等）负责的; 易控制的; 经得起检验（或考查）的; 可用某种方式处理的
分布：顺从的(42%)，经得起检验的(36%)，通情达理的(13%)，对...负有义务的(9%)
→前缀a- 同ad-. 词根men, 伸出，引导，威胁，见 menace，威胁。此处用引导义，可引导的，顺从的。
通情达理的[amen=pleasant(愉快)]
【记】a一个，men人，able能…的－一个人能共事－通情达理的amen读：阿门，able－基督教祷告语－基督教徒是通情达理的
【反】inimical（adj 敌意的）；recalcitrant（adj 顽抗的）；obdurate（adj 顽固的）；ossified（adj 僵化的）；intransigent（adj 非妥协性的）
adjective
■willing to accept or be influenced by a suggestion 易接受建议的；耳朵软的
• She might be more amenable to the idea if you explained how much money it would save. 你当时要是跟她解释这样做会省下多少钱，她或许会更乐意接受这个主意。
• Do you think the new manager will prove more amenable to our proposals? 你认为新经理对我们的建议会更加乐于接受吗？
adj. 有责任的，应服从的；有义务的；经得起检验的
 - responsible, bound, liable, accountable

Word: warp
Front: warp
[wɔ:p] (托宝 14074/16380 -1)
Vocabulary: warp
(once / 1140 pages)
vn
To warp is to bend, twist, or otherwise become misshapen. Wooden furniture left outside in the rain will often warp from the moisture.
Getting wet makes some things warp, while plastic has a tendency to warp in the hot sun. Sometimes people use the word colloquially to mean "have a bad or distorting influence on," as when a politician insists that video games warp kids' minds. In weaving, the warp is all of the threads running one direction — the ones that are woven over and under the warp are called the weft.
WORD FAMILY
warp: warped, warping, warps+/warping: warpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
I wanted warp drive, I wanted to travel to other planets and star systems.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The pressure warped the way officers and residents saw each other.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Nabokov dismissed Wilson’s analysis as “figments of his warped fancy.”
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 弯曲，歪斜; 偏见，乖戾; 经纱; [航]绞船索
vt. & vi. 弄弯，变歪; 扭曲，曲解
vt. 使（行为等）不合情理，使乖戾; 使卷曲，使弯曲; 用绞船索牵引
时态：warped, warping, warps
分布：经纱(46%)，扭曲(17%)，弯曲(16%)，歪曲(10%)，变歪(4%)，绞船索(3%)，弄歪(2%)，乖僻(1%)，使翘起(1%)
→来自werp，弯，转，缠绕，来自wer的扩大格，弯，转，词源同wring,versus.同时用于指经线，比较weft.
US [wɔ:rp] verb
BEND 弯曲
intransitive or transitive
■(especially of wood) to become damaged by bending or twisting, usually as a result of the presence of water or heat, or (of water or heat) to cause this to happen （使）（木材）弯曲，（使）翘曲，（使）变形
• Left in the garage where it was damp, the wooden frame had warped. 由于放在潮湿的车库里，木头框架已经变形了。
• If I put the shelves near the radiator, the heat might warp them. 如果我把架子放在暖气附近，热度可能会使其变形。
UK [wɔ:p] US [wɔ:rp] verb
STRANGE 奇怪的
transitive
■to make a person or their behaviour strange, in an unpleasant or harmful way 使（人或人的行为）反常，使变得乖戾；扭曲
• Prison warps people. Had it warped Kelley enough that he would kill a stranger? 监狱扭曲人性。它有没有使凯利变态到会杀死一个陌生人呢？
UK [wɔ:p] US [wɔ:rp] noun
the warp only singular specialized
■the threads that go along the length of a piece of cloth or a loom (= a device for weaving) （织布中的）经纱，经线 Compare the weft
n. [物] 弯曲，歪曲；偏见；乖戾
 - violence, curve, give, winding
vt. 使变形；使有偏见；曲解
 - transfigure, deform
vi. 变歪，变弯；曲解
 - read into, put a force upon

Word: decompose
Front: decompose
[ˌdi:kəmˈpəʊz] (研六托雅宝 15704/19254 -1)
Vocabulary: decompose
(once / 1155 pages)
1v 2v
The verb decompose means to break down or decay, like tree leaves that decompose into dirt, or cell phone batteries that decompose, resulting in more frequent charging for the user.
You know that the prefix de- means "remove" or "undo." And something that's composed is made up of parts. So to decompose is to undo all the parts until they go back to their original state: dirt. Living things decompose. When things like buildings or organizations break down, you typically use words like dismantle or deconstruct to describe the process.
WORD FAMILY
decompose: decomposable, decomposed, decomposes, decomposing, decomposition +/ component: components/ compose: component, composed, composer, composes, composing, composition, compositor, composure, decompose, discompose/ composed: composedly / composer: composers/ composition: compositional, compositions/compositional: compositionally, decompositional/compositor: compositors/ composure: composures/decomposable: undecomposable/ decomposition: decompositions/discompose: discomposed, discomposes, discomposing, discomposure/discomposed: discomposedly/discomposure: discomposures
USAGE EXAMPLES
"Quite a high proportion are too decomposed for a post-mortem examination."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
He told police he thought it would be quickly found and wouldn’t decompose because of low temperatures.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
These engines burn methane gas produced from decomposing rubbish to generate electricity.
BBC(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 分解; （使）腐烂
时态：decomposed, decomposing, decomposes
分布：腐烂(100%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。compose, 组成。即分解，腐烂。
【记】de，com共同，pose放－使放在一起的东西分开－使腐烂源于：decay（vi 腐朽；腐烂）
【参】compose（v 组成；写作）
US [-'poʊz] verb intransitive or transitive
■to decay, or to cause something to decay （使）腐化，（使）腐烂
• The body must have been decomposing for several weeks. 那具尸体肯定已经腐烂好几个星期了。
■specialized
■to break, or to break something, into smaller parts （使）分解，（使）分化
• Microbes decompose organic waste into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. 微生物把有机废物分解为一种甲烷和二氧化碳的混合物。
rot, decompose, decay
这组词都有“烂、腐烂”的意思，其区别是：
rot: 指蔬菜水果或肉类的分解、腐烂。
decompose: 侧重指动物或植物类物体由于内部组织的分解而导致的腐烂过程。
decay: 通常指由良好或完美的状态自然而缓慢地变坏或完全变坏腐烂，或部分地毁坏。
vi. 分解；使腐烂
 - resolve, break down
vt. 分解；腐烂
 - analyze, break down

Word: sapling
Front: sapling
[ˈsæplɪŋ] (宝 15669/21214)
Vocabulary: sapling
(once / 2471 pages)
n
A young tree with a slender trunk is known as a sapling. Just as a young duck is called a "duckling," a young tree is called a sapling.
The suffix "-ling" comes from Old English and often shows up today at the end of words to mean "young" or "youngster." Brothers and sisters are called siblings. A baby goose is called a gosling. Someone who works under you is called an underling. The way to remember the meaning of sapling is that trees make "sap" — the sweet, sugary liquid that, in sugar maples, gets turned into syrup. A young tree, then, is known as a sapling. One day, it'll make sap.
WORD FAMILY
sapling: saplings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He looked at a lean sapling of a forward and asked quietly: “Elijah, you tired? No mas?”
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A sapling, morphing into a seedling, his bark showed no memories, but pain to him was an entity.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
The saplings were grown by the Archangel Ancient Tree Archive, a Michigan nonprofit saving the genetics of ancient trees by cloning and planting.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 幼树，树苗
分布：树苗(57%)，小树(27%)，年轻人(16%)
→sap,汁液，-ling,小词后缀。引申词义树苗，幼树。
小树苗(sap树液)[-ling表名词"小东西或某种人"]
【记】sap（n 树液），ling小－小树苗
noun countable
■a young tree 树苗，小树，幼树
n. 树苗；年轻人
 - seedling, young adult

Word: bushy
Front: bushy
[bʊʃi] (15683/18947 -1)
Vocabulary: bushy
(once / 1885 pages)
adj
Bushy things have the rounded shape and thick texture of a bush. You could describe your grandfather as having thick gray hair and bushy black eyebrows.
You can use the adjective bushy to describe all kinds of things — you might wake up with your curly hair looking quite bushy, or adopt a particularly bushy old cat from the animal shelter. Shrubs are usually bushy, of course, while other plants may grow tall and spindly or spread in a squat and bushy shape. In the 14th century, bushy meant "overgrown with bushes."
WORD FAMILY
bushy: bushier, bushiest, bushily+/ bush: bushed, bushes, bushing, bushy /bushing: bushings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those bushy eyebrows were not familiar; neither was that shade of brown skin.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Castro’s bushy beard, long cigar and green fatigues made him as instantly internationally recognisable as Chaplin, Monroe or the Queen.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
Diamond eyes with fluffy lashes and bushy brows?
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adj. （毛发或毛皮）浓密的; （植物）茂密的; 灌木似的
级别：bushier, bushiest
分布：浓密的(62%)，灌木茂密的(18%)，多毛的(14%)，灌木一样的(6%)
adjective
■describes hair or fur that is very thick （毛发）浓密的；多毛的
• a squirrel's bushy tail 松鼠毛茸茸的尾巴
• bushy eyebrows 浓密的眉毛
adj. 浓密的；灌木茂密的；多毛的
 - shock, hairy

Word: broker
Front: broker
[ˈbrəʊkə(r)] (宝 4073/5375 -3)
Vocabulary: broker
(once / 522 pages)
nv
A broker is someone who buys or sells for someone else for a commission. You may go to a real estate company to get a broker to help you buy a house.
In Middle English broker meant "peddler or retailer." Nowadays a broker still sells things — but she's acting as an agent making deals for someone else and collecting a commission for all that work. Used as a verb, broker means to arrange a deal or negotiate. Working for an advisory firm, a broker may convince you to invest in a company — so the broker would broker a business deal.
WORD FAMILY
broker: brokerage, brokered, brokering, brokers+/brokerage: brokerages
USAGE EXAMPLES
What the page doesn’t say is that those sources include detailed dossiers obtained from commercial data brokers about users’ offline lives.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
Today, he is one of the biggest obstacles to U.S. efforts to broker peace in Yemen and threatens Washington’s influence in the Middle East.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The resolution also welcomed plans for the talks in Kazakhstan before a resumption of U.N.-brokered talks in Geneva in February.
Reuters(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. （股票、外币等）经纪人; 中间人，代理人; 旧货商人; 〈口〉婚姻介绍人
vt. 作为权力经纪人进行谈判; 作为中间人来安排、设法
时态：brokered, brokering, brokers
分布：经纪人(93%)，安排(4%)，协商(3%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺，词源同broach. 原指卖散酒的零售商，后来词义由散酒零售商到皮条客到经纪人。
【源】“一笔交易做成时作为礼节性的礼品”
【记】pawnbroker（n 典当商）
US ['broʊ.kɚ] noun countable
■a person who buys and sells foreign money, shares in companies, etc., for other people 经纪人，掮客
• a commodity/insurance/mortgage broker 商品／保险／按揭经纪人
• I called my broker for advice about investing in the stock market. 我给我的经纪人打电话咨询股市投资的问题。
■a person who talks to opposing sides, especially governments, making arrangements for them or bringing to an end disagreements （尤指政府的）中间人，调停人
• During the war Wallas became a power broker in governmental circles. 战争期间华莱士成了政界的权力经纪人。
UK ['brəʊ.kər] US ['broʊ.kɚ] verb transitive
■to arrange something such as a deal, agreement, etc. between two or more groups or countries 作为经纪人安排（交易、协议等）
• The foreign ministers have failed in their attempts to broker a ceasefire. 外交部长们促成停火的尝试已告失败。
n. [经] 经纪人， [劳经] 掮客
 - booking agent, middleman

Word: milk
Front: milk
[mɪlk] (中高雅宝 2033/1881 -K3)
Vocabulary: milk
(once / 197 pages)
nv
Milk is the white liquid that female mammals produce for feeding their babies. Nursing human mothers feed their infants milk, and so do mother goats, cows, dogs, and cats.
If you love to drink milk, you're probably a fan of the kind that comes from cows on farms and is sold in grocery stores. However, if you're allergic to this kind of milk, you might drink one of the beverages also known as milk that are made from soaking beans, nuts, rice, or even coconut in water until it becomes rich, white, and milky. To milk is to extract or draw milk from a plant or animal.
WORD FAMILY
milk: foremilk, milked, milker, milking, milkless, milklike, milks, milky +/milker: milkers/ milky: milkier, milkiest, milkily
USAGE EXAMPLES
A product with more than 50 percent foreign milk must say where it was collected and turned into the product being sold.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
While cheese may be, as the legendary editor Clifton Fadiman called it, “milk’s leap toward immortality,” here it is death on a plate.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“America is a great nation, a kind nation, a nation of greener pastures and milk and honey and endless possibilities,” Mr. Canunayon said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 奶; 乳液; 母乳
vt. 挤奶; 榨取
时态：milked, milking, milks
分布：奶(57%)，牛奶(40%)，榨取(1%)，乳汁(1%)，产乳(1%)
→来自melg,挤奶，奶，词源同emulsion.可能来自mel,磨，磨软，软的，词源同mild,mill.由磨引申词义抚摸，刮，挤奶，奶。
n.牛奶;(植物流出的)白色乳液v.挤奶The silly spilled the milk on the silver silk.傻子把牛奶溅到银白色的丝绸上.
noun uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■the white liquid produced by cows, goats, and sheep and used by humans as a drink or for making butter, cheese, etc 奶；牛奶；羊奶
• a glass/carton of milk 一杯／盒牛奶
• cow's/goat's milk 牛／羊奶
• skimmed/pasteurized milk 脱脂奶／经高温杀菌的牛奶
• a milk bottle 奶瓶
■the white liquid produced by women and other female mammals as food for their young （女性及雌性哺乳动物的）奶，乳汁
• Breast/Mother's milk is the best nourishment for a baby. 母乳是婴儿最好的营养品。
■the white liquid produced by some plants and trees （植物的）乳液，白色汁液
• coconut milk 椰汁
[mɪlk] noun uncountable
the milk of human kindness
■good, kind qualities 人类的恻隐之心；人类的善良天性
• She's full of the milk of human kindness. 她本性仁慈善良。
[mɪlk] verb
GET MILK 挤奶
intransitive or transitive
■to get milk from an animal 挤…的奶；挤（奶）
• Milking a cow by hand is a skilled process. 挤牛奶是一项需要专门技术的工作。
• Some goats seem to milk (= produce milk) better than others. 有些山羊似乎比其他山羊更容易产奶。
[mɪlk] verb
GET MONEY/INFORMATION 榨取金钱／消息
transitive disapproving
■to get as much money or information out of someone or something as possible, often in a selfish or dishonest way 榨取，勒索
• [+ obj + adj] The newspapers milked the story dry. 报纸利用这个故事大做文章。
• The directors milked the company of several million pounds. 几个董事榨取了公司数百万英镑的钱财。
n. [食品] 牛奶； [化学] 乳状物
 - lait, creamery
vt. 榨取；挤…的奶
 - extract, ream

Word: creeping
Front: creeping
[ˈkri:pɪŋ] (15723/13746)
Back: n. & adj. 爬行（的）
v. 蹑手蹑足地走( creep的现在分词 ); 缓慢地行进; 爬行; 匍匐
分布：爬行的(70%)，缓慢发展的(15%)，动词creep的现在分词形式.(15%)
disapproving
adjective [before noun]
■happening, developing or moving slowly or gradually 缓慢行进的；悄然进行的；逐渐发展的
• We are totally against any form of creeping Socialism. 我们坚决反对任何形式的社会主义滋生发展。
adj. 爬行的；迟缓的；毛骨悚然的；奉承的
 - acrawl, thrilling
n. 爬行
 - crawl
v. 爬行；慢慢地移动（creep的现在分词）
 - worming

Word: cheesy
Front: cheesy
[ˈtʃi:zi] (15709/36651)
Vocabulary: cheesy
(once / 14793 pages)
adj
Use the word cheesy to describe something that's cheap or badly made. You might hope your fake Rolex watch will impress your friends, but they're bound to see how cheesy it is.
A really horrible motel room, with shag carpeting and strange art on the walls, can be described as cheesy, and so can a badly-written, sloppily made television movie. Cheesy is a great informal way to talk about shoddy or slightly unpleasant things. It comes from late 1800's United States university student slang, which also included the term cheese, which meant "ignorant, stupid person."
WORD FAMILY
cheesy: cheesier, cheesiest, cheesily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, he and Noonan wondered whether it was too cheesy to use.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
So I binge-watch cheesy Christmas movies on the Hallmark Channel.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Months later, it’s still the best entertainment in the state—and much less cheesy than your average resort luau.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 干酪质的; <美俚>（质量）低劣的; 下等的; <英俚>俊俏的
分布：干酪质的(52%)，劣质的(16%)，庸俗的(16%)，不值钱的(16%)
→来自cheese的俚语义，笨蛋，傻瓜等。
adjective
BAD STYLE 庸俗的 informal
■clearly of cheap quality or in bad style 劣质的，低级的；粗鄙的；庸俗的
• cheesy hotel music 庸俗的饭店音乐
• cheesy adverts 粗俗的广告
■UK informal
■describes a wide smile which is not sincere （笑容）虚假的，做作的
• She gave a cheesy grin to the cameras. 她向着镜头做作地一笑。
['tʃi:.zi] adjective
LIKE CHEESE 像起司的
■tasting like or of cheese 起司味的；像起司的
• cheesy snacks 起司味的小吃
■UK informal
■If someone's feet, shoes or socks are cheesy, they smell unpleasant （脚、鞋或袜子）臭的，难闻的
• Someone here's got cheesy feet! 这里谁的脚这么臭！
adj. 干酪质的；下等的；漂亮的
 - pretty, inferior, smart, lower, tony

Word: fleece
Front: fleece
[fli:s] (宝 15794/16366 -1)
Vocabulary: fleece
(once / 1031 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A fleece is a sheep's coat. Or a goat's. Or a yak's. A person's coat can be called a fleece, too, if it comes from a sheep or goat or a yak or even if it just looks like it did.
You can also use fleece in an informal way to mean cheating someone. Remember how Mary had a little lamb whose fleece was white as snow? Well, it was such a nice, clean fleece that Mary tricked the lamb into trusting her, then robbed him of his fleece and turned it into a bomber jacket and a pair of boots. She totally fleeced him!
WORD FAMILY
fleece: fleeceable, fleeced, fleeces, fleecing, fleecy+/fleecy: fleecier, fleeciest, fleecily
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dude looked like a coach or an Old Navy model, all fleeced and boot-cut.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
They buy their Russian River Valley wine and fleece slippers from Costco.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
A bearded man wearing a gray fleece, his eyes puffy, approached the table.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 羊毛; 一只羊一次剪下的毛; 羊毛状织物; 绒头织物
vt. 诈取; 剪羊毛; （羊毛般）盖满
时态：fleeced, fleecing, fleeces
分布：羊毛(88%)，欺诈(6%)，羊毛状物(3%)，一次剪得的羊毛(3%)
→来自wele, 拔，羊毛，词源同wool, flannel.
【记】flee（v 逃跑），ce死：不逃跑就死了，因为披着羊皮的狼来骗人了。
noun countable or uncountable
■the thick covering of wool on a sheep, or this covering used to make a piece of clothing 羊毛
• My jacket is lined with fleece/is fleece -lined. 我的上衣是用羊毛做的衬里。
■a type of warm soft material, or a jacket made from this 绒头织物；绒头织物短上衣
[fli:s] verb transitive informal
■to take someone's money dishonestly, by charging too much money or by cheating them 敲诈；敲…的竹杠
• That restaurant really fleeced us! 那间餐厅的确是敲诈了我们！
n. 羊毛，绒头织物；羊毛制的覆盖物
 - wool, erio
vt. 剪下羊毛；欺诈，剥削
 - exploit, sweat

Word: labor-intensive
Front: labor-intensive
['læbərɪnt'ensɪv] None
Back: adj. 劳动密集型的
分布：劳动密集型的(100%)

Word: triumphantly
Front: triumphantly
[traɪ'ʌmfəntlɪ] (15696/12389)
Back: adv. 耀武扬威地，得意扬扬地; 胜利
分布：得意洋洋地(50%)，胜利地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
(成功或获胜后)欢欣鼓舞的，狂喜的
Someone who is triumphant has gained a victory or succeeded in something and feels very happy about it.
例：Duncan and his triumphant soldiers celebrate their military victory…邓肯和他那些欢欣鼓舞的士兵们庆祝他们取得了军事胜利。
例：The captain's voice was triumphant...上校的声音听上去万分得意。
adv. 成功地；耀武扬威地
 - successfully, resoundingly

Word: commemorative
Front: commemorative
[kəˈmemərətɪv] (15718/15034 -1)
Vocabulary: commemorative
(once / 8534 pages)
adjn
Anything that acts as a memorial to something or someone is commemorative — whether it's an action like a charity walk or an object like a war memorial.
Certain commemorative objects are known simply as commemoratives. Think, for example, of the Elvis Presley commemorative stamps your Dad keeps in his sock drawer (he was young once), or the commemorative coins minted for such events as the inauguration of a new President or the moon landing. See late night TV in particular for "special commemorative offers."
WORD FAMILY
commemorative: commemoratively, commemoratives+/ commemorate: commemorated, commemorates, commemorating, commemoration, commemorative / commemoration: commemorations
USAGE EXAMPLES
A spokesman for Trump’s inaugural committee tweeted Thursday that Metro is working on a commemorative sleeve that will include Trump’s image.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The U.S. post office issued a commemorative stamp.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Even the officers left with something: a commemorative coin and gift cards to Sugar Shack doughnuts.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 纪念的，纪念性的
n. 纪念品
分布：纪念的(100%)
ADJ
用于纪念的
A commemorative object or event is intended to make people remember a particular event or person.
例：The Queen unveiled a commemorative plaque.女王为纪念牌匾揭幕。
adj. 纪念的
 - memorial, recordative

Word: buzzing
Front: buzzing
['bʌzɪŋ] (15661/20327)
Back: adj. 嗡嗡响的
v. 发出嗡嗡声( buzz的现在分词 ); （发出）充满兴奋的谈话声[闲话，谣言]; 忙乱，急行; 用蜂鸣器（发信号）
分布：嗡嗡声(68%)，嗡嗡响的(25%)，动词buzz的现在分词.(7%)
VERB
发出嗡嗡声
If something buzzes or buzzes somewhere, it makes a long continuous sound, like the noise a bee makes when it is flying.
例：The intercom buzzed and he pressed down the appropriate switch...对讲机发出嗡嗡声，他按下了相应的开关。
例：Attack helicopters buzzed across the city.武装直升机嗡嗡地飞过城市上空。
VERB
匆忙地走动；忙得团团转
If people are buzzing around, they are moving around quickly and busily.
例：A few tourists were buzzing about...几个观光客在匆匆游览。
例：She was intimidated by the number of businessmen buzzing around the saleroom.拍卖行里乱哄哄谈生意的商人们令她望而生畏。
VERB
（想法）在脑海中萦绕，翻腾
If questions or ideas are buzzing around your head, or if your head is buzzing with questions or ideas, you are thinking about a lot of things, often in a confused way.
例：Many more questions were buzzing around in my head...还有很多问题在我的脑海里翻腾。
例：Top style consultants will leave you buzzing with new ideas.高级时尚顾问会使你的头脑充满新鲜想法。
VERB
充满嘈杂的（谈话、活动）声
If a place is buzzing with activity or conversation, there is a lot of activity or conversation there, especially because something important or exciting is about to happen.
例：The rehearsal studio is buzzing with lunchtime activity.大家在吃午饭，排练室里很是嘈杂。
例：The capital is buzzing with rumours of possible demonstrations.首都到处流传着可能发生游行示威的流言。
N-SING
嗡嗡的说话声
You can use buzz to refer to a long continuous sound, usually caused by lots of people talking at once.
例：A buzz of excitement filled the courtroom as the defendant was led in.当被告被带进来的时候，整个法庭的人都激动起来，一片嘈杂。
例：...the excited buzz of conversation.兴奋嘈杂的说话声
N-SING
（短暂的）快乐，兴奋
If something gives you a buzz, it makes you feel very happy or excited for a short time.
例：Performing still gives him a buzz...表演仍然能让他兴奋不已。
例：He got a buzz from creating confrontations.制造冲突让他感到幸灾乐祸。
N-SING
热闹有趣的气氛；时尚氛围
If a place or event has a buzz, it has a lively, interesting and modern atmosphere.
例：The girls fell in love with Dublin on previous visits. They said that what they liked was the buzz about the place.姑娘们在前几次的游览中就爱上了都柏林，她们说她们喜欢这个城市的时尚氛围。
ADJ
（词语、想法或活动）时髦的
You can use buzz to refer to a word, idea, or activity which has recently become extremely popular.
例：...the latest buzz phrase in garden design circles...园艺设计圈里的最新流行词语
例：Sex education in schools was the buzz topic.性教育在学校是个热议话题。
VERB
（用内线）给…打电话；（用蜂鸣器）呼叫
If you buzz someone, you call them, usually using an internal telephone line or a buzzer.
例：Later that morning Julie buzzed me.那天上午晚些时候朱丽给我打来了电话。
VERB
（飞机）低飞掠过，逼近
If an aircraft buzzes a place, it flies low over it, usually in a threatening way.
例：American fighter planes buzzed the city.美国战斗机低飞掠过城市。
adj. 嗡嗡响的；嘈杂的
 - noisy, pandemoniac
n. 嗡嗡声；嘈杂声
 - noisy, zoom

Word: purist
Front: purist
[ˈpjʊərɪst] (15728/15235)
Vocabulary: purist
(once / 7524 pages)
n
A purist is a person who insists on following certain rules exactly — to the letter. If you're a language purist, it upsets you to hear someone using bad grammar.
Most purists are fans of tradition and traditional rules, always sticking to those rules themselves and often instructing other people to do the same. To be a purist is to be a kind of perfectionist — a baking purist might feel that cookies made without a certain brand of chocolate chips are vastly inferior, for example. The noun purist originally referred specifically to language use, and it comes from the Latin purus, "clean, clear, or unmixed."
WORD FAMILY
purist: purists+/impure: impurely, impureness, impurer, impurest, impurity / impurity: impurities/ pure: impure, purely, pureness, purer, purest, purism, purity /purism: purisms, purist / purity: purities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Purists, however, are unlikely to enjoy the idea of penalty shootouts to decide drawn group-stage games.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Even though Huynh prides herself on recreating the fresh, fragrant, fishy flavors that she savored in central Vietnam, she’s no straitjacketed purist.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Konami’s International Superstar Soccer became the choice of the purist, thanks to its focus on fast-paced, tactical play.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 语言纯正癖者; 纯化论者; 力求纯化的人
分布：纯粹主义者(62%)，纯化论者(38%)
→来自pure,纯的，-ist,人。比喻用法。
纯粹主义者(pur+ist)[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
US ['pjʊr.ɪst] noun countable
■someone who believes in and follows very traditional rules or ideas in a subject 正统主义者；力求纯正者；纯粹主义者
• Although purists may object to split infinitives, like 'to boldly go', the fact is, they are commonly used. 尽管讲究语言规范的人会反对分离不定词，比如 to boldly go，但事实是这种用法很普遍。
• Purists eat smoked salmon with nothing more than lemon and black pepper. 讲究口味纯正的人吃熏鲑鱼时除了柠檬和黑胡椒甚么也不加。

Word: great-grandfather
Front: great-grandfather
['greɪt'grændˌfɑ:ðə] None
Back: n. 曾祖父; 太爷
分布：曾祖父(100%)

Word: maxim
Front: maxim
[ˈmæksɪm] (托宝 15719/13658 -1)
Vocabulary: maxim
(once / 1049 pages)
n
A maxim is a succinct formulation of a principle, rule, or basic truth about life. Usually clever, maxims are like great sayings everybody knows. Ben Franklin is the author of many, including "Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise."
A maxim sums up a fundamental principle or truth about something in a way that captures the imagination and gets repeated. Diana Vreeland, the legendary editor of Vogue magazine, once said, "Pink is the navy blue of India." May not be true, but it was such a great line it has become a maxim of fashion and even of India. An overused maxim of real estate is "Location, location, location." Confucius was spewing maxims long before Vogue hit the magazine stands: "He who learns but does not think is lost."
WORD FAMILY
maxim: maxims
USAGE EXAMPLES
And when we grow up, we learn that this maxim harbors a deep, sad truth—nowhere more so than in the Middle East.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
We do, however, believe in the old maxim “Trust but Verify.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Add to that somewhat tongue-in-cheek maxim a certain American hero named John Glenn.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 格言，座右铭; 准则
分布：格言(66%)，箴言(28%)，普遍真理(6%)
→来自拉丁语maxima,来自maximum的阴性格，-a,表阴性。即最重要的训导，引申词义格言，座右铭。
【记】源于：max大，im，大道理－格言，真理。
【参】maximize（v 最佳化）
noun countable
■a short statement of a general truth, principle or rule for behaviour 格言；基本原理；行为准则
n. 格言；准则；座右铭
 - formula, criterion, motto

Word: uneducated
Front: uneducated
[ʌnˈedʒukeɪtɪd] (15694/19009)
Back: adj. 未受良好教育的; 缺乏教养的; 未受过正规教育的; 没上过学的
分布：无知的(73%)，没受教育的(12%)，缺乏教养的(9%)，文盲的(6%)
未受教育的(un+educated有教养的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■having received little or no education 未受教育的；缺乏教育的
adj. 无知的；未受教育的
 - dark, empty, ignorant, innocent

Word: wholeheartedly
Front: wholeheartedly
[ˌhəʊl'hɑ:tɪdlɪ] (15750/13713)
Back: adv. 全心全意地，全神贯注地; 一心; 竭诚; 真心诚意
分布：全心全意地(75%)，尽力(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
全心全意的
If you support or agree to something in a wholehearted way, you support or agree to it enthusiastically and completely.
例：The Government deserves our wholehearted support for having taken a step in this direction.政府已朝这个方向迈进了一步，理应得到我们的全力支持。
adv. 全心全意地，全神贯注地
 - absorbedly

Word: grimace
Front: grimace
[grɪˈmeɪs] (宝 10865/13332 -1)
Vocabulary: grimace
(once / 1441 pages)
vn
The grimace on her face when he asked her to the prom told him her answer was "no" before she said a word. A grimace is a facial expression that usually suggests disgust or pain, but sometimes comic exaggeration.
Picture someone wrinkling his nose, squeezing his eyes shut, and twisting his mouth and you'll have a pretty solid mental image of a grimace. It can be a verb, as in "the class grimaced at the teacher's suggestion of a pop quiz." Or it words as a noun. "The class gave a grimace when the teacher suggested a pop quiz." Its forerunner was the 17th century Spanish grimazo, meaning caricature, and grima, meaning fright.
WORD FAMILY
grimace: grimaced, grimaces, grimacing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unwisely tamped down, Mr. Smith delivers a generally monotonal performance flecked with grimaces and frowns.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
With a Rams security official flanked to his right and a grinning Falcons player trailing on his left, Fisher wore a grimace.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 11, 2016)
In Oklahoma, an inmate writhed and grimaced in 2014 before dying; an investigation later found issues with the IV insertion.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 鬼脸，怪相; 痛苦的表情
vi. 扮怪相，做鬼脸
时态：grimaced, grimacing, grimaces
分布：鬼脸(55%)，作苦相(14%)，扮鬼脸(14%)，痛苦的表情(14%)，面部的歪扭(3%)
→来自grim, 咆哮，咆哮的脸，引申义鬼脸，怪相。
【记】grim（adj 狰狞可怕的），ace＝face－可怕的脸一鬼脸读：鬼魅s或鬼没死－才有作鬼脸的可能性
verb intransitive
■to make an expression of pain, strong dislike, etc. in which the face twists in an ugly way （因疼痛或厌恶而）做鬼脸，做怪相
• He tried to stand and grimaced with pain. 他试图站起来，结果疼得龇牙咧嘴。
vi. 扮鬼脸；作怪相；作苦相
 - make faces, pull faces
n. 鬼脸；怪相；痛苦的表情
 - moue

Word: triplet
Front: triplet
[ˈtrɪplət] (15816/22648)
Back: n. 三胞胎之一; 三个一组; 三联体（码）; 三连音符
分布：三胞胎之一(42%)，三连音符(33%)，三个一组(25%)
→triple,三倍的，-et,小词形式。用于指三胞胎中的一个。
noun countable
■one of three children born to the same mother at the same time 三胞胎之一
• I was amazed when my doctor told me I was going to have triplets. 当我从医生那里得知自己要生三胞胎时，我惊讶万分。
n. 三个一组；三连音符；三元组中的一个； [妇产] 三胞胎之一
 - ternion, triad

Word: ire
Front: ire
[ˈaɪə(r)] (宝 15744/22999)
Vocabulary: ire
(once / 2189 pages)
n
Ire is another word for "anger." So if you routinely steal your neighbor's newspaper, don't be surprised to be on the receiving end of his ire.
Ire comes almost directly from the Latin word for anger, ira. While it means pretty much the same thing, ire usually stems from a specific grievance, rather than just general irritation with the world. And if you provoke someone's ire, you're probably going to feel their wrath. Shakespeare used both ire and anger in one famous sentence from his play "Pericles": "Yet cease your ire, you angry stars of heaven!"
WORD FAMILY
ire: ireful, ires+/ ireful: irefully
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gas tax effort failed, earning the ire of the state chamber.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But Mr. Netanyahu is also a focus of international ire because of the cumulative effect of decades of settlement growth.
New York Times(Mar 12, 2015)
The decision by Capt. Rahmani to seek asylum is emblematic of the limitations of those efforts, which drew the ire of extremists, including Taliban insurgents.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 愤怒
分布：愤怒(100%)
→来自拉丁语ira,强烈的感情，愤怒，狂怒，来自eis,激情，热情，强烈的感情，词源同estrus,estrogen,hieratic,hierarchy.
【记】I我re热：气得我浑身发热。
【反】mollify（v 平息；抚慰）
US [aɪr] formal
noun uncountable
■anger 愤怒，怒火
• Petty restrictions easily raised/aroused the ire of such a creative artist. 种种琐碎的约束很容易激怒这样一位如此富有创造力的艺术家。
n. 忿怒
 - anger
vt. 使发怒
 - anger, acerbate

Word: weakened
Front: weakened
[ˈwi:kənd] (15751/19089)
Back: adj. 虚弱的
v. （使）削弱， （使）变弱( weaken的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：变弱(93%)，弄淡(7%)
V-ERG
削弱;减弱
If you weaken something or if it weakens, it becomes less strong or less powerful.
例：The recession has weakened so many firms that many can no longer survive...经济衰退使许多公司实力大损，不少难以为继。
例：The Prime Minister's opponents believe that her authority has been fatally weakened...首相的反对者认为她的权威已经受到致命削弱。
V-ERG
(使)(决心)动摇
If your resolve weakens or if something weakens it, you become less determined or less certain about taking a particular course of action that you had previously decided to take.
例：I looked at the list and felt my resolve weakening...我看着名单，觉得自己的决心正在动摇。
例：Jennie weakened, and finally relented...詹妮的态度有所缓和，最终软了下来。
VERB
使虚弱;使无力
If something weakens you, it causes you to lose some of your physical strength.
例：Malnutrition obviously weakens the patient.营养不良明显导致病人身体虚弱。
VERB
使松动;使损坏
If something weakens an object, it does something to it which causes it to become less firm and more likely to break.
例：A bomb blast had weakened an area of brick on the back wall...一颗炸弹爆炸使后墙的一片砖发生了松动。
例：Never dry underwear over direct heat; it will weaken the fabric.不要直接加热烘干内衣，那样会损坏布料。

Word: genesis
Vocabulary: genesis
(once / 6581 pages)
n
When you talk about the genesis of something, you're talking about where it began. The genesis of hip-hop music was the party scene in New York City’s South Bronx in the 1970s.
The Jewish Torah and the Christian Scriptures begin with the book of Genesis, which describes God separating light from darkness and creating the universe. Genesis is the very start of something, its birth. But you probably wouldn't refer to your own birth as a genesis. When you describe something as a genesis, you're usually referring to the beginning of a movement or an idea.
WORD FAMILY
genesis: geneses
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a 1975 interview with The Miami Herald, Mr. Adams recalled the genesis of his first book, as a story he concocted for his daughters.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
There is a recurrent genesis to these various artivist projects: the felt need to do something.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
And that was the genesis of the play the Broncos dubbed “Leaper,” and the start of Simmons’ new hurdling career.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)

Word: dogwood
Front: dogwood
[ˈdɒgwʊd] (15699/40517)
Back: n. <植>水木
分布：名词(100%)
→dog词义不明，可能来自dagger, 匕首，短剑，因这种木材是良好的制矛材料，或来自dog，狗，差劲，用来形容这种灌木的浆果，比较gooseberry, bullfrog.
US ['dɑ:g-] noun countable or uncountable
■a bush that has flowers, growing either wild or in gardens 梾木
n. 山茱萸
 - cornus, common macrocarpium fruit
adj. 山茱萸科植物的；淡黄褐色的
 - fawn-coloured

Word: amorphous
Front: amorphous
[əˈmɔ:fəs] (宝 15741/16003)
Vocabulary: amorphous
(once / 9002 pages)
adj
In a scientific sense amorphous means lacking a crystalline structure, something without solid form. In a broader sense, the word describes anything that lacks a distinct shape or organizing theme, be it a work of art, a political movement, or even someone's direction in life.
The Latin roots of this word are clear — morph means form and a means lacking. Lacking form. When used to describe creative works or ideas, it usually refers to a lack of organization and would rarely be considered a compliment. If your writing is amorphous, it's probably not fully formed. An amorphous crowd of people seem to be random and unconnected, until they all start dancing the Macarena in unison.
WORD FAMILY
amorphous: amorphously
USAGE EXAMPLES
But its definition is amorphous, as is attractiveness.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Protecting immigrants is shaping up to be a priority of the religious left, an amorphous collection of people and groups reflecting many faiths and ethnicities.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It was a way of turning it from amorphous to manmade, geometric.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 无组织的; 模糊的; 无固定形状的; 非结晶的
分布：无定形的(62%)，非结晶的(34%)，杂乱的(4%)
→前缀a-, 没有。词根morph, 形状，同form.
不定性的(a无+morph+ous→无形状的→不定形的)[morph=form,shape,表示"形状"]
【记】a没有，morph读：魔方－形状，ous形容词后缀－不定形的
【参】metamorphose（v 变形，变质）；morphology（n 形态学）
US [-'mɔ:r-/ UK [eɪ-] adjective
■having no fixed form or shape 无固定形状的；不定形的
• an amorphous mass of jelly 一团稀软的果冻
adj. [植] 无定形的；无组织的； [物] [地质] 非晶形的
 - formless, unorganized

Word: five-minute

Word: undisputed
Front: undisputed
[ˌʌndɪˈspju:tɪd] (15748/14969 -1)
Back: adj. 无可置疑的; 毫无疑问的; 无可争辩的; 无异议的
分布：无异议的(60%)，确实的(20%)，无可置辩的(20%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■If something is undisputed, everyone agrees about it 无争议的；不容置疑的
• an undisputed fact 不容置疑的事实
• the undisputed champion/winner 无可争议的冠军／赢家
adj. 无可争辩的；无异议的；毫无疑问的
 - unarguable, incontestable

Word: troublemaker
Front: troublemaker
[ˈtrʌblmeɪkə(r)] (15749/19362)
Back: n. 惹是生非者，捣乱者
分布：捣蛋鬼(53%)，闹事者(39%)，惹是生非者(8%)
US [-kɚ] noun countable
■someone who intentionally causes problems for other people, especially people who are in a position of power or authority 惹是生非者，捣乱者，闹事者
• I was worried that I would be regarded as a troublemaker if I complained about the safety standards. 我担心如果我对安全规范提意见的话，会被视为惹是生非者。
n. 捣乱者，闹事者；惹麻烦的人
 - marplot

Word: quickness
Front: quickness
[ˈkwɪknəs] (15700/33316)
Back: n. 急速，迅速地，尖锐化
分布：迅速(60%)，急速(25%)，敏锐(15%)
→来自quick,有生命力的，敏捷的，-ness,名词后缀。
ADJ-GRADED
快的;迅速的;急速的
Someone or something that is quick moves or does things with great speed.
例：You'll have to be quick. The flight leaves in about three hours...你得快点了，飞机大约3小时后起飞。
例：I think I'm a reasonably quick learner...我认为我是一个学东西还算快的人。
ADV-GRADED
(quicker 有时表示“以更快的速度”，quickest表示“以最快的速度”，quick有时表示“以很快的速度”，但有些人认为这种用法并不规范)
Quicker is sometimes used to mean 'at a greater speed', and quickest to mean 'at the greatest speed'. Quick is sometimes used to mean 'with great speed'. Some people consider this to be non-standard.
例：Warm the sugar slightly first to make it dissolve quicker...先将糖稍稍加热，以使其溶解得更快些。
例：Prost went quickest.普罗斯特走得最快。
ADJ-GRADED
短暂的;持续时间很短的
Something that is quick takes or lasts only a short time.
例：He took one last quick look about the room...他朝房间匆匆扫了最后一眼。
例：I just popped in for a quick drink...我只是顺路过来小酌一杯。
ADJ-GRADED
立刻发生的;很快发生的
Quick means happening without delay or with very little delay.
例：Officials played down any hope for a quick end to the bloodshed...官员们让迅速结束这场流血冲突的希望变得渺茫起来。
例：These investors feel the need to make quick profits.这些投资者觉得收益必须立竿见影。
ADV-GRADED
迅速发生地;很快发生地
Quick is sometimes used to mean 'with very little delay'.
例：I got away as quick as I could...我尽快离开了。
例：Quick! John! It's Carmela. I think she's taken an overdose...快来！约翰！卡梅拉出事了，我想她用药过量了。
ADJ-GRADED
立刻的;马上的
If you are quick to do something, you do not hesitate to do it.
例：Mark says the ideas are Katie's own, and is quick to praise her talent...马克说这些都是凯蒂自己的想法，并随即称赞起她的天赋来。
例：Furthermore, as Gervaise was quick to point out, Mr Scully was not a detective.而且，正如热尔韦斯毫不犹豫地指出来的那样，斯库利先生并不是一名侦探。
ADJ-GRADED
性情急躁的;容易发怒的
If someone has a quick temper, they are easily made angry.
PHRASE
咬到了指甲肉；咬秃指甲
If someone bites their nails to the quick, they bite off all the white part at the end of each nail.
例：Her fingernails are bitten to the quick.她的手指甲都被咬秃了。
PHRASE
触及（…）痛处;极大伤害；令…伤透了心
If something cuts you to the quick, it makes you feel very upset.
例：I once heard her weeping in her bedroom, which cut me to the quick.有一次，我听见她在卧室里哭泣，这深深地刺痛了我的心。
n. 急速，迅速；尖锐化
 - velocity, speed

Word: canine
Front: canine
[ˈkeɪnaɪn] (宝 15736/16247)
Vocabulary: canine
(once / 3147 pages)
1nadj 2nadj
Canine is how zoologists refer to all mammals with snouts and non-retractable claws. Sound familiar? That's right, Fido is a canine. (All dogs are.) Coyotes and wolves are canines, too.
The sharp pointy teeth in your mouth are also called canines. Like wolves, we use these sharp incisors to tear meat from the bone, though these days we tend to get some help in that department from knives and forks. Fun fact: The police call their drug-sniffing dogs the K-9 unit. Get it?
WORD FAMILY
canine: caninely, canines
USAGE EXAMPLES
The charming canine stories and photographs guided me through those dark years, to a happier job and happier days.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This year, our photographers captured subjects of all kinds: famous and little-known, athletic and political, human and canine.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But the sentiment of this California canine nonetheless resonates, in the state in which Trump’s popular vote defeat was the greatest.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 犬的; 狗的; 似犬的; 犬科的
n. 犬齿; 犬牙; 犬科动物
分布：犬(75%)，犬齿(8%)，犬的(7%)，似犬的(4%)，犬科的(3%)，犬科动物(3%)
→来自PIE *kwon, 狗，拟声词，词源同canary, cynic.
狗的(can狗+ine)[-ine 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或女人"3.表名词"状态,药物等"]
狗的[can=dog(狗)]
【记】can能，nine九一犬可以咬九人，有九条命。
adjective
■of or relating to dogs 犬的，狗的
• The city's canine population (= The number of dogs in the city) has grown dramatically over recent years. 近年来该市狗的数量急剧增加。
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
TOOTH (also canine tooth)
■one of four pointed teeth in the human mouth （人的）犬齿 Compare incisor ; molar
['keɪ.naɪn] noun countable
DOG 犬 specialized
■a dog 犬
n. 犬； [解剖] 犬齿
 - dogtooth, cuspid

Word: jigsaw
Front: jigsaw
[ˈdʒɪgsɔ:] (宝 15739/11215 -1)
Vocabulary: jigsaw
(once / 21608 pages)
n
A jigsaw is a sharp power tool that's used for cutting curvy lines in wood or other materials. While most saws can only cut in a straight line, a jigsaw makes it easier to cut complicated patterns and shapes.
If you were making a jigsaw puzzle out of wood, you'd use a jigsaw. In fact, this is where the "jigsaw puzzle," (which is also simply called a jigsaw), got its name. The original meaning comes from the word jig and its sense of "up and down motion," which describes the way a jigsaw moves as it cuts.
WORD FAMILY
jigsaw: jigsaws
USAGE EXAMPLES
This photograph was the final piece in the jigsaw, then it was back to business as usual.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Even Rogue One: A Star Wars Story is more about snapping like a jigsaw piece into a preexisting mythos than being its own thing.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Jigsaw in “Saw” was killing people because they were wasting the opportunities in their lives.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 竖锯，钢丝锯; 拼板玩具; 锯曲线机
v. 用锯曲线机锯; 使互相交错
分布：拼图游戏(54%)，竖锯(26%)，用竖锯锯(8%)，使互相交错搭接(8%)，缕花锯(4%)
→jig,摇摆，快速移动，saw,锯子。比喻用法，用于指儿童拼图玩具。
US [-sɑ:] noun
PICTURE GAME 图片游戏
countable (also jigsaw puzzle)
■a picture stuck onto wood or cardboard and cut into pieces of different shapes which must be joined together correctly to form the picture again 拼图游戏
• We spent all evening doing a 1000-piece jigsaw. 我们花了一整个晚上拼了一幅1000块的拼图。
UK ['dʒɪg.sɔ:] US [-sɑ:] noun
MYSTERY 神秘
only singular (also jigsaw puzzle)
■a complicated or mysterious problem which can only be solved or explained by connecting several pieces of information 复杂难懂的事物，难解之谜
• The police are trying to piece together the jigsaw of how the dead man spent his last hours. 警方试图弄清楚死者生前最后几小时在做什么。
UK ['dʒɪg.sɔ:] US [-sɑ:] noun
TOOL 工具
countable
■a tool with an electric motor and a thin steel blade which is used for cutting curves in flat materials, such as wood or metal 线锯；镂花锯；钢丝锯
n. 拼图玩具；线锯；镂花锯
 - fret-saw

Word: well-trained
Front: well-trained
[ˌwel'treɪnd] None
Back: adj. 训练有素的，受过良好训练的
分布：训练有素的(100%)
adj. 训练有素的；良好训练
 - bridle-wise

Word: horrified
Front: horrified
['hɒrɪfaɪd] (15698/7683)
Back: adj. 惊悸的，带有恐怖感的，惊骇的
v. 使震惊，使感到恐怖( horrify的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：动词horrify的过去式和过去分词形式.(100%)
US ['hɔ:r-] adjective
■very shocked 非常震惊的
• He looked horrified when I told him. 当我告诉他时，他看起来非常震惊。
• We were horrified at/by the size of the bill. 帐单的金额让我们非常震惊。
• I was horrified to hear of his death. 听到他的死讯，我非常震惊。
• I was horrified that they hadn't included you. 我很吃惊他们没有把你算进去。
adj. 惊骇的；带有恐怖感的
 - appalled, aghast

Word: die-hard
Front: die-hard
[hɑrd] None
Back: adj. 顽固的，死硬的
分布：顽固的(60%)，死硬的(40%)
adj. 死硬的，顽固的
 - resistant, stubborn

Word: clearing
Front: clearing
[ˈklɪərɪŋ] (六 8009/6924 -2)
Vocabulary: clearing
(once / 403 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A clearing is an area that's open, with no trees, especially one in the middle of the woods or that's been cleared for planting. A clearing at the edge of the forest is a nice place to build a cabin.
The noun clearing is a good way to describe an open place in the midst of dense growth, like a field or a glade in a forest. Some clearings are created deliberately for cultivating crops or building houses, while others come naturally from fires or droughts. This word first appeared in American English around 1818.
WORD FAMILY
clearing: clearings+/ clear: clearance, cleared, clearer, clearest, clearing, clearly, clearness, clears, unclear/clearance: clearances/cleared: uncleared/clearness: clearnesses/unclear: unclearly, unclearness
USAGE EXAMPLES
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims — arranged in a star formation — in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims - arranged in a star formation - in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Food and Drug Administration clearing just 22 new medicines for sale, the lowest number since 2010 and sharply down on 2015's tally of 45.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 小块空地，林中空地; 结算; 清扫; <军>前方医院，医疗后送站
v. 变明朗( clear的现在分词); 澄清; （通过票据交换所）交换票据
分布：结算(47%)，清除(42%)，票据交换(10%)，动词clear的现在分词.(1%)
→来自clear,清晰的。
US ['klɪr.ɪŋ] noun countable
■an area in a wood or forest from which trees and bushes have been removed 林中空地
n. 结算；空地；清扫
 - settlement, balancing

Word: co-director
Front: co-director
None None
Back: n. 主任
分布：公司主管(100%)
n. 主任
 - director

Word: private-sector
Front: private-sector
None None
Back: 私营部门；私营成分
分布：私营部门(100%)

Word: repulsive
Front: repulsive
[rɪˈpʌlsɪv] (托 15753/19199)
Vocabulary: repulsive
(once / 1370 pages)
1adj 2adj
If something's repulsive, it's so disgusting you don't want to go near it. You may find rotting meat repulsive, but maggots find it delicious. To each its own!
In the early 17th Century, the word repulsive simply meant something that repelled or "pushed away." For example, the like poles of two magnets are repulsive to each other, pushing each other away. Today, repulsive usually means disturbing and sickening. As manners guru Amy Vanderbilt said, "Do not speak of repulsive matters at the table."
WORD FAMILY
repulsive: repulsively, repulsiveness+/ repel: repellant, repelled, repellent, repelling, repels, repulsive /repellant: repellantly, repellants/ repellent: repellently, repellents/repelling: repellingly/repulsiveness: repulsivenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
I found these proposals repulsive, and declined them both.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
The revived bank, which Mnuchin called OneWest Bank, was accused by a judge of engaging in “harsh, repugnant, shocking and repulsive” practices.
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
His top priorities are helping veterans and people who are homeless, he said, and both of the major-party candidates had “repulsive” qualities.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人厌恶的，可憎的; 丑恶
分布：令人厌恶的(60%)，排斥的(40%)
排斥的,击退的(repulse+ive)[pel,puls=drive,push,表示"驱动,推"]
令人厌恶的(re反+puls推...反推出去)[-ive 1.表形容词2.表名词后缀,"人或物"]
adjective
■extremely unpleasant or unacceptable 令人厌恶的；使人反感的；可憎的
• What a repulsive old man! 这老头子真是令人厌恶！
• I think rats and snakes are repulsive. 我觉得老鼠和蛇很讨厌。
adj. 排斥的；令人厌恶的；击退的；冷淡的
 - cold, ugly

Word: default
Front: default
[dɪˈfɔ:lt] (六托雅宝 7415/5836 -2)
Vocabulary: default
(once / 836 pages)
1n 2nv
As a setting, a default is automatic. You weren't sure why your new TV kept returning to the factory defaults until you realized you were sitting on the remote.
Default can also refer to a lack of other options. You shop at Green's by default; it's the only grocery store in town. Default is also a failure to pay a financial obligation. The number of loan defaults was down this month. As a verb, it means "to fail to pay." Your credit score will go down if you default on a loan.
WORD FAMILY
default: defaulted, defaulter, defaulting, defaults+/defaulter: defaulters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whiteness is default, it’s ubiquitous and it’s insidious.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Absorption in a state of distraction, the default mode in the digital era, is both method and message.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
As with Amazon, Google offers a way to delete history data, but otherwise keeps everything by default.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 未履行任务或责任; 受传唤时未出庭; 由于不到庭而败诉; 弃权
vt. 未履行，拖欠; 未参加或完成（例如，比赛）; [法]因未到庭而败（诉）
n. 未履行，拖欠; [法]未到庭; 弃权; [计] 缺省，默认
时态：defaulted, defaulting, defaults
分布：默认(83%)，拖欠(12%)，缺席(3%)，不履行义务(1%)，不履行责任(1%)
→de-, 向下，强调。fault, 过错，欺骗。1858年用于商务术语，指欺骗，违约。1966年用于计算机名词，无可选项，默认选项。
拖久(债);违约(de犯+fault→犯错误→拖久[债])[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
【记】de向下，fault（n 错误）－错误下去－拖债
【反】pay one’s debts（偿还债务）；fulfill an obligation（履行义务）
US [-'fɑ:lt] verb intransitive
■to fail to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do 拖欠，不履行债务；违约
• People who default on their mortgage repayments may have their home repossessed. 未能按期偿还抵押贷款者，其房屋可能会被没收。
UK [dɪ'fɒlt] US [-'fɑ:lt] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  default to sth
■If a computer defaults to a way of operating, it automatically uses it, unless you intentionally change it. （电脑）默认…，缺省为…，预设为…
UK [dɪ'fɒlt] US [-'fɑ:lt] noun
RESULT 结果
uncountable
■what exists or happens if you do not change it intentionally by performing an action 默认结果，既定结果；预设值；缺省值
• Unless something else happens, the default is to meet at the hotel at 7.00 p.m. 如果没有别的事情，按约定下午七点在饭店见面。
• The computer will take '0' as the default value , unless you type in something different. 如果不输入其他数值，电脑就把0当作预设值。
• formal In default of (= Because there is not) any better alternative, we will have to proceed with the original plan. 由于没有更好的方案，我们只好按原定计划行事。
UK [dɪ'fɒlt] US [-'fɑ:lt] noun
FAIL 未能
countable or uncountable
■when you fail to do something, such as pay a debt that you legally have to 拖欠，不履行债务；违约
• Defaults on loan repayments have reached 52,000 a month. 拖欠贷款的现象每月已达52 000宗。
• Any default on your mortgage repayments may mean you will lose your house. 不按时偿还抵押贷款就意味着你将失去房子。
• Since they refuse to reply, I think we've won the argument by default (= because of their failure to act). 由于他们拒绝回答，我认为我们在这场辩论中自动胜出。
• The default rate (= the number of people failing to do something) is estimated at 1 in 10 of tax payers. 据估计，拖欠税款者在纳税人中约占十分之一。
vi. [会计] 拖欠；不履行；不到场
 - fall behind, lag behind
n. 违约；缺席；缺乏；系统默认值
 - shortage, deficiency, need, drought, short of
vt. 不履行；不参加（比赛等）；对…处以缺席裁判
 - walk out on sth., unsatisfy

Word: invoice
Front: invoice
[ˈɪnvɔɪs] (六雅宝 15708/7318 -1)
Vocabulary: invoice
(once / 6937 pages)
nv
An invoice is an itemized statement of the money that's owed for goods or services. If you buy books online, they will usually arrive with an invoice telling what books you bought and how much they cost.
Invoice comes from the French verb envoyer, which means to send, and "send" is a verb often used with the noun invoice, like when the online bookstore sends you an invoice. The same sense occurs when you use invoice as a verb. If you tell someone to invoice you for work you've done, you're asking them to send you a bill.
WORD FAMILY
invoice: invoiced, invoices, invoicing
USAGE EXAMPLES
A trial judge sided with the ACLU, ordering the county to produce invoices for all of the suits, and the county appealed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Amazon and Wal-Mart require a gift’s order number for a return; Overstock requires an invoice number or shipment tracking number.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
To conceal the scheme, Torneos and co-conspirators used sham contracts and invoices, “corrupt intermediaries and bankers,” shell companies and cash, according to filings.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 发票; 发货单
v. 开发票; 记清单
时态：invoiced, invoicing, invoices
分布：发票(85%)，货物(6%)，发货单(6%)，开票(2%)，寄发票(1%)
→来自中古法语envois,派遣，送出，-s,复数后缀，来自envoyer,送出，en-,进入，使，-voy,路，词源同way,envoy.引申词义发送的货物，后用来指货物清单，发票等。拼写受voice影响俗化。
【记】in，voice（n 声音；意见）：门里有声音，好像有人在开假发票。
noun countable
■a list of things provided or work done together with their cost, for payment at a later time 发票；费用清单
• Invoices must be submitted by the 24th of every month. 发票必须在每月的24日之前交上来。
['ɪn.vɔɪs] verb transitive
■to supply an invoice 给…开发票
• We'll invoice you for parts and labour. 零件和人工费用我们将给你开发票。
n. [会计] 发票；货物；发货单
 - cargo, commodity

Word: inflationary
Front: inflationary
[ɪnˈfleɪʃənri] (15697/10692 -1)
Back: adj. 通货膨胀的; 通货膨胀倾向的; 通货膨胀引起的
分布：通货膨胀的(100%)
US [-er.i] adjective
■causing price increases and inflation （引起）通货膨胀的
• inflationary policies/pressures/trends 通货膨胀政策／压力／趋势

Word: preponderance
Front: preponderance
[prɪˈpɒndərəns] (托 15714/15715)
Vocabulary: preponderance
(once / 3555 pages)
n
If there's a preponderance of something, there is A LOT of it. If you are a prosecutor, you are looking for a preponderance of evidence to convince the jury that the defendant is guilty.
The noun preponderance can also mean superiority in weight or significance. This meaning is particularly reflective of the word's Latin roots in the word praeponderare, which means "outweigh." The noun can also mean superiority in influence or importance. A country's economic preponderance, for example, might give it greater influence in international relations.
WORD FAMILY
preponderance: preponderances+/preponderant: preponderance, preponderantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
There does not yet appear to be a Democratic strategy to derail either nomination because of the preponderance of military figures.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
“The preponderance of the evidence gathered to date indicates potential criminal culpability.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The standard for seizures is the “preponderance of evidence” standard used in civil cases, lower than the standard used in drug cases.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 数量上的优势
分布：优势(65%)，多数(35%)
【记】pre前，ponder重量，ance－重量超过别人的优势
US [-'pɑ:n.dɚ-] formal
noun only singular
■the largest part or greatest amount 优势；多数
• The preponderance of evidence suggests that he's guilty. 大量的证据显示他有罪。
n. 优势；多数；占优势
 - majority, superiority, advantage, edge, dominance

Word: pantheon
Front: pantheon
[ˈpænθiən] (宝 15727/21536 -1)
Vocabulary: pantheon
(once / 2864 pages)
1n 2n
In the pantheon of great movie stars, Marilyn Monroe might well be considered the brightest of them all. The actual Pantheon was a temple built by the Romans — but we use it to mean any group of exalted figures.
To place someone in a pantheon is to decide that they belong to a "club" whose members are all only the greatest people to have done the same thing. It's like a little temple of little gods. Tiger Woods, for example, definitely belongs in the pantheon of great golfers –– alongside Palmer, Nicklaus and Singh. If you want to see the real Pantheon, that is the building itself with the world's oldest concrete dome, then you'll have to go to Rome.
WORD FAMILY
pantheon: pantheons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poets in Paterson’s, and the movie’s, pantheon are ensconced in artistic scenes; Paterson is on his own.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
But where does Trump’s portraits rank among the pantheon of 20th and 21st century American presidents?
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Harambe will eventually join the pantheon of outdated Internet memes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 万神庙; （一国或一民族信奉的）众神; 名流; 伟人
分布：万神殿(54%)，众神(30%)，名流(13%)，伟人(3%)
→pan-,全部，所有，-the,神，词源同theism,atheist.即众神所在之地，众神之庙，引申词义先贤祠。
开神殿(pan泛,全部+theon→全部神在一起→万神殿)[the(a)=god表示"神"]
US [-ɑ:n] formal
noun countable usually singular
■a small group of people who are the most famous, important and admired in their particular area of activity （某一领域的）名流，名人，重要人物
• Don't you agree that Malcolm X definitely has a place in the pantheon of black civil rights heroes? 麦尔坎X在黑人民权运动史上绝对占有一席之地，你难道不同意吗？

Word: nine-year-old

Word: saber
Front: saber
[ˈseɪbə] (托 15747/-)
Vocabulary: saber
(once / 4788 pages)
nv
A saber is an old fashioned sword with a curved blade. Saberswere used in many historic battles, including the Napoleonic Wars in the early 19th century.
The saber is usually described as a "cavalry sword," or a weapon carried by a soldier on horseback. As guns became more common during wartime, cavalry troops armed with sabers became less and less typical. The word saber comes from the French sabre, "heavy, curved sword," Säbel in German and szablya in Hungarian, from the root szabni, "to cut."
WORD FAMILY
saber: sabered, sabering, sabers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Line up the base of the saber with the non-dominant hip.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Or a light saber, as the case may be.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 03, 2016)
“They did a good job, especially Golden Division. They had a good plan to rescue people,” said Saber Jergis, 35.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 30, 2016)
Back: n. 军刀; 马刀; （击剑时用的）尖细的轻剑; 武力威胁
vt. 用军刀斩
时态：sabered, sabering, sabers
分布：军刀(49%)，佩剑(39%)，用马刀砍(12%)
→来自法语 sabre,弯剑，弯刀，异化自 sable,来自匈牙利语 szablya,弯刀，来自 szab,砍，劈。
【记】sa三，b读：臂，er人：有三个胳膊的人适合用saber。
n. 军刀；佩剑；骑兵
 - horse, ataghan

Word: deceit
Front: deceit
[dɪˈsi:t] (研四六托宝 15761/14500 -1)
Vocabulary: deceit
(once / 674 pages)
n
Deceit is purposeful falsehood. If you want to keep your true love true to you, avoid any acts of deceit.
Deceit comes from the Latin for "cheat." When you deceive someone, you give them a false impression, mislead them so as to get away with something bad. If a person speaks in a way that gives a false impression, we call the way he speaks "deceptive." If someone pretends to be someone else, that’s an act of deceit, like when a thief pretends to be a valet parking attendant and takes off with your car.
WORD FAMILY
deceit: deceitful, deceits, self-deceit+/ deceitful: deceitfulest, deceitfully, deceitfulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Christmastime newlywed discovers her husband’s deceit in “The Mistletoe Bride” and extracts her revenge.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
To read “Prophets of Deceit” is to see clear anticipations of Trump’s bigoted harangues.
The New Yorker(Dec 05, 2016)
“Wells Fargo’s customers never intended to sign away their right to fight back against fraud and deceit.”
Time(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 欺骗，欺诈; 诡计; 谎言
分布：欺骗(83%)，诡计(13%)，不诚实(4%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-ceit, 拿，握，词源同capture, conceit,conceive. 引申义拿走，欺骗。
n.欺骗,欺骗行为I perceived that the veil clung on the ceiling of the clinic was deceit.我觉察到粘附在诊所天花板上的幔子是个骗局.
【记】de下面，ceit抓住－在牌桌下面抓住一张牌－出老千－欺骗
【参】conceit（n 自负；狂妄）；conceive（vt 构思）；deceitful（adj 不诚实的）＝dishonest
noun countable or uncountable
■(an act of) keeping the truth hidden, especially to get an advantage 欺骗；欺诈
• The story is about theft, fraud and deceit on an incredible scale. 小说描述了令人难以置信的盗窃、行骗和欺诈行为。
• When the newspapers published the full story, all his earlier deceits were revealed. 报纸登出事情的种种经过后，他以前的所有欺骗行为也就暴露无遗了。
deception, fraud, deceit
这组词都有“欺骗”的意思，其区别是：
deception: 语气较弱，一般用词，侧重于具体的骗人行为。但有时并无欺骗行为，只是玩弄把戏，故弄玄虚而已。
fraud: 一般用于犯罪行为的欺骗，通常指政治或经济活动中的舞弊行为。
deceit: 指歪曲实情，惯于说谎或蓄意欺骗。
n. 欺骗；谎言；欺诈手段
 - fraud, lie, fiction

Word: Balkan
Front: Balkan
['bɒlkən] (15692/20422)
Back: adj. 巴尔干半岛的
分布：巴尔干半岛(40%)，巴尔干半岛的(40%)，巴尔干人的(20%)
noun countable adjective
■Balkan 巴尔干的

Word: issuing
Front: issuing
[ˈisju:ɪŋ] (15766/11447)
Back: v. 出版( issue的现在分词 ); 发表; 宣布; 分配; 发行者( issuer的现在分词 )
分布：问题(69%)，发行(19%)，发表(4%)，议题(3%)，流出(3%)，公布(1%)，正式发给(1%)
N-COUNT
重要问题;议题;争论的问题
An issue is an important subject that people are arguing about or discussing.
例：Agents will raise the issue of prize-money for next year's world championships...经纪人将提出下年度世锦赛奖金的问题。
例：A key issue for higher education in the 1990's is the need for greater diversity of courses...20 世纪 90 年代,高等教育的一个重要议题是要使课程更加多样化。
N-SING
首要事项;要点;问题的要害
If something is the issue, it is the thing you consider to be the most important part of a situation or discussion.
例：I was earning a lot of money, but that was not the issue...我赚很多钱,但那不是最重要的。
例：She avoided the issue by ordering a turkey sandwich...她点了份火鸡三明治,以此来避开这个重要问题。
N-COUNT
(报刊的)期,号,版次
An issue of something such as a magazine or newspaper is the version of it that is published, for example, in a particular month or on a particular day.
例：The growing problem is underlined in the latest issue of the Lancet...最近一期的《柳叶刀》杂志中强调了这一日益严重的问题。
例：I read Germaine Greer's article in the March issue with particular interest.我饶有兴致地阅读了杰曼·格里尔在三月那期发表的文章。
VERB
发表;发布
If you issue a statement or a warning, you make it known formally or publicly.
例：Last night he issued a statement denying the allegations...昨晚他发表声明否认那些指控。
例：The government issued a warning that the strikers should end their action or face dismissal...政府发布了警告,要求罢工者停止行动,否则将被解雇。
VERB
向…颁发;(正式)发给
If you are issued with something, it is officially given to you.
例：On your appointment you will be issued with a written statement of particulars of employment...正式任命时,你会拿到一份关于雇用细则的书面声明。
例：Staff will be issued with new grey-and-yellow designer uniforms.将会向雇员发放灰黄相间的名牌新制服。
VERB
(液体、声音、气味)流出，发出，冒出
When something such as a liquid, sound, or smell issues from something, it comes out of that thing.
例：A tinny voice issued from a speaker.扬声器里传出了细微的声音。
PHRASE
争论中的;讨论中的
The question or point at issue is the question or point that is being argued about or discussed.
例：The problems of immigration were not the question at issue...移民问题不在讨论之列。
例：One of the main points at issue is that the Community wants the representatives to be based in East Jerusalem.争论的要点之一是,共同体希望代表们的总部设在东耶路撒冷。
PHRASE
使…引起关注;在…上挑起争论
If you make an issue of something, you try to make other people think about it or discuss it, because you are concerned or annoyed about it.
例：It seemed the Colonel had no desire to make an issue of the affair.看上去上校不想在那件事上挑起争端。
PHRASE
不同意;对…持异议
If you take issue with someone or something they said, you disagree with them, and start arguing about it.
例：Sister Morrison might take issue with me on that matter...莫里森修女在那件事上或许会和我持不同意见。
例：I will not take issue with the fact that we have a recession.我不否认经济衰退的事实。
PHRASE
在…方面有困难
If someone has issues with a particular aspect of their life, they have problems connected with it.
例：I think once you do have issues with food you're going to have them for the rest of your life.我认为一旦你吃东西有问题的话,你可能终生都会如此。
n. 发行物；争论点；期刊号
 - mise
v. 发行（issue的ing形式）；分配；流出
 - publishing, distributing

Word: repatriation
Front: repatriation
[ˌri:ˌpætrɪ'eɪʃn] (15810/10855)
Vocabulary: repatriation
(once / 15173 pages)
n
Repatriation is the act of returning to your own country. If you’ve been living in another country since you were two, and you are now thirty-five, repatriation may be more complicated.
In Latin, the prefix re- signifies a return of some kind, and patria is another way of saying a person's native land. Repatriation generally refers to a person who has either forcibly or voluntarily left his own country and is now returning. It can also refer to the return of important objects, like historical artifacts, to their country of origin. If you're a patriotic person, then repatriation is important to you, especially for significant people or objects!
WORD FAMILY
repatriation: repatriations+/ repatriate: repatriated, repatriates, repatriating, repatriation
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is where the repatriation plan passed by Bush — which reduced the top corporate tax rate to 5 percent instead of 10 percent — becomes relevant.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
This repatriation effort is getting started just as Donald J. Trump’s election as president threatens to complicate the message of the kleptocracy initiative.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Now with his political rivals poised to retain control of Congress and occupy the White House, Delaney’s repatriation tax proposal may find new life.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 遣送回国，归国
分布：遣送回国(72%)，归国(28%)
VERB
遣返;遣送回国
If a country repatriates someone, it sends them back to their home country.
例：It was not the policy of the government to repatriate genuine refugees...遣返真正的难民回国并非政府的政策。
例：About 300 French hostages are to be repatriated.大约300名法国人质即将被遣送回国。
VERB
把(海外利润）调回国内
If a company repatriates profits that it has made in another country, it brings them back into its home country.
例：Foreign investors are to be allowed to repatriate profits over one billion rupees.外国投资者将被允许将利润额超过10亿卢比的部分调回国内。

Word: creaking
Front: creaking
[kri:kɪŋ] (15850/15348)
Back: v. （门）嘎吱作响( creak的现在分词 )
分布：嘎吱声(55%)，辗轧声(15%)，嘎吱嘎吱地作响(15%)，发出辗轧声(15%)
VERB
嘎吱作响
If something creaks, it makes a short, high-pitched sound when it moves.
例：The bed-springs creaked...床垫的弹簧嘎吱作响。
例：The steps creaked beneath his feet...楼梯在他脚下嘎吱作响。

Word: ebb
Front: ebb
[eb] (研托宝 14957/13680)
Vocabulary: ebb
(once / 847 pages)
1nv 2v
When something ebbs, it is declining, falling, or flowing away. The best time to look for sea creatures in tidal pools is when the tide is on the ebb — meaning it has receded from the shore.
Ebb is often used in the phrase, "ebb and flow," referring to the cyclical changing of the tides from low to high and back to low again. This sense of cyclical change can also be applied to other things. If you want to make money investing, you have to weather the ebb and flow of the stock market.
WORD FAMILY
ebb: ebbed, ebbing, ebbs+/ebbing: ebbings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Clark’s fury seemed to ebb when she was with her daughter.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Whitlock’s running career ebbed late in college when he sustained an injury to the Achilles’ tendon in his right foot.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Political capital ebbs with each day beyond Jan. 20.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vi. （指潮水）退; 跌落; 减少; 衰落
n. 退潮; 落潮; 衰退; 减少
时态：ebbed, ebbing, ebbs
分布：退潮(35%)，落潮(23%)，衰退(23%)，衰落(19%)
→来自apo-, 离开，词源同apo-, apogee.
vi.衰退,减退n.处于低潮,处于衰退状态The tide was on the ebb.潮水正在退落.
【记】读：爱波。虽然爱的波浪在我们这一代有越演越烈之趋势，但那是时间上的提前，而非强度的增高；尤其是对于考G一族，更是需要降降温，退退潮，专心于本职工作。
verb intransitive
WATER 水
■When the sea or tide ebbs, it moves away from the coast and falls to a lower level. （潮）退，（潮）落
[eb] verb intransitive
FEELING 感觉
■If a physical or emotional feeling ebbs, it becomes less strong or disappears 衰退；逐渐减少；衰竭
• He could feel his strength ebbing (away). 他能感觉到自己逐渐体力不支。
[eb] noun
the ebb
■the tide when it is moving away from the coast 落潮，退潮
• We'll sail on the ebb. 我们将在退潮时启航。
[eb] noun
at a low ebb
■in a bad or weak state 处于低潮；处于衰退状态
• Consumer confidence is currently at a low ebb. 目前人们对消费的信心降到了谷底。
• I was recently divorced and feeling at a very low ebb. 我刚离了婚，情绪非常低落。
[eb] noun
ebb and flow
■the way in which the level of something regularly becomes higher or lower in a situation （有规律的）涨落，起伏
• You have to accept the ebb and flow of love in a relationship. 你得承受恋爱过程中爱情的起起伏伏。
n. 衰退；退潮；衰落
 - recession, decline
vi. 衰退；减少；衰落；潮退
 - fail, flag, decline

Word: epitome
Front: epitome
[ɪˈpɪtəmi] (宝 15775/14423 -1)
Vocabulary: epitome
(once / 2318 pages)
n
If you're talking about a typical example of something, call it the epitome. The cartoon character Garfield is the epitome of the fat, lazy, food-obsessed cat.
Coming to us from Greek through Latin, epitome refers to something that is the ultimate representative of its class. Are you the epitome of the hard-working student or do you believe in study in moderation? Make sure you pronounce epitome with the accent on the second syllable (uh-PIH-tuh-mee).
WORD FAMILY
epitome: epitomes, epitomise, epitomize +/epitomise: epitomised, epitomises, epitomising/ epitomize: epitomized, epitomizes, epitomizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“To me he’s the epitome of what you think of a football player,” Florida State coach Jimbo Fisher said of Peppers.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
A well-known author, activist and politician, he was the epitome of what our leaders should be.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
This is why so many Republicans admire the epitome of such wealth and privilege.
New York Times(Apr 23, 2016)
Back: n. 缩影; 典型的人或事物; （书、演讲等的）摘要
分布：缩影(89%)，化身(11%)
→epi-, 在上，在中。-tome, 砍，切，词源同tome, anatomy. 即切下来作为典范的。
梗概,缩影(epi+tome卷册→(一卷书后的)梗概)[epi-表示"在…上,在...周围,在...后面"]
摘要;典型(epi后面+tom+e→在[书]后面切割出的要点→摘要)[tom=cut表示"切割"]
US [-'pɪtˌ-] noun
the epitome of sth
■the typical or highest example of a stated quality, as shown by a particular person or thing 典型；典范
• Even now in her sixties, she is the epitome of French elegance. 即使现在已经年届花甲，她仍堪称法国人优雅风度的典范。
n. 缩影； [图情] 摘要；象征
 - symbol, abstract, brief, summary, significant

Word: woefully
Front: woefully
['wəʊfəlɪ] (15773/20082)
Back: adv. 忧愁地，可怜地
分布：悲伤地(44%)，不幸地(28%)，使人痛苦地(28%)
US ['woʊ-] adverb
■used to emphasize how bad a situation is 极其（用于强调情况的糟糕）
• The safety precautions taken by large resort hotels are often woefully inadequate for the number of people who stay there. 那些旅游胜地的大型饭店虽然采取了安全措施，但相对于该地游客的人数来说，大多还不够完善。
• The school's text books are woefully out-of-date. 那家学校使用的课本太过时了。
adv. 悲伤地；不幸地；使人痛苦地
 - unfortunately, sorrily

Word: revulsion
Front: revulsion
[rɪˈvʌlʃn] (宝 15759/13955 -1)
Vocabulary: revulsion
(once / 2845 pages)
n
Revulsion means an intense, violent, sometimes physical dislike of something. People feel revulsion to different things. You may feel revulsion at the thought of seeing a horror movie, but other people can't wait to be scared by the latest zombie or slasher flick.
The noun revulsion comes from the Latin word revellere, meaning to pull away or to pull back. So, if you think of pulling back in horror when someone suggests going on a roller coaster after lunch, you'll remember the definition for revulsion is an intense aversion. Synonyms for revulsion include abhorrence, disgust, horror, and repugnance. After getting the stomach flu after eating raspberries, you now feel a revulsion to anything raspberry flavored.
WORD FAMILY
revulsion: revulsions
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is little to elicit either elation or revulsion.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
In Germany and across Europe, revulsion and angst over the strike at a symbol of the region’s Christmas traditions sparked governments to act.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
It hadn’t been really obvious, either, what authority the dissident Republican electors were supposed to claim, beyond a sense of personal revulsion.
The New Yorker(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 剧变; 抽回; 厌恶，强烈的反感; [医] 诱导法
分布：剧变(66%)，剧烈的反应(23%)，非常的厌恶(11%)
→来自拉丁语 revellere,拉掉，拔起，来自 re-,向后，离开，vellere,拉，拔，词源同 vulture,wool.-s, 过去分词格。后用于心理含义指嫌恶，恶心。
(感情)剧变,厌恶[vuls,ult=pluck,tear,表示"收缩,撕开"]
noun uncountable
■a strong, often sudden, feeling that something is extremely unpleasant 强烈的反感；厌恶；憎恶
• I turned away in revulsion when they showed a close-up of the operation. 当他们播放动手术的特写镜头时，我感到恶心马上转过身去。
• She looked at him with revulsion. 她厌恶地看着他。
• He expressed his revulsion at/against/towards the whale hunting. 他表达了对捕鲸行为的憎恶。
⇒ See also revolt
n. 剧变；厌恶；强烈反感；抽回
 - upheaval, aversion

Word: energy-efficient
Front: energy-efficient
['enədʒi:ɪf'ɪʃnt] None
Back: adj. 能效高的；高能效的
分布：节约能源的(100%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■using little electricity, gas, etc 节省能源的；能源效能高的
• energy-efficient homes/energy-efficient lighting 节能家居／节能照明
adj. 节能的，节约能源的；高能效的
 - powerfrugal

Word: slime
Front: slime
[slaɪm] (托 15734/15639)
Back: n. 黏质物; 黏液; 黏泥; 软泥
v. （用稀泥等）涂，糊; 分泌黏液使黏滑; 清除黏液[稀泥等]; 〈英俚〉滑脱，用狡猾手段脱身溜掉 (away through etc.)
时态：slimed, sliming, slimes
分布：黏液(66%)，烂泥(29%)，涂上黏泥(5%)
→来自古英语 slim,污泥，淤泥，来自 Proto-Germanic*slimaz,滑的，黏滑的，来自 slei,滑 的，黏滑的，词源同 lime,slip.
noun uncountable
■a sticky liquid substance which is unpleasant to touch, such as the liquid produced by fish and snails and the greenish brown substance found near water （令人不快的）黏液
• There was a revolting green slime in between the bathroom tiles. 浴室的瓷砖缝里有一摊令人作呕的绿色黏液。
• You could see trails of slime where the slugs had been. 你可以看见蛞蝓爬过后的黏液痕迹。
n. 黏液；烂泥
 - sludge, mucus

Word: streetcar
Front: streetcar
[ˈstri:tkɑ:(r)] (15745/-)
Back: n. 有轨电车
分布：市内有轨电车(75%)，路面电车(25%)
US [-kɑ:r] noun countable US for tram
• The cheapest way of seeing the city is to take a streetcar. 在这座城市观光最经济的方法是搭乘路面电车。
n. [车辆] 有轨电车
 - trolley car, trolley-bus

Word: amiable
Front: amiable
[ˈeɪmiəbl] (研托宝 15763/11755 -1)
Vocabulary: amiable
(once / 326 pages)
adj
A friendly, pleasant person could be described as amiable. Airline flight attendants tend to be amiable. The people monitoring the school's cafeteria? Maybe not.
An amiable person is good-natured and easy to get along with. Add one letter and you get amicable, a word with a common ancestor (Latin amicabilis) and a similar meaning. But while amiable refers to friendly people, amicable refers to friendly relations between them; two amiable people who no longer want to be married to one another might have an amicable divorce.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
amicable / amiable
Amicable refers to a friendliness or goodwill between people or groups. Amiable refers to one person's friendly disposition. A group might have an amicable meeting, because the people there are amiable.
Amicable comes from the Latin amicabilis, for friendly, which can be traced to the Latin amicus, for friend. Here are some friendly examples:
Through an email, Sala said negotiations have been very amicable and that both sides are motivated to get a deal done. (Seattle Times)
It was a relatively amicable divorce and at least they remain on speaking terms. (BBC)
The split was amicable, Mr. Robbins said, with his former partner breaking even on the sale and returning to the music business. (New York Times)
Amiable also comes from the Late Latin amicabilis, with a stop in Old French as amiable before English adopted it. Some experts use amiable to describe only people, but amiable is also used to describe things being sociable or agreeable, like an amiable tone of voice. It's usually used for people, though:
A tall, amiable man, he wears a white hard hat with "JOE" written in faded marker on the front. (Washington Post)
One former roommate described him as amiable and talkative. (New York Times)
Amicable refers to the connections between people or things, like a friendly situation with a crowd. Take out the "c" for crowd and you're left with amiable, one friendly person.
WORD FAMILY
amiable: amiability, amiableness, amiablest, amiably +/amiability: amiabilities/ amity: amiable, amities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Each time he was amiable with the staff and did not appear vigilant.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He inquired further throughout the interview, and while he was amiable about it, this wasn’t flattery or deflection.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In his New York Times review, Glenn Kenny called it “relentlessly amiable.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 和蔼可亲的; 温和的
分布：亲切的(58%)，和蔼的(42%)
→来自词根am, 爱。
和蔼的,友善的(ami+able能...的→能(被)爱的→亲切的)[am,amor,amat=love,表示"爱,情爱"]
a.和蔼可亲的,友善的,亲切的The foreign guests are always amiable to the host.外宾来到主人家拜访时总是友好的.
【记】ami拼：阿眯。我家有只大花猫，它的名字叫阿眯，虽然食量有点大，但是和蔼又亲切。A一个，mi秘（书），able能：一个小秘能作的事：和蔼亲切
【反】inimical（adj 敌意的）
adjective
■describes a person or their behaviour that is pleasant and friendly 和蔼可亲的，亲切的；令人愉悦的；友好的
• He seemed an amiable young man. 他看上去是个很友好的小伙子。
• So amiable was the mood of the meeting that a decision was soon reached. 会议的气氛非常友好，所以很快就作出了一项决议。
adj. 和蔼可亲的，亲切的
 - pleasant, friendly, sweet, benign

Word: toy
Front: toy
[tɔɪ] (中高研四六宝 2418/3412 -K3)
Back: n. 玩具，玩物; 小装饰品; 无实用价值的东西
vi. 玩弄; 不认真地考虑
adj. 玩具的; 作玩具的; 个头很小的; 小体型品种的
时态：toyed, toying, toys
分布：玩具(100%)
→来 自 中 古 英 语 toye, 玩 具 ， 玩 物 ， 可 能 来 自 荷 兰 语 toy, 工 具 ， 设 备 ， 装 饰 品 ， 来 自 Proto-Germanic*teuhana,拉出，引出，来自 deuk,拉，引导，词源同 tow,tie,duct.
n.玩具vi.(with)漫不经心地考虑;摆弄On the voyage, the enjoyable toy brought me joy and annoyance.在航行中,使人愉快的玩具给我带来快乐和烦恼.
【反】think over seriously（严肃思考）
noun countable
 ESSENTIAL
■an object for children to play with 玩具
• a cuddly/soft/stuffed toy 可爱的／柔软的／填充玩具
• a clockwork/wind-up toy 装有发条的玩具
• a toy train/farm/soldier 玩具火车／农场／士兵
• UK toy bricks (UStoy blocks) 玩具积木
• Put your toys away now - it's time for bed. 现在把玩具收拾好——该睡觉了。
• Leave daddy's camera alone - it isn't a toy! 别碰爸爸的照相机——它不是玩具！
■an object which is used by an adult for pleasure rather than for serious use （供成年人玩赏的）玩意
• His latest toy is a mobile phone. 他的新玩意是一部手机。
• She has several executive toys on her desk. 她桌上有几件行政人员用的玩意。
[tɔɪ] adjective [before noun]
■belonging or relating to a very small breed of dog that is kept as a pet （宠物狗）小的
• a toy poodle/spaniel 小鬈毛狗／小猎
[tɔɪ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  toy with sth
CONSIDER
■to consider something or doing something, but not in a very serious way, and without making a decision 不太认真地考虑
• We're toying with the idea of going to Peru next year. 我们动了明年去秘鲁的念头。
TOUCH
■to touch an object or move it around with your hand, without any purpose but while thinking about something else 摆弄，拨弄
• She just toyed with her salad. 她只是拨弄着她那份沙拉。
• He toyed nervously with a button on his jacket as he was speaking. 他边说话边紧张地拨弄着一颗上衣扣子。
[tɔɪ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  toy with sb/sth old-fashioned
■to not care seriously about someone or about their feelings, especially during a romantic friendship 玩弄（感情）；随随便便对待（某人）
n. [轻] 玩具；小装饰品；不值钱的东西
 - nick-nack, plaything
vi. 玩弄；调情；随随便便地对待
 - play fast and loose, trifle with

Word: Tamil
Front: Tamil
['tæmɪl] (15737/13473)
Back: n. 泰米尔语；泰米尔人
adj. 坦米尔语的；泰米尔人的
分布：坦米尔语(30%)，坦米尔语的(30%)，坦米尔人(20%)，坦米尔人的(20%)
→印度南部邦， 来自当地语言 Damila, 来自梵语 Dramila, 来自 Dravida 拼写变体， 词源同 Dravidian.

Word: wan
Vocabulary: wan
(once / 1061 pages)
adjv
Someone who is wan is visibly unwell and lacking in energy. If you’ve had the flu for over a week, and you finally get out of bed looking pale and tired, your mother might say that you look wan.
When your aunt comes to dinner and eats three helpings of dessert, she might seem a little wan as she drinks her tea, meaning she looks sickly and weak — and no wonder, after so many slices of pie! Wan can also describe a fading light — one that is sickly and weak, just like your aunt. When the light bulb in the living room burns out and leaves only wan twilight filtering in, you’ll find it impossible to read.
WORD FAMILY
wan: waner, wanest, wanly, wanned, wanner, wanness, wannest, wanning, wans
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Meng eventually became the aide to Wan Li, the former vice premier of China and the pioneer of agricultural reforms.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
This is what it means to be imitated and copied; you get imitated and copied in great ways, and in wan embarrassing ones.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
On and around Ship Street, in the Wan Chai neighborhood of Hong Kong, terse captions under the ghosts tell a sad tale.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)

Word: adage
Front: adage
[ˈædɪdʒ] (托宝 15783/18586)
Vocabulary: adage
(once / 4039 pages)
n
An adage is a saying. Moms and dads love adages such as "early to bed, early to rise" and "an apple a day keeps the doctor away."
The noun adage comes from the Latin root, aio, meaning "I say." Like a proverb, an adage can be true or not so much. It's a folksy saying that's been passed around for so long that it doesn't even matter if it's true anymore. Adages can be wise and wisecracking, such as this quote from Alice Roosevelt Longworth: "I've always believed in the adage that the secret of eternal youth is arrested development." There's a Book of Proverbs in the Bible, but adages can show up anywhere, even cross-stitched on a pillow.
WORD FAMILY
adage: adages
USAGE EXAMPLES
WC Fields’s adage was, “Never work with animals or children”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
It would seem that the new administration may be inclined to forget the adage “knowledge is power.”
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
The Dodger's should remember the old adage — the future is determined by past events.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 谚语，格言
分布：谚语(48%)，格言(42%)，古话(10%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根ag, 做。催人奋进的话。
【记】ad广告，age时代＝广告时代。广告时代有很多格言、古训：自从考完G，腰不酸了，背不疼了，腿也不抽筋了！分儿好，胃口就好，吃嘛嘛香，身体倍儿棒。滴滴香浓，G尤未尽。世上自由公道，背词总有回报。考G以背词为本。出国虽好，还要爹妈喜欢。背词恒久远，G分永流传。
noun countable
■a wise saying; proverb 谚语，格言
• He remembered the old adage 'Look before you leap'. 他想起了那句老话“三思而后行”。
n. 格言， [语] 谚语；箴言
 - saying, saw, proverb, motto

Word: mm
Front: mm
[əm] (高 15832/266 -K)
Back: abbr. =megameter; =millimeter; =millimicron
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable (plural mm)written abbreviation for
■ millimetre
• a 6mm (diameter) drill （直径）6毫米的钻头

Word: snag
Front: snag
[snæg] (托 9696/11441 -1)
Back: n. 小困难或障碍; 突出物; 钩丝
vt. 戳坏; 抓住; 清除暗桩
vi. 妨碍; 被戳坏
时态：snagged, snagging, snags
分布：困难(60%)，划破(8%)，划破处(8%)，抽丝处(8%)，迅速抓到(8%)，残桩(8%)
→来自古诺斯语 snagi,晾衣架，挂衣钩。引申词义树桩，树枝，后用于指河道中被河水浸没的 树桩，暗桩，因而引申比喻义潜在问题，困难，障碍，引申词义被勾住，被挂住等。
noun countable
PROBLEM 问题 slightly informal
■a problem, difficulty or disadvantage 麻烦，问题，困难
• We don't anticipate any snags in/with the negotiations. 我们预料谈判不会出现任何麻烦。
• The drug is very effective - the only snag is that it cannot be produced in large quantities. 这种药很有效——唯一的问题就是，它不能大量生产。
[snæg] noun countable
DAMAGE 损坏
■a tear, hole or loose thread in a piece of clothing or cloth caused by a sharp or rough object （衣物的）钩破处，钩破的洞，抽丝
• This sweater's full of snags. 这件毛衣被钩得全是洞。
[snæg] noun countable
FOOD 食物 Australian informal for
■ sausage
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
DAMAGE 损坏
transitive
■If you snag something, it becomes caught on a sharp object and tears 钩破，挂破（衣物）
• Be careful not to snag your coat on the barbed wire. 小心别让铁丝网钩破衣服。
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
PROBLEM 问题
intransitive or transitive mainly US
■to cause problems or difficulties for someone or something 出现麻烦（或问题）；给…带来困难
• Financial problems have snagged the project for the past six months. 过去六个月里，财务问题一直困扰着这项工程。
• The negotiations have snagged on a dispute about who should chair them. 关于由谁来主持而引起的争议妨碍了谈判的进行。
[snæg] verb (-gg-)
GET 获得
transitive US informal
■to get or catch something by acting quickly 攫取，抓到
• They'd have gone bust if they hadn't snagged that contract from their rivals. 要不是他们从对手那里抢到了合约，他们早就破产了。
• The ball was hit well, but Silverman snagged it for the final out of the inning. 这个球击得很好，但西尔弗曼还是一下子抓到了，使局中最后一人出局。
n. 障碍；意外障碍；突出物
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, stop
vt. 抓住机会；造成阻碍；清除障碍物
 - jump at the chance, take your chance

Word: shelve
Front: shelve
[ʃelv] (宝 15772/13808 -1)
Back: vt. 将（书等）放置在架子上; 将…搁在一边; 装搁架于; 罢免
vi. （陆地）逐渐倾斜
时态：shelved, shelving, shelves
分布：搁置(90%)，倾斜(7%)，放在架子上(3%)
→来自 shelf 的动词形式，比较 proof,prove.引申比喻义搁置，中止，停止。
【记】源于：shelf（n 架子）原指搁在架子上不理
verb
DELAY 延迟
transitive
■to not take action on something until a later time 延迟处理，搁置
• I've had to shelve my plans to buy a new car, because I can't afford it at the moment. 我不得不延缓买新车的计划，因为目前我还买不起。
[ʃelv] verb
SHELF 架
transitive
■to put something onto shelves, or to fix shelves somewhere 把…放在架子上；给…装上架子
[ʃelv] verb
SLOPE 斜坡
intransitive specialized
■When a surface such as the bottom of the sea shelves, it slopes down gradually. （海底等平面）逐渐倾斜
• The sea bed shelves gently for several hundred metres. 海床逐渐倾斜了好几百米。
vt. 搁置，将某事放到一旁不予考虑
 - table, leave in the air
vi. 倾斜
 - pitch, slope, lean

Word: sampler
Front: sampler
[ˈsɑ:mplə(r)] (宝 15720/21737 -1)
Back: n. 采样器; 样板; 样品检查员
分布：取样器(80%)，集锦(10%)，采样员(5%)，刺绣样本(5%)
【记】源于：sample（n 样品）
US ['sæm.plɚ] noun countable
CLOTH 衣服
■a piece of cloth with letters, words, pictures, etc. stitched on it to show how well you can sew, made especially in the past and often hung on the wall like a picture （旧时的）刺绣样本，绣花样品
UK ['sɑ:m.plər] US ['sæm.plɚ] noun countable
MUSIC 音乐 specialized
■a device which allows you to record parts of other people's songs and then use these parts to create new pieces of music （音乐）采样器
n. [自] 采样器；取样器；样品检查员
 - sampling device

Word: psychoanalytic
Front: psychoanalytic
[ˌsaɪkəʊˌænə'lɪtɪk] (15928/13228)
Back: adj. 心理分析的
分布：心理分析的(78%)，=psychoanalytical.(22%)
US [-koʊ'æn.əl.ɪ.tˌɪk] adjective
■relating to psychoanalysis 精神（或心理）分析学的

Word: Protestantism
Front: Protestantism
['prɒtɪstəntɪzəm] (13896/17162)
Back: n. 新教；新教教义；新教徒
分布：新教(50%)，新教徒(25%)，新教教义(25%)
N-UNCOUNT
新教；新教教义
Protestantism is the set of Christian beliefs that are held by Protestants.
例：...the spread of Protestantism.新教的传播

Word: top-notch
Front: top-notch
[tɔp nɔtʃ] None
Back: adj. 拔尖的; 一等
分布：拔尖的(100%)
US [ˌtɑ:p'nɑ:tʃ] informal
adjective
■excellent 顶呱呱的，第一流的
• That restaurant's really top-notch. 那家餐馆真棒。
adj. 一流的；拔尖的
 - big-time, tuff

Word: hurtful
Front: hurtful
[ˈhɜ:tfl] (15788/18774)
Back: adj. 有害的，伤感情的
分布：有害的(54%)，造成损害的(23%)，伤害的(23%)
→hurt,伤害，-ful,形容词后缀。
US ['hɝ:t-] adjective
■causing emotional pain 伤感情的，令人伤心的
• That was a very hurtful remark! 说那些话太伤感情了！
• How can you be so hurtful? 你怎么可以这样伤人的心？

Word: packaged
Front: packaged
['pækɪdʒd] (15760/22539)
Back: 成套
分布：包装的(48%)，打包的(42%)，成套的(7%)，动词package的过去式和过去分词形式.(3%)
N-COUNT
包裹
A package is a small parcel.
例：I tore open the package.我撕开了那个包裹。
例：...a package addressed to Miss Claire Montgomery.寄给克莱尔·蒙哥马利小姐的包裹
N-COUNT
包装盒；包装袋
A package is a small container in which a quantity of something is sold. Packages are either small boxes made of thin cardboard, or bags or envelopes made of paper or plastic.
例：...a package of doughnuts...一包炸面圈
例：It is listed among the ingredients on the package.它是包装盒标明的成分之一。
N-COUNT
一组建议；一揽子提议
A package is a set of proposals that are made by a government or organization and which must be accepted or rejected as a group.
例：The government has announced a package of measures to help the British film industry...政府已经公布了帮助英国电影产业的一揽子措施。
例：They put together a Western economic aid package for Moscow.他们为莫斯科准备了一整套西方经济援助计划。
VERB
（销售前）包装（产品）
When a product is packaged, it is put into containers to be sold.
例：The beans are then ground and packaged for sale as ground coffee...然后那些咖啡豆被磨碎，包装好作为咖啡粉出售。
例：Packaged foods have to show a list of ingredients.包装食品必须列出食品成分。
VERB
（为提高吸引力或趣味性而）包装
If something is packaged in a particular way, it is presented or advertised in that way in order to make it seem attractive or interesting.
例：A city has to be packaged properly to be attractive to tourists.城市必须进行适当的包装以吸引游客。
例：...entertainment packaged as information.被包装成知识性节目的娱乐节目
N-COUNT
包价（旅游）
A package tour, or in British English a package holiday, is a holiday arranged by a travel company in which your travel and your accommodation are booked for you.
例：If you are on a package holiday, your travel company's rep should act on your behalf.如果你是参加包价旅游，你的旅行社代表将代为行事。
v. 包装；把…装袋（package的过去式和过去分词）
 - cased, wapped

Word: trapper
Front: trapper
[ˈtræpə(r)] (托 15840/27812)
Back: n. 设陷阱捕兽的人
分布：捕捉器(64%)，捕兽者(36%)
→trap,陷阱，罗网，-er,人。引申词义捕杀动物者。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who catches wild animals, usually to sell their fur （通常以出售毛皮为目的）设陷阱（或夹子）的捕兽者
• a fur trapper 为获取毛皮的捕兽人
n. 设陷阱捕兽者；捕捉器； [矿业] 矿井风门开关管理员
 - acquirer

Word: sabbatical
Front: sabbatical
[sə'bætɪk(ə)l] (15752/19474)
Vocabulary: sabbatical
(once / 14223 pages)
1nadj 2adj
If your job entitles you, you probably take a sabbatical every seven years, which means you get a year of paid leave to do whatever you want to further your understanding of the world.
The word sabbatical, which can be a noun or an adjective, comes from the Greek word sabatikos, which means “of the Sabbath,” the day of rest that happens every seventh day. Most teaching jobs come with the promise of a sabbatical, which is a year of not having to teach, though you still get paid. During your sabbatical, you usually are expected to do research and perhaps write a book — in order words, keep working.
WORD FAMILY
sabbatical: sabbaticals
USAGE EXAMPLES
No, the sore back that prompted his competitive sabbatical wasn’t acting up.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
It also announced Tuesday it would institute an unpaid sabbatical for long-term employees.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
I discovered it 14 years ago, when my husband was on sabbatical at the University of Glasgow.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. 休假的，公休的
n. 学术休假
分布：休假(69%)，安息日的(15%)，公休(9%)，休息的(7%)
→来自 Sabbath,休息，安息，-ical,形容词后缀。现词义缩写自 sabbatical year,休息年，用于指 大学教师进行学术研究或旅游的假期。
【记】sa三，bbat＝bat蝙蝠，ical：三个蝙蝠一个工作8小时－周期休息的
US [-'bætˌ-] noun countable or uncountable
■a period of time when college or university teachers are allowed to stop their usual work in order to study or travel, usually while continuing to be paid （供大学老师进行学术研究或旅游且通常带薪的）休假
• to take/have a sabbatical 休假
• She's on sabbatical for six months. 她正在休假，为期六个月。
• sabbatical leave 休假期
n. 休假（美国某些大学给大学教师每七年一次的）
 - leave, vac

Word: airfare
Front: airfare
[ˈeəfeə(r)] (15629/-)
Back: n. 飞机票价
分布：机票价格(100%)
US ['er.fer] noun countable
■the price of a journey by aircraft 飞机票价
• Transatlantic airfares are going up. 横越大西洋的飞机票价在上涨。

Word: law-abiding
Front: law-abiding
[lɔ: ə'baɪdɪŋ] (-1)
Back: adj. 守法的; 规规矩矩
分布：守法的(100%)
US ['lɑ:-] adjective
■Someone who is law-abiding obeys the law 守法的，遵守法律的
• Such actions against law-abiding citizens will not be tolerated. 对守法公民采取这样的行动是不能容忍的。

Word: darling
Front: darling
[ˈdɑ:lɪŋ] (研四 6421/3264 -2)
Vocabulary: darling
(once / 774 pages)
nadj
Use the word darling for someone you love or care for deeply. Your sweet old grandmother probably calls you darling.
You can describe someone as being your darling, or address them that way: "I missed you so much while I was working on that fishing boat, darling!" Another way to use the word is for a generally lovable person: "Everyone adores Timmy, he's such a darling." The Old English root is deorling, a diminutive of deor, "dear."
WORD FAMILY
darling: darlingest, darlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Glamorous Cypress Point, Alister Mackenzie's masterpiece woven through cypress, sand dunes and jagged coastline, wasn't always the darling of America's 100 Greatest.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
The Public Theater’s annual festival of innovative live arts returns with a roster of hometown favorites and visiting darlings, including several site-specific shows.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It was unusual behavior for a woman who was once a news media darling.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. （用作称呼）亲爱的; 心爱的人; 倍受宠爱的人; 亲切友好的的人
adj. 倍受喜爱的，可爱的，迷人的
分布：亲爱的(54%)，可爱的(27%)，可爱的人(14%)，可爱的物(5%)
→来自dear, 亲爱的。-ling, 小词后缀。
n.心爱的人,亲爱的In the sparking park, the darling dark dog barked at the embarked larks.在闪着火花的公园里,可爱的深色狗对着装载于船云雀吠叫.
US ['dɑ:r-] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a person who is very much loved or liked 亲爱的；宝贝；极受欢迎的人
• Oh darling, I do love you. 哦，亲爱的，我真的爱你。
• Here's your change, darling. 亲爱的，这是找给你的零钱。
• In spite of his unpopularity in the USSR, Gorbachev remained a/the darling of (= very popular with) the West right to the end. 尽管戈巴契夫在苏联并不受欢迎，但他自始至终都受到西方的大力追捧。
UK ['dɑ:.lɪŋ] US ['dɑ:r-] adjective [before noun] old-fashioned
■loved very much; used when talking someone you love, for example in a letter （在书信等对喜爱之人的称呼）亲爱的，心爱的
• Darling Martha, It was lovely to see you at the weekend. 亲爱的玛莎，周末能见到你真是太好了。
■very attractive 吸引人的，可爱的，迷人的
• They've just bought a darling little cottage. 他们刚买了一间可爱的小木屋。
n. 心爱的人；亲爱的
 - beloved, the light of one's eyes

Word: circumference
Front: circumference
[səˈkʌmfərəns] (研四六托雅宝 15774/15114)
Vocabulary: circumference
(once / 1280 pages)
n
The distance around a circle is called the circumference, and although circumference is often used when talking about round things, it can mean a boundary of any shape that completely surrounds something.
It’s no coincidence that the first part of circumference looks like circle. The Latin word circum means “around,” and the root ferre is the Latin verb for “carry,” so imagine carrying a puppy around a circle pit of lava: the path you walk is the circumference. If you want to buy a new hat, you’ll need to measure the circumference of your head, and patrolling the circumference of your castle is a good way to protect against dragons.
WORD FAMILY
circumference: circumferences, circumferential+/circumferent: circumference, circumferenter/circumferential: circumferentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first electrons are expected to complete their initial laps around its 133 metre circumference ring this month.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
It is 338 feet in diameter, slightly larger than the circumference of the outer ring at Stonehenge.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Everything from club length to grip circumference is up for consideration.
Golf Digest(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 周围，圆周; 胸围
分布：圆周(56%)，周长(31%)，周围(13%)
→circum-,圈，周围，-fer,带，携，词源同bring,conference.
周长(circum+fer带来→ence→带来一圈→周长)[circum-表示"环绕,周围"]
四周,周围(circum环境+fer+ence_→带来环绕→周围)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
n.圆周,周围The recruit made the current circulate in the circuit on the circumference.新兵使电流在周长上在电路内循环.
【记】circum圈，fer带来－带来一圈－圆周
US [sɚ'kʌmp.fɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■the distance around a circle, or the distance around the widest part of a circular or round object; the line surrounding a circular space 圆周；周长；周线
• the circumference of a circle/an orange 圆／橙的周长
the circumference
■the outside edge of an area of any size or shape 周边；外圈
n. [数] 圆周；周长；胸围
 - periphery, chest/bust

Word: paltry
Front: paltry
[ˈpɔ:ltri] (宝 15789/18913 -1)
Vocabulary: paltry
(once / 1510 pages)
adj
A paltry amount is so small it's not even worth thinking about. In the novel "Oliver Twist," when Oliver is given a paltry amount of gruel — not nearly enough — he asks, "Please, sir, can I have some more?"
Paltry is a laughably small amount — the waiter might chuck a paltry tip in the garbage. If you have only 50 cents in your bank account, it's such a paltry amount, you may as well be broke. It can also mean "not worth considering" or "not important." If you keep breaking your promises, your friends will get sick of your paltry excuses.
WORD FAMILY
paltry: paltrier, paltriest, paltrily, paltriness+/paltriness: paltrinesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rousey’s fans, on the other hand, must focus their hermeneutic powers on a paltry body of current literature.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
Guy, who does not start, elevated Virginia’s paltry 32.3 shooting percentage in the first half to 46.2 percent in the second.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Rehearsal time is paltry, previews don’t exist, and there are generally just a handful of performances.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 微小的; 不重要的; 无价值的; 可鄙的
分布：微不足道的(54%)，琐碎的(21%)，无价值的(16%)，可鄙的(9%)
→来自低地德语palter,破布，布条，来自Proto-Germanic*palto,破布，碎布，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义破布般的，无价值的，微不足道的。
【记】pal＝pale（adj 苍白的），try（努力）一白努力－无价值的
【反】significant（adj 有意义的）；important（adj 重要的）
US ['pɑ:l-] adjective
■(of a sum of money) very small and of little or no value （金钱）微不足道的，无价值的
• Student grants these days are paltry. 如今的学生助学金少得可怜。
• The company offered Jeremy a paltry sum which he refused. 公司提议要给杰瑞米一笔微不足道的钱，他拒绝了。
■low in quality 低劣的；可鄙的
• She made some paltry excuse and left. 她编了个蹩脚的借口离开了。
adj. 不足取的；无价值的；琐碎的；卑鄙的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: binary
Front: binary
[ˈbaɪnəri] (11187/7467 -1)
Vocabulary: binary
(once / 5240 pages)
1adjn 2n
Something that can be broken into two categories is binary. Binary means something close to dual or double.
You can remember what binary means if you know that bi- means two. Black and white are often set up as a binary, as are light and dark and good and evil. One binary we see all the time is the male and female symbols you see on bathroom doors. In computing, binary is a code of zeros and ones (computer programming) also known as base two. A binary is also a double star — two stars revolving around each other.
WORD FAMILY
binary: binaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
The guidelines are three pages with a stated purpose of supporting “athletes choosing to express their gender beyond the binary of female and male.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Punk rock fliers were intentionally crude and often binary in design.
Salon(Dec 21, 2016)
But as president he will tackle a world that is not easily reduced to binary statements and the logic of “us versus them.”
Time(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 双重的，由两个东西组成的; 二态的; 二元的; 二进制的
n. 一双; 双体; 二进制数; 双子星
分布：二进制(79%)，二元(17%)，二元的(3%)，二进位的(1%)
→前缀bi-, 二, 在元音前变bin-.
US [-nɚ-] adjective
■consisting of two parts 双的；由两部分组成的
adj. [数] 二进制的；二元的， [电子] 二态的
 - dualistic, bibasic

Word: cross-sectional
Front: cross-sectional
['krɒs'sekʃənəl] None
Back: adj. 代表性的
分布：代表性的(75%)，横断面的(25%)

Word: frond
Front: frond
[frɒnd] (宝 15768/21289)
Vocabulary: frond
(once / 5230 pages)
n
A compound leaf — that is, a leaf with many fine and deep divisions — is a frond, such as on ferns and palm trees.
Although commonly referring to the leafy part of a fern or palm, the noun frond can also refer to anything that has a similar shape to a palm frond or fern frond. If your bedhead is really bad, people may joke about your combing your fronds. In parts of the United States and Canada, you may eat the fronds of fiddlehead ferns, which are cooked and served as a vegetable.
WORD FAMILY
frond: fronds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Evenly sprinkle the chives over each serving, and garnish each plate with one fennel frond.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
She began tucking Dad’s razor blades into the fronds of the Christmas wreath.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
Meanwhile, chop the dill fronds and mince the garlic, placing them both in a medium bowl.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 蕨类或棕榈类植物的叶子
分布：叶状体(45%)，藻体(33%)，蕨叶(22%)
→词源同front, 前面的，向前的。用来指蕨叶。
【记】frond是长在fern front（n 前面）的
US [frɑ:nd] noun countable specialized
■a long thin leaf of a plant 窄长的叶子
• Ferns and palms have fronds. 蕨类植物和棕榈树都长有窄长的叶子。
n. （蕨类等的） [植] 叶，复叶；叶状体
 - lobe, lobus

Word: black
Front: black
[blæk] (中高雅 253/426 -K5)
Vocabulary: black
(once / 31 pages)
1adjnv 2adj 3adj 4adj 5adj
We all know what black looks like, but technically it's defined by the absence of light. Total darkness. It can also mean an angry feeling or something wicked or hopeless. For example, “The traffic put me in a black mood.”
Black is most commonly used as an adjective, but you can also use it as a noun, like when you say, "The actors wore black." Synonyms when used to describe color include inky, raven, and sable. Synonyms when it means "hopeless" include dispiriting, lugubrious, and threatening.
WORD FAMILY
black: antiblack, blacked, blacker, blackest, blacking, blackish, blackly, blackness, blacks+/blacking: blackings/blackness: blacknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dahlin’s first project was a report denouncing the existence of an illegal nationwide network of secret detention facilities called “black jails”.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Roof believed segregation needed to return to keep white people from falling to the level of blacks.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A song that speaks to all the disregarded and downtrodden black people in the United States.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 黑（色）的; 黑色人种的; 黑暗的; 不加牛奶的
n. 黑色; 黑人; 黑颜料; 黑暗
v. 使变黑; 抵制; 拒绝; 使变黑暗
时态：blacked, blacking, blacks
分布：黑色(62%)，黑人(20%)，黑的(8%)，邪恶的(3%)，抵制(2%)，很脏的(2%)，不加牛奶的(1%)，黑色幽默的(1%)，机密的(1%)
→来自PIE * bhel, 燃烧，发光。词源同blank, blue. 在古英语里black是一个词义不明确的词，既指黑的，也指白的，或其它颜色。
a.黑(色)的;黑暗的n.黑(色);黑暗;黑人The progressive congressman dressed in black stressed his distress.穿着黑色衣服的进步国会议员强调了他的不幸.
adjective
COLOUR 颜色
 ESSENTIAL
■being the darkest colour there is, like the colour of coal or of a very dark night 黑色的；黑的
• black shoes 黑色的鞋子
[blæk] adjective
PEOPLE 人
 ESSENTIAL
■relating or belonging to people with black or dark brown skin, especially people who live in Africa or whose family originally came from Africa 黑种人的；黑人的
• black culture 黑人文化
• black Americans 美国黑人
[blæk] adjective
BAD 坏的
■without hope 无希望的
• The future looked black. 未来希望渺茫。
■literary
■bad or evil 坏的，邪恶的
• a black-hearted villain 一个黑心肠的恶棍
[blæk] adjective
not be as black as you are painted
■not to be as bad as people say you are 不像传说中那么坏
[blæk] adjective
paint a black picture of sth/sb
■to describe a situation or person as extremely bad 把（形势）描绘得很严峻；把（某人）说得很坏
[blæk] noun
COLOUR 颜色
uncountable
■the colour of coal or of the sky on a very dark night 黑色的；黑的
• She often dresses in black (= in black clothes). 她经常穿黑色衣服。
black and white
■describes photography that has no colours except black, white and grey （照片）黑白的
• The old newsreels were filmed in black and white. 以前的新闻短片是用黑白底片拍制的。
• a black-and-white photo 黑白照片
[blæk] noun
PEOPLE 人
countable offensive
■a black person 黑人
[blæk] noun
be (down) in black and white
■to be written down 被写下来；白纸黑字
• I couldn't believe it was true, but there it was, in black and white. 我不相信那是真的，但情况就是这样，白纸黑字写得清清楚楚。
[blæk] noun
be in the black
■If a bank account is in the black, it contains some money, and if a person or business is in the black, they have money in the bank and are not in debt. （帐户上）有钱，有盈余 Compare be in the red at red
[blæk] noun
black and blue
■with dark marks on your skin caused by being hit or having an accident 瘀肿的，瘀血的
• His arm was black and blue. 他手臂青一块紫一块的。
[blæk] noun
black-and-white
■describes a subject or situation in which it is easy to understand what is right and wrong 黑白分明的，是非分明的
• Disarmament isn't a black-and-white issue for me. 我觉得裁军问题不是一个黑白分明的问题。
[blæk] noun
brown/green, etc. is the new black
■used to say that something is the most popular or fashionable colour or thing at the moment 棕色／绿色等是流行色
• Designers say that brown is the new black. 设计师说棕色是时下流行的颜色。
[blæk] noun
see things in black and white
■to have a simple view of what is right and wrong or good and bad 看问题黑白分明，观点绝对化
[blæk] verb transitive
MAKE DARK 变成黑色
■to put a black substance on something or to make something black 使…变成黑色
• The commandos blacked their faces. 突击队员把脸涂黑。
[blæk] verb transitive
AVOID 避免
■If a trade union blacks goods or people, it refuses to handle or work with them. （工会）对（货物或人）抵制；拒绝（与某人工作）
[blæk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] black sth out
COVER
■to cover a face or a name so that it cannot be seen 遮盖；遮挡
• In the TV interview, they blacked out the victim's face. 在电视采访中，他们遮挡住了受害人的脸部。
NO LIGHT
■to make a place dark, especially by covering or switching off all the lights （尤指透过遮盖或关灯）使变暗
• The entire city was blacked out overnight. 全市通宵停电。
[blæk] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  black out
■to become unconscious suddenly but for a short period 暂时失去知觉，昏厥
dim, dark, vague, grey, obscure, black, gloomy
这组词都有“完全地或不完全地缺少光亮”的意思，其区别是：
dim: 指光线不足或视力较差，不能清晰地看见物体。
dark: 最普通用词，指缺乏自然光线或人工照明，使某物漆黑无光或光线十分微弱。
vague: 通常作借喻用，形容抽象事物。
grey: 与dark意思相近，但侧重阴暗单调的意味。
obscure: 指因光线不充足而使物体灰暗不清，失去光泽或若隐若现。作借喻时指因复杂、深奥或含糊而难于理解。
black: 侧重颜色是黑色的，有时也指无光的黑暗。
gloomy: 指光线不足或部分光线受阻而出现的阴暗。
adj. 黑色的；黑人的；邪恶的
 - evil, ill, ugly
n. 黑色；黑人；黑颜料
 - Film-Noir, jigaboo
vt. 使变黑；把鞋油等涂在…上；把（眼眶）打成青肿
 - denigrate
vi. 变黑
 - grow dark

Word: mournful
Front: mournful
[ˈmɔ:nfl] (托宝 15738/19876 -1)
Vocabulary: mournful
(once / 460 pages)
adj
A mournful person is someone who is full of sorrow, like a little girl who has just lost her new puppy.
Mournful is a word that is often associated with someone who has experienced the death of someone close to them. A person would feel mournful if their loved one had just died. Mournful can also describe the expression of sad feelings, like a person dressed in black and sobbing into a handkerchief. You would not be mournful if you had just failed a quiz, but you would be mournful if your twenty-year marriage had just failed.
WORD FAMILY
mournful: mournfulest, mournfully, mournfulness+/ mourn: mourned, mourner, mournful, mourning, mourns/mourned: unmourned/ mourner: mourners/ mourning: mourningly, mournings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I would like to get the frog off the hate database,” Furie said, in perhaps the most mournful quotation of the year.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But his commercial instincts and pop craftsmanship were still in evidence, from the Beatles-esque harmonies of Heal The Pain to the mournful Praying For Time.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Russia observed a national day of mourning on Monday, with the main government television channels repeatedly playing mournful music and eulogizing those killed.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 哀痛的，令人伤心的; 悲伤的; 使人伤心（沮丧）的; 凄凄切切
分布：悲哀的(72%)，悲恸的(14%)，令人惋惜的(14%)
→来自mourn,哀悼，悲伤。
【记】源于：mourn（v 哀悼；服丧）
【反】jovial（adj 快活高兴的）；revelry（n 狂欢）－mournfulness
US ['mɔ:rn-] adjective
■very sad 忧伤的；悲痛的；凄楚的
• a mournful expression 忧伤的表情
• mournful music 哀婉的乐曲
adj. 悲哀的；令人惋惜的
 - sad, threnetical

Word: demonic
Front: demonic
[diˈmɒnɪk] (15779/19351)
Vocabulary: demonic
(once / 15697 pages)
adj
Demonic is a word to describe behavior or people who are extremely evil or cruel.
It helps to understand this word if you know a demon is a creature of hell. Demonic has that same kind of hellish, diabolical, fiendish, infernal, satanic, unholy quality. This word should not be used lightly. Stealing a candy bar, though wrong, is not demonic. Truly evil behavior, like being a serial killer, is more likely to be described as demonic. In superhero movies, the supervillains are likely to be demonic, since they are more evil than common storybook villains.
WORD FAMILY
demonic: demonically+/ demon: demonic, demonise, demonism, demonize, demons/demonise: demonisation, demonised/demonism: demonolatry/demonization: demonizations/demonize: demonization, demonized, demonizes, demonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this emergency without end, figures such as Gaza and his demonic dad will always offer to carry into paradise “those who’d escaped from hell”.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
The voice Donnie uses when he’s talking to Frank, the demonic bunny rabbit, was my choice.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
The seventh result is: “Jews are demonic souls from a different world.”
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶魔的，魔鬼似的，恶魔般的
分布：恶魔般的(62%)，疯狂的(23%)，=demonical.(15%)
US [-'mɑ:.nɪk] adjective
■wild and evil 凶恶的，恶魔般的
• He had a demonic (= cruel) gleam in his eye. 他眼里闪出一道凶光。
adj. 有魔力的，恶魔的
 - magic, diabolical

Word: lithium
Front: lithium
[ˈlɪθiəm] (15717/24711)
Back: n. <化>锂
分布：锂(100%)
→来自希腊语lithos,石头。因该金属元素发现于石头中而得名。
noun uncountable
■a soft, silver metal 锂

Word: steeply
Front: steeply
[sti:plɪ] (15796/11143 -K)
Back: adv. 险峻地，大坡度地
分布：险峻地(100%)
adverb
■suddenly or sharply 徒峭地；险峻地
• The beach slopes steeply down to the sea. 海岸陡然没入海中。
• The value of the land has risen steeply. 这块土地的价值迅速上涨。
adv. 陡峭地；险峻地
 - precipitously, bluffly

Word: housework
Front: housework
[ˈhaʊswɜ:k] (中高研 15787/7299 -1)
Back: n. 家务劳动
分布：家务劳动(100%)
n.家务,家事(不可数)She is in charge of the housework.她掌管家务.
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
 IMPROVER
■the work of keeping a house clean and tidy 家务
• I hate doing housework. 我讨厌做家事。

Word: organic
Front: organic
[ɔ:ˈgænɪk] (研四六托雅 3070/3457 -2)
Vocabulary: organic
(once / 243 pages)
1adj 2adjn
If you take up organic farming, be sure to use organic fertilizer, not some artificial chemical. Organic describes things that are natural or related to nature.
In common usage, organic is used to mean “healthful” or “close to nature.” It can also describe foods grown without artificial pesticides or fertilizers. In other uses, organic refers to living things or material that comes from living things. In a more medical sense, organic means “relating to the organs of the body,” and in a legal sense, organic describes something that is central to an organization or a government.
WORD FAMILY
organic: inorganic, organically, organicism, organics, organism +/inorganic: inorganically/micro-organism: micro-organisms/microorganism: microorganisms/ organ: organic, organification, organist, organs/organicism: organicistic/ organism: micro-organism, microorganism, organismal, organisms/organist: organists
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the Philippines, he worked in research, advocacy and policy legislation, which led to the development of sustainable organic agriculture to feed the poor.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A crucial element is that these brands commit to buying a certain amount of organic cotton from the farmers at the beginning of the season.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
It contrasts line and color, as well as organic and geometric.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有机（体）的; 有组织的，系统的; 器官的; 根本的
分布：有机的(40%)，器官的(21%)，有机物质(18%)，根本的(12%)，有组织的(6%)，接近自然的(3%)
→来自organ,运行，器官，组织机构。即有组织运行的，后用于指生物有机体，引申词义有机的，有机物的等。
a.器官的;有机的;有机体的Liver is an organic part of human body.肝脏是人体一个有机的组成部分.
US [ɔ:r-] adjective
NO CHEMICALS 无化学品
 ADVANCED
■not using artificial chemicals in the growing of plants and animals for food and other products 有机的，不使用化肥的
• organic food/fruit/farms/farmers 有机食品／有机水果／实行有机栽培的农场／实行有机栽培的农民
UK [ɔ:'gæn.ɪk] US [ɔ:r-] adjective
LIVING 活的
■being or coming from living plants and animals 生物的；有机物的
• A quarter of the contents of an average family's dustbin is organic matter. 一个普通家庭的垃圾桶里有1／4的东西是有机物质。
Opposite inorganic formal
■(of a disease or illness) producing a physical change in the structure of an organ or part of the body （疾病）器质性的，器官的，官能的
UK [ɔ:'gæn.ɪk] US [ɔ:r-] adjective
CARBON 含碳的 specialized
■(of a chemical substance) containing carbon （化学物质）有机的，含碳的
• Organic chemicals are used in the manufacture of plastics, fibres, solvents and paints. 有机化学物用于生产塑胶、纤维、溶剂和油漆。
adj. [生物] [有化] 有机的；组织的；器官的；根本的
 - fundamental, ultimate, radical, underlying

Word: sh
Front: sh
[ʃ] (15861/8394 -1)
Back: int. 安静; 静一静; 嘘
分布：名词(100%)
(also shh) (also ssh) [ʃ:] (shush)
exclamation
■used to tell someone to be quiet 嘘（用于叫人保持安静）
• Sh, you'll wake the baby! 嘘，你会把宝宝吵醒的！
int. 嘘；安静
 - hist, shh

Word: pruning
Front: pruning
[pru:nɪŋ] (15888/12963)
Back: n. 修枝，剪枝，修剪
v. 修剪（树木等）( prune的现在分词 ); 精简某事物，除去某事物多余的部分
分布：修剪(99%)，动词prune的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
李子干；梅干
A prune is a dried plum.
VERB
修剪；修整
When you prune a tree or bush, you cut off some of the branches so that it will grow better the next year.
例：You have to prune a bush if you want fruit...如果想让灌木结果，就必须进行修剪。
例：There is no best way to prune.没有最好的修剪方法。
VERB
删去；除去；削减
If you prune something, you cut out all the parts that you do not need.
例：Firms are cutting investment and pruning their product ranges.公司正在减少投资，缩减产品系列。
n. [园艺] 修剪；剪枝
 - shear, cutting back
v. [园艺] 修剪（prune的ing形式）
 - triming, cropping

Word: pretzel
Front: pretzel
[ˈpretsl] (15785/-)
Vocabulary: pretzel
(once / 17668 pages)
n
A pretzel is a crispy snack or a soft, baked good. Both kinds of pretzel usually have a distinctive, knot-like, twisted shape.
Pretzels are salty snack foods, so you'll find them alongside potato chips and popcorn in the grocery store. Pretzels that come in a bag are crisp and small, while the soft kind is often sold from food carts and topped with mustard. The pretzel was originally a German invention, so it makes sense that the word comes from the German Brezel, which is rooted in the Medieval Latin brachitella, "biscuit in the shape of folded arms."
WORD FAMILY
pretzel: pretzels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sliced and served with pretzels as an afternoon snack.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
The rest of the year they sell the popcorn in vending machines, along with pretzels, cheese curls and Zesty Ranch Corn Chips.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
The equivalent in pretzels is skimpy by comparison.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 椒盐卷饼，<美俚>法国号
分布：椒盐卷饼(63%)，一种脆饼干(37%)
→来自德语Prezel,来自中古高地德语brezel,来自古高地德语brecedela,来自拉丁语bracchium,胳膊，手臂，词源同brace,embrace.比喻用法，因这种小甜卷饼如同胳膊抱在一起而得名。
noun countable
■a hard salty biscuit that has been baked especially in stick or knot shapes 椒盐蝴蝶饼
n. （美）法国号；一种脆饼干
 - French horn

Word: permanence
Front: permanence
[ˈpɜ:mənəns] (宝 15791/14823)
Vocabulary: permanence
(once / 2804 pages)
n
Permanence is when something sticks around forever, like your mother's love or the smell of smoke after you accidentally start a fire in your kitchen.
Something can give the impression of permanence, even if it isn't literally infinite, like a massive stone castle or a pesky neighbor who always seems to be hanging around. The noun permanence comes from permanent, which in Latin means "remaining to the end," from the roots per, "through," and manere, "remain or stay."
WORD FAMILY
permanence: permanences+/impermanence: impermanences/impermanency: impermanencies/ impermanent: impermanence, impermanency, impermanently/permanency: permanencies/ permanent: impermanent, lastingly, permanence, permanency, permanently, permanents, semipermanent/semipermanent: semipermanently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tattoo artists inject the ink with a needle below the skin, deep into the dermis, in the interest of permanence.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
To overturn that presumption of permanence and continuity, any future group petitioning the university for renaming will need to address four principles.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Solid, custom furnishings by Wearstler ground the interior, creating an impression of permanence.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 永久，持久
分布：持久(56%)，永久(44%)
→来自permanent,永久的。
永恒,持久[man,main=stay,表示"逗留"]
【记】per所有，man＝maintain（v 保持）－保持所有的状态－永久
【反】transience（n 短暂）
US ['pɝ:-] (formal permanency)
noun uncountable
■staying the same or continuing for a long time 持久（性）；永久（性），永恒（性）
• A loving family environment gives children that sense of stability and permanence which they need. 充满爱的家庭环境会为孩子带来他们所需的稳定感和安定感。
Opposite impermanence
n. 持久；永久
 - perennity, endurance

Word: swirling
Front: swirling
[swɜ:lɪŋ] (15771/19119)
Back: v. 旋转，打旋( swirl的现在分词 )
分布：打旋的(75%)，动词swirl的现在分词.(25%)
V-ERG
(使)打旋;(使)旋动;(使)起旋涡
If you swirl something liquid or flowing, or if it swirls, it moves round and round quickly.
例：She smiled, swirling the wine in her glass...她微笑着，旋动着杯子里的葡萄酒。
例：The black water swirled around his legs, reaching almost to his knees...黑乎乎的脏水在他腿边打着旋，几乎快要没到了膝盖。
n. 漩涡；涡流
 - whirlpool, gulf
v. 打旋；眩晕；使成漩涡（swirl的现在分词形式）
 - whirling

Word: riveting
Front: riveting
[ˈrɪvɪtɪŋ] (宝 15797/20513)
Vocabulary: riveting
(once / 9448 pages)
adj
A rivet is a fastener that holds something closed or down, and something riveting keeps you glued to your seat and grabs your attention. Sometimes a movie is so riveting that not even free popcorn refills can lure you away.
Riveting is an adjective for things that really draw you in, like a book you read in one sitting or a song you turn up so you can hear every lyric. Beautiful scenes are riveting, but terrible and ugly things are also riveting, like the site of an accident you can't stop looking at. Words from a teacher or actor have a riveting effect when they're full of impact and interest, and when you exaggerate a story for your best friend, that's riveting too.
WORD FAMILY
riveting: rivetingly+/ rivet: riveted, riveter, riveting, rivets, rivetted, rivetter, rivetting/riveter: riveters/rivetter: rivetters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mixing elements of steampunk with a pro-science message, this inventive French animated adventure is a sophisticated, riveting story about the power of innovation in society.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The mogul’s riveting new autobiography, “They Call Me Supermensch,” certainly touches on these musical adventures.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
The actor also directed August Wilson’s play, deftly, and his familiarity with the play shows in this riveting screen adaption.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 饶有趣味的，非常精彩的，引人入胜的
n. 铆接（法）
v. 铆接( rivet的现在分词 ); 把…固定住; 吸引; 引起某人的注意
分布：非常精彩的(52%)，动听的(16%)，动词rivet的现在分词形式.(16%)，令人着迷的(16%)
→来自 rivet,固定，吸引。
十分精彩的(rivet柳钉,如柳钉一样牢牢吸引住)[-ing 1.表名词"状态"2.表名词"行业"3.表形容词"正…的","令人…的"]
US [-tˌɪŋ] adjective
■extremely interesting 引人入胜的，吸引人的
• It was a riveting story. 那是个非常动听的故事。
adj. 吸引人的
 - attractive, absorbing

Word: poise
Front: poise
[pɔɪz] (托雅宝 6244/7099)
Vocabulary: poise
(once / 610 pages)
1vn 2n
If you have poise, you are cool under stress. People with poise can handle pressure without showing it.
If you’re calm while singing the national anthem in front of thirty million people, you’ve got a lot of poise. This is a rare quality people admire. Another meaning is to brace yourself for something difficult, as in: when you hear about a tornado, you're poised for more bad news. You can also be poised as in "on the brink" of something. If you stand on the diving board it could be said you’re poised to take the plunge.
WORD FAMILY
poise: poised, poises, poising
USAGE EXAMPLES
And global condemnations notwithstanding, the trend is poised to accelerate.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Wasting no time, House and Senate Republicans are poised to mark the first day of the 115th Congress with resolutions condemning the U.N.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
As always, the Crimson Tide program exudes an air of quiet determination and poise.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 泰然自若; 自信; 体态; 姿态
vt. 使平衡; 保持（某种姿势）; 抓紧; 使稳定
时态：poised, poising, poises
分布：平衡(48%)，姿态(25%)，镇静(16%)，盘旋(5%)，使 ... 平衡(2%)，保持 ... 姿势(2%)，做准备(2%)
→来自法语pois,重量，称量，平衡，来自拉丁语pensum,称重，重物，来自pendere,悬挂，称量，词源同pendulum,ponder.引申词义使稳定，平衡。
【记】pose放，中间有一个I想象成天平的支点，放在上面保持平衡。
【参】tacit（adj 沉默的）tact老练机智，I读：爱－老练的人相爱不需要说话。
[pɔɪz] approving
noun uncountable
■calm confidence in a person's way of behaving, or a quality of grace (= moving in an attractive way) and balance in the way a person holds or moves their body 沉着，泰然自若；平衡
• He looked embarrassed for a moment, then quickly regained his poise. 他一时间显得尴尬，但很快又恢复了平静。
• Her confidence and poise show that she is a top model. 她的自信与镇定显示她是一个十分优秀的模特儿。
n. 平衡；姿势；镇静
 - balance, attitude
vt. 使平衡；保持...姿势
 - balance, equilibrize
vi. 平衡；准备好；悬着
 - hang, balance of, get ready

Word: gash
Front: gash
[gæʃ] (托宝 15733/15716 -1)
Vocabulary: gash
(once / 2271 pages)
vn
A gash is a deep cut, like a gash on your knee from a biking accident, or a gash in the earth caused by workers who are digging up a broken sewer.
The noun gash describes a wound or cut, so it makes sense that as a verb, gash describes the act of making that wound or cut, as in, people signing up for a knife skills class taught by a chef because they are tired of gashing their fingers when chopping vegetables.
WORD FAMILY
gash: gashed, gashes, gashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“His demeanor was beyond his age,” said Alex Gash, an offensive tackle and captain on the freshman team.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
But Mrs Merkel said the UK leaving "is a deep gash in the EU".
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Aaron Rodgers built his Hall of Fame résumé on the back of his powerful arm and ability to gash opposing defenses with big passing plays.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: vt. 划深而长切口; 砍
n. 深长的切口（或伤口）; 裂缝
时态：gashed, gashing, gashes
分布：名词(93%)，动词(7%)
→来自古法语garser, 划伤，来自gher, 刻，划，词源同character,scratch. 字母r脱落比较arse, ass.
【记】读：盖世（太保）－经常出没于黑社会，所以身上有gash有了gash，血就会gush（v 喷涌而出；滔滔不绝）读：故事
noun countable
■a long deep cut, especially in the skin （尤指皮肤上）深长的伤口，大而深的切口
[gæʃ] verb transitive
■to make a long deep cut in something, especially the skin on a part of the body （尤指皮肤上）造成深长的伤口，大而深的切口
• She slipped on a rock and gashed her knee. 她摔倒在一块石头上，把膝盖划了一大口。

Word: annihilation
Front: annihilation
[əˌnaɪə'leɪʃn] (15799/18808)
Vocabulary: annihilation
(once / 2132 pages)
n
Annihilation is the total destruction of something. In World War II, our nuclear bombs resulted in the annihilation of Hiroshima.
If you spill milk on your textbooks, it won’t result in annihilation — this word is much more serious. After an annihilation, there's nothing left but total, horrific destruction, like a wild fire completely wiping out a forest or a tsunami sweeping away a seaside town. This word has an end-of-the-world feel to it: many religions have stories of annihilation of some sort, resulting in the end of everything.
WORD FAMILY
annihilation: annihilations, self-annihilation+/ annihilate: annihilated, annihilates, annihilating, annihilation, annihilative, annihilator/annihilating: annihilatingly/annihilator: annihilators
USAGE EXAMPLES
The death of T1 was but one tile in this vast mosaic of annihilation.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
A last dissident group is currently under siege from Somali forces in the far north of Somalia, in semi-autonomous Puntland, and facing annihilation.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
“What’s the difference if we win 90 or 91 or 92? Who cares?” he said after a 43-point annihilation of Nebraska last week.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 歼灭; 灭绝; <物>（粒子与反粒子的）湮灭; 湮没
分布：湮灭(42%)，歼灭(38%)，消灭(20%)
消灭,歼灭[nihil=nothing,表示"无,不存在"]
VERB
歼灭；消灭；毁灭；彻底击溃
To annihilate something means to destroy it completely.
例：There are lots of ways of annihilating the planet...毁灭地球有很多方法。
例：The Army was annihilated.陆军被彻底击溃了。
VERB
（在竞赛或争论中）彻底击败，大胜
If you annihilate someone in a contest or argument, you totally defeat them.
例：The Dutch annihilated the Olympic champions 5-0.荷兰队以5比0完胜奥运冠军队。
n. 灭绝；消灭
 - extinction, eradication

Word: premier
Front: premier
[ˈpremiə(r)] (高研四六 7616/4066 -3)
Vocabulary: premier
(once / 266 pages)
adjnv
Premier is another way of saying “first” or “best” like the premier ice cream store on the block that always has a line snaking around the corner. In a political sense a premier is a head of state.
As adjective or noun, this word has to do with whatever’s first and foremost. Leaders of countries are often called premiers, since they’re the first, most important people in government — like how we call the President's wife the “First Lady.” If you’re referring to something that started first, is the best, or is the head of a country, choose premier unless first will do!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
premier / premiere
Choose your words:
Avon: Building The World's Premier/Premiere Company For Women
Namely, RJ has a choice to make, hence the season two premier/premiere title, "RJ's Choice."
In the first sentence, Avon is being described as the chief, or perhaps the earliest, company for women. The correct choice is premier. It entered English in 1448 from the Middle French premier, for first or chief, which comes from the Latin prīmarīus. A premier can also refer to a prime minister.
Premier Kathy Dunderdale says Danny Williams did not bring any concerns to her directly.
The first fruits of Bay of Plenty's premier rugby status are about to be harvested.
The second sentence discusses the first episode of a TV show's second season. This time we want premiere, meaning first public performance. This is also a borrowing from French, in this case from première in première representation, in 1889. This première is the feminine form of premier.
It makes it even more surprising a zero-budget production about the wall-crawling superhero was able to premiere first.
The Mainstage Season season will begin with the New York premiere of Itamar Moses' Completeness.
Premiere was first used as a verb, as in to have a first public performance, in 1940. It took several decades before critics allowed premiere to be used that way, but the usage is now considered standard.
WORD FAMILY
premier: premiers, premiership+/premiership: premierships
USAGE EXAMPLES
West Ham, meanwhile, drop from 12th to 13th in the Premier League table.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But no one here treats me like a Premier League footballer.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The problem today is that for these teams to play in the Premier League, they need to pay the wages of the Premier League.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 总理; 首相
adj. 第一的，首位的; 首要的; 最先的; 最早的
时态：premiered, premiering, premiers
分布：总理(85%)，首相(9%)，第一的(3%)，首位的(2%)，最初的(1%)
→来自中古法语premier,第一的，首要的，来自拉丁语primariuss,第一的，一流的，词源同prime,primary.后用于指首要，总理。
n.首相,总理Before the premier, the old soldier scolds the cold weather.老兵当着首相的面咒骂寒冷的天气.
US [prɪ'mɪr] adjective [before noun]
 ADVANCED
■best or most important 首位的，首要的
• He's one of the nation's premier scientists. 他是该国最重要的科学家之一。
UK ['prem.i.ər] US [prɪ'mɪr] noun countable
■(especially used in news reports) the leader of the government of a country, or of a large part of a country （尤用于新闻报道）总理，首相
adj. 第一的；最初的
 - initial, first, original
n. 总理，首相
 - chancellor, Taoiseach

Word: berate
Front: berate
[bɪˈreɪt] (托宝 15807/19213 -1)
Vocabulary: berate
(once / 8046 pages)
v
A strong verb for harshly cutting someone down with words is berate. "He didn't just correct the cashier who gave him the wrong change, he started to berate her, calling her names in front of the whole store."
When you berate someone it is more than just raising your voice at them; it implies putting them down by insulting their character. Berate comes from the 16th-century English and French for "to scold" or "to blame." Often the anger behind the scolding seems over-the-top, as in "When the young man behind the counter dropped the scoop of vanilla, the manager berated him excessively by declaring him worthless and weak."
WORD FAMILY
berate: berated, berates, berating+/berating: beratings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fact that she’s stayed in this bar for 12 years when all they do is berate her is amazing to me.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Kerr credits his father for his demeanor on the sideline as an N.B.A. coach: calm and quiet, mostly, and never one to berate a player.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
He berates you for hours, overreacts so wildly that you’re afraid of and avoid him, and most importantly refuses to listen.
Slate(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 严厉责备; 痛斥
时态：berated, berating, berates
分布：〈正式或文〉严厉责备(100%)
→前缀be-, 强调。rate, 责备，古词，同拉丁词reputare, 反复考量，词源同reputation, 名声。
【记】rate（vt 责骂）
【反】praise（vt 赞扬）；commend（vt 称赞）
[bɪ'reɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to criticize or speak in an angry manner to someone 严责，训斥
• As he left the meeting, he was berated by angry demonstrators. 会议结束后他离开时，遭到了愤怒的示威者责骂。
• Doctors are often berated for being poor communicators, particularly when they have to give patients bad news. 医生常常因不善于沟通而遭受指责，特别是当他们必须告诉病人坏消息的时候。
vt. 严责；申斥
 - keelhaul, come down on

Word: testicle
Front: testicle
[ˈtestɪkl] (15754/20606 -1)
Back: n. [解]睾丸; 精巢
分布：睾丸(100%)
→来自 testis,睾丸，-icle,小词后缀。
(specialized testis)
noun countable
■either of the two round male sex organs which produce sperm and are contained in the scrotum (= bag of skin) below and behind the penis 睾丸
n. [解剖] 睾丸
 - didymus, family jewels

Word: hatchery
Front: hatchery
[ˈhætʃəri] (托 15731/40138)
Back: n. （尤指鱼的）孵化场
分布：孵卵处(100%)
→hatch,孵化，-ery,名词后缀。
US [-ɚ-] noun countable
■a place where large numbers of eggs, especially fish eggs, are hatched and the young are taken care of （尤指鱼的）孵化场

Word: Israeli-Palestinian

Word: arbitrarily
Front: arbitrarily
['ɑ:bɪtrəlɪ] (15792/14306)
Vocabulary: arbitrarily
(once / 4190 pages)
adv
Something said or done arbitrarily is done randomly or without much thought — like when you arbitrarily eat whatever happens to be on the buffet table at your cousin's wedding.
The adverb arbitrarily describes something that's done haphazardly, based on random chance or on your own whim of the moment. If you go to a movie and know nothing about anything that's playing, you might arbitrarily choose one — based on the titles, the look of the posters, or on nothing at all. When there's not much reason behind your actions, they're done arbitrarily.
WORD FAMILY
arbitrary: arbitrarily, arbitrariness, nonarbitrary, unarbitrary
USAGE EXAMPLES
Also, the fact that death sentences are sometimes arbitrarily or unevenly assigned on the basis of race is untenable in a just world.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Jammeh is accused of arbitrarily detaining, torturing and sometimes killing political opponents.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Western sources said there were credible reports of people being arbitrarily arrested and executed in Aleppo, though there was a lack of firm information.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adv. 任意地; 武断地; 反复无常地; 肆意地
分布：武断地(40%)，专横地(30%)，任意地(30%)
ADJ-GRADED
武断的;任意的;任性的;主观的
If you describe an action, rule, or decision as arbitrary, you think that it is not based on any principle, plan, or system. It often seems unfair because of this.
例：Arbitrary arrests and detention without trial were common.随意逮捕和拘留屡见不鲜。
adv. 武断地；反复无常地；专横地
 - dogmatically, tyrannically

Word: unending
Front: unending
[ʌnˈendɪŋ] (15817/19193)
Back: adj. 无止境的，不停的，不断重复的
adv. 无止境地，不停地; 不断重复地
分布：不断的(51%)，永无止境的(27%)，不断重复的(22%)
slightly formal
adjective
■describes activities or events, especially unpleasant ones, when they seem to continue for ever （尤指令人不快的活动或事件）无休止的，没完没了的
• Motherhood seemed to her an unending cycle of cooking, washing and cleaning. 做母亲对她来讲似乎就是整天没完没了的做饭、洗衣和打扫清洁。
adj. 不断的，无止境的；经常被重复的
 - endless, ceaseless, loud, unceasing

Word: misread
Front: misread
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (15822/18481)
Vocabulary: misread
(once / 8704 pages)
v
To misread something is to read it but understand it in the wrong way. If you misread an article about local politics, you might end up supporting a candidate whose views you don't actually agree with.
When you interpret a book, online article, or magazine story incorrectly, you misread it. You can also misread people, when you don't understand how they feel or what they intend: "She tended to misread cranky customers at the coffee shop, thinking they were joking when they were actually angry about something." The prefix mis- means "bad" or "wrong," and read can mean both "comprehend printed matter" or "make out a person's character."
WORD FAMILY
misread: misreading, misreads+/misreading: misreadings/nonreader: nonreaders/ read: misread, readable, reader, reading, reads, reread, unread/ readable: readability, readably/ reader: nonreader, readers, readership / readership: readerships/ reading: readings/ reread: rereading, rereads/unread: unreadable/unreadable: unreadably
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, when father’s misread their children’s anger, the teens are more likely to become aggressive.
Time(Dec 16, 2016)
Gackley wrote that he regretted the book was “being misread as the very act of hate and bigotry that the work was meant to expose.”
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
These include: misreading your audience, bad timing, droning on and lying.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vt. 读错，念错，对…判断错误
时态：misread, misreading, misreads
分布：误解(48%)，看错(28%)，读错(22%)，动词misread的过去式与过去分词.(2%)
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (misread, misread)
verb transitive
READ WRONGLY 看错
■to make a mistake in the way that you read something 读错；看错；误读
• I was given the wrong tablets when the chemist misread my prescription. 药剂师看错了我的处方，给错了药。
[ˌmɪs'ri:d] (misread, misread)
verb transitive
JUDGE WRONGLY 误判
■to judge a situation wrongly 误解；错误判断
• I thought he fancied me, but I'd completely misread the signals. 我想他喜欢我，但我完全误解了那些暗示。
vt. 误解；看错；读错
 - mistake, misperceive

Word: relapse
Front: relapse
[rɪˈlæps] (托雅宝 15889/13061 -1)
Vocabulary: relapse
(once / 1076 pages)
vn
A relapse is a decline, especially of someone's health. If your grandmother survived cancer only to have it return two years later, you could say she suffered a relapse.
Relapse implies that someone has recovered from an illness and slid back into a worse state, like when you are getting over a cold but then you suddenly feel bad all over again. Unwanted behavior can also be described this way; if you find yourself biting your nails again, it's a nail-biting relapse. The Latin word relabi is the root of relapse, slip back.
WORD FAMILY
relapse: relapsed, relapses, relapsing+/ lapse: lapsed, lapses, lapsing, relapse
USAGE EXAMPLES
Doctors carefully cut back on chemo and radiation for patients who seemed unlikely to relapse.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Goldman said he is hopeful that a relapse won’t occur.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
But like others here, she is afraid of relapsing.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vi. （病）再发，复发; 故态复萌; 再度堕落; 再陷邪道
n. [医]再发，旧病复发; 复旧，故态复萌; 退步; 堕落
时态：relapsed, relapsing, relapses
分布：复发(83%)，故态复萌(12%)，再发(2%)，重陷(2%)，再陷入(1%)
→re-,再，重新，lapse,滑落。引申词义复发。
(病)复发;(罪)累犯(re再+lapse→一再滑下去→再次犯病等)[laps=slip,表示"滑,滑走"]
【记】re再，lapse（n 失误；v 堕入；下降）－再犯错误
formal
verb intransitive /rɪˈlæps/
■to become ill or start behaving badly again, after making an improvement （病好转后）复发；故态复萌；重新堕落
• She managed to stop using drugs for a month, but then relapsed. 她坚持了一个月没有吸毒，但是接着又故态复萌。
• He looked happy for a brief while, before relapsing into silent misery. 有那么一小会他看上去很幸福，但接着又陷入了无言的苦恼中。
formal
noun countable /ˈriː.læps/
■If someone who is getting better after an illness has a relapse, they become ill again 旧病复发
• She was looking quite healthy on Friday, but she had/suffered a relapse over the weekend and was taken back into hospital. 周五的时候她看上去还很健康，但到了周末病情复发，又被送回了医院。
n. [医] 复发，再发；故态复萌；回复原状
 - recrudescency, palindromia

Word: aria
Front: aria
[ˈɑ:riə] (托宝 15746/16457 -1)
Vocabulary: aria
(once / 2528 pages)
n
An aria is an elaborate song written specifically for a solo voice. If you find yourself belting out "Che gelida manina" from La Boheme in the shower, you’ve just been performing an aria.
The word aria comes from the Italian and means "air." The word is often used to describe songs from operas. Two famous ones include “L’amour est un oiseau rebelle” — "Love is a rebellious bird" — and “O mio bambino caro” — "Oh my dear Papa!" It is sometimes used almost metaphorically to describe someone’s impressive solo performance of any type. Arias within opera, and classical music in general, are almost always accompanied by instrumental music, but there is only one voice.
WORD FAMILY
aria: arias
USAGE EXAMPLES
Instead, he’ll be home, watching Aria continue to work on her balance.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Damrau dispatched the aria with rosy sound, agile coloratura and girlish glee.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The sheer range of musical expression is astonishing: pastoral reveries, woodland scenes, romantic arias, heroic dramas, historical legends and visions of spiritual strife.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 咏叹调; 唱腔，唱段
分布：咏叹调(70%)，唱腔(30%)
【记】ar读：啊，ia表示病－整天啊的病－独唱曲
US ['ɑ:r.i-] noun countable
■a song sung by one person in an opera 咏叹调；独唱曲
n. 咏叹调，独唱曲
 - arioso

Word: baboon
Front: baboon
[bəˈbu:n] (托 15908/17111)
Vocabulary: baboon
(once / 3704 pages)
n
A baboon is a type of African monkey. Baboons have long snouts that resemble dogs' muzzles.
Baboons have thick fur, short tails, and prominent noses. They are ground-dwelling monkeys, and in the wild they form complex families and groups with higher- and lower-ranking members. If you visit a zoo with a primate area, you'll probably see baboons. The Old French word for baboon is baboin, or "ape," which might come from baboue, "muzzle" or "grimace."
WORD FAMILY
baboon: baboonish, baboons
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also worked on plays such as Tom Stoppard’s “Jumpers,” John Guare’s “Four Baboons Adoring the Sun” and a revival of “The Front Page.”
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The acquisitions included three yellow baboons from Somalia, two white kangaroos from Australia and a two-toed sloth named Sylvester, donated by a U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Visitors should be warned not to feed or fraternise with the baboon troop that calls the mountains above Smits their home.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 狒狒
分布：狒狒(100%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿狒狒发出的声音。
noun countable
■a type of large monkey found in Africa and Asia, which has a long pointed face like a dog and large teeth 狒狒
n. [脊椎] 狒狒
 - gelada, hamadryas

Word: authoritarianism
Front: authoritarianism
[ɔ:ˌθɒrɪ'teərɪənɪsm] (15860/21665)
Vocabulary: authoritarianism
(once / 32471 pages)
n
Political scientists use the term authoritarianism to describe a way of governing that values order and control over personal freedom. A government run by authoritarianism is usually headed by a dictator.
The noun authoritarianism is most often used in a negative context, to describe a government with absolute control over the population. This kind of government uses military threats, suppression of a free press, and disinformation to manage the people over whom it rules. Many people consider China to be an example of an authoritarian government today. The word itself can be traced back to the Latin auctor, "master, leader, or author."
WORD FAMILY
authoritarian: antiauthoritarian, authoritarianism, authoritarians+/authorisation: authorisations/authorise: authorisation, authorised, authoriser, authorises, authorising/authorised: unauthorised/ authoritative: authoritatively/ authority: authorise, authoritarian, authoritative, authorities, authorize / authorization: authorizations/ authorize: authorization, authorizer, authorizes, authorizing/authorizer: authorizers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Bourdain said that while he fears Mr. Trump’s election is a foreshadowing of “authoritarianism,” conservatives do not own full culpability for the political landscape.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Mr. Putin’s toxic blend of authoritarianism and assertive nationalism is gaining adherents across Europe and inspiring autocrats around the world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
His behavior and cabinet choices reek with the stench of authoritarianism and oligarchy.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 权力主义，独裁主义
分布：权威主义(42%)，权力主义(41%)，专制主义(17%)
N-UNCOUNT
独裁主义
Authoritarianism is the state of being authoritarian or the belief that people with power, especially the State, have the right to control other people's actions.
例：...the long revolt against authoritarianism.对独裁主义的长期反抗

Word: succinctly
Front: succinctly
[sək'sɪŋktlɪ] (15803/13925)
Vocabulary: succinctly
(once / 7792 pages)
adv
To say something succinctly is to say it briefly, fitting your points into one concise statement. It's a talent rarely enjoyed and much appreciated. You succinctly stated your case and sat down to great applause, not to mention great relief.
The adverb succinctly derives from the Latin succinctus,"to gird from below, or gather up one's clothes." It referred to gathering together loose clothing and cinching it with a belt. Speaking succinctly reduces the volume of a speech to the main idea, like a belt might reduce the visual volume of an outfit. If your audience seems to be drowning in a pile of verbal fabric, you need to speak more succinctly.
WORD FAMILY
succinct: succincter, succinctest, succinctly, succinctness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Sinatra finished the letter succinctly: “Trust me. I’ve been there.”
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
One even told me, “You escaped a burning house,” and I long thought this succinctly captured my experience.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
“It becomes hard to talk about succinctly,” she said, “because it’s just so unthinkable.”
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 简洁地; 简洁地，简便地
分布：简洁地(75%)，简明地(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
简洁的;简明的;简要的
Something that is succinct expresses facts or ideas clearly and in few words.
例：The book gives an admirably succinct account of the technology and its history...这本书极其简明扼要地介绍了这项技术及其发展史。
例：If you have something to say make sure that it is accurate, succinct and to the point.在阐述观点时一定要准确、简洁、中肯。
adv. 简洁地；简便地
 - laconically, sententiously

Word: dismay
Front: dismay
[dɪsˈmeɪ] (研六托雅宝 9018/7726 -2)
Vocabulary: dismay
(once / 330 pages)
nv
If you discover late Sunday night that the dog really did eat your homework, you might cry out in dismay. Dismay describes an emotional state of alarm, fear, or serious disappointment.
The first part of dismay comes from the Latin prefix dis-, which comes in handy when you want to put a negative spin on words (dishonest, discount, disenchant, etc.). The last bit of dismay most likely comes from the Germanic word magan, meaning "to be able to." You can employ the word dismay to describe how you feel in a variety of negative situations that you doubt you are able to handle.
WORD FAMILY
dismay: dismayed, dismaying, dismays+/ dismayed: dismayedly, undismayed/dismaying: dismayingly/undismayed: undismayedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Officials expressed dismay over the scenes of slaughter in the Compaj prison, which held more than 1,200 inmates, about triple its official capacity.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“It dismays me that this is a part of the political process,” he said.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Construction began in 2007, to the dismay of some businesses and residents who endured shaking, clanging and dust as the work proceeded.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vt. 使惊愕，使焦虑，使气馁
n. 惊愕，气馁
时态：dismayed, dismaying, dismays
分布：沮丧(92%)，绝望(4%)，使 ... 沮丧(2%)，使 ... 惊愕(2%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-may, 权力，力量，词源同may, might. 原指剥夺权力或者力量，引申义灰心，丧气。
沮丧(dis+may能够→不能做事→沮丧;参考:五月能种粮食,所以叫may)[dis-①表示"不,消失掉"②表示"分开,分离"]
n./v.(使)沮丧;(使)惊慌;(使)失望,(使)绝望"The gay mayor maybe lay in the hay by the Baby bay," he says in dismay.他沮丧地说:"快活的市长大概躺在婴儿湾边上的干草中."
【记】dis不，may也许：也许不能上2000分－使气馁
【反】hearten（v 鼓励）
noun uncountable
■a feeling of unhappiness and disappointment 沮丧，灰心，失望
• Aid workers were said to have been filled with dismay by the appalling conditions that the refugees were living in. 据说援助人员看到难民所处的恶劣生活环境时都感到非常沮丧。
• The supporters watched in/with dismay as their team lost 6-0. 球队的支持者们郁闷地看着自己的球队以０比６的比分输掉了比赛。
• She discovered, to her dismay, that her exam was a whole month earlier than she'd expected. 她郁闷地发现考试比她预料的早了整整一个月。
n. 沮丧，灰心；惊慌
 - depression, alarm, disappointment
vt. 使沮丧；使惊慌
 - depress, dispirit

Word: bough
Front: bough
[baʊ] (四六宝 15790/14793)
Vocabulary: bough
(once / 412 pages)
n
A bough is a large branch from a tree. You know: “When the bough breaks, the cradle will fall...” A “lullaby” about a baby careening to the ground from a broken branch? (Nice.)
The original “Hush-a-bye” rhyme, some scholars say, was modified in America to reflect pilgrim children’s observations of Native American mothers hanging cradles from tree branches so that the wind would rock their babies to sleep. Why do poets use bough when branch and limb mean the same thing? Well, maybe because more words rhyme with bough than with those others. Also, “holly boughs” and “blossomy boughs” sound much more musical than “branches.” What rhymes with branches? Cattle ranches?
WORD FAMILY
bough: boughless, boughs
USAGE EXAMPLES
After too many bank branches and drugstores, we lost faith in the possibility of evergreen boughs in the suburbs.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
SAT Evergreen cuttings and materials to make them into wreaths and boughs, 9 a.m.-1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
All too often a seller bough the car cheap and is trying to resell for a quick buck, without regard to maintenance.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 大树枝
分布：大树枝(100%)
→来自PIE *bhagus, 肘，手臂。
literary
noun countable
■a large branch of a tree 大树枝，粗树枝
shoot, bough, branch, limb
这组词都有“枝”的意思，其区别是：
shoot: 指植物或灌木刚长出的新枝、嫩枝或嫩芽。
bough: 指主枝或粗大强壮的枝。
branch: 普通用词，泛指树木比bough小一些的大枝或小枝，也可用于引申意义。
limb: 多指主枝或大枝。

Word: reassemble
Front: reassemble
[ˌri:əˈsembl] (15828/18742)
Vocabulary: reassemble
(once / 6318 pages)
v
When you rebuild something, you reassemble it. You might find that taking apart your bicycle is easy. but things may get much more complicated when you try to reassemble it.
After you remove the legs from your kitchen table so you can move it through a narrow door into another room, you'll have to reassemble it. You can also use this verb to mean "gather together again," like when your art class visits a museum, where the students spread out to see different exhibits and then reassemble in the lobby later in the day.
WORD FAMILY
reassemble: reassembled, reassembles, reassembling+/ assemblage: assemblages/ assemble: assemblage, assembled, assembler, assembles, assembling, disassemble, preassemble, reassemble /assembler: assemblers/assembling: assemblings/ disassemble: disassembled, disassembles, disassembling, disassembly/preassemble: preassembled
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now those scattered parts must be reassembled before the plant begins delivering parts in January.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
It was clear from the start that Mrs. Clinton was struggling to reassemble the Obama coalition.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Then it was packed up, brought down to the main floor and reassembled a few weeks ago for Christmas.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 重新组装; 重新装配; 重新召集
时态：reassembled, reassembling, reassembles
分布：重装(50%)，再聚集(25%)，再汇编(25%)
→re-,再，重新，assemble,装配。
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to come together again, or bring something together again, in a single place 再集合；（使）重新聚集
• After lunch, the class reassembled. 午饭后，全班再次集中到一起。
transitive
■to make something again by joining its separate parts together 重新装配；再次组装
• Investigators have been reassembling the wreckage of the plane. 事故调查专家一直在拼合飞机残骸。
vt. 重新装配；重新召集
 - repackage

Word: alright
Front: alright
[ɔ:lˈraɪt] (12274/2117 -1)
Vocabulary: alright
(once / 17909 pages)
advadj
Alright is the informal way of writing "all right." It can stand in for "okay," like the sandwich you had for lunch that was just alright — it was neither great nor terrible.
In a nutshell, alright means "fine" or "satisfactory": "Are the kids alright on that Ferris wheel?" You can use it to show that you agree with something someone said: "Oh alright, I get it." This one-word spelling of "all right" is okay when texting with your friends, but don't use it when you are looking to impress, such as in a thank-you letter following a job interview.
WORD FAMILY
alright
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was like, ‘Alright, well then why don’t you sit in with our cello section on ‘Mission Impossible’?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
When Calvin saw Wilson after the fight, everything was far from being alright.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Alright, so you and I really need to get motivated.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adv. 好的; 正确; 令人满意
adj. 没问题的
分布：没问题的(30%)，很好(20%)，令人满意(14%)，满意的(14%)，=all right(11%)，没问题地(11%)
→来自复合词all right .
US [ɑ:l-] adjective adverb exclamation
 ESSENTIAL
■ all right
adj. 没问题的
 - okey-doke, oke
adv. 好吧（等于all right）
 - OK.

Word: giving
Front: giving
['gɪvɪŋ] (15823/14231)
Back: n. 礼物，给予物
v. 给予，赠送( give的现在分词 ); （与名词连用描述某一动作，意义与该名词相应的动词相同）; 供给; 交给
分布：给予(75%)，给予物(19%)，动词give的现在分词.(6%)
VERB
（与表示身体动作的名词连用，表示该动作）
You can use give with nouns that refer to physical actions. The whole expression refers to the performing of the action. For example, She gave a smile means almost the same as 'She smiled'.
例：She stretched her arms out and gave a great yawn...她伸了个懒腰，打了个大哈欠。
例：Giving a sigh, she fell to her knees at my feet...她叹了一口气，跪倒在我脚边。
VERB
为…做；提供
You use give to say that a person does something for another person. For example, if you give someone a lift, you take them somewhere in your car.
例：I gave her a lift back out to her house...我让她搭我的便车回家。
例：He was given mouth-to-mouth resuscitation...对他进行了口对口的人工呼吸。
VERB
（与表示信息、意见、问候等的名词连用）提供，给出，传递，告诉
You use give with nouns that refer to information, opinions, or greetings to indicate that something is communicated. For example, if you give someone some news, you tell it to them.
例：He gave no details...他未透露细节。
例：Would you like to give me your name?...我能知道您的姓名吗？
VERB
预计将（持续或达到…）
You use give to say how long you think something will last or how much you think something will be.
例：A BBC poll gave the Labour Party a 12 per cent lead...英国广播公司的一项民意调查预计工党将领先12个百分点。
例：Ted and his lawyers gave the company 11 months to sell off everything.特德和他的律师们预计这家公司在11个月的时间内将变卖所有东西。
VERB
毫不在乎
People use give in expressions such as I don't give a damn to show that they do not care about something.
例：They don't give a damn about the country.他们对这个国家毫不关心。
VERB
使产生（某种想法或印象）
If someone or something gives you a particular idea or impression, it causes you to have that idea or impression.
例：They gave me the impression that they were doing exactly what they wanted in life...他们给我的印象是，他们正在做自己人生中想做的事情。
例：The examiner's final report does not give an accurate picture.这位核查员的最终报告没有准确反映事实。
VERB
使身体感到…；使产生（某种情绪）
If someone or something gives you a particular physical or emotional feeling, it makes you experience it.
例：He gave me a shock...他使我大吃一惊。
例：It will give great pleasure to the many thousands of children who visit the hospital each year.这将为每年成千上万来医院求诊的儿童带来很大快乐。
VERB
作（表演或演说）
If you give a performance or speech, you perform or speak in public.
例：Kotto gives a stupendous performance...科托的表演令人惊叹。
例：I am sure you remember Mrs Butler who gave us such an interesting talk last year.我相信你一定还记得巴特勒夫人，去年她给我们作了一次非常有意思的演讲。
VERB
给予，予以（考虑或关注）
If you give something thought or attention, you think about it, concentrate on it, or deal with it.
例：I've been giving it some thought...这件事我已经考虑了一阵子。
例：Priority will be given to those who apply early.早申请者将获优先考虑。
VERB
举办（聚会等）
If you give a party or other social event, you organize it.
例：That evening, I gave a dinner party for a few close friends.那天晚上，我设宴招待几位好朋友。
n. 给予；礼物；给予物
 - gift, present, tribute
v. 给；赠送（give的ing形式）；付出；产生
 - resulting, presenting

Word: hustle
Front: hustle
[ˈhʌsl] (托 9394/15380 -1)
Vocabulary: hustle
(once / 1010 pages)
1vn 2vn
To hustle something means to hurriedly push it along. If you overslept, you'll have to hustle out of the house to get to work on time.
Hustle comes from the Dutch word for "shake" or "toss." As a noun, a hustle is a busy, hurried scene, like the hustle of the subway at rush hour. We also call the act of swindling a hustle, because it happens so fast. As a verb, hustle can either mean to swindle someone or to hurry them, or to work hard. You can hustle someone out the door. If you hustle, you can earn good tips as a waiter.
WORD FAMILY
hustle: hustled, hustler, hustles, hustling+/hustler: hustlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ryan marvels at how hard he practices, how calm he is on game day, and how much the offense feeds off his hustle.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
During one skirmish, Siatta said, he hit a Taliban fighter carrying a machine gun as he hustled across a bridge.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They checked I.D.s and hustled the young men toward a row of police vans.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 催促; 硬挤，乱推; 硬逼，逼使; 强夺
vi. 赶紧; 硬挤过去; 拼命挣钱
n. 忙碌，奔忙; 挤，推; 拥挤喧嚷
时态：hustled, hustling, hustles
分布：催促(35%)，推搡(33%)，赶紧做(13%)，欺诈(13%)，忙乱(6%)
→来自荷兰语hutselen,摇动，搅拌，扔，后受英语拼写习惯影响字母t,s置换，词干hot-,hut-在日耳曼语系中义为摇动。进入英语后引申词义前后摇摆，摆来摆去，引申词义猛推，猛挤，强迫，以及妓女拉客，骗子骗钱等。受美国电影的影响，开始出现褒义化，如侠盗，神偷等，参照电影《美国骗局》。
verb
PUSH 推
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to make someone move quickly by pushing or pulling them along 猛推；推挤
• After giving his speech, Johnson was hustled out of the hall by bodyguards. 演讲结束后，约翰逊被保镖们簇拥着出了大厅。
['hʌs.l] verb
PERSUADE 劝说
intransitive or transitive mainly US informal
■to try to persuade someone, especially to buy something, often illegally （尤指非法地）兜揽（生意），兜售
• to hustle for business/customers 兜揽生意／招揽顾客
• They made a living hustling stolen goods on the streets. 他们靠着在街上兜售赃物为生。
['hʌs.l] noun uncountable
hustle and bustle
■all the noise and activity 喧闹嘈杂
• I love the hustle and bustle of the marketplace. 我喜欢街市里面熙来攘往的热闹。
vt. 催促；猛推；强夺
 - crowd, urge
vi. 赶紧；硬挤过去；拼命挣钱
 - make haste, jump to it
n. 推；奔忙；拥挤喧嚷
 - push, jundy

Word: slosh
Front: slosh
[slɒʃ] (15765/24289)
Vocabulary: slosh
(once / 12641 pages)
v
When liquid things slosh, they move with a splash. If you stumble as you're carrying a cup of coffee to the table, your coffee may slosh over the edge of the cup.
Only something that's wet can slosh — water might slosh around in the bottom of a leaky rowboat, and soapsuds can slosh in a bathtub when a happy kid gets in. You can slosh tea into a mug, or slosh through puddles in your rain boots. The 1800's meaning of slosh was "slush or sludge," and the Middle English definition was "muddy place," probably from a combination of slush and slop.
WORD FAMILY
slosh: sloshed, sloshes, sloshing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Sloshing is a really complicated thing,” she said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
Soldiers carried the coffins into the stadium, sloshing through the muddy field filled with funeral wreaths, club and national flags, and other tributes.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
While low rates sound great, the central bank got jittery that there was too much cash sloshing around.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 溅，泼，泼溅在…上
vi. （尤指钱）大量存在; 涉水而行; （液体）（在容器里）晃荡作响; （在液体里）出声地四处移动
时态：sloshed, sloshing, sloshes
分布：搅动(49%)，在泥中荡(19%)，泼溅(14%)，雪泥(9%)，泼溅声(9%)
US [slɑ:ʃ] informal
verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■(of a liquid) to move around noisily in the bottom of a container, or to cause liquid to move around in this way by making rough movements （液体在容器底部）哗啦哗啦地翻动；使晃荡；使溅泼
• I could hear you sloshing around in the bath. 我能听见你在浴缸里哗啦哗啦洗澡的声音。
• We sloshed through the puddles. 我们哗啦哗啦地涉过水坑。
• She sloshed (= poured without care) some more brandy into her glass. 她往杯子里又胡乱倒了些白兰地。
vi. 溅，泼；在泥中荡
 - splosh
vt. 搅动，晃动；把……泼溅出
 - churn
n. 泥泞；溅泼声
 - sludge, miriness

Word: springboard
Front: springboard
[ˈsprɪŋbɔ:d] (托 15806/15255)
Back: n. （有助于成功的）跳板; （跳水、体操等体育运动中的）跳板，踏板
分布：跳板(82%)，出发点(18%)
→spring,跳，board,板。
US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
SPORT 运动
■a board that can bend which helps you to jump higher when jumping or diving into a swimming pool or when doing gymnastics （跳水或体操中的）跳板
UK ['sprɪŋ.bɔ:d] US [-bɔ:rd] noun countable
GOOD START 好的开始
■something which provides you either with the opportunity to follow a particular plan of action, or the encouragement that is needed to make it successful （提供动力的）跳板；（有助于开展某事的）出发点，开端
• The firm's director is confident that the new project will act as a springboard for/to further contracts. 公司主管确信，新企划案将会是一个开端，随后会有更多的合约。
n. 跳板；出发点
 - walks, gang-plank

Word: ref
Front: ref
[ref] (15784/2074 -1)
Vocabulary: ref
(once / 5082 pages)
n
A ref is the person who arbitrates conflicts during a sports match or game, and makes sure everyone's playing by the rules. If your team gets a bad call, blame the ref.
Ref is shorthand for referee, which until the mid-1800s meant "a person who examines patent applications." By 1856, a referee was a baseball official, and the nickname ref followed soon after. You can use this word as a noun, for the person wearing a striped shirt and running up and down the edge of the football field — or a verb, to mean "officiate at a sporting event."
WORD FAMILY
ref: refs
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We lost that game. I think it’s ... that the NBA throws the refs under the bus like that.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
"The refs didn't lose us that game," Durant said in an interview on Tuesday after the NBA said he was fouled.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“I mean, that’s on the ref,” Davis said of the controversial call.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 裁判员
分布：裁判员(100%)
noun countable
SPORT 体育
 ADVANCED informal abbreviation for
■ referee (JUDGE)
[ref] noun countable
BUSINESS 商业 written abbreviation for
■ reference

Word: ideologue
Front: ideologue
[ˈaɪdiəlɒg] (15814/23191)
Back: n. 意识形态的拥护者，思想意识的盲目追从者
分布：理论家(49%)，空想家(35%)，思想家(16%)
→来自idea,想象，想法，主意，-logue,说，词源同dialogue.引申词义空想家，理论家。
US [-lɑ:g] formal
noun countable
■a person who believes very strongly in particular principles and tries to follow them carefully 思想（体系）的追随者（或倡导者）
n. 思想家，理论家，空想家
 - thinker, theorist

Word: structurally
Front: structurally
['strʌktʃərəlɪ] (15778/15039)
Back: adv. 在结构上
分布：副词(95%)，名词(5%)
ADJ
结构上的;构造上的
Structural means relating to or affecting the structure of something.
例：The explosion caused little structural damage to the office towers themselves.爆炸对办公大楼本身几乎没有造成结构上的损坏。

Word: self-consciousness
Front: self-consciousness
[ˈselfˈkɔnʃəsnɪs] None
Back: n. 害羞; 自觉意识，不自然
分布：自我意识(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
忸怩的;害羞的;难为情的;不自然的
Someone who is self-conscious is easily embarrassed and nervous because they feel that everyone is looking at them and judging them.
例：I felt a bit self-conscious in my swimming costume...我穿着游泳衣觉得有点害羞。
例：Bess was self-conscious about being shorter than her two friends.贝丝因比她的两个朋友个子都矮而感到很不自在。
ADJ-GRADED
有强烈自我意识的;高度自觉的
If you describe someone or something as self-conscious, you mean that they are strongly aware of who or what they are.
例：They were forged by them, moreover, into a self-conscious nation as early as the 10th century...另外，早在10世纪，他们就被其锻造成了一个具有自我意识的民族。
例：Putting the work together is a very self-conscious process.把作品整个呈现出来是一个显示出强烈自我意识的过程。

Word: unannounced
Front: unannounced
[ˌʌnəˈnaʊnst] (15841/20162 -1)
Back: adj. 未经宣布的; 未通知的
分布：未通知的(48%)，未经宣布的(41%)，未打招呼的(11%)
adjective adverb
■If a person's arrival somewhere is unannounced, it is sudden and unexpected （某人的到来）未通知的（地），未打招呼的（地）；突然的（地）
• She appeared unannounced and took control of the meeting. 她突然出现并控制了会议。
[ˌʌn.ə'naʊntst] adjective
■not made publicly known 未宣布的，未公布的
• The Texan singer will be supported by two other bands, as yet unannounced. 这位德克萨斯歌手将由另外两支乐队伴奏，但还没公布是哪两支乐队。
adj. 突然的；未经宣布的；未通知的
 - sudden, abrupt

Word: choke
Front: choke
[tʃəʊk] (高研四六托雅宝 5223/6075 -2)
Vocabulary: choke
(once / 294 pages)
1v 2v 3v 4v 5nv 6n
When you choke, you are suddenly unable to breathe, often because something is stuck in your throat. Your dad's rude joke might make you gasp and choke on your grilled cheese sandwich.
You might choke in a smoky room, or choke on a grape that's lodged halfway down your throat. In either case, your body can't get enough oxygen. People also choke up with emotion, figuratively choking on their sobs. Likewise, a child might complain, "This scarf chokes me!" — it's uncomfortably tight, but he's not literally unable to breathe. When the weeds in your garden outnumber the vegetables, you can also say they choke, or crowd, your plants.
WORD FAMILY
choke: choked, choker, chokes, choking+/choked: chokedly/choker: chokers/choking: chokings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Every time I see it, I kind of get choked up,” Alves said.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sellinger tried to steal the motorcycle from a 70-year-old man and was trying to choke him before bystanders intervened, authorities said.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Curtis fled on foot after he was pulled over, then tried to choke the officer when he caught up with Curtis.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 阻止，扼止; 填塞; 使窒息; 哽咽
n. 窒息，哽咽; 拥塞; （车辆发动机的）阻风门
时态：choked, choking, chokes
分布：窒息(46%)，抑制(17%)，阻塞(17%)，阻风门(11%)，使窒息(7%)，使说不出话(1%)，说不出话(1%)
→由cheek衍生出来的词，词义由脸颊引申为窒息。
v.窒息,噎住;闷塞,堵塞,阻塞The smoke choked the joking stroker at one stroke.烟一下呛住了开玩笑的抚摩者.
US [tʃoʊk] verb
STOP BREATHING 停止呼吸
intransitive or transitive
■If you choke, or if something chokes you, you stop breathing because something is blocking your throat （使）窒息；（使）哽噎；（使）呼吸困难
• She choked to death on a fish bone. 她被鱼刺鲠住后窒息而死。
• Children can choke on peanuts. 小孩子吃花生会噎住的。
• Peanuts can choke a small child. 花生会噎住小孩。
transitive
■to make someone stop breathing by pressing their throat with the hands （掐住喉咙）使停止呼吸，使窒息
UK [tʃəʊk] US [tʃoʊk] verb
FILL 充满
transitive usually passive (also choke up)
■to fill something such as a road or pipe, so that nothing can pass through 堵塞，阻塞；塞满
• At lunchtime the streets were choked with traffic. 午餐时间大街上塞车。
UK [tʃəʊk] US [tʃoʊk] verb
FAIL 失败
intransitive (also choke it) informal
■(usually in sports) to fail to do something at a time when it is urgent, usually because you suddenly lose confidence （通常指在运动中关键时刻因丧失信心而）失败；怯场
• He could score points at will during the qualifying matches, but in the final he completely choked. 他在预选赛中总能随心所欲地得分，可到了决赛发挥就完全失常了。
UK [tʃəʊk] US [tʃoʊk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] choke sth back
■If you choke back feelings or tears, you force yourself not to show how angry or upset you are 抑制，强忍住（情感或眼泪）
• Choking back my anger, I tried to speak calmly. 我强忍怒气，尽量平静地说话。
• "John has had an accident, " she said, choking back the tears. “约翰出车祸了，”她强忍住眼泪说。
UK [tʃəʊk] US [tʃoʊk] noun countable or uncountable
■a device in a motor vehicle, that changes the amount of air going into the engine, allowing more fuel compared to air to go in and therefore making the engine easier to start （汽车上的）阻风门，阻塞门
vt. 呛；使窒息；阻塞；抑制；扑灭
 - control, stay, restrain
vi. 窒息；阻塞；说不出话来
 - plug up, block up
n. 窒息；噎； [动力] 阻气门
 - asphyxia, apnea

Word: puny
Front: puny
[ˈpju:ni] (宝 15824/19445)
Vocabulary: puny
(once / 2456 pages)
adj
Are your muscles looking small, weak, and totally inferior? In other words, puny? Sounds like somebody needs to eat more spinach.
Tiny, shrimpy, wimpy and totally unthreatening. That's puny in a nutshell — a very small, totally lame looking nutshell. It's most often used to describe someone's inferior physique, but can also apply to anything little that's not about to get in your way. A puny mountain would be no challenge to an Olympic skier, just as a puny plate of hot dogs would be laughable to a world speed-eating champion.
WORD FAMILY
puny: punier, puniest, punily, puniness, punyer
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unpersuaded by the prospect of sunshine after two days of rain, Baffert yanked Arrogate, thus shrinking an already puny field to a wagering-unfriendly four.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“He gets our puny human brain to appreciate five dimensions.”
Nature(Dec 14, 2016)
You’ve heard the horror stories about many Americans retiring with puny nest eggs and little income to live on.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 小于一般尺寸的; 微不足道的; 弱小的; 微弱的
级别：punier, puniest
分布：微不足道的(65%)，微小的(25%)，瘦弱的(10%)
→来自古法语puisne,最小的，最后出生的，来自puis,以后，在后，来自拉丁语post,在后。-ne,出生，词源同natal.引申词义小的，弱的，劣质的，孱弱的。
【记】源于：pony（小马）pu扑，ny你：我敢扑上去打你，是因为你体格弱小的
【参】enormous（adj 巨大的）
adjective
■small; weak; not effective 小的；弱的；微不足道的；无效的
• a puny little man 瘦小的男人
• My car only has a puny little engine. 我的车只有一个马力很小的引擎。
• The party's share of the vote rose from a puny 11% in the last election to 21% this time. 该党的得票率从上次选举中可怜的11%上升到这次的21%。
adj. 弱小的；微不足道的；微小的
 - tiny, micro, minute, bit

Word: encampment
Front: encampment
[ɪnˈkæmpmənt] (15809/20638)
Back: n. 露营，宿营，营地
分布：营地(76%)，扎营(15%)，设营(6%)，野营(3%)
noun countable
■a group of tents or temporary shelters put in one place （临时）营地，营帐
• Many people are living in encampments around the city with no electricity or running water. 很多人生活在城市周边一些没有电力和自来水供应的临时营地里。
n. 营地；露营
 - camping out, camping trip

Word: cable
Front: cable
[ˈkeɪbl] (研四六托雅 2003/3033 -K3)
Vocabulary: cable
(once / 226 pages)
1nv 2n 3nv 4n
A cable can be a strong and thick hemp or steel rope, or a conductor for sending electrical or optical signals.
Cable has a bunch of meanings — ranging from communication cables to steel cables. With new online services that stream your favorite show on demand, cable television may become a thing of the past. If your adventurous kids have convinced you to install a zip line, then you better find a steel cable. In the age of email, chances are you'll never have a reason to send someone an overseas cable.
WORD FAMILY
cable: cabled, cables, cabling
USAGE EXAMPLES
She also recommends selling what you don’t need and cutting unnecessary expenses, such as premium cable.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The fall campaign was an unending national nightmare, broadcast relentlessly on cable TV.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
In 1985, two people died at Keystone Resort after the welding on the large wheel used to pull the cable failed.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 缆绳，绳索; [电学]电缆; （系船用的）缆绳; （船只、桥梁等上的）巨缆
vt. 发电报至; 电传; 固定系牢
vi. 拍发电报
时态：cabled, cabling, cables
分布：缆(48%)，电缆(37%)，索(9%)，电报(5%)，发电报(1%)
→来自词根cap, 抓，拿，握，词源同accept, capture. 原指抓动物的绳索。
n.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报It's a fable that the cable enables the disabled man to be able to walk.电缆使得残疾人能够行走是天方夜谭.
noun
WIRE 电线
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■a set of wires, covered by plastic, that carries electricity, telephone signals, etc. （传输电、电话讯号等的）电缆
• a length of cable 一根电缆
• The road has been dug up in order to lay cables. 道路已被挖开，以便铺设电缆。
• overhead power cables 高架电缆
['keɪ.bl] noun
SYSTEM 系统
 ADVANCED uncountable
■the system of sending television programmes or telephone signals along wires under the ground （电视节目或电话讯号的）有线传输系统
• The office has gone over to cable. 办公室改用有线系统了。
• cable TV 有线电视
• This channel is only available on cable. 这个频道只有透过有线电视才能收到。
cable, telegraph, telegram
这组词都有“电报”的意思，其区别是：
cable: 通常指通过海底电缆打的电报，也可指广义的电报。
telegraph: 侧重指通信方式和电报业各，不可数名词，表想象概念。
telegram: 常用词，指通过电报系统发出的信息，尤指具体的一份份电报。
n. [电] 电缆；海底电报
 - electrical conduit, electric line

Word: unchallenged
Front: unchallenged
[ʌnˈtʃælɪndʒd] (15839/13791 -1)
Back: adj. 未受到挑战的; 不成问题的; 未引起争论的; 无异议的
分布：未受质疑的(50%)，未受过挑战的(50%)
adjective
■accepted without asking questions or criticizing 未受挑战的；无异议的；未受批评的
• We can't allow her comments to go unchallenged. 我们不能对她的评论听之任之。
adj. 不成问题的；未引起争论的； [法] 不回避的
 - unproblematic, unquestioned

Word: recline
Front: recline
[rɪˈklaɪn] (雅宝 15819/20129 -1)
Vocabulary: recline
(once / 1156 pages)
v
When you recline, you lounge or lean back. It isn't safe to recline while you're driving a car. However, it's perfectly safe to recline on your couch while you watch TV.
When you lie back in your hammock, you recline, and when you tilt your airplane seat into the lap of the person sitting behind you, you recline it. You might even have a special chair that reclines when you lean back in it, magically providing you with a footrest — it's called a recliner. Recline, from the Latin reclinare, "to bend back," shares a Proto-Indo-European root with lean.
WORD FAMILY
recline: reclined, recliner, reclines, reclining+/ recliner: recliners/reclining: reclinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
More than once, Crystal found one reclining on the couch backward, legs climbing up the wood paneling like vines, talking to Carmen’s portrait.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
As I was working and reclining, I felt myself de-stressing, and starting to appreciate the season.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
“We recline on our own satin and ebony.”
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vi. 斜倚，倚靠，躺卧; 依赖
vt. 使躺下; 使斜倚; 靠; 依靠，信赖
时态：reclined, reclining, reclines
分布：斜倚(35%)，躺(27%)，依赖(25%)，靠在(8%)，倚靠(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-clin,弯，倾斜，词源同 incline,decline.
【记】re反，cline倾斜一倾斜回去一斜靠
[rɪ'klaɪn] formal
verb
intransitive or transitive
■to lean or lie back with the upper part of your body in a nearly horizontal position （使）斜倚；（使）斜躺；（使）向后倚靠
• She was reclining elegantly on the sofa. 她优雅地斜倚在沙发上。
• He reclined his head against/on my shoulder. 他把头靠在我的肩上。
transitive
■If you recline a chair, you change the position of its back so that it is in a leaning position. 使（坐椅靠背）向后倾斜
vi. 靠；依赖；斜倚
 - build on, depend upon
vt. 使躺下；使斜倚
 - couch

Word: zenith
Front: zenith
[ˈzenɪθ] (托宝 15834/18949)
Vocabulary: zenith
(once / 1862 pages)
n
Zenith means the high point––it comes from astronomy, where it describes the highest point in an arc traveled by a star or a planet or another celestial body. The sun reaches its zenith when it is as high in the sky as it is going to go on that day.
Zenith — and its opposite, nadir — have been appropriated by non-astronomers and are used to describe high and low points in non-astronomical contexts. For example, you can say that the high school quarterback hit his zenith in high school, and it was all downhill from there. Do yourself a favor and try to delay your zenith so you'll have something to look forward to in your future!
WORD FAMILY
zenith: zenithal, zeniths
USAGE EXAMPLES
It will reach its zenith in Asia and the South Pacific on Monday night.
Seattle Times(Nov 13, 2016)
It will reach its zenith in Asia and the South Pacific on Monday.
Seattle Times(Nov 13, 2016)
As a result, the chess zenith his performance ushered in has not since been rivaled.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 顶点， 极点
分布：天顶(61%)，顶点(25%)，全盛(14%)
→来自中世纪拉丁语senit,来自阿拉伯语samt,路，通道，词源同azimuth,缩写自samt ar-ras,位于头顶的道路，ras,头。而该词最终又来自早期拉丁语semita,旁路，边路，se-,分开，mita-,改变，词源同mutual,由罗马人占据叙利亚时传入，后来罗马人离开，公元7世纪左右阿拉伯人又征服了叙利亚，该词又传入阿拉伯，最终又在公元14世纪进入了拉丁语。
天顶(zeni顶点)[-th表名词,通常指抽象名词]
【记】读：ze你死，从zenith上掉下来你就会死。
【反】nadir（n 天底；最低点）；lowest point（最低点）
noun countable usually singular
■the best or most successful point or time 顶峰；鼎盛时期
• In the 1860s, Tolstoy was at the zenith of his achievement. 19世纪60年代，托尔斯泰处于创作巅峰时期。
• His career reached its zenith in the 1960s. 他的事业在20世纪60年代达到巅峰。
Opposite nadir
n. 顶峰；顶点；最高点
 - height, summit, sky, peak, crown

Word: reheat
Front: reheat
[ˌri:ˈhi:t] (15756/25612)
Back: vt. 把…再加热
时态：reheated, reheating, reheats
分布：再热(94%)，对 ... 重新加热(6%)

Word: unassuming
Front: unassuming
[ˌʌnəˈsju:mɪŋ] (宝 15838/18906)
Vocabulary: unassuming
(once / 4019 pages)
adj
The word unassuming means modest, lacking in arrogance, pleasant, or polite. You'll find that some of the most unassuming people are actually the most interesting and powerful of all. They're just decent enough not to display it all the time.
It's been said that when you assume, you make an ass of you and me: that's because when you assume you draw conclusions that you shouldn't. If you're unassuming, you don't make that mistake. Even though he was a rock star, I found Jason to be unassuming and delightful. He treated everyone like a friend. It's the height of irony that the real Wizard of Oz turns out to be an unassuming country gentleman, when the image he projected was of fearsome, raw, tyrannical power.
WORD FAMILY
unassuming: unassumingly, unassumingness+/ assume: assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptive, re-assume/ assumed: assumedly/ assuming: assumingly, unassuming / assumption: assumptions/re-assume: re-assuming
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tim Duncan’s exit, in comparison, was more in line with his private, unassuming personality.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
But the most striking aspect of this film’s aesthetic — a better word might be temperament — is its gentle, unassuming modesty.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In her simple, unassuming plaid dress and smart-girl cat’s-eye glasses, she’s about to challenge their world—and change it for the better.
Time(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 谦逊的，不装腔作势的，不招摇的; 平易
分布：谦逊的(84%)，不装腔作势的(16%)
不摆架子的(un+assuming自以为是的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，assuming（adj 傲慢不逊的）：谦逊的
【参】assume（v 假定；采取）
US [-'su:-] approving
adjective
■Someone who is unassuming is quiet and shows no wish for attention or admiration （人）不爱出风头的，谦逊的
• He was shy and unassuming and not at all how you expect an actor to be. 他腼腆低调，一点儿也不像你想像中的演员的样子。
adj. 谦逊的；不装腔作势的；不出风头的
 - modest, unpretentious

Word: faceless
Front: faceless
[ˈfeɪsləs] (15846/18527 -1)
Back: adj. 姓名不详的，不露面的，匿名的; 没脸面的; 无个性的，无特性的
分布：匿名的(36%)，无个性的(28%)，无名的(20%)，没脸面的(8%)，无特性的(8%)
['feɪ.sləs] disapproving
adjective
■having no clear characteristics and therefore not interesting 无个性的；缺乏特征的；无聊的
• faceless bureaucrats 不通人情的政府官僚
adj. 匿名的，不知名的；无个性的；无脸面的
 - anonymous, pseudonymous

Word: deconstruct
Front: deconstruct
[ˌdi:kənˈstrʌkt] (15802/26839 -1)
Vocabulary: deconstruct
(once / 23313 pages)
v
To deconstruct a piece of writing or a work of art is to analyze it by carefully examining its ideas and language, especially to expose its contradictions and hidden meanings.
An English professor can show you how to deconstruct a novel or poem, deciphering its individual parts, pulling them apart, and scrutinizing them for deeper meaning. Proving that a written text isn't what it initially seems to be is one goal of someone who deconstructs in this way — a graduate student might deconstruct "The Wizard of Oz," for example, and declare that it's actually an allegory for nineteenth century economics, rather than a children's story.
WORD FAMILY
deconstruct: deconstructed, deconstructing, deconstruction, deconstructivism, deconstructs+/ construct: constructed, constructing, construction, constructive, constructor, constructs, deconstruct, reconstruct / construction: constructions/ constructive: constructively, constructiveness, constructivism, unconstructive/constructivism: constructivist/constructivist: constructivists/constructor: constructors/deconstruction: deconstructionism, deconstructions/deconstructionism: deconstructionist/ reconstruct: reconstructed, reconstructing, reconstruction, reconstructive, reconstructs/reconstructed: unreconstructed/ reconstruction: reconstructions/unreconstructed: unreconstructedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He himself focuses on writing, maintaining a personal blog devoted to, among other things, deconstructing Soviet nostalgia or pulling apart conspiracy theories.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The “Design Anatomy” project began in 2001, when deconstructed the design of Lotte Xylitol, a Japanese brand of chewing gum, for an exhibition in Tokyo.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
His first contract was with Washington University to deconstruct 81 housing units.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 解构（文学作品等）; 拆析
时态：deconstructed, deconstructing, deconstructs
分布：解构(87%)，拆析(13%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。construct, 结构。用来文学术语。
VERB
(哲学和文学评论中)解构，拆析(观点或文本)
In philosophy and literary criticism, to deconstruct an idea or text means to show the contradictions in its meaning, and to show how it does not fully explain what it claims to explain.
例：She sets up a rigorous intellectual framework to deconstruct various categories of film.她构建了一个缜密的智识框架来解构各种类型的电影。

Word: drool
Front: drool
[dru:l] (15812/21477)
Back: vi. 流口水; 对某人或某物流露出痴迷的神情; 痴情地看; 迷恋地看
时态：drooled, drooling, drools
分布：口水(40%)，流口水(30%)，垂涎(17%)，胡说(10%)，胡话(3%)
→来自drivel的拼写变体。
verb intransitive
■to allow saliva (= liquid in the mouth) to flow out of your mouth 流口水，垂涎
• The dog lay drooling on the mat. 狗躺在垫子上流着口水。
• I drooled all over my pillow. 我把枕头上弄得到处是口水。
[dru:l] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  drool over sb/sth
■to show extreme and sometimes silly pleasure while looking at someone or something 贪婪地看，痴痴傻傻地看
• Roz and I sat by the swimming pool, drooling over all the gorgeous young men. 罗兹和我坐在游泳池边痴痴地看着那些小帅哥。
• I left Sara in the shop drooling over a green silk dress. 我扔下莎拉一个人在商店里着迷地看着一件绿色的丝裙。
[dru:l] noun uncountable
■ saliva which has come out of your mouth uncontrollably （因无法控制而流出的）口水
vi. 流口水；胡说
 - run at the mouth, slobber
n. 口水；梦话，胡说
 - horsefeathers, somniloquence

Word: motor
Front: motor
[ˈməʊtə(r)] (高研四六 3138/1895 -K4)
Vocabulary: motor
(once / 191 pages)
nadjv
A motor runs your car, whizzes the blender and gets your golf cart going: it's simply a machine that converts energy into motion.
Coming to us from a Latin word that means "to move," motor is certainly connected to the world of motion. Without the innovation of Ford motors, most of America wouldn't be able to get anywhere today. These days the motor is undergoing some serious revisions, as engineers look for a way to power things with less gasoline and more sunshine.
WORD FAMILY
motor: motored, motoring, motorise, motorist, motorize, motorized, motorless, motors+/motored: bimotored/motorise: motorisation, motorised/motorised: unmotorised/motorist: motorists/ motorize: motorization, motorizing/motorized: unmotorized
USAGE EXAMPLES
He cut the use of personal state vehicles in half by creating the state motor pool to share cars among state agencies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
All kinds of companies, including century-old industrial stalwarts like General Motors and General Electric, are among the corporate giants acquiring tech start-ups of late.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
And the Highway Patrol said security footage caught two people splattering motor oil on the sidewalk and Capitol building on Halloween night.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 马达，发动机，[火箭]助推器; 原动者，原动力; 汽车; [解]运动肌，运动神经
vi. 开[乘]汽车
vt. 用汽车运送
adj. 有引擎的; 由发动机推动的; 机动车的; 肌肉运动的
时态：motored, motoring, motors
分布：马达(52%)，发动机(24%)，机动车(12%)，汽车的(7%)，机动的(3%)，运动神经的(2%)
→来自拉丁语motor,移动者，运动者，词源同move.引申词义发动机，马达，汽车等。
n.发动机,电动机The promoter promptly made a quotation for the remote control motors.发起人立刻制了一份遥控马达的报价单.
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
DEVICE 装置
 IMPROVER
■a device that changes electricity or fuel into movement and makes a machine work 发动机，引擎；电动机，马达
• The pump is powered by a small electric motor. 这个泵是由一个小马达提供动力的。
• Our washing machine needs a new motor. 我们的洗衣机需要换个新马达。
• mainly US I've had a new motor (= engine) put in my car. 我请人在我的车里安装了一个新引擎。
UK ['məʊ.tər] US ['moʊ.tˌɚ] noun countable
CAR 汽车 mainly UK old-fashioned
■a car 汽车
• Do you know anyone who's looking for a second-hand motor? 你知道有谁想买二手车吗？
UK ['məʊ.tər] US ['moʊ.tˌɚ] adjective [before noun]
CAR 汽车 mainly UK connected with cars or other vehicles which have engines and use roads 汽车的
• This has been a difficult year for the motor industry/trade. 今年是汽车工业／贸易不景气的一年。
• motor insurance 汽车保险
UK ['məʊ.tər] US ['moʊ.tˌɚ] adjective [before noun]
MUSCLES 肌肉的 specialized
■relating to muscles that produce movement, or the nerves and parts of the brain that control these muscles 肌肉运动的；运动神经的
• He has poor motor control/functions. 他的运动神经的控制力／功能较差。
UK ['məʊ.tər] US ['moʊ.tˌɚ] verb intransitive UK old-fashioned
■to drive 驾驶汽车
• I was just motoring along , minding my own business, when suddenly I was stopped by the police. 我正开着车，想着自己的事，突然被员警拦住了。
■informal
■to move or increase very quickly 快速移动；迅速增加
• Shares have motored ahead as profits have risen. 随着利润上升，股价也迅速攀升。
machinery, engine, motor, apparatus, mechanism, machine
这组词都有“机器，装置”的意思，其区别是：
machinery: 指机器的总称。
engine: 既可泛指或大或小、简单或复杂的机械、机器，又可指产生动力的发动机或引擎。
motor: 通常指小型或轻型马达、发动机。
apparatus: 指具有特殊用途的装置。
mechanism: 指运行系统，简单的机械装置。
machine: 普通用词，泛指一切机器。
n. [动力] [电] 发动机，马达；汽车
 - engine, automobile, car
adj. 汽车的；机动的
 - automotive, mobile
vi. 乘汽车
 - auto

Word: handicap
Front: handicap
[ˈhændikæp] (研六托雅 8589/4399 -2)
Vocabulary: handicap
(once / 1092 pages)
1nv 2nv 3nv
A mental or physical disadvantage, such as blindness or a missing leg, is a handicap: something that disables you in some way. Handicaps can also be imposed artificially to even out the odds in sporting events.
A sporting handicap might be a faster horse carrying an extra weight, or a better golfer having a few strokes added to her score to make things more competitive. Sometimes fate imposes a handicap, as when bad weather handicaps your travel plans, or a strike handicaps the subway system. Handicap comes from the term hand in cap, an ancient British practice in which two bettors placed their money into a hat held by a neutral third party before a bet.
WORD FAMILY
handicap: handicapped, handicapper, handicapping, handicaps+/handicapper: handicappers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Q: I can’t get a refund from Amtrak for its totally inappropriate “handicapped” room on the Empire Builder from Chicago to Glacier National Park.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
“They’re teaching little children and working with the handicapped and unwed mothers.”
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
He encouraged a life outside football and carried a single-digit handicap.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 障碍; 缺陷; 不利条件; 给弱者增加的杆数（按击球次数计数，并随参赛者的进步而减少）
vt. 妨碍，使不利; 使（某人）行动和生活不正常
时态：handicapped, handicapping, handicaps
分布：障碍(84%)，妨碍(16%)
→来自短语hand in cap,一种流行于17世纪的娱乐游戏，大致规则如下：甲乙双方有两件价值不同的物品，请丙当裁判来评估价差，然后补齐差价进行交换。同时，甲乙双方交纳保证金用手拿着放进帽子里，如果裁判丙估出的差价甲乙双方都同意的话，则他们进行物品交换，同时保证金归裁判，如果估出的差价甲乙双方都不同意的话，物品不交换，但是保证金也归裁判，如果一方同意另一方不同意，但是不同意的一方保证金归同意的一方，物品不交换，但可以避免更大程度损失。其中的关键在于裁判为使个人的利益最大化，势必要进行尽可能公正的估价，这样才会树立名声，别人才会找他，如果甲乙双方都认为裁判不公，则没人再找这个裁判。并由该游戏引申词义让步赛，如马赛，球赛，棋赛等等，以及用于指残疾人，生理缺陷的人，即需要让的人，含冒犯意。
v.妨碍n.(身体或智力方面的)缺陷;不利条件The handicapped man got a second-hand handout of shorthand handbook beforehand.残疾人事先得到了一本二手速记手册施舍品.
noun
CONDITION 情况
countable or uncountable slightly old-fashioned
■something that is wrong with your mind or body permanently （精神或肉体的）残疾，缺陷
• a physical handicap 身体残疾
• In cases of severe mental handicap, constant supervision is recommended. 对于严重的智障病人，建议进行不间断的监护。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] noun
DIFFICULTY 困难
countable
■something which makes it difficult for you to do something 障碍，阻碍
• I found not having a car quite a handicap in the country. 我发现在这个国家没有汽车非常不方便。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] noun
COMPETITION 竞争
countable
■a disadvantage given to a person taking part in a game or competition in order to reduce their chances of winning, or a sports event in which such disadvantages are given （让步赛中对强者施加的）不利条件；让步赛，让分比赛
• Handicaps give people with different abilities an equal chance of winning. 让步赛给具有不同能力的人同等的获胜机会。
• My current golf handicap is nine. 我现在的高尔夫让分是九杆。
['hæn.dɪ.kæp] verb transitive (-pp-)
■to make something more difficult to do 阻碍
• Rescue efforts have been handicapped by rough seas and hurricane-force winds. 救援工作受到了大浪和飓风的阻碍。
n. 障碍；不利条件，不利的因素
 - obstacle, let, bar, dam, disadvantage
vt. 妨碍，阻碍；使不利
 - let, slow

Word: self-destructive
Front: self-destructive
[self disˈtrʌktiv] None
Back: adj. 自毁的
ADJ-GRADED
自毁的
Self-destructive behaviour is harmful to the person who behaves in that way.
例：He had a reckless, self-destructive streak.他生性鲁莽草率，会做出自毁行为。

Word: treated
Front: treated
[tri:tɪd] (15801/16092)
Back: adj. 已处理过的，精制过的，加工过的
v. 处理( treat的过去式和过去分词 ); 探讨; 对待; 请（客）
分布：治疗(66%)，对待(31%)，招待(3%)
VERB
对待;看待;处理
If you treat someone or something in a particular way, you behave towards them or deal with them in that way.
例：Artie treated most women with indifference...阿蒂对大多数女人都漠不关心。
例：Police say they're treating it as a case of attempted murder...警方称他们正把它当作一起谋杀未遂案件来处理。
VERB
治疗;医治
When a doctor or nurse treats a patient or an illness, he or she tries to make the patient well again.
例：Doctors treated her with aspirin...医生用阿司匹林为她治疗。
例：The boy was treated for a minor head wound...那个男孩因头部轻伤接受了治疗。
VERB
处理;给…上保护层
If something is treated with a particular substance, the substance is put onto or into it in order to clean it, to protect it, or to give it special properties.
例：About 70% of the cocoa acreage is treated with insecticide...大约 70% 的可可树林地喷过杀虫剂。
例：It was many years before the city began to treat its sewage.很多年以后这个城市才开始处理污水。
VERB
请(客);招待;款待
If you treat someone to something special which they will enjoy, you buy it or arrange it for them.
例：She was always treating him to ice cream...她总是请他吃冰激凌。
例：Tomorrow I'll treat myself to a day's gardening...明天我将犒劳一下自己——享受一天的园艺乐趣。
N-COUNT
请客;款待
If you give someone a treat, you buy or arrange something special for them which they will enjoy.
例：Lettie had never yet failed to return from town without some special treat for him.莱蒂每次从城里回来都必定会给他带点特别的礼物。
N-SING
请客;做东
If you say that something is your treat, you mean that you are paying for it as a treat for someone else.
PHRASE
很出色的东西
If you say, for example, that something looks or works a treat, you mean that it looks very good or works very well.
例：The first part of the plan works a treat...计划的第一部分天衣无缝。
例：The apricots would go down a treat.杏会非常好吃。
v. 治疗（treat的过去分词）；对待；招待
 - served
adj. 治疗的；已处理过的
 - therapeutic, medicinal, remedial

Word: projectile
Front: projectile
[prəˈdʒektaɪl] (宝 15825/25237)
Vocabulary: projectile
(once / 1977 pages)
nadj
A projectile is a type of weapon that is propelled towards its target. If you fire a cannon, the cannonball is a projectile, but the cannon itself is not.
When projectile refers to a weapon, it is always propelled by something else. Think of the bullet in a gun or a spear thrown by a person. A rocket, which is self-propelled, is also called a projectile. As an adjective, projectile means "propelled forward" as in a projectile force or weapon. Sometimes you see the expression, projectile vomiting, a particularly violent way to throw up.
WORD FAMILY
projectile: projectiles
USAGE EXAMPLES
The match was suspended after 30 minutes when Metz fans threw projectiles at the Portuguese goalkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
The match was suspended after 30 minutes when Metz fans threw projectiles toward the Portuguese goalkeeper.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Officials say a man at the scene was hit by a projectile, but it’s unclear if it was a bullet that struck him.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 抛射体; （炮弹、子弹等）射弹，（火箭等）自动推进的武器
adj. 向前开进的; 推进的; 抛掷的; 弹射的
分布：发射体(43%)，发射的(36%)，向前开进的(21%)
→来自project,投掷，投射，-ile,名词后缀。引申词义枪弹，炮弹等。
抛射物;导弹(project+ile物体→向前扔的物体)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
抛射物(project投射)[-ile 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"物体"]
【记】pro向前，ject扔，ile－向前扔的东西－抛射物
【参】projector（n 投影仪）
US [-təl] specialized
noun countable
■an object that is thrown or shot forwards, especially from a weapon 投掷物；抛射物；发射物（尤指子弹、炮弹等）
• The second projectile exploded after hitting a tank. 第二发炮弹击中坦克后就爆炸了。
UK [prə'dʒek.taɪl] US [-təl] specialized
adjective [before noun]
■describes things which are thrown or shot forwards with great force 投射的，推进的
• projectile weapons 投射式武器
• projectile vomiting 喷射性呕吐

Word: domesticated
Front: domesticated
[dəʊ'mestɪkeɪtɪd] (托 15833/15736)
Vocabulary: domesticated
(once / 2799 pages)
adj
Domesticated means trained to live or work for humans, i.e. pets and farm animals. For centuries humans have believe that dogs are domesticated wolves, but DNA testing reveals that they are in fact a different species.
Domesticated comes from domus, the Latin word for home, which is easy to remember — instead of a "roof over our heads" think of your "home as a dome." Domus gives us not only domesticated (adapted to the home or the farm), but also domestic (cooking and cleaning are "domestic" chores), a domestic (someone like a maid who works inside a home as a paid employee), and domicile (a building that serves as a home). Thus domesticated means an animal tamed to live in your home — or, as some women like to joke, a man.
WORD FAMILY
domesticated: undomesticated+/ domesticate: domesticated, domesticates, domesticating, domestication
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some livestock fares poorly, though other domesticated animals romp happily into the wild.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Although wapato was not a domesticated crop, the tubers’ starchy flesh was an important food source, especially in the winter when other options were scarce.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
That’s the drawback but also the glory of creatures that were never domesticated.
The New Yorker(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 喜欢家庭生活的; （指动物）被驯养了的
v. 驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：驯养的(51%)，喜欢家庭生活的(23%)，驯服的(19%)，动词domesticate的过去式和过去分词形式.(7%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■able or willing to do cleaning, cooking and other jobs in the home, and to look after children 能做家务的；愿做家务的
• Since they had their baby they've both become quite domesticated. 自从有了孩子之后，他们两人都变得很会做家务了。
adj. 家养的；驯服的；喜欢家庭生活的
 - docile, meek

Word: soundly
Front: soundly
[ˈsaʊndli] (15852/13821 -1)
Back: adv. 完好地，健全地; 正确地; 严厉地; 酣畅地
分布：完全地(34%)，坚牢地(22%)，健全地(22%)，香甜地(22%)
→sound,明智的，可靠的，-ly,副词后缀。
adverb
COMPLETELY 完全地
■completely 完全地，彻底地
• The committee soundly rejected all of the proposed changes. 委员会彻底否决了所有的变革提议。
['saʊnd.li] adverb
SLEEP 睡觉
■(of how someone sleeps) deeply 完好地；完善地
• I slept very soundly, thank you - the bed was really comfortable. 我睡得很香，谢谢你——这床真舒服。
adv. 健全地；完全地；稳健地；彻底地；牢固地
 - entirely, totally, completely, thoroughly, fully, absolutely, strictly

Word: insurmountable
Front: insurmountable
[ˌɪnsəˈmaʊntəbl] (托 15862/18887)
Vocabulary: insurmountable
(once / 3341 pages)
adj
The adjective insurmountable describes some barrier that is incapable of being overcome. The Great Wall of China was meant to be an insurmountable deterrent to would-be invaders.
Although the adjective insurmountable can be used to describe an actual physical barrier, it most often refers to a less tangible challenge. "The runner was disheartened because her competitor had an insurmountable lead in the race." "Because of insurmountable difficulties, the school's fall party had to be canceled. The water heater burst, raining gallons of water down on the gym, and flooding it. Since it was not a swimming party, the school wasn't able to clean up the mess in time to host the party."
WORD FAMILY
insurmountable: insurmountably+/ surmount: surmountable, surmounted, surmounter, surmounting, surmounts/surmountable: insurmountable, unsurmountable/surmounted: surmountedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1959, Raymond Williams described the seemingly insurmountable gulf between the progressive intellectuals of his day and the great bulk of the population.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Good intentions won’t begin to address a problem that’s becoming insurmountable.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
At the time, the research faced two seemingly insurmountable problems.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不可逾越的; 不能克服的
分布：难以对付的(50%)，无法解决的(50%)
→in-,不，非，surmount,超越。
难克服的(in不+surmount克服+able→不能克服的)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
US [-sɚ'maʊn.tˌə-] formal
adjective
■(especially of a problem or a difficulty) so great that it cannot be dealt with successfully （尤指问题或困难）难以克服的，不可逾越的
• insurmountable difficulties 难以克服的困难
• This small country is faced with an insurmountable debt. 这个小国面临着难以承受的巨额债务。
adj. 不能克服的；不能超越的；难以对付的
 - unsurmountable, unvanquishable

Word: unbiased
Front: unbiased
[ʌnˈbaɪəst] (托 15836/19999)
Vocabulary: unbiased
(once / 8467 pages)
adj
To be unbiased, you have to be 100% fair — you can't have a favorite, or opinions that would color your judgment. For example, to make things as unbiased as possible, judges of an art contest didn't see the artists' names or the names of their schools and hometowns.
You are unbiased if you can assess situations with a completely open mind. The root of unbiased is bias, which probably comes from the Greek word epikarsios, meaning “athwart,” “crosswise,” or “oblique.” When you have a bias, you look at the situation “from the side,” such as the side of someone who personally hates seafood telling you that Lobster Larry's is a terrible restaurant. To be unbiased you don't have biases affecting you; you are impartial and would probably make a good judge.
WORD FAMILY
unbiased: unbiasedly+/ bias: biased, biasedly, biases, biasing, biasly, biassed, biassing/ biased: unbiased /biassed: unbiassed
USAGE EXAMPLES
Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that our modern housing policies are perfectly unbiased.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
Karlov said he saw his role in Turkey as “protecting Russia’s national interest” and providing “unbiased information”.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
"This is good unbiased information, it would be a real shame if that data is turned off."
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 无偏见的，不偏不倚的，公正的; 持平; 无偏无党; 谠
分布：公正的(100%)
【记】un不，biased（adj 有偏见的）：没有偏见的
【反】tendentious（adj 有倾向的；有偏见的）
adjective
■able to judge fairly because you are not influenced by your own opinions 无偏见的，公正的
• unbiased advice 公允的建议
• an unbiased opinion 不偏不倚的观点
adj. 公正的；无偏见的
 - judicial, just

Word: catheter
Front: catheter
[ˈkæθɪtə(r)] (14857/26510)
Vocabulary: catheter
(once / 15038 pages)
n
A catheter is a thin, flexible tube that's inserted into the body to draw liquids out or keep a pathway open. It’s the kind of thing you’d get in the hospital.
The word catheter is from the Greek kathienai which means, "thrust in or let down." That’s what happens when that small tube goes into your body and lets fluid out. If you have surgery in the belly area, you’ll probably need a catheter to drain the urine until you can go to the bathroom by yourself again. A catheter can also be inserted into other organs, like through a blood vessel and into the heart, to see what's going on.
WORD FAMILY
catheter: catheterise, catheterize, catheters+/catheterise: catheterisation, catheterising, catheterization/catheterization: catheterizations/catheterize: catheterized, catheterizes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Then there’s the problem of equipment and, periodically, lack of supplies like gloves, catheters, and cleaning tissues.”
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Cryoablation is performed by attaching a catheter to a nitrous oxide machine.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
He also stopped leaving his home in Lancaster because he’s running dangerously low on catheters he uses with his wheelchair.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: n. 导尿管，尿液管，导管
分布：导管(87%)，导尿管(12%)，尿液管(1%)
→cata-, 向下。-het, 扔，投掷，词源同jet, project.
US [-tˌɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a long, very thin tube used to take liquids out of the body 导（液）管
n. [医] 导管；导尿管；尿液管
 - ductus, connecting tube

Word: seedy
Front: seedy
[ˈsi:di] (15847/18461 -1)
Vocabulary: seedy
(once / 4747 pages)
adj
When a place is seedy, it's sleazy, run-down — not the kind of place you'd take your mom. The East Village of New York was once known for being seedy, but now it's safe for children of all ages.
It's a mystery how the word seedy came to mean darkly rundown, slummy, and seamy, but it probably came from the appearance of flowers after they've shed their seeds. That's when they start to lose their color and eventually die. You'll find seedy used to describe places like dive bars, brothels, and those sections of town where dealers ply their drugs. Certain writers, such as Dennis Cooper and even Charles Dickens, are fascinated by the seedy underbelly of life in big cities, in scenes populated by wretched people and other outcasts.
WORD FAMILY
seedy: seedier, seediest, seedily, seediness+/reseed: reseeded, reseeding, reseeds/seed: reseed, seeded, seeder, seeding, seedless, seeds, seedy /seeded: multi-seeded, self-seeded, unseeded/seeder: seeders
USAGE EXAMPLES
At night it transforms from a quiet street into a gaudy, neon-light affair filled with bars, live music venues and seedy entertainment.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
As the two Jesuits set out for Japan, they find a translator named Kichijiro in a seedy neighborhood and drag him into their mission.
New York Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Hearing voices, a new mother flees with her baby to a seedy Maine hotel, where she discovers the other guests hear voices, too.
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 破烂的; 多籽的，籽状的; 疲倦的; 粗鄙的
级别：seedier, seediest
分布：破旧的(43%)，多籽的(27%)，褴褛的(17%)，憔悴的(13%)
→seed,种子，籽，-y,形容词后缀。即结籽的，引申词义花期已过的，破败的。
adjective
■looking dirty or in bad condition and likely to be involved in dishonest or illegal activities 肮脏的；乱七八糟的； 褴褛的
• a seedy hotel 乱七八糟的旅馆
• He didn't like the look of the seedy characters who were hanging around outside the bar. 他不喜欢那些龌龊家伙的样子，他们总是在酒吧外面游荡。
adj. 多种子的；结籽的；破烂的
 - pippy, duddy

Word: shambles
Front: shambles
[ˈʃæmblz] (宝 15858/14494)
Vocabulary: shambles
(once / 4821 pages)
n
Originally a word for a slaughterhouse, shambles now usually means "one heck of a mess," as in "You were supposed to clean your room, but it's still a shambles!
When the job market is in a shambles, people have trouble finding work. When a supermarket is in a shambles, there might be melons and milk spilled all over the floor. If everyone in a classroom is talking and yelling at once, the class is a shambles, because no one can hear each other or get any work done. People say things are "in shambles" or "a shambles" — they mean the same thing. However you say it, a shambles is chaotic, disorderly, out of hand, and off the hook — a major, five-alarm mess.
WORD FAMILY
shamble: shambled, shambles, shambling+/shambling: shamblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
When no new bolivar notes appeared to replace the old ones, riots and looting erupted in towns across Venezuela, whose economy was already in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Georgetown Republican’s bill also would create a trusteeship to oversee ailing hospitals left in shambles by exploitative owners.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
And the Packers’ defense appears to be in shambles.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. <口>混乱; 屠宰场; 毁坏（景象）; 大屠杀场面
v. 蹒跚而行，拖着脚走，踉跄地走( shamble的第三人称单数)
分布：混乱(65%)，凌乱(21%)，混乱之处(14%)
→来自 shamble,肉摊，-s,复数后缀。引申词义屠宰场，比喻义混乱，肮脏之地。其原义见英国 相关街道名，如约克郡古街 The Shambles,曼彻斯特 Shambles Square,原先都是肉市场。
【记】sh屎，尸，amble漫步，s：屎（尸体）在漫步－混乱
['ʃæm.blz] informal
noun only singular
■a state of confusion, bad organization or untidiness, or something which is in this state 混乱，凌乱，杂乱；混乱（或凌乱、杂乱）之物
• After the party, the house was a total/complete shambles. 派对过后，整幢房子一片狼藉。
• Our economy is in a shambles. 我们的经济一团糟。
• The way these files are arranged is the biggest shambles I've ever seen. 这是我见过的弄得最乱的档案。
n. 混乱；废墟；屠宰场（shamble的复数）
 - disorders

Word: outdo
Front: outdo
[ˌaʊtˈdu:] (雅 15869/22680 -1)
Vocabulary: outdo
(once / 2153 pages)
v
To outdo is to beat or surpass: when you outdo your brother in a pie-eating contest, you manage to gobble down more lemon meringue than he does. You'll probably regret it later, but at least you'll have that blue ribbon!
Anyone who outdoes another person wins against them in some contest, whether it's an actual competition or an unstated rivalry. You can also outdo your own record, like when you outdo last semester's grades with the help of all the As you get in English. And you can cheer for your favorite basketball team as they outdo their opponents by easily winning the game.
WORD FAMILY
outdo: outdid, outdoing, outdone
USAGE EXAMPLES
Not to be outdone, the city council in Knoxville, Tenn., voted this fall to repeal an ordinance keeping bars at least 300 feet from churches.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
With Trump it’s been argued that it’s hard to outdo a narcissist who’s a parody of himself.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
To meet Beijing’s economic-growth goals, local officials often strive to outdo one another.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 胜过，优于
时态：outdid, outdone, outdoing, outdoes
分布：超过(53%)，胜过(47%)
→out-,超过，do,做。
胜过,战胜(out+do做→做得超出别人)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
[ˌaʊt'du:] (outdid, outdone)
verb transitive
■to be, or do something, better than someone else 胜过，超越；优于
• He always tries to outdo everybody else in the class. 他总是想超过班里的每一个人。
[ˌaʊt'du:] (outdid, outdone)
verb transitive
not to be outdone
■not wanting someone else to do something better than you 不甘落后；不服输；不甘示弱
• Pat was wearing an outrageous backless purple dress, so, not to be outdone, I put on my new gold and black trouser suit. 派特穿了件前卫惹火的紫色露背连衣裙，我不甘示弱，穿上了那套新买的金色与黑色相间的套装。
vt. 超过；胜过
 - better than, overcome, top, cap

Word: pulley
Front: pulley
[ˈpʊli] (六宝 15800/20246)
Vocabulary: pulley
(once / 3497 pages)
n
A pulley is a basic device or machine made of a wheel with a rim that a cord or rope fits around. The wheel and axle of a pulley make it easier to lift heavy objects with the rope.
Ships and sailboats use pulleys — though they're often called drums — to make raising the sails less difficult. Flagpoles also have pulleys for raising and lowering the flag, many garage doors work by a pulley system, and loading docks and constructions sites use pulleys for lifting heavy things. Pulley comes from the Old French polie, with a Greek root of polidion, or "little pivot."
WORD FAMILY
pulley: pulleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
The rod was attached to a cable connected to a pulley holding a 40-pound weight.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
We do a lot of the construction on the ground and pass boards up to each other and hoist sections up with pulleys and ropes.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Eventually, rescuers were able to help them down using ropes and pulleys.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 滑轮（组），滑车; 皮带轮
v. 用滑轮升起，用滑车推动; 给…装滑车
分布：滑轮(65%)，皮带轮(24%)，滑车(11%)
→来自古法语polie,滑轮，来自拉丁语poliva,来自希腊语polos,轮轴，滑轮，来自kwel,轮，词源同pole,两极，地轴。
【记】读：不累－用滑轮组可以省力
noun countable
■a piece of equipment for moving heavy objects up or down, consisting of a small wheel over which a rope or chain fixed to the object can be easily pulled or released slowly （用于搬运重物的）滑车，滑轮
• The blocks of stone had to be lifted into position with a system of pulleys. 这些石块得用滑轮组牵引到位。
n. [机] 滑轮；皮带轮；滑车
 - tackle-block, trochlea

Word: panacea
Front: panacea
[ˌpænəˈsi:ə] (托宝 15848/18631 -1)
Vocabulary: panacea
(once / 9156 pages)
n
If someone offers you a pill that promises eternal life, don’t take the pill. It’s a panacea, a remedy that falsely claims to solve every problem ever.
The Greek word pan means “all” (think of a panorama, a view where you can see everywhere). The Greek word for “cure” is akēs (which looks like the word “aches”). Those are the roots of panacea, a cure for all aches. But a panacea doesn’t really cure everything; it just acts like it can. Use the word to describe an unbelievable solution, like a new law that will make everyone rich, or a robot that does your homework for you.
WORD FAMILY
panacea: panaceas
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s no panacea, but it would be a valuable contribution because industrial steam-making boilers are hard to run on renewable energy.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
The next option is the rosy, rightwing panacea for all things of late: annexation of the West Bank, what the right calls Judea and Samaria.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Smoothies are not a panacea for losing weight.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 万应灵药; 治百病的药
分布：灵丹妙药(64%)，万灵药(36%)
→来自希腊语panakes,万灵药，来自pan,全部，所有，akos,治疗，词源同pediatric,psychiatric.
noun countable usually singular disapproving
■something that will solve all problems （能解决一切问题的）万能之计，灵丹妙药
• Technology is not a panacea for all our problems. 科技并非灵丹妙药，不能解决我们的一切问题。
■something that will cure all illnesses 包治百病的药，万灵药
n. 灵丹妙药；万能药
 - catholicon, elixir

Word: encapsulate
Front: encapsulate
[ɪnˈkæpsjuleɪt] (宝 15818/11424 -1)
Vocabulary: encapsulate
(once / 23359 pages)
v
To encapsulate something is to sum it up in shorter form — to summarize something.
When you see the word encapsulate, think about trying to put your comic book collection inside one tiny capsule — all of them wouldn't fit, so you'd have to pick out just your favorites or the most valuable ones. Encapsulating means condensing something down into its most important parts, so you just get the gist of it. Cliff's Notes encapsulate longer books. If you tell a friend about your summer vacation, you better encapsulate it or you'll be there for hours.
WORD FAMILY
encapsulate: encapsulated, encapsulates, encapsulating, encapsulation+/capsulate: capsulated, encapsulate / capsule: capsular, capsulate, capsuled, capsules, capsuling, capsulise, capsulize/capsulize: capsulized, capsulizes/encapsulation: encapsulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Revis’s effectiveness was encapsulated by his nickname, Revis Island, which referred to his ability to guard receivers one on one.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
From Bournemouth’s point of view it was brilliantly worked, full of slick passing and fluid movement that encapsulates what Eddie Howe’s side are all about.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The governor collected the most votes in our contest for the person who best encapsulated California in 2016.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 封装; 概述
vi. 形成囊状物
时态：encapsulated, encapsulating, encapsulates
分布：压缩(51%)，概括(28%)，装入胶囊(14%)，封进内部(7%)
→en-, 进入，使。capsule, 胶囊。
【记】capsule（n 胶囊）
verb transitive
■to express or show the most important facts about something 扼要表述；压缩；概括
• It was very difficult to encapsulate the story of the revolution in a single one-hour documentary. 将革命的前后经过浓缩成一部一小时的纪录片是很难的。
• She encapsulates the stereotyped image that the British have of Americans. 她概括地描述了英国人眼里典型的美国人形象。
vt. 压缩；将…装入胶囊；将…封进内部
 - to compress, telescope

Word: finality
Front: finality
[faɪˈnæləti] (15811/20177)
Vocabulary: finality
(once / 3171 pages)
n
Finality is the absolute, definite end. People often speak of the finality of death — nothing comes after it and nothing that came before it can be changed.
If someone speaks with absolute finality, he is not going to change his mind. The sound of a judge's gavel slamming down gives a sense of finality to his or her judgment. Because of its association with death and closure, finality often carries a somber undertone. It can also be used in conjunction with the end of a sports season. But even the finality of the seventh game of a classic World Series is usually forgotten by the time spring training rolls around.
WORD FAMILY
finality: finalities+/ final: finalise, finalist, finality, finalize, finally, finals, semifinal/finalise: finalisation, finalised/ finalist: finalists/ finalize: finalization, finalized, finalizes, finalizing/semifinal: semifinalist, semifinals/semifinalist: semifinalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
But perhaps the finality of the prognosis was in some sense also a blessing.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Finality hung in the air, heavy and hollow.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
There are no such assurances of finality to the major issues beleaguering the Bruins.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 结尾; 定局; 终结; 最后的事物
分布：定局(100%)
最后,定局(final+ity)[fin=end,boundary,表示"结束,范围"]
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable formal
■the quality of being finished and therefore not able to be changed 终结；定局；不可改变性
• the finality of death 终有一死
n. 定局；终结；结尾；最后的事物；最后的言行
 - ending, expiration

Word: acuity
Front: acuity
[əˈkju:əti] (宝 15780/27913)
Vocabulary: acuity
(once / 42062 pages)
n
Acuity has to do with sharpness and smartness. Do you always get A's in math? Then you have an acuity for numbers.
People often talk about "mental acuity," which is a fancy way of saying intelligence, brains, or smartness. There are specific kinds of acuity, too. As people become very old, they tend to lose their acuity in many areas, including their vision, which is one reason very old people don't drive as well. A 40-year-old quarterback isn't going to have the same acuity for seeing receivers and throwing the ball as a 25-year-old quarterback.
WORD FAMILY
acuity: acuities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Even the thickest toddler shows much greater inferential acuity.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
She hypothesized that deaf players’ disadvantage in not being able to hear their opponents hit the ball can be compensated for by increased visual acuity.
New York Times(Nov 22, 2016)
It is about six months later, and she feels that she has nearly entirely recovered her mental acuity.
Seattle Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 尖锐，（疾病的）剧烈，（视力、才智等的）敏锐; 敏度
分布：敏锐(70%)，尖锐(22%)，激烈(8%)
→来自词根ac, 尖。
尖锐,敏锐(acu+ity性质→尖的性质→尖锐)[acid,acri,acrid,acu=sour,sharp,表示"尖,酸,锐利"]
【记】acu尖，酸，锐利，ity名词后缀表性质－尖的性质－敏锐
【参】acumen（n 敏锐，聪明）；acute（adj 敏锐的；[医]急性的）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the ability to hear, see or think accurately and clearly （听力、视力、思维等的）灵敏度，敏锐
• Tiredness also affects visual acuity. 疲劳也会影响视力的灵敏度。
• He was a man of great political acuity. 他是一个对政治高度敏感的人。
n. [生理] 敏锐；尖锐；剧烈
 - keenness, incisiveness

Word: machete
Front: machete
[məˈʃeti] (15845/25419)
Vocabulary: machete
(once / 8272 pages)
n
A machete is a huge, heavy, powerful knife, used mainly in Central and South America. A machete is great for cutting vegetation, but you wouldn't want to confront one in a dark alley.
Many things in life have a nice use and a not-so-nice use. That's especially true of the machete. This enormous knife would look out of place at the dinner table, but for a farmer, it’s a huge help in cutting down vegetation or clearing brush. In the hands of a criminal, a machete is a terrifying weapon. Some criminal groups are known for their use of the machete and its scary power to slice through a victim.
WORD FAMILY
machete: machetes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say a man knocked on the officer’s door Dec. 22 to show him a machete he said was left by the officer’s vehicle.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Ten people were killed and dozens more injured in separate gun, bomb, axe and machete attacks in Bavaria and Baden-Wuerttemberg in July.
BBC(Dec 20, 2016)
Ten people were killed and dozens more injured in separate gun, bomb, axe and machete attacks.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 弯刀; 大砍刀
分布：大砍刀(53%)，弯刀(47%)
→来自西班牙语macho,锤子，铁锤，-ete,小词后缀，来自来自拉丁语mateola,锤子，铁锤，词源同mace.字面意思即小铁锤，但后用于指砍刀，弯刀。参照电影《弯刀》。
US [-'ʃetˌ-] noun countable
■a large knife with a wide blade, used for cutting trees and plants or as a weapon 大砍刀（用以砍伐或充当武器）
n. 弯刀；大砍刀；马谢特琴
 - matchet, cutlass

Word: oral
Front: oral
[ˈɔ:rəl] (高研四六托雅 3875/3468 -2)
Vocabulary: oral
(once / 1450 pages)
adjn
The word oral means having to do with the mouth or speaking. When you give an oral report in school, you stand in front of the class and talk.
Use the adjective oral to describe something that's spoken aloud, like an oral exam or an oral history passed between generations through bedtime stories. Oral is also good for referring to other things you do with your mouth — your dentist may drive you crazy talking about "oral hygiene," or keeping your teeth clean. The roots of the word oral go back to the Latin word for "mouth," which is os.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aural / oral / verbal
Aural refers to the ear or hearing, and oral to the mouth or speaking. Something verbal is expressed in words, either spoken or written. Listen to the aural sensations of songs from outer space when you've been gassed for your oral surgery. Then stay non-verbal because you can't use words for a long time after the dentist wakes you up.
Aural is related to the sense of hearing:
While the songs may be familiar, the delivery is the aural version of having one's stocking stuffed. (technorati.com)
Audio teams capture far-flung aural impressions to set the proper movie mood (Dallas Morning News)
Our second word, oral, refers to something spoken (rather than written) or something related to the mouth:
The Long Island Storytelling Network will be telling tales at the library on Wednesday to help revive the oral tradition. (Storynet.org)
Oral cancer has always been a bigger threat to men than women. (Washington Post)
Now what about oral vs. verbal? They both relate to something expressed through words, but oral is spoken and verbal can be spoken or written. Oral and verbal are often used interchangeably — both describe spoken words after all. But they're not always interchangeable. If your little sister sticks everything in her mouth, she has an oral fixation. If she can recite the Constitution by age two, she's quite verbal. Consider these quotes from articles about college basketball:
K-State basketball gets oral commitment from 7-footer Diaz. (Wichita Eagle)
Gipson is Kansas State's second verbal commitment. (Fox Sports)
Using those definitions, Diaz told K-State he'd join the team. He didn't sign any paperwork. But Gipson could have signed on the dotted line, or he might have just spoken his commitment.
Remember: if it's related to the ear or hearing, you want aural. If it's related to something spoken or to the mouth, it's oral. And although verbal can mean spoken or written, oral can only mean spoken.
WORD FAMILY
oral: orally, orals
USAGE EXAMPLES
She prescribed oral steroids in addition to a rescue inhaler to calm my overactive airways, which helped.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The doctor may prescribe a steroid cream or, in severe cases, an oral immunosuppressant for the itch.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Because the treatment would expose his oral structures — including the jawbone, salivary glands and teeth — to radiation, a dental evaluation was prompted.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 口头的，口述的; 口服的; 属于或关于嘴的; 构成或使用言语的
n. （尤指外语考试中的）口试
分布：口试(57%)，口头的(22%)，口语的(17%)，口部的(4%)
→来自拉丁语os的所有格形式oris,嘴，来自os,嘴，词源同orator,osculate.
口头的[ora,orat=mouth,表示"嘴,说"]
a.口头的The sore is orally ignored by the ignorant immoral man.疮痛被无知的不道德者口头忽视了.
US ['ɔ:r.əl] adjective
SPOKEN 口头的
 ADVANCED
■spoken; not written 口头的；口述的
• an oral agreement/exam 口头协议／口试
UK ['ɔ:.rəl] US ['ɔ:r.əl] adjective
MOUTH 口 mainly specialized
■of, taken by, or done to the mouth 口的；口服的；口腔的
• oral hygiene 口腔卫生
• oral contraceptives 口服避孕药
• oral surgery 口腔手术
UK ['ɔ:.rəl] US ['ɔ:r.əl] noun countable
■an examination, often a type of language examination, in which you give spoken and not written answers 口试（通常是一种语言的测验，对问题做口头而不是书面回答）
• When do you have your Spanish oral (= exam in spoken Spanish) ? 你们甚么时候进行西班牙语口试？
oral, verbal
这组词都有“口头表达的”的意思，其区别是：
oral: 侧重指用嘴进行表达或交流。
verbal: 指口头进行，但不排除使用文字的可能性。
adj. [药] [解剖] 口头的，口述的
 - spoken, verbal, word-of-mouth
n. 口试
 - viva voce

Word: chariot
Front: chariot
[ˈtʃæriət] (15795/12030 -1)
Back: n. 敞篷双轮马车（古代用于战争或竞赛），战车
vt. 驾驭
时态：charioted, charioting, chariots
分布：二轮战车(56%)，驾驭战车(44%)
→来自拉丁词carrus, 马车，战车，词源同car, charge, current.
US ['tʃer-] noun countable
■a two-wheeled vehicle that was used in ancient times for racing and fighting and was pulled by a horse （古时用于比赛或战争的）双轮马车

Word: sacrificial
Front: sacrificial
[ˌsækrɪˈfɪʃl] (15804/18876)
Vocabulary: sacrificial
(once / 2652 pages)
adj
Anything sacrificial has to do with a sacrifice. Giving up your seat for someone else is a sacrificial act.
A sacrifice is something given up for the sake of others, so anything sacrificial is connected to that selfless act. In some cultures, people were once thrown in volcanoes to appease the gods: this was a sacrificial ritual, because the person's life was taken for a higher purpose. In Christianity, Jesus dying for other people's sins is a sacrificial act. Even small actions can be sacrificial if you give something up for a purpose.
WORD FAMILY
sacrificial: sacrificially+/ sacrifice: sacrificeable, sacrificed, sacrificer, sacrifices, sacrificial, sacrificing, self-sacrifice/sacrificer: sacrificers/sacrificing: self-sacrificing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Underwood, the country singer and “American Idol” winner, was the unfortunate sacrificial lamb who proved this point in “The Sound of Music.”
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
This sacrificial beheading causes the tree to die and is where the white sap, which has risen up the hollowed trunk, is collected.
Time(Nov 28, 2016)
Chipeta appealed for Aniva to not be used as “a sacrificial lamb”, saying “the publicity he has attracted is punishment enough”.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 牺牲的
分布：牺牲的(45%)，献祭的(34%)，具有牺牲性的(13%)，抛售的(8%)
→sacrifice,牺牲，献祭，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
■offered as a sacrifice 献祭的，用作祭品的
• The priest held up the head of the sacrificial goat. 祭司举起了献祭山羊的头。
adj. 牺牲的；献祭的
 - immolated

Word: chewing
Front: chewing
[t'ʃu:ɪŋ] (15873/19561)
Back: v. 咀嚼，咬( chew的现在分词 ); （因为紧张等）咬住，不停地啃，（为尝味道）不停地咀嚼
分布：咀嚼(99%)，动词chew的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
咀嚼;嚼(碎)
When you chew food, you use your teeth to break it up in your mouth so that it becomes easier to swallow.
例：Be certain to eat slowly and chew your food extremely well...一定要慢慢吃，要细细咀嚼。
例：Daniel leaned back on the sofa, still chewing on his apple.丹尼尔倚在沙发上，嘴里还在嚼着苹果。
VERB
嚼(口香糖、烟草)
If you chew gum or tobacco, you keep biting it and moving it around your mouth to taste the flavour of it. You do not swallow it.
例：One girl was chewing gum...一个女孩在嚼口香糖。
例：He chews tobacco constantly.他不停地嚼烟草。
VERB
(因为紧张)咬(嘴唇、指甲)
If you chew your lips or your fingernails, you keep biting them because you are nervous.
例：He chewed his lower lip nervously.他紧张地咬着下嘴唇。
VERB
(人或动物)咬，啃
If a person or animal chews an object, they bite it with their teeth.
例：They pause and chew their pencils...他们停了下来，咬着铅笔。
例：One owner left his pet under the stairs where the animal chewed through electric cables.有个人把宠物放在楼梯下面，结果它在那儿把电线咬断了。
N-COUNT
口嚼糖
A chew is a sweet that you have to chew very hard before it becomes soft.
例：...a selection of penny chews.各式各样可供选择的便宜口嚼糖
PHRASE
试图承担力不能及的事
If you say that someone has bitten off more than they can chew, you mean that they are trying to do something which is too difficult for them.
例：Micky is used to handling dodgy deals but this time fears he may have bitten off more than he can chew.米基本来是善于处理棘手交易的，可是这回他可能会力有不逮。
PHR-RECIP
闲聊;闲扯
If people chew the fat, they talk in a relaxed, informal way.
例：We'd been lounging around, chewing the fat for a couple of hours.我们东游西逛，瞎扯了两三个钟头。

Word: fragility
Front: fragility
[frə'dʒɪlətɪ] (托 15874/18616)
Vocabulary: fragility
(once / 9866 pages)
n
Fragility is a state of being delicate or breakable. The fragility of your grandmother's juice glasses might make you nervous about taking even one sip.
An object's fragility makes it likely to get broken or damaged, and a person's fragility means that he's not physically strong. New parents are often worried about the fragility of their newborn baby, and being sick can emphasize a person's fragility. Another way to use the word is to mean "vulnerable" or "sensitive." When something's delicate or frail, you can call it fragile, and both words stem from the Latin root fragilis, "brittle or easily broken."
WORD FAMILY
fragility: fragilities+/ fragile: fragilely, fragiler, fragilest, fragility
USAGE EXAMPLES
They are 9-year-olds who connect through their knowledge of life’s fragility.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Mills’s wife, Miranda July, a writer and filmmaker with the steely fragility of a Buster Keaton, once anatomized guys like Mills in a short story.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
That fragility persists in her but it is fighting a losing battle today with her perky playfulness.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 脆弱，虚弱; 易碎性; 脆性; 脆弱性
分布：脆弱(94%)，虚弱(3%)，易碎(3%)
虚弱;脆弱(fragile+ity)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
ADJ-GRADED
脆弱的;不确定的
If you describe a situation as fragile, you mean that it is weak or uncertain, and unlikely to be able to resist strong pressure or attack.
例：The fragile economies of several southern African nations could be irreparably damaged...一些南非国家的脆弱经济可能会被彻底破坏，无法挽回。
例：The Prime Minister's fragile government was on the brink of collapse...首相领导的脆弱的政府处在瓦解边缘。
ADJ-GRADED
易碎的;易坏的
Something that is fragile is easily broken or damaged.
例：He leaned back in his fragile chair.他仰靠在那把摇摇晃晃的椅子上。
ADJ-GRADED
(外表)精致的，精巧的
Something that is fragile is very delicate or fine in appearance.
例：The haircut emphasised her fragile beauty.发型突出了她的精致之美。
ADJ-GRADED
虚弱的;无力的
If someone feels fragile, they feel weak, for example because they are ill or have drunk too much alcohol.
例：He felt irritated and strangely fragile, as if he were recovering from a severe bout of flu.他感到恼火和莫名其妙的虚弱，仿佛经历了一场重感冒，正在康复。
n. 脆弱； [力] 易碎性；虚弱
 - frangibility, friability

Word: powered
Front: powered
[ˈpaʊəd] (15859/14679)
Back: adj. 有动力装置的，用动力推动的
分布：有动力装置的(43%)，产生动力的(25%)，动词power的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)，装有发动机的(16%)
N-UNCOUNT
权力；权势；操纵力
If someone has power, they have a lot of control over people and activities.
例：She interviewed six women who have reached positions of great power and influence...她采访了6名身居高位，并且颇具影响力的女士。
例：In a democracy, power must be divided.在民主政体中，权力必须分制。
N-UNCOUNT
能力；才能
Your power to do something is your ability to do it.
例：Human societies have the power to solve the problems confronting them...人类社会有能力解决面临的问题。
例：Fathers have the power to dominate children and young people...父辈们有能力支配孩子们和年轻人的生活。
N-UNCOUNT
在…能力范围之内
If it is in or within your power to do something, you are able to do it or you have the resources to deal with it.
例：Your debt situation is only temporary, and it is within your power to resolve it...你的债务情况只是暂时的，你有能力解决好。
例：Although it is not in his power to do so, he said he would rebuild the Air Base...虽然这超出了他的能力范围，他还是说他会重建空军基地。
N-UNCOUNT
（法律赋予当权者的）权力，权限，职权
If someone in authority has the power to do something, they have the legal right to do it.
例：The Prime Minister has the power to dismiss and appoint senior ministers...首相有权任免高级部长。
例：The police have the power of arrest...警方有权拘捕。
N-UNCOUNT
政权；统治权
If people take power or come to power, they take charge of a country's affairs. If a group of people are in power, they are in charge of a country's affairs.
例：In 1964 Labour came into power...工党于1964年上台。
例：He first assumed power in 1970...他于1970年首次执政。
N-COUNT
强国；大国
You can use power to refer to a country that is very rich or important, or has strong military forces.
例：In Western eyes, Iraq is a major power in an area of great strategic importance.在西方人眼里，伊拉克是位于具有重要战略意义的地区的一个重要强国。
例：...the emergence of the new major economic power, Japan.新兴重要经济强国日本的崛起
N-UNCOUNT
动力；功率力
The power of something is the ability that it has to move or affect things.
例：The Roadrunner had better power, better tyres, and better brakes.“路行者”汽车的性能、轮胎和刹车都更好。
例：...massive computing power.强大的计算能力
N-UNCOUNT
能源；能量；（尤指）电力
Power is energy, especially electricity, that is obtained in large quantities from a fuel source and used to operate lights, heating, and machinery.
例：Nuclear power is cleaner than coal...核能比煤清洁。
例：Power has been restored to most parts that were hit last night by high winds...大部分昨晚遭大风袭击的地区已恢复供电。
VERB
给…提供能量；驱动（机器）
The device or fuel that powers a machine provides the energy that the machine needs in order to work.
例：The 'flywheel' battery, it is said, could power an electric car for 600 miles on a single charge...据说“飞轮”电池充电一次就能驱动电动汽车行驶600英里。
例：The planes are powered by Rolls Royce engines.这些飞机由劳斯莱斯公司制造的发动机提供动力。
ADJ
电动的
Power tools are operated by electricity.
例：...large power tools, such as chainsaws.大型电动工具，如链锯
例：...a power drill.电钻
N-SING
（数学中的）幂，乘方
In mathematics, power is used in expressions such as 2 to the power of 4 or 2 to the 4th power to indicate that 2 must be multiplied by itself 4 times. This is written in numbers as 24, or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2, which equals 16.
例：Any number to the power of nought is equal to one.任何数的0次方等于1。
PHRASE
当权者，当局（尤指对其不赞同或不能理解其言行）
You can refer to people in authority as the powers that be, especially when you want to say that you disagree with them or do not understand what they say or do.
例：The powers that be, in this case the independent Television Association, banned the advertisement altogether...掌权的，在这件事中即独立的电视协会，干脆禁播了那则电视广告。
例：The powers that be may keep us from building a house just where we want to.当局可能会阻止我们随意建房屋。
n. 促进（power的过去分词）；给…提供动力
 - promotion, acceleration, impetus

Word: nightstand
Front: nightstand
[ˈnaɪtstænd] (15856/-)
Back: 放在床头边的小桌
['naɪt.stænd] (also night table)
noun countable US for bedside table

Word: defector
Front: defector
[dɪˈfektə] (15798/23235)
Back: n. 逃兵，背叛者
分布：背叛者(62%)，叛离者(38%)
N-COUNT
叛逃者;背叛者;变节者
A defector is someone who leaves their country, political party, or other group, and joins an opposing country, party, or group.
n. 背叛者；逃兵；叛离者
 - cheater, lamaster

Word: impressed
Front: impressed
[ɪmˈprest] (宝 15881/4077 -K)
Vocabulary: impressed
(once / 243 pages)
adj
If you're impressed, then you like what you see or you feel like saying, "wow!" People are impressed by brains, beauty, money, and lots of other qualities.
To be impressed, something has to leave an impression on you — it has to be special or unusually good or particularly emotional enough that you remember it or it stands out. Colleges are impressed by high school students who get straight A's. Some people are impressed by fancy cars and clothes. Lots of people are impressed by famous actors and sports stars. If someone isn't wowed by very much, we say they aren't easily impressed.
WORD FAMILY
impressed: unimpressed+/ impress: impressed, impresses, impressible, impressing, impression, impressive, impressment/impressible: impressibly/ impression: impressionable, impressionistic, impressions/ impressionable: unimpressionable/ impressionistic: impressionistically/ impressive: impressively, impressiveness, unimpressive/impressment: impressments/unimpressive: unimpressively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But, it was the massive tulip poplar that impressed him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also impressed on the students that they were just playing a game.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Not that Baldwin seemed too impressed about it afterward.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 印象深刻的
v. 使感动，使印象深刻( impress的过去式和过去分词)
分布：印象(82%)，影响(7%)，印记(4%)，特征(3%)，传送(2%)，印刻(1%)，使 ... 有印象(1%)
【参】impressionable（adj 容易受感动的；易受影响的）；
VERB
给…深刻印象;使钦佩
If something impresses you, you feel great admiration for it.
例：What impressed him most was their speed...最令他佩服的是他们的速度。
例：...a group of students who were trying to impress their girlfriends...一群竭力想让女友刮目相看的学生
VERB
使铭记;使谨记
If you impress something on someone, you make them understand its importance or degree.
例：I had always impressed upon the children that if they worked hard they would succeed in life...我总让孩子们牢记努力工作就会成功。
例：I've impressed upon them the need for more professionalism...我已使他们深刻认识到提高专业素养的必要性。
VERB
使…注意到;给…留下印象
If something impresses itself on your mind, you notice and remember it.
例：But this change has not yet impressed itself on the minds of the British public.但这一变化还没有引起英国公众的注意。
VERB
给…留下(…的)印象
If someone or something impresses you as a particular thing, usually a good one, they gives you the impression of being that thing.
例：Billy Sullivan had impressed me as a fine man.比利·沙利文给我留下的印象是他是个很不错的人。
adj. 印象深刻的；外加的；受感动的；了不起的
 - touched, marvelous

Word: payday
Front: payday
[ˈpeɪdeɪ] (15829/44858)
Vocabulary: payday
(once / 14592 pages)
n
When you have a job, your payday is the day you get paid. You might wait to buy yourself a new outfit until after payday.
Some jobs have a weekly payday — maybe Fridays are payday at the ice cream shop where you work. In other cases, you have to wait two weeks, or even a month, between paydays. You can also use payday to mean a sudden success or influx of money, either earned or won: "That movie brought a huge payday to its producers." Since 1932, there's also been a peanut and nougat-based candy bar called PayDay.
WORD FAMILY
payday: paydays
USAGE EXAMPLES
Case in point is the onslaught against payday lenders, and a lawsuit presents an opportunity to expose an extralegal cross-agency campaign.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Payday lenders offer small loans, usually for just a few hundred dollars, and expect repayment once borrowers get their next paycheck.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
A payday loan, or a cash advance, is typically $500 or less.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 发薪日
分布：发薪日(80%)，交割日(15%)，支付日(5%)
noun uncountable
■the day on which a worker receives their pay 发放工资日，发薪日
n. 发薪日；交割日
 - settlement day

Word: orgy
Front: orgy
[ˈɔ:dʒi] (15880/14476 -1)
Vocabulary: orgy
(once / 2196 pages)
n
If you have an orgy of presents or snacks or even new ideas, you have so many it's almost obscene. In this figurative use, orgy means an event where there is just too much of a good thing!
The word orgy comes from the Greek orgia meaning "secret rites" which referred to the secret rites of Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and love-making. An orgy is a gathering of a number of people that involves sex and drinking. You can use the word orgy to refer to any intense, excessive activity. Before school starts in the fall, most kids get to go on an orgy of shopping for clothes and school supplies.
WORD FAMILY
orgy: orgiastic, orgies+/orgiastic: orgiastically
USAGE EXAMPLES
I missed all of its orgy scenes — I was always one room away.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Life, according to Mitchell and “Shortbus,” should be one big orgy.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Meanwhile, there are holidays to celebrate with raves, orgies and unconditional support.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 狂欢; 放荡; （秘密举行的）酒神节
分布：放荡(59%)，纵酒狂欢(41%)
→来自希腊语orgia,神秘仪式，尤指祭祀酒神Bacchus的仪式，来自werg,工作，做工，举行仪式，词源同organ,work.因在这种仪式上通常会大量饮酒，酒后乱性，通常演变成狂欢会，纵欲会甚至最终出现极其淫荡的场面。
【记】原指古希腊或罗马时代宗教团体中的一种神秘仪式，表现为狂乱的歌唱、跳舞、饮酒和性行为分解：or＋gy（gay同性恋）－哦，同性恋－性放纵
US ['ɔ:r-] noun countable
■an occasion when a group of people behave in a wild uncontrolled way, especially involving sex, alcohol or illegal drugs （尤指纵情酒色或毒品的）狂欢聚会
• drunken orgies 纵酒狂欢会
an orgy of sth disapproving
■a period when there is too much of something, usually a bad or harmful activity 对（通常指不好或有害的活动）的放纵
• The protest degenerated into an orgy of looting and shooting. 抗议演变成了大肆抢掠和胡乱射击。
• When she got her first salary cheque, she indulged in an orgy of spending. 当她拿到第一张薪金支票后，她放任自己尽情消费。
n. 狂欢；放荡
 - revelry, whoop-de-do

Word: inconsequential
Front: inconsequential
[ɪnˌkɒnsɪˈkwenʃl] (宝 15884/19452)
Vocabulary: inconsequential
(once / 9227 pages)
adj
If something is considered of little worth or importance, it is inconsequential. If astronomers forecast a tremendous meteor shower, it might turn out to be no more than space junk, too inconsequential to record.
You can use the adjective inconsequential to describe things that just don’t matter or are of no relevance, as in "the rainy forecast is totally inconsequential — the bowling tournament is inside!" It also describes things that don't make sense in a certain order, "trying to win their votes is inconsequential: the election's over." Something small or minor can be inconsequential too, though the red bump on your nose on picture-day may not seem as inconsequential to you as it does to the photographer.
WORD FAMILY
inconsequential: inconsequentially+/ consequence: consequences, consequential / consequent: consequence, consequenter, consequently, inconsequent/ consequential: consequentially, inconsequential / consequently: consequentlys/inconsequence: inconsequences/inconsequent: inconsequence, inconsequently
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Pettibon moved to New York roughly seven years ago, a change he said was inconsequential.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Good: While it might seem an inconsequential accessory to some, our favorite thing about the M-1 was its carrying case.
Time(Dec 20, 2016)
Trump brushed off his sharing of alt-right messages on social media as inconsequential — the sort of thing that just happens on Twitter.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: adj. 不重要的，无足轻重的，不值得考虑的
分布：不合逻辑的(46%)，不重要的(34%)，不合理的(20%)
→in-,不，非，consequential,结论的，重要的。
【记】consequential（adj 结果的；重要的；有影响力的）
【反】crucial（adj 至关紧要的）
US [-ˌkɑ:nt-] adjective
■not important 不重要的，微不足道的
• an inconsequential matter/remark 无足轻重的事情／言论
• Most of what she said was pretty inconsequential. 她说的大部分内容无关紧要。
adj. 不重要的；不合理的；不合逻辑的
 - unreasonable, small, trivial, unimportant

Word: brood
Front: brood
[bru:d] (四六雅宝 14517/15462 -1)
Vocabulary: brood
(once / 359 pages)
1v 2n 3v
A brood is a group of young born at the same time — like a brood of chicks — but your parents might use the word for you and your siblings: "We're taking the whole brood to the movies tonight."
Brood is also what a chicken does when she sits on her eggs to hatch them. You can also brood, when you worry and sulk and dwell on something obsessively — maybe as tedious as sitting on eggs, but no chicks when you're done. Things like clouds or silence can also brood, hanging over something ominously, as a storm that broods over the sea, sending fishermen scurrying for safety.
WORD FAMILY
brood: brooded, brooder, brooding, broods+/brooder: brooders/ brooding: broodingly, broodings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Throughout the finished film — lent a brooding quality by its stark landscapes; misty, desaturated palette; and figures often seen in silhouette — his influence is unmistakable.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
One aria speaks of “you scum of the world,” of “dragon’s brood” spitting venom in the Saviour’s face.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
His mother was a public-school teacher who quit her job to raise her brood; nine of her cousins and three of her aunts were nuns.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 孵蛋; 沉思; 焦急地考虑
n. （雏鸡、鸟等的）一窝; 一家的孩子
时态：brooded, brooding, broods
分布：孵(30%)，一窝(25%)，沉思(25%)，一伙(11%)，一组事物(5%)，一家孩子(2%)，笼罩(2%)
→来自breed, 繁殖，孵化。原指母鸡孵蛋过程中的暴躁症状，后指忧虑。
【记】鸡在孵蛋的时候，苦想有几只男鸡，几只女鸡。
noun countable
■a group of young birds all born at the same time 一窝雏鸟
• The blackbird flew back and forth to its brood. 画眉飞来飞去的，忙于哺育幼雏。
■humorous
■a person's young children 某人的孩子
• Ann was at the party with her brood. 安和她的孩子们参加了聚会。
[bru:d] verb intransitive
■to think for a long time about things that make you sad, worried or angry 忧思，担忧；怨忿地想
• I wish she wouldn't sit brooding in her room all day. 我希望她不要整天呆在房间里忧心忡忡的。
fret, care, brood, worry
这组词都有“烦恼、担忧”的意思，其区别是：
fret: 通常指因悲哀、焦虑或忧愁等所困扰的心理状态。
care: 多指极强烈的关心和忧虑。常带纯客观的意味。
brood: 语气比worry强，多指沉思、沮丧或忧郁。
worry: 普通用词，着重使人焦虑、烦恼或深深不安。
vt. 孵；沉思
 - meditate on, be deep in thought
n. 一窝；一伙
 - gang, tribe

Word: wrongful
Front: wrongful
[ˈrɒŋfl] (15863/16898 -1)
Back: adj. 不正当的; 不合法的
分布：不正当的(69%)，不讲道理的(21%)，不法的(10%)
US ['rɑ:ŋ-] adjective
■describes actions that are unfair or illegal 不公平的；非法的
• She is claiming damages from the company for wrongful dismissal. 她因被非法解雇而向公司索偿。
• wrongful arrest/imprisonment 非法逮捕／入狱
adj. 不正当的；不讲道理的；不合法的
 - unjustified, illicit

Word: disprove
Front: disprove
[ˌdɪsˈpru:v] (托宝 15886/14282 -1)
Vocabulary: disprove
(once / 2486 pages)
v
When you disprove something, you argue against it or give evidence that it's not true. A student falsely accused of cheating on a test will work hard to disprove it.
Even though it took years to be acknowledged, Galileo's theory that the planets revolve around the sun managed eventually to disprove previous ideas that the Earth was at the center of the universe. If your friends think your family is ridiculously wealthy, you can disprove this idea by showing them the tiny house you live in and the beat up old car your dad drives. The Old French source of disprove is desprover, "refute or contradict."
WORD FAMILY
disprove: disproved, disprover, disproves, disproving+/disprover: disprovers/provable: provability, provably, unprovable/ prove: disprove, provable, proved, proven, proves, proving/proved: provedly, unproved/proven: unproven/unprovable: unprovably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The test neither definitively proves nor disproves residents’ belief about the new trains.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
How scientific is a theory unable to name a condition that disproves that theory?
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
Police say evidence disproving it included surveillance footage.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 反驳; 证明…是虚假的
时态：disproved, disproving, disproves
分布：提出 ... 的反证(50%)，证明 ... 是不对的(50%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。prove, 证实。即相反的证明，反驳，证明是错误的。
证明为假,反证(dis反+prove→反证)[prob,prov=test表示"测试,证明"]
【记】prove（vt 证明；证实）
verb transitive
■to prove that something is not true 证明…是虚假的；驳倒
• The allegations have been disproved. 那些说法已被证明是不实之词。
vt. 反驳，证明…是虚假的
 - refute, contradict

Word: silt
Front: silt
[sɪlt] (托宝 15872/16816 -1)
Vocabulary: silt
(once / 5964 pages)
nv
Silt is the fine bits of clay and sand that become sediment settling at the bottom of a river or lake. If there's a lot of silt flowing in a river, it looks murky.
Silt is the super-fine dirt that you might see at the bottom of a lake or river. When your feet touch silt it feels slimy, and once it’s stirred it up the water looks muddy. Where the Mississippi River enters the Gulf of Mexico, a lot of silt has been deposited and over time has built up a portion of land called the Mississippi Delta. The region surrounding this accumulation of silt is home to music called the Delta Blues.
WORD FAMILY
silt: silted, silting, silts, silty
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, the excavation of an adjacent settlement preserved in the river silts threw open another window on to life in Bronze Age Britain.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
But officials suspect the silting is the result of the heavy rains and flooding that occurred in Houston earlier this year.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The coast lies far to the south; the result of centuries of silt deposited by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 淤泥，泥沙
vi. 被淤塞; 淤积
vt. 使淤积; 充塞
时态：silted, silting, silts
分布：淤泥(100%)
→来自古英语 sealt,盐，词源同 salt.原指海水沉积物，后引申词义淤泥，淤沙，淤积，淤塞等。
noun uncountable
■sand or soil which is carried along by flowing water and then dropped, especially at a bend in a river or at a river's opening （尤指河湾或河口处的）淤泥，泥沙
[sɪlt] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] silt (sth) up
■to become blocked with silt, or to cause something to become blocked with silt （使）淤塞
• The harbour silted up many years ago. 这座港口多年前就已淤塞了。
n. 淤泥， [地质] 泥沙；煤粉；残渣
 - residual, sullage
vi. 淤塞，充塞；为淤泥堵塞
 - stagnate
vt. 使淤塞；充塞
 - land up

Word: evaluator
Front: evaluator
[ɪ'væljʊeɪtə(r)] (15891/27988)
Back: n. 求值程序
分布：评价者(100%)
n. 评估员； [电子] 鉴别器；求值程序
 - discriminator

Word: jumpsuit
Front: jumpsuit
[ˈdʒʌmpsu:t] (15837/41164)
Back: n. 连衣裤，（尤指女式）连衣裤
分布：连身衣裤(67%)，伞兵跳伞服(33%)
US [-su:t] noun countable
■a piece of clothing which covers both the upper body and the legs 连衫裤

Word: tumble
Front: tumble
[ˈtʌmbl] (研四六托雅 5472/6023 -2)
Vocabulary: tumble
(once / 242 pages)
1vn 2v 3nv 4v
When you tumble, you fall abruptly. You might trip over your shoelaces and tumble down a hill while flying a kite if you're not careful.
To suddenly topple over or trip and fall to the ground is to tumble. Toddlers often tumble in sandboxes, while running on sidewalks, or as they climb down stairs. There's another way to tumble that is more deliberate: the form of gymnastics that involves roundoffs and back handsprings is called tumbling, and if you're able to do these tricks, you can tumble. The root is believed to be the Old English tumbian, "to dance about."
WORD FAMILY
tumble: tumbled, tumbler, tumbles, tumbling+/tumbler: tumblers/tumbling: tumblings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In fact, as Trump’s victory began to seem more likely on Election Night, stock-market futures did tumble.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
Bob – let’s call him – was emptying the tumble dryer and folding the clothes, I felt rather pointedly.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Harvesters often slip and tumble down canyon walls.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vi. 跌倒，摔倒; 被绊倒; 倒塌; 翻来覆去，翻腾
vt. 使跌倒; 使完全翻转; 弄乱，搞乱; 推翻，颠覆
n. 摔倒; （价格，价值等）暴跌; 混乱; 翻筋斗
时态：tumbled, tumbling, tumbles
分布：暴跌(31%)，跌倒(19%)，翻滚(18%)，倒塌(9%)，混乱(7%)，弄乱(5%)，明白(5%)，跌跤(5%)，突然发现(1%)
→来自古英语 tumbian,跳舞，跳跃，翻滚，来自 Proto-Germanic*tumona,旋转，转动，词源同 tumbler,tumbrel.-le,表反复。引申诸相关词义。
v.(使)摔倒;打滚,翻腾n.摔跤,跌倒All the passengers were tumbled out.所有的乘客都被抛出车外.
【记】源于：stumble（v 绊倒；蹒跚；结巴；踌躇）
verb intransitive
■to fall quickly and without control 跌倒；滚下，坠落；倒塌
• I lost my footing and tumbled down the stairs. 我一失足从楼梯上滚了下来。
• At any moment the whole building could tumble down. 整幢建筑随时有可能倒塌。
• He lost his balance and tumbled over. 他失去平衡摔倒了。
■to fall a lot in value in a short time （价值）暴跌，骤降
• Share prices tumbled yesterday. 昨天股票大跌。
■to move in an uncontrolled way, as if falling or likely to fall 跌跌撞撞地走
• An excited group of children tumbled out of school/the bus. 一群激动不已的孩子一窝蜂地跑出了学校／跑下了公共汽车。
['tʌm.bl] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  tumble to sth UK old-fashioned informal
■to suddenly understand something 突然明白，对…恍然大悟
• I think he's tumbled to our plan. 我觉得他已茅塞顿开，明白了我们的计划。
['tʌm.bl] noun countable
■when someone falls 摔倒，跌跤；跌落
• She had a nasty tumble on her way to work and grazed her arm. 她上班途中重重摔了一跤，擦伤胳膊。
['tʌm.bl] noun countable
take a tumble
■to fall suddenly to a lower level 急剧下降
• Company profits took a tumble last year. 去年公司利润急剧下降。
vi. 摔倒；倒塌；滚动；打滚；仓惶地行动
 - collapse, founder
vt. 使摔倒；使滚翻；弄乱
 - founder, mess
n. 跌倒；翻斤斗；跌跤
 - falling down, circumgyration

Word: well-dressed
Front: well-dressed
['wel'drest] (-1)
Back: adj. 穿着入时的; 穿着考究的; 穿得好的
分布：穿着入时的；穿着考究的(100%)
adjective
■wearing attractive and stylish clothes 衣着讲究的；穿着时髦的

Word: health-related

Word: secularism
Front: secularism
[ˈsekjələrɪzəm] (15937/29230)
Vocabulary: secularism
(once / 9991 pages)
n
Secularism is a way of life and thinking that rejects religion. So if you're into secularism, you're not into God, going to church, praying, or anything holy.
Some people dig religion. Other people don't. And it's those people that live a life of secularism, far removed from anything that has to do with God or church. Instead of worrying about heaven or hell, secularism focuses on life as it is on Earth. People who are secularists particularly believe that religious ideas and beliefs should have nothing to do with government affairs or public education.
WORD FAMILY
secularism: secularist+/ secular: secularise, secularism, secularize, secularly, seculars/secularise: secularisation, secularised, secularising/secularist: secularists/secularization: secularizations/secularize: secularization, secularized, secularizes, secularizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
At least one woman was fined by police for not wearing an outfit deemed to respect “good morals and secularism”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
The Russian leader was fighting the “militant secularism of a multicultural and transnational elite.”
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
But in many ways Jamshed’s life encapsulated the long struggle in Pakistan — an overwhelmingly Muslim nation of 180 million people — between secularism and orthodox Islam.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 现世主义; 世俗主义; 宗教与教育分离论; 政教分离论
分布：世俗主义(85%)，宗教与教育分离论(15%)
→secular,世俗的，-ism,主义。
US [-jə.lɚ-] noun uncountable
■the belief that religion should not be involved with the ordinary social and political activities of a country 现世主义；世俗主义

Word: realignment
Front: realignment
[ˌri:ə'laɪnmənt] (15855/15206)
Back: n. 重新排列; 重新定线; 改组
分布：重新排列(100%)
N-VAR
（公司、经济或体系的）重组
If a company, economy, or system goes through a realignment, it is organized or arranged in a new way.
例：...a realignment of the existing political structure.现存政治结构的重组
n. 重新排列；重新组合；改组
 - restructuring, reorganization

Word: ruefully
Front: ruefully
['ru:fəlɪ] (15842/12583)
Vocabulary: ruefully
(once / 2254 pages)
adv
When you do something in a way that expresses regret, you’re doing it ruefully. If someone asks you about your Saturday night and you smile ruefully in response . . . well . . . you probably made some poor choices.
The origin of the word ruefully is a Germanic word that means “repentance.” But over time the word has adopted a slightly humorous tone, so you can go ahead and shake your head ruefully at your friend who has just put his boot on the wrong foot — you feel a little bit sorry for him at the moment. You might grin ruefully when asked about how many pairs of shoes you bought on your trip.
WORD FAMILY
rueful: ruefulest, ruefully, ruefulness+/ rue: rued, rueful, rueing, rues, ruing/ruefulness: ruefulnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hens recalls ruefully that she did not try to shield her sons from their brutal father.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
When one attendee pointed this out, another ruefully shook her head and mumbled, “That’s how it always goes.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
“And for a while,’’ he added, ruefully, “I did.’
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adv. 悲伤地; 可怜地; 悲惨地; 悔恨地
分布：可怜地(44%)，悲伤地(42%)，悔恨地(14%)
ADJ-GRADED
后悔的;懊悔的;遗憾的
If someone is rueful, they feel or express regret or sorrow in a quiet and gentle way.
例：He shook his head and gave me a rueful smile...他摇了摇头，遗憾地对我笑了笑。
例：'Our marriage was a mistake,' she said, looking rueful.“我们的婚姻是个错误，”她说着，看起来懊悔不已。
adv. 可怜地；悲伤地
 - pitifully, piteously

Word: feral
Front: feral
[ˈferəl] (宝 15951/22642)
Vocabulary: feral
(once / 12185 pages)
adj
When animal control finds a feral dog, they have to handle it very carefully because the animal is so wild that it's probably afraid of humans and likely to bite.
Feral is often used to describe a wild, untamed animal, like the feral cat with its claws and sharp teeth menacingly bared, ready to strike. Qualities that are similar to a wild animal can also be called feral. The child who grew alone up in a cabin in the woods, and who didn't go to school, was called feral when she ran away from the orphanage.
WORD FAMILY
feral: ferally
USAGE EXAMPLES
The place was snugly feral, lacquered with graffiti, some of it added during shooting.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
But he gets quite adept at violence; he grows feral.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Friends of 29-year-old Feral Pines say she identified with that name and are fighting to keep her birth name off some official records.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. （动物）野生的，未驯的，野蛮的
分布：野生的(58%)，凶猛的(42%)
→来自ghwer, 野的，野生动物，词源同fierce, panther.
野生的;凶猛的[fer=wild(野)]
【记】feral的人令人fearfer＝fur皮毛，al＝all：全身都是毛－凶猛的
【反】cultivated（adj 耕耘的；有教养的；驯化的）
adjective
■existing in a wild state, especially describing an animal that was previously kept by people 野生的（尤指原为家养的动物）
• feral dogs/cats 野狗／猫
adj. [生态] 野生的；凶猛的；阴郁的
 - fierce, wild, sad, fell, gray

Word: genteel
Front: genteel
[dʒenˈti:l] (托宝 15890/15261 -1)
Vocabulary: genteel
(once / 1497 pages)
adj
Although the adjective genteel means high-class and refined, it is often used today in a somewhat mocking tone, as though good manners and elegance are passé. Still, it would be nice if more people were a little more genteel.
The word genteel comes from the Old French word gentil, "high-born, noble." We can see the similarity to the word gentle, as in gentleman and gentlewoman. The word is especially powerful in describing Chaucer's Knight in the Canterbury Tales as "a verray, parfit gentil knyght" — "a true, perfect, noble knight," dignified, patrician, and as genteel as they come. Today, it describes someone elegant, fashionable, and well-bred. Picture someone in riding jodhpurs reading "Town and Country" while astride a magnificent show horse.
WORD FAMILY
genteel: genteeler, genteelest, genteelly, genteelness+/genteelness: genteelnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was his “genteel, Southern” Aunt Dottie, a Baton Rouge resident, who first suggested over dinner he write a children’s book.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Even in countries such as Sweden, where politics was once genteel and thoroughly, well, boring, far-right populists are rising rapidly.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
On other songs, like “_____45_____,” a delirious riff between Vernon and a saxophone, he was minimal and genteel, bending his voice away from the beat.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 文雅的; 有礼貌的; 有教养的; 上流社会的
分布：有教养的(60%)，文雅的(40%)
→来自词根gen, 生育，词源同generate. 原指出生高贵的，优雅的，后词义贬义化。
高雅的;有礼貌的(gent+eel→出身好的→高雅的;gentle"温柔的"变体)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
【记】源于gentle（adj 温和的；文雅的）；gentleman（n 绅士）
【参】gentility[SAT]（n 有教养；文雅）
【反】churlish（adj 粗野的；脾气坏的）；loutish（adj 粗野无礼的）
US [-'ti:l] adjective
■having or typical of a high social class 上流社会的；上流社会典型的
• a genteel old lady 上流社会的老夫人
• The mansion had an atmosphere of genteel elegance and decay. 这座大宅透出上流社会的高贵典雅，也散发着衰败的气息。
■being very polite, or trying too hard to seem of a higher social class than you really are 彬彬有礼的；故作高贵的，假装上等人的
• He took elocution lessons to try to make his accent sound more genteel. 为了尽量使自己的口音听起来更像上流社会人士，他修了教授演讲技巧的课程。
■calm and gentle 平静和缓的；安静温和的；不粗暴的
• The game seemed to be a more genteel version of American football. 这种比赛看起来像橄榄球比赛的温和版。
adj. 有教养的，文雅的；上流社会的
 - refined, cultivated, fashionable, educated, mild

Word: t-test
Front: t-test
['ti:t'est] None
Back: t 检验

Word: syndicate
Front: syndicate
[ˈsɪndɪkət] (雅 15820/10244 -2)
Vocabulary: syndicate
(once / 973 pages)
nv
A syndicate is a group of corporations working for a common interest. A syndicate might collectively raise money for a real estate project. A syndicate sometimes has a criminal side — it can also describe a similar alliance of gangsters.
Syndicate entered English in the 17th century from the French word syndicat, meaning "representative of a corporation." The Lloyd's of London insurance group is an early example of a syndicate. Syndicate can also describe an agency that sells the rights to copyrighted material, such as feature articles, to newspapers or magazines. The word has a verb form as well. If you work for a syndicate, you might syndicate the classic "Peanuts" cartoon strip in hundreds of newspapers around the world.
WORD FAMILY
syndicate: syndicated, syndicates, syndicating, syndication, syndicator+/syndication: syndications/syndicator: syndicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many nefarious individuals and groups, such as poachers, corrupt government officials and organized crime syndicates, benefit from these illegal sales.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Illegal ivory ends up on the legal market after being smuggled into the country, chiefly by criminal syndicates.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The global trade, thought to be worth around $10 billion annually, is run by international criminal syndicates, sometimes with help from African rebel groups.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 辛迪加，企业联合组织，财团
时态：syndicated, syndicating, syndicates
分布：联合组织(50%)，企业联合(50%)
→syn-,一起，-dic,说话，命令，-ate,名词后缀。用于指财团或企业联合组织。
noun
GROUP 组织
countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a group of people or companies who join together in order to share the cost of a particular business operation for which a large amount of money is needed 联盟；私人联合会；企业联合组织
• A syndicate of banks is/are financing the deal. 一个银行联盟将为这笔交易提供资金。
['sɪn.dɪ.kət] noun
NEWSPAPERS 报刊
countable
■an organization that supplies articles and photographs to different newspapers and magazines for publishing （向不同报刊杂志提供稿件和照片的）报纸杂志联盟
n. 辛迪加；企业联合；财团
 - consortium, cartel

Word: chafe
Front: chafe
[tʃeɪf] (托宝 15894/20732)
Vocabulary: chafe
(once / 1220 pages)
1vn 2vn
To chafe is to irritate or annoy. If your shoes chafe you, they rub your skin raw. Ouch. If you chafe at the suggestion that you should be studying more, the suggestion rubs you the wrong way.
Chafe originally meant to warm, like a chafing dish on a hotel buffet. Though this may seem like a big jump, think of when your hands are cold and you rub them together to warm them up. So you can say that rubbed skin is kind of hot as is a temper flaring up from irritation. If you are a hot head, you are easily chafed.
WORD FAMILY
chafe: chafed, chafes, chafing+/chafing: chafings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The GB cycling team banned bikini waxes during the Olympics because the hair protects against chafing.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
But it wasn’t long before Michael was chafing against the creative restrictions, and the low expectations, placed upon a gorgeous teen idol.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
As Chafe observes, the St. John Passion stresses Jesus’ messianic nature and accentuates oppositions between good and evil.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 擦热（尤指皮肤）; 擦痛; 发怒; 惹怒
n. 擦伤
时态：chafed, chafing, chafes
分布：擦伤(38%)，激怒(21%)，擦痛(15%)，摩擦(13%)，气恼(13%)
→来自拉丁词calefacere, 擦热。cal, 热，见calorie, 卡路里, -fac, 做，使，见fact, beautify.现词现义主要指激怒。
【记】读：重复。摩擦生热就是一种重复运动。chase（n /v 追逐）容易chafe
verb
RUB 摩擦
intransitive or transitive
■to make or become damaged or sore by rubbing （使）擦伤；（使）擦破；（使）擦痛
• The bracelet was so tight that it started to chafe (my wrist). 这手镯太紧，把我（的手腕）都擦痛了。
transitive old-fashioned
■to warm a part of the body by rubbing 擦热，摩擦取暖
[tʃeɪf] verb
BE ANNOYED 恼火
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to be or become annoyed or lose patience because of rules or limits （因规则或约束）恼火，生气，不耐烦
• We have been chafing under petty regulations for too long. 我们为琐碎的规章制度而恼火已经很久了。
vt. 擦破；擦热；擦痛；激怒
 - anger, provoke
vi. 擦伤；磨擦；激怒
 - brush burn, rub the wrong way
n. 擦伤；气恼
 - brush-burn, abrasion

Word: overseer
Front: overseer
[ˈəʊvəsɪə(r)] (15868/16167)
Back: n. 监工，监督者
分布：工头(86%)，监督人(14%)
→来自oversee,监督，监管。即监管者，监工。
US ['oʊ.vɚˌsi:.ɚ] mainly old use
noun countable
■a person whose job it is to make certain that employees are working or that an activity is being done correctly 监工，工头
n. 监督；工头
 - supervision, surveillance, boss, capataz

Word: sidekick
Front: sidekick
[ˈsaɪdkɪk] (15887/22801)
Back: n. [非正式，俚]亲近的同事或朋友; [俚]死党; 好友; [非正式，俚]助手
分布：助手(100%)
→side,边，侧，kick,踢。比喻用法。
['saɪd.kɪk] informal
noun countable
■a person who works with someone who is more important than they are 助手；随从
• I've been his sidekick for long enough - it's time I found myself something better to do. 我当他助手的时间已经够长了——是该为自己找点更好的事情来做的时候了。
n. 伙伴，老朋友；插袋
 - partner, comrade, mates

Word: assail
Front: assail
[əˈseɪl] (托宝 15900/15181 -1)
Vocabulary: assail
(once / 317 pages)
v
To assail is to attack or assault — with throwing stars, fists, words or, less tangibly but just as violently, with troubles or doubts.
Believe it or not, assail evolved from the ancient Latin word assilire, which means "to jump on." So picture an attacker jumping on you, throwing punches and maybe some insults, too. Because assail also means to ridicule or heap your worries upon someone. As novelist Charlotte Bronte noted, “Conventionality is not morality. Self-righteousness is not religion. To attack the first is not to assail the last.” Think on that.
WORD FAMILY
assail: assailable, assailant, assailed, assailing, assails, reassail+/assailable: assailability, assailably, unassailable / assailant: assailants/reassail: reassailed/ unassailable: unassailablest, unassailably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Taylor was assailed as a husband stealer, Fisher as a deserter.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Taylor was assailed as a husband stealer, Fisher as a deserter of his family.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
France’s far right and the conservative opposition assailed the Socialist government as lax.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. 攻击，袭击; （用言论）指责; 质问; 着手解决
时态：assailed, assailing, assails
分布：言语抨击(50%)，猛烈攻击(50%)
→前缀as-同ad-，在字母s开头词根前同化为as-. -sail来自词根sal, 跳，见salmon,鲑鱼，跳鱼。此处指攻击。
攻击,进攻(as一再+sail[=sal]→一再跳起来→攻击)[sal=leap,表示"跳"]
[ə'seɪl] formal
verb
transitive
■to attack someone violently or criticize someone strongly 攻击，袭击；抨击
• The victim had been assailed with repeated blows to the head and body. 受害者的头部和身体遭到连续重击。
• He was assailed with insults and abuse as he left the court. 他离开法庭时，遭到众人辱骂。
transitive often passive
■to cause someone to experience a lot of unpleasant things 困扰；使苦恼
• to be assailed by doubts/fears/problems 为疑虑／恐惧／问题所困扰
vt. 攻击；质问；着手解决
 - have at, come at

Word: starry
Front: starry
[ˈstɑ:ri] (15866/20671)
Back: adj. 布满星星的
级别：starrier, starriest
分布：星光照耀的(58%)，闪亮的(42%)
→star,星星，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['stɑ:r.i] adjective
■lit by stars or shining like a star 星光照耀的；像星星一样闪亮的
• a starry night/sky 繁星点点的夜晚／天空
adj. 布满星星的；闪闪发光的；星光照耀的；星形的
 - sparkling, stellate

Word: reconstitute
Front: reconstitute
[ˌri:ˈkɒnstɪtju:t] (宝 15898/15147 -1)
Back: vt. 再组成，再构成; 加水使（脱水食物）复原
时态：reconstituted, reconstituting, reconstitutes
分布：重组(70%)，使恢复原状(30%)
→re-,再，重新，constitute,建立。
重新制定;泡水还原(re重新+constitute构成)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
【记】re重新，constitute（v 组成）
【参】reconstruct（v 重建）
【反】dehydrate（v 使脱水）
US [-'kɑ:n.stə.tu:t] verb transitive
■to change food that has been dried back into its original form by adding water 使（脱水食物）复原
• The powdered milk/egg can be reconstituted by adding water. 奶／鸡蛋粉可以加水复原成牛奶／鸡蛋。
■to change an organization so that it has a different form 重组；改组；改编
• The Health Education Council has been reconstituted as the Health Education Authority. 健康教育委员会已经改组为健康教育局。
vt. 重新设立；重新组成
 - reform

Word: sterilization
Front: sterilization
[ˌsterəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (15940/36901)
Back: n. 杀菌，绝育; 灭菌
分布：灭菌(53%)，消毒(47%)
(UK usually sterilisation) [ˌster.ɪ.laɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
STOP CHILDREN 绝育
■the process of having a medical operation to make it impossible to have children 绝育； 结扎
• My wife and I have discussed sterilization, but we haven't made a decision about it yet. 我和妻子商量过结扎，不过我们还没有拿定主意。
(UK usually sterilisation) [ˌster.ɪ.laɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] noun uncountable
CLEANING 消毒
■the process of making something completely clean and free from bacteria 消毒，灭菌
• The needles have been sent off for sterilization. 那些针头送去消毒了。
n. 消毒， [医] [食品] 杀菌；使不孕；无用状态
 - disinfection, antisepsis

Word: dill
Front: dill
[dɪl] (15830/28578 -1)
Back: n. <植>小茴香; <园艺>莳萝，莳萝的种子; 草茴香
分布：莳萝(67%)，小茴香(33%)
→词源不详。
noun uncountable
■a herb whose seeds and thin feathery leaves are used in cooking 莳萝，小茴香
• dill pickles 小茴香泡菜
• 1 tsp fresh dill, chopped 一茶匙鲜莳萝碎末
n. [园艺] 莳萝；莳萝的种子
 - cumin

Word: liquidity
Front: liquidity
[lɪˈkwɪdəti] (15843/8348)
Vocabulary: liquidity
(once / 4142 pages)
n
Liquidity refers to a state where something is in liquid form, like water. It can also refer to having cash or access to cash. Liquidity means things are flowing.
Although liquidity refers to…surprise! being a liquid, it’s usually used in a financial sense. Financially, liquidity refers to having access to cash or things you can sell and turn into cash. In other words, you have good cash flow. Liquidity can also apply to any situation that is marked by fluidity or runniness. You hope your new swimming pool is in a state of liquidity, and that you have enough financial liquidity to pay for it!
WORD FAMILY
liquid: liquidise, liquidity, liquidize, liquidly, liquidness, liquids, liquify, semiliquid+/liquidise: liquidiser, liquidizer/liquidize: liquidized, liquidizing/liquify: liquifiable, liquified, liquifies, liquifying
USAGE EXAMPLES
That should improve bank liquidity and in turn encourage more lending to boost economic growth.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“There’s no liquidity. We are losing our export market. As an agricultural territory, we are moving backward.”
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The bank, in a document posted on its website on Wednesday, said that its €11 billion in liquidity would last about four months.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 流动性; 流动资金; 资产流动性; <财>资产折现力
分布：流动性(96%)，流动资产(2%)，液态(1%)，资产折现力(1%)
→来自liquidate,使清算，使清偿。引申词义资产的变现能力。
N-UNCOUNT
资产流动性；资产折现力
In finance, a company's liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available.
例：The company maintains a high degree of liquidity.公司保持着很高的资产折现度。
例：...serious liquidity problems.严重的资产流动问题
n. [流] 流动性；流动资产； [金融] 偿债能力
 - fluidity, flowability

Word: tenderloin
Front: tenderloin
[ˈtendəlɔɪn] (15813/-)
Back: n. （牛、羊等的）腰部嫩肉; 腩; 里脊; 牛腩
分布：嫩腰肉(78%)，油水区(22%)
→tender,嫩的，loin,后腰。
US [-dɚ-] noun uncountable
■a strip of meat taken from the lower back of cows or pigs, which does not contain a lot of fat and is easy to cut or chew (= crush with the teeth) （牛或猪的）嫩肉，里脊肉，嫩腰肉

Word: punctuation
Front: punctuation
[ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn] (高 15876/12610)
Vocabulary: punctuation
(once / 2184 pages)
n
Punctuation is marking that clarifies sentences. if you write a sentence that is a string of words even if theyre good words but you do it without punctuation then it will look like this making your reader unhappy
Punctuation tells you when a sentence has come to an end, or if it's a question, and you can't write a sentence without at least one punctuation mark: the period. You can also use punctuation to talk about non-verbal emphasis. If you tell your dog to stop chewing your shoe, you might stamp your foot as punctuation. A slow speaker who chews slightly at the end of each sentence has an unfortunate kind of punctuation.
WORD FAMILY
punctuation: punctuations+/ punctuate: punctuated, punctuates, punctuating, punctuation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Patterns — including yards of circles, dancing squiggles and twinned images — fill “Paterson,” creating a vibrant visual punctuation to the otherwise relaxed storytelling.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
If the spelling and punctuation of that document are more than a little dated, its principles aren’t.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Never trust a man who over-uses exclamation marks: he’s not being witty, he’s just using punctuation to shout.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 标点法; 标点符号; 标点符号的使用; 点标点
分布：标点(99%)，强调(1%)
noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■(the use of) special marks that you add to writing to separate phrases and sentences, to show that something is a question, etc 标点符号；标点符号用法
• His letter was completely without punctuation. 他的信里一个标点符号也没有。
n. [遗] [语] 标点；标点符号
 - point, interpunction

Word: admiring
Front: admiring
[əd'maɪərɪŋ] (15911/14187)
Back: adj. 赞赏的，钦佩的
v. 赞赏( admire的现在分词 ); 称赞; 欣赏; <美口>想要
分布：赞赏的(53%)，羡慕的(40%)，动词admire的现在分词形式.(7%)
US [-'maɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
■showing admiration 钦佩的；羡慕的；赞赏的；欣赏的
• Annette was getting lots of admiring looks/glances in her new red dress. 安妮特穿着崭新的红色连衣裙，吸引了很多赞赏的目光。
• She was surrounded by a group of admiring photographers. 她被一群钦慕她的摄影师团团围住了。
adj. 赞赏的，羡慕的
 - applausive, envious

Word: feisty
Front: feisty
[ˈfaɪsti] (宝 15906/37845 -1)
Vocabulary: feisty
(once / 10954 pages)
1adj 2adj
Feisty is a word for someone who is touchy or quarrelsome. It can also mean to show and have courage.
If you're huffy or thin-skinned, you're feisty. Feisty people often seem to be itching for a fight. On the other hand, this has a more positive meaning. It may also describe a courageous or spirited person, especially one who is smaller or an underdog. A small boxer knocking out a huge opponent is feisty. Little dogs barking at huge dogs are feisty in both senses: they're being brave, but they're also a little too quick to open their yaps.
WORD FAMILY
feisty: feistier, feistiest, feistily
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We see qualities of ourselves in those feisty little rabbits,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
She wasn't tall and beautiful- she was pretty to look at but she was clever and feisty with a girl next door kind of persona.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
It is Ms. Lawrence’s feisty wonder woman who warms the movie with her sizzling volatility and intelligence.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 活跃的; 好争吵的; 精力充沛的; 烦躁不安的
级别：feistier, feistiest
分布：活跃的(64%)，易怒的(36%)
→缩写自fysting curre, 臭狗，词源同fart, 拟声词，放屁。后词义褒义化。
adjective
■active, forceful and full of determination 活跃的；精力充沛的；有决断力的
• a feisty lady 精神奕奕的女士
• He launched a feisty attack on the government. 他对政府作出了猛烈的抨击。
adj. 活跃的；好争吵的；烦躁不安的
 - active, excited, living, kinetic

Word: endearing
Front: endearing
[ɪnˈdɪərɪŋ] (宝 15909/19104 -1)
Vocabulary: endearing
(once / 3455 pages)
adj
Endearing describes something or someone extremely lovable, like a kitten or your friend's sense of humor.
The adjective endearing was originally used in the 1500s to mean "enhancing the value of," and by the 1640s it also meant "making dear or precious." It can still be used both ways, although the second meaning of endearing is most common. Any time you talk about a person or thing that's adorable or extremely likable, you can describe it as endearing.
WORD FAMILY
endearing: endearingly+/ dear: dearer, dearly, dearness, dears, endear /dearness: dearnesses/ endear: endeared, endearing, endearment, endears/ endearment: endearments
USAGE EXAMPLES
Like Canada itself, the gray jay is a pleasant surprise, comforting for its lack of pushiness and dramatics, endearing for its wit and poise.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
But the core of the xx — an endearing insecurity — hasn’t disappeared.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
All human life was there, for better, for worse, in victory and defeat, chaotic, corrupt, endearing, enraging, inspiring.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人喜欢的，讨人喜欢的
v. 使某人（自己）受某人喜欢(endear的现在分词); 令…喜欢某人/自己; “endear”的现在分词
分布：可爱的(67%)，惹人喜爱的(26%)，动词endear的现在分词形式.(7%)
【记】dear（adj 昂贵的；亲爱的）
【参】endearment（n 亲爱；钟爱）
US [-'dɪr.ɪŋ] adjective
■making someone like you 使人喜爱的；引人爱慕的
• She laughs at herself a lot which is always endearing. 她经常自嘲，大家都很欣赏她这一点。
adj. 可爱的；讨人喜欢的；引起爱情的
 - lovely, favorable, pleasant, pretty, taking

Word: cloak
Front: cloak
[kləʊk] (研四六 8441/6563 -1)
Vocabulary: cloak
(once / 254 pages)
nv
A cloak is anything that conceals or hides something, like an over-sized, dark raincoat you wear when you don't want your friends to see you're going to the movies without them.
As a noun, a cloak is usually a loose piece of clothing that you wear over your other clothes, like a cape or a gown. It especially refers to an outer garment that you might wear while traveling in order to protect your outfit or to conceal your identity. As a verb, to cloak is to conceal or hide something. If you were a famous person who wanted to go out alone, you might cloak your identity with a cloak.
WORD FAMILY
cloak: cloaked, cloaking, cloaks, uncloak+/uncloak: uncloaked, uncloaking, uncloaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
The whole process was slightly cloak and dagger but the non-retail nature only added to the allure of the sale.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
These images are by turn — and sometimes all at once — bold, unflinching, poetic, familiar, cloaked, direct, joyful, defiant, mischievous and suspicious.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
At the beginning of December, Paris was hit by some of the worst air pollution in a decade, leaving the Eiffel Tower cloaked in smog.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 披风，斗篷; 外套; 借口，掩饰; 覆盖物
vt. 遮盖，掩盖; 用外衣遮蔽
时态：cloaked, cloaking, cloaks
分布：隐匿(27%)，宽大外衣(22%)，遮掩(22%)，斗蓬(22%)，掩盖物(7%)
→来自clock,因形似钟而得名。
n.斗蓬,披风;掩饰,幌子vt.掩盖,掩饰Cousin saw a group of couples in cloaks soak their souls in the soapy soup.表哥看见一群穿着斗篷的夫妇在肥皂汤里浸泡灵魂.
US [kloʊk] noun
PIECE OF CLOTHING 衣服
countable
■a loose outer piece of clothing without sleeves, which fastens at the neck, and is worn instead of a coat 斗篷，披风
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] noun
HIDE 隐藏
[S or U]
■something which hides, covers or keeps something else secret 遮掩物；伪装；掩盖
• The restaurant he owned was just a cloak for (= hid) his drug-dealing activities. 他开那家餐馆不过是为他从事毒品交易作掩护。
• They left the house under cloak of darkness. 他们趁着天黑离开了那所房子。
UK [kləʊk] US [kloʊk] verb transitive
■to cover or hide something 掩藏，掩盖
• He has always kept his love affairs cloaked in secrecy (= kept them secret). 他总是隐瞒他的风流韵事。
• The river is often cloaked in mist in the early morning. 清晨，这条河上常常是雾霭弥漫。
cloak, mask, disguise
这组词都有“伪装”的意思，其区别是：
cloak: 指采取伪装来掩盖或隐藏真实面目或本性或企图。
mask: 本义为“面罩”，引申“掩饰”解时，指掩饰某物的真实性质或存在的伪装。
disguise: 指改变装束或外表以掩饰自己的真面目或冒充他人。有时仅指掩饰感情、动机或意图。
n. 斗蓬；宽大外衣；托词
 - subterfuge, cloke
vt. 遮掩；隐匿
 - overcurtain, obscure

Word: biz
Front: biz
[bɪz] (15902/34509 -1)
Back: n. 商业; 生意
分布：商业(64%)，生意(30%)，=business.(6%)
N-SING
娱乐业（尤指流行音乐或电影业）
Biz is sometimes used to refer to the entertainment business, especially pop music or films.
例：We asked women in the biz for their low-down on film-making.我们问了娱乐圈里的女性有关电影制作的内幕。
例：...a girl in the music biz.音乐界的一个女孩
n. 商业（等于business）
 - commerce, commercial business

Word: degenerate
Front: degenerate
[dɪˈdʒenəreɪt] (研六托雅 16007/11310 -1)
Vocabulary: degenerate
(once / 630 pages)
nadjv
If something degenerates, it gets worse, like a food fight that degenerates to an all-out spaghetti-throwing war. Degenerate can also describe an immoral person — or the behavior of such a person.
Whether used as a verb, noun, or adjective, degenerate carries a sense of making worse or decline — not living up to the standards set by your ancestors — or becoming unlike the people of your race or kind. People who are degenerate, or who exhibit degenerate behavior, are often set apart from others, in part out of fear that their influence will degenerate the morals of the impressionable people around them.
WORD FAMILY
degenerate: degeneracy, degenerated, degenerately, degenerates, degenerating, degeneration, degenerative+/degeneracy: degeneracies/ degeneration: degenerations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was critical of much of modern tennis, saying the sport had degenerated into a boring contest of baseline slugging.
Washington Post(Nov 15, 2016)
It was a delirious, degenerate pantomime of authority seized and undermined.
The New Yorker(Nov 11, 2016)
Toxic politics have degenerated to rank-and-file hatred of the other side.
Seattle Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 退化的; 堕落的; 变质的; 变性的
vt. 使退化; 恶化; 使变质; 衰减
vi. 退化; 堕落
n. 堕落的人; 腐化的人; 精神变态者; 退化的动物
时态：degenerated, degenerating, degenerates
分布：退化(55%)，堕落(22%)，堕落的(11%)，退化的(9%)，堕落的人(3%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-gen, 出生，词源同gene, generate. 原义为偏离祖训，有损祖先名声，后引申为堕落，恶化。
堕落;衰退(de坏+gener+ate→往坏产生→堕落)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
v.衰退,堕落,蜕化a.堕落的n.堕落者His health degenerates rapidly.他的健康迅速恶化.
【记】de坏，genera（n 种类，属）－使种类变坏一退化de坏，gene基因－使基因变坏一退化
【参】regenerate（vt 使新生；重建；改革）；generation（n 一代人）
US [-ə˞-/
■having low standards of behaviour 堕落的，颓废的
• a degenerate young man 堕落的年轻人
noun countable UK [dɪˈdʒen.ər.ət] US [-ə˞-] formal disapproving
■someone with low standards of behaviour 堕落的人，颓废的人
• They're just moral degenerates with no sense of decency. 他们这些人道德败坏，毫无廉耻之心。
vt. [数] [生物] 使退化；恶化
 - go ill, exasperate
vi. [数] [生物] 退化；堕落
 - go to seed, retrogress
adj. [数] [生物] 退化的；堕落的
 - fallen, degraded
n. 堕落的人
 - lost souls

Word: co-write

Word: Somali
Front: Somali
[səu'mɑ:li] (13041/13447)
Back: n. 索马里人；索马里语
adj. 索马里的
分布：索马里人(58%)，索马里的(42%)
noun countable adjective
■Somali 索马利亚的

Word: tantalize
Front: tantalize
[ˈtæntəlaɪz] (托宝 15919/33312 -1)
Vocabulary: tantalize
(once / 2643 pages)
v
When you tantalize people, you torment them in a specific way — by showing them something they want but can’t have. You could tantalize people with cavities and nut allergies by eating pecan pie in front of them.
The word tantalize comes from a Greek story about a guy named Tantalus who was so evil that the gods of the underworld came up with a special punishment just for him (they were really good at that). They put him in a pool of water that drained away every time he bent down to drink. There was also a tree above his head that whisked away its juicy apples every time he tried to pick one. So, it only makes sense that to tantalize someone is to torture them with what they cannot have.
WORD FAMILY
tantalize: tantalization, tantalized, tantalizer, tantalizes, tantalizing +/tantalization: tantalizations/tantalizer: tantalizers/ tantalizing: tantalizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Watson threw for one touchdown and rushed for two, but his most tantalizing play was neither.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
Last spring the band rolled into Le Poisson Rouge to provide a tantalizing preview of its third album, “The Constant,” which was released in August.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
And even if they do, there are tantalizing financial incentives to stay put.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 逗弄; 引诱; 折磨; 使干着急
时态：tantalized, tantalizing, tantalizes
分布：使着急(100%)
→来自拉丁语 Tantalus,来自希腊语 Tantalos,古希腊神话中的人物，传说中为古希腊城邦 Phrygia 国王，宙斯在凡间的私生子，恃宠而骄，蔑视诸神，为检验诸神是否如传说中一样能未卜先 知，将自己儿子杀死做成一桌菜款待诸神，诸神识破后为对他进行惩罚，将其绑在一池深水 的铁链上，水波刚好够到他的下巴，低头要喝水，水即流走，鲜果悬荡在其额头，仰头要吃 水果，果枝即晃走。因其引申该词义。
【记】源于：Tantalus丹达罗斯，因其犯罪而被打入阴间罚站在水中，当他想饮水时水流走，头上挂有水果，当他想拿水果时，水果却退开。Tan谈，tali＝tall，ze：谈论一个人的身高－挑逗
【反】alleviate（v 使减轻）；assuage（v 缓和）；ease（v 使悠闲；减轻）；relieve（v 减轻；解除）；comfort（v 安慰；缓和）；console（v 安慰）；solace（v 安慰）；satiate（v 满足）
US [-ə.laɪz] verb transitive
■to make someone feel excited or attracted by an offer or a suggestion of something which is, in fact, unlikely to happen 撩拨，惹弄，逗引
vt. 逗弄；使干着急
 - banter

Word: falcon
Front: falcon
[ˈfɔ:lkən] (托宝 14005/10291)
Vocabulary: falcon
(once / 759 pages)
nv
A falcon is a large hunting bird. Falcons are strong, with long wingspans and very sharp eyesight — not to mention their very sharp beaks.
Falcons use their powerful wings and vision to spot prey while flying and swoop down on it. They can fly rapidly and change direction very quickly. A falcon is a type of raptor, birds of prey that include eagles and vultures. The peregrine falcon, is the fastest-moving of all animals. The Latin root of falcon is probably falx, "curved blade or sickle," which describes the shape of the bird's talons and beak.
WORD FAMILY
falcon: falconed, falconer, falconing, falconry, falcons+/falconer: falconers/falconry: falconries
USAGE EXAMPLES
By early 2018, the company expects six additional Falcon 9 launches carrying 60 more of its satellites.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The Falcons dropped seven of their last nine games in 2015.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The theft transformed the manuscript into an object of obsession, a kind of Maltese Falcon, for a coterie of Inquisition scholars and rare-book collectors.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 猎鹰
分布：猎鹰(60%)，隼(33%)，轻炮(7%)
→来自拉丁语falcatus, 钩子，词源同falcate. 因其如同弯钩的爪子，腿，嘴而得名。
【记】读：俯瞰－鹰在发现目标的时候先会盘旋俯瞰，然后再捕食。Fall can：落下后才能捕食－鹰回忆：一去一条线（aquiline）adj 象鹰的；弯曲的
US ['fɑ:l-] noun countable
■a bird with pointed wings and a long tail which can be trained to hunt other birds and small animals 隼，鹰隼；猎鹰
n. [鸟] 猎鹰；隼
 - peregrin

Word: restaurateur
Front: restaurateur
[ˌrestərəˈtɜ:(r)] (15835/23714 -1)
Back: n. 餐馆老板
分布：餐馆老板(69%)，饭店主人(25%)，=restauranteur.(6%)
→来自 restaurant,餐馆，-eur,人。
US [-tɚ.ə'tɝ:] formal
noun countable
■a person who owns and manages a restaurant 饭店经理；餐馆老板；餐厅经理

Word: mirage
Front: mirage
[ˈmɪrɑ:ʒ] (托雅宝 15917/19977)
Vocabulary: mirage
(once / 2806 pages)
n
Next time you’re traveling in the desert, make sure you carry plenty of water. That enticing pool of water you see far away in the distance may be a mirage, or an optical illusion.
A mirage is created when light is distorted by layers of hot air. A mirage that looks like a body of water is actually an image of the sky. Even if you don’t spend much time in the desert, you may have noticed this phenomenon when driving on the highway on a hot day. Under certain conditions you can see in the distance what appears to be a puddle of water across the road. You’ll never reach the puddle, however: it’s just an illusion. The word mirage can be used in a more general sense to refer to anything that is unattainable or a false perception.
WORD FAMILY
mirage: mirages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scoreboards of prestige offer a handsome mirage of certitude, but our ongoing discussion about greatness remains unruly, public, perpetual and paramount.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s a group that includes Nova, who turns 30 in January eager to show the stuff he showed in late summer wasn’t a mirage.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Nudanu also won two nights at the Mirage in Las Vegas.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 海市蜃楼，幻景
分布：海市蜃楼(77%)，幻想(23%)
→可能来自miracle,奇迹，引申词义幻景，海市蜃楼。或来自mirror,镜子，引申词义反射，反射体。
奇景,海市蜃楼(mir+age状态→惊奇状态→奇景)[mir=wonder,look,表示"惊奇,看"]
【记】mir惊奇，age－使人惊奇之物－海市蜃楼
【参】miraculous（adj 神奇的）；mirror（n 镜子）
noun countable
■an image, produced by very hot air, of something which seems to be far away but does not really exist 海市蜃楼，蜃景，幻景
■literary
■a hope or wish that has no chance of being achieved 幻想，妄想
• Electoral victory is just a distant mirage. 选举获胜只是一个可望而不可即的美好幻景。
n. [气象] 海市蜃楼；幻想，妄想
 - Dessert Mirage, Fata Morgana

Word: masquerade
Front: masquerade
[ˌmæskəˈreɪd] (宝 15851/18650 -1)
Vocabulary: masquerade
(once / 1707 pages)
nv
To masquerade means "to pretend to be someone else." If you masquerade as a sweet, kind-hearted person, you present that image to the world, hiding your true identity as a jerk who has rage issues.
As a verb, masquerade can also mean to dress up as someone else, in costume. At the parade, you will masquerade as the court jester, wearing a purple outfit and bells and tossing candy to little kids. The noun masquerade refers to both your costume, which usually includes a mask, and the event where you will wear it. The fun is in hiding your real identity for the night.
WORD FAMILY
masquerade: masqueraded, masquerader, masquerades, masquerading+/masquerader: masqueraders
USAGE EXAMPLES
This pita pocket is so refreshing because it’s not masquerading as some kind of meat substitute.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They also promise games, face painting, balloons and, at Atlantic Grill, a masquerade theme.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Later, Wonder Woman travels with Steve, masquerading as his secretary, to join the Allies.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 化装舞会; 伪装; 掩饰
vi. 伪装; 假扮; 乔装; 冒充
时态：masqueraded, masquerading, masquerades
分布：伪装(58%)，化妆舞会(42%)
→来自法语mascarade,戴面具，词源同mask,-ade,名词后缀。引申词义乔装，伪装。
【记】源于：mask（n 面具；v 掩饰）
US [-kə'reɪd] noun countable or uncountable
■behaviour that is intended to prevent the truth about something unpleasant or not wanted from becoming known 伪装；掩饰
• They kept up the masquerade of being happily married for over thirty years. 30多年来他们一直假装婚姻很幸福。
UK [ˌmæs.kər'eɪd] US [-kə'reɪd] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  masquerade as sb/sth
■to pretend or appear to be someone or something 假冒；假扮
• Hooligans masquerading as football fans have once again caused disturbances. 假扮成足球迷的流氓恶棍再次闹事。
vi. 化装；伪装
 - make sb up, mask
n. 伪装；化妆舞会
 - dissemblance, costume ball
vt. 化装；乔装
 - make sb up

Word: tepid
Front: tepid
[ˈtepɪd] (托宝 15927/20336 -1)
Vocabulary: tepid
(once / 3765 pages)
adj
Tepid means lukewarm or half-hearted. If the applause for your mime-on-a-unicycle performance was more tepid than enthusiastic, it might be time to find a new hobby.
Around 1400, the word tepid evolved from the Latin tepidus, an adjective meaning “lukewarm,” which before that came about from the Latin tepere, a verb meaning “to be warm.” Tepid people or things are lukewarm or lacking in enthusiasm or emotion. Bathwater that’s been sitting in the tub for two hours is probably tepid. So was the hug you gave your least favorite ex when you ran into him at the movie theater.
WORD FAMILY
tepid: tepidest, tepidity, tepidly, tepidness+/tepidity: tepidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chances are you probably forgot The X-Files was even revived this year, thanks to the tepid reception it received.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
The company cut the number of shares offered significantly before pricing its IPO, however, signaling tepid demand.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Hoping for a strong finish after a tepid start to the crucial holiday season, retailers are gearing up for a last-minute rush of shoppers.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 微温的; 不冷不热的; 不热情的; 半心半意的
分布：微温的(74%)，不热心的(26%)
→来自拉丁语 tepere,使微热，温热，来自 tep,加热。
【记】读：太屁的，踢球踢得太屁了，所以观众反应tepid。读：抬屁的－做什么事情都抬屁股走人－不热情的
【参】lukewarm（adj 微温的）
【反】fevered（adj 激动的）；ardent（adj 热心的）；ebullient（adj热情的）
adjective
NOT WARM 微热的
■(of liquid) not very warm （液体）温热的，微热的
['tep.ɪd] adjective
NOT ENTHUSIASTIC 不热情的
■describes a reaction which is not enthusiastic （反应）不热情的，不热烈的
• I got a tepid response to my suggestion. 我的建议得到很平淡的反应。
adj. 微温的，温热的；不太热烈的；不热情的
 - cold, lukewarm

Word: forebear
Front: forebear
[ˈfɔ:ˌbeə, ˈfəʊr-] (托宝 15920/14442)
Vocabulary: forebear
(once / 8124 pages)
n
Your father, grandmother, and great grandfather are all your forebears. A forebear is an ancestor, or someone you are descended from.
You might have thought that forebear means to stop yourself from doing something. The word you are thinking of is forbear. Confused? The "e" makes all of the difference here. Whereas the first is a noun, the second is a verb. Just remember that if you see fore like in before, it's the people who came before you.
WORD FAMILY
forebear: forebears+/ bear: bearable, bearer, bearing, bearish, bears, borne, forebear, overbear/ bearable: bearably, unbearable / bearer: bearers/ bearing: bearings, nonbearing/bearish: bearishly/overbear: overbearing, overbears, overbore, overborne/ overbearing: overbearingly, overbearingness/ unbearable: unbearably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Compared with forebears such as these, what is striking about Trump is how little he engages, at least explicitly, with questions of culture and identity.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And then there were the sly nods to his forebears.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Here, too, it shares something in common with its forebears.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 祖先，祖宗
分布：祖先(68%)，祖宗(24%)，=forbear.(8%)
→fore-,在前。be, 存在。-ar, 后缀，人。即先辈，祖先。forebear 祖先；祖宗
【记】fore（adj 以前的adv 在前面n 前部prep 在前）bear（n 熊v 忍受）－从前的熊－祖先
【反】descendant（n 子孙后代）
US ['fɔ:r.ber] noun countable usually plural formal
■a relation who lived in the past; an ancestor 祖先，祖宗
n. 祖先；祖宗
 - father, root

Word: surcharge
Front: surcharge
[ˈsɜ:tʃɑ:dʒ] (托雅宝 16013/21242 -1)
Back: vt. 追加罚款; 使…装载过多; 使…负担过重; 索高价
n. 附加费，额外费用; 超载; [法]过高收费行为; 加盖过的邮票（或印花税票）
时态：surcharged, surcharging, surcharges
分布：额外费(40%)，盖改值印记(12%)，使超载(12%)，索高价(12%)，改值印记(12%)，装载过多(12%)
→sur-,超过，charge,索价，要价。
附加费(sur+charge收费→额外的收费→附加费)[sur-表示"超过,在上面"]
【记】sur超过，charge（v 收费）－额外的收费－附加费
【参】surmount（v 战胜；超越）；mount（v 爬上；使上马）；surpass（v 超越；胜过）
【反】discount（v 打折扣；n 打折）
US [ˈsɜ˞ː.tʃɑːrdʒ/
■a charge in addition to the usual amount paid for something, or the amount already paid 额外费用，附加费
• A surcharge may be made for deliveries outside normal hours. 正常工作时间以外送货，可能会额外收费。
verb intransitive or transitive UK [ˈsɜː.tʃɑːdʒ] US [ˈsɜ˞ː.tʃɑːrdʒ]
    UK [ˌ-ˈ-/
■to charge an extra amount （对…）额外收费，收取附加费
n. 超载；额外费
 - superimposed load, overcarriage

Word: defenseless
Front: defenseless
[dɪ'fensləs] (15931/-)
Vocabulary: defenseless
(once / 4736 pages)
adjadv
Someone who's defenseless is vulnerable and unprotected. Babies need to be taken care of because they're completely defenseless.
A brand new chess player is somewhat defenseless against an experienced player, and a kitten is defenseless without its mother's fierce protection. Con men sometimes target people they see as defenseless, like the very elderly. The word defenseless dates from the 16th century, combining defense, "action of guarding or protecting," from the Latin defendere, "protect," and -less, "without or lacking."
WORD FAMILY
defenseless: defenselessly, defenselessness+/ defense: defenseless, defenses, self-defense
USAGE EXAMPLES
With few weapons, the men on the ground were vulnerable and nearly defenseless.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
“Like us, each bear wants to live. These defenseless animals need our help.”
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
But the defensive-minded Magic discovered a shooting stroke against a defenseless Wizards team.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adj. <主美>无防御的，无保护的，不能自卫的; 手无寸铁
分布：无防备的(100%)
adj. 无防备的
 - undefended

Word: dispenser
Front: dispenser
[dɪˈspensə(r)] (15903/16079)
Back: n. 配药师; 分配器; 自动售卖机; 自动取款机（或饮水机等）
分布：药剂师(59%)，分配者(26%)，配药员(15%)
→来自dispense, 分配，分发。用于指自动取款机或自动售货机。
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a machine or container that you can get something from 分发装置，分配器
• a cash/soap/drinks dispenser 提款机／皂液器／饮料机
n. 药剂师；施与者；分配者； [贸易] 自动售货机
 - distributor, pharmacist

Word: unfettered
Front: unfettered
[ʌnˈfetəd] (15926/18936)
Vocabulary: unfettered
(once / 4532 pages)
adj
The adjective unfettered describes something or someone uninhibited and unrestrained. If you write mysteries novels for a living you probably turn your unfettered imagination to murder and mayhem.
Unfettered comes from the Old English root word fetor, which was a chain or shackle for the feet. Un- means "not," so originally the word literally meant "not chained or shackled." Today there isn't much real shackling going on, so the adjective unfettered mainly describes something that is free or unrestrained. You'll see such uses as unfettered emotions, unfettered stock market growth, and unfettered speech.
WORD FAMILY
fettered: unfettered +/ fetter: fettered, fettering, fetters
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Syngenta does not pressure academics to draw conclusions and allows unfettered and independent submission of any papers generated from commissioned research.”
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The two halves of the painting closely mirror each other, a lattice of harmonious symmetry, while the whole buzzes in unfettered, electric lime.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But a free press – one that is independent and unfettered – is crucial to a free society.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 被除去脚镣的; <正>不受限制的，不受约束的
v. 解放（ unfetter的过去式和过去分词 ）
分布：无拘无束的(72%)，被除去脚镣的(21%)，动词unfetter的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
【记】un不，fetter（v 束缚；n 脚镣），ed：无拘无束的
US [-'fetˌ.ɚd] formal
adjective
■not limited by rules or any other controlling influence 不受约束的，自由的
• In writing poetry, one is unfettered by the normal rules of sentence structure. 创作诗歌的时候，诗人是不受常规句法规则限制的。
adj. 无拘无束的；被除去脚镣的
 - free and easy
v. 使自由（unfetter的过去分词）；解开脚链；释放
 - diverted, freed

Word: belittle
Front: belittle
[bɪˈlɪtl] (托宝 15936/18553 -1)
Vocabulary: belittle
(once / 4472 pages)
v
To belittle means to put down, or to make another person feel as though they aren't important. Saying mean things about another person literally makes them feel "little."
To belittle someone is a cruel way of making someone else seem less important than yourself. A candidate for office might belittle his opponent by pointing out during a press conference that his fellow candidate has an inferior intellect. Belittling doesn't have to come in the form of verbal abuse. A manager who forces his administrative assistant to scrub his office floor with a toothbrush belittles her as well.
WORD FAMILY
belittle: belittled, belittles, belittling+/belittling: belittlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
And then there is his disturbing belittling of possible Russian interference in the election.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Death was always a presence in the “85 and Up” series, even if only as something that the subjects belittled.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Abbott criticized the exhibit as “tasteless sarcasm” and “designed to belittle and defend.”
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 轻视; 贬低; 使显得微小
时态：belittled, belittling, belittles
分布：贬低(60%)，轻视(33%)，使相形见小(7%)
小看(be+little小→小看人)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be成为，little小－把人看小－轻视
US [-'lɪtˌ-] verb transitive
■to make an action or a person seem like they are not important 轻视；贬低
• Though she had spent hours fixing the computer, he belittled her efforts. 虽然她花了多个小时维修电脑，他却无视她的努力。
• Stop belittling yourself - your work is highly valued. 别小看你自己——你的工作很有价值。
vt. 轻视；贬低；使相形见小
 - lower, slight, despise

Word: margarita
Front: margarita
[ˌmɑ:gəˈri:tə] (15897/44104)
Back: n. （由墨西哥龙舌兰酒、酸橙或柠檬汁以及橙味酒混合调制而成的）玛格丽塔酒
分布：玛格丽塔鸡尾酒(100%)
→来自人名Margaret的西班牙语形式。字面意思即请Margarita的酒。
US [-gə'ri:.tˌə] noun countable
■a type of alcoholic drink 曼哈顿鸡尾酒
• A margarita is made with tequila, an orange liqueur and lime or lemon juice. 玛格丽塔鸡尾酒由墨西哥龙舌兰酒、橙味酒和柠檬汁调制而成。

Word: fatten
Front: fatten
[ˈfætn] (宝 15932/15231)
Vocabulary: fatten
(once / 2063 pages)
v
To fatten someone is to feed them until they become bigger and fatter. Your grandmother might see a tiny baby and say, "His mother needs to fatten him up!"
A farmer might spend weeks trying to fatten his prize pigs before he sells them for meat, and you may visit relatives who keep cooking you delicious food in an attempt to fatten you up. Figuratively, you can also fatten things like your bank account, by making it larger. Before the 1550s, the verb form of this word was fat — and both fat and fatten come from the Old English word fætt, "fat or plump."
WORD FAMILY
fatten: fattened, fattening, fattens+/ fat: fatedly, fatism, fatless, fatly, fatness, fats, fatted, fatten, fatter, fattest, fatting, fattish, fattism, fatty, nonfat/fattened: unfattened/fattish: fattishly/fatty: fattier, fatties, fattiest, fattily, fattiness, fattys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her farm, which raises and fattens the rare American mulefoot hogs for slaughter, is essential to their survival, she believes.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
As they fatten herds to meet peak demand, a slump in retail prices and a spike in feed costs are grinding up profits.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
There’s nothing special about a Thursday night NFL game, which does little for the league other than fatten owners’ wallets.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 喂肥; 养肥（牲畜）; 使（钱）增多; 使（公司）升值
时态：fattened, fattening, fattens
分布：养肥(89%)，使肥胖(11%)
→来自fat, 肥胖的。-en，使。
【反】emaciate（vt 使憔悴；使消瘦）
US ['fætˌ-] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fatten sb/sth up
■to give an animal or a thin person a lot of food so that they become fatter 使长胖，使长肥；给…育肥
• These cattle are being fattened up for slaughter. 这些牛在育肥以供屠宰。
• humorous You're just trying to fatten me up. 你这是在给我催肥呢。
vt. 养肥；使肥沃；使充实
 - enrich, fat up
vi. 养肥；（靠…）发财
 - fat up, make a pile

Word: alleyway
Front: alleyway
['ælɪweɪ] (15865/12632 -1)
Back: n. 小巷，胡同; 窄街，通道
分布：小巷(76%)，窄街(12%)，背街(7%)，=alley.(5%)
N-COUNT
同alley
An alleyway is the same as an alley .
n. 胡同；小巷；窄街；走廊
 - hall, passage, lane, corridor

Word: ail
Front: ail
[eɪl] (宝 15923/21560)
Vocabulary: ail
(once / 537 pages)
1v 2n
The verb ail means to be sick or unwell — or cause to be so. If you feel a general malaise, someone may ask what ails you, though you may just need a vacation from work or school.
The verb ail is used for things that are metaphorically unwell or unhealthy. Politicians, for example, will often tell their constituents that the only cure for what ails the country is to vote for them. Ail is used when referring to non-specific illnesses. So you are sick with the flu, or troubled by allergies, but you are not ailing because you know what's wrong. It's when you're sick but it hasn't been diagnosed that you are ailing.
WORD FAMILY
ail: ailed, ailing, ailment, ails+/ ailment: ailments
USAGE EXAMPLES
But he suggests that a government might justifiably hamper international trade, or subsidize an ailing industry, in order to sustain particular communities and particular jobs.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
We’ve written about ailing Navy veterans fighting to prove they were exposed to the chemicals off Vietnam’s coast.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Desperate to find a cure for their ailing son’s hemophilia, one night they called upon Rasputin.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vi. 生病; 感到不舒服; 处境困难; 境况不佳
vt. 使受病痛; 使疼痛; 使烦恼; 折磨
n. 病痛，苦恼，烦恼
时态：ailed, ailing, ails
分布：生病(55%)，苦恼(23%)，小病(11%)，使 ... 苦恼(11%)
→来自agh, 恐惧，害怕,字母g脱落。词源同awe, 敬畏，ugly, 丑陋。由恐惧衍生出敬畏，丑陋，忧患，病痛等。
verb
CAUSE DIFFICULTY 造成困难
transitive formal
■to cause difficulty and problems for 困扰，使苦恼；使处境困难
• The government seems to have no understanding of what ails the country. 政府好像不了解国家问题的症结所在。
[eɪl] verb
BE/MAKE ILL 生病／使生病
intransitive or transitive old use
■to be ill, or to cause to be ill （使）生病；（使）不适
• She had been ailing for years before she died. 她去世前几年就一直病魔缠身。
• What 's ailing you? Is it your leg again? 你怎么了？是腿痛又发作吗？
vt. 使苦恼，使烦恼
 - harry, trouble
vi. 生病
 - fall sick, take sick
n. 病痛，苦恼
 - misery, agony

Word: schoolgirl
Front: schoolgirl
[ˈsku:lgɜ:l] (15913/10220 -1)
Back: n. 女学生
分布：女学生(58%)，女生(42%)
US [-gɝ:l] noun countable
■a girl who goes to school （中小学）女生
n. 女学生
 - girl student

Word: char
Front: char
[tʃɑ:(r)] (宝 15921/19315 -1)
Vocabulary: char
(once / 1160 pages)
1vn 2n 3n
To char is to burn or blacken something so that it’s like charcoal but still tasty. A char is something that has been burned in this way.
To char is to burn something on the outside. If you've ever eaten a hot dog or hamburger cooked over an open flame, it was charred. Many people like the taste of char-grilled meat. To char doesn’t usually mean to burn all the way, just enough to blacken. Unfortunately, char can also mean to reduce to charcoal — if there's a house fire, couches and chairs could be charred. Not so delicious.
WORD FAMILY
char: charing, charred, charring, chars
USAGE EXAMPLES
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims — arranged in a star formation — in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
French police discovered the charred remains of 14 victims - arranged in a star formation - in a forest clearing near the Alpine city of Grenoble.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Their charred bodies were visible inside the burnt-out remains of the vehicle.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 把…烧成炭，把…烧焦; 烧焦
vi. 烧成炭，烧焦; <主英>做杂役女佣
n. 碳; （尤指家庭的）杂务; <鱼>嘉鱼; 茶（英式英语旧时用法）
时态：charred, charring, chars
分布：炭(48%)，茶(30%)，烧焦物(15%)，杂役女工(7%)
→来自charcoal的回构动词。
【记】char是中国的音译词，茶的意思，茶在外国是用炭烧的。读：差－烧焦了，技术太差！
US [tʃɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
BURN 烧焦
intransitive or transitive
■to burn and become black or to burn something so that it becomes black （把…）烧焦，烧黑
• Grill the peppers until the skin starts to char. 把辣椒烤到表皮发焦为止。
UK [tʃɑ:r] US [tʃɑ:r] verb (-rr-)
CLEAN 清洁
intransitive UK old-fashioned
■to clean and tidy a house or office for payment （在家庭或办公室）当清洁工
UK [tʃɑ:r] US [tʃɑ:r] noun countable UK old-fashioned informal
■ charwoman
vi. 烧焦；打杂
 - air burn, fetch and carry
n. 炭；家庭杂务
 - chore
vt. 把…烧成炭
 - coal

Word: constrict
Front: constrict
[kənˈstrɪkt] (托雅宝 15930/19255 -1)
Vocabulary: constrict
(once / 4389 pages)
v
To constrict is to squeeze uncomfortably. If your new turtleneck sweater constricts your neck, the sweater is probably too small.
When things constrict, they become narrow or make something else become narrow. A boa constrictor kills its prey when it constricts the animal's body until it can no longer breathe, and a necktie that's tied too tightly constricts your neck. In medicine, certain conditions or medications can constrict openings such as airways or blood vessels, sometimes dangerously. The Latin root is constringere, "to bind together or tie tightly."
WORD FAMILY
constrict: constricted, constricting, constriction, constrictive, constrictor, constricts+/constricted: unconstricted/ constriction: constrictions/constrictor: constrictors
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is different from a heart attack, which is a stopping of the heart because the blood supply is constricted, perhaps by clogged arteries.
BBC(Aug 13, 2014)
His life was destined to unfold in a constricted area.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Peluchonneau is a tragically constricted soul, but not an entirely unsympathetic character.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 压缩， 压紧; 妨害，阻碍; 收缩; 挤压
vi. 变得收缩
时态：constricted, constricting, constricts
分布：压缩(60%)，使收缩(24%)，束紧(16%)
→con-, 强调。-str, 拉长，拉紧，词源同strict,strain.
压缩,收缩(con一起+strict→拉回来→限制)[stirain,striet,string=tighten,表示"拉紧"]
【记】con一起，strict拉紧－拉到一起－收缩con共同，strict（adj 严厉的）：一万人严厉的指责你，你只好收缩到墙角里去了。
【参】restriction（n 限制；约束）；stricture（n 责难）
【反】dilate（v 膨胀）；distend（v 使扩大；使扩张）
verb
BECOME TIGHTER 压紧
intransitive or transitive
■to become tighter and narrower, or to make something become tighter and narrower 压紧；压缩；（使）收缩
• He hated wearing a tie - he felt it constricted his breathing. 他讨厌戴领带——觉得它勒得人呼吸困难。
• If you're going dancing, you don't want to wear anything that constricts your movements. 跳舞时不愿穿使舞姿舒展不开的衣服。
• The drug causes the blood vessels to constrict. 这种药会使血管收缩。
[kən'strɪkt] verb
LIMIT 限制
transitive
■to limit an action or behaviour 限制；约束；束缚
• Too many rules had constricted her lifestyle. 太多的清规戒律限制了她的生活方式。
vt. 压缩；束紧
 - to compress, telescope

Word: coursework
Front: coursework
[ˈkɔ:swɜ:k] (15879/17574)
Back: 国外的硕士入学方式分为两种，其中的一种为coursework,为普通形式的硕士入学方式，需要学生提交寻常申请用的资料
分布：课程作业(100%)
US ['kɔ:rs.wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■work set at regular periods as part of an educational course 课堂作业
n. 作业，修习；指定功课，职业培训
 - assignment, task

Word: smudge
Front: smudge
[smʌdʒ] (宝 15864/20510 -1)
Back: vt. 弄脏; 使冒浓烟; 使模糊; 用浓烟熏
vi. 被弄脏; 形成污迹
n. 污点，污迹; 浓烟; 冒浓烟的火堆; 模糊的字迹
时态：smudged, smudging, smudges
分布：污点(80%)，浓烟(12%)，渍痕(8%)
→来自动词 smogen,弄脏，弄黑，玷污，可能来自 sme,涂抹，词源同 smear.拼写受-dge 影 响俗化。
【记】s死mud泥巴ge哥哥：哥哥死在泥巴里面－弄脏
noun countable
■a mark with no particular shape that is caused, usually by accident, by rubbing something such as ink or a dirty finger across a surface （擦拭后留下的）污迹，污痕
• Her hands were covered in dust and she had a black smudge on her nose. 她的手上沾满了灰尘，鼻子上也有黑漆漆的一块。
• figurative She said we were nearly there, but the island was still no more than a distant smudge on the horizon. 她说我们快到了，但那个岛依然只是地平线上遥远的一个小黑点。
[smʌdʒ] verb intransitive or transitive
■If ink, paint, etc. smudges or if someone smudges it, it becomes dirty or not clear because someone or something has touched it （墨迹、画作等）被弄脏，被弄模糊；把…弄脏
• She was crying and her mascara had smudged. 她正在哭，睫毛膏都哭花了。
vt. 弄脏，涂污；用浓烟熏
 - soil, mud, spot, dirty
vi. 被弄脏；形成污迹
 - smear
n. 污点，污迹；烟熏火堆
 - jaup, tainture

Word: refrigeration
Front: refrigeration
[rɪˌfrɪdʒə'reɪʃn] (托 15892/20634)
Back: n. 冷藏，冷冻
分布：冷藏(45%)，冷冻(30%)，冷却(25%)
VERB
（常指为了保存食物而将其）冷藏
If you refrigerate food, you make it cold, for example by putting it in a fridge, usually in order to preserve it.
例：Refrigerate the dough overnight.将面团冷藏过夜。
例：...a lorry with refrigerated cargo.装有冷藏货物的卡车
n. 制冷； [制冷] 冷藏； [热] 冷却
 - cold storage, cold preservation

Word: top-down
Front: top-down
[tɒp daʊn] None
Back: adj. 组织管理严密的
分布：从整体到细节的(50%)，自顶向下的(50%)
US ['tɑ:p-] adjective [before noun]
■describes a situation in which decisions are made by a few people in authority rather than by the people who are affected by the decisions 自上而下的
• a top-down approach/strategy 自上而下的做法／策略

Word: lifeboat
Front: lifeboat
[ˈlaɪfbəʊt] (15782/8321 -1)
Vocabulary: lifeboat
(once / 3173 pages)
n
A lifeboat is a small boat that's kept on a bigger ship in case of emergency. It’s much more fun than a deathboat. Large ships usually have enough lifeboats for every passenger on board. Hear that, Titanic?
When the giant ship Titanic sank, there weren’t enough lifeboats for everyone. If you’re on a ship that’s going down, a lifeboat (one word) could save your life. Some lifeboats are made of hard materials like fiberglass, while others are inflatable. Another kind of lifeboat is launched from shore or a Coast Guard ship to rescue people who need help at sea, if, for example, they're on a sinking fishing boat.
WORD FAMILY
lifeboat: lifeboats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Newcastle RNLI's volunteer lifeboat crew were quickly on scene once the call for help was received.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
A coastguard search and rescue helicopter based at Lydd, two lifeboats from Ramsgate and the coastguard rescue team from Margate are involved.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
A major search involving lifeboats and a coastguard helicopter was launched but the vessel is still missing.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 救生艇，救生船
分布：救生船(100%)
US [-boʊt] noun countable
■a large boat which is kept ready to go out to sea and save people who are in danger, or a smaller boat kept on a ship for people to leave in if the ship is not safe or might sink 救生船，救生筏
n. [船] [安全] 救生艇，救生船
 - accident boat, sea boat

Word: uprooted
Front: uprooted
[ʌpˈru:tid] (15944/34970)
Back: v. 把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的过去式和过去分词 ); 根除; 赶走; 把…赶出家园
分布：连根拔起(54%)，根除(32%)，迁离(14%)
VERB
使离开久住之处；使迁移他处居住
If you uproot yourself or if you are uprooted, you leave, or are made to leave, a place where you have lived for a long time.
例：...the trauma of uprooting themselves from their homes...背井离乡给他们造成的心灵创伤
例：He had no wish to uproot Dena from her present home.他没想过让德娜离开现在的家去别处居住。
VERB
把…连根拔起；根除
If someone uproots a tree or plant, or if the wind uproots it, it is pulled out of the ground.
例：They had been forced to uproot their vines and plant wheat.他们已被迫将葡萄藤连根拔除，改种小麦。
例：...fallen trees which have been uprooted by the storm.被暴风雨连根拔起、倒伏在地上的树木

Word: zealous
Front: zealous
[ˈzeləs] (四六托 15938/19238 -1)
Vocabulary: zealous
(once / 654 pages)
adj
Use the adjective zealous as a way to describe eagerness or enthusiastic activity. If you are too zealous in your efforts to decorate the house with Christmas lights, you might cause a power outage for the whole neighborhood.
Zealous is the adjective for the noun zeal "eager partisanship"; the latter has a long e, but zealous has a short one: ZEL-uhs. It can have a slightly negative connotation, and people are sometimes described as "overzealous," meaning they try too hard. "Zealous" rhymes with "jealous" (and in fact they're from the same Greek word), but don't confuse them: a jealous person might be resentful of someone who makes zealous efforts to achieve success.
WORD FAMILY
zealous: overzealous, zealousest, zealously+/ overzealous: overzealously/ zeal: zealous, zeals
USAGE EXAMPLES
That, to me, is the opposite of zealous advocacy.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Reagan and Pierce were also zealous advocates of turning HUD’s responsibilities over to the private sector.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
And Boeing was an ostentatious declaration that he would be the zealous guardian of government spending that you would expect from a crusading outsider.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 热心的，热情的
分布：热心的(57%)，狂热的(38%)，热衷的(5%)
热心的(zeal+ous)[zeal=ardor,表示"热心"]
热心的(zeal热情)[-ous表形容词,通常放在一个完整的单词后,表示"…的"]
【反】vapid（adj 索然乏味的）
adjective
■enthusiastic and eager 热情的；狂热的
• a zealous supporter of the government's policies 政府政策的积极支持者
zealous, enthusiastic, intent
这组词都有“热心的，热诚的”的意思，其区别是：
zealous: 指对所从事的事表现出的高度热情和积极性。
enthusiastic: 指对参与某项活动或对感兴趣的计划或决定表现出的毫无保留的热切心情。
intent: 指集中精力从事正在进行的活动，也可指专心寻求自己感兴趣的东西。
adj. 热心的，热情的，积极的
 - intense, active, positive, eager, warm

Word: hiding
Front: hiding
[ˈhaɪdɪŋ] (15875/14750 -2)
Back: n. 躲藏，隐匿; <口>殴打
分布：隐藏(66%)，躲藏(29%)，痛打(4%)，动词hide的现在分词.(1%)
noun
countable usually singular old-fashioned
■a punishment by being beaten repeatedly （惩罚性的）痛打
countable usually singular UK informal
■a total defeat 惨败，彻底失败
• "How did the French team get on in their match against Italy?" "They got a real hiding!" ｢法国队在和义大利队的比赛中表现如何？｣｢他们被打得一败涂地！｣
['haɪ.dɪŋ] noun
be in hiding/go into hiding
■to be/go somewhere where you cannot be found 躲藏着／藏起来
['haɪ.dɪŋ] noun
be on a hiding to nothing UK informal
■to be trying to do something when there is no chance that you will succeed 做毫无成功希望的事
n. 隐匿；躲藏处；殴打
 - strike, harbouring

Word: Kuwaiti
Front: Kuwaiti
[kʊ'weɪti] (10528/13401)
Back: adj. 科威特的；科威特人的
n. 科威特；科威特人
分布：科威特的(67%)，科威特人(33%)
US [ku:'weɪ.tˌi] noun countable adjective
■Kuwaiti 科威特人／科威特的

Word: irritated
Front: irritated
[ˈɪrɪteɪtɪd] (15901/21219 -K)
Vocabulary: irritated
(once / 810 pages)
adj
When you're irritated, you're annoyed. You'd probably be irritated if someone ate the leftover Indian food that you were saving for lunch.
The adjective irritated describes a state that's a little milder than anger. When you're irritated about something, you're impatient or exasperated, the way you feel when someone rubs you the wrong way. Irritated can also mean this quite literally; your wrist might be irritated by the rubbing of your new watch band. The word irritated comes from the Latin irritatus, which means "excite or provoke." Anything that provokes you in an annoying way can make you irritated.
WORD FAMILY
irritated: irritatedly+/irritability: irritabilities/ irritable: irritability, irritably/ irritate: irritable, irritated, irritates, irritating, irritation, irritative/ irritating: irritatingly/ irritation: irritations
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, most of us don't get irritated to the point of using our irons as weapons.
Golf Digest(Dec 30, 2016)
Still, Mr. Perlmuth said he was glad the subway was finally opening, even if he was irritated by the many inconveniences during construction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
He irritated some legislators during the election but everyone is saying the right things at the moment.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 恼怒的，生气的
v. 使发怒( irritate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使急躁; 使感到不适; 使疼痛
分布：恼怒的(88%)，动词irritate的过去式和过去分词.(12%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■annoyed 被激怒的，恼火的
• Ben began to get increasingly irritated by/at her questions. 本开始被她的问题弄得越来越恼火。
adj. 恼怒的，生气的
 - angry, peeved
v. 激怒；使…无效；使…兴奋（irritate的过去分词）
 - infuriated

Word: concise
Front: concise
[kənˈsaɪs] (研六托雅宝 15935/11311 -1)
Vocabulary: concise
(once / 1990 pages)
adj
If something is concise, it's short and gets right to the point. A concise edition of your diary might be 50 pages of the most important entries.
Concise comes from the Latin word concidere, which means to cut down. When we use concise, we're talking about words that have been cut down. There are no concise trees, but there are concise works of political philosophy. A concise Italian-English dictionary, is shorter than an unabridged one. If you're good at quick explanations, you have a concise manner. A good synonym is succinct.
WORD FAMILY
concise: concisely, conciseness, concisest
USAGE EXAMPLES
A history as long as yours deserves a concise airing of your grievance, in all its gory.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
But Salters and her colleagues also need to be concise.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Unlike too much writing on places of memory, this is fresh, concise, free from jargon and well informed about realities.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 简明的，简洁的; ; 简约; 精炼
分布：简明的(81%)，简要的(19%)
→con-, 强调。-cise, 砍，切，词源同decide, excise.
简明的[cid,cis=cut,kill,表示"切开,杀"]
a.简明的,简洁的"The enterprise will be supervised by a group comprising prominent men," the despising chairman said concisely with no compromise."企业将由杰出人员构成的小组来监管,"轻蔑的主席毫不妥协简
【记】con共同，cise切掉－把多余的部分切掉－简洁的
【参】concision（n 简明，简洁）
adjective
■short and clear, expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words 简洁的；简明的；简练的；简明扼要的
• Make your answers clear and concise. 回答要言简意赅。
concise, succinct, curt, brief
这组词都有“简短的”的意思，其区别是：
concise: a. (文字等的)简要、精练，常含有保留主要部分的意思。
 • His letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job.   他的信写得简明扼要，省略掉了所有与该项工作无关的部分。
succinct: a.简明的，简洁的，简练的，尤指用词简练，除含有concise的意思外，还有经过压缩的或简化的意思。
 • succinct summary of the argument   论点的概要
curt: a.三言两语的，简短的，常含有"草率"的意思。
 • He asked his boss a question, but got a curt reply , "I have no time for you now!"   他问老板一个问题，但是老板草率的说："我没时间搭理你。"
brief: a.简明扼要的，简短的，指时间短暂，办事利索，态度明了等；有时含有"虽短但却不失全面"的意味。
 • The manager made a brief statement to open the meeting.   经理致了简短的开幕词。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
adj. 简明的，简洁的
 - brief, compact

Word: boisterous
Front: boisterous
[ˈbɔɪstərəs] (宝 15945/18932 -1)
Vocabulary: boisterous
(once / 1298 pages)
adj
Boisterous is a word used to describe someone spirited, loud, and slightly out of control — like someone with a spring in their step and a song in their heart singing to strangers on the street.
Boisterous means "loud, clamorous, and unrestrained." Think of children on a playground or a popular restaurant or a litter of puppies as boisterous. This word, which comes from Middle English, can also refer to very intense storms. You could call a hurricane boisterous, but you will most likely hear this word used to describe people.
WORD FAMILY
boisterous: boisterously, boisterousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Connecticut showed little interest in engaging the boisterous road crowd at the start, racing to a 7-0 lead.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One woman pulled off her top to flash her breasts, unleashing boisterous cheers from the grateful crowd.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“Rex is friendly with many of the leaders in the world who we don’t get along with,” Mr. Trump said to a boisterous crowd here.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂暴的; 喧闹的; 骚嚷的
分布：喧闹的(67%)，狂暴的(33%)
→词源不详。可能来自beast, 野兽，或boast, 吹嘘。
【记】boi＝boil（v 沸腾）－水沸腾的感觉－喧闹的，狂暴的
【参】preposterous（adj 荒谬的）
【反】quiet（adj 安静的）
US [-stɚ-] adjective
■noisy, energetic and rough 喧闹的；精力旺盛的
• boisterous children 爱吵闹的孩子们
• a boisterous game 激烈的游戏
adj. 喧闹的；狂暴的；猛烈的
 - fierce, angry, violent, hard

Word: environmentalism
Front: environmentalism
[inˌvaiərənˈmentlizm] (15853/29476)
Back: n. 环境保护论，环境论
分布：环境保护论(100%)
US [-ˌvaɪr.ən'men.tˌəl-] noun uncountable
 ADVANCED
■an interest in or the study of the environment, in order to protect it from damage by human activities 环境保护主义；环境保护论

Word: passively
Front: passively
['pæsɪvlɪ] (15929/14067)
Back: adv. 被动地，顺从地
分布：被动地(60%)，顺从地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
被动的；顺从的；听之任之的
If you describe someone as passive, you mean that they do not take action but instead let things happen to them.
例：His passive attitude made things easier for me...他顺从的态度让我做起事来要轻松些。
例：Even passive acceptance of the regime was a kind of collaboration.即使被动接受该政权也是一种通敌行为。
ADJ
消极的
A passive activity involves watching, looking at, or listening to things rather than doing things.
例：They want less passive ways of filling their time.他们想找些更为积极的方式来打发时间。
例：...the passive enjoyment one gets from looking at a painting or sculpture.观看绘画或雕塑获得的被动享受
ADJ
（抵抗）非暴力的
Passive resistance involves showing opposition to the people in power in your country by not co-operating with them and protesting in non-violent ways.
例：They made it clear that they would only exercise passive resistance in the event of a military takeover.他们声明一旦发生军事接管，他们只会采取非暴力抵抗。
N-SING
被动态；被动式
In grammar, the passive or the passive voice is formed using 'be' and the past participle of a verb. The subject of a passive clause does not perform the action expressed by the verb but is affected by it. For example, in 'He's been murdered', the verb is in the passive.
adv. 被动地；顺从地
 - obediently, submissively

Word: deceptively
Front: deceptively
[dɪ'septɪvlɪ] (15949/18658)
Back: adv. 迷惑地; 虚伪地，欺诈地
分布：虚伪地(51%)，骗人地(33%)，靠不住地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
欺骗性的;造成假象的
If something is deceptive, it encourages you to believe something which is not true.
例：Appearances can be deceptive.外表可能是靠不住的。
adv. 迷惑地，骗人地；虚伪地
 - falsely, lyingly

Word: bile
Front: bile
[baɪl] (宝 15883/5224 -1)
Vocabulary: bile
(once / 2135 pages)
n
In medicine, bile is a fluid secreted by the liver and used to help breakdown fats. Because it used to be associated with anger, feeling your bile rise is the same as feeling mounting anger.
How did bile get linked to anger? Pre-modern doctors believed there were four basic substances to the human body, called humours, one of which was yellow bile that controlled anger. It doesn't, but when you feel angry, you'll still hear that you have to swallow your bile.
WORD FAMILY
bile: biles, biliary, bilious +/ bilious: biliouser, biliously, biliousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pocket rocket Simone Biles flew into the hearts of Americans this year.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Simone Biles bewitched the world, won four golds and one solitary bronze after she slipped on the balance beam.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Olympic glory for Michael Phelps and Simone Biles; the deaths of Arnold Palmer and Muhammad Ali; a baseball prospect turned hit man.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 胆汁; 愤怒; 坏脾气
分布：胆汁(91%)，愤怒(5%)，坏脾气(4%)
→来自拉丁词bilis，同bladder, 胆囊。
【源】原指发怒液。在古代生理学中的人体黑色胆汁或黄色胆汁的任一种，据说能使人发怒。
【记】bi拼：毙，le拼：了。毙了－毙了他才能取他的胆汁，毙了他他就会发怒。Bi鼻，le乐：鼻子乐了，说明鼻孔变大了（发怒的基本特征）
noun uncountable
■a bitter yellow liquid produced by the liver which helps to digest fat 胆汁
• Meat-eaters must produce extensive bile acids in their intestines to properly digest the meat that they eat. 食肉者的肠道内必须分泌大量的胆汁酸，以彻底消化所吃的肉。
■when you feel or show bitter (= angry and upset) feelings 愤怒，怒气
• His article was full of loathing and bile. 他的文章充斥着憎恨和愤怒。
n. [生理] 胆汁；愤怒
 - anger, wrath, choler

Word: burrito
Front: burrito
[bʊˈri:təʊ] (15896/-)
Back: n. 墨西哥玉米煎饼
分布：玉米煎饼(100%)
→西班牙语。来自burro, 小驴，因这种馅饼像小驴驮的铺盖卷而得名。
US [-'ri:.tˌoʊ] (plural burritos)
noun countable
■a type of Mexican food made by folding a tortilla (= thin round bread) and putting meat, beans and cheese inside it （夹肉、豆类和起司的）墨西哥玉米粉卷饼

Word: oriented
Front: oriented
['ɔ:rɪəntɪd] (15893/21439 -2)
Vocabulary: oriented
(once / 9441 pages)
adj
To be oriented is to be positioned in a direction relative to something or someplace else, and it's often used with the prepositions "toward" or "away from." In order to find our way home, we should be oriented toward the north.
You can be oriented towards or away from all sorts of things, not only geographic ones. For example, if you like sports, you might be called sports-oriented. If politics is your thing, then you're politically oriented. For millennia, people have used the North Star to orient themselves, because it's always in the same place in the sky.
WORD FAMILY
oriented: unoriented+/disorient: disorientation, disoriented, disorienting, disorients/disorientation: disorientations/ disorienting: disorientingly/ orient: disorient, oriental, orientated, orientation, oriented, orienting, orients, reorient /oriental: orientalise, orientalism, orientalist, orientalize, orientally/orientalise: orientalised, orientalising/orientalism: orientalisms/orientalist: orientalists/orientalize: orientalized, orientalizing/ orientation: orientations/ reorient: reorientation, reoriented, reorienting
USAGE EXAMPLES
Moreover, from the founding to the present, American society is oriented toward protecting and nurturing white privilege.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
The researchers created structures with 72% of the axons oriented radially, compared with only 11% of those cultured in 2D on a plate.
Nature(Dec 06, 2016)
“Our goal is to keep it more family oriented,” Keys said.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 导向的; 以…为方向的; 定向的; 定方向
分布：以...为方向的(50%)，以...为目的的(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
以…为方向的；对…感兴趣的；重视…的
If someone is oriented towards or oriented to a particular thing or person, they are mainly concerned with that thing or person.
例：It seems almost inevitable that North African economies will still be primarily oriented towards Europe...看来北非经济体几乎注定还将以欧洲为主导。
例：Most students here are oriented to computers.这里的大部分学生都对计算机感兴趣。
adj. 导向的；定向的；以…为方向的
 - directed, targeted
v. 调整；使朝向（orient的过去分词）；确定…的方位
 - adjusted, restructured

Word: ominously
Front: ominously
['ɒmɪnəslɪ] (15943/14546)
Vocabulary: ominously
(once / 3118 pages)
adv
Ominously is a word to describe how something threatening appears. If you're golfing and dark gray clouds ominously appear, you'd better call it a day.
Originating from the Latin word ominosus, meaning "full of foreboding," the adverb ominously indicates when an action is done in an ominous manner, possibly indicating danger or evil is in the future. You might want to reconsider that moonlit hike if a wolf ominously howls just as you are about to begin. If gigantic waves are ominously crashing into the shore, it would be wise to devote the day to building a sand castle rather than snorkeling.
WORD FAMILY
ominous: ominously +/ omen: omened, omening, omens, ominous /omened: ill-omened
USAGE EXAMPLES
The year started ominously, with a big fire in a big hotel in the Middle East.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
The album opens ominously, with Cole facing his own mortality on “For Whom the Bell Tolls.”
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Lewandowski then ominously added, “It’s egregious. He should be in jail.”
Salon(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adv. 恶兆地，不吉利地; 预示地
分布：有预兆地(50%)，不祥地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
不祥的；恶兆的；不吉利的
If you describe something as ominous, you mean that it worries you because it makes you think that something unpleasant is going to happen.
例：There was an ominous silence at the other end of the phone...电话那头出现了不祥的沉默。
例：The rolls of distant thunder were growing more ominous.远处隆隆的雷声听着愈发惊心，要变天了。
adv. 恶兆地；不吉利地
 - inauspiciously

Word: anchovy
Front: anchovy
[ˈæntʃəvi] (15854/25653 -1)
Vocabulary: anchovy
(once / 5447 pages)
n
An anchovy is a very small, silvery fish. People who eat anchovies enjoy their strong, fishy flavor.
While you can buy fresh anchovies from many fish markets, they're most commonly sold packed in small tins, covered in salt and oil. Fishermen often use anchovies as bait for larger fish as well. Even people who don't think they like anchovies are sometimes familiar with the taste, as they're used in Caesar salad dressing and Worcestershire sauce. Anchovy comes from the Portuguese anchova, possibly from the Latin apua, "small fish."
WORD FAMILY
anchovy: anchovies
USAGE EXAMPLES
We feasted: beer, wine, Prosecco and mountains of lobster, shrimp, sardines, and anchovies, a local specialty.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Traditionally, a bit of mace, a hint of pepper and a trace of anchovy suffice.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Roasted broccoli wears a garlic and anchovy bagna cauda sauce musky with Indonesian long pepper.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 凤尾鱼; 鳀鱼
分布：凤尾鱼(100%)
→词源不详。
US ['æn.tʃoʊ-] (plural anchovies)
noun countable or uncountable
■a small fish with a strong salty taste 鳀（一种小咸鱼）
• Decorate the top of the pizza with anchovies/strips of anchovy 在披萨上放些鳀鱼／鳀鱼条作点缀。

Word: demeaning
Front: demeaning
[dɪˈmi:nɪŋ] (15952/20201)
Vocabulary: demeaning
(once / 20628 pages)
adj
The adjective demeaning describes something that lowers a person's reputation or dignity. If your boss always asks you to pick up her dry cleaning and get her coffee, you might feel like you usually get the demeaning jobs.
The adjective demeaning comes from the verb demean, which itself is based on the construction of the word "debase." The word demean has two almost opposite meanings, to degrade and to conduct oneself in a particular manner, usually a proper one. The adjective, however, always describes something that is degrading. Overhearing two friends gossiping about you can be a demeaning experience, even if they're just criticizing your new haircut.
WORD FAMILY
demeaning: demeaningly+/ demean: demeaned, demeaning, demeans, misdemean/misdemean: misdemeaned, misdemeaning, misdemeans
USAGE EXAMPLES
In December 2015, Falls complained to Jackson County Human Resources that he was treated in an unprofessional, demeaning and discriminatory manner.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Appalled by sexist and demeaning banners displayed by Brass Monkey Hotel, Northbridge.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Also disturbing, however, is the broader tone with which Powell delivered that warranted exposure — smug, arrogant and demeaning.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: v. 使降低身份，使卑下( demean的现在分词 )
分布：降低身份的(40%)，有辱人格的(40%)，动词demean的现在分词形式.(20%)
adjective
■causing someone to become or feel less respected 羞辱的，贬低的
• That advertisement is demeaning to women. 那个广告是对妇女的侮辱。
• [+ to infinitive] It was very demeaning to be criticized in front of all my colleagues. 在所有同事面前受到批评，对我来讲真是太丢脸了。

Word: plunder
Front: plunder
[ˈplʌndə(r)] (六托雅宝 15954/11475 -1)
Vocabulary: plunder
(once / 380 pages)
vn
Plunder can mean stolen goods or money obtained illegally, or the act of taking those things. A burglar might plunder a jewelry store and then sneak off with her plunder.
Plunder is an old Middle High German word that originally meant "household goods and clothes": in other words, your stuff. During the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648), English speakers acquired this word while fighting in the land that is today Germany, but with the added meaning of taking the plunder as, well, plunder. As both a noun and verb, a synonym for plunder is loot.
WORD FAMILY
plunder: plundered, plunderer, plundering, plunders+/plunderer: plunderers/plundering: plunderings
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor, and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Reynolds lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She lost one husband to Elizabeth Taylor and two other husbands plundered her for millions.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 掠夺; 偷; 私吞
n. 抢劫; 掠夺物
时态：plundered, plundering, plunders
分布：掠夺(54%)，抢劫(20%)，抢夺(10%)，战利品(6%)，赃物(6%)，掠夺品(4%)
→来自德语plundern,抢劫室内物品，来自中古高地德语plunder,室内物品，衣服，行李，家具 等。后来在17 世纪欧洲三十年战争期间，英国士兵把该词引入英国。最终词源不详。
【记】pl＝place放，under下面－放在自己屁股下面－抢劫；偷窃
US [-dɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to steal goods violently from a place, especially during a war （尤指战争期间的）掠夺，抢劫，劫掠
• After the president fled the country, the palace was plundered by soldiers. 总统逃出该国后，士兵洗劫了总统府。
• Tragically, the graves were plundered and the contents scattered. 不幸的是，那些墓被盗，墓里的东西被弄得七零八落的。
transitive
■to steal or remove something precious from something, in a way that does not consider moral laws or is more severe than it need be 骗取；窃取；侵吞，侵占
• Someone has been plundering funds from the company. 有人在盗用公司资金。
• The future of our planet is in danger if we continue to plunder it as we do. 如果我们继续像现在这样竭泽而渔的话，地球的未来就岌岌可危了。
UK ['plʌn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun uncountable
■when goods are stolen from a place especially violently or during a war, or these stolen goods 抢劫；抢劫之物
• Residents in the villages under attack have been unable to protect their homes from plunder. 受到袭击的村民已无法保护自己的家不被抢劫。
• The thieves hid their plunder in the woodshed. 窃贼们把他们抢劫来的东西藏在了柴房里。
■when something is removed in a way that does not consider moral laws or is more severe than it need be 盗窃；侵吞
• We need to put a stop to the plunder of the rain forest. 我们要制止对热带雨林的掠夺砍伐。
rob, steal, deprive, plunder
这组词都有“偷，抢，夺”的意思，其区别是：
rob: 最常用词，指用暴力恐吓或哄骗等非法手段抢夺财物。
steal: 普通用词，指暗中行窃。
deprive: 多指夺去或扣留别人拥有或可能拥有的有价值或必需的东西，也可用于指抽象的事物。
plunder: 指大规模或大范围地掠夺。
n. 抢夺；战利品；掠夺品
 - prize, capture
vt. 掠夺；抢劫；侵吞
 - harry, despoil
vi. 掠夺；盗窃
 - prey upon, pillage

Word: router
Front: router
[ˈru:tə(r)] (15815/30059)
Back: n. 刳刨者; 刳刨工具; 刳刨机; 路由器（传送信息的专用网络智能设备）
分布：路由器(98%)，刨槽工(1%)，安排路线的人(1%)
→来自 route,路线，-er,表物。引申词义路由器。
N-COUNT
路由器
On a computer or network of computers, a router is a piece of equipment which allows access to other computers or networks, for example the Internet.
n. [计] 路由器；刳刨者
 - Linksys

Word: eccentricity
Front: eccentricity
[ˌeksenˈtrɪsəti] (托 15942/14193)
Vocabulary: eccentricity
(once / 1737 pages)
1n 2n
Eccentricity is strange, out-of-the-ordinary, sometimes weirdly attractive behavior or dress. Sleeping with your boots on is pretty normal if you're a cowboy, but leaving them on for bedtime in your city apartment, that shows some eccentricity.
Eccentricity goes back to the Greek ekkentros, meaning "off center," and when you describe people as being a little "off," you might be talking about their eccentricity or behavior that's a bit abnormal. An eccentricity might be some really small character trait, like eating all of the green food on your plate first, or a large and very obvious characteristic, as when you ride a donkey to your suburban school instead of taking the bus.
WORD FAMILY
eccentricity: eccentricities+/ eccentric: eccentrically, eccentricity, eccentricly, eccentrics
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s about how we sometimes forgive the lunatic behaviour of artists and call it “eccentricity”.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
One reason they weren’t is one of those eccentricities of football played among the really young.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Aunty Ifeoma shook her head as if the way Papa felt were just a minor eccentricity.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 古怪; 反常，怪癖; [物]偏心距; [数]离心率
分布：古怪(45%)，怪癖(34%)，离心率(15%)，古怪的行为(6%)
US [-tˌi] noun
uncountable
■the state of being eccentric 古怪；怪异；反常
• His eccentricity now extends to never washing or changing his clothes. 他的怪癖现在发展成从不换洗衣服的地步了。
countable
■an eccentric action 古怪行为；反常行为
• Her eccentricities get stranger by the day. 她的那些古怪行为日益变本加厉。
n. 古怪；怪癖； [数] 离心率
 - oddity, quirk

Word: boast
Front: boast
[bəʊst] (研四六托雅宝 4534/4996 -2)
Vocabulary: boast
(once / 191 pages)
vn
When you boast you are bragging about yourself and your accomplishments (or maybe those of your family), often to the boredom and annoyance of your audience.
Used as either a noun or a verb, boast usually suggests exaggeration, vanity, or pride. Along those lines, English poet Sir Thomas Overbury, who died in 1613, once said, "The man who has nothing to boast of but his illustrious ancestry is like the potato — the best part underground." However, the word can also be used in a positive way: a town can boast a new library, or a school can boast a high graduation rate.
WORD FAMILY
boast: boasted, boaster, boastful, boasting, boasts+/boaster: boasters/boastful: boastfully, boastfulness/boasting: boastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
His colleagues say Ryberg is a dedicated family man who never boasts about his many children.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Trump rallied to victory in November with unapologetic boasting of his wealth.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Connolly’s website boasts that he secured billions of dollars in federal grants to undertake the massive Silver Line project.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: vt. 自夸，自吹自擂; 夸口说; 以有…而自豪; 自负有
n. 夸口，自负; 自负的事物，引以为傲的东西; 自夸的话; 扬言
时态：boasted, boasting, boasts
分布：自夸(63%)，吹牛(20%)，引以为荣的事物(13%)，以...为荣(4%)
→来自PIE *bheu, 膨胀，鼓起，吹。词源同bucket, 圆木桶。
v.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话The boastful toaster roasts himself on the coast in the sunshine.好说大话的祝酒者在海岸上晒太阳.
US [boʊst] verb
SPEAK PROUDLY 夸口
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive disapproving
■to speak too proudly or happily about what you have done or what you own 自吹自擂，吹嘘，夸耀
• He didn't talk about his exam results in case people thought he was boasting. 他没有谈论自己的考试成绩，以免让别人以为他在自我吹嘘。
• Parents enjoy boasting about their children's achievements. 父母喜欢夸耀子女所取得的成绩。
• [+ that] They boasted that they had never lost a single game. 他们夸口说从来没有输过一场比赛。
UK [bəʊst] US [boʊst] verb
HAVE 拥有
transitive not continuous
■to have or own something to be proud of 有（值得自豪的东西）
• Ireland boasts beautiful beaches, great restaurants and friendly locals. 爱尔兰拥有美丽的海滩、很棒的餐馆和友好的当地人。
UK [bəʊst] US [boʊst] noun countable disapproving
■something you are proud of and like to tell people about 夸耀
• [+ that] It is her proud boast that she has never missed a single episode of the soap opera. 她骄傲地夸口说这个肥皂剧她从未漏看过一集。
pride, boast, brag, crow
这组词都有“自夸，吹嘘”的意思，其区别是：
pride: 与boast的意义较接近，指炫耀、夸口，自鸣得意，常与反身代词连用。
boast: 普通用词，指对自己所做的事，自己的长处、财富以及家庭等的夸耀，常含言过其实的意味。
brag: 非正式用词，其夸耀和吹嘘意味强于boast，到了过分夸大，有时令人讨厌的地步。
crow: 多指大声吵嚷地吹嘘，夸耀自己做某事比他人做得好。
n. 自夸；值得夸耀的事物，引以为荣的事物
 - braggadocio, self-praise
vi. 自吹自擂
 - blow one's own born, blow one's own trumpet, blow one's own horn

Word: refuse
Front: refuse
[rɪˈfju:z] (中高研四六托 1247/936 -K4)
Vocabulary: refuse
(once / 44 pages)
1v 2n 3v 4v
To refuse is to decline, deny, reject, or resist. If a stranger offers you candy, you should politely refuse.
As a noun, refuse (pronounced REF-yooss) is food waste, scraps, or garbage. As a verb, refuse (pronounced ree-FYOOZ) means to reject. If you’re mad at me, you’ll probably refuse my invitation to hang out. If your fashion sense isn't up to date, the bouncer at an exclusive nightclub might refuse entry to you. If you’re sick and you need a kidney transplant, your doctor will give you drugs to stop your body from refusing the donor kidney.
WORD FAMILY
refuse: refusal, refused, refuses, refusing+/ refusal: refusals
USAGE EXAMPLES
With Park refusing to appear on Tuesday, the nine-justice court asked her to testify on Thursday.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The man, who was dressed in a Charlotte baggage handler’s uniform, appeared unharmed and refused medical treatment.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Baseball officials refused to confront the problem for years, then became more aggressive than other pro leagues in policing the use of illicit drugs.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: v. 拒绝; 回绝; 推却
n. 废弃物; 垃圾
时态：refused, refusing, refuses
分布：拒绝(67%)，垃圾(28%)，废物(5%)
→re-,向后，往回，-fus,流入，词源同 refund,fusion.即流回，引申词义拒绝，回绝。
拒绝(re回+fuse→向回流→拒绝)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
v.拒绝,谢绝n.废物,垃圾I refuse to accuse Fuse of diffusing confusion.我拒绝控告导火索散播混乱.
verb intransitive or transitive /rɪˈfjuːz/
 ESSENTIAL
■to say that you will not do or accept something 拒绝；回绝；拒绝接受
• He asked me to give him another loan, but I refused. 他让我再借给他一笔钱，我没答应。
• He's in trouble but he's refused all (my offers of) help. 他遇到了麻烦，但是却对（我提出的）帮助一概拒绝。
• [+ to infinitive] On cold mornings the car always refuses to start. 早晨天冷时，车总是发动不起来。
• [+ two objects] The local council refused him planning permission to build an extra bedroom. 他要加盖一间卧室，但当地的政务委员会拒绝签发建筑许可。
noun uncountable /ˈref.juːs/ formal
■unwanted waste material, especially material that is regularly thrown away from a house, factory, etc.; rubbish （尤指家庭、工厂等固定产生的）废物，废料，垃圾
• garden/kitchen refuse 花园／厨房的垃圾
refuse, reject, deny, decline, protest, object
refuse: 拒绝，回绝，不肯，不愿
reject: 拒绝接受，抛弃，抵制
deny: 否认，否定
decline: 谢绝，decline sth
protest: 抗议，反对，protest about/against/at sth
object: 不赞成，抗议，object to sb/sth
n. 垃圾； [环境] 废物
 - garbage, waste, junk, rubbish, trash
vt. 拒绝；不愿；抵制
 - negative, turn down
vi. 拒绝
 - object, turn down

Word: coolness
Front: coolness
[ˈku:lnəs] (15918/19717)
Back: n. 冷静; 凉快; 冷淡; 厚颜无耻
分布：冷(47%)，冷静(27%)，凉爽(26%)
noun uncountable
CALM 冷静
■the ablility to stay calm and act in a reasonable way even in difficult situations 冷静，镇静，沉着
• Her coolness in an emergency was admirable. 她在危急关头表现出的冷静沉着令人钦佩。
['ku:l.nəs] noun uncountable
UNFRIENDLINESS 冷漠
■behaviour that shows no warm feelings and friendliness 冷淡；冷漠
• I noticed a certain coolness between your parents. 我注意到你父母彼此间有些冷漠。
['ku:l.nəs] noun uncountable
COLD 寒冷
■the quality of being slightly cold 凉意；凉快
• There's a slight coolness in the air - do you think it's going to rain? 空气中有一丝凉意——你觉得会下雨吗？
n. 冷；凉爽；冷静
 - calmness, tied down

Word: dammit
Front: dammit
['dæmɪt] (16046/22571)
Back: int. 该死，真他妈的
分布：该死(63%)，真他妈的(25%)，=damn it.(12%)
int. 该死，真他妈的
 - hell, Gadsbodikins

Word: noodle
Front: noodle
[ˈnu:dl] (中高研 7939/21573 -1)
Vocabulary: noodle
(once / 4545 pages)
1n 2n
A noodle is a piece of pasta, especially a long, skinny one. You can eat noodles with butter and cheese or sauce, or slurp them from a bowl of soup.
Noodles are cut or rolled from a dough that contains some kind of flour — wheat, buckwheat, and rice flour are all commonly used. In Thai food, you'll find wide and thin rice noodles, while Italian food contains many varieties of noodles made from semolina flour, like spaghetti and lasagna. Informally, you can call your head a noodle too. Both meanings have uncertain origins; all we know for sure is that noodle comes from the German Nudel.
WORD FAMILY
noodle: noodles
USAGE EXAMPLES
Temple bells echoed at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Temple bells will echo at midnight as families gather around noodles and revelers flock to shrines for the biggest holiday in Japan.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
He played football, liked noodles and used to rib his mum about her Irish accent when she lost her temper.
BBC(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 面条; 傻子， 笨蛋
vi. （乐师）弹拨乐器，（即兴）演奏; [口语]长时间地思考，反复酝酿
分布：面条(100%)
→来自德语Nudel，面条。俚语义笨蛋。
n.(常用复数)面条I'll have instant noodle for supper.晚饭我吃方便面.
noun
FOOD 食物
countable usually plural
■a food in the form of long thin strips made from flour or rice, water and often egg, which you cook in boiling liquid 面条
• egg/rice noodles 鸡蛋面／米粉
• instant/crispy noodles 即食面／炒面
• chicken noodle soup 鸡汤面
['nu:.dl] noun
HEAD
countable US informal for
■ noddle 头，头脑
['nu:.dl] verb intransitive US informal
■to play a musical instrument without giving it full or serious attention （随意地）拨弄乐器
• I just sat at the piano noodling. 我不过是坐在钢琴旁随手弹弹而已。
n. 面条；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: hangout
Front: hangout
['hæŋaʊt] (15939/-)
Back: n. （流氓）住所，巢穴
分布：巢穴(100%)
noun countable informal
■a place where someone spends a lot of time or where they live 经常去的地方；住处
• The café is a favourite hangout of artists. 这家咖啡馆是艺术家们喜欢光顾的地方。
n. 巢穴，（流氓）住所
 - place, inhabitance

Word: time-honored
Front: time-honored
['taɪm'ɔ:nəd] None
Back: adj. 因古老而受到尊重的，确立已久的
分布：历史悠久的(75%)，古老而受尊敬的(25%)
adj. 历史悠久的；因古老而受到尊重的
 - centuried, old-line

Word: kennel
Front: kennel
[ˈkenl] (托宝 15947/10833 -1)
Vocabulary: kennel
(once / 2084 pages)
nv
A kennel is a structure or business that houses animals, particularly dogs and cats. You might leave your dog at a kennel while you go on vacation.
You might have a small kennel for your dog in your backyard, or have your pet groomed or boarded at a professional kennel. Some kennels are kept for breeding animals — when you buy a puppy from a breeder, you might pick him up at a kennel. The word kennel, by way of the Anglo-French kenil, and the Vulgar Latin canile, has its roots in the Latin canis, or "dog."
WORD FAMILY
kennel: kenneled, kenneling, kennelled, kennelling, kennels
USAGE EXAMPLES
She says 20 kennels are scheduled to arrive in February.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Today, these are organised by the Kennel Club of India.
BBC(Nov 26, 2016)
At times, there were so many players in his doghouse, it looked like a kennel.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 狗窝; 养狗场
vt. 把…关进狗舍
vi. 呆在狗舍里
时态：kennelled, kennelling, kennels
分布：养狗场(45%)，狗舍(31%)，宿于狗舍(12%)，排水道(6%)，置于狗舍(6%)
→来自拉丁语canis,狗，词源同canine,cynic,hound.
狗窝(kenn[=can狗]+el;参考:canine狗的)[-el表名词"人或物"]
noun countable (US usually doghouse)
■a small, usually wooden shelter for a dog to sleep in outside 狗窝；犬舍
■US (UK kennels)
■a place where people leave their dogs to be taken care of while they are away, or a place where dogs are bred （临时寄养狗只的）养狗场；狗只繁殖场
• We left our dog in kennels when we went away. 我们外出时把狗放在养狗场。
n. 狗屋；养狗场； [建] 阴沟；一群狗
 - culvert, cloaca

Word: underly

Word: weeping
Front: weeping
[ˈwi:pɪŋ] (15877/16537)
Back: adj. 树枝低垂的
v. （通常因悲伤）哭泣( weep的现在分词 ); 流泪; 悲哀; 哀悼
分布：哭泣(82%)，哭泣的(13%)，垂枝的(4%)，动词weep的现在分词(1%)
VERB
哭泣;流泪
If someone weeps, they cry.
例：She wanted to laugh and weep all at once...她哭笑不得。
例：The weeping family hugged and comforted each other...哭泣着的一家人相互拥抱并彼此安慰。
VERB
（伤口）流血，渗出液体
If a wound weeps, liquid or blood comes from it because it is not healing properly.
例：In severe cases, the skin can crack and weep.在恶劣的条件下，皮肤可能会开裂并流脓。
例：...little blisters which develop into weeping sores.会成为脓疮的小水泡
adj. 哭泣的，滴水的；垂枝的
 - teary
n. 哭泣
 - tearfulness
v. 哭泣；悲痛；哀悼（weep的ing形式）
 - crying, wailing

Word: sizzle
Front: sizzle
[ˈsɪzl] (15950/23622 -1)
Back: vi. 发咝咝声; 表现良好，进行顺利
vt. 把…烧得嘶嘶响; 烧灼
n. 油煎食物时)发出的咝咝声
时态：sizzled, sizzling, sizzles
分布：咝咝的声音(30%)，嘶嘶作响(30%)，表现极好(20%)，使 ...烧得咝咝作响(20%)
→sizz-,发咝咝声，拟声词，-le,表反复。
verb intransitive
■to make a sound like food cooking in hot fat 发出（油炸食物般的）咝咝声 ； 滋滋作响
• The sausages are sizzling in the pan. 香肠在平底锅里滋滋作响。
vi. 发嘶嘶声
 - fizzle
n. 嘶嘶声
 - fizzer

Word: sketchy
Front: sketchy
[ˈsketʃi] (宝 15969/18617 -1)
Vocabulary: sketchy
(once / 6929 pages)
adj
Something sketchy is incomplete: it includes the major points but lacks detail. If a political candidate avoids going into detail about her political views, you might say her platform is sketchy.
A sketch is a quick drawing that doesn't have a lot of detail. That definition should help you remember that sketchy things are incomplete. A sketchy speech from the President will outline some important ideas but be short on specifics. A sketchy plan for the weekend would be "Let's go out to eat." That's sketchy because it has the general idea but no specifics, such as the time or place.
WORD FAMILY
sketchy: sketchier, sketchiest, sketchily, sketchiness+/ sketch: sketched, sketcher, sketches, sketching, sketchy /sketcher: sketchers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Details are sketchy, but Tom Stoppard is scripting.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
One of the cards drawn up by the children and published by the Guardian is written in sketchy English by a nine-year-old girl.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
"I'll see how far I get before it becomes too sketchy," David says.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 概要的，粗略的; 未完成的; 写生风格的; 速写的，略图似的
级别：sketchier, sketchiest
分布：概略的(55%)，略图的(15%)，不完全的(15%)，不确定的(15%)
→sketch,梗概，轮廓，-y,形容词后缀。引申词义粗略的，大概的。
adjective
■containing few details 简略的，粗略的
• So far we only have sketchy information about what caused the explosion. 迄今为止，我们仅仅粗略掌握了关于爆炸的大概起因。
adj. 写生风格的；写生的；概略的
 - synoptical, diagrammatic

Word: studied
Front: studied
[ˈstʌdid] (宝 15971/19220)
Vocabulary: studied
(once / 187 pages)
adj
Studied describes a result achieved, not spontaneously, but by calculated and deliberate effort. It will probably take a studied effort to not appear nervous when you give an oral presentation.
Leaders often do not respond immediately to important events. They get a little background information first so they can give a studied response. When stars have to stand around on the red carpet before the Oscars to have their pictures taken, their smiles become less spontaneous and more studied. Even if you walk past a group of girls with studied nonchalance, they still know that you have noticed them.
WORD FAMILY
studied: studiedly, unstudied+/student: students, studentship/studentship: studentships/ studious: studiously, studiousness, unstudious/ study: student, studied, studies, studious, studying, understudy/studying: studyings/understudy: understudied, understudies, understudying/unstudied: unstudiedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school in Istanbul where he studied, Kemburgaz University, announced his death on Twitter.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Mills studied a series of photos of women, pausing on one he’d used: a woman wearing a necktie, her legs akimbo.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Following a master’s at Cornell in 1951, she completed a doctorate at Georgetown University in 1954, where she studied the motion of galaxies.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 有计划的; 故意的; 深思熟虑的; 精通的
v. 学习，研究( study的过去式和过去分词 ); 想出; 详细地检查; 背诵（台词等）
分布：故意的(68%)，动词study的过去式和过去分词.(16%)，有学问的(16%)
【参】studious（adj 勤学的）
adjective
■very carefully and intentionally done, made or considered, rather than in a completely honest or sincere way 审慎的；刻意的，有意的；精心安排的
• After a pause, he gave a studied answer. 他停顿了一下，给了一个审慎的回答。
• She listened to his remarks with studied indifference. 她装作漫不经心地听着他的话。
adj. 有计划的；故意的
 - designed, planned, intended, shaped, calculated
v. 学习（study的过去式）
 - learnt

Word: roil
Front: roil
[rɔɪl] (宝 15962/-)
Vocabulary: roil
(once / 9213 pages)
v
To roil means to stir up or churn. A stormy ocean might roil, or even a restless crowd.
The word roil is often confused with rile, which has a slightly different meaning. If you roil someone you're stirring them up but not necessarily annoying them. To rile someone is to deliberately provoke or antagonize them. Usually there's no roiling without riling. Muhammad Ali roiled much of America when he refused to be drafted for the Vietnam War.
WORD FAMILY
roil: roiled, roiling, roils
USAGE EXAMPLES
In other news, the diversity issue again roiled Hollywood.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Xinhua noted a "troublesome start" to 2016, probably referring to a sharp fall in the yuan and worry about China's slowing economy roiling markets worldwide.
Reuters(Dec 26, 2016)
That is welcome news for a part of the world roiling with conflict.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 搅混（液体）; 使烦恼; 使不安; 使生气
时态：roiled, roiling, roils
分布：动荡(48%)，搅浑(29%)，激怒(23%)
【记】读：肉油。肉就够腻的了，还往里面加油给你吃－激怒
【反】settle（v 安放；使定居），clarify（v 澄清）；appease（v 平息；安抚）
VERB
(水)激荡，翻滚，翻腾
If water roils, it is rough and disturbed.
例：The water roiled to his left as he climbed carefully at the edge of the waterfall.当他在瀑布边缘小心攀爬时，水就在他左边奔腾。
VERB
扰乱;搅乱;使混乱
Something that roils a state or situation makes it disturbed and confused.
例：Times of national turmoil generally roil a country's financial markets.在国家动荡不安的时代，该国的金融市场一般都会出现混乱。
vt. 搅浑；惹怒
 - rile, rub the wrong way
vi. 动荡；喧闹
 - whoop up

Word: toll
Front: toll
[təʊl] (研托雅宝 4599/6043 -2)
Vocabulary: toll
(once / 585 pages)
1nv 2vn
A toll is a payment made for something. To drive on some highways, drivers have to pay a toll when they exit.
Toll comes from the Greek word for "tax," telos. When a fee is charged for the privilege of driving on a road or crossing a bridge, it's called a toll. Another kind of toll is the charge to make a long distance telephone call. Occasionally, toll refers to a different kind of cost — a loss of human life: the human toll of an earthquake or war. Finally, there's the toll, or deep ringing sound, of a bell.
WORD FAMILY
toll: tolled, toller, tolling, tolls+/toller: tollers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They say all potential revenue increases should be on the table, including raising the gas tax and imposing tolls.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Up to 35 other people were wounded in that attack, he said, adding that the death toll was expected to rise.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
But Assembly Speaker Robin Vos and other Assembly Republicans argue everything, including tolling and tax and fee increases, should be considered.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 通行费; 伤亡人数; 钟声; 长途电话费
v. 鸣钟; 敲钟
时态：tolled, tolling, tolls
分布：代价(34%)，通行费(30%)，钟声(15%)，敲钟(14%)，伤亡人数(7%)
→来自古英语 toll,费用，税费，关税，来自 Proto-Germanic*tullo,计算数，告知，来自 dol, 计算，思考，词源同 tell,tall.引申诸相关词义。
n.(道路,桥等的)通行费;牺牲;死伤人数Automobile accidents take a heavy toll of human lives.车祸使许多人丧生.
US [toʊl] noun
CHARGE 收费
countable
■a small amount of money that you have to pay to use a road, cross a bridge, etc （道路、桥梁等的）通行费
• He's just got a job collecting tolls at the start of the motorway. 他刚刚得到了一份在高速公路入口处收通行费的工作。
countable US
■the money a long-distance telephone call costs 长途电话费
• Is Bayonne a toll call (= a more expensive telephone call) from New York? 从纽约打电话到贝约纳是长途吗？
UK [təʊl] US [toʊl] noun
SUFFERING 痛苦
 ADVANCED uncountable
■suffering, deaths or damage 伤亡；损失；破坏
• Independent sources say that the death toll from the earthquake runs into thousands. 独立消息人士称地震中的伤亡人数达到数千人。
UK [təʊl] US [toʊl] noun
take its/their/a toll
■If something takes its/their/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths or damage 造成损失（或伤亡、破坏）
• The problems of the past few months have taken their toll on her health and there are shadows beneath her eyes. 过去几个月的问题影响了她的健康，她眼睛出现黑眼圈。
• The deepening recession has also taken its toll in the south of the country, where unemployment is rife. 日益加剧的经济衰退也严重影响到该国南部地区，那里的失业率居高不下。
UK [təʊl] US [toʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
■to (cause a large bell to) ring slowly and repeatedly （使）缓慢而反覆地鸣响
• In the distance, a church bell tolled the hour (= showed the time by ringing). 远处传来教堂报时的钟声。
vt. 征收；敲钟
 - ring, levy upon
n. [税收] 通行费；代价；钟声
 - price, expense, cost, ring, bell
vi. 鸣钟；征税
 - ring the bell, levy tax

Word: Panamanian
Front: Panamanian
[ˌpænə'meɪnɪən] (15895/17808)
Back: n. 巴拿马人
adj. 巴拿马的
分布：巴拿马的(65%)，巴拿马人(35%)
noun countable adjective
■Panamanian 巴拿马人／巴拿马的

Word: responder
Front: responder
[rɪs'pɒndə] (15870/30048)
Vocabulary: responder
(once / 21687 pages)
n
A responder is someone who answers a question or who acts quickly in response to some event. If there's only one responder to all of your teacher's questions, he'll start calling on other students to answer as well.
Anyone who responds, or reacts, in some way is a responder, whether their responses are spoken, sung, or acted out physically. You're likely to find this word in the context of "first responders," a term that's used for police officers, firefighters, EMTs, or anyone else whose job puts them among the people who help in an emergency or disaster.
WORD FAMILY
responder: responders+/ respond: responded, respondent, responder, responding, responds, responsive / respondent: co-respondent, respondently, respondents/ responsive: responsively, responsiveness, unresponsive / unresponsive: unresponsively, unresponsiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Okaloosa County Sheriff’s Office, fire department first responders, the Walton Sheriff’s Office, the Coast Guard and others assisted in searching for the man.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It was a difficult year for first responders, who also mourned the death of Prince George’s County firefighter John “Skillet” Ulmschneider, 37.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
Relatives attempted CPR before local emergency responders arrived on the scene.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 回答者; 回应者; 应答器; 响应器
分布：应答器(58%)，回答者(42%)
n. [通信] [计] 响应器；回答者
 - answerer, replier

Word: pernicious
Front: pernicious
[pəˈnɪʃəs] (宝 15964/15230 -1)
Vocabulary: pernicious
(once / 1385 pages)
adj
Pernicious means harmful and subtle, such as a poison gas that causes cancer in those exposed to it over the course of years.
Pernicious comes from the Latin perniciosus, for destructive, which in turn comes from pernicies, for death or ruin. You might have heard your parents and teachers talk about the pernicious effects of watching too much TV and playing video games all day––they'll turn your brain to mush.
WORD FAMILY
pernicious: perniciously, perniciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Indeed, a mainstream strategy in cognitive behavioral therapy involves purposefully articulating thoughts to oneself in order to diminish pernicious habits of mind.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
This cultural self-destruction is particularly pernicious when women with children can’t function as mothers.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
What she did not understand then, but now sees clearly, was that pernicious forces were in control — an undiagnosed mental illness and an unwavering addiction.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 很有害的，恶性的，致命的，险恶的; 引起巨大伤害的; 毁灭性的
分布：有害的(68%)，恶性的(32%)
→per-,完全的，-nic,伤害，杀害，词源同noxious,necrosis.引申词义有害的。
有害的,有毒的(per+nic毒+ious→有毒的)[per-①表示"贯穿,自始至终"②表示"假,坏"]
【记】per全部，nic毒，暴亡，ious－全部暴亡－致命的
US [pɚ-] formal
adjective
■having a very harmful effect or influence 极其有害的；恶性的；恶劣的
• The cuts in government funding have had a pernicious effect on local health services. 政府经费的缩减对地方医卫服务产生了极为恶劣的影响。
adj. 有害的；恶性的；致命的；险恶的
 - harmful, evil, kill, malignant, destructive

Word: trespass
Front: trespass
[ˈtrespəs] (托雅宝 15976/14197 -1)
Vocabulary: trespass
(once / 1106 pages)
1vn 2v
To trespass is to illegally enter someone's property or overstep your bounds in another way.
Have you ever seen a "No trespassing" sign? If so, you probably know it means "Keep out" and that trespassing is to go somewhere unlawfully. If you break into a store that's closed or enter a stranger's yard, you're trespassing and could be arrested. Also, trespassing refer to other types of stepping over boundaries. If you lie to a friend, that's a type of trespassing. Taking advantage of someone is trespassing. Both kinds of trespassing are violations.
WORD FAMILY
trespass: trespassed, trespasser, trespasses, trespassing +/trespasser: trespassers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of the three arrests, two were for disorderly conduct and trespassing and one was a handgun case.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Any suspect who steps forward would face a misdemeanor trespassing charge —  a penalty equivalent to “a slap on the hand,” Ramirez said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The two protesters — a man and a woman — were later arrested for trespassing, Minneapolis police spokesman Corey Schmidt said.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: vi. <律>侵占，侵入; 侵犯，侵害（权利等）; 打扰; 冒犯
n. 罪过; 打扰; 非法进入，擅自进入; 冒犯
时态：trespassed, trespassing, trespasses
分布：冒犯(33%)，非法侵入(31%)，侵害(23%)，罪过(13%)
侵入,打扰(tres[=trans横过去]+pass→横穿而过→侵入[别人领地])[pass=passthrough表示"通过"]
【记】tres横，pass过－横过某人的地盘－侵犯
【反】without intruding（没有入侵）；obey（v 服从）；undo（v 解开；撤消）
US [-pæs] verb intransitive
BREAK LAW 违法
■to go onto someone's land or enter their building without permission 擅自进入，侵入（他人土地或建筑物）
• I hope this is a public footpath and we're not trespassing on someone's land. 但愿这是条公共人行道，我们没有擅自闯入别人的地界。
UK ['tres.pəs] US [-pæs] verb intransitive
NOT MORAL 不道德 old use
■to do something, or act in a way, that is not morally acceptable 违犯道德或社会法规（做某事或行为的方式在道德上不为人认可）
UK ['tres.pəs] US [-pæs] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  trespass on/upon sth formal
■to take unfair advantage of a good quality in someone's character 不公正地利用，滥用（他人性格中的优点）
• They said we should stay another night, but I didn't want to trespass on their hospitality. 他们说我们该再留一晚，可是我不想给他们多添麻烦。
UK ['tres.pəs] US [-pæs] noun
BREAK LAW 违法
countable or uncountable
■the crime of going onto someone's land or entering their building without permission 擅自进入，侵入（他人土地或建筑物）
• the law of trespass 违反法律
UK ['tres.pəs] US [-pæs] noun
NOT MORAL 不道德
countable old use
■an offence in which you break a moral or religious law （违反道德或宗教律法的）罪过
• Forgive us our trespasses. 原谅我们的罪过。
vi. 侵入；犯罪；打扰；冒犯
 - sin, intrude upon
n. 罪过；非法侵入；过失；擅自进入
 - debt, error, mistake, sin, blame

Word: commercialization
Front: commercialization
[kəˌmɜ:ʃəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (15905/35213)
Back: 商业化，商品化
分布：商品化(100%)
VERB
使商业化;以…牟利
If something is commercialized, it is used or changed in such a way that it makes money or profits, often in a way that people disapprove of.
例：It seems such a pity that a distinguished and honored name should be commercialized in such a manner...一个著名的、令人尊敬的名字被人用得如此商业化，似乎太让人遗憾了。
例：Federal agencies should commercialize research.各个联邦机构应该把研究商业化。
n. [贸易] 商品化，商业化
 - merchandizing

Word: profusion
Front: profusion
[prəˈfju:ʒn] (15972/14630 -1)
Vocabulary: profusion
(once / 1214 pages)
n
If there's an abundance of something, you can say that there's a profusion of it. Hilarious and bizarre YouTube videos certainly exist in profusion.
The noun profusion comes from a Latin word profusionem, meaning "a pouring out." So you can think of profusion as an outpouring of something — an overflow or cornucopia of it. An area known for wine making should have a profusion of grapes growing along the hillsides. And an awesome performance should garner a profusion of compliments and shouts of "encore!"
WORD FAMILY
profusion: profusions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Still, 2016’s deaths felt exceptional, and not merely in their profusion.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
All of which happened to Ms. Fisher, repeatedly and in profusion.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Cathedral clergy, a profusion of angels, shepherds, Bethlehem townspeople and a menagerie of animals in a retelling of the Nativity.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 丰富，充沛; 慷慨，大方; 浪费，挥霍
分布：大量(82%)，浪费(9%)，丰多(9%)
丰富;豪爽(profuse+ion)[fus=pour,表示"流,泻"]
丰富;浪费(profuse...浪费的;充沛的,pro+fuse流)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
【反】paucity（n 极小量）
[prə'fju:.ʒən] formal
noun [S or U]
■an extremely large amount of something 丰富，充沛，大量
• I was remarking on the recent profusion of books and articles on the matter. 我正在谈论最近关于这次事件大量的书和文章。
• She'd never seen flowers so beautiful and in such profusion. 她从未见过开得如此美丽、如此繁茂的花。
n. 丰富，充沛；慷慨
 - abundance, plenty, pregnancy, amplitude, enrichment

Word: waterfowl
Front: waterfowl
[ˈwɔ:təfaʊl] (15867/28154)
Back: n. 水鸟，水禽
分布：水禽(56%)，水鸟(44%)
US ['wɑ:.tˌɚ-] (plural waterfowl)
noun countable or uncountable
■any bird that spends much of its life on or around a river or lake, especially one which is shot for food or sport 水鸟，水禽
n. 水禽； [鸟] 水鸟
 - grebe

Word: Mayan

Word: incongruous
Front: incongruous
[ɪnˈkɒŋgruəs] (托雅 15979/14296 -1)
Vocabulary: incongruous
(once / 1209 pages)
adj
Something that's incongruous is inconsistent or incompatible with something else. Remember that Sesame Street song "One of these things is not like the other"? They were talking about that one thing being incongruous.
If we break it down into its Latin roots, incongruous is formed by adding in, meaning “not," to congruous, which means “suitable, proper.” So, something that is incongruous is "not suitable or proper" — in other words, not in harmony with everything else. That's why burping at the dinner table could be called incongruous behavior: it's not proper and certainly doesn't go well with the main course.
WORD FAMILY
incongruous: incongruity, incongruously, incongruousness+/ congruity: congruities/congruous: congruity, congruously, congruousness, incongruous / incongruity: incongruities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was originally turned down by the district council which said it would be "an incongruous feature in the countryside".
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
Incongruous information is discarded, and supporting information is eagerly retained.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
The reindeers, the snowmen, the sleds - all look very incongruous amid the city's luxuriant, tropical vegetation.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不协调的，不一致的; 不和谐的; 不相称的; 异向
分布：不协调的(68%)，不一致的(24%)，前后不一的(8%)
→in-,不，非，congruous,一致的。
US [-'kɑ:ŋ-] adjective
■unusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happening 不协调的；不合适的；不一致的
• The new computer looked incongruous in the dark book-filled library. 这台新电脑在放满书的昏暗图书馆中显得很不协调。
• It seems incongruous to have a woman as the editor of a men's magazine. 让一个女人做男性杂志的编辑似乎不合适。
adj. 不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的
 - absonant, uncoordinated

Word: unambiguous
Front: unambiguous
[ˌʌnæmˈbɪgjuəs] (15946/11976 -1)
Vocabulary: unambiguous
(once / 15511 pages)
adj
If something is unambiguous, there are no two ways to interpret it. If your girlfriend burns all your letters, texts you that she hates you, and moves a thousand miles away, the unambiguous message is that she’s finished with you.
If you're nervously reading the manual on how to trap the rattlesnake that's hiding under your bed, you'd hope the instructions would be unambiguous and tell you very clearly what to do. The word unambiguous gets its meaning from un-, meaning "not," combined with the Latin -ambi-, meaning "both ways," and -agere, meaning "to drive." So unambiguous is not driving in two directions — it's going full speed ahead, in just one direction, with only one meaning.
WORD FAMILY
unambiguous: unambiguously+/ ambiguity: ambiguities, unambiguity/ ambiguous: ambiguity, ambiguously, unambiguous
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the buildup of forces in the Baltics is an unambiguous warning to him not to push his luck.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And it is probably the best institution to send a clear, unambiguous message of solidarity: Nominate climate scientists for the Nobel Prize.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
“The statute is clear and unambiguous and McNair is correct,” the opinion said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 不含糊的; 清楚的; 明白的
分布：不含糊的(58%)，清楚的(42%)
adjective
■expressed in a way which makes it completely clear what is meant 不含糊的，明确的
• The minister said she would give a clear and unambiguous statement on the future of the coal industry at the earliest possible opportunity. 部长称她将尽快就煤炭工业的前途问题作一个清楚明确的报告。
adj. 不含糊的；清楚的；明白的
 - distinct, clear, evident, explicit

Word: indigent
Front: indigent
[ˈɪndɪdʒənt] (托宝 15961/36066)
Vocabulary: indigent
(once / 3363 pages)
adj
An indigent person is extremely poor, lacking the basic resources of a normal life. Often the indigent lack not only money but homes.
Indigent comes from a Latin word meaning wanting, which we used to use to mean “lacking” and not just to describe desires. Homeless shelters, soup kitchens, free medical clinics and court-appointed lawyers are all institutions that our society has developed to help indigent people.
WORD FAMILY
indigent: indigence
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such widespread complaints stem from a money-saving indigent defense system.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
In South Carolina, state lawmakers capped the diversion fee at $350 and said it might be waived for indigent defendants.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
“When you got sick and indigent, you wound up in places like that.”
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 贫穷的，贫困的，缺少钱财的
分布：贫困的(63%)，贫穷的(37%)
→indi-,在内，在里，来自in-的扩大形式，-ig,缺乏，需要，来自拉丁语egere,需要的，来自angh,紧的，紧缩的，词源同anguish,anxious.引申词义贫穷的。
贫穷的(贫困+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】in否定，dig挖，ent－挖不出东西－贫困的
【区】indigenous是以ous结尾，表示多，不可能是indigent的意思。
【反】affluent（adj 富裕的；丰富的）
['ɪn.dɪ.dʒənt] formal
adjective
■very poor 十分贫困的，十分贫穷的
adj. 贫困的；贫穷的（副词indigently）
 - poor, needy

Word: epidemiological
Front: epidemiological
[ˌepɪˌdi:mɪə'lɒdʒɪkl] (15885/17760)
Back: adj. 流行病学
分布：流行病学的(100%)
[见上,-logical...学的]流行病学的[popul-人民;dem(o)人民]

Word: capital
Front: capital
[ˈkæpɪtl] (中高研四六雅 1061/729 -K5)
Vocabulary: capital
(once / 81 pages)
1nadj 2n 3n 4adj 5n
Capital is the total amount of money (and things with a monetary value, like houses or cars) that a person or institution owns. A bank's capital might be in the billions, while your capital barely makes it into the hundreds.
Capital comes from the Latin capitalis, or "head," which some would argue is the command center of your body. Because your head is so important, capital, as a noun and as an adjective, has come to refer to the primary or chief example of something — whether it's money, a letter, a crime, or the national or state seat of a government. It can be easily confused with the American word capitol, which refers to the buildings where government activities take place.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
capital / capitol
Aha! A capital is a stash of money or the government headquarters of a state. Oh, a capitol is a building.
A state's capital is the primary city and usually the seat of the state government. The most important city is the capital city. The capital of New York is Albany, for example. Washington DC is the nation's capital:
Park Police found an abandoned vehicle, with an assault rifle inside it, near a bridge leading out of the nation's capital to Virginia. (New York Times)
Capital is also a financial word referring to, in a nutshell, the money a person or business has, not including debts. But wait, there's more! A capital letter starts a sentence or a proper noun, like the capital V for Virginia. It's also a crime that carries with it the severest penalty (life in prison or execution):
Wilson is the 19th death row inmate to commit suicide since California reinstated capital punishment in 1978, according to the Department of Corrections. (Reuters)
If you want to sound like a British spy, use capital to mean excellent, first rate, or really important:
In the realm of amateur fruit growing, on the other hand — a realm now daily widening — dwarf fruit trees are of capital importance. (F.A. Waugh)
A capitol (with an o) is a building that houses a government's legislative branch. When capitol is capitalized (ahem), it refers to the Capitol Building in Washington, DC, that is home to US Senators and Representatives. It's located on — where else? — Capitol Hill.
Remember that capitol with an o refers to a certain type of building that usually has a dome, then you'll know that in all other cases you want capital with an a.
WORD FAMILY
capital: capitalise, capitalism, capitalize, capitally, capitals+/capitalisation: capitalisations, overcapitalisation/capitalise: capitalisation, capitalised, capitalising, overcapitalise/ capitalism: capitalist, capitalistic/ capitalist: capitalists/capitalistic: capitalistically/ capitalization: capitalizations/ capitalize: capitalization, capitalized, capitalizes, capitalizing, overcapitalize/overcapitalise: overcapitalising/overcapitalize: overcapitalization, overcapitalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam, is famous for its buzzing, swirling, incomprehensible traffic.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a few seconds the results of a heart test are sent to a specialist clinic in the capital.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Mr. Obama, who will remain in the nation’s capital for the next year or so, does not appear ready to slip quietly into retirement.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 首都; 资本; 资源; 大写字母
adj. 极好的; 死刑的; 资本的; 首都的
分布：资本(68%)，首都(17%)，资本的(6%)，大写字母(6%)，大写的(2%)，首要的(1%)
→来自词根cap, 头，词义外延不断扩大。
首要的;首都;资本(capit+al→头的→首要的→首都)[cap,cipit=head,表示"头"]
n.首都;大写字母;资本a.主要的,大写字母的The incapable man in cap went into the hospitable capital hospital.戴帽的无能男子走进热情好客的首都医院.
US [-tˌəl] noun
CITY 城市
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a city which is the centre of government of a country or smaller political area 首都；首府；省会
• Australia's capital city is Canberra. 澳大利亚的首都是坎培拉。
countable
■the most important place for a particular business or activity （某行业或活动的）中心
• London used to be the financial capital of the world. 伦敦曾是世界金融中心。
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] noun
LETTER 字母
 ESSENTIAL countable (also capital letter)
■a letter of the alphabet in the form and larger size that is used at the beginning of sentences and names 大写字母
• print in capitals 用大写字母印刷
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] noun
MONEY 钱
 ADVANCED uncountable
■money and possessions, especially a large amount of money used for producing more wealth or for starting a new business 资本，资金；本钱
• She leaves her capital untouched in the bank and lives off the interest. 她不动用银行里的本金，靠利息生活。
• We've put £20 000 capital into the business, but we're unlikely to see any return for a few years. 我们在生意上投入了两万英镑，但很可能在几年内都看不到任何回报。
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] noun
COLUMN 圆柱
countable specialized
■the top part of a column 柱头，柱冠，柱顶
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] noun
make capital out of sth
■to use a situation to get an advantage for yourself 从…中获益（或赢得好处）；利用
• The Opposition is making a lot of political capital out of the Government's failure to invest in education. 反对党正利用政府未能搞好教育投资而大捞政治资本。
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] adjective
LETTER 字母
■(of a letter of the alphabet) in the form and larger size that is used at the beginning of sentences and names 大写字母
• Do you write 'calvinist' with a capital 'C'? 你写 calvinist 时将 C 大写吗？
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] adjective
DEATH 死亡
capital crime/offence
■a crime that can be punished by death 死罪
• In some countries, importing drugs is a capital offence. 在某些国家，携带毒品入境是死罪。
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] adjective
EXCELLENT 极好的 UK old-fashioned
■very good or excellent 很棒的，极好的
• That's a capital idea ! 那主意好极了！
UK ['kæp.ɪ.təl] US [-tˌəl] adjective
with a capital A/B etc.
■said after the name of a particular quality to say that it is very strong, using its first letter （用于表示性质的词后，表示强调）非常，特别
• He's trouble with a capital T! 他这个人特别烦人！
principal, leading, primary, foremost, capital, major, chief, main
这组词都有“首要的，主要的”的意思，其区别是：
principal: 用于人时，指地位优于其他人；用于物时，指该物在大小、重要性等方面优于他物。
leading: 侧重指具有影响力或凝聚力。从而有主导和引导的作用。
primary: 通常不用于人。用于物时，指在重要性方面占第一位。
foremost: 侧重指在行进或发展过程中居首位。
capital: 着重指因重要性、意义、优越或重大而名列同类之首。
major: 指同其他人或其它物、问题等相比较，显得更加重要和突出。
chief: 拽人时，表同类中职位最高，权力最大；指物时，表同类中最重要，价值最高。
main: 通常只用于物。指在一定范围内，某物的重要性、体积或力量等超过其它物。
n. 首都，省会； [会计] 资金；大写字母；资本家
 - fund, upper case
adj. 首都的；重要的；大写的
 - crucial, important, considerable, material, big

Word: stand-alone
Front: stand-alone
[stænd ə'ləʊn] None
Back: n. 单机，卓越
adj. 独立经营的
分布：独立的(100%)
US [-ˌloʊn] adjective [before noun]
■Something, such as a computer or a business, which is stand-alone can operate on its own without needing help from another similar thing. （电脑、企业等）独立的，独立运作的
n. [计] 独立；单机
 - independency, one machine
adj. [计] 独立的；独立操作的
 - independent, specialty

Word: tutorial
Front: tutorial
[tju:ˈtɔ:riəl] (托雅 15959/8172 -1)
Vocabulary: tutorial
(once / 18851 pages)
nadj
A tutorial is a teaching session given to one student or a small group of students. If you are stuck in a class, you could use a tutorial.
Teachers lead classes, but tutors are educators who also help students, usually one-on-one. Tutors don’t give grades: they just try to help or coach students. A session given by a tutor is called a tutorial. A tutorial could be a one-on-one session in a tutoring center or elsewhere. A tutorial could also be a small group led by a tutor, in which the tutor helps the whole group with math, history, or another topic.
WORD FAMILY
tutorial: tutorials+/ tutor: tutelage, tutored, tutorial, tutoring, tutors, tutorship/tutored: untutored/tutorship: tutorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And she’s now doing a psychology degree via online tutorials because, since Stranger Things, she’s never in one place long enough to attend lectures.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
I needed less of a tutorial about the Jewish customs and more about how to impose some structure to the meal and the conversation.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Around 150 to 200 medical students watched the tutorial as it happened, and many more joined in in the 24 hours following.
Time(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 个别辅导时间; 教程，辅导材料; 使用说明书; 辅导课
adj. 导师的; 私人教师的; 辅导的
分布：教程(88%)，指南(9%)，个别指导的(2%)，辅导班(1%)
→来自 tutor,导师，教师，-ial,形容词后缀。
US [tu:'tɔ:r.i-] noun countable
■a period of study with a tutor involving one student or a small group 导师辅导课

Word: throwback
Front: throwback
[ˈθrəʊbæk] (宝 15978/22673)
Back: n. 掷回; 挫折; 阻止; 大倒退
分布：返祖现象(84%)，返回(16%)
【记】throw扔，back回
US ['θroʊ-] noun countable usually singular
■a person or thing that is similar to an earlier type 返祖者；类似先前种类的东西
• He's an unappealing throwback to the days of '80s City slickers. 他是个很不起眼的人，让人联想起80年代那种对外界一无所知的城里人。
• In some ways the new applet technology is a throwback to the old pre-PC days. 在某些方面，新的小应用程式技术类似以前个人电脑出现前的技术。

Word: mellow
Front: mellow
[ˈmeləʊ] (13523/14871 -1)
Vocabulary: mellow
(once / 872 pages)
adjvadv
When something becomes mellow, it gets softer or more relaxed. People are often said to mellow with age, meaning their aggressiveness, their sarcasm, and their short temper have given way to a more easygoing, genial manner.
Wine and other foods mellow just like people, and can be described as "having mellowed" when they reach a full and pleasing flavor, without sharpness. The laid-back quality of jazz pieces like John Coltrane’s “My Favorite Things” is often described as mellow. Sometimes the musicians who play them are mellow too. When people are slightly and pleasantly intoxicated, they often claim to be feeling mellow, having attained a relaxed and agreeable state without even having to grow old.
WORD FAMILY
mellow: mellowed, mellower, mellowest, mellowing, mellowingly, mellowly, mellowness, mellows+/mellowness: mellownesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Morrison began to mellow and succeeded in his role, she said.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
But Bill still attends all practices and games, and he insists he hasn’t mellowed too much.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Do you play most of your golf alone, or is your usual foursome a mellow group?
Golf Digest(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. （瓜，果等）成熟的; （酒）芳醇的; （颜色或声音）柔和的; 圆润的
v. （使）成熟; 变柔和; 使芳醇
时态：mellowed, mellowing, mellows
分布：成熟的(68%)，醇的(24%)，熟练的(8%)
→可能来自古英语melu,粉，来自mel,软的，词源同melt.后用于形容水果成熟的，松软的，醇香的，并引申词义甘美的。
US [-oʊ] adjective
SMOOTH 柔和的
■smooth, soft or developed; not too sharp, bright, new or rough 柔和的；温和的；芳醇的
• mellow flavours 芳醇的味道
• mellow sounds 柔和的声音
• mellow autumn sunlight 秋日柔和的阳光
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] adjective
RELAXED 放松的
■relaxed and pleasant or not severe 放松的；令人愉快的
• a mellow mood/atmosphere 轻松的心情／舒缓的气氛
• After a few drinks, he became very mellow. 几杯酒下肚后，他变得飘飘然起来。
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb
BECOME SOFTER 变柔和
intransitive
■to become softer and more developed in a pleasing way 变柔和；成熟
• The brickwork will mellow over the years so that it blends with the surroundings. 这座砖建筑物随着时间的流逝会变得古色古香，与周围的环境融为一体。
UK ['mel.əʊ] US [-oʊ] verb
BECOME RELAXED 放松
intransitive or transitive
■to become more relaxed 放松下来
• She used to be very impatient, but she's mellowed over time. 她过去很容易急躁起来，但随着时间过去她变得平和多了。
• The years have mellowed her. 岁月使她变得成熟稳重。
• US informal Oh don't be so tough on yourself, Bill - mellow out (= become more relaxed and less severe). 哦，别对自己那么苛刻，比尔，放松点。
adj. 圆润的，柔和的；成熟的；芳醇的
 - developed, adult, female, mature, delicate
vt. 使成熟；使柔和
 - age, ripen
vi. 成熟；变柔和
 - age, mature, flower

Word: misplaced
Front: misplaced
[ˌmɪsˈpleɪst] (15991/14201 -1)
Back: adj. 错位的; 寄托错的
v. 错放(misplace的过去式)
分布：错放(72%)，误给(28%)
adjective
■directed towards someone or something wrongly or in a way that does not show good judgment 被错误寄托的；错放的
• misplaced loyalty/trust 无谓的忠诚／被辜负的信任
• I'm afraid your confidence in my abilities is misplaced. 恐怕你对我的能力寄予了太大的信心了。
adj. 错位的；寄托错的
 - malposed

Word: invert
Front: invert
[ɪnˈvɜ:t] (研六托雅宝 15967/20592 -1)
Vocabulary: invert
(once / 1191 pages)
v
When you invert something, you turn it upside down, whether it’s an idea or a test you place face-down on your desk when you are finished.
Invert comes from the Latin word invertere, which means "to turn." For example, you might invert a cake pan, turning it upside down on a plate in order to remove the cake. Or if you have a long-standing belief, say, that cats make bad pets, spending time with a really great cat may make you turn that belief upside down, inverting it. And you might even get a cat of your own!
WORD FAMILY
invert: inversion, inverted, inverter, inverting, inverts+/ inversion: inversions/inverted: invertedly/inverter: inverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Different decorative motifs proceed down the tapered legs, which resemble inverted obelisks.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Run a table knife around the sides of the warm cake, then invert the cake onto the sugared cloth.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
Those “fundamental errors” led the appeals court to an “inverted and extraordinary outcome,” GM’s lawyers wrote in the Supreme Court petition.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 使…前后倒置; 使反转
n. 颠倒的事物; 变性者
adj. 转化的
时态：inverted, inverting, inverts
分布：颠倒(31%)，反转(24%)，倒置(20%)，转化的(17%)，颠倒物(8%)
→in-,进入，使，-vert,转，词源同versus,convert.即转过去的，颠倒，倒置。
翻过来,倒转(in进+vert→转进去→倒转→倒置)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
v.倒置,倒转,颠倒I averted my eyes from the diverse advertisements for the invert converter.我把目光从花样繁多的倒置转换器广告上移开.
US [-'vɝ:t] formal
verb transitive
■to turn something upside down or change the order of two things 使倒置；使颠倒
• In some languages, the word order in questions is inverted (= the verb comes before the subject of the sentence). 在一些语言里，疑问句的词序是颠倒的。
invert, transform, revert, convert
这组词都有“转变”的意思，其区别是：
invert: v.使颠倒，使倒转，使反向。常常表示位置、顺序、方向等的颠倒。
 • The baby inverted the cup and spilled her orange juice.   婴儿把杯子打翻，弄洒了里面的橙汁。
transform: v.改变，转变，指形状、颜色、大小、性质等的改变。
 • A little paint will soon transform the old house.   刷一点油漆很快就会使这所旧房子大为改观。
revert: v.归还，恢复原状。指回到原来的状态或情形。
 • John gave his brother a house, and when his brother died, ownership reverted back to John.   约翰送给他的哥哥一所房子，当他的哥哥去世后，房子的所有权重新归于约翰。
convert: v.转变，变换，含有"使某人改变观点"的意思。
 • He wants to convert to Catholicism.   他要皈依天主教。
vt. 使…转化；使…颠倒；使…反转；使…前后倒置
 - coup

Word: nanotechnology
Front: nanotechnology
[ˌnænəʊtekˈnɒlədʒi] (15982/-)
Vocabulary: nanotechnology
(once / 45635 pages)
n
Nanotechnology is a science that deals with extremely tiny things, especially individual atoms and molecules.
Nanotechnology is a branch of engineering concerned with building and manipulating extremely tiny things: things that are smaller than 100 nanometers. If that sounds small, it certainly is: a nanometer is a billionth of a meter. When scientists are working at this level, they are dealing with atoms and molecules. Science fiction has featured tiny creatures such as nanobots, but the real world of nanotechnology increasingly includes breakthroughs in the areas of energy, vaccines, computers, and food production.
WORD FAMILY
nanotechnology: nanotechnologies
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he was confident that they would ultimately bring the nanotechnology projects to fruition.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
So Shea and his colleagues are looking to nanotechnology for help.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Some fields — such as nanotechnology and cancer research — are more dependent on EU funding than others, according to a report by technology firm Digital Science.
Seattle Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 纳米技术，毫微技术; 纤技术
分布：纳米技术(100%)
→nano-,纳，technology,技术。
US [-oʊ.tek'nɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■an area of science which deals with developing and producing extremely small tools and machines by controlling the arrangement of separate atoms 纳（奈）米技术（指透过控制原子的组合排列开发制造微型器具的学科）

Word: antagonist
Front: antagonist
[ænˈtægənɪst] (托 15957/16850 -1)
Vocabulary: antagonist
(once / 799 pages)
n
An antagonist is someone who opposes someone else. In the book "How the Grinch Stole Christmas," the antagonist is the Grinch, because he tries to make life miserable for every Who down in Whoville.
The noun antagonist shows up a lot when people are talking about books, plays, or movies to mean "the bad guy," but it can also be used to talk about a real person if she acts against someone else. An antagonist is always in opposition, but she isn't always bad or mean; your opponent on the tennis court, for example, could be called your antagonist, simply because it is her priority to beat you in your tennis game.
WORD FAMILY
antagonist: antagonists+/antagonise: antagonised, antagonises, antagonising/ antagonism: antagonise, antagonisms, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize / antagonistic: antagonistically/ antagonize: antagonized, antagonizes, antagonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
When antagonists appear, they arrive in a caravan of police cars.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
One law enacted Wednesday allows pharmacists to dispense, without a prescription, opioid antagonists.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
That especially includes those who were the principal antagonists, the people who ran the campaigns during the general election.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: n. 敌手，反对者; <解>对抗肌，拮抗肌; <药>对抗药; （戏剧，小说等的）反面人物
分布：对手(72%)，敌手(28%)
→前缀anti-, 相对。词根ag, 做。
对手(ant[=anti反]+agon+ist→反过来斗争之人→对手)[agon=struggle,表示"挣扎,斗争"]
敌手,对手(ant相反+agon斗争+ist)[-ist表名词"表示信仰,专家或从事某活动的人"以-ist结尾的单词,不少同时可作形容词用]
[æn'tæg.ə.nɪst] formal
noun countable
■a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone 对抗者，对立者；对手；敌人
• The antagonists in this dispute are quite unwilling to compromise. 这场争端中的各方均不愿妥协。
Compare protagonist
n. 敌手； [生化] [药] [解剖] 对抗肌；拮抗物；反协同试剂
 - opponent, adversary

Word: fetish
Front: fetish
[ˈfetɪʃ] (托宝 15974/20817 -1)
Vocabulary: fetish
(once / 3045 pages)
1n 2n
A fetish is an extremely strong devotion to something. There are sexual fetishes and nonsexual fetishes: both are obsessive interests.
The most common use of the word fetish is probably the sexual meaning. Someone with a foot fetish is abnormally interested in feet and gets sexual pleasure from seeing, being around, and even thinking about feet. There are probably thousands of sexual fetishes, most of which are too inappropriate to write about here. A non-sexual fetish is just an excessive interest in something, like a football fan who lives and breathes everything NFL.
WORD FAMILY
fetish: fetichism, fetishes, fetishism, fetishize+/fetichism: fetichisms/fetishism: fetishisms, fetishist/fetishist: fetishists/fetishize: fetishized, fetishizes, fetishizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But when is a belief in majoritarian democracy a “fetish” or “simpleminded,” and when is it just a belief in democracy?
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Fetish objects on par with luxury watches and limited-edition Nikes.
New York Times(Dec 10, 2016)
To that end, the authors warn against a “misplaced fetish with accuracy.”
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. <心>恋物; 偶像，迷信; 物神，崇拜物
分布：恋物(85%)，崇拜物(15%)
→来自葡萄牙语feitico, 有魔力的物品，护身符。来自词根fact, 做，制造，词源同do, fact.
【记】fet＝fect 做－神仙做出的物品－神物
US ['fetˌ-] noun countable
INTEREST 兴趣
■a sexual interest in an object or a part of the body other than the sexual organs （从某物或身体某部位获得性快感的）恋物
• a rubber/foot fetish 对橡胶制品的迷恋／恋足癖
• He has a fetish about/for high-heels. 他迷恋高跟鞋。
■an activity or object which you are so interested in that you spend an unreasonable amount of time thinking about it or doing it 狂热迷恋的活动；迷恋之物
• She makes a fetish of organization - it's quite obsessive. 她极度注重条理，到了过分的地步。
• He has a fetish for/about cleanliness. 他有洁癖。
UK ['fet.ɪʃ] US ['fetˌ-] noun countable
RELIGIOUS OBJECT 宗教物品 specialized
■an object which is worshipped in some societies because it is believed to have a spirit or special magical powers 奉若神明之物，神物（指被相信具有魔力或神力而受崇拜的物品）
n. 恋物（等于fetich）；迷信；偶像
 - icon, idol

Word: cut
Front: cut
[kʌt] (中高雅 414/541 -K5)
Vocabulary: cut
(once / 24 pages)
1vnadj 2vnadj 3v 4vnadj 5vn 6vn 7vadjn 8vn 9vn 10vn 11vn 12vadj 13v 14vadj
The verb cut means the act of slicing with a knife or another sharp edge, or the tear, hole, or wound it causes. It's surprising how much a paper cut can hurt.
When you cut something, you slice into it or remove a part of it, like when you cut your friend's hair or cut a pan of brownies into squares. You can also cut figuratively, like when you're cut by your piano teacher's sharp words or when a freak snowstorm forces you to cut your game short. An unexcused absence is also called a cut. And the phrase "make the cut" means you are chosen for a group or team, while others are not.
WORD FAMILY
cut: cuts, cuttable, cutter, cutting, uncut, undercut+/cutter: cutters/cutting: cuttingly, cuttings/undercut: undercuts, undercutting
USAGE EXAMPLES
The engraver didn’t tutor her directly but after some trial and error, she cut her preliminary lines and circles at his bench.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Or you decide to cut down on alcohol but you keep drinking.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 01, 2017)
He cut the use of personal state vehicles in half by creating the state motor pool to share cars among state agencies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. & vi. 将（某物）切开（或分割）
vt. 削减; 剪切; 切成; 删剪
vi. 电影; （为决定谁先出牌等）切牌; 可被切割; 可用于切割
n. 切口; 削减; 剪裁; 切片
时态：cut, cutting, cuts
分布：切(39%)，剪(19%)，削减(17%)，割(15%)，剪辑(3%)，切口(2%)，切牌(2%)，式样(2%)，伤害(1%)
→词源不详。
n./v.切,割,削;削减,删节n.切口,伤口Shut in the hut, I'm puzzled how to cut down the output of nuts.关在茅棚里,我为削减坚果的产量犯难.
verb (cutting, cut, cut)
USE KNIFE 用刀
 ESSENTIAL intransitive or transitive
■to break the surface of something, or to divide or make something smaller, using a sharp tool, especially a knife （尤指用刀）切，割，砍，剪，削，剁
• cut a slice of bread 切一片面包
• I've cut myself/my hand on that glass/ with that knife. 我被那片玻璃／那把小刀割伤了（手）。
• Cut the meat up into small pieces. 把肉切成小片。
• This knife doesn't cut very well, it's not sharp enough. 这把刀不好切，不够锋利。
• Where did you have your hair cut ? 你在哪里理的发？
• [+ obj + adj] Firefighters had to cut the trapped driver loose/free (= cut the metal, etc. to allow the driver to get out of the car) using special equipment. 消防员们不得不动用特殊器械切开汽车，救出受困的司机。
• He fell off the swing and cut his head open (= got a deep cut in his head). 他从秋千上摔下来，头上割了道口子。
• He cut the cake in/into six (pieces) and gave each child a slice. 他把蛋糕切成六块，分给孩子每人一块。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
REDUCE 减少
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to make something shorter, lower, smaller, etc. 减少；缩短；降低；削减
• to cut prices/costs 降低价格／成本
• to cut overtime/wages 缩短加班时间／降低工资
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
REMOVE 去除
 IMPROVER transitive
■to remove something from something else 剪辑；删节；删除
• The sex scenes had been cut out of the English version of the film. 该电影英文版中的性爱镜头都给剪掉了。
cut and paste
■to move words or pictures from one place to another in a computer document （电脑档中文字或图片的）剪贴
cut sb out of your will
■to decide not to leave someone any of your money or possessions when you die, because you are angry with them 剥夺（某人）的继承权
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
MISS 错过
transitive mainly US informal
■to not go, especially to a place where you should be 缺席，未去
• Your son has been cutting classes. 你儿子一直在逃学。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
STOP SUDDENLY 突然停止
intransitive or transitive
■to stop or interrupt something 停止；中断；切断；打断
• to cut an engine/a motor 关上引擎／马达
• "Cut! (= Stop filming!) " shouted the director. “停！”导演喊道。
cut sb short
■to stop someone from talking before they have finished what they were saying 打断（某人）的话
• He started to explain, but she cut him short, saying she had to catch a bus. 他开始解释，可是她打断他的话，说自己还要赶公车。
Cut it/that out! informal
■used to tell someone to stop talking or stop behaving in an annoying way 别说了！停下！别闹了！
• Just cut it out! I've had enough of your silly jokes. 住嘴！你那些无聊的笑话我听够了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
GROW TEETH 长牙
cut a tooth
■(of a baby) to grow a new tooth （婴儿）出牙
• The baby's cutting a tooth. That's why she's crying all the time. 这个婴儿正在长牙，难怪她哭个没完。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
CROSS 穿过
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to go through or across a place, especially in order to get somewhere quickly 走近路，抄近道
• to cut through an alleyway/passage 抄近道穿过小巷／走廊
cut a corner UK
■to fail to keep to your own side of the road when going round a corner 转弯时进入逆行道
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
CARDS 纸牌
intransitive or transitive
■to choose a playing card by dividing a pile of cards into two parts （为选牌而）切（牌）
• Who's going to cut the cards? 谁来切牌？
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
RECORD 录音
transitive
■to record music or speech on a record 灌制（唱片）；录制（讲话）
• When did Elvis cut his first record? 猫王艾维斯的首张唱片是何时录制的？
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
be cut up UK
■to be upset 伤心，难过
• Philip was very cut up about his grandmother's death. 祖母的去世令菲腊悲痛万分。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
can't cut it (also can't cut the mustard) US
■to not be able to deal with problems or difficulties satisfactorily 做不了；不符合条件；不如人意
• If he can't cut it, then we'll get someone else to do the job. 要是他做不了这工作，那我们就另请高明。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut sb dead
■to pretend you do not know someone in order to show you are angry 不理睬（某人），假装不认识（某人）
• I said "Good Morning" but he just cut me dead. 我说“早上好”，可是他根本不理睬我。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut sb down to size
■to show someone that they are not as clever or important as they think they are 使（某人）有自知之明；挫（某人）的傲气
• Someone should cut that man down to size! 应该有人挫挫他的锐气！
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut your losses
■to avoid losing any more money than you have already lost 及时放弃无利可图之事；知难而退；及早撒手
• Let's cut our losses and sell the business before prices drop even further. 我们趁早收手，在价格继续下跌之前把店卖掉。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut your political/professional, etc. teeth
■to get your first experience of the type mentioned 初次获得政治／职业等经验；初次涉足政治／初入职场等
• The Prime Minister cut her political teeth on student debates. 首相在学生时代参加辩论时初涉政治。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut sb some slack informal
■to not judge someone as severely as you usually would because they are having problems at the present time 给（某人）方便；对（某人）网开一面
• "Andrew's late again." "Cut him some slack - his wife's just had a baby." “安德鲁又迟到了。”“对他就网开一面吧——他妻子刚生小孩”
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut to the chase informal
■to talk about or deal with the important parts of a subject and not waste time with things that are not important 开门见山；直接切入主题
• I didn't have long to talk so I cut to the chase and asked whether he was still married. 我的时间不多，所以就开门见山地问他是否还是已婚。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut (sb) to the quick
■to hurt someone's feelings a lot 严重伤害（某人的感情）
• Her thoughtless remark cut him to the quick. 她冒失的话深深伤了他的心。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut a fine figure (also cut quite a figure/dash) old-fashioned
■to cause people to admire you because of your appearance 穿得惹人注目，显得很出众
• The young soldier cut a fine figure in his smart new uniform. 年轻的士兵身着漂亮的新制服很是抢眼。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut a swathe through sth
■to destroy a large part of something or kill many of a group of people 把…夷为平地；严重摧毁；大批杀戮
• The storm cut a swathe through the village. 那场暴风雨使村子遭到严重破坏。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut both/two ways
■If you say something cuts both/two ways, you think it has both a good and a bad side. 是把双刃剑；有好也有坏，利弊互见
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut corners
■to do something in the easiest, cheapest or fastest way （做事）图省事，贪便宜，取捷径
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut it/things fine
■to allow very little time for something 时间紧迫
• She arrived ten minutes before her flight, so she was cutting it a bit fine. 直到起飞前十分钟她赶到，时间太紧迫了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut loose US
■to behave in an uncontrolled, wild way 无拘无束；随心所欲；无法无天
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut no ice with sb
■to not cause someone to change their opinion or decision 没能使（某人）改变主意；对（某人）不起作用
• I've heard her excuses and they cut no ice with me. 我听过她的借口，它们对我不管用。
§/kʌt/ cut 1 verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut off your nose to spite your face
■to do something because you are angry, even if it will cause trouble for you 因一时恼怒害了自己；跟自己过不去
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
Cut the crap! offensive
■a rude way of telling someone to stop saying things that are not true or not important 别瞎扯了！废话少说！
• Just cut the crap and tell me where I'm going wrong. 废话少说，告诉我我哪里错了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut the ground from under sb's feet
■to make someone or their ideas seem less good, especially by doing something before them or better than them （尤指先发制人）挫败（某人）的计划，拆（某人）的台
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
cut up rough UK
■to become very angry, and often violent 大发脾气，发怒
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
not be cut out for sth
■to not be the right type of person for something 天生就不适合…
• I'm not cut out for an office job. 我根本就不是坐办公室的料。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
you could cut the atmosphere with a knife
■used to describe a situation in which everyone is feeling very angry or nervous and you feel that something unpleasant could soon happen （局面）剑拔弩张，一触即发
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
You should cut your coat according to your cloth. UK saying
■said to emphasize that someone should do the best they can with the limited money they have 应该量入为出。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut across sth
CROSS
■to go straight from one side of an area to another instead of going round 抄近路穿过
• If we cut across the field, it'll save time. 如果从这片田里穿过去就能节省时间。
AFFECT
■If a problem or subject cuts across different groups of people, all of those groups are affected by or interested in it （问题或话题）广泛影响到（不同群体），引起…的广泛兴趣
• Support for environmental issues cuts across traditional party lines. 对环境问题的支援超越了传统的党派界限。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut back/down
■to do less of something or use something in smaller amounts 减少，削减，缩减
• The government has announced plans to to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. 政府宣布了明年国防开支缩减10%的计划。
• I'm trying to cut down on caffeine. 我在努力减少咖啡因的摄入量。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut sth down
■to make a tree or other plant fall to the ground by cutting it near the bottom 砍倒，伐倒
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut in
TALK
■to interrupt what someone is saying by saying something yourself 插嘴；打断别人的话
• I was just talking to Jan, when Dave cut in (on us/our conversation). 我正在跟简说话，戴夫插了进来。
DRIVE
■to make a sudden sideways movement to position your car in front of another car, not leaving a safe distance between the two vehicles 超车抢道
• Did you see that white car cut in (on us/ in front of us)? 你看到那辆白色汽车抢超我们的车了吗？
⇒ See also cut up
DANCE
■to interrupt two people who are dancing in order to dance with one of them 插入抢舞伴
• She was dancing with Jack, when Tom suddenly cut in. 她正和杰克跳舞，这时汤姆挤进来抢舞。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut sb in
■to allow someone to take part in something, for example a game or business 让（某人）加入（游戏或生意）
■1. Shall we cut you in (on the deal/game)?
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut into sth
■If an activity cuts into a period of time, it fills part of it, often a large part of it 对环境问题的支援超越了传统的党派界限。
■1. I don't like doing the shopping on a Saturday afternoon because it cuts into my weekend.
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cut sth off
REMOVE
 IMPROVER
■to remove a part of something to make it smaller or shorter, using a sharp tool such as a knife （用锋利的刀具等）去除，切除，剪去
• Remember to cut off the fat before you fry the steak. 煎牛排时记得把肥肉去掉。
STOP
■to stop providing something such as electricity, supplies, etc. 中断，切断（电力、物资供应等）
• If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off. 要是五日内不付清帐单，将停止对你的煤气供应。
• The aim was to cut off the enemy's escape route/supplies. 目的是阻断敌人的逃跑路线／物资供应。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut sb off
PHONE
[usually passive]
■to stop people from continuing a telephone conversation by breaking the telephone connection 挂断（某人）的电话；使（某人）电话掉线
• We were cut off before she could give me directions. 她还没给我指示我们的电话就断掉了。
DRINKS [M] US
■If someone serving drinks in a bar cuts you off, they stop serving you alcoholic drinks because they think you have drunk too many 不卖给（某人）酒
• I'm glad the bartender cut Tommy off - he's already had too much to drink. 我很高兴酒保不再卖酒给汤米——他已经喝多了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cut sb/sth off
■to cause a person or place to become separate, or cause someone to be or feel alone 阻断，隔断，隔绝
• When his wife died, he cut himself off from other people. 妻子死后，他闭门谢客。
• Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow. 许多村庄由于这场大雪与外界隔绝了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cut sth out
REMOVE
■to remove something or form a shape by cutting, usually from paper or cloth （通常指从纸或布上）剪掉，剪裁出
• She cut out his picture from the magazine. 她从杂志上剪下他的相片。
STOP EATING
■to stop eating or drinking something, usually to improve your health （通常指为改善健康而）停止食用（或饮用），戒除
• Since my heart attack, I've cut fatty foods out altogether. 自从得了心脏病，我就彻底不吃油腻的东西了。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut sb out
■to not allow someone to share something or be included in something 不让（某人）参加；把（某人）排除在外；不把（某人）包括在内
• They cut me out of the conversation. 他们谈话把我排除在外。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut out
STOP WORKING
■If an engine, machine or piece of equipment cuts out, it suddenly stops working （引擎、机器或设备）突然熄火，停止运转
• One of the plane's engines cut out, so they had to land with only one. 飞机的一个引擎突然出了故障，所以他们只好靠一个引擎着陆。
DRIVE US
■to make a sudden sideways movement out of a line of traffic 驶出车流
• Don't cut out when everyone is going fast. 大家在高速行驶时不要驶出车流。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut through sth
■If you cut through something difficult that usually causes problems, you quickly understand it or deal with it so that it does not cause problems for you 很快理解；迅速领悟；迅速应对
• She always manages to cut through the complex theory and get at the facts. 她总是能挖掘出深奥理论中隐含的东西，发现事实真相。
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cut sth up IMPROVER
■to cut something into pieces 切碎；剪碎；割碎；剁碎
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] cut sb up UK (US cut sb off)
■to suddenly move your car sideways in front of another car which was in front of you, leaving too little space 超车抢到（某人）前面 cut 2 1. I got/was cut up several times on the motorway this morning - I've never seen such dangerous driving!
今天早上我在高速公路上好几次被人超车——我从没见过这么玩命驾车的！
[kʌt] verb (cutting, cut, cut)
  Phrasal Verbs  cut up US
■to behave in a very active and silly way in order to make people laugh 搞恶作剧；胡闹；故意出洋相
• I hate it when Jane cuts up in class. 我讨厌简在课堂上故意出洋相。
[kʌt] noun
USING KNIFE 用刀
countable
■an injury made when the skin is cut with something sharp 伤口；切口；割痕
• a deep cut 一道深深的伤痕
countable
■a piece of meat cut from a particular part of an animal 切下的一块肉
• Sirloin is the most expensive cut of beef. 牛腰肉是牛肉中最贵的。
only singular
■the shape into which something is cut 剪裁；样式；款式
• I don't like the cut of these jeans. 我不喜欢这条牛仔裤的款式。
[kʌt] noun
REDUCTION 降低
countable
■a reduction in the number, amount or rate of something 削减；减少；缩减；降低
• a cut in expenditure/interest rates/hospital waiting lists 开支的削减／利率的降低／医院候诊名单的缩短
cuts [plural]
■reductions in public spending 公共开支削减
• Students and workers were out on the streets protesting against the cuts. 学生和工人们上街游行抗议削减公共开支。
[kʌt] noun
PART REMOVED 删剪部分
countable
■when a part is removed from a book, film, etc., or a part that is removed 删剪；删节（部分）
• The film contains some very violent scenes, so some cuts were made when it was shown on television. 这出电影里有些暴力场面，因此在电视上播映时做了些删剪。
[kʌt] noun
SHARE 分享
only singular informal
■a share of something, usually money 份额（通常指钱）
• When am I going to get my cut? 我甚么时候能拿到我那份钱？
[kʌt] noun
a cut above
■someone who is of a higher social class 比…地位高的人
• She thinks she's a cut above her neighbours. 她觉得自己比邻居们高出一等。
[kʌt] noun
cut and thrust
■interesting and exciting arguments 唇枪舌剑，激烈争论
• She enjoys the cut and thrust of party politics. 她喜欢党派政治中的唇枪舌剑。
bruise, scar, cut, wound
这组词都有“伤口，损伤”的意思，其区别是：
bruise: 指表皮下面的组织受损，但没有破裂。但由于血流进组织，因而出现紫块。普通用词。
scar: 主要指伤口愈合而留下的伤疤。
cut: 指因尖利的器械的刺或割而造成的或深或浅的伤口。
wound: 通常指尖锐锋利的工具所致的伤口，多深及到表皮组织以下。可用作引申指打击或伤害。
hack, cut, chop
这组词都有“切、砍”的意思，其区别是：
hack: 指粗暴地乱剪、乱砍、乱劈。
cut: 普通用词，使用广泛。指用带刃工具的切、割、砍等的行动。
chop: 指用刀斧连续猛力砍某物，以便砍断、切碎。
shorten, abbreviate, abridge, cut
这些动词均含有“缩短”之意。
shorten: 通常指缩短时间、尺寸或过程。
abbreviate: 指省去应有的或后续的部分，从而使整体缩短。也可指缩短时间。
abridge: 多指对书籍的删节或缩短，删去不重要部分而保存其精华。
cut: 普通用词，指任何缩短而缩减的过程。
scratch, bruise, bump/lump, cut, burn
scratch: 抓伤；
bruise: 擦伤
bump/lump: 碰伤肿块；
cut: 割伤；
burn: 灼伤；
vt. 削减； [机] 切割；缩短；刺痛
 - shorten, bite
vi. [机] 切割；相交；切牌；停拍；不出席
 - intersect
n. 削减；伤口；切口；（服装等的）式样；削球
 - wound, incision
adj. 缩减的；割下的；雕过的
 - reduced, scrimpy

Word: mismatch
Front: mismatch
[ˈmɪsmætʃ] (15966/16320)
Vocabulary: mismatch
(once / 12862 pages)
nv
When two things (or people) don't work well together or correspond with each other, it's a mismatch. If there's a mismatch between the amount of free time you have and the hours of exercise your puppy needs, you might want to hire a dog walker.
There might be a mismatch between workers' skills and the actual jobs that are available, or a mismatch between your aunt and uncle, who seem totally unsuited for each other. Mismatch is also a verb that means "match up badly," like when you mismatch your red shirt with your purple pants. Sometimes sports matches or games are called mismatches too, when one team is clearly superior to the other.
WORD FAMILY
mismatch: mismatched, mismatches, mismatching+/ match: matched, matcher, matches, matching, matchless, mismatch, rematch, unmatchable/matched: unmatched/matcher: matchers/matchless: matchlessly/rematch: rematches/unmatchable: unmatchably
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the biggest payoff lies in fixing the mismatch between the needs of employers and the skills of job seekers.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
A dominant fighter like Rousey returning against a somewhat unproven champion sounds like a mismatch.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
South Carolina: The Gamecocks were in need of a win, no matter how big of a mismatch it was.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 使配错，使配合不当
n. 错配，失谐
时态：mismatched, mismatching, mismatches
分布：配合不当(35%)，配错(35%)，不相匹配(30%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，match,匹配。
verb transitive
■to put together people or things that are unsuitable for each other 使错配；使不适当地在一起
• I always thought Chris and Monique were mismatched, so I wasn't surprised when they got divorced. 我一直认为克里斯和莫妮克不般配，所以他们离婚我并不吃惊。
[ˌmɪs'mætʃ] noun countable /ˈmɪsˌmætʃ/
■when people or things are put together that are not suitable for each other 错配
• There is a mismatch between the capacity of the airport and the large number of people wanting to fly from it. 机场的输送量与其巨大的客流量很不相称。
n. 错配；不协调
 - mispairing, incongruity

Word: sick
Front: sick
[sɪk] (中高托雅 1746/2044 -K3)
Vocabulary: sick
(once / 66 pages)
adjnv
Sick describes someone who's not well, suffering from some kind of illness. You shouldn't go to school when you're sick.
If you're sick in bed, you're ill. While sick usually refers to people with physical or mental illnesses, it can also be used to describe an object or system that isn't working right, like a sick economy. Sick can also mean that you're tired of something, like a song you have heard too many times — you're sick of it. Sick is also slang used to describe something that is visually impressive, like a sick hockey goal.
WORD FAMILY
sick: sicked, sicken, sicker, sickest, sicking, sickish, sickness, sicks+/ sicken: sickened, sickening, sickens/sickening: sickeningly, sickeningness/sickish: sickishly/sickness: sicknesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“When you got sick and indigent, you wound up in places like that.”
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
She was caring for her grandson, who was sick with a fever.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
In 1970s Britain, that sometimes meant literally carrying sick or dying lawmakers into the Parliament building.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶心的; 晕船; 不舒服的; 腻烦的
vt. 吐出; 追逐; 攻击
n. <口>呕吐物; 病人
级别：sicker, sickest
分布：病人(67%)，有病的(10%)，恶心的(7%)，腻烦的(5%)，呕吐物(3%)，追逐(2%)，攻击(2%)，令人毛骨悚然的(2%)，晕的(1%)，唆使(1%)
→来自古英语 seoc,生病的，来自 Proto-Germanic*seukaz,生病的，来自 seug,悲伤的，有麻 烦的。引申诸相关词义。
a.有病的,患病的;恶心的,想吐的The thin sick chicken picks the thick sticky stick quickly.瘦病鸡快速地啄粘乎乎的粗棍.
adjective
ILL 有病的
 ESSENTIAL
■physically or mentally ill; not well or healthy 生病的，患病的，不舒服的
• a sick child 生病的孩子
• a sick cow 病牛
• My father has been off sick (= not working because of illness) for a long time. 因为生病，我父亲已经很久没有去上班了。
• Anyone who could hurt a child like that must be sick (= mentally ill). 那样伤害孩子的人，脑子一定有毛病。
• The old woman fell/took/was taken sick (= became ill) while she was away and had to come home. 那个老妇人出门在外时生病了，不得不回家。
• Sarah called in/reported sick (= told her employer that she was unable to go to work because of illness). 莎拉打电话来请了病假。
• figurative High rates of crime are considered by some people to be a sign of a sick society. 高犯罪率被一些人视为病态社会的征兆。
⇒ See also heartsick;homesick;lovesick
  Common Learner Errors  sick, ill and be sick In British English ill is the word that is usually used to mean 'not well'. In American English the word for this is sick. He went home early because he felt ill. (British English) He went home early because he felt sick. (American English). In British English to be sick is to bring food up from the stomach. Another way of saying this is the word vomit , which is used both in British and American English. The little boy in the back seat of the car was sick into a paper bag. (British English)
[sɪk] adjective
VOMIT 呕吐
 ADVANCED [after verb]
■feeling ill as if you are going to vomit 恶心的，想吐的
• Lucy felt sick the morning after the party. 露西在派对后的第二天早上觉得恶心。
• If you eat any more of that cake, you'll make yourself sick. 如果再吃一块那蛋糕，你会觉得恶心想吐。
⇒ See also airsick;carsick;seasick
be sick
 ADVANCED
■to vomit 呕吐
• She was sick after she ate too much chocolate. 她吃太多巧克力之后吐了。
[sɪk] adjective
UNPLEASANT 令人不快的
[after verb] informal
■causing or expressing unpleasant emotions 懊丧的，不快的；恼怒的
• I'm sick about / UKat / USover (= unhappy about) not getting that job. 我对未能得到那份工作感到非常不快。
• It makes me sick (= makes me very angry) to see people wearing fur coats. 看到人们穿毛皮大衣，我感到非常愤怒。
• UK informal It's sick -making (= very annoying) that she's being paid so much for doing so little. 她做得那么少却得到那么多的报酬，真让人感到气愤。
• I'm sick (and tired/to death) of (= very annoyed about) the way you're behaving. 你的表现令我感到很气愤。
• She was worried sick (= very worried) when her daughter didn't come home on time. 女儿没有准时回家，她十分担心。
• Joan was not amused by the sick (= cruel or offensive) joke her brother told. 琼觉得她兄弟讲的不堪入耳的笑话没有甚么好笑的。
• I felt sick (= felt shocked and disgusted) when I heard about the prisoners being beaten. 听说犯人被殴打，我感到震惊。
[sɪk] adjective
sick as a dog
■vomiting a lot 呕吐得厉害
• I was sick as a dog after last night's meal. 昨天晚上吃完饭后，我吐得一塌糊涂。
[sɪk] adjective
sick as a parrot UK humorous slang
■very disappointed 非常失望，非常扫兴
• He was sick as a parrot when his team lost the match. 他的球队输掉比赛后，他非常失望。
[sɪk] adjective
sick at heart literary
■very unhappy 很难过，很不开心
• David was sick at heart about having to leave his family behind. 戴维感到很难过，因为他不得不离开自己的家人。
[sɪk] adjective
sick to your stomach
■likely to vomit 恶心的，反胃的
• I'm (feeling) sick to my stomach. 我觉得有些反胃。
■feeling very upset, worried or angry 非常难过；十分担心；非常愤怒
• It makes me (feel) sick to my stomach when I remember my car accident. 每当想起自己遭遇的车祸，我都会很难过。
[sɪk] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] sick sth up UK informal
■to vomit something 呕吐，吐出
• The baby sicked up some milk on his aunt's shoulder. 婴儿吐了一些奶在他姨妈的肩膀上。
[sɪk] noun
ILL 有病的
the sick [plural]
 ESSENTIAL
■people who are ill 病人
• It's better for the sick to be cared for at home rather than in hospital. 病人在家里照顾要比在医院里更好一些。
[sɪk] noun
VOMIT 呕吐
uncountable UK informal
■vomit 呕吐物
• a pool of sick on the floor 地板上的一滩呕吐物
ill, sick
ill: 做表语,
sick: 定,表均可 a sick boy
n. 病人
 - patient, invalid
adj. 厌恶的；病态的；不舒服；渴望的；恶心的
 - eager, hungry, anxious, desired, keen
vt. 使狗去咬；呕吐；追击
 - shoot the cat, throw up

Word: Ramadan
Front: Ramadan
[.ræmə'dɑːn] (14075/28307 -1)
Vocabulary: Ramadan
(once / 10146 pages)
n
Ramadan is an important month in the Muslim calendar. During Ramadan, religious Muslims fast until sunset and often spend a good part of the day praying and reciting the Quran.
The holiest month of the Islamic year is Ramadan. Fasting is an important part of Islam, and its benefits are thought to increase dramatically during Ramadan. Observant Muslims will refrain not only from eating during the day, but also smoking, swearing, and even drinking liquids. The word Ramadan comes from an Arabic word, ramaḍa, which means "be hot." Originally, Ramadan occurred at the hottest time of the year, but a calendar change resulted in Ramadan's rotation through the seasons.
WORD FAMILY
Ramadan: Ramadans
USAGE EXAMPLES
After Ramadan ended in July, many royals traveled to the Mediterranean.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
And then in early June, right before Ramadan, Bakr and the thirty-two defendants who appeared with him were unexpectedly acquitted.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
A few weeks before Ramadan, the Ballanis raised the prospect of missing school during the month of long fasts.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Back: n. 斋月（伊斯兰教历的九月，等于Ramazan）
分布：斋月的斋戒(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语 Ramadan,热月，斋月，来自 ramida,燃烧的，炙烤的。
US [ˌræm.ə'dɑ:n] noun uncountable
■the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which time Muslims have no food or drink during the day 斋月（伊斯兰历的第九个月，教徒白天禁饮食）

Word: purge
Front: purge
[pɜ:dʒ] (托雅宝 11512/11561 -1)
Vocabulary: purge
(once / 901 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v
To purge is to get rid of something or someone, and often it’s done suddenly. Purge rhymes with urge, and when you have a really strong urge to throw stuff away or clean something out, you have an urge to purge.
From the Latin purgare, meaning "purify," purge is used as a verb for removing impure things, whether they're guilty feelings in a person or rotten vegetables in a refrigerator. As a noun, the act of tossing out the too-small clothes in your closet before getting new ones might be called a purge. It can be a very bad act, too, as when individuals have an unhealthy urge to purge or empty their stomachs after eating or when a military group decides to purge a certain ethnic group from a country.
WORD FAMILY
purge: purgation, purgative, purged, purges, purging+/purgation: purgations/purgative: purgatives/purging: purgingly, purgings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A one-time Cabinet candidate, Christie ran Trump’s transition before he and his allies were purged from the operation in the week after Election Day.
Time(Dec 01, 2016)
Clingman told Chief Public Defender Ben Baur that he could purge the contempt findings by following his statutory duty to represent defendants.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
A management shake-up purged those responsible for a series of past mistakes, and a big bump in spending has not hurt, either.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 清除，（使）净化; （使）通便; 肃清
n. 净化; <医>泻药; 整肃
时态：purged, purging, purges
分布：清除(41%)，净化(26%)，清洗(23%)，泻药(6%)，整肃(4%)
→来自拉丁语purgare,纯化，清洗，使干净，来自purigare,使纯化，来自purus,纯的，词源同pure,-ig,驱动，使，做，词源同agent,litigate.
使清净[Pur,purg=pure,表示"纯洁"]
US [pɝ:dʒ] verb transitive
REMOVE PEOPLE 清除某人
■to get rid of people from an organization because you do not agree with them 清除，肃清（反对者）
• Party leaders have undertaken to purge the party of extremists. 政党领袖已采取行动清除党内的极端分子。
• Hard-liners are expected to be purged from the administration. 主张强硬路线的人预测将从政府中清除出去。
UK [pɜ:dʒ] US [pɝ:dʒ] verb transitive
REMOVE EVIL 清除罪恶
■to make someone or something free of something evil or harmful 使涤罪；使洁净
• [R] Roman Catholics go to confession to purge their souls/themselves (from/of sin). 罗马天主教徒参加忏悔以净化灵魂／涤罪。
• The new state governor has promised to purge the police force of corruption. 新州长已保证要清除警界的腐败现象。
UK [pɜ:dʒ] US [pɝ:dʒ] noun countable
■the act of getting rid of people from an organization because you do not agree with them 清除（从一个组织中清除持不同意见者的行动）
• Between 1934 and 1938, Stalin mounted a massive purge of the Communist Party, the government and the armed forces in the Soviet Union. 1934至1938年间，史达林对苏联的共产党、政府和军队实施大动作清党。
vi. 净化；通便
 - fine purification, purify
vt. 净化； [机] 清洗；通便
 - cleanse, purify
n. 净化；泻药
 - purification, distillation

Word: two-year-old
Front: two-year-old
None None
Back: [网络] 两岁的；名词；数词
分布：2岁的(100%)

Word: dispersion
Front: dispersion
[dɪˈspɜ:ʃn] (16078/16714)
Vocabulary: dispersion
(once / 3964 pages)
n
The noun dispersion means the process of distributing something over an area. A combination of your yearly planting of new bulbs and their natural tendency to spread has led to the dispersion of daffodils over your entire back yard.
Dispersion refers to the act of spreading something, like your dispersion of sprinkles evenly over three dozen cupcakes. It can also be used to talk about the scattering of something across a very large range, such as the dispersion of people with Scottish heritage across the United States. The Latin root word is dispersione, which means a scattering.
WORD FAMILY
dispersion: dispersions+/ dispersal: dispersals/ disperse: dispersal, dispersed, disperses, dispersing, dispersion, dispersive/ dispersed: dispersedly/dispersive: dispersively
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thus was a form of politics designed in Europe and organized against Jews in their dispersion reorganized against Jews gathered in their homeland.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The higher the dispersion percentage, the more likely stock returns are to differ.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 20, 2016)
In longer irons, the shot dispersion -- a.k.a the lateral accuracy -- was tighter.
Golf Digest(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 散布; 驱散; 离差; 差量
分布：分散(47%)，色散(41%)，弥散(6%)，散布(6%)
分散;驱散(disperse+ion)[spers=scatter,表示"散开"]
US [-'spɝ:-] noun uncountable formal
■ dispersal
■specialized
■the separation of light into different colours 色散
n. 散布； [统计] [数] 离差；驱散
 - interspersion, diffusedness

Word: consternation
Front: consternation
[ˌkɒnstəˈneɪʃn] (托宝 15994/13832 -1)
Vocabulary: consternation
(once / 824 pages)
n
Consternation is a noun that can stop you in your tracks because it means "a sudden, alarming amazement or dread that results in utter confusion; dismay."
If you have a sense of consternation you have become afraid, disoriented, or completely befuddled. It comes from the Latin roots con- and -sternare, which means "spread out." Picture all of your thoughts strewn about, nothing makes sense and you might experience a state of consternation. Like the nightmare about the class you forgot to go to in high school and now you have to take the final exam!
WORD FAMILY
consternation: consternations+/consternate: consternated, consternating, consternation
USAGE EXAMPLES
Margaret Thatcher’s resignation as British prime minister provoked tears in Washington and consternation in Moscow, according to a secret Downing Street file released on Friday.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But they caution that this is a high-risk strategy, which may create consternation among allies even as it enhances deterrence of adversaries.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
When many citizens distrust their government, the media and other institutions of American life, doubts about the freeness and fairness of the elections cause consternation.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 惊愕; 惊惶失措; 惊恐
分布：惊愕(66%)，恐怖(17%)，惊惶失措(17%)
→con-, 强调。-stern, 固定，固化，词源同stern, 严厉的。
【记】con共同，stern（adj 严厉的；苛刻的）－一万人严厉的指责你你就会处于惊恐状态stern作为词根是僵硬的意思：吓得僵硬－极度惊恐。Con，ster＝star，nation：全是星星的国家，当大家辛辛苦苦考上美国大学，并踏上美利坚领土地那一刻，发现身边都是星星，没有人－就会处于惊恐状态
US [ˌkɑ:nt.stɚ-] noun uncountable
■a feeling of worry, shock or confusion 惊愕；惊恐；惊惶失措
• The prospect of so much work filled him with consternation. 一想到要做这么多事，他心里惊恐不已。
• To his consternation, when he got to the airport he found he'd forgotten his passport. 让他惊惶失措的是，到机场后他发现自己忘了带护照。
n. 惊愕；惊惶失措；恐怖
 - wonder, terror

Word: ferocity
Front: ferocity
[fəˈrɒsəti] (15993/14118)
Vocabulary: ferocity
(once / 518 pages)
n
Ferocity is the state of being ferocious — wild, scary, and fierce. A five year-old girl pretending to be a lion will display her ferocity by roaring and baring her teeth.
Things known for their ferocity include wild animals, terrifying thunder storms, and fierce battlefield fights. A furious argument can have an element of ferocity, and so can a wild, loud piece of music. The Latin word ferus, which means "wild," is the root of not only ferocity, but ferocious and fierce. Ferocity came directly from the Latin ferocitatem, "fierceness, or wildness."
WORD FAMILY
ferocity: ferocious, ferocities+/ ferocious: ferociously, ferociousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He ripped off his tie early in the second half and whirled his arms with increasing ferocity as the game wore on.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Many online readers were shocked by the ferocity of the piece - and Miss Wintour's criticisms.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
He called it an optimistic ferocity and it’s something he challenges all his actors to achieve in his films.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 凶猛，残暴; 暴行
分布：残忍性(40%)，狂暴的行为(30%)，凶猛性(30%)
凶猛[fer=wild(野)]
【记】feroc＝fierce（adj 凶猛的；暴躁的）回忆atrocity在肉的城市（n 残暴；凶恶）
【参】ferocious（adj 凶恶的；凶猛的）＝savage＝cruel
N-UNCOUNT
凶猛;狂暴;激烈
The ferocity of something is its fierce or violent nature.
例：The armed forces seem to have been taken by surprise by the ferocity of the attack.进攻非常猛烈,武装部队似乎被打了个措手不及。
n. 凶猛；残忍；暴行
 - fierceness, cruelty

Word: belligerent
Front: belligerent
[bəˈlɪdʒərənt] (托 15987/19111 -1)
Vocabulary: belligerent
(once / 1298 pages)
adjn
If someone is belligerent, they're eager to fight. It's a good idea to avoid hardcore hockey fans after their team loses — they tend to be belligerent.
Belligerent comes from the Latin word bellum, for "war." You can use it to talk about actual wars — the nations taking part in a war are called belligerents — but usually belligerent describes a psychological disposition. If you're running a school for aggressive boys, do plenty of arts and crafts to prevent them from becoming too belligerent. The stress is on the second syllable: bə-LIJ-ə-rənt.
WORD FAMILY
belligerent: belligerence, belligerency, belligerently, belligerents, nonbelligerent+/ belligerence: belligerences/belligerency: belligerencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Raise your hands if you'll be surprised if Trump starts getting belligerent when his ratings starts falling.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She continues to be belligerent, angry and unable to accept fault to this day.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Hernlem, who flies for United, recalled a recent flight on which a male passenger became belligerent, moving closer and closer.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 交战的; 卷入冲突的; 好战的; 交战国的
n. 交战国，交战者; 参加斗殴的人或集团
分布：好战的(49%)，交战国(35%)，交战的(12%)，交战者(4%)
→词根bell, 好战，同Bellona, 司战女神。ger, 含有，带来，同ingest, 消化。
交战的,准备打架的(belli+ger带来→ent→带来战争→交战的)[bell,bel=war,fight,表示"战争,打斗"]
好斗的(bell战争)[ger=bear(带有)]
【反】conciliatory（adj 抚慰的；调和的）；peaceful（adj 和平的）
US [-ɚ-] adjective disapproving
■wishing to fight or argue 好战的，挑起战争的；挑拨的
• a belligerent person 好斗的人
• a belligerent gesture 挑拨的姿态
• Watch out! Lee's in a belligerent mood. 小心点！李今天看谁都不顺眼。
■specialized
■fighting a war 交战的
• The belligerent countries are having difficulties funding the war. 交战国缺乏战争资金。
adj. 交战的；好战的；交战国的
 - fighting, warring

Word: plod
Front: plod
[plɒd] (宝 15975/14662 -1)
Vocabulary: plod
(once / 1373 pages)
vn
When you plod, you walk slowly, heavily, and deliberately. You might need to plod through the snow to get to the bus stop on time.
Plod evokes a difficulty in walking — like when you trudge through mud or walk slowly up a steep hill. You might plod home at the end of a long day, or plod through an overgrown field on a hot afternoon. You can also use plod figuratively, to mean "work on something boring or monotonous." The origin of plod is unknown, but it may have come from the sound of feet on the ground — the sound you make when you plod.
WORD FAMILY
plod: plodded, plodder, plodding, plods+/plodder: plodders/plodding: ploddingly, ploddings
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Victoria” the novel is pleasant enough but a bit plodding; the dialogue often stilted; the central character sweet but unformed.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Frank admits that “you’ll find nothing close to a scandal in itself” and “Clinton’s campaign is, mostly, reassuringly plodding and rules-bound.”
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
A sloppy, plodding first half ended with the Cowboys leading, 7-0.
New York Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 沉重地走
vi. 沉重缓慢地行走; 孜孜不倦，勤苦地工作
n. 沉重缓慢的前进; 沉重的踏步声
时态：plodded, plodding, plods
分布：辛勤工作(34%)，沉重地走(33%)，沉重的步伐(25%)，孜孜从事(8%)
→可能来自拟声词，模仿沉重的在地上走的声音。
拖重步子走路[pold=bignoise,表示"大声音"]
【记】象声词：重步的声音读：p，loud（adj 高声的）－沉重的步伐走
【反】flit（n /v 掠过）；gambol（n /v 雀跃）
US [plɑ:d] (-dd-)
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
WALK 步行
■to walk taking slow steps, as if your feet are heavy 艰难地行走；吃力地行进
• We plodded through the mud. 我们在泥泞中艰难行进。
• Despite the wind and the rain, they plodded on until they reached the cottage. 他们顶风冒雨坚持走到了小屋。
UK [plɒd] US [plɑ:d] (-dd-)
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
WORK 工作
■to work slowly and continuously, but without imagination, enthusiasm or interest 坚持不懈地做，埋头苦干
• For years, he's plodded away at the same dull routine job. 多年来，他一直在做同一项单调的工作。
• Alex is just plodding along at school, making very little progress. 亚力克斯一直在校苦学，但几乎没有甚么进步。
vi. 辛勤工作；沉重地走
 - work hard, work like a horse
n. 辛勤工作；沉重的步伐
 - trudge

Word: purported
Front: purported
[pəˈpɔ:tɪd] (宝 15990/22051)
Back: adj. 传说的，谣传的
v. 声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：传说的(60%)，据说的(20%)，动词purport的过去式和过去分词.(20%)
VERB
声称；自称；标榜
If you say that someone or something purports to do or be a particular thing, you mean that they claim to do or be that thing, although you may not always believe that claim.
例：...a book that purports to tell the whole truth.声称要讲述全部事实的一本书
adj. 传说的
 - legendary, rumorous
v. 声称（purport的过去分词）；意图
 - professed

Word: scorn
Front: scorn
[skɔ:n] (研四六雅宝 11935/11677 -1)
Vocabulary: scorn
(once / 168 pages)
nv
Scorn is open disrespect for someone or something. It can also be disrespect coupled with feelings of intense dislike.
The noun scorn describes your feelings of disdain when you encounter something you view as worthless or inferior — like, for instance, a talk show that gets all its facts wrong. Use the verb form for those times when you’re actively expressing scorn. You might scorn a politician who spends $100,000 on travel while claiming to work hard promoting middle-class values.
WORD FAMILY
scorn: scorned, scorner, scornful, scorning, scorns+/scorner: scorners/ scornful: scornfully
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other Republicans saved at least some of their scorn for Mr. Obama.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They deserve our encouragement, and Spencer deserves nothing but scorn and repudiation.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
How will Allen conduct himself when he returns — and absorbs the unbridled scorn of every opposing crowd?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 鄙视; 轻蔑; 不屑一顾; 笑柄
vt. 轻视; 看不起; 蔑视; 不屑做
vi. 表示轻蔑; 表示鄙视; 嘲笑
时态：scorned, scorning, scorns
分布：轻蔑(35%)，鄙视(24%)，不屑(16%)，嘲弄(13%)，奚落(6%)，笑柄(6%)
→改写自古法语 escarn,嘲笑，鄙视，来自 Proto-Germanic*skarnjan,嘲笑，嘲讽，可能来自 sker, 砍，切，词源同 scar,shear.其词义演变可能是伤害，伤口上撒盐，嘲笑，嘲讽。
v./n.轻蔑,藐视The corps' corn in the corner is scorned by the stubborn corporation.军团种在角落里的玉米遭到顽固公司的蔑视.
【记】因为被scold（v 责骂），所以被scorn
【反】adulate（v 奉承）；venerate（v 崇敬）
US [skɔ:rn] noun uncountable
■a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value 轻视，鄙视
• She has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians. 她对新一代的政客只有鄙视。
• Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions? 你为甚么总是对我的建议嗤之以鼻？
UK [skɔ:n] US [skɔ:rn] verb transitive
■to show scorn for someone or something 轻视，鄙视
• So does he respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them? 他究竟是尊重报社和媒体，还是暗地里蔑视他们？
• You scorned all my suggestions. 你对我所有的建议都嗤之以鼻。
■to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud 轻蔑地拒绝；不屑接受
• She scorned all my offers of help. 她不屑接受我的一切帮助。
scorn, look down upon, despise
这组词都有“轻视，蔑视”的意思，其区别是：
scorn: 语气较强，指极端的蔑视，常伴有愤怒或恼怒的情感。
look down upon: 指自视地位优越而蔑视他人或事。
despise: 指由于卑鄙、软弱，渺小或无价值等而被轻视。
n. 轻蔑；嘲笑；藐视的对象
 - floccinaucinihilipilification, disparagement
vt. 轻蔑；藐视；不屑做
 - spurn at, sneeze at
vi. 表示轻蔑；表示鄙视
 - flout

Word: lifeguard
Front: lifeguard
[ˈlaɪfgɑ:d] (15934/25420)
Vocabulary: lifeguard
(once / 20700 pages)
n
A lifeguard is a person whose job involves watching over swimmers and rescuing them if they're in trouble. You have to do more than just twirl your whistle to be a lifeguard; you'd better be a very good swimmer as well.
At the beach and the pool, lifeguards wear swimsuits and carry whistles for catching the attention of rule-breakers, like kids who are dunking each other or jumping into the shallow end. Lifeguards sit perched on high chairs, ready to swim to the aid of someone who's drowning or injured. In the seventeenth century, a lifeguard was a "solider's bodyguard," and by the late 1800s the meaning changed to "watcher of bathers."
WORD FAMILY
lifeguard: lifeguards
USAGE EXAMPLES
She opted for secluded beaches despite her concerns about swimming in places with no flags or lifeguards.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
SUN Start the New Year with a dip in Lake Washington, lifeguard on duty, 11 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He worked as a lifeguard in high school.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 救生员
分布：救生员(100%)
→life,生命，guard,保卫。
US [-gɑ:rd/ (Australian lifesaver)
noun countable
■a person on a beach or at a swimming pool whose job is to make certain that the swimmers are safe and save them if they are in danger 救生员
n. 救生员；警卫
 - life saver, guardee
vt. 护卫，保护
 - secure, preserve

Word: downpour
Front: downpour
[ˈdaʊnpɔ:(r)] (雅宝 15981/18961 -1)
Vocabulary: downpour
(once / 4208 pages)
n
A downpour is a rainstorm, especially a very heavy one. If you get caught unexpectedly in a downpour, you'll wish you brought an umbrella.
A downpour is exactly what it sounds like: torrential, pouring rain. A downpour, even one that's brief, can cause flooding in streets and basements. In some parts of the world, there are whole seasons that regularly bring downpours, while other places experience droughts so severe that people wish for a downpour. The word has been in use since the mid-19th century.
WORD FAMILY
downpour: downpours
USAGE EXAMPLES
Louisiana will receive close to $1.2 billion after torrential downpours and historic flooding caused widespread damage in Baton Rouge and other areas.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The Trojans on Thursday concluded their second week of practice in a downpour.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
It was a muggy July morning; the sky threatened a downpour, but would not deliver.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: n. 倾盆大雨; （日光的）照射
分布：倾盆大雨(100%)
US [-pɔ:r] noun countable usually singular
■a lot of rain in a short time 暴雨，骤雨
n. 倾盆大雨；注下
 - driving rain, gullywasher

Word: enshrine
Front: enshrine
[ɪnˈʃraɪn] (宝 15992/10050 -1)
Vocabulary: enshrine
(once / 3248 pages)
v
If your mother enshrines your first drawing, she might frame it and hang it in a special place, as if it were a holy relic. To enshrine is to put something special, often religious, into a protective place.
A shrine is a place considered holy because something special happened there or a case that holds sacred items. Places where people have claimed to see Jesus sometimes become shines. When you enshrine something, it means you are creating a shrine around it, or you are giving it its own protected revered space. This can be literal or figurative. At a funeral, the minister might say that the deceased will forever be enshrined in the memories of those who loved him or her.
WORD FAMILY
enshrine: enshrined, enshrines, enshrining+/ shrine: enshrine, shrined, shrines, shrining
USAGE EXAMPLES
The parameters enshrine the “land swaps” beloved of peace processors.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Bridgewater’s new technology would enshrine his unorthodox management approach in a software system.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
There is a reason why the protection of medical personnel in times of war was enshrined in the Geneva Conventions.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 珍藏，铭记; 把…奉为神圣; 秘藏; 把…置于神龛内
时态：enshrined, enshrining, enshrines
分布：珍藏(60%)，奉为神圣(40%)
→en-, 进入，使。shrine, 神龛。
【记】shrine（n 神殿；神祠；圣地）en进入，shine（n /v 光泽；光亮）－使你在我的心目中发出灿烂的光辉－把…奉为神圣
[ɪn'ʃraɪn] formal
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to contain or keep as if in a holy place 把…奉为神圣；珍藏
• Almost two and a half million war dead are enshrined at Yasukuni. 靖国神社供奉着大约250万个阵亡者的亡灵。
• A lot of memories are enshrined in this photograph album. 这本相簿里珍藏着许多记忆。
be enshrined in sth
■If a political or social right is enshrined in something, it is protected by being included in it （政治或社会权利）被庄严载入
• The right of freedom of speech is enshrined in law /in the constitution. 言论自由的权利被庄严载入法律／宪法。
vt. 铭记，珍藏；把…置于神龛内；把…奉为神圣
 - brand, heart

Word: pseudonym
Front: pseudonym
[ˈsu:dənɪm] (雅宝 15984/19395)
Vocabulary: pseudonym
(once / 5080 pages)
n
A pseudonym is a name that someone, often a writer, uses instead of their real name. The real name of Dr. Seuss was Theodore Seuss Geisel. Mark Twain was a pseudonym for the writer Samuel Clemens.
A near synonym of pseudonym is pen name. Similarly, an allonym is the name of an important person in history that is taken by a writer as a pseudonym. Some of Shakespeare's plays might have been written by other writers using an allonym. If an actor uses a fake name, it is usually called a stage name. And there's no fancy work for nickname––it's just what your family and friends call you.
WORD FAMILY
pseudonym: pseudonymous, pseudonyms+/pseudonymous: pseudonymously
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was where Publius Decius Mus began his career, alongside a handful of other writers, most of whom adopted Latin pseudonyms.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Under the pseudonym Anna Ruston, she writes about meeting a taxi driver she calls Malik when she was 15.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
In 2004, I interviewed 82 students at “MU,” a pseudonym for a large public four-year university in the midwestern United States, about their friendships.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 假名，化名，（尤指）笔名
分布：笔名(60%)，假名(40%)
→pseudo-,假的，伪的，-onym,名字，词源同name,anonymous.
假名,笔名(pseudo+nym名字)[pseudo-表示"假,伪"]
假名(pseudo假+onym)[onym=nam,表示"名字"]
【记】pseudo假，nym＝name－假名
【参】pseudoscience（n 伪科学）
noun countable
■a name which a person, such as a writer, uses instead of their real name, especially on their work 笔名；假名
• She writes under a pseudonym. 她用笔名写作。
• George Orwell was a pseudonym - his real name was Eric Blair. 乔治‧欧威尔是笔名，他的真名是艾瑞克‧布雷尔。
n. 笔名； [法] 假名
 - assumed name, nom de plume

Word: caterer
Front: caterer
[ˈkeɪtərə(r)] (15955/12880)
Back: n. （尤指职业的）酒席承办人，提供饮食及服务的人; 筹办者
分布：备办食物者(67%)，备办宴席者(33%)
N-COUNT
餐饮公司;酒席承办商
Caterers are people or companies that provide food and drink for a place such as an office or for special occasions such as weddings and parties.
例：The caterers were already laying out the tables for lunch.负责餐饮的人已经在为午餐摆桌了。
例：...food brought in from outside caterers.露天餐饮公司提供的饭菜

Word: cross-section
Front: cross-section
['krɒs'sekʃən] (-1)
Back: n. 横断面; 横截面图
分布：横断面(78%)，截面图(11%)，多样性(11%)
US ['krɑ:s-/ UK [ˌ-'--] noun countable
■something that has been cut in half so that you can see the inside, or a model or picture of this 横截面（图），横断面（图），剖面（图）
• a cross-section of the human heart 人体心脏剖面图
■a small group which represents all of the different types within the total group 典型，代表
• The demonstrators seemed to be from a complete cross-section of society - male and female, old and young, rich and poor. 示威者似乎是来自社会的各个层面——有男有女，有老有少，有贫有富。
n. 横截面； [材] 横断面
 - transverse

Word: nave
Front: nave
[neɪv] (六 15915/9272)
Vocabulary: nave
(once / 1116 pages)
n
When a bride walks down the aisle in a church, she is walking down the nave, or central area of the church.
The word nave comes from the Latin navis, meaning "ship." If you think of the central space of a big Gothic church with its high vaulted ceiling, it does kind of form the shape of a ship, doesn't it? The nave is the area where the congregation sits. It's usually rectangular in shape and filled with rows of benches.
WORD FAMILY
nave: naves
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hopeful signs were positioned at strategic intervals along the passageways through the nave, urging us to “Keep Christ in Christmas.”
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Sienese Gothic art from the 14th century lines the nave with parallel themes — Old Testament on the left and New Testament on the right.
Seattle Times(Nov 29, 2016)
If natural selection is playing out, workers in the industrial enclave of Nave fear that they are threatened with extinction.
New York Times(Nov 19, 2016)
Back: n. 教堂正厅; 本堂; 中央部; 车轮的中心部
分布：中央广场(100%)
→来自拉丁语navis,船，词源同navigate,navy.因形如轮船而得名。
noun countable
■the long central part of a church, often with aisles (= long passages) on both sides （教堂的）中殿，正厅
n. （教堂的） [建] 中殿；（铁路车站等建筑的）中央广场；车轮的中心部
 - main square

Word: homey
Front: homey
['həʊmɪ] (15996/-)
Back: adj. 家庭似的，舒适的，自在的
分布：舒适的(47%)，像家一样的(33%)，自在的(20%)
→home,家，-y, 形容词后缀。
像家一样的(home家)[-y 1.加在名词后变成形容词2表名词,加在形容词或以r结尾的单词后3表名词"人或小东西"常带有戏谑性和爱称]
US ['hoʊ-] noun countable US slang
■ homeboy
UK ['həʊ.mi] US ['hoʊ-] adjective US for homely 家庭的；家常的
adj. 舒适的；家庭似的；自在的
 - comfortable, pleasant, easy, relaxed, cozy

Word: sundown
Front: sundown
[ˈsʌndaʊn] (15989/36620)
Back: n. 日落; 浅棕黄色; 女用宽缘帽
分布：日落时分(100%)
noun uncountable not after the
■the time in the evening when you last see the sun in the sky 日落，黄昏
• We left early, anxious to make it back to Florence before/by sundown. 我们早早离开，急于在日落之前赶回佛罗伦斯。
n. 日落； [服装] 阔缘的女帽
 - sunset

Word: e-commerce
Front: e-commerce
['i:kɒmɜ:s] None
Back: n. 电子商务
分布：电子商务(100%)
US [ˌi:'kɑ:.mɝ:s] noun uncountable
■the business of buying and selling goods and services on the Internet 电子商务
n. 电子商务
 - Electronic Commerce, Electronic Commercial Affairs, e-business

Word: smartly
Front: smartly
[smɑ:tlɪ] (15998/11821 -1)
Back: adv. 潇洒地; 刺痛地; 伶俐地; 机敏地
分布：潇洒地(60%)，聪明地(20%)，精神旺盛地(20%)
US ['smɑ:rt-] adverb
STYLISH 时髦的 UK or US old-fashioned
■in a fashionable and slightly formal way 时髦地，风度翩翩地
• Paul's always very smartly dressed. 保罗总是穿得很时髦。
UK ['smɑ:t.li] US ['smɑ:rt-] adverb
QUICK 快的
■quickly or forcefully 迅速有力地，迅猛地
• The good economic news caused share prices to rise smartly this afternoon. 这则经济方面的好消息使得今天下午的股票价格暴涨。
adv. 刺痛地；漂亮地；潇洒地；火辣辣地
 - beautifully, nicely

Word: depose
Front: depose
[dɪˈpəʊz] (托宝 15933/15557 -1)
Vocabulary: depose
(once / 678 pages)
1v 2v
When you force someone in authority out of office — a politician, a king, or a cheerleading captain — you depose them.
The word almost always associated with an act of deposition is coup, meaning a sudden act of overthrowing of the government. Sometimes bloodless, more often not. On a less dramatic scale, lawyers depose less exalted folk every day; it means they take evidence from them under oath, possibly to be used in a court case later. Often those giving evidence (mobsters, murderers, financial scammers, etc,) are unwilling to talk to lawyers, hence the suggestion of a stripping away of power and dignity implicit in the term depose.
WORD FAMILY
depose: deposed, deposer, deposes, deposing, deposition +/deposer: deposers/ deposition: depositions
USAGE EXAMPLES
King Saud was deposed in 1964 and replaced by his brother King Faisal, who, in turn, was assassinated by a nephew.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Next month the attorneys said they are scheduled to depose Olympus executives in the U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
It seems there may be a nascent, rebel movement in North Korea attempting to depose North Korean Dear Leader, Kim Jong-un.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 罢免，免职; 宣誓作证; 废黜（君主等）; 放置
vi. 宣誓证明
时态：deposed, deposing, deposes
分布：废黜(48%)，罢免(42%)，放下(10%)
→de-, 向下，离开。pose, 放置。即下放，罢免。
免职;沉淀(de去掉+pose放,职位→去掉职位→免职;de下去+pose→放下去→沉淀)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
【记】de下，pose放－放下去－免职 源于：deposit（v 沉淀）
【参】repose（v /n 休息）
US [-'poʊz] verb transitive
■to remove someone important from a powerful position 罢免，使免职，使下台
• Margaret Thatcher was deposed as leader of the British Conservative Party in 1991. 1991年玛格丽特‧撒切尔被免去了英国保守党领袖的职务。
• King Charles I was deposed from the English throne in 1646. 1646年英王查理一世被废黜。
vt. 免职；作证；废黜
 - give evidence, bear witness

Word: mastermind
Front: mastermind
[ˈmɑ:stəmaɪnd] (15965/15328 -1)
Vocabulary: mastermind
(once / 6407 pages)
nv
A mastermind is a brilliant thinker with original ideas. You might be a chess mastermind or a criminal mastermind: either way, people will not want to oppose you.
Inventors, intellectuals, and famous geniuses call all be called masterminds, from Albert Einstein to theoretical physicist Dr. Shirley Jackson. You could also call people who are successful in their fields — especially if they come up with new ways of doing things — masterminds. Even a brilliant jewel thief might be called a safe-cracking mastermind. As a verb, to mastermind is to act as the leader of some complex plan or scheme.
WORD FAMILY
mastermind: masterminded, masterminding, masterminds
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council vote to condemn Israeli settlements, Jerusalem officials approved more of them and the government accused the Obama administration of masterminding the vote.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
The multinational deal masterminded by Mr. Obama to curb Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for relief from international sanctions proved a breaking point.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
To follow up, the ensemble comedy “Masterminds” fizzled with $17 million domestically.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 策划者，操纵者; 智多星，才子
vt. 策划，谋划
时态：masterminded, masterminding, masterminds
分布：策划者(74%)，聪明人(20%)，智多星(6%)
→master,大师，mind,思想。比喻用法。
US ['mæs.tɚ-] verb transitive
■to plan a difficult activity, often a crime, in detail and make certain that it happens successfully 策划；幕后操纵
• He's believed to have masterminded the attacks. 据信是他策划了这些袭击事件。
vt. 策划
 - engineer, scheme, be up to something
n. 优秀策划者；才子
 - bel esprit

Word: inset
Front: inset
[ˈɪnset] (15912/9246)
Back: n. 插入物，插进
时态：inset, insetting, insets
分布：插图(38%)，插页(31%)，嵌入(21%)，插入物(10%)
→in-,进入，使，set,放置，安置。引申词义插入的小图或套图。
插入(in进入+set→安置进去→插入)[set=fix,表示"安置好"]
['ɪn.set] specialized
noun countable
■something positioned within a larger object 嵌入物
• The map has an inset (= small extra map) in the top corner, that shows the city centre in more detail. 地图上角嵌有一幅小图，更详细地显示了市中心。
n. 插图， [印刷] 插页；插入物
 - inlet, illustration
vt. 嵌入；插入
 - bed, tumble in

Word: flak
Front: flak
[flæk] (宝 16001/16602 -1)
Vocabulary: flak
(once / 13162 pages)
1n 2n 3n
If you’re taking flak, chances are you’re in a bad situation and taking fire from an enemy. Flak can refer to criticism — or worse, shots from an airplane.
Flak came into English as an abbreviation for the German word Fliegerabwehrkanone, meaning 'aircraft-defense gun.' (Yikes! No wonder they abbreviated it.) If you’re dealing with a lot of flak, you’re either in a fighter plane over enemy territory drawing shots, or you’re dealing with a volley of criticism that seems like antiaircraft fire. If you show up late for work for a third day, you’ll probably take some flak from your coworkers — they’ll take verbal shots at you.
WORD FAMILY
flak: flaks
USAGE EXAMPLES
For example, the “Rogue One” Rebel army was influenced by American flak vests and U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
One veteran, wearing a flak jacket and a Veterans for Peace flag, yelled to the crowd from atop a horse.
Reuters(Dec 08, 2016)
But it’s the drug dealers waging war in and on their own communities that catch most of the flak.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 高射炮; 过分的或抨击性的批评; 争吵，敌对
分布：高射炮(53%)，抨击(30%)，指责(14%)，=flack.(3%)
→来自德语Fliegerabwehrkanone, 防空大炮，高射炮，flieger, 词源同fly,飞，空中，abwehr,挡开，来自ab-,离开，-wehr, 保护，词源同weir,拦河坝，kanone, 大炮，词源同cannon。引申义抨击。
【记】用flak人工降雪flake（n 薄片；雪花）
(also flack) [flæk] noun uncountable
CRITICISM 批评 informal
■strong criticism or opposition 严厉批评；激烈反对
• She took/caught some flak from her parents about her new dress. 她的新衣服遭到了父母的一通批评。
(also flack) [flæk] noun uncountable
FIRING OF GUNS 枪炮开火
■the firing of guns from the ground at enemy aircraft, or the things that the guns fire 高射炮火；高射炮弹
• They flew into heavy flak over the target area. 他们飞进目标地区，遭到了高射炮火的猛烈射击。
n. [军] 高射炮；抨击；谴责
 - attack, archie

Word: assumed
Front: assumed
[əˈsju:md] (15999/13864)
Vocabulary: assumed
(once / 177 pages)
adj
When something is described as assumed, it's fake. An assumed name is made up, often to hide a true identity.
If you're living under an assumed name, you've taken on a new, fictitious name to disguise yourself or simply to start over as a new person — to give yourself an assumed identity. An assumed facial expression is false, and an assumed address isn't your real one. The adjective assumed comes from the meaning of assume that's "take on or adopt, often falsely," from the Latin assumere, "to take up."
WORD FAMILY
assumed: assumedly+/ assume: assumed, assumes, assuming, assumption, assumptive, re-assume/ assuming: assumingly, unassuming / assumption: assumptions/re-assume: re-assuming/ unassuming: unassumingly, unassumingness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The news was devastating: I assumed a lifetime of “difference” and exclusion, all my aspirations for my child seemingly in tatters.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Another assumed on sight that he worked in the company cafeteria.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The Russian president himself remains stubbornly popular despite his own widely assumed corruption.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 假装的; 假冒的; 假定的; 被承担的
v. 取得（权力）( assume的过去式和过去分词 ); 假设; 假定; 呈现
分布：假定的(51%)，假装的(44%)，动词assume的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
VERB
假定;以为;假设
If you assume that something is true, you imagine that it is true, sometimes wrongly.
例：It is a misconception to assume that the two continents are similar...关于这两块大陆相似的假设是一种误解。
例：If the package is wrapped well, we assume the contents are also wonderful...如果包装精美，我们就会认为里面装的也是好东西。
VERB
掌管，夺取，取得（权力）；承担（责任）
If someone assumes power or responsibility, they take power or responsibility.
例：Mr Cross will assume the role of Chief Executive with a team of four directors...克劳斯先生将出任首席执行官，手下有4位经理。
例：If there is no president, power will be assumed by the most extremist forces.如果没有主席，权力就会落入最极端的过激分子手中。
VERB
呈现，具有，显露（某种特质）
If something assumes a particular quality, it begins to have that quality.
例：In his dreams, the mountains assumed enormous importance.在他的梦中，山有着至关重要的作用。
VERB
表现出（某种表情）；装出，做出（某种样子）
If you assume a particular expression or way of behaving, you start to look or behave in this way.
例：He contented himself by assuming an air of superiority...他表现出一副高高在上的样子以获得自我满足。
例：Prue assumed a placatory tone of voice.普吕以一种安慰人的语气说话。
PHRASE
让我们假设；姑且假设
You can use let us assume or let's assume when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.
例：Let us assume those clubs actually win something. Then players will receive large bonuses...倘若那些俱乐部真的赚了，那么球员就会获得一大笔奖金。
例：Let's assume for a moment that I am a litigant in your court.暂且假设我是你的诉讼当事人。
adj. [数] 假定的；假装的
 - supposed, affected, simulate

Word: scab
Front: scab
[skæb] (宝 15977/20875)
Vocabulary: scab
(once / 5256 pages)
1nv 2nv
Kids who fall and skin their knees know what a scab is: it's the crusty patch of skin that forms when a scrape or cut is healing.
A wound will form a scab as it heals, whether it's a cut or a burn. Skin has an amazing ability to repair itself, and a scab is evidence of this. Another kind of scab altogether is a slang term for someone who crosses a picket line during a strike, choosing to work instead of joining coworkers in protesting low wages or harsh treatment by an employer. This kind of scab first meant "unpleasant person" in the late 1500's.
WORD FAMILY
scab: scabbed, scabbing, scabby, scabs+/scabby: scabbiest
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Jacobs also thought of something else, something that should resonate across a town whose sports seasons are measured by scabs and scars.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
But this is only Corpus Christi, a forgotten scab of a city.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
New debates over Brexit and immigration are scratching at scabs formed after last year’s election.
Economist(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. （伤口或疮口上所结的）痂; （植物的）斑点病; 拒不参加罢工的工人; 破坏罢工者
时态：scabbed, scabbing, scabs
分布：痂(51%)，疥癣(17%)，破坏罢工(17%)，结疤(8%)，破坏罢工者(7%)
→来自古英语 sceabb,痒，疥癣，来自 Proto-Germanic*skab,抓，挠，刮，来自 skep,抓，挠， 刮，砍，词源同 ship,shave.后引申词义痂，疤痕。
noun
SKIN COVERING 皮肤覆盖物
countable
■a rough surface made of dried blood which forms over a cut or broken skin while it is healing （伤口上结的）痂 Compare scar
uncountable
■a plant or animal disease which causes rough areas on the skin （动物）疥疮，疥癣；（植物）斑点病
[skæb] noun
WORKER 工人
countable informal disapproving
■an insulting word for a person who continues working while other people in the organization are on strike 不参加罢工者，破坏罢工的人
n. [皮肤] 痂；疤；疥癣；恶棍
 - tough, seab
vi. 结痂；生疙瘩；破坏罢工
 - callus

Word: cutting
Front: cutting
[ˈkʌtɪŋ] (雅 5468/4089 -3)
Back: adj. 锋利的，锐利的; 刺骨的，像刀割似的; 讽刺的，挖苦的
n. 切割; 剪报，剪辑; [园]插枝; 开凿
v. 切开(cut的现在分词); 削减; 采伐
分布：切断(38%)，剪报(16%)，刺骨的(10%)，挖苦的(10%)，插条(10%)，开凿(9%)，切下(5%)，动词cut的现在分词.(2%)
US ['kʌtˌ-] noun countable
ARTICLE 文章 UK (US also clipping)
■an article which has been cut from a newspaper or magazine （从报纸杂志上剪下的）剪报，剪下的材料
UK ['kʌt.ɪŋ] US ['kʌtˌ-] noun countable
PLANT 植物
■a piece cut off from a plant which can be used to grow another plant of the same type in a different place （用来插种的）插条，插枝
UK ['kʌt.ɪŋ] US ['kʌtˌ-] noun countable
PASSAGE 通道 (US cut)
■a deep narrow passage made through a hill for a road, railway or canal （从山中开凿出的）通道铁路，河床
UK ['kʌt.ɪŋ] US ['kʌtˌ-] adjective
■unkind and intending to upset someone 刻薄的；尖刻的；伤人感情的
• a cutting remark/comment 刻薄的话／评论
• He can be very cutting when he chooses to be! 当他决意伤人时，会变得很尖刻！
n. [机] 切断；剪辑；开凿
 - slicing, C-O
adj. 锋利的；严寒的；尖酸刻薄的
 - sharp, freezing
v. 削减（cut的ing形式）； [林] 采伐；切开
 - slitting, sundering

Word: promenade
Front: promenade
[ˌprɒməˈnɑ:d] (宝 16011/10370 -1)
Vocabulary: promenade
(once / 1257 pages)
nv
Promenade is a fancy word for going out walking. If you like to stroll through town in a leisurely way, then you like to take promenades.
Besides meaning the nice walk you just took, the noun promenade can also mean a special walking place for pedestrians, like a boardwalk. You can also use it as a verb, and go promenading. In Square Dance, promenade is a move where the couples walk around in a circle, and you might be familiar with the promenade at your high school — or did you just call it "Prom"?
WORD FAMILY
promenade: promenaded, promenades, promenading
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Nice in July, 86 people died during Bastille Day celebrations when a lorry drove into crowds on the Promenade des Anglais.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Beginning in the Afruda district and ending near Espinho’s golden beaches, the path includes wooden walkways above undulating dunes and paved promenades with ocean views.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Hundreds of port workers and volunteers were scrambling Tuesday to build the enormous tree on a popular beachside promenade in Colombo, Sri Lanka’s capital.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 散步，闲逛; 通道，走廊; 舞会; 骑马
vt. & vi. 漫步; 散步; 骑马
时态：promenaded, promenading, promenades
分布：散步(58%)，漫步(22%)，队列前进(10%)，散步场所(5%)，方块舞(5%)
→pro-,向前，-men,伸出，词源同eminent,mountain.引申词义散步，漫步，后用于指舞会。
【记】pro向前，men男人，ade－男人向前－散步
US [ˌprɑ:.mə'neɪd] noun countable (informal prom)
■a path for walking on, especially one built next to the sea 散步场所；（尤指）海滨步道
• We strolled along on the promenade eating ice-creams. 我们吃着霜淇淋，沿海滨大道散步。
UK [ˌprɒm.ə'nɑ:d] US [ˌprɑ:.mə'neɪd] verb intransitive old-fashioned
■to walk slowly along a road or path for relaxation and pleasure 散步；兜风
vi. 散步
 - have a walk, pasear, to take a walk
vt. 散步，漫步；骑马
 - have a walk, walk along
n. 散步；舞会；骑马
 - ball, walk, dance

Word: disillusionment
Front: disillusionment
[ˌdɪsɪˈlu:ʒnmənt] (16012/14166)
Vocabulary: disillusionment
(once / 5605 pages)
n
Feeling disillusionment means you're bummed out because you no longer believe in something — usually because you find out it isn't as amazing as you thought.
The definition of disillusionment doesn't sound so bad: being freed from false beliefs or illusions. Well, sorry to disillusion you, but it's not so great. Disillusionment is when the hard truth of reality makes you lose faith in your dreams and ideals. Like you might have thought your internship at the movie studio would be super glamorous, but you quickly suffered some disillusionment when you realized it involved 14-hour days and lots of coffee runs.
WORD FAMILY
disillusionment: disillusionments+/ disillusion: disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusionment, disillusions/disillusioning: disillusioningly/ illusion: disillusion, illusional, illusionary, illusionist, illusions, illusory / illusionist: illusionists/ illusory: illusorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The poem is a heartfelt work that grapples with pain and injustice, with unfairness and disillusionment.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
She then sings a song about the ennui of middle-aged womanhood and her disillusionment with the bourgeoisie who surround her privileged 1970s Manhattan life.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Earlier this week, stall owners and shoppers who voted for Ms. Park four years ago expressed a mixture of defiance and disillusionment.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 幻灭; 醒悟
分布：醒悟(60%)，理想破灭(40%)
N-UNCOUNT
醒悟;不再抱幻想;理想破灭
Disillusionment is the disappointment that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought.
例：...his growing disillusionment with his work.他对他的工作越来越不抱幻想
例：...the pain, disillusionment and despair we experience when someone we idolized has betrayed our trust.我们视作偶像的人辜负了我们的信任时，我们所体会到的痛苦、失望和绝望
n. 幻灭；醒悟
 - disenchantment, evanescence

Word: manor
Front: manor
[ˈmænə(r)] (14099/4401 -2)
Vocabulary: manor
(once / 667 pages)
n
A manor is the house of a lord — pretty fancy stuff. If you like to read 18th-century British novels, you probably read about a lot of people having dinner, dance, and restrained romance in their manors.
Manor comes from the Old French manoir, meaning "dwelling place," but a manor isn't just any old dwelling place. In the days when people still had titles of nobility, the houses and the grounds of the nobles were known as manors. If you tell someone that his house is a manor, that's like saying it's so opulent and lovely that it could have belonged to a lord.
WORD FAMILY
manor: manorial, manors+/manorial: manorially
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paranormal Lockdown Nick and Katrina visit a historic, purportedly haunted manor in Middleboro, Mass., in this new episode of the unscripted series. 9 p.m.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The Manor Site-specific tale of scandal and murder, inspired by actual events.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
He used to work for the Briarcliff Manor police department.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 庄园; 领地; 庄园大厦; 庄园主的住宅
分布：庄园(100%)
→来自拉丁语manere,停留，等待，站稳，词源同manse,mansion,remain.引申词义住所，庄园。
US [-ɚ] noun
LARGE HOUSE 大房子
countable (also manor house)
■a large old house in the country with land belonging to it 庄园宅第
UK ['mæn.ər] US [-ɚ] noun
AREA 区域
countable usually singular UK slang
■the area in which a person works or which they are responsible for 工作区；负责区域；管辖区
n. 庄园；领地；采邑，采地
 - possession, fazenda

Word: lynching
Front: lynching
[lɪntʃɪŋ] (15960/45257)
Vocabulary: lynching
(once / 5524 pages)
n
A lynching is an unlawful murder by an angry mob of people. Throughout history, dominant groups have used lynchings as a way of controlling minorities.
When people take the law into their own hands and decide to punish a suspected criminal — or merely a person who's seen as challenging the status quo — the result can unfortunately be a lynching. Lynchings have most often involved hanging, especially during the period of racially motivated lynchings in the American South. The word lynching and its related verb, lynch, come from Captain William Lynch, who took control of imposing and policing order in Virginia during the Revolutionary War.
WORD FAMILY
lynching: lynchings+/ lynch: lynched, lynches, lynching
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Clearly the instigator of this media lynching is looking for her 15 minutes of fame, by defaming me in her novel.”
Time(Dec 30, 2016)
Lynchings in Kansas numbered in the hundreds, particularly in the state’s early years, according to Kansas historical records.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
It was the last recorded case of a Klan lynching.
Washington Post(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 处私刑
分布：处私刑(72%)，动词lynch的现在分词形式.(28%)
VERB
以私刑绞死（某人）
If an angry crowd of people lynch someone, they kill that person by hanging them, without letting them have a trial, because they believe that that person has committed a crime.
例：They were about to lynch him when reinforcements from the army burst into the room and rescued him.他们正准备动私刑绞死他时，援军闯入房间把他救下了。

Word: recuperate
Front: recuperate
[rɪˈku:pəreɪt] (宝 16025/18895 -1)
Vocabulary: recuperate
(once / 3654 pages)
v
To recuperate is to get something back that you have lost — could be good health, or money lost in a bad investment. When you recuperate, you heal and recover.
Recuperate comes from the Latin word recuperare “to take back,” so when you recuperate you gain something back that was yours before — health or money. Recuperate is usually something people do after an illness. If you break your knee playing rugby in college, you might go home to recuperate. If you don't want to sound fancy, just say you're recovering. It also means to get money back, so you can also try to recuperate your losses by staying in the poker game.
WORD FAMILY
recuperate: recuperated, recuperates, recuperating, recuperation, recuperative+/ recuperation: recuperations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He spent the next week at a shelter near Milan's central train station, recuperating and preparing for the last leg of his journey.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
In a further boost her spokesperson confirmed she will be discharged from hospital on Friday to spend the festive period recuperating with her family.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Kennedy’s tanned skin and vigorous performance contrasted vividly with the pallor of Nixon, who was recuperating from a staph infection.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vi. 恢复，复原; 弥补
vt. 使恢复; [化]同流换热
时态：recuperated, recuperating, recuperates
分布：动词(100%)
→来自拉丁语 recuperare,恢复，重新获取，来自 re-,再，重新，-cup,抓住，得到，词源同 capable,have,recover.引申词义恢复，康复。
【记】re反复，cup，er，ate吃：反复用cup喝水和吃饭－恢复
【反】debilitating（adj 虚弱的）－recuperative（adj 恢复的）
US [-'ku:.pə.reɪt] slightly formal
verb intransitive
■to become well again after an illness; to get back your strength, health, etc 恢复；复原；康复
• She spent a month in the country recuperating from/after the operation. 她手术后在乡间休养了一个月。
vi. 恢复，复原；挽回损失
 - restore, recover from
vt. 恢复，使恢复健康
 - restore, repair

Word: pretentious
Front: pretentious
[prɪˈtenʃəs] (托雅宝 16028/14642 -1)
Vocabulary: pretentious
(once / 1646 pages)
adj
Use the adjective pretentious as a way to criticize people who try to act like they are more important or knowledgeable than they really are.
You might not be surprised to learn that pretentious is related to the word pretend, and it is an adjective that fits the bill for describing someone who's only concerned with making an impressive appearance. If you don't want to be accused of being pretentious, just act naturally and don't put on airs!
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pretentious / portentous
Fake mobsters in suits and spats are pretentious. But a horse head in your bed? That's portentous. And also, call the police.
A regular person who insists on using the royal "we" is pretentious. Find the word "pretend" in pretentious and you're onto something — both words come from the same Latin root. Pretending is fun, but anything pretentious is a bummer because it's fanciful and untrue. Examples:
"Eva's colleagues eventually turn on her and deem her uppity and pretentious; one day, someone in the office steals the diary." (The New Yorker)
"Well, the film was a bore, with far too many pretentious slow-motion surfing shots or close-ups of foam and bubbles." (Los Angeles Times)
Portentous is darker. The word comes from the Latin portentosus for "marvelous, threatening," oh, and also "monster." A funnel cloud, a horse head, or a letter from an ex, are all portentoussigns. It overlaps with pretentious because portentous also describes someone trying hard to seem important, like a human pufferfish. But it's usually a sign of things to come, like a portent, or omen. Observe:
"But above them all looms one legendary beast: the great white whale, Moby-Dick, freighted with portentous doom." (The Guardian)
"Some are table-centered domestic scenes: silent intimacies, fights over a portentous envelope." (The New Yorker)
If you get them mixed up, remember that pretentious has an "i" at the end, and portentous has an "o" for "omen."
WORD FAMILY
pretentious: pretentiously, pretentiousness, unpretentious +/ pretense: pretenses, pretension, pretentious / pretension: pretensions/ unpretentious: unpretentiously, unpretentiousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Successful by their own measures, Karen and Matt live in a converted macaroni factory, spitting distance from several pretentious coffeehouses.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Gold: My least favorite restaurants tend to be pretentious, expensive with unimaginative food.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Are what read as pretentious and condescending undertones absolutely required?
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂妄的，自命不凡的，自负的; 虚伪的，矫饰的，做作的
分布：自命不凡的(46%)，自负的(27%)，矫饰的(15%)，炫耀的(12%)
→来自pretend,假装，佯装，自称，自夸，-t,过去分词格。引申词义炫耀的，浮夸的。
自负的;虚伪的[tend,tent,tens=stretch表示"伸展"]
[prɪ'tent.ʃəs] disapproving
adjective
■trying to appear or sound more important or clever than you are, especially in matters of art and literature （尤指在文学艺术方面）炫耀的，矫饰的，自以为是的
• a pretentious art critic 自以为是的艺术评论家
• The novel deals with grand themes, but is never heavy or pretentious. 这部小说探讨的是重大主题，但它绝不沉闷也不矫饰。
adj. 自命不凡的；炫耀的；做作的
 - affected, ambitious

Word: overhang
Front: overhang
[ˌəʊvəˈhæŋ] (六 16004/21073 -1)
Back: vt. 伸突出，伸出; 逼近，威胁; 用悬挂物装饰
vi. 悬垂; 逼近
n. 突出物; 延伸量，伸出量; [航]突出船首（或船尾）; （无法兑换黄金的）美元过剩额
时态：overhung, overhanging, overhangs
分布：悬垂(51%)，逼近(25%)，突出部份(8%)，悬于 ... 之上(8%)，悬垂部份(8%)
→over-,在上，hang,悬挂。
US [ˌoʊ.və˞-]
(overhung, overhung)
■to stick out over something at a lower level 凸出于…之上；悬于…之上；悬垂，悬挂
• Several large trees overhang the path. 几棵大树掩映着这条小径。
■to have a negative effect on a situation 对（某一局势）产生不良影响，左右
• Overhanging the controversy is the question of how much the government knew about the arms deal. 左右这场争论的是，政府对这笔军火交易究竟知道多少。
noun countable UK [ˈəʊ.və.hæŋ] US [ˈoʊ.və˞-/
■the part of a rock or roof that sticks out over something below 悬崖；飞檐；凸出物；垂悬物
• The church is unsafe because it was built on an overhang. 这座教堂不安全，因为它建在一块悬伸的岩石上。
vi. [建] 悬垂；逼近
 - close in upon, push up to
vt. 悬于…之上；（危险、邪恶等）逼近
 - close in upon, push up to
n. （船首或船尾）突出部分；悬垂部分
 - projecting part

Word: gynecologist
Front: gynecologist
[ˌgaɪnɪ'kɒlədʒɪst] (15997/-)
Back: n. 妇科医生
分布：妇科医生(100%)
[见上,-ist人]妇科医生[女(1)gyn(o);gynec(o)(2)fem;femin]

Word: aural
Front: aural
[ˈɔ:rəl] (研四六 15916/21545 -1)
Vocabulary: aural
(once / 28209 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you have excellent aural abilities, it means that your ears work well. Aural means "pertaining to hearing."
Some people learn well using their aural skills, which means they can hear something and remember it easily later. The root of the word aural is the Latin word meaning "pertaining to the ear," auris. It's easy to get aural confused with another word that sounds similar, oral, which means "pertaining to the mouth."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
aural / oral / verbal
Aural refers to the ear or hearing, and oral to the mouth or speaking. Something verbal is expressed in words, either spoken or written. Listen to the aural sensations of songs from outer space when you've been gassed for your oral surgery. Then stay non-verbal because you can't use words for a long time after the dentist wakes you up.
Aural is related to the sense of hearing:
While the songs may be familiar, the delivery is the aural version of having one's stocking stuffed. (technorati.com)
Audio teams capture far-flung aural impressions to set the proper movie mood (Dallas Morning News)
Our second word, oral, refers to something spoken (rather than written) or something related to the mouth:
The Long Island Storytelling Network will be telling tales at the library on Wednesday to help revive the oral tradition. (Storynet.org)
Oral cancer has always been a bigger threat to men than women. (Washington Post)
Now what about oral vs. verbal? They both relate to something expressed through words, but oral is spoken and verbal can be spoken or written. Oral and verbal are often used interchangeably — both describe spoken words after all. But they're not always interchangeable. If your little sister sticks everything in her mouth, she has an oral fixation. If she can recite the Constitution by age two, she's quite verbal. Consider these quotes from articles about college basketball:
K-State basketball gets oral commitment from 7-footer Diaz. (Wichita Eagle)
Gipson is Kansas State's second verbal commitment. (Fox Sports)
Using those definitions, Diaz told K-State he'd join the team. He didn't sign any paperwork. But Gipson could have signed on the dotted line, or he might have just spoken his commitment.
Remember: if it's related to the ear or hearing, you want aural. If it's related to something spoken or to the mouth, it's oral. And although verbal can mean spoken or written, oral can only mean spoken.
WORD FAMILY
aural: aurally, biaural
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hollens includes instrumental support on several tracks to avoid potential aural fatigue of a full session of a cappella harmonies.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
The result, reviewers concurred, was an aural seamlessness throughout his range, without a hint of strain.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Using multichannel speakers, “Hearing Landscapes” tried to transform this visual experience into an aural one.
New York Times(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 耳的; 听觉的; 气味的; 预兆的
分布：听觉的(63%)，耳的(37%)
→来自词根aur, 耳朵，同ear.
a.听觉的,听力的I'm interested in why he is arrested while resting in aural restaurant in the forest.我对他为何在森林里的香味餐馆歇息的时候被捕感兴趣.
US ['ɔ:r.əl] adjective
■relating to hearing 听力的，听觉的
• aural teaching aids, such as tapes 诸如磁带之类的听力教具
adj. [生物] 听觉的；耳的；气味的；先兆的
 - acoustic, auricular

Word: lexicon
Front: lexicon
[ˈleksɪkən] (宝 16005/8329)
Vocabulary: lexicon
(once / 5004 pages)
n
A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or subject. "No-hitter," "go-ahead run," and "Baltimore chop" are part of the baseball lexicon.
Lexicons are really dictionaries, though a lexicon usually covers an ancient language or the special vocabulary of a particular author or field of study. In linguistics, the lexicon is the total stock of words and word elements that carry meaning. Lexicon is from Greek lexikon (biblion) meaning "word(book)," ultimately going back to legein "to speak."
WORD FAMILY
lexicon: lexicons
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Block, The Shot and The Stop are the newest entries in Cleveland’s sports lexicon.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The views held by Trump and his advisers also ignore the complex lexicon of “Islamism”—distinct even from Islam.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
The contrasts in gilded surfaces slow down the eye, revealing illustrated lexicons of techniques, patterns, symbols and motifs.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 词典; 专门词汇
分布：词汇(60%)，词典(40%)
→来自希腊语lexis,词，来自leg,说，词源同lecture.比较dictionary.
词典;专门词汇(lexic+on)[lex,lexic=word,speech,表示"词汇"]
['lek.sɪ.kən] specialized
noun countable
■(a list of) all the words used in a particular language or subject, or a dictionary （某语言或学科的）全部辞汇；词典
lexicon, term, vocabulary, word, language
这组词都有“文字，词，语言”的意思，其区别是：
lexicon: 指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
term: 指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
vocabulary: 集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
word: 普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
language: 普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
n. [语] 词典，辞典
 - dictionary, wordbook

Word: gauntlet
Front: gauntlet
[ˈgɔ:ntlət] (16029/15017 -1)
Vocabulary: gauntlet
(once / 2368 pages)
1n 2n
A gauntlet is a glove covered in steel that was worn in suits of armor, but it also means punishment or, when "throwing down the gauntlet," a challenge.
Gauntlet comes from the Old French word for "glove," which was thrown down as a symbol of a challenge. “Running the gauntlet” is an old military form of punishment in which the victim runs between two rows of men wearing armored gloves, who beat him as he passes through the lines. Today, if someone makes you run the gauntlet, they won’t really strike you with armored gloves, but they'll probably make you do something miserable.
WORD FAMILY
gauntlet: gauntlets
USAGE EXAMPLES
Coach Rick Pitino referred to it as a “gauntlet” after the UK win .
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
He threw down the gauntlet this year with a towering tree adorned with 50,000 bulbs, which drew wide acclaim.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The hunt is a gauntlet to run, but it’s half the fun.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. （中世纪武士用的）金属手套; （骑马，击剑等用的）长手套; 交叉射击; 严酷考验
分布：挑战(60%)，长手套(19%)，夹道鞭笞的刑罚(15%)，金属手套(3%)，夹攻(3%)
→1.金属手套，词源同wind, 缠绕，编织，即织成的手套。在中世纪向别人发出挑战时则掷手套于地，如果对方捡起手套，则是接受挑战。
US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
■a long thick glove (= hand covering) , worn for protection 长手套；防护手套
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
run the gauntlet
■to have to deal with a lot of people who are criticizing or attacking you 受到众人的批评（或攻击）；受到夹道攻击
• Every day they had to run the gauntlet of hostile journalists on their way to school. 每天去学校的路上他们都要受到一群不友好的记者的围追堵截。
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
take/pick up the gauntlet
■to agree to fight or compete with someone 接受挑战
UK ['gɔ:nt.lət] US ['gɑ:nt-] noun countable
throw down the gauntlet
■to invite someone to fight or compete with you 发出挑战
• A price war looks likely now that a leading supermarket has thrown down the gauntlet to its competitors. 一场价格战似乎一触即发，因为一个龙头超级市场已经向对手们发出了挑战。
n. 长手套；（古时士兵戴的）金属护手；夹道鞭笞的刑罚；交叉射击；严酷考验
 - gantlet, cross-fire

Word: ever-increasing
Front: ever-increasing
['evə ɪn'kri:sɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 不断增长的
分布：持续增长的(50%)，不断增长的(50%)

Word: second-class
Front: second-class
[ˈsekəndklɑ:s] (-1)
Back: adj. 第二流的; 次要的; 第二地位的; 二类邮件的
adv. 二类地; 乘二等车地; 坐二等舱地
分布：二等的(50%)，第二流的(25%)，次劣的(25%)
ADJ
二等的;无足轻重的;地位低下的
If someone treats you as a second-class citizen, they treat you as if you are less valuable and less important than other people.
例：Too many airlines treat our children as second-class citizens.太多的航空公司把我们的孩子当作二等公民对待。
ADJ
次等的;劣质的
If you describe something as second-class, you mean that it is of poor quality.
例：I am not prepared to see children in some parts of this country having to settle for a second-class education.我没有料到会发现在这个国家的一些地区孩子们只能接受二流的教育。
ADJ
(车厢、舱位)二等的,普通的
The second-class accommodation on a train or ship is the ordinary accommodation, which is cheaper and less comfortable than the first-class accommodation.
例：He sat in the corner of a second-class carriage...他坐在一节二等车厢的角落里。
例：Seven second-class passengers prepared to disembark.7 名普通舱的旅客准备下船。
ADJ
(邮件)第二类的,(英国)廉价慢递的,(美国)投递报刊的
In Britain, second-class postage is the slower and cheaper type of postage. In the United States, second-class postage is the type of postage that is used for sending newspapers and magazines.
例：...a second-class stamp.第二类邮件所贴的邮票
例：...second class letters.第二类信件
ADJ
(英国的大学学位)二级优等的
In Britain, a second-class degree is a good university degree, but not as good as a first-class degree.
例：A second-class honours degree is the minimum requirement.至少须获得二级优等荣誉学位。
adj. 第二流的；次劣的
 - middling

Word: conqueror
Front: conqueror
['kɒŋkərə(r)] (六雅 16027/11626 -1)
Back: n. 征服者，占领者
分布：征服者(90%)，胜利者(10%)
US ['kɑ:ŋ.kɚ.ɚ] noun countable
■someone who has conquered a country or its people 征服者；胜利者
winner, conqueror
这组词都有“胜利者”的意思，其区别是：
winner: 普通用词，通常指比赛或竞赛中的优胜者，也指经过努力的成功者。
conqueror: 指靠武力征服对方的胜利者。
n. 征服者；胜利者
 - winner, vanquisher

Word: feathered
Front: feathered
[ˈfeðəd] (16019/20528 -1)
Back: adj. 有羽毛的; 羽状的; 用羽毛装饰的; 薄边的
v. 用羽毛覆盖(feather的过去式和过去分词); 给…以薄边; （箭等）装上羽毛
分布：有羽毛的(84%)，羽状的(11%)，动词feather的过去式和过去分词.(5%)
US [-ɚd] adjective
■having feathers 有羽毛的
• humorous our feathered friends (= birds) 我们长羽毛的朋友（指鸟）
adj. 有羽毛的；羽状的；飞速的；薄边的
 - fledgy, plumy

Word: functioning
Front: functioning
['fʌŋkʃənɪŋ] (托 7989/10374)
Vocabulary: functioning
(once / 2862 pages)
adjn
Something that is functioning is working — doing what it's supposed to do. A functioning refrigerator keeps your food cold. A functioning television shows a clear picture. A functioning group gets things done in an orderly and timely fashion.
A function is the purpose that something is made for. A flashlight's function is to light up. But if it's not functioning, or working properly, you might need to change its batteries or buy a new one. If your car can get you from point A to point B but the engine sounds like it's going to die any minute, you might say that it is "barely functioning." Sometimes people use the word functional to mean the thing as functioning.
WORD FAMILY
functioning: functionings+/ function: disfunction, functional, functionary, functioned, functioning, functions, misfunction/ functional: functionalism, functionality, functionally, nonfunctional, unfunctional/functionalism: functionalist/functionalist: functionalists/functionality: functionalities/ functionary: functionaries/misfunction: misfunctioned, misfunctioning
USAGE EXAMPLES
These complex processes may pass unnoticed by the driver, but their uninterrupted functioning is crucial.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s absurd how many cars and trucks are driving with only one functioning headlight.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Another way that government facilitates the functioning of markets is by helping consumers get clear information.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 起作用（function的现在分词形式）; 运转; 正常工作
分布：机能(94%)，动词function的现在分词形式.(6%)
N-COUNT
功能;作用;职责
The function of something or someone is the useful thing that they do or are intended to do.
例：The main function of the merchant banks is to raise capital for industry.商业银行的主要职能是为产业融资。
VERB
工作;运转;运行
If a machine or system is functioning, it is working or operating.
例：The authorities say the prison is now functioning normally...当局称监狱现在运转正常。
例：Conservation programs cannot function without local support.没有地方的支持，自然环境保护项目就无法运作。
VERB
发挥功能;起作用;行使职责
If someone or something functions as a particular thing, they do the work or fulfil the purpose of that thing.
例：On weekdays, one third of the room functions as workspace.在工作日，房间的1/3用作办公区域。
N-COUNT
(计算机的)功能(指执行的一系列操作)
A function is a series of operations that a computer performs, for example when a single key or a combination of keys is pressed.
N-COUNT
应变量;随他物变化而变化的事物
If you say that one thing is a function of another, you mean that its amount or nature depends on the other thing.
例：Investment is a function of the interest rate.投资随着利率的变化而变。
N-COUNT
(正式的)宴会，大型聚会
A function is a large formal dinner or party.
n. 运行，运作；功能；机能；起酌（function的动名词）
 - revolution, action

Word: autocratic
Front: autocratic
[ˌɔ:tə'krætɪk] (15941/14892 -1)
Vocabulary: autocratic
(once / 3743 pages)
adj
Autocratic describes a way of ruling, but not in a nice way. An autocratic leader is one who rules with an iron fist; in other words — someone with the behavior of a dictator.
Autocratic rulers don't tend to be popular. They use fear and control to gain total power over their people. Often, their country is left destitute as a result of their actions. The word autocratic is often used to describe the head of a country, but really, anyone who is a despotic leader can qualify — including the boss who threatens to fire you if you refuse to polish his shoes and work every holiday.
WORD FAMILY
autocratic: autocratically+/ autocracy: autocracies/ autocrat: autocracy, autocratic, autocrats
USAGE EXAMPLES
Democratic centralism still prevails—exemplified by the party’s monopoly on power, Xi Jinping’s autocratic rule and the suppression of dissent.
Economist(Nov 03, 2016)
Years of violence, civil war and assassinations ensued before the country stabilized under an “institutional” revolutionary party, which grew progressively more hierarchical and autocratic.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
This month its 31 million people lurched a big step closer to that breaking point, thanks to another senseless decree by its autocratic populist government.
Washington Post(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 独裁的; 专制的
分布：专制的(53%)，独裁的(41%)，独断专行的(6%)
US [ˌɑ:.tˌə'krætˌ-] adjective
■like an autocrat 独裁的；专制的；独断专行的；专横的
• an autocratic ruler/regime 独裁统治者／政体
• an autocratic style of government/leadership/management 独断专行的统治方式／领导风格／管理方法
• The President resigned after 30 years of autocratic rule. 这位总统在进行了30年的独裁统治后辞职下台。
adj. 专制的；独裁的，专横的
 - absolute, arbitrary

Word: nautical
Front: nautical
[ˈnɔ:tɪkl] (雅宝 16018/18802 -1)
Vocabulary: nautical
(once / 2135 pages)
adj
If it can go to sea, it’s nautical. That is, if it has to do with a boat, ship, sailor, or one of those maps of the ocean that nautical people call a chart, it can be considered nautical.
You can wear khakis with sailboats or whales embroidered all over and not be the least bit nautical, but if you know that a rope is called a sheet and that hard to the lee means “duck and move to the other side of the boat,” there’s hope. The most nautical among us know what knot to tie in any given boating situation, which makes them both nautical and “knot-ical.”
WORD FAMILY
nautical: nautically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite being two-thirds the size of the black behemoth, Giacomo was a mere two hours astern of Loyal over the 628 nautical mile course.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Taiwan’s Defense Ministry reported Monday that the aircraft carrier and five warships sailed 90 nautical miles south of Taiwan, a self-governing island claimed by China.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They were about 1 nautical mile apart on the Derwent River which leads to the finish line.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 海上的，航海的; 船舶的; 海员的，水手的
分布：航海的(42%)，海上的(31%)，船员的(27%)
→来自拉丁语naus,船，词源同navigate,navy.引申词义航行的，航海的。
航海的;海员的(naut+ical→航海的)[nav,naus,naut=ship表示"船",naut引申为"海员"]
【记】naut（船）＝ical一航海的
【参】astronaut（宇航员）；navy（海军）
US ['nɑ:.tˌi-] adjective
■relating to ships, sailing or sailors 船舶的；航海的；船员的
• nautical equipment 航海设备
• You're looking very nautical in your navy blue sweater. 你穿上海军蓝的毛衣看起来真像个船员。
adj. [水运] 航海的，海上的；船员的
 - marine, sea-going

Word: subsystem
Front: subsystem
['sʌb'sɪstəm] (16042/17944)
Back: n. 子系统，分系统
分布：子系统(100%)

Word: handiwork
Front: handiwork
[ˈhændiwɜ:k] (16037/21901)
Vocabulary: handiwork
(once / 2636 pages)
n
Handiwork is something that you've done, achieved, or made, especially with your own two hands. When you hold up a pair of mittens you just finished knitting, you're admiring your handiwork.
You can use the noun handiwork for the result of hard work, like a tidy, weeded and mulched garden or a handmade birdhouse. You can also look at something less positive, like a messy living room scattered with books that have been pulled from the shelves, and say to your two year-old cousin, "Is this your handiwork?" This word comes from the Old English handgeweorc, from hand and geweorc, "work."
WORD FAMILY
handiwork: handiworks
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s no mistaking this one-two punch of a drink for the handiwork of a craft barman.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
It was the handiwork of Michael Curry, a special effects artist.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The cathedral square is filled with tables, and servers scamper to keep the breeze from destroying their handiwork with the napkins.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 手工; 手工艺（品）; 结果; 行为
分布：手工艺(85%)，手工品(15%)
→hand,手，work,作品。
US [-wɝ:k] noun uncountable
■work done skilfully with the hands 手工制品
• Susannah put down the paintbrush and stood back to admire her handiwork. 苏珊娜放下画笔，后退几步，欣赏自己的画作。
■something that you have done or caused, usually something bad （某人的）所为（通常指坏事）
• "Is this your handiwork?" he asked, pointing at the graffiti on the wall. “这是你干的吧？”他指着墙上的涂鸦问道。
n. 手工艺； [工经] 手工制品；行为后果
 - handmade article

Word: flashing
Front: flashing
[ˈflæʃɪŋ] (15995/14752)
Back: n. 闪光，防水板，遮雨板
v. 发出闪光( flash的现在分词 ); （使）闪现; 映出; 显示
分布：闪光的(60%)，遮雨板(24%)，卫水板(8%)，动词flash的现在分词形式.(8%)
→词源不确定。来自flash, 雨水倾泻，-ing,集合名词后缀。用来指防雨板。
N-COUNT
闪耀;闪光
A flash is a sudden burst of light or of something shiny or bright.
例：A sudden flash of lightning lit everything up for a second...突然一个闪电瞬间照亮了一切。
例：The wire snapped at the wall plug with a blue flash and the light fused...墙上插头处的电线啪地发出一道蓝光，电灯的保险丝烧断了。
V-ERG
(使)闪光,(使)闪耀;(尤指)频闪
If a light flashes or if you flash a light, it shines with a sudden bright light, especially as quick, regular flashes of light.
例：Lightning flashed among the distant dark clouds...一道道电光在远处的乌云中闪现。
例：He lost his temper after a driver flashed her headlights as he overtook...一个女司机在他超车时不停地闪着车前灯，这让他火冒三丈。
N-COUNT
突发;忽然的一阵
You talk about a flash of something when you are saying that it happens very suddenly and unexpectedly.
例：'What did Moira tell you?' Liz demanded with a flash of anger...“莫伊拉跟你说什么啦？”利兹突然生气地质问道。
例：When pursued, he made his escape with a flash of speed...遭到追赶时，他突然飞速地逃脱了。
VERB
飞快移动;飞驰;掠过
If something flashes past or by, it moves past you so fast that you cannot see it properly.
例：It was a busy road, cars flashed by every few minutes.这是一条繁忙的道路，每隔几分钟就有汽车飞驰而过。
例：...the ball flashed across the face of the goal.球从球门前飞过。
VERB
突然闪过(脑海)
If something flashes through or into your mind, you suddenly think about it.
例：A ludicrous thought flashed through Harry's mind...一个荒谬的念头突然在哈里脑中闪现。
例：Those lines of Milton flashed into my mind.弥尔顿的那几行诗忽然在我脑中闪过。
VERB
一晃亮出;快速出示
If you flash something such as an identity card, you show it to people quickly and then put it away again.
例：Halim flashed his official card, and managed to get hold of a soldier to guard the Land Rover.哈利姆亮了一下他的军官证，设法找来了一名士兵看着路虎车。
V-ERG
(使)闪现;(使)出现;(使)显示
If a picture or message flashes up on a screen, or if you flash it onto a screen, it is displayed there briefly or suddenly, and often repeatedly.
例：The figures flash up on the scoreboard...数字显示在记分牌上。
例：The words 'Good Luck' were flashing on the screen...“祝您好运”几个字出现在屏幕上。
VERB
(通过计算机、卫星或其他系统)快速发送，迅速播出，传送
If you flash news or information to a place, you send it there quickly by computer, satellite, or other system.
例：They had told their offices to flash the news as soon as it broke...他们已经告诉各办公室，一有消息立即发布。
例：This is, of course, international news and soon it was being flashed around the world.当然，这是国际性新闻，很快就会传到世界各地。
VERB
瞥(一眼);投之(一笑)
If you flash a look or a smile at someone, you suddenly look at them or smile at them.
例：I flashed a look at Sue...我向休瞥了一眼。
例：Meg flashed Cissie a grateful smile.梅格冲茜茜感激地笑了一笑。
VERB
(眼睛尤因气愤)发光，发亮
If someone's eyes flash, they suddenly show a strong emotion, especially anger.
例：Her dark eyes flashed and she spoke rapidly.她飞快地说着，黑色的双眼放着光。
N-UNCOUNT
(摄影时的)闪光灯
Flash is the use of special bulbs to give more light when taking a photograph.
例：He was one of the first people to use high speed flash in bird photography.他是最先使用高速闪光灯拍摄鸟类的人之一。
N-COUNT
同 flashlight
A flash is the same as a flashlight .
例：Stopping to rest, Pete shut off the flash.皮特关掉手电筒，停下来休息。
ADJ-GRADED
奢华的;时髦的;新潮的
If you describe something as flash, you mean that it looks expensive, fashionable, and new.
例：...a flash uptown restaurant...城郊富人区的豪华饭店
例：You can go for a 'rostrum' system, which sounds flash, but can be assembled quite cheaply.可以去弄一个“指挥台”系统，它听起来很昂贵，但其实花不了多少钱就可以组装起来。
PHRASE
昙花一现
If you describe an achievement or success as a flash in the pan, you mean that it is unlikely to be repeated and is not an indication of future achievements or success.
例：People will be looking in to see how good we are now and whether our success has just been a flash in the pan.人们会来看看我们现在有多成功，看看我们的成功是否只是昙花一现。
PHRASE
转瞬;一瞬间
If you say that something happens in a flash, you mean that it happens suddenly and lasts only a very short time.
例：The answer had come to him in a flash...他一下子就有了答案。
例：It was done in a flash.一眨眼的工夫就完成了。
PHRASE
(反应)飞快，迅速
If you say that someone reacts to something quick as a flash, you mean that they react to it extremely quickly.
例：Quick as a flash, the man said, 'I have to, don't I?'那人立即说道：“我必须如此，是不是？”
PHRASAL VERB
突然记起;猛然想起;忽地记起
If your mind flashes back to something in the past, you remember it or think of it briefly or suddenly.
例：His mind kept flashing back to the previous night...他脑中不断回想起头天晚上发生的事。
例：Thoughts inevitably flash back to 1914, when trouble in this part of the Balkans led all the way to world war.这难免会令人想起1914年，那年巴尔干半岛上这一地区的动荡最终引发了世界大战。
n. 闪光； [建] 防水板；遮雨板
 - stroboflash, coruscation
adj. 闪烁的；闪光的
 - shot, glittery

Word: untrained
Front: untrained
[ˌʌnˈtreɪnd] (16040/18604)
Back: adj. 未受训练的，未经培养的; （动物）未驯服的
分布：未受过训练的(100%)
adjective
■never having been taught the skills for a particular job 未经训练的；未受培训的
• untrained staff 未经训练的员工
to the untrained eye
■to someone without the skill or knowledge to judge what they see 在外行看来
• To the untrained eye, most fake diamonds look real. 在外行眼里，大多数假钻石看上去和真的一样。
adj. 未经训练的
 - unbred

Word: hand-painted
Front: hand-painted
['hænd'peintid] None
Back: adj. 手工漆的，手工涂的
分布：手绘(100%)

Word: first-degree
Front: first-degree
[fə:st diˈɡri:] None
Back: adj. 最低级的，最轻度的，第一度的
ADJ
(犯罪)一级的，最严重的
In the United States, first-degree is used to describe crimes that are considered to be the most serious of their kind. For example, first-degree murder is when a murder is planned before it is carried out.
例：She was charged with first-degree murder...她被指控一级谋杀罪。
例：He pleaded guilty to a charge of first-degree robbery.他对一级抢劫罪的指控表示服罪。
ADJ
(烧伤)一级的，轻度的
A first-degree burn is one of the least severe kind, where only the surface layer of the skin has been burnt.

Word: abundantly
Front: abundantly
[əˈbʌndəntli] (托 16050/14238)
Back: adv. 丰富地; 大量地; 十分清楚; 非常明白
分布：大量地(63%)，丰富地(37%)
ADV
充分地;十分地
If something is abundantly clear, it is extremely obvious.
例：He made it abundantly clear that anybody who disagrees with his policies will not last long.他非常明确地表示任何不同意他政策的人都坚持不了多久。
ADV-GRADED
大量地;丰富地;充足地
Something that occurs abundantly is present in large quantities.
例：...a plant that grows abundantly in the United States...在美国大量生长的一种植物
例：All the pages are abundantly illustrated with colour photographs.每页都配有丰富的彩色照片。
adv. 丰富地；大量地
 - largely, freely, big, importantly, heavy

Word: placate
Front: placate
[pləˈkeɪt] (托宝 16057/14004 -1)
Vocabulary: placate
(once / 1215 pages)
v
When a husband shows up with flowers after he's fought with his wife, he's trying to placate her. If you placate someone, you stop them from being angry by giving them something or doing something that pleases them.
If your little sister is mad that the dog ate her favorite teddy bear, you could placate her by buying her an ice cream cone. A near synonym for placate is appease. The origin of placate is Latin placare "to calm or soothe." The related Latin verb placere is the source of English please.
WORD FAMILY
placate: placable, placated, placates, placating, placation, placative, placatory+/ implacable: implacably/placable: implacable /placating: placatingly/placation: placations/placative: placatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the crowd of pensioners in Athens on Thursday night was cynical about his promise to placate them with a one-off Christmas bonus.
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Worried personally and concerned about placating a nervous Warner Bros.,
Los Angeles Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Rather than trying to placate an angry legislator, Bloch defended NSF’s peer review process, considered the gold standard for identifying the best research proposals.
Science Magazine(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: vt. 安抚，抚慰，使平静; 使和解，平息
时态：placated, placating, placates
分布：抚慰(57%)，平息(28%)，和解(15%)
→来自拉丁语placate,安抚，取悦，来自plak,平的，来自pele,放平，展开，词源同please,place.词义由放平引申为放低身段，安抚等。
安慰,抚慰(plac+ate→使...平静)[plac=toplease,表示"取悦,使满意,使平静"]
【记】plac平静，ate－使平静－平息（怒火）
【参】implacable（adj 难以平息的）；complacent（adj 自满得意的）；placid（adj 平静的）
【反】antagonize（v 敌对）；peeve（v 使气恼）；gall（v 使烦恼）；rile（v 激怒）；foment（v 煽动）；surprise（v 使惊奇）
US ['pleɪ.keɪt] verb transitive
■to stop someone from feeling angry 平息，安抚
• Outraged minority groups will not be placated by promises of future improvements. 愤怒的少数民族无法以日后将进行改善的承诺获得安抚。
vt. 抚慰；怀柔；使和解
 - propitiate, reconcile

Word: tiring
Front: tiring
['taɪərɪŋ] (16053/11296 -K1)
Back: adj. 累人的; 令人疲倦的; 麻烦的，无聊的; 引起疲劳的
v. （使）疲劳( tire的现在分词); 对（做）某事感到厌倦
分布：令人疲倦的(37%)，麻烦的(36%)，无聊的(27%)
US ['taɪ-] adjective
 ADVANCED
■making you feel tired 令人疲倦的，累人的
• I've had a very tiring day. 我这一天过得很累。
• Looking after the kids is extremely tiring. 照顾小孩非常累人。
adj. 累人的；麻烦的；无聊的；引起疲劳的
 - tight, boring

Word: al-Qaeda
Front: al-Qaeda
None None
Back: n. 基地组织
分布：基地组织(100%)

Word: lenient
Front: lenient
[ˈli:niənt] (雅宝 16056/15286 -1)
Vocabulary: lenient
(once / 1904 pages)
adj
If you're not overly strict, and you show tolerance and mercy when someone does something wrong, you're being lenient.
Lenient means tolerant or relaxed, and is usually used when we’re talking about someone’s attitude toward discipline. In 19th-century child-rearing books, we often read about strict teachers who punish children just for squirming in their seats. These days teachers are more likely to be lenient, more understanding. If you're a big fan of discipline and punishment, however, lenient might mean "soft" or "indulgent."
WORD FAMILY
lenient: lenience, leniency, leniently+/ leniency: leniencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The original peace deal, rejected at a referendum on 2 October, was seen by many as too lenient towards the rebels.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Anderson ultimately rejected Baca’s plea deal, saying it was too lenient.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Others accused the court of being unnecessarily lenient on Lagarde.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 宽大的，仁慈的; <古>减轻痛苦的，缓解的; 宽容
分布：宽大的(61%)，仁慈的(39%)
→来自拉丁语lenis,温和的，宽容的，词源同let,lassitude.
【记】le乐，ni你，ent：你总是乐象米勒佛一样仁慈的。读：列宁t－宽大仁慈的
adjective
■not as severe or strong in punishment or judgment as would be expected （处罚或判决）宽容的，宽大的，从轻的
• They believe that judges are too lenient with terrorist suspects. 他们认为法官对恐怖嫌疑分子过于宽容。
• In view of the quantity of drugs involved, 16 years was the most lenient sentence (= punishment) the judge could impose. 就涉及的毒品数量而言，16年徒刑已是法官所能作出的最轻判决了。
adj. 宽大的；仁慈的
 - liberal, humane

Word: confirmed
Front: confirmed
[kənˈfɜ:md] (16059/18474 -1)
Back: adj. 确认的; 坚定的; 根深蒂固的
v. 批准(confirm的过去式和过去分词); 证实
分布：确认的(49%)，证实的(39%)，惯常的(12%)
坚定的;确认的[firm=firm,表示"坚定"]
US [-fɝ:md] adjective [before noun]
■describes someone who has had a particular habit or way of life for a long time and is unlikely to change 成习惯的；根深蒂固的；坚定的
• a confirmed bachelor/atheist/tea drinker 抱定独身主义的男子／坚定的无神论者／饮茶成癖的人
adj. 确认的；保兑的；坚定的；惯常的
 - committed, frequent, firm, stable, decisive
v. 确证；使坚定（confirm的过去分词）；批准
 - authorized

Word: commonwealth
Front: commonwealth
[ˈkɒmənwelθ] (研六雅宝 14121/3891 -2)
Vocabulary: commonwealth
(once / 457 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A commonwealth refers to any group of people organized under a single government, particularly a republic. If you live in the United States of America, you live in a commonwealth.
Comprised of the roots common, meaning "belonging to all," and wealth, meaning "happiness or riches," the word commonwealth originally referred to the government of England from 1649 to 1660. Nowadays, a commonwealth has come to mean any government in which all people involved have a say, or a loose formation of nations with a shared loyalty. It is also the official designation of a few states including, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia and some U.S. territories.
WORD FAMILY
commonwealth: commonwealths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some of the smaller organisations to receive donations include The Fell Pony Society, while larger organisations such as The Queen's Commonwealth Trust are also recipients.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
The 77-year-old is suffering from “severe dementia” and will not be charged with a crime, Alexandria Commonwealth’s Attorney Bryan Porter said Wednesday.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The Congress party politician was sacked from his Commonwealth role in 2011 and spent 10 months in jail before being freed on bail.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 共和国; 联邦; 团体; 协会
分布：联邦(96%)，联合体(4%)
→来自common和wealth的组合词，原指公共财富，公共福利，后用于指英联邦国家。
n.共和国,联邦,共同体The healer reveals an appealing fact that health is great wealth to the commonwealth.医治者揭示一个吸引人的事实:健康是联邦的巨大财富.
【记】common（adj 共同的）；wealth（n 财富）：共和国的全体国民拥有共同的财富。
US ['kɑ:.mən-] noun countable
■a country or part of a country that is governed by its people or representatives elected by its people 联邦；州；自治政区
formal
■a group of countries with the same political or economic aims （具有相同政治或经济目标的）国家联合体
n. 联邦；共和国；国民整体
 - republic, federation

Word: crashing
Front: crashing
['kræʃɪŋ] (16055/19058)
Back: adj. 绝对的，非凡的，彻底的
v. （使）猛撞， （使）撞毁( crash的现在分词 ); 撞坏; 猛冲直撞; 发出巨响
分布：彻底的(51%)，绝对的(33%)，非凡的(16%)
noun uncountable
■loud noises made when things break or fall （东西损坏或掉落时发出的）巨大声响
• I could hear crashing in the next room. 我能听到隔壁房间传来砰砰的巨响。
adj. 彻底的；最好的；猛撞的
 - thorough, greatest, complete, perfect, prime
v. 打碎（crash的ing形式）
 - battering

Word: unsolicited
Front: unsolicited
[ˌʌnsəˈlɪsɪtɪd] (16060/19177)
Vocabulary: unsolicited
(once / 7680 pages)
adj
Something unsolicited was not asked for and possibly not wanted. Unsolicited calls and advice come whether we want them or not.
One very common use of this word is in discussing "unsolicited advice" or feedback, which definitely has a negative spin. If someone is butting into your business, telling you what you should do, they're giving unsolicited advice. Junk mail is unsolicited. Phone calls trying to sell you something are unsolicited. Unsolicited seems negative, but it can be used positively. If you give compliments that are unsolicited, then you offer them spontaneously and honestly — that's something people like.
WORD FAMILY
unsolicited: unsolicitedly+/ solicit: solicitation, solicited, soliciting, solicitor, solicits/ solicitation: solicitations/solicited: unsolicited / solicitor: solicitors, solicitorship/solicitorship: solicitorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And the “silence and sighs”? The allegedly negative reaction was experienced by precisely one colleague on exactly one call, unsolicited by the Conways.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
“She’s been an unsolicited stylist, interior decorator and marriage counselor.”
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
The gift was unsolicited and was left anonymously.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 未被恳求的，主动提供的
分布：未经请求的(76%)，主动提供的(24%)
→un-, 不，非，solicited,请求的，要求的。
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■not requested 未经要求的；自发的
• unsolicited advice 主动提出的劝告
adj. 未经请求的；主动提供的
 - uninvited

Word: whirlpool
Front: whirlpool
[ˈwɜ:lpu:l] (宝 16038/15638 -1)
Vocabulary: whirlpool
(once / 2402 pages)
nv
When two water currents meet, they sometimes form a swirling, circular whirlpool. There are some small but very strong whirlpools at the bottom of Niagara Falls.
The way water moves in a circle as it drains out of your bathtub is a smaller version of what a whirlpool looks like in a large body of water. Whirlpools can be dangerous for swimmers and small boats, although larger ships aren't at any real risk of being sucked into a whirlpool, even a particularly large and powerful one — which can also be called a maelstrom.
WORD FAMILY
whirlpool: whirlpooling, whirlpools
USAGE EXAMPLES
But there’s a beautiful jewel at the vortex of each whirlpool that draws me in.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This campaign - rather than a full recall - was agreed with the trading standards department in Peterborough, close to Whirlpool's headquarters.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
“Where the Cannonball River joins the Missouri River … there used to be a whirlpool that created large, spherical sandstone formations,” Allard wrote in Yes!
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 漩涡，涡流; 混乱，纷乱
分布：漩涡(100%)
→比喻用法。
【记】whirl（v /n 旋转），pool（n 池塘）：漩涡
US ['wɝ:l-] noun countable
■a small area of the sea or other water in which there is a powerful, circular current of water which can pull objects down into its centre 漩涡
n. 漩涡，涡流；混乱，纷乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix

Word: class-action

Word: layman
Front: layman
[ˈleɪmən] (研六托雅宝 16061/11574 -1)
Vocabulary: layman
(once / 1414 pages)
n
A layman might have a small amount of knowledge about something, but she isn't officially trained in the subject. If you need brain surgery, don't consult a layman; stick to a professional brain surgeon.
Use the noun layman to describe your brother, who is an amateur bird watcher rather than a professional ornithologist. The word layman is most often used to contrast with expert or professional. Another way to use it is to distinguish between a member of the clergy — a priest or minister, for example — and an ordinary church member, or layman.
WORD FAMILY
layman: laymen
USAGE EXAMPLES
“He’s a real good thrower of the football, in layman’s terms,” Godsey said.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
In layman’s terms, the injection of funds will allow teams to bolster the league’s upper-middle-class — the Osvaldo Alonsos and Roman Torres’ of the world.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Both Good and Layman said there are clients who want decorations put up before Thanksgiving.
Washington Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 门外汉，外行; 俗人; 一般信徒
分布：门外汉(100%)
n.外行He is a layman in politics.他对政治是个门外汉.
['leɪ.mən] (also layperson)
noun countable
CHURCH 教堂
■someone who is part of a religious organization but who is not paid or specially trained 普通教徒，平信徒
['leɪ.mən] (also layperson)
noun countable
NOT TRAINED 未经训练的
■someone who is not trained in or does not have a detailed knowledge of a particular subject 外行，门外汉
n. 外行；门外汉；俗人；一般信徒
 - layperson, lay people

Word: engross
Front: engross
[ɪnˈgrəʊs] (托雅宝 16062/15345)
Vocabulary: engross
(once / 916 pages)
v
Engross is a verb that means to consume all of your attention or time. Once you engross yourself in the culture of high salaries and unlimited spending accounts, it's hard to go back to cooking at a sandwich shop.
Engross first came into English in the 1400s from the Old French word en gros, meaning "in bulk, at wholesale." By the 1700s the word had taken on the meaning of "absorb the whole attention." Immersing yourself fully in something can be good or bad. If you're studying Shakespeare, you want the plays to engross you so you don't lose focus. But if your video games engross you so much that you forget to shower or eat, that's a problem.
WORD FAMILY
engross: engrossed, engrosses, engrossing, engrossment+/ engrossed: engrossedly/engrossing: engrossingly/engrossment: engrossments/ gross: engross, grossed, grosser, grosses, grossest, grossing, grossly, grossness, subgross/grossness: grossnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet “Timber City” should engross those who don’t mind an exhibition that’s more text than pictures, more ideas than artifacts.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
We’ve talked a bit about Search Party, which wholly engrossed me for a day with its oddball mystery and that great, divisive ending.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
The New York Times called it “an engrossing and remarkably mature first novel.”
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 使全神贯注
时态：engrossed, engrossing, engrosses
分布：使全神贯注(45%)，用大字体书写(26%)，独占(21%)，正式誊写(8%)
→en-, 进入，使。gross, 总的，全部的。
正式写成(议案、决议等);大量(或全部)收买,独占[gross=great(大)]
【记】en进入，gross（adj 总的；总额）－全部进入状态－使全神贯注
vt. 使全神贯注；用大字体书写；正式写成（决议等）；独占；吸引
 - absorb, attract, draw, engage

Word: bankrupt
Front: bankrupt
[ˈbæŋkrʌpt] (研六托雅宝 8878/7629 -2)
Vocabulary: bankrupt
(once / 450 pages)
adjvn
You might not have any money in your pocket, but it doesn’t necessarily mean you are bankrupt. It takes a legal proceeding for the courts to declare a person bankrupt — or officially unable to pay his debts.
Despite the word bank in bankrupt, the word can be used to describe an entity that is short of something other than money. A bankrupt nation might not have the natural resources for its people to produce goods. A nearby country that could easily help but chooses not to may be considered morally bankrupt because of its lack of compassion. Or, maybe there is more to the story. That nation might fear that helping another will bankrupt its own shaky economy. (That is how bankrupt can be used as a verb.)
WORD FAMILY
bankrupt: bankruptcy, bankrupted, bankrupting, bankrupts+/ bankruptcy: bankruptcies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Certainly there was personal enmity between Hamilton and the bankrupt “voluptuary” he called Burr.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“The old system was bankrupt,” Roizman said in an interview.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
“Nothing justifies this disaster that is bankrupting the country. We’re spending the holidays in line. They will not be very joyful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 破产的，倒闭的; 完全缺乏的; （名誉）扫地的，（智力等）完全丧失的; 垮了的，枯竭的
n. 破产者; 无力偿还债务者; 丧失（名誉，智力等）的人
vt. 使破产，使枯竭，使极端贫困
时态：bankrupted, bankrupting, bankrupts
分布：破产的(72%)，破产者(11%)，使破产(9%)，枯竭的(4%)，无知的人(3%)，道德败坏的(1%)
→bank, 凳子。词根rupt, 破，见corrupt. 来自14世纪时威尼斯货币商人如破产则砸碎凳子。
破产的(bank柜台+rupt→柜台断了→破产了)[rupt=break,表示"断裂"]
破产者(bank椅子-柜台+rupt断-柜台断 了-破产)[bank=bench(长椅)]
a.破产的;彻底缺乏的vt.使破产n.破产者Thanks to the bankrupt banker, my ankle avoided an injury.多亏那位破产的银行家,我的脚踝免受伤害.
【记】bank银行，rupt断－银行断了－破产
【参】corruption（n 腐败）；interrupt（v 打断）
adjective
 ADVANCED legal
■unable to pay what you owe, and having control of your financial matters given, by a court of law, to a person who sells your property to pay your debts 破产的，资不抵债的
• He went bankrupt after only a year in business. 他仅仅做了一年的生意就破产了。
• The recession has led to many small businesses going bankrupt. 经济不景气导致许多小企业破产。
■informal
■having no money 无钱的
• I shall go bankrupt if you children keep on asking for more pocket money! 如果你们几个孩子不断地向我要零用钱，我会破产的！
■disapproving
■not having a particular quality 缺乏…的
• He believes that modern society is morally bankrupt. 他认为现代社会道德沦亡。
['bæŋ.krʌpt] noun countable legal
■a person who is officially bankrupt 破产者
• He was declared a bankrupt in 1991. 1991年他被宣告破产。
['bæŋ.krʌpt] verb transitive legal
■to cause someone to become bankrupt 使某人破产
• They feared that the loss would bankrupt them. 他们担心这笔损失会使他们破产。
adj. [经] 破产的
 - broke, belly-up
vt. [经] 使破产
 - put out of business, bust
n. [经] 破产者
 - insolvent

Word: embattled
Front: embattled
[ɪmˈbætld] (16063/20566 -1)
Back: adj. （与敌人或批评者）处于交战中的，受围攻的; 严阵以待的
v. 列阵(embattle的过去式和过去分词); 布阵; 严阵以待; 整军备战
分布：严阵以待的(48%)，被敌人围困的(41%)，动词embattle的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
→em-, 进入，使。battle，战斗。
US [-'bætˌ-] adjective
■having a lot of problems or difficulties 危机四伏的；处境艰难的
• an embattled government 危机四伏的政府
• embattled teachers 焦头烂额的老师
adj. 严阵以待的；被敌人围困的；心烦意乱的；边缘呈雉形的
 - distraught

Word: snarl
Front: snarl
[snɑ:l] (托宝 12288/10745 -1)
Vocabulary: snarl
(once / 699 pages)
1vn 2vn
To snarl or make a snarl is to growl like an angry dog or speak abruptly and aggressively. A snarl can also be something tangled or confused.
If you've ever heard a dog growl, then you know what a snarl is: a dog's snarl says, "Back off!" When people snarl, they speak in an angry way that isn't shouting but sounds mean. A human snarl is abrupt, sharp, and unfriendly. Another sense of the word is when something gets mixed up, like if wires get tangled together: that tangle is called a snarl. This meaning comes from the earliest use of snarl, "a snare or a noose."
WORD FAMILY
snarl: ensnarl, snarled, snarling, snarls, snarly, unsnarl+/ ensnarl: ensnarled, ensnarling/snarled: snarleder/unsnarl: unsnarled, unsnarling, unsnarls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gleaming with rain, it rose up snarling, as if struggling to escape the earth.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
It is wonderful to see Cushing, replete with snarling lip and piercing stare, back in the franchise that relaunched his career.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Many Portland commuters left work early, hoping to beat the storm, but they were soon stuck in snarled traffic.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. （动物的）龇牙低吼，愤怒叫嚷（声）; 咆哮（声）; 混乱; 缠结
vi. （指狗）吠，嗥叫，（人）咆哮; 缠结; 混乱
vt. 咆哮着说，厉声地说; 搞乱; 使缠结
时态：snarled, snarling, snarls
分布：咆哮(37%)，混乱(17%)，吼叫(13%)，缠结(13%)，怒骂(12%)，纠缠(4%)，嚎叫(4%)
→来自中古英语 snarlen,缠结，来自 snare,编网，织网，-le,表反复。
【记】源于：snare罗网容易纠缠在一起
【反】disentangle（v 解脱；解开纠结）
US [snɑ:rl] verb intransitive or transitive
■(especially of dogs) to make a deep rough sound while showing the teeth, usually in anger or (of people) to speak or say something angrily and forcefully （尤指狗）龇牙低吼；（人）咆哮，吼叫
• The dogs started to snarl at each other so I had to separate them. 两条狗开始互相龇牙低吼，所以我不得不把它们分开。
• [+ speech] "Go to hell!", he snarled. “下地狱去吧！”他咆哮道。
UK [snɑ:l] US [snɑ:rl] noun countable
■a deep rough sound, usually made in anger 嗥叫；咆哮
• The dog gave a low snarl so I quickly drew my hand back. 那只狗低吼了一声，我就赶快把手抽了回来。
• "Take your hands off me!" she said with a snarl. “把你的手拿开！”她吼道。
n. 咆哮；怒骂；混乱
 - chaos, disorder, confusion, involvement, mix
vi. 咆哮；怒骂；缠结
 - gnar, huff and puff
vt. 搞乱；咆哮着说；使…缠结
 - gum up, bolix

Word: stipulation
Front: stipulation
[ˌstɪpjʊ'leɪʃn] (托宝 16026/14812)
Vocabulary: stipulation
(once / 2312 pages)
n
If all stipulations aren't met, the deal's off. By not reading the contract's fine print, you overlooked the stipulation that you perform in a clown suit. At least you can juggle.
The Latin root of stipulation is stipulat-, meaning “demanded as a formal promise.” The judge might allow you to go free, with the stipulation that you never again go swimming in a public fountain. A nightly foot massage could be one of many stipulations detailed in your “dating agreement.” Right or left tonight?
WORD FAMILY
stipulation: stipulations+/ stipulate: stipulated, stipulates, stipulating, stipulation, stipulatory
USAGE EXAMPLES
The only stipulation of the Kucera gift is that the museum keeps at least one tractor on display.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
One of the stipulations will be his tenure with his current team.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
One major limitation was the stipulation that devices must be operated remotely by a human pilot.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 契约，规定，条文; 条款说明
分布：规定(80%)，条款(16%)，契约(4%)
【反】tacit requirement（心照不宣的要求）
[ˌstɪp.jʊ'leɪ.ʃən] formal
noun countable or uncountable
■when someone says exactly how something must be done 规定，约定；明确要求
• Is there any stipulation as regards qualifications? 资格方面有甚么明确要求吗？
• [+ that] The only stipulation is that candidates must be over the age of 35. 唯一的规定是候选人必须年满35岁。
n. 规定；约定； [法] 条款；契约
 - provision, item, convention, do, appointment

Word: sassy
Front: sassy
[ˈsæsi] (15924/39462)
Vocabulary: sassy
(once / 9322 pages)
adj
Sassy means "bold or fresh." If you see your teacher in the grocery store with her attractive, well-dressed husband and you charge right over to say, "Who's the hunk?" that's being very sassy.
Sassy comes from saucy, as in: bold, spicy, and impertinent. It's fun to be sassy when talking with friends, but when you start saying things to teachers, bosses, and other people's parents that would embarrass a more timid or manners-minded person, you probably have crossed the line from sassy to inappropriate. The same goes for sassy dressers — you have to know when to leave the neon heels at home.
WORD FAMILY
sassy: sassier, sassiest, sassily+/sass: sassed, sasses, sassing, sassy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Unlike “sarcastic” or “snarky,” which imply a certain authority, “sassy” suggests impudence.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
Williams plays his ex-wife; she is sassy, rumpled, no-nonsense, with splotchy roots.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Within Kate’s orbit are her sassy co-worker, her kind boss, her aforementioned sister and two college girlfriends.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. <非正，美> <贬>粗鲁的; 无礼的; <褒>时髦的; 漂亮的
分布：无礼的(43%)，时髦的(36%)，充满活力的(21%)
['sæs.i] mainly US informal
adjective
■rude and showing no respect 粗鲁的，无礼的
• a sassy young girl 粗鲁的小姑娘
■fashionable, attractive or confident 时髦的；迷人的；自信的
• a sassy little black dress 时髦的黑色小裙子
adj. 无礼的；时髦的；活泼的；厚脸皮的
 - alive, modern, fashionable, lively, tony

Word: unstoppable
Front: unstoppable
[ʌnˈstɒpəbl] (16065/18467 -1)
Back: adj. 无法停止的，不可阻碍的
分布：无法停止的(59%)，无法阻碍的(41%)
US [-'stɑ:.pə-] adjective
■unable to be stopped or prevented from developing 不能阻止的；无法遏制的；不可阻挡的
• The band has enjoyed a seemingly unstoppable rise in popularity. 这个乐队人气飙升，大有不可阻挡之势。

Word: psycho
Front: psycho
[ˈsaɪkəʊ] (16035/25615 -1)
Vocabulary: psycho
(once / 14450 pages)
n
Psycho is a slang term for someone who is mentally unstable or afflicted with a psychosis. Your best friend risks looking like a psycho if she keeps stalking her ex-boyfriend months after their breakup.
Psycho comes from the Greek word psykho, which means mental. Although the word has long been used as a prefix in words like psychologist, the pejorative term for a psychopath has only existed since the twentieth century. The word gained further notoriety after the 1960 release of Alfred Hitchcock's thriller, "Psycho." If you're always describing your boss as a psycho, you might want to think about looking for a new job.
WORD FAMILY
psycho: psychos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her glamorous mother starred in Orson Welles’s Touch of Evil, but is forever the doomed woman in the shower in Psycho.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
His Royal Highness, the man who rules the nation of Sicilia, is a psycho.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Only the vocals remained in a version of Talking Heads’ “Psycho Killer,” although the Clash’s “Straight to Hell” was pruned less radically.
Washington Post(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 精神病患者; 精神分析
adj. 神智不正常的; 发疯的
分布：精神病患者(53%)，心灵的(19%)，表示“精神的(19%)，心理的”(9%)
→缩写自psychopathic.
US [-koʊ] (plural psychos) informal
noun countable
■someone who is crazy and frightening 精神失常者，精神病人，变态人格者
• The man's a psycho. 那个男子是个精神病人。
n. 心理分析，精神分析；精神病患者
 - mental, madman
adj. 精神病的；精神病学的
 - insane, phrenetic

Word: jogger
Front: jogger
[ˈdʒɒgə(r)] (16048/21580)
Back: n. 慢跑锻炼者
分布：慢跑者(100%)
→来自jog,慢跑。
US ['dʒɑ:.gɚ] noun countable
■someone who is running at a slow regular speed as a form of exercise 慢跑者
n. 慢跑者； [印刷] 撞纸机
 - canterer

Word: insurrection
Front: insurrection
[ˌɪnsəˈrekʃn] (宝 16043/15574 -1)
Vocabulary: insurrection
(once / 646 pages)
n
Insurrection is an uprising against a larger force that's in power. An insurrection can lead to revolution, but it is just as likely to be put down.
Other words for insurrection include rebellion, revolt and uprising, the last of which is the translation of insurrection's Latin roots. The Boston Tea Party is probably the most famous American act of insurrection. One who rises up in insurrection is called an insurgent by the force they are rising against. Like Paul Revere, insurgents are often called heroes by the people they are rising up to support.
WORD FAMILY
insurrection: insurrectional, insurrectionary, insurrectionism, insurrectionist, insurrections+/insurrectional: insurrectionally/insurrectionist: insurrectionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was repeatedly transferred among Sicilian prisons for bad conduct, with prison records saying he bullied inmates and tried to spark insurrections.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Prison records say he bullied inmates and tried to spark insurrections.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
In “Nat Turner’s Insurrection,” an 1861 essay by the abolitionist Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Turner’s wife is a slave who belonged to a different master.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 造反; 暴动; 叛乱
分布：叛乱(50%)，暴动(50%)
→in-,进入，使，向上，sur-,向上，-rect,树立，词源同surge,insurgent.引申词义起义，叛乱。
【记】in里面，sur下面，rect竖直，站，ion－国家里面的下等人站直了－造反
【参】rectitude（n 正直；公正）；resurrect（v 复兴；复活）
US [-sɚ-] noun countable or uncountable
■an organized attempt by a group of people to defeat their government and take control of their country, usually by violence 起义，暴动，造反，叛乱
• armed insurrection 武装暴动
n. 暴动；叛乱
 - rebellion, sedition

Word: bassist
Front: bassist
[ˈbeɪsɪst] (16033/29141)
Back: n. 低音歌手，低音乐器的演奏者
分布：低音歌手(67%)，低音乐器演奏者(33%)
noun countable
■someone who plays either the bass guitar or the double bass 低音吉他手；低音提琴手

Word: divine
Front: divine
[dɪˈvaɪn] (研六雅宝 4052/4739 -2)
Vocabulary: divine
(once / 89 pages)
nadjv
"To err is human, to forgive divine" means that everyone makes mistakes, but we should try to be like god and forgive one another. Divine basically means relating to, coming from, or like God or a god.
Divine also has an old-fashioned and informal meaning of being very good or pleasing, as in "She looked absolutely divine in her blue and white gown." This is an adjective that goes back to Middle English, borrowed from Old French devine, from Latin dīvīnus "divine, foreseeing," from dīvus "god."
WORD FAMILY
divine: divination, divinatory, divined, divinely, diviner, divines, divinest, divining, diviningly, divinity +/ divination: divinations/diviner: diviners/ divinity: divinities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in later prophetic books the divine voice grows quieter.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The harmony that was created when they laughed simultaneously was close to divine.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Of course, many of the city’s old guard still think the Reagan era was just divine.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 神的， 天赐的; 极好的; 神圣的
vt. &vi. 占卜，预言; 猜测， 预测; （用丫形杖）探测（地下水）
n. 牧师; 神学家
时态：divined, divining, divines
分布：神圣的(45%)，神的(38%)，预言(6%)，牧师(4%)，理解(3%)，神学家(3%)，推断(1%)
→来自dyeu, 照耀，神，词源同diva, divine,Zeus.即神灵的，能预测未来的。
a.神的,神授的,天赐的;极好的,极美的People used to believe in the divine right of kings.过去人们相信君权神授.
adjective
GOD-LIKE 似神一样的
■connected with a god, or like a god 神的；像神一样的
• The Ayatollah described the earthquake in Iran as a divine test. 那位阿亚图拉把伊朗发生的地震说成是神的一次考验。
• Some fans seem to regard footballers as divine beings. 有些球迷似乎把球员神化了。
• England have fallen so far behind in the championship that their only hope of victory is divine intervention (= help from God). 英格兰队在此次锦标赛中的名次已经远远落后了，他们获胜的唯一希望就是要靠神来帮忙了。
• Just because you've been promoted that doesn't give you a divine right (= one like that of a god) to tell us all what to do. 获得晋升并不等于你有权像神一样对我们发号施令。
[dɪ'vaɪn] adjective
SPLENDID 极佳的 old-fashioned
■extremely good, pleasant or enjoyable 极好的，美妙的，美好的
• We had a perfectly divine time in Switzerland. 我们在瑞士渡过了一段非常美好的时光。
• Their new house is quite divine! 他们的新房子相当棒！
[dɪ'vaɪn] verb
GUESS 猜测
transitive
■to guess something 猜，猜测；估计
• [+ that] I divined from his grim expression that the news was not good. 他的表情很严肃，我猜不是甚么好消息。
[dɪ'vaɪn] verb
SEARCH 搜索
intransitive or transitive
■to search for water or minerals underground by holding horizontally in your hands a Y-shaped rod or stick, the end of which suddenly points down slightly when water or minerals are below it （用丫形杖）探测（地下水或矿藏）
• a divining rod 探矿杖
divine, holy, sacred
这组词都有“神圣的”的意思，其区别是：
divine: 指来源于神或神有关，侧重神性；在现代英语中指绝妙或非人世所有的事物。
holy: 可与sacred换用，但holy侧重于内含一种神圣的本质，使之值得崇拜，通常具有传统、世袭或固有的性质。
sacred: 指由于是献给上帝或神的事物，因而是神圣的，不容亵渎；也指被普遍视为神圣不可侵犯的东西。
adj. 神圣的；非凡的；天赐的；极好的
 - remarkable, extraordinary, wonderful, excellent, famous
vt. 占卜；预言；用占卜勘探
 - predict, prognosticate
vi. 占卜；预言；使用占卜勘探矿
 - soothsay
n. 牧师；神学家
 - minister, priest, preacher

Word: matter-of-factly
Front: matter-of-factly
[ˌmætərəfˈfæktlɪ] None
Back: adv. 实事求是地，切合实际地，就事论事地
分布：实事求是地(40%)，实际地(40%)，不带感情地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
不动感情的;平静的
If you describe a person as matter-of-fact, you mean that they show no emotions such as enthusiasm, anger, or surprise, especially in a situation where you would expect them to be emotional.
例：John was doing his best to give Francis the news in a matter-of-fact way...约翰尽量不露声色地把消息告诉弗朗西斯。
例：He sounded matter-of-fact and unemotional.他语气平静，毫不动情。

Word: twinge
Front: twinge
[twɪndʒ] (宝 16020/20779)
Back: n. 阵痛; 刺痛; 一阵思绪（通常指不快的）; 痛苦
vt. & vi. （使）感到剧痛，（使）刺痛
时态：twinged, twingeing, twinges
分布：刺痛(74%)，(生理(13%)，心理上的)剧痛(13%)
→来自古英语 twengan,掐，拧，来自 Proto-Germanic*twangjan,掐，拧，来自 twengh,拧， 挤压，可能来自 dwo,二，词源同 thong,two,twine.
【记】twi＝twist扭，wing翅，e：翅膀被扭－剧痛
noun countable
■a sudden short feeling of physical or mental pain 剧痛，刺痛；痛苦，难过
• I felt a twinge in my knee. 我感到膝盖一阵剧痛。
• He was feeling twinges from a calf injury after 20 minutes of the game. 比赛20分钟后，他感到受伤的小腿剧痛。
• I admit I felt a twinge of guilt as we left. 我承认，在我们离开时，我感到非常内疚。
n. 阵痛；悔恨
 - compunction, throe
vi. 刺痛；感到剧痛
 - smart, bite

Word: windowless
Front: windowless
[ˈwɪndəʊləs] (16072/22741)
Back: 无窗的
分布：无窗的(100%)

Word: hostel
Front: hostel
[ˈhɒstl] (16015/6011 -2)
Vocabulary: hostel
(once / 5817 pages)
n
If you backpack around Europe and are traveling on a budget, you will probably want to stay in a hostel, an inexpensive lodging made typically for young travelers willing to sleep in dorms.
The word hostel comes from the Latin hospitale meaning "inn, large house." Think of a hostel as an inn for students or young people. Often you can stay in one of these places for relatively little money because multiple beds are in one room and you share the bathroom with other guests. If you want to meet traveling students, you could try opening a youth hostel in your home town.
WORD FAMILY
hostel: hostels
USAGE EXAMPLES
We borrowed gear, waited all year for Aldi specials on kids’ snowboots and booked a family room in the youth hostel.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
When we spoke by phone in mid-November, he was in a hostel in Talence, Bordeaux.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
His addiction led his wife to seek a separation.  He sleeps in a grubby, $1.40-a-night hostel for musicians in a crime-ridden part of southern Tehran.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 旅社，招待所; 〈英古〉旅馆; 〈英〉大学宿舍
vi. 留宿于招待所
分布：招待所(89%)，住招待所(11%)
→来自古法语hostel,客店，寄宿处，来自拉丁语hospes,客人，来自ghostis,外来人，陌生人，词源同guest.
US ['hɑ:.stəl] noun countable
■a large house where people can stay free or cheaply （免费或廉价的）旅社，客栈
• a student hostel 学生旅社
Compare hotel UK (US shelter)
■a building where people with no home can live for a short time （无家可归者的）收容所
• a hostel for the homeless 无家可归者的收容所
• a Salvation Army hostel 救世军收容所
n. 旅社，招待所（尤指青年旅社）
 - resthouse

Word: subtext
Front: subtext
[ˈsʌbtekst] (16079/34140)
Back: n. 潜在的意思，潜台词
分布：潜台词(87%)，潜在的意思(13%)
→sub-,在下，text,文本。引申词义潜台词。
noun countable
■a hidden or less obvious meaning 潜在含义，潜台词； 弦外之音
• The political subtext of her novel is a criticism of government interference in individual lives. 她那部小说的政治弦外之音是批评政府对个人生活的干预。

Word: semi-automatic
Front: semi-automatic
[ˈsemi ˌɔ:təˈmætik] None
Back: 半自动的
分布：半自动的(100%)
US [-ɑ:.tˌə'mætˌ-] adjective
■partly automatic 半自动的
• a semi-automatic gearbox/shotgun 半自动变速箱／猎枪
adj. 半自动的
 - aided, autoloading

Word: lumber
Front: lumber
[ˈlʌmbə(r)] (研四六托宝 6984/18664 -1)
Vocabulary: lumber
(once / 602 pages)
1nv 2v 3n
Do you move clumsily, heavily and slowly, without a shred of grace? Then it sounds like you might lumber. Sorry to hear that.
Lots of other words and phrases are associated with our friend lumber. Particularly large or tall people are almost inevitably said to lumber, as the common phrase "lumbering giant," attests. You never hear of a tip-toeing giant, but some of them must. Lumberjack, meaning someone who cuts down trees, is another. Often lumber, in the sense of planks of wood, is interchangeable with the word timber.
WORD FAMILY
lumber: lumbered, lumbering, lumbers+/ lumbering: lumberingly, lumberings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Iames would collect old lumber to build skis, lawn ornaments and doorstops to earn extra money as a child.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The Iraqi special forces are trying to compensate for lumbering armored military units.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The only thing more bleak and dated than the duskier varieties of wood is lumber with a past.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 木材; 隆隆声; 废物
vt. & vi. 砍伐; 笨重地行进; 胡乱堆积
时态：lumbered, lumbering, lumbers
分布：木材(79%)，木料(10%)，伐木(6%)，拖累(4%)，缓慢地移动(1%)
→来自lame,跛的，-er,表反复，引申词义吃力的走。木材义词源不详，可能来自timber,字母t,l音变，比较language,tongue,并由木材引申词义大件物品等。
n.木材v.伐木,乱堆,隆隆地移动The room is lumbered with numerous cucumbers.房间里乱堆着大量黄瓜.
【记】lumber＝timber（n 木料）走路象笨重的木料：沉重、缓慢地移动
【参】lumberjack（n 伐木工人）
【反】glide（v /n 滑行）
US [-bɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move slowly and awkwardly 缓慢笨拙地移动
• In the distance, we could see a herd of elephants lumbering across the plain. 我们可以看见远处有一群大象缓缓穿过平原。
UK ['lʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
  Phrasal Verbs  lumber sb with sth mainly UK informal
■If you are/get lumbered with something, you have to deal with something or someone that you do not want to 使（某人）不得不面对，迫使（某人）应付
• I always seem to get lumbered with the job of clearing up after a party. 每次派对结束后我似乎总要被抓住打扫。
UK ['lʌm.bər] US [-bɚ] noun uncountable mainly US
■wood that has been prepared for building 木材，木料
timber, wood, lumber, log
这组词都有“木材”的意思，其区别是：
timber: 指经过匠人初步加要的备用木材，多用于英国英语。
wood: 最普通用词，含义广，除表示“木材，木”外，还可用复数形式表示森林。
lumber: 指伐下后未经削磨的木材，现多用于美国英语中。
log: 指原木或圆木。
vi. 伐木；喧闹地向前走；笨重地行动，缓慢地移动
 - log
n. [木] 木材；废物，无用的杂物；隆隆声
 - wood, waste, timber, refuse, garbage

Word: extradition
Front: extradition
[ˌekstrə'dɪʃn] (16030/13256)
Vocabulary: extradition
(once / 4059 pages)
n
A legal word, extradition means sending someone back to the country or state where they've been accused of a crime. Getting countries to agree on the terms of extradition can take years.
It can be hard enough for lawyers in the U.S. to agree on a person's extradition from one state to another, so you can imagine how difficult it can be for officials from different countries. Extradition can have real consequences for the person being extradited. Suppose the laws there allow for the death penalty: a person accused of a capital crime would be smart to fight extradition to that place. The Latin prefix ex- means "from, out of," and trāditiōn- means "handing over," so extradition is the handing-over of someone from one jurisdiction to another.
WORD FAMILY
extradition: extraditions+/ extradite: extradited, extradites, extraditing, extradition
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in February, Mr. Su waived his challenge to extradition and cut a deal with the United States.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Bail was set at $1.1 million cash for Reed, who is awaiting extradition from Delaware.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
“We kept the originals and we will submit those to Tonga upon his extradition,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （根据条约或法令对逃犯等的）引渡
分布：引渡逃犯(72%)，将亡命者送还本国(28%)
引渡(extradite+ion)[don,dit=give,表示"给予"]
VERB
引渡
If someone is extradited, they are officially sent back to their own or another country to be tried for a crime that they have been accused of.
例：He was extradited to Britain from the Irish Republic to face explosives charges...他被从爱尔兰共和国引渡到英国，面临爆炸罪的指控。
例：The authorities refused to extradite him.当局拒绝引渡他。

Word: bourgeoisie
Front: bourgeoisie
[ˌbʊəʒwɑ:ˈzi:] (16014/8283 -1)
Vocabulary: bourgeoisie
(once / 3307 pages)
n
This word is used to describe a class of people who fall somewhere between the lowest and highest classes. Bourgeoisie is often used insultingly.
In between the very poor and the super rich is the bourgeoisie. People have traditionally viewed the bourgeoisie as kind of crass and pretentious. The word yuppie could be a more contemporary synonym for bourgeoisie. In communist writing, the bourgeoisie are the capitalist class, as opposed to the workers (the proletariat). Most people in the bourgeoisie would probably deny that they are, just like many very rich people would rather say they are middle class.
WORD FAMILY
bourgeoisie: bourgeoisies
USAGE EXAMPLES
She then sings a song about the ennui of middle-aged womanhood and her disillusionment with the bourgeoisie who surround her privileged 1970s Manhattan life.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
His biological parents are affluent bourgeoisie who had been tirelessly searching for him since his disappearance, and his return leaves them overjoyed.
New York Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Students began writing essays asking, “What good is this music, these empty enchantments, that only entrench the bourgeoisie and isolate the poor?”
New York Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 资产阶级; 中产阶级
分布：资产阶级(92%)，中产阶级(8%)
N-SING-COLL
（马克思主义理论中的）资产阶级
In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie are the middle-class people who own most of the wealth in a capitalist system.
例：...the suppression of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie.资产阶级对无产阶级的压迫

Word: feast
Front: feast
[fi:st] (高研四六雅 5910/5626 -2)
Vocabulary: feast
(once / 167 pages)
1nv 2nv
A feast is a huge, delicious meal that's served at a party or celebration. You might have a feast to celebrate the last day of school every year.
You can use the word feast in several different ways. It's good for describing the meal you eat at a party, or as a verb meaning "to eat in celebration." You might feast for several days during your family reunion. You can also use feast figuratively to mean a delight, as when you say, "Your garden is a feast for the eyes, Grandma." The Latin root, festa, means "holidays or feasts," from festus, "festive, joyful, or merry."
WORD FAMILY
feast: feasted, feasting, feasts+/feasting: feastings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Tuesday’s celebration included dance, song, prayer, drumming and ended with a feast to share the harvest.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Many who left Mosul hope that their city, battered by years of war and brutalized by IS, will retain its immoveable feast.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
You might as well be feasting in a Vegas casino, surrounded by desert.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 盛会; 宴会; 宗教节日; 使人欢快的事物（或活动）
vi. 大吃大喝，享用美食; 参加宴会
vt. 款待（某人），宴请（某人）
时态：feasted, feasting, feasts
分布：宴会(74%)，酒席(11%)，享乐(5%)，节会(4%)，请客(4%)，款宴(2%)
→来自festival, 宗教节日，节日。引申词义盛宴。
n.节日;宴会On the eastern Easter feast, at least one beast's breasts were tested with yeast.在东部复活节宴会上,至少有一头牲畜的乳房被用酵母做了试验.
noun
FOOD 食物
countable
■a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people 盛宴；宴会
• "What a feast!" she said, surveying all the dishes on the table. “多丰盛的宴席啊！”她一边打量着桌上的菜肴，一边说道。
• a wedding feast 婚宴
[fi:st] noun
ENJOYABLE THING 享受的事物
only singular
■a very enjoyable experience for the senses, especially a visual or musical experience （感官）享受
• a visual feast 视觉盛宴
• His food is a feast for the eyes as well as the palate. 他做的菜既赏心悦目又让人大饱口福。
only singular
■a collection of something to be enjoyed 令人喜爱的事物
• The team contains a veritable feast of international talent. 这个团队里有一批名副其实的国际人才。
[fi:st] noun
CELEBRATION 庆祝
countable
■a day on which a religious event or person is remembered and celebrated （宗教）节日
• the Feast of St James/the Passover 圣雅各节／逾越节
• a Muslim feast day 一个穆斯林节日
[fi:st] verb
feast your eyes on sth/sb literary
■to look at someone or something with great enjoyment 尽情欣赏；看到…大饱眼福
• As you cruise the waterways, feast your eyes on the gorgeous views of the illuminated city. 沿水路乘船漫游时，尽管饱览城市灯火辉煌的绚丽景色吧。
[fi:st] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  feast on sth literary
■to eat a lot of good food and enjoy it very much 尽情享用（美味佳肴）
• We feasted on smoked salmon and champagne. 我们尽情享用了熏鲑鱼和香槟。
dinner, feast, banquet, party
这组词都有“宴会”的意思，其区别是：
dinner: 普通用词，含义广。本义指一日的主餐，但多用于指宴请客人的正式的一餐。
feast: 指筵席酒席，有时可与banquet换用，但前者强调共享欢乐的气氛。
banquet: 指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴。
party: 指一般的社交聚会，也引申指宴请或宴会。
vt. 享受；款待，宴请
 - enjoy, guest
n. 筵席，宴会；节日
 - festival, holiday
vi. 享受；参加宴会
 - banquet

Word: dank
Front: dank
[dæŋk] (托宝 16049/21252)
Vocabulary: dank
(once / 3930 pages)
adj
You can describe something that is unpleasantly cool, damp, and clammy as dank. If you have ever visited a cave or unfinished basement, you know how a dank place feels. Yuck.
The adjective dank is often used to describe places that would have moist or damp walls. A dank cave can provide hundreds of bats shelter, but you probably wouldn't want to visit them. Tunnels can also be choice dank locations: "The tunnel under the harbor was always dank, and the workers constantly had to battle mold and lichen on the tile walls." One way to remember dank's meaning is to think of dark since they share three letters and seem to go together; a dank place is often a dark one as well.
WORD FAMILY
dank: danker, dankest, dankly, dankness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The dank holes are dangerous places, he says, because sharp objects are sometimes thrown down.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Amidst the “dank memes” and “drugs that make the music suck less,” Crystal and Jack realize they may have more in common than they thought.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
I was drunk, nearing my 35th birthday this past May, alone in a dank college dorm room, attending my five-year grad school reunion.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 阴湿的，阴冷的; 潮呼呼; 冒出
级别：danker, dankest
分布：潮湿(67%)，阴湿的(23%)，沼泽地(10%)
→词源不详。可能来自damp.-k, 加强音，比较hear, hark, tale, talk.
【记】读：蛋壳。你们没有留着蛋壳的癖好吧，用完了就扔到垃圾桶里，你们家的垃圾桶也不会放在阳光明媚的地方吧，垃圾桶里肯定是又阴又湿。因为sank（vi 沉下的过去式），所以dank
adjective
■(especially of buildings and air) wet, cold and unpleasant （尤指建筑物或空气）阴冷潮湿的，湿冷的
• a dank, dark cellar 阴暗湿冷的地窖
• In the cathedral vaults the air was dank and stale. 大教堂地窖里的空气湿冷并带有霉味。
adj. 潮湿的；阴湿的；透水的
 - wet, humid

Word: hitherto
Front: hitherto
[ˌhɪðəˈtu:] (研六雅宝 16041/4192 -1)
Vocabulary: hitherto
(once / 177 pages)
adv
Use the adverb hitherto when you're describing a state or circumstance that existed up until now. If you find a hitherto undiscovered hidden tunnel in your cellar, you're the first to discover it.
When some particular situation has existed so far, up until the moment that you're speaking of, you can use the word hitherto to talk about it. You could say that you're taking a hot air balloon ride that you were hitherto too scared to contemplate, or that a very shy girl in your philosophy class who was hitherto totally silent finally spoke up today and asked a very intelligent question.
WORD FAMILY
hitherto: hithertos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Spears and other researchers argue that this sort of decision fatigue is a major — and hitherto ignored — factor in trapping people in poverty.
New York Times(Aug 17, 2011)
The case was prompted by the well-documented Panama Papers leaks which were said to show Mr Sharif's children as owners of hitherto undeclared offshore companies.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
But for Ms Conti, Malta will be unable to hold back the tide of change - even in this hitherto taboo area.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adv. 到目前为止; 迄今; 至今
分布：迄今(54%)，到目前为止(46%)
→hither,这里，to,向。引申词义迄今。
ad.到目前为止,迄今This is a fact hitherto unknown.这是个至今尚无人知的事实.
【记】hither（adv 这里），to：到这里为止－到目前为止
US [-ɚ-] adverb formal
■until now or until a particular time 迄今为止；到（某时）为止
• Mira revealed hitherto unsuspected talents on the cricket pitch. 时至今日，米拉已经显示出他在板球投球方面潜藏的非凡才能。
adv. 迄今；至今
 - hereunto, erenow

Word: dryly
Front: dryly
[ˈdraɪlɪ] (15963/25051)
Vocabulary: dryly
(once / 1356 pages)
adv
If you say something dryly, you say it in a funny but matter-of-fact way. Your friend's dryly humorous comments might be your favorite thing about watching soap operas with him.
People who joke or remark dryly have a straight-faced delivery, even as they are saying the funniest things. You could also describe a black comedy as being dryly funny, or a character in a book as narrating dryly. The adverb dryly comes from dry, which more commonly means "not wet" than "subtly humorous" — although the humor meaning dates from the early 15th century.
WORD FAMILY
dry: dried, drier, dries, driest, drily, dryed, dryer, dryest, drying, dryly, dryness, drys, semi-dry+/ dried: undried/drier: driers/dryer: dryers/dryness: drynesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The suspect eventually tackles the police officer, and the Post dryly and passively says that “The cops subdued him after the fiery incident.”
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Still, he admitted dryly, “it’s nice to have people paying attention to me and complimenting me instead of yelling at me. It’s much better.”
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
“I don’t think we were getting our money’s worth,” he said dryly.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: adv. 干燥地; 枯燥地; 冷冰冰地; 干巴巴地
分布：冷淡地(61%)，讽剌地(13%)，=drily.(13%)，枯躁无味地(13%)
adv. 干燥地；冷淡地；枯燥无味地
 - strange, drily

Word: protectionism
Front: protectionism
[prəˈtekʃənɪzəm] (15973/17058)
Vocabulary: protectionism
(once / 4012 pages)
n
When a government limits its trade with other countries, especially by taxing imported goods, it's called protectionism.
A country's protectionism restrains competition from foreign companies. In other words, it may cost more for a US company to make a t-shirt than a Chinese company, but if the US's protectionism means a high tax on the Chinese t-shirts (making them more expensive to US buyers), they won't threaten the American company's business in the same way. Quotas and regulations are other tools of protectionism. Protectionism comes from the idea that the government is protecting its industries.
WORD FAMILY
protectionism: protectionist+/ overprotect: overprotected, overprotecting, overprotection, overprotects/ protect: overprotect, protected, protecting, protection, protective, protector, protects/protected: unprotected/protecting: protectingly/ protection: protectionism, protections, self-protection/protectionist: protectionists/ protective: overprotective, protectively, protectiveness, unprotective/ protector: protectors, protectorship/unprotected: unprotectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But on Nato, protectionism, climate change, Islam and much else, they differ fundamentally.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The last time mass protectionism was tried as economic stimulus was the 1930s; the experiment did not end well.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
European citizens began voting in national parliamentary elections for parties that advocated economic protectionism.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 保护主义，贸易保护制度
分布：贸易保护主义(100%)
→来自protection,保护，-ism,主义。
[prə'tek.ʃən.ɪ.zəm] disapproving
noun uncountable
■the actions of a government to help its country's trade or industry by taxing goods bought from other countries 贸易保护主义

Word: disrespectful
Front: disrespectful
[ˌdɪsrɪ'spektfl] (托 16085/23267)
Vocabulary: disrespectful
(once / 3208 pages)
adj
Disrespectful words and actions are rude and show a lack of respect. If you want to "dis" someone, be disrespectful towards them.
You probably know that respectful things show consideration, kindness, and appreciation. Disrespectful things do the opposite. Swearing at your grandmother is disrespectful. Burping loudly in church is disrespectful. For a business to ignore a religious holiday could be considered disrespectful. This is a word with a lot of grey area: what is disrespectful to one person may be just fine to another. Disrespectful behavior can range from blatant rudeness to just not acting impressed or awed by something others hold sacred.
WORD FAMILY
disrespectful: disrespectfully+/ disrespect: disrespected, disrespecting, disrespects/ respect: disrespect, respectable, respected, respecter, respectful, respecting, respects, self-respect/respectability: respectabilities/ respectable: respectability, respectabler, respectablest, respectably, unrespectable/respecter: respecters/ respectful: disrespectful, respectfully, respectfulness, self-respectful/respecting: self-respecting/unrespectable: unrespectability
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I acknowledge that they were disrespectful and offensive,” he said, a local NBC News affiliate reported.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"We don't see the encounters that are challenging, disrespectful and borderline illegal, threatening someone in uniform just because they are in uniform," he said.
Reuters(Dec 28, 2016)
“That other team was trippin’ tonight, just disrespectful, unprofessional, players and coaches,” Harden said.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 失礼的，无礼的; 不尊重的
分布：无礼的(61%)，不尊敬的(39%)
ADJ-GRADED
无礼的;不尊重的
If you are disrespectful, you show no respect in the way that you speak or behave to someone.
例：...accusations that he had been disrespectful to the Queen...有关他对女王不敬的指责
例：They shouldn't treat their mother in this disrespectful way.他们不能这样无礼地对待亲生母亲。
adj. 无礼的；失礼的；不尊敬的
 - rude, offensive

Word: jasmine
Front: jasmine
[ˈdʒæzmɪn] (14146/21019 -1)
Back: n. 茉莉; 茉莉香料; 淡黄色
分布：茉莉(94%)，淡黄色(6%)
→来自波斯语yasmin,茉莉花。
noun countable or uncountable
■a climbing plant. One type has white sweet-smelling flowers in summer and another type has yellow flowers in winter. 茉莉
n. 茉莉；淡黄色
 - pikake, straw yellow

Word: persistently
Front: persistently
[pə'sɪstəntlɪ] (16076/11351)
Back: adv. 坚持地; 固执地; 一个劲儿
分布：坚持地(60%)，固执地(40%)
ADV-GRADED
一次又一次地；一直
If something happens persistently, it happens again and again or for a long time.
例：The allegations have been persistently denied by ministers...这些说法被部长们一再否认。
例：People with rail season tickets will get refunds if trains are persistently late.如果火车一再晚点，持铁路季票的人会得到退款。
ADV-GRADED
坚持不懈地；锲而不舍地；不屈不挠地
If someone does something persistently, they do it with determination even though it is difficult or other people are against it.
例：Rachel gently but persistently imposed her will upon Douglas...雷切尔委婉但执著地把自己的意愿强加给道格拉斯。
例：Slowly, persistently, patiently, we will end this conflict.慢慢来，耐心坚持，我们会解决这场冲突的。
adv. 坚持地；固执地
 - tenaciously, insistently

Word: comfy
Front: comfy
[ˈkʌmfi] (16058/19160)
Back: adj. 舒服的，轻松的
级别：comfier, comfiest
分布：舒适的(94%)，=comfortable(6%)
adjective informal for
■comfortable
• a comfy chair 舒适的椅子
adj. 舒服的；轻松的（等于comfortable）
 - easiest, cushy

Word: Passover
Front: Passover
['pɑːs.əʊvə(r)] (14149/25828)
Back: n. （圣经）逾越节；（圣经）逾越节祭神的羔羊
分布：名词(100%)
→pass,经过，over,结束。该节日为犹太教最重要的节日之一，讲述的是耶稣为使埃及人得到应有的惩罚，要杀死所有埃及家庭的长子，为避免使犹太人受到误杀，告诫犹太人在家门口作上标记。对应希伯来语pesah,逾越，词源同paschal.
US ['pæsˌoʊ.vɚ] (also Pesach)
noun countable or uncountable
■a Jewish celebration in March or April every year to remember the escape of the Jews from Egypt （犹太人的）逾越节

Word: assent
Front: assent
[əˈsent] (宝 16073/9760 -1)
Vocabulary: assent
(once / 296 pages)
vn
Assent means agreement. If you nod your head in assent, you agree to something or you assent to it.
As a verb, assent is generally followed by a phrase beginning with the word "to:" You assent to a plan, an agreement, or to an idea. Assent is also something that you can give. You can give your assent to marry your partner if he or she asks really nicely. The opposite of assent is dissent –– which means disagreeing, or even protesting in a formal way.
WORD FAMILY
assent: assented, assenter, assentient, assenting, assents+/assenter: assenters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Security Council might then codify with Mr. Obama’s assent, boxing Israel in.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
“Governor Roosevelt considers it undesirable for him to assent to my suggestions for cooperative action,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The country’s Constitutional Court is deliberating on whether to assent to the vote.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 赞成：赞成，如某建议; 赞同
n. 同意，赞同：
时态：assented, assenting, assents
分布：同意(78%)，赞成(22%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. 词根sent, 感知，同sense. 同感，同意。
赞成,附和(as一样+sent→感觉一样→赞成)[Sens,sent=feel,表示"感觉"]
【记】as一个，sent感觉－大家一个感觉－同意
【参】dissent（v 反对）；resent（v 愤恨，怨恨）
【反】buck（vt 顽强抵抗，强烈反对）
[ə'sent] formal
noun uncountable
■official agreement to or approval of an idea, plan or request 同意；赞成
• Once the directors have given their assent to the proposal we can begin. 一旦董事们同意这项提议，我们就可以开始了。
• She nodded her assent to the proposal. 她点头表示同意该建议。
• UK Before an Act of Parliament can become law, it needs to receive Royal Assent (= an official signature) from the monarch. 议会通过的法案需要国王或女王的御准才能成为法律。
Compare dissent
[ə'sent] formal
verb intransitive
■to agree to or give official approval to something 同意；赞成
• Have they assented to the terms of the contract? 他们同意合约的条款了吗？
vi. 同意；赞成
 - accept, grant
n. 同意；赞成
 - agreement, yes, Ok, leave, Okay

Word: knocking
Front: knocking
[nɒkɪŋ] (16017/21932)
Back: n. 爆震音，卡答卡答的故障声音
v. 敲，击，打( knock的现在分词 ); （心）怦怦跳; 把…撞击成（某种状态）; 批评
分布：敲(73%)，击(25%)，卡答卡答的故障声音(1%)，爆震音(1%)
VERB
敲；击
If you knock on something such as a door or window, you hit it, usually several times, to attract someone's attention.
例：She went directly to Simon's apartment and knocked on the door...她直奔西蒙的房间，敲了敲门。
例：Knock at my window at eight o'clock and I'll be ready...8点钟敲我的窗，我会准备好的。
VERB
碰，撞；（尤指）碰倒，撞倒，敲动
If you knock something, you touch or hit it roughly, especially so that it falls or moves.
例：She accidentally knocked the tea tin off the shelf...她不小心把架子上的茶叶罐碰了下来。
例：The baby was knocked from his father's arms...婴儿被从他父亲的怀中撞落。
VERB
打通（房间或建筑）
If someone knocks two rooms or buildings into one, or knocks them together, they make them form one room or building by removing a wall.
例：They decided to knock the two rooms into one...他们决定把两间屋子打通连成一间。
例：The spacious kitchen was achieved by knocking together three small rooms.这个宽敞的厨房是由3个小屋子打通连成的。
VERB
把…撞击到（某个位置）；把…打成（某种状态）
To knock someone into a particular position or condition means to hit them very hard so that they fall over or become unconscious.
例：The third wave was so strong it knocked me backwards...第3波浪太大了，把我打了回去。
例：They were knocked to the ground and robbed of their wallets...他们被打倒在地并被抢走了钱包。
VERB
使失去（某种品质或特征）
To knock a particular quality or characteristic out of someone means to make them lose it.
例：The stories of his links with the actress had knocked the fun out of him...有关他与那位女演员有关系的传闻使他很不开心。
例：When they first joined for training many were starry eyed about just sailing around the world. We soon knocked that out of them...在他们参加培训之初，很多人还只是对环球航行抱有天真的想法。我们很快便使他们消除了那种想法。
VERB
发碰撞声；砰砰作响
If something knocks, it makes a repeated sharp banging noise.
例：His old truck, knocking and smoking, pulled down the road and out of sight.他那辆旧卡车一边冒着烟一边哐里哐啷地沿路向前驶去，直到驶出了视线。
VERB
批评；贬责；挑剔；非难
If you knock something or someone, you criticize them and say unpleasant things about them.
例：I'm not knocking them: if they want to do it, it's up to them...我不是批评他们：想不想做那件事取决于他们。
例：Never knock charter flights; they are opening up the world for budget-conscious travellers.绝不要挑剔包机航班；他们使精打细算的乘客能够去往世界各地。
N-COUNT
打击
If someone receives a knock, they have an unpleasant experience which prevents them from achieving something or which causes them to change their attitudes or plans.
例：What they said was a real knock to my self-confidence...他们的话是对我自信心的一次重大打击。
例：The art market has suffered some severe knocks during the past two years.在过去的两年间，艺术品市场遭受了严重的打击。
PHRASE
（尤指以相貌）给…留下深刻印象，使…倾倒
To knock them dead means to impress people a great deal, especially with your appearance.
例：Glamorous make-up is best reserved for days when you want to go all out to knock 'em dead.魅惑彩妆最好留到你竭力想把所有人都迷倒的时候。
PHRASE
停止干扰;打住
If you tell someone to knock it off, you are telling them to stop doing something that is annoying you.
例：Will you just knock it off!别闹了！
v. 敲（knock的ing形式）
 - rapping

Word: bottom
Front: bottom
[ˈbɒtəm] (中高研四 1511/1555 -K4)
Vocabulary: bottom
(once / 81 pages)
1nadjv 2n 3n 4n 5v
The bottom of something is its underside, or lowest point. You might practice swimming by diving to the bottom of a swimming pool to retrieve pennies.
When you're hungry, you'll eat to the bottom of your ice cream bowl, and if you're looking for your car keys, you may need to dig to the very bottom of your tote bag. A thing's underside is also its bottom, so you might check out the bottom of your foot if you think you have a splinter. Informally, your bottom is also your buttocks, or your backside. It comes from the Old English botm, "ground" or "foundation."
WORD FAMILY
bottom: bottomed, bottoming, bottomless, bottomly, bottommost, bottoms+/bottomless: bottomlessly, bottomlessness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plot follows the travails of Jack as he rises and falls in the real estate industry, finding rock bottom as a warehouse slumlord.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The Chiefs have been criticized all season for their offensive production, which ranks in the bottom third of the NFL in most major categories.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
In an effort to find the hard drive,  FBI agents scoured the bottom of Seccombe Lake, in the heart of San Bernardino.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 底部; 末端; 臀部; 尽头
adj. 底部的
vt. 装底; 测量深浅; 查明真相
vi. 到达底部; 建立基础
时态：bottomed, bottoming, bottoms
分布：底部(66%)，触底(15%)，底部的(15%)，底端(4%)
→来自PIE *bhud, 底部。同fundamental, 基础的。
n.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床The bottle is hidden in the bottom of a ton of cotton the cottage.瓶子被藏在农舍里一吨棉花的底部.
US [ˌbɑː.ţəm]
  Phrasal Verbs  bottom out
■to have reached the lowest point in a continuously changing situation and to be about to improve 到达最低点；不再恶化
• The government claims that the recession is bottoming out. 政府宣称经济衰退即将走出低谷。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
LOWEST PART 底部
 ESSENTIAL countable usually singular
■the lowest part of something 底，底部；底层
• He stood at the bottom of the stairs and called up to me. 他站在楼梯的最下面抬头叫我。
• Extra information will be found at the bottom of the page. 补充资料见这一页的最底部。
• The ship had sunk to the bottom of the sea/the sea bottom. 船已经沉到了海底。
• UK They live at the bottom of our street (= the other end of the street from us). 他们住在我们这条街的另一端。
• UK The apple tree at the bottom (= end) of the garden is beginning to blossom. 花园尽头的那棵苹果树开始开花了。
• At school, Einstein was (at the) bottom of (= the least successful student in) his class. 上学时，爱因斯坦是班上最后一名。
• The manager of the hotel started at the bottom (= in one of the least important jobs) 30 years ago, as a porter. 饭店的经理是30年前从最底层的搬运工开始做起的。
• The rich usually get richer, while the people at the bottom (= at the lowest position in society) stay there. 通常情况是富人越来越富，社会底层的人却原地不动。
bottoms [plural]
■the lower part of a piece of clothing that consists of two parts （两件一套的衣服）下半身
• I've found my bikini bottoms but not my top. 我找到了我的比基尼泳裤，但找不到上半身。
• Have you seen my pyjama/tracksuit bottoms anywhere? 你看见我的睡裤／田径服裤子了吗？
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
BODY PART 身体部位
 ADVANCED countable
■the part of your body that you sit on 臀部，屁股
• She slipped and fell on her bottom. 她摔了一跤，一屁股坐到了地上。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
at bottom UK formal
■in a basic way 事实上；本质上
• Jealousy is, at bottom, a lack of self-confidence. 嫉妒本质上是缺乏自信。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
be at the bottom of sth
■to be the real reason for or the cause of something 是…的根源，是…的本质
• The desire for money is at the bottom of much of the world's violence. 对金钱的欲望是世界上许多暴力的根源。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
bottoms up! informal humorous
■sometimes said by people in a friendly way just before drinking an alcoholic drink together 干杯！
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
from the bottom of your heart
■very sincerely 从内心深处；真诚地
• When I said I loved you, I meant it from the bottom of my heart. 当我说爱你时，我是发自内心深处的。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
get to the bottom of sth
■to discover the truth about a situation 对…寻根究底；找到…的真相
• I'm not sure what is causing the problem, but I'm determined to get to the bottom of it. 我现在不能确定导致这个问题的原因是甚么，不过我一定要弄个明白。
noun UK [ˈbɒt.əm] US [ˈbɑː.ţəm]
the bottom drops / falls out of the market
■If the bottom drops out of the market of a product, people stop buying it （产品）卖不出去；滞销
• The bottom has fallen out of the fur coat market. 毛皮大衣已经卖不出去了。
n. 底部；末端；臀部；尽头
 - basis, terminal, base, extreme

Word: mitt
Front: mitt
[mɪt] (16039/35202)
Back: n. 露指手套，棒球手套，拳击手套
分布：手套(100%)
→缩写自mitten,连指手套。
noun
countable
■a special type of glove for protecting a person's hand, especially a thick leather glove used for catching a baseball 防护手套；（尤指）棒球手套
• a catcher's mitt 接球手套
• oven mitts 烤箱防护手套
countable usually plural * a mitten
• baby/woollen mitts 婴儿／羊毛手套
countable usually plural slang
■a person's hand 手
• Get your filthy mitts off my sandwich! 别用你的脏手碰我的三明治！
n. 手；棒球手套；连指手套；女用露指长手套
 - hand, danny

Word: blogger
Front: blogger
['blɒɡə(r)] (15914/-)
Vocabulary: blogger
(once / 2621 pages)
n
A blogger is someone who writes regularly for an online journal or website. A political blogger might provide weekly commentary on current events.
A personal blogger keeps a website which may include diary-like entries, photographs, and links to other sites. Such a blog is a record of how the blogger spends her days — vacations, weekend outings, books and movies she's watched, and so on. Fashion bloggers might take photos of outfits or link to shopping sites, and pop culture bloggers might recap last night's TV shows. Blogger comes from blog, first used in 1998 as shorthand for weblog.
WORD FAMILY
blogger: bloggers+/ blog: blogged, blogger, blogging, blogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Decius, the faceless blogger, is hoping instead that Trump’s Presidency will mark the dawn of a new kind of conservative movement.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The website carried a video from the Twitter account of blogger Evgeny Kozlov showing one of the kits being unpacked.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
Bangladesh is still reeling from attacks by militants against secular writers, bloggers, religious minorities and foreigners that began in 2013.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 博客; 即开博客的人; derived from weblogger; s.o. who keeps a weblog
N-COUNT
博客；部落格；网络日志
A blog is a website containing a diary or journal on a particular subject.
例：When Barbieux started his blog, his aspirations were small; he simply hoped to communicate with a few people.巴尔比厄开博时并没抱多大的期望； 他只是希望和一些人聊聊天。

Word: crease
Front: crease
[kri:s] (雅宝 12719/14754 -1)
Back: n. 皱褶，折缝; 折痕; （皮肤上，尤指脸上的）皱纹; 板球运动（投球手和击球手的）位置线
vt. 使有皱褶，弄皱; 表面被子弹擦伤或击伤
vi. 起皱
时态：creased, creasing, creases
分布：折痕(56%)，起皱(21%)，弄皱(16%)，皱痕(4%)，使某人乐不可支(3%)
→来自crest的拼写变体。
【记】create（v 创造，引起）：create a creasecr哭，ease＝easy：很轻松就哭了，就是老哭，脸上能没有皱纹吗？
【参】grease（n 油脂）
noun
FOLD 折叠
countable
■a line on cloth or paper where it has been folded or crushed （布或纸上的）褶痕，皱褶
• He ironed a crease down the front of each trouser leg. 他在每条裤腿的正面熨出一条褶痕来。
[kri:s] noun
CRICKET 板球
only singular UK specialized
■a line drawn on the ground where the player stands to hit the ball in cricket （板球打击手击球的）区域线，击球线
[kri:s] verb intransitive or transitive
■If cloth, paper, etc. creases, or if you crease it, it gets a line in it where it has been folded or crushed 压皱；（使）起褶皱
• The seatbelt has creased my blouse. 安全带把我的衬衫弄皱了。
• It's a nice dress, but it creases very easily. 这条裙子很漂亮，但很容易起皱。
[kri:s] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  crease (sb) up UK informal
■to laugh a lot, or make someone else laugh a lot （使）（某人）大笑
• The look on his face just creased me up. 他脸上的表情真把我笑死了。
n. 折痕；折缝
 - fell, fold
vi. 起皱
 - wrinkle
vt. 弄皱；使起折痕
 - crush, crumple

Word: functionally
Front: functionally
['fʌŋkʃənəlɪ] (15980/16788)
Back: adv. 机能上地，官能地
分布：机能上(67%)，功能上(33%)
adverb
IN A PRACTICAL WAY 实际方式
■in a way that is practical and useful rather than attractive 为实用而设计的，实用的
• The office is functionally designed. 这间办公室的设计注重实用性。
['fʌŋk.ʃən.əl.i] adverb
WORK 工作
■in a way that works normally 工作正常地；正常发挥作用地

Word: incoherent
Front: incoherent
[ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪərənt] (托 16088/14649 -1)
Vocabulary: incoherent
(once / 1364 pages)
1adj 2adj
Incoherent thoughts don't follow each other logically. Incoherent speech is mumbled or jumbled. Incoherent means that something is difficult to understand because it's not holding together.
A lot of people use incoherent to mean unintelligible, which is a perfectly fine usage. But it specifically means unintelligible due to a lack of cohesion, or sticking together. An incoherent argument may sound something like this. "I deserve to go to the dance because it is the second Tuesday of the month and my feet are a size ten." The reasons do not follow each other logically and to not even relate. It's an incoherent mess.
WORD FAMILY
incoherent: incoherence, incoherency, incoherently+/ cohere: cohered, coherence, coherency, coherent, coheres, cohering, cohesion, cohesive / coherence: coherences/coherency: coherencies/ coherent: coherently, incoherent / cohesion: cohesions/ cohesive: cohesively, cohesiveness/incoherence: incoherences/incoherency: incoherencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
On both sides of the Atlantic, the right is deeply divided, intellectually incoherent and set to fail on its own terms.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“It was common for us to see reactions where they were violent, incoherent, sometimes catatonic on the ground,” Austin police Lt.
Seattle Times(Dec 17, 2016)
After a few minutes of incoherent yelling over each other, the supervising producer breaks up what almost becomes a physical fight.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 思想不连贯的，语无伦次的; 支离破碎的; 夹七夹八; 不相干
分布：不连贯的(60%)，语无伦次的(40%)
→in-,不，非，coherent,连贯的。
【记】coherent（adj 粘在一起的；一致连贯的）
US [-koʊ'hɪr.ənt] adjective
■expressing yourself in a way that is not clear 语无伦次的；言语不清的
• He was confused and incoherent and I didn't get much sense out of him. 他说话颠三倒四，语无伦次，我听不大懂他在说些甚么。
■expressed in a way that is not clear, especially with words or ideas that are joined together badly 表达不清的；（尤指）不连贯的，无条理的
• The talk she gave was incoherent and badly prepared. 她的讲话条理不清，准备很不充分。
adj. 语无伦次的；不连贯的；不合逻辑的
 - illogical, gibbering

Word: extrinsic
Front: extrinsic
[eksˈtrɪnsɪk] (宝 16022/24686)
Vocabulary: extrinsic
(once / 15390 pages)
adj
Extrinsic means not connected to the essential nature of something. New cleats are extrinsic to making the soccer team. How you play is what gets you on the team, whether your cleats are old or new.
If the ex in extrinsic makes you think of external or extra you’re on the right track––all these ex words are talking about something that is outside, or above and beyond. You often hear extrinsic paired with its opposite, intrinsic, which means part of something or someone's essential nature. If being sweet-tempered is intrinsic to your personality, you might not even know how to get mad.
WORD FAMILY
extrinsic: extrinsically
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is the fetishisation of wealth, power and image in a nation where extrinsic values are championed throughout public discourse.
The Guardian(Oct 26, 2016)
“One of the downfalls of extrinsic motivation is that you just have to keep upping the ante to get the same result,” she said.
New York Times(Jul 23, 2016)
She arrives at a framework of four possible versions of 'stemness': two intrinsic, two extrinsic.
Nature(Jun 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 非本质的; 外在的; 外来的; 外部的
分布：外在的(65%)，非固有的(21%)，非本质的(14%)
→extrin-, 外面的。-sic, 沿着，在旁，词源同sequence, second.
【记】intrinsic（adj 价值、性质固有的；内在的；本质的）
【反】inherent/ immanent（adj 固有的；内在的）；ingrained（adj 彻底的；根深蒂固的）
[ek'strɪn.zɪk] formal
adjective
■coming from outside, or not related to something 外在的，外来的；非固有的，非本质的
• Extrinsic forces were responsible for the breakdown of the peace talks. 和谈破裂，外部压力难辞其咎。
adj. 外在的；外来的；非固有的
 - outside, exterior

Word: jettison
Front: jettison
[ˈdʒetɪsn] (托宝 16098/18689 -1)
Vocabulary: jettison
(once / 10765 pages)
v
Jettison means to push to the side or toss away. If a boat is leaking or an airplane is running out of fuel, you can buy more time by jettisoning cargo, or throwing it overboard.
The word jettison — dating, in its nautical meaning, from the 15th century in English — is commonly used figuratively as well as literally. You can jettison a friendship or an attitude. During the month that the Winter Olympics are aired on TV, figure-skating fans across the country jettison homework and other responsibilities in order to watch.
WORD FAMILY
jettison: jettisoned, jettisoning, jettisons
USAGE EXAMPLES
But in the editing room the film once more refused to cohere—an occupational hazard when you jettison plot.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Then, after two more years, Mann published a self-lacerating essay in which he abruptly announced that he was jettisoning the project.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Schiaparelli, which was intended to test the technology for landing on Mars, suffered a glitch that caused its parachute to jettison too early.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 抛弃，丢弃
n. 抛弃; 投弃货物
时态：jettisoned, jettisoning, jettisons
分布：抛弃(61%)，投弃(25%)，丢弃(10%)，投弃的货物(4%)
→来自中古英语jetteson,抛弃，抛入水中，来自古法语getaison,抛弃，来自拉丁语jactare,来自jacere,扔，投掷，词源同project,eject.-aison,名词后缀，词源同-tion,action.
【记】jet（n /v 喷出），son（n 儿子）－喷出儿子－抛弃
【反】retain（v 保持）
US ['dʒetˌ-] verb transitive
■to get rid of something or someone that is not wanted or needed 把…作为废物抛弃，扔掉
• The station has jettisoned educational broadcasts. 电台已取消了教育广播。
■to decide not to use an idea or plan 放弃（想法或计划）
• We've had to jettison our holiday plans because of David's accident. 因为大卫发生了意外事故我们不得不放弃渡假计划。
■to throw goods, fuel or equipment from a ship or aircraft to make it lighter （船舶、飞机等为减轻重量而）投弃（货物、燃料或装备）
• The captain was forced to jettison the cargo and make an emergency landing. 机长被迫投弃机上的货物并紧急降落。
n. 投弃；投弃货物
 - jetsam

Word: poetics
Front: poetics
[pəʊˈetɪks] (16128/-)
Back: n. 诗法，诗学，诗论
分布：诗学(97%)，写诗的章法(2%)，诗学论文(1%)

Word: rant
Front: rant
[rænt] (托宝 16081/19931 -1)
Vocabulary: rant
(once / 2585 pages)
vn
A rant is an argument that is fueled by passion, not shaped by facts. When the shouting starts on talk radio, or when a blog commenter resorts to ALL CAPS, you're almost certainly encountering a rant.
Rant comes from the Dutch ranten, "to talk nonsense." Rave is a close synonym — in fact, "to rant and rave" is a popular expression. When rant is used as a noun, it means something like tirade. The first recorded usage of rant is from the end of the sixteenth century, in Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor. By the middle of the turbulent seventeenth century, the name Ranters was used as a catchall pejorative for various groups of radical Christian dissenters.
WORD FAMILY
rant: ranted, ranter, ranting, rants+/ranter: ranters/ranting: rantings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her internal rants often end with that question, evidence that so much of her disdain is prompted by defensiveness.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Rant to managers who never work on holidays or acknowledge those on their staff who do.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
But it wasn’t the bad calls that led to a profane rant by Durant after practice on Tuesday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vi. 咆哮; 粗野的下结论; 大声责骂
vt. 大声说出
n. 大话; 粗野的话; [英]狂欢
时态：ranted, ranting, rants
分布：咆哮(57%)，夸夸其谈(22%)，激昂地说(11%)，大声斥责(5%)，大声地说(5%)
→拟声词，模仿咆哮，怒吼的声音。
【记】读：怨他，所以咆哮。
verb intransitive
■to speak or shout in a loud, uncontrolled or angry way, often saying confused or silly things 怒吼；抱怨；叫嚷；大声责骂
• He's always ranting (on) about the government. 他总是抱怨政府。
• I get fed up with my mother ranting and raving (about my clothes) all the time. 我母亲老是（因为我的穿着）对我唠叨抱怨，我真是受够了。
[rænt] noun countable
■a long, angry and confused speech 颠三倒四的气话；愤怒的叫嚷；没完没了的怒骂
• The minister's speech descended into a rant against his political opponents. 部长的发言斯文扫地，变成了对政敌没完没了的怒骂。
vi. 咆哮；痛骂；大声责骂
 - gnar, ball out
vt. 咆哮；痛骂
 - ball out, objurgate
n. 咆哮；激昂的演说
 - roar, snarl

Word: rigidly
Front: rigidly
['rɪdʒɪdlɪ] (16094/11121)
Back: adv. 僵硬地; 严厉地; 严格地; 固执地
分布：坚硬地(34%)，严格地(33%)，严厉地(22%)，不易弯地(11%)
ADJ-GRADED
(法律、制度或体系)严格的，刻板的，不可变更的
Laws, rules, or systems that are rigid cannot be changed or varied, and are therefore considered to be rather severe.
例：Several colleges in our study have rigid rules about student conduct...在我们的研究中，有几所大学制定了严格的学生行为规则。
例：Hospital routines for nurses are very rigid.医院中护士的日常工作非常刻板。
ADJ-GRADED
固执的;顽固的;刻板的
If you disapprove of someone because you think they are not willing to change their way of thinking or behaving, you can describe them as rigid .
例：She was a fairly rigid person who had strong religious views...她相当顽固，宗教观念极强。
例：My father is very rigid in his thinking.我父亲的思想非常顽固。
ADJ-GRADED
坚硬的;刚性的;不易弯曲的
A rigid substance or object is stiff and does not bend, stretch, or twist easily.
例：...rigid plastic containers...坚硬的塑料容器
例：These plates are fairly rigid.这些盘子非常坚硬。
ADJ-GRADED
(常因震惊或害怕)身体僵直的，不能动弹的，呆住的
If someone goes rigid, their body becomes very straight and stiff, usually as a result of shock or fear.
例：I went rigid with shock...我惊得僵在那里。
例：Andrew went rigid when he saw a dog, any dog, anywhere.安德鲁过去只要看见狗，无论在哪里，无论什么狗，都会吓得一动不动。
adv. 严格地；坚硬地；严厉地；牢牢地
 - strictly, severely

Word: surgically
Front: surgically
['sɜ:dʒɪklɪ] (16101/25145)
Back: adv. 外科手术上; 如外科手术般地
分布：外科手术上(50%)，外科手术一般地(50%)
ADJ
外科手术用的
Surgical equipment and clothing is used in surgery.
例：...an array of surgical instruments.一批外科手术器械
例：...a pair of surgical gloves.一副外科手术手套
ADJ
外科手术的
Surgical treatment involves surgery.
例：A biopsy is usually a minor surgical procedure.活组织检查通常是一个较小的外科手术。
例：...surgical removal of a tumor.肿瘤的手术切除
ADJ
(军事行动)外科手术式的，有针对性的，不伤及无辜的
Surgical military actions are designed to destroy a particular target without harming other people or damaging other buildings near it.
例：The new figures cast doubt on the government's claim to have achieved a surgical strike against military targets.新的数字使人们对政府所声称的已经对军事目标实行了外科手术式打击产生了怀疑。

Word: digitally
Front: digitally
['dɪdʒɪtəlɪ] (16090/33872)
Back: adv. 数字
分布：数字地(50%)，数码地(50%)
ADJ
数字的;数码的
Digital systems record or transmit information in the form of thousands of very small signals.
例：The new digital technology would allow a rapid expansion in the number of TV channels.新的数字技术将会使电视频道的数量迅速增加。
ADJ
(钟表等)数字(显示)的
Digital devices such as watches or clocks give information by displaying numbers rather than by having a pointer which moves round a dial.
例：...a digital display.数字显示

Word: dent
Front: dent
[dent] (托宝 9610/11467 -1)
Vocabulary: dent
(once / 1603 pages)
nv
A dent is a gouge or hollow that's left in a surface after some kind of blow. If you hit a soup pot with a hammer, it will leave a dent.
Car accidents, whether they're serious or just fender benders, often result in dents. If you fall off your bike, you may get a dent in your helmet, and a mishandled package might be delivered to your door full of dents. There's also a figurative kind of dent, a reduction in amount: "You barely made a dent in that oatmeal — aren't you hungry?" Dent comes from Middle English, originally a variation on dint, "a blow dealt in fighting."
WORD FAMILY
dent: dented, denting, dents
USAGE EXAMPLES
Principal Staci Dent told the district that her conversation with students “centered on leadership, good behavior, and self discipline,” Ryan said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
WADA’s subsequent assertions that 18 of the Bears’ leaked waivers were, in fact, fabricated also dented the hackers’ credibility.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
The EU referendum campaign did not restore the badly dented reputation of pollsters in the UK following their grim performance in 2015.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 凹痕，凹部; 齿; 减少，削弱; [名]登特
vt. 使产生凹痕; 削弱; 打击，破坏; 产生不好的影响
vi. 出现凹痕; 产生凹陷; 凹进去; 削减
时态：dented, denting, dents
分布：凹痕(76%)，挫伤(9%)，心理阴影(5%)，形成凹陷(5%)，弄凹(5%)
→来自dint的拼写变体，敲打，拟声词。
凹痕(像牙咬出的印痕)[dent=tooth,表示"牙齿"]
【记】denture（n 一副假牙）；indented（adj 锯齿状的）
【反】convex（adj 凸起的）
noun countable
■a small hollow mark in the surface of something, caused by pressure or by being hit （物体表面上的）坑，凹陷
• a dent in the door of a car 车门上的凹陷
[dent] noun countable
make/put a dent in sth
■to reduce an amount of money 支出，花费
• The holiday made a big dent in our savings. 渡假花去了我们很大一部分的存款。
[dent] verb transitive
■to make a small hollow mark in the surface of something 使产生凹痕，使凹陷
• I dropped a hammer on the floor, and it dented the floorboard. 我一失手，锤子掉到地板上，把地板砸出了凹痕。
■If you dent someone's confidence or pride , you make them feel less confident or proud 打击，损伤（信心或自豪感）
• His confidence was badly dented when he didn't get into the football team. 他未能加入足球队，自信心受到了严重的打击。
n. 凹痕；削弱；减少；齿
 - reduction, loss, decrease
vi. 产生凹陷；凹进去；削减
 - cut down on, cut to the bone
vt. 削弱；使产生凹痕
 - break, to weaken

Word: junta
Front: junta
[ˈdʒʌntə] (16031/17630 -1)
Vocabulary: junta
(once / 2660 pages)
n
When a government is overthrown, the coalition or group that forms and takes control is called a junta. If the military has seized control, as so often happens, then the group is called a military junta.
Junta is pronounced with an initial h sound, which gives you a clue to its origins. It’s from the Spanish junta, for a military or political group ruling the country after it has been taken over. Spanish got junta from the Latin jungere, to join. Remember, all the players in the junta must join together to overthrow the government.
WORD FAMILY
junta: juntas
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those divisions are being held in check by a military junta that seized power in 2014.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
BANGKOK—Thailand is bracing for a wave of hacker attacks Tuesday to protest the ruling junta’s recent moves to more closely police the internet.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Trump’s ‘junta’ is another media furor that isn’t worth worrying about.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 小集团; 政务审议会
分布：团体(58%)，派别(42%)
→来自西班牙语junta,议会，市政委员会，来自拉丁语iuncta,联合，词源同join,juncture.引申词义联合会议，联合政府，特别用于指武力夺取政权的军人集团。
/'hʊn-] noun countable [+ sing/pl verb]
■a government, especially a military one, that has taken power in a country by force and not by election （以武力夺取政权的）军政府
• The military junta has/have today broadcast an appeal for calm. 军政府今天在广播中呼吁人们保持镇静。
n. 团体，派别
 - organization, community, group, body, wing

Word: foreclose
Front: foreclose
[fɔ:ˈkləʊz] (宝 16084/32624)
Back: vt. 取消（抵押品）赎回权; 取消（抵押人的）赎回抵押品的权利; 排除; 阻止
时态：foreclosed, foreclosing, forecloses
分布：排除(90%)，取消抵押品的赎回权(10%)
→来自古法语forclos, 关在外面。for-, 外面，词源同foreign. clos,关闭，词源同close. 拼写受fore影响。后用于经济学名词。
【记】fore前，close（v 关；结束；包围）－提前结束抵押品的赎回权
【参】foreclosure（n 丧失抵押品赎回权；排斥）
US [fɔ:r'kloʊz] verb
TAKE POSSESSION 占有
intransitive or transitive specialized
■(especially of banks) to take back property that was bought with borrowed money because the money was not being paid back as formally agreed （尤指银行）取消抵押品赎回权，取消回赎（抵押品）的权利
UK [fɔ:'kləʊz] US [fɔ:r'kloʊz] verb
PREVENT 阻止
transitive formal
■to prevent something from being considered as a possibility in the future 排除…的可能性
• The leader's aggressive stance seems to have foreclosed any chance of diplomatic compromise. 这位领导人咄咄逼人的态度似乎已经排除了外交妥协的任何可能性。
vt. 阻止；排除；取消抵押品赎回权
 - eliminate, stem, block, dispute, prohibit

Word: passivity
Front: passivity
[pæˈsɪvəti] (16036/14853)
Vocabulary: passivity
(once / 9563 pages)
1n 2n
Passivity is allowing others to do things to you without complaining or pushing back. The baby-sitter's passivity led her charges to walk all over her. They stayed up all night and tied her to the chair, and all she said was, "Please stop misbehaving."
You'd use the noun passivity to refer to the state of being passive — passivity applies to someone who accepts the actions or opinions of others without speaking up. Passivity can help you from getting into a fight but that same passivity can mean you might also get a black eye.
WORD FAMILY
passivity: passivities+/ passive: passively, passiveness, passives, passivism, passivity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Our ostentatious passivity is a primary cause of that darkening.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
“A lot of times this disease causes passivity, and we’re always looking for ways to combat that.”
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
South Carolina’s residents remained peaceful following the Scott shooting, but to nonchalant bureaucracy peace appears to be identical to passivity.
The New Yorker(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 被动性; 钝态
分布：被动(81%)，消极(9%)，顺从(6%)，被动结构(4%)
→来自passive,被动的，消极的。
US [-ə.tˌi] noun uncountable
■the quality or state of being passive 被动（性）；消极状态；顺从

Word: antioxidant
Front: antioxidant
[ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt] (11143/-)
Back: n. 抗氧化剂，硬化防止剂
分布：抗氧化剂(100%)
→前缀anti-, 相对，相反。词根ox, 氧，见oxygen.
US [-tˌi-] noun countable
■a substance which slows down the rate at which something decays because of oxidization (= combining with oxygen) 抗氧化剂，阻氧化剂，防老（化）剂
n. 抗氧化剂；硬化防止剂； [助剂] 防老化剂
 - oxidation inhibitor, aging proof agent

Word: snare
Front: snare
[sneə(r)] (宝 16103/19167 -1)
Vocabulary: snare
(once / 639 pages)
1nv 2n
A snare is a trap, usually for small animals, and using a noose. Snare can also mean to trap in general or any type of trap, like the snare of a TV cliffhanger that traps you into watching again.
If writers are to be believed, we are surrounded by snares. Francis Beaumont implores us to know that “the world’s a snare.” And Hilda Doolittle asserts that “a snare is Love.” Still Soren Kierkegaard lets us know that “the truth is a snare: you cannot have it, without being caught.” Whoever is right, it seems that you can’t escape. A snare is also a type of small drum that rattles, as well as a wire loop used by surgeons.
WORD FAMILY
snare: ensnare, snared, snarer, snares, snaring+/ ensnare: ensnared, ensnares, ensnaring/snarer: snarers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That point of contention snared the Los Angeles rapper’s attention.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
In 1845 John Snare, a Reading bookseller, acquired for £8 a portrait of Charles I undertaken shortly before he became king.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The ballad opens with an electric piano, organ, bass and guitar playing the introduction backed only by a snare drum.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 陷阱，罗网; 诱惑; （绷在小鼓下面的）肠线; [外]（肿瘤等的）勒除器
vt. 捕捉; 诱惑; 安圈套; 陷害
时态：snared, snaring, snares
分布：陷阱(43%)，圈套(21%)，诱惑(21%)，勒除器(10%)，以陷阱捕获(5%)
→来自古诺斯语 snara,网，捕鸟网，来自 Proto-Germanic*snarkho,网，来自 sne,编织，织造， 词源同 snood,needle,net.引申比喻义陷阱，罗网，圈套等。
【参】ensnare（v 诱捕）
US [sner] noun countable
■a device for catching small animals and birds, usually with a rope or wire which tightens around the animal 陷阱，罗网
■a trick or situation which deceives you or involves you in some problem which you do not know about 圈套，陷阱
• The legal system is full of snares for those who are not wary. 法律制度对那些不谨慎的人而言充满了陷阱。
UK [sneər] US [sner] verb transitive
■to catch an animal using a snare （用罗网、陷阱）捕捉，诱捕
• We used to snare small birds such as sparrows and robins. 我们过去常常用罗网捕捉麻雀、知更鸟等小鸟。
• figurative She grew up in the days when a woman's main aim was to snare a rich husband. 在她所处的那个时代，妇女的主要目标就是要俘获一个富有的丈夫。
n. 陷阱；圈套； [外科] 勒除器
 - trap, web, mesh, pit
vt. 捕捉；诱惑
 - tempt, seduce

Word: positive
Front: positive
[ˈpɒzətɪv] (研四六托雅 1049/1198 -K4)
Vocabulary: positive
(once / 124 pages)
1adj 2adjn 3adj 4adj 5adj 6n
In the simplest sense, positive means good — or the opposite of negative. If you have a positive attitude about homework, for example, you're more likely to get positive feedback on your report card.
Keeping track of positive's many meanings can be positively confusing. For starters, if you're positive about something, you're totally sure. In math, any quantity greater than zero is positive. In medicine, a positive result on a test indicates the presence of a disease. And that isn't a very positive experience for anyone.
WORD FAMILY
positive: positively, positiveness, positives, positivism, positivity+/positivism: positivist, positivistic/positivist: positivists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rollins still needs to undergo more tests, but “everything is progressing in a positive manner,” McCarthy said.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The early signs were far from positive for the defending champion, who looked very rusty as world No63 won the opening four games.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The quarantine began in a barn where two horses tested positive last week.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 积极的; 确实的，肯定的; [数]正的; [医]阳性的
n. 正面; 正片; [语]原级形容词; [数]正量
分布：积极的(54%)，正面(16%)，正面的(10%)，肯定的(6%)，阳性的(5%)，正数(3%)，正片(3%)，明确的(2%)，正数的(1%)
→来自position,放置，位置，-ive,形容词后缀。即放好的，有位置的，原用于法律术语解决的，后引申诸多正面词义。
肯定的;积极的(posit肯定+ive)[pos,posit=put表示"放"]
a.肯定的,积极的,绝对的,无疑的,正的The depositor positively positioned the preposition in that position on purpose.储户有意确信地介词放置在那个位置.
US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
HOPEFUL 有希望的
 ESSENTIAL
■hopeful and confident, or giving cause for hope and confidence 建设性的；积极的；怀有希望的
• a positive attitude 乐观的态度
• On a more positive note, we're seeing signs that the housing market is picking up. 更乐观地说，我们看到了房地产市场正在好转的迹象。
• The past ten years have seen some very positive developments in East-West relations. 在过去的十年里，东西方关系有了一些非常积极的发展。
• There was a very positive response to our new design - people seemed very pleased with it. 我们的新设计获得非常积极的回应——看来人们对该产品非常满意。
Opposite negative
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
CERTAIN 确定的
■certain and without any doubt 有把握的，确信的，肯定的
• [+ (that)] Are you positive (that) you saw me switch the iron off? 你肯定你看到我关掉了熨斗的开关吗？
• "Are you sure it's okay for me to use your mother's car?" "Positive." “你确定我可以开你母亲的车？”“完全确定。”
• "It was him - I saw him take it." "Are you positive about that?" “是他——我看到他拿的。”“你对此肯定吗？”
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
TEST RESULTS 检测结果
■(of a medical test) showing that a person has the disease or condition for which they are being tested （医学检验）呈阳性的
• a positive pregnancy test 呈阳性的怀孕检验
• He's HIV positive. 他爱滋病检验呈阳性。
• She tested positive for hepatitis. 她肝炎检验呈阳性。
Opposite negative
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
COMPLETE 完全的
[before noun]
■(used to add force to an expression) complete （用于加强语气）完全的
• Far from being a nuisance, she was a positive joy to have around. 有她在身边完全是个乐趣，一点都不令人讨厌。
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
ABOVE ZERO 大于零的
■(of a number or amount) more than zero （数或量）正的
• Two is a positive number. 2是正数。
Opposite negative
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
ELECTRICITY 电
■being the type of electrical charge which is carried by protons 正电的，正极的 Opposite negative
UK ['pɒz.ə.tɪv] US ['pɑ:.zə.tˌɪv] adjective
BLOOD TYPE 血型
■having the rhesus factor in the blood 血液中含猕因数的；Rh阳性的
• My blood type is O positive. 我的血型是 O 型 Rh 因数呈阳性。
definite, certain, positive, sure
这组词都有“无疑的，确信的”的意思，其区别是：
definite: 指已毫无怀疑的余地。
certain: 与sure同义，但语气比sure强，着重指有确切理由或不容置疑的证据所支持的确信。
positive: 语气强烈，指对自己的看法或作的结论的正确性有不可动摇的信念。
sure: 侧重主观上对某事确信无疑。
adj. [电] 积极的； [摄] [物] [数] 正的， [化学] [医] 阳性的；确定的，肯定的；实际的，真实的；绝对的
 - active, established, practical, actual, fixed, effective, sincere

Word: breakfast
Front: breakfast
[ˈbrekfəst] (中高雅 2382/2019 -K3)
Back: n. 早餐，早饭; 早餐食物
vi. 吃早餐
vt. 供给…早餐
时态：breakfasted, breakfasting, breakfasts
分布：早餐(85%)，吃早餐(13%)，用早餐(2%)
→break, 打破。fast, 斋戒。原指在斋戒仪式后所吃的第一顿饭。
n.早餐v.(给某人)吃早餐At the breakfast, the steak leaked from the break.早餐时,肉片从缺口处漏出来.
noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■a meal eaten in the morning as the first meal of the day 早餐
• What do you want for breakfast? 你早餐想吃甚么?
• Jane never eats breakfast. 简从来不吃早餐。
• She arrived shortly after breakfast. 她早餐后不久就到了。
• Breakfast is served in the dining room from 8.30-10. 食堂八点半到十点供应早餐。
• I love to eat breakfast in bed on Saturdays. 周六我喜欢在床上吃早餐。
['brek.fəst] verb intransitive formal
■to eat breakfast 吃早餐
• She usually breakfasts alone. 她通常独自一人吃早餐。
• They breakfasted hurriedly on tea and toast (= ate tea and toast for breakfast). 他们早餐匆忙吃了点吐司，喝了点茶。
n. 早餐；早饭
 - brekker, dejeuner

Word: chagrin
Front: chagrin
[ˈʃægrɪn] (托宝 16105/19072)
Vocabulary: chagrin
(once / 1222 pages)
nv
Chagrin is a noun that represents an emotion or feeling and it's an uncomfortable one. If you feel chagrin, it means that you are embarrassed or distressed as a result of a failure.
The word chagrin, a noun, comes from the French word of the same spelling and means "melancholy, anxiety, vexation." An odd fact about the word in English is that it had been thought to be related to another, similar-sounding word, shagreen, "an untanned leather with a granular surface, prepared from the hide of a horse, shark, seal, etc." When one mistakes one word as a relative of another, it's called "false etymology."
WORD FAMILY
chagrin: chagrined, chagrining, chagrinned, chagrins
USAGE EXAMPLES
To his father’s chagrin, Allen decided to return to Alabama for his senior season.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Candidate Trump lavished praise on the former KGB intelligence officer, to the chagrin of Republicans and Democrats.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
He looks back at the beginning of his own work life with chagrin.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （由失败等引起的）懊恼，懊丧，悔恨
vt. 使懊恼，使懊丧，使悔恨
时态：chagrined, chagrining, chagrins
分布：懊恼(95%)，使 ... 懊恼(5%)
→词源不详。
【记】cha拼：差，grin（v 露齿而笑）：笑的很差，因为懊恼。
【反】elate（vt 使兴高采烈）；cheerfulness（n 高兴；快活）；proud satisfaction（非常满足）；delight（n 快乐）
['ʃæg.rɪn] formal
noun uncountable
■disappointment or anger, especially when caused by a failure or mistake （尤指失败或错误引起的）失望，懊丧，懊恼
• My children have never shown an interest in music, much to my chagrin. 我的孩子从没对音乐表现出一点兴趣，真让我失望。
n. 懊恼；委屈；气愤
 - complaint, grievance

Word: aft
Front: aft
[ɑ:ft] (16006/23754 -1)
Vocabulary: aft
(once / 768 pages)
advadj
When something's at the back of a boat, it's aft. You might instruct a passenger on your sailboat to move aft while you adjust the sails.
Aft, which can be used as an adverb or an adjective, is almost solely used in nautical or aeronautical terminology — in other words, when you're talking about a boat, ship, or airplane. Flight attendants usually start at the front of the cabin and move aft as they dole out drinks and pretzels, and they might instruct you to stow your huge bag in an aft compartment. The Old English root is æftan, "from behind or farthest back."
WORD FAMILY
aft: aftermost, aftest, aftly, afts
USAGE EXAMPLES
It later merged with a white AFT local to form a racially integrated local of the AFT, which then became the Washington Teachers’ Union.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Only about 90 seconds before he hit the water – when he would pull the nose full aft at last – did he address the passengers.
The Guardian(Nov 27, 2016)
For passengers in the rear, seating slides fore and aft for extra leg room.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: adv. 在船尾; 近船尾
adj. 在船尾的; 近船尾的
分布：在船尾(72%)，向船尾(28%)
→来自PIE *apo, 从，后面，词源同前缀ab-, 单词of。-*to最高级后缀。指最后面。词源较抽象。
US [æft] specialized
adjective adverb
■in or towards the back part of a boat 在船尾（的）；向船尾（的）
adv. [船] 在船尾；近船尾
 - astern, sternwards

Word: unanticipated
Front: unanticipated
[ˌʌnænˈtɪsɪpeɪtɪd] (16086/23546)
Vocabulary: unanticipated
(once / 24270 pages)
adj
Unanticipated means "unexpected." Finding a candy bar in your lunchbox when your mom usually packs nothing but health food would be an unanticipated delight.
Just as pleasure is sweetest when unanticipated, unanticipated pain is a bitter pill. Getting laid off from a job is often unanticipated––and the fact that you're blindsided by it is often the source of most of the pain. You wonder why you didn't see it coming, and worry that other unanticipated disasters lie in wait for you.
WORD FAMILY
anticipated: unanticipated +/ anticipate: anticipated, anticipates, anticipating, anticipation, anticipative, anticipator, anticipatory / anticipation: anticipations/anticipative: anticipatively/anticipator: anticipators/ anticipatory: anticipatorily
USAGE EXAMPLES
The presidency is more often characterized by the unanticipated, not the anticipated.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The 12-0 start to the season was unanticipated with what they lost to graduation and the incredibly difficult schedule he put together.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Amazon last year was beset with a scramble to deliver orders resulting from an unanticipated spike in demand.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不曾预料到的
分布：不曾预料到的(100%)

Word: balloon
Front: balloon
[bəˈlu:n] (中高研四托雅宝 4774/5623 -2)
Vocabulary: balloon
(once / 593 pages)
nv
A balloon is a colorful bit of rubber that can be blown up or filled with helium. Many children's parties are decorated with balloons.
While most balloons are round, they come in many sizes and shapes. Balloon artists twist long, thin balloons together to form animals, hats, and other items, and Mylar balloons are made from a kind of thin, metallic paper. Much larger balloons include hot air balloons and weather balloons. In the 1500s, balloon was a game played with a leather ball, from the Italian pallone, "large ball."
WORD FAMILY
balloon: ballooned, ballooning, balloonist, balloons+/balloonist: balloonists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Helium balloons declaring “Congratulations” floated above the long table.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The USS Dwight D. Eisenhower arrived Friday in Norfolk to cheers from hundreds of spouses and children clutching balloons and flowers and waving signs.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
She organized a surprise party last year, complete with cake and balloons, that drew about 50 people.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 气球; 热气球; [建]球饰
vt. 膨胀，涨大; 乘热气球飞行; 使激增
adj. 气球状的; （货物等）分量轻而体积大的; （分期付款）最后一笔大数目的
vi. 乘气球飞行; 膨胀; 激增
时态：ballooned, ballooning, balloons
分布：气球(94%)，激增(2%)，乘气球飞行(1%)，气球状的(1%)，如气球般膨胀(1%)，使膨胀(1%)
→ball, 球。-oon, 大词后缀，同million, 大的千，百万。
气球(ball球＋oon表名词)[ball,bol=throw,dance,ball,表示"抛,舞,球"]
气球(ball球)[-oon表名词"人或物"]
n.气球,飞船;a.气球状的v.乘坐气球;膨胀The inflated balloon indicates a latent inflation on the plateau.膨胀的气球对高原指示潜在的通货膨胀.
【反】decrease slowly（慢慢减少）
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a small, very thin rubber bag that you blow air into or fill with a light gas until it is round in shape, used for decoration at parties or as a children's toy 气球
• We tied balloons and streamers to the ceiling ready for the party. 我们把气球和彩带系在天花板上，晚会的布置已准备妥当。
■(also hot-air balloon)
■a very large balloon that is filled with hot air or gas and can carry people in a basket (= container made of straw) hanging under it 热气球
• People first flew in a balloon in 1783. 人类于1783年首次乘热气球飞行。
■* a speech bubble
[bə'lu:n] noun countable
the balloon goes up
■If the balloon goes up, a situation suddenly becomes very serious or unpleasant 形势变严峻；情况变糟
• The balloon went up last Friday when the scandal became public. 自上周五丑闻公开以后，局面就变得一片混乱。
[bə'lu:n] verb intransitive
■to get bigger and rounder 像气球般膨胀
• I ballooned when I became pregnant with my second baby. 怀第二个孩子时，我胖得像个气球。
■to quickly increase in size, weight or importance （在大小、重量或重要性上）激增
• The rumours soon ballooned into a full-grown scandal. 这些传闻不久就完全演变成了一件丑闻。
vi. 激增；膨胀如气球
 - surge, sharp rise
vt. 使像气球般鼓起；使激增
 - proliferate

Word: off-road
Front: off-road
[ɔf roʊd] None
Back: adj. （车辆设计等）越野的
分布：越野(100%)
adj. 越野的
 - cross-country
adv. 越野地
 - crosscountry

Word: incandescent
Front: incandescent
[ˌɪnkænˈdesnt] (六托 16089/20142)
Vocabulary: incandescent
(once / 4122 pages)
adj
When heated, coals become incandescent, which means that they glow red-hot. You could also describe a brilliant and moving novel as incandescent.
Incandescent, like the word candle, has its origins in the Latin word candere meaning "to glow or shine." Combined with the suffix in meaning "within," its meaning can be easily pulled from the combination of its root words: "to glow or shine from within." Fire crackers are incandescent because they give off brilliant lights when heated, but look up at a blazing fireworks display, and you'll find it's quite moving, or incandescent with intensity and brilliance.
WORD FAMILY
incandescent: incandescently+/candescent: incandescent
USAGE EXAMPLES
The scary, exhilarating brightness of raw adolescence emanates from every scene of Sarah DeLappe’s incandescent portrait of an indoor soccer team.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Each uses less power than an incandescent light bulb.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
DOE even attempted to ban the incandescent light bulb.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. <术>白热的; 白炽的; <正>十分明亮的; <正>感情强烈的
分布：炽热的(49%)，光亮的(29%)，暴怒的(11%)，白热化的(11%)
→in-,进入，使，-cand,发光，燃烧，词源同candle,incense.
白热的;遇热发光的(in进入＋candescent发光)[cand=white,glow,表示"白,发光"]
【记】in进入，cand白热，escent开始…的－开始发热的－发白热光的
【参】candid（adj 无偏见的；坦白率直的）；incandescence（n 白热）
【反】dull（adj 呆滞的；阴暗的）
adjective
LIGHT 灯
■producing a bright light from a heated filament or other part 白炽的，白热的
• an incandescent lamp 白炽灯
■literary
■extremely bright 极亮的
• The mountain's snow-white peak was incandescent against the blue sky. 雪白的山顶在蓝天的映衬下十分耀眼。
[ˌɪn.kæn'des.ənt] adjective
QUALITY 品质
■showing extreme anger or happiness 极度愤怒或高兴的
• He was incandescent with rage. 他大发雷霆。
• Her beauty had an incandescent quality to it. 她貌美绝伦，光彩照人。
■extremely good, special or skilled 杰出的；卓越的
• an incandescent performance/career 炉火纯青的表演／辉煌的事业
adj. 辉耀的；炽热的；发白热光的
 - molten, fervent

Word: observant
Front: observant
[əbˈzɜ:vənt] (16107/18633)
Vocabulary: observant
(once / 1607 pages)
1adj 2adj
If you're observant, you’re paying close attention to the details. If you're really observant, you would notice the little blob of mustard on your boss's jacket and brush it off for him before he goes to his business dinner.
Your mother may be so observant that she notices every bit of dust you miss when you vacuum. But if you're so observant that you notice every coin on the sidewalk, you might soon have enough money saved to buy your mom a robo-vac. Observant can also mean that you're careful to follow laws and customs to the letter. If you’re an observant Jew or an observant Catholic, you’re following your religion’s rituals and practices very strictly.
WORD FAMILY
observant: nonobservant, observantly, unobservant+/ observable: observably, unobservable/ observance: nonobservance, observances/ observation: observational, observations/observational: observationally/ observatory: observatories/ observe: observable, observance, observant, observation, observatory, observed, observer, observes, observing/ observed: unobserved/ observer: observers/observing: observingly/unobservable: unobservably/unobservant: unobservantly/unobserved: unobservedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Fisher’s legacy includes her written words — cutting, clever, observant, self-aware and unbowed,” the science fiction writer John Scalzi wrote in The Los Angeles Times.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
But Fisher’s legacy includes her written words -- cutting, clever, observant, self-aware and unbowed.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She struck me not as a nervous person, but as a highly observant one.
Washington Post(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 善于观察的，观察力敏锐的; 严守教规的
分布：观察力敏锐的(100%)
US [-'zɝ:-] approving
adjective
■good or quick at noticing things 善于观察的；观察力敏锐的；机警的
• "That's a new dress, isn't it?" "Yes, you are observant!" “那是件新衣服，是不是？”“没错，你真是好眼力！”
adj. 善于观察的；机警的；严格遵守的
 - tricky, wary

Word: re-enact
Front: re-enact
[ˈri:iˈnækt] None
Back: vt. 再次扮演，再次展现
时态：re-enacted, re-enacting, re-enacts
分布：再次扮演 2(100%)
(also reenact) [ˌri:.ɪ'nækt] verb transitive
■If you re-enact an event, you try to make it happen again in exactly the same way that it happened the first time, often as an entertainment or as a way to help people remember certain facts about an event. 使重现；使重新发生；再次进行
• Police officers re-enacted the crime in an attempt to get witnesses to come forward. 员警重现了犯罪的经过，试图让目击证人主动站出来。
vt. 重新制定；再扮演
 - reorganize

Word: nothingness
Front: nothingness
[ˈnʌθɪŋnəs] (16067/21469)
Back: n. 无; 虚无; 不存在; 无生命
分布：虚无(76%)，不存在(20%)，毫无意义(4%)
→nothing,无，-ness,抽象名词后缀。引申词义虚无。
noun uncountable
■a state where nothing is present, or where nothing exists that is important or gives meaning to life 虚无；空虚
n. 虚无，不存在；空白；不存在的状态
 - gap, blank

Word: sightseeing
Front: sightseeing
[ˈsaɪtsi:ɪŋ] (高研四六雅 16109/15550 -1)
Back: n. 观光，游览
分布：游览(100%)
→sight,风景，see,看。
n.观光,游览
noun uncountable
■the visiting of interesting places, especially by people on holiday 观光，游览
• We did a bit of sightseeing in Paris. 我们在巴黎小小游览了一番。
• There was no time to go sightseeing in Rome. 没有时间在罗马观光游览了。
n. 观光；游览
 - tourism, pleasure trip
adj. 观光的；游览的
 - visiting, touring

Word: messaging
Front: messaging
['mesɪdʒɪŋ] (16000/-)
Back: 报文发送
分布：报文发送(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
(用计算机、手机等实现的)信息发送
Messaging is the sending of written or spoken messages using a computer or another electronic device such as a mobile phone.
例：Messaging allows real-time communication by keyboard with up to five people at any one time.电子信息发送能使多至5人同时通过键盘进行实时交流。
n. 消息传送；通知；信息传送
 - advice, information, notice
v. 发送；报信（message的ing形式）
 - sending

Word: spear
Front: spear
[spɪə(r)] (高研四六宝 8310/8899 -1)
Vocabulary: spear
(once / 245 pages)
nv
A spear consists of a long shaft that has a sharp point at one end. You might use one to go spear fishing, but that's about it. Spears are no longer the weapon of choice.
Spear also refers to the action of impaling something or someone with a spear. “Odysseus blinded the Cyclops by jamming a huge spear into its eye.” In addition to the long-shafted, pointy spear that people throw, spear is the name for the sprout of a plant. In the vegetable world, separate stalks of asparagus are called spears.
WORD FAMILY
spear: speared, spearing, spears
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Cakautavatava described the old days of hunting turtles in a fiberglass boat and spearing them through the shell.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The third, a Zulu spear, and so on.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
It’s not somber scientists who drive human ingenuity, nor the warrior class and its quest for a better spear.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 矛; 枪; （某些植物的）嫩枝; 貌，标枪
vt. 用矛刺; 用鱼叉捉; 〈美俚〉得到，捕到; 刺，戳
adj. 父系的，右边的
时态：speared, spearing, spears
分布：矛(82%)，标枪(12%)，刺穿(6%)
→来自古英语 spere,矛，标枪，来自 Proto-Germanic*speri,矛，杆，来自 sper,矛，杆，来 自 spei,尖刺，词源同 spar,spike,spire.
n.矛,枪After the rehearsal, the weary mechanic repaired the gears with shears and spear.排练完后,疲倦的机修工用剪刀和矛修理了齿轮装置.
US [spɪr] noun countable
■a weapon consisting of a pole with a sharp, usually metal, point at one end, which is either thrown or held in the hand 矛；枪；镖枪
■a thin pointed stem or leaf 嫩茎；幼芽
• asparagus spears 芦笋嫩茎
UK [spɪər] US [spɪr] verb transitive
■to push or throw a spear into an animal 用矛刺；用镖枪扎
• They catch the fish by spearing them. 他们用鱼镖刺鱼。
■to catch something on the end of a pointed tool or object （用尖利的东西）刺，戳
• He speared a meatball with his fork. 他用叉子叉起一个肉丸。
n. 矛，枪
 - pike

Word: look-alike
Front: look-alike
['lʊkəˌlaɪk] None
Vocabulary: look-alike
(once / 33015 pages)
nadj
A look-alike is someone who looks almost exactly like another person. Running into your look-alike in a big city would be quite shocking.
Some look-alikes are related, like identical twins or cousins who resemble each other to an uncanny degree. Other look-alikes are so similar to celebrities that they can make a living impersonating them. If you are a Michael Jackson look-alike, you could dress like the singer and perform at a talent show, lip syncing his song "Billie Jean" and attempting the moonwalk. Look-alike is an American word, coined around 1937.
WORD FAMILY
look-alike: look-alikes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whose Marshawn Lynch look-alike draft pick from last season, running back Matt Jones, didn’t even dress for the second half of the season?
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Donors are urged to beware of look-alike websites that searching for personal financial information and to beware emails or texts asking for donations.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
This Marianne, he claims, is an impostor, merely a look-alike who took a dead woman’s place to spy for the Third Reich.
Salon(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 面貌酷似的人
分布：面貌酷似的人(67%)，相像的(33%)
noun countable
■someone or something that is similar in appearance to someone or something else 相貌相近的人；外表相似的事物
• He's an Elvis Presley look-alike. 他长得很像猫王艾维斯‧普里斯莱。

Word: yoke
Front: yoke
[jəʊk] (六雅宝 16099/18732)
Vocabulary: yoke
(once / 611 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n
Ever seen a picture of a farm girl carrying two buckets of water hanging from ropes attached to a stick she's balancing across her shoulders? That stick on her shoulders is a yoke.
Yoke also can mean the stick that connects two work animals together, or the act of connecting two things together as with a yoke. A classic tool of farmers for centuries, the yoke has also become a symbol of oppression — no one wants to live under the yoke of a tyrant's rule. Do not confuse yoke with yolk, the yellow part of an egg.
WORD FAMILY
yoke: unyoke, yoked, yokes, yoking+/unyoke: unyoked, unyokes, unyoking
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other paintings bring to mind a lyre and a yoke or a helmet and a trident.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Streets that he had located far apart are yoked together by a corner like a pair of horses in a coachman’s fist.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
We could saddle reindeer and herd geese and yoke yaks.
New York Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 轭，架，座，偏转线圈; 奴役，羁绊，束缚，统治; （同一轭上牛的）一对牲口; 上衣抵肩
vt. 结合; 给…上轭; 结合，联结; 使成配偶
时态：yoked, yoking, yokes
分布：轭(66%)，束缚(17%)，纽带(4%)，使结合(4%)，使成配偶(3%)，轭状物(3%)，把 ... 套上轭(1%)，共轭牛(1%)，紧密联结(1%)
→来自yeug,连接，词源同join,conjugate。用于指牛轭。
【记】读：游客，需要结合在一起防止发生危险。
【反】sunder（v 分离）
US [joʊk] noun countable
WOODEN BAR 木条
■a wooden bar which is fastened over the necks of two animals, especially cattle , and connected to the vehicle or load that they are pulling 轭；（尤指）牛轭
UK [jəʊk] US [joʊk] noun countable
CLOTHES 衣服
■a fitted part of a piece of clothing, especially a strip which goes around the shoulders or waist, to which is sewn a looser piece of material 上衣抵肩；裙腰
UK [jəʊk] US [joʊk] noun countable
CONNECTION 连结 formal
■something which connects two things or people, usually in a way that unfairly limits freedom 纽带，联结；（通常指）束缚，枷锁
• the yoke of marriage 婚姻纽带
• Both countries had thrown off the communist yoke. 两国都已经摆脱了帝国主义的枷锁。
UK [jəʊk] US [joʊk] verb
WOODEN BAR 木条
transitive
■to put a yoke on animals, especially cattle , so that they are fastened together and to a connected vehicle or load 轭；（尤指）牛轭
• Two oxen yoked to a plough walked wearily up and down the field. 两头用轭套在犁上的公牛在吃力地来回耕地。
UK [jəʊk] US [joʊk] verb
CONNECT 连结
transitive often passive formal
■to combine or connect two things 联合，使结合
• All these different political elements have somehow been yoked together to form a new alliance. 所有这些不同的政治力量不知怎地结成了一个新的联盟。
n. 轭；束缚；牛轭
 - chain, restriction
vt. 结合；给…上轭
 - couple, become one, link
vi. 结合；匹配
 - bond, couple, become one, combine

Word: scrambled
Front: scrambled
[ˈskræmbld] (16110/19240)
Back: v. 快速爬行( scramble的过去式和过去分词 ); 攀登; 争夺; （军事飞机）紧急起飞
分布：扰频(100%)
VERB
(迅速地)爬,攀登
If you scramble over rocks or up a hill, you move quickly over them or up it using your hands to help you.
例：Tourists were scrambling over the rocks looking for the perfect camera angle...游客们在正爬上岩石寻找最佳的拍摄角度。
例：He scrambled up a steep bank.他攀上了一个陡峭的河堤。
VERB
仓促行动;慌忙前往
If you scramble to a different place or position, you move there in a hurried, awkward way.
例：Ann threw back the covers and scrambled out of bed...安掀开被子，急忙下了床。
例：He scrambled to his feet.他赶忙站起身来。
VERB
争夺;抢夺
If a number of people scramble for something, they compete energetically with each other for it.
例：More than three million fans are expected to scramble for tickets...预计会有超过 300 万的球迷抢购门票。
例：Business is booming and foreigners are scrambling to invest.商业繁荣，外国人争相投资。
VERB
炒(蛋)
If you scramble eggs, you break them, mix them together and then heat and stir the mixture in a pan.
例：Make the toast and scramble the eggs.把面包烤一下并炒些鸡蛋。
VERB
倒换(无线电或电话信号)的频率(使只有持特殊仪器的人才能接收)
If a device scrambles a radio or telephone message, it interferes with the sound so that the message can only be understood by someone with special equipment.
例：The latest machines scramble the messages so that the conversation cannot easily be intercepted.最新的机器对信号作扰频处理，通话就不易被侦听了。

Word: fostering
Front: fostering
['fɔ:stəɪŋ] (16047/15007)
Back: v. 培养，促进( foster的现在分词 ); 收养，养育
分布：动词(99%)，名词(1%)
ADJ
寄养的;代养的
Foster parents are people who officially take a child into their family for a period of time, without becoming the child's legal parents. The child is referred to as their foster child.
例：Little Jack was placed with foster parents...小杰克和养父母住在一起。
例：The foster mother was a wonderful, warm person.寄养母是一个很不错的热心人。
VERB
寄养;代养
If you foster a child, you take it into your family for a period of time, without becoming its legal parent.
例：She has since gone on to find happiness by fostering more than 100 children.从那以后她代养了 100 多个孩子，并从中得到快乐。
VERB
促进;鼓励;培养
To foster something such as an activity or idea means to help it to develop.
例：He said that developed countries had a responsibility to foster global economic growth to help new democracies...他说，发达国家有责任促进全球经济增长，以帮助新兴民主国家。
例：Its cash crisis has been fostered by declining property values.地产贬值引发了现金危机。
v. 养育（foster的现在分词）；哺育
 - nursing, nurturing

Word: troll
Front: troll
[trɒl] (11284/17500)
Vocabulary: troll
(once / 2791 pages)
1n 2vn 3v 4vn
A troll is a supernatural creature who is either very big or very small, ugly, and not very nice. You're most likely to read about a troll in a fairytale — perhaps trying to trick a beautiful princess into marrying him!
You’ve probably come across a troll before, maybe in The Lord of the Rings. As a verb, to troll means to wander around. You may have heard of a trolley, which is a vehicle that helps you travel around a city. The word troll more generally refers to anything that repeats itself regularly. You might troll a city, searching for a trolley, or you might troll parts of a song, repeating them one after the other to annoy your neighbors!
WORD FAMILY
troll: trolled, troller, trolling, trolls+/troller: trollers/trolling: trollings
USAGE EXAMPLES
For people targeted by Internet “trolls,” the absence of a clear solution is often the most frustrating part.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
She’s simply not as flexible as she was in 1991, when she released “Emotions”; then again, her online trolls probably aren’t either.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
If you voted for Trump and continue to support him and you think you are better than these bigoted virulent trolls, you’re not.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. （使）旋转; 合唱中的轮唱; 放声高唱; 钓（鱼）
n. 旋转，轮唱，钓鱼
时态：trolled, trolling, trolls
分布：巨人(33%)，巨怪(28%)，反复(9%)，搜索(6%)，滚动(6%)，钓饵(6%)，钓绳(6%)，用曳绳钓(6%)
→来自古诺斯语 troll,巫师，术士，占卜者，来自 Proto-Germanic*truzla,魔鬼，山精，巨怪，来 自 dra,跑，逃离，可能衍生自 der,走，跑，踩踏，词源同 trap,tread.参照电影《冰雪 女王》。troll 旋转，滚动，搜查，搜索，拖钓
US [troʊl] noun countable
CREATURE 人
■an imaginary, either very large or very small creature in traditional Scandinavian stories, that has magical powers and lives in mountains or caves （斯堪的纳维亚地区传说中的）山精，巨人，侏儒
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] noun countable
COMPUTING 计算
■someone who leaves an intentionally annoying message on the Internet, in order to get attention or cause trouble （在网际网路上为吸引别人关注或捣乱）故意留下令人生气的帖子
■a message that someone leaves on the Internet, which is intended to annoy people 网路怪论（某人留在网际网路上的资讯，目的是要让人感到烦闷）
• A well-constructed troll will provoke irate or confused responses from flamers and newbies. 精心策划的网路怪论会诱发易冲动的网友和网路新手作出种种回覆，有义愤填膺的，有充满困惑的。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
FISH 鱼
■to try to catch fish by pulling a baited line through the water behind a boat 曳绳钓鱼，拖钓（在船后于水中拖曳一个带饵的鱼线以钓鱼）
• Boats trolling for mackerel. 采用曳绳钓鲭法的船
• They were trolling the colder waters of the Channel. 他们在英吉利海峡的寒冷水域利用曳绳钓鱼。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
SEARCH 搜寻 mainly US to search among a large number or many different places in order to find people or information you want 搜寻，寻找
• They are trolling the Internet for new customers. 他们在网际网路上搜寻新顾客。
UK [trəʊl/ UK [trɒl] US [troʊl] verb intransitive or transitive
COMPUTING 计算
■to leave an insulting message on a part of the Internet for no reason （无缘由地在网际网路上某处）留下侮辱性的讯息
• Getting trolled is one of the most annoying things about buying stuff on the Internet. 在网际网路上购物，其中一件最令人讨厌的事情是被人无端留言辱骂。
vt. 轮唱，使转动；放声高唱；拖饵钓鱼
 - rotate
n. 轮唱；钓鱼
 - angler, antiphonal singing

Word: molding
Front: molding
['məʊldɪŋ] (宝 16008/-)
Back: n. 成型; 制模; 铸造; [建]凹凸形
分布：塑造物(34%)，装饰用嵌线(33%)，动词mold的现在分词形式.(33%)
→来自mold,模子，铸模。引申词义形成模子的，用于建筑学术语线脚。
n. 模塑；铸造；装饰用的嵌线
 - casting, foundry

Word: wild
Front: wild
[waɪld] (高研四六 1292/1698 -K4)
Vocabulary: wild
(once / 38 pages)
1adjadvn 2adjadv 3adj 4adj 5adj 6adj
Something that's wild lives in nature and isn't tamed. Your pet poodle isn't wild, but the groundhog that lives under your garden shed is wild.
An animal or plant in its native habitat is wild, like a wild dingo or a wild strawberry. An untamed bit of nature, like your overgrown back yard, or a stormy ocean, is also wild. If a person is wild, he might be unrestrained, crazy, or even enthusiastic — like someone who's wild about cabaret music. The term "to run wild" means to grow unrestrained, undisciplined, like a wild animal or an imagination that isn't held back by rules.
WORD FAMILY
wild: semi-wild, wildest, wildly, wildness, wilds+/wildness: wildnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Everyone, men included, seems to be in “Where the Wild Things Are” furs; coat check looks like the Bronx Zoo.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Paid events are regularly organized in Poland for foreigners who want to hunt deer, wild boar, hares or other small wild animals.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For other types of seafood, farm-raised stocks remain relatively stable when wild catches decline.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adj. 野生的; 野蛮的; 狂热的; 荒凉的
n. 荒野; 未开化的地方; 偏远地区; 人烟稀少的地区
adv. 疯狂地; 胡乱地
级别：wilder, wildest
分布：野生的(32%)，荒野(26%)，荒地(10%)，狂热的(10%)，胡乱地(8%)，野蛮的(8%)，失去控制地(4%)，未开发的(2%)
→来自welt,林地，野地，野外，词源同wold,vole.
a.野性的,野生的;野蛮的;狂热的;荒芜的In the building, the wild child hurt his mild chin on the china.在大楼里,那个粗野的孩子在瓷器上弄伤了温柔的下巴.
adjective
NOT CONTROLLED 不受控制的
 ESSENTIAL
■uncontrolled, violent or extreme 疯狂的；狂暴的；猛烈的
• a wild party 狂野的派对
• wild dancing 狂舞
• The audience burst into wild applause. 观众爆发出热烈的掌声。
• When I told him what I'd done, he went wild (= became very angry). 当我告诉他我的所作所为时，他暴跳如雷。
• The children were wild with excitement (= were extremely excited). 孩子们欣喜若狂。
• Her eyes were wild/She had a wild look in her eyes (= Her eyes were wide open, as if she were frightened, or mentally ill). 她眼睛大睁着，眼中充满惊恐。
• His hair was wild (= long and untidy) and his clothes full of holes. 他的头发又长又乱，衣服上都是洞。
• There have been wild (= extreme) variations in the level of spending. 消费水准有着极大的差别。
• They get some wild weather (= many severe storms) in the north. 北方暴风雨很多。
• It was a wild (= stormy or very windy) night, with the wind howling and the rain pouring down. 那是一个暴风雨大作的夜晚，狂风怒吼，大雨倾盆。
■slang
■very unusual, often in a way that is attractive or exciting 不寻常的；极棒的；非凡的
• Those are wild trousers you're wearing, Fi. 你穿的裤子可真棒，弗埃。
[waɪld] adjective
NATURAL 自然的
 IMPROVER
■describes plants or animals that live or grow independently of people, in natural conditions and with natural characteristics 野生的；未经栽培的；未经驯化的
• wild flowers/grasses 野花／野草
• a herd of wild horses 一群野马
 ADVANCED
■describes land that is not used to grow crops and has few people living in it 荒无人烟的；未经开垦的
• a wild mountainous region 荒无人烟的山区
[waɪld] adjective
NOT THOUGHT ABOUT 未经考虑的
wild accusation/guess/rumour
■something that you say which is not based on facts and is probably wrong 毫无根据的指控／猜测／谣言
[waɪld] adjective
be wild about sth/sb informal
■to be very enthusiastic about something or someone 对…非常狂热
• I'm not wild about Thai food. 我对印度食品不是很感兴趣。
[waɪld] adjective
wild horses wouldn't drag me
■If you say wild horses would not drag you somewhere, you mean that nothing could persuade you to go there 任何事情也不能劝说我做…；八匹马也拉不了我回头
• Wild horses wouldn't drag me to a party tonight. 今晚我坚决不去参加派对。
[waɪld] noun
in the wild
■in natural conditions, independent of humans 在野生环境中
• Animals would produce more young in the wild than they do in the zoo. 动物在野生环境中的产崽数量要比在动物园里多。
in the wilds (of somewhere)
■in an area which is far from where people usually live and difficult to get to, and that is not considered easy to live in 荒野；偏远地区
• She lives somewhere in the wilds of Borneo. 她住在婆罗洲荒野中的某个地方。
stormy, wild, fierce, turbulent, violent
这组词都有“剧烈的，凶猛的，狂暴的”的意思，其区别是：
stormy: 指风雨大作，也指人很激动的感情。
wild: 普通用词，既可指自然界的荒芜，未被驯化状态，又指人的无法无天，不文明的野蛮行为。
fierce: 普通用词，指人或兽的凶猛残酷。
turbulent: 正式用词，多用描写风和水，也可指心神不定或控制不住的感情波动。
violent: 普通用词，指人时侧重极为不安，异常激，暗含有达或暴力行为；也指破坏性的或不可控制的自然力量。
adj. 野生的；野蛮的；狂热的；荒凉的
 - crazy, field, enthusiastic, desert
n. 荒野
 - Sahara, moorland
adv. 疯狂地；胡乱地
 - random, madly

Word: leaguer
Front: leaguer
['li:gə] (16051/-)
Back: n. （联盟、联合会等的）盟员; 会员; 成员; 围攻
vt. 围攻
分布：围攻(44%)，盟员(42%)，同盟者(14%)
n. 围攻；盟员
 - besiegement, besetment
vt. 围攻
 - beleaguer, siege

Word: cardigan
Front: cardigan
[ˈkɑ:dɪgən] (16083/12562 -1)
Vocabulary: cardigan
(once / 45285 pages)
n
A cardigan is a sweater that opens in front. Your favorite cardigan might have pearl buttons and pockets.
Unlike a sweater that you pull on over your head, a cardigan is shrugged on over the shoulders and buttons, zips, or snaps up the front — or is worn open, with no fasteners at all. During the Crimean War in the 1800s, English general James Thomas Brudenell's troops wore jackets that opened in front, and since he was the 7th Earl of Cardigan, these garments — and future open-front sweaters — were known as cardigans.
WORD FAMILY
cardigan: cardigans
USAGE EXAMPLES
To offset that 11-pound limit, I dressed in layers on travel day: Keds, socks, jeans, a tank top, cardigan, button-down flannel shirt and raincoat.
Washington Post(Oct 20, 2016)
The silence he left was heavy but comfortable, like a well-worn, prickly cardigan on a bitter morning.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
He was “the boss” in a cardigan sweater, with a gruff mouth and sometimes mismatched socks.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. 毛衣，羊毛衫; 羊毛背心; 开襟绒线衫
分布：开襟羊毛衫(100%)
→因英国将军Cardigan伯爵James Thomas Brudenell在19世纪指挥英俄克里米亚战争时穿着而得名。
US ['kɑ:r-/ (UK informal cardy) (also cardie)
noun countable
 ADVANCED
■a piece of clothing made from wool, which covers the upper part of the body and the arms, fastening at the front with buttons, and usually worn over other clothes 开襟毛衣；开襟羊毛衫
n. 羊毛衫，开襟羊毛衫（等于cardigan sweater）
 - knitted sweater, woolen sweater

Word: rescind
Front: rescind
[rɪˈsɪnd] (宝 16113/15214 -1)
Vocabulary: rescind
(once / 4513 pages)
v
If get a call saying a company has decided to rescind your job offer, it's back to the classifieds for you. Rescind is an official reversal.
Things that are rescinded: policies, court decisions, regulations, and official statements. What all these examples have in common is that they are on the record. Also, rescind usually refers to promises instead of tangible objects. You can't rescind a shirt a friend has borrowed from you, but you can rescind your offer to loan them your jeans.
WORD FAMILY
rescind: recission, rescindable, rescinded, rescinding, rescinds, rescission +/ rescission: rescissions
USAGE EXAMPLES
The grant of power to a president implies the power to rescind it.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
After applying for more than 100 jobs, he received a dozen offers, all rescinded after background checks.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The order was rescinded but other measures were employed that were equally lethal.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 废除; 撤销
时态：rescinded, rescinding, rescinds
分布：取消(54%)，废除(46%)
→re-,向后，往回，-scind,砍，切，词源同 shed,scissors.即砍掉，引申词义废除，取消。
【记】re反，sci切，nd－反切掉－废除读：来新的－所以要废除旧的
【反】levy（v 征收；征用）；institute（v 创立；开始）
[rɪ'sɪnd] formal
verb transitive
■to make a law, agreement, order or decision no longer have any (legal) power 废除；取消；撤销
• The policy of charging air travellers for vegetarian meals proved unpopular and has already been rescinded. 事实证明，航空公司向素食主义乘客收取素餐费的做法不得人心，因而已被取消。
vi. 解除；废除；撤回
 - release from, want out

Word: tanned
Front: tanned
[tænd] (16054/16904)
Back: [医]鞣酸处理的
分布：棕褐色(42%)，晒黑(33%)，棕褐色的(16%)，黝黑(9%)
N-SING
晒黑的皮肤
If you have a tan, your skin has become darker than usual because you have been in the sun.
例：She is tall and blonde, with a permanent tan.她高个儿，一头金发，皮肤黝黑。
V-ERG
(使)(皮肤)晒黑
If a part of your body tans or if you tan it, your skin becomes darker than usual because you spend a lot of time in the sun.
例：I have very pale skin that never tans...我皮肤很白，怎么也晒不黑。
例：I don't tan...我不愿晒黑。
COLOUR
棕黄色;黄褐色
Something that is tan is a light brown colour.
例：...a tan leather jacket.棕黄色皮夹克
VERB
鞣(革);硝(皮)
To tan animal skins means to make them into leather by treating them with tannin or other chemicals.
例：...the process of tanning animal hides.鞣革的过程
adj. 被晒成棕褐色的；深褐色的；已鞣制的
 - brunet
v. 晒黑（tan的过去分词）
 - sunburned

Word: gruff
Front: gruff
[grʌf] (托宝 16108/19553)
Vocabulary: gruff
(once / 1183 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gruff is an abrupt or forbidding tone. It's the kind of short, brusque response you'd give a telemarketer who called you in the middle of dinner — right before you hung up.
Gruff is the perfect adjective to describe a crotchety old man who rarely leaves his house and yells at any children who dare to cross his lawn. You can almost imagine the rough tone of his voice as he points his cane at those pesky "trespassers," his deep, terrifying bark, causing all the children on his lawn to immediately scatter.
WORD FAMILY
gruff: gruffer, gruffest, gruffly, gruffness
USAGE EXAMPLES
A grunt and a gruff acceptance usually followed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Sager never faulted Popovich for his gruff attitude during those interviews.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Fisher rarely smiled and his gruff voice was monotone.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. （声音）粗哑的; 生硬的; （人的行为）冷淡的; 态度生硬的
级别：gruffer, gruffest
分布：生硬的(35%)，粗鲁的(28%)，粗哑的(25%)，粗糙的(12%)
→词源不详。可能来自拟声词，模仿沙哑的声音。
【记】读：格拉夫－如果你们听她说话，比较象张柏芝，特粗哑，但是人并不粗野。参：graft格拉夫（v 嫁接；贪污）读：g，rough（adj 粗糙的；粗野的；粗暴的）
adjective
■(of a person's voice) low and unfriendly, or (of a person's behaviour) unfriendly or showing no patience （声音）低沉而生硬的，粗声粗气的；（行为）不友好的，不耐烦的，粗暴的
• "If you must, " came the gruff reply. “你一定要做的就去做吧。”对方生硬地回答道。
• He's quite a sweet man beneath the gruff exterior. 他粗中有细。
adj. 粗暴的；粗哑的；脾气坏的
 - outrageous, bearish
vt. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说
 - mouth off
vi. 粗鲁地说；生硬地说话
 - mouth off

Word: unintentionally
Front: unintentionally
[ˌʌnɪn'tenʃənəlɪ] (16125/18903)
Back: adv. 非故意地，非存心地; 无意之中
分布：非故意地(100%)
ADJ
非故意的；无心的
Something that is unintentional is not done deliberately, but happens by accident.
例：Perhaps he had slightly misled them, but it was quite unintentional...也许他给他们造成了小小的误导，但他不是有意的。
例：There are moments of unintentional humour.有几个并非出于本意的引人发笑之处。
adv. 无意地；非故意地；非存心地
 - inadvertently

Word: tainted
Front: tainted
[teɪntid] (16126/32878)
Vocabulary: tainted
(once / 1568 pages)
adj
If something's tainted, it's ruined or spoiled. If you leave milk on the counter overnight, it could be tainted. But a charity that uses its funds to buy board members tropical vacations could also be considered tainted.
The adjective tainted describes a person or thing that's been touched by rot or corruption. Many think that young minds can become morally tainted by violence on TV. If evidence at a crime scene is handled improperly, it could be considered tainted and can't be used at trial. You've probably heard about foods like spinach and peanut butter being recalled because they have been potentially tainted with salmonella.
WORD FAMILY
tainted: untainted +/ taint: tainted, tainting, taints/ untainted: untaintedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
I hardly touched it, believing it to be tainted, stained.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Prosecutors say the center used expired ingredients and failed to follow cleanliness standards, resulting in tainted steroid injections.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In response to these concerns, Tesla denied that the sources of its battery materials are tainted by abuses.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 腐坏的; 污染的; 沾污的; 感染的
v. 使变质( taint的过去式和过去分词 ); 使污染; 败坏; 被污染，腐坏，败坏
分布：污染的(82%)，感染的(16%)，动词taint的过去式和过去分词.(2%)
【反】wholesome（adj 卫生的；健康的）；unspoiled（adj 未损坏的）；pristine（adj 质朴纯洁的）；unadulterated（adj 没有搀杂的）；unblemished（adj 无疵的）
VERB
玷污，毁坏，损害，败坏(地位、名誉)
If a person or thing is tainted by something bad or undesirable, their status or reputation is harmed because they are associated with it.
例：Opposition leaders said that the elections had been tainted by corruption.反对派领导人说，选举中存在舞弊现象。
例：...a series of political scandals that has tainted the political stars of a generation.令一整代政治明星声名染上污点的一系列政治丑闻
N-COUNT
(地位、名誉的)玷污，污点，瑕疵
A taint is an undesirable quality which spoils the status or reputation of someone or something.
例：Her government never really shook off the taint of corruption...她的政府从来没有真正摆脱掉腐败的阴影。
例：She could smell the taint of sin in the most innocent of passions.哪怕是再纯真的恋情她也能从中嗅出罪恶的味道。
VERB
污染，毁坏(食品、药品)
If an unpleasant substance taints food or medicine, the food or medicine is spoiled or damaged by it.
例：Rancid oil will taint the flavour.变质的油会破坏味道。
例：...blood tainted with the AIDS and hepatitis viruses.被艾滋病毒和肝炎病毒污染的血液
adj. 污染的；感染的
 - pollutional, soiled

Word: sweatshop
Front: sweatshop
[ˈswetʃɒp] (16082/36277)
Vocabulary: sweatshop
(once / 20274 pages)
n
A sweatshop is a factory where workers are exploited and not allowed to unionize. You might not sweat in a sweatshop, but you probably work hard and under lousy conditions.
In a sweatshop, workers slave away in poor conditions for low pay. Sweatshop workers — who often make clothing — aren't allowed to form unions, so they cannot protest their poor working conditions. In repressive countries that aren't looking out for their citizens, you're more likely to find sweatshops. An American corporation that uses sweatshops overseas could find itself in a lot of trouble.
WORD FAMILY
sweatshop: sweatshops
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, in the nineties, Nike faced a boycott over its reliance on sweatshop labor.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And China, he writes, is killing millions of U.S. jobs with products mass produced in pollution-spewing sweatshops using “slave” labor.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Murillo read it, and was amazed at how resonant it was—its depiction of the slave sounded very similar to what he’d heard about sweatshops.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. 血汗工厂（指工人劳动条件差，工作时间长，工资低的工场或工厂）
分布：名词(100%)
US [-ʃɑ:p] disapproving
noun countable
■a small factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions 血汗工厂； 剥削劳力的工厂
• sweatshop conditions 血汗工厂的工作条件

Word: slog
Front: slog
[slɒg] (16121/19442 -1)
Vocabulary: slog
(once / 8085 pages)
v
When you slog, you toil at something, working hard and often slowly to get a difficult job done. You might slog with your shovel through the pile of snow in your driveway.
A worker might slog through a pile of papers on her desk, or slog long and hard on a construction crew. In either case, the job requires persistence and determination. Another way to slog is to walk with difficulty, the way someone might slog along a muddy road to the gas station after getting a flat tire. The original meaning of slog was "hit hard," possibly as a variation of slug.
WORD FAMILY
slog: slogged, slogger, slogging, slogs+/slogger: sloggers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The long slog to fund road and bridge repairs continues in 2017.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He faces a devil’s choice between slogging through another season at the outdated Qualcomm Stadium or becoming the second team in Los Angeles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
But many just slog through, buying less and selling less and waiting for the cherry blossoms to bring more life to lunchtime.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 猛击; 步履艰难地行; 努力苦干
n. 苦干; 吃力地行进
时态：slogged, slogging, slogs
分布：猛击(44%)，苦干(21%)，艰难行进(14%)，苦工(7%)，长途跋涉(7%)，决出胜负(7%)
→可能来自 slug 拼写变体，词义由猛击引申为埋头苦干，坚持不懈。
US [slɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
WORK HARD 努力工作
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition mainly UK informal
■to work hard over a long period, especially doing work that is difficult or boring 苦干，锲而不舍地做（尤指困难或乏味的工作）
• I've been slogging away for days on this essay and I'm still not finished. 我为了这篇文章已经埋头苦干好几天了，但还没有完成。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to travel or move with difficulty, for example through wet, sticky soil or snow, or when you are very tired 艰难行进，跋涉
• Despite the rain, they slogged on for another six miles. 尽管下着雨，他们还是又艰难跋涉了六哩路。
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] verb (-gg-)
HIT HARD 猛击
transitive UK
■to hit a ball hard and often in an uncontrolled way （不加控制地）猛击（球）
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] noun
HARD WORK 艰苦工作
only singular mainly UK informal
■a period of difficult or tiring effort 一段时间的艰苦努力
• The exams were a real hard slog but I'm glad I did them. 这些考试确实非常艰难，但我很高兴自己完成了。
• That last hill before the finishing-line was a long slog! 终点线前的最后一座小山是一段漫长而艰难的赛程！
UK [slɒg] US [slɑ:g] noun
HARD HIT 猛击
countable UK informal
■a very hard, and often uncontrolled hit （不加控制的）猛击
• And that was a real slog from Kumar. 那是库马尔的一次真正的大力击球。
vt. 猛击；步履艰难地行
 - jab at, lash out
vi. 猛击；顽强行进
 - drive, belt
n. 苦干；跋涉
 - tug

Word: moot
Front: moot
[mu:t] (16127/14627 -1)
Vocabulary: moot
(once / 4484 pages)
adjvn
When a point is moot, it's too trivial to think about. If your basketball team loses by 40 points, the bad call by the official in the first quarter is moot: it isn't important.
Though moot can mean to debate endlessly without any clear decision or to think about something carefully, it most often describes ideas and arguments that don't really matter. If your plane is crashing, whether or not your socks match is a moot point. When someone accuses you of making a moot point, he's basically saying, "Come on! Let's talk about what's important." As with so many things, people don't always agree on what's moot and what's not.
WORD FAMILY
moot: mooted, mooting, moots
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps it’s time to inform Ms. Weingarten and her entrenched American Federation of Teachers that the Constitution is moot on destroying public neighborhood schoolhouses.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The 2-point conversion attempt was a disaster, but it wound up being moot.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
The 2-point conversion attempt was a disaster, but it wound up being moot.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 大会; 辩论会; 假设案件
adj. 未决议的; 无实际意义的; 有讨论余地的
vt. 提出…供讨论; 提出（问题）; （在假设法庭上）实习辩论
时态：mooted, mooting, moots
分布：未决议的(23%)，大会(21%)，辩论会(21%)，讨论会(15%)，使成为无实用性的东西(10%)，抽象论的(10%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*motan,集会，会面，词源同meet.引申词义大会，讨论会。后作为法学院学生俚语用以指模拟辩论，模拟开庭，并引申讽刺词义无实际意义的。
verb transitive formal
■to suggest something for discussion 提出…供讨论
• The idea was first mooted as long ago as the 1840s. 早在19世纪40年代，这个观点就首次被提出进行讨论了。
• His name was mooted as a possible successor. 作为可能的接班人，他的名字被提出讨论。
[mu:t] adjective
DISCUSSION 讨论
■often discussed or argued about and having no definite answer 有讨论余地的；未决的
• It's a moot point whether building more roads reduces traffic congestion. 修筑新路是否可以减少交通堵塞是个争论未决的问题。
[mu:t] adjective
LEGAL CASE 案例 mainly US legal
■having no practical use or meaning 无实际意义的
• The district attorney said if McVeigh was given the death penalty and his conviction was upheld on appeal, the state prosecution would become moot. 地方检查官称，如果麦克维被判死刑而且上诉后维持原判，那么提出州诉讼就没有意义了。
[mu:t] noun countable specialized
■a trial or discussion dealing with an imaginary legal case, performed by students as part of their legal training but in exactly the same way as a real one （法学院学生的）模拟审判，模拟案件讨论
• a moot court 模拟法庭
n. 大会；辩论会；假设案件
 - convention, debate

Word: expiration
Front: expiration
[ˌekspəˈreɪʃn] (宝 16118/27079)
Vocabulary: expiration
(once / 1749 pages)
1n 2n
Expiration is what happens when a lease or contract — or a period of time — has ended. The expiration of your library card means you need to sign up for a new one.
You might notice that your container of yogurt is marked with a date — it's the expiration date, or the day the product is no longer fresh enough to be sold or eaten. Other things with expiration dates include magazine subscriptions, rental agreements, and drivers' licenses. All of these are a sort of contract that eventually ends, or expires. When you breathe out, that's technically also expiration, from the Latin expirare, "breathe out," or "breathe one's last breath."
WORD FAMILY
expiration: expirations+/ expire: expiration, expiratory, expired, expires, expiring/expired: unexpired
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the meantime, the current contract will be extended beyond the Jan. 1 expiration.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The five-year deal was agreed to Nov. 30, about 3½ hours before the expiration of the previous contract.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
But expiration of the provision afterward does not mean that disclosure will necessarily follow.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 满期; 截止; 呼气; （气的）呼出
分布：期满(56%)，终止(26%)，呼气(12%)，呼出(6%)
断气;期满(expire+ation)[spir=breathe表示"呼吸"]
N-UNCOUNT
告终;期满;截止
The expiration of a fixed period of time is its ending.
例：...a few hours before the expiration of the midnight deadline.午夜最后期限截止前的几个小时
n. [生理] 呼气；终结；届期
 - expired air, aspiration

Word: corrosive
Front: corrosive
[kəˈrəʊsɪv] (托宝 16120/19916)
Vocabulary: corrosive
(once / 5949 pages)
adjn
A corrosive substance, like hydrochloric acid, will eat away most things on which it is spilled. Watch out in chemistry lab: you wouldn't want to destroy your homework, desk, or worse, your own skin by spilling something corrosive on it.
The word corrosive comes from the Latin word, corrodere, meaning "to gnaw away." Rodere (to gnaw) is the same root word for rodent, so you can remember the word corrosive because something that is corrosive gnaws through things like a rodent. The adjective corrosive is also used to describe something that is bitingly or spitefully sarcastic. If you're known for your corrosive wit, you probably don't win any popularity contests.
WORD FAMILY
corrosive: corrosively, corrosives+/ corrode: corroded, corrodes, corroding, corrosion, corrosive /corroding: corrodings/ corrosion: corrosions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Israel’s refusal to curtail what the White House called “corrosive” settlement expansion ultimately led to a U.N.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Among the reasons for Mr. Trump’s win is the corrosive state of the nation’s culture, from the opioid crisis to political correctness.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Dealers will replace the secondary latches in cold-weather states where corrosive salt is used to clear the roads.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: adj. 腐蚀性的; 侵蚀性的; （对社会、个人情感等）有害的; （语言）激烈的
n. 腐蚀性物品
分布：腐蚀性的(54%)，腐蚀的(33%)，腐蚀物(7%)，蚀坏的(3%)，腐蚀药(3%)
→来自corrode, 腐蚀。
腐蚀性的(cor+ros+ive)[rod,ros=bite,表示"咬"]
【记】源于：erosive（adj 侵蚀性的）
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
■A corrosive substance causes damage by chemical action 腐蚀性的，侵蚀性的
• a highly corrosive acid 强腐蚀性酸
■harmful and causing bad feelings 有害的，有危害性的；恶劣的
• the corrosive influence of racism 种族主义的恶劣影响
adj. [助剂] 腐蚀的；侵蚀性的
 - erosive, rusty

Word: silverware
Front: silverware
[ˈsɪlvəweə(r)] (16097/22151)
Back: n. 银器，镀银器皿（尤指餐具）; （体育比赛中的）银杯; 银餐具
分布：银器(78%)，银餐具(22%)
→silver,银，ware,器具，器皿。
US [-vɚ.wer] noun uncountable
■objects, especially knives, forks, spoons, etc., made of silver 银器（尤指家用器皿）
US
■knives, forks, spoons, etc. made of steel or other materials 钢质（或其他材料制成的）家用器皿

Word: expletive
Front: expletive
[ɪkˈspli:tɪv] (16119/23042)
Vocabulary: expletive
(once / 6169 pages)
n
An expletive is a swear word, a curse you let out when you are startled or mad. You probably already know a lot of expletives, but you don’t need to see them here, no way in heck.
An expletive is a vulgar word that will greatly upset your grandmother if you say it in her presence. An expletive usually sneaks out because you get surprised or angry, like if you stub your toe, you might yell out an expletive. Even though you did it by accident, one of your parents still might put a bar of soap in your mouth, so watch your words. In a pinch, try these substitutes: fudge, sugar, heck, and walrus.
WORD FAMILY
expletive: expletives
USAGE EXAMPLES
For her, the trouble is not so much the expletive but the idea “that half the world is terrible.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Audiences were shocked by the play’s irreverence, nonsense language and profanity — the first word is an expletive — and more or less rioted in the theater.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Under cross examination, Manzo said that Tanaka was furious in briefings about the inmate, using one expletive after another about the FBI.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 感叹词，咒骂语
分布：填补的(23%)，附加的(20%)，咒骂语(15%)，填充词(12%)，感叹的(10%)，多余的(10%)，感叹词(10%)
→ex-, 向外。-ple, 满的，词源同full, fulfill. 即拿出去的，后用来指不便刊印的脏话，咒骂语。
US ['ek.splə.tˌɪv] noun countable formal
■a swear word 咒骂语；粗话
• She dropped the book on her foot and let out a row/string of expletives. 她手里的书砸到她的脚，痛得她咒骂一通。
expletive deleted
■used when a swear word has been removed from a report of what someone has said 删去脏话
adj. 附加的；填补的
 - additional, attached, plus, more, second
n. 填补物；咒骂语
 - infilling

Word: lettering
Front: lettering
[ˈletərɪŋ] (16122/14855)
Back: n. （印刷或手写的）字体; 刻字
分布：刻字(78%)，印字(16%)，动词letter的现在分词.(6%)
→letter,字母，-ing,集合名词后缀。
【记】letter（n 文字；v 用印刷体字母印刷）
US ['letˌ.ɚ-] noun uncountable
■writing in a particular colour, style etc 字体，字样
• a black box with gold lettering 印有金字的黑盒子

Word: judgmental
Front: judgmental
[dʒʌdʒ'mentl] (16131/37647)
Vocabulary: judgmental
(once / 48640 pages)
adj
Oddly enough, people with good judgment are not usually considered judgmental. Judgmental is a negative word to describe someone who often rushes to judgment without reason.
The adjective judgmental describes someone who forms lots of opinions — usually harsh or critical ones — about lots of people. Judgmental types are not open-minded or easygoing. Judgmental has the word judge at its root, which itself is from the Latin word judicem, which also means "to judge." Judgemental (with an extra "e") is considered a legitimate variant spelling of judgmental.
WORD FAMILY
judgmental: nonjudgmental +/ judge: judged, judges, judgeship, judging, judgment, misjudge, prejudge /judged: ill-judged/judgeship: judgeships/judging: judgings/ judgment: judgmental, judgments/ misjudge: misjudged, misjudges, misjudging/ nonjudgmental: nonjudgmentally/ prejudge: prejudged, prejudges, prejudging
USAGE EXAMPLES
They leered across the bar throwing judgmental daggers at the laughter and sparkles.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
When she says something snarky or judgmental, say there’s no call for that — or just, “Really?”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
On both sides, it resulted in jealousy, accusations, stand-offs and judgmental comments about their estates.
Slate(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: adj. 审判的
分布：审判的(75%)，武断的(25%)
US [-tˌəl] adjective disapproving
■too quick to criticize people 动辄就品头论足的，动不动就批评人的
• You must try not to be so judgmental about people. 你该试着不对别人妄加批评。

Word: censor
Front: censor
[ˈsensə(r)] (六托雅宝 10997/18562 -1)
Vocabulary: censor
(once / 647 pages)
1nv 2n
A censor takes out things that are objectionable or inappropriate, like the censors at the TV networks bleeping out all the bad words in a show.
To put it simply, a censor judges. Originating in the 1530’s, a censor was originally a Roman magistrate who took censuses and oversaw public morals. Censors today are hired by TV stations, publishers and the government to examine books, films and other material and strip out or flag all the amoral, offensive or otherwise bad stuff. Thankfully, in the U.S. free speech usually wins out over censorship.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
censor / censure
A censor hides information. A censure is harsh criticism. They're both judgments and they both stink.
Foul language, nudity, and revolutionary ideas are often censored, or hidden, by some gang who's in charge, such as a government, the FCC, or your parents when they kick you out of the room for the best part of the movie. Censor can act as a verb or a noun:
But Iran routinely censors the Internet using sophisticated filtering technology. (Wall Street Journal)
The catalog reproduces a news photograph of "beach censors" arresting women in such offending garb. (New York Times)
Censure is a strong dislike. When you strongly disapprove of something, usually in an official capacity, you are censuring that something, like when the student council censures your idea to have a pool party in December. Here are more examples:
"They're tired of being censured or criticized," Dr. McKenna said. (Time)
While Maud, still smarting inwardly from her father's recent sharp censure, had not dared to brave Mr. Warren's certain anger by doing so. (Laura Dent Crane)
They sound alike but not the same: censor sounds like senser and censure sounds like senshure. Remember: to be censored is to be stopped from saying something; to be censured is to be reprimanded after you've said it.
WORD FAMILY
censor: censored, censorial, censoring, censorious, censors, censorship +/censored: uncensored/censoring: censorings/ censorious: censoriously/ censorship: censorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
His government imprisoned democratic critics and censored the press.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
To be censored and blocked rightfully naming the rise of fascism is a form of fascism itself and corporate collaboration.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
The one concession will be that the game will be broadcast with a five-second delay — just enough time to censor any colorful language.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 监察官，检查员; （牛津大学等的）学监; [心理]潜意识压抑力; [心]抑制性潜意识
vt. 审查，检查; 审查（书刊等）; 检查（信件等）; 删改
时态：censored, censoring, censors
分布：检查(54%)，检查员(32%)，监察官(14%)
→来自census，审查。
审查员(cens+or→判断之人→审查员)[cens=judge表示"判断"]
【记】原指：古罗马监察官负责人口调查、监察人民行为和社会风尚读：三色－三级和色情的简称－要审查一下读：三思－审查需要三思而后行
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■a person whose job is to read books, watch films, etc. in order to remove anything offensive from them, or who reads private letters, especially sent during war or from prison, to remove parts considered unsuitable （书籍、电影等的）审查员，审查官；（尤指战时或监狱中私人书信的）检查员
UK ['sent.sər] US [-sɚ] verb transitive
■to remove anything offensive from books, films, etc., or to remove parts considered unsuitable from private letters, especially sent during war or from a prison 审查（对书、电影等进行删改，以筛除当中冒犯粗劣的内容，也指对战时或监狱中所写的私人书信的检查，删除其中不当的部分）
• The book was heavily censored when first published. 这本书首次出版时经过了严格的审查。
vt. 审查，检查
 - examine, review, inspect
n. 检查员； [心理] 潜意识压抑力；信件检查员
 - supervisor, inspector

Word: mythological
Front: mythological
[ˌmɪθəˈlɒdʒɪkl] (16106/20197)
Vocabulary: mythological
(once / 3452 pages)
adj
Anything mythological is related to a fable, legend, or other traditional story. As much as some of us don’t want to admit it, mythological creatures aren't real.
A mythology is a collection of traditional stories about characters such as deities, heroes, and fanciful creatures. Anything related to a mythology is mythological. Creatures such as unicorns and the Kraken are mythological, as are elves, dragons, and goblins. This word applies to beings and events that can't be verified by facts. Something mythological can also be described as mythic, mythical, or mythologic.
WORD FAMILY
mythology: mythologic, mythological, mythologies, mythologise, mythologist, mythologize +/demythologise: demythologised/demythologize: demythologization, demythologized, demythologizes, demythologizing/mythologic: mythologically/mythologisation: demythologisation/mythologise: demythologise, mythologisation, mythologising/mythologist: mythologists/ mythologize: demythologize, mythologization, mythologized, mythologizes, mythologizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a genuinely mythological figure, I think, though not in a pop star way.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
“As this history recedes into the background and fewer and fewer people remember it, the more mythological it becomes,” he said.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Mr. Sun’s “Mythological Time” depicts his hometown, Fuxin in Liaoning, a frigid province wedged between North Korea and Inner Mongolia.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 神话的; 虚构的
分布：神话的(63%)，神话学的(37%)
US [-ə'lɑ:.dʒɪ-] adjective
■connected with myths 神话学的；神话（中）的
• a mythological hero/creature 神话中的英雄／动物
adj. 神话的；神话学的；虚构的
 - fictitious, imaginary

Word: dictate
Front: dictate
[dɪkˈteɪt] (研四六托雅宝 4933/4665 -2)
Vocabulary: dictate
(once / 208 pages)
nv
When you dictate something, you are giving orders — acting a bit like a dictator.
Dictate can also be used in a broader sense. Weather often dictates how many layers of clothes you wear, and the school rules dictate how you behave in and out of class. In a very different meaning, dictate means to say something out loud to a person or into a machine so it can be recorded. Up until fairly recently, bosses dictated letters and reports to secretaries who wrote them down.
WORD FAMILY
dictate: dictated, dictates, dictating, dictation, dictator +/ dictation: dictations/ dictator: dictatorial, dictators, dictatorship /dictatorial: dictatorially/ dictatorship: dictatorships
USAGE EXAMPLES
Geneva 1 dictates that there should be a governing body with full authority of the president, according to the Syrian constitution.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The spokesman spoke anonymously as dictated by agency policy.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
My left hand dictates the steering wheel, while my right hand is clasped to Becca’s manicured fingers.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 口述; 命令，指示; 使听写; 控制，支配
vi. 口述; 命令
时态：dictated, dictating, dictates
分布：规定(37%)，口授(24%)，听写(16%)，指挥(13%)，指令(10%)
→来自词根dict, 说，命令，词源同dictionary.
口授;命令;听写(dict+ate说话→口授,命令)[dict,dic=say,assert,表示"说话,断言"]
v.口授;(使)听写;指令,指示,命令;The teacher dictated to the whole class.老师给全班同学作了听写.
【记】dict讲话，命令；参：abdicate（v 退位；放弃）
【参】dictator（n 独裁者；口授令他人笔录者）；
US [ˈ--]
GIVE ORDERS 下命令
 ADVANCED intransitive or transitive
■to give orders, or state something exactly, with total authority 命令，下（令）；决定，规定
• The UN will dictate the terms of troop withdrawal from the region. 联合国将决定军队从该地区撤军的条件。
• [+ question word] He disagrees with the government dictating wh at children are taught in schools. 他不同意由政府来决定孩子在学校学习哪些课程。
• [+ that] The tennis club rules dictate that suitable footwear must be worn on the courts. 网球俱乐部的规则规定上场必须穿适当的运动鞋。
 ADVANCED transitive
■to influence something or make it necessary 影响；决定；要求
• The party's change of policy has been dictated by its need to win back the support of voters. 该党政策上的变化是由于它需要赢回选民的支持。
• [+ that] I wanted to take a year off, but my financial situation dictated that I got a job. 我想休息一年，但我的经济状况迫使我必须工作。
verb UK [dɪkˈteɪt] US [ˈ--]
SPEAK 说
intransitive or transitive
■to speak something aloud for a person or machine to record the words said, so that they can be written down 口述，口授
• I dictated my order over the phone. 我透过电话口述了命令。
• She spent the morning dictating letters to her secretary. 她花了一上午的时间向秘书口述信件。
verb UK [dɪkˈteɪt] US [ˈ--]
  Phrasal Verbs  dictate to sb
■to tell someone what to do 告诉（某人）怎么做，指挥（某人）
• The President is so powerful that he is able to dictate to the government. 总统的权力很大，他能够指挥政府。
• I will not be dictated to like that! 我不愿意那样受人摆布！
noun countable usually plural /ˈdɪk.teɪt/ formal
■an order which should be obeyed, often one which you give to yourself 命令；（对自身的）要求
• the dictates of conscience/common sense 良心／情理的驱使
Compare diktat
vt. 命令；口述；使听写
 - require, order, command
n. 命令；指示
 - instruction, order, bidding, telling, word

Word: allegorical
Front: allegorical
[ˌælə'ɡɒrɪkl] (16044/24075)
Vocabulary: allegorical
(once / 3017 pages)
adj
The story about the dog who sees his reflection in a lake, thinks it's another dog, then drops his bone in the water trying to snatch the reflected bone, is allegorical. Allegorical means containing a moral or hidden meaning.
Allegorical stories and plays use concrete ideas as symbols for deeper or layered meanings. Folk tales and fables are often allegorical. Visual art, like paintings, can also be allegorical, with religious or even political messages symbolized by painted figures. The Greek word for allegory, allegoria, comes from allos, "another," and agoreuein, "speak openly. So if you speak of one thing, but mean something else, that's allegorical.
WORD FAMILY
allegorical: allegorically+/allegorise: allegorised, allegoriser, allegorises, allegorising/allegorize: allegorized, allegorizer, allegorizes, allegorizing/ allegory: allegoric, allegorical, allegories, allegorise, allegorize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Tolle said that French was asked to design two allegorical figures — “one representing Miss Brooklyn, the other representing Miss Manhattan,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
An allegorical dance floor, the work maps the African diaspora and features verses from Hughes’s poem “The Negro Speaks of Rivers.”
New York Times(Nov 20, 2016)
Every performance needs a fresh actor — just as, this allegorical play tells us, every regime needs fresh rabbits.
Seattle Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 寓言的，讽喻的
分布：寓言的(40%)，讽喻的(35%)，寓意的(25%)
ADJ-GRADED
寓言的；寓意的
An allegorical story, poem, or painting uses allegory.
例：Every Russian knows the allegorical novel The Master And Margarita.每个俄罗斯人都知道这本寓言式小说，《大师和玛格丽特》。
adj. 讽喻的；寓言的，寓意的
 - fabular, parabolic

Word: wholeness
Front: wholeness
[həʊlnəs] (16016/21260)
Back: n. 全体; 完整性
分布：完整性(64%)，全体(28%)，健全(8%)
N-UNCOUNT
整体性，完整性
Wholeness is the quality of being complete or a single unit and not broken or divided into parts.
例：...the need for wholeness and harmony in mind, body and spirit.保持头脑、身体和精神和谐统一的需要
n. 完整；完全；全体
 - integrity, good and, full, completeness

Word: exiled
Front: exiled
[eg'zaɪld] (16136/15106)
Back: adj. 流亡的，放逐的
v. 流放，放逐，使流亡( exile的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：流亡的(82%)，放逐的(15%)，动词exile的过去式和过去分词形式.(3%)
N-UNCOUNT
流放;放逐;流亡
If someone is living in exile, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.
例：He is now living in exile in Egypt...他目前流亡埃及。
例：He returned from exile earlier this year.今年早些时候他流亡归来。
VERB
放逐;流放;使流亡
If someone is exiled, they are living in a foreign country because they cannot live in their own country, usually for political reasons.
例：His second wife, Hilary, had been widowed, then exiled from South Africa...他的第二任妻子希拉丽已经成了寡妇，后来又被驱逐出南非。
例：They threatened to exile her in southern Spain.他们威胁要将她流放到西班牙南部。
N-COUNT
被流放者;流亡者
An exile is someone who has been exiled.
VERB
开除;排除;使离开
If you say that someone has been exiled from a particular place or situation, you mean that they have been sent away from it or removed from it against their will.
例：He has been exiled from the first team and forced to play in third team matches...他被开除出甲级球队，被迫参加丙级球队的比赛。
例：Michael was exiled to the kitchen for supper.迈克尔被赶到厨房吃晚饭。
adj. 流亡的；放逐的
 - proscriptive

Word: bereft
Front: bereft
[bɪˈreft] (宝 16140/14655 -1)
Vocabulary: bereft
(once / 2122 pages)
adj
So, they took the thing you most loved, and you're never going to get it back. You've gone beyond just plain grief-stricken — you're bereft.
The way in which bereft differs just from plain mournful or grief-stricken is in its sense of deprivation or lack. It can be used that way too, for example when you're bereft of words. It's the past tense of bereave, following the same pattern as leave and left. When you see your bereft relatives at a funeral, it's very sad, but if your friend says that their cookie is bereft of chocolate chips, you know they are using exaggerated language to be a little funny.
WORD FAMILY
bereft
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, Hull City are a team bereft of any pace.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
There was a worry that the lack of a Doctor Who series this year might leave us bereft.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
But after 10 seasons of the NBC phenomenon, Bright found himself bereft.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 被剥夺的; 丧失的; 失去亲人的
vt. 失去…的(bereave的过去式)
分布：被剥夺的(39%)，失去亲人的(37%)，失去……的(12%)，动词bereave的过去式和过去分词.(12%)
→前缀be-, 强调。-reave, 剥夺，词源同rip, rob.
adjective [after verb] formal
■not having something or feeling great loss 缺乏…的；感到失落的
• Alone now and almost penniless, he was bereft of hope. 他现在孤身一人，又几乎身无分文，对生活已不抱一丝希望。
• After the last of their children had left home the couple felt utterly bereft. 最后一个孩子离家之后，这对夫妇感到一无所有了。
adj. 丧失的；被剥夺的；失去亲人的
 - lost

Word: self-respect
Front: self-respect
[ˌselfrɪˈspekt] (-1)
Back: n. 自尊，自尊心; 自重; 自爱; 脸面
分布：自尊(87%)，自重(13%)
noun uncountable
■respect for yourself which shows that you value yourself 自尊；自重
• He felt what he was being asked to do took away his dignity and self-respect. 他觉得别人叫他做的事情使他颜面扫地，很伤自尊。
n. 自重，自尊
 - deadweight, amour-propre

Word: imprint
Front: imprint
[ɪmˈprɪnt] (托宝 10278/11923 -1)
Vocabulary: imprint
(once / 1397 pages)
1vn 2vn
To imprint is to mark or stamp something, like with the name of a publisher. It also can refer to any kind of impression or influence.
You can imprint or leave imprints — the word is happy as a verb or a noun. You can literally imprint something with a stamp of your initials. You can even make an imprint on a bed just by lying on it. Branding is a type of imprinting too. Also, if someone changed your life, she left an imprint on you. You can hear the imprint (influence) of the blues on any rock and roll song. All imprints leave a mark.
WORD FAMILY
imprint: imprinted, imprinting, imprints+/imprinting: imprintings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The experience left a lasting imprint on the president, his aides said.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Threshold Editions, the imprint publishing “Dangerous,” was founded, in 2006, with a politically conservative mission.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
In an emailed statement, it said that 15 of the more than 300 books it wrote about last year were Simon & Schuster imprint books.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 盖印; 痕迹; 特征; 版权标记
v. 盖（印）; 刻上（记号）; 使铭记
时态：imprinted, imprinting, imprints
分布：印记(49%)，印象(15%)，痕迹(13%)，特征(6%)，盖印(6%)，加特征(4%)，刻上记号(4%)，铭记(3%)
→im-,进入，使，print,按，压，印痕。引申词义印在里面的，铭刻，铭记。
【记】im进入，print（v 印刷；出版）－盖印
verb transitive /ɪmˈprɪnt/
■to mark a surface by pressing something hard into it 印，压印
■to fix an event or experience so firmly in the memory that it cannot be forgotten although you do not try to remember it 铭刻，使铭记
• That look of grief would be imprinted on her mind forever. 那种悲伤的神情会永远印在她的脑海中。
noun]ˈɪm.prɪnt/
BOOK 书
countable
■the name of a publisher (= a company that produces books) as it appears on a particular set of books （印在书籍上的）出版商名称
noun]ˈɪm.prɪnt/
MARK 标记
countable usually singular
■when an object presses on something and leaves a mark 压痕，痕迹
• The button had left an imprint on my arm. 这颗钮扣在我的手臂上留下了一个印痕。
only singular
■when an event or experience becomes fixed in someone's memory or leaves its mark in some way on their appearance 深刻印象；持久影响
• War has left its imprint on the strained faces of these people. 战争在这些人饱经沧桑的脸上留下了痕迹。
n. 印记； [法] 痕迹；特征；版本说明
 - mark, print, characteristic, trace

Word: tax-exempt
Front: tax-exempt
[tæks ɪɡ'zempt] None
Back: adj. 免税的
n. 免收利息所得税的债券
分布：免税的(50%)，免收利息所得税的债券(50%)
adj. 免税的
 - untaxed, duty-free

Word: multiracial
Front: multiracial
[ˌmʌltiˈreɪʃl] (16112/26551)
Back: adj. 多种族的
分布：多民族的(75%)，多人种的(25%)
US [-tˌɪ-] adjective
■involving people of several different races 多种族的
• a multiracial school 多种族学校
• South Africa's first multiracial elections took place in 1994. 南非第一次多种族选举于1994年举行。
adj. 多民族的
 - polyethnic

Word: indeterminate
Front: indeterminate
[ˌɪndɪˈtɜ:mɪnət] (宝 16129/15116)
Vocabulary: indeterminate
(once / 5108 pages)
adj
Indeterminate means not known or decided. When someone contracts a rare stomach parasite but has not been traveling internationally, you might say it had indeterminate origins.
It's important to distinguish indeterminate from undetermined, which means not yet decided. When you buy an antique vase and don't know when it dates from, you might describe it as of an indeterminate era. If you are traveling and don't know when you plan to return home, you could say that your return is as yet undetermined.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
indeterminate / indeterminable
Understanding the nuances of this word pair, indeterminate and indeterminable, hinges on understanding the words' parts. The root word, determine, means to establish something. The prefix in- in this case means not. Both –ate and –able create adjectives, -ate meaning having the characteristics of and –able meaning to be able.
Indeterminate, then, means not (in-) having the characteristics of (-ate) being fixed (determine): not fixed. Indefinite. Not determined. As in:
Prisoners on indeterminate sentences 'left in limbo' over parole dates
A man of indeterminate age peeks out of a cut-glass window.
For no discernibly good reason, I am back on Twitter for an indeterminate period of time.
Indeterminable means not (in-) able to (-able) establish (determine): incapable of being fixed or determined. Such as:
This equated to 1082 votes for and 102 against, with two ballots indeterminable.
However, there are those movies that fall into that rare category of indeterminable.
I said before how if B existed inside of the mold by itself, B's size would be indeterminable because it rests inside of infinity, which it can't be compared to.
Remember: if something isn't fixed, it's indeterminate. If it can't be fixed, it's indeterminable.
WORD FAMILY
indeterminate: indeterminable, indeterminacy, indeterminately, indeterminateness+/ determinate: determinately, determinateness, determinative, indeterminate /determinative: determinatively, determinatives/ indeterminable: indeterminably
USAGE EXAMPLES
He believes we should allow for three categories on passports and other documents: “male, female, and indeterminate.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Set in an artfully cluttered attic, the piece is about a woman of indeterminate age who revisits Christmases of her past.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Larrain delights in the beauty of bringing an audience to “that indeterminate place.”
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 不定的，不明确的; 模糊的
分布：不确定的(86%)，含混的(14%)
→in-,不，非，determinable,可确定的。
US [-'tɝ:-] adjective
■not measured, counted or clearly described 不确定的；不明确的
• An indeterminate number of workers have already been exposed to the danger. 一些工人已处在这种危险中，具体人数尚不清楚。
• a man of indeterminate age 年龄不详的男子
adj. [数] 不确定的；模糊的；含混的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague, unsure

Word: tramp
Front: tramp
[træmp] (研四六雅宝 16137/8896 -1)
Vocabulary: tramp
(once / 324 pages)
1vn 2nv 3n
Tramp means to walk or stomp heavily. Your midnight tramp to the kitchen for milk and cookies doesn't thrill your downstairs neighbors.
Tramp comes from the German trampen, for "stamp." If you walk heavily, people will say you tramp, but if you're going on a tramp, that means you're going for a long walk or hike. If someone calls you a tramp, they either mean you're a slut or a hobo — each meaning comes vagrant, or wanderer, and the low-life behaviors associated with vagrants.
WORD FAMILY
tramp: tramped, tramper, tramping, tramps+/tramper: trampers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Guillot’s days are spent tramping across some of the country’s most expensive real estate, and he’s played a key role in the landscape’s transformation.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 30, 2016)
"I've tried hard and failed miserably, I've used up one pair of shoes tramping around trying to find this address without success."
BBC(Nov 11, 2016)
The rise in the number of discoveries reflects a growing interest in tramping around in muddy fields with metal detectors.
Economist(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vi. 步行; 踩; 踏; 漂泊
vt. 践踏; 踏实; 步行穿过…
n. 流浪汉; 妓女; 游民，流浪汉; 徒步旅行，远足
时态：tramped, tramping, tramps
分布：流浪汉(66%)，践踏(13%)，步行(12%)，徒步(5%)，淫妇(3%)，重脚步声(1%)
→来自低地德语 trampen,踩，踏，跺脚，来自 Proto-Germanic*tremp-,踩，踏，来自 IE*der,步 行，走，跑，词源同 tread,trap.-amp,表音缀，比较 clamp,dump,lump.引申词义流浪汉，流浪 者等。
v.踩,踏,步行,跋涉,重步行走The tramp from the tram swamped the ham hamburger with shampoo.来自有轨电车的流浪者用洗发水淹没火腿汉堡.
noun
POOR PERSON 穷人
countable
■a person with no home, job or money who travels around and asks for money from other people 流浪汉；流浪乞丐
[træmp] noun
WOMAN 女人
countable US slang disapproving
■a woman who has sex often, with a lot of different partners 荡妇，淫妇
[træmp] noun
WALK 走
only singular
■the sound of people all walking together with heavy steps （众人一齐走时发出的）沉重的脚步声
• The streets echoed with the tramp of soldiers' feet. 街上回荡着士兵们重重的脚步声。
countable
■a long walk 长途跋涉，长途步行
• The girls went for a tramp through the countryside. 女孩去乡间远足。
[træmp] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition transitive
■to walk, especially long distances or with heavy steps （尤指长距离地）重步行走，踩，踏
• to tramp through the forest/undergrowth 在森林里／灌木丛中跋涉
• We spent a week tramping the streets of Rome, looking for movie locations. 我们花了一个星期时间在罗马的街道上四处奔走，寻找拍摄电影的外景地。
vi. 流浪；践踏，踩；脚步沉重地行走
 - step, vagabondize
n. 流浪者；沉重的脚步声；徒步旅行
 - Vagabonds, Nads
vt. 践踏，踩；走过
 - ride down, tread on sth

Word: cross-examination
Front: cross-examination
[ˈkrɔsɪgˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn] None
Back: n. <律>反诘问; 盘问，严密询问
分布：交互讯问(60%)，盘问(40%)
VERB
(律师就某人所提供的证据进行)盘问，反诘
When a lawyer cross-examines someone during a trial or hearing, he or she questions them about the evidence that they have already given.
例：The accused's lawyers will get a chance to cross-examine him...被告律师将有机会盘问他。
例：You know you are liable to be cross-examined mercilessly about the assault.你要清楚他们可能会就这起人身侵犯案毫不留情地盘问你。

Word: tracker
Front: tracker
[ˈtrækə(r)] (16135/25385)
Back: n. 追踪者，追踪系统，纤夫
分布：跟踪器(75%)，追踪者(25%)
→track,追踪，-er,人。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person who is able to find animals or people by following the marks they leave on the ground as they move over it 追踪者，追捕者
• An Aboriginal tracker led them to the place where the plane had crashed. 一个土著追踪者将他们带到了飞机坠毁的地方。
n. 拉纤者，纤夫； [计] 追踪系统， [自] 跟踪装置；追踪者
 - minitrack, tracking system

Word: bequeath
Front: bequeath
[bɪˈkwi:ð] (宝 16145/14409 -1)
Vocabulary: bequeath
(once / 1113 pages)
v
To bequeath is to leave your possessions to another person after you die. A man might love his classic cars but would be happy to bequeath them to his grandchildren when he writes out his last will and testament.
Bequeath often is used about making plans to give away property and possessions after a person's death: "It was strange to leave a house to a one-year-old baby, but he planned what he would bequeath in his will while he was young, and the baby would be 23 when he finally did die." Sometimes bequeath is used for things handed down without death, as when living parents and grandparents pass, or bequeath, a legacy of stories or family traits and talents as an inheritance.
WORD FAMILY
bequeath: bequeathed, bequeathing, bequeaths
USAGE EXAMPLES
This was the legacy bequeathed by Ferguson, the greatest manager in domestic football history, perhaps anywhere.
The Guardian(Dec 25, 2016)
Greenland believes that climate change will bequeath the wealth to win the ultimate political prize: full independence from Denmark.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Regardless of the intentions of those on whom it is bequeathed, celebrity is the lieutenant of exploitation.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 将（财物等）遗赠给; 将（知识等）传给（后人）
时态：bequeathed, bequeathing, bequeaths
分布：遗留(48%)，遗赠(41%)，把传下去(11%)
→前缀be-, 强调。queath, 词源同voice, 说。此处指临终遗嘱。
遗留给,传下(be+queath要求→要求给某人→遗留给)[be-①构成动词"使…成为"②构成一些介词]
【记】be表状态，queath读：快死。处于快死的状态。一个人快死了，是不是缺que了点a什么th＝sth东西—遗赠。
formal
verb transitive + two objects
■to arrange to give money or property to others after your death 把…遗赠给
• Her father bequeathed her the family fortune in his will. 她父亲在遗嘱中写明将家产留给她。
• Picasso bequeathed most of his paintings and sculptures to Spain and France. 毕卡索将他大部分的画作和雕塑作品遗赠给西班牙和法国。
vt. 遗赠；把…遗赠给；把…传下去
 - will, hand down

Word: long-awaited
Front: long-awaited
[ˌlɔŋəˈweɪtəd] None
Back: adj. 被期待已久的; 盼望已久
分布：期待已久的(100%)
adjective
■having been expected for a long time 盼望已久的；期待许久的
• Last week the commission published its long-awaited report on the problem of teenage pregnancies. 上周委员会公布了人们期盼已久的关于少女怀孕问题的报告。

Word: parasitic
Front: parasitic
[ˌpærəˈsɪtɪk] (托 16114/16105)
Vocabulary: parasitic
(once / 5226 pages)
1adj 2adj
The adjective parasitic is mainly a scientific term for talking about an organism that lives on a host, taking what it needs to stay alive while often injuring the host.
By their nature, ticks, leeches, and lice are all parasitic; they live off their hosts. You can also use the word parasitic more metaphorically, to describe a person who takes without giving anything in return. A thirty year-old man who lives with his mother, eating her food and not paying rent, could be described as parasitic, since he survives by sponging off another person. Parasitic comes from the Greek word parasitos, "eating at another's table."
WORD FAMILY
parasitic: nonparasitic, parasitically, semiparasitic+/ parasite: parasites, parasitic, parasitical, parasitism, semiparasite/ parasitism: parasitisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those include a trapdoor spider, a speckled freshwater darter, a parasitic worm and an extinct lizard.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
His campaign’s closing ad juxtaposed photos of Jewish financiers with classic anti-Semitic vocabulary about a parasitic “global power structure.”
Slate(Dec 06, 2016)
Developed in the 1950s, Daraprim is the best treatment for a relatively rare parasitic infection called toxoplasmosis.
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 寄生的; 寄生物的; 由寄生虫引起的
分布：寄生的(65%)，由寄生虫引起的(20%)，靠他人为生的(10%)，=parasitical.(5%)
→来自parasite,寄生虫。
US [ˌper.ə'sɪtˌ-] (also parasitical)
adjective
■caused by or connected with a parasite 由寄生生物引起的，寄生的
• a parasitic disease 寄生性疾病
• parasitic insects 寄生虫
adj. 寄生的（等于parasitical）
 - autoecious, adnascent

Word: vintage
Front: vintage
[ˈvɪntɪdʒ] (6363/7221 -2)
Vocabulary: vintage
(once / 1621 pages)
n
A vintage is the specific year that a wine was made. Different vintages are better than others.
This word is mainly associated with wine. Some wine drinkers can actually identify a wine’s vintage based on smell or taste. Also, this word can refer to things that are old, yet also kind of cool. An antique car is known as a vintage automobile. There are also vintage bikes and watches. Watch out for the word vintage though: sometimes it just means old or used, like a vintage clothing store.
WORD FAMILY
vintage: vintages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Great vintage advertisement: The Union Pacific railroad touts its access to “America’s vital potato markets.”
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
This is a good place for reasonably priced, vintage furniture.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Small stages display his purple Yamaha piano and a collection of vintage costumes.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 酿酒的; 老式的，过时的; 最好的，最有特色的; 古老而享有声誉的
n. 美酒; 葡萄产量; 酒产年，酒产地; 制造年份
v. 为酿酒而收（葡萄）; 用葡萄酿酒
分布：收获(44%)，古典的(25%)，优质的(10%)，年代(葡萄(7%)，佳酿的(7%)，一组具有共同特征的人或事情(7%)
→来自拉丁语vindemia,葡萄收割，葡萄生产，vin-,葡萄，de-,向下，取下，-em,拿，带，词源同example。引申词义特定年份收割的葡萄，上等葡萄酒，佳酿，后词义通用化，经典的，典型的等。
US [-tˌɪdʒ] adjective
HIGH QUALITY 高品质
■of high quality and lasting value, or showing the best and most typical characteristics of a particular type of thing, especially from the past （尤指过去某个时期）最佳的，最典型的，经典的
• a vintage aircraft 最出色的飞机
• a vintage comic book 经典的漫画书
• This film is vintage (= has the best characteristics typical of films made by) Disney. 这是一部经典的迪士尼影片。
• She loves buying vintage clothing. 她喜欢买高档时装。
UK ['vɪn.tɪdʒ] US [-tˌɪdʒ] adjective
WINE 酒
[before noun]
■describes wine of high quality that was made in a particular year, and which can be kept for several years in order to improve it （酒）佳酿的，上等的
• vintage champagne/port/claret 上等香槟／波尔图葡萄酒／干红葡萄酒
UK ['vɪn.tɪdʒ] US [-tˌɪdʒ] noun
countable
■the wine made in a particular year, or a particular year in which wine has been made 特定年份酿造的酒；酿造年份
• The 1983 vintage was one of the best. 1983年酿制的酒是最好的酒之一。
• What vintage is this wine (= In what year was it made) ? 这酒是哪年酿制的？
uncountable literary
■a group of things which were produced, or a group of people who were active, during the same particular period 同时代生产的东西；同时代的一批人
• He is undoubtedly England's best captain of recent vintage. 他毫无疑问是英国队近年来最优秀的队长。
adj. 古老的；最佳的；过时的
 - optimal, ancient, old

Word: taxing
Front: taxing
[ˈtæksɪŋ] (宝 16151/14528)
Back: adj. 繁重的，费力的
分布：费力的(57%)，棘手的(31%)，动词tax的现在分词形式.(12%)
→来自 tax,征税，课税。比喻用法。
【记】tax是人们taxing的负担。
【反】light（adj 轻的）；easy（adj 容易的）
adjective
■difficult or needing a lot of thought or effort 难懂的，费劲的
• I like a bit of light reading when I'm on holiday - nothing too taxing. 我渡假时喜欢看一些休闲读物——不要太费神的。
adj. 费力的；繁重的
 - heavy, arduous

Word: baroque
Front: baroque
[bəˈrəʊk] (托宝 16149/9119 -1)
Vocabulary: baroque
(once / 12110 pages)
adjn
Something baroque is overly ornate, like a paisley red velvet jacket with tassels, or music that has a lot going on and might include a harpsichord.
Anything with a complicated design can be baroque but it also refers to a style of art, music, and architecture from 17th Century Italy (and is then sometimes capitalized). Although it has roots in the Portuguese word barroco meaning "imperfect pearl" not everything baroque is imperfect. Caravaggio and Rubens are considered baroque painters, and baroque composers include Vivaldi, Bach, and Handel. Although rococo and baroque both describe something over-the-top, sticklers will save baroque for something with heft and use rococo for lighter designs, like that velvet jacket. Historically, Rococo comes after the Baroque period.
WORD FAMILY
baroque: baroquely, baroqueness, baroques
USAGE EXAMPLES
Over time, though, my excuses grew more baroque.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Of course Renaissance and baroque artists find joy and hope in the nativity.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
The NBM ensemble brings it to life with five soloists, a full baroque orchestra, three trumpeters and a timpani at 7:30 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 巴罗克式的; 巴罗克风格的; 过分装饰的; 奇形怪状的
n. 巴罗克风格; 新奇作品; 怪异型
分布：巴洛克式(50%)，巴洛克式的(24%)，巴洛克风格(20%)，奇形怪状的(3%)，过份雕琢的(3%)
→词源不确定。词源学家Klein认为该词来自于16世纪意大利画家Federigo Barocci，该种风格的建立者。
【源】原指巴洛克风格（1550－1700年），盛行于欧洲的一种艺术和建筑风格。这种风格强调拉紧的效果，其特征是有大胆的曲线结构、复杂的装饰和无联系部分间的整体平衡。这种风格过分强调雕琢和装饰奇异，倾向于豪华、浮夸。
【反】austere（adj 简朴的）
US [-'rɑ:k] adjective
■relating to the heavily decorated style in buildings, art and music that was popular in Europe in the 17th century and the early part of the 18th century 巴罗克式的，巴罗克式的
• baroque architecture/painters 巴罗克风格的建筑／画家

Word: disingenuous
Front: disingenuous
[ˌdɪsɪnˈdʒenjuəs] (16155/21417)
Vocabulary: disingenuous
(once / 7448 pages)
adj
Use the adjective disingenuous to describe behavior that's not totally honest or sincere. It's disingenuous when people pretend to know less about something than they really do.
Disingenuous combines dis-, meaning not, with ingenuous (from the Latin gen-, meaning born) which was originally used to distinguish free-born Romans from slaves, and later came to mean honest or straightforward. So disingenuous means dishonest. Ingenuous is less common now than disingenuous, but we still use it for someone who is sincere to the point of naiveté. A good synonym is insincere.
WORD FAMILY
disingenuous: disingenuously, disingenuousness+/ ingenuous: disingenuous, ingenuously, ingenuousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In their letter, Sanders and Cummings said that statement now seems “disingenuous at best” and repeated their request for information about doxycycline’s sales and pricing.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“I thought it was a very disingenuous way to communicate your issues,” Logan said.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The appeals court disputed the state's cost projection for blanket home deliveries - $10.5 million a month - as "disingenuous" and "not supported by the record."
Reuters(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 不真诚的，不坦率的
分布：虚伪的(50%)，不老实的(25%)，不诚实的(25%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。ingenuous, 真诚的。
【记】ingenuous（adj 坦白的；直率的）
【区】ingenious（adj 机灵的；有独创性的）I＝IQingenuous中的u是一个坑：直率的人容易掉u里。
[ˌdɪs.ɪn'dʒen.ju.əs] formal
adjective
■(of a person or their behaviour) slightly dishonest; not speaking the complete truth （人或其行为）不够诚实的，不够坦白的
• It was disingenuous of her to claim she had no financial interest in the case. 她声称自己在这个案子中没有任何经济利益，这有些心口不一。
adj. 虚伪的；不诚实的；不老实的；狡猾的
 - artificial, false, designing, knowing, subtle

Word: shrivel
Front: shrivel
[ˈʃrɪvl] (托宝 16142/15916 -1)
Vocabulary: shrivel
(once / 1764 pages)
v
When things shrivel, they wrinkle up and get smaller, the way leaves begin to shrivel and turn brown in the fall.
A lack of moisture can cause something to shrivel, and in humans it tends to be the natural process of aging that makes people shrivel a bit. Flowers will shrivel if you forget to water them, and grapes will eventually shrivel into raisins if you dry them out long enough. The root of shrivel is uncertain, but it may have a Scandinavian source and be related to the Swedish word skryvla, "to wrinkle."
WORD FAMILY
shrivel: shriveled, shriveling, shrivelled, shrivelling, shrivels
USAGE EXAMPLES
Beyond capturing the cyclical transformations of season—verdant kudzu shrivelled brown, bare trees turned fruitful—the photographs highlight the creeping passage of time.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
More than 200,000 investors saw their life savings shrivel.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
There’s also fruit – oranges – they look pretty bad because they’re kind of shrivelled up, but they smell amazing.
The Guardian(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （因热力，严寒、干燥、年老等而）枯萎，皱缩
时态：shrivelled, shrivelling, shrivels
分布：动词(98%)，名词(2%)
→词源不详，可能与 shrink 与相联系。比较 shake,shiver.
【记】sh屎，rivel＝river：把sh投入river中，河面就会起皱
['ʃrɪv.əl] (-ll- or US USUALLY -l-)
verb intransitive or transitive
■to become dry, smaller and covered with lines as if by crushing or folding, or to make something do this （使）枯萎；（使）干枯；（使）皱缩
• The lack of rain has shrivelled the crops. 雨水不足，农作物枯萎了。
• You ought to pick those lettuces before they shrivel (up) and die. 你应该在那些生菜枯死之前收割。
intransitive
■to become much smaller than is needed or wanted 缩小；萎缩
• Profits are shrivelling as the recession gets worse. 随着经济衰退的加剧，利润不断萎缩。
vi. 枯萎；皱缩
 - flag, wither away
vt. 使枯萎；使皱缩；使束手无策
 - blast, wither up

Word: motley
Front: motley
[ˈmɒtli] (宝 16138/18743 -1)
Vocabulary: motley
(once / 1276 pages)
adjnv
If you've encountered the word motley, it's most likely in the phrase "motley crew," which means a diverse and poorly organized group. Think of a band of pirates, or the assorted characters who became The Fellowship of the Ring.
In contemporary usage, motley can be used in virtually any context as a synonym for mismatched, heterogeneous, or ragtag. But the word was first used to describe multicolored fabric, especially the type of material used in a jester's costume. This distinctive apparel was a sign of the fool's place outside the class system — and, in the Elizabethan era, it signified that the jester was beyond the sumptuary laws that determined who could wear what. Thus, the fool had the exceptional ability to speak freely, even to royalty.
WORD FAMILY
motley: motleyed, motleyest, motleys
USAGE EXAMPLES
Miami senior Adrienne Motley calls Newport News, Virginia home, but she was also born in the Netherlands.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
“It’s like a witch hunt,” says Kimberley Motley, the pilot’s American lawyer.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Motley was 8 of 9 from the floor.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 混杂的; 杂色的; 五颜六色的
n. （丑角穿的）杂色衣服; 小丑
分布：混杂的(33%)，混杂(25%)，杂色的(19%)，杂色衣服(10%)，小丑(8%)，杂色(5%)
→缩写自盎格鲁法语motteley,混杂的，可能来自mote,尘埃，微粒。即像尘埃一样的，引申词义混杂的，杂色的。
【记】mot＝mote微粒，ley－各种微粒混合－混杂的源于：medley（n 集成曲；混合物）
【反】colorless（adj 无色的）；unique（adj 唯一的）；unvaried（adj 未改变的）；homogeneous（adj 同类的）
US ['mɑ:t-] adjective [before noun]
■consisting of many different types and therefore appearing strange or of low quality 混杂的；不同种类的
• There's a motley assortment/collection of old furniture in the house we're renting at the moment. 我们现在租住的房子里有一堆杂七杂八的旧家俱。
• The people who turned up to the meeting were a motley crew (= a group consisting of many different types of people). 出席会议的人甚么样的都有。
adj. 杂色的；混杂的；五颜六色的
 - shot, varied
n. 混杂；杂色衣服；小丑
 - farrago, grab bag

Word: shameless
Front: shameless
[ˈʃeɪmləs] (托 16159/19751 -1)
Back: adj. 无耻的; 不要脸的; 猥亵的; 伤风败俗的
分布：无耻的(100%)
→shame,羞耻，-less,无，没有。
['ʃeɪm.ləs] disapproving
adjective
■not ashamed, especially about something generally considered unacceptable 无耻的，不要脸的
• She is quite shameless about her ambition. 她对自己的野心全然不知羞耻。
• They seem to have a shameless disregard for truth. 他们似乎恬不知耻地无视事实真相。
■behaving in a way intended to attract sexual interest, without feeling ashamed about it 猥亵的，伤风败俗的
• She's a shameless hussy. 她是个厚颜无耻的荡妇。
adj. 无耻的；不要脸的；伤风败俗的
 - cheeky, impudent

Word: leaving
Front: leaving
['li:vɪŋz] (16152/13780)
Back: n. 离开
v. 离开( leave的现在分词 ); 遗弃; 忘了带; 交托
分布：离开(98%)，残余物(1%)，动词leave的现在分词.(1%)
VERB
离开（某处或某人）
If you leave a place or person, you go away from that place or person.
例：He would not be allowed to leave the country...他可能会被禁止离开该国。
例：I simply couldn't bear to leave my little girl...我就是受不了要离开我的小女儿。
VERB
脱离；退出；辞去
If you leave an institution, group, or job, you permanently stop attending that institution, being a member of that group, or doing that job.
例：He left school with no qualifications...他没有获得任何学历证书便离开了学校。
例：I am leaving to concentrate on writing fiction.我辞职是为了专心写小说。
VERB
抛下，离弃（配偶）；离开（关系亲密的人）
If you leave your husband, wife, or some other person with whom you have had a close relationship, you stop living with them or you finish the relationship.
例：He'll never leave you. You need have no worry...他不会离开你的，你不用担心。
例：I would be insanely jealous if Bill left me for another woman.要是比尔为了别的女人离开我，我会醋意大发。
VERB
放下；丢下；把…交给
If you leave something or someone in a particular place, you let them remain there when you go away. If you leave something or someone with a person, you let them remain with that person so they are safe while you are away.
例：I left my bags in the car...我把包放在车里了。
例：Don't leave your truck there...别把货车停在那儿。
VERB
留（信息、口信）
If you leave a message or an answer, you write it, record it, or give it to someone so that it can be found or passed on.
例：You can leave a message on our answering machine...您可以在我们的答录机上留言。
例：Decide whether the ball is in square A, B, C, or D, then call and leave your answer...选定球放在A、B、C、D哪个方格，然后打电话来，留下您的答案。
VERB
剩下，留下（某人做某事）
If you leave someone doing something, they are doing that thing when you go away from them.
例：Salter drove off, leaving Callendar surveying the scene.索尔特开车走了，剩下卡伦德勘查现场。
VERB
听任（某人做某事）；听（某人）自便
If you leave someone to do something, you go away from them so that they do it on their own. If you leave someone to himself or herself, you go away from them and allow them to be alone.
例：I'd better leave you to get on with it, then...那我还是让你一个人接着干吧。
例：Diana took the hint and left them to it...戴安娜会意，任由他们自己去解决。
VERB
留出（一定的量）备用
To leave an amount of something means to keep it available after the rest has been used or taken away.
例：He always left a little food for the next day...他总是留下一点儿食物第二天吃。
例：Double rooms at any of the following hotels should leave you some change from £150.以下任何一间酒店的双人房价格都不到150英镑。
VERB
（数目相减后）剩余，余下
If you take one number away from another, you can say that it leaves the number that remains. For example, five take away two leaves three.
VERB
（尤指把令人不快或困难的事）留给，扔给（某人）
To leave someone with something, especially when that thing is unpleasant or difficult to deal with, means to make them have it or make them responsible for it.
例：...a crash which left him with a broken collarbone...造成他锁骨骨折的车祸
例：He left me with a child to support.他扔下我独自拉扯一个孩子。
VERB
招致；造成
If an event leaves people or things in a particular state, they are in that state when the event has finished.
例：...violent disturbances which have left at least ten people dead...造成至少10人死亡的暴乱
例：The documentary left me in a state of shock...那部纪录片使我大为震惊。
VERB
（常指因不喜欢而）不碰（食物或饮料）
If you leave food or drink, you do not eat or drink it, often because you do not like it.
例：If you don't like the cocktail you ordered, just leave it and try a different one.你要是不喜欢你要的鸡尾酒，就别喝了，要点别的吧。
VERB
留下（痕迹、影响等）
If something leaves a mark, effect, or sign, it causes that mark, effect, or sign to remain as a result.
例：A muscle tear will leave a scar after healing...肌肉撕裂复原后会留下疤痕。
例：She left a lasting impression on him.她给他留下了难以忘怀的印象。
VERB
使处于（某个状态或位置）
If you leave something in a particular state, position, or condition, you let it remain in that state, position, or condition.
例：He left the album open on the table...他把相册摊在桌上没收。
例：I've left the car lights on...我没把车灯关掉。
VERB
（有意）留出（空间）
If you leave a space or gap in something, you deliberately make that space or gap.
例：Leave a gap at the top and bottom so air can circulate.上下各留一个口子通风。
VERB
把（工作）交托；把（决定或选择权）留交
If you leave a job, decision, or choice to someone, you give them the responsibility for dealing with it or making it.
例：Affix the blue airmail label and leave the rest to us...贴上蓝色的空邮标签，其余的事情交给我们。
例：The judge should not have left it to the jury to decide...法官本不该把案子交给陪审团来裁定。
VERB
（安排、协议等很大程度上）视乎，取决于
If you say that something such as an arrangement or an agreement leaves a lot to another thing or person, you are critical of it because it is not adequate and its success depends on the other thing or person.
例：The ceasefire leaves a lot to the goodwill of the forces involved...停火协议的执行很大程度取决于各方武装力量的意愿。
例：It's a vague formulation that leaves much to the discretion of local authorities.这只是个模糊的构想，许多方面还要由地方当局来定夺。
VERB
限制（某人于某一行动或机会）
To leave someone with a particular course of action or the opportunity to do something means to let it be available to them, while restricting them in other ways.
例：This left me only one possible course of action...这样我只有一条路可走。
例：He was left with no option but to resign.他除了辞职外别无选择。
VERB
搁延（至某一时刻）
If you leave something until a particular time, you delay doing it or dealing with it until then.
例：Don't leave it all until the last minute.不要把什么都拖到最后一分钟。
VERB
搁下，转换（话题）
If you leave a particular subject, you stop talking about it and start discussing something else.
例：I think we'd better leave the subject of Nationalism...我看我们最好还是搁下民族主义这个话题吧。
例：He suggested we get together for a drink sometime. I said I'd like that, and we left it there.他建议我们找个时间出来喝一杯。我说好，然后我们就换了个话题。
VERB
（死后）遗留
If you leave property or money to someone, you arrange for it to be given to them after you have died.
例：He died two and a half years later, leaving everything to his wife.他于两年半后去世，把所有遗产都留给了妻子。
VERB
（身后）留下（配偶或孩子）
If you say that someone leaves a wife, husband, or a particular number of children, you mean that the wife, husband, or children remain alive after that person has died.
例：It is for his humanity as much as his music that his numerous friends and pupils will remember him. He leaves a wife, son and daughter.他的仁爱精神，以及他的音乐，都将长留在无数友人和学生的记忆里。他身后遗下妻子和一对儿女。
N-UNCOUNT
假期；休假
Leave is a period of time when you are not working at your job, because you are on holiday or vacation, or for some other reason. If you are on leave, you are not working at your job.
例：Why don't you take a few days' leave?你为什么不休几天假？
例：...maternity leave...产假
N-UNCOUNT
准许；许可
If you ask for leave to do something, you ask for permission to do it.
例：...an application for leave to appeal against the judge's order.不服法官指令的上诉申请
PHRASE
听…自便；随…去；不打扰
If you leave someone or something alone, or if you leave them be, you do not pay them any attention or bother them.
例：Some people need to confront a traumatic past; others find it better to leave it alone...有人需要直面过去的创伤，有人则觉得不去想它为妙。
例：Why can't you leave him be?你就不能不管他？
PREP-PHRASE
姑莫论；搁置一旁
You use leaving aside or leaving to one side when mentioning a fact or detail that you want to ignore when making a general statement.
例：Leaving aside the question of privacy, constant surveillance can be remarkably convenient.如果不去管隐私问题的话，实施不间断监视其实是非常便利的。
PHRASE
告别；辞别
When you take your leave or take leave of someone, you say goodbye and go.
例：He thanked them for the pleasure of their company and took his leave.他感谢他们的愉快陪伴，然后道别走了。
PHRASE
不要弄巧成拙；不要没事找事
If someone tells you to leave well alone, they are telling you not to interfere in something, because it is all right as it is and you might only make it worse.
例：He knew when to leave well alone and when to interfere.他知道什么时候该适可而止，什么时候该插手干预。
PHRASE
（从…）中断之处，停止之处
If something continues from where it left off, it starts happening again at the point where it had previously stopped.
例：As soon as the police disappear the violence will take up from where it left off.警察一走，暴力事件就会死灰复燃。
n. 离开；残余；渣滓
 - remains, quit

Word: forestall
Front: forestall
[fɔ:ˈstɔ:l] (托宝 16160/18655 -1)
Vocabulary: forestall
(once / 2194 pages)
v
It takes a bit of planning to forestall something, meaning stop it from happening. To forestall the effects of aging, exercise and take care of your health all your life.
You can break the word forestall into parts to figure out its meaning. The prefix fore is one you've seen in words like forewarn, which means "to warn in advance." And you probably know that stall means "delay." So to forestall is to stall in advance, or put another way, to try to prevent or put off something you don't want to happen.
WORD FAMILY
forestall: forestalled, forestalling, forestalls+/forestalling: forestallings/ stall: forestall, stalled, stalling, stalls/stalling: stallings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some historians worry that Mr. Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Some historians worry that Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
But it may mean that doctors catch a serious or preventable problem early and forestall further decline.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. 先发制人，预先阻止; 垄断，屯积; 领先
时态：forestalled, forestalling, forestalls
分布：占先一步(67%)，领先(33%)
→fore-,在前。stall, 停止，阻止。
阻止(fore+stall阻止)[fore-表示"前面,预先"]
预先制止(fore预先+stall→预先放上东西→制止)[stall=place,表示"放"]
【源】原指：垄断市场预先囤积、阻止正常销售从而抬高价格
【记】fore前，stall（n 货摊v 使停止；迟延）－预先阻止
【参】install（vt 安装；安置；使就职）
【反】precipitated（vt 猛抛；促成；使沉淀）；abet（vt 教唆；支持）
US [fɔ:r'stɑ:l] verb transitive
■to prevent something from happening by acting first 预先阻止；先发制人
• The government forestalled criticism by holding a public enquiry into the matter. 政府对那件事进行了一次公开调查，以避免遭受批评。
vt. 垄断；预先阻止；占先一步
 - corner, monopolize

Word: resettlement
Front: resettlement
[ˌri:'setlmənt] (16087/16398)
Back: n. 重新定居，重新安置
分布：重新安置(77%)，重新定居(23%)
N-UNCOUNT
重新定居;移居;重新安置
Resettlement is the process of moving people to a different place to live, because they are no longer allowed to stay in the area where they used to live.
例：Only refugees are eligible for resettlement abroad.只有难民才符合移民国外的条件。
例：...the forcible resettlement of villagers from the countryside into towns.强制村民从农村搬迁到城市
n. 重新安置
 - relocation

Word: laity
Front: laity
[ˈleɪəti] (宝 16071/13164 -1)
Vocabulary: laity
(once / 3335 pages)
n
If you are a member of a religious group, but you are not an ordained minister or priest, then you are a member of the laity. Sometimes members of the laity will play a role in the church service, for example, doing one of the readings or running a youth group.
The noun laity is from the word lay, and lay person has a similar church meaning. The word lay itself is from the Greek word laikos meaning "of the people." The meaning of the word laity is sometimes expanded to refer to non-professionals workers, as opposed to professionals in a field. Volunteers are the laity of elementary education, and if you volunteer at a school, you can make a huge difference in a child's life.
WORD FAMILY
lay: laily, laity, layer, laying, lays, mislay, overlay, underlay +/interlayer: interlayers/ layer: interlayer, layered, layering, layers/laying: layings/ mislay: mislayed, mislaying, mislays/ overlay: overlaid, overlayed, overlayer, overlaying, overlays/overlayer: overlayers/ underlay: underlaid, underlayed, underlaying, underlayment, underlays
USAGE EXAMPLES
With a few statistical sleights of hand and enormous heaps of professional contempt for the laity, academics helped to shut down that debate.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
He calls this the “Reformation moment” for the health-care industry, in which “the laity get access to their records and can interpret them for themselves”.
Economist(Nov 17, 2016)
Francis in August named him to head the big new Vatican secretariat for laity, family and life issues.
Washington Times(Oct 09, 2016)
Back: n. 俗人; 普通信徒; 门外汉，外行
分布：外行人(53%)，普通信徒(47%)
→来自lay,世俗的，非神职人员的，-ity,名词后缀。
【记】源于：layman（n 外行）躺着的人。lai拼：赖。整天赖皮的人－俗人；外行
N-SING-COLL
（参与教会工作的）俗人，俗众
The laity are all the people involved in the work of a church who are not clergymen, monks, or nuns.
例：The Church and the laity were increasingly active in charity work...教会与俗众越来越积极参与慈善工作。
例：Clergy and laity alike are divided in their views.神职人员和信众同样都观点各异。
n. 俗人；外行人；门外汉
 - vulgarian, temporality

Word: backup
Front: backup
[ˈbækʌp] (5476/15901 -1)
Vocabulary: backup
(once / 2438 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Backup is what someone gives when they help or support you. A brand new doctor might need some backup in the emergency room for the first few weeks.
Use the noun backup when you talk about extra assistance or help. Police officers call for backup when they're not sure they can handle a situation on their own, and store cashiers need backup when things get busy and customers start lining up. Another kind of backup is the one you do on your computer — in this case, a backup is the process of copying your data in case you lose the original files.
WORD FAMILY
backup: backups
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Broncos rallied for a win, got home-field advantage in the playoffs and Manning was no longer the backup.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At 31, he signed with the Bills this season as a backup.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A little more than an hour later an officer spotted the stolen car, called for backup, and began pursuing the suspects.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 支持，后援; 阻塞; <计>备份文件; [乐]伴奏
adj. 备用的，后补的; 支持性的; 伴奏的
分布：后备(100%)
支持(back背后+up→背面向上推→支持)[up=up,over表示"向上"]
(also back-up) ['bæk.ʌp] noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable
■(someone or something that provides) support or help, or something that you have arranged in case your main plans, equipment, etc. go wrong 支持，支援；候补物，替代物，备用物
• We're going to need some professional backup for this project. 要完成这个企划，我们需要一些专业人员的支援。
• The party is going to be outdoors, so we'll need to organize somewhere as a backup in case it rains. 晚会将会露天举行，所以我们需要安排一个备用的地方，以防下雨。
• Remember, your colleagues are your backup system when things go wrong. 记住，一旦出了差错，你的同事就是你的后备。
 ADVANCED countable
■a copy of information that is held on computer, which is stored separately from the computer （文件的）备份
• Before we leave work each day, we make a backup of all the records we have entered into the computer that day. 每天下班之前，我们都把当天输入电脑的记录备份。
• The department's backup disks are all stored in a different building. 该部门的备份磁碟都存放在另一栋大楼内。
countable US
■a player who plays when the person who usually plays is not available 后补队员
• He's a backup for the Dallas Cowboys. 他是达拉斯牛仔队的后补球员。
n. 支持； [计] 后援；阻塞
 - holding, support, adhesion
adj. 支持的；候补的
 - supporting, friendly

Word: trembling
Front: trembling
['tremblɪŋ] (16021/24031)
Back: n. 发抖
adj. 发抖的
v. 发抖( tremble的现在分词 ); 焦虑; 颤动; 轻轻摇晃
分布：发抖(81%)，发抖的(12%)，哆嗦的(6%)，动词tremble的现在分词形式.(1%)
VERB
颤抖;战栗;哆嗦
If you tremble, you shake slightly because you are frightened or cold.
例：His mouth became dry, his eyes widened, and he began to tremble all over...他嘴唇发干，眼睛圆睁，全身开始颤抖起来。
例：Gil was white and trembling with anger...吉尔脸色发白，气得直发抖。
VERB
颤动;摇动;摇晃
If something trembles, it shakes slightly.
例：He felt the earth tremble under him...他感到大地在脚下颤动。
例：The leaves trembled in the trees.树上的叶子瑟瑟抖动。
VERB
(通常因难过或紧张而声音)发颤，颤抖
If your voice trembles, it sounds unsteady and uncertain, usually because you are upset or nervous.
例：His voice trembled, on the verge of tears.他声音颤抖，泪水在眼眶里打转。
n. 发抖；战栗；担心
 - worry, fear
adj. 发抖的；战栗的；哆嗦的
 - vibrant, atremble
v. 颤抖（tremble的ing形式）；战悚
 - quivering

Word: womanhood
Front: womanhood
[ˈwʊmənhʊd] (16162/20028)
Back: n. 女子成年期，女子特征，女子气质
分布：成年女子的身份或状态(100%)
noun uncountable
■the state of being a woman, or the period of time when someone is a woman 女孩走向成年的时期；女性成年期
• The novel deals with a teenage girl's journey towards womanhood. 这部小说讲述的是一个十几岁的女孩走向成年的经历。
■the qualities that are considered typical of a woman 女人味，女性特点
• Brigitte Bardot was the dominant image of womanhood in French cinema during the 1960s. 碧姬．巴铎是20世纪60年代法国影坛突出的女性形象。
■formal
■all women considered as a group 女性，妇女
• the womanhood of the nation 全国的女性
n. 女人；女人气质；女子成年期
 - female, she

Word: filtration
Front: filtration
[fɪlˈtreɪʃn] (16074/10892)
Back: n. 过滤; 筛选; 滤清; 滤除
分布：过滤(100%)
noun uncountable
■the act of filtering something 过滤；滤除
• a filtration unit/plant 过滤器／厂
• The technology exists to remove all of these contaminants through filtration. 这项技术就是利用过滤的方法除去这些污染物。
n. [化工] 过滤；筛选
 - percolation, colation

Word: compact
Front: compact
[kəmˈpækt] (研六托雅宝 6203/4495 -2)
Vocabulary: compact
(once / 422 pages)
1adjvn 2n
A compact is a signed written agreement that binds you to do what you've promised. It also refers to something small or closely grouped together, like the row of compact rental cars you see when you wanted a van.
As a verb, compact means "to compress or squeeze together," like how the garbage truck compacts your bags of trash. Compact, the adjective, describes something that is tightly packed together, like your luggage that is so compact it fits in the overhead compartment. Compact can also describe a brief summary, like a compact explanation of how the universe began that lasted only 10 minutes!
WORD FAMILY
compact: compacted, compactedly, compacting, compaction, compactly, compactness, compacts, subcompact+/ compaction: compactions/subcompact: subcompacts
USAGE EXAMPLES
However, regulations on expansion, to keep urbanisation as compact as possible, will be the bigger prerogative of cities, Creutzig says.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Instead they want to rewrite the social compact so individuals accept more responsibility and risk for their health care.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Certainly among Democrats, yes,” Alexander said of the will to join the compact.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 压紧，（使）坚实; 把…弄紧密，把…弄结实; 使（文体）简洁，简化; 变紧密，变结实
adj. 紧凑的; 简洁的，（文体等）紧凑的; 小巧易携带的; （物质）致密的，（体格）结实的
时态：compacted, compacting, compacts
分布：紧凑的(60%)，简洁的(14%)，紧密的(12%)，压实(5%)，使简洁(4%)，梳妆粉盒(2%)，使装满(2%)，合约条约(1%)
→com-, 强调。-pact, 固定，系紧，见pact, 协议，条约。
紧密的;合同(com+pact压紧→全部压紧→紧密的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
压实的,压缩的(com全部+pact→全部压紧→压缩的)[pact=fastened,表示"紧的"]
a.紧密的,结实的;简明的v.使紧凑,压缩The compact faction fractured because of friction.紧密小宗派由于摩擦破裂了.
【记】com共同，pact打包，压紧－共同压紧－紧凑的
【参】pact（n 合同，公约，协定）
US [ˈkɑːm-]
CASE 盒子
■a small flat case which contains women's face powder （装女性敷面粉用的）粉盒
• a powder compact 粉盒
noun countable UK [ˈkɒm.pækt] US [ˈkɑːm-]
CAR 汽车 US a small car 小型汽车
noun countable UK [ˈkɒm.pækt] US [ˈkɑːm-]
AGREEMENT 协定 formal
■a formal agreement between two or more people, organizations or countries 合约；契约；协定
• [+ to infinitive] They made a compact not to reveal any details. 他们互相约定不透露任何细节。
verb transitive /kəmˈpækt/ formal
■to press something together in a tight and solid way 压缩；把…压实；把…压紧
• Cars had compacted the snow until it was like ice. 汽车把雪碾得越来越结实，直到变得像冰一样。
compact, concise, brief
这组词都有“简短的、简洁的”的意思，其区别是：
compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体。
concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。
brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。
n. 合同，契约；小粉盒
 - stipulation, covenant
adj. [数] 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的
 - close, brief

Word: elaborately
Front: elaborately
[ɪ'læbərətlɪ] (托 16169/14383)
Back: adv. 苦心经营地，精巧地; 精心
分布：苦心经营地(60%)，精巧地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
复杂的
You use elaborate to describe something that is very complex because it has a lot of different parts.
例：...an elaborate research project.复杂的研究计划
例：...an elaborate ceremony that lasts for eight days.持续8天的繁琐典礼
ADJ-GRADED
（计划、系统、程序等）繁复的，详尽的，过于复杂的
Elaborate plans, systems, and procedures are complicated because they have been planned in very great detail, sometimes too much detail.
例：...elaborate efforts at the highest level to conceal the problem.最高层为了隐瞒问题而挖空心思
例：...an elaborate management training scheme for graduates.针对毕业生的详尽的管理培训计划
ADJ-GRADED
（衣服、布料等）精致的，精巧的，制作精美的
Elaborate clothing or material is made with a lot of detailed artistic designs.
例：He is known for his elaborate costumes.他以着装精致而闻名。
VERB
精心制作;详细计划;进一步完善
If you elaborate a plan or theory, you develop it by making it more complicated and more effective.
例：His task was to elaborate policies which would make a market economy compatible with a clean environment.他的任务是制定详细政策，使得市场经济和清洁环境能够共存。
例：...the plan elaborated by the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.由联合国安全理事会5个常任理事国详细制定的方案
VERB
详细说明；详尽阐述
If you elaborate on something that has been said, you say more about it, or give more details.
例：A spokesman declined to elaborate on a statement released late yesterday...发言人拒绝对昨天晚些时候发表的声明详加说明。
例：Would you care to elaborate?你愿意详细说明一下吗？
adv. 精巧地；苦心经营地
 - fine, skillfully

Word: tasting
Front: tasting
[ˈteɪstɪŋ] (12332/22532)
Back: n. 尝味，品尝
v. 尝，品尝，尝到( taste的现在分词 ); 吃; 喝; 浅尝
分布：品尝(90%)，尝味(9%)，动词taste的现在分词形式.(1%)
N-COUNT
品尝会
Tasting is used in expressions such as wine tasting to refer to a social event at which people try different kinds of the specified drink or food in small amounts.
n. [食品] 品尝，尝味
 - degustation, gustation

Word: convection
Front: convection
[kənˈvekʃn] (托 16075/17640)
Vocabulary: convection
(once / 49871 pages)
n
Convection is the circular motion that happens when warmer air or liquid — which has faster moving molecules, making it less dense — rises, while the cooler air or liquid drops down.
Convection is a major factor in weather. The sun heats the earth’s surface, then, when cooler air comes into contact with it, the air warms and rises, creating an upward current in the atmosphere. That current can result in wind, clouds, or other weather. Convection currents within the earth move layers of magma, and convection in the ocean creates currents. Convection ovens use fans to circulate heat so that whatever you're cooking cooks faster and more evenly.
WORD FAMILY
convection: convections+/convect: convected, convection
USAGE EXAMPLES
As Earth cooled after its formation, mantle convection may have slowed.
Nature(Nov 01, 2016)
Much of the energy absorbed by the composite was being swept away by convection, heat lost to the air moving above the beaker.
Science Magazine(Aug 22, 2016)
Whether the resulting conductivity is consistent with a geodynamo driven by thermal convection requires further detailed calculations; the results will be reported elsewhere.
Nature(Apr 12, 2016)
Back: n. 传送，对流; 运流
分布：名词(100%)
→con-, 强调。-vect, 携带，移动，词源同vector, vehicle.
[kən'vek.ʃən] specialized
noun uncountable
■the flow of heat through a gas or a liquid （热透过液体或气体的）对流
• Warm air rises by the process of convection. 热空气透过对流上升。
n. [流] [气象] 对流；传送
 - transmission, convective flow

Word: haphazard
Front: haphazard
[hæpˈhæzəd] (托雅宝 16170/11477 -1)
Vocabulary: haphazard
(once / 3178 pages)
1adj 2adjadv
Anything haphazard is random, disorganized, slipshod, or hit-or-miss. A tent erected haphazardly might look more like a big nylon bag of dirty laundry than a place to sleep.
Ever heard the expression "I'll hazard a guess?" In it, the word hazard means "chance," as in "take a chance." Think of the hap in haphazard as short for "happen." Combine hap- and -hazard and you get something that happens (or appears to have happened) by chance. If you approach a math problem with haphazard reasoning, you're likely to get it wrong.
WORD FAMILY
haphazard: haphazardly, haphazardness, haphazards
USAGE EXAMPLES
Yet amid haphazard inspection protocols, it became the site of America’s worst structure fire in a decade.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The database that fire officials use to track properties in need of inspections is outdated, resulting in a process that is haphazard at best.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The first third of the movie looked like an infomercial for a video game, to the point of really diverting from an already haphazard plot.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 偶然的，随意的; 无计划的; 任意的，胡乱的
n. 偶然; 偶然事件; 偶然性; 任意性
adv. 偶然地; 随意地; 无计划地; 杂乱无章地
分布：偶然的(36%)，偶然(30%)，随意的(19%)，杂乱无章的(9%)，杂乱地(3%)，任意地(3%)
→hap,发生，运气，机会，hazard,风险，危害。即运气不好的，处于危险的，引申词义杂乱的，随意的。
偶然的;无计划的(hap+hazard游戏→运气+游戏→偶然的)[hap=chance,表示"机会,运气"]
【记】hap（n 偶然；运气），hazard（n 冒险；危险）
【反】methodical（adj 有方法的；有系统的）；systematic（adj 系统的）
US [-ɚd] adjective disapproving
■not having an obvious order or plan 无秩序的；无计划的；随意的
• He tackled the problem in a typically haphazard manner. 像往常一样，他处理这个问题时也很没有章法。
adj. 偶然的；随便的；无计划的
 - occasional, casual
n. 偶然；偶然事件
 - casualness, accidentalism
adv. 偶然地；随意地
 - accidentally, fortuitously

Word: three-fourths
Front: three-fourths
[θ'ri:f'ɔ:θs] None
Back: quant. 四分之三（美国英语）
分布：四分之三(100%)
QUANT
四分之三(美国英语)
In American English, people sometimes use three-fourths to mean three-quarters .
例：Three-fourths of the apartments in the ghetto had no heat...贫民区有 3/4 的公寓没有暖气。
例：Government expenditures absorbed nearly three-fourths of the national income.政府开支耗费了将近 3/4 的国民收入。

Word: teasing
Front: teasing
['ti:zɪŋ] (16045/19078)
Back: adj. 戏弄的，逗趣的
v. 取笑，戏弄( tease的现在分词 ); 梳理（羊毛等）
分布：动词tease的现在分词.(34%)，揶揄的(33%)，戏弄的(33%)
ADJ-GRADED
(表情、神态)调侃的，戏谑的，开玩笑的
A teasing expression or manner shows that the person is not completely serious about what they are saying or doing.
例：'But we're having such fun, aren't we?' he protested with a teasing smile...“可是我们现在玩得很开心，不是吗？”他戏谑地笑着抗议道。
例：Smith was at his most teasing.史密斯完全是在开玩笑。
n. 戏弄
 - razz

Word: retailing
Front: retailing
[ˈri:teɪlɪŋ] (16124/12501 -1)
Back: n. 零售业
v. 零售(retail的现在分词)
分布：零售业(99%)，动词retail的现在分词形式.(1%)
→来自 retail,零售。
N-UNCOUNT
零售业
Retailing is the activity of selling goods direct to the public, usually in small quantities.
例：She spent fourteen years in retailing.她从事零售业长达14年。
例：...the car retailing industry.汽车零售业

Word: midpoint
Front: midpoint
['mɪdpɔɪnt] (16132/42041)
Back: n. 中点，正中央
分布：中点(90%)，正中央(10%)
noun countable usually singular
DISTANCE 距离
■a point half the distance along something such as a line （线等的）中点
• The driveway is 20m long, so the midpoint must be at 10m. 这条车道有20米长，所以中点一定在10米处。
['mɪd.pɔɪnt] noun countable usually singular
TIME 时间
■a point in the middle of a period of time （时间的）一半，中间时刻
• the midpoint of the football season 足球赛季过半的时候
n. 中点；正中央
 - mid-position

Word: touchy
Front: touchy
[ˈtʌtʃi] (托雅宝 16171/19964)
Vocabulary: touchy
(once / 4971 pages)
adj
Things that are touchy are hard to handle — not literally, but to talk about. Touchy subjects make people upset.
There are a lot of touchy topics in life. Religion is a big one, since people have such different yet strong beliefs. Racism and sexism are touchy. Politics can be touchy. Asking someone how old they are or what they weigh are very touchy questions. Something is touchy is you need to handle it with kid gloves — or maybe avoid the topic altogether. People often use euphemisms — soft, evasive terms — for touchy subjects, to make discussing them easier.
WORD FAMILY
touchy: touchier, touchiest, touchily, touchiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“So far, we think it’s adequate,” she said, adding that the idea of any limit on cash payments in Switzerland became “quite a touchy subject.”
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
But be warned, Mr. Uh is a bit touchy about large groups.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Treatment of tuberculosis is politically touchier, because it often arrives in the United States with immigrants, whom Mr. Trump is famously hostile to.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 易动气的; 小心眼的; 需要小心对待的; 棘手的
adv. 易动气地，过分敏感地，小心眼地
n. 易动气，过分敏感
级别：touchier, touchiest
分布：敏感的(63%)，易怒的(26%)，难以取悦的(11%)
【记】touch（n /v 触摸），y：一摸你就发脾气－易发脾气的
【参】touching（adj 动人的；令人同情的）触摸人心的touchstone（n 试金石；标准）
adjective
■easily offended or upset 易怒的；容易生气的
• You have to be careful what you say to Kevin - he's rather touchy. 你跟凯文说话时得小心些——他很容易生气。
• She's very touchy about the fact that her husband has been married before. 她对丈夫以前结过婚一事很敏感。
■needing to be dealt with carefully 需要小心对待的；棘手的；敏感的
• This is a touchy subject/issue/point , so we'd better avoid it. 这是个棘手的话题／问题，我们最好回避。
adj. 过敏的；易生气的；难以取悦的
 - irritable, hypersusceptible

Word: eroding
Front: eroding
[ɪˈrəʊdɪŋ] (16168/33066)
Back: v. 侵蚀，腐蚀( erode的现在分词 ); 逐渐毁坏，削弱，损害
分布：侵蚀(74%)，腐蚀(22%)，受到侵蚀(4%)
V-ERG
（使）侵蚀;(使)腐蚀;(使)风化
If rock or soil erodes or is eroded by the weather, sea, or wind, it cracks and breaks so that it is gradually destroyed.
例：By 1980, Miami beach had all but totally eroded...到1980年，迈阿密海滩已经完全风蚀了。
例：Once exposed, soil is quickly eroded by wind and rain.一旦暴露在外，土壤很快就会被风雨侵蚀。
V-ERG
（权威、权利、信心等）逐渐丧失；削弱
If someone's authority, right, or confidence erodes or is eroded, it is gradually destroyed or removed.
例：His critics say his fumbling of the issue of reform has eroded his authority...批评家们说他在改革问题上的蹩脚做法已经削弱了他的权威。
例：America's belief in its own God-ordained uniqueness started to erode.美国人心中上帝赋予了他们独一无二的品质的信念开始逐渐丧失。
V-ERG
（使）贬值;（使）降价
If the value of something erodes or is eroded by something such as inflation or age, its value decreases.
例：Competition in the financial marketplace has eroded profits...金融市场的竞争降低了利润。
例：The value of the dollar began to erode rapidly just around this time.刚好在这个时候，美元开始迅速贬值。
v. 侵蚀；磨损（erode的ing形式）
 - wearing
adj. 侵蚀的
 - eating, corroded

Word: winter
Front: winter
[ˈwɪntə(r)] (中高 1244/1300 -K3)
Back: n. 冬，冬天; 年岁; 萧条期，衰落期
v. 过冬; 冬季饲养（家畜）; 使受冻，使萎缩
adj. 冬天的，冬季的; 越冬的; 冬播的
时态：wintered, wintering, winters
分布：冬天(65%)，冬季(18%)，过冬(8%)，冬天的(8%)，冬季生长的(1%)
→争议词源，通常认为来自wed,雨，水，湿的，词源同wet,water,即多雨季节。
n.冬季,冬天Twice the twin king wins the winter swinging under the wing of the plane.孪生国王两次赢得冬季机翼下的荡秋千赛.
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable or uncountable
 ESSENTIAL
■the season between autumn and spring, lasting from November to March north of the equator and from May to September south of the equator, when the weather is coldest 冬季，冬天
• Last winter we went skiing. 去年冬天我们去滑雪了。
• It's been a surprisingly mild winter. 今年冬天暖和得出奇。
• I think you tend to eat more in the winter. 我想你在冬天可能会吃得更多。
UK ['wɪn.tər] US [-tˌɚ] verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■(especially of a bird) to spend the winter in a particular place （尤指鸟类）过冬，越冬
• Birds migrate so that they can winter in a warmer country. 鸟类定期迁徙，这样它们就可以在更暖和的地方过冬。
• Kuwait Bay is one of the world's most important wintering grounds for wading birds. 科威特湾是世界上最重要的涉禽越冬地之一。
n. [气候] 冬季；年岁；萧条期
 - peret, years of age
vi. 过冬
 - hibernate, overwinter
adj. [气候] 冬天的；越冬的
 - brumous, hibernal

Word: illusory
Front: illusory
[ɪˈlu:səri] (宝 16148/13935)
Vocabulary: illusory
(once / 5000 pages)
adj
If something is based on something that is not real, you can say it is illusory. Tales of seeing Elvis and Big Foot eating together at McDonalds are probably based on an illusory experience.
Although the adjective illusory can describe anything that's based on an illusion, it often has the negative connotation of being deliberately deceptive. Like a bogus investment scheme that seems to make money for investors: any real profits are totally illusory. Or the illusory claims that fad diets work — they only work while you're on the diet, and no one can survive on cabbage soup forever.
WORD FAMILY
illusory: illusorily+/ disillusion: disillusioned, disillusioning, disillusionment, disillusions/disillusioning: disillusioningly/ disillusionment: disillusionments/ illusion: disillusion, illusional, illusionary, illusionist, illusions, illusory / illusionist: illusionists
USAGE EXAMPLES
After all, the young man’s great expectations were always illusory.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
These are false and forced frameworks, providing illusory freedom, as time provides illusory leniency when we, in anguish, let it pass monotonously.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
A quick survey will show that the paradox is illusory: Holmes is depressed when there is no target for his mental faculties.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2012)
Back: adj. <正>貌似真实的，虚幻的; 虚无缥缈
分布：虚幻的(78%)，幻觉的(22%)
→来自illusion,虚幻。
虚幻的(来自illusion)[il-,ir-①放在同辅音词根前表示"不,无"②表示"使…成为,进入"]
虚幻的(来自illusion幻觉)[-ory 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词,指场所等]
US [-sɚ-] (also illusive) formal
adjective
■not real; based on illusion 虚假的；幻觉的；不实际的
• Their hopes of a peaceful solution turned out to be illusory. 他们希望和平解决的想法最终证实是不实际的。
adj. 错觉的；幻影的；虚假的；产生幻觉的
 - phantasmal, mendacious

Word: hydroelectric
Front: hydroelectric
[ˌhaɪdrəʊɪˈlektrɪk] (16163/26081)
Back: adj. 水力发电的
分布：水力发电的(100%)
→hydro-,水，electric,电。
水力发电的(hydro+electric电)[hydy,hydro=water,表示"水"]
US [-droʊ-] adjective
■relating to or producing electricity by the force of fast moving water such as rivers or waterfalls 水力发电的，水电的
• a hydroelectric power station 水力发电站
adj. [电] 水力发电的；水电治疗的
 - hydel

Word: Chechen
Front: Chechen
[tʃə'tʃen] (16255/-)
Back: n. 车臣
分布：车臣(67%)，车臣的(33%)

Word: heretofore
Front: heretofore
[ˌhɪətuˈfɔ:(r)] (16177/38480)
Vocabulary: heretofore
(once / 811 pages)
adv
When someone says heretofore, they're describing things that have happened up to the present moment. This formal word means "thus far" and often appears in legal or other official documents.
This is an old-fashioned word, but it refers to something timeless — events in the past that have gone on until now. To sell a new shoe, an advertiser could say, "Heretofore, there has never been a shoe like this." After a disaster, someone could say, "Heretofore, we never experienced such a catastrophe." This word draws a line in the sand between the past and the present. This word means about the same as as yet and until now.
WORD FAMILY
heretofore
USAGE EXAMPLES
By scouring economic statistics, Greenspan thinks he’s discovered heretofore hidden relationships that explain weak productivity growth.
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
For op-ed columnists and ideologically disinclined news reporters alike, Trump elicits a palpable disgust and a heretofore unknown variety of fear.
Slate(Nov 09, 2016)
“Phi takes this heretofore very unquantifiable subject and puts some numbers around it so we can have a more meaningful conversation with the industry.”
New York Times(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: adv. 在此以前
分布：迄今为止(63%)，以前(37%)
US [ˌhɪr.tʊ'fɔ:r] adverb formal or legal
■before this point in time; previously 此前，在此之前
adv. 直到此时，迄今为止；在这以前
 - so far

Word: sojourn
Front: sojourn
[ˈsɒdʒən] (托宝 16174/18893)
Vocabulary: sojourn
(once / 914 pages)
nv
A sojourn is a short stay or visit. If you want a fancy way to say that you took a trip to the countryside, you might talk about your country sojourn.
The verb is originally from the Latin prefix sub- "under" plus diurnus "of a day." You might refer to your vacation as a sojourn, but it might make more sense if you are describing a trip to Provence rather than a trip to Disney World. Or In figurative use, sojourn means to delve––your math teacher may stop midway through lessons on fractions for a brief sojourn into techniques for slicing pie.
WORD FAMILY
sojourn: sojourned, sojourner, sojourning, sojourns+/sojourner: sojourners
USAGE EXAMPLES
Is it maturity — to endure, to survive long stretches of emotional tumult on moxie and sojourns to the gym?
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
Trump’s sojourn to the party was his only expedition on Saturday outside the Manhattan skyscraper that bears his name.
Seattle Times(Dec 03, 2016)
But, nevertheless, my shopping sojourn offered some hints about what shoppers might expect if they try in-store pickup this holiday season.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 逗留，旅居
时态：sojourned, sojourning, sojourns
分布：逗留(53%)，旅居(47%)
→来自古法语 sojurner,逗留，暂住一段时间，来自通俗拉丁语*subdiurnare,停留一天，玩一天， 来自 sub-,在下，持续，-diurn,天，一天，词源同 diurnal,journal.
旅居;逗留(so[=sub在...下面)+journ→在旅行→旅居)[journ=day,表示"日期"]
【记】so，journ＝journey（n /v 旅行）
US ['soʊ.dʒɝ:n] literary
noun countable
■a short period when a person stays in a particular place 逗留，停留
• My sojourn in the youth hostel was thankfully short. 幸好我在青年旅馆逗留的时间很短。
n. 逗留；旅居
 - visit, stay, stop
vi. 逗留；旅居
 - remain, stop

Word: inappropriately
Front: inappropriately
[ˌɪnə'prəʊprɪətlɪ] (16186/18794)
Back: adv. 不适当地
分布：不适当地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不适用的;不适合的
Something that is inappropriate is not useful or suitable for a particular situation or purpose.
例：The industry is inappropriate to the region's present and future needs...该行业不适合该地区当前和未来的需要。
例：There is no suggestion that clients have been sold inappropriate policies.无迹象表明向客户售出了不适用的保险。
ADJ-GRADED
不得体的;不合时宜的
If you say that someone's speech or behaviour in a particular situation is inappropriate, you are criticizing it because you think it is not suitable for that situation.
例：I feel the remark was inappropriate for such a serious issue...我认为对如此严肃的问题来说,该评论不合时宜。
例：It is inappropriate for a judge to belong to a discriminatory club.法官参加一个带歧视性的俱乐部是不合适的。
adv. 不适当地
 - improperly, inadequately

Word: sordid
Front: sordid
[ˈsɔ:dɪd] (宝 16187/14240 -1)
Vocabulary: sordid
(once / 1060 pages)
adj
Describe a person's actions as sordid if they are so immoral or unethical that they seem dirty. Think of the worst parts of a bad soap opera!
Sordid comes from the Latin word sordes "dirt." Something that is filthy or run down such as a neighborhood or someone's living conditions can be called sordid, but it is usually used figuratively to mean immoral or dishonest. If you want to hear the sordid details of someone's actions, it's because they were extremely dishonest or sexually immoral and also because they were supposed to be kept a secret.
WORD FAMILY
sordid: sordidest, sordidly, sordidness
USAGE EXAMPLES
After a sordid start, the defense held the 49ers to 99 yards in the final three quarters.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
It’s the latest sign of how voice-enabled artificial intelligence is becoming enmeshed in the fabric of daily life — even in its most sordid aspects.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
In Ms. Trump’s case, she demanded a retraction and apology from Mr. Tarpley, who published his sordid blog post on Aug. 2.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 肮脏的; 污秽的; 卑鄙的; 邋遢的
分布：肮脏的(58%)，卑鄙的(34%)，不诚实的(4%)，破烂的(4%)
→来自拉丁语 sordere,变得肮脏，来自 sordes,肮脏，污秽，来自 swordo,黑的，脏的，词源 同 swarthy,黝黑的。
【记】读：搔did－骚人做的事－勾引别人的老公－肮脏的，卑鄙的
【反】wholesome（adj 卫生的；健康的）
US ['sɔ:r-] adjective
DIRTY 脏的
■dirty and unpleasant 肮脏的，邋遢的
• There are lots of really sordid apartments in the city's poorer areas. 该市的落后地区有很多极其肮脏的公寓。
UK ['sɔ:.dɪd] US ['sɔ:r-] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的
■immoral and shocking 不道德的，不诚实的，卑鄙的
• He told me he'd had an affair but he spared me the sordid details. 他告诉我他有了外遇，但没有告诉我其中龌龊的细节。
adj. 肮脏的；卑鄙的；利欲熏心的；色彩暗淡的
 - poor, mean, base, dirty

Word: ventilator
Front: ventilator
[ˈventɪleɪtə(r)] (16166/15621)
Back: n. 通风设备; 通风机; 气窗; 负责通风的人
分布：呼吸器(50%)，通风机(40%)，换气扇(10%)
US [-əl.eɪ.ɚ] noun countable
■an opening or a device that allows fresh air to come into a closed space 通风口；通风设备
■a machine that helps people breathe correctly by allowing air to flow in and out of their lungs 人工呼吸器
• He was brought into intensive care shortly after the crash and immediately put on a ventilator. 车祸发生后不久，他就被送进了加护病房，并且马上戴上了人工呼吸器。
n. [机] 通风设备；换气扇
 - ventilation fan, ventilation installation

Word: colorless
Front: colorless
['kʌləlɪs] (16173/-)
Back: adj. 无色的; 苍白的; 颜色黯淡的; 无特色的
分布：无色的(89%)，苍白的(11%)
无色的(color颜色)[-less表形容词"无…的,不...的"]
【反】chromatic（adj 彩色的）
adj. 无色的；苍白的；无趣味的
 - gray, wan

Word: harbinger
Front: harbinger
[ˈhɑ:bɪndʒə(r)] (宝 16191/20456)
Vocabulary: harbinger
(once / 3983 pages)
nv
A harbinger is something that comes before and that shows what will follow in the future. The robin is a harbinger of spring––its presence means spring is coming soon.
The appearance of a ghost is often thought of as a harbinger of death. Middle English herbergere is from Old French herbergeor "host," from herberge "camp, shelter," a word ultimately borrowed from a Germanic language.
WORD FAMILY
harbinger: harbingered, harbingering, harbingers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those milestones themselves are a disconcerting harbinger of a warming world, but November brought an even more bizarre event.
Salon(Dec 29, 2016)
When voters demur, evidently their strategy is retain power by fixing the system: a terrible harbinger for America’s broader, dismally partisan politics.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Hollywood is watching, as several production companies are planning similar U.S.-Sino projects and see “The Great Wall” as a harbinger for their prospects.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 预言者，预兆
vt. 预告; 充做…的前驱
时态：harbingered, harbingering, harbingers
分布：预兆(48%)，预示(29%)，先驱(20%)，作先驱(3%)
→har-,军队，队伍，词源同here,harry,-binger,住宿，庇护所，词源同burg.原义为先头部队，为大部队准备安营扎寨，后引申词义传令官，使者，以及预兆，兆头。
US ['hɑ:r.bɪn.dʒɚ] noun countable literary
■someone or a thing that shows that something is going to happen soon, especially something bad （尤指坏事的）先兆，预兆
• a harbinger of doom 毁灭的前兆
n. 先驱；前兆；预告者
 - precursor, forerunner
vt. 预告；充做…的前驱
 - preannounce, forerun

Word: vagaries
Front: vagaries
[ˈveɪgəriz] (16192/-)
Back: n. 奇想( vagary的名词复数 ); 异想天开; 异常行为; 难以预测的情况
分布：奇特(35%)，奇特行为(33%)，变幻莫测(16%)，好奇(16%)
US [-gɚ-] formal
plural noun
■unexpected and uncontrollable events or changes which have an influence on a situation 变幻无常的事件；不可捉摸的变化
• The success of the event will be determined by the vagaries of the weather. 这场活动能否成功将取决于天气的变化。
• She had her own style and was not influenced by the vagaries of fashion. 她有自己的风格，不受潮流变幻的影响。

Word: bondage
Front: bondage
[ˈbɒndɪdʒ] (托宝 16176/18715 -1)
Vocabulary: bondage
(once / 868 pages)
n
Bondage is the state of being bound, like a slave. If you're in handcuffs, you're in bondage.
The word bondage has meant "condition of a serf or slave" since the 1300s, the same time the word bond came along to mean "anything that binds." Bondage originated around the time Dante was writing "The Inferno," in which Satan flaps his wings to try and break free of bondage, as he's stuck in ice up to his chest. Most people would like to be free of any kind of bondage, which is why the X-Ray Spex (a punk band from the '70s) yell, "Oh bondage, up yours!"
WORD FAMILY
bondage: bondages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Modern slavery has become a catch-all term to describe human trafficking, forced labor, debt bondage, sex trafficking, forced marriage and other slave-like exploitation.
Reuters(Nov 28, 2016)
Stanton was best known for his bondage work on comic strips like “Sweeter Gwendolyn” and “Confidential TV.”
New York Times(Oct 27, 2016)
If these were men being held in bondage the world would be up in arms.
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 奴役，束缚; 身体受束缚; 奴役处境; （英国古代的）农奴租地法
分布：束缚(72%)，奴役(28%)
→来自PIE *bheue, 存在，生长，居住，词源同be，原指农夫，佃农，同husband. 后词义受bond影响。
【记】bond＝band带，绳－被绳子绑起来－束缚
US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
SERVANT 仆人 literary
■the state of being another person's slave (= a person who is owned by them and has to work for them) 奴役
• The slaves were kept in bondage until their death. 奴隶们终生受到奴役。
UK ['bɒn.dɪdʒ] US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
SEX 性行为
■the activity of tying parts of a person's body so that they cannot move in order to get or give sexual pleasure （为获得性快感）捆绑起来做爱
• They were into (= They liked) bondage. 他们有性虐待癖。
• bondage gear 捆绑器具
UK ['bɒn.dɪdʒ] US ['bɑ:n-] noun uncountable
be in bondage to sth literary
■to be controlled by something 受…的束缚
n. 奴役，束缚；奴役身份
 - chain, restriction, slavery, Enslaved

Word: wrong
Front: wrong
[rɒŋ] (中高 655/672 -K4)
Vocabulary: wrong
(once / 43 pages)
1adjadv 2adjvn 3adj
Use the adjective wrong to talk about something that is factually incorrect. You thought your paper was due a week from Friday, but you were wrong. It's due tomorrow. Better start typing!
You can use the word wrong to describe something that deviates from your moral principles. You might believe that the death penalty is just wrong, but not everyone agrees with you. The adjective wrong can also describe something that is inappropriate for a certain purpose. It's frustrating to get all the way home from the store before you realize you grabbed the wrong kind of milk — buttermilk instead of two percent.
WORD FAMILY
wrong: wronged, wronger, wrongest, wrongful, wronging, wrongly, wrongness, wrongs+/ inappropriate: inappropriately, inappropriateness/wrongful: wrongfully, wrongfulness/wrongness: inappropriate, wrongnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
But after the first drive, it quickly became apparent that something was wrong.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
“They were using the wrong gauge to measure their progress.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
At least it’s not what I sometimes get: “What’s wrong with you?”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 有毛病的，失常的; 错误的，不正确的; 不好的，不公正的; 反对的，相反的，颠倒的，背面的，里面的
adv. 不对，错误，失当; 不好，不公正; 逆，颠倒，翻转; 有毛病，不舒服
n. 过失，错误; 不义的行为; 不义行为; 犯罪
vt. 委屈，无理地对待，诽谤
时态：wronged, wronging, wrongs
分布：错误(54%)，错误的(34%)，冤枉(2%)，坏事(2%)，错误地(2%)，不公正(1%)，有毛病的(1%)，不适当的(1%)，不道德的(1%)，犯罪(1%)，欺骗(1%)
→来自wrengh,弯，转，偏离，来自wer的鼻音形式，弯，转，词源同wry,wring。引申义错误的。比较right,来自reg,直，词源同rectitude,regulate.
a.错的ad.错误地,不正确地n.错误v.委屈I took the wrong way.我走错了路.
US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT CORRECT 不正确
 ESSENTIAL
■not correct 错误的；不正确的
• Three of your answers were wrong. 你的回答中有三个是错的。
• That clock is wrong - it's 12.30 not 12.15. 那个时钟不准——是12：30，不是12：15。
• Some of his facts are questionable, others are plainly (= completely) wrong. 他提供的事实有些值得怀疑，其他的则完全错误。
Compare right
 ESSENTIAL
■If someone is wrong, they are not correct in their judgment or statement about something 弄错的；判断错的
• You were wrong about the time - the shop closed at 7 not 8. 你把时间搞错了——这商店是七点关门，不是八点。
• He's wrong in thinking that we will support the project financially. 他错误地以为我们会在资金上支持这个专案计划。
prove sb wrong
■to show by your actions that someone's judgment of you was not correct 证明（某人）是错误的
• I thought she couldn't do it, but she proved me wrong. 我原以为她做不来这件事，但她证明我错了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT SUITABLE 不合适的
 ESSENTIAL
■not suitable or correct, or not as it should be 不合适的；不想要的；不应该的
• She's the wrong person for the job. 她不是这份工作的合适人选。
• We must have taken a wrong turning. 我们一定是拐错弯了。
• I'm sorry, you've got the wrong number (= this is not the telephone number you wanted). 对不起，您打错电话了。
Compare right
 ADVANCED
■describes something that is not considered to be socially acceptable or suitable 不正当的；不可取的
• She got in with the wrong crowd (= a group of people who were not considered socially acceptable) at university. 她上大学时结交了一群狐群狗党。
 ADVANCED
■If you ask someone what is wrong, you want to know what is worrying or upsetting them 烦恼的；不顺心的
• You've been quiet all evening. Is there anything wrong? 你整晚都很沉默，有甚么不顺心的事吗？
• What's wrong with you today? 你今天怎么了？
the wrong way round/around
■If something is the wrong way round/around, the part that should be at the front is at the back 前后弄反的（地），颠倒的（地）
• You've got your skirt on the wrong way round. 你把裙子反过来穿了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的
 ADVANCED
■not considered morally acceptable by most people 不道德的；不正当的；不对的
• Children should be taught that violence is wrong. 应该教育孩子暴力是不良行为。
• It was wrong of her to lie to you. 她对你撒谎是不对的。
• What's wrong with having a bit of fun? 找点乐趣有甚么不对？
Opposite right
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
NOT WORKING 不工作的
[after verb]
■not working correctly 不正常运作的；出毛病的
• Something's wrong with the television - the picture's gone fuzzy. 电视机出毛病了——图像不清楚。
• The doctors are still trying to find out what's wrong. 医生仍在试图找出问题的症结。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
catch sb on the wrong foot
■If something catches you on the wrong foot, you are not prepared for it 令（某人）措手不及
• I hadn't expected the question and it caught me on the wrong foot. 我没有预料到这个问题，它使我措手不及。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
get the wrong end of the stick informal
■to not understand a situation correctly 误解
• Her friend saw us arrive at the party together and got the wrong end of the stick. 她的朋友看到我们一同到达聚会现场，便产生了误解。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
get / fall into the wrong hands
■If something gets/falls into the wrong hands, a dangerous person or enemy starts to control it 落到危险分子（或敌人）手里
• If this sort of information fell into the wrong hands, we could be in serious trouble. 如果这种消息让对手知道，我们就麻烦了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
go down the wrong way
■If food or drink goes down the wrong way, it goes down the wrong tube in your throat and causes you to cough or stop breathing for a short time. （食物或饮料）误入气管，呛到了
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adjective
send / give out (all) the wrong signals
■to give an incorrect message 传达一个错误讯息
• If the government refuses to provide aid, it would send out all the wrong signals to the rest of the world. 如果政府拒绝提供援助，这将向世界上的其他国家传达错误的讯息。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adverb
 IMPROVER informal
■in a way that is not correct 错误地；不对
• You've spelt my name wrong. 你把我的名字拼写错了。
⇒ See also wrongly
get sth wrong informal
■to make a mistake in the way you answer or understand something 答错；理解错
• I spent hours doing that calculation and I still got the answer wrong. 我花了好几个小时解那道计算题，但还是做错了。
• You've got it all wrong - it was your boss that she was annoyed with and not you! 你完全理解错了——让她生气的是你们老板，而不是你！
go wrong
 IMPROVER
■If a situation or event goes wrong, it becomes unpleasant and is not a success 出问题；不如意；失败
• Our marriage began to go wrong after we had our first child. 我们在有了第一个孩子之后，婚姻开始出现问题。
 ADVANCED
■to make a mistake 犯错误；弄错
• These shelves are very easy to put together - you can't go wrong. 这些架子很容易组装——你不会弄错的。
• I thought I'd done this correctly, I just can't understand where I've gone wrong. 我以为自己这样做是对的，我就是不明白错在哪里。
■If a machine goes wrong, it stops working correctly. （机器）出毛病，不正常运作
• Our TV keeps going wrong. 我们的电视一直有毛病。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] adverb
don't get me wrong
■said when you think someone might not understand what you say, or be upset by it 别误会
• Don't get me wrong - I'd love to come but I'm too busy next week. 别误会——我确实想来，但是我下个礼拜太忙了。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] noun
uncountable
■what is considered to be morally unacceptable 不道德；不正当；错误
• He has no sense of right and wrong. 他没有甚么是非感。
• I was brought up to tell the truth and know right from wrong. 我从小就受教育要说真话、明辨是非。
• As far as her parents are concerned, she can do no wrong (= she is perfect in every way). 在她父母眼中，她是完美无瑕的。
countable
■an unfair action 冤枉；不公平的行为
• He has done us a great wrong. 他大大冤枉了我们。
• She was trying to right (= do something to make better) the wrongs of the past. 她试图纠正过去的冤屈。
in the wrong
■If someone is in the wrong, they have made a mistake or done something which is bad or illegal 犯错误；不对
• The driver was unquestionably in the wrong. 毫无疑问是那个司机不对。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] noun
Two wrongs don't make a right. saying
■said to emphasize that it is not acceptable to do something bad to someone just because they did something bad to you first 以牙还牙是不可取的。
UK [rɒŋ] US [rɑ:ŋ] verb transitive formal
■to treat someone in an unfair or unacceptable way 不公正地对待；冤枉
• She felt deeply wronged by his accusations. 他的指控使她觉得深受冤枉。
adv. 错误地；邪恶的，不正当地
 - in error, incorrectly
n. 坏事；不公正
 - bad, injustice
adj. 错误的；失常的；不适当的
 - false, incorrect, unhappy, improper, inadequate
vt. 委屈；无理地对待；诽谤
 - vilify, asperse

Word: kimono
Front: kimono
[kɪˈməʊnəʊ] (16111/26225)
Vocabulary: kimono
(once / 7247 pages)
n
A kimono is a lightweight Japanese robe. You might buy a kimono as a gift for your mom when you travel to Tokyo.
A traditional kimono is nearly floor length, loose-fitting and with very wide sleeves. The cloth belt that ties around the waist of a kimono is called an obi. Both men and women wear kimonos, though they're more frequently worn by women. The word kimono literally means "a thing to wear" or "a thing to put on," from the Japanese roots ki, "wear," and mono, "thing."
WORD FAMILY
kimono: kimonos
USAGE EXAMPLES
We were exploring that when a man named Thomas entered the room, wearing an olive-green kimono.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
In the hotel lobby, there was a lovely Japanese woman in formal traditional dress—an embroidered cream-colored floor-length kimono and sandals.
The New Yorker(Dec 14, 2016)
I eagerly await Chaffetz’s news conference reiterating his kimono policy, since he made very clear that he sees his role as nonpartisan.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. （日本的）和服; 和服式女晨衣
分布：和服(93%)，和服式女晨衣(7%)
→来自日本式汉语，ki,着，mono,物，即穿着的衣物。
US [-'moʊ.noʊ] (plural kimonos)
noun countable
■a long loose piece of outer clothing with very wide sleeves, traditionally worn by the Japanese （日本的）和服

Word: patronize
Front: patronize
[ˈpætrənaɪz] (宝 16199/19974 -1)
Vocabulary: patronize
(once / 1453 pages)
1v 2v
If you patronize a business, you shop there regularly. But if someone patronizes you, it's not so pleasant — they talk to you as if you were inferior or not very intelligent.
Patronize comes from Latin patronus "protector, master," related to pater "father." So if you patronize a person, you talk down to them like a father might do to his child or a master to his apprentice. If you want to take an advanced class and your advisor warns you of all the hard work, you can tell him to stop patronizing you — you know a hard class involves hard work. This sounds much better than saying, "I'm not stupid!"
WORD FAMILY
patronize: patronized, patronizes, patronizing +/ patron: patroness, patronise, patronize, patronless, patrons/patroness: patronesses/patronise: patronised, patronises, patronising/patronised: unpatronised/patronized: unpatronized/ patronizing: patronizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shoppers patronizing the stores, cafes or public gardens inside must endure layers of security screening.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
The letter was organized by ABC Home chief executive Paulette Cole, whose home furnishing store was patronized by both Trump and his business.
Washington Post(Dec 08, 2016)
Yet my mom, a beautiful redhead, patronized stores owned by local Lebanese and Iraqi families.
Salon(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: vt. 惠顾; 资助; 保护; 屈尊
时态：patronized, patronizing, patronizes
分布：资助(62%)，以高人一等的态度对待(22%)，经常光顾(16%)
→来自patron,赞助，保护，-ize,使。后引申贬义词义屈尊，像别人的父亲的。
赞助;光顾(patron+ize)[patr(i)=father,表示"父亲"]
US ['peɪ.trən-/ UK ['pæt.rən-] verb transitive
ACT SUPERIOR 表现高傲 disapproving (ALSO UK usually patronise)
■to speak to or behave towards someone as if they are stupid or not important 屈尊俯就地对待；对…摆出高人一等的姿态
• Stop patronising me - I understand the play as well as you do. 别对我这么神气了——我对这出戏的理解不比你差。
UK ['pæt.rən.aɪz] US ['peɪ.trən-/ UK ['pæt.rən-] verb transitive
BE CUSTOMER 成为顾客 formal (ALSO UK usually patronise)
■to be a regular customer of a shop or restaurant, etc 经常光顾，经常惠顾（商店、餐馆等）
• We always patronize Beaumont's - the food is so good there. 我们总是光顾博蒙特——那里的食物很好吃。
vt. 惠顾；资助；保护
 - fund, secure, preserve

Word: unmistakably
Front: unmistakably
[ˌʌnmɪ'steɪkəblɪ] (16196/15816)
Back: adv. 显而易见地; 不会弄错地; 不会误解地; 明白地
分布：明白地(100%)
ADJ
清楚明白的；不会弄错的；确定无疑的
If you describe something as unmistakable, you mean that it is so obvious that it cannot be mistaken for anything else.
例：He didn't give his name, but the voice was unmistakable.他没留下姓名，但是那个声音是绝不会错的。
例：...the unmistakable smell of marijuana drifted down.大麻的气味飘了下来，肯定不会弄错的
adv. 明白地
 - explicitly, plainly

Word: after
Front: after
[ˈɑ:ftə(r)] (中高 120/96 -K5)
Vocabulary: after
(once / 5 pages)
advadj
After is a preposition meaning "later in time" or "behind in space." After many hours of dancing, you'll be sweaty and hungry.
The word after goes all the way back to Sanskrit (meaning "further off" or "beyond"). You can use it in the context of time, as in, "Meet me after dinner and we'll take a walk," or of space, as in, "After you pass the school, you'll see the library on your right." After can also be an adverb. If you like ships, you'll recognize the relationship of after to aft, which means the rear part of the ship.
WORD FAMILY
after
USAGE EXAMPLES
After that, we bumped into each other occasionally on the street, spending a few minutes catching up.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
An angry crowd cursed the government, even after a representative of Mr. Sadr tried to calm them.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
After a 5-11 season, changes will be demanded of the Jets.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: prep. …后的; （表示时间）在…以后; （表示位置、顺序）在…后面
conj. 在…以后
adv. 以后，继后
adj. 后来的，以后的
分布：以后(46%)，后来(13%)，以后的(10%)，关于(9%)，追赶(6%)，在后面(6%)，依照(6%)，在 ... 以后(2%)，在 ... 之后(2%)
→来自PIE *apo, 从，后面，词源同前缀ab-, 单词of。-ter比较级后缀。
prep.在...以后;在...后面adv.以后,后来After graduation, he went to Michigan.毕业后他去了密歇根.
US ['æf.tɚ] preposition
 ESSENTIAL
■following in time, place or order （时间、地点或顺序）在…之后；（一个）接着（一个）
• Shall we go for a walk after breakfast? 我们吃过早餐去散步好吗？
• Some people believe in life after death. 一些人相信死后灵魂依然存在。
• Her name came after mine on the list. 名单上她的名字排在我后面。
• There's a good film on the day after tomorrow. 后天有一部不错的电影。
• She waited until well after midnight. 她一直等到深夜很晚的时候。
• US It's a quarter after four. 四点十五分了。
• She just keeps on working, day after day , week after week (= continuously). 她日复一日地工作下去。
• We've had meeting after meeting (= many meetings) to discuss this point. 我们一次又一次地开会讨论这个问题。
• Jessie seemed very small after (= in comparison with) Michael's children. 与麦克的孩子比起来，杰西显得很矮小。
• After (= Despite) everything I've done for you, is this the way you treat me? 我甚么都为你做了，你就这样对待我吗？
• After (= Because of) what she did to me, I'll never trust her again. 她对我做出这种事情，我再也不会信任她了。
• The children have to learn to tidy up after themselves (= after they have made things untidy). 孩子必须意识到，自己弄乱了东西，就得自己收拾整齐。
• She slammed the door after (= behind) her. 她随手砰地关上了门。
• We ran after (= followed) him, but he escaped. 我们去追他，但是他逃脱了。
• Could you lock up after you (= when you leave) , please? 请你离开时锁好门好吗？
be after sb/sth informal
■to be looking for someone or something or trying to find or get them 寻找；追求；追捕
• The police are after him. 警方正在追捕他。
• I'm after a tie to go with this shirt. 我要找一条和这件衬衫相配的领带。
• I'm sure she's after my husband. 我敢肯定她在打我丈夫的主意。
• He's after (= wants for himself) Jane's job. 他要抢简的饭碗。
after you
■used to politely say that someone can go in front of you or serve themselves with food before you （用于让别人先走或先用饮食）你先请
• "Can I pour you some coffee?" "Oh no, after you." “我给你倒点咖啡吧？”“噢，不用，你先来吧。”
■UK informal
■used to ask another person to give you something which they are using when they have finished using it （用于请求在某人之后使用…）
• After you with the newspaper, Jack. 杰克，你看完报纸给我看看。
■typical of or similar to the style of 具有…风格；模仿…
• a painting after Titian 一幅模仿提香的画作
• a concerto after Mozart 模仿莫劄特风格的协奏曲
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] preposition
after all ADVANCED
■despite earlier problems or doubts 终究
• The rain has stopped, so the game will go ahead after all. 雨已经停了，所以比赛还会继续下去。
■used to add information that shows that what you have just said is true 毕竟
• I do like her - after all, she is my sister. 我当然喜欢她，毕竟她是我姐姐呀。
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■later than someone or something else 以后，后来；向后；在后面
• Hilary got here at midday and Nicholas arrived soon after. 希拉蕊中午到了这里，随后不久尼古拉斯也到了。
• I can't go next week - how about the week after (= the following week) ? 下星期我去不了，下下星期怎么样？
• not standard She got back at 4.30 and went to see Emilie after (= after she got back). 她四点半回来的，随后就去探望艾蜜莉了。
UK ['ɑ:f.tər] US ['æf.tɚ] conjunction
 ESSENTIAL
■at a time which is later than another event 在…之后
• Three months after they moved out, the house was still empty. 他们搬出去三个月了，这座房子仍然空着。
• Soon/shortly after we joined the motorway, the car started to make a strange noise. 我们上了高速公路不久，车子就发出奇怪的噪音。
• I went to the post office straight/immediately after I left you. 离开你以后我马上／立刻就去了邮局。
after, in
after: 接时间点， after 7:00,
in: 接时间段 in five minutes
after, behind, at the back of
这些词均有“在……后面”之意。
after: 和behind用来表地点时，前者强调的是顺序的先后，而后者侧重方向和位置的前后关系。请比较：The student sat after me.那个学生坐在我后面。(我坐在他前面)。The student sat behind me.那学生坐在我背后。after与behind用于指时间时，前者强调时间的先后顺序，而后者则着重于表示“落后……”或“迟于……”的概念。试比较：Who ruled after James I?詹姆斯一世之后是谁统治的?You are forty minutes behind schedule.你比规定的时间迟了40分钟。after多用于表示因时间上的先后而造成顺序的前后场合，behind则常用于仅指位置上的前后关系。请比较：Please shut the door after you.请随手关门。Please shut the door behind you.请关上你身后的门。
at the back of: 这个前置词短语既可指具体的位置的先后，又可用于指抽象的概念。
adv. 后来，以后
 - since, subsequently
prep. 在……之后
 - in the back of
adj. 以后的
 - succeeding

Word: superfluous
Front: superfluous
[su:ˈpɜ:fluəs] (研托雅宝 16195/13701 -1)
Vocabulary: superfluous
(once / 699 pages)
adj
When something is so unnecessary that it could easily be done away with, like a fifth wheel on a car or a fifth person on a double date, call it superfluous.
Superfluous (soo-PER-floo-uhs) means "more than required." Use it when pointing out something that could be removed without detracting from the quality of something: "For a climb over a glacier, the very thickest shoes are absolutely necessary; beyond these, all else seems superfluous to me," wrote the adventurer Charles Stoddard in 1899. The word comes from Latin and literally means "overflowing": super, "over" + fluere, "to flow." So you can think of a superfluous addition as flowing over the boundaries of what's needed.
WORD FAMILY
superfluous: superfluity, superfluously+/ superfluity: superfluities
USAGE EXAMPLES
So, suddenly Alex Jones is interested in formerly superfluous things like evidence and substantiation.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Under the old feudalism, the peasants were exploited; under the new arrangement, they’ll merely be superfluous.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
A two-page appreciation of the late food writer Elizabeth David also feels superfluous.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 过多的; 多余的; 不必要的; 奢侈的
分布：多余的(71%)，过剩的(15%)，不必要的(14%)
→super-,超过，额外，-flu,流动，词源同 fluid,fluent.引申词义过多的。
多余的(super+flu流＋ous→流出太多)[super-①表示"超级,超过,过度"②表示"在…上面"]
过剩的,多余的(super超过＋flu+ous→超过了还流→过剩的)[flu=flow,表示"流动"]
a.多余的,过剩的Have you got any superflous food for the poor?你有没有多余的食物分给穷人啊?
【反】integral（adj 完整的；必须的）
US [-'pɝ:-] adjective
■more than is needed or wanted 过多的，多余的，过剩的
• The report was marred by a mass of superfluous detail. 这篇报告坏就坏在里面细枝末节的东西太多。
adj. [数] 多余的；不必要的；奢侈的
 - unnecessary, spare, luxury, waste, redundant

Word: congenial
Front: congenial
[kənˈdʒi:niəl] (托宝 16200/14361 -1)
Vocabulary: congenial
(once / 905 pages)
1adj 2adj
A congenial person is easy to get along with. If you're trying to decide which of your friends to take on a road trip, choose the most congenial one.
Congenial means sharing the same temperament, or agreeing with your temperament. You can talk about a congenial person, place, or environment. Maybe you enjoy the congenial atmosphere of the library. Or perhaps for you the disco is more congenial. As you might expect for such a vaguely approving word, there are many synonyms: agreeable, pleasant, delectable, delightful, enjoyable, and so on.
WORD FAMILY
congenial: congeniality, congenially, congenialness, uncongenial+/ congeniality: congenialities/uncongenial: uncongeniality, uncongenially/uncongeniality: uncongenialities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But since the role she played best was herself, Zsa Zsa found her most congenial stage on variety shows, game shows and talk shows.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
If that happens to be your mood, too, I can’t think of a more congenial place to eat well downtown.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He admits that when he first envisioned a film career, he didn’t see the internet as a congenial home for his work.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: adj. 意气相投的; 性格相似的; 适意的; 投缘
分布：适意的(38%)，友善的(31%)，同性质的(21%)，趣味相同的(10%)
→con-, 强调。-gen, 生育，词源同gene, generate,kind. 本义指相同出身的，相似的。
意气相投的(con共同+gen+ial→产生共同[兴趣]→情投意合的)[gen,gener,genit=birth,produce,表示"出生,产生"]
意气相投的(con共同+gen产生+ial)[-ial表形容词"有…的"]
【记】con共同，geni＝genius（n 才能）－有共同才能－情趣相投的con，gen＝gene（基因）：有共同的基因是一个妈生的，所以意气相投的
【反】dour（adj 不爱讲话的；严厉的）
adjective
■friendly and pleasant 友善的；令人愉快的；怡人的
• congenial company/surroundings 友善的伙伴／令人愉快的环境
adj. 意气相投的；性格相似的；适意的；一致的
 - united, consistent, corresponding, solid, matching

Word: graphically
Front: graphically
[ˈgræfɪkli] (16184/13937)
Back: adv. 通过图表; 生动地，轮廓分明地
分布：生动地(75%)，用图表表示地(25%)
adverb
CLEARLY 清晰地
■in a very clear and powerful way 生动地
• The incident graphically illustrates just how dangerous the situation in the war zone has become. 这事件清楚表明交战地区的局势已经到了很危险的地步。
['græf.ɪ.kli] adverb
IN PICTURES 图画
■in a way that uses, consists of or relates to graphs, or to drawing or printing 以图表、绘画或印刷表现地
• Include a diagram that represents this data graphically. 请加入一个图表来反映这些数据。
adv. 生动地；活灵活现地；用图表表示；轮廓分明地
 - vividly, vivo

Word: itinerant
Front: itinerant
[aɪˈtɪnərənt] (托宝 16178/18707)
Vocabulary: itinerant
(once / 3680 pages)
adjn
An itinerant is a person who moves from place to place, typically for work, like the itinerant preacher who moves to a new community every few years.
Itinerant is pronounced "eye-TIN-er-ant." It might remind you of itinerary, the traveler's schedule that lists flights, hotel check-in times, and other plans. It's no surprise that both words come from the Latin word itinerare, meaning "to travel." Itinerant was first used in the 16th century to describe circuit judges who traveled to faraway courtrooms. Today, almost anyone can be an itinerant.
WORD FAMILY
itinerant: itinerantly, itinerants
USAGE EXAMPLES
This itinerant pop music festival is actually a series of one-off daylong festivals in cities like Singapore and Sydney, Australia.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“He was not some itinerant vagabond,” Davis said.
Washington Post(Dec 03, 2016)
The shearers, itinerant workers who typically live in cities the rest of the year, will visit multiple homesteads throughout the season.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 巡回的，流动的
n. 巡回者（如传教士、行商等）
分布：巡回的(43%)，流动的(36%)，巡回者(21%)
→来自itinerary,旅程，行程表。引申词义巡回的，流动的。
巡回的(itiner是it变体+ant→走的→走来走去的)[it=go,表示"行走"]
US [-ɚ-] adjective [before noun]
■travelling from one place to another, usually to work for a short period （工作）巡回的，流动的
• an itinerant journalist/labourer/preacher 四处奔波的记者／流动劳工／巡回传道者
adj. 巡回的；流动的
 - floating, fluid, flowing, road, running
n. 巡回者；行商
 - circuiter, pedlery

Word: astrophysicist
Front: astrophysicist
[ˌæstrəʊ'fɪzɪsɪst] (16158/40937)
Vocabulary: astrophysicist
(once / 29041 pages)
n
An astrophysicist is a scientist who specializes in studying space, stars, planets, and the universe. If you want to be an astrophysicist one day, you'll have to pay close attention in your physics class.
Today the terms astrophysicist and astronomer tend to be used interchangeably — if you make a career of being an expert on space, you'll need to know a lot about the physics of celestial bodies. The prefix astro- comes from the Greek word astron, "the stars," and physicist is rooted in physics, or "natural science," from ta physika, "the natural things" in Greek.
WORD FAMILY
astrophysicist: astrophysicists+/astrophysical: astrophysically/ astrophysics: astrophysical, astrophysicist
USAGE EXAMPLES
If future measurements confirm this more-even distribution of dark matter, astrophysicists might need to revise their models of how the Universe evolved.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Astrophysicist France Córdova took over in March 2014, and plans to serve out the remainder of her term.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Studying the polarization would then enable astrophysicists to infer properties such a neutron star’s size and the strength of its gravity at its surface.
Science Magazine(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 天体物理学家
分布：天体物理学家(100%)
N-COUNT
天体物理学家
An astrophysicist is someone who studies astrophysics.

Word: eviction
Front: eviction
[ɪ'vɪkʃn] (宝 16190/12619)
Vocabulary: eviction
(once / 6716 pages)
n
An eviction is when a renter or tenant is forced to move out by a property owner. If you don't pay rent for months, you run the risk of eviction.
It's most often a landlord who brings an eviction against someone who's renting an apartment or house. In most states, an eviction follows some kind of legal action — the landlord usually has to prove that the tenant hasn't paid rent or isn't following the terms of the lease. The Late Latin root of the word eviction is evictionem, "recovery of property by judicial decision."
WORD FAMILY
eviction: evictions+/ evict: evicted, evicting, eviction, evicts
USAGE EXAMPLES
The family was facing eviction from their home and couldn’t afford gifts for their children.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But she spent her last years in poverty, desperate to revive her screenwriting career and fending off eviction from her Benedict Canyon home.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
His name was on the lease at the housing complex, and convicted felons were subject to eviction.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 逐出，赶出; （租地，租房等的）收回
分布：逐出(66%)，赶出(34%)
逐出,没收[vict,vinc=conquer,overcome,表示"征服,克服"]
N-VAR
驱逐;驱赶
Eviction is the act or process of officially forcing someone to leave a house or piece of land.
例：He was facing eviction, along with his wife and family...他和妻子、家人正面临着被驱逐。
例：He also criticised the evictions for being violent and ruthless.他也批评这些驱逐暴力无情。
n. 逐出；赶出；收回
 - extrusion, withdrawal

Word: banjo
Front: banjo
[ˈbændʒəʊ] (16146/35176 -1)
Vocabulary: banjo
(once / 3632 pages)
n
A banjo is a musical stringed instrument with a round body and a neck. Bluegrass bands almost always include at least one banjo.
A banjo can be played by strumming it like a guitar, or by plucking or picking the strings. Banjos can have four, five, or six strings, and their origins go back to African instruments, whose designs influenced African slaves in Colonial America to create the first banjos. The word banjo was originally used in 18th century America, from the Bantu mbanza, a banjo-like stringed instrument.
WORD FAMILY
banjo: banjoes, banjos
USAGE EXAMPLES
My husband and my dad are both banjo players, so it connected.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
I learned some sign language to help me communicate, and I walked across the United States, playing my banjo, and became known as Planetwalker.
The Guardian(Nov 25, 2016)
When my wife, Shelly Banjo, and I began dating six years ago, I learned that polycystic kidney disease ran in her family.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 班卓琴
分布：班卓琴(71%)，五弦琴(29%)
→来自非洲班图语。
US [-dʒoʊ] (plural banjos or banjoes)
noun countable
■a stringed musical instrument with a long neck and a hollow circular body 班卓琴
n. 班卓琴；五弦琴
 - pentachord

Word: fanatical
Front: fanatical
[fə'nætɪkl] (托 16201/14088)
Vocabulary: fanatical
(once / 2134 pages)
adj
If you are excessively enthusiastic about something — a sports team, an actor, your religion, saving the whales, a certain brand of chocolate — then you are fanatical about it.
Fanatical comes from the word fanatic, which itself came from the Latin fanaticus, meaning "mad" or "inspired by a deity." The root word is fanum, or "temple." The original English meanings of both fanatic and fanatical implied that the person being described was insane with enthusiasm, like a religious zealot. The word fan is likely shortened from fanatic, and thus shares the same roots, but that word doesn't imply the same obsessiveness that fanatical does.
WORD FAMILY
fanatic: fanatical, fanatically, fanaticism, fanatics, fanatism+/ fanaticism: fanaticisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pisacane is adamant that he was no more talented than his peers but simply more fanatical about football.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Steve Jobs sweated the details like no other executive in history, he demanded excellence, was fanatical about design and function.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
He lived in Paris; he wrote in French; and he was fanatical about the integrity of his art.
The New Yorker(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 狂热的; 入迷的; 狂信的
n. 狂热宗教徒; 狂信者; 入迷的人
分布：狂热的(88%)，入迷的(12%)
US [-'nætˌ-] adjective
■describes someone whose admiration for something is considered to be extreme or unreasonable 狂热的；着迷的
• His enthusiasm for aerobics was almost fanatical. 他对有氧健身的热情几乎到了狂热的程度。
• Gary's fanatical about football. 加里对足球很痴迷。
adj. 狂热的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic

Word: noisily
Front: noisily
['nɔɪzɪlɪ] (高 16141/12642 -K)
Back: adv. 吵闹地; 喧喧嚷嚷
分布：喧闹地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
喧闹的;嗓门大的;聒噪的
A noisy person or thing makes a lot of loud or unpleasant noise.
例：...my noisy old typewriter...我那台噪音极大的旧打字机
例：His daughter was very active and noisy in the mornings.他的女儿一到上午就很好动，吵吵闹闹的。
ADJ-GRADED
充满噪音的;嘈杂的
A noisy place is full of a lot of loud or unpleasant noise.
例：It's a noisy place with film clips showing constantly on one of the cafe's giant screens...这个咖啡馆很嘈杂，室内的一个大屏幕上不停地播放着电影片断。
例：The baggage hall was crowded and noisy...行李大厅拥挤嘈杂。
ADJ-GRADED
(为引起注意)吵吵嚷嚷的;哗众取宠的
If you describe someone as noisy, you are critical of them for trying to attract attention to their views by frequently and forcefully discussing them.
例：It might, at last, silence the small but noisy intellectual clique.它可能最终会使这个聒噪的知识分子小圈子安静下来。
例：...the noisy and unpopular fringe groups that are attempting to change the culture of their society.企图变革社会文化的哗众取宠、不受欢迎的边缘群体
adv. 吵闹地，喧闹地
 - boisterously, uproariously

Word: asymmetrical
Front: asymmetrical
[ˌeɪsɪ'metrɪkl] (托 16182/21530)
Vocabulary: asymmetrical
(once / 31186 pages)
adj
Something asymmetrical has two sides that don't match — it's uneven or out of whack.
If you know that symmetrical means that both sides of something are identical, then it should be easy to learn that asymmetrical means the opposite: the two sides are different in some way. Asymmetrical things are irregular and crooked, and don't match up perfectly when folded in half. Drawing something perfectly symmetrical is pretty hard, so most of your creations are probably asymmetrical.
WORD FAMILY
asymmetrical: asymmetrically+/ asymmetry: asymmetric, asymmetrical, asymmetries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Cyberspace, wrote Gen. Gerasimov, “opens wide asymmetrical possibilities for reducing the fighting potential of the enemy.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
Asymmetrical, often inefficient markets often prevail when price discrimination is effective.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Take an asymmetrical blunt object such as a pipe sawed in half lengthwise and place it rounded side up in flowing air.
Science Magazine(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 不均匀的，不对称的; 非对等
分布：不对称的(87%)，不均匀的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
不对称的
Something that is asymmetrical has two sides or halves that are different in shape, size, or style.
例：...asymmetrical shapes.不对称形状
adj. [数] 非对称的（等于asymmetric）；不均匀的；不匀称的
 - uneven, unsymmetrical

Word: papaya
Front: papaya
[pəˈpaɪə] (16175/38816)
Back: n. 番木瓜树，番木瓜果
分布：木瓜(100%)
→来自西印度群岛某土著语言。
(also pawpaw)
noun countable or uncountable
■a large oval fruit with a yellowish skin and sweet orange flesh, or the tropical tree on which this grows （番）木瓜；（番）木瓜树
n. [园艺] 木瓜； [林] 番木瓜树
 - fructus chaenomelis, Chinese flowering quince

Word: starkly
Front: starkly
['sta:kli] (16203/18410)
Back: adv. 完全，分明地，赤裸裸地
分布：鲜明的(41%)，完全(21%)，荒凉的(12%)，光秃秃的(12%)，简直(5%)，严酷的(5%)，实在(4%)
US ['stɑ:r-] adverb
■very obviously and clearly 显而易见地，十分明显地
• Her later sensual works contrast starkly with the harsh earlier paintings. 她后期表现情色的作品和她早期那些风格冷峻的绘画作品形成了鲜明的对比。
adv. 严酷地；明显地；毫无掩饰地
 - obviously, clearly, broadly

Word: motherfucker
Front: motherfucker
[ˈmʌðəfʌkə(r)] (16221/49798)
Back: n. （通常指男性）不要脸的家伙，混账东西
分布：不要脸的家伙(75%)，混账东西(25%)
US [-ɚˌfʌk.ɚ] noun countable (also mother) mainly US offensive
■an extremely insulting name for someone you hate or for someone who has made you angry 不要脸的家伙，混帐东西，混蛋
• If that motherfucker touches my car again, I'll break his fingers! 如果那个混蛋再碰我的车，我就打断他的手指！
■US offensive
■an extremely unpleasant thing 极令人讨厌的事物
• That was a motherfucker of an exam. 那真是要命的考试。

Word: nutshell
Front: nutshell
[ˈnʌtʃel] (16204/19450)
Vocabulary: nutshell
(once / 6678 pages)
n
The hard, protective covering of a nut is called a nutshell. If you hear someone say "in a nutshell," they are most likely summing something up in a few words.
It's more common to refer to a nutshell as simply a shell. Most people use the word nutshell figuratively. When you say, "in a nutshell," you mean "to sum it up," or "to condense a large amount of information into one short sentence." For example you might say, "In a nutshell, The Odyssey is the story of a guy who went on a long boat trip."
WORD FAMILY
nutshell: nutshells
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a nutshell, it involves using diversification, and sometimes borrowed money, to find an optimal balance between risk and return.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 30, 2016)
The clash between a secularized, doubt-ridden West and a missionary Islam is Europe’s cultural crisis in a nutshell.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
He’s the all-American hero, in a nutshell, the character Hulk Hogan.”
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 坚果的外壳; 简言之，一言以蔽之
分布：简明扼要(34%)，坚果壳(33%)，小容器(33%)
→比喻用法。
noun
in a nutshell
■using as few words as possible 简要地说，概括地说
• Well, to put it in a nutshell, we're lost. 嗯，一句话，我们迷路了。
n. 坚果的外壳；小的东西，小容器
 - capsule
vt. 概括
 - summarise, generalize

Word: slaughterhouse
Front: slaughterhouse
[ˈslɔ:təhaʊs] (16139/21769)
Vocabulary: slaughterhouse
(once / 18018 pages)
n
A slaughterhouse is where animals are killed so they can be used for meat. Upton Sinclair’s novel “The Jungle” (1906) exposes the unsafe working conditions of a slaughterhouse in Chicago. Good times. Not.
In order for people to eat meat, animals have to be slaughtered, or killed, and the place where this happens on a large scale is a slaughterhouse. Sometimes it's also called an abattoir. The word stems from a Scandinavian root and is related to the Old Norseslatr, "a butchering." The word slaughterhouse can also refer to a violent situation. In Kurt Vonnegut's novel "Slaughterhouse Five," war prisoners are housed in an abandoned slaughterhouse, which is also a metaphor for war itself.
WORD FAMILY
slaughterhouse: slaughterhouses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“A Husband for Christmas” and “Sorority Slaughterhouse” both star Eric Roberts as a design-firm executive and the homicidal college administrator, respectively.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
“It would be miserable. I’d be being prepared for the slaughterhouse. Just waiting for the tap on the shoulder.”
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
As insurance for rough times, many crop farmers also manage herds of cattle, raising calves that are then sold to slaughterhouses up north.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 屠宰场
分布：屠宰场(100%)
→slaughter,屠宰，house,屋子。
US ['slɑ:.tˌɚ-] noun countable mainly US for abattoir 动物在屠宰场被宰杀。
n. 屠宰场（等于abattoir）；屠杀场
 - abattoir

Word: enterprising
Front: enterprising
[ˈentəpraɪzɪŋ] (托 16208/11246)
Vocabulary: enterprising
(once / 1347 pages)
adj
If you are enterprising, you are creative and show initiative. Were you the kid who bought candy before school and sold it during school at a profit? If so, you were an enterprising little one.
Though it has the word, enterprise, in it and is often used to describe people who set up businesses to fill a need, enterprising can be used for any kind of display of creative initiative. Kids who decide on their own to build a skate park are enterprising, as is a dance company that is able to perform a piece on a shoestring budget.
WORD FAMILY
enterprising: enterprisingly, enterprisingness, nonenterprising, unenterprising+/ enterprise: enterpriser, enterprises, enterprising /enterpriser: enterprisers
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were disciplined and obdurate in defence, confident in midfield and, when possible, enterprising in attack.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Police in Orange County are looking for an enterprising arsonist who is stealing firefighters’ food money, authorities said Friday.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
But since the match is at The Hawthorns Pulis is likely to be more enterprising than that.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 有事业心的; 有进取心的; 有魄力的; 大胆的
分布：有进取心的(42%)，有事业心的(38%)，有魄力的(20%)
→来自enterprise, 冒险，进取。
有事业心的(enterprise+ing)[pris=take表示"拿住,抓住"]
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■good at thinking of and doing new and difficult things, especially things that will make money 有开创能力的，富于创业精神的，有进取心的，有魄力的
• The business was started by a couple of enterprising young women. 这间公司是由几位富有创业精神的年轻女性创办的。
• That was very enterprising of you, Vijay! 你太有魄力了，维贾伊！
adj. 有事业心的；有进取心的；有魄力的；有胆量的
 - aggressive, courageous

Word: starlight
Front: starlight
[ˈstɑ:laɪt] (16180/23953)
Back: n. 星光
分布：星光(100%)
US ['stɑ:r-] noun uncountable
■the light produced by stars 星光

Word: banal
Front: banal
[bəˈnɑ:l] (宝 16209/15021 -1)
Vocabulary: banal
(once / 4510 pages)
adj
If something is boring and unoriginal, it's banal. Banal things are dull as dishwater.
Ever notice how some TV shows, songs, and even phrases are boring and unoriginal? It's like you've seen or heard the same thing a million times. Anything that's unoriginal and dull is banal — a fancy word for things that bore you to tears. When you're writing, try not to be banal. Clichés and dull topics are banal. New ideas, fresh language, and unusual subject matter can keep your writing from being dreary and banal.
WORD FAMILY
banal: banality, banally+/ banality: banalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Great recipes are kind of like instruction manuals for alchemy, showing us how to transform ordinary, often banal, taken-for-granted ingredients into extraordinary dishes.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Our critic Stephen Holden writes that in the end, it “becomes a banal, formulaic pastiche of dozens of other like-minded space operas.”
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
They meant that leaders were cooperating and that transparency prevailed, no matter how banal the particular tidings.
Slate(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 陈腐的; 平庸的
分布：陈腐的(52%)，平庸的(48%)
→来自词根ban, 说话，命令，词源同phone. 陈腐意来自旧时庄园或村舍常常通知一些家长里短的小事。
平庸的;陈腐的(ban+al→被禁止的→陈腐的)[ban=prohibit,表示"禁止"]
【记】ban禁止，all所有－所有陈腐的都应该禁止banana容易banal
【反】arresting（adj 引人注意的）；novel（adj 新奇的）
adjective
■boring, ordinary and not original 平庸的，陈腐的
• He just sat there making banal remarks all evening. 他整晚只是坐在那里，说些老套的话。
• banal pop songs 平淡无奇的流行歌曲
adj. 陈腐的；平庸的；老一套的
 - trite, bromidic

Word: affable
Front: affable
[ˈæfəbl] (托宝 16207/19502 -1)
Vocabulary: affable
(once / 1259 pages)
adj
Affable means friendly, pleasant, and easy to talk to. An affable host offers you something to drink and makes you feel at home.
The adjective affable entered English by way of the Latin word affābilis, which means "kind, friendly." If you’re stuck on an airplane next to someone affable, the trip won’t be so bad because that person will be easy to chat with but won’t talk your ear off. Synonyms of affable also refer to a pleasant and mild friendliness, such as genial, hospitable, and gracious. Affable people generally seem like they’re in a good mood and are happy to see you.
WORD FAMILY
affable: affability, affableness, affablest, affably+/ affability: affabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Adaptable, consensual, affable, intellectual, Guterres is perhaps better qualified than any of his nine predecessors for the world’s most demanding job.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
To this day, the affable Byelorussian leader is clearly proud of the way he handled that crucial conversation with Moscow.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
It allowed the show to portray him as affable and harmless, someone who would insert the word “yuge” into the Constitution if elected.
Salon(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 友善的; 和蔼的; 平易近人的; （天气）宜人
分布：和蔼可亲的(56%)，慈祥的(23%)，易于交谈的(11%)，殷勤的(5%)，谦恭有礼的(5%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往，在f 开头辅音词根前同化为af. -fable来自词根bha, 说话，同phone, fame 等。
亲切的(af+fable说话→不断可以说话→亲切)[ab-,ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap-,ar-,as-,at-等加在同辅音字母的词根前,表示"一再"等加强意]
温和的;和蔼的(af接近+fable→接近说话→和蔼的)[fabl,fabul=speak,表示"讲,说"]
【记】1）af朝向，fable（n 寓言）当词根：说，与…交谈－易于交谈的；2）aff读：爱抚，able能－能爱抚别人的－易于接近的，和蔼的
【参】ineffable（adj 无法表达的）；fabulous（adj 像传说一样的）
【反】irascible（adj 暴躁的）；testy（adj 易怒的；暴躁的）
adjective
■friendly and easy to talk to 和蔼可亲的；友善的；容易交谈的
• He struck me as an affable sort of a man. 在我印象中他属于那种友善的人。
• She was quite affable at the meeting. 会议上，她非常和蔼可亲。
adj. 和蔼可亲的；友善的
 - pleasant, amiable

Word: derby
Vocabulary: derby
(once / 706 pages)
n
A derby is a type of hat that's round, felt, stiff, and has a narrow brim. Wear one with a little mustache and a cane, and you’ll look just like Charlie Chaplin.
A derby, as the distinctive round hat with a little brim, was made in the US in the 1850's, but it’s probably named after the Derby horse race in England, where men wore this kind of hat. The race was named after the 12th Earl of Derby. A derby can also be called a bowler, bowler hat, derby hat, and plug hat. Derbies are kind of old-fashioned, so you probably won't see anyone wearing one these days.
WORD FAMILY
derby: derbies, derbys
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was sacked by Derby in February after eight months in charge and was interviewed by Swansea before Bob Bradley's appointment.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
Did you win an Olympic gold medal, the Masters or the Kentucky Derby?
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are two themes under one roof at the Red Derby's Decades of Decadence party.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)

Word: plenty
Front: plenty
[ˈplenti] (中高研四六 2044/1977 -K3)
Vocabulary: plenty
(once / 92 pages)
nadv
If you've eaten your fill at a big meal, you know by your full stomach that you have had plenty. In fact, if you had more than plenty, you might even get the feeling you've had too much!
The word plenty usually refers to more than just enough, and this comes, via Middle French plenté, from the Latin word plēnitās, "fullness," from plenus, "full, complete." The meaning is apparent in the following quote by English novelist George Eliot: "I think I should have no other mortal wants, if I could always have plenty of music." May you have plenty of what you need, and some of what you want as well.
WORD FAMILY
plenty: plenteous, plenties, plentiful +/ plenteous: plenteously, plenteousness/ plentiful: plentifuler, plentifully, plentifulness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Now I am sure that plenty of you right now are thinking: What an idiotic column.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Blatant body checking is banned, but there is plenty of contact.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Now that Trump is the President-elect, plenty of prominent conservatives are hoping that he will govern as a reliably conservative Republican.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 富裕; 充裕
adv. 大量; 十分; 很多; 足够有余
det. 很多; 大量
pron. 大量; 众多; 充足
分布：大量(29%)，充足(22%)，丰富(22%)，充分(12%)，非常(5%)，充足的(5%)，相当多的(5%)
→plen-,全体的，全部的，-ty,名词后缀。引申词义大量，众多。
大量,丰富(plen+ty)[ple,plen,plet,pli=full,fill,表示"满,填满"]
n.丰富,大量Please release that pleasant peasant teaser who brings us plenty of pleasure.请释放那个带给我们巨大快乐的友好的农民逗趣者.
US [-tˌi] pronoun noun adverb
 ESSENTIAL
■(the state of having) enough or more than enough, or a large amount 丰富，充足，大量
• "Would you like some more wine?" "No thanks, I've had plenty." “还想要点酒吗？”“不，谢谢，已经足够了。”
• Don't grab at the balloons, children - there are plenty for everyone. 孩子们，别抢气球——气球还很多，每人都有。
• We've got plenty of time before we need to leave for the airport. 去机场前我们有的是时间。
• They've always had plenty of money. 他们总是有很多钱。
• There's plenty to do here. 这里有很多事要做。
• US informal This car cost me plenty (= a lot of money). 这辆车花了我很多钱。
• There's plenty more beer in the fridge. 冰箱里还有很多啤酒。
UK ['plen.ti] US [-tˌi] pronoun noun adverb
be plenty more where sb/sth came from informal
■to be a lot more things or people of the same type available …多的是
• Have another sandwich - there's plenty more where that came from. 再吃一块三明治——还有很多呢。
n. 丰富，大量；充足
 - abundance, lots of, wealth, ocean, sea
adj. 足够的，很多的
 - sufficient, numerous, competent

Word: undercurrent
Front: undercurrent
[ˈʌndəkʌrənt] (16210/18624 -1)
Back: n. 潜流，暗流; 潜在的感情、影响或倾向（尤指与表面相反的）; [电]电流不足; [矿]分支洗金槽
分布：暗流(62%)，潜流(38%)
→under-, 在下面，current, 水流。
US [-dɚˌkɝ:-] noun countable
■an emotion, belief, or characteristic of a situation that is hidden and usually negative or dangerous but that has some effect （通常指负面的或危险的）潜在的情绪（或思想等）
• undercurrents of racism/anxiety/violence 潜在的种族主义／焦虑／暴力
• Beneath the smooth surface of day-to-day political life, one senses powerful and dangerous undercurrents. 在日常政治生活平静的表面下，人们感觉到了强大而危险的潜流。
n. 暗流； [海洋] 潜流
 - potential flow

Word: catwalk
Front: catwalk
[ˈkætwɔ:k] (16154/16567 -1)
Vocabulary: catwalk
(once / 18018 pages)
n
A catwalk is a very narrow, high bridge. You might see workers on a catwalk during the construction of a skyscraper, or you might see a model strutting her stuff on a different type of catwalk.
Any high, skinny bridge can be described as a catwalk, but it's more likely to refer to an industrial walkway, like one in a factory or other workplace. The kind of catwalk on which a model struts is different — it's lower, not so precarious, and often extends into the audience. The original catwalks, in the 1880s, were on ships and backstage in theaters, and they were named for the careful, delicate way a cat walks.
WORD FAMILY
catwalk: catwalks
USAGE EXAMPLES
A quick glance at catwalk signs for 2017 shows that the hems of women's skirts will be falling - to just below the knee.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Some catwalk collections, such as Burberry’s, are available in stores hours after the show; others get looped back to a season later.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Tookes is the third black Angel chosen to wear the Victoria’s Secret Fantasy bra, considered the piece de resistance of the brand’s catwalk display.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. （桥侧的）步行小道，（机器房中的）狭窄过道，（时装表演时模特儿走的）伸展台; 猫步
分布：狭窄过道(50%)，T 形台(50%)
US [-wɑ:k] noun countable
■the long, narrow stage that models walk along in a fashion show （时装表演时模特儿走的）T形台，展示台
■a narrow path, raised above the ground, often built for workers to walk on outside a building that is being built or repaired 临时脚手架

Word: largemouth
Front: largemouth
['lɑ:dʒmaʊθ] (16296/-)
Back: n. 大口黑鲈
n. 黑鲈
 - sea bass

Word: doomed
Front: doomed
[dʊmd] (16211/19176)
Vocabulary: doomed
(once / 532 pages)
nadj
The doomed are people marked by very bad luck, particularly death. When you learn about a tragedy, like a tsunami that kills many people, it makes you feel terrible for the doomed.
Doomed is a plural noun for referring to a group of unfortunate people, and it's also an adjective describing someone who's destined to die. A runaway dog that kills the animal control officer's pet chickens is doomed, and many characters in Shakespeare's tragic plays are doomed. You can also follow doomed with "to" to mean "destined" or "fated." Your uncle might be doomed to continue working as a school bus driver for the rest of his career.
WORD FAMILY
doom: doomed, dooming, dooms, foredoom+/foredoom: foredoomed, foredooming, foredooms
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her glamorous mother starred in Orson Welles’s Touch of Evil, but is forever the doomed woman in the shower in Psycho.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
It would be hard to argue with Clement if he decided that was the case, because Swansea appear doomed.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
At Esquire, Charlie Pierce asked rhetorically, “Are You Ready for the End of the Republican Party?” Salon was even more direct, declaring, “Republicans are doomed.”
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 命中注定的; 难逃一死的
v. 注定（doom的过去式和过去分词）; 判定; 使…的失败（或灭亡、毁灭、坏结局）成为必然; 宣判
分布：命中注定的(75%)，动词doom的过去式和过去分词.(25%)
adjective
■certain to fail, die or be destroyed 注定失败（或灭亡、毁灭）的
• This is a doomed city. 这是一座注定要毁灭的城市。
adj. 注定的；命定的
 - destined, predestined

Word: agreed
Front: agreed
[ə'gri:d] (16194/5638 -1)
Back: adj. 同意的; 接受的; 经过协议的; 双方共同议定的
v. 同意，赞同( agree的过去式和过去分词); [语法学]（在性、数、人称或格方面）一致; 相同; 和睦相处
分布：同意的(53%)，商定的(40%)，动词agree的过去式和过去分词.(7%)
adjective
■accepted 通过的；商定的；一致同意的
• We have to stick to the agreed price. 对于已经商议好的价格，我们不能变卦。
• "So we'll meet at 5.30, shall we?" "Agreed (= yes)." “那我们就五点半见面，好吗？”“好的。”
be agreed
■If two or more people are agreed, they have the same opinion 意见一致　
• Are we all agreed (on that)? （在那一点上）我们意见一致吗？
• [+ that] The members are agreed that the proposal should be rejected. 各成员一致认为应该否决该提议。
adj. 同意的；通过协议的
 - consentaneous, assentient

Word: shuttle
Front: shuttle
[ˈʃʌtl] (高研四六托雅宝 3810/8928 -2)
Vocabulary: shuttle
(once / 1341 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
A shuttle runs between two or more places regularly. The benefit to staying at a hotel close to the airport is that you can take a shuttle, or a regular bus that travels back and forth, to catch your plane in the morning.
Airport shuttles are often buses, although they can also be trains, vans, or any other form of transportation. Some airplanes are shuttles, flying passengers on quick trips. You can also use the word shuttle as a verb, to describe what the bus itself does as it moves back and forth. The original meaning of shuttle is the part of a hand loom that moves to and fro in weaving.
WORD FAMILY
shuttle: shuttled, shuttles, shuttling
USAGE EXAMPLES
The government plans to provide security for buses that will be used to shuttle passengers from Kaduna’s small airport to Abuja.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For launches from Florida, SpaceX hopes to complete renovations at Launchpad 39A at the Kennedy Space Center, once used for space shuttle launches.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
SpaceX is slated to shuttle astronauts to the International Space Station — the first crewed space station launch from U.S. soil in years.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. （织机的）梭子; 航天飞机; （缝纫机的）滑梭; 短程穿梭运行的飞机（或火车，汽车）
vt. & vi. 穿梭般来回移动
vt. 以短程往复方式运送（货物等）
vi. 以短程往复式运行
时态：shuttled, shuttling, shuttles
分布：航天飞机(70%)，穿梭(18%)，梭子(9%)，穿梭移动(1%)，往返运送(1%)，往返移动之物(1%)
→来自古英语 scytel,飞镖，箭，来自 Proto-Germanic*skut,投射，掷，来自 skeud,投，扔， 射，推，词源同 shoot,shot,shut.引申词义梭子，穿梭，往返等。
n.往返汽车/列车/飞机;穿梭v.往返穿梭This plane shuttles between Washington and New York.这架飞机在华盛顿与纽约间定期往返.
US ['ʃʌtˌ-] noun countable
VEHICLE 交通工具
■a vehicle or aircraft that travels regularly between two places 穿梭运行的车辆；接驳车
• To get across town, you can take the shuttle from Times Square to Grand Central. 要穿越市区，你可以乘坐从时代广场穿梭到中央车站的公车。
• The American (space) shuttle can be used many times to put payloads in space. 美国的太空梭可以多次使用，向太空运送物品。
UK ['ʃʌt.l] US ['ʃʌtˌ-] noun countable
THREAD 线 specialized
■in weaving , a device which is used to carry the thread that goes across the cloth between the threads that go down the cloth 梭子
UK ['ʃʌt.l] US ['ʃʌtˌ-] verb intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to travel or take people regularly between the same two places 往返穿梭；往返运送（人）
• A small train shuttles constantly between the concourse and the runways. 一列小型火车往返于机场大厅和跑道之间。
n. [航] 航天飞机；穿梭； [纺] 梭子；穿梭班机、公共汽车等
 - spaceplane

Word: arbitrator
Front: arbitrator
[ˈɑ:bɪtreɪtə(r)] (托 16096/10868)
Back: n. 仲裁人，公断人; 仲裁员
分布：仲裁人(86%)，公断者(14%)
仲裁人(arbitr仲裁＋ator)[-or表名词"人或物器",在一些词根前写成"-ator"]
US ['ɑ:r.bɪ.treɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person who has been officially chosen to make a decision between two people or groups who do not agree 仲裁人；裁决人；公断人
n. 公断人， [法] 仲裁人
 - moderator, daysman

Word: monastic
Front: monastic
[məˈnæstɪk] (16068/10525)
Vocabulary: monastic
(once / 1469 pages)
adjn
Monastic means like in a monastery. So what is it like in a monastery? Well, it's solitary, somewhat isolated, plain, and disciplined. If you take monastic vows, you promise to live this way.
Being monastic might sound like a strange or a hard thing to be, but you can compare it to student life very well. Both monks and students spend a lot of time studying books. Monks like quiet, and students need quiet to get work done. Monks live in a community devoted to religion, and students study in a community devoted to learning. The stereotypical party lifestyle of a student isn't very monastic though.
WORD FAMILY
monastic: monastical, monastically, monasticism, monastics
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is one of three monasteries of the original branch of the scholarly, monastic order operating today.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In words borrowed from the monastic rite of Compline, Hunthausen with Ryan’s help chose to “resist, steadfast in the faith.”
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Other monastic brewing operations, he explained, have grown into million-dollar enterprises with many workers.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 僧侣，修道士
adj. 庙宇的
分布：僧侣(50%)，修道院的(29%)，修道士(13%)，修士的(8%)
→来自monos,单个的，独自的，词源同monk.引申词义伴侣的，清修的。
adjective
■connected with monks or monasteries 修士的；僧侣的；修道院的；寺院的
■describes a simple way of living with few possessions and no people near you 隐修生活般的；简朴的；遁世的
• a monastic life 简朴克己的生活
adj. 修道院的；僧尼的；庙宇的
 - claustral, cloistral
n. 僧侣；修道士
 - religious, monk

Word: normalization
Front: normalization
[ˌnɔ:məlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (研六 16091/28490)
Back: n. 正常化; 标准化; 正态化
分布：正常化(81%)，正规化(12%)，常态化(7%)
正常化(mormal正常的)[-ization表名词,来自-ize+ation,"…化"或"发展过程"]
n.(normalisation)正常化,标准化
V-ERG
(使)正常化;(使)变得正常
When you normalize a situation or when it normalizes, it becomes normal.
例：Meditation tends to lower or normalize blood pressure...冥想有助于降低血压或使血压恢复正常。
例：There may be some deep-seated emotional reason which has to be dealt with before your eating habits normalize.要使饮食习惯正常，你也许要先处理好一些根深蒂固的情感问题。
V-RECIP-ERG
(使)(关系)正常化
If people, groups, or governments normalize relations, or when relations normalize, they become normal or return to normal.
例：The two governments were close to normalizing relations...两国政府即将恢复正常邦交。
例：The United States says they are not prepared to join in normalizing ties with their former enemy...美国表示他们不准备加入到和宿敌恢复正常关系的行动中。
n. [分化] 正常化； [标准] 标准化； [数] 正规化；常态化
 - standardization, formalisation

Word: purportedly
Front: purportedly
[pə'pɔ:tɪdlɪ] (16216/24292)
Back: adv. 据称
分布：据称(100%)
ADV
据称；据传
If you say that something has purportedly been done, you mean that you think that it has been done but you cannot be sure.
例：He was given a letter purportedly signed by the Prime Minister.他得到了一封据称有首相签名的信。

Word: hitting
Front: hitting
[hɪtɪŋ] (16189/37385)
Back: v. 打，打击( hit的现在分词 ); 碰撞; 击（球）; （在精神上）打击（某人）
分布：命中(89%)，动词hit的现在分词形式.(11%)
VERB
打;击
If you hit someone or something, you deliberately touch them with a lot of force, with your hand or an object held in your hand.
例：Find the exact grip that allows you to hit the ball hard...找到能让你大力击球的准确握拍方法。
例：She hit him hard across his left arm...她狠狠地打在他的左臂上。
VERB
撞击;碰撞
When one thing hits another, it touches it with a lot of force.
例：The car had apparently hit a traffic sign before skidding out of control...汽车显然是撞上了一个交通标志牌后打滑失控的。
例：She hit the last barrier and sprawled across the track.她撞上了最后一个跨栏，整个人趴在了跑道上。
VERB
（炸弹、导弹）击中，命中
If a bomb or missile hits its target, it reaches it.
例：...multiple-warhead missiles that could hit many targets at a time...可一次击中多个目标的多弹头导弹
例：The hospital had been hit with heavy artillery fire.医院被重炮击中。
VERB
打击;使受严重影响
If something hits a person, place, or thing, it affects them very badly.
例：The plan to charge motorists £75 a year to use the motorway is going to hit me hard...向汽车驾驶员每年收取75英镑高速公路使用费的计划将对我大为不利。
例：About two-hundred people died in the earthquake which hit northern Peru...约200人在秘鲁北部发生的地震中丧生。
VERB
使突然想起
When a feeling or an idea hits you, it suddenly affects you or comes into your mind.
例：It hit me that I had a choice...我突然意识到我有选择的余地。
例：Then the answer hit me. It had been staring me in the face.然后我突然想到了答案，原来它一直就明摆在我的面前。
VERB
达到（某一高点或低点）
If you hit a particular high or low point on a scale of something such as success or health, you reach it.
例：He admits to having hit the lowest point in his life ...他承认自己跌到了一生中的最低谷。
例：Oil prices hit record levels yesterday.油价昨天达到了创纪录的水平。
N-COUNT
成功而轰动（或风行）一时的事物（如唱片、电影或戏剧）
If a CD, film, or play is a hit, it is very popular and successful.
例：The song became a massive hit in 1945.这首歌在1945年风靡大江南北。
例：...the surprise hit video of the year.本年度出乎意料的热门视频
N-COUNT
（网站的）点击，浏览，访问
A hit is a single visit to a website.
例：Our small company has had 78,000 hits on its Internet pages.我们这个小公司的因特网网页已经有了78,000次的点击量。
N-COUNT
（在因特网上的）查询结果，检索结果
If someone who is searching for information on the Internet gets a hit, they find a website where there is that information.
PHR-RECIP
一见如故;合得来；投缘
If two people hit it off, they like each other and become friendly as soon as they meet.
例：They hit it off straight away, Daddy and Walter...爸爸和沃尔特很快就一见如故。
例：How well did you hit it off with one another?你们俩人合得来吗？
PHRASE
大受欢迎;深受…的喜爱;令…印象深刻
If you make a hit with someone, they like you or are impressed by you when they meet you.
例：He made a hit with Lady Sopwith...他深受索普威思太太的喜爱。
例：She sends her best wishes — you've obviously made a hit there.她向你问好——看得出来你在那里大受欢迎。
n. 击中；压缩；拉伸
 - compression, condensation

Word: unwieldy
Front: unwieldy
[ʌnˈwi:ldi] (托宝 16217/18621 -1)
Vocabulary: unwieldy
(once / 3143 pages)
adj
If you see an unwieldy person coming down the aisle of the bus with an unwieldy box, you may want to step aside because that's a double dose of clumsy. It's an awkward person carrying a box that is difficult to manage.
Something that is wieldy is easy to control or handle, so something unwieldy is not. However, the un- form of the word is much more common. The base word wieldy has its roots in Old English, meaning "to handle or control" — used usually in reference to a weapon. You would not want an unwieldy person attempting to wield an unwieldy sword!
WORD FAMILY
unwieldy: unwieldily, unwieldiness+/wieldy: unwieldy
USAGE EXAMPLES
His group is suing the state over the unwieldy shape of six state Senate and five state House of Delegates districts.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Or Congress should undertake the reforms: After all, Congress created this unwieldy and unaccountable system.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Lasky changes her unwieldy Teutonic birth name, and suddenly she is transmogrified by this Hollywood god into Mary Astor.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 笨拙的; 笨重的; 不便利的
分布：笨拙的(48%)，笨重的(42%)，庞大的(10%)
【记】un不，wieldy（adj 易于使用的）－笨重的
adjective
DIFFICULT TO MOVE 难以移动的
■An unwieldy object is difficult to move or handle because it is heavy, large or a strange shape （物体因沉重、庞大或形状奇特而）不灵便的，笨重的；难移动的
• A piano is a very unwieldy item to get down a flight of stairs. 钢琴是个很难搬下楼梯的物件。
[ʌn'wi:l.di] adjective
NOT EFFECTIVE 无效率的
■An unwieldy system is slow and not effective, usually because it is too big, badly organized or involves too many different organizations or people （因机构庞大或组织不善而）效率低下的，无效率的
• One disadvantage for the bank is that its huge size - over 15 000 staff - makes it unwieldy and slow-moving. 该银行的一大弊端是机构庞大——有15 000多名员工——造成效率低下及营运缓慢。
adj. 笨拙的；笨重的；不灵便的；难处理的
 - problem, awkward, clumsy

Word: brine
Front: brine
[braɪn] (16183/16902)
Vocabulary: brine
(once / 2305 pages)
nv
Water that contains salt is called brine. You can always tell when you are close to the ocean, because you can smell the brine and hear the sea gulls.
Brine is also a salty solution used to pickle or preserve foods. If you want to make pickles, you have to soak cucumbers in brine for several days or even weeks before canning them. As a verb, brine means to soak in a salty solution. If you live in the southern United States, you might brine watermelon rind and okra, which may sound strange to someone from Michigan's Upper Peninsula who's more familiar with brining eggs.
WORD FAMILY
brine: brined, brines, brining, briny+/briny: brinier, briniest, brininess
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Deli is about brining … patience … preservation, not just of meat but of tradition,” Dell wrote.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
Brine the roast first if possible; it really helps with the lean pork, adding a subtle sweetness with the sugar and spice-flavored brine.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The skin is textbook crisp — chicken brittle, if you will — and the meat benefits from a buttermilk brine that includes more Ethiopian spices.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 卤水; 浓盐水; 海; 海水
vt. 用浓盐水处理（或浸泡）
时态：brined, brining, brines
分布：盐水(75%)，海水(25%)
→词源不详。可能同bur, 毛刺。形容盐水的粗糙。
noun uncountable
■water with salt in it, especially when used to preserve food （尤指用于腌制食物的）盐水
• tuna/olives in brine 盐水吞拿鱼／盐津橄榄
n. 卤水； [化学] 盐水；海水
 - salty water, saline water

Word: uneasiness
Front: uneasiness
[ʌn'i:zɪnəs] (16215/21173)
Back: n. 担心; 不安; 局促; 拘束
分布：担忧(58%)，不自在(42%)
【记】un不，easy（adj 容易的；安逸的），ness：不安
[ʌn'i:.zɪ.nəs] (also unease)
noun uncountable
■worry or anxiety 焦虑，不安
• Growing unease at the prospect of an election is causing fierce arguments within the party. 对选举前景日益增长的担忧情绪引起了党内激烈的争论。
n. 不安；担忧；局促
 - tension, unrest, constraint

Word: meringue
Front: meringue
[məˈræŋ] (16164/24037 -1)
Vocabulary: meringue
(once / 12073 pages)
n
Meringue is a very sweet dessert or dessert topping that's made out of egg whites and sugar. Meringue is so light and airy that it melts on your tongue.
To make a meringue, you need to beat egg whites with sugar until they're thick and hold stiff peaks. After baking, a good meringue will be delicately crisp on the outside, and soft on the inside. You might like lemon meringue pie, or chocolate meringue cookies. The origin of the word meringue, aside from its birth as the French méringue, is unclear. Meringue was reportedly invented in eighteenth century Switzerland and perfected in Italy.
WORD FAMILY
meringue: meringues
USAGE EXAMPLES
This French snowball of a confection is an enticing combination of whipped cream, ganache, meringue and various toppings.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
In the second, the contestants tackle custards and meringues.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
When the patients later ate a meringue cake packed with ovalbumin, their Treg cells were activated, which the researchers hoped would dampen the Crohn's inflammation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （糖和蛋白混合制成的）糕饼; （盛冰淇淋，水果的）蛋白酥皮筒[卷]
分布：蛋白与糖制成的糕饼(100%)
→来自法语meringue,蛋白酥。词源不详，可能来自瑞士村庄Meiringen而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
■a very light sweet cake made by mixing sugar with the colourless part of an egg and baking it 蛋白酥（糕点）
• lemon meringue pie 柠檬蛋白酥皮派

Word: barbershop
Front: barbershop
[ˈbɑ:bəʃɒp] (高 16205/-)
Vocabulary: barbershop
(once / 17936 pages)
n
A barbershop is one of the places where people go to get their hair cut. You might visit a barbershop at the beginning of every summer to get a short crew cut.
While some hair cutters call themselves stylists and the places where they work salons, others are barbers who trim hair and shave necks in barbershops. The most common customer at a barbershop is a man who wants a quick haircut and possibly a beard trim or shave as well. In the 1500's, a barbershop was called a "barbery," from the Latin barba, or "beard." A "barbershop quartet" is a four-person, harmonizing singing group.
WORD FAMILY
barbershop: barbershops
USAGE EXAMPLES
Charles Stephenson, who cuts hair at the barbershop and beauty salon across the railroad tracks from the college, worries about his town.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At the local barbershop, a line of long-haired customers waited on wobbly plastic chairs for haircuts that were forbidden under Islamic State rule.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
The barbershop is by Persons of Interest, a growing minibrand.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. <尤美>理发店; 理发店四重唱
分布：理发店(94%)，无伴奏重唱的(3%)，四重唱的(3%)
US ['bɑ:r.bɚ.ʃɑ:p] noun uncountable
SINGING 歌唱
■a type of singing in which four, usually male, voices in close combination perform popular romantic songs, especially from the 1920s and 1930s （尤指20世纪20至30年代的）理发店（男声）四重唱
• a barbershop quartet 理发店四重唱
UK ['bɑ:.bə.ʃɒp] US ['bɑ:r.bɚ.ʃɑ:p] noun uncountable
HAIR 头发 US for barber's

Word: jaded
Front: jaded
[ˈdʒeɪdɪd] (宝 16224/19230 -1)
Vocabulary: jaded
(once / 2917 pages)
adj
If you've done something so much that it doesn't excite you anymore but just leaves you tired, consider yourself jaded. If someone says you look a little jaded, it just means that you look tired.
The history of jaded is not clear, but perhaps it is related to the noun jade, an old term for a worn-out horse. Even if not, picturing a tired old horse may be a nice way to remember that jaded means dulled or tired from too much of something. The word can also mean cynical because of bad experiences with something, like a jaded journalist who doesn't see the person behind the politician.
WORD FAMILY
jaded: jadedly+/ jade: jaded, jades, jading
USAGE EXAMPLES
But here’s the key question: for jaded Israelis almost defiantly committed to political stagnation, will it matter?
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
People are very numb and jaded and turned off.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Dear Amy: “Jaded” wondered why his executive recruiter was so offended when he tried to negotiate his salary for a new position.
Washington Post(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 精疲力竭的; 厌倦的; （因过饱或过多而）腻烦的; 迟钝的
分布：疲倦不堪的(84%)，厌倦或缺乏热情的(16%)
→来自jade,老马。比喻用法。比较hackneyed.
【记】源于：jade（n 疲惫的老母马；v 使疲倦）ja假，de的：作假的东西销路好所以过度劳累的。
【反】keen（adj 锋利的；敏捷的）
adjective
■not having interest or losing interest because something has been experienced too many times 厌倦的；腻烦的
• Flying is exciting the first time you do it, but you soon become jaded. 第一次坐飞机你会很兴奋，但很快你就会厌倦了。
• Perhaps some caviar can tempt your jaded palate. 也许来些鱼子酱能让没有食欲的你胃口大开。
adj. 厌倦的；疲倦不堪的
 - tired, beat-out

Word: vindication
Front: vindication
[ˌvɪndɪ'keɪʃn] (宝 16226/19642)
Vocabulary: vindication
(once / 2181 pages)
n
Vindication is a sweet thing — when you get vindication, you've been proven right or justified in doing something. Everyone accused of a crime craves vindication.
Vindication is good, but it can only come after something bad, like being accused of something you didn't do. If a teacher thought you cheated, but then announced to the whole class that you didn't, you're getting vindication. An accused criminal who is exonerated — cleared of the crime — gets vindication. If you believe something crazy — like that your underdog sports team could win a championship — and it comes true, that's a vindication of your beliefs.
WORD FAMILY
vindication: vindications+/ vindicate: vindicated, vindicates, vindicating, vindication, vindicator, vindicatory/vindicator: vindicators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those who opposed Mr. Trump should continue to call attention to these things — not to claim vindication, but to press for a different approach.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
For California Bay Area energy entrepreneur Michael Petras, Monday's arrests brought some sense of vindication.
Reuters(Dec 24, 2016)
What kind of contemptible individual mixes horror with vindication?
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对所受到的责难或嫌疑的）澄清，证实，辩护
分布：辩护(64%)，证实(17%)，洗冤(14%)，证明无罪或正确(5%)
VERB
证实;证明…正确;证明…无辜
If a person or their decisions, actions, or ideas are vindicated, they are proved to be correct, after people have said that they were wrong.
例：The director said he had been vindicated by the experts' report...主任说专家们的报告证明了他是正确的。
例：Ministers and officials are confident their decision will be vindicated.部长们和官员们相信他们的决定会被证明是正确的。
n. 辩护；证明无罪
 - apology, justification

Word: self-consciously
Front: self-consciously
[ˌselfˈkɔnʃəslɪ] None
Back: adv. 不自然地; 怕难为情地; 有自我意识地; 自觉地
分布：自觉的(64%)，不自然的(27%)，难为情的(9%)
ADJ-GRADED
忸怩的;害羞的;难为情的;不自然的
Someone who is self-conscious is easily embarrassed and nervous because they feel that everyone is looking at them and judging them.
例：I felt a bit self-conscious in my swimming costume...我穿着游泳衣觉得有点害羞。
例：Bess was self-conscious about being shorter than her two friends.贝丝因比她的两个朋友个子都矮而感到很不自在。
ADJ-GRADED
有强烈自我意识的;高度自觉的
If you describe someone or something as self-conscious, you mean that they are strongly aware of who or what they are.
例：They were forged by them, moreover, into a self-conscious nation as early as the 10th century...另外，早在10世纪，他们就被其锻造成了一个具有自我意识的民族。
例：Putting the work together is a very self-conscious process.把作品整个呈现出来是一个显示出强烈自我意识的过程。
adv. 自觉地；不自然地
 - artificially, consciously

Word: lazily
Front: lazily
['leɪzɪlɪ] (16150/17243)
Back: adv. 怠惰地，懒散地; 慢吞吞地
分布：懒惰地(50%)，慢吞吞地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
懒惰的；懒散的
If someone is lazy, they do not want to work or make any effort to do anything.
例：Lazy and incompetent police officers are letting the public down...懒惰兼无能的警官令公众失望。
例：I was too lazy to learn how to read music.我太懒，没有学识谱。
ADJ-GRADED
令人精神松弛的；令人懒洋洋的
You can use lazy to describe an activity or event in which you are very relaxed and which you do or take part in without making much effort.
例：Her latest novel is perfect for a lazy summer's afternoon reading...在慵懒的夏日午后阅读她的最新小说最合适不过了。
例：We would have a lazy lunch and then lie on the beach in the sun.我们会慵懒地吃顿午饭，然后躺在沙滩上晒太阳。
ADJ
徐徐的；缓缓的
If you describe something as lazy, you mean that it moves or flows slowly and gently.
例：...a valley of rolling farms spread out along a lazy river.山谷里的农田起伏绵延，旁边一条溪水缓缓而过
例：...the lazy, loose grace of the born athlete.这位天生的运动员悠然放松的优雅姿态
adv. 懒洋洋地；怠惰地，懒散地
 - drowsily, indolently

Word: Salvadoran
Front: Salvadoran
[,sælvə'dɔ:rən] (16133/-)
Back: n. 萨尔瓦多人
adj. 萨尔瓦多的；萨尔瓦多人的
分布：名词(100%)
noun countable adjective
■Salvadoran 萨尔瓦多人／萨尔瓦多的

Word: lull
Front: lull
[lʌl] (托雅宝 13314/14132 -1)
Vocabulary: lull
(once / 806 pages)
vn
See lull, think "calm." It could be the noun form (like "the lull before the storm") or the verb: one can lull someone by calming them (as in lulling a baby to sleep with a lullaby).
The noun lull is often used in relation to a storm, but the term has a broader meaning as well. Lull can be used to describe any temporary period of calm or diminished activity, like the quiet time before the lunch rush in a restaurant or the brief period of tranquility before the doors open for a pre-Christmas sale. The word's verb form means "to soothe or to make someone feel relaxed." When used as a verb lull can turn deceptive, and it is often used to convey a false sense of security.
WORD FAMILY
lull: lulled, lulling, lulls
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sanchez said risks increase when drivers are lulled in stop-and-go traffic.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
The result is that Attenborough and others “are lulling the huge worldwide audience into a false sense of security,” he said.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
A booming economy in the nineteen-fifties intersected with a demographic lull, resulting in “more job vacancies than there are graduates.”
The New Yorker(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使镇静，使安静; 哄，哄骗; 使入睡
vi. 平静，安静; 平息; 减弱; 停止
n. 暂停; 间歇; 暂时平静; 催眠的东西
时态：lulled, lulling, lulls
分布：间歇(31%)，暂停(19%)，平息(16%)，使安静(16%)，使入睡(10%)，哄骗(8%)
→来自中古英语lullen,哄小孩睡觉，来自lu-lu,la-la的催眠声。
【区】loll（v 懒洋洋地倚靠）
【反】increased activity（增加的活动）；goad（n 刺激物；v 激励）；startle（v 震惊）；galvanize（v 电镀；刺激）；revive（v 苏醒）；hectic period（狂热的时期）
verb transitive
■to cause someone to feel calm or to feel as if they want to sleep 使安静，使平和；使发困
• The motion of the car almost lulled her to sleep. 汽车的颠簸让她昏昏欲睡。
[lʌl] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  lull sb into sth
■to make someone feel safe in order to trick them 哄骗，麻痹（某人）
• Most exercise classes start gently, lulling you into thinking that you're fit. 健身课程一开始大多都很容易，让人误以为自己很健康。
• Their promises lulled us into a false sense of security (= made us feel safe, when in fact we were not). 他们的承诺让我们以为很安全。
[lʌl] noun countable
■a short period of calm in which little happens 平静时期；间歇
• There has been a lull in the fighting. 战斗中出现了一段间歇。
• a lull in the conversation/traffic 谈话的间歇／交通低谷
[lʌl] noun countable
the lull before the storm
■a time which seems quiet but which will very soon be followed by something unpleasant happening 暴风雨前的宁静
• Things seem quiet in the office right now, but this is just the lull before the storm. 现在办公室里一切似乎都很平静，但这只是暴风雨前夕的宁静。
vt. 使平静；使安静；哄骗
 - calm, silence, compose
vi. 平息；减弱；停止
 - fall, lower, cool, subside
n. 间歇；暂停；暂时平静
 - hang, pause

Word: even
Front: even
[ˈi:vn] (中高托雅宝 107/113 -K1)
Vocabulary: even
(once / 7 pages)
1adjv 2adj 3adv 4adv 5n
Even means level and flat. When you're planning to build one of your famously elaborate sandcastles on the beach, you probably make sure the sand is even before you start.
Something smooth and regular, like a wall that's prepped for painting, is even. Even also describes a balance like when you give all the kids an even amount of candy, or something that is calm, like a person who has an even temper. In math, an even number is one that can be divided by two without a remainder. The adverb even is used to emphasize something, like when your friend doesn't even see you waving frantically at her.
WORD FAMILY
even: evened, evener, evenest, eveningly, evenly, evenness, evens, uneven +/ uneven: unevenly, unevenness/unevenness: unevennesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
“China became quite aware that even in their ‘legal market’ there was tremendous laundering through an illegal system,” Ms. Lieberman said.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Sadly they are even more popular with Asian mainlanders shopping in the major cities, and the ballot/queue system was in full effect there too.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
And some were hoping to see Mars and even Neptune if the skies remained clear.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 甚至; 更加; 即使; 恰巧在…时候
adj. 公平的; 平坦的; 偶数的; 平均的
vt. 使平坦; 使相等
vi. 变平; 成为相等
时态：evened, evening, evens
分布：甚至(74%)，更(21%)，平坦的(1%)，相等的(1%)，使平坦(1%)，偶数的(1%)，相等(1%)
→1.平的，甚至，来自aim, 相似，持平，词源同emulate, imitate. 形容词用修饰副词，参照very, 真实的。
ad.甚至(更)a.均匀的;平的;相等的;偶数的A day goes through daybreak, morning, noon, afternoon, evening and midnight.一天经过拂晓,上午,正午,下午,傍晚和午夜.
adverb
SURPRISE 惊奇
 ESSENTIAL
■used to show that something is surprising, unusual, unexpected, or extreme （用来表示令人惊讶、不同寻常、出乎意料或极端的事物）甚至，连，即使
• I don't even know where it is. 我甚至连它在哪里都不知道。
• Everyone I know likes the smell of bacon - even Mike does and he's a vegetarian. 我认识的所有人都喜欢培根的味道——即使麦克也不例外，他可是个素食主义者呀。
• We were all on time - even Chris and he's usually late for everything. 我们都准时到达——就连平时做事一向拖拖拉拉的克利斯都没迟到。
• It's a very difficult job - it might even take a year to finish it. 这是项非常艰巨的工作——甚至可能要花一年时间才能完成。
• "I never cry." "Not even when you hurt yourself really badly?" “我从来不哭。”“就连把自己伤得很严重的时候也不哭吗？”
• Even with a load of electronic gadgetry, you still need some musical ability to write a successful song. 即使你有一大堆精巧的电子装置，要写出一首能走红的歌还是需要一些音乐才能。
even as
■at the same time as 正当，恰好在…的时候
• I tried to reason with him, but even as I started to explain what had happened he stood up to leave. 我试图和他理论，可是我刚一开口解释所发生的事情，他就起身要走。
even if
 ESSENTIAL
■whether or not 即使，纵使
• Even if you take a taxi, you'll still miss your train. 即使乘计程车去，你还是赶不上火车。
even now/then
 IMPROVER
■despite something 尽管这样／那样；虽然情况如此／是那样
• I've thought about it so much, but even now I can't believe how lucky I was to survive the accident. 我一直在不停地想，但尽管如此，我还是无法相信自己怎会如此幸运，竟能在事故中死里逃生。
• I gave Jim very clear instructions, but even then he managed to make a mess of it. 我非常清楚地告诉了吉姆怎么做，但尽管如此，他还是把事情弄得一团糟。
even so
 IMPROVER
■despite what has just been said 即使如此；即使这样
• I had a terrible headache, but even so I went to the concert. 我头痛得要命，但尽管如此我还是去了音乐会。
• An immediate interest cut might give a small boost to the economy. Even so, any recovery is likely to be very slow. 立即降低利率或许会对经济小有促进，但即使如此，经济复苏无论如何都将是非常缓慢的。
even though
 ESSENTIAL
■although 即使；虽然
• Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister. 尽管他年仅16岁就辍学了，但最终还是当上了首相。
  Common Learner Errors  even thoughRemember: even though is never written as one word. Don't write 'eventhough', write even though :
✗ Eventhough I had a very nice time, I was glad to come home. Even though I had a very nice time, I was glad to come home.
['i:.vən] adverb
EMPHASIS 强调
 ESSENTIAL
■used to emphasize a comparison （用于强调比较）甚至更，愈加，还
• The next 36 hours will be even colder with snow showers becoming more widespread. 未来36小时，天气将更加寒冷，更大范围地区将出现阵雪。
• Any devaluation of sterling would make it even more difficult to keep inflation low. 英镑任何幅度的贬值都将增加，保持低通膨水准的难度。
['i:.vən] adverb
MORE EXACTLY 更确切地
 IMPROVER
■used when you want to be more exact or detailed about something you have just said （用于引出更准确或更详细的说法）甚至可以说，更确切地说，其实：
• I find some of his habits rather unpleasant, disgusting even. 我觉得他的一些习惯很是令人讨厌，甚至可以说是令人作呕。
• She has always been very kind to me, even generous on occasion. 她对我一直都很好，有时甚至还很慷慨。
['i:.vən] adverb
  Common Learner Errors  evenWarning: check your word order! Even usually goes directly before the main verb in a sentence.
✗ I said 'Hello', but he even didn't look at me. I said 'Hello', but he didn't even look at me. But if the main verb is am/is/are/was or were , even usually goes directly after it:
✗ He even is rude to his parents. He is even rude to his parents.
['i:.vən] adjective
FLAT 平的
 IMPROVER
■flat and smooth, or on the same level 平坦的，平滑的；处于同一平面的
• We resurfaced the floor because it wasn't even. 因为地板不平，我们重新铺了一次。
['i:.vən] adjective
CONTINUOUS 持续的
 ADVANCED
■continuous or regular 平稳的；均匀的；变化不大的
• You should try to work at an even rate instead of taking it easy one day and working flat out the next. 你应该尽量保持平稳的工作速度，而不是一天优哉游哉，第二天就忙得不可开交。
['i:.vən] adjective
EQUAL 相等的
 ADVANCED
■equal or equally balanced 相等的，均等的；均衡的
• Both sides played well - it was a very even contest. 双方打得都很精彩——这是场势均力敌的比赛。
• The weather forecast said that there's an even chance of thunderstorms tonight (= that it is equally likely that there will or will not be storms). 天气预报说今晚发生大雷暴的机率是50%。
■US (UK evens)
■equally likely to happen as to not happen （发生与不发生的）机会相等的；（正反的）可能性参半的
• The chances of her getting the job are about evens. 她获得这份工作的机会约为50%。
■describes a situation where you risk money on something where the risk is equally balanced and which will pay back twice the amount of money that is paid, if it is successful （赌博）输赢机会相等的
• an even bet 同额赌注
• If I were having a bet I'd take even money on United. 要是我下注的话，我就以同额赌注押联队。
['i:.vən] adjective
NUMBER 数位
 ADVANCED
■forming a whole number which can be divided exactly by two 偶数的，双数的
• 6 is an even number and 7 is an odd number. 六是偶数，七是奇数。
['i:.vən] adjective
get even with sb informal
■to do something equally bad to someone who has done something bad to you 跟（某人）算帐；与（某人）扯平
['i:.vən] adjective
on an even keel
■regular and well-balanced and not likely to change suddenly 平稳下来；顺顺当当
• The new manager succeeded in putting the business back on an even keel. 新任经理成功地使公司业务恢复正常。
['i:.vən] verb transitive
■to make two things equal 使相等；使平均；使平衡
• Sheila was awarded a scholarship in Chemistry, and now her brother has evened the score with a scholarship in Economics. 席拉得过化学奖学金，现在她弟弟获得了经济学奖学金，和她旗鼓相当了。
• The whisky industry is campaigning for the taxes on different alcoholic drinks to be evened up. 威士忌酒业界现正在积极争取实施不同酒类按相同标准收税。
['i:.vən] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] even (sth) out ADVANCED
■to become equal, or to make something equal （使）相等；（使）平均
• The university has a system designed to even out the differences between rich and poor colleges. 这所大学设有一项消除贫富学院之间差异的制度。
smooth, level, flat, even
这组词都有“平的，平坦的”的意思，其区别是：
smooth: 侧重指表面十分平滑，无任何粗糙的感觉。引申作圆滑解。
level: 强调没有高低之处，且在同一水平面，可引申指才能相等或与相邻某物平行。
flat: 指光滑平整的表面，但不一定是水平的。
even: 通常指平面上的各点或一条直线的各点处在同一平面或直线上。
adj. [数] 偶数的；平坦的；相等的
 - flat, equivalent, equal, level
adv. 甚至；即使；还；实际上
 - actually, really, too, effectively, yet
vt. 使平坦；使相等
 - equate with
vi. 变平；变得可比较；成为相等
 - flatten out

Word: tryout
Front: tryout
[ˈtraɪaʊt] (16185/-)
Back: n. 试验; 试用; 选拔赛; 试演
分布：试用(44%)，试验(28%)，预赛(19%)，测验(9%)
N-COUNT
试用;试验
If you give something a tryout, you try it or test it to see how useful it is.
例：The recycling scheme gets its first try-out in rural Dorset.这些再循环方案在多塞特郡的农村地区首先试用。
N-COUNT
(争取入队资格的)角逐赛，选拔赛;(争取角色的)试演
If you are given a tryout for a sports team or an acting role, you compete or you perform a test in an attempt to be chosen.
例：…tryouts for the U.S. junior national athletics team.入选美国国家少年体育队的选拔赛
n. 试验；选拔赛；预赛
 - experiment, proof, try

Word: at-large
Front: at-large
None None
Back: 详尽的；未被捕的，整个的
分布：代表全州的(100%)

Word: outstrip
Front: outstrip
[ˌaʊtˈstrɪp] (雅宝 16231/13694 -1)
Vocabulary: outstrip
(once / 2815 pages)
v
While outstrip might make you think about undressing, it really means outdoing. If the productivity of your garden outstrips your neighbor's, expect the neighborhood to come calling for fresh vegetables.
If one thing outstrips another, it exceeds it or goes beyond it. When you outstrip someone during a race, you pass them. When one company’s profits outstrip another’s, they make more money. When the productivity of one nation outstrips the neighboring nation, they will have a bigger Gross National Product.
WORD FAMILY
outstrip: outstriped, outstripped, outstripping, outstrips
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second, far more aggressive goal would seek to outstrip Russia’s relative parity with the United States.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
With vehicle supplies outstripping demand, prices are being slashed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
With thousands listed as architecturally significant structures, sellers say that demand still outstrips supply.
BBC(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: vt. 超过，越过; 优于，胜于; 做得比…更好; 跑过，逃脱
时态：outstripped, outstripping, outstrips
分布：超过(94%)，跑过(6%)
→out-,超过，strip,条，道，跑道，词源同airstrip.引申词义超过，胜过。
[ˌaʊt'strɪp] (-pp-)
verb transitive
■to be or become greater in amount, degree or success than something or someone （在数量、程度或成就上）超过，胜过
• The demand for firewood now far outstrips supply. 现在对木柴的需求远大于供应。
vt. 超过；胜过；比…跑得快
 - better than, overcome, top, cap, outdo

Word: reposition
Front: reposition
[ˌri:pə'zɪʃən] (16232/20297)
Back: n. 重新配置，复位; 贮藏，放回
vt. 使复位; 改变…的位置; 使变换阵地
时态：repositioned, repositioning, repositions
分布：新位置(34%)，调换位置(22%)，保存(22%)，储藏(22%)
VERB
重新放置;调换位置;重置
To reposition an object means to move it to another place or to change its position.
例：It is not possible to reposition the carpet without damaging it.想要挪动地毯又不让它损坏是不可能的。
VERB
重新定位(产品或服务)
To reposition something such as a product or service means to try to interest more or different people in it, for example by changing certain things about it or the way it is marketed.
例：The sell-off is aimed at repositioning the company as a publisher principally of business information...出售公司部分业务的目的是将公司重新定位为以商业信息类出版物为主的出版商。
例：Mazda needs to reposition itself if it is to boost its sales and reputation.要想提升销量和声誉，马自达公司需要对自己重新定位。
vt. 使复位；改变…的位置；使变换阵地
 - reseat
n. 复位；贮藏；放回
 - replacement, store, restoration

Word: indignity
Front: indignity
[ɪnˈdɪgnəti] (托宝 16237/14276 -1)
Vocabulary: indignity
(once / 1682 pages)
n
An indignity is something embarrassing. An indignity is usually something that happens to us rather than something we do ourselves.
As you might guess from that negative prefix in-, an indignity is a word that takes dignity (or self-esteem) away. If you find a fly in your soup, that's an indignity — not to mention protein. If you're making a speech and you realize your fly is open, that's a major indignity. Many people find waiting in line a long time to be an indignity. When you say "This is an indignity!" you're really saying, "I'm better than this, and I shouldn't have to deal with it." Needless to say, life is full of indignities.
WORD FAMILY
indignity: indignities+/ dignity: dignities, indignity
USAGE EXAMPLES
The responses, though, raised questions for some on social media about Mexico's priorities and Mexicans' supposed obsession with pocketbook issues rather than other social indignities.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
The indignities he endured were not confined to the studios.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
The insults and indignities that black residents of Virginia, and black employees of NASA, unremittingly endured are integral to the drama.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 侮辱; 轻蔑; 侮辱的言行; 无礼举动
分布：侮辱(65%)，轻蔑(20%)，有伤尊严(15%)
→in-,不，非，dignity,尊贵，尊严。即使之没有尊严，引申词义耻辱，侮辱。
轻视;侮辱(in不+dign+ity→不高贵)[dign=worthy,noble,表示"值得,高贵"]
US [-nə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■a loss of respect or self-respect, or something which causes this 无礼，侮辱；轻蔑；侮辱性言行
• They were subjected to various indignities and discomforts, including having to get dressed and undressed in public. 他们经历了各种有损尊严和令人尴尬的事，包括不得不当众穿衣和脱衣。
• Clint suffered the indignity of being called 'Puppy' in front of his girlfriend. 克林特当着女友的面被称为“狗仔”，受到了侮辱。
n. 侮辱；轻蔑；有伤尊严；无礼举动
 - despite, contumely

Word: trapped
Front: trapped
[træpt] (16236/14178 -2)
Back: adj. 捕集的; 捕获的; 陷入困境的; 受到限制的
v. 诱骗(trap的过去式和过去分词); 使受限制; 困住; 使陷入困境
分布：陷入困境的(51%)，受到限制的(37%)，动词trap的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
ADJ-GRADED
受困的;受限制的
If you feel trapped, you are in an unpleasant situation in which you lack freedom, and you feel you cannot escape from it.
例：He follows me everywhere and it makes me feel so trapped.他走到哪里都跟着我，我觉得被困住了。
例：...people who think of themselves as trapped in mundane jobs.认为自己受缚于平凡工作的人们
adj. 捕获的；陷入困境的；收集的；受到限制的
 - captured

Word: eminently
Front: eminently
[ˈemɪnəntli] (16238/13943 -1)
Back: adv. 突出地; 显著地; 不寻常地
分布：突出地(50%)，显著地(30%)，非常(20%)
['em.ɪ.nənt.li] formal
adverb
■very and obviously 非常，特别；突出地，明显地
• He is eminently qualified for the job. 他完全有资格从事这项工作。
• an eminently readable book 一本可读性很高的书
adv. 突出地；显著地
 - remarkably, notably

Word: sweetener
Front: sweetener
[ˈswi:tnə(r)] (16172/21119 -1)
Back: n. 甜味剂
分布：甜味剂(89%)，好处(11%)
→sweeten,增甜，-er,表物。
US [-nɚ] noun
TASTE 味道
countable or uncountable
■an artificial substance that has a similar taste to sugar, or a small pill made of this 糖精，增甜剂
UK ['swi:t.nər] US [-nɚ] noun
MONEY 钱
countable mainly UK
■a present or money given to persuade someone to do something, especially in a way that is secret and often dishonest 贿赂物，笼络物
• a financial sweetener 经济贿赂
n. 甜料；好处；脱硫设备
 - benefit, plus, good

Word: contending
Front: contending
[kənˈtendɪŋ] (16234/22791)
Back: v. 争夺( contend的现在分词 ); 竞争; 搏斗; 争斗
分布：竞争(48%)，争辩(30%)，争斗(18%)，坚决主张(4%)
VERB
处理;对付;解决
If you have to contend with a problem or difficulty, you have to deal with it or overcome it.
例：It is time, once again, to contend with racism...又一次到了与种族主义战斗的时刻了。
例：American businesses could soon have a new kind of lawsuit to contend with.美国公司可能很快就要有一种新型的官司去应付了。
VERB
声称;争辩;主张
If you contend that something is true, you state or argue that it is true.
例：The government contends that he is fundamentalist...政府认定他是原教旨主义者。
例：'You were just looking,' contends Samantha. 'I was the one doing all the work.'“你不过是看看而已。”萨曼莎争辩道，“什么活儿都是我来干。”
V-RECIP
竞争;争夺
If you contend with someone for something such as power, you compete with them to try to get it.
例：...the two main groups contending for power.两大集团争权夺利
例：...with 10 UK construction yards contending with rivals from Norway, Holland, Italy and Spain.10家英国建造厂与来自挪威、荷兰、意大利和西班牙的对手展开竞争
v. 奋斗（contend的ing形式）
 - fighting, striving

Word: gymnast
Front: gymnast
[ˈdʒɪmnæst] (16144/34701)
Vocabulary: gymnast
(once / 10000 pages)
n
A gymnast is a person who trains in and practices the sport of gymnastics. If you become a gymnast, you'll learn to walk and jump and even do cartwheels on a balance beam.
Athletes who participate in gymnastics are gymnasts. During competitions, gymnasts perform routines on uneven and parallel bars; vault over a special "horse" or table; and demonstrate a series of floor moves including back flips, handstands, and leaps. Gymnast comes from gymnastics, which is based on the Greek gynmastikos, "skilled in bodily exercise," from the root gymnazein, "to exercise."
WORD FAMILY
gymnast: gymnasts
USAGE EXAMPLES
Simone Biles, the explosive American gymnast, was spectacular in winning four gold medals.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Besides working for Indianapolis-based USA Gymnastics, Nassar was a doctor at Michigan State University and treated gymnasts from all over Michigan.
Seattle Times(Dec 16, 2016)
A nine-month investigation by the Indianapolis Star finds 368 gymnasts allege abuse over 20 years, by at least 100 coaches, gym owners and others.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 体操家，体操运动员
分布：体操运动员(100%)
noun countable
■a person who is skilled in gymnastics, often someone who competes in gymnastic competitions 擅长体操的人；体操运动员
• a great Russian gymnast 卓越的俄罗斯体操运动员

Word: adoration
Front: adoration
[ˌædəˈreɪʃn] (16233/19074)
Vocabulary: adoration
(once / 1154 pages)
n
Adoration is a feeling of deep love. Some people may say animals don't have emotions, but you know from the adoration in your dog's eyes that it's just not true.
The noun adoration comes from the Latin word adorationem, which means "worship," particularly in a religious way. Adoration is still used today in a religious context, in phrases like "the adoration of God." If you adore or deeply love someone, you can describe that feeling as adoration. It's the kind of feeling Romeo had for Juliet, devoted fans have for a pop star, and you have for your beloved cat.
WORD FAMILY
adoration: adorations+/ adorable: adorability, adorableness, adorabler, adorably/ adore: adorable, adoration, adored, adorer, adores, adoring/adorer: adorers/adoring: adoringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The role won her the adoration of legions of fans, both male and female, who admired the beautiful and independent rebellion fighter she played.
Time(Dec 27, 2016)
That is the setting of Leonardo da Vinci’s Adoration of the Magi and many more depictions of the infancy of Christ.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Even in the face of national adoration, true heroes never think of themselves as such.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 崇拜，爱慕，受崇拜（或爱慕）的对象
分布：崇拜(79%)，爱慕(21%)
noun uncountable
■very strong love or worship for someone 爱慕；热爱；倾慕
• her complete adoration of her brother 她对弟弟完全的宠爱
• The painting depicts the three wise men kneeling in adoration of the baby Jesus. 这幅画描绘了三智者跪拜圣婴耶稣的场景。
n. 崇拜；爱慕
 - worship, praise

Word: uncharted
Front: uncharted
[ˌʌnˈtʃɑ:tɪd] (托 16240/20265)
Vocabulary: uncharted
(once / 9673 pages)
adj
If a place is uncharted, it means it isn't found on any map, like the uncharted wilderness settlers found when heading west, or, more figuratively — the uncharted territory of a new strategy.
The word charted originated in the 1570s, when chart was the name navigators used for maps. So when navigators reached a place not found on their charts, they called the place uncharted. Uncharted also can be used in a figurative sense to describe the start of a new experience, such as the uncharted territory of talking about a difficult subject for the first time.
WORD FAMILY
charted: uncharted +/ chart: charted, charter, charting, chartist, chartless, charts/ charter: chartered, chartering, charters/ chartered: unchartered/chartist: chartists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wherever there are people leaving their homes for uncharted shores, you are likely to find WhatsApp.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
“After Jan. 20,” the official said, referring to Inauguration Day, “we’re in uncharted territory.”
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
“This is uncharted territory, but if I were a competitor, I would bring that suit,” she said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 未知的，图上未标明的
分布：未知的(92%)，地图上没标明的(4%)，未经勘测的(4%)
图上没标明的(un+chared图上标明的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
【记】un不，chart（n 海图），ed：海图上没标明的
US [-'tʃɑ:r.tˌɪd] literary
adjective
■An uncharted place or situation is completely new and therefore has never been described before （地方或处境）全新的，未知的，无人涉足的
• Nuclear fusion has taken physicists into uncharted seas/territory/waters (= a new and unknown area). 核聚变将物理学家们带入了全新的未知领域。
adj. 未知的；图上未标明的
 - unknown, sealed

Word: falsify
Front: falsify
[ˈfɔ:lsɪfaɪ] (宝 16242/15622 -1)
Vocabulary: falsify
(once / 2834 pages)
v
To falsify is to alter or mangle something, like a message or document, in a way that distorts the meaning.
Since false things aren't true, to falsify something is to dishonestly change its meaning. If a friend tells you a story, and then you retell the story but change important facts, you falsified the story. If you lie in court — commit perjury — you're falsifying the facts. Faking someone else's signature is another type of falsifying, as is lying on your resume. Anytime you misrepresent the truth, you're falsifying.
WORD FAMILY
falsify: falsifiable, falsification, falsified, falsifier, falsifies, falsifying+/falsification: falsifications/falsifier: falsifiers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Fudge says tickets are most often falsified with high-profile shows.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Retired Officer Niall Silva pleaded guilty Friday to falsifying documents and altering evidence.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The fired employees falsified track-inspection records for as long as three years, officials said.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 篡改，伪造
n. 弄虚作假; 歪曲; 弄虚作假者; 伪造者
时态：falsified, falsifying, falsifies
分布：歪曲(50%)，证明…是假的(25%)，改变公认的规则(25%)
→false, 虚假的。-fy, 使。原指证明有假，后词义也用于造假，篡改。
篡改;欺骗(fals+ify表动词→弄错→篡改)[fall,fail,fault=err,deceive,表示"犯错误,欺骗"]
【记】false（adj 错误的；假的；伪造的；人工的）
【参】falsification（n 弄虚作假；伪造；歪曲）
US ['fɑ:l-] verb transitive disapproving
■to change something, such as a document, in order to deceive people 篡改，伪造（文件）
• The certificate had clearly been falsified. 这张证书很明显是伪造的。
vt. 伪造；篡改；歪曲；证明...虚假
 - colour, doctor
vi. 撒谎
 - tell a lie

Word: ministerial
Front: ministerial
[ˌmɪnɪˈstɪəriəl] (16223/5814)
Vocabulary: ministerial
(once / 2021 pages)
adj
Ministerial means having to do with a minister of a religion, or a government. If your dad is a pastor, he may have to make it clear if he is telling you not to lie as a father, or in his ministerial capacity.
Ministerial derives from the Latin minister meaning "servant." A religious minister is a servant of God. A government minister is the head of a department, but also a servant of the government. Their work is their ministry, thus ministerial means pertaining to that work. If, as England's minister of defense, you streamlined the military, that streamlining would be your ministerial legacy.
WORD FAMILY
ministerial: ministerially+/ minister: ministered, ministerial, ministering, ministers, ministrant, ministration/ministrant: ministrants/ministration: ministrations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The nominations—which added 18 new ministerial posts all occupied by opposition lawmakers—was a clear attempt to curb opposition grievances.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The transport secretary knocked cyclist Jaiqi Liu off his bike as he opened the door of his ministerial car in October.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Some regional leaders of the AIADMK, who were sidelined by Jayalalitha, may use the opportunity to stage a comeback and demand ministerial berths.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 牧师的; 内阁的; 部长的; 行政（上）的
分布：部长的(37%)，内阁的(28%)，牧师的(22%)，执政的(13%)
→来自minister,部长，大臣。ministerial 部长的，大臣的
US [-'stɪr.i-] adjective
POLITICIAN 政治家
■relating to or involving a minister (= senior member of parliament) 部长（或大臣）的；和部长（或大臣）有关的
• ministerial responsibilities 部长的职责
• a high-level ministerial meeting 高级部长会议
UK [ˌmɪn.ɪ'stɪə.ri.əl] US [-'stɪr.i-] adjective
COUNTRY'S REPRESENTATIVE 国家代表
■relating to or involving a minister (= country's representative abroad) 公使（或外交使节）的；和公使（或外交使节）有关的
• He reached ministerial level in the Diplomatic Service. 他在外交部门的职衔达到了公使级别。
adj. 部长的；内阁的；公使的；牧师的
 - cabinet, secretarial

Word: combative
Front: combative
[ˈkɒmbətɪv] (16246/19691 -1)
Vocabulary: combative
(once / 4447 pages)
adj
Someone combative likes to fight, whether with fists or words.
See the word combat in combative? That's a clue to this word's meaning. Since combat is a type of fighting — usually in war — anyone described as combative likes to fight or just can't help getting in fights. A frequent barroom brawler is combative, but so is someone who is always starting arguments. Using swear words and constantly contradicting people could be considered combative behavior. People who are combative are also often described as hostile, angry, or pugnacious.
WORD FAMILY
combative: combatively, combativeness+/ combat: combatant, combated, combating, combative, combats, combatted, combatting/combatant: combatants, noncombatant/noncombatant: noncombatants
USAGE EXAMPLES
A growing backlash against globalization puts Apple and other big multinationals directly in the sightlines of two increasingly combative giants: the United States and China.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Pietists urged a renewal of personal devotion and a less combative attitude toward rival religious systems, including Judaism.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Shanghai’s internet regulator, meanwhile, remained in combative mode.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 好斗的; 斗志旺盛的
分布：好斗的(100%)
US ['kɑ:m.bə.tˌɪv] formal
adjective
■eager to fight or argue 好战的；好斗的；好争论的
• The prime minister was in a combative mood, twice accusing the opposition of gross incompetence. 首相斗志旺盛，两次指责反对党极端无能。
adj. 好战的；好事的
 - fighting, bellicose

Word: worshiper
Front: worshiper
['wɜ:ʃɪpə] (16239/-)
Back: n. 礼拜者，参拜者，崇拜者
分布：崇拜者(69%)，礼拜者(31%)
n. 崇拜者；礼拜者（等于worshipper）
 - adorer, venerator

Word: affront
Front: affront
[əˈfrʌnt] (宝 16245/13922 -1)
Vocabulary: affront
(once / 1182 pages)
nv
An affront is an action that causes offense. If someone blows smoke in your face after you've asked him to put out his cigarette, you would consider it an affront.
Affronter was an old French word meaning "to confront" or "slap in the face." It's from the Latin, ad frontem, meaning "to the face." Sure, a slap in the face would still be considered an affront, but other non-physical actions would also count. Some would even call a misplaced apostrophe an affront to the English language. Don't confuse affront with effrontery, which means "presumptuousness."
WORD FAMILY
affront: affronted, affronting, affronts
USAGE EXAMPLES
This cousin-centrism is like pink hair or a nose ring, not harmful so much as an affront to the way you think things should be.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They seem to think it’s obvious why something in the current year should be an affront to our sensibilities.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
To them, Trump’s win was the ultimate affront.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （当众）侮辱，（故意）冒犯
vt. 公开侮辱; 冒犯; 面对; <古>相遇
时态：affronted, affronting, affronts
分布：侮辱(59%)，冒犯(41%)
→前缀af-同ad-, 去，往。front, 向前，面对，质疑。
冒犯,侮辱(ar一再+front→一再到[别人]面前去→冒犯[别人][front=forehead表示"前额"]
【记】af朝向，front前面，脸－朝向别人的脸－当众冒犯
【参】effrontery（n 厚颜无耻）；confront（vt 使面临；对抗）
noun countable
■a remark or action intended to insult or offend someone 侮辱；冒犯
• He regarded the comments as an affront to his dignity. 他认为这些话伤害了他的尊严。
[ə'frʌnt] verb transitive usually passive formal
■to insult or offend someone 侮辱；冒犯
• I was most affronted by his comments. 他的话是对我的极大侮辱。
• an affronted look/glance 受到冒犯的神情／透出受了侮辱之意的一瞥
vt. 冒犯，有意冒犯；面对；公开侮辱
 - give offense, offend
n. 轻蔑；公开侮辱
 - floccinaucinihilipilification, scornfulness

Word: encroachment
Front: encroachment
[ɪn'krəʊtʃmənt] (16225/14876)
Vocabulary: encroachment
(once / 2149 pages)
1n 2n
An encroachment is something that intrudes and has the power to influence whatever it encounters. Some might consider text messaging to be an encroachment of impersonal technology on true, heartfelt interactions.
Encroachment carries the sense of something slowly creeping into something else's space, either literally or figuratively. An encroachment can be of the physical variety, such as the encroachment of new development into a beautiful coastal area. Encroachment typically has a slightly a negative meaning, hinting at something that intrudes on something and then spoils it in some way.
WORD FAMILY
encroachment: encroachments+/ encroach: encroached, encroacher, encroaches, encroaching, encroachment /encroacher: encroachers
USAGE EXAMPLES
But again, this isn’t possible everywhere on the planet: many regions are already limited by their inability to adapt to urban encroachment.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Her account will fuel already considerable fears of ISIS’ encroachment in the region.
Time(Dec 14, 2016)
Mr. McGahn insisted he was fighting to protect the right to free speech — including the free flow of political money — against government encroachment.
New York Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 侵入，侵占，侵蚀
分布：侵犯(53%)，侵蚀(47%)
N-VAR
侵占;侵蚀;蚕食
You can describe the action or process of encroaching on something as encroachment .
例：It's a sign of the encroachment of commercialism in medicine...这是医药界被逐渐商业化的一个的征兆。
例：The problem was to safeguard sites from encroachment by property development.问题是要保护遗址免受房地产开发商的侵占。
n. 侵入， [法] 侵犯；侵蚀
 - violence, erosion, intrusion, invasion, penetration

Word: mutt
Front: mutt
[mʌt] (16202/37429)
Vocabulary: mutt
(once / 19634 pages)
n
A mutt is any dog that's a combination of different breeds, rather than one identifiable breed. Your beloved mutt might be as big as a Golden Retriever but with short, Corgi-like legs.
Most dogs are mutts, and many of their owners are fine with the word mutt, despite the word's original implication of "inferior, mixed breed dog." Dogs called crossbreeds are deliberately bred to combine characteristics of two or more recognized breeds, while mutts — also known as mongrels — are the result of accidental mixing of breeds. In the late 1800s, mutt was a derogatory term meaning either "stupid person" or "stupid dog."
WORD FAMILY
mutt: mutts
USAGE EXAMPLES
They have a successful ongoing kids program in “Mutt and Stuff” on Nickelodeon.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
One day, in a fit of whimsy or cruelty, Isaac paints the words “crazy dog” on the back of a stray Jerusalem mutt.
The New Yorker(Nov 13, 2016)
He calls the other man “a pig,” ”an idiot” and “a mutt, who doesn’t know what he’s talking about.”
Seattle Times(Nov 01, 2016)
Back: n. 蠢人，笨蛋，杂种狗
分布：杂种狗(59%)，笨蛋(41%)
→缩写自muttonhead,傻瓜，笨蛋。后用以骂杂种狗。
noun countable
PERSON 人 mainly US informal
■a person who behaves in a silly or careless way 笨蛋；不经心的人
• Come on you mutts, play harder! 加把劲，你们这些笨蛋！
[mʌt] noun countable
DOG 狗 mainly US a mongrel
n. 杂种狗；笨蛋
 - simple, turkey, put, mong

Word: principled
Front: principled
[ˈprɪnsəpld] (16244/20196)
Vocabulary: principled
(once / 2651 pages)
adj
If you decide to take a lower grade rather than cheat on a test, you are making a principled decision, or one that is based on moral rightness.
Most people have a set of principles or basic moral rules that they follow. These might include not stealing, not cheating, and treating people as you would like to be treated. Decisions made following these rules are principled, as are people who follow their principles often. If you take a principled stance on censorship, your defend or refute it actively based on your convictions.
WORD FAMILY
principled: unprincipled
USAGE EXAMPLES
But this principled response, though valid, fails to address some big questions implicit in the populist complaint.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Attacking the most principled among themselves is an attack on Christians’ best chance for survival in the public square.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Moreover, he is universally considered decent and able, pragmatic and principled, affable but steely.
Economist(Oct 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 原则性强的，有（道德）原则的; 刚正
分布：有原则的(65%)，原则性的(35%)
【记】源于：principle（n 法则；原则）
['prɪnt.sɪ.pld] formal
adjective
■always behaving in an honest and moral way 有道德（原则）的；原则性强的
• She was a very principled woman. 她是一个品德高尚的人。
■based on moral rules 依据道德准则的
• The Church is taking a principled stand against the conflict. 教会采取的是反对冲突的原则立场。

Word: magnate
Front: magnate
[ˈmægneɪt] (雅宝 16243/10392 -1)
Vocabulary: magnate
(once / 2084 pages)
n
If you’re a hugely successful businessperson, particularly if you’ve cornered the market in a specific area, you’re a magnate. Magnates are often larger-than-life characters, like that oil tycoon who wears a cowboy hat with his tuxedo.
Historically, a magnate was a man of noble birth (from the Latin magnus, meaning "a nobleman," or at least someone distinguished by his achievements. In the twentieth century, the stock of a magnate has rather fallen. If you’re vulgar and loud-spoken as well as rich, you’re probably a magnate. Thanks to the legendary movie producer Samuel Goldwyn, all film studio heads are now "studio magnates."
WORD FAMILY
magnate: magnates
USAGE EXAMPLES
Husband No. 2, Harry Karl, was a shoe magnate who lost his millions and hers through gambling and bad investments, according to her autobiography.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Eddie Fisher was hardly present for his daughter in her early years, and Reynolds’ second husband, shoe store magnate Harry Karl, was even worse.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Season three’s baddie, publishing magnate Charles Augustus Magnussen, was not nearly as compelling.
Time(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: n. 富豪，权贵; 巨头; 大资本家
分布：巨头(100%)
→来自拉丁语magnus,伟大的，巨大的，富贵的，词源同major,master.引申词义伟人，贵族等，但现多含贬义。
noun countable
■a person who is very rich and successful in business or industry 富豪，大亨；工商界巨头
• a well-known shipping magnate 赫赫有名的船王
n. 巨头；大资本家；要人；富豪；……大王
 - personage, tycoon

Word: stigmatize
Front: stigmatize
[ˈstɪgmətaɪz] (宝 16222/37471)
Vocabulary: stigmatize
(once / 5378 pages)
v
If you stigmatize someone, you have given that person a label — and it's usually a label that is limiting in some way.
In Ancient Greece, a stigma was a brand burned into a slave or a criminal's skin to symbolize disgrace. In the 1500s, the word stigmatize meant literally "to brand or tattoo." Nowadays, to stigmatize is to shame or brand a person in a more symbolic way.
WORD FAMILY
stigmatize: stigmatization, stigmatized, stigmatizes, stigmatizing+/ stigma: stigmas, stigmatic, stigmatise, stigmatize /stigmatic: stigmatically, stigmatics/stigmatise: stigmatisation, stigmatised, stigmatises, stigmatising
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Trump-only focus groups are more interesting, however, because they show Trump voters speaking unguardedly without fear of being stigmatized as racist or sexist.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
The infusion was stigmatized for being a government bailout, though the money was ultimately repaid.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
But stigmatizing attitudes tend to be much harsher than mere disapproval.
Salon(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 使受耻辱，指责，污辱
时态：stigmatized, stigmatizing, stigmatizes
分布：污蔑(60%)，使蒙上污名(40%)
→来自希腊语 stigmatos,所有格形式于 stigma,烙印，刺痕标记，-ize,使。引申词义打上耻辱标 记，使受耻辱等。
(UK usually stigmatise) ['stɪg.mə.taɪz] verb transitive often passive
■to treat someone or something unfairly by disapproving of them 使背负恶名，侮辱
• People should not be stigmatized on the basis of race. 人们不应因其种族而受到侮辱。
vt. 诬蔑；玷污；给…打上烙印
 - cloud, pollute

Word: fullback
Front: fullback
[ˈfʊlbæk] (16117/28499 -1)
Back: n. 后卫
分布：后卫(97%)，后冲(3%)
noun countable
■a defending player in games such as football and hockey who plays near the end of the field, or a player in American football whose team has control of the ball （足球、曲棍球等中的）防守后卫；（美式橄榄球中控球方的）后卫
n. 后卫
 - backfielder, cover-point

Word: okra
Front: okra
[ˈəʊkrə] (16161/45890)
Back: n. 黄秋葵，秋葵荚
分布：秋葵(79%)，秋葵荚(21%)
→来自西非某当地语言。
US ['oʊ-] (US also gumbo)
noun uncountable
■the small green pods from a tropical plant eaten as a vegetable or used to thicken soups and other dishes, or the plant itself 秋葵荚，羊角豆
n. [园艺] 秋葵荚，秋葵
 - abelmosk

Word: corduroy
Front: corduroy
[ˈkɔ:dərɔɪ] (16212/19900)
Vocabulary: corduroy
(once / 4652 pages)
1n 2nv
Corduroy is a thick fabric with ridges or ribs running along its length. You can use corduroy to make clothing or to upholster furniture.
The fabric known as corduroy is most famously used to make the jean-style pants also known as corduroys. The pattern on a piece of corduroy is called a "cord," the ridges that distinguish corduroy from its close relative, velvet. Another kind of corduroy is an often temporary road that's laid with many logs in a row — corduroy roads have been used during wars to bridge swampy areas quickly.
WORD FAMILY
corduroy: corduroyed, corduroying, corduroys
USAGE EXAMPLES
There’s always a dapper little detail – a bit of corduroy or tweed… Absolutely.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Even the three little pigs know quality matters, but how do you tell uncut corduroy from cotton velvet?
Wall Street Journal(Nov 23, 2016)
She remembered him wearing bluejeans and a corduroy jacket handed down from Etan’s best friend, who was younger but larger than he.
New York Times(Oct 21, 2016)
Back: n. 灯芯绒; 条绒
分布：灯芯绒(87%)，条绒(10%)，木排路(3%)
→俗词源认为该词来自royal cord, 即皇室专用绒。
US ['kɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■a thick cotton material with soft raised parallel lines in one direction, used especially for making clothes 灯芯绒

Word: misrepresent
Front: misrepresent
[ˌmɪsˌreprɪˈzent] (雅宝 16251/18914 -1)
Vocabulary: misrepresent
(once / 1519 pages)
v
If you deliberately mislead someone — for example, by lying about your work experience at a job interview — you misrepresent yourself, or paint a false picture of who you are.
The verb misrepresent can be a relatively gentle way to say "lie," or it can mean more of a bending of the truth. You might misrepresent the reliability of an old car you're trying to sell or accidentally misrepresent an author's intentions in a school book report. The word itself is built from the Old English prefix mis-, which means "bad or wrong," and represent, or "depict, describe, or symbolize."
WORD FAMILY
misrepresent: misrepresentation, misrepresented, misrepresenting, misrepresents+/ misrepresentation: misrepresentations/ represent: misrepresent, representable, representation, representative, represented, representing, represents/ representation: representational, representations/representational: nonrepresentational, representationally/ representative: nonrepresentative, representatively, representatives, unrepresentative/unrepresentative: unrepresentatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the lawsuit, filed on behalf of Senegal’s widow, claims deputies misrepresented facts and obstructed the investigation.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
But sometimes there is no pressure and images are deliberately misrepresented.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
It accuses the bank and its employees of misrepresenting the quality of the loans they sold to investors between 2005 and 2007.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: vt. 歪曲，误传; 诬告，把…颠倒黑白; 不称职地代表
时态：misrepresented, misrepresenting, misrepresents
分布：歪曲(76%)，不合适地代表(16%)，误称(8%)
→mis-,坏的，错的，不好的，present,出具，传达，介绍。
【记】mis错，represent（v 表现）
【参】misshapen（adj 奇形怪状的）
verb transitive
■to describe falsely an idea, opinion or situation or the opinions of someone, often in order to get an advantage 不如实地叙述（或说明）；误传；歪曲；诈称
• She accused her opponents of deliberately misrepresenting her as an extremist. 她指责对手故意诬蔑她是极端分子。
• I've grown used to my views being misrepresented in the press. 我已经对新闻界歪曲我的观点习以为常了。
vt. 歪曲，误传；不合适地代表
 - colour, misinform

Word: two-part
Front: two-part
['tu:pɑ:t] None
Back: n. <苏格兰>三分之二
分布：两部分的(100%)
n. 三分之二
 - two thirds

Word: antagonistic
Front: antagonistic
[ænˌtægəˈnɪstɪk] (16230/15182)
Vocabulary: antagonistic
(once / 2756 pages)
adj
If you're antagonistic, you're hard to get along with. Harmony is not your friend — you prefer hostility and struggle.
If you're antagonistic to your little brother, you're always picking on him and giving him a hard time — causing him agony — a word that's buried in antagonistic. Even drugs or chemicals can be antagonistic: if you take a sleeping pill and then follow it with a few cups of espresso, the interaction is likely to be antagonistic. The sleeping pill and the caffeine struggle against each other and you're not likely to get much sleep.
WORD FAMILY
antagonistic: antagonistically+/antagonise: antagonised, antagonises, antagonising/ antagonism: antagonise, antagonisms, antagonist, antagonistic, antagonize / antagonist: antagonists/ antagonize: antagonized, antagonizes, antagonizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
News website comment sections host antagonistic conversations between contributors.
Salon(Dec 19, 2016)
TSA officials reportedly insisted on subjecting Mr. Reinhold to a secondary search when he began acting “antagonistic toward officers,” authorities told the newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 09, 2016)
"Despite the West's antagonistic policy and the unavoidable reaction of Moscow, which limited these opportunities in the past few decades, the possibilities today are unique."
Reuters(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 敌对的，对抗性的
分布：敌对的(63%)，对抗性的(37%)
敌对的(ant反对+agon斗争+istic)[-istic表形容词,由-ist+ic构成,表示"…的"]
【记】ant蚂蚁，a，gon角＝蚂蚁长一个角－对抗性的；敌对的
【反】synergic（adj 合作的）
adjective
■actively opposing or showing unfriendliness towards something or someone 对抗的，对立的；敌对的；敌意的
• He's extremely antagonistic towards all critics. 他对所有的评论家都极端敌视。
adj. 敌对的；对抗性的；反对的
 - adverse, anti, opposed

Word: authorship
Front: authorship
[ˈɔ:θəʃɪp] (16130/16329)
Vocabulary: authorship
(once / 1867 pages)
n
If you write something, you are engaged in authorship. If you want a fancy way of asking "Who wrote that letter?" — try, "Who is responsible for the authorship of that letter?" Fancy, indeed!
Authorship can refer to anything, not just the creation of written text; you can have authorship of a new idea, a new cocktail, a new fashion style — anything. And just as doctors practice medicine, or architects architecture, so writers practice authorship; in other words, authorship also means the actual act of authoring or writing.
WORD FAMILY
authorship: authorships+/ author: auctorial, authored, authorial, authoring, authorized, authors, authorship, co-author/authorial: authorially/authorized: unauthorized/co-author: co-authored
USAGE EXAMPLES
The conversation mainly focused on aesthetics and authorship.
Washington Post(Nov 21, 2016)
Another trend is that the meaning of authorship in massive science projects is getting fuzzier.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back in July, Harris sounded off on Twitter about Swift’s authorship when he called her an “amazing lyric writer.”
Time(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. 作者身份
分布：来源(53%)，作家职业(28%)，著述(19%)
US ['ɑ:.θɚ-] noun uncountable
■the state or fact of being the person who wrote a particular book, poem, document, etc. （书、诗、文章等作品的）作者（身分）
• The article is of unknown authorship (= It is not known who wrote it). 这篇文章的作者不详。
• She is being attacked for her authorship of the policy document. 她因起草这一政策性档而受到抨击。
n. （书等的）原创作者，来源；作者的身份；著述业
 - source, provenience

Word: cheeseburger
Front: cheeseburger
[ˈtʃi:zbɜ:gə(r)] (16235/39617)
Back: n. 夹干酪和碎牛肉的三明治，放有干酪的肉饼
分布：名词(100%)
US [-ˌbɝ:.gɚ] noun countable
■a hamburger (= round, flat shape made of meat, eaten between bread) with a slice of melted cheese 起司汉堡包
n. 牛肉饼；干酪汉堡包；杀伤炸弹
 - hamburger

Word: blue-green
Front: blue-green
[b'lu:ɡr'i:n] None
Back: 蓝绿色
分布：蓝绿色(100%)
n. 蓝绿色
 - aquamarine blue, cyan

Word: curbside
Front: curbside
['kɜ:bsaɪd] (16181/-)
Back: n. 靠近路缘的人行道部分，路边
分布：路缘人行道(50%)，人行道的(50%)
US ['kɝ:b-] noun uncountable adjective [before noun] US spelling of kerbside kerbside 的美式拼法
n. 路边；靠近路缘的人行道部分
 - roadside

Word: kiln
Front: kiln
[ kɪln] (托 16330/12627 -1)
Vocabulary: kiln
(once / 4380 pages)
n
A kiln is a special kind of oven for firing things like pottery and bricks. A ceramic artist might use a kiln once a week to fire the bowls he's made from clay.
Some kilns look more like furnaces than ovens, and they reach temperatures far beyond regular household ovens. Electricity is used to power many modern kilns, while others use older techniques of burning wood or even coal. Making mugs and bowls is the primary use of kilns, but there are some that dry lumber, tobacco leaves, or hops as well. The Old English word was cyln, from the Latin root culina, "kitchen or cooking stove."
WORD FAMILY
kiln: kilns
USAGE EXAMPLES
A third vigil begins with refreshments at 4 p.m. at Lime Kiln Point State Park in Friday Harbor.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
To get their craft beers into the hands of thirsty customers, the partners contracted to brew batches at Lazy Magnolia Brewing Co. in Kiln.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
The business, located on 120 acres, includes five kilns that can each dry 35,000 board feet at a time.
Washington Times(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: 大窑
分布：窑(82%)，炉(14%)，烧窑(3%)，在干燥炉干燥(1%)
→来自古英语cyln,炉子，窑，来自拉丁语culina,锅，炉子，来自coquere,烧，煮，词源同cook,cuisine,dyspeptic.拼写比较nail,rule.
noun countable
■a type of large oven used for making bricks and clay objects hard after they have been shaped （用以烧制砖、陶器的）窑
n. （砖，石灰等的） [炉窑] 窑；炉；干燥炉
 - oven, stove

Word: dissimilar
Front: dissimilar
[dɪˈsɪmɪlə(r)] (托 16241/11683)
Vocabulary: dissimilar
(once / 2496 pages)
adj
If your sister has dark skin and dark hair, and you have fair skin and fair hair, people might say that your looks are dissimilar or not alike.
Inside of dissimilar you find similar which means alike. By now, you've probably figured out that dis at the beginning of a word tells you the word means the opposite of whatever comes after. That rule holds here. Dissimilar is the opposite of similar. You've probably heard that you should not use double negatives. Well with dissimilar, it's okay to say something like, "Art is not dissimilar to music in that it is a creative activity. Here, "not dissimilar" means similar.
WORD FAMILY
dissimilar: dissimilarity, dissimilarly+/dissimilarity: dissimilarities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Theresa May finds herself in Number 10 for not dissimilar reasons.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Despite The Mission’s inclusion on the Holy See’s 45 great films list, its conclusion isn’t that dissimilar to that of Predator.
The Guardian(Dec 29, 2016)
But Pence appears determined to try to convince his party that Trump is not all that dissimilar from him — and them.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: adj. 不同的，不相似的
分布：不同的(100%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。similar, 一致的。
不同的(dis不+similar相同的)[simil,simul,sembl=alike,same表示"相类似,一样"]
US [-lɚ] adjective
■different 不同的，不相似的，有区别的
• The new house is not dissimilar (= is similar) to our old one except that it's a bit bigger. 新房子与我们的旧房子相比并没有甚么不同，只是稍大一些。
adj. 不同的
 - different, diverse, unlike, varying, another

Word: abatement
Front: abatement
[ə'beɪtmənt] (16332/23566)
Vocabulary: abatement
(once / 4950 pages)
n
An abatement is a deduction, or lessening. If you start bluntly telling people what you think of them, you might see an abatement in their friendliness toward you.
Abatement comes from the French word for batter, but abatement doesn’t usually have a negative sense––abatement reduces something, but doesn’t beat it to a pulp. Many cities offer tax abatements to reward businesses starting up in areas they want to develop. If your heat doesn't work, you could sue your landlord for a rent abatement, since you shouldn't have to pay rent for days you don't have heat.
WORD FAMILY
abatement: abatements+/ abate: abatable, abated, abatement, abates, abating, abator/abated: unabated/unabated: unabatedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In St. Louis a developer is seeking 15 years of tax abatements to refurbish an abandoned armory into a hotel-office complex including a craft brewery.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
Each home that was subject to an abatement complaint is located near a high school or middle school, Feuer said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 13, 2016)
He also mocked politicians who offered low-interest loans and tax abatements to keep factories in the United States.
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 减少; 减轻; 折扣; 废除
分布：减少(54%)，减轻(23%)，缓和(13%)，减少额(10%)
N-UNCOUNT
减弱;减轻;减少
Abatement means a reduction in the strength or power of something or the reduction of it.
例：...the abatement of carbon dioxide emissions.二氧化碳排放的减少
例：...noise abatement.噪声消退
n. 减少； [法] 消除；减轻
 - reduction, loss, decrease, removing, elimination

Word: Mexican-American

Word: deluge
Front: deluge
[ˈdelju:dʒ] (雅宝 16257/18492 -1)
Vocabulary: deluge
(once / 1018 pages)
nv
Feeling overwhelmed, like you're underwater? You might be experiencing a deluge — like when you've been given a deluge of homework over vacation: a dozen term papers, two dozen books to read, and a mile-high stack of math problems.
The noun deluge is an overwhelming amount of something in general, such as work, people, or questions. Because of its Latin roots, however, in particular it means an overwhelming amount of water. It comes from diluvian, which means flood. The verb deluge similarly means to overwhelm or inundate with something, particularly water. The hurricane deluged the island with rain. A deluge isn't always a bad thing, however. One thing most people would like to be deluged with? Money.
WORD FAMILY
deluge: deluged, deluges, deluging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Republican electors were deluged with emails, phone calls and letters urging them not to support Trump.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The leaves echo the tree shapes in the show’s largest painting, a 10-foot-wide deluge of color that suggests a flood of memories.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
But the Arizona electors say they won’t be swayed by the protests or email and phone call deluge.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 洪水; 泛滥; 倾盆大雨
vt. 使淹没; 使泛滥
时态：deluged, deluging, deluges
分布：泛滥(51%)，大洪水(23%)，暴雨(23%)，大量涌入(3%)
→de-, 向下，离开。-lug, 冲洗，喷流，词源同lava, dilute.
大洪水;暴雨(de去掉+lug[=luv]+e→冲掉→暴雨)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
【记】de向下，luge＝luv冲洗一倾盆大雨发音特殊：中间有一个“流”－大洪水大人总是delude小孩：deluge来了！！
【参】dilute（v 冲淡；稀释；adj 淡的；稀释的）
【反】drizzle（n 细雨）
noun countable
■a very large amount of rain or water 暴雨；洪水
• This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily. 遇到暴雨的时候，这条小溪的水势就会猛涨。
a deluge of sth
■a lot of something 大量的…
• The newspaper received a deluge of complaints/letters/phone calls about the article. 报馆收到了关于这篇文章的大量投诉／信件／电话。
['del.ju:dʒ] verb transitive usually passive
■to cover something with a lot of water 淹没
• The city was deluged when the river burst its banks. 河流溃堤淹没了这个城市。
• figurative We've been deluged with (= have received a lot of) replies. 纷至沓来的回信使我们应接不暇。
n. 洪水；泛滥；暴雨
 - flood, fresh, flow, inundation
vt. 使泛滥；压倒
 - overwhelm, snow under

Word: how-to
Front: how-to
[ˈhauˈtu:] None
Back: adj. 解释作法的，指引的
分布：解释作法的(50%)，指引的(50%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes a book, video or other product that provides advice on a particular activity （书籍、摄影等）入门的，提供指南的
• How-to books on dieting are often at the top of the bestseller lists. 减肥类书籍常常位于畅销书排行榜榜首。

Word: bead
Front: bead
[bi:d] (六托雅 5351/6597 -1)
Vocabulary: bead
(once / 495 pages)
nv
A bead is a small bauble or jewel with a hole through its middle for stringing on a necklace or bracelet. You can make your own jewelry by stringing colorful beads on a long cord.
Beads are decorative balls made from stone, glass, or plastic. Rosary beads — or other prayer beads — are used for praying or meditating, and in some societies beads are the equivalent of money, used as currency to buy things. You can also describe a round drop of liquid as a bead, like a bead of sweat on your forehead. The earliest meaning of bead is "prayer bead," from the Old English gebed, "prayer."
WORD FAMILY
bead: beaded, beading, beadlike, beads, beady +/beading: beadings/ beady: beadier, beadily
USAGE EXAMPLES
From the new movie “Live By Night,” a Deco-style beaded flapper dress is all sparkle.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Our eyes will be beads of dried-up jerky by then, but at least there’s sweet relief on the horizon.
Salon(Dec 22, 2016)
The part you need is called a glazing bead.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 有孔小珠，念珠; 水珠，露珠; 珠子项链
vt. 用小珠装饰; 使成串珠状
vi. 形成珠状; 起泡
时态：beaded, beading, beads
分布：珠子(61%)，滴(23%)，用珍珠布置或覆盖(8%)，象珍珠一样串成线(4%)，形成珍珠(4%)
→词源同bid, 要求，祈祷，原指祈祷用的念珠。
noun countable
■a small coloured often round piece of plastic, wood, glass, etc. with a hole through it. It is usually put on a string with a lot of others to make jewellery （有孔的）珠子
• She wore a necklace of brightly coloured wooden beads. 她戴着一串由色彩鲜艳的木珠串成的项炼。
■a very small amount of liquid （液体的）小珠，小滴
• Beads of sweat stood out on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了汗珠。
n. 珠子；滴；念珠
 - drop, gutta
vi. 形成珠状，起泡
 - foam formation

Word: heartache
Front: heartache
[ˈhɑ:teɪk] (16260/20525 -1)
Vocabulary: heartache
(once / 5699 pages)
n
The death of your beloved cat may cause you heartache, or a powerful feeling of loss and sadness. Heartache is often caused by the grief of losing someone you love.
Although it doesn't necessarily cause physical discomfort, heartache is an emotionally painful experience. You feel heartache when you lose a loved one, especially when the person you love dies, or when it's impossible for you to be together. Shakespearean tragedies are famously full of heartache. The root of heartache is the Old English heortece, which originally meant a literal "physical pain in the heart," and later came to mean "anguish."
WORD FAMILY
heartache: heartaches
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lifelong care, heartache ahead for babies born with Zika in the U.S.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
It’s also for his coach and teammates, too, who comforted him through his heartache.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
In a time of crisis, football provided hope, a refuge from heartache, a welcome distraction.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 心痛，悲伤，伤心
分布：心痛(100%)
→heart,心，心脏，ache,痛苦。
US ['hɑ:rt-] noun countable or uncountable literary
■feelings of great sadness 伤心，悲痛
• You've caused me nothing but heartache. 你只是让我伤心。
• She writes about the joys and heartaches of bringing up children. 她描述了养育孩子的欢乐与悲伤。
n. 心痛；悲叹
 - regret, cardiodynia

Word: airspace
Front: airspace
[ˈeəspeɪs] (高 16254/23446)
Back: n. 领空，（某国的）空域
分布：领空(52%)，空域(32%)，空间(8%)，上空(7%)，广播时间(1%)
US ['er-] noun uncountable
■the air or sky above a country, which is considered to belong to that country 领空；（某国的）空域
• The government claimed that the plane had illegally entered its airspace. 该政府宣称这架飞机非法进入其领空。
n. [航] 空域；领空；空间
 - vacuum, room

Word: hated
Front: hated
[heitid] (16262/14930)
Back: v. 憎恨( hate的过去式和过去分词 ); 讨厌; 不愿; 为…感到抱歉
分布：讨厌(66%)，憎恨(26%)，厌恶(8%)
VERB
仇恨;憎恨;憎恶
If you hate someone or something, you have an extremely strong feeling of dislike for them.
例：Most people hate him, but they don't dare to say so, because he still rules the country...人们大多憎恨他，但不敢说，因为他仍在统治这个国家。
例：I hated myself for writing that letter.我恨自己写了那封信。
VERB
讨厌;厌恶;不喜欢
If you say that you hate something such as a particular activity, you mean that you find it very unpleasant.
例：Ted hated parties, even gatherings of people he liked individually...特德讨厌各种派对，即便是他自己喜欢的人的聚会也不例外。
例：She hated hospitals and didn't like the idea of having an operation...她讨厌医院，也不想做手术。
VERB
我真不愿麻烦你/我真不想打扰你
You can use hate in expressions such as 'I hate to trouble you' or 'I hate to bother you' when you are apologizing to someone for interrupting them or asking them to do something.
例：I hate to rush you but I have another appointment later on.我真不想催你，但我稍后还有一个约会。
VERB
我很抱歉这么说/我很遗憾地通知你
You can use hate in expressions such as 'I hate to say it' or 'I hate to tell you' when you want to express regret about what you are about to say, because you think it is unpleasant or should not be the case.
例：I hate to tell you this, but tomorrow's your last day...我很抱歉地通知你，明天是你的最后一天了。
例：I hate to admit it, but you were right.我不得不承认，你是对的。
VERB
我很不愿意看到/我很不愿意想
You can use hate in expressions such as 'I hate to see' or 'I hate to think' when you are emphasizing that you find a situation or an idea unpleasant.
例：I just hate to see you doing this to yourself.我真不愿意看到你这样对待自己。
VERB
真希望…不是真的（或不会发生）
You can use hate in expressions such as 'I'd hate to think' when you hope that something is not true or that something will not happen.
例：I'd hate to think my job would not be secure if I left it temporarily.希望我的工作不会因为我暂时休假而不保。

Word: manicure
Front: manicure
[ˈmænɪkjʊə(r)] (16247/34443 -1)
Vocabulary: manicure
(once / 6241 pages)
nv
When you get a manicure, your fingernails get filed and shaped and possibly painted red. You might get a manicure at a spa or salon as a way to pamper yourself.
You can pay a professional to give you a manicure, or you can do a manicure at home with a nail file and a bottle of nail polish. Some people get manicures for fun and relaxation, while others don't feel well dressed without the perfect nails that a manicure provides. In French the word manicure means "care of the hands," and it comes from the Latin word for "hand," manus.
WORD FAMILY
manicure: manicured, manicures, manicuring, manicurist+/manicurist: manicurists
USAGE EXAMPLES
My left hand dictates the steering wheel, while my right hand is clasped to Becca’s manicured fingers.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Manicures or hair blowouts—at least a month’s worth—from their favorite salons.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
And they get to let their manicures and pedicures dry on a patio while enjoying an aloe-based punch spiced with turmeric.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. 修指甲
vt. 修剪…的指甲; 修剪，修平
时态：manicured, manicuring, manicures
分布：修指甲(67%)，修剪(29%)，修指甲的人(4%)
→mani-,手，词源同manual,cure,处理，护理，治疗。引申词义指甲护理。
US [-kjʊr] noun countable or uncountable
■(a) treatment for the hands which involves softening the skin and making the nails look better by cutting, smoothing and possibly painting them 修指甲；指甲护理 Compare pedicure
vt. 修剪
 - shear, crop, trim off

Word: raven
Front: raven
[ˈreɪvn] (托 14323/16332 -1)
Vocabulary: raven
(once / 601 pages)
nv
A raven is a large, black bird that's a scavenger — meaning that it likes to feed on dead animals. If someone tells you that you have "raven tresses," they are commenting on your hair color, not your eating habits.
If you see a large group of ravens, you can call them an unkindness of ravens, or a conspiracy of ravens. Raven is also an adjective for anything that's the glossy black color of a raven's feathers: "His raven hair was held out of his eyes with a sweatband." Probably the most famous literary raven is the one in Edgar Allen Poe's spooky poem "The Raven," especially in the repeated line, "Quoth the Raven, 'Nevermore!'"
WORD FAMILY
raven: ravened, ravening, ravens
USAGE EXAMPLES
He’d decided to remain in Baltimore as the offensive coordinator of the Ravens.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Fourteen games into the season, the Ravens were still in the running for the AFC North title.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Otherwise, the Ravens got nothing accomplished in their final game of the 2016 season.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. 掠夺，劫掠; 大乌鸦，渡鸦
adj. （指头发）乌亮的
v. 掠夺; 狼吞虎咽地吃
时态：ravened, ravening, ravens
分布：乌黑的(44%)，大乌鸦(30%)，掠夺(26%)
→来自古英语 hraefn,渡鸦，大乌鸦，来自 ker,尖叫声，拟声词，词源同 crow,crane.raven 掠夺，狼吞虎咽
捕食;狼吞虎咽(raven还有乌鸦之意)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
noun countable
■the largest bird in the crow family, with shiny black feathers 度鸦
['reɪ.vən] adjective [before noun] literary
■(especially of hair) shiny black （尤指毛发）乌黑发亮的，乌油油的
• Her pale face was framed by raven locks. 在乌黑发亮的头发衬托下，她的脸更显苍白。
n. 掠夺，劫掠；大乌鸦
 - rapine, plunderage
adj. 乌黑的
 - sooty
vt. 掠夺；狼吞虎咽
 - harry, despoil
vi. 掠夺；狼吞虎咽
 - prey upon, gobble up

Word: storybook
Front: storybook
[ˈstɔ:ribʊk] (16265/39665)
Back: n. 故事书，小说
分布：故事书(80%)，小说(15%)，故事般的(5%)
US ['stɔ:r.i-] adjective [before noun]
■(of real life situations) happy and pleasant in the way that situations in children's stories usually are （真实生活）童话般的，幸福快乐的
• If you're looking for a storybook romance, you're always going to be disappointed. 如果你想追寻一种童话般的浪漫爱情，一定会大失所望。
n. 故事书；小说
 - novel, fiction

Word: cleanly
Front: cleanly
[ˈkli:nli] (16267/18522)
Back: adv. 整齐地，有规则地; 干净利落地
adj. <正>讲究清洁的，爱干净的
分布：干净地(52%)，利落地(25%)，清洁地(11%)，清洁的(9%)，爱干净的(3%)
adverb
HONESTLY 诚实地
■fairly and honestly 公正诚实地；清白地
• The election campaign was not conducted very cleanly. 竞选活动搞得有点不清不白。
['kli:n.li] adverb
NOT ROUGHLY 整齐地
■with smooth straight edges 整齐地
• The plate broke cleanly in half. 碟子整齐地碎成了两半。
['kli:n.li] adverb
EQUALLY 相等地
■equally 相等地
• Opinions were split cleanly between men and women. 男女意见相左，人数对等。
adv. 干净地；清洁地
 - purely, immaculately
adj. 干净的；爱清洁的
 - kosher

Word: rabid
Front: rabid
[ˈræbɪd] (宝 16269/22403)
Vocabulary: rabid
(once / 4903 pages)
adj
Chances are that if the tail-wagging dog that just appeared on your doorstep is also foaming at the mouth and chewing on your welcome mat, it's rabid and you should back away slowly; no petting for this infectious pup.
While you've likely heard it used to describe an animal infected by rabies, rabid (derived from the Latin verb rabere "be mad, rave") can also dramatically describe a person exhibiting fanatical, extremely enthusiastic, or raging behavior. That guy who nearly knocked you off the stands at the football game with his energetic fist-pumping and then was later kicked out for getting into a fight with another fan? Rabid on both counts.
WORD FAMILY
rabid: rabidest, rabidity, rabidly, rabidness+/rabidity: rabidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
She was even glimpsed in Ron Howard’s “The Beatles: Eight Days a Week - The Touring Years” as a young, rabid Beatlemaniac.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
She was even glimpsed in Ron Howard’s “The Beatles: Eight Days a Week – The Touring Years” as a young, rabid Beatlemaniac.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
But each post was less rabid, more substantive.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 患狂犬病的; 疯狂的; 狂暴的; 狂热的
分布：患狂犬病的(44%)，激进的(26%)，疯狂的(19%)，极端的(11%)
→来自拉丁语 rabere,发狂的，词源同 rage.
狂怒的,狂热[rab=rage(怒)]
【记】ra＝re反复，bid投标：反复出钱投标没有用的东西－失去理性的
【反】logical（adj 合乎逻辑的）；detached（adj 分开的；超然的）
adjective mainly disapproving
■having and expressing extreme and unreasonable feelings 极端的；过激的；狂热的
• The attack is believed to have been carried out by a group of rabid anti-semites. 据信，袭击是一群狂热的反犹分子所为。
• a rabid feminist 偏激的女权主义者
['ræb.ɪd] adjective
■suffering from rabies 患狂犬病的
• a rabid dog 疯狗
adj. 激烈的；狂暴的；偏激的；患狂犬病的
 - angry, acute, extreme, furious

Word: wing
Front: wing
[wɪŋ] (中高研四六雅 1889/1755 -K4)
Back: n. 翅膀，翼; 飞翔; 派系，派别
vi. 飞行
vt. 为…装上翼; 使或使能飞行; 飞过
时态：winged, winging, wings
分布：翼(70%)，翅膀(25%)，飞过(3%)，空运(1%)，临时发挥(1%)
→来自we,吹，词源同wind,ventilate。引申义飞，翅膀。
n.翅,翅膀;翼,机翼;派别vt.装以翼Twice the twin king wins the winter swinging under the wing of the plane.孪生国王两次赢得冬季机翼下的荡秋千赛.
noun countable
FOR FLYING 用于飞行的结构
 ESSENTIAL
■the flat part of the body which a bird, insect or bat uses for flying, or one of the flat horizontal structures that stick out from the side of an aircraft and support it when it is flying （鸟类等的）翅膀；（飞机的）机翼
• the delicacy of a butterfly's wings 蝴蝶翅膀的精致
• I don't like chicken wings - there's not much meat on them. 我不喜欢吃鸡翅——上面没有多少肉。
• I could see the plane's wing out of my window. 我透过身边的窗户能看到飞机的机翼。
take wing literary
■If a bird takes wing, it flies away. 飞走
■to suddenly develop, freely and powerfully 突然发展；自由飞扬
• She walked in the hills, letting her thoughts take wing. 她走在山坡上，任思绪自由飞扬。
on the wing literary
■A bird that is on the wing is flying. （鸟）正在飞翔
[wɪŋ] noun countable
POLITICAL GROUP 政治团体
 IMPROVER
■a group within a political party or organization whose beliefs are in some way different from those of the main group （政党中的）派别，宗派
• The president is on the left/right wing of the Democratic party. 总统属于民主党左翼／右翼。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
PART OF BUILDING 建筑的一部分
■a part of a large building which sticks out from the main part, often having been added at a later date （常指后来增建的）建筑翼部，厢房，侧厅
• The maternity ward will be in the new wing of the hospital. 产科病房将设在医院新建的一侧。
• The west wing of the house is still lived in by Lord and Lady Carlton, while the rest of the house is open to the public. 房子的西翼仍由卡尔顿勋爵及夫人居住，而其余部分则向公众开放。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
PART OF CAR 汽车部件 UK (US fender)
■one of the four parts at the side of a car which go over the wheels （汽车的）挡泥板，翼子板
• There's a dent in the left wing. 左挡泥板上有个凹痕。
• Look in your wing mirror. 看你侧面的反光镜。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
SPORTS 体育运动
■(in various team games, such as football and hockey) either of the two sides of the sports field, or a player whose position is at either of the two sides of the field （足球、曲棍球等集体项目的）侧翼位置，侧翼队员，边锋队员
• Minelli passes the ball to Hernandez out there on the wing. 米内利将球传给处在边锋位置的埃尔南德斯。
• He played left/right wing for Manchester United. 他在曼联队踢左／右边锋。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
THEATRE 舞台
the wings [plural]
■the sides of a stage which cannot be seen by the people watching the play （舞台的）侧面
• I was in the wings waiting for my cue to come on stage. 我站在舞台的侧面，等待上台的提示。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
on a wing and a prayer
■If you do something on a wing and a prayer, you do it hoping that you will succeed, although you are not prepared enough for it 准备不充分但又希望成功
• With scarcely any funding and a staff of six, they were operating on a wing and a prayer. 他们几乎没有甚么资金而且只有六名员工，却希望能够正常运作。
[wɪŋ] noun countable
take sb under your wing
■If you take someone under your wing, you start to protect and take care of them 呵护（某人）；庇护（某人）
• I was a bit lonely and fed up at the time and she took me under her wing. 那时我有点孤独和厌倦，她给了我很多关照。
[wɪŋ] verb informal
wing it
■to perform or speak without having prepared what you are going to do or say 即兴做；即兴发言
• I hadn't had time to prepare for the talk, so I just had to wing it. 我没时间准备发言，所以只好即兴发挥。
n. [天] 翼； [昆] 翅膀；飞翔；派别
 - ala, faction
vt. 使飞；飞过；空运；增加…速度；装以翼
 - lift, air transportation
vi. 飞行
 - to fly, fly away

Word: indecent
Front: indecent
[ɪnˈdi:snt] (托 16264/10322 -1)
Vocabulary: indecent
(once / 1570 pages)
adj
Things that are indecent are obscene, indelicate, or offensive in some way. If you run around the mall naked, you’ll get in trouble for indecent exposure!
Indecent describes things that are not decent — the prefix -in often means “not,” like how independent means “not dependent.” Decent things are morally sound, so indecent things are offensive. Swearing is considered indecent. Indecent often means rude. A joke might go over well with your friends but is considered indecent when told to a teacher. Not everyone will agree on what’s indecent, but we all agree that you should keep your clothes on at the mall.
WORD FAMILY
indecent: indecency, indecenter, indecently +/ decency: decencies/ decent: decency, decenter, decentest, decently, indecent / indecency: indecencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Of course, what is considered indecent language evolves as our cultures do, reflecting us back to ourselves through the taboos of the time.
Time(Dec 15, 2016)
Rollins was charged with two counts of indecent exposure and two counts of disorderly conduct.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Leonel Olmedo was cleared Monday after two hours of jury deliberations of one count of rape and two counts of indecent assault and battery.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 粗鄙的，猥亵的; 不适当的，不合适的; 不礼貌的; 不得体的
分布：下流的(75%)，不妥当的(25%)
→in-,不，非，decent,体面的，得体的。即不体面的，引申词义下流的，猥亵的。
adjective
IMMORAL 不道德的
■morally offensive, especially in a sexual way 下流的，有伤风化的；（尤指）猥亵的
• an indecent act/photograph 有伤风化的行为／照片
• She accused him of making indecent suggestions to her. 她指控他曾向自己作过下流暗示。
[ɪn'di:.sənt] adjective
NOT SUITABLE 不合适的
■not suitable or correct for a situation 不合适的，不适当的
• The premier left his residence with almost indecent haste following his resignation. 总理辞职后离开官邸时仓促得近乎失礼。
adj. 下流的；不礼貌的；不得体的
 - dirty, blue

Word: deconstruction
Front: deconstruction
[ˌdi:kənˈstrʌkʃn] (16364/24836)
Back: n. 解构，拆析（文学评论用语，指找出文本中自身逻辑矛盾或自我拆解因素，从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构）
分布：解构(94%)，拆析(文学评论用语(2%)，从而摧毁文本在人们心目中的传统建构)(2%)，指找出文本中自身逻辑矛盾或自我拆解因素(2%)
VERB
(哲学和文学评论中)解构，拆析(观点或文本)
In philosophy and literary criticism, to deconstruct an idea or text means to show the contradictions in its meaning, and to show how it does not fully explain what it claims to explain.
例：She sets up a rigorous intellectual framework to deconstruct various categories of film.她构建了一个缜密的智识框架来解构各种类型的电影。

Word: dandelion
Front: dandelion
[ˈdændɪlaɪən] (16227/21108 -1)
Back: n. [植]蒲公英
分布：蒲公英(100%)
→来自法语dent de lion, 即lion’s tooth. 因薄公英的叶子形如狮子的牙齿而得名。
US [-də-] noun countable
■a common small bright yellow wild flower which has a lot of long thin petals arranged in a circular pattern around a round centre 蒲公英
• The children took turns blowing the dandelion clock (= the mass of white threads to which the seeds are attached). 孩子们轮流吹蒲公英的绒毛头。
n. 蒲公英
 - taraxacum

Word: shuttered
Front: shuttered
[ˈʃʌtəd] (16272/17074)
Back: adj. 关上百叶窗的; 装有百叶窗的
分布：快门(82%)，百叶窗(15%)，装以遮门(1%)，停业(1%)，关上窗板(1%)
ADJ
关上百叶窗的
A shuttered window, room, or building has its shutters closed.
例：I opened a shuttered window...我打开了一扇百叶窗已合上的窗户。
例：Schools and government offices have been closed, and many shops remain shuttered.学校和政府办公楼都关闭了，许多商店的百叶窗也一直关着。
ADJ
装有百叶窗的
A shuttered window, room, or building has shutters fitted to it.
例：The stone-built property is in good condition, with a new tiled roof, shuttered windows and electric heating.这栋石砌房屋的条件很不错，有新铺的瓦片屋顶，装有百叶窗的窗户还有电力供暖系统。
例：...green-shuttered colonial villas.装有绿色百叶窗的殖民时期风格的别墅

Word: settled
Front: settled
[ˈsetld] (宝 16274/11281 -2)
Back: adj. 不变的，稳定的; 固定的; 妥; 停当
分布：固定的(44%)，稳定的(40%)，定居的(16%)
【反】nomadic（adj 游牧的）
US ['setˌ-] adjective
COMFORTABLE 舒适
[after verb]
■if you feel settled in a job, school, etc., you have become familiar with it and are comfortable and happy there 习惯的，舒适自在的（如果你在一个职业、学校等安顿下来，表示你熟悉之，对之感到舒适和快乐）
• Now that the children are settled at school, we don't really want to move again. 孩子们已经在学校里安定下来，我们确实不大想再搬家了。
• Although I worked there for over a year, I never really felt settled. 虽然我在那里已经工作一年多了，但我从未觉得真正安定下来。
UK ['set.ld] US ['setˌ-] adjective
HOME 家居
■living somewhere, especially permanently （尤指永久性地）定居，安家
• After many years of travelling around, we're now enjoying a more settled life. 多年游历之后，我们现在享受着一种较为稳定的生活。
UK ['set.ld] US ['setˌ-] adjective
QUIET 安静
■Settled weather is calm and unlikely to change. 稳定的（稳定的天气是平稳的，不太可能变化）
• It looks as if we are in for a settled spell this week. 看来这个星期天气似乎会比较稳定。
adj. 稳定的；固定的
 - steady, stable, standing, resisting, set
v. 解决；定居（settle的过去分词）
 - resolved

Word: buttress
Front: buttress
[ˈbʌtrəs] (宝 16275/16474 -1)
Vocabulary: buttress
(once / 1929 pages)
nv
You can buttress an argument with solid facts or your financial portfolio with safe investments. You may find that giving compliments to everyone you meet buttresses your popularity. To buttress is to sustain or reinforce.
A buttress is a structure that adds stability to a wall or building, and this innovation played a significant role in the evolution of architecture. Think of a medieval cathedral. It's an incredibly tall, open building filled with light from vast windows. Without buttresses supporting the walls and carrying the weight of the ceiling away from the building and down to the ground, this cathedral would be impossible. Picture this when you use buttress figuratively as a verb meaning to strengthen and support.
WORD FAMILY
buttress: buttressed, buttresses, buttressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rather than buttressing a moribund status quo, the left needs to place itself on the side of change.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Their trunks, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, were braced with massive buttresses and knees.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Biography plays a central role in all political campaigns, with candidates deploying their life stories to buttress their arguments.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 扶壁; 支撑物
vt. 支持，鼓励; 用扶壁支撑，加固
时态：buttressed, buttressing, buttresses
分布：支持(77%)，拱壁(18%)，扶墙(5%)
→来自butt, 相撞，相接。-ess, 通常为阴性后缀，此处为名词后缀，见largess, 慷慨。
扶墙(butt树桩;把柄)[-ress 1.表名词,指"女性"2.表名词,指"物品"]
【记】读：8trees。用8棵树来支撑一面墙－扶墙
【参】mattress（n 床垫），mat席子
【反】contravene（v 反驳；违反）
noun countable
■a structure made of stone or brick, which sticks out from and supports a wall of a building 撑墙，扶壁
['bʌt.rəs] verb transitive
■to build buttresses to support a building or structure 建扶壁加固
• It was decided to buttress the crumbling walls. 人们决定建造扶壁以支撑将要倒塌的墙。
■to make support for an idea or argument stronger by providing a good reason for it 支持（想法或论点）
• The arguments for change are buttressed by events elsewhere. 其他一些地方的事件肯定了关于变革的想法。
n. [建] 扶壁；拱壁；支撑物
 - support, upholder
vt. 支持；以扶壁支撑
 - encourage, second, back, carry, hand

Word: cacophony
Front: cacophony
[kəˈkɒfəni] (宝 16277/20572)
Vocabulary: cacophony
(once / 12548 pages)
n
A cacophony is a mishmash of unpleasant sounds, often at loud volume. It's what you'd hear if you gave instruments to a group of four-year-olds and asked them to play one of Beethoven's symphonies.
A cacophony is a jarring, discordant mix of sounds that have no business being played together. When the orchestra tunes up before a show, it sounds like a cacophony because each musician is playing a completely different tune, at different times, and at different volumes. Once the show begins, that cacophony had better turn into a melody, or audiences will demand a refund. This allegedly occurred during the first time Igor Stravinsky's score for the ballet "The Rite of Spring" was performed because its difficult composition and discordant tone was shocking.
WORD FAMILY
cacophony: cacophonic, cacophonies, cacophonous +/ cacophonous: cacophonously
USAGE EXAMPLES
By disrupting the time sequence, the misaligned circuit board created a cacophony of signals and blocked all communication with the missiles.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
Videos of the resulting cacophony are posted online.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
Not only did the Los Angeles sports terrain shift, but it did so with such dramatic force that the accompanying cacophony will be remembered forever.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 刺耳的声音，不和谐的声音
分布：杂音(54%)，刺耳的声音(46%)
→caco-, 糟糕的，坏的，词源同cack, 屎。-phone, 声音。
刺耳的声音(caco刺耳,坏+phony)[phon=sound,表示"声音"]
【记】caco读：卡壳，phony＝phone电话－卡壳电话－发出刺耳的声音
【参】euphonious（adj 声音好听的）；symphony（n 交响乐）
US [-'kɑ:.fə-] noun only singular
■an unpleasant mixture of loud sounds 刺耳嘈杂的声音；杂音
• What a cacophony! 多么刺耳的声音！
• As we entered the farmyard we were met with a cacophony of animal sounds. 我们一走进农家院，就听到各种动物嘈杂的声音。
n. 刺耳的音调；不和谐音
 - dissonance

Word: ground-based
Front: ground-based
[ɡ'raʊndb'eɪst] None
Back: adj. 陆基的; 以地面为基础的
分布：陆基(100%)
adj. 陆基的；以地面为基础的
 - landbased

Word: long-running
Front: long-running
[lɔŋ ˈrʌnɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 长期上演的; 连续上演很长时间的
分布：长期上演的(67%)，上演很长时间的(33%)
US ['lɑ:ŋ-] adjective [before noun]
■continuing for a long time 持久的，长久的
• a long-running musical 久演不衰的音乐剧
• their long-running dispute 他们之间由来已久的争端

Word: detest
Front: detest
[dɪˈtest] (托雅宝 16282/14523 -1)
Vocabulary: detest
(once / 492 pages)
v
If you detest something, you dislike it intensely. The word can apply to things and also to people. You might detest your ex-boyfriend and you might also detest rainy Mondays and broccoli.
Detest comes from the Middle French word détester, meaning "to curse, to call God to witness and abhor." Though the words detest and hate are interchangeable, the word hate is much more common, which has caused it to lose some of its hateful impact. Detest is used more sparingly, reserved for cases where no other word will do, where your feelings of dislike are so powerful that they need just the right word to sum them up.
WORD FAMILY
detest: detestable, detestation, detested, detesting, detests+/ detestable: detestablest, detestably/detestation: detestations/detested: detestedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He detests the president-elect’s belligerence, his immaturity, his kooky cabinet picks, his arrogant rejection of intelligence briefings.
Salon(Dec 25, 2016)
If Richard Sherman was on any other team, people here would detest him.
Seattle Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Nabokov was exasperated by Wilson’s fondness for Lenin and Russia, which Nabokov detested.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 憎恶，嫌恶，痛恨
时态：detested, detesting, detests
分布：厌恶(76%)，痛恨(24%)
→de-, 向下，强调。-test, 见证，词源同attest, contest.即诅咒，召唤上帝来见证不共戴天的仇恨，极端憎恶，原词义通用化。
嫌恶,憎恶(de不+test→不愿作证→嫌恶)[test=test,tuitness,表示"测试,证据"]
【记】de坏，test证明－证明是坏的－憎恶
【参】attest（v 证明，表明）；testify（v 证明；作证）
verb transitive not continuous
■to hate someone or something very much 憎恨，厌恶，讨厌
• I detest any kind of cruelty. 我厌恶任何形式的残暴。
• [+ -ing verb] I detest having to get up when it's dark outside. 我讨厌天还未亮就要起床。
• her detested older brother 她那令人讨厌的哥哥
vt. 厌恶；憎恨
 - hate, turn away from

Word: wager
Front: wager
[ˈweɪdʒə(r)] (雅 16279/21950 -1)
Vocabulary: wager
(once / 1042 pages)
nv
To wager is to bet: you might say to your fellow train passengers, "I'll wager ten dollars that we won't get to Chicago on time."
You can use the word wager as either a noun or a verb, to mean "place a bet" or "the amount of money being risked in a bet." So you could offer a wager at the poker table, or ask if anyone wants to wager on Monday's football game. Either way you use it, wager is a Middle English word that comes from the Old North French wage, "to pledge."
WORD FAMILY
wager: wagered, wagerer, wagering, wagers+/wagerer: wagerers
USAGE EXAMPLES
All they really want, he adds, is a slice of the estimated $95 billion in annual money wagered mostly illegally on sports in this country.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
And unlike Ford, they are largely wagering with other people’s money.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Therein lies the magic and mystery of one of the most misunderstood wagers: the show bet.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 赌金，赌注; 赌物; 赌博
vt. & vi. 打赌; 担保，保证
vt. 保证，担保; 下赌注
时态：wagered, wagering, wagers
分布：赌注(46%)，打赌(43%)，押注(11%)
→来自wage, 承诺，保证，引申义打赌，愿赌服输。
US [-dʒɚ] noun countable
■an amount of money that you risk in the hope of winning more, by trying to guess something uncertain, or the agreement that you make to take this risk; a bet 赌注；打赌
• She put a cash wager of £50 on the biggest horse race of the year. 她在本年度最大的赛马会上下了50英镑钞票的赌注。
• He tried to eat 50 hard-boiled eggs, for a wager. 他为了打赌试图吃下50个全熟的水煮蛋。
UK ['weɪ.dʒər] US [-dʒɚ] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to risk money by guessing the result of something 赌注；打赌
• [+ two objects] [+ (that)] I'll wager you £5 that they'll get there first. 我押五英镑跟你打赌他们会第一个到那里。
intransitive old-fashioned
■used to say that you are certain that something is true or will happen in the future 打包票；敢打赌
• [+ (that)] I'd wager (that) she's interested in you. 我敢肯定她对你感兴趣。
n. 赌注；赌博；赌物
 - stake, bet
vi. 打赌
 - lay, stake, make a bet
vt. 下赌注
 - back, ante

Word: woolly
Front: woolly
[ˈwʊli] (托 16278/11597 -1)
Back: adj. 羊毛的; 像羊毛的; 朦胧的
n. 羊毛制品; 羊
级别：woollier, woolliest
分布：羊(57%)，毛茸茸的(16%)，羊毛制的(14%)，羊毛制品(9%)，混乱不清楚的(4%)
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] adjective
OF WOOL 羊毛的
■made of wool, or made of something that looks like wool 羊毛制的；仿羊毛的
• a woolly hat/jumper 羊毛帽子／套衫
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] adjective
NOT CLEAR 不清楚的 disapproving
■Woolly ideas and reasoning are confused and not clear, and have not been considered carefully enough （想法等）不清楚的，模糊的，混乱的
• It's the woolly thinking behind the book that I find so infuriating. 这本书混乱的思路令我感到非常愤怒。
• I can't stand these woolly -headed/-minded liberals! 我真受不了那些头脑混乱的自由主义者！
(US also wooly) ['wʊl.i] noun countable old-fashioned informal
■a piece of clothing made from wool, especially a jumper 毛衣；毛料衣服；（尤指）羊毛套衣
adj. 羊毛的；模糊的；似羊毛的
 - fuzzy, dark, vague
n. 羊；毛织衣服
 - sheep, jumbuck

Word: fervently
Front: fervently
['fɜ:vəntlɪ] (16284/15178)
Vocabulary: fervently
(once / 1393 pages)
adv
If you fervently believe or feel something, then you believe or feel it strongly — with a lot of passion.
People feel fervently about a lot of things. A sports fan may be fervently supportive of a football or basketball team and go to every game. Many religious people fervently believe in a god. If you're extremely self-confident, you might fervently believe in yourself. This word means a lot of passion is present. If you feel blah about something, or you just like it a little, you don't fervently believe in it.
WORD FAMILY
fervent: fervency, ferventer, fervently +/fervency: fervencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eastern time believed fervently in filibusters and limited government.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Perhaps there will be a desire by previously unmotivated players to run a little harder, but Allardyce shouldn’t be judged too fervently on today’s performance.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Still, he finds himself fervently hoping Trump will reopen the coal fields and invest in technology to diminish the environmental damage.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 热烈地，热情地，强烈地
分布：热心地(60%)，热诚地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
热情的;热忱的;热烈的
A fervent person has or shows strong feelings about something, and is very sincere and enthusiastic about it.
例：...a fervent admirer of Morisot's work.摩里索作品热忱的欣赏者
例：...the fervent hope that matters will be settled promptly.对事情将迅速得到解决的热切希望
adv. 热心地；热诚地
 - enthusiastically, heart and hand

Word: roost
Front: roost
[ru:st] (托 16270/18729 -1)
Vocabulary: roost
(once / 1248 pages)
nv
A roost is a place where birds or bats can sleep or rest safely. Backyard chickens need a comfortable, secure roost to stay warm and rested.
You can use roost to mean the perch that birds stand on while resting, the structure that contains the perch, or even a random tree branch, in the case of a wild bird. As a verb, it means to sit or to rest: "The chickens began to roost for the evening." When someone says, "Chickens come home to roost," they mean that bad actions eventually have bad consequences. And if you "rule the roost," you're in charge.
WORD FAMILY
roost: roosted, rooster, roosting, roosts+/ rooster: roosters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Wooden and plastic foot molds, or “lasts,” hang from the ceiling like roosting bats.
Seattle Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Jim Bergens, property manager at the Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area, said the cranes require wetlands for roosting and nesting.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
Tastes have changed since Neil Simon ruled the Broadway roost, but he really did write wonderful comedies, and his autobiographical “Broadway Bound” still holds up.
Washington Post(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 栖木，鸡棚; （鸟类）栖息处; 歇息处
vi. 栖息; 过去事情的恶果显现出来; 自食恶果; 得到报应
时态：roosted, roosting, roosts
分布：栖息(47%)，栖木(18%)，栖息处(14%)，鸟窝(14%)，安歇(7%)
→来自古英语 hrost,禽鸟栖息处，来自 Proto-Germanic*hrodst,栖息。
【记】rooster（n 公鸡）在roost
noun countable
■a place, such as a branch of a tree, where birds rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
■when birds roost, they go somewhere to rest or sleep （鸟的）栖身处，栖木
[ru:st] verb intransitive
come back/ home to roost
■to return to cause problems 回报到自己身上，得到恶报
• All his earlier mistakes are coming home to roost. 他早些时候犯的那些错误都在都报应到他自己身上了。
n. 栖木；鸟窝；群栖的禽鸟
 - perch
vi. 栖息；安歇
 - perch

Word: subversion
Front: subversion
[səb'vɜ:ʃn] (16214/15731)
Vocabulary: subversion
(once / 5191 pages)
n
Subversion means overthrowing something, like a government or law, or it can mean corrupting someone’s personal morals, like making a vegetarian eat bacon by tricking her.
The Latin root subvertere means “to turn from below,” and when you turn something on its head in a sneaky way, that’s subversion. Imagine digging a hole in the ground, then covering the hole with a layer of sticks and leaves. When someone walks on it, they fall in. That’s the basic idea of subversion, attacking from below. People often use subversion to take down a corrupt government, and acts of subversion are a powerful way to protest injustice.
WORD FAMILY
subversion: countersubversion, subversions+/ subversive: subversively, subversiveness, subversives/ subvert: subversion, subversive, subverted, subverter, subverting, subverts/subverter: subverters
USAGE EXAMPLES
The party sees groups like his as potential Trojan horses of political subversion.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
On the Friday 23 December police confirmed they were investigating prominent Christian rights lawyer Jiang Tianyong on suspicion of “inciting subversion of state power”.
The Guardian(Dec 24, 2016)
Chinese lawyers abjectly confessing to subversion in show trials.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 颠覆（活动）; 破坏; 覆灭，瓦解
分布：颠覆(85%)，破坏(15%)
US [-'vɝ:-] formal
noun uncountable
■when someone tries to destroy or damage an established system or government （对制度或政府的）颠覆，倾覆
• He was found guilty of subversion and imprisoned. 他被判颠覆罪名成立，随后被关入监狱。
n. 颠覆；破坏
 - destruction, breaking, blasting

Word: virtuoso
Front: virtuoso
[ˌvɜ:tʃuˈəʊsəʊ] (宝 16288/16068 -1)
Vocabulary: virtuoso
(once / 3403 pages)
nadj
A virtuoso is an incredibly talented musician. You can also be a virtuoso in non-musical fields.
A politician who helps pass a lot of bills might be called a legislative virtuoso. A baseball player who hits a lot of home runs is a slugging virtuoso. Usually, this word applies to music. It's very common for a talented pianist or guitarist to be called a virtuoso. Whatever your talent, it's a huge compliment to be called a virtuoso.
WORD FAMILY
virtuoso: virtuosi, virtuosos
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s been a long time since I’ve seen a group of virtuoso dancers look as natural, as human, as Abraham’s company.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Several pieces from his years as an organ virtuoso practice a kind of sonic terrorism.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
And how the Belgian responded, delivering a virtuoso second-half performance crowned by that superb pass that led to Sterling's winner.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 艺术大师，演奏能手; 名家，艺术名家; 学者; 古董收藏家
adj. 艺术爱好者（或鉴赏家）的，行家里手的; 行家的
分布：演艺精湛的人(50%)，艺术能手(50%)
→来自virtuosity,高超技艺。
艺术名家,大师(virtue美德,技能+oso表示人→技能之人→大师)[vir=man,表示"男人"]
艺术大师(virtuous有美德的)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】virtu＝virtue（n 美德；优点），oso：音乐师
【反】beginner（n 初学者）
US [ˌvɝ:.tʃu'oʊ.soʊ] noun countable (plural virtuosos or virtuosi)
■a person who is extremely skilled at something, especially at playing an instrument or performing （尤指演奏乐器或表演的）名家，能手
• Famous mainly for his wonderful voice, Cole was also a virtuoso on the piano. 除了以动人的嗓音闻名之外，科尔还是一位钢琴大师。
UK [ˌvɜ:.tju'əʊ.səʊ] US [ˌvɝ:.tʃu'oʊ.soʊ] adjective [before noun]
■extremely skilled 熟练的；精湛的
• The Times critic described her dancing as 'a virtuoso performance of quite dazzling accomplishment'. 《泰晤士报》的评论家称她的舞蹈“表演精湛，造诣非凡”。

Word: mutate
Front: mutate
[mju:ˈteɪt] (宝 16289/21470 -1)
Vocabulary: mutate
(once / 2781 pages)
v
To mutate is to change, especially genetically. When plants mutate, their genes change in a way that makes them look, grow, or reproduce differently.
The word mutate comes up most often in biology, to describe the natural — or artificial — process of genetic change. If a scientist alters an animal’s DNA, for example, it mutates. Another way that scientists mutate organisms is in food production: often the genes in a plant are changed in a way that helps it resist insects or weeds, or makes it grow much larger than normal. The Latin root word of mutate is mutare, which simply means "to change."
WORD FAMILY
mutate: mutated, mutates, mutating, mutation +/ mutation: mutational, mutations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ebola is a complex and mutating pathogen, and no scientific triumph is ever final.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Some of the gametes might acquire a high load of these mutated mitochondria, leading to poor-quality tissues in the offspring.
Nature(Dec 19, 2016)
Genes that in people and other animals play a role in tooth production were mutated in sea horses and lost functionality.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使某物）变化; 改变; 突变; 变异
时态：mutated, mutating, mutates
分布：变异(60%)，突变(34%)，使突变(4%)，使变异(2%)
→来自拉丁语mutare,改变，词源同mutable.引申词义变异，突变。
变化,变异(mut+ate→变化)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
【记】mut变，ate一变化
【参】mutable（adj 易变的；性情不定的）
【反】remain the same（保持不变）；root（v 坚定不移；确立）
verb intransitive
■to develop new physical characteristics because of a permanent change in the genes. These changes can happen naturally or can be produced by the use of chemicals or radiation （遗传物质等）突变，变异
• These bacteria have mutated into forms that are resistant to certain drugs. 这些细菌已发生突变，对某些药物产生了抗药性。
■to change from one thing or type of thing into another 转变
• Jon has mutated from an awkward teenager into a sophisticated young man. 约翰从一个稚嫩的少年变成了一个久经世故的年轻男子。
vi. 变化，产生突变
 - vary, pass, change from
vt. 改变，使突变
 - influence, fashion, shift, vary, innovate

Word: all-night
Front: all-night
[ˈɔ:lˌnaɪt] None
Back: adj. 通宵的
分布：通宵的(60%)，通宵营业的(40%)
US [ˌɑ:l-] adjective [before noun]
■continuing all night 通宵的，彻夜的
• I haven't been to an all-night party since my college days. 大学时代过去后，我就再没有参加通宵派对。
adj. 通宵的；通宵营业的
 - nightlong, overnight

Word: burdensome
Front: burdensome
[ˈbɜ:dnsəm] (托 16292/21420)
Vocabulary: burdensome
(once / 3934 pages)
adj
Something that's burdensome is very difficult or tiring. It's better to weed your garden regularly, rather than put it off until it becomes an exhausting, burdensome task.
Some summer jobs are easy and relaxing, like your laid-back dog walking business — other jobs are much more burdensome, like babysitting a large family of kids or lifeguarding at a pool where people keep nearly drowning. Something that's a burden, a physical load or a duty that weighs heavily on you, is burdensome. The Proto-Indo-European root means "to bear" or "to carry," and also "to give birth."
WORD FAMILY
burdensome: burdensomely, burdensomeness+/ burden: burdened, burdening, burdenless, burdens, burdensome, disburden, overburden, unburden/disburden: disburdened, disburdening, disburdens/overburden: overburdened, overburdening, overburdens/unburden: unburdened, unburdening, unburdens
USAGE EXAMPLES
They include “burdensome” school lunch standards, tobacco regulations, laws that set higher wages for contractors and elements of the Paris climate-change agreement.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
Carrier also claimed last year that federal regulations stifled its profits and sent a list of energy efficiency rules it deemed burdensome to the IEDC.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Additional financial reporting requirements would be unnecessary and burdensome,” she said, because there are few examples of client trust accounts being misused.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adj. 繁重的，烦累的，难以承担的; 累赘
分布：累赘的(53%)，恼人的(26%)，负担的(21%)
【记】burden（n 担子；v 负担），some充满…的－充满负担的－繁重的
US ['bɝ:-] formal
adjective
■causing difficulties or work 麻烦的；沉重的，繁重的
• a burdensome task 繁重的任务
adj. 繁重的；累赘的；恼人的
 - heavy, onerous

Word: sauna
Front: sauna
[ˈsɔ:nə] (16280/12793 -1)
Vocabulary: sauna
(once / 26621 pages)
n
A sauna is a small therapeutic hot room. Some people use a sauna at the gym or pool, where they sit and relax, enjoying the cleansing heat. If there’s a separate steam room, then the sauna provides dry heat.
In many Scandinavian countries, saunas are very common — in Finland, it's not unusual to have a sauna in or attached to your house. People who enjoy saunas find the steam, usually created by pouring water onto hot rocks, to be very relaxing and to have health benefits as well. The word sauna is Finnish, used to refer to both the structure of the room and the steam bath itself.
WORD FAMILY
sauna: saunas
USAGE EXAMPLES
There is thought to be two million saunas in the country, bringing warmth to a population of 5.4 million.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Hauser, still shivering, eventually walked under his own power to the sauna.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
An indoor swimming pool in the basement is adjacent to a sauna and steam room.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 桑拿浴室，桑拿房; 桑拿，桑拿浴，蒸气浴
分布：桑拿浴(70%)，蒸汽浴(30%)
US ['saʊ-] noun countable
■(a period of time spent in) a room or small building, often with wood fixed to the walls, which is heated to a high temperature, usually with steam 三温暖，蒸汽浴；蒸气室；桑拿室
• have/go for/take a sauna 洗三温暖

Word: unattended
Front: unattended
[ˌʌnəˈtendɪd] (16293/14775)
Back: adj. 无人陪伴的; 无人出席的; 无人照顾的; 未被注意的
分布：无人出席的(38%)，没人照顾的(25%)，未被注意的(25%)，无陪伴的(12%)
adjective
■not being watched or taken care of 无人看管的；无人照料的
• Please do not leave your luggage unattended. 请不要丢下您的行李无人照管。
• According to the report, most accidents occur when young children are left unattended in the home. 根据报告，大多数事故发生在孩子被独自留在家里的时候。
adj. 无侍从的；没人照顾的，未被注意的；（会议等）无人出席的；（疾病）未治疗的；无伴的
 - unnoticed, unmarked

Word: lightness
Front: lightness
['laɪtnɪs] (16295/14295)
Back: n. 轻; 轻快; 轻率; 明亮
分布：轻(85%)，轻浮(5%)，光亮度(3%)，精巧(3%)，举止优雅(1%)，动作轻松迅速(1%)，无忧虑(1%)，颜色浅淡(1%)
noun uncountable
■the state of being light 轻；轻盈
n. 轻盈；轻松；明亮；（颜色）浅淡
 - ease, easiness

Word: invading
Front: invading
[inˈveidɪŋ] (16297/18463)
Back: v. 侵入，侵略( invade的现在分词 ); 涌入; 侵袭; 侵犯
分布：侵略(63%)，侵扰(14%)，拥入(12%)，侵害(11%)
VERB
武装入侵;侵略
To invade a country means to enter it by force with an army.
例：In autumn 1944 the allies invaded the Italian mainland at Anzio and Salerno...1944 年秋，盟军从安齐奥与萨勒诺攻入意大利本土。
例：The Romans and the Normans came to Britain as invading armies.罗马人以及诺曼人通过军事入侵来到英国。
VERB
(人、动物)大批进入,涌入
If you say that people or animals invade a place, you mean that they enter it in large numbers, often in a way that is unpleasant or difficult to deal with.
例：People invaded the streets in victory processions almost throughout the day...几乎一整天,大街上都挤满了欢庆胜利的游行队伍。
例：Every so often the kitchen would be invaded by ants.厨房常常会遭到大批蚂蚁的进犯。

Word: spotless
Front: spotless
[ˈspɒtləs] (托 16294/19332)
Back: adj. 极其清洁的; 一尘不染的; （人）无瑕疵的; 纯洁的
分布：无可挑剔的(40%)，无污点的(25%)，洁白无瑕的(15%)，无缺点的(10%)，非常洁净的(10%)
→spot,斑点，污迹，-less,无，没有。
US ['spɑ:t-] adjective
CLEAN 干净的
■extremely clean 一尘不染的；极清洁的
• Her home is spotless. 她的家里纤尘不染。
UK ['spɒt.ləs] US ['spɑ:t-] adjective
GOOD 好的
spotless character/record/reputation, etc.
■a very good and honest character, etc 没有任何污点的品德／记录／名誉等
• She was young and pretty, with a spotless reputation. 她年轻漂亮，声誉清白。
adj. 无可挑剔的；无瑕疵的；纯洁的
 - stainless, pure, white

Word: rousing
Front: rousing
[ˈraʊzɪŋ] (16300/19514)
Vocabulary: rousing
(once / 1479 pages)
adjn
If you've ever been "roused" out of your sleep by someone, then you'll have no trouble seeing that rousing refers to anything that gets you going, up on your feet, energized.
There's nothing like a rousing tournament of Twister to get you off your butt and into the game. Cheerleaders and rock stars are in the business of creating rousing spectacles. They want their audiences to get up on their feet, clap their hands, and get on the bandwagon. A good drinking song, too, is rousing, inspiring folks to clink their glasses, sway back and forth, and, well, keep drinking. Beethoven was a master of music that was thoughtful one minute and rousing the very next.
WORD FAMILY
rousing: rousingest, rousingly, rousings+/ rouse: roused, rouser, rouses, rousing /rouser: rousers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Well, like a lot of what Palmer says, this is smart and witty and rousing.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
Funny, rousing and poignant, it’s kind of film that multiple generations will value.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Except that Pratt’s space pod malfunctions, rousing him 90 years too early.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 充满活力[激情]的; 激励的，激动人心的
v. 醒来，唤醒( rouse的现在分词 ); 使…活跃起来[产生兴趣]
分布：使奋起的(44%)，使感动的(28%)，使醒的(14%)，动词rouse的现在分词形式.(14%)
adjective
■making people feel excited and proud or ready to take action 激动人心的，鼓舞人心的；激励人（行动）的
• We sang a last rousing chorus of the national anthem. 我们一起合唱国歌中激动人心的最后一节。
• She delivered a rousing speech full of anger and passion. 她发表了义愤填膺、慷慨激昂的演讲。
adj. 活泼的；使奋起的；使感动的
 - alive, lively, activated
v. 唤醒；激怒；唤起（rouse的ing形式）
 - exciting, invoking

Word: upsetting
Front: upsetting
[ʌpˈsetɪŋ] (16298/18420 -K)
Back: n. 缩锻; 镦锻; 镦（粗）; 倾复
adj. 令人心烦意乱的令人苦恼的
v. 打翻，弄翻( upset的现在分词 ); 打乱; 推翻; 使苦恼
分布：令人心烦意乱的(40%)，令人苦恼的(40%)，动词upset的现在分词形式.(20%)
US [-'setˌ-] adjective
■making someone feel worried, unhappy or angry 令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼或愤怒的
• Seeing her again would be an upsetting experience after so many years. 时隔这么多年再见到她将是一次令人不快的经历。
adj. 令人心烦意乱的，令人苦恼的
 - mind-numbing, thorny
n. 缩锻，镦锻；倾复，倒转
 - inversion, backdraft

Word: tote
Front: tote
[təʊt] (13325/24669 -1)
Vocabulary: tote
(once / 3617 pages)
vn
A tote is a bag or basket used to carry things. Toting also refers to lugging things around.
If you ever go to a conference, there's a good chance you might be given a tote, which is also known as a tote bag. Totes help people carry around conference materials, and they can be used to carry all sorts of things, including clothes for a trip or groceries at the store. Also, carrying things around is called toting. Usually, toting refers to carrying things around with difficulty. A giant box is hard to tote around.
WORD FAMILY
tote: toted, toter, totes, toting+/toter: toters
USAGE EXAMPLES
Speaking of “It’s Always Sunny in Philadelphia,” this totes inappropes sitcom is back for a 12th season.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
While shooting the movie, Gerwig toted around a copy of Susan Sontag’s book “On Photography” or the ’70s feminist essay anthology “Sisterhood Is Powerful.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Surgery was successful, but his lungs collapsed twice, and now he totes an oxygen pack with tubes that snake past his signature mustache.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 手提，携带; 背负; 合计; 搬运
n. 手提; 负担; 总额; 装运物
时态：toted, toting, totes
分布：手提(49%)，携带(25%)，搬运(19%)，装载(7%)
US [toʊt] verb transitive informal
■to carry something, especially something heavy or awkward 携带，搬运，背负（尤指重物或不便之物）
• She usually toted the baby around in a backpack. 她通常把婴儿放在背袋里，背着到处走。
• The building was surrounded with bodyguards toting sub-machine guns. 大楼周围有很多手持冲锋枪的卫兵。
• Gun -toting security men were posted at all the entrances. 所有的入口处都部署了配枪保安人员。
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
RACING 比赛
the tote
only singular specialized
■a system of putting bets on horses or dogs in a race （赛马或赛狗的）赌金计算系统
UK [təʊt] US [toʊt] noun
BAG 袋
countable
■a tote bag 大手提包，大手提袋
vt. 手提；携带；背负；合计
 - sum, hand carry
n. 手提；负担；总数；装载；拖
 - burden, loading, weight, sum, strain

Word: dialog
Front: dialog
['daɪəlɒg] (研四六 16198/29502)
Vocabulary: dialog
(once / 17180 pages)
n
If the dialog in a movie doesn't ring true, it can affect the way you feel about the whole story. Dialog is any conversation in a book, film or play.
Dialog is more commonly spelled dialogue, but either way it means "lines spoken by a character" or a conversation, either between fictional characters or real people. You might have a dialog with your boss if you're unhappy with your work hours and want to sit down and discuss your schedule. Dialog comes straight from the Greek dialogos with pretty much the same meaning, although it was originally used to mean a very formal type of speech or conversation.
WORD FAMILY
dialog: dialogs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Whether this differential impact on the U.S. is intended or not by the participants in such policy dialogs is unclear and somewhat irrelevant.
Slate(Dec 02, 2016)
Cudos to E Badger for this dialog and, as I see it, an accounting of the demise of my country.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
He predicts that within perhaps two years, people and bots powered by artificial intelligence will conduct complex dialogs.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 会话，对话; 问答，对白; 问答题，对话体; “dialogue”的变体
v. 对话; 用对话表达
分布：对话(99%)，对白(1%)
n.(dialogue)对话,对白In the college, I alleged that I recollected the dialog in dialect about the dial collection.在学院里我宣称忆起关于收集到度盘用方言进行的对话.
n. 对话；会话
 - conversation, sesion

Word: incessantly
Front: incessantly
[ɪn'sesntlɪ] (16301/19207)
Vocabulary: incessantly
(once / 942 pages)
adv
Use the adverb incessantly to describe an action that continues or repeats without interruption. The neighbor's dog might bark incessantly in the morning, causing you to complain incessantly about the noise.
The word incessantly usually indicates that there's something slightly irritating about whatever is happening. The person sitting next to you at the library might be incessantly drumming her fingers on the table. Your little sister might be incessantly singing Disney songs during a long car ride. On the other hand, incessantly can have a more positive meaning, indicating determination or drive. If you work incessantly to prepare for a big presentation, that’s a good thing!
WORD FAMILY
incessant: incessancy, incessanter, incessantly, incessantness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will no doubt repeat this attack incessantly during his campaign for the national elections, scheduled for March 15th.
Economist(Dec 10, 2016)
The results in “Tower” are extremely liquid, with each line incessantly ebbing and flowing, creating a vivid sense of life.
New York Times(Oct 11, 2016)
You know how when people are nervous and they talk incessantly?
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 不断地，不停地; 接连不断; 连绵不断; 不已
分布：不间断地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
不停的;连续的;持续不断的
An incessant process or activity is one that continues without stopping.
例：...incessant rain.阴雨连绵
例：...his incessant demands for affection.他对感情的不断索取
adv. 不停地，不间断地
 - ceaselessly, uninterruptedly

Word: diagonally
Front: diagonally
[daɪ'æɡənəlɪ] (托 16290/14901)
Back: adv. 对角线地，斜线地
分布：对角地(50%)，斜对地(50%)
ADJ
斜的;对角的
A diagonal line or movement goes in a sloping direction, for example, from one corner of a square across to the opposite corner.
例：...a pattern of diagonal lines.斜纹图案
N-COUNT
斜线
A diagonal is a line that goes in a sloping direction.
例：The bed linen is patterned in stylish checks, stripes, diagonals and triangles.床单有漂亮的方格形、条纹、斜纹和三角形图案。
N-COUNT
(几何学中的)对角线
In geometry, a diagonal is a straight line that joins two opposite corners in a flat four-sided shape such as a square.
例：Mark five points an equal distance apart along the diagonals.在对角线上等距地标出5点。
adv. 对角地；斜对地
 - cornerways, arrisways

Word: gelatin
Front: gelatin
[ˈdʒelətɪn] (16256/43200)
Back: n. 凝胶，白明胶
分布：明胶(78%)，凝胶(18%)，动物胶(4%)
→词源同cold, jelly. 即因冷而凝固的胶状物质。
n. [有化] [胶粘] 明胶；动物胶；胶制品
 - isinglass, jelutong

Word: urinary
Front: urinary
[ˈjʊərɪnəri] (16218/17478 -1)
Back: adj. 尿的; 泌尿器的; 泌尿的
n. 小便池
分布：尿的(100%)
→词源同urine, 尿。
US ['jʊr.ɪ.ner-] adjective
■relating to urine or to the parts of the body which produce and carry urine 尿的；泌尿的；泌尿器官的
• urinary tract infections 尿路感染
n. 尿壶；小便池（等于urinal）
 - jordan, pissoir
adj. [生理] 尿的；泌尿的
 - uric, uretic

Word: duality
Front: duality
[dju:ˈæləti] (16188/24714)
Vocabulary: duality
(once / 8653 pages)
n
As hinted at by the word "dual" within it, duality refers to having two parts, often with opposite meanings, like the duality of good and evil.
If there are two sides to a coin, metaphorically speaking, there's a duality. Peace and war, love and hate, up and down, and black and white are dualities. Another term for a duality is a dichotomy. Duality has technical meanings in geometry and physics. In geometry, duality refers to how points and planes have interchangeable roles in projective geometry. In physics, duality is the property of matter and electromagnetic radiation to be understood best through wave theory or particle theory.
WORD FAMILY
duality: dualities+/ dual: dualism, duality, dually/dualism: dualisms, dualist, dualistic/dualist: dualists/dualistic: dualistically
USAGE EXAMPLES
I think it’s the composition and duality of the photograph that moved so many people.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
The stretch of inactivity showcased something else about Jackson: his maddening duality.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
But that duality is false: “In fact, they are perpetually passing into one another. . . . There is no wholly masculine man, no purely feminine woman.”
The New Yorker(Nov 15, 2016)
Back: n. 二元性
分布：二元性(83%)，两重性(17%)
二重的性(dual+ity)[du,dub,doub=two,表示"二,双"]
US [du:'æl.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the state of combining two different things 双重性，二元性
• His poems reveal the duality of his nature, the joy and hope, the fear and despair. 他的诗揭示了他的双重本性，既有欢乐且充满希望的一面，又有恐惧失望的一面。

Word: wandering
Front: wandering
['wɒndərɪŋ] (16302/18757)
Back: adj. 漫游的; 闲逛的; （精神）恍惚的; 错乱的
n. 流浪; 神志恍惚; 精神错乱
v. 漫游( wander的现在分词 ); 走神; 神志恍惚; （思想）开小差
分布：漫游(69%)，漫游的(19%)，偏离正轨(4%)，流离的(4%)，动词wander的现在分词.(4%)
ADJ
流浪的;漂泊的
Wandering is used to describe people who travel around rather than staying in one place for a long time.
例：...a band of wandering musicians.一群漂泊的音乐人
adj. 流浪的；漫游的，徘徊的；蜿蜒的
 - ragamuffinly, migratory
n. 闲逛；离题；神志恍惚
 - fooling around, off the point
v. 漫游；闲逛（wander的ing形式）
 - gallivanting

Word: bash
Front: bash
[bæʃ] (9629/11519 -2)
Vocabulary: bash
(once / 4251 pages)
1vn 2n
To bash is to hit something hard. You might stand up suddenly on a sailboat and bash your head on the mast.
Marching band drummers bash their drums with mallets, and terrible drivers bash their bumpers into trees. You can also figuratively bash another person by saying terribly critical things about her. When bash is a noun, it means either "a hard hit or blow," or "a loud, festive party:" "Welcome to my bash! Don't bash your head on the piñata."
WORD FAMILY
bash: bashed, bashes, bashing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Onlookers donning oversized 2017 eyeglasses and green Statue of Liberty hats were screened by police Saturday afternoon ahead of the midnight bash.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In his campaign, Trump relentlessly bashed trade agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement, or NAFTA; Congress is full of Republican free-trade advocates.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Now is not the time to bash him,” Filfred said, “because I need him.”
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 痛击，猛击; 严厉批评; 怒殴
vi. 严厉地，威胁地批评指责
n. 重击，猛撞; 痛快的玩乐[消遣]; <英方>尝试
时态：bashed, bashing, bashes
分布：狂欢(36%)，重击(31%)，怒殴(17%)，猛烈的一击(11%)，猛烈抨击(5%)
→拟声词。
verb
HIT 撞击
intransitive or transitive informal
■to hit hard 猛撞；猛击
• He bashed his arm against a shelf. 他的手臂猛地撞在了架子上。
• I could hear her bashing away on a typewriter (= hitting the keys loudly). 我能听见她重重地敲击打字机键盘的声音。
[bæʃ] verb
CRITICIZE 批评
transitive
■to criticize someone severely 严厉批评，猛烈抨击
• He kept bashing local government officials. 他不停地抨击当地政府官员员。
[bæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  bash on UK informal
■to continue doing something that is difficult, boring or takes a long time 坚持奋战；继续奋斗
• Oh well, that's enough chatting. I suppose I'd better bash on with this essay. 好吧，聊够了。我想我要继续写这篇文章了。
[bæʃ] noun
HIT 撞击
countable usually singular informal
■a hit 猛击；痛打
• a bash on the head 猛击头部
[bæʃ] noun
PARTY 派对
countable informal
■a party 派对
• He had a big bash for his 18th birthday. 他办了一场盛大的派对，庆祝自己的18岁生日。
[bæʃ] noun
ATTEMPT 尝试
have a bash UK informal
■to try to do something you have not done before 试试看
• I've never been skiing before, but I'm prepared to have a bash (at it). 我以前从来没有滑过雪，但是我打算要试一试。
vt. 猛击，痛击；怒殴
 - jab at, lash out
n. 猛烈的一击，痛击
 - swashing blow, oner

Word: schoolyard
Front: schoolyard
[ˈsku:ljɑ:d] (16304/41777)
Back: n. 校园，运动场
分布：校园(91%)，运动场(9%)
US [-jɑ:rd] mainly US
noun countable
■an outside area next to a school where children can play games or sport when they are not studying 校园，操场
n. 校园；运动场
 - campus, playground

Word: interfaith
Front: interfaith
[ˈɪntəfeɪθ] (16266/-)
Back: adj. 不同宗教信仰者（间）的，不同宗教团体（间）的
分布：不同宗教信仰者的(60%)，多种信仰的(40%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，faith,信仰。
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
■relating to activities involving members of different religions 不同宗教信仰者（间）的
• interfaith prayers/services/relations 不同宗教信仰者的祷告／礼拜／关系

Word: student-athlete

Word: earshot
Front: earshot
[ˈɪəʃɒt] (宝 16303/19880)
Back: n. 听力所及的范围; 耳听区; 可听距离
分布：听力所及之范围(75%)，声音所及的距离(25%)
【记】ear耳，shot射程
US ['ɪr.ʃɑ:t] noun uncountable
■the range of distance within which it is possible to be heard or to hear what someone is saying 听力可及的范围；可听距离
• I don't think you should say anything while the boss is still in/within earshot. 我觉得，老板还没走远的时候你应该甚么也别说
• Wait till she's out of earshot before you say anything. 等她走远听不见了，你再说也不迟。

Word: weariness
Front: weariness
['wɪərɪnəs] (托 16291/16129)
Vocabulary: weariness
(once / 693 pages)
n
Weariness is a temporary feeling of low energy and tiredness. Most people feel weariness after a long day of work. Marathons, babysitting small children, standardized tests, and getting old can also cause weariness.
When you're weary, you're tired. Put a –ness at the end of the word to make a noun, and viola! weariness is the condition of feeling tired or fatigued. In fact, the familiar French loan word fatigue means “weariness.” Physical work (like helping someone move) or mental work (like reading a difficult book) can make you experience weariness. If a busy schedule is making you feel a general sense of weariness, it’s time for a vacation.
WORD FAMILY
weariness: wearinesses+/overweary: overwearied, overwearying/unwearied: unweariedly/unweary: unwearily, unwearyingly/wearied: unwearied, weariedly/ wearisome: wearisomely, wearisomest/ weary: overweary, unweary, wearied, wearier, wearies, weariest, wearily, weariness, wearisome, wearying, wearyingly/wearying: unwearying
USAGE EXAMPLES
R&B weariness and exhaustion gradually coalesces into outright dissent.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
"It's not a question of what happens to the Negro," Baldwin says, a look of inexpressible weariness crossing his face.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 08, 2016)
The young generation of Putin’s critics may wear an overcoat of cynicism, weariness and abstraction, but they possess a diamond-hard belief in change.
The Guardian(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. 疲倦; 困乏; 消沉; 厌倦
分布：疲倦(44%)，厌倦(28%)，疲劳(28%)
ADJ-GRADED
疲倦的;疲劳的
If you are weary, you are very tired.
例：Rachel looked pale and weary.雷切尔看起来脸色苍白，疲惫不堪。
例：...a weary traveller...疲惫不堪的旅行者
ADJ-GRADED
不再感兴趣的;感到厌烦的
If you are weary of something, you have become tired of it and have lost your enthusiasm for it.
例：They're getting awfully weary of this silly war...他们越来越厌烦这场无聊的战争。
例：She was weary of being alone.她厌倦了独处。
VERB
（使）厌倦；（使）失去热情
If you weary of something or it wearies you, you become tired of it and lose your enthusiasm for it.
例：The public had wearied of his repeated warnings of a revolution that never seemed to start...他一再预警的革命迟迟没有开始，公众已对此感到厌倦。
例：He had wearied of teaching in state universities...他已经厌烦了在州立大学教书。
n. 疲倦，疲劳；厌倦
 - fatigue, tiredness

Word: high-resolution
Front: high-resolution
[ˌhaɪ ˈrez] None
Back: [医]高分辨
分布：高清晰度的(50%)，高分辨率的(50%)
→high,高，resolution,决心，分辨率。

Word: downstairs
Front: downstairs
[ˌdaʊnˈsteəz] (中高研四 5467/4046 -K)
Vocabulary: downstairs
(once / 517 pages)
adjadv
Something that's downstairs is located below you, down at least one flight of stairs on a lower floor. Your downstairs bathroom is the one on the first floor of your house.
If your baseball breaks a neighbor's downstairs window, it means you hit the ball low, and when your friend says you can stay in his downstairs bedroom, you'll be sleeping on the lowest floor of his house. Downstairs is also an adverb, so you can run downstairs or trip and fall downstairs. Occasionally people also use it as a noun: "The downstairs is a mess, but we painted all of the rooms upstairs."
WORD FAMILY
downstairs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four days later, after being allowed a fleeting meeting with Pan, he was blindfolded and escorted back downstairs into The Residence’s garage.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
After lunch, Mr. Trump invited the Indonesians to join him downstairs for a campaign news conference, they said.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Koa Farmer raced downstairs and into the garage dressed only in his underwear.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adv. 在楼下; 向[往]楼下
adj. 楼下的
分布：楼下(59%)，在楼下(22%)，楼下的(18%)，向楼下(1%)
ad.在楼下,往楼下We went downstairs from the kitchen to the cellar.我们从厨房走到楼下地下室.
US [-'sterz] adverb
 ADVANCED
■to or on a lower floor of a building, especially the ground floor 朝楼下，在楼下（尤指一层）
• I went downstairs to answer the phone. 我下楼去接电话。
Compare upstairs
adv. 在楼下
 - belowstairs

Word: citywide
Front: citywide
['sɪtɪwaɪd] (16308/-)
Back: adj. 全市的，全市性的
分布：全市的(60%)，全市性的(40%)
US ['sɪtˌ-] UK [ˌ--'-] mainly US
adjective adverb
■existing or happening in all parts of the city 全市范围的（地）
• a citywide outbreak of crimes against vehicles 全市范围内车辆犯罪的激增
• This office is one of forty-six citywide. 这是全市46个办事处中的一个。

Word: stoic
Front: stoic
['stəʊɪk] (宝 16316/33160)
Vocabulary: stoic
(once / 2436 pages)
adjn
Being stoic is being calm and almost without any emotion. When you're stoic, you don't show what you're feeling and you also accept whatever is happening.
The noun stoic is a person who's not very emotional. The adjective stoic describes any person, action, or thing that seems emotionless and almost blank. Mr. Spock, from the oldest Star Trek show, was a great example of a stoic person: he tried to never show his feelings. Someone yelling, crying, laughing, or glaring is not stoic. Stoic people calmly go with the flow and don't appear to be shook up by much.
WORD FAMILY
stoic: stoical, stoically, stoics+/stoical: stoicism / stoicism: stoicisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
In some scenes, Hens achieves a kind of middle tone, where, while still producing little horrors, he remains stoic, or reticent.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Venables played at Kansas State and began his coaching career there under Bill Snyder, one of the more stoic coaches in the game.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
They were the stoic dudes keeping it together to Prince’s histrionic grace.
The New Yorker(Dec 27, 2016)
Stoic
(once / 4317 pages)
adjn
In Athens around 300 BC, Zeno of Citium founded a school of philosophy called Stoicism, and a person who followed the idea was called a Stoic. The main goal of a Stoic was to avoid unnecessary emotions.
Stoics believed that certain feelings, like joy and sorrow, were destructive to people and should be avoided and that a virtuous life could result in peace and harmony with nature. The adjective Stoic describes something that relates to this particular school of philosophy. Major Stoic philosophers included Marcus Aurelius and Seneca the Younger. Stoic is always capitalized.
WORD FAMILY
Stoic: Stoics
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Stoics recommended “the premeditation of evils,” or deliberately visualizing the worst-case scenario.
New York Times(Aug 04, 2012)
The Stoics were really writing and thinking about one thing: how to live.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
But there’s a way to deal with fear and anxiety that neuroscientists, the ancient Stoics and mindfulness experts all agree on.
Time(Oct 25, 2016)
Back: n. 禁欲主义者，恬淡寡欲的人，不以苦乐为意的人
adj. 坚忍的，苦修的
分布：斯多葛学派的(30%)，禁欲主义者(20%)，禁欲的(15%)，坚忍克己之人(15%)，坚忍克己的(10%)，斯多葛派人士(10%)
→来自拉丁语 stoicus,来自希腊语 stoikos,斯多葛学派，来自 stoa,门廊，走廊，来自 sta,站 立，词源同 stand.该学派为古希腊哲学家 Zeno 创立的一个以苦修和朴素著称的学派，因 Zeno 于门廊讲学而得名。
坚忍克己之人(来自古希腊斯多噶哲学派,主张以苦为乐[-ic 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人或学科"3.表名词"某种病"]
【记】斯多葛派学者是希腊哲学学校的成员，他们认为：人不应为情感所动，而是把各种事情当作神意的不可避免的结果来坦然地接受
US ['stoʊ-] slightly formal
adjective (also stoical)
■determined not to complain or show your feelings, especially when something bad happens to you 克制感情的；（尤指面对逆境）坚忍的，隐忍的
• We knew she must be in pain, despite her stoic attitude. 尽管她非常坚忍，但我们知道她一定很痛苦。
• He showed a stoic resignation towards his fate. 他在命运面前表现得听天由命，隐忍顺从。
• Local people were stoical about the damage caused by the hurricane. 当地居民默默承受飓风造成的破坏。
UK ['stəʊ.ɪk] US ['stoʊ-] slightly formal
noun countable
■someone who does not complain or show their emotions 恬淡寡欲者；克制感情的人
• My father is a stoic by nature and found it hard to express his grief when my mother died. 我父亲天生隐忍克制，我母亲去世时他很难表露自己的悲伤之情。

Word: irrigate
Front: irrigate
[ˈɪrɪgeɪt] (高研托宝 16313/26536 -1)
Vocabulary: irrigate
(once / 774 pages)
v
To irrigate is to supply with water, usually with ditches and channels that allow the water to flow.
Irrigating is a type of watering that is important in one field in particular: farming. If a farmer has a huge number of crops, you can see how getting water to them could be difficult. The farmer irrigates by digging little channels that allow hard-to-reach spots to receive water. If there is a drought, irrigating will have to happen often to save the crops. People with large gardens might need to irrigate as well. Irrigating waters plants, keeping them alive.
WORD FAMILY
irrigate: irrigated, irrigates, irrigating, irrigation +/ irrigation: irrigations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Most of America’s baby greens are grown in irrigated fields in the Salinas Valley, in California.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The project is led by Bart Stevens, a research agronomist in irrigated cropping systems who works for the U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Like the bazaar, about a mile to the south, the patrol base was situated just outside the irrigated cropland, at the edge of the steppe.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 灌溉; 冲洗（伤口）; 使清新
vi. 灌溉; 冲洗
时态：irrigated, irrigating, irrigates
分布：灌溉(98%)，进行灌溉(2%)
→ir-,进入，使，-rig,雨，词源同rain.即使下雨，引申语义灌溉。拼写比较fain,main.
vt.灌溉,修水利vi.进行灌溉The rotary agitator irrigated him.旋转的鼓动者可灌溉的他.
verb transitive
SUPPLY WATER 供水
■to supply land with water so that crops and plants will grow 灌溉
• irrigated land/fields 经灌溉的土地
['ɪr.ɪ.geɪt] verb transitive
WASH 洗 specialized
■to wash an injured part of a person's body, especially a cut, with a flow of liquid 冲洗（尤指伤口）
vt. 灌溉；冲洗；使清新
 - syringe
vi. 灌溉；冲洗
 - douche

Word: redden
Front: redden
[ˈredn] (16258/23074)
Vocabulary: redden
(once / 1200 pages)
v
When something reddens, its color changes so that it looks red. In autumn, the leaves on some trees redden before they fall to the ground.
If the sky reddens at dusk, you might remember the rhyme "red sky at night, sailor's delight." Pale people redden too, when they blush or flush with embarrassment. A child coloring a picture with crayons might redden the sky and shade the trees blue and purple. The Old English root, meaning "become red," is readian.
WORD FAMILY
redden: reddened, reddening, reddens+/ red: redded, redden, redder, reddest, reddish, redly, redness, reds/redness: rednesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mama hastily placed a napkin on the spot, and when she raised the reddened napkin, I remembered her blood on the stairs.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
She kept mewling and shivering, as she rubbed and rubbed the soapy washcloth against her face and neck until they reddened.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Trump, reddening, shouts: “What else? Of the United States!”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）变红
vi. （由于羞愧、愤怒、天气热等）脸变红
时态：reddened, reddening, reddens
分布：脸红(100%)
→来自 red,红色的，-en,使。
verb intransitive or transitive
■If something reddens, it becomes or is made more red than it was （使）变红；（使）发红
• His face reddened with embarrassment. 他窘得满脸通红。
vi. 变红；脸红
 - go red
vt. 使变红
 - ruddy

Word: Darwinian
Front: Darwinian
[dɑː(r)'wɪniən] (16307/17290)
Vocabulary: Darwinian
(once / 6221 pages)
nadj
Use Darwinian to describe something that relates to the scientist Charles Darwin or his "survival of the fittest" theory of evolution.
A naturalist who studies evolution and natural selection — scientific theories that were first developed in the 1800's by Charles Darwin — might call herself a Darwinian. The work and writing of Darwin himself are also called Darwinian, particularly evolution. Likewise, anything that resembles the process of natural selection or "survival of the fittest" itself, like a competition in which only the strongest athletes make it to the finish line, is commonly described as Darwinian.
WORD FAMILY
Darwinian: Darwinianly, Darwinians, neo-Darwinian+/Darwin: Darwinian, Darwins
USAGE EXAMPLES
He says, “There is a Darwinian mind-set that the addicts got themselves into this, why are we rescuing them over and over?”
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Eighteen months before they shot the singing scene, they remained uncommitted; they decided to “let it be Darwinian,” Miller said.
The New Yorker(Dec 22, 2016)
More than Mr. Trump, what worries businesses here is simply surviving the Darwinian competition of global commerce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 进化论者；达尔文主义者
adj. 达尔文的；达尔文学说的
分布：达尔文学说的(34%)，达尔文的(33%)，进化论者(22%)，达尔文学徒(11%)
n. 达尔文主义者；进化论者
 - evolutionist

Word: indiscriminate
Front: indiscriminate
[ˌɪndɪsˈkrɪmɪnət] (16321/14046 -1)
Vocabulary: indiscriminate
(once / 1545 pages)
adj
Nuclear bombs are indiscriminate, as are earthquakes. They affect everyone in their path rather than picking or choosing. When something is indiscriminate, it makes no fine distinctions.
A dog who eats everything could be said to have indiscriminate taste. If you walk into a store and buy the first pair of pants in your size, no matter what they look like, you are an indiscriminate shopper. Usually though, you'll hear the word used to describe violent acts or natural events because these things do not have a specific target. They affect all people without considering the differences in their lives.
WORD FAMILY
indiscriminate: indiscriminately, indiscriminatingly+/ discriminate: discriminable, discriminated, discriminately, discriminates, discriminating, discriminatingly, discrimination, discriminative, discriminator, discriminatory, indiscriminate / discriminating: indiscriminating, undiscriminating/ discrimination: discriminations, non-discrimination/discriminative: discriminatively/discriminator: discriminators/discriminatory: discriminatorily/undiscriminating: undiscriminatingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In October of 1992, heavily armed military police stormed the penitentiary to quell a riot, spurring charges of indiscriminate killing by authorities.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Mosul’s Sunnis long complained that the Shiite-dominated security forces treated them with suspicion and targeted them in indiscriminate crackdowns.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There is no indiscriminate bombing or shelling of apartment buildings; no executions of women and children; no mass disappearances of men.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: adj. 不加选择的，不分青红皂白的; 随意的，任性的，任意的; 眼内无珠; 汗漫不可收拾
分布：不加选择的(51%)，不加区别的(33%)，任意的(16%)
→in-,不，非，discriminate,有选择的，有鉴别的。
【记】discriminate（v 歧视；区别待遇）
【反】fastidious（adj 难取悦的；苛求的）
adjective
■not showing careful thought or planning, especially so that harm results 不加思考的，未加计划的，任意的（尤指带来不良后果）
• an indiscriminate terrorist attack on civilians 对平民肆意的恐怖袭击
• The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems. 滥用化肥可能导致长期的问题。
adj. 任意的；无差别的；不分皂白的
 - random, arbitrary

Word: co-chair

Word: rapture
Front: rapture
[ˈræptʃə(r)] (六托 16318/19620)
Vocabulary: rapture
(once / 430 pages)
n
Rapture is a feeling of emotional ecstasy so magical it's almost as if you've been transported to some other world.
Coming to us from an old French word meaning "carried away," rapture certainly involves getting swept off to Shangri-La. It's happiness so extreme that you just about float to heaven, complete with big goofy grin plastered to your face. Traditionally reserved for those feeling spiritual ecstasy, rapture now extends to anyone feeling overwhelmed my emotion — sparked by everything from a passionate kiss to scoring an awesome dress on sale.
WORD FAMILY
rapture: enrapture, raptures, rapturous +/ enrapture: enraptured, enraptures, enrapturing/ rapturous: rapturously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The offenders stole a CD from Rapture in Witney, Oxfordshire, and one of them knocked into the victim as they fled.
BBC(Dec 18, 2016)
She collapses the distinction between terror and rapture.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
When the fervent Roman Catholic responds to terrorist violence, he often does so in the lofty language of religious rapture.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 极度欢喜
vt. 使…狂喜
分布：狂喜(92%)，使狂喜(8%)
→来自 rapt,全神贯注的，-ure,名词后缀。比喻用法。
狂喜,着迷(rapt+ure)[Rap,rapt,rav=snatch,表示"捕,夺"]
US [-tʃɚ] noun
uncountable
■extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement 狂喜；欢天喜地；兴高采烈
• He listened to the music with an expression of pure rapture on his face. 他听着音乐，脸上一副陶醉的样子。
• The prime minister's supporters greeted her speech with rapture. 首相的演讲赢得了支持者们阵阵热烈的欢呼。
raptures [plural]
■an expression of extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement 欣喜若狂；狂喜的表示；欢呼
• She went into raptures at the news of her success. 听到自己成功的消息，她欣喜若狂。
• She was in raptures about/over her first visit to Paris. 这是第一次去巴黎，她高兴得欢呼雀跃。
enjoyment, joy, pleasure, fun, rapture, dlight
这组词都有“愉快、快乐、高兴”的意思，其区别是：
enjoyment: 比pleasure, joy和delight的语气轻，但更着重行为或乐事的本身，而不是感情。
joy: 语气弱于rapture，强于pleasure，多指情感充溢，喜形于色的强烈的欢乐情绪。
pleasure: 最普通常用词，常指不表露出来的满意或喜悦情绪，也指强烈的愉快或兴奋感。
fun: 普通用词，指任何能给予喜悦的娱乐，或指娱乐本身。
rapture: 书面语用词，指极端的欣喜、大喜或狂喜。
dlight: 指强烈的、活泼的、显而易见的快乐和高兴。
n. 兴高采烈
 - elation, gaiety

Word: granulate
Front: granulate
['grænjʊleɪt] (16157/-)
Vocabulary: granulate
(once / 5349 pages)
1v 2v
Granulate means to form or reduce into grains. You've probably seen the word on a box of granulated sugar and not thought twice about the fact that, besides its granular form, sugar exists as a liquid and also inside sugar cane.
Sugar, of course, is not a grain. A grain is rice, wheat, quinoa, corn––seeds that form the basis of most people's diets. Sugar forms grains when it's refined, appearing in its crystallized form to have a grain-like, or granulated, appearance.
WORD FAMILY
granulate: granulated, granulates, granulating, granulation+/granulation: granulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Little by little, whip in the granulated sugar and then continue to beat for another minute or so.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
In a large pot, bring cider vinegar, white sugar, turmeric, celery seed, granulated garlic and cayenne pepper to a boil.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Combine the hazelnuts, flour, granulated sugar and salt in a food processor; pulse to the consistency of coarse meal.
Washington Post(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 使成颗粒，使成粒状; 使表面粗糙
时态：granulated, granulating, granulates
使成颗粒(granule颗粒+ate)[gran=grain,表示"颗粒"]

Word: ordered
Front: ordered
[ˈɔ:dəd] (16328/11381)
Back: adj. 安排好的，整齐的，规则的
v. （医生）开（处方）( order的过去式和过去分词 ); 订购; （上帝、命运等）注定; 点（饭菜，饮料等）
分布：整齐的(75%)，有序的(25%)
US ['ɔ:r.dɚd] (also well-ordered)
adjective
■carefully arranged or controlled 有条理的；整齐的；井然有序的
• a well-ordered (= tidy) room 整洁的房间
adj. [数] 有序的；整齐的；安排好的
 - regular, straight

Word: fling
Front: fling
[flɪŋ] (研六雅 6172/4575 -2)
Vocabulary: fling
(once / 134 pages)
1vn 2vn 3n
To fling is to throw something with force. You'll start a food fight in the cafeteria if you fling your vegetables at the kid across the table.
The act of throwing something recklessly or with force can also be called a fling. Your mail sorting ritual might be putting bills in one pile and personal letters in another, then giving junk mail a fling into the recycling bin. A brief period of revelry or indulgence is another kind of fling. You and your friends could plan a weekend fling in New York, staying in a hotel, eating out, and shopping without worrying about how much money you spend.
WORD FAMILY
fling: flinging, flings, flung
USAGE EXAMPLES
One co-worker flung a racial epithet at him.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
He collected the loose puck and flung it past Raanta.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Forty-six years before, at nineteen, my mother became pregnant during a fling with her older, married boss.
Salon(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. （尤指生气地）猛扔; 急派; 放肆地投入; 扔在一边，抛弃
vt. & vi. 猛扑; 猛冲; 急伸
n. 投掷; 〈美俚〉尝试; 恣意，一时的放纵
时态：flung, flinging, flings
分布：投(46%)，投掷(17%)，急冲(13%)，猛冲(10%)，全身心投入(5%)，粗暴地推向 ...(3%)，激动地说(3%)，一时的行乐(3%)
→词源不确定。可能来自plak, 击，打，词源同plague, plangent.引申词义投掷，扔，抛。
v.(用力地)扔,抛,丢He flung himself into a chair [the river].他猛然坐进椅子里 [跃进河里]
verb (flung, flung)
THROW 扔
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to throw something or someone suddenly and with a lot of force 猛扔，猛投，猛掷
• He crumpled up the letter and flung it into the fire. 他把信揉成一团，猛地扔进火中。
• "And you can take your ring back too!" she cried, flinging it down on the table. “你还可以把你的戒指也拿走！”她喊道，猛地把戒指摔到桌子上。
• informal Could you fling the paper over here (= give me the paper) ? 你能把报纸丢过来吗？
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
MOVE/DO 移动／做
transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to move or do something quickly and energetically 迅猛移动，猛动
• She flung her arms around his neck. 她猛地搂住他的脖子。
• The door was flung open by the wind. 风把门猛地吹开了。
• Sergei flung himself down on the sofa. 谢尔盖猛地扑倒在沙发上。
• informal Let me just fling (= quickly put) a few things into my bag, and I'll be right with you. 让我往袋子里塞几样东西，马上就跟你去。
• informal They were flung (= quickly put) in prison. 他们很快被投入监狱。
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
SAY ANGRILY 愤怒地说
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to say something angrily 气呼呼地说，愤怒地说
• They were flinging bitter accusations at each other. 他们彼此破口大骂。
• [+ speech] "I don't care what you think", she flung (back) at him. “我不在乎你怎么想。”她气呼呼地回敬他道。
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
fling up your hands
■to show that you are very shocked or frightened 非常吃惊；非常害怕
• They flung up their hands in horror at the cost of the trip. 看到旅行的花费，他们不由吃了一惊。
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] fling yourself at sb informal disapproving
■to make it very obvious to someone that you want to have a sexual relationship with them 露骨地勾引（某人）
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] fling yourself into sth
■to do something with a lot of enthusiasm 全心投入在…上，投身于
• Tom has really flung himself into his work this year. 今年汤姆确实全心投入在工作上。
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fling sth on/off
■to quickly put on/remove something, especially a piece of clothing 飞快地穿上／脱掉（尤指衣服）
• We were so hot we flung off our clothes and dived into the swimming pool. 我们太热了，三下五除二脱下衣服就一头栽进了游泳池。
[flɪŋ] verb (flung, flung)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] fling sth/sb out mainly UK informal
■to get rid of something you do not want, or to make someone leave a place when they do not want to 扔掉，丢掉；赶走
• I think it's about time we flung out these old magazines. 我想现在该把这些旧杂志处理掉。
• They were flung out of the pub for fighting. 他们因为打架被赶出了酒吧。
[flɪŋ] noun countable usually singular informal
■a short period of enjoyment 一时的欢乐
• The students are having a final/last fling before they leave university and start work. 学生们正在享受离开大学开始工作前最后一段短暂的欢乐时光。
[flɪŋ] noun countable usually singular informal
have a fling
■to have a short sexual relationship with someone 有短暂的私情
• She's been having a fling with her boss. 她和她的老板有私情。
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
vt. 掷，抛；嘲笑；使陷入；轻蔑地投射；猛动
 - throw, cast, pitch
n. 掷，抛；嘲弄；急冲
 - put, cast
vi. 猛冲，急行
 - hurtle

Word: squawk
Front: squawk
[skwɔ:k] (16283/20550)
Back: n. （尤指鸟受惊时）粗厉的叫声
vi. 发出粗厉的叫声，咯咯地叫
时态：squawked, squawking, squawks
分布：叫声(52%)，喋喋不休地发牢骚(16%)，嘈杂的抱怨(16%)，呱呱地叫鸣(16%)
US [skwɑ:k] verb intransitive
■to make an unpleasantly loud sharp cry 发出刺耳尖叫； 嘎嘎叫
• As the fox came into the yard, the chickens began squawking in alarm. 狐狸闯进院子时，鸡惊恐地开始咯咯大叫。
■informal disapproving
■to complain about something noisily 大声抱怨；高声诉苦
• Environmental groups have been squawking about the decision to build the motorway through a forest. 环保团体一直在大声疾呼，反对兴建穿越森林的高速公路这项决定。
vi. 抗议；发出响而粗的叫声；大声抱怨
 - protest against sth, exclaim at
n. 抗议；叫声；诉苦；故障
 - fault, trouble, cry, complaint

Word: paw
Front: paw
[pɔ:] (研四六 8033/10382 -1)
Vocabulary: paw
(once / 562 pages)
nv
A paw is a four-legged animal's foot. Dogs, cats, rabbits, and bears all have paws. Sharks? Not so much.
Most paws have claws and soft pads that cushion the animal's legs as it walks. Cats' paws have sharp, retractable claws, while dogs have hard, dull claws that don't retract. There are also many animals with four legs that don't have paws, like horses and lizards. If an animal paws you, it nudges or scrapes you with its paw. If a person paws you, they use their hands clumsily, almost as if they were paws.
WORD FAMILY
paw: forepaw, pawed, pawer, pawing, paws+/forepaw: forepaws/pawer: pawers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. O’Grey keeps a framed print of his paw on his bedroom wall.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A few nights later, as I pawed around my own home bar, I got to thinking.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
This season, those were replaced by the team’s logo, Tiger Paw.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 爪子; 手; <俚>笔迹
vt. 用爪抓; 用蹄触; 盘弄; 艰苦地行走
vi. 用爪子抓; 翻找
时态：pawed, pawing, paws
分布：爪子(69%)，抓(15%)，翻找(7%)，脚爪(7%)，粗鲁地摸(1%)，以蹄扒(1%)
→来自古法语powe,爪子，拳头，词源不详。来自ped,脚，词源同foot,biped.
n.爪The drawer put the strawberries and raw paws into a drawer in the saw-mill.绘图者把草莓和生熊掌放进锯板厂的抽屉里.
US [pɑ:] noun
 ADVANCED countable
■the foot of an animal which has claws or nails, such as a cat, dog or bear 爪，爪子
• I found paw prints in the kitchen. 我在厨房里发现了爪印。
Compare hoof
countable usually plural informal humorous
■a human hand 手
• Take your filthy paws off my nice clean washing! 把你的脏手从我洗得干干净净的衣服上拿开！
UK [pɔ:] US [pɑ:] verb
intransitive or transitive
■to touch something with a paw 用爪子抓（或扒）
• When their dog heard them it began pawing (at) the ground in excitement. 他们的狗听见他们的声音就开始兴奋地用爪子抓地。
transitive informal
■to feel or touch someone roughly with the hands, especially in an unpleasant sexual way 摸弄，抓捏；（尤指）猥亵地动手动脚
vt. 抓，扒；亲昵地抚摸
 - hent, scratch
vi. 用爪子抓；翻找
 - hunt throw
n. 爪子；手
 - hand, danny

Word: goldfish
Front: goldfish
[ˈgəʊldfɪʃ] (高 16320/10625 -1)
Back: n. 金鱼
分布：金鱼(100%)
US ['goʊld-] (plural goldfish or goldfishes)
noun countable
■a small, shiny, gold or orange fish which is often kept as a pet in a bowl or garden pool 金鱼

Word: brook
Front: brook
[brʊk] (研四六托宝 22189/10248 -1)
Vocabulary: brook
(once / 336 pages)
1n 2v
A brook is a small stream. On a hot day, you might enjoy wading in a babbling brook. As a verb, brook is a rather stuffy word for "put up with." The lord of the manor might say, "I will brook no trespassing on my land."
Brook is tailor-made for talking about what you won't stand for—it's always "brook no..." If you brook no criticism of your friend, it means you won't let people speak ill of her. If you brook no brooks, it means you've developed a bizarre stream-hating fetish and will spend the rest of your days trying to stop their flow.
WORD FAMILY
brook: brooked, brooking, brooklet+/brooklet: brooklets
USAGE EXAMPLES
She did bounce back, appearing in, among other pictures, Albert Brook’s 1996 comedy Mother.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
The Sachem High School East student was transported to Stony Brook University Hospital for treatment of hip fractures.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Brook Lopez added 20 points for the Nets, who played without Jeremy Lin again but avoided a third consecutive defeat.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 容忍，忍受
n. 小溪
时态：brooked, brooking, brooks
分布：溪(79%)，小河(15%)，忍受(6%)
→词源不详，可能来自break, 分开。
n.小溪vt.[常用于否定句或疑问句]容忍The matter brooks no delay.此事刻不容缓.
【记】小河要容忍泛滥，或者断流的痛苦。
【反】refuse to tolerate（拒绝容忍）
noun countable
■a small stream 小溪，小河
• I could hear the sound of a babbling brook. 我可以听见小溪潺潺的流水声。
[brʊk] verb formal
brook no sth /not brook sth
■to not allow or accept something, especially difference of opinion or intention 不容忍，不接纳（尤指异议）
• She won't brook any criticism of her work. 她不能容忍任何对她工作的批评。
stream, brook, river
这组词都有“江、河”的意思，其区别是：
stream: 泛指大小河流，也可专指小溪。
brook: 指小河，尤指发源于山泉的小河。
river: 泛指一般的江河。
vt. 忍受；容忍
 - stomach, go, abide, stand, tough
n. 小溪；小河
 - creek, rivulet

Word: experimentally
Front: experimentally
[ɪkˌsperɪ'mentəlɪ] (六 16281/12401)
Back: adv. 实验（性）地; 实际上，实际证明，通过实验; 用实验方法
分布：实验上(60%)，实验性地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
试验性的
Something that is experimental is new or uses new ideas or methods, and might be modified later if it is unsuccessful.
例：...an experimental air conditioning system...试验性的空调系统
例：He tends to write bizarre and highly experimental pieces of music...他倾向于创作高度试验性而且风格奇异的音乐作品。
ADJ
实验的;用于实验的;根据实验的
Experimental means using, used in, or resulting from scientific experiments.
例：...the main techniques of experimental science.实验科学的主要技术
例：...the use of experimental animals...实验动物的使用
ADJ
（行动）试验性的，试探性的
An experimental action is done in order to see what it is like, or what effects it has.
例：The British Sports Minister is reported to be ready to argue for an experimental lifting of the ban.据报道，英国体育大臣准备争取试行取消那条禁令。

Word: squeak
Front: squeak
[skwi:k] (托 12246/15740 -1)
Back: n. 短促的尖叫声，，吱吱的叫声; 尖厉刺耳的噪音; 机会
vi. 短促地尖叫，吱吱叫; 发出尖厉刺耳的噪音; 告密
vt. 以尖厉的声音说话; 使发出吱吱声
时态：squeaked, squeaking, squeaks
分布：吱吱声(59%)，吱吱叫(23%)，侥幸通过(11%)，逃脱(7%)
verb
SOUND 声音
intransitive
■to make a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• The mice in the cupboard squeaked. 老鼠在碗橱里吱吱地叫。
• The door squeaked as it swung back and forth on its rusty hinges. 门的铰链生锈了，转动起来嘎吱嘎吱作响。
[skwi:k] verb
SUCCEED 成功
intransitive + adverb or preposition US
■to only just succeed in something such as a test or competition （测验、竞赛等）勉强通过；侥幸成功
• He squeaked through the exam. 他勉强通过了考试。
[skwi:k] noun countable
■a short very high cry or sound 发出短促的尖叫；吱吱叫；嘎吱作响
• She let out a squeak of fright at the sight of the spider. 她看到蜘蛛时吓得尖叫了一声。
• If I hear one more squeak out of you (= if you say anything else) , there'll be trouble! 如果你再说一个字的话，就有你好看的！
vi. 告密；吱吱叫；侥幸成功
 - inform, rat
n. 吱吱声；机会
 - opportunity, chance, opening, room, occasion

Word: audacious
Front: audacious
[ɔ:ˈdeɪʃəs] (托宝 16335/19357 -1)
Vocabulary: audacious
(once / 1243 pages)
adj
This adjective is very bold — if you are audacious, you are daring and unconventional!
The adjective audacious comes from the Latin word audacia and means "daring, boldness, courage," and often gets applied in situations where someone does something pretty unusual, like becoming an astronaut and going to the moon. It can also mean challenging conventions and doing things that most people don't do, such as when Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman in the United States to become a doctor. Blackwell then inspired Elizabeth Garrett Anderson to become the first female doctor in England. And the rest is history!
WORD FAMILY
audacious: audaciously, audaciousness+/ audacity: audacious, audacities
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s just one of several audacious dishes from this up-and-coming young chef.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And only by accident did he attempt the NBA’s most audacious shot.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
The audacious hero rises to the occasion, exhibiting grace under pressure at the 11th hour, reported the Juneau Empire.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 大胆的; 鲁莽的; 大胆创新的
分布：放肆的(45%)，无畏的(37%)，大胆创新的(18%)
→来自拉丁词audeo, 勇敢。词义贬义化。
大胆的(aud大胆+acious;名词:audacity大胆)[-acious表形容词"有特征的,多...的"]
【记】auda鲁莽，cious多…的－鲁莽的
【反】circumspect（adj 慎重周到的）『meticulous极为慎重的』；timid（adj 胆小的）
US [ɑ:-] adjective
■showing a willingness to take risks or offend people 大胆的；敢于冒险的；鲁莽的；放肆的
• He described the plan as ambitious and audacious. 他认为这是一项伟大而大胆的计划。
• an audacious remark/suggestion 大胆的评论／建议
adj. 无畏的；鲁莽的
 - fearless, intrepid

Word: exasperated
Front: exasperated
[ɪgˈzæspəreɪtɪd] (16323/19158 -1)
Vocabulary: exasperated
(once / 1281 pages)
adj
It’s understandable if you get exasperated, or really frustrated, if you’re standing in the supermarket's express lane and everyone in front of you has way more than the 10-item maximum.
Over the centuries, nothing much has happened to the definition of this word — the Latin original means "irritated to anger." Speaking of which, let's get back to the supermarket, a veritable hotbed of exasperated people pushing wobbly-wheeled shopping carts their children try to fill with cartoon-branded junk food, brushing past unstable store displays that come tumbling down, enduring inoffensive but flavorless supermarket music, and emerging into the cold light of day unable to remember where they parked the car.
WORD FAMILY
exasperated: exasperatedly+/ exasperate: exasperated, exasperates, exasperating, exasperation / exasperating: exasperatingly/ exasperation: exasperations
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Some of that was because Clay County was in bad situation before the flood and then exasperated by the flood.”
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Many Japanese scholars, exasperated by Tokyo’s studied forgetfulness, are joining foreign critics in insisting on the same thing.
Time(Dec 26, 2016)
Nabokov was exasperated by Wilson’s fondness for Lenin and Russia, which Nabokov detested.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 愤怒的，恼火的
v. 使恼怒，激怒，恶化(exasperate的过去式)
分布：恼怒的(84%)，动词exasperate的过去式和过去分词形式.(16%)
US [-'zæs.pɚ.eɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■annoyed 被激怒的；恼怒的；极厌烦的
• He's becoming increasingly exasperated with the situation. 面对这种情形，他越来越恼怒。
adj. 激怒的；恼火的
 - wrathy, up the wall
v. 使恼怒；激怒；恶化（exasperate的过去式）
 - chafed

Word: skiff
Front: skiff
[skɪf] (宝 16271/36342)
Vocabulary: skiff
(once / 1888 pages)
n
A skiff is a small boat. If you decide to purchase a skiff instead of giant yacht, you're probably someone who prefers the quiet, simple life. (Or maybe you just didn’t want to spend the money on a yacht.)
A skiff may be powered by oars, sails, or a motor, but in any of these cases, a typical skiff can carry only a few passengers. Skiff originally referred to a small boat attached to a large ship; the skiff would have been used for communication with and transportation to other large ships and the shore. Winslow Homer, a 19th-century American artist, often portrayed skiffs in his depictions of marine scenes.
WORD FAMILY
skiff: skiffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
But all the while he was tinkering with his original invention, and also building trimarans, skiffs and catamarans, among other things.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
In October, pirates left Patino and his brother bound with twine in their small motorized skiff, miles from shore.
Seattle Times(Dec 07, 2016)
The men posed on the side of the skiff with big smiles.
New York Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 小艇，小型帆船; 摩托小快艇
分布：小船(86%)，轻舟(14%)
→来自意大利语 schifo,小船，词源同 ship.引申词义小划艇，小帆船等。
【记】只需要一点儿skill就是划skiff。
【参】skillet（n 煎锅）用skillet也需要一点儿et技术skill。
noun countable
■a small light boat for rowing or sailing, usually used by only one person （单人）小艇，轻舟
n. 小艇；小型帆船；轻舟
 - dinghy, cockboat

Word: trying
Front: trying
[ˈtraɪɪŋ] (托 16334/18590 -1)
Back: adj. 令人难于忍受的; 难堪的; 令人厌烦的
v. 试图( try的现在分词); 试验，尝试; 审讯
分布：令人厌烦的(54%)，难受的(35%)，动词try的现在分词.(11%)
→比喻用法。
adjective
■annoying and difficult 令人难受的，恼人的，令人烦恼的
• I've had a very trying day at work. 我今天上班非常不顺利。
• He can be rather trying at times. 他有时很难缠。
adj. 难受的；难堪的；费劲的；令人厌烦的
 - boring, afflictive
v. 尝试（try的ing形式）；试验
 - experimenting

Word: pine
Front: pine
[paɪn] (高研四六托雅宝 3158/5081 -2)
Vocabulary: pine
(once / 180 pages)
1n 2v
If you pine for someone, you desperately want to see them, be with them, or perhaps smother them with kisses. If you're texting your ex-boyfriend over 50 times a day, there's a pretty good chance that you still pine for him.
In Old English, pine meant "to torture or cause to experience pain," which seems quite fitting if you've known what it's like to pine for something or someone. The verb pine should not be confused with the noun pine, as in the evergreen tree. If you are from the Northeast and find yourself living in the Caribbean, you may pine for the sight of a pine tree, but the lovely weather should ease the pain.
WORD FAMILY
pine: pined, pines, pining+/pining: pinings
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the songwriters strummed guitars and punched lyrics into their phones, Pine’s children splashed in a swimming pool and a chef prepared brick-oven pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For instance, there are 9 acres on the college property that contain loblolly pine trees that are beginning to fail from old age.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Seattle police described the victim’s wound as non-life-threatening after the New Year’s Eve incident at Third and Pine.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 松树; 松木; 凤梨，菠萝
vi. 憔悴; 痛苦; 渴望
vt. 为…悲哀; 哀悼; 消瘦; 渴望，渴慕
adj. 似松的; 松木的
时态：pined, pining, pines
分布：松树(70%)，松木(20%)，渴望(6%)，消瘦(4%)
→来自拉丁语pinus,松树，松果，松脂，来自peie,肥的，脂肪，汁液，词源同fat,pitch.pine 难过，悲伤
n.松树The sugared vinegar is refined from the sugarcane and pine.加糖的醋是从甘蔗和松木中精炼出来的.
【记】pin大头针，e饿：饿得像大头针－消瘦；叶子像大头针－松树
【反】become invigorated（变得有活力）
noun
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable (also pine tree)
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree that grows in cooler areas of the world 松树
• a plantation of pines 人工松林
• a pine forest 松林
uncountable
■the wood of pine trees, which is usually pale in colour 松木
• pine furniture 松木家俱
• Pine is a softwood. 松木是一种软木。
[paɪn] verb intransitive
■to become increasingly thin and weak because of unhappiness, especially after the death of a loved person （尤指因深爱的人死去而）形容枯槁，憔悴
• Carter died in 1904 after an accident and Leno pined away and died in London six months later. 1904年卡特死于非命，莱诺日渐憔悴，六个月后死于伦敦。
[paɪn] verb intransitive
  Phrasal Verbs  pine for sth/sb
■to want something or someone very much, usually when it is impossible to have them, or when they have gone away 渴望得到…；苦苦思念（某人）
• He's still pining for his ex-girlfriend. 他还在苦苦思念着他的前女友。
vi. 渴望，痛苦；憔悴
 - rare, aspire
n. [林] 松树；凤梨，菠萝
 - ananas
vt. 为…悲哀；哀悼
 - regret, grieve over

Word: crewman
Front: crewman
[ˈkru:mən] (16273/23524 -1)
Back: n. 船员; 乘务员; 机组成员
分布：船员(55%)，机员(45%)
N-COUNT
乘务员;船员
A crewman is a member of a crew.

Word: belatedly
Front: belatedly
[bɪ'leɪtɪdli] (16339/14324)
Back: adv. 延迟地；延续地
分布：迟来的(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
迟来的；延误的；姗姗来迟的
A belated action happens later than it should have done.
例：...the government's belated attempts to alleviate the plight of the poor.政府一再拖延的扶贫举措
例：...a belated birthday present.迟来的生日礼物
adv. 延迟地；延续地
 - lingeringly

Word: respirator
Front: respirator
[ˈrespəreɪtə(r)] (16219/29371)
Vocabulary: respirator
(once / 15823 pages)
n
A respirator is a device you use to help you breathe, either for a medical reason or to filter out dust, gas, or anything else too nasty to inhale.
Whether you're scraping lead paint off a wall or spray painting a car, you'll want to wear a respirator. Military members and police officers sometimes use respirators known as "gas masks" to protect themselves from fumes emitted during wars and riots. Some respirators simply purify the air that moves through them, while others, like those used in hospitals, provide oxygen. The Latin root of respirator is respirare, "breathe in and out."
WORD FAMILY
respirator: respirators+/ respiration: respirations/ respire: respiration, respirator, respiratory, respired, respires, respiring
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rice said Hanford workers already are protected by a requirement that supplied air respirators be used within areas where waste is stored in underground tanks.
Washington Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Maybe a full hazmat suit with a respirator...might work...but with animal dander that's no guarantee.
New York Times(Nov 12, 2016)
The doctor’s legs were broken and he remains in intensive care on a respirator after shrapnel pierced his lungs.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 口罩，防毒面具; （人工）呼吸机
分布：呼吸器(57%)，口罩(43%)
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■artificial breathing equipment 人工呼吸器；呼吸机
• Doctors put the patient on a respirator. 医生给病人接上了呼吸机。
■a device worn over the mouth and nose to prevent harmful substances from being breathed in 防毒面具
• The firefighters wore respirators to help them breathe in the smoke-filled house. 消防员戴上防毒面具以便能在烟雾弥漫的房中呼吸。
n. 口罩； [医] 呼吸器； [军] [安全] 防毒面具
 - lung, breathing apparatus

Word: flounder
Front: flounder
[ˈflaʊndə(r)] (托宝 16327/14667 -2)
Vocabulary: flounder
(once / 1508 pages)
1v 2n
A flounder is a flat fish with both eyes on one side of its head; and, as a verb, to flounder is to wobble around like a fish out of water.
To flounder is to be unsteady or uncertain. It's probably from the Dutch word floddern, "to flop about," or it's a mix of founder ("to fail") and blunder ("do something clumsy"). If you flounder in the ocean, you need a surfer dude to scoop you up. You don't have to be in water, though; you can flounder any time you're a little wobbly — like after a long hike or during the last hour of the SATs. Either way, when you flounder, you wish you were a flat fish at the bottom of the sea.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
flounder / founder
To flounder is to struggle, but to founder is to sink like a stone and fail. Both are fun as nouns, not so fun as verbs.
A flounder is a fish, but as a verb, it means to blunder about, to be in serious trouble. In the following examples, something is struggling but hasn't completely failed:
He set out for it, limping, while the sharp gravel rolled under his bleeding feet as he floundered up the climbing trail. (Harold Bindloss)
It is a war that has floundered for nine years without a rational strategy and may endure for another decade. (Sydney Morning Herald)
Just as he turned around that floundering business, he suggests, so too could he reverse the country's sagging fortunes as its chief executive. (Washington Post)
A founder is someone who starts something, but as a verb, founder literally means "to sink." Figuratively, it's "to collapse or fail completely." Here are some examples of sinking and failing:
Pratt resisted the impulse of most Mormons to head back to the foundering ship. (Salt Lake Tribune)
Xinhua, in an English-language commentary, said China could not stand by while its largest trading partner foundered. (Reuters)
Yet negotiations over new gas contracts have foundered. (Economist)
Flounder and founder are happy little nouns that don't get mixed up. But it all falls apart when they're verbs — if you're floundering, you're struggling. If you're foundering, you're failing completely. You're sunk! You can't even hold onto the letter l.
WORD FAMILY
flounder: floundered, floundering, flounders
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Mississippi Department of Marine Resources says the commercial fishing seasons for flounder, red drum and greater amberjack will each open at 12:01 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Although the GOP attempted to implement immigration reform under George W. Bush’s presidency, this attempt floundered.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Flounder are good on the falling tide around marsh drains on jigs tipped with shrimp.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vi. 挣扎，折腾; 着慌，勉强应付; 行为言语错乱
n. 挣扎，踉跄前进; 比目鱼
时态：floundered, floundering, flounders
分布：挣扎(45%)，比目鱼(32%)，鲽(14%)，踌躇(3%)，错乱的行动(3%)，笨拙而错乱地说或做(3%)
→来自辅音丛fl, 扑腾，拍打，拟声词，词源同flap, flag, flutter. 引申词义挣扎，折腾。flounder 比目鱼
【记】flo＝flow，under：在水下面没有氧气瓶－挣扎
【反】act gracefully（优雅地动）；slide（v /n 滑行）
US [-dɚ] verb intransitive
■to experience great difficulties or be completely unable to decide what to do or say next 困难重重；艰苦挣扎；不知所措
• He lost the next page of his speech and floundered (about/around) for a few seconds. 他把演讲稿的下一页弄丢了，支支吾吾了几秒钟。
• Although his business was a success, his marriage was floundering. 他虽然事业有成，可婚姻却陷入困境。
• In 1986 Richardson resigned as chairman, leaving the company floundering. 1986年，理查森辞去了董事长职务，公司因此在困境中苦苦挣扎。
UK ['flaʊn.dər] US [-dɚ] noun countable or uncountable (plural flounder or flounders)
■a flat fish that lives in the sea, or its flesh eaten as food 鲆，鲽；鲆鱼肉
vi. 挣扎，折腾；错乱地做事或说话
 - struggle along
n. 挣扎，辗转；比目鱼
 - flatfish, plaice

Word: geothermal
Front: geothermal
[ˌdʒi:əʊˈθɜ:ml] (16179/28084)
Back: adj. 地热的，地温的，地热（或地温）产生的
分布：地热的(100%)
→geo-, 地，地球。thermal, 热的。
US [-oʊ'θɝ:-] specialized
adjective
■of or connected with the heat inside the Earth 地热的，地温的
• a geothermal power station 地热发电站

Word: aggravated
Front: aggravated
[ˈægrəveɪtɪd] (16312/23210)
Vocabulary: aggravated
(once / 1753 pages)
1adj 2adj
When you see the word aggravated in the description of a crime, it's a more serious crime. Aggravated assault is more than a punch in the nose — it’s assault with the intent of causing serious bodily harm.
Aggravated is built on the Latin root gravis "heavy," as in gravity, and with the prefix ad-, it means "to make heavy." So robbery is one thing, but aggravated robbery is not only robbing someone, but also causing physical harm, and the punishment would be harsher than for simple robbery. The word is used more casually to mean "angered" — you're likely to be an aggravated customer if you’ve been waiting in line forever and someone cuts in front of you.
WORD FAMILY
aggravated: aggravatedly+/ aggravate: aggravated, aggravates, aggravating, aggravation, aggravator/aggravating: aggravatingest, aggravatingly/ aggravation: aggravations
USAGE EXAMPLES
The evidence showed ordinary negligence, a prosecutor’s letter said, but not “an aggravated kind of negligence or carelessness” required to file felony charges.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
He faces a charge of aggravated child abuse.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Officers showed up to his house, and Owens was ultimately charged with two counts of aggravated battery with a deadly weapon.
Golf Digest(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: v. 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使更严重; 激怒; 使恼火
分布：加重的(82%)，动词aggravate的过去式和过去分词.(18%)
ADJ
（罪行）加重的，严重的
Aggravated is used to describe a serious crime which involves violence.
例：He was jailed for aggravated assault.他因犯严重伤害罪而被判入狱。
adj. 加重的；恶化的
 - weighted, deteriorative

Word: galvanized
Front: galvanized
['ɡælvənaɪzd] (16340/35940)
Back: v. 用锌镀（铁）( galvanize的过去式和过去分词 ); 激起某人行动起来
分布：镀锌的(90%)，动词galvanize的过去式和过去分词.(10%)
(UK usually galvanised) ['gæl.və.naɪzd] adjective
■describes metal, or something made of metal, that is covered with a thin protective layer of zinc 镀锌的
• galvanized iron/steel 镀锌铁／钢
• galvanized nails/rivets 镀锌的钉子／铆钉
adj. 镀锌的，电镀的
 - plated
v. 电镀；刺激（galvanize的过去式和过去分词形式）
 - fuelled, plated

Word: abrasive
Front: abrasive
[əˈbreɪsɪv] (托宝 16344/14194 -1)
Vocabulary: abrasive
(once / 11354 pages)
adjn
What does an obnoxious person have in common with sandpaper? Both are abrasive. Anything that grates or irritates — physically or metaphorically — can be described using this adjective.
The history of the word abrasive illustrates how a word typically enters the English language and then changes with time. The English verb abrade "to wear down by scraping" entered the language from Latin abradere "to scrape off" in the late 1600s. Some 200 years later, the adjective form of the word — abrasive — came into use to describe a type of grinding tool. By the 1920s, abrasive had acquired the more figurative sense of annoying and infuriating. If you find someone abrasive, he or she grinds away at your nerves.
WORD FAMILY
abrasive: abrasively, abrasiveness, abrasives+/ abrade: abradant, abraded, abrader, abrades, abrading, abrasion, abrasive / abrasion: abrasions
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trump in his own unique, almost mystical way is able to speak a common language that is abrasive and sometimes unattractive but always digestible.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 22, 2016)
People often asked him about it, and he realized it might appear abrasive to some.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
“People expect me to be angry, bitter. They expect to me be abrasive, aggressive. I’m not.”
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: adj. 有磨蚀作用的; 摩擦的; 粗糙的; 使人厌烦的，伤人感情的
n. 研磨料; 琢料; 金刚砂
分布：磨料(92%)，磨损的(5%)，生硬粗暴的(2%)，腐蚀的(1%)
有打磨作用的(ab+ras+ive)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
adjective
UNPLEASANT 令人不愉快的
■rude and unfriendly 生硬粗暴的，粗鲁的
• She has a rather abrasive manner. 她的态度相当粗暴。
• He can be quite abrasive in meetings. 他开会时有时会变得相当生硬粗暴。
[ə'breɪ.sɪv] adjective
CLEANING SUBSTANCE 清洁材料
■An abrasive substance is slightly rough, and often used for cleaning surfaces. 清洁物体表面的研磨材料
• an abrasive cleaner/powder/liquid 清洁用具／粉／液
[ə'breɪ.sɪv] noun countable
■a substance used for rubbing away the surface of something, usually to clean it or make it shiny （通常用来擦洗或擦亮表面用的）磨料
• You'll need a strong abrasive for cleaning this sink. 你要用强力磨料才能把这个洗碗槽擦干净。
adj. 粗糙的； [机] 有研磨作用的；伤人感情的
 - crude, rough, coarse, harsh

Word: high-stakes
Front: high-stakes
None None
Back: adj. 高风险的
分布：高风险的(100%)

Word: interlude
Front: interlude
[ˈɪntəlu:d] (托宝 16345/14191 -1)
Vocabulary: interlude
(once / 2742 pages)
nv
An interlude is a brief period of time that comes in the middle of something. You might enjoy a relaxing lemonade interlude in the middle of a tough day at your road-paving job.
Any block of time that comes as a break or a respite from an activity can be called an interlude, so you could talk about a quiet interlude after a noisy birthday party, or an interlude of peace after years of war. Interlude is often used to describe the pauses between acts of a play or during an intermission. In fact, the original meaning came from the Latin interludium, which means "between a play".
WORD FAMILY
interlude: interluded, interludes, interluding
USAGE EXAMPLES
Deutscher participated in the performance, playing musical interludes on the piano and at one point accompanying Cinderella on the violin.
BBC(Dec 30, 2016)
Without the time for such an interlude, this being Manhattan, we bravely tucked into the next course.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
She brings interludes back to the album format - something absent for a while - to tell stories that push you to think.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 插曲; 穿插; 幕间节目; [乐]间奏
分布：插曲(86%)，中间(6%)，介在中间的事件(4%)，中间时间(4%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，-lud,玩弄，玩奏，词源同ludic,allude.引申词义间歇，幕间休息。
(活动间的)休息(inter+lude玩→在中间玩→活动间休息)[inter-表示"在…之间,相互"]
(剧间)休息(inter在...中间+lude→在中间玩→中间休息)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
【记】inter（在中间），lude（玩耍）－在玩闹之间－休息
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a short period when a situation or activity is different from what comes before and after it 插曲，间歇
• Except for a brief Christian interlude at the beginning of the 11th century, Istanbul has been a Muslim city for almost 1300 years. 除了在11世纪初受基督教短暂控制外，伊斯坦堡作为一座伊斯兰教城市已经存在了将近1300年。
• The musical interludes don't really fit in with the rest of the play. 穿插的音乐片段与这部剧的其他部分并不协调。
n. 插曲；穿插；幕间节目； [数] 插算
 - incident, episode
vt. 使中断
 - disrupt
vi. 插入
 - build in, plug in

Word: despicable
Front: despicable
[dɪˈspɪkəbl] (托宝 16350/19533)
Vocabulary: despicable
(once / 2319 pages)
adj
Stealing the last piece of food from a starving child goes way beyond mean. It's despicable — a vile and harmful act.
Mean, nasty, and scummy are synonyms of despicable, but they don't fully convey the awfulness of despicable. A man who lies to get a promotion meant for his co-worker would be considered mean. But the despicable man — the one who is so awful and worthless that he deserves to be despised — is the one who burns down the office building and frames his co-worker for it.
WORD FAMILY
despicable: despicability, despicableness, despicablest, despicably+/despicability: despicabilities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ted Cruz’s unconscionable defense of Senate’s despicable blocking of Obama Supreme Court appointment, and threat to continue under a Clinton administration.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
On the animated front, meanwhile, there will be third instalments in both the Cars and Despicable Me franchises.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
The U.S. vehemently condemned the killing of Mr. Karlov, with State Secretary John Kerry offering assistance to investigate what he called a “despicable attack.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 可鄙的，卑鄙的
分布：卑劣的(59%)，可鄙的(41%)
→de-, 向下。-spic, 看，词源同inspect, spectator. 即向下看的，鄙视的。
可鄙的(de向下+spic+able→向下看→看不起→可鄙视的)[spect,spic=look,see,表示"看"]
【记】de向下，spic看－让别人向下看的－可鄙的
【参】despise（v 轻视）；conspicuous（adj 显著的）
【反】sublime（adj 庄严的；崇高的）
adjective
■very unpleasant or bad, causing strong feelings of dislike 令人厌恶的，可憎的
• despicable behaviour 令人厌恶的行为
• He's a despicable human being! 他是个令人厌恶的人！
• It was despicable of her to lie about her friend. 她就朋友的事说谎实在可憎。
adj. 卑劣的；可鄙的
 - contemptible, underhanded

Word: sprinter
Front: sprinter
[sprɪntə(r)] (16324/16360 -1)
Back: n. 短跑运动员，短距离全速奔跑者
分布：短跑运动员(100%)
N-COUNT
短跑运动员;短程竞赛选手
A sprinter is a person who takes part in short, fast races.

Word: preventable
Front: preventable
[prɪ'ventəbl] (16351/21314)
Vocabulary: preventable
(once / 13281 pages)
adj
Anything that's preventable can be avoided or stopped in its tracks. A preventable disease is one that you can easily be vaccinated against.
A lot of theft is preventable, if you remember to lock your car doors. Head injuries are mostly preventable too, if you wear a helmet when you ride your bike. Unless you're completely lost in your math class, bad grades on quizzes are preventable too; you just need to do your homework and study. When you prevent something, you keep it from happening. The Latin root is praevenire, "come before, anticipate, or hinder."
WORD FAMILY
preventable: unpreventable+/ prevent: preventable, preventative, prevented, preventing, prevention, preventive, prevents/ preventative: preventatives/ prevention: preventions/ preventive: preventively, preventives
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the number of vehicles with human operators falls, so too will the preventable fatalities.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
Gen. John Nichols says an Army investigative team from Fort Rucker, Alabama, will work to determine what happened and if Wednesday afternoon’s crash was preventable.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
"You see this rise in chronic disease spending -- much of it is potentially preventable."
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 可阻止的，可预防的
分布：可预防的(80%)，可防止的(20%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■able to be prevented 可防止的，可预防的，可阻止的
• preventable accidents/injuries 可预防的事故／伤害
adj. 可预防的；可阻止的；可防止的
 - avertible

Word: barometer
Front: barometer
[bəˈrɒmɪtə(r)] (六托雅 16352/14773 -1)
Vocabulary: barometer
(once / 1737 pages)
n
A barometer is a device that measures atmospheric pressure. Barometers help meteorologists figure out what the weather is going to be like.
Sure, it's technically a weather man's tool — but you can use barometer more generally to describe anything that can be used to forecast or measure something else. The stock market is a barometer for economic health. Your grades are a barometer of how you're doing in school. For the President, a national poll is a barometer of political success. These kinds of barometers tell which way the wind is blowing — just not literally.
WORD FAMILY
barometer: barometers, barometric, barometrical+/barometric: barometrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pending sales contracts are a barometer of future purchases.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Market barometers miss the mark as investors try to navigate conflicting signals.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
It was the Rams’ performance the last few weeks, he said, “that really changed the barometer.”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 气压计; 晴雨表; 显示变化的事物; <比喻>（舆论等的）标记
分布：晴雨表(73%)，气压计(27%)
→词根bar, 重，同gravity, 重力。-meter, 仪器，计。
气压计(baro压力+meter)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
气压针(baro+meter计量器)[bar=weight表示"重,压"]
【记】1）baro重压，meter仪表－气压计2）bar酒吧，meter仪表。酒吧仪表就是晴雨表。因为，酒吧没人就是下雨了，人多就是大晴天。
US [-'rɑ:.mɪ.tˌɚ] noun countable
■a device that measures air pressure and shows when the weather is likely to change 气压计
■something that can show how a particular situation is developing, or how people's opinions on a particular matter are changing （颢示特定形势或人们对某一问题态度变化的）晴雨表，标志
• This survey is considered to be a reliable barometer of public opinion. 这项调查被看作是可靠的晴雨表，能反映出民意。
n. [气象] 气压计；睛雨表；显示变化的事物
 - weatherglass

Word: chum
Front: chum
[tʃʌm] (托 16347/14323 -1)
Vocabulary: chum
(once / 592 pages)
1n 2n 3n
A chum is a friend or a pal. You and your best chums might spend the weekend camping together.
The informal word chum is more common in Britain than the US, but you can still talk about your school chums or the new chum you made on a Caribbean cruise. Another kind of chum couldn't be more different from a buddy: it's chopped up fish parts used as bait on a fishing boat. This meaning comes from the Scottish chum, "food," while the first definition was Oxford University slang for a roommate or "chamber fellow."
WORD FAMILY
chum: chummed, chumming, chummy, chums+/chummy: chummier, chummiest, chummily, chumminess
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Bull” is prototypical network prime-time chum: Each self-contained episode revolves around a single legal case; the protagonist is an omniscient, infallible, borderline unethical white man.
New York Times(Nov 29, 2016)
Mr Fillon, who is chums with Vladimir Putin, urges a rapprochement with Russia and a strategic alliance with Syria in order to defeat Islamic State.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Drawing on corporate connections, their old school chums and their own money, they were able to get government and business alike to act.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 密友; 鱼饵; 室友
vi. 成为好朋友; 用鱼饵钓鱼
分布：密友(47%)，结为密友(19%)，鱼饵(16%)，用鱼饵钓鱼(12%)，成为室友(6%)
→俚语，来自chamber, 即同处一室的人，室友。
noun countable old-fashioned informal
■a friend 朋友；伙计；伙伴
• They were old school/college chums. 他们是老校友／大学校友。
• [as form of address] That's all right by me, chum. 我没问题，伙计。
[tʃʌm] verb (-mm-)
[tʃʌm] verb (-mm-)
  Phrasal Verbs  chum up UK old-fashioned informal
■to become friends 成为朋友
• She chummed up with some girls from Bristol on holiday. 她假期里跟几个从布里斯托来的女孩成了好朋友。
n. 室友；密友
 - familiar, room-mate

Word: abandon
Front: abandon
[əˈbændən] (高研四六托宝 2182/2057 -K3)
Vocabulary: abandon
(once / 104 pages)
1v 2n
To abandon something is to give it up completely. If you’re in a cabin and a forest fire approaches, you’d better get in your car and abandon your cabin, or else be prepared to abandon your life.
If you abandon something, you let it go, so when you describe someone as "acting with abandon," it means they have let go of restrictions or inhibitions. Maybe you like to dance with abandon in the privacy of your own room. But abandon could also mean people have abandoned their senses. To "drive with abandon," for example, means to drive recklessly.
WORD FAMILY
abandon: abandoned, abandoning, abandonment, abandons+/ abandoned: abandonedly/ abandonment: abandonments
USAGE EXAMPLES
The driver abandoned the car and fled on foot; his female passenger was detained and questioned by authorities, and later released, Nicholson said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The idea was ultimately abandoned in the 1980s.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Obama, as I wrote earlier this week, abandoned this promise in his first year in office.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 放弃，抛弃; 离弃，丢弃; 使屈从; 停止进行，终止
n. 放任，放纵; 完全屈从于压制
时态：abandoned, abandoning, abandons
分布：放弃(76%)，抛弃(21%)，放纵(3%)
→来自法语短语 a bandon. 前缀a-同ad-, 去，往。-band, 意愿。原指置于别人的意愿之下，任人处置，后喻指遗弃，词源同ban,命令，禁止, 同phone, 说，命令。
抛弃,放弃(a不+ban+don给予→不禁止给出去→放弃)[ban=prohibit,表示"禁止"]
vt.离弃,丢弃;遗弃,抛弃;放弃The wandering band abandoned her bandaged husband on Swan Island.流浪的乐队把她那位打着绷带的丈夫遗弃在天鹅岛上.
【记】a+band乐队+on，一个乐队在舞台上。想想黑豹、唐朝、零点等疯狂的摇滚乐队，不仅他们在放纵，你们听他们的歌本身也是一种放纵。
【反】salvage（vt 海上救助）
verb transitive
LEAVE 丢弃
 IMPROVER
■to leave a place, thing or person forever 离弃；放弃；抛弃；遗弃
• We had to abandon the car. 我们不得不弃车而去。
• By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had already been abandoned. 当叛军杀到时，村民已经撤离了村庄。
• As a baby he'd been abandoned by his mother. 他在繦褓之中就被母亲遗弃了。
• We were sinking fast, and the captain gave the order to abandon ship. 我们的船沉得很快，船长下令弃船。
[ə'bæn.dən] verb transitive
STOP 停止
 IMPROVER
■to stop doing an activity before you have finished it 放弃；中止
• The match was abandoned at half-time because of the poor weather conditions. 由于天气状况太差，比赛进行了一半就停止了。
• They had to abandon their attempt to climb the mountain. 他们被迫放弃攀登这座山的打算。
• The party has now abandoned its policy of unilateral disarmament. 这个政党已经废止了其单方面裁军的政策。
[ə'bæn.dən] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] abandon yourself to sth
■to allow yourself to be controlled completely by a feeling or way of living 沉湎于；放纵
• He abandoned himself to his emotions. 他任由自己的情绪发泄。
[ə'bæn.dən] noun literary
with (gay/wild) abandon
■in a completely uncontrolled way 尽情；放纵
• We danced with wild abandon. 我们纵情跳舞。
desert, leave, give up, forsake, abandon
这组词都有“抛弃、放弃”的意思，其区别是：
desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务，或自己的信仰与誓言的行为，多含非难的意味。
leave: 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同一某人的关系，但不涉及动机与果。
give up: 普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋，自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等，这可能是被迫的，也可能是自愿的。
preclude, discard, abandon, eliminate, abolish, dismiss
preclude: 排除
discard: 丢弃，抛弃（可指人也可指物）
abandon: 放弃（某物）
eliminate: 消除，淘汰
abolish: （依法）废除
dismiss: 解雇
n. 狂热；放任
 - loose, mania
vt. 遗弃；放弃
 - desert, yield, quit

Word: canola
Front: canola
[kə'nəʊlə] (16250/-)
Back: n. 加拿大油菜
分布：油菜籽(75%)，蓖麻(25%)
→can, 同Canada. ol-, 油，词源同oil, petroleum.

Word: dietitian
Front: dietitian
[ˌdaɪəˈtɪʃn] (托 16311/36338)
Back: n. 饮食学家，营养学家，膳食学家
分布：营养学家(80%)，饮食学家(16%)，=dietician.(4%)
→来自diet, 饮食。
n. （美）营养学家；饮食学家
 - nutritionist

Word: bind
Front: bind
[baɪnd] (研四托雅 2496/1888 -2)
Vocabulary: bind
(once / 225 pages)
1vn 2v 3v 4v 5v
If you're in a bind, you have been hindered by some situation. You'll find yourself in a bind if you agree to bring dessert to a party, only to realize that you're out of fruit, sugar, and chocolate chips.
The verb bind means to tie, secure, or fasten as with string or rope. When you put a Christmas tree on the top of your car, you need to bind it with twine to make sure it stays there while you drive. The past tense of bind is "bound." To bind is also to create an emotional attachment. Your love for your family binds you to them.
WORD FAMILY
bind: bindable, binded, binder, bindery, binding, binds, rebind, unbind+/ binder: binders/bindery: binderies/binding: bindingly, bindings/rebind: rebinding, rebinds/unbind: unbinding, unbinds
USAGE EXAMPLES
First of all, you need natural gas as a source of hydrogen, the element to which nitrogen binds to form ammonia.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
To restrain Burr, Hamilton wrote Morris, would be “to bind a Giant by a cobweb.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Martin’s books, season 6 finally broke free of its literary bindings.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 约束; 装订; 捆绑; （用长布条）缠绕
vt. & vi. （使）结合
n. 窘境，困境; 捆绑; 植物的藤蔓
时态：bound, binding, binds
分布：约束(37%)，装订(23%)，捆绑(21%)，团结(8%)，窘境(7%)，强迫(4%)
→词源同band, 绑。
v.捆,绑,包括,束缚I finally find that the financial findings are binding.我终于发现财经调查结果具有约束力.
verb (bound, bound)
 ADVANCED transitive
■to tie tightly or to fasten 捆绑，捆扎
• They bound the packages with brightly coloured ribbon. 他们用鲜艳的彩带把包裹扎起来。
• Bind together the two broken ends. 把断了的两端连起来。
• The prisoner was bound hand and foot. 那名囚犯手脚被绑。
transitive
■to unite people 使团结；使联合
• The things which bind them together are greater than their differences. 将他们团结在一起的力量胜过他们的分歧。
transitive (also bind up)
■To bind a part of the body, especially a part which is damaged, is to tie something round it 包扎
• He had already bound the child's arm when I arrived. 当我到达时，他已经把孩子的手臂包扎好了。
transitive
■to sew or stick material along the edges of something such as a jacket, in order to make it stronger or to decorate it 给…镶边；缝牢…的边
transitive
■to make separate pieces of paper into a book 装订（书籍）；把…装订成册
• There are several different ways to bind a book, for example you can stitch or stick the pages together. 钉装书籍的方法有几种，比如你可以将书页缝在一起或黏在一起。
⇒ See also bookbinding
intransitive or transitive
■When an egg or water is used especially in cooking to bind something it provides a way of making everything stick together in a solid mass （使）黏合；（使）凝结
• The mixture wouldn't bind (together). 这种混合物不会凝结。
[baɪnd] verb (bound, bound)
  Phrasal Verbs  [usually passive] bind sb to sth
■to force someone to keep a promise 使（某人）保证；迫使（某人）遵守约定
• His sister had been bound to secrecy. 他妹妹被迫承诺保守秘密。
• We are bound to the original contract. 我们都要遵守原本的合约。
[baɪnd] noun only singular informal
■a difficult situation in which you are prevented from acting as you might like 困境
• Having to visit her every week is a terrible bind. 每周都要拜访她，真令人难受。
• Borrowing money may put you in a real bind. 借钱可能会令你真正陷入困境。
chain, tie, secure, bind, fasten
这组词都有“扎牢、捆、绑”的意思，其区别是：
chain: 专指用链条或金属环将某人或某物锁住或系住。
tie: 普通用词，指用绳索等将东西扎紧捆牢。
secure: 指将某物紧紧地固定起来，使之完全无损。
bind: 多指把两个或两个以上的人或物牢牢地系或扎在一起。
fasten: 指把某物牢牢地拴在、钉在或锁在另一物上，使不能任意移动。
limit, restrain, bind, confine
limit: （能力或数量上）有限的
restrain: 抑制的，遏制的，可指彻底阻止也可指将……纳入控制、约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制vt
bind: 有约束力的
confine: （空间上）受限的
grant, restrain, bind
grant: 由于慷慨、仁慈而给予某物，通常是应请求人或根据权力要求的人（通常指下级）以某一要求所给予的东西
restrain: 抑制的，遏制的，可指彻底阻止也可指将……纳入控制、约束之中，强迫意味，可表示自我抑制vt
bind: 有约束力的
vi. 结合；装订；有约束力；过紧
 - bond, couple, become one, combine
vt. 绑； [法] 约束；装订；包扎；凝固
 - restrict, rope
n. 捆绑；困境；讨厌的事情；植物的藤蔓
 - difficulty, corner, dilemma, fix

Word: oil
Front: oil
[ɔɪl] (中高研四雅 546/906 -K5)
Vocabulary: oil
(once / 61 pages)
nv
Oil is a liquid fat or fuel. You might dress your salad with olive oil and use motor oil in your car's engine; just don't confuse the two!
There's the oil you put in your car or use to oil a rusty lock — then there's the oil you heat to stir fry vegetables or whisk with vinegar to make salad dressing. Chemically, these oils have a lot in common, from their tendency to avoid water to their slipperiness to the ease with which they catch on fire. Still, you'd never want to toss a bowl of spaghetti with motor oil — stick to olive oil instead.
WORD FAMILY
oil: oiled, oiler, oiling, oils, oily +/oiled: unoiled/oiler: oilers/ oily: oilier, oiliest, oilily, oiliness
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The biggest issues are traffic jams, no parking, accidents, and oil spills on the road,” he says.
The Guardian(Jan 03, 2017)
OIL: Benchmark U.S. crude was up 30 cents at $54.02 per barrel in New York.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A Russian oil firm paid a large court fine owed by one of his aides, spurring accusations that Moscow was buying influence.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 油; 石油; 油画; 燃油
vt. 给…加油
vi. 化成油
时态：oiled, oiling, oils
分布：油(97%)，加油(1%)，油画颜料(1%)，涂油(1%)
→来自拉丁语oleum,油，橄榄油，词源同olive.后词义通用化，也用于指石油，原油等。
n.油,石油v.给...加润滑油;涂油,上油There is an oil refinery nearby.附近有家炼油厂.
noun
FUEL 燃油
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■a thick liquid that comes from under the Earth's surface which is used as a fuel and for making parts of machines move easily 燃油；润滑油
• diesel/lubricating oil 柴油／润滑油
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■ petroleum (= the black oil obtained from under the Earth's surface from which petrol comes) 石油；原油
• drilling for oil 钻探石油
• the oil industry 石油工业
[ɔɪl] noun
FOR COOKING 食用
 IMPROVER countable or uncountable
■a smooth thick liquid produced from plants or animals that is used in cooking 食用油
• olive/corn/vegetable/sunflower oil 橄榄／玉米／植物／葵花籽油
[ɔɪl] noun
FOR BODY/HAIR 润肤／护发
countable or uncountable
■a smooth thick liquid that is used to improve the appearance or quality of the skin or hair 防护油；润肤油；护发油
• bath oil 沐浴润肤油
[ɔɪl] noun
PAINT 植物
oils
[plural]
■thick paints with an oil base, used for painting pictures 油画颜料
• Do you paint in oils or watercolours? 你画油画还是水彩画？
[ɔɪl] verb transitive
■to put oil on something, especially a machine, usually to make it work more easily without sticking 给（尤指机器）上油，给…上润滑油
⇒ See also well-oiled
[ɔɪl] verb transitive
oil the wheels informal
■to make it easier for something to happen 使顺利进行；促进
• An aid programme was established to oil the wheels of economic reform in the region. 制定了一项援助计划，使该地区的经济改革得以顺利进行。
fat, grease, oil
这组词都有“油”的意思，其区别是：
fat: 多指动物性脂肪，常为固态。
grease: 通常指经加热变柔软的油脂。
oil: 泛指植物、动物和矿物性液体油。
n. [油脂] 油；石油；油画颜料
 - petroleum, geoline
vt. 加油；涂油；使融化
 - gas, melt
vi. 融化；加燃油
 - thaw out

Word: inflection
Front: inflection
[ɪnˈflekʃn] (16353/20216)
Vocabulary: inflection
(once / 2151 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Inflection refers to the ups and downs of a language. Even if you can’t understand Italian yet, the inflection in your professor’s voice should tip you off to whether she's asking a question, giving a command, or making a joke.
What began in the 1500s as a noun of action spelled inflexion has since evolved into inflection, a word with grammatical connotation. Inflection most often refers to the pitch and tone patterns in a person’s speech: where the voice rises and falls. But inflection also describes a departure from a normal or straight course. When you change, or bend, the course of a soccer ball by bouncing it off another person, that’s an example of inflection.
WORD FAMILY
inflection: inflectional, inflections+/ inflect: inflected, inflecting, inflection, inflects, inflexion/inflected: uninflected/inflexion: inflexions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This would represent a major inflection point — perhaps the major inflection point — in the development of something that felt like true artificial intelligence.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
The man’s ready with a discourse on the subject, complete with sincerity-steeped rhetorical inflections.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
In time, I may change my mind and my inflection so that the reaction becomes “What!” and “That was insane!”
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 变音，转调
分布：音调变化(68%)，屈曲(16%)，变调(16%)
→来自inflect,屈折。
词尾变化(inflect+ion)[flect,flex=bend,表示"弯曲"]
(UK also inflexion) [ɪn'flek.ʃən] noun
GRAMMAR 文法
 ADVANCED countable
■a change in or addition to the form of a word which shows a change in the way it is used in sentences 屈折成分；屈折变化
• If you add the plural inflection '-s' to 'dog' you get 'dogs'. 在 dog 这个词后面加上复数的屈折成分 -s，就成为 dogs。
(UK also inflexion) [ɪn'flek.ʃən] noun
SPEECH 言语
countable or uncountable
■the way in which the sound of your voice changes during speech, for example when you emphasize particular words 语调的抑扬变化
• His voice was low and flat, with almost no inflection. 他的嗓音低沉平淡，语调几乎没有甚么变化。
n. 弯曲，变形；音调变化
 - deformation, transformation, distortion, curve, give

Word: supplementary
Front: supplementary
[ˌsʌplɪˈmentri] (六托雅 16252/5828 -1)
Vocabulary: supplementary
(once / 2936 pages)
adj
Supplementary is a little something extra to fill in a gap, like when your teacher suggests supplementary reading material that you may or may not get around to checking out.
Supplementary can be an important part of something or just extra support. The word supplement comes from the Latin supplementum for "something added to fix a deficiency" and the suffix -ary means "connected with." Put them together and you have something connected with filling in. The supplementary support of digging a moat around your sand castle might save it from a wave, but that supplementary reading on your syllabus isn't required (although it might save your grade).
WORD FAMILY
supplementary: supplementarily+/ supplement: supplemental, supplementary, supplementation, supplemented, supplementing, supplements
USAGE EXAMPLES
To join this Slate Academy and hear other episodes, chat in our private Facebook group, and read supplementary materials, visit slate.com/debt.
Slate(Dec 13, 2016)
Supplementary scholarship funds from liquor taxes help New Mexico offset 90 percent of in-state tuition for more than 30,000 public university and college students.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
The resulting coverage per strain is given in Supplementary Table 5.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 增补的，追加的; supplementary
n. 补充者; 增补物
分布：补充的(60%)，附加的(40%)
→supplement,补充，增补，-ary,形容词后缀。
【记】源于：supply（v /n 补给）
US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
EXTRA 额外 (US also supplemental)
■additional 额外
• a supplementary income 额外收入
UK [ˌsʌp.lɪ'men.tər.i] US [-tˌɚ-] adjective
ANGLE 角 specialized
■If an angle is supplementary to another angle, it forms 180° when combined with it. （角）互补的
additional, extra, supplementary
这组词都有“另加的，额外的”的意思，其区别是：
additional: 由名词additon派生出的形容词，指在原有基础上添加上去的。
extra: 指不包括本身而额外加上去的部分。
supplementary: 由名词supplement派生而来，指对原有的追加或补究。
adj. 补充的；追加的
 - complementary, adscititious
n. 补充者；增补物
 - enlargement

Word: maneuvering
Front: maneuvering
[mə'nu:vərɪŋ] (16360/-)
Back: v. 移动，用策略( maneuver的现在分词 ); 操纵
分布：机动(99%)，动词maneuver的现在分词形式.(1%)
v. 机动；操纵；演习（maneuver的ing形式）
 - manipulating
n. 机动
 - engine driven

Word: snippet
Front: snippet
[ˈsnɪpɪt] (托 16367/18739 -1)
Vocabulary: snippet
(once / 3080 pages)
n
A snippet is a tiny piece. You might only have time to read a snippet of "Moby Dick" before your early English class — just enough to know it's a book about a whale.
While a snippet can be a literal fragment of something, like a snippet of hair clipped off the end of your dog's tail, the word is often used to talk about less physical bits. You may get a snippet of information by watching TV news with the sound turned off, or end your writing workshop with just a snippet of an idea for your screenplay. It comes from snip, with its Low German root snippen, "to snip or shred."
WORD FAMILY
snippet: snippets
USAGE EXAMPLES
His coaching staff and his players need only the snippets relevant to their work.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The short, edited snippets on some telecasts were hardly enough to satisfy his appetite for access.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those voice snippets and transcripts, along with Alexa’s responses, are stored on Amazon’s servers.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 小片，片段; 不知天高地厚的年轻人
分布：小片(87%)，小部分(13%)
→snip,剪断，-et,小词后缀。引申诸相关词义。
['snɪp.ɪt] informal
noun countable
■a small and often interesting piece of news, information or conversation 一条，一则（新闻、消息或谈话）
• I heard an interesting snippet on the radio this morning. 今天早上我从广播里听到了一则有趣的新闻。
• I love listening to snippets of conversation in restaurants. 我喜欢在餐厅里听一些谈话的片断。
n. 小片；片断；不知天高地厚的年轻人
 - bisquit, sippet

Word: uncontrollably
Front: uncontrollably
[,ʌnkən'trəuləbli] (16355/20365)
Back: adv. 无法控制地
分布：控制不住的(72%)，无法管束的(28%)
ADJ
无法控制的；控制不住的
If you describe a feeling or physical action as uncontrollable, you mean that you cannot control it or prevent yourself from feeling or doing it.
例：It had been a time of almost uncontrollable excitement...那是一个几乎难以抑制亢奋的时期。
例：William was seized with uncontrollable rage...威廉怒不可遏。
ADJ
难以管束的；放肆的
If you describe a person as uncontrollable, you mean that their behaviour is bad and that nobody can make them behave more sensibly.
例：Mark was withdrawn and uncontrollable...马克沉默寡言，难以管束。
例：Uncontrollable children grow into young criminals.任性放肆的孩子会变成年轻的罪犯。
ADJ
（局势等）无法掌控的
If you describe a situation or series of events as uncontrollable, you believe that nothing can be done to control them or to prevent things from getting worse.
例：If political and ethnic problems are not resolved the situation could become uncontrollable.如果政治和民族问题得不到解决，局面可能会失控。

Word: litmus
Front: litmus
[ˈlɪtməs] (16349/36064)
Vocabulary: litmus
(once / 11879 pages)
n
Litmus is a special dye that's used to determine how acidic a substance is. Scientists use litmus to test liquids or gases to see if they're an acid or a base.
Litmus is the mix of dyes that's used to make litmus paper, a scientific tool that makes it easy to see if a material has an acidic pH. Made from lichen, litmus can be absorbed onto paper which turns blue to indicate an alkaline substance and red if it's acidic. Litmus comes from the Middle Dutch word lijkmoes, which combines lac, "red resinous substance" and moes, "pulp."
WORD FAMILY
litmus
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Merry Christmas” is an expression of goodwill, not a litmus test for determining who does, or does not, support a Christian religion.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Specificity would still be needed for, say, pollution discharge limits, but the litmus test should be whatever achieves the desired results.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
The next few years, and the rise of a new generation of filmmakers, will be the litmus test for the arrival of streaming.
The New Yorker(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: n. 石蕊
分布：石蕊(100%)
→来自古诺斯语litmosi,用地衣中提取的染色颜料，来自lit，颜色，染料，来自wel,看，词源同vultus(拉丁语，面容，容貌),moss,苔藓，地衣。后该词用于指石蕊，因石蕊来自地衣植物中提取的蓝色色素。
noun uncountable
■a powder which is turned red by acid and blue by alkali 石蕊
• litmus paper 石蕊试纸
• a litmus test 石蕊测试

Word: screaming
Front: screaming
['skri:mɪŋ] (14886/18978)
Back: adj. 尖叫的，令人惊愕的，引人捧腹大笑的
v. （因伤痛、害怕、激动等）尖叫 ~发出尖叫声( scream的现在分词 ); （向某人或为某事）高声喊; 发出大而尖的声音; 呼啸而过
分布：尖叫的(80%)，动词scream的现在分词.(5%)，发出尖锐声音的(5%)，令人惊叹的(5%)，使人发笑的(5%)
VERB
(因痛苦、恐惧等)尖叫，惊呼
When someone screams, they make a very loud, high-pitched cry, for example because they are in pain or are very frightened.
例：Women were screaming; some of the houses nearest the bridge were on fire...女人们在尖叫;离桥最近的几所房屋起火了。
例：If I hear one more joke about my hair, I shall scream...如果我再听到有人拿我的头发开玩笑，我就会尖叫。
VERB
尖叫着说;高声喊出
If you scream something, you shout it in a loud, high-pitched voice.
例：'Brigid!' she screamed. 'Get up!'...“布里吉德！”她尖叫道，“起来！”
例：I was screaming at them to get out of my house...我尖叫着让他们离开我的家。
VERB
发出尖锐刺耳的声音
When something makes a loud, high-pitched noise, you can say that it screams .
例：She slammed the car into gear, the tyres screaming as her foot jammed against the accelerator...她用力关上车门发动汽车，脚猛踩油门时轮胎发出刺耳的声音。
例：As he talked, an airforce jet screamed over the town.他谈话时，一架军用喷气式飞机在镇子上空呼啸而过。
N-SING
极其滑稽可笑的人
If you say that someone is a scream, you think they are very funny.
n. 尖叫声；啸声；振动
 - vibration, oscillation

Word: beeper
Front: beeper
[ˈbi:pə(r)] (16329/-)
Back: n. 能发出哔哔声音的仪器
分布：呼叫器(100%)
US [-pɚ] US (UK bleeper)
noun countable
■a pager

Word: caress
Front: caress
[kəˈres] (研托宝 11683/10613 -1)
Vocabulary: caress
(once / 429 pages)
vn
To caress someone or something means to stroke it gently in a loving or affectionate manner. Don't you love to caress the soft fur of your pet hamster or cat?
The word caress can be either a verb or a noun, both of which refer primarily to the affectionate petting or stroking of another. You can also use caress to mean any sort of kind or loving action, and it can be accomplished by things other than people. The soft wind can caress your skin as you walk towards the ocean’s edge. And who doesn't love the caress of smooth silk sheets against your skin when you get into bed?!
WORD FAMILY
caress: caressed, caresses, caressing+/caressing: caressings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sher delivers an eloquent performance in which words are caressed, sentences are elucidated, and the art of elocution is grandly paraded.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
She caressed my pillow; I knew she was afraid to touch me and cause me pain.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
It shares with Wagner’s ‘Parsifal’ this idea of the wound of the world, and of a piece of music that can heal with its caress.”
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 爱抚，抚摸; 接吻; 拥抱
vt. 爱抚，抚摸; 怜爱，宠爱; 亲吻
时态：caressed, caressing, caresses
分布：爱抚(47%)，抚摸(34%)，拥抱(12%)，怜爱(7%)
→来自PIE *ka, 爱，喜欢。词源同charity, whore(爱人，委婉语妓女).
爱抚,拥抱[car,char=dear,表示"可爱的"]
vt.／n.爱抚,抚摸The hosttess caress the kitten in her arm.女主人把小猫抱在臂弯里抚摸着.
【记】读：可爱死了－爱抚
verb intransitive or transitive
■to touch or kiss someone in a gentle and loving way 爱抚；抚摸；亲吻
• Gently he caressed her cheek. 他轻抚她的脸颊。
vt. 爱抚，抚抱
 - daut, dawt
n. 爱抚，拥抱；接吻
 - petting, embracement

Word: heartily
Front: heartily
[ˈhɑ:tɪli] (16369/14496)
Back: adv. 尽情地; 强烈地; 坚定地; 极为
分布：衷心地(51%)，热心地(25%)，彻底地(12%)，打心眼里(12%)
US ['hɑ:r.tˌɪ-] adverb
ENTHUSIASTIC 热情地
■enthusiastically, energetically and often loudly 热情地；精力充沛地
• She laughed heartily at the joke. 那个笑话把她逗得开怀大笑。
UK ['hɑ:.tɪ.li] US ['hɑ:r.tˌɪ-] adverb
LARGE 大
■completely or very much 完全地；非常地
• I am heartily sick of the whole situation. 整件事让我厌恶至极。
adv. 衷心地；热忱地；痛快地
 - feelingly, spicily

Word: frenetic
Front: frenetic
[frəˈnetɪk] (托宝 16374/18691 -1)
Vocabulary: frenetic
(once / 10341 pages)
adj
The adjective frenetic is another way to say frenzied, frantic, or totally worked up. Kind of how you'd run around the kitchen madly trying to cook a last-minute dinner for 30 of your closest friends.
Sometimes tinged with fear and often quite maniacal, frenetic comes from the Latin phreneticus, meaning “delirious.” The Latin word, in turn, came from a similarly spelled Greek word which, when translated literally, means “inflammation of the brain.” So it's no surprise that a frenetic person looks absolutely crazed and super anxious.
WORD FAMILY
frenetic: frenetically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The relentless athleticism and frenetic pace delighted the home crowd and dizzied the visiting team.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
But during the frenetic whirl of exhibition preparations, Owens was nowhere on site.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 17, 2016)
It's lunch time and the kitchen is a hive of frenetic activity.
BBC(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 发狂的; 狂乱的; 狂热的; 非常激动的
n. 疯子; 狂人
分布：狂热的(70%)，发狂的(24%)，发狂者(6%)
→来自希腊语phren, 脑，思维，词源同frenzy, phrenology. 即大脑思维出问题的，发狂的。
【记】fren＝phren记忆，心灵；参：frantic（adj 狂乱的；疯狂的）
【参】phrenetic（adj 精神错乱的；狂热的）是frenetic的变体
US [-'netˌ-] adjective
■involving a lot of movement or activity; extremely active, excited or uncontrolled 发狂的，狂乱的
• After weeks of frenetic activity , the job was finally finished. 经过几个星期的疯狂忙活，工作终于完成了。
• There was frenetic trading on the Stock Exchange yesterday. 昨天股票交易所交易非常热络。
adj. 狂热的；发狂的
 - crazy, wild, enthusiastic
n. 疯子；狂人
 - madman, nutcase

Word: feudal
Front: feudal
[ˈfju:dl] (研托 16368/8115 -1)
Vocabulary: feudal
(once / 685 pages)
adj
Anything feudal relates to the medieval system of feudalism — where the nobility owned the land while everyone else worked it. It was no fun to be a lowly serf in the feudal system.
Though it has roots in Latin, the adjective feudal (and its relative feudalism) were created by historians to describe the social system after it actually took place. Feudal may both look and sound similar to feud as in a long standing fight, but it’s not actually related — unless the argument happened to take place in medieval Europe.
WORD FAMILY
feudal: feudalism, feudalize, feudally, feudatory+/ feudalism: feudalisms, feudalistic/feudalistic: feudalistically/feudalize: feudalized/feudatory: feudatories
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Scorsese’s film, a gaunt Garfield portrays a priest grappling with a flagging faith while on a mission in 17th century feudal Japan.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“A lot of people carry the baggage of tradition and archaic, feudal thinking because that’s the way they were socialized,” Kumari said.
Washington Post(Dec 09, 2016)
A feudal lord’s procession is scarcely noticeable amid the snow of “Kameyama,” under a narrow strip of blue sky.
Washington Post(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 封建的; 领地的; 世仇的
分布：封建的(82%)，封地的(18%)
→来自peku, 牛。引申词义耕作，耕种，指有土地所有权的国王或庄园领主把土地封给其臣民或臣子进行耕作，以臣民或臣子上交一定的地租或提供劳务服务做为交换，类似于中国古代的分封制。该词与feud没有任何词源联系。比较其同源词fee, pecuniary.
a.封建的;封地的;领地的His grandfather used to be a feudal lord.他的祖父原来是个封建主.
adjective
■relating to the social system of Western Europe in the Middle Ages or any society that is organised according to rank 封建（制度）的
• the feudal system 封建制度
• a feudal lord/kingdom/society 封建地主／王国／社会
adj. 封建制度的；领地的；世仇的
 - feodal

Word: conifer
Front: conifer
[ˈkɒnɪfə(r)] (托宝 16342/12460 -1)
Vocabulary: conifer
(once / 9030 pages)
n
A conifer is a type of tree that produces cones and evergreen needles. Spot a pile of cones beneath a tree and you've found yourself a conifer.
With the word cone embedded in it, it's no surprise that conifer is the term used for cone-producing trees. Conifers can often be identified by their typically long needle-shaped leaves like the kind you find on a Christmas tree. Mostly found in northern forests where the winters are cold, the tough prickly leaves on conifers make them adaptable to the weather.
WORD FAMILY
conifer: coniferous, conifers
USAGE EXAMPLES
SUN January walks focus on conifers, evergreen trees in our collection, 1 p.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Genetic material from the trees was being used in an international programme to conserve conifers.
BBC(Dec 07, 2016)
Several conifers will turn a brilliant purple in winter after the temperatures drop.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. [植]针叶树; 松柏科植物
分布：针叶树(100%)
→cone, 锥形。-fer, 携带，含有，词源同bear, infer. 因其锥形松果而得名。
针叶树(coni松果+fer→带来松果的树→针叶树)[fer=bring,carry,表示"带来,拿来"]
【记】con＝cone（n 圆锥，松果），fer带来－带来松果的树一针叶树
【参】coniform（adj 圆锥形的）；conference（n 会议；协商会）
US ['kɑ:.nɪ.fɚ] noun countable
■one of various types of evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree which produce fruit in the form of cones 针叶树

Word: inanimate
Front: inanimate
[ɪnˈænɪmət] (托宝 16370/14461)
Vocabulary: inanimate
(once / 1942 pages)
1adj 2adj
Inanimate describes a non-living thing. Chairs, baseballs, sofa cushions and sadly, snowmen, are all inanimate objects.
We can break inanimate down into two Latin roots: in, which means “not,” and animatus, which translates to “alive.” So inanimate means simply, "not alive." That include things that are recently dead, things that were never alive to begin with, and things that simply look dead: A bear in hibernation may appear inanimate due to its decreased heart rate, but don’t be fooled — it’s very much alive.
WORD FAMILY
inanimate: inanimately, inanimateness+/ animate: animated, animateness, animates, animating, animatingly, animation, animator, inanimate, reanimate / animated: animatedly, unanimated/ animation: animations/ animator: animators/ reanimate: reanimated, reanimates, reanimating
USAGE EXAMPLES
In each, a lone actor sits at a table and re-tells one of the playwright’s complex dramas using inanimate kitchen objects.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Murray railed at himself and everything else, inanimate objects and those breathing heavily on his behalf throughout the packed arena, in good moments and bad.
The Guardian(Nov 19, 2016)
The resulting pictures show inanimate objects caught up in restless movement: some circle, some gather, some dip.
The New Yorker(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 无生命的; 无生气的; 无精打采的; 单调的
分布：无生命的(100%)
→in-,不，非，animate,有生命的。
无生命的(in无＋anim+ate生命)[anim=life,spirit,表示"生命,精神"等]
无生命的(in无+anim生命)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
【记】animate（v 鼓舞adj 生气勃勃的）源于：animal（n 动物；牲畜）
【参】unanimous（adj 意见一致的；想法一致的）
adjective
■having none of the characteristics of life that an animal or plant has 无生命的
• He looks at me as if I'm an inanimate object. 他看着我的样子好像我是个没有生命的物体。
adj. [医] 无生命的；无生气的
 - dead, lifeless

Word: self-government
Front: self-government
[ˈselfˈgʌvənmənt] None
Back: n. 自治; 自制; 克己
分布：自治(78%)，自制(22%)
US [-ɚn-] noun uncountable
■the control of a country or an area by the people living there, or the control of an organization by a group of people independent of central or local government 自治；独立自主
• The poll showed that 80% of the population supported regional self-government. 投票显示80%的人口支持区域自治。
n. 自治；自制；克己
 - autonomy, possession

Word: daydream
Front: daydream
[ˈdeɪdri:m] (16376/24655 -1)
Vocabulary: daydream
(once / 8921 pages)
nv
A daydream is a fantasy you have while you're awake. Daydreams are pleasant, and they can be so absorbing that they distract you from what's going on around you.
You might have a daydream about moving to a big city, or about how you'd spend your millions if you won the lottery. To do this — dream, muse, or fantasize — is also to daydream. Your math teacher might scold you, saying, "You can't daydream in the middle of the calculus final!" The word dates from the 17th century.
WORD FAMILY
daydream: daydreamed, daydreamer, daydreaming, daydreams+/daydreamer: daydreamers
USAGE EXAMPLES
The first scenario seems realistic, whereas the second seems like a lovely daydream.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
As I pondered the stakes of this new kind of labor, the conference room groaned, interrupting the daydream.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The two donated a Google Pixel Android phone and a Google Daydream headset to the Pioneers’ Home.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 白日梦; 幻想，空想
vi. 做白日梦
时态：daydreamed, day-dreamed, daydreaming, daydreams'
分布：白日梦(60%)，幻想(23%)，做白日梦(17%)
noun countable usually singular
■a set of pleasant thoughts about something you would prefer to be doing or something you would like to achieve in the future 美梦，幻想，白日梦
• He never paid attention in class and seemed to be in a permanent daydream. 他在课堂上总是集中不了注意力，好像一直在做白日梦似的。
• I was just enjoying a daydream about winning the Nobel Prize for literature. 我只不过在幻想着自己获得了诺贝尔文学奖。
vi. 做白日梦
 - chase the rainbows
n. 白日梦
 - Day Dreaming, fantasy

Word: slim
Front: slim
[slɪm] (高研六托雅 5312/4710 -3)
Vocabulary: slim
(once / 503 pages)
adjv
Anything slim is thin or narrow. So, your sister may be considered slim, and you could also have "a slim chance" of winning the lottery.
Slim people are slender, and slim things are usually delicate, like a slim watch band. You can also use slim to describe a margin or a chance: "There was only a slim likelihood that the home team would win this game." Back in the early 1800s, to slim meant "to do one's work carelessly," and in the seventeenth century, the adjective was also used to mean "sly or crafty."
WORD FAMILY
slim: slimly, slimmed, slimmer, slimmest, slimming, slimness, slims
USAGE EXAMPLES
Resolving the contradictions within the government’s various positions, and preventing backbench revolts destroying its slim parliamentary majority, will be all-consuming.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Basically you sew together an obese mouse that is missing leptin with a slim mouse, surgically attaching their circulatory systems.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Last year, Alabama required a kick-return touchdown and an extra possession bought by a surprise onside kick to beat the Tigers by a slim margin.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: adj. 苗条的，纤细的; 微小的; 细长的; 无价值的
vi. 使苗条; 减肥
时态：slimmed, slimming, slims
分布：苗条的(51%)，减肥(23%)，细长的(12%)，微小的(7%)，缩减(7%)
→来自辅音丛 sl-,黏的，滑的，光滑的。引申比喻义瘦弱的，苗条的，纤细的，以及动词词义 使苗条，减肥。
a.苗条的;(机会)少的v.减轻体重,变苗条The slim Muslim reached his climax when he found the axis of the galaxy.苗条的穆斯林在发现银河的轴线时达到了(人生的)顶点.
adjective (slimmer, slimmest) approving
 IMPROVER
■(especially of people) attractively thin （尤指人）苗条的，纤细的
• slim hips/legs 纤细的臀部／腿
• She's got a lovely slim figure. 她有一副迷人的苗条身材。
• figurative They've only a slim chance of winning (= It's unlikely that they will win). 他们获胜的机会微乎其微。
[slɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-) UK to try to get thinner by eating less food and taking more exercise 减肥，瘦身
• You haven't got much lunch - are you slimming? 你午饭吃得不多——在减肥吗？
[slɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-) UK
  Phrasal Verbs  slim down
■to become thinner 变瘦，变苗条
• He's really slimmed down over the last few months. 这几个月来他的确瘦多了。
[slɪm] verb intransitive (-mm-) UK
  Phrasal Verbs  slim sth down
■to reduce the size of something 减少，缩小
• It is not our intention to slim down the workforce. 裁减员工并不是我们的本意。
lean, slim, slight, slender, thin
这组词都有“瘦的”的意思，其区别是：
lean: 侧重缺少脂肪。既可能是因病而瘦，也可能因饥饿而消瘦。也指身体消瘦，但肌肉结实，身体健康。
slim: 指身体的细长，体重轻不着重外形的优美，可用于不同的性别，常用于减轻体重的人。
slight: 指身材又瘦又小。
slender: 指身体细长、体态优美、苗条适中，多用于指女性。
thin: 普通用词，指腰细、骨架窄，常因疾病或疲劳而消瘦。
adj. 苗条的；修长的；无价值的
 - slender, willowy
vi. 减轻体重；变细
 - thin down

Word: clueless
Front: clueless
[ˈklu:ləs] (16373/37587)
Vocabulary: clueless
(once / 18911 pages)
adj
Someone is clueless if they have no idea what's happening. The unsuspecting victim of a practical joke is usually clueless right up until everyone starts laughing.
You could reassure your brother that your mom has no idea you're planning a surprise party by saying, "Don't worry, she's totally clueless." Or you might worry that your friend failed the big geometry test, based on the clueless expression on his face during the exam. In the 1860s, clueless meant "leaving no clues behind," but by 1943 it gained its current meaning, which became even more popular as student slang in the 1980s.
WORD FAMILY
clueless: cluelessly+/ clue: clued, clueless, clues, cluing
USAGE EXAMPLES
To speak up for a two-state solution today is to be dismissed as clueless.
The New Yorker(Dec 28, 2016)
A GM and coach who are clueless about talent and a winning culture, and a half-empty stadium.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“And what do you do?” the man continued, clueless.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 无能的，笨的
分布：无线索的(62%)，无能的(38%)
['klu:.ləs] informal
adjective
■having no knowledge of something, or of things in general 无线索的；一无所知的；一窍不通的
• Most people are completely clueless about tide directions and weather conditions. 大多数人对潮汐的方向和天气状况一无所知。
adj. 无线索的；愚蠢的
 - foolish, stupid

Word: goblet
Front: goblet
[ˈgɒblət] (宝 16341/16516)
Back: n. 高脚酒杯
分布：高脚杯(55%)，酒杯(45%)
→来自gob, 嘴。-let, 小词后缀。
【记】读：高杯立她－一个高脚玻璃杯立在她的手上
US ['gɑ:.blət] mainly old use
noun countable
■a container from which drink, especially wine, is drunk, usually made of glass or metal, and with a stem and a base but no handles （尤指盛酒的，通常用玻璃或金属做的）无柄高脚杯
n. 酒杯；高脚杯
 - drinking cup, Tassie

Word: moustache
Front: moustache
[məˈstɑ:ʃ] (高雅 16314/7198 -1)
Back: n. 髭; 小胡子; 触须
分布：小胡子(87%)，八字须(13%)
US ['mʌs.tæʃ] noun countable
 ADVANCED
■hair which a man grows above his upper lip 髭，八字须
• Groucho Marx had a thick black moustache. 格鲁乔‧马克斯留着浓密的黑色八字须。
n. 小胡子；髭；触须
 - antenna, taz

Word: yelp
Front: yelp
[jelp] (托 16317/23585)
Vocabulary: yelp
(once / 1814 pages)
nv
A yelp is a loud cry of pain, like what you’d hear after you step on a dog’s tail by accident. It was an accident, right?
The root of yelp is the Old English word gielp, which means “boast.” Clearly the meaning has changed over time, since yelping is nothing to boast about, as it usually involves pain of some kind. The word works as a noun and a verb, so you could say “I can hear a dog yelping,” or “The dog’s yelps kept me up all night.” You could also pet your dog a lot, which will help with the yelps.
WORD FAMILY
yelp: yelped, yelping, yelps+/yelping: yelpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also prompted a spike in both positive and negative reviews on the restaurant’s Yelp page.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
“Sometimes you get lucky with your 11 hours of Yelp research, but we’re trying to streamline that process,” Ms. Lambert said.
New York Times(Dec 26, 2016)
“Keep on wiping me,” he sang, then yelped, “in private!”
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. （因痛苦、气愤、兴奋等的）短而尖的叫声
vi. 发出短而尖的叫声
时态：yelped, yelping, yelps
分布：叫喊(63%)，吠(25%)，叫喊声(12%)
→来自ghel,叫喊，呼喊，拟声词，词源同nightingale,yell.
verb intransitive
■to make a sudden, short, high sound, usually when in pain （因疼痛而）尖叫
• I accidentally trod on the dog's foot and it yelped. 我不小心踩到狗的脚，结果它尖叫起来。
vi. 叫喊；狗吠
 - bawl out
vt. （因痛而）叫喊，叫喊着说
 - cry, bawl out
n. 尖叫，大叫；吠声
 - outcry, screeching

Word: wimp
Front: wimp
[wɪmp] (16346/20288 -1)
Back: n. 懦弱的人，无用的人; （俗语）瘪三
abbr. [计](=Windows Icons Mouse and Pointers)用户界面
分布：懦弱的人(67%)，无用的人(33%)
→可能缩写自whimper，拟声词，哭泣，呜咽，引申义懦夫。
noun countable informal disapproving
■a person who is not strong, brave or confident 懦弱无用的人
• I'm afraid I'm a bit of a wimp when it comes to climbing up ladders. 要说爬梯子，恐怕我会有点胆小。
[wɪmp] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  wimp out informal
■to decide not to do something because you are too frightened 因恐惧而不做…
• I was going to do a parachute jump but I wimped out at the last minute. 我打算去跳伞，但到最后一刻我还是被吓住了。
n. 懦弱的人；无能的人
 - milksop, whimling

Word: betrayed
Front: betrayed
[biˈtreid] (16381/21200)
Back: v. 对…不忠( betray的过去式和过去分词 ); 背叛; 出卖; 泄露
分布：背叛(59%)，出卖(29%)，泄露(7%)，显露(5%)
VERB
失信于；辜负
If you betray someone who loves or trusts you, your actions hurt and disappoint them.
例：When I tell someone I will not betray his confidence I keep my word...如果我告诉某人我不会辜负他的信任，我就会恪守诺言。
例：The President betrayed them when he went back on his promise not to raise taxes.总统背叛了他们，违背了不加税的诺言。
VERB
背叛；出卖
If someone betrays their country or their friends, they give information to an enemy, putting their country's security or their friends' safety at risk.
例：They offered me money if I would betray my associates...他们提出来只要我供出同伙就给我钱。
例：The group were informers, and they betrayed the plan to the Germans.这帮人是告密者，他们把计划泄露给了德国人。
VERB
违背，背弃（理想或原则）
If you betray an ideal or your principles, you say or do something which goes against those beliefs.
例：We betray the ideals of our country when we support capital punishment.如果我们支持死刑，那就背弃了我们立国的理念。
VERB
流露出；暴露出
If you betray a feeling or quality, you show it without intending to.
例：She studied his face, but it betrayed nothing...她仔细端详了一番他的脸，但什么也没有看出来。
例：He nodded his head instead of saying anything where his voice might betray him.他一言不发，只是点头，因为一开口可能会露出破绽。

Word: dissonance
Front: dissonance
[ˈdɪsənəns] (托 16305/25218)
Vocabulary: dissonance
(once / 9120 pages)
n
Disagreeable sounds can be called dissonance. You know it's dissonance if you have the strong desire to cover your ears with your hands.
Racket, noise, dissonance — all can describe sounds that are not pleasant. While some musicians purposely add a little dissonance into their melodies to create an unexpected sound, others, like someone who just started drum lessons, creates dissonance by accident. Dissonance can also be a conflict between people or opinions, like the dissonance you feel when you want to do something but your parents say "no."
WORD FAMILY
dissonance: dissonances+/ dissonant: dissonance, dissonantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
This power of belief over evidence is the result of two factors: cognitive dissonance and the backfire effect.
Salon(Dec 26, 2016)
Her songs are straightforward, driving and melodic, with some lightly surreal storytelling but little of the dissonance of her old band.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
I soon became familiar with this sense of sonic dissonance.
Slate(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 不和谐音，不一致
分布：不一致(52%)，不和谐(48%)
→dis-, 不，非，使相反。-son,声音，词源同sound, consonance. 即不同的声音，引申词义不和。
不和谐(dis不+son+ance→声音不一致)[son=sound,表示"声音"]
【记】dis坏，son声音－声音不好－刺耳
【参】dissonant（adj 不谐和的；刺耳的）＝discordant
【反】concord（n 和谐；一致；和睦）
US [-ə.nənts] noun uncountable specialized
■a combination of sounds or musical notes that are not pleasant when heard together 不和谐音
• the jarring dissonance of Klein's musical score 克莱茵乐谱中刺耳的不和谐音
formal
■disagreement 分歧，异议
n. 不一致；不调和；不和谐音
 - variance, disagreement, disparity, disharmony

Word: refractor
Front: refractor
[rɪˈfræktə(r)] (16447/-)
Back: n. 折射物; 折射媒介; 折射望远镜; 折射器
分布：折射望远镜(50%)，折射媒体(25%)，折射透镜(25%)

Word: haunt
Front: haunt
[hɔ:nt] (六托雅宝 5014/6064 -2)
Vocabulary: haunt
(once / 202 pages)
vn
The verb to haunt means to appear as a ghost or some kind of supernatural phenomenon. Ebenezer Scrooge was haunted by the Ghosts of Christmases Past, Present and Future.
The first recorded usage of the word haunt is in William Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a play filled with supernatural characters running around scaring the knickers off each other. As Shakespeare knew, haunting is at its most effective in the passive voice, because there is much more drama in being haunted than haunting. Another use of the word haunt is as a noun, and it means "a place that is frequented often," like a popular hangout. The gym, a bar, a corner: these are all potential haunts. The dentist, the principal’s office, a busy intersection: these are not.
WORD FAMILY
haunt: haunted, haunting, haunts+/haunting: hauntingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Their expressions are shy and calm, yet the picture is haunting.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
On Christmas Day, the Answer Wife suggested that Answer Man start a rumor that the Trump International Hotel is haunted.
Washington Post(Dec 31, 2016)
As 2017 dawns, the ghost of Lord Balfour still haunts us.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: vt. 时常萦绕心头，使困窘; 常去; 以鬼魂形式出现; 时常出现在，弥漫
vi. 尤指鬼魂重回或常去
n. 〈方〉鬼或其它超自然物体; 常去的地方
时态：haunted, haunting, haunts
分布：常到(43%)，徘徊(23%)，缠住(19%)，常到的地方(15%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*haimaz,家，住所，词源同home.该词原指死后回家的灵魂，引申词义鬼魂出没，萦绕。拼写比较lamp,lantern.
【记】h＝home，aunt：姑奶奶家－常去的地方
【参】gaunt（adj 憔悴的）割aunt的肉；taunt（vt 嘲弄；奚落）踢aunt；vaunt（v 自夸）aunt伸出两个手指V
US [hɑ:nt] verb transitive
REPEATEDLY TROUBLE 反覆烦扰
 ADVANCED
■to cause repeated suffering or anxiety 使经常苦恼；不断困扰
• Fighting in Vietnam was an experience that would haunt him for the rest of his life. 越南战争的经历给他日后的生活留下了挥之不去的阴影。
• Thirty years after the fire he is still haunted by images of death and destruction. 那场火灾过去30年之后，死亡和毁灭的场景仍在他脑海中挥之不去。
UK [hɔ:nt] US [hɑ:nt] verb transitive
SPIRIT 幽灵
■(of a ghost) to appear in a place repeatedly （鬼魂）经常出没
• A ghostly lady is said to haunt the stairway looking for her children. 据说有一个女人像幽灵似的经常出现在楼梯上寻找她的孩子。
UK [hɔ:nt] US [hɑ:nt] noun countable
■a place often visited 常去的地方
• This pub used to be one of your old haunts, didn't it Jim? 这个酒吧你以前经常去，对不对，吉姆？
n. 栖息地；常去的地方
 - habitat, purlieu

Word: geologic
Front: geologic
[dʒiəˈlɔdʒik] (托 16372/-)
Back: adj. 地质（学）的，地质（学）上的
分布：地质的(100%)

Word: elucidate
Front: elucidate
[iˈlu:sɪdeɪt] (托宝 16285/15382)
Vocabulary: elucidate
(once / 2255 pages)
v
If you elucidate something, you explain it very clearly. If you don't understand fractions, a visit to the pie shop may elucidate the subject for you.
Elucidate is from Late Latin elucidare, from the Latin prefix e- "thoroughly" plus lucidus "clear, bright." This Latin adjective is the source of English lucid, which describes someone who thinks clearly or something that is clear enough to understand.
WORD FAMILY
elucidate: elucidated, elucidates, elucidating, elucidation, elucidative+/ elucidation: elucidations/elucidative: elucidatively/ lucid: lucidest, lucidity, lucidly, lucidness/ lucidity: elucidate, lucidities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sher delivers an eloquent performance in which words are caressed, sentences are elucidated, and the art of elocution is grandly paraded.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
From Wesley Lowery’s reportage on police shootings to Zadie Smith’s new novel, they elucidate and offer escape from the noisy politics of our times.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
The night-time city is full of opportunities to probe, examine and elucidate.
The Guardian(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 阐明，解释
时态：elucidated, elucidating, elucidates
分布：阐明(70%)，说明(30%)
→e-, 向外。-lucid, 照明，词源同light, lucid.
阐明,解释(e出+lucid清楚+ate→再清楚→阐明)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
【记】lucid（adj 明晰的）；lucidity（n 清晰；透明）
【参】elucidation（n 说明；阐明）
【反】garble（vt 断章取义；混淆）；obfuscate（v 使模糊）；obscure（adj 暗的；模糊的vt 使暗；使不明显）
[ɪ'lu:.sɪ.deɪt] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to explain or make clear 阐明；解释
• I don't understand. You'll have to elucidate. 我不懂，你得解释一下。
• The reasons for the change in weather conditions have been elucidated by several scientists. 已经有好几位科学家对天气状况变化的原因作了解释。
vt. 阐明；说明
 - say, clarify

Word: lubricant
Front: lubricant
[ˈlu:brɪkənt] (宝 16249/21094 -1)
Back: n. 润滑剂，润滑油; 能减少摩擦的东西; <俚>奶油，黄油
adj. 润滑的
分布：润滑剂(100%)
→来自lubricate,润滑，上油。
润滑剂(lubric滑+ant)[-ant 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"…人"3.表名词"…剂"]
润滑油[lubric=slip(滑)]
['lu:.brɪ.kənt/ (US informal lube)
noun countable or uncountable
■a liquid such as oil which is used to make the parts of an engine move easily together, or a substance put on any surface to help it move more easily against another one 润滑油；润滑剂
n. [机] 润滑剂；润滑油
 - sliding agent, lubricating agent
adj. [机] 润滑的
 - greasing

Word: fuselage
Front: fuselage
[ˈfju:zəlɑ:ʒ] (16359/13131 -1)
Vocabulary: fuselage
(once / 10894 pages)
n
The main part of an airplane — the part in which you sit as a passenger — is called the fuselage. Your luggage rides in the fuselage too.
The word fuselage comes from the Latin fusus, or "spindle," which describes the shape of the central tube-shaped part of an airplane. Wings, tails, engines — these are all extra parts of the plane that attach to the fuselage. Different kinds of airplanes have different types of fuselages, depending on how fast they need to travel and what they carry, but a fuselage is always hollow and always has a cockpit at the front.
WORD FAMILY
fuselage: fuselages
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The planes were already diving. I saw one of the planes turn around — the rising sun on the fuselage. ‘My god!
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Yet there’s also the less successful introduction of robotic assembly of the 777 metal fuselage in a building next to the main Everett assembly plant.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Divers found parts of the fuselage, fragments of the engine and various mechanical parts at night, the Defense Ministry said.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. <空>（飞机的）机身; 火箭的外壳; 弹体
分布：机身(100%)
→来自拉丁语fusus, 纺锤，词源同fusiform. 因飞机机身形如纺锤状而得名。
noun countable
■the main body of an aircraft 飞机机身
• A close inspection revealed minute cracks in the aircraft's fuselage and wings. 经过细致的检查，发现飞机的机身和机翼上都有细小的裂缝。
n. [航] 机身（飞机）
 - airframe, main body

Word: single-parent
Front: single-parent
None None
Back: n. 单亲；单身母亲；单身父亲
分布：中国单亲家庭(100%)

Word: down-to-earth
Front: down-to-earth
['daʊnt'ə'ɜ:θ] (宝 -1)
Back: adj. 实际的，现实的; 务实的; 实实在在
分布：实际的(84%)，谦逊的(16%)
【记】朱茵小姐从如来佛的蜡烛wick中，down to earth，变成了现实中人，和小周感受了1＝4柱香的心灵碰撞。
US [-'ɝ:θ] approving
adjective
■practical and sensible 实际的；务实的
• She's a down-to-earth sort of woman with no pretensions. 她是那种很务实、毫不虚荣的女人。
adj. 实际的；现实的
 - practical, actual, realistic, effective, pragmatic

Word: stir-fry
Front: stir-fry
[ˈstɜ:ˌfraɪ] (-1)
Back: v. 用旺火煸，用旺火炒
n. 炒出来的菜，炒菜
分布：用旺火炒(51%)，用旺火煸(33%)，炒的菜(16%)
US ['stɝ:-] verb intransitive or transitive
■to fry small pieces of meat, vegetables, etc. quickly while mixing them around 翻炒
• Stir-fry the chicken for one minute, then add the vegetables. 把鸡肉翻炒一分钟，然后加进蔬菜。
UK ['stɜ:.fraɪ] US ['stɝ:-] noun countable or uncountable
■a method of frying food while mixing it quickly, or food cooked this way 快炒，翻炒；炒菜
• We're having a vegetable stir-fry for supper tonight. 我们今天晚饭会有一道炒蔬菜。
• I don't like stir-fry. 我不喜欢吃炒菜。

Word: accession
Front: accession
[ækˈseʃn] (16248/8166)
Vocabulary: accession
(once / 832 pages)
1n 2nv 3n
Accession is the act of advancing into a position. Being elected class president is a kind of accession.
Accession originally referred to a queen or king taking the throne. From the Latin term, accessionem, meaning "joining or increasing,” accession may refer to the gaining of access to any formal position, group, or right. It can also mean “agreement” — think of it as “joining in.” Accession may also refer to property — either something that increases your original collection, or the right to all of your property even through growth — such as the golden egg your new hen laid.
WORD FAMILY
accession: accessional, accessioned, accessioning, accessions+/ accede: acceded, accedes, acceding, accession
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fight will focus on the wording in the original accession agreement.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
“Brexit is like no other negotiation, far more important than an accession negotiation,” said one senior EU diplomat.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Last week the European Parliament voted to recommend suspending Turkey’s accession talks.
Economist(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 增加; 就职; 增加物; （对同盟、国际条约等的）正式加入
时态：accessioned, accessioning, accessions
分布：加入(97%)，即位(2%)，到达(1%)
noun uncountable formal
■the time when someone starts a position of authority, especially king or queen 就职，登基
• 1926 was the year of Emperor Hirohito's accession to the throne. 1926年日本天皇裕仁即位。
■the time when a country officially joins a group of countries or signs an agreement 正式加入（国际组织），签署（条约）
• Poland's accession to the EU 波兰正式加入欧盟
n. 增加；就职；到达
 - enhancement, increase, gain, arrival, installation

Word: universality
Front: universality
[ˌju:nɪvɜ:'sælətɪ] (16322/16298)
Back: n. 普遍性; 通用性; 普适性; 一般性
分布：普遍性(94%)，一般性(6%)
ADJ
普遍的；全体的
Something that is universal relates to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society.
例：The insurance industry has produced its own proposals for universal health care...保险业提出了自己的全民医疗保健方案。
例：The desire to look attractive is universal.爱美之心，人皆有之。
ADJ
宇宙的;全世界的
Something that is universal affects or relates to every part of the world or the universe.
例：...universal diseases.全球性的疾病
N-COUNT
普遍原则；通用原理
A universal is a principle that applies in all cases or a characteristic that is present in all members of a particular class.
例：There are no economic universals.没有普遍适用的经济学原理。
n. [统物] 普遍性；广泛性；一般性；多方面性
 - catholicity, generalizability

Word: dummy
Front: dummy
[ˈdʌmi] (宝 11288/9900 -1)
Vocabulary: dummy
(once / 2139 pages)
nadjv
Have you ever seen an entertainer make a doll look like it’s talking? The entertainer is using a dummy — a doll made to look like a person.
A dummy is a type of doll that looks like a person. Entertainers called ventriloquists can make dummies appear to talk. The automobile industry uses dummies in cars to study how safe cars are during a crash. A dummy can also be anything that looks real but doesn’t work: a fake. Actors in a play might use certain props that are dummies, such as a dummy laptop. Dummy is also an insult used to mean “an ignorant person.”
WORD FAMILY
dummy: dummied, dummies, dummying
USAGE EXAMPLES
College scout teams consist of scholarship players who are buried on the depth chart and walk-ons who volunteer to be tackling dummies.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
Riley exhibited the proper form: lowering his shoulder, wrapping his arms around the dummy, then wrestling it to the ground.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The answer is that this was a pop-culture proxy war against Clinton, a dummy run.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. 仿制品; 沉默寡言的人; 笨蛋，蠢货; 挂名代表，傀儡
vt. 制作样本，制作样张; 不吭声，缄口; 〈美俚〉装聋作哑; 替别人占领土地
adj. 假的; 摆样子的，做样品的; 挂名的; 虚设的
时态：dummied, dummying, dummies
分布：假人(39%)，傀儡(14%)，假的(13%)，哑巴(13%)，仿制品(9%)，笨蛋(8%)，仿造的(3%)，保密(1%)
→来自dumb, 哑的。用于指仿制品。
noun countable
MODEL 模特
■a large model of a human, especially one used to show clothes in a shop （尤指商店里用来展示服装的）人体模型
• a shop dummy 商店用的人体模型
• a ventriloquist's dummy 口技表演者用的假人
['dʌm.i] noun countable
NOT REAL 不真的
■something that is not real and is used for practice or to deceive 仿制品；冒牌货，假货
• The device is not a real bomb but a dummy. 这颗炸弹不是真的，只是一个仿制品。
■(in some sports, especially football) when you pretend to hit the ball in a particular direction but do not, in order to deceive the other players （尤指足球等体育项目中的）假动作，假传球
['dʌm.i] noun countable
FOR BABY 婴儿用 UK (US pacifier)
■a smooth rubber or plastic object that is given to a baby to suck in order to comfort it and make it stop crying 橡皮奶嘴，橡皮奶头
['dʌm.i] noun countable
STUPID PERSON 蠢人 (US also dumbbell) informal
■a stupid or silly person 蠢人，傻瓜
• Only a dummy would ignore the safety warnings. 只有傻瓜才会对安全警告视而不见。
['dʌm.i] adjective [before noun]
■not real 假的，仿制的
• an enormous dummy perfume bottle in the shop window 商店橱窗里巨大的香水瓶模型
adj. 虚拟的；假的
 - virtual, spurious
n. 傀儡；哑巴；仿制品
 - fantoccini, figure-head

Word: topless
Front: topless
[ˈtɒpləs] (16389/23765 -1)
Back: adj. 袒胸的; 极高的; 无顶的; 半裸体
分布：无顶的(40%)，袒胸的(40%)，极高的(20%)
→top,上部，顶端，-less,无，没有。
US ['tɑ:.pləs] adjective adverb
■describes someone, usually a woman, wearing nothing on the upper part of their body, or something connected with this way of dressing （通常指女子）裸露上身的（地）
• topless dancers/bars/sunbathing 裸露上身的舞女／女招待裸露上身的酒吧／袒胸日光浴
• Many women now go topless on European beaches. 如今在欧洲的海滩上许多妇女都袒露上身。

Word: vernacular
Front: vernacular
[vəˈnækjələ(r)] (宝 16371/16686)
Vocabulary: vernacular
(once / 2570 pages)
nadj
Vernacular describes everyday language, including slang, that's used by the people. The vernacular is different from literary or official language: it's the way people really talk with each other, like how families talk at home.
You know how some language is fancy and formal? Vernacular is different: think of it as how friends talk when no one is listening. Vernacular language includes slang and obscenities. One of the hardest things about writing for school is getting away from the vernacular and learning to write in more formal ways that don't come as naturally. You can also say specific groups have a vernacular, meaning the unique way people in a certain region or profession speak.
WORD FAMILY
vernacular: vernacularly, vernaculars
USAGE EXAMPLES
The vernacular elements sounded freshest when Mr. Marsalis folded them into passages of symphonic mass, with thick, pungent chords and boldly fractured phrases.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
"Or to put it in the vernacular - This Is 'Ull."
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
John Margolies, 76, May 26: A legendary photographer of vernacular architecture, his 1987 book Miniature Golf is a treasure of golf nostalgia.
Golf Digest(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 白话; 行话; 本国语; 动植物的俗名
adj. 本国语的; 白话的; 方言的; 本国的
分布：方言(100%)
→来自拉丁语verna,家仆，尤指出生在主人家的仆人后代，引申词义本土的，地方的，后用于指地方性语言，即方言。比较family.
【记】ver真实，nacular＝native（adj 本国的）：本国的真实语言－方言
US [vɚ'næk.jə.lɚ] noun countable usually singular
■the form of a language that a regional or other group of speakers use naturally, especially in informal situations 本地话，方言；白话
• The French I learned at school is very different from the local vernacular of the village where I'm now living. 我在学校里学的法语与我现在住的这个村子里所说的本地方言差别非常大。
• Many Roman Catholics regret the replacing of the Latin mass by the vernacular. 很多天主教徒认为用方言代替拉丁语做弥撒是件很让人惋惜的事。
■specialized
■in architecture , a local style in which ordinary houses are built （建筑的）本地风格，民间风格
specialized
■dance, music, art, etc. that is in a style liked or performed by ordinary people （艺术的）民间风俗
adj. 本国的；地方的；用本地语写成的
 - native, patrial
n. 本地话，方言；动植物的俗名
 - provincialism, patois

Word: stratosphere
Front: stratosphere
[ˈstrætəsfɪə(r)] (16325/17177 -1)
Vocabulary: stratosphere
(once / 15095 pages)
n
When an astronomer talks about the stratosphere, she means the second layer of Earth's atmosphere, about six miles above the surface of our planet.
The atmosphere around Earth is divided into three sections — first, the troposphere, next the stratosphere, and finally the outer layer, the mesosphere. It sounds like outer space, but actually large commercial airplanes often fly at altitudes that reach the stratosphere. People also use the word stratosphere in a figurative way to mean "really high," as when a car salesman brags, "Our sales this month have skyrocketed into the stratosphere!"
WORD FAMILY
stratosphere: stratospheres
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is believed this is the first pie to be launched into the stratosphere.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The pioneering pastry - believed to be the first ever launched into the stratosphere - was launched from Wigan earlier.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
This led to their work on chlorine's effects on ozone in the stratosphere.
Nature(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. [气]平流层，同温层; 最上层，最高栏; 艰深的学科领域
分布：平流层(93%)，最高阶段(6%)，高层次(1%)
→来自拉丁语 stratus,展开，铺开，-sphere,球，层，词源同 atmosphere.
N-SING
平流层;同温层
The stratosphere is the layer of the earth's atmosphere which lies between 10 and 50 kilometres above the earth.
N-SING
最高层;最高水平;顶峰
If you say that someone or something climbs or is sent into the stratosphere, you mean that they reach a very high level.
例：This was enough to launch their careers into the stratosphere...这足以让他们的事业平步青云了。
例：If oil supplies were ever disrupted, it would send U.S. oil-import bills into the stratosphere.一旦石油供应被中断，美国的石油进口额就会大幅度增加。
n. [气象] 同温层；最上层；最高阶段
 - isothermal layer

Word: backstage
Front: backstage
[ˌbækˈsteɪdʒ] (10925/19724 -1)
Vocabulary: backstage
(once / 5691 pages)
nadvadj
Backstage is the area of a theater where the actors wait until it's time to walk onstage and play their parts. The audience can't see what's going on backstage.
If you get a backstage pass at a rock concert, it means you'll get to go behind the scenes once the show is over, and possibly meet the musicians in person. Many people who are involved in a show, performance, or play stay backstage the whole time: costume designers, makeup directors, and set painters, for example. The word is also sometimes used in a figurative way to mean "secret" or "behind the scenes."
WORD FAMILY
backstage: backstages
USAGE EXAMPLES
Backstage, he gravely smoothed his lapels, now a matter of concern.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Helpmate, backstage adviser and fierce protector of Ronald Reagan in his journey from actor to president - and finally during his battle with Alzheimer’s disease.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: adv. 后台; 秘密地; 背地里; 在幕后
分布：在后台(67%)，向后台(33%)
/-'-] adjective adverb
■in the area behind the stage in a theatre, especially the rooms in which actors change their clothes or where equipment is kept 后台的，幕后的；在后台，在幕后
• We went backstage after the show to meet the actors. 演出结束后我们去后台跟演员们见面。
• backstage workers 幕后工作人员
■If something happens backstage, it is not generally known about 秘密的（地）
• The organizers say it's a fair contest but who knows what goes on backstage? 筹划者说这是一场公平的比赛，但谁知道幕后真相如何？

Word: epistemology
Front: epistemology
[ɪˌpɪstəˈmɒlədʒi] (16456/17531)
Vocabulary: epistemology
(once / 30229 pages)
n
Epistemology is the study of knowledge: what we know, how we know it, how we know we know it, and how to keep track of it without driving ourselves crazy.
You might be wondering if epistemology is just a hobby for people who know too much for their own good, but epistemology has a lot of uses. The study of knowledge leads to the study of learning, which leads to better methods of teaching. The study of knowledge helps us understand our cultural differences, which helps us all get along. Probably the coolest use of epistemology, though, is artificial intelligence: teaching computers how to learn.
WORD FAMILY
epistemology: epistemological, epistemologies, epistemologist +/ epistemological: epistemologically/ epistemologist: epistemologists
USAGE EXAMPLES
But before we get to the heavy lifting, let’s deal with important questions of taxonomy or epistemology first.
Salon(Jun 23, 2016)
One dictionary defines epistemology as “The theory of knowledge, especially its methods, validity and scope.”
Washington Post(May 10, 2016)
That involves a journey through cosmology, epistemology, ontology, physics, complexity, biology, neuroscience, and ethics.
Salon(May 08, 2016)
Back: n. 认识论
分布：认识论(100%)
→来自epistemic, 认知的。
认识论(epi下面+stem根,基础+o+log+y→知识基础之学→认识论)[log=science,表示"科学,学科"]
【记】epi在…后，stem站，ology学科－站在知识后面的学科－认识论e出，pi，stem茎：出门在屁上插一个stem让你认识什么叫屎－认识论
US [-'mɑ:.lə-] specialized
noun uncountable
■the part of philosophy that is about the study of how we know things 认识论
n. 认识论
 - theory of knowledge

Word: spying
Front: spying
[s'paɪɪŋ] (16336/22397)
Back: v. 看见，发现( spy的现在分词 ); 当间谍; 从事间谍活动; 搜集情报
分布：间谍活动(100%)
N-COUNT
间谍
A spy is a person whose job is to find out secret information about another country or organization.
例：He was jailed for five years as an alleged British spy...他被指控为英国间谍，入狱关押了 5 年。
例：The spy ring passed secrets to the enemy.该间谍团伙向敌方传送秘密情报。
ADJ
(卫星、飞机)执行间谍任务的
A spy satellite or spy plane obtains secret information about another country by taking photographs from the sky.
VERB
从事间谍活动;充当间谍
Someone who spies for a country or organization tries to find out secret information about another country or organization.
例：The agent spied for East Germany for more than twenty years...该特工人员为东德做了 20 多年的间谍。
例：East and West are still spying on one another...东西方仍在互相进行间谍活动。
VERB
秘密监视
If you spy on someone, you watch them secretly.
例：That day he spied on her while pretending to work on the shrubs...那天，他假装在修剪灌木，秘密对她进行监视。
例：He had his wife spied on for evidence in a divorce case.他请人秘密监视自己的妻子，为离婚案搜集证据。
VERB
看见;发现
If you spy someone or something, you notice them.
例：He was walking down the street when he spied an old friend.他正沿街走着，突然看见了一位老朋友。
n. 间谍活动；侦探
 - espial, dick
v. 从事间谍活动；发现；仔细察看；暗中监视（spy的ing形式）
 - detecting, discovering

Word: derailleur
Front: derailleur
[dɪˈreɪljə(r)] (16558/-)
Back: n. <法>（自行车）变速器，装有变速器的自行车
分布：装有变速器的自行车(100%)
→来自derail, 脱轨。用于指自行车换挡装置。
n. （法）变速器；装有变速器的自行车
 - transmission, variator

Word: astounded
Front: astounded
[əˈstaʊndɪd] (16395/19358 -1)
Back: v. 使震惊(astound的过去式和过去分词); 愕然; 愕; 惊讶
分布：使惊骇(80%)，使大吃一惊(20%)
adjective
■very surprised or shocked 感到震惊的；觉得惊骇的
• [+ to infinitive] I was astounded to hear that Tim had left. 听到蒂姆离开的消息，我非常震惊。

Word: denunciation
Front: denunciation
[dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn] (宝 16387/15313 -1)
Vocabulary: denunciation
(once / 1394 pages)
n
A denunciation is a public reprimand in which you are told that you've done wrong. If you get caught skipping school, expect denunciation-by teachers, your principal, parents and maybe even your friends.
When you harshly criticize someone or something in front of other people, it's a denunciation, like an opinion piece that appears in a newspaper. Sometimes denunciation has the meaning of telling on or exposing someone's misdeeds, like a juicy, book-length denunciation of a famous guitarist written by a former bandmate. The Latin root word is denuntiare, "to announce, proclaim, denounce, or command."
WORD FAMILY
denunciation: denunciations
USAGE EXAMPLES
But despite his spokesman's earlier denunciation of Stepanova as a traitor, he also acknowledged there was a problem.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The online denunciations pile up daily: Muslims can’t be trusted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Moreover, where are the harsh denunciations of other U.S.-backed repressive monarchies like Qatar and Bahrain?
Salon(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 指责，弹劾，谴责; 控诉，告发，揭发
分布：谴责(100%)
→来自denounce, 谴责。
【记】denunciate＝denounce公开指责
【反】eulogy（n 赞词；颂词）；tribute（n 贡品；颂词）；accolade（n 赞美）；panegyric（n 颂词；推崇备至）
noun countable or uncountable
CRITICISM 批评
■public criticism of something or someone 谴责，公开批评
[dɪˌnʌnt.si'eɪ.ʃən] noun countable or uncountable
ACCUSATION 指控
■accusing someone in public of something bad 检举；告发
• his denunciation as a traitor 揭发他的叛徒身分
n. 谴责，斥责；告发
 - condemnation, tongue-lashing

Word: milling
Front: milling
[ˈmɪlɪŋ] (16391/14921)
Back: n. 磨; 制粉; 轧齿边; （硬币边缘的）沟槽
分布：磨(81%)，制粉(15%)，轧齿边(3%)，动词mill的现在分词.(1%)
→来自mill,磨，水磨。比喻用法。
ADJ
乱兜圈子的;成群乱转的
The people in a milling crowd move around within a particular place or area, so that the movement of the whole crowd looks very confused.
例：They moved purposefully through the milling crowd.他们穿过乱哄哄的人群时目的明确，行动坚决。
n. 磨；制粉；轧齿边
 - grind

Word: numbness
Front: numbness
[nʌmnəs] (16390/21440)
Vocabulary: numbness
(once / 6393 pages)
n
Someone with numbness has no feeling in some part of her body. You might, for example, experience numbness in your foot after sitting with it tucked under your leg for an hour.
The noun numbness is good for describing what happens when you lose physical sensation, either temporarily or permanently. Numbness can be a symptom of various illnesses and conditions, but it can also be the result of sitting in an awkward position. You can also use the word to talk about an emotional lack of feeling. The death of your dog might make you experience a kind of numbness, losing your interest in the world around you.
WORD FAMILY
numbness: numbnesses+/ numb: numbed, numbing, numbingly, numbly, numbness, numbs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Bashir suffers from neuropathy, or numbness, in his feet - a side effect of his diabetes.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
A side effect of the chemo is nerve problems that result in numbness of his hands.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
“There’s still that shock and numbness from really strong gun violence prevention advocates,” Hockley said.
The Guardian(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 无感觉，麻木，惊呆
分布：麻木(99%)，愚蠢(1%)
noun uncountable
■lack of physical or emotional feeling （身体或情感上的）麻木
n. [医] 麻木；麻痹
 - anesthesia, Used to the pain

Word: interface
Front: interface
[ˈɪntəfeɪs] (研六 6182/3267 -1)
Vocabulary: interface
(once / 6198 pages)
1n 2n
Think of an interface as a "face-to-face," a place where things, or people, or people and things (like you and your computer) meet. Any common boundary or area of convergence can be an interface.
Used as a verb, interface means to merge or mingle, bonding and synthesizing by communicating and working together. The word interface is comprised of the prefix inter, which means "between," and face. In the 1960's, when computers first began to be commonly used, the word became familiar and now can simply mean “to meet.” Although "Shall we interface over coffee?" still feels a bit awkward.
WORD FAMILY
interface: interfaces, interfacial
USAGE EXAMPLES
“While Pepper offers a lively, appealing interface, it remains to be seen whether it will fill the role that retailers want,” Gownder says.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Judging from my reader mail, tens of thousands must be avoiding high-tech interfaces in favor of the analogue controls, perhaps by buying lower-trim models.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
It would elevate the MDX experience a full level, perhaps even distract buyers from the tiny sunroof and marginal user interface.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 界面; <计>接口; 交界面
v. （使通过界面或接口）接合，连接; [计算机]使联系
vi. 相互作用（或影响）; 交流，交谈
分布：接口(55%)，界面(41%)，连接(3%)，作接口(1%)
→inter-,在内，在中间，相互，face,脸。比喻用法。
n.接合部位,分界面v.(使)互相联系A shared logical boundary between two software components. An interactive development tool, for example, is a user-friendly interface between a system software and an ap
US [-tˌɚ-] noun countable
■a connection between two pieces of electronic equipment, or between a person and a computer 介面；介面
• My computer has a network interface, which allows me to get to other computers. 我的电脑有网路介面，可以与其他电脑连在一起。
• The new version of the program comes with a much better user interface (= way of showing information to a user) than the original. 新版程式的使用者介面比原来的好得多。
■a situation, way or place where two things come together and affect each other 相互联系；相互作用
• the interface between technology and tradition 技术与传统的相互影响
• We need a clearer interface between management and the workforce. 我们希望管理层与员工之间的沟通更加顺畅。
UK ['ɪn.tə.feɪs] US [-tˌɚ-] verb
transitive specialized
■to connect two or more pieces of equipment, such as computers （使）接合，（使）连接
• The computers must be properly interfaced. 各电脑之间必须连接好。
intransitive
■to communicate with someone, especially in a work-related situation 互相联系；互相交流；（尤指）互相配合工作
• We use email to interface with our customers. 我们使用电子邮件与客户联系。
n. [力] [自] [地物] 界面； [通信] [计] 接口； [物化] 接触面
 - limiting surface, boundary surface

Word: reload
Front: reload
[ˌri:ˈləʊd] (16397/23959)
Back: vt. 再装，重新装
时态：reloaded, reloading, reloads
分布：再装入(100%)
→re-,再，重新，load,装填。
US [-'loʊd] verb intransitive or transitive
■to put more bullets in a gun 重装子弹；给（枪）再装填子弹
• to reload a gun/rifle/pistol 重新给枪／步枪／手枪装子弹
• He reloaded and fired a second shot. 他重新装入子弹又开了第2枪。

Word: liberalize
Front: liberalize
[ˈlɪbrəlaɪz] (16375/27907 -2)
Vocabulary: liberalize
(once / 4656 pages)
v
Liberalize means to make more liberal––as in, less authoritarian and more open. State-run economies might liberalize by opening up industry, free enterprise, and trade.
Liberalize can also mean "reform." If you have a society that punishes theft by cutting off a culprit's hand, you could liberalize it by changing the punishment to jail time or other less cruel and unusual punishment.
WORD FAMILY
liberalize: liberalization, liberalized, liberalizes, liberalizing+/ illiberal: illiberality, illiberally/illiberality: illiberalities/ liberal: illiberal, liberalise, liberalism, liberality, liberalize, liberally, liberalness, liberals, neoliberal/liberalise: liberalisation, liberalised, liberalising/ liberalism: liberalisms, liberalist, liberalistic, neoliberalism/liberalist: liberalists/liberality: liberalities/ liberalization: liberalizations/neoliberal: neoliberals
USAGE EXAMPLES
I was sure that the Soviet Union would be forced to liberalize socially and economically to survive.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 16, 2016)
His younger brother never gave much ground to the Obama administration in terms of liberalizing Cuba's one party political system.
Reuters(Nov 27, 2016)
And he seems to have stood out with right-wing primary voters for his promises of radical — by French standards — action to liberalize the economy.
Washington Post(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 使自由化; 放宽限制; 解除官方控制
vi. 自由化
时态：liberalized, liberalizing, liberalizes
分布：放宽限制(72%)，自由主义化(28%)
US [-ɚ-] verb transitive
■to make laws, systems or opinions less severe 使自由化，使宽松，放宽
• They have plans to liberalize the prison system. 他们计划放宽监狱制度。

Word: reformist
Front: reformist
[rɪˈfɔ:mɪst] (16385/16433)
Back: n. 改革主义者，改革者
adj. 改良主义的; 改良运动的
分布：改革者(46%)，改革主义者(41%)，改革主义的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
改革主义的；改良主义的
Reformist groups or policies are trying to reform a system or law.
例：...a strong supporter of reformist policies.改良主义政策的坚定支持者
n. 改革者；改革主义者
 - barner, innovator

Word: sultan
Front: sultan
[ˈsʌltən] (14435/12970 -1)
Vocabulary: sultan
(once / 380 pages)
n
Use the noun sultan when you talk about the king of a Muslim country. It's most commonly used to refer to the sultans of Turkey's Ottoman Empire.
There are some countries today that still use the term sultan for a ruler or nobleman, including Oman and Malaysia. However, the word comes up most often in a historical context, especially when you're talking about the former Ottoman Empire, where the title of sultan was inherited, passed from father to son. The word sultan has many different meanings in Arabic, including "strength," "ruler," "king," "queen," and "power."
WORD FAMILY
sultan: sultans
USAGE EXAMPLES
“All the cases are chronic,” said Sultan Masood, the nursing supervisor.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
The princes’ older full brother, Crown Prince Sultan, told them that challenging the king was a “red line.”
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
However, the script from Sanzhar Sultan is poorly structured and silly, revealing the emptiness beneath the shiny facade.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 苏丹; 巨头，强人
分布：名词(100%)
→某些穆斯林国家统治者的称号，来自中古法语 sultan,土耳其统治者，来自阿拉伯语 sultan, 统治者，国王，王公，原义为力量，权力。
noun countable
■a ruler, especially in the past, of some Muslim countries （尤指过去的）苏丹（指一些回教国家的统治者）
• the Sultan of Brunei 汶莱苏丹
n. 苏丹（某些伊斯兰国家统治者的称号）
 - Sudan, Soudan, soldan

Word: mutiny
Front: mutiny
[ˈmju:təni] (16338/14607 -1)
Vocabulary: mutiny
(once / 568 pages)
nv
A mutiny is a rebellion against authority, like when sailors overthrow the captain of a ship or when a class of 8th graders refuses to dissect a frog in biology class.
Mutiny comes from an old verb, mutine, which means "revolt," and a mutiny is still like a revolt. It can be a group of people, like in the famous Mutiny on the Bounty in 1789 when the crew of a British Royal Navy ship kicked the captain out so they could stay in Tahiti. (Totally worth it.) A mutiny doesn't have to be at sea or in the military; it can be to "refuse the order of the person in authority," in other words, every teacher's nightmare.
WORD FAMILY
mutiny: mutineer, mutinied, mutinies, mutinous, mutinying+/mutineer: mutineers/ mutinous: mutinously
USAGE EXAMPLES
The second season proved the depth of this sleeper hit, focusing on the two women as they set up their gaming company, Mutiny.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Desperation caused unrest, which lead to petty crimes, attempted mutinies and coordinated efforts to escape.
Salon(Nov 19, 2016)
Mutinies broke out in the German fleet and spread in the army, and a small Communist party hoped to repeat Lenin’s success in Russia.
Time(Nov 16, 2016)
Back: n. 叛乱，兵变; 哗变，暴动
vi. 违抗上级命令; 叛变，反叛; 参加叛乱; 暴动
vt. & vi. （尤指士兵或船员）不服从，反抗，反叛
时态：mutinied, mutinying, mutinies
分布：兵变(40%)，叛乱(31%)，叛变(29%)
→来自拉丁语movere,移动，运动，词源同move,-t,过去分词后缀。后引申词义军事哗变，反叛，哗变，暴乱等，特指士兵或船员的暴乱。词义可能受拉丁语mutare的影响，即使改变，要求改变。
叛乱,兵变(mut+iny)[mut=change,表示"改变"]
US [-tˌɪ-] noun countable or uncountable
■when a group of people, especially soldiers or sailors, refuse to obey orders and/or attempt to take control from people in authority （尤指士兵或船员的）叛乱，哗变，暴动
• Conditions on the ship were often very bad, and crews were on the point of mutiny. 船上的情况往往非常恶劣，船员随时可能发动哗变。
• There were rumours of mutiny among the troops. 部队里有兵变的传言。
• Soldiers and police killed 250-300 prisoners while crushing mutinies in three jails. 士兵和员警在镇压三个监狱的暴动时击毙了250至300名囚犯。
UK ['mju:.tɪ.ni] US [-tˌɪ-] verb intransitive
■to take part in a mutiny 反叛，叛变
• The crew mutinied and murdered the ship's captain. 船员哗变，杀害了船长。
• The troops mutinied against their officers. 士兵反抗他们的长官。
n. 兵变；叛乱；暴动
 - rebellion, insurgency
vi. 反叛；暴动；参加叛乱
 - rebel, revolt

Word: confectioner
Front: confectioner
[kənˈfekʃənə(r)] (16315/23981)
Back: n. 糖果制造人，糖果店
分布：糖果店(54%)，糖果制造人(46%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a company or person that makes or sells sweets or chocolates 甜食店；糖果店；甜点师傅；糖果商
n. 糖果制造人；糖果店；甜食商
 - sweet shop, tuck-shop

Word: dead-end
Front: dead-end
['ded'end] None
Back: adj. 尽头的; 无出路的
vi. 到达尽头
分布：无出路的(44%)，到达尽头(28%)，无机会晋升的(14%)，无法控制的(14%)

Word: gunpoint
Front: gunpoint
[ˈgʌnpɔɪnt] (16404/22545 -1)
Back: n. 枪口
分布：枪口(100%)
noun
at gunpoint
■experiencing or using a threat of killing with a gun 在枪口威胁下；用枪威胁
• The family were held at gunpoint for an hour while the men raided their house. 长达一个小时的时间里，这一家人在枪口威胁下，眼睁睁地看着这伙人抢掠他们的家。
n. 枪口
 - muzzle

Word: octopus
Front: octopus
[ˈɒktəpəs] (托 15455/16224)
Vocabulary: octopus
(once / 5151 pages)
n
An octopus is an eight-legged sea creature. Octopuses are intelligent animals, and have been shown to have great capacity for learning. (However, that doesn't stop people from grilling and eating them.)
An octopus is a mollusk, which means it's a distant relation of slugs, snails, clams, and mussels. It's also a cephalopod, an animal with a large head and tentacles or arms. Of the other animals in these categories, octopuses are by far the smartest, and they're also incredibly flexible because of their lack of a skeleton or hard shell, which makes them able to squeeze through tiny spaces. The Greek root, oktopous, means "eight-foot."
WORD FAMILY
octopus: octopi, octopuses
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was keen to try octopus, and it met with his approval.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Daily Fishtival programs feature diver shows in the Window on Washington Waters exhibit and programs on marine mammals and the Aquarium’s resident octopus.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
This little white octopus, dubbed “Casper,” certainly looks cute.
Science Magazine(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 章鱼
分布：章鱼(100%)
→octa-,八，-pus,脚，词源同foot.用于指章鱼。
US ['ɑ:k-] (plural octopuses or UK ['ɒk.tə.paɪ] US ['ɑ:k-/ octopi)
noun countable
■a sea creature with a soft oval body and eight tentacles (= long parts like arms) 章鱼
n. [无脊椎] 章鱼
 - poulp, devilfish

Word: MRI
Front: MRI
[ˌem ɑ:r 'aɪ] (16362/-)
Back: abbr. 核磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging）；机读信息（Machine Readable Information）；中等度肾功能不全（Moderate Renal Insufficiency）
noun uncountable abbreviation for
■magnetic resonance imaging: a system for producing electronic pictures of the organs inside a person's body, using radio waves and a strong magnetic field 磁共振成像

Word: greenish
Front: greenish
[ˈgri:nɪʃ] (16399/20174)
Back: adj. 呈绿色的，微绿的
分布：带绿色的(100%)
adjective
■slightly green in colour 稍带绿色的；浅绿的
• greenish blue eyes 有点发绿的蓝眼睛

Word: keep
Front: keep
[ki:p] (中高雅 156/171 -K5)
Vocabulary: keep
(once / 10 pages)
1vn 2v 3vn 4v
To keep means to have and hold on to something — like to keep your wallet in your pocket. It also means to continue; if you keep hula hooping you’ll break the world record!
Keep has many senses in English, and shows up in a lot of our common expressions, like “keep out!" and "keep your shirt on!" The word generally has the senses of hold onto, maintain, stay, continue, or protect from harm. Food that will not spoil yet will keep. You can keep a secret, keep a diary, or keep your little sister safe. You can also keep a ritual or religious custom by practicing it –- like to keep kosher. Whatever you do, “just keep going.”
WORD FAMILY
keep: keeper, keeping, keeps, kept+/ keeper: keepers/keeping: keepings/kept: keptest, unkept
USAGE EXAMPLES
Why is it so hard to lose weight and keep it off?
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He kept quiet and did his job through the commotion.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Washington did a fine job limiting Harden but couldn’t keep the “other guys” down in the Rockets’ 101-91 win at Toyota Center.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 保持; 保留; 遵守; 阻止
vi. （食品）保持新; 保持健康
n. 保持，保养; 供养，抚养; 生活，生计; 饲料；牧草
时态：kept, keeping, keeps
分布：保持(55%)，继续(7%)，保留(7%)，保存(6%)，饲养(5%)，记录(4%)，遵守(4%)，生计(4%)，经营(3%)，保护(3%)，耽搁(2%)
→来自古英语cepan,抓住，握住，保持，观察，来自Proto-Germanic*kopijan,看，注视，来自gab,照看，看管。比较hold,behold.
v.保持,保存,遵守,经营,看守,拘留,维持I want you to keep the secret.我希望你保守秘密 .
verb (kept, kept)
CONTINUE TO HAVE 保存
 ESSENTIAL transitive
■to have or continue to have in your possession 保有；保存；保留
• Do you want this photograph back or can I keep it? 你想要回这张照片，还是我留着它？
• Keep medicines in a locked cupboard (= Store them there). 将药存放在上锁的橱柜里。
⇒ See also well-kept
transitive
■to own and manage a small shop 经营，管理（小店铺）
• My uncle kept a little tobacconist's in Gloucester. 我叔叔在格洛斯特开了一家小烟草店。
transitive
■If you keep animals, you own and take care of them, but not in your home as pets 饲养
• to keep pigs/goats/chickens 养猪／山羊／鸡
transitive US
■to watch and care for someone's children while their parents are away 照顾，照料（某人的孩子）
• Jody will keep the children while I shop. 我去买东西时，乔迪会照顾孩子。
keep your promise/word
■to do what you have told someone that you would do 履行诺言
• I made a promise to you and I intend to keep it. 我向你作过承诺，我会履行的。
keep an appointment
■to go to a meeting or event that has been arranged 守约
• She phoned to say she couldn't keep her appointment. 她来电说她无法守约了。
keep a diary/an account/a record, etc.
■to make a regular record of events or other information so that you can refer to it later 写日记／记帐／作记录等
• I've kept a diary for twelve years now. 至今，我已有12年写日记的习惯。
• Keep an account of how much you're spending. 记下你花多少钱。
keep a secret
■to not tell anyone a secret that you know 保守秘密
keep time
■(of a watch or clock) to show the correct time （表或钟）准时
• Does your watch keep good time? 你的表准吗？
keep goal
■to be the player who defends your team's goal by trying to prevent players from the other team scoring goals 守门（运动）
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
STAY 停留
 ESSENTIAL [L only + adj] transitive
■to (cause to) stay in a particular place or condition （使）留在（某处）；（使）保持（某状态）
• I wish you'd keep quiet. 我希望你能保持安静。
• I like to keep busy. 我喜欢一直忙忙碌碌的。
• Keep left (= Stay on the road to the left) at the traffic lights. 到红绿灯处，走左边的路。
• Can you keep the dog outside, please? 你能让狗呆在外面吗？
• [+ obj + adj] Close the door to keep the room warm. 关上门，好让房间保持暖和。
• The noise from their party kept me awake half the night. 他们派对传来的吵闹声使我半夜都不能入睡。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
CONTINUE DOING 继续做
 ESSENTIAL intransitive + -ing verb (also keep on)
■to continue doing something without stopping, or to do it repeatedly 继续（做）；重复（做）
• He keeps trying to distract me. 他一直想分散我的注意力。
• I keep on thinking I've seen her before somewhere. 我一直觉得以前在哪里见过她。
• I kept hoping that he'd phone me. 我一直希望他会给我打电话。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
DELAY 耽搁
 IMPROVER transitive
■to delay someone or prevent them from doing something 使耽误；阻止，妨碍
• He's very late, what's keeping him? 他姗姗来迟，是甚么耽搁了他？
• [+ -ing verb] I'm so sorry to keep you waiting. 很抱歉，让你久等了。
• She kept me talking on the phone for half an hour. 她缠着我在电话里讲了半个小时。
• I hope I'm not keeping you up (= preventing you from going to bed). 希望我没有耽误你睡觉。
intransitive
■If you say that news or information for someone can keep, you mean that you can tell it to them later 稍后再说
• "I must tell you something." "Can't it keep? I'm in a hurry!" “我必须跟你说件事。”“能以后再说吗？我现在赶时间。”
• Whatever your news is, it will keep. 不管你有甚么消息，以后再说。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
STAY FRESH 保持新鲜
intransitive
■(of food) to stay fresh and in good condition （食物）保持新鲜，持久不坏
• Milk keeps much longer in a fridge. 牛奶放在冰箱里，保鲜时间会长很多。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
PROVIDE 提供
transitive
■to provide yourself or another person with food, clothing, a home and other things necessary for basic living 供养；养活
• He wanted a job that would allow him to keep his family in comfort. 他需要一份工作来养活全家，让他们过舒适的生活。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
How are you keeping? mainly UK old-fashioned
■used to ask if someone is well （用于询问身体状况）你好吗?
• How's your mother keeping? 你母亲近来好吗？
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
keep (sb) at it
■to continue working hard at something difficult, or to make someone continue to work hard （使某人）继续做；（使某人）坚持做
• I kept at it and finally finished at 3 o'clock in the morning. 我不停地做，终于在凌晨三点完成了。
• We need to keep her at it if she's going to pass the exam. 如果她想通过考试，我们必须要她继续努力。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] keep (sb/sth) away
■to not go somewhere or near something, or to prevent someone from going somewhere or near something （使）不靠近，（使）远离
• Keep away from the edge of the cliff. 不要靠近悬崖边。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] keep (sth/sb) back
■to not go near something, or to prevent someone or something from going past a particular place （使）不靠近；阻止…通过
• Barriers were built to keep back the flood water. 人们设置了障碍物来拦截洪水。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] keep sth back
NOT USE ALL
■to not use the whole amount of something so that there is a small amount remaining for later 保留，留出（一小部分）
NOT TELL
■to not tell someone everything you know about a situation or an event that has happened 隐瞒
• I suspect she's keeping something back. 我怀疑她有所隐瞒。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sth down
FOOD
■to be able to eat or drink something without vomiting 吃（或喝）下东西（而不吐）
• On the day after her operation she couldn't keep anything down. 手术的第二天，她吃甚么都吐。
SIZE
■to control the size or number of something and prevent it from increasing 压缩；控制，限制…的规模
• We need to work hard to keep our prices down. 我们必须努力控制物价。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sb down
■to prevent a person or group of people from having any power or freedom 压制，压服，镇压（某人）
• It's all part of a conspiracy to keep women down. 那完全是压制女性自由的部分阴谋。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep from doing sth
■to manage to prevent yourself from doing something 克制不做…，抑制不做…
• I couldn't keep from smiling when she told me what she'd done. 当她把她做的事告诉我时，我无法忍着不笑。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sb/sth from sth IMPROVER
■to prevent someone or something from doing something 阻止…做；防止…做
• [+ -ing verb] Try to keep the children from throwing food all over the floor. 别让孩子们将食物扔得满地都是。
• Am I keeping you from your work? 我妨碍你工作吗？
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sth from sb
■to not tell someone about something 不将…告诉（某人）；向（某人）隐瞒
• He says it's alright but I think he's keeping something from me. 他说他没事，但我认为他对我有所隐瞒。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sb in
■to make a child stay inside as a punishment, or to make someone stay in hospital 使（学童）留校作为处罚；使（某人）住院
• They kept her in overnight for observation. 他们将她留院观察了一晚。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep in with sb
■to continue to try to be friendly with someone, especially because they can help you （尤指为得到帮助）与（某人）友好相处，不得罪（某人）
• I like to keep in with my ex-employer, you never know when you might need a reference. 我愿意跟以前的雇主保持良好关系，因为说不定甚么时候或许会需要他的推荐信。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep (sb/sth) off sth
■to not go onto an area, or to stop someone or something going onto an area （使…）远离；（使…）不接近
• There was a notice saying 'Keep off the grass'. 那里有一块告示，上面写著「勿踏草地”。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sth off (sb/sth)
■to stop something touching or harming someone or something 挡开；使免受…的侵害
• Put a cloth over the salad to keep the flies off. 在沙拉上盖一块布来挡苍蝇。
• Wear a hat to keep the sun off (= to prevent it harming your skin). 戴顶帽子遮挡阳光。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept) keep 1 Phrasal Verbs  keep (sb) off sth
* to not eat, drink or use something that can harm you, or to stop someone else from doing this （使某人）不吃（或喝、用）
• The doctor told me to keep off fatty foods. 医生嘱咐我不要吃油腻的食物。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep off sth mainly UK
■If you keep off a particular subject, you avoid talking about it. 不提，避开（某一话题）
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep on doing sth ESSENTIAL
■to continue to do something, or to do something again and again 继续做；反覆做
• She kept on asking me questions the whole time. 她一直不停地问我问题。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep on UK informal
■to continue to talk in an annoying way about something 喋喋不休；唠叨个没完没了
• Don't keep on, I'll sort it out in a minute. 别喋喋不休了，我马上就解决这事。
• He kept on at me about the money, even though I told him I hadn't got it. 我告诉他我没拿到钱，但他还是一直就此和我唠叨个不停。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep (sb/sth) out
■to not go in a place, or to stop someone or something from going into a place （使）留在外面，（使）不进入
• Building work in progress. Keep out! 正在施工，请勿入内！
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep (sb/sth) out of sth
■to avoid becoming involved in something, or to stop someone or something becoming involved in something （使）不参加；（使）不卷入；（使）置身于…之外
• I prefer to keep out of arguments about money. 我不爱卷入关于钱的争执。
• Keep me out of this! 别把我扯进此事！
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep to somewhere
■to stay in one particular area 留在（某一区域），不离开（某处）
• Please keep to the footpaths. 请走行人道。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep sth to sth
■If you keep something to a particular number or amount, you make certain it does not become larger than that. 把…控制在（某一数量）内
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [R] keep sth to yourself
■to keep something secret 对（某事）保守秘密，不把…讲出来
• I don't want everyone to know, so if you could keep it to yourself I'd appreciate it. 我不想人人都知道，如果你能保密，我将不胜感激。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep yourself to yourself
■to not talk to other people very much 与人交往不多；不合群
• He's a very private person - he keeps himself to himself. 他是个非常孤僻的人——不太与人交往。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep to sth
PLAN
■to do what you have promised or planned to do 遵守，信守（诺言）；坚持（计划）
• I think we should keep to our original plan. 我想我们应当坚持原本计划。
SUBJECT
■If you keep to a particular subject, you only talk about that subject 不背离，不偏离（某一主题）
• For heaven's sake let's keep to the point or we'll never reach any decisions. 看在老天的份上，我们别离题，否则甚么都决定不下来。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] keep sth up
■to not allow something that is at a high level to fall to a lower level 使不下降；使保持在高水准
• You must eat to keep your strength up. 你必须吃东西以保持体力。
keep up appearances
■to pretend to be happier, less poor, etc. than you really are, because you do not want people to know how bad your situation is 维持门面，保持体面；保持常态
• They were very unhappily married but kept up appearances for the sake of their children. 他们的婚姻并不幸福，但为了子女而装作一切正常。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] keep (sth) up
■to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change （使）继续下去，（使）不停止；（使）不改变
• Keep up the good work! 继续好好工作！
keep it up
■used to encourage someone to continue doing something （用于鼓励）继续做吧
• You're doing very well everybody. Keep it up! 你们每个人都做得很好，继续下去！
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep up
■to be able to understand or deal with something that is happening or changing very fast 跟上（变化、形势等）
• I read the papers to keep up with what's happening in the outside world. 我读报纸以便跟上外界的形势。
[ki:p] verb (kept, kept)
  Phrasal Verbs  keep up (with sb/sth)
 IMPROVER
■If someone or something keeps up with someone or something else, they do whatever is necessary to stay level or equal with that person or thing 不落后；跟上；（与…）并驾齐驱
• He started to walk faster and the children had to run to keep up. 他开始加快脚步，孩子们不得不跑步才能跟上。
• Wages are failing to keep up with inflation. 现在的工资跟不上通货膨胀的速度。
keep up with the Joneses disapproving
■to always want to own the same expensive objects and do the same things as your friends or neighbours because you are worried about seeming less important socially than they are （在物质生活方面）与朋友（或邻居）比较
[ki:p] noun
LIVING EXPENSES 生计
uncountable
■the cost of providing food, heating and other necessary things for someone 生计；生活费用
• He's old enough now to earn his keep and stop living off his parents. 他现已长大成人，可以自谋生计而不再依靠父母。
[ki:p] noun
TOWER 塔楼
countable specialized
■the strong main tower of a castle 要塞；城堡主楼
have, hold, possess, own, enjoy, keep
这组词都有“有，具有，持有”的意思，其区别是：
have: 最常用词，可指任何情况下的具有，无论是物质的或精神的。
hold: 指拥有并保持财产及持有见解等，暗示不让别人拿走或占有。
possess: 较正式，指拥有或占有并能加以控制与支配，强调其归属；也指具有某种品质、才能、特点或性能等。
own: 不及本组的possess正式，多指所属关系，强调所有权，不管所属物是否在物主手中。
enjoy: 指享有某种权利或长处，带有欣赏或喜爱的情感。
keep: 指长时间地保有，保存某物，防止别人占去，强调安全和感情上的依附。
conserve, reserve, retain, withhold, preserve, keep
这组词都有“保持，保存”的意思，其区别是：
conserve: 一般指保存自然资源，保全人的精力、力量等。
reserve: 正式用词，指为了将来的用途或其他用途而保存、保留。
retain: 指继续保持。
withhold: 指扣住不放，暗示有阻碍。
preserve: 主要指为防止损害、变质等而保存。
keep: 最常用词，指长时间牢固地保持或保存。
vt. 保持；经营；遵守；饲养
 - retain, operate, run, respect, work
vi. 保持；继续不断
 - remain, to hold
n. 保持；生计；生活费
 - conservation, maintenance, livelihood

Word: talon
Front: talon
[ˈtælən] (宝 16363/17274)
Vocabulary: talon
(once / 3055 pages)
n
A talon is a large, hooked claw. Although talons are usually associated with eagles, hawks and other birds of prey, you can also use the word to describe the flesh-tearing claws or fingernails of raptors, werewolves or even enraged preschoolers.
Talons typically belong to predators — the word implies bloody attack. An owl uses talons to stab and kill its prey. A chicken, however, uses claws to pick at its feathers and scratch around in the dirt. You can also pull talons into the conversation to be funny or sarcastic: “Hey! Get your talons off that piece of cake. It’s mine.”
WORD FAMILY
talon: talons
USAGE EXAMPLES
It features an eagle, one of Carmen’s favorite creatures, with outstretched wings and sharp talons, hovering over a momma wolf and her two pups.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Fitzgerald worked for Talon Air and was preparing to fly to Massachusetts when he was ordered from the cockpit.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
He had started his own private-security business when the San Antonio Talons extended an offer, prompting him to give football one more shot.
Washington Post(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指猛禽的）爪; （如爪般的）手指; 爪状物; 锁簧尖状突出部
分布：爪(67%)，手(17%)，发剩的牌(8%)，爪状物(8%)
→来自古法语 talon,人或动物的后脚跟，来自拉丁语 talus,跟踝。后用于指鸟或禽的爪子。
【记】读：泰森－拥有锐利的爪子。
noun countable
■a sharp nail on the foot of a bird which it uses when hunting animals （尤指猛禽的）爪
n. 爪； [建] 爪饰；如爪的手
 - unguis, claw

Word: downgrade
Front: downgrade
[ˌdaʊnˈgreɪd] (16410/15817 -1)
Back: v. 使降低; 使降职; 贬低; 低估
时态：downgraded, downgrading, downgrades
分布：使降级(80%)，使降低(20%)
贬低,降低(down向下→grade→向下贬低)[grad=step,grade,表示"步,级"]
verb transitive
■to reduce someone or something to a lower rank or position, or to make something less important or less valued （使）降级；（使）降职；贬低；轻视
• My job's been downgraded to that of ordinary editor. 我已经被降为普通编辑了。
• We mustn't let management downgrade the importance of safety at work. 我们绝不能允许管理层轻视工作安全问题。
Compare upgrade
n. 退步；下坡
 - setback, declivity
adj. 下坡的
 - declivous

Word: self-reliance
Front: self-reliance
[self rɪ'laɪəns] None
Back: n. 自恃，倚靠自己
分布：自力更生(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
自主;自立;自力更生
Self-reliance is the ability to do things and make decisions by yourself, without needing other people to help you.
例：People learned self-reliance because they had to...人们被迫学会了自力更生。
例：The Prime Minister called for more economic self-reliance.首相呼吁加强经济上的自给自足。

Word: patently
Front: patently
[ˈpeɪtəntli] (16413/13725)
Vocabulary: patently
(once / 10649 pages)
adv
Use the adverb patently when you want to emphasize something as clearly obvious. For example, you might say "It's patently clear that you hate spinach."
It might be patently obvious to you that your roommate forgot to take out the trash, or patently absurd that your brother thinks he will have a long, successful career as a street magician and fire juggler. Either way, the word patently serves to emphasize how apparent or clear your observation is. The Latin root of patently makes its meaning patently clear: patere means "lie open" or "be open."
WORD FAMILY
patent: patency, patented, patentedly, patentee, patenting, patently, patents+/patency: patencies/patented: unpatented/patentee: patentees
USAGE EXAMPLES
An airline official called the allegations “patently false.”
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
An airline executive calls the allegations “patently false.”
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
This baseless drivel is fake news at its most patently absurd.
Washington Post(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 明白地，公然地
分布：公然地(40%)，明白地(40%)，毫无疑问地(20%)
US [-tənt-] adverb
■in a way that is clear 显然
• She was patently lying. 她显然在说谎。
• It's patently obvious that he doesn't care. 很显然，他并不在乎。
adv. 明显地；公然地；明白地
 - obviously, clearly, publicly, broadly, markedly

Word: comforter
Front: comforter
[ˈkʌmfətə(r)] (16393/32897)
Back: n. 安慰者; 羊毛围巾; 增加对方痛苦的安慰者; 橡皮奶头
分布：安慰者(67%)，盖被(25%)，长围巾(8%)
US [-tˌɚ] US (UK duvet)
noun countable
■a large soft flat bag filled with feathers or artificial material used on a bed （大的）羽绒被；盖被
n. 安慰者；圣灵；（美）被子；（英）羊毛围巾
 - paraclete, mollifier

Word: wispy
Front: wispy
[ˈwɪspi] (托 16412/21169)
Vocabulary: wispy
(once / 20344 pages)
1adj 2adj
Wispy describes something that's vague or flimsy. If your explanation of why you didn't help your mom paint the kitchen was weak and didn't help her understand your reasons, you'd call that a wispy explanation.
Wispy can be used more literally to describe things that are physically not very substantial, like the delicate necklace that breaks as soon as you wear it. A person who looks weak and thin could also be described as wispy. A wisp is something flimsy, but in its original meaning, it was a handful of hay or grass — again, something very light.
WORD FAMILY
wispy: wispier, wispiest, wispily+/ wisp: wisplike, wisps, wispy
USAGE EXAMPLES
Those legendary eyebrows are wispy now, the devilish eyes half-closed as he lies beside a tray of juice and apple sauce.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
It’s just one of the ways that Brugnoli combines the wispy and the monumental.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Burly, with a dark, full beard, O'Toole's character is considerably different than the wispy Lawrence of Arabia he'd played six years earlier.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 像小束状的，纤细的，脆弱的
级别：wispier, wispiest
分布：细微的(50%)，小束的(25%)，模糊的(25%)
【记】wisp（n 小束；纤细的东西；v 把…卷成一捆），y：纤细的读：微死皮，微微的留下一张死人皮－脆弱的
adjective
■in the form of a wisp or wisps 一缕（缕）的
• a wispy cloud/fringe 一缕云／一绺浏海
adj. 象小束状的，纤细的；脆弱的
 - tender, slight

Word: expound
Front: expound
[ɪkˈspaʊnd] (托宝 16419/14074 -1)
Vocabulary: expound
(once / 1279 pages)
v
If given recipe directions that include "some sugar," "some onions," and "some flour" as ingredients, you might ask the cook to expound by adding measurements of how much of each to use. When you expound, you explain or provide details.
Expound came into English from a 14th-century French word espondre meaning "to elaborate" or "put forth." Often when you expound something you are clarifying or giving the particulars. A more formal way to expound is to offer exposition, often going line by line to explain precise meanings in a text or legal document.
WORD FAMILY
expound: expounded, expounder, expounding, expounds+/expounder: expounders/expounding: expoundings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dimon expounded on that this fall in an appearance before the Washington Economic Club.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
For hours, Castro expounded about the world, whether the CIA or the intransience of the Russians.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
It listed the choices of accommodations and meeting rooms and expounded on the location’s “striking prominence” at historical moments such as the Inauguration Day parade.
Washington Post(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: vt. 解释，详细讲解
时态：expounded, expounding, expounds
分布：阐述(76%)，解释(15%)，详细说明(9%)
→ex-, 向外。-poun, 放置，词源同component.compound. 即展开，阐述。
详细说明(ex出+pound→把[意义]说出来→详细说明)[pon,pound=put,表示"放置"]
[ɪk'spaʊnd] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to give a detailed explanation of something 详细解释；阐述；详细说明
• He's always expounding on what's wrong with the world. 他总是在痛斥这个世界的弊病。
• She uses her newspaper column to expound her views on environmental issues. 她利用主笔的报纸专栏阐述自己对环境问题的观点。
vt. 解释；详细说明
 - specify, translate
vi. 解释；详细说明
 - account, to interpret

Word: Labour
Front: Labour
['leɪbə(r)] (中高四六 16348/724 -K5)
Back: n. 劳动; 劳工; 分娩，临产阵痛; 工作，活计
vi. 劳动，努力; 艰难行进; 分娩，产前阵痛; 使疲倦
时态：laboured, labouring, labours
分布：劳动(76%)，劳工(11%)，分娩(6%)，努力(4%)，困难吃力地行进(1%)，干苦力活(1%)，反复说明(1%)
US [-bɚ] noun
WORK 工作
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■practical work, especially that which involves physical effort 劳动；（尤指）体力劳动
• The car parts themselves are not expensive, it's the labour that costs the money. 汽车零件本身并不贵，但人工费很高。
• manual labour (= hard work using the hands) 体力劳动
 IMPROVER uncountable
■workers, especially people who do practical work with their hands （尤指做体力工作的）工人，劳工
• skilled/unskilled labour 熟练／非熟练工人
labours (ALSO US also labors) [plural] literary
■all the effort and hard work that have been involved in doing a particular piece of work 努力；辛勤劳动
• Are you tired after your labours? 辛勤工作之后你觉得累吗？
• West was paid very little for his labours. 韦斯特的辛勤劳动只换来了微薄酬劳。
• Retirement is the time to enjoy the fruits of your labours. 退休就是享受辛勤工作成果的时候。
UK (ALSO US labor) UK ['leɪ.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
BIRTH 出生
countable or uncountable
■the last stage of pregnancy from the time when the muscles of the womb start to push the baby out of the body until the baby appears 分娩期；分娩，生产，临盆
• labour pains 分娩时的阵痛
• She went into (= started) labour at twelve o'clock last night. 昨晚12点她开始分娩。
• I was in labour for twelve hours with my first baby. 我生第一个孩子用了12个小时。
• No two labours are ever the same. 没有两次分娩是完全相同的。
UK (ALSO US labor) UK ['leɪ.bər] US [-bɚ] noun
labour of love
■a piece of hard work which you do because you enjoy it and not because you will receive money or praise for it, or because you need to do it 出于爱好而做的困难工作；甘愿做的事
• He's always working on his car - it's a labour of love. 他总是在玩弄他的汽车——那是他的爱好。
UK (ALSO US labor) UK ['leɪ.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
intransitive
■to do hard physical work 劳动，劳作，做粗活
• He travelled around Europe labouring to pay his way. 他靠打工赚路费周游了欧洲。
• [+ to infinitive] Three hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still labouring to free those trapped. 爆炸发生三小时后，救援队员还在奋力拯救被困的人。
intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to do something slowly with great physical or mental effort 艰难地做，费劲地工作，苦干
• He laboured up the hill with his heavy load. 他负重艰难地登上了山顶。
• She's been labouring over the same article for days. 她为了这篇文章已经苦熬好几天了。
UK (ALSO US labor) UK ['leɪ.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
labour the point
■to try too hard to express an idea, feeling or opinion, repeating it unnecessarily 反覆强调，不厌其烦地表明，三番五次地说明
• Look, there's no need to labour the point - I made a mistake - I admit it! 喂，用不着三番五次地说来说去——我犯了错误——我承认！
UK (ALSO US labor) UK ['leɪ.bər] US [-bɚ] verb
labour under the delusion/illusion/misapprehension, etc.
■to wrongly believe that something is true 有错觉／幻想／误解
• At the time I was still labouring under the delusion that the project might be a success. 当时我仍在幻想那个企划案可能会成功。
n. [劳经] 劳动力，人工；分娩
 - delivery, manpower
vi. [劳经] 劳动；分娩；费力地前进
 - swink

Word: degeneration
Front: degeneration
[dɪˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn] (16383/19689)
Vocabulary: degeneration
(once / 3771 pages)
n
Degeneration is a process of decline. Anything that’s getting worse is going through degeneration. A grand old mansion that’s now abandoned and covered with weeds is in a state of degeneration.
When something degenerates, it gets worse in some way, like a house that’s slowly sinking in the mud. This process of decline is called degeneration. The word is from the Latin word degenerare which means "to be inferior to one's ancestors.” Ouch. Now degeneration refers to anything in a state of decline, such as a friendship that was strong and now barely exists.
WORD FAMILY
degeneration: degenerations+/degeneracy: degeneracies/ degenerate: degeneracy, degenerated, degenerately, degenerates, degenerating, degeneration, degenerative
USAGE EXAMPLES
In MS, inflammatory flare-ups strip neurons of their protective myelin sheaths, leaving them vulnerable to degeneration.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
An alternative theory is that progressive MS does not result from inflammation at all, but rather from the degeneration that follows the early inflammatory injury.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
The disease causes brain degeneration, emaciation, abnormal behavior, loss of bodily functions and death.
Washington Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: n. 变性; 退化; 恶化; 变质
分布：堕落(66%)，恶化(29%)，动词degenerate的名词形式.(5%)
noun [S or U]
■the process by which something gets worse 恶化；衰退；退化
• There has been a gradual degeneration of the judicial system in the last few years. 近些年来司法制度日渐腐败。
• High blood pressure can cause degeneration of the heart muscles. 高血压可引起心肌变性。
n. [生物] 退化； [医] 变性；堕落；恶化
 - regression, corruption, degradation, deterioration

Word: modulate
Front: modulate
[ˈmɒdjuleɪt] (六托宝 16415/15884)
Vocabulary: modulate
(once / 2649 pages)
v
Is your friend's voice so high-pitched that people are starting to stare? Sweetly ask, "Can you modulate your voice, please? To modulate is to change the pitch of something.
You can modulate things other than sound — it still refers to something that's being adjusted. Schools might modulate the number of students in the hallways at the same time by having each grade level start and end each at a different time. Traffic lights can modulate the number of cars that pass through an intersection in a certain interval. Computer modems modulate signals to allow computers to transfer information. In fact, modem gets its name from modulate/demodulate.
WORD FAMILY
modulate: demodulate, modulated, modulates, modulating, modulation +/demodulate: demodulator/modulated: unmodulated/ modulation: demodulation, modulations
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is the spirit of dissent, whether beautifully modulated or off the cuff.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
How do you extend joy, modulate it, introduce variations, without diminishing it?
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
So one option is to develop medicines based on molecules that modulate these regulatory pathways.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 调整; 调制; 调节; 变调
时态：modulated, modulating, modulates
分布：调整(84%)，变调(16%)
→来自module,模块，单元，-ate,使。即使模块化，单元化，引申词义调节，调整。
调整,调节(mod+ulate→对模式进行调整→调整)[mod=mode,manner,表示"方式,模式,风度"]
US ['mɑ:.dʒə-] verb transitive
VOICE 声音
■to change the style, loudness, etc. of something such as your voice in order to achieve an effect or express an emotion 改变（嗓音）的音量（或音质等），调节（声音）
• His gentle introductory tone modulates into a football coach's pre-game pep talk. 他语气温和的开场白变成了足球教练赛前鼓舞士气的慷慨陈词。
UK ['mɒd.jʊ.leɪt] US ['mɑ:.dʒə-] verb transitive
PLAN/PROCESS 计划／过程 formal
■to change something, such as an action or a process, to make it more suitable for its situation 调节，调整
• An elected committee will meet monthly to modulate the council's energy policy. 一个选举产生的委员会将每月碰面以调整市政会的能源政策。
UK ['mɒd.jʊ.leɪt] US ['mɑ:.dʒə-] verb transitive
BROADCASTING 广播 specialized
■to mix an electrical signal which represents sounds or pictures with a radio signal so that it can be broadcast 调制（无线电波）；调谐
vt. 调节；（信号）调制；调整
 - regulate, coordinate

Word: adjourn
Front: adjourn
[əˈdʒɜ:n] (托宝 16425/7273 -1)
Vocabulary: adjourn
(once / 853 pages)
v
To adjourn is to close a session of something, like at court. People also adjourn when they go to bed.
When something is adjourned, it's over. This word comes up most often in court. Lawyers and citizens don't have the power to adjourn — to call a recess in the proceedings. Only a judge can adjourn the court. This can also be used in any situation where someone is withdrawing from somewhere, or retiring for awhile. "I must adjourn!" is a fancy way of saying "I'm out of here! I need to get some sleep. See you tomorrow."
WORD FAMILY
adjourn: adjourned, adjourning, adjournment, adjourns+/adjournment: adjournments
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the end, both the House and Senate adjourned without repealing the bill.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Mr Justice Nicol adjourned sentencing until 23 January for further reports to be prepared.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Lawmakers began the surprise session Wednesday within minutes of adjourning another special session called by McCrory to approve a disaster relief package.
Washington Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. （使）休会，（使）休庭
时态：adjourned, adjourning, adjourns
分布：换地方(58%)，中止(42%)
→前缀ad-, 去，往。词根journ, 天，见journal,日志。推迟一天，或很多天。
延期;体会(ad增加+jourm增加日期→延期)[journ=day,表示"日期"]
【记】ad朝向，journ＝journey旅行。中国还是一个腐败的社会。从中国国家机关的开会制度就可以看出来。尤其是对于地点的选择，总是选一些风景名胜区，譬如九寨沟和张家界。因为在休会期间，这些领导们可以顺便花公款旅游一翻。
【参】journey（n 旅行）；journal（n 定期刊物，杂志，航海日记）
【反】convoke（vt 召集[会议]）
US [-'dʒɝ:n] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
■to have a pause or rest during a formal meeting or trial （使）休会；（使）休庭
• The meeting was adjourned until Tuesday. 会议延期至星期二。
• Shall we adjourn for lunch? 我们暂停先去吃午餐好吗？
UK [ə'dʒɜ:n] US [-'dʒɝ:n] formal
verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  adjourn to somewhere humorous
■to finish doing something and go somewhere, usually for a drink and some food （通常指为享用饮食）到别处
• Shall we adjourn to the sitting room for coffee? 我们到客厅喝杯咖啡好吗？
vi. 休会；延期；换地方
 - delay, hold over
vt. 推迟；使…中止；使…延期
 - wait, phase back

Word: squeal
Front: squeal
[skwi:l] (11713/15659 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 发尖叫声; 〈俚〉激烈抗议; 〈俚〉告密
n. 长而尖锐的叫声; 〈美〉抗议
时态：squealed, squealing, squeals
分布：告密(54%)，长而尖的叫声(28%)，用长而尖的声音说(9%)，发出长声尖叫(9%)
verb intransitive
■to make a long very high sound or cry 发出长而尖的声音；尖叫
• We could hear the piglets squealing as we entered the farmyard. 我们走进农场庭院时，可以听见小猪在长嚎悲鸣。
• The brakes squealed as the van rounded the corner. 货车转弯时刹车发出了尖厉的声音。
• The two children squealed with joy. 两个孩子高兴地尖叫着。
■informal
■to complain about something loudly 大声抱怨；高声抗议
• The threat of further changes in the education system is making teachers squeal. 进一步改革教育系统的威胁令教师们大声抗议。
■slang disapproving
■to give information to the police about people you know who have committed a crime 告密，告发
• When he finds out who squealed on him, he's going to make them very sorry. 等他查出是谁告的密，他会让他们后悔的。
[skwi:l] noun countable
■a long very high sound or cry 发出长而尖的声音；尖叫
• Erik collapsed into giggles and squeals as Penny began tickling him. 彭妮开始给埃里克搔痒时，他咯咯笑着，尖叫着缩成一团。
• The train ground to a halt with a squeal of brakes. 伴随着刺耳的煞车声，火车停了下来。
vt. 告密；长声尖叫
 - split fair
vi. 告密；尖声地说
 - inform, rat
n. 尖叫声
 - scream

Word: macro
Front: macro
[ˈmækrəʊ] (16310/22288 -1)
Vocabulary: macro
(once / 14830 pages)
1adj 2n
Anything macro is enlarged or on a very large scale. A macro perspective on life is one that stands back and takes in the entirety of experience, rather than examining smaller details up close.
While two political parties might argue over specifics, a political analyst might claim that on a macro (or large-scale) level, their policies and positions are essentially the same. A macro lens for a camera, however, does examine small details, but does it by blowing them up into something large. With a macro lens, you can photograph a butterfly or a flower and capture every last tiny element on film. Macro has a Greek root, makros, "long or large."
WORD FAMILY
macro: macros
USAGE EXAMPLES
Boardman said the labor talks focused on workers in D.C. and that “there were no discussions about macro issues.”
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Then I saw this beauty and I immediately switched from the macro to the wide-angle lens and composed this frame.
BBC(Dec 15, 2016)
The memo noted that the Macro's energy business accounted for less than two percent of overall revenue for the markets business at the British lender.
Reuters(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: n. [自]宏指令; 巨（计算机术语）
adj. 巨大的; 大量使用的; 特别突出的; 极厚的
分布：宏观的(100%)
→缩写自macro-instruction.
US [-roʊ] noun countable (plural macros) specialized
■a single instruction given to a computer which produces a set of instructions for the computer to perform a particular piece of work 巨集指令（向电脑发出的可产生一系列指令的一个指令，使电脑完成某一项工作）
• I've created a macro to spell check all the files at the same time. 我建立了一个巨集指令，可以同时对所有档案进行拼写检查。
adj. 巨大的，大量的
 - huge, massive, tremendous, enormous, extensive

Word: putative
Front: putative
[ˈpju:tətɪv] (宝 16411/15427)
Vocabulary: putative
(once / 17881 pages)
adj
You might be the putative leader of your lacrosse team, even if someone else holds the title of captain. Putative means to be known as something by reputation, or assumed to be something, or generally accepted.
Every once in a while, a putative planet is reported in the news, which we get very excited about and which usually turns out to be an illusion. But in 2005, an astronomer discovered what appears to be a new planet beyond Neptune. But is this putative planet for real? There is always some doubt––something not quite official––about putative things.
WORD FAMILY
putative: putatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The United States now finds itself trying to persuade its putative ally to play a constructive rather than destructive role.
New York Times(Dec 06, 2016)
One advantage of being the putative leader of a great nation is that people pay attention, even when you’re spouting nonsense.
The New Yorker(Dec 01, 2016)
Don’t we want to raise a child without the impulse to terrorize any lifelike thing, regardless of its putative ontology?
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 一般认定的，推定的，假定存在的
分布：假定的(88%)，被公认的(12%)
→来自拉丁语putare,计算，判断，思考，词源同compute,repute.
【记】put，ative：暂时put在这里－认为是对的
US [-tˌə.tˌɪv] formal
adjective [before noun]
■generally thought to be or to exist, whether or not this is really true 假定存在的，被认为存在的
• The putative leader of the terrorist organization was arrested by police in Birmingham yesterday. 被认定为该恐怖组织头目的人昨天在伯明罕被警方逮捕了。
adj. 推定的，假定的
 - supposed, assumed, constructive

Word: dominion
Front: dominion
[dəˈmɪniən] (托 14454/10249 -1)
Vocabulary: dominion
(once / 597 pages)
n
When you are in charge of something or rule it, you have dominion over it. The most famous use of the word occurs in the Christian Bible, when God grants people dominion over other animals.
If you know the word domination, then you won't be surprised that dominion also has to do with a type of ruling over others. This is an old-fashioned and Biblical-sounding word for having power. A king has dominion over his kingdom. You'd never say the President has dominion, because we live in a democracy. Dominion implies more power than that — even absolute power. A dominion can also be an area or territory controlled by a larger country or state.
WORD FAMILY
dominion: dominions
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These days, I find myself returning to nature — less dominion, a little more wild,” she says.
Seattle Times(Nov 23, 2016)
To claw back the dominion he once enjoyed—to “make America great again”—Trump promised protectionism and “law and order.”
Slate(Nov 16, 2016)
With a hubris derived from its might and military dominion over Kashmir, the state convinces itself that it has the power to inflict blindness.
The Guardian(Nov 08, 2016)
Back: n. 统治权; 领土，疆土; 版图
分布：统治(67%)，领土(16%)，主权(15%)，英联邦的自治领土(2%)
领地;统治[domin=lord(主人)]
[də'mɪn.jən] formal
noun
uncountable
■control over a country or people 控制；统治；支配
• God has dominion over (= controls) all his creatures. 上帝主宰着他创造的一切生灵。
countable
■the land that belongs to a ruler 领地
• The chief's son would inherit all his dominions. 首领的儿子将继承他的所有领地。
n. [法] 主权，统治权；支配；领土
 - territory, governance, disposal, sovereignty, ruling

Word: popularly
Front: popularly
[ˈpɒpjələli] (16423/15102 -1)
Back: adv. 一般地，广泛地，大众地，通俗地; “popular”的派生
分布：通俗地(34%)，普遍地(26%)，大众地(20%)，一般地(20%)
ADV-GRADED
（相对于正式名称）通俗地，一般地
If something or someone is popularly known as something, most people call them that, although it is not their official name or title.
例：...the Mesozoic era, more popularly known as the age of dinosaurs.中生代，即一般所称的恐龙时代
例：...an infection popularly called mad cow disease.俗称疯牛病的传染病
ADV
普遍地；广泛地
If something is popularly believed or supposed to be the case, most people believe or suppose it to be the case, although it may not be true.
例：Schizophrenia is not a 'split mind' as is popularly believed...精神分裂症并非人们普遍认为的那样是“分裂的精神”。
例：She possessed the vibrant personality that is so often popularly associated with Spanish women.她拥有通常会令人联想到西班牙女性的火热个性。
ADV
由民众；由人民
A popularly elected leader or government has been elected by a majority of the people in a country.
例：Walesa was Poland's first popularly elected President.瓦文萨是波兰第一任民选总统。
adv. 流行地；通俗地；普及地；大众地
 - prevalently, vulgarly

Word: radial
Front: radial
[ˈreɪdiəl] (六 16392/10826)
Vocabulary: radial
(once / 6185 pages)
adjn
Radial things stick out from a center point or have to do with the radius of a circle. On a map, you can see that a traffic circle or roundabout consists of radial streets extending out from the center.
A radius is a line from the center of a circle to its edge, or circumference. The adjective radial describes anything that acts as a radius or resembles one — often something radial is literally a line sticking straight out from a center point. Radial tires are designed so that each individual rubber cord making up the tire's surface lies in a radial direction from the middle of the tire. In Latin, radius means "shaft" or "spoke of a wheel."
WORD FAMILY
radial: radially, radials
USAGE EXAMPLES
By using a complex mathematical method called radial velocity, they witnessed the planet’s gravitational effect on its star and deduced that it must be there.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
“When it spiral fractured, it cut the radial nerve to my hand and wrist, so it was paralyzed for two years.”
Washington Times(Dec 02, 2016)
The new pews, in dark walnut, will be aligned in a radial pattern.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 辐射状的; 放射式的; 径向的; 星形的
n. 子午线轮胎，辐射状轮胎
分布：子午线轮胎(62%)，放射状的(13%)，光线的(13%)，光线状的(8%)，放射状部分(4%)
→rad-,辐射，放射，-al,形容词后缀。
adjective
■spreading out from a central point 辐射状的；放射状的；辐式的
• a radial road system 辐射状的道路系统
['reɪ.di.əl] noun countable (also radial tyre)
■a tyre which has strings inside the rubber that go across the edge of the wheel at an angle of 90° rather than along it 辐射式轮胎，子午线轮胎
adj. 半径的；放射状的；光线的；光线状的
 - actinomorphic
n. [物] 射线，光线
 - ray, stream

Word: foreboding
Front: foreboding
[fɔ:ˈbəʊdɪŋ] (16427/15724)
Vocabulary: foreboding
(once / 1284 pages)
nadj
When you get a foreboding, you get a sense that something bad is going to happen. A foreboding is a foretelling, a sign or a glimpse, that "something wicked this way comes" — or might come.
If something doesn’t "bode" well, it means that the future doesn't look good. A foreboding is a glimpse or a feeling that bad things are going to happen. It's a premonition, or look into the future. Most times foreboding implies that something evil is coming, but sometimes it's used for anything bad up ahead, as in "she had a foreboding that the trip would get canceled due to the hurricane." Even if the future looks bright, a foreboding casts dread over what's ahead.
WORD FAMILY
foreboding: forebodingly, forebodings+/ bode: boded, bodes, boding, forebode/boding: bodings/forebode: foreboded, forebodes, foreboding
USAGE EXAMPLES
But prior to Friday’s bout, one foreboding figure loomed for the challenger.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
When there’s a cloud this large and foreboding no lining, silver or otherwise, will suffice.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
On reflection, art was simply reflecting life, a sense of foreboding and dread running throughout.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （对不祥之事的）预感，预知
adj. <文>（对不祥之事）预感的，预知的
v. <正>预示（灾祸等）( forebode的现在分词 )
分布：不祥的预感(80%)，有不祥预感的(10%)，动词forbode的现在分词形式.(10%)
US [fɔ:r'boʊ-] noun countable or uncountable literary
■a feeling that something very bad is going to happen soon （对不祥之事的）预感
• There's a sense of foreboding in the capital, as if fighting might at any minute break out. 在首都有种不祥的预感，似乎战争随时都可能爆发。
• Her forebodings about the future were to prove justified. 她对未来的不祥预感即将得到证实。
• [+ (that)] He had a strange foreboding (that) something would go wrong. 他有种要出问题的奇怪的预感。
n. 预感；先兆；预兆
 - warning, anticipation

Word: foundational
Front: foundational
[faʊn'deɪʃənəl] (16331/46583)
Back: 基本的，基础的
分布：形容词(96%)，名词(4%)
adj. 基础的；基本的
 - basic, elementary, fundamental, essential, primary

Word: spool
Front: spool
[spu:l] (宝 16319/27192 -1)
Back: n. 线轴，线管; 线轴状物; 卷络的数量[长度]; 缠线框
vt. 把…绕在卷轴上; 缠绕
时态：spooled, spooling, spools
分布：线轴(60%)，缠绕(25%)，卷在线轴上(10%)，缠线用的卷盘(5%)
→来自古诺斯法语 spole,线轴，来自 Proto-Germanic*spolon,线轴，来自 spel,分开，词源同 spill,splice.
noun countable
■a tube-shaped object with top and bottom edges that stick out and around which a length of thread, wire, film, etc. is wrapped in order to store it （线、金属丝、胶片等的）卷轴，卷盘
• a spool of cotton/film 一轴棉线／一卷底片
vt. 缠绕；卷在线轴上
 - wind, enwind

Word: quagmire
Front: quagmire
[ˈkwægmaɪə(r)] (宝 16401/22373 -1)
Vocabulary: quagmire
(once / 6043 pages)
n
A quagmire is a dangerous place, like the muddy shoreline of a pond. Because it's so hard to climb out of a quagmire, the word has also come to also mean any difficult or sticky situation you find yourself in.
Long ago, quag was a synonym for "bog" or "marsh," a swampy area where water seems to sit instead of drain out. Mire is another word to describe such a place. As a verb mire means "stuck," like someone who's mired in quicksand or mired in work — both prevent you from going anywhere. In a quagmire, you get stuck physically — or, even more commonly, in a situation that is hard to escape because there is no easy solution.
WORD FAMILY
quagmire: quagmires
USAGE EXAMPLES
Other than that, it is good that we did not get any more involved in the Syrian quagmire than we did.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Russia’s Mideast muscle-flexing carries risks of getting bogged down militarily in regional quagmires.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 23, 2016)
"As unfortunate as it is, I understand the quagmire," Trump told the Times.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 沼泽地; 泥潭; 无法脱身的困境
分布：沼泽(90%)，绝境(10%)
→quag,泥沼，mire,沼泽。两个单词实质上表达的是一个意思，比较lukewarm.
【记】quag（n 沼泽），mire（n 泥潭）：mi密，re热－又密又热的地方－沼泽
US ['kwæg.maɪr] noun countable
■an area of soft wet ground which you sink into if you try and walk on it 沼泽地，泥潭
• At the end of the match, the pitch was a real quagmire. 在比赛的最后阶段，场地是一片泥泞。
■a difficult and dangerous situation 困境，危险的境地
• Since the coup, the country has sunk deeper into a quagmire of violence and lawlessness. 自政变以来，该国陷入了暴力肆虐、无法无天的境地，而且情况越来越严重。
n. [地理] 沼泽，沼泽地；无法脱身的困境
 - wetland, cienaga

Word: risotto
Front: risotto
[rɪˈzɒtəʊ] (16286/44244)
Back: n. 意大利调味饭（肉汤加干酪等制成）
分布：意大利调味饭(100%)
→来自意大利语 riso,大米，词源同 rice.-otto,小词后缀。用于指意大利的肉汁烩饭。
US [-'zɑ:.tˌoʊ] (plural risottos)
noun countable or uncountable
■a dish of rice cooked together with vegetables, meat, etc. 义大利调味饭（用米饭和蔬菜、肉等一起烹制）

Word: rationalization
Front: rationalization
[ˌræʃnəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (16414/15961)
Vocabulary: rationalization
(once / 24936 pages)
1n 2n 3n
Rationalization means organizing something into a logically coherent system. Factory organization is often rationalized to make it as efficient as possible.
Sometimes rationalization means a way someone justifies their action. You might take the last piece of chocolate cake because, gosh darn it, you wanted it, but you justify it with the rationalization that "it was just going to go to waste."
WORD FAMILY
rationalization: rationalizations+/ irrational: irrationality, irrationally, irrationals/irrationality: irrationalities/ rational: irrational, nonrational, rationalise, rationalism, rationality, rationalize, rationally, rationalness, rationals/rationalisation: rationalisations/rationalise: rationalisation, rationalised, rationalises, rationalising/ rationalism: rationalist, rationalistic/rationalist: rationalists/rationalistic: rationalistically/ rationality: rationalities/ rationalize: rationalization, rationalized, rationalizes, rationalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
With every evasion, brushoff, innuendo, contortion, rationalization, and attack, they’re working hard, in unison, to steer your attention away from Russia.
Slate(Dec 19, 2016)
Before then, there was a lot of discrimination around me, but I had rationalizations.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Pressure is also coming from the rationalization of fisheries, to prevent overfishing.
Seattle Times(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: n. 合理化，合于经济原则; 文饰作用
分布：合理化(100%)
【记】源于：rational（adj 理性的；合理的）
【参】rationale（n 基本原理）
VERB
使…合理化;对…进行理性解释
If you try to rationalize attitudes or actions that are difficult to accept, you think of reasons to justify or explain them.
例：He further rationalized his activity by convincing himself that he was actually promoting peace...他坚信自己实际上是在促进和平，以此进一步将自己的行为合理化。
例：I poured my thoughts out on paper in an attempt to rationalize my feelings.我把自己的想法一股脑地写在纸上，以试图给自己的感受找个说辞。
VERB
精简;（通常指通过削减员工和设备）使更有效率
When a company, system, or industry is rationalized, it is made more efficient, usually by getting rid of staff and equipment that are not essential.
例：The network of 366 local offices is being rationalised to leave the company with 150 to 200 larger branch offices.该公司曾经拥有的366个地方办事处正被精简为150到200个规模较大的分支机构。

Word: all-important
Front: all-important
[ˈɔ:limˈpɔ:tənt] None
Back: adj. 非常重要的，首要的
分布：十分重要的(100%)
US [ˌɑ:l-] adjective
■extremely important 极其重要的，至关重要的；首要的
• It was Johansson who scored the all-important goal shortly before half-time. 正是约翰森在上半场结束前不久踢进了极其关键的一球。
adj. 非常重要的；首要的
 - principal, first-line

Word: anti-inflammatory
Front: anti-inflammatory
[ˌæntiinfləˈmeitəri] None
Vocabulary: anti-inflammatory
(once / 42980 pages)
n
An anti-inflammatory is an anti-inflammatory drug: a type of medicine that treats swelling and redness.
Inflammation originally meant to be consumed by flames, and these days it usually means a typre of soreness somewhere on your body that is red, feels hot, and and swells up. The anti prefix tells you that this word goes against the root, and anti-inflammatories are drugs that treat or fight against inflammation. If you have a red, swollen ankle, an anti-inflammatory might help.
WORD FAMILY
inflammatory: anti-inflammatory, inflammatorily, noninflammatory, pro-inflammatory+/ flame: flame-colored, flamed, flames, flaming, inflame /flaming: flamingest, flamingly, flamings/ inflame: inflamed, inflames, inflaming, inflammation, inflammatory /inflamed: inflamedly/inflaming: inflamings/ inflammation: inflammations
USAGE EXAMPLES
He received weekly injections of Toradol, an anti-inflammatory drug.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Amgen’s Enbrel anti-inflammatory treatment was among the drugs listed in the Vermont report; its price rose 93% over five years.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 31, 2016)
In one case, an unknown player tested positive for dexamethasone, an anti-inflammatory steroid with various uses including legitimate medical purposes.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. & n. 抗炎的（药）
分布：抗炎的(67%)，消炎的(33%)
/-tˌi.ɪn'flæm.ə.tɔ:r.i] adjective
■describes a drug that is used to reduce pain and swelling 消炎的，抗炎的；止痛消肿的
• anti-inflammatory drugs for arthritis 治疗关节炎的消炎药
[ˌæn.ti.ɪn'flæm.ə.tri] [ʊʃ] /-tˌi.ɪn'flæm.ə.tɔ:r.i] noun countable
■an anti-inflammatory drug 止痛消炎药
• Aspirin is an anti-inflammatory. 阿司匹林是一种止痛消炎药。

Word: mobster
Front: mobster
[ˈmɒbstə(r)] (16400/34442)
Vocabulary: mobster
(once / 12848 pages)
n
A mobster is a bad guy who's involved in organized crime or belongs to a gang. There are many movies about mobsters that take place in the 1920s and 30s.
As opposed to individual criminals, members of crime syndicates and gangs belong to a large, structured criminal organization. Someone who belongs to such a group is a mobster or a gangster. The term mobster comes from mob, another name for the Mafia, an Italian organized crime group. Originally mob meant just "a large group of people" or "the common people," from the Latin phrase mobile vulgus, "fickle common people."
WORD FAMILY
mobster: mobsters+/ mob: mobbed, mobbing, mobbish, mobed, mobing, moblike, mobs, mobster
USAGE EXAMPLES
Agents say he claimed in one wiretapped call to be a mobster.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The rabble-rousing evolved into extortion of local businesses, much as it did with the existing white ethnic gangs and local mobsters.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A street corner one block away from our home became a favorite spot for mobsters.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. <美俚>犯罪集团成员，匪徒，歹徒
分布：名词(100%)
→来自mob,暴徒，-ster,人，贬义后缀。
匪徒,歹徒(mob+ster人→暴民之人)[mob=move,表示"动"]
US ['mɑ:b.stɚ] noun countable mainly US for gangster
n. 匪徒；暴徒
 - mosstrooper, mobbist

Word: sounding
Front: sounding
[ˈsaʊndɪŋ] (16361/14059)
Back: n. 探通术
v. （使）发出声音，响( sound的现在分词 ); 发（音）; 试探; 探测
分布：试探(54%)，发声的(19%)，探测水的深度(9%)，动词sound的现在分词形式.(9%)，夸大的(9%)
→sound,试探，调查，-ing,动名词后缀。引申词义意见调查，征询意见。
N-SING
（铃或号的）发声，鸣响
The sounding of a bell or a horn is the act of causing it to make a sound.
例：There were 15 minutes between the first air raid alert and the sounding of the all-clear signal.第一次空袭警报和空袭警报解除信号之间间隔了 15 分钟。
N-COUNT
（收集或征询的）意见
If you take soundings, you try to find out people's opinions on a subject.
例：She will take soundings of the people's wishes before deciding on a course of action.在决定行动方针之前，她会对人们的愿望作一番调查。
sounding, voicing
sounding: 听起来，发声音 vi
voicing: 说出，讲出来 vt
n. 音响；试探；测探水深
 - fishing, feeler

Word: intern
Front: intern
[ɪnˈtɜ:n] (四宝 8079/21049 -1)
Vocabulary: intern
(once / 2188 pages)
1nv 2v
Somewhere between being a student and a professional is the life of an intern, an advanced student, especially in medicine, who gets on-the-job experience.
To intern or be an intern is to leave the classroom behind and start doing part of your profession — usually, the job of being a doctor. Sometimes an intern is paid, but not always, and the pay is never great. The experience is considered payment in itself. There have been many medical TV shows that feature interns, probably because the hours are long, the job is difficult, and there are many opportunities for drama in this boot camp for doctors. Medical interns may appreciate another meaning, which means to take away someone's freedom, as in "Why did you intern the prisoners?"
WORD FAMILY
intern: interned, internee, interning, internist, internment, interns, internship +/internee: internees/internist: internists/ internment: internments/ internship: internships
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
"I didn't tell my parents, but I started interning with restaurants."
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
Project ECHO’s long-distance training for physicians, their assistants and nurse practitioners mimics the mentoring that interns and residents receive at elite urban hospitals.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. <美>住院实习医生; 拘禁（俘虏等）; 扣留（船只等）; 同“interne”，同“internee”
vt. 拘留，关押
时态：interned, interning, interns
分布：实习生(90%)，扣留(5%)，拘留犯(3%)，作实习生(2%)
→来自in的比较级，-ter,比较级后缀，-n,鼻音后缀。即更里面的，用于动词词义拘留，关押。intern 实习医生，实习学生
【记】inter中间，n（看成监狱和公司）－拘留犯；在公司中作实习生源于：internal（adj 内在的；内部的）－关在内部－拘禁；实习
【参】internship（n 实习医师；实习期）
US [-ˈtɜ˞ːn/
■to put someone in prison for political or military reasons, especially during a war （尤指战时因政治或军事原因）拘禁，扣押，关押
• Many foreigners were interned for the duration of the war. 战争期间许多外国人被拘禁。
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
MEDICAL 医疗的 US a houseman
noun countable UK [ˈɪn.tɜːn] US [-tɜ˞ːn]
STUDENT 学生 mainly US someone who is finishing their training for a skilled job especially by getting practical experience of the work involved 实习人员，实习生
• She worked in the White House as an intern. 她在白宫做实习生。
n. 实习生，实习医师
 - trainee, probationer
vt. 拘留，软禁
 - hold, detain

Word: oncologist
Front: oncologist
[ɒŋ'kɒlədʒɪst] (16432/-)
Vocabulary: oncologist
(once / 26863 pages)
n
An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating different forms of cancer. Hearing that a friend or family member has to visit an oncologist is never good news.
Oncology is the medical treatment of cancer, and an oncologist is someone who has trained to practice oncology. Cancer is a disease that involves the abnormal growth of normal cells into masses, or tumors, and the word oncologist includes the prefix onco-, which is used in medical words to mean "tumor." It stems from the Greek root onkos, or "mass."
WORD FAMILY
oncologist: oncologists+/ oncology: oncologic, oncological, oncologist
USAGE EXAMPLES
“She was actually sent to hospice,” oncologist John Wrangle said.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
Thinking of her father and his illness, she wants to be an oncologist.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Eric Chow, an oncologist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, is leading an effort to see whether the drug prevents long-term cardiac deterioration.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: 肿瘤学家
分布：肿瘤学家(100%)
【记】on上面，co读：抠，logish：总在上面扣，因为肿瘤很痒痒。
【参】onset（n 攻击；有力的开始）；onslaught（n 冲击；猛攻）；slaughter（n /v 屠宰）

Word: mink
Front: mink
[mɪŋk] (16431/13208 -1)
Vocabulary: mink
(once / 2282 pages)
n
A mink is a small, furry animal that's similar to a stoat or a weasel. Minks are prized for their soft pelts, which are often made into fur coats. If you are on your way to an animal rights event, leave your mink coat in the closet.
You can use the noun mink to talk about the wild animal itself, which is not only hunted for its fur but also raised on farms, or to describe the wildly expensive coat made from the skin of many minks. A mink is the sort of warm fur coat you'd most likely see on a wealthy city dweller. The origin of mink is Scandinavian, related to the Swedish word menk, literally "a stinking animal in Finland."
WORD FAMILY
mink: minks
USAGE EXAMPLES
In her plea deal, the former Escondido woman acknowledged damaging the mink businesses.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The amount includes damages to paid to the Grafs and several mink farms.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Zsa Zsa was the original material girl, slung with pearls, dripping with diamonds, wrapped in mink, bristling with black feathers.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. [动]水貂; 貂皮; 貂皮衣
adj. 豪华的; 富裕的
分布：貂(91%)，貂皮衣(9%)
→来自北欧某语言。mink 水貂
noun countable or uncountable
■a small animal with valuable fur which is used to make expensive coats, or the fur from this animal 鼬，水貂
• a mink coat 貂皮大衣
n. 貂； [皮革] 貂皮衣
 - marten, ermine
adj. 豪华的；富裕的
 - grand, ritzy

Word: ration
Front: ration
[ˈræʃn] (托宝 11504/8465 -1)
Vocabulary: ration
(once / 636 pages)
nv
When you ration your supplies, you dole them out a little at a time. A ration is also a wartime military meal, or the portion of food that someone is allowed in times of scarcity.
A ration is the fixed portion of food or other goods allowed to each person in times of shortages. In the military, a soldier’s meal is called a ration, especially if it’s portable. As a verb, to ration something is to allow each person to have only a specific amount. During times of war many things have been rationed: gas, rubber, luxury items, and food. If you are diabetic you need to strictly ration your sugar intake.
WORD FAMILY
ration: rationing, rations
USAGE EXAMPLES
Food rationing grew so severe that Venezuelans spent all day waiting in lines.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She helped feed Jews and get them ration cards.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Despite severe food shortages, they scrounged up extra ration cards and provisions.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 定量; 配给量; 口粮; 合理的量，正常量
vt. 限量供应，配给供应; 给与…一天口粮; 供给（兵士）伙食，限定（粮食等）
时态：rationed, rationing, rations
分布：配给(42%)，定量(36%)，定额(21%)，限量供应(1%)
→来自拉丁语 rationem,思考，计算，部分，其主格形式为 ratio.引申词义定量，配给。
定量(计算出来的量)[ral=calculate,表示"计算"]
【记】源于：ratio（n 比；比率），按比例配给粮食。
noun countable
■a limited amount of something which one person is allowed to have, especially when there is not much of it available （尤指在分配物短缺时的）配给量，定量配给
• During the war, no one was allowed more than their ration of food, clothing and fuel. 战争期间，所有人得到的食物、衣服和燃料都不得超过其配给量。
rations [plural]
■the total amount of food that is given to someone to be eaten during a particular activity and in a particular period of time, especially an amount given to soldiers when they are fighting （尤指发给作战士兵的）口粮配给，口粮定量
■an amount of something that you would expect to have 合理的量；正常量；认为应该得到的量
• We've had more than our ration of problems recently. 最近我们遇到的问题很多，超出我们的能力范围了。
['ræʃ.ən] verb transitive
■to limit the amount of a particular thing that someone is allowed to have 对…实行配给；定量供应；限定…的量
• Do you remember when petrol was rationed to five gallons a week? 你还记得以前每周配给五加仑汽油的时候吗？
• My children would watch television all day long, but I ration it. 要不是我加以限制，孩子们会整天整天地看电视。
['ræʃ.ən] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] ration sth out
■to divide something between a group of people so that each person gets a small amount 把（有限的东西）分给；均分（少量的东西）
• Ann rationed out the cake between the children. 安把蛋糕平分给孩子们。
vt. 配给； [经管] 定量供应
 - admeasure, allowance
n. 定量；口粮；配给量
 - quantification, definite quantity

Word: valiant
Front: valiant
[ˈvæliənt] (托宝 16441/14720 -1)
Vocabulary: valiant
(once / 543 pages)
adj
It was pretty courageous of the automaker Plymouth to name a car the "Valiant" in the 1960s and 70s because that term usually refers to a hero or describes a really determined, or valiant, effort that doesn't end well.
Synonyms for valiant include "heroic" and "courageous," so it isn’t surprising that those who serve in the military often are called valiant. The 14th-century French origins of the word are "bold" or "of worth," which makes the adjective valiant a good one for describing ordinary people who put all they have into something, making their efforts valiant, even if they fail. The Plymouth Valiant, by the way, was considered a strong and successful car, though valiant usually refers to people.
WORD FAMILY
valiant: overvaliant, valiancy, valianter, valiantest, valiantly +/valiancy: valiancies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite our valiant efforts to be comprehensive, our oversights are numerous.
Slate(Dec 22, 2016)
Perhaps we are witnessing the beginning of the end of liberal democracy, and all our valiant efforts to resist are bound to fail.
Slate(Dec 20, 2016)
It was all a valiant attempt to force the federal government to follow the law.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: adj. 勇敢的，英勇的; 坚定的
n. 勇敢的人，勇士
分布：英勇的(37%)，勇敢的(32%)，勇士(22%)，勇敢的人(9%)
→来自拉丁语valere, 强健的，勇敢的，词源同value。
勇敢的(val+iant)[vail,val=strong,表示"强壮"]
【记】val力量，iant：有力量的－英勇的
【参】valor（n 英勇）
【反】pusillanimous＝craven（adj 胆小的）
adjective
■very brave or bravely determined, especially when things are difficult or the situation gives no cause for hope 英勇的，勇猛的；果敢的
• The company has made a valiant effort/attempt in the last two years to make itself more efficient. 公司在过去两年里为提高效率进行了不懈的努力／大胆的尝试。
adj. 英勇的，勇敢的
 - bold, game, brave, gallant
n. 勇士；勇敢的人
 - brave, warrior

Word: collusion
Front: collusion
[kəˈlu:ʒn] (托 16440/12382 -1)
Vocabulary: collusion
(once / 5727 pages)
n
If you are making secret agreements with someone, then you are in collusion with them. Every time gas prices jump, consumers suspect the gas station owners of collusion and price fixing.
The noun collusion almost always implies that plans are being made because of some nefarious, most likely illegal, purpose. An art thief could be in collusion with a museum director to steal a famous painting from an art museum. Things get sticky when there is collusion between government and business, between union and management, or between your siblings.
WORD FAMILY
collusion: collusions+/ collude: colluded, colludes, colluding, collusion, collusive/collusive: collusively
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president-elect described the freeze as part of a broader effort to “cleanup the corruption and special interest collusion in Washington, DC.”
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Will this collusion continue if, suddenly, the risks seem high?
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
The students were abducted and presumably killed by drug gangsters in collusion with police officers.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. 共谋，勾结，串通
分布：勾结(65%)，共谋(35%)
→来自collude, 密度。
共谋,勾结(col+lus玩+ion→共同玩弄→共谋)[col-,cor在同辅音词根前,表示"共同"]
同谋;勾结(col+lus+ion)[lud,lus=play,表示"玩,戏剧"]
勾结,串通(collude串通,搞阴谋,col+lud玩...共同玩)[-ion 1.表名词"动作或状态“2.表示"某种物,用品"]
[kə'lu:.ʒən] formal
noun uncountable
■agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to deceive or cheat someone 勾结，共谋，串通（多人为欺骗某人而达成的协议，当中涉及联合的违法或秘密行动）
• It is thought that they worked in collusion with the terrorist network. 人们认为他们与恐怖主义网路有勾结。
n. 勾结； [法] 共谋
 - conspiracy, complicity

Word: correlate
Front: correlate
[ˈkɒrəleɪt] (研六托雅 5266/6763 -1)
Vocabulary: correlate
(once / 1507 pages)
vnadj
If you notice that crumbs appear on your little brother's shirt whenever the cookies disappear from the cookie jar, you can say that you've correlated two facts, meaning that you've established or revealed that they're linked in a way that explains both of them.
Detectives correlate pieces of evidence in order to solve crimes. For example, they might correlate a suspect’s bandaged hand with a shattered third-floor window. Correlate can also be used as a noun. Some companies promote products by suggesting that their products increase “happiness correlates,” or factors that have been shown to have a relationship with happiness, like health and friendship.
WORD FAMILY
correlate: correlated, correlates, correlating, correlation, correlative+/correlated: uncorrelated/ correlation: correlational, correlations/correlative: correlatively, correlatives, correlativity
USAGE EXAMPLES
They found that an increase in fines assessed on children directly correlated to a rise in recidivism.
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Even studies showing that alterations in the microbiota correlate with disease severity, or that the microbiota normalizes with remission, fail to prove causation over correlation.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
Household formation is closely correlated with housing affordability and income.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: v. 使互相关联; 联系
n. 相关物; 相关联的人
adj. 相关的; 相应特点的
时态：correlated, correlating, correlates
分布：关联(90%)，使相互关联(6%)，相关物(4%)
→cor-, 强调。relate, 相关。
n.相互关联的事物v.(with,to)(使)互相关联The average salary is correlated with length of education.平均薪俸与教育时间之长短有互相的关联.
【记】cor共同，relate（v 使联系）－把东西联系在一起－使有联系
【参】correlation（n 相互关系；相关性）
V-RECIP-ERG
相互关联;极为相似
If one thing correlates with another, there is a close similarity or connection between them, often because one thing causes the other. You can also say that two things correlate .
例：Obesity correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke...肥胖会增加高血压和中风发作的几率。
例：The political opinions of spouses correlate more closely than their heights...配偶之间政治观点上的相似度要大于他们身高的相似程度。
VERB
使显示联系;使相互关联
If you correlate things, you work out the way in which they are connected or the way they influence each other.
例：Attempts to correlate specific language functions with particular parts of the brain have not advanced very far...人们试图把特定的语言功能与大脑的某些特定部位联系起来，这一努力目前还没有取得很大进展。
例：Lieutenant Ryan closed his eyes, first mentally viewing the different crime scenes, then correlating the data.瑞安中尉闭上眼睛，先是在脑海里回想了一遍不同的犯罪现场，然后将这些信息联系起来。
n. 相关物；相关联的人
 - relative
adj. 关联的
 - associated

Word: schoolboy
Front: schoolboy
[ˈsku:lbɔɪ] (16443/7028)
Back: n. （中小学的）男生; 学童
分布：男学生(62%)，男学生的(21%)，男学生参与的体育项目的(17%)
noun countable
■a boy who goes to school （中小学）男生
['sku:l.bɔɪ] noun countable
as every schoolboy/schoolchild knows
■used before you mention a fact that is familiar to everyone, including children 小学生的常识
• As every schoolboy knows, the Earth revolves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳运行，这是小学生的常识。
['sku:l.bɔɪ] adjective [before noun]
■like a child's 幼稚的
• I must say I find his schoolboy humour rather tiresome. 我得说，我觉得他那种幼稚的幽默很无趣。

Word: trifle
Front: trifle
[ˈtraɪfl] (研四六雅宝 16426/11802 -1)
Vocabulary: trifle
(once / 168 pages)
1nv 2n
A trifle is something that's totally unimportant. If your friend is freaking out over which shoes to buy and you call her dilemma a trifle, you're saying she shouldn't get so worked up over nothing.
Trifle comes from the Middle English trufle, meaning "fraud, joke, trick." You'll usually hear it used to mean "insignificant, trivial." If you write a little ditty to sing at a birthday party, you could say it's just a trifle. As a verb, trifle means "toy with, waste." If you play with someone's feelings without seriously meaning anything, you are trifling with his affection. Trifle is also a sweet, sticky cake. Don't trifle the day away dreaming about trifle. Make some!
WORD FAMILY
trifle: trifled, trifler, trifles, trifling +/trifler: triflers/ trifling: triflingly, triflings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Evidently, the episode boosted Yiannopoulos’s sense of himself as a man not to be trifled with.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
It’s a trifle that is best consumed on an airplane or in the midst of a crippling fever.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
Traditional fare such as mince pies, custard, sherry trifle and Twelfth Night fish cakes will please any aficionado of British cuisine.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 琐事; 少量; 蛋糕
vi. 轻视，藐视; 嘲弄; 随意摆弄，玩弄
vt. 浪费（时间或金钱）; 虚度
时态：trifled, trifling, trifles
分布：琐事(39%)，浪费(27%)，玩弄(23%)，少量(11%)
→来自古法语 trufle,嘲笑，嘲弄，小词形式于 truffe,欺骗。现词义可能来自不同词或受 trivial 影响。
n.少量;小事,琐事v.玩弄;嬉耍;忽视The merest trifle puts her out.一点小事就会使她心急.
noun
SWEET DISH 甜点
countable or uncountable
■a sweet cold dish consisting of a layer of fruit and sponge (= cake) , a layer of custard (= thick sweet yellow sauce) and a top layer of cream 鲜奶油松糕，果酱松糕（一种甜点，包括一层水果海绵蛋糕、一层蛋奶酱和一层鲜奶油）
• a sherry trifle 雪利酒浸果酱松糕
['traɪ.fl] noun
UNIMPORTANT THING 不重要的东西
countable formal
■a matter or object of little value or importance 琐事；零碎事
• I brought a few trifles back from India - bits of jewellery and material mainly. 我从印度带回来几样小玩意——主要是些首饰和布料。
a trifle
■slightly 稍微，略微
• I'm a trifle confused about the arrangements for tonight. 我对今晚的安排有点不太明白。
['traɪ.fl] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  trifle with sb/sth formal or old-fashioned
■to treat someone or something carelessly or without respect 戏弄；怠慢；小看
• He trifled with her affections (= feelings). 他玩弄她的感情。
• As you know, Caroline O'Neill is not a woman to be trifled with. 你也知道，卡罗琳‧奥尼尔这个女人可怠慢不得。
n. 琐事；蛋糕；少量
 - cake, bit
vi. 开玩笑；闲混；嘲弄
 - fool, kid around
vt. 浪费；虚度
 - lose, spend, moon, fool away

Word: bombshell
Front: bombshell
[ˈbɒmʃel] (16402/19695 -1)
Back: n. 炸弹; 爆炸性事件; 令人吃惊的事
分布：令人震惊的意外事件或消息(100%)
→bomb, 炸弹。shell, 弹壳。
US ['bɑ:m-] noun
NEWS 消息
countable usually singular
■a sudden and often unpleasant piece of news （常指令人不快的）出人意料的消息，爆炸性新闻
• My sister dropped a bombshell by announcing she was leaving her job. 我姐姐宣布她要辞职，这让大家大吃一惊。
UK ['bɒm.ʃel] US ['bɑ:m-] noun
WOMAN 女人
countable
■a very attractive woman 美女
• a blonde bombshell 金发美女
n. 炸弹；突发事件；引起震惊的人或事
 - emergency, crump

Word: betting
Front: betting
[ˈbetɪŋ] (16416/12238 -K)
Back: n. 打赌
v. 敢说，八成儿( bet的现在分词 ); 打赌(on,against,with); 敢断定; 敢说
分布：打赌(54%)，赌博(44%)，动词bet的现在分词形式.(2%)
US ['betˌ-] noun uncountable
■the habit of risking money on horse races, sports events, etc. 打赌，赌博
• Betting can be as addictive as drinking or smoking. 赌博像酗酒和抽烟一样，都是会上瘾的。
UK ['bet.ɪŋ] US ['betˌ-] noun uncountable
what's the betting? informal (also what do you bet?/the betting is)
■used to say that it is very likely that something is true or will happen 很可能是真的，很可能会发生
• What's the betting Dan forgets to bring the tickets? 丹十之八九会忘了带票，你敢打赌吗？
n. [法] 打赌；赌博
 - gaming, jeu
v. [法] 打赌（bet的ing形式）；断言
 - gambling, asserting

Word: alienated
Front: alienated
['eɪljəneɪtɪd] (16445/21666)
Vocabulary: alienated
(once / 2559 pages)
1adj 2adj
An alienated person feels estranged or divided from others, like a shy bookworm sitting in a group of enthusiastic sports fans.
The word alienated comes from the Latin alienus, which means "of or belonging to another place" — like an alien! A person who feels alienated may not actually be from another place (or planet), but he sure feels that way. You may feel alienated from your friends if they have all decided that punk rock is the greatest thing on earth, but you are still loyal to the classic rock that you all used to love.
WORD FAMILY
alien: alienated, aliened, alienism, alienly, aliens+/alienism: alienisms, alienist/alienist: alienists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Penney Co. cut back sales and promotions in favor of everyday low prices, but the move alienated shoppers and sales plummeted.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
Muslims who despise jihadists and long to modernize their countries with free markets and democratic institutions will be alienated from their potential Western partners.
Washington Post(Dec 11, 2016)
But equally important now are domestic violence, alcoholism, depression and anxiety conditions, alienated youth, exam-mania and much else.
BBC(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 感到孤独的，不合群的
v. 使疏远( alienate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使不友好; 转让; 让渡（财产等）
分布：疏远的(80%)，动词alienate的过去式和过去分词形式.(10%)，被隔开的(10%)
VERB
使疏远;使不友好
If you alienate someone, you make them become unfriendly or unsympathetic towards you.
例：The government cannot afford to alienate either group.疏远两个团体中的任何一方都是政府承受不起的。
VERB
（感情上、思想上）使疏远，离间
To alienate a person from someone or something that they are normally linked with means to cause them to be emotionally or intellectually separated from them.
例：His second wife, Alice, was determined to alienate him from his two boys.他的第二任妻子艾丽斯，决意要疏远他和两个儿子的感情。
adj. 疏远的；被疏远的
 - remote, estranged

Word: tidbit
Front: tidbit
[ˈtɪdbɪt] (16444/-)
Back: n. （美味食物的）一口; 小片珍馐; 趣闻; 小栏报导
分布：趣闻(44%)，味美的少量食品(28%)，=titbit.(28%)
→tid,软的，嫩的，bit,小块。
noun countable US for titbit
n. 小栏报导；珍闻（等于titbit）
 - titbit, nugget

Word: dogmatic
Front: dogmatic
[dɒgˈmætɪk] (托 16420/14806 -1)
Vocabulary: dogmatic
(once / 2146 pages)
adj
To be dogmatic is to follow a set of rules no matter what. The rules might be religious, philosophical, or made-up, but dogmatic people would never waver in their beliefs so don’t even think of trying to change their minds.
Dogmatic goes back to the Greek words dogma, which means basically “what one thinks is true” and dogmatikos, “pertaining to doctrine.” To be dogmatic is to follow a doctrine relating to morals and faith, a set of beliefs that is passed down and never questioned. It also refers to arrogant opinions based on unproven theories or even despite facts. Someone dogmatic might insist that dinosaurs never existed or that women shouldn’t drive. Dogmatic people are usually not very popular.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
pragmatic / dogmatic
If you're pragmatic, you're practical. You're living in the real world, wearing comfortable shoes. If you're dogmatic, you follow the rules. You're living in the world you want, and acting a little stuck up about it.
Pragmatic people have their feet on the ground and their heads there, too. No time for dreaming! They're realistic. A pragmatic approach to something is the sensible one. A pragmaticway to fix a bike is to use the tools you have rather than the ones you wish you had. Examples:
"The academic and political atmosphere in the 1990s was decidedly pragmatic, rather than optimistic." (The Guardian)
"Clinton, meanwhile, focuses on the pragmatic instead of the aspirational, using her experience as a guide to what can get done." (Salon)
"Shoes were thick-soled, while bags were pragmatic large backpacks." (US News)
Dogmatic people are very firm their convictions, which usually come from some authority. The authority is often religious, but it doesn't have to be. Anything dogmatic is by the book. If you're dogmatic, you're 100% sure of your system despite evidence to the contrary. Dogmatic can also mean close-minded. Check it out:
"That is, if they can get past the dogmatic denial of man-made climate change." (Washington Times)
"We need more such balanced analyses, and fewer dogmatic opinions, on both sides." (Nature)
"When I became a cardiologist 30 years ago, I was pretty dogmatic about the low-fat, low-cholesterol diet to prevent heart disease." (Washington Post)
Pragmatic people know what time it is. Dogmatic people tell you what time it should be.
WORD FAMILY
dogmatic: dogmatically, undogmatic+/ dogma: dogmas, dogmata, dogmatic, dogmatical, dogmatise, dogmatism, dogmatize/dogmatical: undogmatical/dogmatise: dogmatised, dogmatises, dogmatising/ dogmatism: dogmatisms, dogmatist/dogmatist: dogmatists/dogmatize: dogmatized, dogmatizes, dogmatizing/undogmatic: undogmatically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is really our first election where social media is rampant, where we’re trafficking in dogmatic points of view,” Temple says.
Time(Nov 08, 2016)
Emotions often drive reasoning, so as our hearts harden, our thinking also calcifies, and we become dogmatic.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 04, 2016)
Our survey is not scientific of course, but it does offer a glimpse into a system that remains rigid and dogmatic.
BBC(Oct 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 教条的; 固执己见的; 武断的
分布：教条的(66%)，武断的(34%)
教条的(dogma教条)[-atic表形容词"有…性质的"]
教条主义的[dogm=opinion(观点)]
US [dɑ:g'mætˌ-] disapproving
adjective
■If someone is dogmatic, they are certain that they are right and that everyone else is wrong. 固执己见的；自以为是的；教条的
adj. 教条的；武断的
 - artificial, arbitrary

Word: imam
Front: imam
[ɪˈmɑ:m] (16394/26407 -1)
Back: n. 伊玛目
分布：名词(100%)
→来自阿拉伯语amma,领导。用于伊期兰教宗教领导者的尊称。
noun countable
■a leader in the Islamic religion 伊玛目（伊斯兰教的领袖）

Word: PVC
Front: PVC
[.piː viː 'siː] (14477/16405)
Back: abbr. 聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride）；心室早期收缩（premature ventricular contraction）
分布：名词(100%)
noun uncountable abbreviation for
■polyvinyl chloride: a type of plastic which is used especially for making clothes, floor coverings and bags 聚氯乙烯
• Are those trousers leather or PVC? 那条裤子是皮的还是聚氯乙烯的？

Word: Norwegian
Front: Norwegian
[nɔː(r)'wiːdʒ(ə)n] (9813/8036)
Back: adj. 挪威的；挪威语的；挪威人的
n. 挪威语；挪威人
分布：挪威的(47%)，挪威人(35%)，挪威语(13%)，挪威语的(3%)，挪威人的(2%)
US [nɔ:r-] adjective
■from, belonging to or relating to Norway 挪威的
UK [nɔ:'wi:.dʒən] US [nɔ:r-] noun
countable
■a person from Norway 挪威人
uncountable
■the language of Norway 挪威语
adj. 挪威的；挪威人的；挪威语的
 - norse
n. 挪威人；挪威语
 - Norsk

Word: grandpa
Front: grandpa
[ˈgrænpɑ:] (中 14478/17273)
Vocabulary: grandpa
(once / 1530 pages)
n
Your grandpa is your grandfather; in other words, your grandpa is your mom or dad's dad. Grandpa is the most common name people use for their grandfather, but you might call yours "Gramps."
While you may refer to him as your grandfather, you're more likely to call him grandpa. It's an informal, childish nickname, a shortened form of grandpappa, most popular in the 1700s, which spawned grandpappy and grandpop as well. When you are referring to your mom or dad's mother, you can replace the "p" with an "m" and use the word (yes, you guessed it!) grandma.
WORD FAMILY
grandpa: grandpas
USAGE EXAMPLES
“My grandma and grandpa plan their vacations around my schedule.”
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
That bomb shelter Grandpa built in 1962 is looking like a smart investment after all.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
He also volunteered with Carol at St. Anthony of Padua Catholic School, where the students called them “Grandma” and “Grandpa.”
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. <非正>爷爷，外公，老太爷
分布：爷爷(90%)，外公(10%)
/'græm-] noun countable informal for
■ grandfather
n. 爷爷；外公
 - maternal grandfather

Word: reprint
Front: reprint
[ˌri:ˈprɪnt] (9243/14989 -1)
Vocabulary: reprint
(once / 238 pages)
vn
To reprint something is to publish it again, or issue it in a new form. When a book is a best seller, its publisher will reprint thousands, or even millions, of copies.
Sometimes books go out of print for a long time before a publisher reprints them, and in other cases they are continuously popular enough that a publishing company will reprint them constantly. You can call a newer printed edition of a book or magazine article a reprint, too. Reprint adds the "again" prefix re-, to print, from the Old French preinte, "impression."
WORD FAMILY
reprint: reprinted, reprinting, reprints+/misprint: misprinted, misprinting, misprints/overprint: overprinted, overprinting, overprints/ print: misprint, overprint, printable, printed, printer, printing, prints, reprint /printable: unprintable/ printer: printers/printing: printings/reprinting: reprintings/unprintable: unprintably
USAGE EXAMPLES
Simon & Schuster, which published those books, is reprinting another 20,000 copies of “Wishful Drinking” and 17,500 copies of “Postcards From the Edge.”
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Falsehoods and character assassinations should never be reprinted.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
The scans aren’t as high-resolution as the ones you’d get with a dedicated scanner, but they are adequate for reprints and social media posts.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 重印版，再改版; 单行本; 复印的邮票
vt. 重印
时态：reprinted, reprinting, reprints
分布：重印(52%)，再版(45%)，重印本(3%)
→re-,再，重新，print,印刷，出版。
verb intransitive or transitive /ˌriːˈprɪnt/
■to print a book again, or to be printed again 重印；再版
• The first edition sold out so we are reprinting it/it is reprinting. 第一版销售一空，所以我们正在重印／这本书正在重印。
noun countable /ˈriː.prɪnt/
■when you reprint a book, or a book that has been reprinted 重印；再版
vt. 再版； [图情] [印刷] 重印
 - republish
n. [图情] [印刷] 重印；翻版
 - reimpression

Word: hallowed
Front: hallowed
[ˈhæləʊd] (宝 16380/18473)
Vocabulary: hallowed
(once / 1803 pages)
adj
The adjective hallowed is used to describe something that is sacred and revered, usually something old and steeped in tradition.
The word hallowed often has a religious connotation, but it can also be used playfully to convey a sense of reverence about something that isn’t religious in nature but that nonetheless inspires worship. A football fan, for example, may talk about the hallowed tradition of tailgating on a game day Saturday, or an avid shopper may describe the hallowed grounds of the Macy’s shoe department. In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln used the word with its more traditional sense to ponder man's inability to show the proper reverence to those men who died in battle: "But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate…we cannot consecrate…we cannot hallow…this ground."
WORD FAMILY
hallow: hallowed, hallowing, hallows, unhallow+/unhallow: unhallowed, unhallowing
USAGE EXAMPLES
For centuries, this was the most hallowed destination of the Grand Tour.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
A reminder of a time in the city when window shopping at Garfinkel’s and the Hecht’s store were hallowed holiday customs.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
The Salish Sea is part of the economic engine of the state, the source of communal pride, our shared vernacular and a spiritual, hallowed ground.
Seattle Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: adj. 神圣的
分布：神圣的(85%)，受崇拜的(10%)，动词hallow的过去式和过去分词形式.(5%)
→来自古英语halig,神圣的，词源同holy.
US [-oʊd] adjective
■very respected and praised because of great importance or great age （因地位重要或年长而）受尊崇的，奉为神圣的
• hallowed icons such as Marilyn Monroe and James Dean 诸如玛丽莲‧梦露和詹姆斯‧迪恩等倍受尊崇的偶像
■holy 神圣的
• Can atheists be buried in hallowed ground? 无神论者能葬在圣地里吗?
adj. 神圣的，神圣化的
 - sacred, divine, blessed

Word: leveraged
Front: leveraged
[ˈli:vəridʒd] (16396/26315)
Back: v. 促使…改变( leverage的过去式和过去分词 ); [美国英语]杠杆式投机，（使）举债经营，（使）利用贷款进行投机
分布：杠杆(84%)，杠杆作用(13%)，举债经营(2%)，对…产生影响(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
（能够操控形势的）影响力，手段，优势
Leverage is the ability to influence situations or people so that you can control what happens.
例：His function as a Mayor affords him the leverage to get things done through attending committee meetings.他的市长身份使他有能力通过出席委员会会议来达成一些事情。
N-UNCOUNT
杠杆力；杠杆作用
Leverage is the force that is applied to an object when something such as a lever is used.
例：The spade and fork have longer shafts, providing better leverage.锹和耙的手柄较长，可发挥较好的杠杆作用。
VERB
举债经营；为…融资
To leverage a company or investment means to use borrowed money in order to buy it or pay for it.
例：He might feel that leveraging the company at a time when he sees tremendous growth opportunities would be a mistake.他也许觉得，在他认为大有可为的时候让公司借贷经营是一个错误。

Word: aesthetically
Front: aesthetically
[es'θetɪklɪ] (16450/18716)
Back: adv. 审美地，美学观点上地
分布：有审美能力地(50%)，美术地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
美的；艺术的；美感的；审美的
Aesthetic is used to talk about beauty or art, and people's appreciation of beautiful things.
例：...products chosen for their aesthetic appeal as well as their durability and quality.因其外形美观且经久耐用、质量上乘而被选定的产品

Word: navigator
Front: navigator
[ˈnævɪgeɪtə(r)] (16451/12669 -1)
Vocabulary: navigator
(once / 1491 pages)
n
A navigator is the person whose job it is to steer the ship. The navigator plans and charts the course and then points the boat in the right direction.
Use the noun navigator when you talk about someone who's in charge of planning a ship's route. Airplanes have navigators too, to direct the course they will take using maps and various instruments. A more old fashioned meaning of navigator is an ocean explorer. In fact, in Latin, navigator simply means "sailor," from navis, "ship," and agere, "drive."
WORD FAMILY
navigator: navigators+/ circumnavigate: circumnavigated, circumnavigates, circumnavigating, circumnavigation/circumnavigation: circumnavigations/ navigable: navigability, unnavigable/ navigate: circumnavigate, navigable, navigated, navigates, navigating, navigation, navigator / navigation: navigational, navigations/navigational: navigationally
USAGE EXAMPLES
And this year, the lab started a partnership with Bellevue College’s Autism Spectrum Navigators program, and is offering students with autism a chance to intern.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He and his brother didn’t pay much attention to the schedule their father kept as a B-52 navigator, but their mother did.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Mr Stain's crew includes a Dutchman, an Australian and a Welsh lobster fisherman, who is the navigator.
BBC(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: n. 航海家，航行者，航海者; 领航员; （船舶，飞机的）驾驶员; 一个浏览器的品牌
分布：航海家(48%)，领航员(42%)，导航仪(10%)
→来自navigate,导航。
US [-tˌɚ] noun countable
■a person in a vehicle who decides on the direction in which the vehicle travels 导航员，领航员
n. 航海家； [航] [水运] 领航员；驾驶员
 - driver, pilot

Word: half-mile

Word: barb
Front: barb
[bɑ:b] (托宝 16454/17283)
Vocabulary: barb
(once / 1426 pages)
1nv 2n
Whether it is a spike on the wire atop a security fence or a mean remark someone said about you, a barb can hurt. When you encounter either kind of barb, you should stay away.
Barb comes from the Latin word barba, which means “beard.” Beards offer protection from things like cold and wind, but as Mommy found out when she kissed Santa Claus, they can also be quite scratchy. Perhaps this is why, when it comes to talking about beards, some people speak nothing but barbs.
WORD FAMILY
barb: barbed, barbing, barbs+/ barbed: barbedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
At one time, the Rams’ season finale against the Arizona Cardinals on Sunday shaped up as something of a barbed holiday gift exchange between coaches.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Ron Gallo, June 23 at the 5 Spot: Insurgent thrift-store poet overcomes irritating schmoozing crowd with feedback and barbed words.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
Before we get too deep into the cult of Barb, though, let’s recap where she fits into the Stranger Things story.
The Guardian(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. （箭头、鱼钩等的）倒钩; 带刺的话; 毕露的锋芒; <植>钩状毛
vt. 在…装倒钩
分布：倒钩(86%)，刻薄的言语(14%)
→来自拉丁词barba, 胡子，词源同beard. 形容箭上的钩刺如硬胡茬。
【记】1）barb原指倒翘的胡子，后来胡子变为beard，而barb成为倒钩的意思，后引申为尖刻的话。2）读：爸爸。一般来说，教育孩子要分唱白脸的和唱红脸的。严厉批评（说尖刻的话）的人肯定是爸爸，在旁边不失时机的劝阻的人肯定是妈妈。唉！作男人真是惨！天生就是这个命，就像鱼钩的倒刺扎到肉里，想拔出来很困难。
US [bɑ:rb] noun countable
■the sharp part which points backwards from a fish hook (= curved piece of wire) or arrow, making it hard to remove it from something （鱼钩或箭头的）倒钩，倒刺
■a remark that is clever but cruel and hurtful 带刺的话
• I tried to ignore their barbs about my new jacket. 我努力不去理会他们针对我的新夹克所说的那些连讽带刺的话。

Word: concentric
Front: concentric
[kənˈsentrɪk] (托宝 16458/15910)
Vocabulary: concentric
(once / 5019 pages)
adj
Concentric describes something, like circles, that have a common center.
Concentric is from the Latin word concentricus, from com ("together") plus centrum ("center" or "circle"). So, concentric things have a center in common. If you play darts, you aim for the smallest red dot of those colorful concentric circles. Although it's usually used to describe circles, ideas can also be concentric if they have a common point, such as when your dreams revolve around a concentric theme of flying. The opposite word is eccentric ("not having a common center") like that oddball neighbor you have nothing in common with.
WORD FAMILY
concentric: concentrical, concentrically, concentricity, nonconcentric
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then there is the curious kind with concentric fuchsia stripes inside, revealed when the beet is cut horizontally.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“Listen, this is not Bush 41 or Bush 43 or Mitt Romney. This is a President-elect who gets information directly. He works in concentric circles.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 18, 2016)
Many have concentric bands like tree rings, which formed as the crystals grew in an ever-changing bath of liquid magma.
Science Magazine(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 同一中心的，同轴的
adv. 同一中心地，同轴地
分布：同轴的(50%)，同中心的(50%)
同中心的(con+centric中心的)[com-,con-表示"共同"]
同心的;集中的(con共同＋centric→同中心的)[centr=center,表示"中心"]
【记】con共同，centr中心－同心的
【参】eccentric（adj 古怪的）
adjective
■describes circles and rings that have the same centre （指圆）同心的
• a concentric pattern 同心圆图案
adj. [电] 同轴的；同中心的
 - co-axial, in-line

Word: fondle
Front: fondle
[ˈfɒndl] (宝 16459/20043)
Back: vt. 爱抚，抚弄
时态：fondled, fondling, fondles
分布：爱抚(42%)，抚弄(26%)，爱(24%)，溺爱(8%)
→来自fond,喜爱。
【记】fond（adj 喜爱的）
US ['fɑ:n-] verb transitive
■to touch gently and in a loving way, or to touch in a sexual way （充满柔情地）抚摸，抚弄；（两性间）爱抚
• She fondled the puppies. 她抚摸着小狗。
• He gently fondled the baby's feet. 他轻轻地抚摸着宝宝的双脚。
• She accused him of fondling her (= touching her in a sexual way) in the back of a taxi. 她指控他在计程车后排调戏她。
vt. 爱抚；抚弄
 - daut, dawt
vi. 爱抚；调戏
 - pet, canoodle

Word: functionality
Front: functionality
[ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti] (16436/13376)
Back: n. （计算机或电子系统的）功能; 功能性; 设计目的; 实用
分布：功能性(100%)
US [-ə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■any or all of the operations performed by a piece of equipment or a software program 功能
n. 功能； [数] 泛函性，函数性
 - action, fn

Word: landed
Front: landed
[ˈlændɪd] (16461/9858)
Back: adj. 拥有大量土地的
v. （使）登岸( land的过去式和过去分词 ); 降临; 使陷于（困境）; 使不得不应付
分布：拥有土地的(51%)，不动产的(33%)，动词land的过去式和过去分词.(16%)
adjective [before noun]
■describes people whose families have owned a lot of land for many generations (= family age groups) （世世代代）拥有大量土地的，拥有世袭土地的
• the landed gentry 拥有世袭土地的士绅

Word: metaphorically
Front: metaphorically
[ˌmetə'fɒrɪklɪ] (16452/18470)
Back: adv. 比喻地，隐喻地
分布：用比喻地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
隐喻的;比喻意义的;象征的
You use the word metaphorical to indicate that you are not using words with their ordinary meaning, but are describing something by means of an image or symbol.
例：It turns out Levy is talking in metaphorical terms...利维原来说的是一种比喻。
例：The ship may be heading for the metaphorical rocks unless a buyer can be found.除非可以找到买家，否则这条船也许就像朝着岩石撞过去一样下场悲惨。

Word: cam
Front: cam
[kæm] (14491/13027)
Back: n. 凸轮
分布：凸轮(99%)，计算机辅助制造=computer-aided manufacturing(1%)
→可能来自PIE *kam , 转，弯，拱，进一步来自sker, 转，弯，词源同ring,curve.

Word: rump
Front: rump
[rʌmp] (16463/11730 -1)
Back: n. 臀部，尾部; 残余部分; 牛臀肉; 余党
分布：余党(100%)
→来自古诺斯语 rumpr,臀部，屁股，来自德语 Rumpf,树干，躯干，来自 Proto-Germanic*rumpo, 树干。
noun countable
■the back end of an animal （动物的）臀部
■humorous
■a person's bottom （人的）臀部，屁股蛋子
■those few members of a group or organization who stay after the others have left or been forced out 残余分子；残余组织
n. （人的）臀部，（动物的）尾部；残余，渣滓
 - remains, leaving, tail, bottom, hip

Word: shh
Front: shh
[ʃ] (16407/11003)
Back: int. 嘘，安静一点
分布：嘘(60%)，安静一点(40%)
int. 嘘；安静一点
 - sh, hist

Word: forgery
Front: forgery
[ˈfɔ:dʒəri] (宝 16466/12282 -1)
Vocabulary: forgery
(once / 1569 pages)
n
If you painted a copy of the Mona Lisa and sold it to a museum, claiming it was the original, your painting could be called a forgery, and the crime you've committed is also forgery.
Forgery is a legal word describing a white-collar crime that could involve faking a famous painting, making a false passport that claims you're the King of Swaziland, or copying your boss's signature onto a document. Both the crime of forgery and the sense of forge that means "to make" or "to sculpt" come from the Latin root word fabricare, or "fabricate."
WORD FAMILY
forgery: forgeries+/ forge: forged, forger, forgery, forges, forging, reforge/forger: forgers/forging: forgings/reforge: reforged, reforges, reforging
USAGE EXAMPLES
Hall was charged in 2013 with 10 felony forgery counts.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Two pleaded guilty to forgery and failing to report suspicious transactions.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
Next year Mr Yeo faces a fresh trial with a further seven charges including money laundering and forgery next year.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 伪造; 伪造罪; 伪造物; 伪造签字
分布：伪造(81%)，伪造罪(16%)，伪造物(3%)
→来自forge, 伪造。
US ['fɔ:r.dʒɚ.i] noun countable or uncountable
■an illegal copy of a document, painting, etc. or the crime of making such illegal copies 伪造品，赝品；伪造（罪）
• These banknotes are forgeries. 这些钞票是伪造的。
• He increased his income by forgery. 他透过制售伪造品来增加收入。
n. 伪造；伪造罪；伪造物
 - fabrication, falsification

Word: lymphoma
Front: lymphoma
[lɪmˈfəʊmə] (16343/13551)
Back: n. 淋巴瘤
分布：淋巴瘤(100%)

Word: raider
Front: raider
[ˈreɪdə(r)] (14496/9174)
Back: n. 袭击者，侵入者; 扰乱者; 进行袭击、抢劫或搜查的人，进行突袭的舰队、飞机等
分布：袭击者(50%)，侵入者(20%)，抢劫者(17%)，袭击用的飞机或舰艇(13%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■someone who enters a place illegally and usually violently, and steals from it 抢劫者；洗劫者；劫掠者
• Armed raiders forced their way into the couple's home. 武装袭击者强行闯进那对夫妻的家。
n. 袭击者；侵入者
 - charger, intruder

Word: amphibian
Front: amphibian
[æmˈfɪbiən] (雅宝 16433/17256)
Vocabulary: amphibian
(once / 8118 pages)
1nadj 2n
An amphibian is a cold-blooded vertebrate animal that is born in water and breathes with gills. As the larva grows into its adult form, the animal's lungs develop the ability to breathe air, and the animal can live on land. Frogs, toads, and salamanders are all amphibians.
The word amphibian comes from the Greek word amphibios, which means to live a double life. The noun amphibian has its roots in the words amphi, meaning of both kinds, and bios, meaning life. The word is used for the class of animals that spend part of their lives in water and part on land. The word can also be used as an adjective to describe the animals that lives this way. You might be interested to know that the largest amphibian weighs about 140 pounds and the smallest weighs only a few grams.
WORD FAMILY
amphibian: amphibians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some fish and amphibians lose teeth as they grow, as do platypuses.
BBC(Dec 22, 2016)
The serpentine baby boom is a rarity for the zoo, said Ian Recchio, the facility’s curator of reptiles and amphibians.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The tiny amphibian species faces threats from developmental forces, like logging and agricultural expansion.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 两栖动物; 水陆两用车; 水旱两生植物; 水陆两用飞行器
adj. 两栖（类）的; 水陆两用的; 具有双重性格的
分布：两栖动物(66%)，水陆两用飞机(16%)，两栖类的(10%)，水陆两用车(4%)，水陆两用的(4%)
→前缀amphi-, 同ambi-, 两，二。 -bi, 同词根bio, 生命。
两栖动物(amphi+bi生命+an→两个生命→两栖动物)[amphi-表示"两个,两种"]
两栖动物(的)(amphi二个+bl生命+an)[-an表名词和形容词"…地方,...人]
noun countable
■an animal, such as a frog , which lives both on land and in water but must produce its eggs in water 两栖动物
n. [脊椎] 两栖动物； [车辆] 水陆两用飞机；具有双重性格的人
 - Batrachia, amphibious plane

Word: glider
Front: glider
[ˈglaɪdə(r)] (六托 16453/8343 -1)
Back: n. 滑翔机; 滑行者; 滑翔导弹; 摆动式沙发椅
分布：滑翔机(91%)，滑翔导弹(7%)，助滑器(2%)
US [-dɚ] noun countable
■an aircraft without an engine and with long fixed wings, which flies by gliding 滑翔机
n. [航] 滑翔机；滑翔员；滑翔导弹
 - sailplane, soarer

Word: thong
Front: thong
[θɒŋ] (16448/24883)
Back: n. 皮带; 皮条; 皮鞭; 鞭梢
vt. 给…装上皮带; 鞭打
分布：皮带(40%)，丁字裤(35%)，皮条(25%)
→来自中古英语 thong, 来自古英语 thwong,皮条， 皮鞭， 来自 Proto-Germanic*thwang, 来自 twengh,压紧，束缚，可能进一步来自 dwo,二，双，词源同 two,twist,twinge.词义由 二引申为扭曲，扭紧，束缚等。字母 w 脱落，比较同源词 how,who,when.
US [θɑ:ŋ] noun countable
NARROW PIECE 窄长物件
■a narrow piece of especially leather used to fasten something or as part of a whip 皮带；条带；（皮）鞭
UK [θɒŋ] US [θɑ:ŋ] noun countable
UNDERWEAR 内衣
■a piece of underwear or the bottom part of a bikini with a very narrow part at the back which does not cover the bottom （背后为窄条的）露臀内衣；（比基尼泳衣的）臀部部分
UK [θɒŋ] US [θɑ:ŋ] noun countable
SHOE 鞋 US for flip-flop
n. 皮带；皮鞭；人字拖鞋
 - strape, leash
vt. 鞭打；给…装上皮带
 - hide, scourge

Word: swipe
Front: swipe
[swaɪp] (宝 13529/20295 -1)
Back: n. 重击; 尖锐的评论; 柄，握杆
vt. 重击; 刷（磁卡）; 偷窃
vi. 猛打
时态：swiped, swiping, swipes
分布：猛打(53%)，重击(47%)
→可能来自 sweep 拼写变体，引申词义重击，猛打，以及刷磁卡，刷信用卡等。
【记】s死，wipe（v 擦）：想要把你用布擦死，需要大幅度的猛擦－猛击
verb
HIT 击打
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to hit or try to hit something, especially with a sideways movement 击打，尤指抡起（物体）猛打
• She opened the window and swiped at the flies with a rolled-up newspaper to make them go out. 她打开窗户，挥舞着卷起的报纸猛打一通，想把苍蝇赶出去。
• She swiped him round the head. 她挥手打他的头。
• mainly US The car swiped the garage door as he pulled out. 他把车开出去时，撞上了车库的大门。
⇒ See also sideswipe
[swaɪp] verb
STEAL 偷
transitive informal
■to steal 偷窃，盗窃
• Okay, who's swiped my keys? 好吧！是谁偷了我的锁匙？
[swaɪp] verb
MOVE 移动
transitive
■to move a card containing information stored on a magnetic strip through a device that reads this information 刷（卡）
[swaɪp] noun
CRITICISM 批评
countable usually singular
■a criticism of someone or something, or an attempt to damage or annoy them 批评，打击
• In a recent interview, she takes a swipe at the theatre management. 在最近的一次采访中，她批评了剧院的管理。
[swaɪp] noun
HIT 击打
countable
■an act of hitting or trying to hit someone or something 挥击；抡打
• Edwin took a swipe at the ball and missed. 埃德温挥臂击球，却挥棒落空。
vt. 猛击；偷窃；刷…卡
 - steal, jab at
n. 猛击；尖刻的话
 - crasher, devel
vi. 猛打；大口喝酒
 - hit out, pound on

Word: ethicist
Front: ethicist
['eθɪsɪst] (16470/-)
Back: n. 伦理学家
分布：伦理学家(100%)

Word: outflow
Front: outflow
[ˈaʊtfləʊ] (16465/12931 -1)
Back: n. 流出; 流出物; 流出量
vi. 流出
分布：流出(93%)，流出量(7%)
流出(out+flow流→流出)[out-①表示"超过,过度"②表示"出去,过时"]
US [-floʊ] noun countable
■a movement away from a place 外流；流出
• I'm trying to measure the outflow of water/sewage from that pipe. 我正在设法测量从那个管道中排出的水流量／污水量。
• The central bank has announced controls on capital outflows. 中央银行宣布对资本外流量的管控措施。
n. 流出；流出量；流出物
 - issue, flux
vi. 流出
 - issue, discharge, shed, flow out, flux

Word: coca
Front: coca
[ˈkəʊkə] (16379/22636)
Back: n. 古柯（南美洲及西印度群岛所产的一种药用植物），古柯叶
分布：古柯叶(100%)
→来自南美土著语，为当地一种重要的经济作物，其叶子含有cocaine, 为Coca-Cola重要配料。
n. [植] 古柯，古柯叶
 - eucalyptus leaves

Word: wearer
Front: wearer
[ˈweərə(r)] (16475/19005)
Back: n. 穿用者，佩带者
分布：穿用者(100%)
US ['wer.ɚ] noun countable
■the person wearing something 穿戴者；佩戴人
• In medieval times the sapphire was believed to offer protection to its wearer. 中世纪时期，蓝宝石被认为可以保护它的佩戴者。
• Clothes, of course, say a lot about the wearer. 衣服当然能反映出其穿戴者的许多方面。

Word: silo
Front: silo
[ˈsaɪləʊ] (16471/23215)
Vocabulary: silo
(once / 8736 pages)
n
A silo is a cylindrical tower used for bulk storage, like grain silos that stand tall near farms. Another kind of silo is harder to see — military silos are underground.
Farming and war are pretty different, but they both involve silos. You may have seen a silo if you've ever visited a farm. A silo is a tall tower with a cylindrical (rounded) shape. The silo holds anything the farmer needs to store in bulk, especially feed for the animals. Other, non-farm silos hold material such as cement or coal. The military type of silo holds something more dangerous: missiles. These silos store the missiles underground until they’re fired.
WORD FAMILY
silo: silos
USAGE EXAMPLES
“I just didn’t fit into any of their normal silos,” he said.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
As a precaution, Air Force security officers were dispatched to all the silos in the early-morning hours.
The New Yorker(Dec 23, 2016)
On the outskirts of the capital, Asunción, a mountain of soyabean flour in a massive silo awaits loading.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 筒仓; （核武器的）发射井; （危险物品的）地下贮藏库; 青贮窖
分布：筒仓(86%)，青贮窖(14%)
→来自西班牙语 silo,地窖，来自拉丁语 sirus,地窖，来自希腊语 siros,地窖，谷物存放窖。后用 于指存放草料的窖，核武器发射井等。
US [-loʊ] (plural silos)
noun countable
■a large round tower on a farm for storing grain or winter food for cattle 塔状谷仓（贮存动物饲料的圆柱塔）
■a large underground place for storing and firing missiles 地下飞弹发射室

Word: picky
Front: picky
[ˈpɪki] (16478/35335)
Vocabulary: picky
(once / 34259 pages)
adj
If you're extremely particular or fussy, you're picky. A picky eater might only eat chicken nuggets and tater tots.
When you invite your picky friend to dinner, you'll probably have a hard time deciding what to serve, since she hates all vegetables; and if you're picky about sleeping in a comfortable, clean place, you might not be a fan of camping. Picky people are hard to please — they like things to be a certain way. This informal word first appeared in the 1860s.
WORD FAMILY
picky: pickier, pickiest, pickyer
USAGE EXAMPLES
What’s more, our ancestors were by no means picky eaters.
Time(Dec 28, 2016)
Schedules compress, priorities change and people often become pickier in what they want in their friends.
New York Times(Jul 13, 2012)
Ms. Toll says she isn’t picky about the appearance of the wrapping, so long as it is festive.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 吹毛求疵的，好挑剔的，过分讲究的
分布：挑剔的(64%)，吹毛求疵的(36%)
→比喻用法。
adjective informal disapproving
■describes someone who is very careful about choosing only what they like 挑剔的
• The children are such picky eaters. 那些孩子非常挑食。
• Big companies can afford to be picky about who they hire. 大公司堪得起在雇人时挑三拣四。
adj. 挑剔的；吹毛求疵的
 - particular, captious

Word: sober
Front: sober
[ˈsəʊbə(r)] (研四六托雅宝 7423/7671 -2)
Vocabulary: sober
(once / 251 pages)
adjv
This adjective means the opposite of playful or drunk. When attending a funeral, you are expected to be sober in both senses.
The most common meaning of sober is "not drunk" — people who drive need to be sober. Sober sounds a lot like somber, and it often means sad and quiet too, or sometimes too serious. Another meaning is to be logical or realistic about something. Sometimes sober means drab: a grey station wagon is a more sober vehicle than a hot red convertible. All of these meanings are quiet and restrained — unlike a person who has had a lot to drink.
WORD FAMILY
sober: sobered, soberer, soberest, sobering, soberingly, soberly, soberness, sobers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eventually, he sobered up and decided to grow up but no matter how many jobs he applied for, no one wanted to hire him.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Despite its subject matter, or perhaps because of it, “Wonderland” is a sober, sturdy book.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Her voice is bruised and broken, angry and strong, raspy as whiskey and sober and clear.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 头脑清醒的，冷静的; 未醉的，没喝醉的; 有节制的; 朴素的，素净的
vt. & vi. （使）冷静，（使）清醒; 使严肃
时态：sobered, sobering, sobers
分布：清醒(69%)，清醒的(24%)，使清醒(2%)，冷静下来(2%)，稳重的(2%)，使沉着(1%)
a.清醒的,冷静的;认真的,适度的We had to sober him up before taking him home.带他回家以前我们必须使他清醒.
【记】读：骚吧－风骚的女人不会有节制和严肃的举止。
【反】puckish（adj 淘气的；恶作剧的）；frivolous（adj 轻佻的）；
US ['soʊ.bɚ] adjective
NOT DRUNK 未醉的
 ADVANCED
■not drunk or affected by alcohol 未醉的，清醒的
• Are you sober enough to drive, Jim? 吉姆，你够不够清醒，可以开车吗？
• I'd had no wine all evening so I was stone cold (= completely) sober. 我一晚上没有喝酒，所以我非常清醒。
UK ['səʊ.bər] US ['soʊ.bɚ] adjective
SERIOUS 严肃的
■serious and calm 严肃的；冷静的
• In fact the whole wedding was a sober affair - no dancing, just people standing around in groups chatting politely. 事实上，整场婚礼气氛很严肃——没有人跳舞，人们只是聚在一起礼貌地交谈。
• Anthony was in a very sober mood - I scarcely heard him laugh all night. 安东尼表现得十分严肃——我整个晚上很少听他笑过。
UK ['səʊ.bər] US ['soʊ.bɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
■to become more calm and serious, or to make someone do this （使）变得冷静；（使）变得严肃
• News of the tragedy sobered us. 关于那场悲剧的消息让我们冷静了下来。
UK ['səʊ.bər] US ['soʊ.bɚ] verb intransitive or transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  sober (sb) up
■to become less drunk, or to make someone become less drunk （使某人）醒酒；（使某人）清醒
• I went for a walk to try to sober up. 我出去走一走，好让自己清醒起来。
• Have a black coffee - that should sober you up! 来杯黑咖啡——那会让你清醒的！
solemn, sober, earnest, grave, severe, serious
这组词都有“严肃的”的意思，其区别是：
solemn: 指人表情或场景气氛严肃，侧重威严名印象深刻。
sober: 侧重因控制或抑制自己的感情而表现出的庄重。
earnest: 指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。
grave: 侧重严肃和尊严，需要认真思考，含令人担忧意味。
severe: 指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。
serious: 指具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。
adj. 冷静的，清醒的；未醉的
 - cool, philosophical
vt. 使严肃；使醒酒，使清醒
 - disenchant

Word: firefly
Front: firefly
[ˈfaɪəflaɪ] (宝 16424/23570)
Back: n. 萤火虫
分布：萤火虫(100%)
【记】fire，fly（蝇）－火蝇－萤火虫
US ['faɪr-] noun countable
■an insect which is active during the night and whose tail shines on and off in the dark 萤火虫
n. [昆] 萤火虫
 - glow-worm

Word: scowl
Front: scowl
[skaʊl] (宝 11097/13071 -1)
Vocabulary: scowl
(once / 782 pages)
vn
When you scowl you make an angry face. The angry face you make is also called a scowl. Lighten up.
Scowl is an expressive word: it shares "ow" with frown, and if you say it like you mean it you might end up scowling yourself. Being scowled at is more unsettling than being frowned at. A scowl is like an angry frown you would give someone if you disapproved of them. A frown expresses sadness, but a scowl expresses disdain.
WORD FAMILY
scowl: scowled, scowling, scowls+/scowling: scowlingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brohi leaves his young wife alone but hangs outside the door, scowling at her.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“If you’re scowling, conjure up a smile. If you tense up, try to relax.”
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
He doesn’t scowl if quarterback Kirk Cousins misses a throw.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vi. 皱眉; 怒视
vt. 皱眉表示; 对…沉下脸
n. 愁容; 怒容
时态：scowled, scowling, scowls
分布：皱眉(60%)，愁容(40%)
【记】s死，cow母牛，l：母牛被l弄死了－皱眉头
verb intransitive
■to look at someone or something with a very annoyed expression 阴沉着脸看，怒目而视
• The boy scowled at her and reluctantly followed her back into school. 男孩对她阴沉着脸，很不情愿地跟着她回了学校。
n. 愁容；怒容；阴沉沉的样子
 - sad face
vi. 皱眉；怒视
 - glare at, frown upon

Word: saffron
Front: saffron
[ˈsæfrən] (16430/21521 -1)
Vocabulary: saffron
(once / 3127 pages)
n
Saffron is a deep yellow-orange colored spice that's commonly used in Middle Eastern and South Asian food. Because it's quite expensive, saffron is usually sold in small quantities.
Saffron looks like short, feathery threads — it's made from dried crocus stigmas, the thin stems at the center of the flower. A pinch of saffron, sometimes soaked in water, gives food a subtle sweet, grassy flavor and often a hint of orange or yellow color. This color itself is also called saffron. The word saffron comes from the Old French safran, by way of the Medieval Latin safranum, ultimately from the Arabic root az-za'faran.
WORD FAMILY
saffron: saffrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
I created many of the recipes on the menu, and they are heavy on yogurt, chilies and saffron.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Rake saffron and powdered pepper and throw them on the honey.
Time(Dec 22, 2016)
The room is dim, with saffron walls and burgundy banquettes; masks of Hindu deities keep vigil.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Back: n. [植]藏红花（色的），番红花（色的）; （用于食品上色和调味的）干藏红花粉; 金黄色，橘黄色
adj. 藏红花色的; 橘黄色的
分布：藏红花(92%)，橘黄色(8%)
→来自古法语 safran,藏红花，来自阿拉伯语 za'faran,藏红花，词源不详。
noun uncountable
SPICE 香料
■a dark yellow substance obtained from a flower and used as a spice to give colour and flavour to food 番红花粉（用于给食物增色提味）
• saffron rice 番红花米饭
['sæf.rən] noun uncountable
COLOUR 颜色
■dark yellow 番红花色（的），暗黄色（的）
['sæf.rən] adjective
■dark yellow
n. [植] [中医] 藏红花；橙黄色
 - gamboge
adj. [植] [中医] 藏红花色的，橘黄色的
 - aurantia

Word: worksheet
Front: worksheet
[ˈwɜ:kʃi:t] (16438/17556)
Back: n. 工作表，学习单
分布：工作记录表(100%)
US ['wɝ:k-] noun countable
■a piece of paper with questions and exercises for students （学生做的）活页练习题

Word: slugger
Front: slugger
['slʌɡə(r)] (16442/-)
Back: n. 打击力强的选手
分布：强击手(75%)，重击者(25%)
→slug,猛击，-er,人。
N-COUNT
(棒球比赛中的)强击手
In baseball, a slugger is a player who hits the ball very hard.
n. 打击力强的选手；重击者
 - thumper

Word: matron
Front: matron
[ˈmeɪtrən] (16474/10328 -1)
Vocabulary: matron
(once / 810 pages)
n
A matron is a dignified, serious-minded married woman. The warden in a women's prison is also called a matron, which may lead you to conclude that the term is often not a glowing compliment.
In a wedding, you can have a maid of honor (the bride’s unmarried attendant) or a matron of honor (one who’s married). Matron includes the Latin root mater, "mother" — as in “maternal,” “maternity,” and “matrimony.” You may imagine matrons as gray-haired and stern, like Nurse Ratched in One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, and to avoid negative stereotypes, the title matron, for the woman who runs a nursing home or boarding school, is often replaced with the gender-neutral “director.”
WORD FAMILY
matron: matronly, matrons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Respectable matrons were lured with such “dignity acts” as opera singers from Europe.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
There are the well-behaved young matrons seated next to their garrulous husbands.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
His wife at the time, the former Joan Roberts, was matron of honor.
New York Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. （受人尊敬的）已婚老妇人; 夫人; 女看守; 女警卫
分布：护士长(41%)，女总管(23%)，主妇(19%)，保姆(17%)
→matri-,母亲，-on,大词后缀。即像母亲一样的女人或年长的女性，引申词义女舍监，女护士长等。
(mart母,-on表示人)主妇,老妇[母matr(i);mater;metro]
主妇;保姆(matr+on→母亲,主妇)[matern,matr=mother,表示"母性,母亲"]
noun countable
SCHOOL 学校 UK old-fashioned
■a female nurse in a school （学校的）女舍监
['meɪ.trən] noun countable
HOSPITAL 医院 UK old-fashioned for
■ senior nursing officer
['meɪ.trən] noun countable
PRISON 监狱 US a woman who is in charge of female prisoners （监狱的）女看守
['meɪ.trən] noun countable
MARRIED WOMAN 已婚妇女 US a married woman, especially one who is old or a widow (= a woman whose husband has died) 上年纪的已婚妇女；孀妇
n. 主妇；保姆；妇女；女舍监
 - woman, homemaker

Word: matte
Front: matte
[mæt] (16469/30423)
Vocabulary: matte
(once / 12173 pages)
1adjnv 2n
Matte things aren't shiny, but instead have a somewhat dull or flat surface. When you print out a photo, you can usually choose between a glossy or matte finish.
The matte surface of your new refrigerator doesn't reflect your image the way your old shiny stainless steel one did, and your grandmother's excessive use of face powder gives her skin a matte look. Wall paint can be purchased in different finishes, ranging from matte (or flat) to glossy. The French root is mat, "dead, dull surface," from the Old French meaning, "dull or dejected," which may stem from the Latin mattus, "maudlin with drink."
WORD FAMILY
matte: mattes, mattingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Gouthière exploited the enlivening contrasts of matte and reflective finishes throughout his work.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The lower town along the riverbank, the ancient “Matte” quarter, was once home to craftsmen.
Washington Times(Dec 12, 2016)
Lovely, but wrong: They were supposed to be matte leather with no disk.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 不光滑的
n. [冶]冰铜
分布：冰铜(69%)，表面无光泽的(10%)，粗糙的(7%)，=matt.(7%)，=mat.(7%)
adj. 无光泽的；不光滑的
 - lustreless, unpolished

Word: carelessly
Front: carelessly
['keələslɪ] (托 16467/15302 -K)
Back: adv. 无忧无虑地; 粗心大意地; 草率地; 淡漠地
分布：疏忽地(50%)，粗心大意地(50%)
ADV-GRADED
粗心地;不用心地
If someone does something carelessly, they do it without much thought or effort.
例：He carelessly left the garage door unlocked...他太粗心大意,竟然没锁车库的门。
例：'Oh,' he said carelessly. 'I'm in no hurry to get back.'“噢,”他漫不经心地说道,“我不急着回去。”
adv. 粗心地；不注意地；无忧无虑地
 - sloppily, inadvertently

Word: accredit
Front: accredit
[əˈkredɪt] (托 16480/21319 -1)
Back: vt. 归因于; 委托，授权; 相信，认可; 鉴定合格，确认达标
时态：accredited, accrediting, accredits
分布：授权(35%)，认为(29%)，委派(20%)，鉴定合格(8%)，归于(8%)
→前缀ac-同ad-. 词根cred,信任,来自于cor,心，-d同词根don, 给予，见donate.
委任;信任(ac给予+credit→给予相信→委任)[creed,cred=believe,trust,表示"相信,信任"]
verb transitive
■to officially recognize, accept or approve of someone or something 鉴定…为合格；认可；认为…属实；授权
• The agency was not accredited by the Philippine Consulate to offer contracts to Filipinos abroad. 该代理机构没有得到菲律宾领事馆的批准，无权向国外的菲律宾人提供承包合约。
vt. 授权；信任；委派；归因于
 - credit, empower

Word: Zulu
Front: Zulu
None (16494/25940)
Back: n. 祖鲁族人[语]
adj. 祖鲁族人[语]的,(无线电联络时用的)字母Z的代称
→南非种族名。
noun
countable
■a member of a race of people who live in South Africa （南非）祖鲁人
uncountable
■the language spoken by the Zulu people 祖鲁语
• He speaks Zulu. 他讲祖鲁语。

Word: categorically
Front: categorically
[ˌkætə'ɡɒrɪklɪ] (16485/14170)
Back: adv. 明确地，直截了当地; 概; 断然
分布：明确地(80%)，断然地(20%)
ADJ-GRADED
确定无疑的;肯定的;坚定的
If you are categorical about something, you state your views very definitely and firmly.
例：...his categorical denial of the charges of sexual harassment...他对性骚扰指控的断然否认
例：He is quite categorical that the UN should only help the innocent civilian population.他非常坚定地认为，联合国应该只援助无辜的平民。
adv. 绝对地；直截了当地
 - absolutely, utterly

Word: rout
Front: rout
[raʊt] (宝 11849/13728 -1)
Vocabulary: rout
(once / 1095 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
When you think about the thrill of victory and the agony of defeat, associate a rout with the agonizing defeat. A rout is the kind of humiliating loss that makes you wish you would have been injured in the first quarter so you could have avoided the outcome.
One way to remember the meaning of the word rout is to consider its similarity to the word riot, both suggesting a disastrous mess. One interesting thing about the word rout is that whether it's used as a noun or as a verb, it's spelled the same and implies a similar meaning. "The losing team suffers during a rout while the winning team actually routs them!" Whichever form you use, you're referring to a pretty devastating defeat.
WORD FAMILY
rout: router, routs+/router: routers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That launched a streak in which Baltimore won six of eight, including a 38-6 rout of Miami .
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
No. 17 Xavier won twice this week, including a dominant 82-56 rout over Providence on Wednesday.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Coach Jeff Fisher was fired after a Week 14 rout by the Atlanta Falcons and they are in the midst of a six-game losing streak.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: vt. 打垮; 赶跑; 挖掘出; （体育）打败对方
vi. 搜寻; 用鼻子拱土
n. 溃败; 暴动; 混乱的群众; 盛大的晚会
时态：routed, routing, routs
分布：大败(44%)，凑热闹的人(23%)，使 ... 溃败(11%)，彻底溃败(11%)，使 ... 败逃(11%)
→来自中古法语 route,溃败的军队，来自拉丁语 rupta,分开的，断开的，来自 rumpere,分开，断 开，词源同 rip,rob,rupture.
【记】rout后沿着route routr＝run，out：跑出战场－溃退。
verb transitive formal
■to defeat an enemy completely and force them to run away 击溃，使彻底溃败，彻底击败
• figurative The Russian chess team have routed all the rest. 俄罗斯国际象棋队把其他参赛队都打了个落花流水。
[raʊt] verb transitive formal
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] rout sb out US
■to make someone come out of the place where they are 赶走（某人），将（某人）撵走，驱赶（某人）
• His wife had to rout him out of the crowd. 他的妻子不得不把他硬拖出人群。
[raʊt] noun countable
■defeat 溃败，彻底失败
• The battle/election was a complete and utter rout. 那次战役／选举一败涂地。
vt. 击溃
 - wallop
vi. 搜寻
 - search, hunt for
n. 溃败；暴动
 - insurrection, sedition

Word: intercollegiate
Front: intercollegiate
[ˌɪntəkəˈli:dʒiət] (16366/-)
Vocabulary: intercollegiate
(once / 14756 pages)
adj
Something that's intercollegiate occurs between different colleges. At an intercollegiate debate competition, there are teams from many schools competing against each other.
You'll almost always find the adjective intercollegiate describing sports, or occasionally scholarly rivalries, between colleges or universities. An intercollegiate baseball association is made up of teams from many different colleges, and an intercollegiate lacrosse tournament also includes a variety of schools. Intercollegiate is made up of inter-, "among or between," and collegiate, from Medieval Latin collegiatus, "pertaining to a college."
WORD FAMILY
collegiate: collegiately, intercollegiate
USAGE EXAMPLES
The school named Barnes vice president and director of intercollegiate athletics Thursday.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The Maroon Tigers, members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, made just one of eight 3-point attempts before intermission.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
The Huskies return to competition Jan. 23-24 at the Arizona Intercollegiate in Tucson.
Seattle Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: adj. <主美>学院间的; 院际的; 大学之间的; 校际的
分布：大学间的(51%)，大学间对抗的(33%)，大学间联合的(16%)
ADJ
学院之间的;院际的;大学之间的;校际的
Intercollegiate means involving or related to more than one college or university.
例：...the first intercollegiate gymnastics team championship.首届校际团体体操锦标赛

Word: dupe
Front: dupe
[dju:p] (宝 16408/18860 -1)
Vocabulary: dupe
(once / 1382 pages)
vn
A dupe is a furry, ceremonial hat occasionally worn during ancient pagan rituals... or not. Dupe actually means “trick or deceive.” We’re sorry we tried to dupe you into believing the wrong definition.
Dupe can also refer to the victim of a trick or hoax, and — used in this sense — it sometimes conveys the idea that the victim is easily fooled. Dupe comes from the French word for a type of bird called the hoopoe, which has an extravagant crest and a reputation for being dim-witted. (And no, that's not another attempt to dupe you; it's the truth!)
WORD FAMILY
dupe: duped, dupery, dupes, duping+/dupery: duperies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Perhaps Trump is just a dupe and he’ll realize over time that Putin is no friend.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Once the people realised they’d been duped, they attacked “with the fury of wasps”.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
The Trump conspiracy theory playbook plays us for dupes, and we’re playing right along.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: vt. 欺骗; 愚弄
n. 易受骗的人，上当者
时态：duped, duping, dupes
分布：欺骗(44%)，愚弄(29%)，受骗的人(18%)，上当者(9%)
→来自法语方言，戴胜鸟，拟声词，模仿该鸟的叫声，引申词义傻鸟。比较dodo.
【记】du肚，pe破：容易上当的人经常闹笑话，笑得du子都pe了。
US [du:p] verb transitive
■to deceive someone, usually by making them do something they did not intend to do 诱骗，欺骗
• The girls were duped by drug smugglers into carrying heroin for them. 这些女孩受毒品走私贩欺骗为他们运送海洛因。
UK [dju:p] US [du:p] noun countable
■someone who has been tricked 上当者，被欺骗的人
• an innocent dupe 无辜的受骗者
n. 上当者；易受骗的人
 - greenhorn
vt. 欺骗；愚弄（等于duplicate）
 - sell, fox, kid

Word: beret
Front: beret
[ˈbereɪ] (16483/14963 -1)
Back: n. 贝雷帽; [军]〈英〉军帽
分布：贝雷帽(100%)
→来自拉丁词birrus, 斗篷，帽子。可能来自fire, 火，火红，指火红的布织成的斗篷。
US [bə'reɪ] noun countable
■a round flat hat made of soft material 贝雷帽

Word: orally
Front: orally
['ɔ:rəlɪ] (16482/15607)
Back: adv. 口头地，口述地; 口服地
分布：口述地(50%)，口头地(50%)
ADJ
口头的；口述的
Oral communication is spoken rather than written.
例：...the written and oral traditions of ancient cultures.通过文字记载和口头传诵留存下来的古代文化传统
例：...an oral agreement.口头协定
N-COUNT
（尤指外语)口试
An oral is an examination, especially in a foreign language, that is spoken rather than written.
例：I spoke privately to the candidate after the oral.口试后，我私下里与那位考生谈了谈。
ADJ
用口的；口的；口腔的
You use oral to indicate that something is done with a person's mouth or relates to a person's mouth.
例：...good oral hygiene.良好的口腔卫生
ADJ
（药物）口服的
Oral medicines are taken by mouth.
例：...oral contraceptives.口服避孕药

Word: well-documented
Front: well-documented
[ˌwel ˈdɒkjʊˌmentɪd] None
Back: adj. 证据充分的
分布：存档完好的(100%)
US [-'dɑ:.kjʊ.men.ɪd] adjective
■having been often recorded 有大量档记载的；书面证据充分的
• The medicinal values of garlic are well-documented. 有大量文献记载了大蒜的药用价值。

Word: abreast
Front: abreast
[əˈbrest] (宝 16406/14056 -1)
Vocabulary: abreast
(once / 1280 pages)
1adv 2adj
There's nothing worse than being stuck on a narrow path between two people walking abreast of one another. If they only knew you were there, they'd walk single file so you could pass them. Abreast means side by side.
Abreast can also mean alongside. In a race, you watch the front runners, but it's also important to pay attention to who is coming up the side and abreast of the leader. They are the most likely to find it within themselves to sprint forward for the win.
WORD FAMILY
abreast
USAGE EXAMPLES
She keeps humans abreast of weather, news, music, and trivia, and adjusts the settings of their smart houses.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
If not, she’s already asked Whelan to keep her abreast of all court dates.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Ricco coordinates the medical and training staff, and keeps the owners and Manager Terry Collins abreast of players’ health.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: adv. 并列，并肩地; 并排; 不落后于
adj. 并排的; 并肩的
分布：并肩地(84%)，跟上(16%)
→来自短语on breast.
【记】a一对，breast乳房―并排地
adverb
■describes two or more people who are next to each other and moving in the same direction 并排；并肩
• We were running/cycling two abreast. 我们俩并肩跑步／骑车。
• The motorcyclist came abreast of her car and shouted abuse at her. 那个骑摩托车的人跟上来，在她车旁并排行着，对她破口大骂。
keep abreast of sth
■to make sure you know all the most recent facts about a subject or situation 了解…的最新情况；跟上…的最新进展
• I try to keep abreast of any developments. 我试着了解新的进展情况。
adj. 并排的；肩并肩的
 - jugate, neck-and-neck

Word: electrify
Front: electrify
[ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ] (16405/19986 -1)
Vocabulary: electrify
(once / 1748 pages)
1v 2v
Electrify means to make something electric — either literally or figuratively. You can electrify a house by wiring it so the occupants will have lights, or you can electrify a boring party by getting everyone laughing.
A captivating person might electrify every room she enters. Maybe it’s her laugh, maybe it’s the way she talks with her hands, maybe it’s the zany scarves she wears. Something about her gets everyone going. In a related sense, electrify can also describe what the electrician does to a house — she wires it so that the lights, computers, and television can all be plugged in and operate properly.
WORD FAMILY
electrify: electrification, electrified, electrifies, electrifying +/ electrifying: electrifyingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ethiopia’s new electrified train, the first such train in sub-Saharan Africa, travels about 465 miles from the capital, Addis Ababa, to Djibouti.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
He electrified the 2004 Democratic National Convention with a speech seeking common cause over party differences.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
An electrician working in the 9200 block of Corporate Boulevard on Wednesday was knocked unconscious after accidentally touching an electrified line.
Washington Post(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使电气化; 使兴奋，使激动; 使触电; 使充电，使通电
时态：electrified, electrifying, electrifies
分布：使激动(38%)，使触电(29%)，使震惊(22%)，通电(11%)
verb transitive
POWER 能源
■to make a machine or system operate using electricity when it did not before 使电气化
• The east coast railway line has been electrified. 东海岸铁路线已经实现了电气化。
[ɪ'lek.trɪ.faɪ] verb transitive
MAKE EXCITED 使兴奋
■to make a person or group extremely excited by what you say or do 使激动；使兴奋
• She electrified her audience with her vivid stories. 她讲故事绘声绘影，听众们觉得很刺激。
vt. 使电气化；使充电；使触电；使激动
 - charge, heat

Word: storied
Front: storied
[ˈstɔ:rid] (16488/-)
Back: adj. 以历史画装饰的，历史上有名的，分层的; 叠生
分布：以历史画装饰的(50%)，传说上有名的(50%)
→story,故事，-ed,形容词后缀。即有故事的，引申词义广为流传的。
US ['stɔ:r.id] mainly US
adjective [before noun]
■often spoken of or written about; famous 经常提及的；有名的
• Theirs was the most storied romance in Hollywood. 他们的恋情是好莱坞流传最广的一段佳话。

Word: emissary
Front: emissary
[ˈemɪsəri] (宝 16487/19424)
Vocabulary: emissary
(once / 1708 pages)
n
When presidents can’t attend state funerals, they send an emissary to pay their respects. An emissary performs a specific job on someone else’s behalf.
Emissary is a word you hear often around governments, but anyone can be one or have one. Say, if you’re feeling too lazy to get off the couch you could appoint your little sister to be your emissary in fetching ice cream from the kitchen.
WORD FAMILY
emissary: emissaries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Ms. Trump served as a more polished emissary of her father’s messages during the campaign, and she is under pressure to bring jobs home.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Maathai was an emissary of the developing world, and spoke in horror about how western consumerism was devastating the world’s remotest areas and poorest people.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Diplomats used to be important emissaries for their governments.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. （外交上的）使者
分布：特使(52%)，密使(48%)
→e-, 向外。-miss, 派遣，发送，见mission.
使者,密使(e出＋miss+ary人→送出去的人→使者)[Miss,mit=send,cast,表示"送,放出"]
特使(e出+miss送)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】e出，miss＝mit送－送出去完成某使命的人－特使
US [-ser-] formal
noun countable
■a person sent by one government or political leader to another to take messages or to take part in discussions 使者；特使；密使
• The Foreign Secretary has flown to China as the personal emissary of the Prime Minister. 外交部长已经以首相的私人特使的身份搭机前往中国。
n. 使者；间谍；密使
 - illegal, envoy

Word: trove
Front: trove
[trəʊv] (托 16489/23764)
Vocabulary: trove
(once / 6953 pages)
n
A trove is a valuable collection of something. You might discover a trove of old comic books in the basement of your uncle's house, or a trove of candy bars at the back of a kitchen cabinet.
If you found a treasure chest full of gold doubloons buried in your back yard, you could absolutely call that a trove — but you can also use trove for any wonderful or precious stash of stuff. Archaeologists might uncover a trove of fossils, and Easter egg hunters are hoping to discover a trove of eggs and candy. Trove was first used in the phrase treasure trove, from the Anglo-French tresor trové, rooted in the Old French trover, "to find."
WORD FAMILY
trove: troves
USAGE EXAMPLES
In the tombs of queens were found troves of gold and jewelry.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
The tombs of queens yielded troves of gold and jewelry.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
That material turned over to Columbia offers a preview of the wider trove.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （物主不明的）发掘出来的金银财宝
分布：贵重发现物(50%)，珍藏品(50%)
→缩写自 treasure trove,找到的珍宝，来自古法语 trover,打到，发现，来自通俗拉丁语*tropare, 找到，发现，词源同 turn,trope,troubadour.在语法格上，该词为动词 trover 的过去分词格。

Word: mackerel
Front: mackerel
[ˈmækrəl] (16460/15554 -1)
Back: n. 鲭（产于北大西洋），马鲛鱼
分布：鲭鱼(58%)，鲭(42%)
→来自古法语maquerel,皮条客，中介，中间人，进一步词源不详。可能来自古日耳曼语，词源同make，-erel,小词后缀。取make做爱词义，因这种鱼在夏季会成群游到海岸附近产卵，场面壮观，给古人留人一种这种鱼情爱习惯特别热烈的印象，因而得名。
noun countable or uncountable (plural mackerel or mackerels)
■a sea fish that can be eaten and which has a strong taste 鲭，鲐（一种味道很浓的食用海鱼）
• smoked mackerel 熏鲭鱼

Word: peculiarity
Front: peculiarity
[pɪˌkju:liˈærəti] (六托 16495/14155)
Vocabulary: peculiarity
(once / 463 pages)
n
Some characteristic or habit that's odd or distinctive is a peculiarity. Your brother's peculiarities might include always wearing a red knit hat, even in summer.
A peculiarity is a quirk or strange feature. You might be self conscious about the fact that your ears are uneven, something you think of as an obvious peculiarity. Another kind of peculiarity is a quality that is specific to someone or something: "One peculiarity of people from the Midwest is that they call soda pop." This "special characteristic" meaning is the original one, which makes sense given the Latin root, peculiaris, "of one's own."
WORD FAMILY
peculiarity: peculiarities+/ peculiar: peculiarity, peculiarly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The peculiarities of Britain’s housing market, in sum, militate against big price declines: in 2007-11, house prices fell by two-thirds as much as in America.
Economist(Dec 07, 2016)
The view of a multistory apartment complex is instantly legible as a whole but abounds in slow-release peculiarities, revelatory details and telling contradictions.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Many of the peculiarities the movie’s Hughes exhibits are borrowed from real-life anecdotes.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 特性; 特质; 怪癖; 奇形怪状
分布：特性(54%)，怪癖(25%)，特质(14%)，古怪(7%)
US [-'er.ə.tˌi] noun
STRANGE 奇怪
countable or uncountable
■the quality of being strange or unfamiliar, or an unusual characteristic or habit 古怪；奇异；怪癖
• You couldn't help but be aware of the peculiarity of the situation. 你必然会意识到情况有些蹊跷。
• Well, we all have our little peculiarities, don't we? 哦，我们每个人都有自己的一些小怪癖，不是吗？
UK [pɪˌkju:.li'ær.ə.ti] US [-'er.ə.tˌi] noun
BELONGING TO 属于
countable
■something which is typical of one person, group or thing 特点
• This technique is applicable to a wide variety of crops, but some modifications may be necessary to accommodate the peculiarities of each type. 该项技术适用于多种作物，但可能需要根据每种作物的特点稍作改进。
peculiarity, properity, quality, attribute, feature, characteristic, character, trait
这组词都有“特性、特点、品质”的意思，其区别是：
peculiarity: 指人或事物独具的或奇怪的特点，常带感情色彩。
properity: 多指同类事物所共有的特性，一般不用于指人。
quality: 最普通用词，既可指有形或无形的特性，又可指个性或共性的特征。
attribute: 通常指人主观赋予某事物的属性，可指典型事物。
feature: 指事物突出引人注目的特点。多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。
characteristic: 指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。
character: 多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。
trait: 多指人的性格、心情的特征，尤指先天秉赋的持久的行为模式或性格特征。
peculiarity, quality, attribute, feature, property, characteristic, publicity, trait, character, popularity
peculiarity: 独具的或奇怪的特点，常带感情色彩；
quality: 既可指有形或无形的特性，又可指个性或共性的特征；
attribute: 通常指人主观赋予某事物的属性，可指典型事物
feature: 指事物突出引人注目的特点。多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征；
property: 多指同类事物所共有的特性，一般不用于指人；
characteristic: 指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征；
publicity: 公开，宣传；
trait: 多指人的性格、心情的特征，尤指先天秉赋的持久的行为模式或性格特征；
character: 多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征；
popularity: 普遍，流行；
n. 特性；特质；怪癖；奇特
 - quality, tang, identity, specific, character

Word: liquidate
Front: liquidate
[ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt] (宝 16502/19027 -1)
Vocabulary: liquidate
(once / 2419 pages)
1v 2v
If you liquidate something, you get rid of it. When a huge retailer has to close all of its stores, it liquidates everything, meaning the inventory and even the shelves and display cases are sold to bargain-hunters, to raise money for the company to pay its debts.
Liquidate comes from the Latin liquidare, meaning “to melt,” or “to clarify.” A recipe might ask you to liquefy the butter, not liquidate it, because liquidate has to do with assets. To liquidate is to convert stocks or goods into cash by selling them, to finish business neatly, and to clear debts. If you liquidate your old baseball card collection, you will have money to put in your college fund.
WORD FAMILY
liquidate: liquidated, liquidates, liquidating, liquidation, liquidator+/liquidation: liquidations/liquidator: liquidators
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many brokers expect Hanjin eventually to be liquidated or reduced to a much smaller regional operator.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
Any additional locations the company liquidates will be closed by April 30, American Apparel said in court documents.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 19, 2016)
On the line was the owner of a mattress store who was liquidating his showroom, and offering to donate his stock of mattresses.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 清算; 清偿; 结束; 换现款
时态：liquidated, liquidating, liquidates
分布：清算(77%)，清偿(16%)，消除(7%)
→来自liquid,流动，液体。用于经济学资产的流动性，清算，清偿等。
清偿(债务);清理(帐目)(liquid+ate→像把水弄清一样→清理)[liqu=wet,表示"湿"]
清洗;结清(liquid液体...用液体清洗)[-ate 1.表动词"做,造成"2.表形容词"具有…的"3.表名词"人或地位"]
verb
CLOSE 关闭
intransitive or transitive
■to cause a business to close, so that its assets can be sold to pay its debts 清算，清盘
['lɪk.wɪ.deɪt] verb
KILL 杀掉
transitive
■to kill someone who threatens a government or political organization 清除，肃清（对政府或政治组织有威胁的人）
vt. 清算；偿付；消除
 - eliminate, avoid
vi. 清算；清理债务
 - reckon with sb, bring to account

Word: tinted
Front: tinted
[tɪntid] (16493/19885)
Back: adj. 带色彩的
v. 染色( tint的过去式和过去分词 ); 着色于…; 染（发）; 使受影响
分布：带色彩的(67%)，动词tint的过去式和过去分词.(33%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective [before noun]
■(of glass) with colour added （玻璃）有色的
• Tinted glasses (= glasses with slightly darkened lenses) are good for driving in bright sunlight. 戴有色眼镜有利于在强光下开车。
• The President arrived at the airport in a car with tinted windows (= windows with darkened glass so that people cannot see into the car). 总统乘坐车窗为有色玻璃的轿车到达机场。
adj. 着色的，带色彩的
 - colored, painted

Word: blanch
Front: blanch
[blɑ:ntʃ] (宝 16503/21165 -1)
Vocabulary: blanch
(once / 1727 pages)
1v 2v
To blanch is to turn pale, usually as the result of a physical or psychological shock. Nineteenth century literary heroines were frequently blanching — before they fainted, that is.
Blanch has also taken on the more general meaning of to cause shock in general. A government can blanch at following through a particular reform, without the implication that an entire cabinet actually turned white. You can blanch an inanimate object, too, when you deprive it of its natural color. White toilet paper has been blanched by using bleach, for example, though environmentalists blanch at the thought.
WORD FAMILY
blanch: blanched, blanches, blanching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Or blanch the greens quickly and sauté, using as a simple side or adding last minute to mains or even pizzas.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
But my friend, meeting me at a Hilton in Tokyo, blanched when he saw me.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The next morning, the woman’s husband arrived at the hospital, enveloped in the same diffuse, blanching rash.
The New Yorker(Aug 15, 2016)
Back: vt. 使变白; 使（植物）不见阳光而变白; [冶]酸洗（金属）使有光泽; [烹]用沸水煮白
vi. 漂白; 发白; 变白
adj. 漂白的; 银白色的
时态：blanched, blanching, blanches
分布：漂白(75%)，烫洗(25%)
→同blank，白的。
漂白,发白(blanc的变体)[blanc=white表示"白"]
【记】1）blanc白－脸色变白2）读：不烂吃。烂吃就是什么都吃，容易发胖。但是，不烂吃就是什么都不吃，容易脸色苍白。
【参】blank（adj 空白的；n 空白处）；bleach（v 漂白）
US [blæntʃ] verb
PALE 苍白的
intransitive
■to turn pale 变白，变苍白
• While most people would blanch at the prospect of so much work, Daniels seems to enjoy it. 面对这么多工作大多数人会吓得脸色发白，而丹尼尔却似乎乐此不疲。
transitive
■to make a plant pale by covering it up so that the light does not reach it as it grows 使（植物）不见阳光而变白
UK [blɑ:ntʃ] US [blæntʃ] verb
BOIL 煮
transitive
■to put vegetables or similar foods into boiling water for a few minutes to make them white, remove the skins, get rid of strong flavours, or prepare them for freezing 焯（把蔬菜等放入沸水中略煮一下）；烫煮
• blanched almonds 烫过的杏仁
vt. 漂白；使变白
 - snow, bleach out
vi. 漂白；发白；变白
 - bleach out, go white
adj. 漂白的；银白色的
 - bleaching, whited

Word: posterity
Front: posterity
[pɒˈsterəti] (托雅 16501/14065 -1)
Vocabulary: posterity
(once / 691 pages)
n
Posterity is a noun meaning "future generations." These people of the future could be your children and great-great grandchildren, or any people who are born after you.
If you save something "for posterity," you're hoping that years later people will appreciate it, like a time capsule you bury in the yard. The word comes from the Latin word for "post, after." It's also related to the word posterior, which means "behind, to come after in time." In legal terms, posterity refers to the offspring of a person and it often has to do with inheriting property and who is entitled to do so.
WORD FAMILY
posterity: posterities
USAGE EXAMPLES
But let’s try to remember some of those firsts, for posterity.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Gordon Campbell The reburial of Richard III in 2015 provoked strong views about how he should be judged by posterity.
Time(Dec 07, 2016)
“And this scan, unlike some, will actually be worth keeping for posterity.”
The New Yorker(Nov 20, 2016)
Back: n. 后代，后世; 子孙; 后裔; 儿孙
分布：后代(100%)
→来自拉丁语posterus,在后的，后面的，来自post,在后，-ity,名词后缀。
后代,子孙(poster+ity→后面的人→后代)[post,poster=behind,表示"后面"]
US [pɑ:'ster.ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
■the people who will exist in the future 后裔，子孙，后代
• Every attempt is being made to ensure that these works of art are preserved for posterity. 当局正在采取一切措施以确保这些艺术品能流传后世。
n. 子孙，后裔；后代
 - child, seed, progeny

Word: stumbling
Front: stumbling
['stəmblɪŋ] (16417/14364)
Back: adj. 摇摇晃晃或跌跌撞撞的
v. （不顺畅地）说( stumble的现在分词 ); 跌跌撞撞地走; 绊脚; （说话、演奏等）出错
分布：蹒跚的(50%)，动词stumble的现在分词.(25%)，阻碍的(25%)
VERB
绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;踉跄;步履蹒跚
If you stumble, you put your foot down awkwardly while you are walking or running and nearly fall over.
例：He stumbled and almost fell...他差点被绊倒。
例：I stumbled into the telephone box and dialed 999.我跌跌撞撞地进了电话亭拨了 999。
VERB
(朗读或说话时)结巴，磕磕巴巴
If you stumble while you are reading aloud or speaking, you make a mistake, and have to pause before saying the words properly.
例：...his voice wavered and he stumbled over the words at one point.他声音颤抖，一度说话磕磕巴巴的
adj. 障碍的
 - impedient

Word: methamphetamine
Front: methamphetamine
[ˌmeθæm'fetəmi:n] (16378/-)
Back: n. 甲基苯丙胺，脱氧麻黄碱（一种中枢兴奋药）
分布：名词(100%)
→来自methyl,甲基，amphetamine,安非他明，苯基丙胺。因从安非他明提炼而得名，俗称冰毒。
US [-fetˌ-] (also (crystal) meth)
noun uncountable
■a drug that makes your mind and body more active. It is addictive (= you cannot stop taking it when you have started) and some people take it illegally. 甲基安非他命，甲基苯丙胺（刺激精神和身体的药物，容易令人上瘾，一些人非法服用）

Word: figuratively
Front: figuratively
[ˈfɪgjʊrətɪvlɪ] (16429/32703)
Vocabulary: figuratively
(once / 4275 pages)
adv
The adverb figuratively describes something symbolic, not actual. If a friend invites you to tonight's concert but you already have plans with your family, you might say — figuratively — that your hands are tied.
Something that's said figuratively isn't intended to be taken as the literal truth, but as a symbol of something, or as emphasis. Figures of speech are good examples of things people say figuratively, like "the book begged to be read," or "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse" — not meant to be understood literally (you really don't want to eat that horse, do you?). The Latin word figurare, "to form or fashion," is the root of figuratively.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
figuratively / literally
Figuratively means metaphorically, and literally describes something that actually happened. If you say that a guitar solo literally blew your head off, your head should not be attached to your body.
Most of us were taught that figuratively means something other than literal, and that literally means "actually" or "exactly." Somewhere along the line, literally began to be used as, well, figuratively, like this:
But they're also going to create literally a tidal wave of data. (Washington Post)
There wasn't an actual tidal wave, just a lot of data. Here are some examples that make word nerds literally smile:
Today, protesters literally occupy Wall Street, camping in Zuccotti Park at the heart of New York's financial district. (Washington Post)
They're really, actually there.
People can literally drown in their own body fluids. (Scientific American)
"We literally had fish blood running through the parking lot," he says. (Forbes)
Ew, but true.
Figuratively is more imaginative, it's used when you mean something didn't really happen. It's metaphorical, as in these examples with boats and feathers:
Besides, figuratively speaking, they are still in the same boat. (Mayne Reid)
So Josh—as he figuratively put it—had not a feather to fly with. (Burford Delannoy)
Although literally has been horning in on figuratively's turf, they're really not the same, in fact the two words are often go together to complete a picture:
Watching a waterfall drowns out — literally and figuratively — everyday cares. (Seattle Times)
"The Piano Lesson" tells a more haunting story, both literally and figuratively. (New York Times)
Will people understand you if you use literally when you mean figuratively? Sure. Most people will recognize that when you say, "The guitar solo literally blew my head off" it was an awesome solo, but your head is, in fact, still on your neck.
WORD FAMILY
figurative: figuratively, nonfigurative+/disfiguration: disfigurations/ disfigure: disfiguration, disfigured, disfigurement, disfigures, disfiguring/disfigurement: disfigurements/figuration: figurations/ figure: disfigure, figuration, figurative, figured, figureed, figurer, figures, figuring, prefigure, subfigure/figurer: figurers/figuring: figurings/prefiguration: prefigurations/ prefigure: prefiguration, prefigurative, prefigured, prefigures, prefiguring
USAGE EXAMPLES
A broken heart, figuratively, inspired Washington women’s basketball coach Mike Neighbors to learn how to play guitar.
Seattle Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Jerusalem sits in the middle of the contested land, figuratively and literally.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
In using McDonald’s as shorthand for the forces tearing democracy apart, I am, like him, writing figuratively.
The Guardian(Dec 06, 2016)
Back: adv. 形象地，比喻地
分布：比喻地(75%)，借喻地(25%)
US [-ɚ.ə.tˌɪv-] adverb
■in a way which uses words and phrases with a more imaginative meaning than usual （词或短语）比喻地
• Figuratively speaking, it was a blow right between the eyes (= it was a bad shock). 打个比方说吧，这是正中眉心的一击。
adv. 比喻地；象征性地
 - symbolically, allegorically

Word: bullish
Front: bullish
[ˈbʊlɪʃ] (16504/20057 -1)
Back: adj. 公牛般的; 顽固的; [商]股票行情看涨的; 〈比喻〉乐观的
分布：看涨的(46%)，乐观的(41%)，上扬的(10%)，似牡牛的(3%)
adjective
ATTITUDE 态度
■giving your opinions in a powerful and confident way 乐观的；充满信心的
• She's being very bullish about the firm's future. 她对公司的未来很有信心。
['bʊl.iʃ] adjective
FINANCIAL MARKET 金融市场
■describes a financial market in which share prices are rising 股票行情看涨的；牛市的

Word: cappuccino
Front: cappuccino
[ˌkæpuˈtʃi:nəʊ] (16511/26926)
Vocabulary: cappuccino
(once / 50727 pages)
n
A cappuccino is a hot drink made with espresso and steamed milk. You might order a cappuccino at your favorite neighborhood cafe.
Cappuccino is one of dozens of drink choices at any coffee shop that has an espresso machine. While many of these drinks were invented in the US within the last five or ten years, cappuccino is authentically Italian, traditionally served in a fairly small cup and made with equal parts strong espresso, steamed milk, and dense milk foam. The word itself comes from the brown color of the hoods worn by Capuchin monks in Italy.
WORD FAMILY
cappuccino: cappuccinos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Suddenly, that £5 cappuccino on Oxford Street is no longer cause for outright alarm.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The extra height of the lid accommodates whipped cream or cappuccino foam, and its inner ring reduces “dribble at the rim,” the company’s website says.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
There are others who stop in as regularly as every day for a shoeshine and cappuccino, he said.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 卡普契诺咖啡，卡布奇诺咖啡（加热奶，有时上面撒有巧克力粉）
分布：卡布其诺(70%)，热牛奶咖啡(30%)
→来自意大利词Capuccin, 斗篷，词源同cap, chaperon.因咖啡颜色与意大利修士头戴的棕色斗篷相似而得名。参照电影《博物馆奇妙夜》重要配角猴即叫做Capuccin，僧帽猴。
US [-noʊ] (plural cappuccinos)
noun countable or uncountable
■(a cup of) coffee made with heated milk which is served with a thick mass of bubbles and often powdered chocolate on the top （一杯）卡布奇诺咖啡（添加牛奶加热饮用，有大量泡沫，常洒有巧克力粉）

Word: beefy
Front: beefy
[ˈbi:fi] (16508/24761)
Vocabulary: beefy
(once / 13017 pages)
adj
Someone who's beefy has a big, dense, muscular body. Your beefy, loud-voiced gym teacher might turn out to be a sweet and thoughtful person.
The adjective beefy is a bit derogatory — in other words, it's not exactly used as a compliment. If you describe a person as beefy, you imply that not only is he large, strong, and brawny, he might also be somewhat dense. You could also use the word to mean "tasting like beef," although that's much less common. The word dates from 1743, from the sense of "human muscle."
WORD FAMILY
beefy: beefier, beefiest, beefily
USAGE EXAMPLES
It is also combing China’s provinces for more beefy talent like Mr. Wang.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Another photographer, beefy and wearing a black bandanna, was on his way to shoot an assignment when he noticed Mendes.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
No matter where USC ends up, it will have a beefier practice schedule.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 牛肉似的; 结实的，肌肉发达的
级别：beefier, beefiest
分布：强壮的(56%)，装满的(22%)，装满牛肉的(22%)
['bi:.fi] informal
adjective
■describes someone who looks strong, heavy and powerful 结实的
• a beefy footballer 壮硕的足球运动员
■powerful and effective 强大的；高效的
• I want to buy myself a beefier computer. 我想买一部功能更强大的电脑。
adj. 象牛肉的；结实的；健壮的
 - solid, firm, tough

Word: fragment
Front: fragment
[ˈfrægmənt] (研四六托雅宝 4744/3352 -2)
Vocabulary: fragment
(once / 202 pages)
nv
A fragment is a small piece that’s come off a larger whole, and to fragment is to break. If your teacher writes "frag" on your paper, you've got an incomplete sentence.
Fragment, meaning "a tiny, brittle shard," first appeared as a noun and later as a verb. That afternoon you hacked away at the fireplace in your parents’ living room in search of secret treasure as a child? Those dusty chunks of brick you scattered all over their shag carpet were fragments of a once-intact wall, and a happier time before you were grounded. Not only did you cause physical damage that day, but you also fragmented their trust in you.
WORD FAMILY
fragment: fragmental, fragmentary, fragmentation, fragmented, fragmenting, fragmentise, fragmentize, fragments+/fragmentary: fragmentarily/ fragmentation: fragmentations/fragmentize: fragmentized, fragmentizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“It’s a transitional, fragmented episode built around narrative red herrings,” Mike Hale wrote in The New York Times.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
“It was pretty bad,” he says, in his fragmented English.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
No one is assigned to guard the site, much less catalog the fragments.
Seattle Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 碎片; 片段，未完成的部分; （将文件内容）分段
vt. （使）碎裂，破裂，分裂
vi. 破碎，碎裂
时态：fragmented, fragmenting, fragments
分布：片段(67%)，碎片(28%)，分裂(4%)，使破碎(1%)
→来自bhreg, 分开，破开，词源同break, fraction. 即破开的部分，碎片。
碎片;片断(frag+ment表名词)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
碎片(frag破碎)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
n.碎片,小部分,片断The ragged man drags a waggon of rag fragments.那个衣衫褴褛的人拉着一货车破布碎片.
【记】frag碎
【反】coalesce（v 接合；联合）
noun countable /ˈfræg.mənt/
■a small piece or a part, especially when broken from something whole 小片，小块；（尤指）碎片，碎块
• The road was covered with fragments of glass from the shattered window. 马路上到处是车窗的碎玻璃片。
• Literary scholars are piecing together her last unpublished novel from fragments of a recently discovered manuscript. 文学研究者们正在把最近发现的她最后一部未发表小说的手稿残片一点点拼凑起来。
verb intransitive or transitive /frægˈment/
■to break something into small parts or to be broken up in this way （使）支离破碎；打碎；（使）分裂
• The satellite will fragment and burn up as it falls through the Earth's atmosphere. 卫星坠经地球大气层时会碎裂起火，化为灰烬。
• The government is planning to fragment the industry before privatizing it. 政府正计划将该产业拆分后再进行私有化。
bit, scrap, slice, fragment, sheet, piece
这组词都有“片、块、段”的意思，其区别是：
bit: 侧重指微小，一点点，小碎片。
scrap: 侧重指废弃的零碎之物。
slice: 多指切得很薄的一片食物。
fragment: 指破裂的，不完整的，不可完整的碎片。
sheet: 侧重指平整很薄的一张或一片。
piece: 最普通用词，多指从整体上分割下来的东西，可大可小。
share, fraction, division, segment, part, fragment, section, piece, portion
这组词都有“整体的一部分”的意思，其区别是：
share: 指共有的东西中应占有的一部分。
fraction: 指包含在全体中的一部分，暗示微不足道的一部分。
division: 通常指按类划分或分割成而的部分。常含抽象意义。
segment: 指某物的特定部分或自然形成的部分，也指线形物品的一段。
part: 含义广，最普通用词。常指整体中可大可小的一部分，也可指整体中可分开的独立部分。
fragment: 指因破裂、分割等产生的支离破碎、不规则的一部分。
section: 指整体中的分区，部分与部分之间有显著界限。
piece: 指整体中的一些个体，尤指从某个整体上分出来的一部分。
portion: 侧重从整体中所分配到的那一部分，含一定的独立意义。
n. 碎片；片断或不完整部分
 - debris, chip

Word: multiplication
Front: multiplication
[ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃn] (六 16434/12748)
Vocabulary: multiplication
(once / 2420 pages)
n
In math, multiplication is when you add a number to itself a certain number of times. The multiplication of 3 times 2 gives you an answer of 6. if you put two bunnies in a cage and end up with six, that's a different type of multiplication.
Multiplication falls under the mathematical category of arithmetic, and it's usually taught after addition and subtraction. When you memorize your times tables in school, you're learning multiplication. In science, the word multiplication is sometimes used to talk about the increase of an organism through generations of reproducing, like the multiplication of a farmer's sheep flock as more lambs are born. The Latin root word is multiplicare, "to increase."
WORD FAMILY
multiplication: multiplications+/ multiple: multiples, multiplicity, multiply /multiplicative: multiplicatively/ multiplicity: multiplicities/multiplier: multipliers/ multiply: multiplication, multiplicative, multiplied, multiplier, multiplies, multiplying
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s about the endless multiplication of vested interests that taxpayers and consumers are forced to support in our supposedly free society.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
“One day when we all got in the car for a short trip, he blurted out ‘teach me multiplication.’”
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
In class, they balance course loads that include drilling multiplication tables and writing kanji characters.
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
Back: n. 增加，增殖，倍增; [数]乘法，乘法运算
分布：乘法运算(39%)，繁殖(31%)，增加(30%)
→来自multiply,乘。引申词义乘法。
N-UNCOUNT
乘法;乘法运算
Multiplication is the process of calculating the total of one number multiplied by another.
例：There will be simple tests in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.会有对加、减、乘、除运算的简单测试。
N-UNCOUNT
(数量方面的)增加，增多
The multiplication of things of a particular kind is the process or fact of them increasing in number or amount.
例：Increasing gravity is known to speed up the multiplication of cells.我们知道不断增加的引力会加速细胞的分裂。
n. [数] 乘法；增加
 - enhancement, increase, gain, rise

Word: whiz
Front: whiz
[wɪz] (16509/43111)
Back: n. 飕飕声; 能手; 专家; 有吸引力的东西
vi. 发出飕飕声; <口>高速移动
时态：whizzed, whizzing, whizzes
分布：奇才(41%)，能手(26%)，飕飕声(17%)，=whizz(8%)，飕飕掠过(8%)
n. 飕飕声；奇才
 - wiz, hot stuff

Word: fixing
Front: fixing
['fɪksɪŋ] (16428/12171)
Back: n. 固定; 稳固; 设备; 安装
v. 固定( fix的现在分词 ); 准备; 修理; 使牢固
分布：固定(68%)，修理(25%)，设备(5%)，动词fix的现在分词形式.(1%)，配料(1%)
VERB
固定;安装
If something is fixed somewhere, it is attached there firmly or securely.
例：It is fixed on the wall...它固定在墙上。
例：Most blinds can be fixed directly to the top of the window-frame...大多数窗帘都可直接安装在窗框上边。
VERB
确定，决定，选定(日期、价格、政策等)
If you fix something, for example a date, price, or policy, you decide and say exactly what it will be.
例：He's going to fix a time when I can see him...他会确定一个我和他会面的时间。
例：The date of the election was fixed...选举日期定下来了。
VERB
安排;弄妥
If you fix something for someone, you arrange for it to happen or you organize it for them.
例：I've fixed it for you to see Bonnie Lachlan...你去见邦尼·拉克伦的事我已经安排好了。
例：It's fixed. He's going to meet us at the airport...已经安排好了，他会在机场接我们。
VERB
修理;维修
If you fix something which is damaged or which does not work properly, you repair it.
例：He cannot fix the electricity...他不会修电路。
例：If something is broken, we get it fixed.如果什么东西坏了，我们就找人来修理。
VERB
处理，解决(问题等)
If you fix a problem or a bad situation, you deal with it and make it satisfactory.
例：It's not too late to fix the problem, although time is clearly getting short...虽然时间越来越紧迫，但现在处理这个问题还为时未晚。
例：Fixing a 40-year-old wrong does not mean, however, that history can be undone.但是，平反一件40年的冤案并不意味着历史可以重写。
N-COUNT
解决方案(或措施)
You can refer to a solution to a problem as a fix .
例：Many of those changes could just be a temporary fix.那些变革中可能有很多只是权宜之计。
V-ERG
(目光)专注于，凝视;目不转睛地看
If you fix your eyes on someone or something or if your eyes fix on them, you look at them with complete attention.
例：She fixes her steel-blue eyes on an unsuspecting local official...她那灰蓝色的眼睛紧盯着一个毫无戒心的地方官员。
例：Her soft brown eyes fixed on Kelly...她那双温柔的棕色眼睛紧盯着凯利。
VERB
(用某种表情)看着，望着
If you fix someone with a particular kind of expression, you look at them in that way.
例：He took her hand and fixed her with a look of deep concern...他抓住她的手，表情极其关切地看着她。
例：He fixed me with a lopsided grin.他冲我歪嘴笑了笑。
VERB
将(注意力)集中在;专心考虑
If you fix your attention on someone or something, you think about them with complete attention.
例：Fix your attention on the practicalities of financing your schemes...重点考虑为你的计划融资是否可行。
例：Attention is fixed on the stock market...重点关注的是证券市场。
VERB
牢记，铭记，镌刻(在头脑中)
If someone or something is fixed in your mind, you remember them well, for example because they are very important, interesting, or unusual.
例：Leonard was now fixed in his mind...伦纳德现在已经令他无法忘怀。
例：Amy watched the child's intent face eagerly, trying to fix it in her mind.埃米急切地看着孩子那张神情专注的脸，想把它记在脑海里。
VERB
把(枪、相机、雷达)对准(或瞄准、指向)
If someone fixes a gun, camera, or radar on something, they point it at that thing.
例：The US crew fixed its radar on the Turkish ship...美国船员将雷达对准那艘土耳其船。
例：The bore of the gun remained fixed on me.枪口依然指着我。
VERB
(通常用雷达或电子设备)找到，弄清，确定(确切位置)
If you fix the position of something, you find out exactly where it is, usually by using radar or electronic equipment.
例：He had not been able to fix his position...他一直未能确定他所在的位置。
例：The satellite fixes positions by making repeated observations of each star.卫星通过对每颗恒星反复观察进行定位。
N-SING
了解;理解;认识
If you get a fix on someone or something, you have a clear idea or understanding of them.
例：It's been hard to get a steady fix on what's going on.要对正在发生的事情保持持续的关注和了解并不容易。
VERB
做，准备(食物或饮料)
If you fix some food or a drink for someone, you make it or prepare it for them.
例：Sarah fixed some food for us...萨拉为我们准备了一些吃的。
例：Let me fix you a drink...我给你弄杯饮料吧。
VERB
整理，收拾(头发、衣服或妆容)
If you fix your hair, clothes, or make-up, you arrange or adjust them so you look neat and tidy, showing you have taken care with your appearance.
例：'I've got to fix my hair,' I said and retreated to my bedroom...“我得把头发梳理一下，”我说罢回到了卧室。
例：She called a cab, fixed her face, and scrawled a hasty note to Brian.她叫了辆出租车，补了一下妆，匆匆地给布莱恩写了张便条。
VERB
矫正(牙齿);整形
If you have your teeth fixed, you have treatment from a dentist to make your teeth even, straight, and white.
例：The PR man suggested that I might benefit from getting my teeth fixed...公关顾问建议说，整牙也许对我有好处。
例：I wonder if Tom ever had his teeth fixed anywhere else.我在想汤姆是不是在别的地方整过牙。
VERB
在(比赛、竞选等活动中)作弊，做手脚，操纵
If someone fixes a race, election, contest, or other event, they make unfair or illegal arrangements or use deception to affect the result.
例：They offered opposing players bribes to fix a decisive league match against Valenciennes...他们贿赂对方队员，在联赛对阵瓦朗谢讷队的一场决定性比赛中作弊。
例：We didn't 'fix' anything. It'll be seen as it happens...我们没做任何手脚，该什么样就会什么样。
VERB
操纵，操控(价格)
If you accuse someone of fixing prices, you accuse them of making unfair arrangements to charge a particular price for something, rather than allowing market forces to decide it.
例：...a suspected cartel that had fixed the price of steel for the construction market...涉嫌操控建筑市场钢材价格的卡特尔
例：The company is currently in dispute with the government over price fixing.该公司目前与政府在是否存在价格操控问题上存在分歧。
N-COUNT
(毒品)一剂，一次用量
An injection of an addictive drug such as heroin can be referred to as a fix .
N-COUNT
(维持身体或心理需要所需的)一个剂量，一定数量
You can use fix to refer to an amount of something which a person gets or wants and which helps them physically or psychologically to survive.
例：It turned the country into an 'aid junkie', heavily dependent on its annual fix of dollars...这使得该国严重依赖每年救济的那点美元，成了“嗜援成瘾”的国家。
例：I need my fix of sugar, sweets, and chocolate...我离不开糖、甜品和巧克力。
N-SING
(尤指由自己引起的)困境，窘境
If you are in a fix, you are in a difficult situation, especially one that you have caused for yourself.
例：He was in a fix...他陷入了困境。
例：The government has really got itself into a fix...政府真的让自己陷入了困境。
VERB
定(影);定(色)
To fix something such as a dye or photographic image means to treat it with chemicals so that it does not lose its colour or disappear.
例：Certain pigment colours were painted on to dry plaster using tempera (where egg yolk is used to fix the pigment)...使用蛋彩画颜料(内含可以定色的蛋黄)在干石膏上绘出了特定颜色。
例：The main aim of inbreeding is to standardise, to fix desirable inherited characteristics and to dispel undesirable ones.同系交配的主要目的就是实现标准化，保持理想的遗传特性，并消除不良的特性。
VERB
使永远停止;制止;收拾
If you say that you will fix someone, you mean that you will stop their activities permanently.
例：That'll fix him.那样他就不会再干了。
VERB
打算;想要;计划
If you say that you are fixing to do something, you mean that you are planning or intending to do it.
例：I'm fixing to go to graduate school...我打算去读研究生。
例：He would know when I was fixing to leave. He'd wait by the front door.他会知道我打算什么时候走，他还会在前门等着。
PHRASAL VERB
决定;确定;选定
If you fix on a particular thing, you decide that it is the one you want and will have.
例：The Vietnamese government has fixed on May 19th to celebrate his anniversary.越南政府已经决定于5月19日庆祝他的诞辰。
PHRASAL VERB
安排;确定
If you fix something up, you arrange it.
例：I fixed up an appointment to see her...我安排了与她见面。
例：Accommodation is never fixed up in advance.住宿从未提前安排好。
PHRASAL VERB
装饰;修饰;整理
If you fix something up, you do work that is necessary in order to make it more suitable or attractive.
例：I've fixed up Matthew's old room...我已经把马修原来住的房间装饰了一番。
例：The whole block is being fixed up.整个街区都在进行装修。
PHRASAL VERB
向…提供;为…准备
If you fix someone up with something they need, you provide it for them.
例：We'll fix him up with a tie...我们将给他准备一条领带。
例：He was fixed up with a job.别人给他找了一份工作。
n. 固定； [机] 安装；设备；修理
 - installation, equipment, furniture, facility, setting
v. 固定（fix的现在分词）
 - nogging.

Word: umbilical
Front: umbilical
[ʌm'bɪlɪkəl] (16507/19895)
Back: adj. 脐带的，母系的
分布：脐带的(84%)，关系亲密的(16%)
adj. 脐带的；母系的；中央的
 - mid, centre

Word: illiteracy
Front: illiteracy
[ɪ'lɪtərəsɪ] (16517/20661)
Vocabulary: illiteracy
(once / 7112 pages)
n
Illiteracy is the inability to read. You can help someone overcome illiteracy by reading together, or even by sharing your knowledge of vocabulary.
The word literacy means “the ability to read.” By adding the prefix il-, you change the meaning of the word to its opposite. Illiteracy can refer not only to the inability to read but also to a lack of knowledge in other subject areas. If you’ve never heard of Shakespeare, some people might consider you culturally illiterate.
WORD FAMILY
illiteracy: illiteracies+/ illiterate: illiteracy, illiterately, illiterates/ literacy: literacies/ literate: illiterate, literacy, literately, literates, nonliterate, preliterate, semiliterate
USAGE EXAMPLES
That includes infant mortality, opiate addiction, illiteracy and unemployment.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Instead, savvy cultural leaders, businessmen, preachers and citizens built philanthropic groups that targeted everything from illiteracy to poverty to moral decay.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
In 1961, two years after Castro’s revolution won power, the new Cuban government launched an ambitious campaign to stamp out illiteracy.
Seattle Times(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 文盲，无知，缺乏教育
分布：文盲(100%)
文盲(il不+literacy)[liter=letter,表示"文字,字母"]
【记】il不，liter（文字，字母）－不识字－文盲
【参】literate（n 学者adj 有文化的）；illiterate（n 文盲adj 不识字的）
【反】erudition（n 博学）
N-UNCOUNT
文盲
Illiteracy is the state of not knowing how to read or write.
n. 文盲；无知
 - darkness, ignorance

Word: monsoon
Front: monsoon
[ˌmɒnˈsu:n] (雅宝 16516/20876 -1)
Vocabulary: monsoon
(once / 2665 pages)
n
Monsoon is the term for the wind that carries heavy rains to southern Asia, and the rains themselves. During a monsoon, people wait indoors for it to stop.
Although people in other parts of the world sometimes describe heavy rainfall as a monsoon, the real thing only occurs in Asia. Monsoon describes both the rain that drenches India and Southeast Asia in summer and winter, and the wind that carries that rain. The rains are so heavy that they can lead to floods that wash away entire towns.
WORD FAMILY
monsoon: monsoons
USAGE EXAMPLES
He refused to let intermittent monsoons derail his appointed rounds.
Golf Digest(Jan 02, 2017)
More than 70% of the global population live in monsoon areas.
Nature(Dec 20, 2016)
In it, she told tales of rebel conflicts, the monsoon season and 12-inch spiders.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. （印度洋的）季风; 季风雨; 夏季季风
分布：季风(84%)，雨季(16%)
→来自阿拉伯语mawsim,一年的某时间，某季节，来自ma-,指示前缀，wasama,标记，记号。
US [mɑ:n-] noun countable
■the season of heavy rain during the summer in hot Asian countries （炎热的亚洲国家的）季风季节，雨季
• The failure of the monsoon would destroy harvests on which 1000 million people rely. 雨季的雨量不足会毁掉十亿人赖以维生的收成。
n. [气候] 季风；（印度等地的）雨季；季候风
 - rainy season, raining period

Word: Libyan
Front: Libyan
['lɪbɪən] (16500/10883)
Back: adj. 利比亚的；利比亚人的
n. 利比亚人；古代利比亚语
分布：利比亚的(54%)，利比亚人(43%)，古代利比亚语(3%)
noun countable adjective
■Libyan 利比亚人／利比亚的

Word: blue-eyed
Front: blue-eyed
['blu:ˌaɪd] None
Back: adj. 蓝眼睛的，心爱的; 碧眼
分布：受宠爱的(34%)，白人的(33%)，蓝眼睛的(33%)
adj. 蓝眼睛的；心爱的
 - beloved

Word: antecedent
Front: antecedent
[ˌæntɪˈsi:dnt] (雅宝 16403/16104)
Vocabulary: antecedent
(once / 1360 pages)
1nadj 2n
An antecedent is a thing that comes before something else. You might think rap music has no historical antecedent, but earlier forms of African-American spoken verse go back for centuries.
In logic, mathematics, and grammar, the word antecedent (from Latin ante-, "before" + cedere, "to yield") has the meaning "the first part of a statement." More generally, it means "something that came before, and perhaps caused, something else." The word is also an adjective: a lawyer or judge might talk about the "antecedent events" leading up to someone committing a crime.
WORD FAMILY
antecedent: antecedently, antecedents+/ antecede: anteceded, antecedence, antecedency, antecedent, antecedes, anteceding/antecedence: antecedences/antecedency: antecedencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
A phenomenon like Trump, whatever its antecedents, is an opportunity—in this case to purge a rottenness that begins at the commanding heights.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
“Ransack history how you will looking for antecedents, there aren’t any,” says George F. Will, the dean of conservative columnists.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 04, 2016)
But in terms of bombast, you could argue he was an antecedent to Donald Trump.
Time(Nov 03, 2016)
Back: n. 经历; <数>（比例）前项; <逻>前件; 祖先
adj. 在前的，在先的，先行的
分布：先行词(46%)，前情(22%)，祖先(22%)，居先的(5%)，在 ... 之前的(5%)
→前缀ante-, 在前。词根ced, 走。
(aute+ced走+ent→走在前面的[事]→前事)[ante-表示"前面,先"]
先行的;以前的(antede+ent)[ced,ceed,cess=go,表示"行走,前进"]
先行者(ante前+ced走+ent)[-ent 1.表示形容词"…的"2.表名词"…药剂"3.表名词"…人"]
【记】ante前，cede走－走在前面的事－前事
US [-tˌə-] noun countable formal
■someone or something existing or happening before, especially as the cause or origin of something existing or happening later （尤指作为后来存在或发生之事的起因或起源的）前事，前情，先例；祖先
• Charles Babbage's mechanical calculating engines were the antecedents of the modern computer. 查尔斯‧巴贝奇的机械电脑是现代电脑的前身。　
• Many people feel a great curiosity to find out about their antecedents. 很多人对于他们的祖先充满了好奇，很想探究一番。
■specialized
■a word or phrase which a pronoun refers back to 先行词，前述词
• In the sentence 'He picked a book off the shelf and handed it to Sally, 'book' is the antecedent of 'it'. 在句子 He picked a book off the shelf and handed it to Sally 中，book 是 it 的先行词。
UK [ˌæn.ti'si:.dənt] US [-tˌə-] adjective formal
■previous （同页中）上面提到的（地）；上文（的），前文（的）
• When the college was established in 1546, it inherited a hall from each of three antecedent institutions. 该学院在1546年建立时，从作为其前身的三个机构中分别承继了一座教学大楼。
n. 前情；先行词；祖先
 - father, root
adj. 先行的；前驱的；先前的
 - advance, prodromal

Word: clover
Front: clover
[ˈkləʊvə(r)] (16519/12529)
Back: n. 三叶草; <非正>生活舒适而富裕; 养尊处优; 生活优裕
分布：三叶草(57%)，苜蓿(43%)
→来自glei,黏，粘，词源同clay,cling,glue.因其黏性汁液而得名。
US ['kloʊ.vɚ] noun uncountable
■a small plant with three round leaves on each stem, often fed to cows （常作牛饲料的）苜蓿，三叶草，车轴草
UK ['kləʊ.vər] US ['kloʊ.vɚ] noun uncountable
live/be in clover
■to enjoy a life of money and comfort 生活安逸舒适，养尊处优
• With the income from the family estate, she's in clover. 靠家里的地产收入，她过得很安逸。
n. [植] 三叶草；苜蓿；红花草
 - trifolium, shamrock

Word: holiness

Word: avatar
Front: avatar
[ˈævətɑ:(r)] (16422/48636)
Vocabulary: avatar
(once / 3024 pages)
1n 2n
You might know this word from video games, where you create an avatar to represent you on screen. An avatar is something that embodies something else.
In Hinduism the different gods can take many different forms, and when they took human forms, the human was their avatar. Eventually, the word avatar came to mean the embodiment not just of a god, but also of any abstract idea. If you have a cool head, you might see yourself as the avatar of reasonableness in a fight. Video game avatars are sort of a reverse of the first meaning––a physical entity (you) form becomes something abstract (a video game guy).
WORD FAMILY
avatar: avatars
USAGE EXAMPLES
In video games, players describe ourselves as the digital avatars we control on a screen.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Both became big players in movie financing, lending money to hits like “Avatar” and “Gravity” along with flops like “In the Heart of the Sea.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Weaver: The scripts for “Avatar” are absolutely incredible.
Seattle Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 化身; 阿凡达
分布：阿凡达(54%)，化身(46%)
→来自印度语。PIE *ava, 下来。*tere, 穿过，同through. 原指印度主神Vishnu 化身凡人到人间帮助人们化解灾难，根据印度教所描述，佛祖释迦弁尼就是Vishnu的第九个化身，当Vishnu到第十个化身时，则是世界毁灭，人间重建之日。
US [-tɑ:r] noun countable
■in computing, an image which represents you in online games, chat rooms , etc. and which you can move around the screen using the mouse or keys （网路游戏或网上聊天室中的）虚拟化身
• By typing in simple commands you can pick up objects and talk to other avatars, with your words displayed in a cartoon bubble above your head. 键入一些简单的命令，你就可以拾起物品，和其他玩家的虚拟化身交谈，你所键入的话语会出现在你虚拟化身头上的一个卡通对话框中。
n. 化身，具体化；天神下凡化作人形
 - picture, shape, pink, embodiment, crystallization

Word: mammoth
Front: mammoth
[ˈmæməθ] (托宝 11025/14069 -1)
Vocabulary: mammoth
(once / 1714 pages)
nadj
The adjective mammoth is a great way to describe something really, really big, like those huge woolly elephants they’re still finding in the melting glaciers.
The word mammoth is a pretty new one, dating back only to around 1700. It was first only a noun from the Russian word mammot, meaning “earth,” and used to name the newly-discovered fossilized creature that was thought to have burrowed in the earth like a mole. The word, a rare Russian contribution to English, was not used as an adjective until around 1800—notably when President Thomas Jefferson used it to describe a very large cheese.
WORD FAMILY
mammoth: mammothly, mammoths
USAGE EXAMPLES
Thursday for an area around Lake Tahoe stretching south to Mammoth Lakes, California.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The mammoth technology industry confab, formerly the International Consumer Electronics Show, used to be centered on big-screen televisions, appliances and speakers.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There is also a danger of traders passing off elephant ivory as legal mammoth ivory.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: n. [动]猛玛（象）; 庞然大物
adj. 庞大的，巨大的
分布：猛犸(49%)，庞大的(19%)，巨大的(16%)，长毛象(16%)
→来自俄罗斯语mammot,可能来自乌拉尔某语言，ma,土，oute,角。因其骷髅化石角插在土里而得名，从而使人们认为其能够像鼹鼠一样打洞而得名。
【记】原指猛犸：一种体形大、有毛且已绝种了的象。Mam妈妈，moth＝mouth嘴：妈妈的嘴－巨大的。
adjective
■extremely large 巨大的；庞大的
• Cleaning up the city-wide mess is going to be a mammoth task. 清扫全市范围内的垃圾将是一项艰巨的任务。
• It's a mammoth undertaking - are you sure you have the resources to cope? 这是一项艰巨的任务——你肯定有能力完成吗？
['mæm.əθ] noun countable
■a type of large elephant covered in hair that had tusks and no longer exists 猛犸（象），毛象（现已绝种）
n. 长毛象； [古生] 猛犸象；庞然大物
 - monolith, leviathan
adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的
 - huge, enormous, tremendous, massive, macro

Word: totem
Front: totem
[ˈtəʊtəm] (宝 16532/21118 -1)
Vocabulary: totem
(once / 2654 pages)
n
A totem is an emblem or badge that features an animal or plant. Each totem represents a family, clan, or tribe. Do you come from a long line of fishermen? Perhaps your family’s totem is a trout.
Any group can have a totem, but the word totem is from the Algonquian (Native American) word odoodeman for "his family mark." Totems are pictures — usually on badges or emblems — of animals or plants that represent a group of people, especially an extended family or clan. A totem could be a grizzly bear, oak tree, catfish, or just about any other living thing. Like a flag, a totem means a lot to the people it represents.
WORD FAMILY
totem: totemic, totems+/totemic: totemism/totemism: totemisms, totemist/totemist: totemists
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was the Seattle Totems’ beat writer for several years.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
She adopted the eagle as her totem, or spiritual emblem.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
‘Eyes of the Totem,’ shot in Tacoma in 1927, to be screened at Northwest Film Forum.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 图腾; 图腾形象; 崇拜物
分布：图腾(98%)，图腾形象(2%)
→来自北美印第安土著语-doodem,图腾，家族符号。
US ['toʊ.tˌəm] noun countable
■an object which is respected by a group of people, especially for religious reasons （尤指出于宗教原因的）图腾
• Television could be seen as a totem of modern society. 电视可以被视为现代社会的图腾。
n. 图腾；崇拜物
 - idol

Word: first-person
Front: first-person
None None
Back: 第一人称角色
分布：第一人称角色(100%)

Word: obstetrician
Front: obstetrician
[ˌɒbstəˈtrɪʃn] (16525/24331)
Vocabulary: obstetrician
(once / 13938 pages)
n
If you were born in the United States, probably the first doctor you ever laid eyes on was an obstetrician, a medical doctor who delivers babies.
In many parts of the world, it’s more likely that a midwife would welcome you into the world. But even though an obstetrician is a medical doctor and can be male or female, the name goes back to the Latin word for midwife, obstetrix, the woman who "stands in front [of the woman having the baby]." Obstetricians are often called “O.B.,” for short, and an O.B. who also treats diseases of the female reproductive system is called an “O.B.-G.Y.N.,” “obstetrician-gynecologist.”
WORD FAMILY
obstetrician: obstetricians+/ obstetric: obstetrically, obstetrics / obstetrics: obstetrical, obstetrician
USAGE EXAMPLES
The delivery team and her obstetrician hoped the pregnancy would progress to at least 27 weeks.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
Unfortunately, he was no longer available for my next two pregnancies and my new obstetrician saw me as a scientific experiment.
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Public hospitals may not participate in transfer agreements and Dayton-area obstetricians have been intimidated by abortion opponents as the clinic sought additional backup doctors.
Washington Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: n. 产科医师
分布：产科医生(100%)
→obstetrics,妇产科，-ician,人。
US [ˌɑ:b-/ (US informal OB) specialized
noun countable
■a doctor with special training in how to care for pregnant women and help in the birth of babies 产科医生

Word: lick
Front: lick
[lɪk] (研四六雅 5936/6212 -1)
Vocabulary: lick
(once / 503 pages)
1vn 2vn 3v
To lick is to taste or touch with the tongue. When your dog licks you, he's saying hello. Humans should opt for waving hello over licking.
Animal mothers lick their babies to clean them, and adult cats also groom themselves this way. People generally lick things to taste them: you might lick an ice cream cone or a lollipop, or lick salt off your arm after a day at the beach. Colloquially, to lick an opponent is to beat them at a game or fight. In jazz music, a lick is a short burst of music, or a solo.
WORD FAMILY
lick: licked, licking, licks+/licking: lickings
USAGE EXAMPLES
That leaves Hong Kong super maxi Scallywag licking her wounds.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Our favorite is his bacon aioli fries, which you’ll still be licking off your fingers long after you’ve inhaled them.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
She licks the swirls of cream and blood off her fingers, looking up triumphantly.
Salon(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: vt. 舔; <口>打败
vt. & vi. 轻轻拍打; 战胜
n. 舔; 一舐的量，少量
时态：licked, licking, licks
分布：舔(74%)，打(17%)，少许(3%)，轻拍(3%)，掠过(2%)，击败(1%)
→来自leigh,舔，拟声词，词源同lecher,lichen.
vt.舔;(火焰或浪)掠过;打败n.舔;少量His wicked trick is to get the kids to kick bricks and lick the cricket ticket.他的缺德恶作剧是让孩子们踢砖和舔板球门票.
verb
MOVE TONGUE 移动舌头
 ADVANCED transitive
■to move the tongue across the surface of something 舔，舐
• He licked the chocolate off his fingers. 他把手指上的巧克力舔干净了。
• She licked the stamps and stuck them on the parcel. 她舔了一下邮票，然后贴在包裹上。
 ADVANCED transitive intransitive + prep
■If flames or waves lick something, they pass over it quickly or touch it lightly like a tongue （火焰）蔓延，掠过，吞卷；（波浪）拍击，冲刷
• Within a few seconds flames were licking at the curtains. 几秒钟之内火舌就蔓延到了窗帘。
[lɪk] verb
DEFEAT 打败
transitive informal
■to defeat easily in a competition, fight, etc （在竞赛、争斗等中）轻易打败，轻取
• We'll lick the other teams. 我们将一举击败其他球队。
[lɪk] verb
have (got) sth licked informal
■to have solved a problem 已轻松解决…
[lɪk] verb
lick sb's boots (offensive lick sb's arse/ass) informal
■to try very hard to please someone in authority, usually in order to get an advantage 对（某人）阿谀奉承，对（某人）拍马屁
• He needn't expect me to go licking his boots! 他不用指望我去拍他的马屁！
[lɪk] verb
lick your lips
■to move your tongue along your lips 舔嘴唇
• She took a bite of doughnut and licked her lips. 她咬了一口甜甜圈，然后舔了舔嘴唇。
■to feel pleasure at the thought of something 垂涎欲滴地期待
• He licked his lips at the thought of all that money. 一想到那么多的钱，他就有些迫不及待了。
[lɪk] verb
lick your wounds
■to spend time getting back your strength or happiness after a defeat or bad experience 养伤，休整；重整旗鼓
[lɪk] noun
HIT 打击
countable old-fashioned informal
■when you hit someone with something such as a whip 抽打，鞭打
[lɪk] noun
SPEED 速度
at a hell of lick UK informal
■at a fast speed 快速，飞速
• The trains go by at a hell of a lick. 火车疾驰而过。
[lɪk] noun
SMALL AMOUNT 少量
countable informal
■a small amount or thin layer 少量；薄层
• The living room could do with a lick of paint. 客厅薄薄地刷一层油漆就行了。
[lɪk] noun
MUSIC 音乐
countable specialized
■in jazz or rock music, a short series of notes played by one musician （爵士乐或摇滚乐中的）小过门
[lɪk] noun
TONGUE 舌头
countable
■the action of licking something 舔，舐
• Can I have a lick of your ice cream? 我可以尝一口你的霜淇淋吗？
[lɪk] noun
a lick and a promise old-fashioned informal
■a quick and careless cleaning or wash 匆匆打扫，草草洗涮
vt. 舔；卷过；鞭打
 - tongue, hide
n. 舔；打；少许
 - hit, little, touch, beating

Word: suffrage
Front: suffrage
[ˈsʌfrɪdʒ] (托宝 16498/10761)
Vocabulary: suffrage
(once / 333 pages)
n
Suffrage is the right to vote in public elections. Universal suffrage means everyone gets to vote, as opposed to only men, or property holders. Suffrage has nothing to do with "suffering," unless the wrong person is elected.
Female supporters of women's suffrage in 1906 were called suffragettes, because the French suffix –ette was trendy back then. But nowadays words with -ette are shunned because they imply the inferiority of women. So it seems that female supporters of a woman's right to vote were referred to by a sexist term.
WORD FAMILY
suffrage: suffrages, suffragette, suffragism, suffragist +/suffragette: suffragettes/ suffragist: suffragists
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the suffrage is also extended to a special class of citizen, whose number during the voting window was 58: past Heisman winners.
New York Times(Dec 09, 2016)
Powers, was a leading progressive clergyman in bustling Seattle back in the day, supporting the women’s suffrage movement, among other causes, with prayer and speeches.
Washington Times(Dec 03, 2016)
But she did not believe in women’s suffrage, nor did she believe that women could do all professions just as well as men.
Time(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. （政治性选举的）选举权，投票权
分布：选举权(45%)，投票(40%)，参政权(15%)
→来自拉丁语 suffragium,投票，投票权，支持，来自 suffragari,投票，给予支持，来自 sub,在 下，向上，-frag,碎开，碎片，词源同 break,fragment.来自古希腊古罗马时期用碎瓦片碎骨片 投票的习俗。比较 ostracism,用碎骨片投票驱逐。
投票,投票权(suf在下面+frage→打碎器皿庆祝胜利→表示赞成→投票)[fract,frang=break,表示"打碎"]
【记】suff下面，rage（n 愤怒），因为没有得到选举权
noun uncountable
■the right to vote in an election, especially for representatives in a parliament or similar organization （尤指选举议会等机构代表的）选举权，投票权
• universal suffrage (= the right of all adults to vote) 普选权
n. 选举权；投票；参政权；代祷；赞成票
 - poll, referendums

Word: frugal
Front: frugal
[ˈfru:gl] (托雅宝 16538/20724 -1)
Vocabulary: frugal
(once / 1326 pages)
adj
A person who lives simply and economically can be called frugal. Buying clothes at a consignment shop would be considered frugal. Not getting your mom a gift for her birthday — that's just cheap.
Thrifty, spartan, and prudent are synonyms for frugal, a word that often has positive connotations when used to describe a person who lives a simple life. "The question for retailers is whether shoppers will remain frugal or slowly resume their old spending habits whenever they get more money in their pockets," wrote The Wall Street Journal. You might also speak of "a frugal meal" — a very plain, cheap one. The word is from Latin frux, meaning "fruit" (in the sense of "profit").
WORD FAMILY
frugal: frugalest, frugality, frugally, frugalness+/ frugality: frugalities
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Ahmeds were so frugal that their benefactors sometimes worried whether they were buying enough to eat.
New York Times(Jun 30, 2016)
Why Inditex is different remains slightly mysterious, partly because its financial disclosure is so frugal.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Ma says he is more frugal than his friends.
Reuters(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: adj. 节省的，节俭的; 朴素的; 花钱少的; 约
分布：节俭的(92%)，省钱的(8%)
→来自fructus, 果实，词源同fruit. 原义为丰产的，丰富的，衍生词义节约的，节俭的，即节俭才能富裕之义。比较thrive, 繁盛，thrift，节俭。
【反】sumptuous（adj 奢侈华丽的）；prodigal（adj 浪费的）
adjective
■careful when using money or food, or (of a meal) cheap or small in amount 节俭的；朴素的；（食物）简单的，廉价的
• a frugal lifestyle 节俭的生活方式
• a frugal meal of bread and soup 只有面包和汤的便宜饭食
adj. 节俭的；朴素的；花钱少的
 - plain, provident

Word: entryway
Front: entryway
['entrɪweɪ] (16421/-)
Vocabulary: entryway
(once / 55490 pages)
n
An entryway is the door, passage, or general area of a building's entrance. The entryway of your vet's office might be decorated with pictures of dogs and cats.
The opening, doorway, or small room you pass through on your way inside a house or building is called an entryway. The entryway to your house might be a very small area with a coat closet and a mirror, while the entryway of a palace is probably quite grand, and the town library's entryway might have book return slots and a security system to ensure no books get stolen.
WORD FAMILY
entryway: entryways
USAGE EXAMPLES
As the Town Hall candy house was placed on an entryway table, residents gathered closer.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
At Walt Disney Concert Hall downtown, sculptural clouds lighted from within and showering choral music, hung over the entryway escalators.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Peeking into a once-grand entryway, now draped in poverty, I saw a ramshackle spiral staircase leading into what seemed like a dark attic.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 入口通道
分布：入口(100%)
noun countable US for passage (CONNECTING WAY)

Word: scrimmage
Front: scrimmage
[ˈskrɪmɪdʒ] (16484/-)
Vocabulary: scrimmage
(once / 3663 pages)
nv
A scrimmage is a practice — not an official game — in American football, hockey, and in other team sports.
You might think of football when you hear the word scrimmage, because the ball is placed on the "line of scrimmage" at the start of a play. A scrimmage is also a practice between two squads. You can also use scrimmage as a verb for other types of practicing. A basketball player might scrimmage by shooting one hundred free throws, for example. Originally, scrimmage was a variation on the word skirmish, and meant "a confused struggle between players."
WORD FAMILY
scrimmage: scrimmaged, scrimmages, scrimmaging
USAGE EXAMPLES
The injury ended his NFL record string of at least 100 yards from scrimmage in each of the first 15 games of a season.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
He also finished the year with 1,212 total yards from scrimmage.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The Raiders started strong, with a rushing touchdown on their second play from scrimmage.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. & v. 混战，并列争球
时态：scrimmaged, scrimmaging, scrimmages
分布：混战(69%)，并列争球(25%)，参加混战(6%)
noun countable
■a fight 混战；打斗
US
■a practice game of American football （美式橄榄球的）教学比赛，队内分组比赛
n. 混战；并列争球
 - melee, mix-up
vi. 混战
 - battle royal

Word: clot
Front: clot
[klɒt] (托宝 13223/19991 -1)
Vocabulary: clot
(once / 2546 pages)
nv
A clot is a mass of coagulated blood. It's your body's way of repairing itself, stopping blood from flowing and beginning to heal a wound.
You can use the noun clot for any liquid that forms a solid lump or mass, though it's usually a medical term specifically related to blood. Some clots are useful, like the ones that form on skin that's been cut, while others — like those that occur inside blood vessels — can be harmful. Clot can also be a verb, meaning to clog or coagulate. The root is the German word Klotz, which means "lump or block."
WORD FAMILY
clot: clots, clotted, clotting
USAGE EXAMPLES
At various points of time, doctors diagnosed Stephanie with an enlarged heart, a blood clot and severe liver and kidney damage.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Garry Shandling died from a blood clot in his heart, officials said Tuesday, more than seven months after the comedian's unexpected death.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 27, 2016)
She thought it was allergies, but doctors later found blood clots in her legs and lungs.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 凝结; 拥塞
n. 凝块; （人，动物等的）聚集
时态：clotted, clotting, clots
分布：凝块(57%)，凝结(28%)，阻塞(12%)，一群(3%)
→词源同clod,clump,cloud.指各种大块状的东西。
【记】c读：咳，lot一大块，咳嗽出一大块血－凝块
【参】cloy（v 甜得发腻）；colt（n 小马）；slot（n 狭缝；投币口）
US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PIECE 块
■an almost solid piece of something 凝块
• He had a blood clot removed from his brain. 他颅内的一个血块被取了出来。
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] noun countable
PERSON 人 UK old-fashioned informal
■a stupid person 笨蛋，傻瓜
• Look what you've done, you clot! 看看你做了甚么，笨蛋！
UK [klɒt] US [klɑ:t] verb intransitive (-tt-)
■to form clots 凝结成块
• He was rushed into hospital because his blood wasn't clotting properly. 他被匆忙送进医院，因为他的血液不能正常凝结。
• an anti-(blood) clotting agent 抗凝血剂
vi. 凝结
 - concrete, to freeze
n. [生理] 凝块
 - gob, grume
vt. 使凝结成块
 - clump

Word: geranium
Front: geranium
[dʒəˈreɪniəm] (16530/15874 -1)
Back: n. 天竺葵; 老鹳草; [色彩] 鲜红色
分布：老鹳草属植物(50%)，鲜红色(50%)
→词源同crane, 鹤，因其籽荚形似鹤嘴而得名。比较corbel.
noun countable
■a plant with red, pink or white flowers, often grown in containers and gardens 天竺葵

Word: misrepresentation
Front: misrepresentation
[ˌmɪsˌreprɪzen'teɪʃn] (宝 16528/12758)
Vocabulary: misrepresentation
(once / 3199 pages)
n
A misrepresentation is when you misrepresent, or lie about, something that happened. If you say you were the quarter back of the football team but really you were the mascot, that’s a misrepresentation.
A misrepresentation is a misstatement of the facts. It’s more than casting a different light on something; it’s deceptive and untrue. It’s a misrepresentation to tell your parents you went to the principal’s office to talk about books if you really got sent there for talking in class. Misrepresentations are deliberately misleading. They’re lies.
WORD FAMILY
misrepresentation: misrepresentations+/ misrepresent: misrepresentation, misrepresented, misrepresenting, misrepresents/ represent: misrepresent, representable, representation, representative, represented, representing, represents/ representation: representational, representations/representational: nonrepresentational, representationally/ representative: nonrepresentative, representatively, representatives, unrepresentative/unrepresentative: unrepresentatively
USAGE EXAMPLES
“To think otherwise is a complete misrepresentation of the movement that united Americans from all backgrounds,” the statement said.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Those misrepresentations might sound like a slight, but that couldn’t be further from the truth.
Time(Nov 29, 2016)
The scientists who deny endocrine disruption and dismiss the expert reviews on EDCs make many scientific inaccuracies and misrepresentations.
Nature(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 误传
分布：不实的陈述(50%)，误称(50%)
noun countable or uncountable
■something which misrepresents an idea, situation or opinion or when something is misrepresented （对思想、情况或意见的）歪曲，扭曲；歪曲（思想、情况或意见）的表述、报道等物
• The documentary was a misrepresentation of the truth and bore little resemblance to actual events. 这部纪录片是对事实的歪曲，几乎与事实毫无相符之处。
• The MP laughed off the remarks as media misrepresentation. 这名下议院议员对这些评论一笑置之，说是媒体歪曲事实。
n. 歪曲；误传
 - violence, falsification

Word: rusher
Front: rusher
['rʌʃə] (16462/-)
Back: [体]猛攻运动员
分布：猛冲者(100%)

Word: callous
Front: callous
[ˈkæləs] (托宝 16457/14171 -1)
Vocabulary: callous
(once / 1717 pages)
adjv
A callous person is insensitive or emotionally hardened. If you laugh at your little sister while she's trying to show you her poetry, you're being callous.
Callous comes from the Latin root callum for hard skin. If you walk barefoot a lot, your feet will become calloused. We usually use callous in the metaphorical sense for emotionally hardened. If someone is unmoved by other people's problems, you might say he shows a callous indifference to human suffering.
WORD FAMILY
callous: callosity, calloused, callouses, callousing, callously, callousness+/callosity: callosities/callousness: callousnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
Trying to shoehorn nerddom into identity politics shows callous ignorance for the systemic and daily oppression faced by genuinely marginalised people.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Downie’s brave show of stoic allyship was a stirring contrast to the callous self-interest white voters showed at the polls this fall.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
But the judge called the shooting callous and unprovoked and noted that some victims were shot in the back.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 硬结的，长茧的; 铁石心肠的，无情的
vt. （使）变硬，（使）起茧; （使）冷酷无情
时态：calloused, callousing, callouses
分布：无情的(62%)，麻木的(17%)，起老茧的(13%)，硬结的(8%)
→词源同callus, 老茧，硬的。比喻无感情的，冷漠的。
冷漠的,无感觉的[all=hard skin(硬皮)]
【记】读音酷似卡洛斯（巴西队左后卫，现役皇家马德里左后卫，有一只黄金左脚，任意球奇准无比）。有一次我与他踢球，我问他，为什么你的任意球踢得那么好，他二话没说，把鞋脱了，当时我只是看到了一层厚厚的（老茧）。他说这是每天练一千个任意球的结果，所以每当我罚球的时候，我都会（无情的）对准对方大门的死角。嘿嘿，希望大家在背单词的时候也能有这种精神，把嘴上、手上都磨出厚厚的老茧，你就会成为世界级的单词高手。
【参】callus（n 老茧）；calloused（adj 无感觉的；茧子的）
【反】sympathetic（adj 有同情心的）
adjective
■unkind or cruel; without sympathy or feeling for other people 冷酷无情的；无同情心的，麻木不仁的
• It might sound callous, but I don't care if he's homeless. He's not living with me! 这也许听起来很无情，可我并不在乎他是否无家可归。他又不是和我住在一起！
adj. 无情的；麻木的；硬结的；起老茧的
 - stupid, asleep, relentless, ruthless
vi. 变得冷酷无情；结茧；变硬
 - spin cocoons
n. 硬皮；老茧
 - incrustate

Word: pubic
Front: pubic
[ˈpju:bɪk] (16539/21312)
Back: adj. 阴毛的，阴部的，耻骨的
分布：耻骨的(36%)，阴毛的(32%)，阴部的(32%)
→来自pubis,耻骨区，-ic,形容词后缀。
adjective [before noun]
■of or near the sexual organs on the outside of a person's body （靠近）阴部的
• pubic hair 阴毛
• the pubic area 阴部
adj. 耻骨的；阴毛的；阴部的
 - pudendal

Word: twinkle
Front: twinkle
[ˈtwɪŋkl] (研四六雅 12769/12893 -1)
Back: vi. 闪烁; （眼睛）闪亮; 经光照耀而)闪闪发光; （舞蹈者的双脚）轻快地移动
vt. 闪闪发出; 使闪烁; 使闪亮; 使轻快地移动
n. 闪光; 瞬间，一刹那; （眼睛的）闪亮; （脚的）轻快移动
时态：twinkled, twinkling, twinkles
分布：闪烁(55%)，闪耀(22%)，眨眼(11%)，使闪耀(6%)，轻快移动(4%)，瞬息(2%)
→来自 twink,闪烁，闪耀，-le,表反复。
vi.(星等)闪烁,(眼情)发亮n.闪烁,闪光The stars twinkled in the sky.繁星在天空闪烁.
verb intransitive
■(of light or a shiny surface) to shine repeatedly strongly then weakly, as if flashing on and off very quickly 闪烁，闪耀
• The lights of the town twinkled in the distance. 城镇的灯火在远处闪烁。
• The stars twinkled in the clear sky. 星星在晴朗的夜空中闪烁。
• His brown eyes twinkled behind the gold-rimmed glasses. 他棕色的眼睛在金框眼镜后面闪闪发光。
['twɪŋ.kl] noun only singular
■when something twinkles 闪烁，闪耀
• the twinkle of the stars/lights/diamonds 星星的闪烁／灯火的闪耀／钻石的闪亮
• He was holding the phone with a mischievous twinkle in his eye (= expression of amusement). 他手持电话，眼里闪着一丝狡黠的目光。
['twɪŋ.kl] noun only singular
when sb was a (mere) twinkle in their father's eye humorous
■at a time before someone was born 在（某人）还未出世的时候
flash, sparkle, glow, gleam, twinkle, glitter
这组词都有“闪光，闪烁，闪亮”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出随即消失的闪光，如闪电的光。
sparkle: 指发出闪动的光或火星。
glow: 指像熔铁余烬等发出的明亮、强烈、夺目的光。
gleam: 指透过间隔物或映衬于较暗背景上的微弱光线。也指闪光。
twinkle: 指断断续续或摇晃不定的灿烂闪光。
glitter: 指连续发出的闪烁不定的光，有时含贬义。
flash, glare, blaze, glow, flare, light, twinkle, glitter, flame
这组词都有“火焰、烈火、光”的意思，其区别是：
flash: 指突然发出而随即消失的闪光。
glare: 指眩目的光。
blaze: 指猛烈燃烧所发生强烈的光。
glow: 指像冶炼铁和钢时发出的红光。
flare: 指摇曳的火焰。
light: 普通用词，指日、月、星或灯等的光。
twinkle: 指如星光等的闪烁。
glitter: 指连续发出闪烁不定的光。
flame: 指一条或多条火舌，多用复数形式，指由许多火舌构成的大火。
vi. 闪烁；发亮
 - lamp, spark
vt. 使闪耀；闪耀
 - flare, shine on
n. 闪烁
 - scintillation, lambency

Word: snort
Front: snort
[snɔ:t] (8284/10771 -1)
Vocabulary: snort
(once / 846 pages)
nv
A snort is a sound you make by suddenly exhaling through your nose, especially if you're disgusted by something. Your response to your little brother's tempter tantrum might be a disdainful snort.
You can use the word snort as a noun or a verb — students might find it hard not to snort when they're listening to a boring and endless lecture by their vice principal. You and your friends may also snort with contempt when you're watching a really bad movie. In the fourteenth century, to snort meant to snore — it wasn't until the 1800's that snort came to mean "verbally express contempt."
WORD FAMILY
snort: snorted, snorter, snorting, snorts, snorty+/snorter: snorters/snorting: snortings
USAGE EXAMPLES
In any case, no one was off in a corner snorting some white powder.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
A pack of pugs did what pugs normally do: They sat and snorted.
Washington Times(Dec 13, 2016)
“With all due respect”: “Prepare, as I snort in your general direction.”
Washington Post(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: v. 用鼻子哼（以表示不耐烦，轻蔑等）; （马等）喷响鼻子; （轻蔑、愤怒时）高声大笑; 汽锅)喷汽
n. 喷鼻息，鼻息声; 〈美俚〉一口酒
时态：snorted, snorting, snorts
分布：鼻息声(35%)，发哼声(33%)，哼着鼻子(16%)，喷鼻息作声(16%)
US [snɔ:rt] verb
intransitive
■to make an explosive sound by forcing air quickly up or down the nose 喷鼻息，从鼻中喷气作声
• He did an impression of a horse snorting. 他模仿了马喷鼻息的声音。
• Camille snorts when she laughs. 卡米尔大笑的时候鼻腔里会发出怪声。
• informal By this time I was snorting with laughter (= laughing a lot and loudly). 这时我不禁扑哧一声笑起来。
transitive
■to take an illegal drug by breathing it in through the nose 用鼻子吸（毒）
• People were snorting cocaine in the toilets. 人们在厕所里吸古柯碱。
transitive
■to suddenly express strong feelings of anger, disapproval or disagreement, either by speaking or in a sound that you make （表示恼怒、反对或不耐烦）哼，气哼哼地说
• "And you call that a first class service?" snorted one indignant customer. “你就把那称作一流服务？”一位愤怒的顾客气冲冲地问道。
UK [snɔ:t] US [snɔ:rt] noun countable
■a loud sound made by forcing air through the nose 鼻息声，喷鼻息，哼声
• The minister's speech drew loud snorts of derisive laughter. 部长的演讲招来了人们的大声哄笑。
vt. 喷出；发哼声；吸毒品
 - belch out, spout out

Word: rudder
Front: rudder
[ˈrʌdə(r)] (宝 16535/13060 -1)
Vocabulary: rudder
(once / 1636 pages)
n
A rudder is an important part of a ship, boat, or airplane's steering system. If your rudder is out of whack, you may end up somewhere that you don't want to be!
A ship's rudder is a flat sheet attached to the stern (or back), that moves back and forth as the captain steers. It works by directing the water to move past the ship in a certain way, pushing the front of the vessel to the right or left. On an airplane, the rudder works the same way, but by directing the flow of air instead, so the plane turns to the left or right. The word rudder comes from the Old English roðor, "paddle or oar," from a Germanic root meaning "tool for steering."
WORD FAMILY
rudder: rudder-like, rudderless, rudders
USAGE EXAMPLES
At 21:05 he dropped the torpedo which hit its target, jamming the rudder of Hitler's flagship.
BBC(Dec 12, 2016)
It uses pallets dropped by parachute and guided by GPS navigation and a rudder.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Spencer is due to speak at Rudder Tower on the university campus.
The Guardian(Nov 28, 2016)
Back: n. 船舵; [航]方向舵; [动]尾羽; 指导人
分布：舵(78%)，方向舵(20%)，指导原则(2%)
→来自古英语 rothor,舵，来自 Proto-Germanic*rothru,舵，来自*ro,划，划船，词源同 row,-thor, 工具格后缀，词源同 tether,weather.古英语-th-简化为-d-,比较 burden,来自古英语 byrthen.
【记】rudder当“舵”讲大家很熟，掌舵的人就是企业的领导者。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a flat piece of wood or metal at the back of a boat or aircraft, which is moved from side to side in order to control the direction of travel 舵；方向舵

Word: wannabe
Front: wannabe
[ˈwɒnəbi] (17487/45111)
Back: n. 赶超崇拜者，赶超崇拜者的人
分布：赶超崇拜者的人(50%)，模仿者(25%)，=wannabee.(25%)
US ['wɑ:.nə-] informal disapproving
noun countable adjective
■a person who is trying to achieve success or fame, usually unsuccessfully 梦想成功（或出名）者
• The bar is frequented by wannabe actresses and film directors. 这家酒吧经常有梦想成名的女演员和电影导演光顾。
adj. 想要成为的；自封的
 - self-appointed, would-be

Word: armament
Front: armament
[ˈɑ:məmənt] (托 16549/11869 -1)
Vocabulary: armament
(once / 1329 pages)
n
Use the noun armament to talk about the kind of weapons that armies use when they wage wars. A tank, for example, is an armament.
The word armament is good for describing heavy duty weaponry and the equipment that's associated with it, like bombs, fighter jets, tanks, and assault rifles. It's even more common to use the plural form, armaments. In the seventeenth century, the word was mainly used to mean "naval force equipped for war," and it comes from the Latin root armare, "to arm, or to furnish with weapons."
WORD FAMILY
armament: armaments+/ arm: armament, armed, armful, arming, armless, armlet, armlike, armor, arms, disarm, forearm, overarm, re-arm, rearm, unarm, underarm/ armful: armfuls/arming: armings/armlet: armlets/ armor: armored, armorer, armoring, armors/armored: unarmored/armorer: armorers/ disarm: disarmament, disarmed, disarmer, disarming, disarms/disarmament: disarmaments/disarmer: disarmers/ disarming: disarmingly, disarmings/forearm: forearmed, forearming, forearms/rearm: rearmament, rearmed, rearming, rearms/rearmament: rearmaments/unarm: unarmed, unarming, unarms/underarm: underarms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It was the symbolic strength of his movement, not the armaments under Mr. Castro’s control, that overwhelmed the government.
New York Times(Nov 26, 2016)
“And you get to work on something with armaments, not just commercial jets with passengers flying on them.”
Washington Times(Nov 13, 2016)
With better armaments and financing compared to regular army units, it carries out raids and arrests among suspected al-Qaida militants.
Seattle Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: n. 军备; 武器装备; [复]军事力量; 军队
分布：武器(55%)，军备(35%)，备战(10%)
军队;兵器(arm+a+ment→武器→兵器)[arm=weapon,表示"武器"]
US ['ɑ:r-] noun
uncountable
■the process of increasing the number and strength of a country's weapons 武装；战备
• As the country prepares for war, more and more money is being spent on armament. 这个国家准备开战，军备开支越来越大。
armaments [plural]
■weapons or military equipment 武器；军备
• the country's armaments programme 这个国家的军备计划
arms, wepon, armament
这些名词均含有“武器、兵器”之意。
arms: 指士兵使用的具体的武器，如枪、炮等。
wepon: 普通用词，含义广泛，从随手可得的棍棒石头到各种枪炮，甚至原子弹等都可称为weapon，还可作引申用。
armament: 多用复数形式，指军队的武器装备。书面用词。
n. 武器； [军] 军备
 - weapon, arm

Word: user-friendly
Front: user-friendly
['ju:zə 'frendlɪ] (-1)
Vocabulary: user-friendly
(once / 41183 pages)
adj
A gadget that is user-friendly is easy to use. User-friendly devices can be used quickly, even if you haven't used anything like it before.
Have you ever tried to use something like a video camera and had a hard time figuring out how to use it, even after reading the instructions? Devices that are difficult to use are not user-friendly. A user-friendly device is easy to figure out. The designer has thought about how a new user would approach it and has made the experience simple. Just about anyone can pick a user-friendly device up and start using it.
WORD FAMILY
user-friendly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Along with a photo of women in skimpy vest tops it warned that "not all quadcopters are user-friendly to novices, especially ladies".
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
We recommend these user-friendly bluetooth headphones for your active friend with lots of playlists and no headphone jack.
Time(Dec 08, 2016)
It provides a user-friendly mobile app and software that allows virtual perusal and calling in of items.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 用户界面友好的，用户容易掌握使用的
分布：用户友好的(40%)，容易操作的(40%)，好用的(20%)
US [-zɚ-] adjective
■If something, especially something related to a computer, is user-friendly, it is simple for people to use （尤指与电脑相关的产品）方便用户的，易于使用的
• a user-friendly interface/printer 简便易用的介面／印表机
• a user-friendly instruction manual 简单易懂的使用手册

Word: kindle
Front: kindle
[ˈkɪndl] (六托雅宝 16468/19245)
Vocabulary: kindle
(once / 327 pages)
v
When you start a fire burning, you can say you kindle the fire. Knowing how to kindle a campfire is an important survival skill. It can help keep you warm at night, and keep you from eating cold beans for dinner.
The verb kindle not only means to start a fire, but also to catch fire. Another meaning for kindle is to arouse interest or passion. A dynamic music teacher could kindle the students' interest in learning an instrument. Or, romance can also be kindled: "As they danced together, a spark of romance kindled between them."
WORD FAMILY
kindle: enkindle, kindled, kindles, kindling, rekindle +/enkindle: enkindled, enkindles, enkindling/kindled: unkindled/ kindling: kindlings/ rekindle: rekindled, rekindles, rekindling
USAGE EXAMPLES
Donnell Booker Jr. tore through the wrapping paper on Christmas morning, revealing a seven-inch Kindle Fire and a smile nearly as wide.
Washington Post(Dec 25, 2016)
Bill, he enrolled in the University of Oregon, where his courses on architectural drawing and design kindled an interest in painting.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
About a half dozen young patients joined along Tuesday; all of them received Amazon Kindles.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 点燃，照耀; 煽动，鼓舞; 着火; 发亮
n. 电子书阅读器
时态：kindled, kindling, kindles
分布：激起(43%)，燃烧(33%)，发亮(16%)，使 ... 着火(8%)
→来自中古英语cundel,来自古诺斯语kynda,来自Proto-Germanic*kundijana,点燃，可能来自kand,燃烧，照耀，词源同candle,candid.-le,表反复。
【记】源于candle（n 蜡烛）
【参】rekindle（v 重新点燃）
【反】extinguish（v 熄灭；使黯然失色）；
verb
FIRE 燃点
transitive
■to cause a fire to start burning by lighting paper, wood etc. 燃点
['kɪn.dl] verb
FEELING 感觉
transitive often passive literary
■to cause strong feelings or ideas in someone 激起（热情等）；使产生想法
• Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her. 她祖母给她讲述的精彩故事激发了她的想像力。
ignite, light, fire, kindle
这组词都有“点燃、着火”的意思，其区别是：
ignite: 多用于科技文体，指使某物受热直到燃烧或发光，也可指用火花使易燃物迅速燃烧起来。
light: 普通用词，指点燃易燃物，使其能发光，满足各种需要。
fire: 普通用词，指将某物点燃使其燃烧起来，火势可大可小。
kindle: 指艰难或缓慢地把可燃料点燃，可用于比喻。
vt. 点燃；激起；照亮
 - lamp, emblaze
vi. 发亮；着火；激动起来
 - lamp, brighten up

Word: syphilis
Front: syphilis
[ˈsɪfɪlɪs] (16554/13274)
Back: n. 梅毒
分布：梅毒(100%)
→来自 1530 年出版于意大利的一首拉丁语诗《Syphilis,sive Morbus Gallicus》，翻译成英语即 “Syphilis,or the French Disease”，来自 Syphilis,人名，sive,或者，Morbus,病，词源同 morbid, 病态的，Gallicus,高卢。该诗讲述了一个叫 Syphilis 的牧羊人得了梅毒的故事，可能为欧洲 历史上第一个得此病的人。这首诗的创作背景如下：在 1494 年，法国入侵意大利，同年或 在 1495 年，在意大利那不勒斯发生了欧洲历史上第一次梅毒的大规模爆发，那不勒斯人坚 定认为该传染病是由法国军队入侵带来的，因此也就称之为“法国病”。后 1530 年，意大 利医生和诗人 Girolamo Fracastoro 创作了该诗歌，描述了该病在意大利的肆虐成灾，而 Syphilis 也成为梅毒的代名词。
noun uncountable
■a venereal disease (= disease caught during sexual activity with an infected person) which spreads slowly from the sex organs to all parts of the body 梅毒
n. [性病] 梅毒
 - siff, lues

Word: unsteady
Front: unsteady
[ʌnˈstedi] (16547/15751 -K)
Back: adj. 不坚固的; 不一贯的; 摇晃的; 无常的
分布：不稳定(70%)，不稳定的(19%)，不规则的(5%)，动摇(3%)，不一致的(1%)，颤动的(1%)，易变的(1%)
adjective
■moving slightly from side to side, as if you might fall 摇晃的；站不稳的
• She's been in bed with the flu and she's still a bit unsteady on her feet. 她患流感时一直卧床，现在还有些站不稳。
adj. [计] 不稳定的；不规则的；摇摆的；无常的
 - abnormal, uncertain, volatile
vt. 使不稳定；动摇
 - shake, labilize

Word: envisage
Front: envisage
[ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ] (研六雅宝 16510/3832 -2)
Vocabulary: envisage
(once / 6797 pages)
v
Martin Luther King Jr. envisaged a time when black and white Americans would no longer be segregated by race. To envisage is to imagine something that does not yet exist.
The words envisage and envision share the same Latin root meaning to see. Both words are very similar in meaning but do have slight shades of difference. If you envision something happening, you can see it happening in your mind. I'm sure you can envision yourself graduating from high school! If you envisage something, you can imagine it, but not necessarily see it. You can envisage world peace, but it may be harder to envision it.
WORD FAMILY
envisage: envisaged, envisages, envisaging+/ visage: envisage, visages
USAGE EXAMPLES
The patent also envisages a series of support vehicles that would be used to restock the flying structures.
BBC(Dec 29, 2016)
The plan envisaged a ceasefire followed by a national unity government and constitutional reform aimed at constraining presidential powers.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
He envisaged a group of landmark buildings by the world’s most prominent architects.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: vt. 想像，设想; 正视，面对; 观察，展望
时态：envisaged, envisaging, envisages
分布：想像(57%)，面对(43%)
→en-,进入，使，-vis,看，词源同video,visage.
v.想象,设想,展望,正视He envisaged living in Parie.他想像在巴黎的生活.
【记】visage（n 面貌；容貌）；en进入，vis看，age年龄－进入看得见的年龄，就是有远见的人了，应该学会正视事实，设想未来。
【参】envision（vt 想象；预想）；
(US also envision) slightly formal
verb transitive
■to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good 设想；展望，预计
• Train fare increases of 5% are envisaged for the next year. 预计明年火车票价将会上涨5%。
• [+ that] It 's envisaged that the building will start at the end of this year. 预计大楼将在今年年底动工。
• [+ -ing verb] When do you envisage finishing the project? 你预计工程甚么时候竣工？
• [+ question word] It 's hard to envisage how it might happen. 真是难以设想怎么会发生这种事情。
■to form a mental picture of something or someone you have never seen 想像
• He wasn't what I'd expected - I'd envisaged someone much taller. 他和我所期待的不一样——想像中他的个头应该高得多。
vt. 正视，面对；想像
 - imagine, picture, think of

Word: cornstarch
Front: cornstarch
[ˈkɔ:nstɑ:tʃ] (16490/-)
Back: n. 玉米淀粉
分布：玉蜀黍淀粉(100%)
US ['kɔ:rn.stɑ:rtʃ] noun uncountable US for cornflour
n. 玉米淀粉；玉蜀黍淀粉
 - maize starch

Word: illustrious
Front: illustrious
[ɪˈlʌstriəs] (托宝 16464/13934 -1)
Vocabulary: illustrious
(once / 427 pages)
adj
Something that's Illustrious is well known or famous, leaving a trail of glory in its wake. An illustrious career, for example, is full of impressive achievements and celebrated contributions to society.
Coming from the Latin illustris, meaning “bright, distinguished, famous,” illustrious is a powerful adjective. It's similar to luster, which is a brilliant shine — so imagine that something illustrious is as wonderful as a sparkling diamond. Use this word to describe the career or reputation of someone really successful, like a bestselling author or business mogul.
WORD FAMILY
illustrious: illustriouser, illustriously, illustriousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
He coasted across the finish line for one of the most stunning gulps of milk in the history of the illustrious race.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Actors were playing convicts who were bringing to life Shakespeare’s illustrious dramatis personae.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Even in the ’50s now she was illustrious enough to play characters based on herself.
Time(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 著名的; 杰出的，卓越的; 辉煌的; 显赫
分布：杰出的(61%)，著名的(39%)
→il-,进入，使，luster,发光，光泽。即发光的，引申词义著名的。
辉煌的;著名的(il一再+lustr+ious一再光明→辉煌的)[luc,lust=light,shine,表示"光,照亮"]
[ɪ'lʌs.tri.əs] formal
adjective
■famous, well respected and admired 著名的；卓越的
• She comes from an illustrious political family which includes two former Cabinet ministers. 她出身政治世家，家中曾出过两位内阁大臣。
adj. 著名的，杰出的；辉煌的
 - famous, noted, excellent, prominent, brilliant

Word: mediocrity
Front: mediocrity
[ˌmi:diˈɒkrəti] (宝 16550/19205 -1)
Vocabulary: mediocrity
(once / 2813 pages)
n
The noun mediocrity means the quality of being average or ordinary. You can't be great at everything — in some areas, we all fall into mediocrity.
Mediocrity, pronounced "me-dee-AH-crih-tee," has Latin parts that together literally mean "halfway up the mountain." You can see how it still applies — in climbing the mountain — or ladder — of success, mediocrity is in the middle, neither leading the pack nor sprawling on ground, giving up. Such of person of this middle-level of success can also be called a mediocrity. That's a second definition of the word.
WORD FAMILY
mediocrity: mediocrities+/ mediocre: mediocrely, mediocrity
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you think he won’t live up to his lofty draft status, you will say he is en route to continued mediocrity.
Washington Post(Dec 27, 2016)
Although some students receive a world-class education, many get mediocrity or worse.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
In fact, it’s best to hope for one of the things that rankles you most about the Wizards: a return to mediocrity.
Washington Post(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 平庸，平凡; 庸人; 平平常常的才能
分布：平庸之才(54%)，平常(46%)
→来自mediocre,普通的，平庸的。
【记】源于：mediocre（adj 普普通通的），medi中间，ocre状态－中间状态－平庸的
【反】virtuosity（n 艺术鉴别力）
US [-'ɑ:.krə.tˌi] noun countable or uncountable
■the quality of being not very good; a person who is not very good at something 平庸；平庸之材
• A goal just before half-time rescued the match from mediocrity. 在半场快要结束时的一个进球使这场比赛没有流于平庸。
• These people are just mediocrities (= people who do not have much skill or ability at anything). 这些人只是平庸之辈。
n. 平庸之才；平常
 - ordinariness

Word: decrepit
Front: decrepit
[dɪˈkrepɪt] (托雅宝 16566/19107)
Vocabulary: decrepit
(once / 3638 pages)
adj
That building falling down on the corner of your block? It's decrepit. So is the old man who lives there, if he is weak from age. Decrepit means broken down by hard use.
Decrepit implies that something or someone is a weak, and run down — practically falling apart. It's really not a nice word to use about a person. If you are trying to say the same thing about a person, but more nicely, you might use the word, feeble, which means weak, but not disastrously falling apart.
WORD FAMILY
decrepit: decrepitly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He founded a church, and with the small congregation renovated a decrepit 43-unit apartment building on Belmont Street NW.
Washington Post(Dec 10, 2016)
Oil shipments from China are critical to keep the decrepit North Korean economy functioning.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 01, 2016)
He’ll have to make politically fraught decisions about a U.S. nuclear arsenal that in some ways has become decrepit.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 衰老的，老朽的，破旧的; 头童齿豁; 衰朽; 蓬头历齿
分布：破旧的(60%)，衰老的(40%)
衰老的(脾气不再火爆)[crepit=burst(爆裂)]
【记】de向下，crepit破裂－破裂掉－破旧的dec12月，repit＝repeat重复：总是重复12月，共100次，你就是百岁老人了－衰老的de向下，crep＝creep爬（ee和p同水平）：只能爬了－衰老的
【参】decrepitude（n 衰老）；decrepitated（vi 发出响声地烧矿石）
【反】sturdy（adj 强健的）；vigorous（adj 精力旺盛的；健壮的）；sound（adj 健康的）；robust（adj 精力充沛的）；hale（adj 矍铄的）
adjective
■in very bad condition because of being old, or not having been cared for, or having been used a lot 破旧的，年久失修的；破烂不堪的；老朽的
• Most of the buildings were old and decrepit. 这些建筑物大多数又老又破。
• A decrepit old man sat on a park bench.
adj. 衰老的；破旧的
 - shot, anile

Word: LSD
Front: LSD
[.el es 'diː] (14570/16600 -1)
Back: abbr. 大屏显示（Large Screen Display）；激光信号装置（Laser Signal Device）；最小显著差别（Least Significant Difference）；最低有效位（Least Significant Digit）；麦角酸二乙基酰胺（一种麻醉药，lysergic acid diethylamide）
分布：迷幻药(100%)
[ˌel.es'di:] (slang acid)
noun uncountable
■an illegal drug which causes people who use it to see the world differently from the way it really is or to see things that do not really exist 迷幻药

Word: mitten
Front: mitten
[ˈmɪtn] (六宝 16533/35425)
Back: n. 连指手套; 露指手套
分布：求婚拒绝(100%)
→来自古法语mite,露指手套，来自拉丁语medius,中间的，词源同middle,medial.即半手套。
【记】MIT，ten十：MIT的人的ten个手指头带mitten
US ['mɪtˌ-] (also mitt)
noun countable
■a type of glove with a single part for all the fingers and a separate part for the thumb 连指手套
• sheepskin mittens 羊皮连指手套
• woollen mittens 羊毛连指手套
Compare glove
glove, mitten
这组词都有“手套”的意思，其区别是：
glove: 指普通分成5指的手套。
mitten: 指拇指分开而其余4指连在一起的手套。

Word: grub
Front: grub
[grʌb] (16569/14786 -1)
Back: n. 蛆，幼虫; 食物; 做苦工的人; 邋遢人
vi. 翻掘; 搜寻; 挖土
vt. 挖掘寻找; 将某物挖出; 根除; 费力查出
时态：grubbed, grubbing, grubs
分布：翻掘(44%)，搜寻(21%)，挖掘(15%)，苦工(10%)，做苦工(10%)
→词源同grave, 挖。因其挖洞而得名。
noun
INSECT 昆虫
countable
■an insect in the stage when it has just come out of its egg （昆虫的）幼虫；蛆；蛴螬
• A grub looks like a short fat worm. 昆虫的幼虫看上去像一条又短又粗的蚯蚓。
[grʌb] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable informal
■food 食物
• They do really good grub in our local pub. 我们当地这家酒馆的食物很是美味。
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
SEARCH 搜寻
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to search for something by digging or turning over earth 翻掘；挖掘寻找；搜寻
• The dog was grubbing around/about in the mud for a bone. 那只狗在泥中刨来扒去找骨头。
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
TAKE 要
transitive usually + adverb or preposition US slang
■to ask someone for something without intending to pay for it 讨；要
• Could I grub a cigarette off you? 我可以向你要一支烟吗？
[grʌb] verb (-bb-)
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] grub sth up/out
■to dig something out of the ground to get rid of it （连根）掘出，挖出
• She spent the morning in the garden, grubbing up weeds. 她花了一上午的时间在花园里除草。
vi. 翻掘；搜寻；挖土
 - search, hunt for
vt. 挖掘寻找；将某物挖出；根除
 - eradicate, root out
n. 蛆，幼虫；食物
 - food, diet, eating, gentle

Word: firestorm
Front: firestorm
[ˈfaɪəstɔ:m] (16556/-)
Back: n. 大爆发
分布：风暴性大火(48%)，大爆发(41%)，核心爆炸引起的爆炸风暴(11%)
US ['faɪr.stɔ:rm] noun countable
■a very large uncontrollable fire, sometimes caused by heavy bombing from aircraft （有时指因飞机爆炸等引起的）风暴性大火
n. 风暴性大火，大爆发
 - explosive eruption

Word: turn-of-the-century

Word: able-bodied
Front: able-bodied
['eɪbl 'bɒdɪd] None
Back: adj. 体格健全的，强壮的; 熟练的
n. 体格健全，强壮，熟练
分布：强壮的(56%)，体格健全的(44%)
US [-'bɑ:.did] adjective
■describes someone who is healthy and has no illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult to do the things that other people do 体格健全的，强壮的
• All able-bodied young men were forced to join the army. 所有体格健壮的青年男子都被强征入伍。
adj. 强壮的，健全的
 - healthy, strong, tough, sound

Word: paneling
Front: paneling
['pænəlɪŋ] (16574/-)
Vocabulary: paneling
(once / 18821 pages)
n
The collective panels used to decorate or cover a wall are called paneling. If you have really dark wood paneling in your house, you can try to lighten it up with paint, but use a primer first because the dark stain tends to show through paint.
Although paneling usually refers to wood covering on a wall, the word paneling is derived from panel, which originally referred to cloth. Panel is an Old French word meaning a piece of cloth, and that word is from the Latin word pannus, which has the same meaning. Today, there are many different types of wood paneling, including board and batten, bead board, tongue and groove, and flat or raised panels.
WORD FAMILY
paneling: panelings+/ panel: paneled, paneling, panelist, panelled, panellist, panels/ panelist: panelists/panellist: panellists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Stepping into the foyer, you turn to the right and see a sitting room featuring yellow stained-glass windows inset with peacock designs and yellow paneling.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
More than once, Crystal found one reclining on the couch backward, legs climbing up the wood paneling like vines, talking to Carmen’s portrait.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Dramatic mansard roof, original wood paneling and pine floors, eight fireplaces, completely renovated.
Washington Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （总称）嵌板; 镶板; 嵌板板材; 嵌板细工
分布：=panelling.(25%)，动词panel的现在分词形式.(25%)，镶板面(25%)，镶木(25%)
n. 镶板；嵌板
 - lacunar

Word: radicalism
Front: radicalism
[ˈrædɪkəlɪzəm] (16531/12731)
Vocabulary: radicalism
(once / 5344 pages)
n
In political science, the term radicalism is the belief that society needs to be changed, and that these changes are only possible through revolutionary means.
Most people think of left-wing politics when they use the noun radicalism, although people on both ends of the spectrum can be described as radical. The word radicalism comes from the Latin radicalis, "of or having roots," which in turn arose from radix, or "root." Both radical and radicalism came out of the idea that political change must "come from the root," or the very basic source of society.
WORD FAMILY
radicalism: radicalisms+/ radical: radicalism, radicalize, radically, radicals/ radicalize: radicalized, radicalizes, radicalizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“These are not good signs for the destruction of radicalism,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Spend any time in Columbus’ Somali American community and you’ll quickly see that it is not a hotbed of anger or radicalism.
Slate(Dec 03, 2016)
He demanded Friday that “the Islamic religion accept what all the others have accepted in the past... that radicalism and provocation have no place here.”
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 激进主义; 基本原理
分布：激进主义(95%)，根本的改革主义(5%)
→来自 radical,激进的，-ism,主义，思想。
N-UNCOUNT
激进主义
Radicalism is radical beliefs, ideas, or behaviour.
例：Jones himself was a curious mixture of radicalism and conservatism.琼斯自己是个奇特的混合体，既保守又激进。
n. 激进主义
 - activism

Word: rising
Front: rising
[ˈraɪzɪŋ] (雅 5336/5234)
Back: adj. 上升的; 升起的; 增大的; 成长中的
adv. （年龄）接近，<美><口>（数量）多于
n. 隆起; 起义; 叛乱
v. 起义( rise的现在分词 ); 升起; （数量）增加; 休会
分布：上升的(40%)，上升(40%)，高涨的(10%)，造反或叛乱(10%)
noun countable
■an uprising
['raɪ.zɪŋ] preposition mainly UK
■about to become 接近；将近；即将
• The school accepts children who are rising five years old. 这间学校招收接近五岁的孩子。
n. 上升；起床；造反
 - upgrade, raise, ascension
adj. 上升的；上涨的；新兴的
 - emerging, flowing, climbing, upward
adv. 接近
 - near, forbye
v. 上升（rise的ing形式）
 - ascending

Word: dandy
Front: dandy
[ˈdændi] (宝 16577/19430 -1)
Vocabulary: dandy
(once / 1142 pages)
1adj 2n 3n
A man who is very concerned with how he looks can be called a dandy. The term is rather old-fashioned — it was commonly used to refer to such men in the 1800s, like the famous dandy Beau Brummell.
As an adjective, dandy means excellent. If you think your new car is dandy, you're excited to own such a great car. In modern use, dandy is often used sarcastically, with just a small change in wording or emphasis: "My new car is just dandy. It's broken down twice today already!" The word dandy is also frequently used in the phrase "fine and dandy".
WORD FAMILY
dandy: dandier, dandies, dandiest, dandify, dandily, dandyish, dandyism+/dandify: dandified, dandifies, dandifying/dandyism: dandyisms
USAGE EXAMPLES
It seemed that geometric abstractions were just dandy, so long as you weren’t a woman.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He told me that he dressed like a dandy when he was younger.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
But after the election, everything seemed fine and dandy.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 服装华丽的; 最好的
n. 花花公子; 〈口〉最好的东西，上品
级别：dandier, dandiest
分布：花花公子(74%)，好打扮的人(26%)
→词源不详，可能来自Andrew的昵称，用来指好打扮的男人。比较gussy.
【记】这个单词你要是能想出来，绝对一辈子也忘不了！可是，我不能说，太那个了，影响我的光辉形象，不过可以提醒你一下：分成dan和dy，再用成熟人的思维想一想！！
【参】dandified（adj 打扮得华丽的；像花花公子的）
noun countable
■a man, especially in the past, who dressed in expensive, fashionable clothes and was very interested in his own appearance （尤指旧时）讲究衣着和外表的男子，好打扮的男人
• an upper-class dandy 上流社会的纨绔子弟
['dæn.di] adjective (also jim-dandy) US old-fashioned
■very good 非常好的
• "Shall we meet at six?" "Sure, that's just dandy." “我们六点见面好吗？”“当然，那太好了。”
adj. 上等的，极好的（口语）；服装华丽的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, super, great
n. 花花公子；好打扮的人
 - playboy, knut

Word: seclusion
Front: seclusion
[sɪˈklu:ʒn] (托 16579/19046)
Vocabulary: seclusion
(once / 1139 pages)
n
Seclusion means being separate, and apart from others, in a quiet kind of way. If you want seclusion, try a private island.
The word seclusion implies privacy as well as separateness. An island with no other islands around it or a cabin in the middle of a forest will offer you seclusion if you need to get away from other people. Some nations have a policy of seclusion — they do not allow people, products, or ideas to cross their borders and enter the country.
WORD FAMILY
seclusion: seclusions+/ seclude: secluded, secludes, secluding, seclusion / secluded: secludedly
USAGE EXAMPLES
He will never be able to elude the often paralyzing seclusion of presidential leadership.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
The laws require the state Department of Education to develop a state policy on seclusion and restraint that is consistent with the bills.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The book about seclusion and secret places was everywhere.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: n. 隔绝，隔离，隐居
分布：隐居(57%)，隔离(26%)，隔绝(17%)
→来自 seclude,隔离，隐居，-s,过去分词格，-ion,名词后缀。
noun uncountable
■when someone is alone, away from other people 与世隔绝；退隐
• He's been living in seclusion since he retired from acting. 自从他退出演艺圈以来，一直过着隐居的生活。
• In some societies women are kept in seclusion, so that they are hardly ever seen in public. 在有些社会里，女性深居简出，很少在公共场合露面。
• After being with a tour group all week I was glad to return to the seclusion of my own home. 跟团旅游一周之后，我很高兴又回到安静的家中。
n. 隔离；隐退；隐蔽的地方
 - insulation, isolation, segregation

Word: rhino
Front: rhino
[ˈraɪnəʊ] (16492/13091 -1)
Back: n. 犀牛(=rhinoceros); <俚> 钱，现金
分布：现金(100%)
US [-noʊ] noun countable
■a rhinoceros
n. 犀牛（等于rhinoceros）；钱；现金
 - money, QIAN, pocket

Word: abject
Front: abject
[ˈæbdʒekt] (托宝 16479/18555 -1)
Vocabulary: abject
(once / 1221 pages)
adj
If it reeks of humiliation or looks like the lowest of lows, then you can safely describe it as abject.
The pronunciation of abject is up for debate: you can decide whether to stress the first or the second syllable. But what's more important is understanding how extreme this adjective is. Abject means absolutely miserable, the most unfortunate, with utter humiliation. You might have heard the phrase abject poverty, which is the absolute worst, most hopeless level of poverty you've ever seen.
WORD FAMILY
abject: abjectedly, abjectest, abjectly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eventually, in a fit of abject, sweat-drenched desperation, a solution appeared like a ray of light from heaven.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
The performance was abject and the atmosphere inside the Liberty Stadium poisonous.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
The “quote both sides” approach was an abject surrender.
Salon(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: adj. 卑鄙的，下贱的; （指境况）凄惨的; 轻蔑的，被鄙视的; 厚颜无耻的
分布：不幸的(45%)，可怜的(40%)，卑贱的(15%)
→前缀ab-, 离开，离弃。词根ject,扔，同project.
可怜的(ab+ject抛→抛掉→可怜的)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
可怜的;颓丧的(ab向下+ject+→向下扔→情绪颓丧的)[ject=throw,cast,表示"投掷,扔"]
【参】reject（v 抛弃，拒绝）；projectile（n 投射物）
【反】exultant（adj 欢跃的）；spirited（adj 英勇的）；exciting（adj 令人兴奋激动的）
['æb.dʒekt] formal
adjective
EXTREME 极度的
abject misery/poverty/terror, etc.
■when someone is extremely unhappy, poor, frightened, etc 极其苦恼／赤贫／极度恐怖等
• They live in abject poverty. 他们过着赤贫的生活。
• This policy has turned out to be an abject failure. 结果已经证明这项政策彻底失败了。
['æb.dʒekt] formal
adjective
NOT PROUD 没有尊严
■showing no pride or respect for yourself 卑躬屈膝的；下贱的；奴性的
• an abject apology 低声下气的道歉
• He is almost abject in his respect for his boss. 他对老板毕恭毕敬，近乎低三下四。
adj. 卑鄙的；可怜的；不幸的
 - poor, base, mean, evil, dirty

Word: applicability
Front: applicability
[ˌæplɪk'bɪlətɪ] (16435/15923)
Vocabulary: applicability
(once / 17854 pages)
n
Applicability is the usefulness of something for a particular task. Hammers have great applicability for driving in nails.
When something is applicable, it is suited to something or useful for a task. The applicability of a thing refers to how useful it is in a given situation. On a resume, talking about your favorite movie probably would have no applicability: it's pointless. A plunger has great applicability in a bathroom, but no applicability anywhere else. You can think of applicability as usefulness plus timeliness. If something has applicability, it will come in handy at the moment it is needed.
WORD FAMILY
applicable: applicability, applicably, inapplicable +/ applicant: applicants/ application: applications/applier: appliers/ apply: applicable, applicant, application, applicative, applicatory, applied, applier, applies, applying, misapply/ inapplicable: inapplicability, inapplicably/misapplication: misapplications/misapply: misapplication, misapplied, misapplies, misapplying
USAGE EXAMPLES
Although this discussion is preoccupied with emails, the potential applicability to certain scathing late-night Trump tweets is obvious.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“The potential for broad applicability is huge,” he said.
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
The clause’s applicability to a president has never really been tested in court.
Time(Nov 21, 2016)
Back: n. 适用性，适应性; 可贴性
分布：适用性(89%)，适应性(11%)
ADJ-GRADED
适用的；适当的；可实施的
Something that is applicable to a particular situation is relevant to it or can be applied to it.
例：What is a reasonable standard for one family is not applicable for another...对一个家庭合理的标准并不适用于另一个家庭。
例：Appraisal has traditionally been seen as most applicable to those in management and supervisory positions...传统上认为业绩评定最适用于那些身处管理和监督职位之人。
n. 适用性；适应性
 - flexibility, adaptability

Word: calibration
Front: calibration
[ˌkælɪˈbreɪʃn] (六托 16497/17128)
Back: n. 校准，标准化; 刻度，标度; 测量口径
分布：校准(88%)，刻度(12%)
VERB
校定，校准，调节(计量器具)
If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately.
例：...instructions on how to calibrate a thermometer.如何标定温度计的说明
例：...a calibrated hypodermic syringe.标定精确刻度的皮下注射器
VERB
精确测量;准确估量
If you calibrate something, you measure it accurately.
例：...a way of calibrating the shift of opinion within the Labour Party...准确衡量工党内部观点转变的方法
例：Pesticide levels in food are simply too difficult to calibrate.食品中杀虫剂的含量很难精确测定。
n. 校准；刻度；标度
 - standardization, regulation, scale, graduation, alignment

Word: Anglo-American
Front: Anglo-American
['æŋɡləuə'merikən] None
Back: n. 英裔美国人
adj. 英美的；英裔美国人的
分布：英裔美国人(58%)，英裔美国人的(28%)，英国和美国的(14%)
US [ˌæŋ.gloʊ-] adjective
■describes something involving the UK and US 英美的
• an Anglo-American agreement 英美协议

Word: deductible
Front: deductible
[dɪˈdʌktəbl] (13939/26083)
Vocabulary: deductible
(once / 6274 pages)
nadj
Deductible can be the amount you have to pay before your insurance kicks in, or it can mean an amount you can take off your taxes for various payments you have already made. Strange that one deductible can be so friendly and the other one so mean.
The Latin deducere, meaning "to derive," eventually became the word deduct, meaning "to take away." In the mid-19th Century, the word deductible was born, meaning something "may be deducted." As a noun, a deductible is something you pay, such as your insurance deductible. As an adjective, deductible describes something you can subtract from a total, usually from your taxes. Andy Warhol once said, “Employees make the best dates. You don't have to pick them up and they're always tax-deductible.”
WORD FAMILY
deductible: deductibles, nondeductible+/ deduct: deducted, deductible, deducting, deduction, deducts/ deduction: deductions
USAGE EXAMPLES
It also forbids charging fees beyond the premiums — co-payments, coinsurance or deductibles — for this care.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
But their high deductibles, which are meant to bring down monthly premiums, will reset Jan. 1.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
These “cost-sharing reductions” are designed instead to lower the deductibles, co-pays and other out-of-pocket fees for nearly half the customers this year.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 可扣除的
分布：可扣除的(60%)，扣除条款(20%)，可减免的东西(20%)
US [-tˌə-] adjective
■a deductible amount can be taken away from a total 减，减去的；扣除的
• Expenses like office telephone bills are tax deductible (= you do not have to pay tax on them). 办公室电话费等开支可从纳税项中扣除。
adj. [税收] 可扣除的；可减免的
 - recoupable

Word: roving
Front: roving
[ˈrəʊvɪŋ] (16481/19120)
Vocabulary: roving
(once / 1764 pages)
adjn
Roving things or people are in motion, like a roving reporter who travels to cover stories instead of staying put at her desk.
Some roving animals are migrating, moving from one point on the globe to another. Roving travelers might be folks who live out of their camper as they wander across the country. And your job might be described as roving, too: "I work as a roving news photographer." Roving comes from the verb rove, "wander," which earlier meant "shoot arrows at a mark selected at random."
WORD FAMILY
roving: rovings+/ rove: roved, roves, roving
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the animals' extensive ranges mean they're constantly roving past the reach of protections afforded them on public lands.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Other allies include the roving Jesus and perhaps Daryl, who ended the episode back in his box, reading a note urging him to escape.
New York Times(Dec 04, 2016)
Old Havana these days is eerily devoid of the roving troubadours whose Buena Vista Social Club croonings normally echo through the cobblestone streets.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 流浪的; 流动的; 不固定的
n. 粗纱
v. 流浪( rove的现在分词)
分布：粗纱(68%)，不固定的(8%)，徘徊的(8%)，流浪的(5%)，移动(5%)，徘徊(4%)，动词rove的现在分词形式.(2%)
US ['roʊ-] adjective [before noun]
■travelling from place to place 漫游的，流浪的
• And now a live report from our roving reporter, Martin Jackson. 下面是我们的流动记者马丁．杰克逊发回的现场报道。
UK ['rəʊ.vɪŋ] US ['roʊ-] adjective [before noun]
have a roving eye old-fashioned humorous
■If you say that someone has a roving eye, you mean that they are always sexually interested in people other than their partner. 色迷迷；总找机会寻花问柳
adj. 流动的；徘徊的
 - floating, fluid, flowing, running

Word: environs
Front: environs
[ɪnˈvaɪrənz] (宝 16512/19270)
Vocabulary: environs
(once / 2975 pages)
n
The environs are the areas surrounding a specific place. If you want to go to Boston and its environs on vacation, you might spend time in downtown Boston, but you may also visit Cambridge, Braintree, and Lexington.
In general, the environs are the areas surrounding a particular place or location. Environs is a plural noun taking a plural verb, and it comes from an Old French word, environer, meaning to enclose, surround, or encircle. When you book your hotel reservations, you should make sure the environs around the hotel are safe. No matter how clean the hotel is or how good the breakfast, you wouldn't want to stay in an area where you would be leery of going out at night.
WORD FAMILY
environ: environed, environing, environs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Washington slightly opened up the action to the three rooms of the house and environs.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
General Motors, Ford Motor and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles are all engaged in autonomous vehicle projects based in Detroit’s environs.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Her imagination is a fun-house mirror that magnifies the oddities, intensifies the colors and warps every random detail of her environs in Paris’ Montmartre.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 郊区，近郊
v. 包围，环绕，（敌意地或保护性的）围住( environ的第三人称单数 )
分布：郊区(71%)，郊外(21%)，名词environ的复数形式.(8%)
→来自environment, 环境。
【记】environ（vt 包围；环绕）和environment一起记
US [-'vaɪr.ənz] formal
plural noun
■the area surrounding a place, especially a town （尤指城镇）附近的地方，周边地区
v. 围绕；包围（environ的第三人称单数）
 - circles, surrounds

Word: big-city
Front: big-city
['biɡ'siti] None
Back: adj. 大都市的，大城市的，大都会的
分布：大城市的(50%)，大都会的(50%)

Word: quartz
Front: quartz
[kwɔ:ts] (研六托 16587/13134)
Vocabulary: quartz
(once / 1854 pages)
n
Quartz is a mineral that's usually clear or white, but is sometimes tinted a translucent color. It's common for quartz to be part of other rocks, and often you can see its stripes cutting through smooth beach stones.
Quartz is very hard and shiny, and it's also quite common. There are many different types of quartz, and the rarest ones are considered semi-precious gemstones, like citrine and amethyst. This is the quartz that's used to make jewelry. Its chemical name is silicon dioxide, and it has a crystal structure. Quartz comes from the German Quarz, "rock crystal."
WORD FAMILY
quartz: quartzes
USAGE EXAMPLES
If you count smart and quartz models, thousands of watches, with very different functions and purposes, entered the market in 2016.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
They met under Schuster’s command on Wednesdays at 2 p.m. in a corner room of the Brain building called Quartz Lake.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
“Millenial pink”, “not pink pink”, “rose quartz” – call it what you like.
The Guardian(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. [矿]石英
分布：石英(100%)
→来自德语Quarz,石头结晶体，石英。
n.石英The guardian found a quarterly quart of quartz in the safeguard.监护人在安全装置内找到了四分之一夸脱石英.
US ['kwɔ:rts] noun uncountable
■a hard colourless mineral substance, used in making electronic equipment and accurate watches and clocks 石英
n. [矿物] 石英
 - crystalline silica

Word: moviegoer
Front: moviegoer
[ˈmu:vigəʊə(r)] (16582/-)
Back: n. 常看电影的人
分布：常看电影的人(100%)
US [-ˌgoʊ.ɚ] noun countable US (UK filmgoer/cinemagoer)
■a person who regularly goes to watch films at the cinema 常看电影的人
n. 常看电影的人
 - cinemagoer, filmgoer

Word: transcendental
Front: transcendental
[ˌtrænsenˈdentl] (研宝 16575/20189)
Vocabulary: transcendental
(once / 2480 pages)
adj
Transcendental describes anything that has to do with the spiritual, non-physical world. You could describe the time you spend in the woods hiking as a physical and a transcendental experience.
When something is transcendental, it's beyond ordinary, everyday experience. It might be religious, spiritual, or otherworldly, but if it's transcendental, it transcends — or goes beyond — the regular physical realm. The adjective transcendental is used to describe a particular kind of meditation, a specific school of philosophy, and even a type of number in mathematics. Transcendental and transcend come from the Latin word transcendere, or climb over or beyond.
WORD FAMILY
transcendental: transcendentalism, transcendentally+/ transcend: transcended, transcendent, transcending, transcends/ transcendence: transcendences/transcendency: transcendencies/ transcendent: transcendence, transcendency, transcendental, transcendently/ transcendentalism: transcendentalisms, transcendentalist / transcendentalist: transcendentalists
USAGE EXAMPLES
Liszt’s “Transcendental Études” are indeed all of these things.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
“I sent Bob Roth to her,” he said, referring to a teacher of Transcendental Meditation.
New York Times(Nov 16, 2016)
Because his is a unique, transcendental talent, he can succeed in a variety of positions and against Sweden he played well shielding the back four.
The Guardian(Nov 14, 2016)
Back: adj. <数>超越的; 卓越的; 先验的; 抽象的
分布：先验的(39%)，超凡的(31%)，形而上学的(18%)，超越经验的(12%)
US [-tˌəl] formal
adjective
■describes an experience, event, object or idea that is extremely special and unusual and cannot be understood in ordinary ways 超验主义的；超凡的，玄奥的
• a transcendental vision of the nature of God 对上帝本质的超验主义看法
adj. 先验的； [数] 卓越的，超越的；超自然的
 - remarkable, excellent, prominent

Word: equestrian
Front: equestrian
[ɪˈkwestriən] (托宝 16564/21496)
Vocabulary: equestrian
(once / 3249 pages)
1adjn 2adj
An equestrian is an expert horseback rider. If you only go riding for an hour while on vacation you aren't an equestrian, but the person leading the group and riding the flashy horse probably is.
When you know that equus is the Latin word for "horse," the meaning of equestrian becomes clear. An equestrian is someone who is involved with horses. You can also use it as an adjective to describe anything having to do with horseback riding. An aspiring equestrian may have to give up socializing with friends in favor of equestrian duties like grooming horses.
WORD FAMILY
equestrian: equestrians
USAGE EXAMPLES
It added there is a chance Chung, an equestrian competitor who trained in Germany, may choose to return to South Korea voluntarily.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
He told the hearing there was a reason the group felt compelled to fund the equestrian team, but did not say what that was.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
A wayward bullet hit the media tent at the equestrian centre.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 骑马的，马的; 骑术的; 骑士团的
n. 骑手; 骑马者; 马戏演员
分布：骑术的(34%)，骑马的(33%)，骑马者(25%)，骑术家(8%)
→来自equine, 马的，与马相关的。
【记】源于下面的equilibrium（n 平衡）－骑马需要具备平衡能力。
【参】equine（adj 马的n 马）；equitation（n 骑马；骑术）
adjective
■connected with the riding of horses 骑马的；骑术的
• They plan to hold the Olympics' equestrian events in another part of the city. 他们计划将奥运会马术比赛项目安排在该市的另一个地区举行。
[ɪ'kwes.tri.ən] noun countable formal
■a person who rides horses, especially as a job or very skilfully （尤指职业或骑马很精的）骑马者，骑师，马术家
adj. 马的；骑马的；骑术的
 - mounted, horsey
n. 骑手；骑马者
 - rider, caballero

Word: still
Front: still
[stɪl] (中高托 126/112 -K5)
Vocabulary: still
(once / 8 pages)
1adjv 2adjn 3adjnadvv 4adj 5n 6adv 7adv
If something is quiet and calm, it's still. After the noise of the city, it's peaceful to go camping in the woods where everything is still.
Things that are tranquil are still, like the calm surface of a lake or a sleeping baby. If you stand still, you freeze in place. Another meaning of still is an individual shot from a movie, an unmoving snapshot of a single scene. When still is an adverb, it means even now, like when you say you still love an old song or you still remember the kindness of your kindergarten teacher.
WORD FAMILY
still: stilled, stiller, stillest, stilling, stillness, stills+/stillness: stillnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The gunman, who is still at large, hasn’t been identified.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Darnold, still calm as a librarian, said he was a little shocked.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
A search continued Tuesday for those still missing.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: adv. 仍，仍然; 更，还要; 静静地; 〈诗〉常，不断地
adj. 不动的，静止的; 不狂暴的，温柔的; 没有活力的，死气沉沉的
n. 平静，寂静; 剧照; 静止摄影; 蒸馏器
vt. & vi. （使某物）平静下来，安静; 〈古〉烧（酒），蒸馏
conj. 但是; 然而
时态：stilled, stilling, stills
分布：仍然(72%)，更(14%)，静止的(4%)，寂静(4%)，不动的(2%)，蒸馏器(2%)，静止地(1%)，静寂的(1%)
→来自古英语 stille,固定的，不动的，来自 Proto-Germanic*stilli,固定的，来自 stel,放置， 站立，词源同 stall,stand.引申词义静止的，安静的，及副词词义仍旧，仍然等。
a.静止的,寂静的ad.还,仍然;更;安静地The academic topic is why the blade of the spade is still sharp after decades' decay.学术话题是为什么铁锨刃口经过几十年的腐烂之后仍然锋利.
adverb
CONTINUING 继续
 ESSENTIAL
■continuing to happen or continuing to be done 还，还是；仍然，依旧
• I'm still hungry. 我还是很饿。
• I still haven't finished my essay. 我还是没有完成我的论文。
• There is still no news about the hostages. 仍旧没有人质的消息。
• Do you still work for the government? 你还在为政府工作吗？
• Hope is fading that the missing child is still alive. 失踪孩子仍活着的可能性越来越渺茫。
• There's still time for us to get to the cinema before the film starts. 还有时间，我们能在电影开演之前赶到电影院。
  Common Learner Errors  stillWarning: check your word order! Still usually goes directly before the main verb in a sentence. Don't say 'do still something', say still do something :
✗ I still can remember the day we met. I can still remember the day we met. But if the main verb is am/is/are/was or were , still usually goes directly after it
✗ She still is my best friend. She is still my best friend.
[stɪl] adverb
DESPITE 尽管
 ESSENTIAL
■despite that 尽管那样，尽管如此
• You may not approve of what he did, but he's still your brother. 你可能不赞成他的所作所为，但他仍然是你的兄弟。
• I know you don't like her, but you still don't have to be so rude to her. 我知道你不喜欢她，但尽管如此，你也没必要对她那么无礼。
• Even though she hasn't really got the time, she still offered to help. 尽管她并不是真的有时间，但她仍然主动要帮忙。
[stɪl] adverb
GREATER DEGREE 更大程度
 ADVANCED
■to an even greater degree or in an even greater amount （程度或数量）还要，更加
• The number of people killed in the explosion is likely to rise still higher. 爆炸中丧生的人数有可能还会增加。
• The company is hoping to extend its market still further. 公司希望可以进一步拓展市场。
• Still more snow fell overnight. 夜里又下了雪。
• I'll meet you at the theatre. No, better still, let's meet in a pub and have a drink first. 我们在戏院碰面。哦不，更好的是，我们找家酒吧碰面，先喝上一杯。
• I'm worried that his car has broken down, or worse still, that he's had an accident. 我担心他的车坏了，或者，更糟的是，他出了意外。
• Why do you have to tell me still (= even) more lies? 你为甚么还要对我撒谎呢？
[stɪl] adjective
 ESSENTIAL
■staying in the same position; not moving 静止的；不动的，安静的
• Children find it difficult to sit/stand/stay still for very long. 小孩子很难长时间坐着／站着／静着不动。
• I can't brush your hair if you don't keep/hold still. 你动来动去的话，我没办法给你梳头。
• She sat perfectly still while I took her photograph. 我给她拍照的时候，她坐着一动也不动。
• The air was so still (= There was so little wind) that not even the leaves on the trees were moving. 一点风也没有，连树叶都一动不动。
• She dived into the still (= calm and not flowing) water of the lake. 她一头潜入了平静的湖水中。
■mainly UK
■A still drink is one that is not fizzy (= with bubbles) （饮料）不含碳酸的，不起泡的
• Would you like still or sparkling water? 你要无气的还是有气的饮料？
[stɪl] adjective
Still waters run deep. saying
■said about a person who says little, but who might in fact know a lot 静水流深；沉默寡言者可能胸藏丘壑
[stɪl] verb transitive
■to make something stop moving or become more calm 使静止；使平静，使安静
• He tried to still the swaying of the hammock. 他努力不让吊床晃来晃去。
• literary She cuddled her baby to still its cries. 她抱着自己的婴儿，哄他不哭。
[stɪl] noun
NOT MOVING 不移动
countable specialized
■a photograph of a piece of action in a film （电影）剧照
uncountable literary
■when it is quiet and calm 静止；安静，平静
• In the still of the night , nothing moved. 夜深人静，万籁俱寂。
[stɪl] noun
EQUIPMENT 设备
countable
■a piece of equipment used for making alcohol （酿酒用的）蒸馏器
noiseless, silent, calm, peaceful, serene, still, quiet
这组词都有“平静的，无声无息”的意思，其区别是：
noiseless: 指无任何噪音或不出声，无声无息。
silent: 普通用词，指缄默不语或无声无息。
calm: 普通用词，既可指天气、海洋等的平静状态，又可指人的镇定沉着、不慌乱，不受外界影响和情绪支配。
peaceful: 普通用词，指一种不受外物扰乱和刺激的内在宁静或和平状态。
serene: 指一种超脱一切烦恼的宁静状态。
still: 指平静而又安定的状态。
quiet: 普通用词，指没有喧闹、活动或骚乱的寂静状态。
whereas, nevertheless, but, however, still, while, yet
这组词都有“但是，可是，然而，而”的意思，其区别是：
whereas: 表对比，一般可与while互换。
nevertheless: 指尽管作出完全让步，也不会发生任何影响。
but: 口语常用词，语气较强，泛指与前述情况相反。
however: 表转折关系，语气稍弱于but，连接性也弱一些，因而常作插入语。
still: 语气强，多用于肯定句或疑问句。指尽管作出让步，采取措施或表示反对，但情况仍然如故，无所改变。
while: 表对比，一般可与whereas换用，但程度弱一些。
yet: 常用于否定句，语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步，仍达不到预期的结果。
adv. 仍然；更；静止地
 - toujours, statically
adj. 静止的，不动的；寂静的，平静的；不起泡的
 - peaceful, pacific, quiet, calm, silent
n. 寂静；剧照； [化工] 蒸馏室
 - silence, quietude
conj. 仍然；但是；尽管如此
 - and, granted, but, yet, only
vt. [化工] 蒸馏；使…静止；使…平静下来
 - cool, fine-still
vi. 静止；平静； [化工] 蒸馏
 - rest

Word: eraser
Front: eraser
[ɪˈreɪzə(r)] (中高 16590/35588)
Back: n. <主美>橡皮擦，板擦
分布：橡皮擦(90%)，擦除器(10%)
→erase,擦除，-er,表物。
橡皮;黑板擦(erase+er)[Ras,rad=scrape,表示"刮擦"]
US [-'reɪ.sɚ] (UK usually rubber) mainly US
noun countable
■a small piece of rubber used to remove the marks made by a pencil 橡皮擦
• If you draw or write in pencil you can always rub out your mistakes with an eraser. 如果你用铅笔写字画画，无论出了甚么错都可以用橡皮擦擦掉。
n. [计] 擦除器；清除器
 - cleaning machine, disposer

Word: evasive
Front: evasive
[ɪˈveɪsɪv] (托宝 16477/14845 -1)
Vocabulary: evasive
(once / 2359 pages)
adj
To be evasive is to avoid something, whether it's a touchy subject or the person who's "it" in a game of tag.
If you're dodging the truth and not giving straight answers, then you're being evasive. Which is probably not the best strategy when the police are asking the questions. From the French évasif, it’s an adjective that describes someone who's being intentionally shifty or vague. But a concept that’s hard to pin down or comprehend can also be considered evasive.
WORD FAMILY
evasive: evasively, evasiveness+/ evade: evaded, evades, evading, evasion, evasive / evasion: evasions
USAGE EXAMPLES
This memoir’s evasive clowning is in keeping with all that.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
As is his nature, Baffert was evasive when talking about Mastery’s next race.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 10, 2016)
He was defensive, authoritarian, racially charged and evasive.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 逃避的; 推托的; 闪烁其词的，含糊的; 鬼
分布：逃避的(70%)，难以捉摸的(17%)，闪烁其词的(13%)
逃避的(e+vas+ive)[vadvas=go,表示"走"]
adjective
■answering questions in a way that is not direct or clear, especially because you do not want to give an honest answer 回避的；推托的；闪烁其辞的
• The Minister was her usual evasive self, skilfully dodging reporters' questions about her possible resignation. 部长还是保持顾左右而言他的一贯风格，当记者问及她是否可能辞职时，她驾轻就熟地避而不答。
■done to avoid something bad happening 规避的
• By the time the pilot realised how close the plane was to the building, it was too late to take evasive action. 当飞行员意识到飞机与大楼非常接近时，已经来不及采取任何闪避措施了。
• Drivers had to make sudden evasive manoeuvres. 驾驶员必须做出突然的闪避动作。
adj. 逃避的；托辞的；推托的
 - dodgy, elusive

Word: skinhead
Front: skinhead
[ˈskɪnhed] (16513/13222 -1)
Back: n. 理平头的男人
分布：行为暴戾的青少年(67%)，光头仔(33%)
noun
countable
■a young person, especially a man, who has very short hair or no hair and is part of a group, often a violent group （常指暴力集团中的）短发青年，光头仔
only singular
■a hairstyle in which the hair is so short that the skin on the head can be seen 平头（一种头发很短的发型，故可看到头上的皮肤）

Word: redress
Front: redress
[rɪˈdres] (托宝 16594/11593 -1)
Vocabulary: redress
(once / 1165 pages)
vn
The verb redress is used when you are supposed to fix a problem and make amends. You want your parents to redress the fact that you don't have a pet. Your parents offer to get a hamster, but instead, you say you want a monkey.
Redress can be used as both a noun and a verb. In the noun form, it is the compensation for setting something right. As a verb it means to correct, right a wrong, or make restitution for something. The union organizers wanted the company to redress the fact that workers weren't getting lunch breaks.
WORD FAMILY
redress: redressed, redresses, redressing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Arguably, the most significant change in redress for consumers may result from the 2015 Consumer Rights Act.
BBC(Dec 31, 2016)
In China, it isn’t uncommon for migrant workers or people seeking redress from the government to complain about harsh treatment from public-security officials.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
Now campaigners such as Maw Maw Oo want to hold the party to its pledges to provide redress.
Reuters(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 补偿，赔偿; 矫正，纠正; 缓解
vt. 改正，矫正; 补偿; 革除; 重新调整
时态：redressed, redressing, redresses
分布：纠正(34%)，赔偿(22%)，补偿(13%)，救济(10%)，矫正(10%)，革除(5%)，恢复(3%)，惩罚(2%)，缓解(1%)
→re-,再，重新，-dress,拉直，引导，词源同 direct,address,right.
【记】re重新，dress穿衣－改正
[rɪ'dres] formal
verb transitive
■to put right a wrong or give payment for a wrong that has been done 纠正，矫正；补偿，向…赔偿损失
• Most managers, politicians and bosses are men - how can women redress the balance (= make the situation fairer and more equal) ? 大多数的经理、政治家和老板都是男性——女性怎样才能改变这种不平衡的状况呢？
[rɪ'dres] formal
noun uncountable
■money that someone has to pay to someone else because they have injured them or treated them badly （对伤害或虐待所致损失的）赔偿，赔款
• He went to the industrial tribunal to seek redress for the way his employers had discriminated against him. 因为雇主对他有所歧视，他走上了劳资仲裁法庭为自己讨回公道。
vt. 救济；赔偿；纠正；重新调整
 - repair, make good
n. 救济；赔偿；矫正
 - relief, satisfaction

Word: turtleneck
Front: turtleneck
[ˈtɜ:tlnek] (16591/49027)
Back: n. 高领绒衣; 高翻领，圆翻领
分布：高领套头毛衫(50%)，高翻领(50%)
US ['tɝ:.tˌl-] noun countable US for polo neck
■UK (US mock turtleneck)
■a high round collar that does not fold over on itself, or a jumper with this type of collar 高圆领；高圆领针织衫
• a turtleneck sweater 高圆领套衫

Word: skitter
Front: skitter
[ˈskɪtə(r)] (16561/27154)
Vocabulary: skitter
(once / 20957 pages)
v
When someone or something moves in a rapid, light way, you can say they skitter. Your cat might spend hours fascinated by the bugs that skitter across your window.
Little kids will usually skitter onto a playground, moving much more slowly when it's time to leave. And while older cats spend much of the day sleeping lazily, playful kittens will skitter crazily around the house if you give them a crumpled ball of paper to play with. Skitter comes from an old verb, skite, "to dart or run quickly," probably from a Scandinavian root.
WORD FAMILY
skitter: skittered, skittering, skitters
USAGE EXAMPLES
For satire to work well, it has to come from darkness but skitter through that darkness with the lightest of touches.
Salon(Nov 20, 2016)
The weather was sunny, crisp, cool; dried leaves, russet and umber, skittered across the walk.
The New Yorker(Nov 17, 2016)
Two, three and suddenly dozens skitter up and down trees, swinging from branches, cautiously checking us out before darting off.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: v. 掠过水面，沿水面拉动鱼钩钓鱼，使掠过水面
时态：skittered, skittering, skitters
分布：掠过水面(58%)，飞掠而过(28%)，把鱼钩在水面移动着钓(14%)
→来自古义 skit,轻快的跑，-er,表反复。
US ['skɪtˌ.ɚ] verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■(especially of a small animal, bird or insect) to move very quickly and lightly （尤指小动物、鸟或昆虫）快速移动，敏捷地跑动
• When I lifted the log, there were lots of beetles skittering about/around under it. 我抬起木头，下面有许多甲虫飞快地向四处窜逃。
vi. 飞掠而过；蹦跳
 - slip by

Word: untested
Front: untested
[ˌʌnˈtestɪd] (16486/20738)
Back: adj. 未经试验的，未经考验的
分布：未测试的(70%)，未试验的(30%)
ADJ
未经考验的；未测试的
If something or someone is untested, they have not yet been tried out or have not yet experienced a particular situation, so you do not know what they will be like.
例：The Egyptian Army remained an untested force...埃及军队依然有待考验。
例：All of us were untested for what lay ahead.将要面对的事情是大家都没有经历过的。
ADJ
未经检验的；未经测试的
If you describe something such as a drug or chemical as untested, you mean that it has not been subject to scientific tests to find out if it is safe to use.
例：...the dangers of giving untested drugs to people.把未经检验的药物给人吃的危险
adj. [试验] 未经检验的；未试验的
 - unproven, mill-run

Word: jackpot
Front: jackpot
[ˈdʒækpɒt] (16573/22290 -1)
Vocabulary: jackpot
(once / 14538 pages)
n
A jackpot is a pile of money won during a game such as a poker. It's also any example of good fortune.
Originally, a jackpot was a pile of money in poker that accumulated until someone produced a pair of jacks (or something better). These days, a jackpot is any kind of prize, winnings, or success. If you get a high-paying job, you hit the jackpot. If you married a wonderful person, you hit the jackpot. Sometimes a jackpot is specific to a game, like the money won from a hand of 21, but any good fortune can be considered a jackpot.
WORD FAMILY
jackpot: jackpots
USAGE EXAMPLES
But the result is startlingly delicious, hitting your brain’s receptors like a jackpot.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
State officials say the boost in Colorado’s trust fund distribution this year was partly due to the record $1.5 billion Powerball jackpot in January.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
They say the man reportedly was swept in an avalanche on Jackpot Chute, which was a closed ski area of the mountain.
Washington Times(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 赌注; 头奖，最大成功; 积累的赌金; 困境
分布：累积赌注(100%)
→jack,扑克J,pot,罐子，钱罐。一种扑克赌博游戏，直到某持牌方至少持有两张J或更大牌才可以开牌并取得胜利。后引申词义大奖，头奖。比较 blackjack.
US [-pɑ:t] noun countable
■the largest prize offered in a competition （比赛中的）头奖
• We won the jackpot. 我们赢得了头奖。

Word: subordination
Front: subordination
[səˌbɔ:dɪ'neɪʃn] (16449/13005)
Vocabulary: subordination
(once / 1670 pages)
n
Subordination means lowering. In animal packs, gestures of subordination include staying low and making gestures of play. In the military, one shows subordination by saluting first.
You are more likely to be familiar with the opposite of subordination, insubordination. In the military, acts of insubordination means refusing to follow your superior and is a punishable crime. The 1920s finalized the subordination of investigations into ESP and the like. They were discredited and stopped being investigated by mainstream scientists.
WORD FAMILY
subordination: insubordination, subordinations+/ insubordinate: insubordinately/ insubordination: insubordinations/ subordinate: insubordinate, subordinated, subordinately, subordinateness, subordinates, subordinating, subordination
USAGE EXAMPLES
But if anything, subordination of the idea bolsters its insidiousness, like a cancer mistaken for a beauty mark.
Salon(Dec 03, 2016)
This link between social subordination and altered immune response was present despite no variation in access to food or health care among the animals.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
But when subordination of women rules the day, suddenly we must 'respect' another's "values"?!
New York Times(Oct 18, 2016)
Back: n. 放置在次级; 次级; 附属; <语>主从关系
分布：隶属(62%)，次等(27%)，放置在下级(11%)
US [-ˌbɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■the act of giving someone or something less importance or power 从属的，下级的；次要的
• She claims that society is still characterized by male domination and female subordination. 她主张社会的特点仍旧是男尊女卑。
• subordination of high standards to quick results 品质屈服于效率
n. 从属；附属；主从关系
 - hypotaxis, dependency

Word: cupcake
Front: cupcake
[ˈkʌpkeɪk] (16496/-)
Vocabulary: cupcake
(once / 16601 pages)
n
A cupcake is a small, sweet baked good topped with frosting. You might bake cupcakes for your best friend's birthday.
When you make cupcakes, you mix up cake batter and instead of baking it in large pans, pour it into the small, paper-lined indentations in a cupcake or muffin pan. Some people prefer cupcakes to cakes, because they're the perfect serving size. In Britain and Australia, cupcakes are called "fairy cakes." Cupcake is an American English word dating from the 19th century.
WORD FAMILY
cupcake: cupcakes
USAGE EXAMPLES
“We don’t do anything special,” Deb said of the cupcakes.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
“No candy rewards, no cupcakes for birthdays, no holiday parties with food,” she says.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
After 45 minutes of fun, they gathered around candle-lit cupcakes and the singing began.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 纸杯蛋糕; （经常用于称呼语中）指有魅力的女人; 指软弱和女性化的男人或男孩
分布：纸杯蛋糕(85%)，对可爱女性的昵称(15%)
noun countable mainly US for fairy cake

Word: tangy
Front: tangy
['tæŋɪ] (宝 16595/27705 -1)
Back: adj. 味道浓烈的，扑鼻的，有刺激性的
分布：强烈的(50%)，有刺激性的(25%)，扑鼻的(25%)
【记】读：烫鸡，特别烫的鸡的味道是扑鼻的。
【反】bland（adj 温和的；乏味的）
adjective
■A tangy flavour is pleasantly strong and sharp （味道）香浓的
• a deliciously tangy lemon tart 美味可口的柠檬馅饼
adj. 扑鼻的；有刺激性的；强烈的
 - intense, burning, sharp, keen, consuming

Word: jock
Vocabulary: jock
(once / 1473 pages)
n
A jock is a serious athlete, someone who enjoys and is good at sports. Your cousin the jock might encourage you to try out for the football team even if what you love is playing chess and acting in plays.
The noun jock, which is mostly used for people who are excellent at physical challenges and sports, can also be used for someone with a non-sporty interest, like a music jock or a computer jock. Before it gained its "athlete" meaning, jock was shorthand for jockstrap, supportive underwear that's often worn by male athletes.
WORD FAMILY
jock: jocks
USAGE EXAMPLES
"I was just chasing him in me jocks," Mr McConnell said in a TV interview viewed millions of times online.
BBC(Nov 23, 2016)
“I thought he was cute, but he didn’t have the jock type of looks I usually like.”
New York Times(Nov 18, 2016)
“Even people that were jocks in high school are buying tickets for Avenger movies.”
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)

Word: lavish
Front: lavish
[ˈlævɪʃ] (托雅宝 9031/9685 -2)
Vocabulary: lavish
(once / 520 pages)
adjv
Lavish means generous and extravagant as an adjective and to give generously as a verb. If you don't like it when people lavish you with attention, you might appreciate a lavish spread of excellent food instead.
Lavish comes from the Old French lavache meaning "deluge, torrent" referring to rain. When you see it, think of a shower of good things coming down on you as you never use lavish with something bad. Didn't your parents lavish you with praise and love when you were small? With lavish as an adjective, you can rephrase that question like this: Didn't your parents offer you lavish praise and love when you were little?
WORD FAMILY
lavish: lavished, lavishes, lavishing, lavishingly, lavishly, lavishness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In New Delhi and many other cities, newspapers are full of big advertisements for lavish parties at upscale hotels and restaurants.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
Share prices are also being driven by salivation that he will deliver the lavish tax breaks he promised corporate America.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
He even invited the diplomats’ children to attend lavish Orthodox Christmas festivities in the Kremlin.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 过分慷慨的; 非常浪费的; 过分丰富的; 大量生产的
vt. 过分给予，滥施; 浪费，挥霍; 慷慨地给与
时态：lavished, lavishing, lavishes
分布：浪费(40%)，浪费的(23%)，丰富的(22%)，大方的(8%)，慷慨给予(7%)
→来自拉丁语lavare,冲洗，涌出，词源同lava,dilute,antediluvian,-ish,形容词后缀。即大量涌出的，大量的。
浪费a.浪费的(lav+ish→冲掉→浪费)[lav,luv,lut=wash,表示"洗,冲洗"]
【记】lav冲刷，花钱如流水－lavish
【反】stint（v 吝啬；节省）；mean（adj 吝啬的）；penurious（adj 吝啬的）；impecunious（adj 没有钱的）；economical（adj 节约的）；hoard（v 储藏）；austere（adj 简朴的）excoriate（v 批判）－praise lavishly（过分赞扬）
adjective
■more than enough, especially if expensive; very generous 奢华的，豪华的；慷慨的，大方的
• lavish gifts/promises/praise 奢华的礼物／慷慨的允诺／毫不吝惜的赞扬
• lavish spending 铺张的开支
• lavish banquets 豪华的宴会
• The evening was a lavish affair with glorious food and an endless supply of champagne. 晚会很豪华，食物精美可口，香槟源源不断。
• The lavish production makes this musical truly memorable. 这部音乐剧的豪华制作阵容给人留下了深刻印象。
['læv.ɪʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  lavish sth on sb/sth
■to give someone a lot, or too much, of something such as money, presents or attention 为…倾注，为…挥霍，为…提供大量的…
• She lavishes money on her grandchildren. 她为孙辈们倾注大量金钱。
• The committee lavished praise on the project. 委员会对该工程大加赞赏。
adj. 浪费的；丰富的；大方的
 - abundant, full, generous, wasted, handsome
vt. 浪费；慷慨给予；滥用
 - lose, spend, strain, abuse

Word: immobile
Front: immobile
[ɪˈməʊbaɪl] (托 16603/14573 -1)
Vocabulary: immobile
(once / 2437 pages)
adj
Something immobile can't move or be moved — it's locked or stuck in place.
If you know that mobile things move around, then you're halfway to understanding what immobile means: this refers to anything that can't move. A mountain is immobile; no one's moving that. Sometimes people who are very large — like offensive lineman — are described as immobile, because they are big and hard to move. When something is immobile, it's not going anywhere.
WORD FAMILY
immobile: immobilely, immobilise, immobility, immobilize +/demobilise: demobilised, demobilising/demobilization: demobilizations/demobilize: demobilization, demobilized, demobilizes, demobilizing/immobilise: immobilisation, immobilised, immobilising/ immobility: immobilities/ immobilize: immobilization, immobilized, immobilizes, immobilizing/ mobile: immobile, mobiles, mobilise, mobility, mobilize /mobilisation: demobilisation, mobilisations/mobilise: demobilise, mobilisation, mobilised, mobilises, mobilising/mobilization: mobilizations/ mobilize: demobilize, mobilization, mobilized, mobilizes, mobilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
It’s not only wages that are stuck, frozen, immobile.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
He saw someone he believed to be the attacker on the ground, a person lying immobile and face-down.
Washington Post(Nov 28, 2016)
Each day during the trial, Mair remained immobile and impassive, staring straight ahead and rarely looking around.
The Guardian(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 固定的; 不变的; 稳定的
分布：不动的(43%)，静止的(36%)，不变的(16%)，不能活动的(5%)
→im-,不，非，mobile,移动的。
不动的(im不＋mob+ile能...的→不能动的)[mob=move,表示"动"]
US [-'moʊ.bəl] adjective
■not moving or not able to move 静止的；无法移动的
• She sat immobile, wondering what to do next. 她一动不动地坐着，寻思着下一步该怎么办。
adj. 固定的；稳定的；不变的
 - settled, steady, constant, standing, permanent

Word: thunderous
Front: thunderous
[ˈθʌndərəs] (16604/19965 -1)
Back: adj. 雷鸣般的; 多雷的; 雷动; 山响
分布：雷鸣般的(88%)，打雷的(8%)，怒气冲冲的(4%)
→thunder,打雷，-ous,形容词后缀。
US [-dɚ.əs] adjective [before noun]
■extremely loud 雷鸣般的
• thunderous applause 雷鸣般的掌声
• a thunderous reception 热烈的反响
adj. 像打雷的，隆轰隆响的；多雷的，强有力的
 - powerful, cogent

Word: dot-com
Front: dot-com
[ˌdɒtˈkɒm] None
Back: n. 网络公司
分布：商业组织或公司(100%)
N-COUNT
网络公司
A dot-com is a company that does all or most of its business on the Internet.
例：In 1999, dot-coms spent more than $1 billion on TV spots.1999年，网络公司在电视广告上投入了超过10亿美元。
例：...a dot-com company.网络公司

Word: downstream
Front: downstream
[ˌdaʊnˈstri:m] (10107/11771 -1)
Back: adv. 在下游地; 顺流地
adj. 顺流而下的; 在下游方向的
分布：顺流的(67%)，朝下游方向(33%)
adverb adjective
■in the direction a river or stream is flowing 顺流（的），向下游（的）
• The current carried her downstream. 水流将她冲向下游。
Compare upstream
adj. [水文] 下游的；顺流的
 - lower

Word: demoralize
Front: demoralize
[dɪˈmɒrəlaɪz] (宝 16505/22691 -1)
Vocabulary: demoralize
(once / 1609 pages)
v
If something demoralizes you, it makes you feel bad or hopeless. When your soccer team was trounced by the last-place team in the league, the loss seemed to demoralize everyone, from players to coaches to fans.
Demoralize can also mean what it looks like, "to remove the morals of." For example, parents worry that R-rated movies will demoralize their children. In other words, they fear kids will lose their sense of what's right and wrong if they see glamorous actors indulging in bad behavior.
WORD FAMILY
demoralize: demoralisation, demoralization, demoralized, demoralizes, demoralizing +/demoralization: demoralizations/ demoralizing: demoralizingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
In 1884, Harvard tried to ban it for being “brutal, demoralizing to teams and spectators, and extremely dangerous.”
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
The Cougars began the year 0-2, with a demoralizing opening loss to Eastern Washington at home.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Maybe potential buyers feared that outbidding a charismatic founder would win them a demoralized and devalued company.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使士气低落，使意志消沉; 使陷入混乱
时态：demoralized, demoralizing, demoralizes
分布：使士气低落(88%)，使失去斗志(12%)
→de-, 不，非，使相反。moral, 道义，士气。即使士气低落。
使士气消沉(de去掉+morale士气+ize→去掉士气)[mor=moral,表示"道德：]
【记】de去掉，moral士气一去掉士气
【反】invigorate（v 鼓舞）；cheer（v 使快活；欢呼）『ameliorate』
US [-'mɔ:r-] verb transitive
■to make someone or something feel much less confident 使泄气，使垂头丧气
• Losing several matches in succession had completely demoralized the team. 连续输掉数场比赛使全队上下彻底泄了气。
vt. 使道德败坏；使堕落；使士气低落
 - deprave, corrupt

Word: chastity
Front: chastity
[ˈtʃæstəti] (16601/20203)
Vocabulary: chastity
(once / 1685 pages)
n
If you practice chastity, it means you aren’t having sex of any kind, perhaps because you’re waiting until you get married, or maybe because you believe sex is evil.
Chastity comes from the Latin word castus, meaning “morally pure,” and preserving your chastity means you are keeping your body pure and free from sexual relations, at least for now. Some religious figures take a vow of chastity so they can focus their thoughts on their faith, while many young people save their chastity for when they fall in love. Heard of a chastity belt? It’s an uncomfortable garment that protects your chastity, whether you want it protected or not.
WORD FAMILY
chastity: chastities+/ chaste: chastely, chasteness, chaster, chastest, chastity, unchaste/unchaste: unchastely, unchastest
USAGE EXAMPLES
Invariably the “honor” of a family is tied to a woman’s chastity.
Seattle Times(Oct 30, 2016)
I'll file it with similar favorites: "I thought it was a marriage vow, not a vow of chastity."
New York Times(Oct 15, 2016)
Some activists have mocked the whistle strategy, asking whether officials might issue chastity belts next.
Los Angeles Times(Oct 23, 2016)
Back: n. 纯洁，贞洁，纯朴; 贞操; 童贞
分布：贞节(68%)，纯洁(32%)
→来自chaste, 贞结。
US [-tˌi] noun uncountable
■the state of not having sexual relationships or never having had sex 纯洁，贞洁；贞操；禁欲
• As a monk, he took vows of chastity, poverty and obedience. 作为一名僧侣，他发誓禁色、安贫、顺从。
n. 贞洁；纯洁；简洁
 - purity, immaculacy

Word: amends
Front: amends
[əˈmendz] (六雅 16606/14488)
Vocabulary: amends
(once / 1582 pages)
n
So you blew the surprise party by mentioning it in passing to the birthday girl. Now, you have to do something to make amends, or reparations, to the boyfriend who worked all day to set up the party.
When you make amends, you mend something you have damaged, like a deal, or relationship. Maybe, your cupcake shop was panned by a food critic in the paper, but he never went to your store, he went to that awful cupcake shop across the street. The critic should make amends by printing a retraction.
WORD FAMILY
amend: amendable, amendatory, amended, amending, amendment, amends +/ amended: unamended/ amendment: amendments
USAGE EXAMPLES
He spent the offseason trying to make amends with neighbors.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Part of the program involves making amends for past wrongs.
Washington Times(Nov 24, 2016)
And there’s a much longer list of folk who need to make amends for all manner of indiscretion done in the name of democracy.
Time(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: n. 赔罪，赔偿
v. 改良，修改，修订( amend的第三人称单数 )
分布：赔偿(34%)，补偿(33%)，赔罪(25%)，名词amend的复数形式.(8%)
plural noun
make amends
■to do something good to show that you are sorry about something you have done 赔礼道歉，赔不是；作出补偿
• She tried to make amends by inviting him out to dinner. 她试图请他出去吃顿饭，藉此向他赔个不是。
• I wanted to make amends for the worry I've caused you. 让你那么担心真是不应该，我这里赔罪了。
n. 赔偿；赔罪
 - satisfaction, reparation

Word: decadent
Front: decadent
[ˈdekədənt] (托 16491/21449 -1)
Vocabulary: decadent
(once / 2129 pages)
adjn
If your friend vacations in lavish hotels, wears thousand-dollar shoes, and refuses to eat cheese that costs less than $20 an ounce, you might say her lifestyle is decadent.
A decadent is a person who has fallen into a state of moral or artistic decay. Typically, though, we use decadent as an adjective to describe wasteful indulgence or extravagance. Celebrities who find themselves unable to manage sudden fame and fortune sometimes go overboard, throwing million-dollar parties, living the fast life, turning to drugs and alcohol. And because they're famous, we read about them and their decadent lifestyles in the tabloid papers.
WORD FAMILY
decadent: decadence, decadency, decadently, decadents+/ decadence: decadences/decadency: decadencies
USAGE EXAMPLES
The fast-paced opening sequence of Stephen Fry’s fabulous adaptation of Evelyn Waugh’s “Vile Bodies” features a divinely decadent costume party titled “Inferno.”
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
He imagines a decadent chocolate cake with creamy frosting.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
The decadent, playful tasting menus cost a fraction of what you’d expect in pricey Stockholm, and forget elegant Scandinavian décor.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 堕落的，颓废的; 文艺颓废期的，颓废派的; 衰微的
n. 颓废派艺术家（文人）; 堕落者
分布：颓废的(54%)，堕落的(22%)，衰落的(14%)，颓废派艺术家(6%)，堕落者(4%)
【记】de向下，cad落下－落下的－衰退的源于：decay（v 衰落）
adjective
■A decadent person or group has low moral standards （人或组织）腐朽的；颓废的；堕落的
• a decadent society 腐朽的社会
• the decadent court surrounding the king 国王身边腐朽的王室成员
• humorous Champagne and chocolates for breakfast - how decadent! 早餐喝香槟吃巧克力——这可真够颓废！
adj. 颓废的；衰微的
 - deteriorative, overripe

Word: Aztec

Word: leasing
Front: leasing
[li:sɪŋ] (16589/16273)
Back: n. <古><苏格兰>说谎，谎言
分布：出租(98%)，动词lease的现在分词.(2%)
N-COUNT
租约；租契；出租协议
A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a building, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money.
例：He took up a 10 year lease on the house at Rossie Priory.他签了一份10年租约，租下了罗茜大宅的房子。
VERB
租借；租用；出租
If you lease property or something such as a car from someone or if they lease it to you, they allow you to use it in return for regular payments of money.
例：He went to Toronto, where he leased an apartment...他去了多伦多，在那儿租了一间公寓。
例：She hopes to lease the building to students...她希望把房子租给学生。
PHRASE
（较昔日更加）焕发生机；重振雄风
If you say that someone or something has been given a new lease of life, you are emphasizing that they are much more lively or successful than they have been in the past.
例：The operation has given me a new lease of life.手术使我重获新生。
n. [租赁] 租赁；（苏）谎言
 - rental, lie, fiction
v. 出租（lease的ing形式）
 - farming, renting

Word: motorcade
Front: motorcade
[ˈməʊtəkeɪd] (16609/35681)
Vocabulary: motorcade
(once / 12508 pages)
n
A motorcade is a line of cars traveling together, usually slowly and ceremonially. If the President comes to town, you are bound to see a motorcade.
When the President travels to give a speech, part of the trip usually occurs in a motorcade. In the case of a powerful person like a world leader, a motorcade is mainly made up of Secret Service agents providing security. A funeral motorcade is comprised of the cars of mourners, and sometimes a hearse carrying the deceased person's body. Motorcade borrowed -cade from cavalcade, a procession on horseback, turning it into a suffix in the early 1900s.
WORD FAMILY
motorcade: motorcades
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president’s motorcade left the first family’s vacation rental home in Kailua amidst scattered rain showers.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
A gentle breeze rustled palm trees Wednesday as the president’s motorcade traveled from his Kailua vacation home to a nearby Marine Corps base gym.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The president’s motorcade departed his family’s Kailua beachfront rental home at 9:40 a.m. and arrived at the botanical garden at 10 a.m.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 一长列汽车，（汽）车队
分布：名词(100%)
→motor-,汽车，-cade,车队，缩写自cavalcade.用于指载有要人的车队。
US ['moʊ.tˌɚ-] noun countable (US also autocade)
■a series of cars and other motor vehicles which moves slowly along a road carrying someone important, especially during an official ceremony （尤指官方仪式上的）（汽）车队，汽车行列
n. 汽车行列，车队
 - roadtrain

Word: peep
Front: peep
[pi:p] (研四六宝 16608/12052 -1)
Vocabulary: peep
(once / 373 pages)
1vn 2vn
To peep is to take a quick, secret glance at something. Kids might peep into the living room on Christmas morning to see if Santa came the night before.
You can peep through the blinds to see who's ringing your doorbell, or watch the sky, hoping the sun will peep (or suddenly appear) from behind the clouds so you can go to the beach as planned. Another kind of peep is the high chirping sound a chick or baby bird makes. This second meaning is imitative — in other words, the word peep sounds like the noise itself.
WORD FAMILY
peep: peeped, peeper, peeping, peeps+/peeper: peepers
USAGE EXAMPLES
That this might be less a comedy and more a peep into how coercive control operates isn’t dwelled upon in these articles.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Peeps manufacturer Just Born began operating in Bethlehem in the 1930s.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The explanation was the first social-media peep in months from the rapper, who was raised in Chicago.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: v. 窥视，偷看; （小鸟等）唧唧地叫; （从隐蔽处）出现
n. 窥视; 唧唧声; 隐现; 慢慢露出
时态：peeped, peeping, peeps
分布：偷看(47%)，窥视(28%)，吱吱叫(10%)，慢慢露出(6%)，瞥见(5%)，初现(4%)
→来自中古英语pepen,来自piken拼写变体，词源同peek.
v.偷看,窥视After a deep sleep, the weeping sweeper keeps on peeping the sheep on the steep.酣睡之后,哭泣的清扫者继续窥视峭壁上的羊.
【记】ee与眼睛有关
verb
LOOK 看
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to secretly look at something for a short time, usually through a hole （通常指透过小孔）窥视，偷看
• I saw her peeping through the curtains/ into the room. 我看见她透过窗帘／向房间里偷看。
[pi:p] verb
APPEAR 出现
intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to appear slowly and not be completely seen 隐现，微现；缓缓出现
• A few early flowers had peeped up through the snow. 几朵早开的花从雪地里探出头来。
• The cat's tail was peeping out from under the bed. 猫的尾巴从床底下露了出来。
[pi:p] verb
NOISE 噪音
intransitive
■to make a weak high noise 唧唧叫，发出尖而弱的声音
[pi:p] noun
SOMETHING SAID 所说的话
only singular informal
■a statement, answer or complaint 讲话；答覆；牢骚
• No one has raised a peep about this dreadful behaviour. 对如此恶劣的行径竟然没有人吭声。
• One more peep out of you and there'll be no television tomorrow. 你再抱怨一声，明天就不准看电视了。
• There hasn't been a peep out of (= any form of communication from) my sister for a couple of weeks. 好几周没有我妹妹的消息了。
[pi:p] noun
NOISE 噪音
countable
■the weak high noise made by young birds （小鸟的）吱吱声，啾啾声
[pi:p] noun
LOOK 看
only singular
■a quick look 一瞥
• Take/Have a peep at what it says in this letter. 看一眼这封信上说些甚么。
peer, peep, gape, glance, stare, gaze, glare, glimpse
这组词都有“看”的意思，其区别是：
peer: v.指眯起眼睛仔细看，尤指看不清楚的情况下；费力地看，凝视。
 • Being somewhat short-sighted, she has the habit of peering at people.   因为有点近视，她有眯着眼睛看人的习惯。
peep: v.窥视，偷看。
 • The mother peeped into the bedroom to see if her child was asleep.   母亲偷偷向卧室看了一下，看她的孩子是否睡着了。
gape: v. (张着嘴、瞪大眼睛)呆看，强调一种吃惊的状态。
 • The children gaped at the big elephant in the zoo.   在动物园，孩子们张大了嘴巴呆呆地看着大象。
glance: v. (粗略地、随便地)一瞥，看一眼。
 • He glanced over the letter he had just received.   他把刚收到的那封信粗略地看了一遍。
stare: v.凝视，盯着，指由于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而瞪大眼睛长时间地、直接地注视，常常含有粗鲁无礼的意思。
 • I told my son to stop staring at that fat woman; it wasn't nice.   我告诉儿子不要盯着那个胖女人，那样看人不礼貌。
gaze: v.凝视，注视，指由于好奇、感叹、长时间目不转睛地看。
 • She gazed at her beautiful new diamond ring.   她凝视着自己的这颗美丽崭新的钻戒。
glare: v.怒目而视，强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看；眩目地照射。
 • The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.   那男人粗暴地冲她大声喊叫，她也怒目而视。
glimpse: v.与glance意思相近，短促地看一眼，一瞥。
n. 偷看；隐约看见，瞥见
 - peek
vi. 窥视；慢慢露出，出现；吱吱叫
 - occur, figure, offer

Word: foot
Front: foot
[fʊt] (中高雅 380/459 -K5)
Vocabulary: foot
(once / 15 pages)
1nv 2n 3n 4n 5v
Your foot is like your leg's hand, and a foot is twelve inches. When you walk, you go by foot.
Since feet are so important, the word foot has many meanings. The main one is that thing below your ankle — people have feet, and so do many animals. The lower part of a bed is the foot of the bed — the foot of a mountain is also where you would expect it. The lower part of anything could be called a foot. Paying for something is footing the bill, and footing up a column of numbers is adding them up.
WORD FAMILY
foot: feet, footed, footer, footing, footless, foots, forefoot, underfoot+/footed: footedly, footedness/ footer: footers/footing: footings/forefoot: forefeet, forefoots/underfoot: underfoots
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s hard to be objective when the scale is still creaking beneath your feet.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
“Because the sign is 45 feet high, it’s extremely easy to slip and fall,” he said.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The quarterback climbed to his feet and limped back to the huddle.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 脚; 底部; 英尺(=12 英寸或 30。48 厘米); 脚步
vt. 走，踏
vt. & vi. 结算，总计，共计
时态：footed, footing, foots
分布：脚(77%)，踏(9%)，英尺(6%)，步行(3%)，付账(2%)，音步(1%)，共计(1%)，表演舞步(1%)
→来自ped, 脚，词源同biped, pedestal.用做测量单位英尺，因约略等于成人脚长而得名。
n.(pl.feet)脚,足;英尺;底部After a shot the foot began to root and shoot in the boot.打了一针后,脚开始在靴子里生根发芽.
【参】foothold（n 立足点；据点）；footlights（n 脚灯；演艺界）；footnote（n 脚注：书页底的注释，对文中的一部分加以评论或引出参考书目；无足轻重的事）
noun
BODY PART 身体部位
countable (plural feet)
■the part of the body at the bottom of the leg on which a person or animal stands （人或动物的）脚，足
• I've got a blister on my left foot. 我左脚上起了个水泡。
• I've been on my feet (= standing) all day and I'm exhausted. 我一整天都没坐过，可把我给累坏了。
• He got to/rose to/jumped to his feet (= stood up) when she walked in. 她进来的时候他站了起来／站起身来／一跃而起。
• informal "You look tired. Why don't you put your feet up (= sit or lie down with your feet resting on something) ?" “你看上去很疲倦，你休息一会儿吧。”
• Please wipe your feet (= clean the bottom of your shoes) before you come into the house. 进屋前请把鞋底擦干净。
on foot IMPROVER
 ESSENTIAL
■walking 走路，步行
• Are you going by bicycle or on foot? 你骑脚踏车去还是走路去？
[fʊt] noun
MEASUREMENT 度量单位
 IMPROVER countable (plural feet or foot) (written abbreviation ft)
■a unit of measurement, equal to twelve inches or 0.3048 metres, sometimes shown by the symbol ′ 英尺（相当于12英寸或30.48厘米，有时用符号'表示）
• The man was standing only a few feet away. 那个男子就站在几英尺远的地方。
• She is five feet/foot three inches tall. 她身高五英尺三英寸。
• She is 5′ 3″ tall. 她身高五英尺三英寸。
[fʊt] noun
BOTTOM 底部
only singular
■the bottom or lower end of a space or object 底部；下端
• They built a house at the foot of a cliff. 他们在悬崖脚下建了一所房子。
• She dreamed she saw someone standing at the foot of her bed. 她梦见有人站在她的床脚处。
• There's a note to that effect at the foot of the page. 在页末对那一效应有一条注释。
[fʊt] noun
POETRY 诗歌
countable (plural feet) specialized
■a unit of division of a line of poetry containing one strong beat and one or two weaker ones （诗的）音步
[fʊt] noun
be back on your feet
■to be healthy again after a period of illness （病后）恢复健康，痊愈
• "We'll soon have you back on your feet again," said the nurse. 护士说：“你很快就能康复了。”
[fʊt] noun
fall/land on your feet
■to be successful or lucky, especially after a period of not having success or luck （尤指在一段时间的失意或霉运之后）获得成功，好运连连
• She's really fallen on her feet with that new job. 她做这份新工作真是一帆风顺。
[fʊt] noun
get a/ your foot in the door
■to enter a business or organization at a low level, but with a chance of being more successful in the future 初步进入（企业或组织）；迈出成功的第一步
• Making contacts can help you get a foot in the door when it comes to getting a job. 建立社会关系可能是你得到一份工作的第一步。
[fʊt] noun
get off on the right/wrong foot
■to make a successful/unsuccessful start in something 出师告捷／不利
[fʊt] noun
have a foot in both camps
■to be connected to two groups with opposing interests 脚踏两只船
[fʊt] noun
have feet of clay
■to have a bad quality which you keep hidden 有不为人知的缺点
• Some of the greatest geniuses in history had feet of clay. 历史上一些极其伟大的天才有不为人知的缺点。
[fʊt] noun
have one foot in the grave humorous
■to be very old and near death 一只脚已踏进坟墓；行将就木
[fʊt] noun
have/keep your feet on the ground (also have both feet on the ground)
■to be very practical and see things as they really are 脚踏实地
[fʊt] noun
my foot informal old-fashioned
■used to mean that you do not believe what another person has just told you （表示不相信对方所说的话）算了吧
• "He says his car isn't working." "Not working my foot. He's just too lazy to come." “他说他的车坏了。”“鬼才相信他的话。他不过是太懒了，不想来。”
[fʊt] noun
not put a foot wrong
■to not make any mistakes 不犯任何错误
[fʊt] noun
put your foot down
■to use your authority to stop something happening 利用…的权力制止
• When she started borrowing my clothes without asking, I had to put my foot down. 她开始连问都不问就把我的衣服借走了，我不得不出面制止了。
UK (US floor it)
■to increase your speed when you are driving 踩油门，加速行驶
• The road ahead was clear, so I put my foot down. 前面道路畅通，所以我猛踩油门。
[fʊt] noun
put your foot in it (mainly US put your foot in your mouth) informal
■to say something by accident which embarrasses or upsets someone 失言而令人尴尬（或不快）
• I really put my foot in it with Alison. I had no idea she was divorced. 我在爱丽森面前真的是失言了。我不知道她离婚了。
[fʊt] noun
hardly / barely put one foot in front of the other
■If you can hardly/barely put one foot in front of the other, you are having difficulty walking 走一步路
• I was so tired that I could hardly put one foot in front of the other. 我累坏了，几乎一步都走不动了。
[fʊt] noun
rush/run sb off their feet
■to cause someone to be very busy 使（某人）奔忙
• I've been rushed off my feet all morning. 我整个上午忙得不可开交。
[fʊt] noun
set foot in somewhere
■to go to a place 去（某处）
• He refuses to set foot in an art gallery. 他不愿去美术馆。
[fʊt] noun
under your feet
■If someone is under your feet, they are near you in a way that is difficult and prevents you from doing what you want to do 阻碍，妨碍；碍手碍脚
• The children were under my feet all day so I couldn't get anything done. 孩子们一整天在我这里碍手碍脚的，我甚么都做不了。
[fʊt] verb transitive informal
■to pay an amount of money 支付（账单或费用）
• His parents footed the bill for his course fees. 父母为他支付了课程费用。
• They refused to foot the cost of the wedding. 他们拒绝为婚礼结账。
• The company will foot her expenses. 公司将会为她的花费掏腰包。
n. [解剖] 脚；英尺；步调；末尾
 - last, trilby
vi. 步行；跳舞；总计
 - hoof it, pad
vt. 支付；给……换底
 - Make Payment, disburse

Word: notch
Front: notch
[nɒtʃ] (托雅宝 9472/14781 -1)
Vocabulary: notch
(once / 1135 pages)
nv
A notch is a small cut or nick in something. People make notches to keep track of things.
If you've even seen a little U-shaped or V-shaped cut in something, you've seen a notch. In prison, criminals will make notches on the wall to keep track of how long they've been there. If you're stranded on a desert island, you might make notches on a tree. When you make a notch, you're notching. A notch is also part of a mountain range that is lower than the peaks around it — also called a mountain pass.
WORD FAMILY
notch: notched, notches, notching+/notched: unnotched
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eight goals were selected for a public vote with Mkhitaryan's effort - also against Sunderland, on 26 December - notching up 39.9%.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Kansas State: The Wildcats notched their first win in a conference opener since defeating Oklahoma State in 2014.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
At first, this was just another notch in the radical belt, an endurance test for a committed militant.
New York Times(Jan 12, 2012)
Back: n. (V字形的)槽口; 刻痕; <美>峡谷; 等级
vt. 砍，切; 在…上作刻痕、开槽口; 作刻痕计算; 得分
时态：notched, notching, notches
分布：等级(38%)，切口(33%)，刻痕(13%)，赢得(8%)，计分(4%)，刻凹痕(4%)
→词源不详，可能来自nick,刻痕，引申词义等级。拼写比较bake,batch.
【记】读：no齿，一个人没有门牙，形成V形凹槽
【反】serrated（adj 锯齿状的）－without notches（没有刻痕的）
US [nɑ:tʃ] noun countable
CUT 切割
■a V-shaped cut in a hard surface （硬物表面的）V形槽口，V形切口
• The stick has two notches, one at each end. 这根木棍两端各有一个V形切口。
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] noun countable
POSITION 位置
■an imaginary point or position in a system of comparing values, where a higher position is better and a lower position is worse 等级，档次
• Among current players, she is rated a notch above (= is better than) the rest. 在现役运动员中，她比其他人要高出一个等级。
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] verb transitive
■to cut a notch in something 在…上切V形槽口，在…上刻V形切口
UK [nɒtʃ] US [nɑ:tʃ] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] notch sth up informal
■to achieve something 取得，获得
• She has recently notched up her third win at a major tennis tournament. 最近，她在一项重要的网球锦标赛中获胜，取得了她的第三次胜利。
n. [木] 刻痕，凹口；等级；峡谷
 - degree, classification, score, grade, rate
vt. 赢得；用刻痕计算；在…上刻凹痕
 - win, purchase

Word: exorbitant
Front: exorbitant
[ɪgˈzɔ:bɪtənt] (托雅宝 16520/18828)
Vocabulary: exorbitant
(once / 2706 pages)
adj
Use the adjective exorbitant when you want to describe something that is really just too much! You'll often hear people griping about exorbitant bank fees or exorbitant interest rates.
The adjective exorbitant was originally a legal term to describe a case that was outside the bounds of the law. It comes from the Latin roots — the prefix ex, meaning "out of," and orbita, meaning "wheel track." You can see how the word now has come to be described as something that has gone way off the beaten track, especially in terms of price and value.
WORD FAMILY
exorbitant: exorbitance, exorbitantly+/ exorbitance: exorbitances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Shapira reprimanded the prime minister again that same year, saying living and hospitality expenses for both his official residence and private home were exorbitant.
Wall Street Journal(Jan 02, 2017)
It accuses wealthy business owners of hoarding food and charging exorbitant prices, creating artificial shortages to profit from the country’s misery.
New York Times(Jun 19, 2016)
The Chavez family lost their home after Omar was injured, which prevented him from working – and then faced the area’s exorbitant rent costs.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 过度的，极高的
分布：过分的(74%)，不合法的(26%)
→ex-, 向外。orbit, 轨道。即偏离正常轨道的，引申义价格高得离谱的。
过分的,过度的(exhu+orbit轨道+ant→出轨的,过分的)[orbit=circle,表示"圆圈"]
【记】ex出，orbit（n 轨道；生活常规）－走出常规－过分的
【参】n （价格、要求等）过高；（性格、行为等）过分（不好）
US [-'z:ɔr.bə.tˌənt] adjective
■Exorbitant prices and demands, etc. are much too large （价格、要求等）过分的，过高的，离谱的
• The bill for dinner was exorbitant. 晚餐的价钱太高了。
adj. （要价等）过高的；（性格等）过分的；不在法律范围之内的
 - excessive, ultra, tall

Word: abstract
Front: abstract
[ˈæbstrækt] (高研四六托雅宝 4007/3729 -2)
Vocabulary: abstract
(once / 249 pages)
1adjvn 2nv 3v
Use the adjective abstract for something that is not a material object or is general and not based on specific examples.
Abstract is from a Latin word meaning "pulled away, detached," and the basic idea is of something detached from physical, or concrete, reality. It is frequently used of ideas, meaning that they don't have a clear applicability to real life, and of art, meaning that it doesn't pictorially represent reality. It is also used as a noun, especially in the phrase "in the abstract" (a joke has a person laying down a new sidewalk saying "I like little boys in the abstract, but not in the concrete"), and as a verb (accented on the second syllable), meaning "to remove."
WORD FAMILY
abstract: abstracted, abstracter, abstracting, abstraction, abstractive, abstractly, abstractness, abstractor, abstracts, semiabstract+/abstracted: abstractedly, abstractedness/ abstraction: abstractionism, abstractions, semi-abstraction/abstractionism: abstractionist/abstractionist: abstractionists/abstractive: abstractively/abstractor: abstractors
USAGE EXAMPLES
Movements are born in the moments when abstract principles become concrete concerns.
The New Yorker(Dec 31, 2016)
From then on, slightly abstract, sometimes surreal touches are added to this realistic backdrop.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
There also are small abstract paintings — and lots of gold leaf, symbolic of divinity in many cultures.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 抽象的，理论上的; 难解的; 抽象派的; 茫然的
n. 抽象概念; 抽象派艺术作品; 摘要; [化]萃取物
vt. 提取，分离; 转移（注意等）; 概括，摘录; <婉辞>剽窃
时态：abstracted, abstracting, abstracts
→前缀abs-为ab-变体，离开。词根tract,拉，见attract，吸引。
抽象的;心不在焉的(abs+tract拉→被拉开→心不在焉)[ab-,abs-加在词根前,表示"相反,变坏,离去"等]
抽出a.抽象的(abs离开+tract→拉出,抽出)[tract=draw,表示"拉,拖"]
a.抽象的n.摘要,梗概vt.提取;摘录要点The distracted reader can't be absorbed in the abstract extract.心神纷乱的读者无法专心于抽象的节录.
【参】intractable（adj 倔强的）；contract（n 合同，v 收缩）
【反】elaborate（adj 详细阐述的）
adjective
GENERAL 笼统的
 ADVANCED
■existing as an idea, feeling or quality, not as a material object 抽象的；纯理论的，纯概念的
• Truth and beauty are abstract concepts. 真和美都是抽象的概念。
 ADVANCED
■describes an argument or discussion that is general and not based on particular examples （辩论或讨论）抽象的，空泛的，空洞的
• This debate is becoming too abstract - let's have some hard facts! 这场辩论变得太空洞了——拿出一些具体的事实根据来吧！
the abstract
 ADVANCED
■general ideas 抽象概念；理论
• I have difficulty dealing with the abstract - let's discuss particular cases. 我难以理解抽象概念，我们讨论一些具体的事例吧。
• So far we've only discussed the question in the abstract (= without referring to any real examples). 目前我们只是笼统地讨论过这个问题。
['æb.strækt] adjective
ART 艺术
■describes a type of painting, drawing or sculpture which tries to represent the real or imagined qualities of objects or people by using shapes, lines and colour, and does not try to show their outer appearance as it would be seen in a photograph 抽象（派）的
• abstract art 抽象艺术
• an abstract painter 抽象派画家
['æb.strækt] noun countable
SHORT DOCUMENT 简短文献
■a shortened form of a speech, article, book, etc., giving only the most important facts or ideas 摘要；梗概；概要
• There is a section at the end of the magazine which includes abstracts of recent articles/books. 杂志的最后一部分收录了近期发表的文章／出版的书籍的摘要。
['æb.strækt] noun countable
ART 艺术
■a painting which represents the qualities of something, not its outer appearance 抽象画；抽象派艺术作品
abstract, summary, resume, digest, outline
这组词都有“摘要、概要、概括”的意思，其区别是：
abstract: 指论文、书籍等正文前的内容摘要，尤指学术论文或法律文件的研究提要。
summary: 普通用词，指将书籍或文章等的内容，用寥寥数语作简明扼要的说明。
resume: 源于洁语，与summary极相近，通常可互换使用。
digest: 侧重对原文融汇贯通，重新谋篇布局，以简明扼要的语言，简短篇幅成文，展现原作精华。
outline: 指配以释议文字的提纲。
abstract, subtract, contract, attract
abstract: vt 抽取；
subtract: vt 减去
contract: vt 使缩小（招致，染上（疾病等））；
attract: vt 吸引；
n. [图情] 摘要；抽象；抽象的概念
 - brief, summary, resume
adj. 抽象的；深奥的
 - deep, nonobjective
vt. [图情] 摘要；提取；使……抽象化
 - extract, brief

Word: mandated
Front: mandated
[ˈmændeɪtɪd] (16611/-)
Back: adj. 委托统治的
分布：委托统治的(100%)
N-COUNT
(政府或经选举组建的机构的)授权，委托
If a government or other elected body has a mandate to carry out a particular policy or task, they have the authority to carry it out as a result of winning an election or vote.
例：The President and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a mandate for continued economic reform...总统及其支持者几乎肯定地认为这次投票是对继续进行经济改革的授权。
例：The union already has a mandate from its conference to ballot for a strike .工会已经得到大会的授权为罢工进行投票。
N-COUNT
授权;委托;委任
If someone is given a mandate to carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it.
例：How much longer does the independent prosecutor have a mandate to pursue this investigation?...独立检察官受命调查这件事还要多长时间？
例：A mandate from the UN would be needed before any plans could be implemented.执行任何计划都需要联合国的授权。
N-COUNT
任期；在任期；统治期
You can refer to the fixed length of time that a country's leader or government remains in office as their mandate .
例：...his intention to leave politics once his mandate ends.他关于任期一满就离开政界的打算。
VERB
授权;委任
When someone is mandated to carry out a particular policy or task, they are given the official authority to do it.
例：He'd been mandated by the West African Economic Community to go in and to enforce a ceasefire...他受西非经济共同体的委托介入并执行停火协定。
例：The elections are mandated by a peace accord signed by the government last May.选举是在去年5月政府签署的和平协议的授权下进行的。
VERB
批准;颁布;强制执行
To mandate something means to make it mandatory.
例：The proposed initiative would mandate a reduction of carbon dioxide of 40%...倡议将强制规定把二氧化碳排放量降低40%。
例：Quebec mandated that all immigrants send their children to French schools.魁北克省颁布法令，强制所有移民将子女送进法语学校就读。

Word: executioner
Front: executioner
[ˌeksɪˈkju:ʃənə(r)] (16623/16384)
Vocabulary: executioner
(once / 1135 pages)
n
An executioner is a government official who kills people sentenced to death. Executioners kill legally.
There are many people who kill, such as murderers, soldiers, and hunters. Another is the executioner, whose job is to kill. If a king or legal system has decided that someone will be put to death, it's the executioner's job to kill them. Over time, executioners have used hanging, beheading, lethal injections, the electric chair, and many other ways of executing (killing). Without a doubt, being an executioner is one of the grimmest jobs in the world.
WORD FAMILY
executioner: executioners+/executable: executability/executant: executants/ execute: executable, executant, executed, executes, executing, execution, executive, executor / execution: executioner, executions/ executive: executively, executives/ executor: executors
USAGE EXAMPLES
This year, he became something rarer still: an executioner who wanted to tell the world about his crimes.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
There were executioners to quiet those whom the Emperor proscribed.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Under current protocol, executioners are not seen administering the drug.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 行刑者，死刑执行者
分布：刽子手(100%)
→来自execute,执行。词义用来指执行死刑。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to execute criminals 刽子手；行刑者
n. 刽子手，死刑执行人
 - slaughterman, deathsman

Word: televise
Front: televise
[ˈtelɪvaɪz] (托 16618/22078 -2)
Vocabulary: televise
(once / 193 pages)
v
You're most likely to televise something if you work at a TV station — to televise is to transmit or broadcast on a television.
A high school with a winning basketball team might decide to televise games on a local station so everyone in town can watch them on TV. Judges presiding over trials sometimes allow news channels to televise them, although often they don't. The verb televise grew out of the word television, modeled on verbs like revise and advise. The word television combines tele, "far off" in Greek, and vision, "something seen in the imagination," from a Latin root.
WORD FAMILY
televise: televised, televises, televising, television+/television: televisions
USAGE EXAMPLES
There are 49 nationally televised games in January, including 17 NBA TV telecasts.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Trump, who became antiabortion late in life, sent mixed messages about Planned Parenthood, praising its non-abortion work in televised debates.
Washington Post(Jan 01, 2017)
It’ll be fun to see Cabinet meetings televised and end with a firing.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 由电视播送; 摄制成电视节目; 实况播送; （用电视机）收看
vi. 电视播放
时态：televised, televising, televises
分布：用电视放映(100%)
US [-ə-] verb transitive
■to show or broadcast on television 用电视播放，在电视上播出
• The match will be televised live (= shown as it is being played) on BBC Scotland. 这场比赛将由英国广播公司苏格兰电视台进行实况转播。

Word: baffling
Front: baffling
['bæflɪŋ] (16537/19956)
Vocabulary: baffling
(once / 2721 pages)
adj
If something is baffling, it's completely confusing or mysterious. You might find your friend's hatred for the taste of chocolate utterly baffling.
A good mystery novel begins with a baffling crime — one that seems at first nearly impossible to solve. You might also find your math homework baffling or wander around the baffling snarl of streets in a city with no idea where you are. The earliest meaning of baffling was nautical, describing winds blowing in all directions. It comes from the verb baffle, which first meant "to disgrace" before it came to mean "to confuse."
WORD FAMILY
baffling: bafflingly+/ baffle: baffled, bafflement, baffles, baffling / baffled: unbaffled/bafflement: bafflements
USAGE EXAMPLES
Finding it would solve one of science’s most baffling mysteries and explain why galaxies are not ripped apart by stars flying off into deep space.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
As a liberal-minded academic, I sometimes find their political views baffling.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
But even they and their friends acknowledge the story is baffling.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 令人困惑的，难对付的，难解的
v. 使困难，使为难( baffle的现在分词 )
分布：令人困惑的(86%)，动词baffle的现在分词形式.(14%)
VERB
使困惑；把…难住
If something baffles you, you cannot understand it or explain it.
例：An apple tree producing square fruit is baffling experts.一棵结方形苹果的树令专家大惑不解。
adj. 令人困惑的；阻碍的；令人丧气的；变幻的
 - retardative, impedimentary
v. 使困惑；挫败（baffle的ing形式）
 - confounding

Word: destitute
Front: destitute
[ˈdestɪtju:t] (宝 16544/18505 -1)
Vocabulary: destitute
(once / 695 pages)
adj
When you think of the word destitute, which means poor or lacking other necessities of life, think of someone who is in desperate straits. A very, very tight budget is poor. Living on the streets is destitute.
Destitute essentially means not having something. When you're destitute in the sense of being poor, you're technically "destitute of money." You can be destitute of other things as well. If all your friends have abandoned you, you're "destitute of friends." If you are applying for a job as a waitress but have never worked in a restaurant in any capacity, you're "destitute of experience."
WORD FAMILY
destitute
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mr. Trump is considered likely to abandon that pledge, thumbing Uncle Sam’s nose at the world’s destitute people.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Destitute retirees impose costs on everyone, adding pressure on taxpayer-funded public support systems and younger generations.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
Pakistan’s legendary philanthropist who devoted his life to the poor and the destitute.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 极度缺乏的; 贫乏的; 穷困的; 无的
n. 赤贫者
vt. 使穷困，使贫穷; 夺去，使丧失
分布：穷困的(53%)，缺乏的(34%)，赤贫的(13%)
→de-, 不，非，使没有。-stit, 站，词源同stand, institute.即使无立足之地，引申义贫困。
缺乏的;贫穷的(de没有+stitute→没有建立→缺乏的)[atitut,stit=setup,place,表示"建立,放"]
【记】de反，stitute建立－把房子拆了－穷困的destitute的地方没有能力institute
【参】institute（v 创建）；restitute（v 复原；归还）；destitution（n 穷困；缺乏）
US [-tˌɪ.tu:t] adjective
■without money, food, a home or possessions 一无所有的，赤贫的，一贫如洗的
• The floods left thousands of people destitute. 洪水使数千人一贫如洗。
adj. 穷困的；无的；缺乏的
 - lacking, impoverished
vt. 使穷困；夺去
 - carry off, take sth off

Word: rumbling
Front: rumbling
[ˈrʌmblɪŋ] (16506/19619 -1)
Back: n. 隆隆声; 辘辘声
v. 隆隆响( rumble的现在分词); 低沉地说; （车辆）辘辘行驶
分布：隆隆声(78%)，辘辘声(14%)，动词rumble的现在分词.(4%)，隆隆响的(4%)
/'-blɪŋ] noun
countable usually plural
■a sign of anger or disagreement 不满情绪；不满的迹象
• There are rumblings of annoyance throughout the workforce. 员工们普遍流露出怨愤情绪。
countable usually singular
■a continuous low sound 发出隆隆声；发出辘辘声；发出低沉连续的响声
• the rumbling of distant guns/thunder 远处隆隆的炮声／雷声
n. 隆隆声；辘辘声
 - thrump, brattle

Word: dimple
Front: dimple
[ˈdɪmpl] (宝 16600/25287)
Vocabulary: dimple
(once / 1170 pages)
nv
A dimple is a small indentation in a surface. A dimple on your cheek is cute, but a dimple on your car door is not so cute.
A dimple can be an imperfection or tiny dent, but it's often a little cleft in a person's cheek or chin. People whose dimples show when they smile are particularly charming, and a dimpled chin is often considered quite handsome. One theory of the word's origin is that it meant "pothole" in Old English, from a Proto-Germanic root.
WORD FAMILY
dimple: dimpled, dimples, dimpling
USAGE EXAMPLES
By design, a golf ball’s dimples produce just such a turbulent layer and minimize its drag.
Science Magazine(Nov 28, 2016)
“This is immediate, emergency relief and it’s an emergency situation,” said Dimple Chaudhary, a senior attorney with the defense council.
New York Times(Nov 10, 2016)
Laila loved running her finger over Aziza’s pleasing, soft skin, over the dimpled knuckles, the folds of fat at her elbows.
Khaled Hosseini, A Thousand Splendid Suns(2007)
Back: n. 酒窝，笑窝
vt. & vi. 使起微凹，（使）现出酒窝
时态：dimpled, dimpling, dimples
分布：酒窝(87%)，涟漪(13%)
→词源同dip, 浸。引申词义小洞，酒窝。
【记】dim（adj 模糊的）：一般来说酒窝是模糊的
noun countable
■a small hollow place, especially one which appears on a person's face when they smile （尤指人面部的）酒窝；浅凹
• Freddie was an angelic-looking child with blond curly hair, blue eyes and dimples. 弗雷迪是一个有着天使般面孔的孩子，一头金色的鬈发，蓝色的眼睛，还有一对小酒窝儿。
• The pane of glass had a small dimple in it. 这面玻璃上有一个小坑。
vt. 使起涟漪；使现酒窝
 - wimple
n. 酒窝；涟漪；浅凹
 - Sparkling Raindrops, lipper
vi. 出现酒窝；起涟漪
 - wimple

Word: liberally
Front: liberally
['lɪbərəlɪ] (托 16524/14214)
Back: adv. 不受限制地，公平地，大方地; 从优
分布：大方地(60%)，大量地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
开明的；开通的；（个人）自由主义的
Someone who has liberal views believes people should have a lot of freedom in deciding how to behave and think.
例：She is known to have liberal views on divorce and contraception.众所周知，她在离婚与避孕方面思想很开明。
ADJ-GRADED
（制度等）开放的；（政治或经济上）自由主义的
A liberal system allows people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom.
例：...a liberal democracy with a multiparty political system...多党政制的自由民主国家
例：They favour liberal free-market policies.他们支持开放的自由市场政策。
ADJ
自由党的;支持自由党的
A Liberal politician or voter is a member of a Liberal Party or votes for a Liberal Party.
例：The Liberal leader has announced his party's withdrawal from the ruling coalition.自由党领袖已宣布该党退出执政联盟。
ADJ-GRADED
慷慨的；肆意的；大量的；丰富的
Liberal means giving, using, or taking a lot of something, or existing in large quantities.
例：As always he is liberal with his jokes...像平时一样，他出口就是笑话。
例：She made liberal use of her elder sister's make-up and clothes.她随便把姐姐的化妆品和衣服拿来用。
adv. 大方地；自由地；公平地；充足地
 - freely, fairly, equally, enough

Word: skit
Front: skit
[skɪt] (宝 16515/39540)
Back: n. 讽刺文; 小喜剧; <口>若干; 一群
分布：滑稽短剧(87%)，讽刺文章(13%)
→来自古义 skit,轻快的跑，来自古诺斯语 skjata,投掷，射，词源同 shoot.后用于指唐突无礼或 恣意妄为的女孩，再后用于指讽刺评论，讽刺文章，滑稽短剧。
【记】两个男人穿着skirt演skit，发生skirmish。
【参】skittish（adj 女人轻佻的；轻快活泼的）
noun countable
■a short funny play which makes a joke of something 幽默短剧
• I thought the skit on politicians was really funny. 我觉得这出讽刺政客的幽默短剧确实很好笑。

Word: sobriety
Front: sobriety
[səˈbraɪəti] (宝 16615/33009)
Vocabulary: sobriety
(once / 2497 pages)
n
Sobriety is the state of being sober, which can mean either not intoxicated or being solemn. If he takes a drink, an alcoholic ends a stretch of sobriety. You might note sobriety in the stands when your team is losing.
When thinking about sobriety, think about the Puritans, and the way they kept the Sabbath. For them, even laughing on a Sunday was seen as an excessive display. Known for sobriety, they preferred a day marked by prayer and contemplation. It goes without saying that they frowned upon the consumption of any form of alcohol––favoring sobriety of both kinds.
WORD FAMILY
sobriety: insobriety, sobrieties
USAGE EXAMPLES
Police say Caldwell failed a field sobriety test leaving the MGM National Harbor on opening night.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
A voluntary 24/7 sobriety program passed the Senate last year but stalled in the House, with MADD, civil libertarians and others raising opposition.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
State police will be conducting sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols in all of the state’s 33 counties next month.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 清醒; 未醉; 严肃; 节制
分布：清醒(57%)，节制(22%)，严肃(21%)
→sober,冷静的，清醒的，-ety,名词后缀。
头脑清醒;朴实(sober头脑清醒)[-ety表名词"状态"]
【反】sumptuousness（n 奢侈；豪华）；flippancy（adj 无礼；轻率）；trepidation（n 颤抖）
US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
NOT DRUNK 未醉的
■the state of being sober 未醉，清醒
• US The police said his car had been weaving all over the road, so they pulled him over and gave him a sobriety test. 员警说他的车在路上一直开得摇摇晃晃的，因此叫他停了下来，帮他做了酒精测试。
UK [sə'braɪ.ɪ.ti] US [-ə.tˌi] formal
noun uncountable
SERIOUS 严肃的
■seriousness 严肃，庄重
• We had the priest sitting at our table which instilled a little sobriety into the occasion. 我们让神父坐在桌前，整个场合增添了一丝庄重。
n. 清醒，冷静；节制；严肃
 - levelheadedness, calmness

Word: peddler
Front: peddler
[ˈpedlə(r)] (16593/46529)
Vocabulary: peddler
(once / 2677 pages)
n
A peddler is a specific type of salesperson: someone who travels from town to town selling their wares.
A peddler is someone who sells things, but it's a very specific type of selling. Peddlers — also known as hawkers and pitchmen — travel from town to town, especially with a carnival or circus. Peddlers are also found on the street, selling many different things, from jewelry to DVDs. There's a shady implication to this word, since peddlers have included people selling snake oil and other worthless products. Instead of buying from a peddler, you're probably better off at a store.
WORD FAMILY
peddler: peddlers+/ peddle: peddled, peddler, peddles, peddling/peddling: peddlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Peddler’s Pantry item was sold in 2 ounce size and dated Dec. 25 through March 27.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s a world where the peddlers of lies at Breitbart pretend to fact-check the Guardian’s reporting on the US border.
The Guardian(Dec 21, 2016)
The historic Peddler’s Village features 65 retail shops and merchants.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. <主新闻>不法商贩，（尤指）毒贩
分布：小贩(92%)，毒品贩(5%)，=pedlar.(3%)
→可能来自拉丁语pedis,脚，词源同foot,biped.用于指古代走街串巷的小贩。
US [-lɚ] noun countable (mainly UK pedlar)
■especially in the past, a person who travelled to different places to sell small goods, usually by going from house to house （尤指旧时沿街叫卖的）小贩
■(mainly UK pedlar) disapproving
■someone who gives ideas to other people （思想的）散布者，兜售者
• a peddler of New Age philosophies 到处散播新时代哲学思想的人
(drug) peddler old-fashioned
■someone who sells illegal drugs to people 毒品贩子
n. 小贩；传播者
 - pedlar, conveyor

Word: cuff
Front: cuff
[kʌf] (宝 6960/10028 -1)
Vocabulary: cuff
(once / 1264 pages)
1nv 2n 3v
A cuff is the very end of a long sleeve or the rolled bottom of your jeans. You might prefer to wear a cuff on the bottom of your pants in order to show off your striped socks.
One kind of cuff is at the end of your sleeve or trouser leg, and another is a type of jewelry you might wear around your wrist, like a wide gold cuff. You can also use the word cuff as shorthand for handcuff, the silver kind that police officers put on suspects' wrists during an arrest. The mid-fourteenth century version was cuffe, and it meant "mitten or glove," from the Medieval Latin cuffia, or "head covering.
WORD FAMILY
cuff: cuffed, cuffing, cuffs
USAGE EXAMPLES
This is the spirit of dissent, whether beautifully modulated or off the cuff.
Slate(Dec 26, 2016)
In the visitors’ locker room, he joked with folks around him as an equipment man fastened his cuff links.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Blood pressure measurements, for example, often rely on bulky cuffs around a patient’s arm and offer only a snapshot reading.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 袖口，护腕，裤子翻边; <俚>手铐; 护腕
vt. 给…上袖口（或翻边）; 用手铐铐; 击掌; 轻拍
时态：cuffed, cuffing, cuffs
分布：袖口(85%)，掴(5%)，巴掌(4%)，为...上袖口(2%)，带手铐(2%)，轻拍(2%)
→词源不确定，可能同cap,帽子。
【记】cuff本身是词根：手
【参】handcuffs（n 手铐）
noun countable
MATERIAL 材料
■the thicker material at the end of a sleeve nearest the hand 袖口
■US (UK turn-up)
■the part of a trouser leg that is turned up （裤脚的）翻边
[kʌf] noun countable
HIT 击打
■when you hit someone with your hand in a light, joking way （开玩笑地）轻拍，轻打
• She gave him a playful cuff on the shoulder. 她顽皮地在他肩头轻拍了一下。
[kʌf] noun countable
HANDCUFFS 手铐
cuffs [plural] informal for
■ handcuffs
[kʌf] noun countable
off the cuff
■If you speak off the cuff, you say something without having prepared or thought about your words first 未经准备；未加思索；即兴地
• I hadn't prepared a speech so I just said a few words off the cuff. 我没准备发言，所以就随便说了几句。
• an off-the-cuff remark 即兴评论
[kʌf] verb transitive
HIT 击打
■to hit someone with your hand in a light, joking way （开玩笑地）轻拍，轻打
• His brother cuffed him playfully round the head. 他哥哥开玩笑地在他头上拍了几下。
[kʌf] verb transitive
HANDCUFFS 手铐 informal
■to put someone's hands in handcuffs （为某人）戴上手铐
• He was led out of the dock with his hands cuffed behind his back. 他被带下被告席时双手被铐在背后。
n. 袖口，裤子翻边；手铐；一巴掌
 - wristband, shackles
vi. 殴斗，拳击
 - box

Word: feces
Front: feces
['fi:si:z] (16631/-)
Vocabulary: feces
(once / 16624 pages)
n
Feces is a technical word for poop: the brown stuff you excrete from your butt. Everyone makes feces.
Also called a bowel movement or stool — plus hundreds of terms in slang — feces is the solid waste material your body makes when you go number two. This isn't the word you'd probably use with your buddies, but it is the right word if you're writing a paper or talking to a teacher. Talking about feces can seem funny, but it's pretty important: if you couldn't make feces, you'd die.
WORD FAMILY
feces
USAGE EXAMPLES
The feces and food was smeared in a window near an electric Menorah and a sign wishing people a happy Hanukkah.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The front window was smeared with feces and rice, in close proximity to a menorah display.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 25, 2016)
That evening, after throwing up a large quantity of matter that smelled of feces, she lost consciousness.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 粪，屎，渣滓; 粪便
分布：粪便(69%)，排泄物(24%)，渣滓(7%)
→来自拉丁语faeces, 渣滓，沉积物。
plural noun mainly US for faeces
n. [生理] 排泄物；渣滓
 - leaving, egesta

Word: heave
Front: heave
[hi:v] (研六托雅宝 9170/6714 -1)
Vocabulary: heave
(once / 329 pages)
1vn 2vn 3vn 4v
When you heave something, you haul or lift a heavy object. You might not realize how fat your cat has become until you have to heave him out of the way to make room for yourself on the sofa.
You heave a heavy object when you lift it, like when you heave piles of wet snow out of your driveway with a shovel, and you can heave yourself out of bed in the morning, if it takes a huge effort to get yourself into a vertical position. You can even heave a heavy sigh, which simply means you sigh loudly. To vomit is also sometimes described as heaving, describing the unpleasant effort of your stomach muscles.
WORD FAMILY
heave: heaved, heaver, heaves, heaving, hove+/heaver: heavers/heaving: heavings
USAGE EXAMPLES
A blitzing Foster pressured Browning into the desperation heave that Anderson swiped for a 17-7 halftime lead.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
With blitzing linebacker Reuben Foster bearing down on him, Browning desperately heaved a pass into the flats for Lavon Coleman.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Van Hove’s troupe translated the quest for political domination into a universal language as timeless as it was modern.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: vt. 举起; 投掷; 使起伏; 呕吐
vt. & vi. 喘息; 呕吐
vi. 起伏; （山丘等）隆起; 拖; 气喘
n. 举起; 波动; 隆起; 呕吐
时态：heaved, heaving, heaves
分布：起伏(28%)，举(19%)，扔(14%)，抛(11%)，用力举起(10%)，恶心(10%)，抛出(8%)
→来自古英语hebban,举起，提起，词源同heavy.
v.(用力)举,提,拉;扔;拖;呕吐n.举起Somebody heaved a stone at us.有人朝我们投掷石块.
【记】大力士能够heave那个heaven（n 天；天堂）
verb
MOVE 移动
intransitive or transitive [usually + adv/prep]
■to move something heavy using a lot of effort 拉，推，举起，移动（重物）
• He heaved the bag onto his shoulder 他把袋子扛上肩膀。
• He cleared a space, heaving boxes out of the way. 他搬开箱子挪出一处空间。
transitive usually + adverb or preposition informal
■to throw something forcefully, especially something large and heavy 扔，投掷（尤指笨重物）
• She picked up a great book and heaved it at him. 她拿起一本大书就朝他扔过去。
intransitive
■If something heaves, it makes one or more large movements up and down 上下起伏
• As the wind increased, the deck of the ship began to heave beneath his feet. 随着风力增大，轮船甲板开始在他脚下颠簸起来。
[hi:v] verb
VOMIT 呕吐
intransitive
■to feel as if you are going to vomit 恶心，想吐
• The smell of the fish made me/my stomach heave. 鱼的味道让我一阵恶心。
[hi:v] verb
heave a sigh of relief
■to suddenly feel very happy because something unpleasant has not happened or has ended 松一口气
• We both heaved a sigh of relief when she left. 她离开后我们俩都松了一口气。
[hi:v] noun countable
■when you throw, push or pull something with a lot of effort 投掷；推；拉
• They gave a great heave and rolled the boulder out of the way. 他们一起用力将大石头推到路旁。
fling, throw, cast, heave, toss, hurl, pitch
这组词都有“抛、投、掷”的意思，其区别是：
fling: 指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。
throw: 普通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。
cast: 常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。
heave: 指把重物举起后扔出。
toss: 指无什么目的地、轻轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。
hurl: 通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。
pitch: 指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。
elevate, raise, hoist, heave, lift, boost
这组词都有“升起，举起”的意思，其区别是：
elevate: 较正式用词，指位置、高度的升高，多作比喻用，指职位、品德等的提高。
raise: 较正式用词，常可与lift换用，但强调把某物举起或抬起到应有的高度。常用比喻。
hoist: 多指用绳索、滑轮等机械把重物升起。
heave: 指需花大力气或借外力才能举起或抬起重物。
lift: 指用人力或机械力把某物升到较高的位置。
boost: 原义指从后面或下面推起或提高，现常用于指提高价格、振作精神等抽象概念。
vt. 举起；使起伏；投掷；恶心；发出（叹息等）
 - lift up, hold up
vi. 起伏；举起；喘息；呕吐
 - wave, roll
n. 举起；起伏；投掷；一阵呕吐
 - up with, putting, fluctuation, cast, lift

Word: keg
Front: keg
[keg] (16636/24867)
Vocabulary: keg
(once / 2224 pages)
n
A keg is a metal container for liquids, especially beer. A keg typically holds less than thirty gallons.
Bars and pubs have plenty of kegs, each containing different brands and types of beer, and occasionally they'll also have kegs of root beer or other soft drinks. When a large quantity of carbonated liquid is needed, a keg works well because it keeps its contents under pressure. The original kegs were made of wood, and in addition to beverages, they also held things like gunpowder and nails. Keg comes from the Old Norse kaggi, "cask or keg."
WORD FAMILY
keg: kegful, kegs
USAGE EXAMPLES
Then he turned to the bank of wooden kegs under the stained-glass windows to fill the beer-lover’s order.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
But its Christmas ale – available, to my intense delight, in a DIY keg – is its wintry, fireside twin.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
It is just allowed to be what it is, which is an intense and visually engrossing powder keg of a film.
Salon(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 小桶
分布：名词(100%)
→来自古诺斯语kaggi,小桶。
noun countable
■a small barrel usually used for storing beer or other alcoholic drinks （通常用于储放啤酒或其他酒类用的）小桶
n. 小桶
 - kilderkin, rundlet

Word: synthesizer
Front: synthesizer
[ˈsɪnθəsaɪzə(r)] (托 16622/34157 -1)
Back: n. 合成者，合成物; 合成器，综合器
分布：合成器(87%)，综合器(13%)
→synthesize,使合成，-er,表物。
US [-zɚ] noun countable
■an electronic keyboard instrument which can reproduce and combine a large range of recorded sounds, often in order to copy other musical instruments or voices 电子音响合成器，电声合成器
n. [电子] 合成器；合成者
 - hybrider

Word: woolen
Front: woolen
['wʊlɪn] (托 16629/-)
Back: adj. 羊毛制的，羊毛的; 毛织品的
n. 毛织品，羊毛织物，毛料衣服
分布：羊毛的(32%)，毛制品(26%)，毛织的(21%)，羊毛制的(21%)
羊毛制的(wool羊毛)[-en 1.表动词"变成"2.表形容词"由…制成",通常加在名词后面3.表名词"人或物"]
n. 毛织品
 - haircloth, woollen fabric

Word: inverse
Front: inverse
[ˌɪnˈvɜ:s] (研四托宝 16580/15867)
Vocabulary: inverse
(once / 4127 pages)
adjn
If you notice that the more money you have, the less money your brother has, you’ve discovered an inverse relationship: when your bank account increases, his decreases.
The word inverse traces back to the Latin inversus, from the past participle of invertere, meaning “turn upside down" or "turn about.” It’s a good word to use when you need to describe one of those topsy-turvy relationships in which when one thing goes up, the other goes down. It can also be used in a broader sense to mean “opposite.” You’ve probably heard someone begin a sentence by saying, “And the inverse was true for so and so . . .” That just means the opposite was true.
WORD FAMILY
inverse: inversely
USAGE EXAMPLES
The inverse, in other words, of what most other coaches do now.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
In that sense, this was the additive inverse of 2013’s Harlem Shake.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Like the inverse of that luminous, orderly piece, “Catacomb” was dark, tangled, subterranean, yet still pristine in its structure.
New York Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 相反的; 逆向的; 倒转的
n. 相反; 倒转; 相反的事物
vt. 使倒转; 使颠倒
分布：相反的(40%)，倒数(36%)，倒转的(15%)，相反的事物(6%)，负数(3%)
→来自invert,颠倒，倒置，-se,过去分词后缀。引申词义相反的，反向的。
翻转的(in进+vers+e→转进去→翻转的)[ver,ert=turn,表示"转"]
a.相反的,倒转的,反转的n.相反之物v.倒转Evil is the inverse of good.恶是善的反面.
【记】in反，verse转－反转－相反的
【参】invert（vt 使颠倒；使转化）
US [-'vɝ:s] adjective [before noun]
■opposite in relation to something else 相反的
• Their generosity was in inverse proportion/relation to their income (= the more money they had the less generous they were). 他们的慷慨程度与他们的收入水准成反比。
UK [ɪn'vɜ:s] US [-'vɝ:s] noun only singular formal
the inverse
■the opposite 相反，反面
• Dividing by two is the inverse of multiplying by two. 除以2与乘以2正好相反。
n. 相反；倒转
 - contrary, backdraft
adj. [电] 相反的；倒转的
 - contrary, opposite, adverse, counter, cross
vt. 使倒转；使颠倒
 - topsy-turvy

Word: intoxicate
Front: intoxicate
[ɪn'tɒksɪkeɪt] (托宝 16545/18916)
Vocabulary: intoxicate
(once / 530 pages)
v
Alcohol's effect on most people, especially when they drink too much of it, is to intoxicate them. If you're not used to drinking, a glass of Champagne may intoxicate you.
Beer, wine, and hard liquor can all intoxicate those who drink them. It's worth noting that in the fifteenth century, intoxicate meant "to poison." A less poisonous way to intoxicate is to "fill with delight or happiness." A gorgeous summer day might intoxicate you, or winning first prize in poetry contest.
WORD FAMILY
intoxicate: intoxicated, intoxicates, intoxicating, intoxication+/ intoxicated: unintoxicated/ intoxicating: intoxicatingly/intoxication: intoxications
USAGE EXAMPLES
A judge ordered Hamell to pay $1,875 in fines plus an additional amount in surcharges for operating while intoxicated and carrying weapons.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Recommendations include requiring bartenders and others who serve alcohol to be trained in identifying intoxicated customers.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Becky’s harshness toward herself is as faulty a self-perception as, say, a Dorothy Parker character intoxicated by her own beauty and refinement.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: vt. 使喝醉; 使陶醉; 使激动不已; 使欣喜若狂
时态：intoxicated, intoxicating, intoxicates
分布：使 ... 陶醉(50%)，下毒(50%)
使陶醉;使中毒(in使+toxic+ate→使中毒,陶醉[酒精中毒])[tox=poison表示"毒"]
vt. 使陶醉；使喝醉；使中毒
 - charm, liquor

Word: grandkid
Front: grandkid
[grændkid] (16619/-)
Back: n. （外）孙；（外）孙女

Word: word
Front: word
[wɜ:d] (中高 244/196 -K5)
Vocabulary: word
(once / 11 pages)
nv
A word is a unit of language that native speakers can agree upon as a separate and distinct unit of meaning. Languages are made up of words. You must like words since you are here, on this word site.
If you say "What's the good word?" you’re not actually asking for a word — you’re asking, "How are you?" or "What's doing?" But if you ask "What's the word on that restaurant?" you're asking for an opinion. You can also "give your word," but that means that you're promising something; you're giving an oath. If your friend asks what you think of his girlfriend, you may want to word your response carefully — to watch your words.
WORD FAMILY
word: reword, worded, wording, wordless, words+/reword: reworded, rewording, rewords/wording: wordings/wordless: wordlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
For instance, Aiava was asked what words of wisdom her mother imparted after the historic win.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But Dayton vetoed the package due to a costly wording error, and plans to revive it in special session never materialized.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
He rubbed his hands together and kept repeating those words: “It hurts.”
Los Angeles Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 单词; 话语; 诺言; 消息
vt. 措辞，用词; 用言语表达
vi. 讲话
时态：worded, wording, words
分布：单词(68%)，诺言(15%)，消息(10%)，话语(6%)，用词语表达(1%)
→来自were,说，词源同verb,proverb.
n.词,词语;言语,话;谈话;消息,信息What does this word mean?这个词什么意思?
US [wɝ:d] noun
LANGUAGE UNIT 语言单位
 ESSENTIAL countable
■a single unit of language which has meaning and can be spoken or written 词；字；单词
• Your essay should be no more than two thousand words long. 你的论文不应超过2000字。
• Some words are more difficult to spell than others. 有些词比其他的词难拼写。
• What's the word for bikini in French? 法语中的“比基尼”怎么说？
• It's sometimes difficult to find exactly the right word to express what you want to say. 有时很难找到恰当的词来表达你想说的意思。
the f-/c- etc. word
■used to refer to a word, usually a rude or embarrassing one, by saying only the first letter and not the whole word 通常是粗鲁或令人难堪的词，只说出该词的第一个字母来指代该词
• You're still not allowed to say the f-word on TV in the US. 在美国的电视上仍然不允许说那个以f开头的词。
• So how's the diet going - or would you rather I didn't mention the d-word? 节食进行得怎么样——也许你不愿意让我提那个以d开头的字。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
TALKING 简短的陈述
 IMPROVER only singular
■a short discussion or statement 简短的交谈，谈话
• The manager wants a word. 经理想谈一谈。
• Could I have a word (with you) about the sales figures? 我能（和你）就销售数字谈一谈吗？
• Perhaps you would have a quiet word with Simon (= gently explain to him) about the problem. 或许你可以和气地向赛门解释这件事。
words [plural]
■angry words 争吵，口角
• Both competitors had words (= argued) after the match. 两名参赛者在比赛后发生争吵。
• Words passed between both competitors (= They argued) after the match. 两名参赛者在比赛后发生争吵。
■disapproving
■discussion, rather than action 讨论（而非行动）
• I'm afraid so far there have been more words than action on the matter of childcare provision. 恐怕到目前为止，提供儿童保育的问题更多停留在讨论层面上，而较少付诸实行。
have/exchange words
■to talk to each other for a short time 简短交谈
• We exchanged a few words as we were coming out of the meeting. 我们走出会议室时匆匆交谈了几句。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
NEWS 消息
uncountable
■news or a message 消息；信息
• Have you had word from Paul since he went to New York? 自从保罗去纽约之后，你听到过他的消息吗？
• We got word of their plan from a former colleague. 我们从以前的一个同事那里得知他们的计划。
• Word of the discovery caused a stir among astronomers. 关于这项新发现的消息，在天文学家当中引起了轰动。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
PROMISE 诺言
only singular
■a promise 诺言；承诺
• I said I'd visit him and I shall keep my word. 我说过要去拜访他，我得说话算数。
• You have my word - I won't tell a soul. 我保证——我不会告诉别人。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
ORDER 命令
only singular
■an order 命令，指示
• We're waiting for the word from head office before making a statement. 我们正在等待总部的命令，之后才会发表声明。
• The troops will go into action as soon as their commander gives the word. 指挥官一下令，部队就会立即行动起来。
• At a word from their teacher, the children started to tidy away their books. 老师一下命令，孩子就开始收拾起他们的书来。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
breathe/say a word
■to tell other people about something 告诉别人，讲出去
• Don't say a word about the accident to my mother. 关于这场事故，一点都别告诉我妈妈。
• If you breathe a word of this to anyone, I'll be really upset. 如果你把这件事告诉别人，我就会非常生气。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
by word of mouth
■in speech but not in writing 口头上的
• All the orders were given by word of mouth so that no written evidence could be discovered later. 所有命令都是口头传达的，所以事后找不到任何书面证据。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
from the word go
■from the start of something 从一开始
• The bridge-building project had problems with funding right from the word go. 这个造桥工程从一开始资金就有问题。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
give your word formal
■to promise 承诺；保证
• He gave his word that he would marry her and she had no cause to doubt him. 他保证会与她结婚，她没有理由怀疑他。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
have a word in sb's ear
■to give someone a piece of advice or information secretly 悄悄地说；耳语
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
in a word
■said when you are going to give your opinion about something quickly and directly 简而言之，一言以蔽之
• In a word, she's lying. 一句话，她在说谎。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
in your own words
■If a person says something in their own words, they speak without copying what someone else has said. 用（某人）自己的话说
• The court has heard accounts of that night's events from several witnesses - now please tell us in your own words what you saw. 法庭已经听取了几位证人对那天晚上所发生事件的陈述，现在请你说说你看到的情况。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
in words of one syllable
■in simple language avoiding long, difficult or specialized words 用简单的话，用容易理解的话
• Could you explain to me in words of one syllable how an electron microscope works? 你能用简单的话给我解释一下电子显微镜的运作原理吗？
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
man/woman of his/her word
■someone who keeps their promises 信守诺言的人
• You can trust him - he's a man of his word. 你可以相信他——他是个信守诺言的人。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
(upon) my word! old-fashioned
■used to express surprise 哟，嗨，哎呀（表示惊讶或生气）
• My word! Isn't that Jenkins on the roof? 哎呀！屋顶上不是詹金斯吗？
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
not get a word in edgeways UK (US not get a word in edgewise) informal
■to not be able to say anything because someone else is talking all the time 插不进话，插不了嘴
• Roz was talking so much that nobody else could get a word in edgeways! 罗兹话太多了，别人连一句话也插不进去。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
put in a good word for sb
■to say positive things about someone 为（某人）美言，说（某人）的好话
• I really need a job and I was hoping you might put in a good word for me with your boss. 我真的需要一份工作，所以希望你能在你老板面前为我美言几句。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
put the word about/around/out/round
■to tell people a new piece of news 发布消息；传出消息
• So, the new manager has been appointed - should we put the word around? 那么已经任命了新的经理——我们应不应该公布这消息？
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
put words in/into sb's mouth
■to suggest that someone meant one thing when really they meant another 曲解（某人）的话，故意歪曲（某人）的话
• Stop putting words in my mouth - I didn't say you looked fat in the red dress - I merely said you looked very slim in the black! 别曲解我的话——我并不是说你穿红色显胖——我只是说你穿黑色显得非常苗条！
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
take sb at their word (also take sb's word for it)
■to believe that what someone says is true 相信（某人）的话
• He said he'd give me a job and I just took him at his word. 他说过会给我一份工作，而我就信以为真了。
• If he says there's $500 in the envelope, then I'll take his word for it. 如果他说信封里有500美元，那我会相信他说的话。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
take the words out of sb's mouth
■to say something which another person was just about to say or which they were thinking 说出（某人）要说（或正在思考）的话
• "What a rude and obnoxious man!" "You took the words right out of my mouth!" “那个男人真是又粗鲁又讨厌！”“那正是我想说的！”
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
word for word
■using exactly the same words 逐字地，一字不差地
• She listened to everything I said and repeated it word for word to her mum. 她把我说的一切听得清清楚楚，并一字不漏地转述给她妈妈听。
• a word-for-word account 一字不差的叙述
■If you translate speech or writing word for word, you change one word at a time in the same order rather than in phrases or other larger units of meaning. 逐字（照译）
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
word gets about/around/round
■When word gets about/around/round, news spreads fast within a group of people （消息）迅速传开
• "I hear you were having drinks with a tall, dark, handsome man last night." "Wow, word gets round fast, doesn't it?" “我听说你昨晚和一个高大帅气、皮肤略黑的男子一起喝酒？”“天哪，消息传得可真快，不是吗？”
• She doesn't want word getting around the office that she's pregnant. 她不想让办公室里的人知道自己怀孕的事。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
word has it
■used to refer to something which is generally thought to be true although not official or known to be a fact 据传言；据传闻
• Word has it (that) they may separate. 据说他们要分开。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
(the) word is
■used to refer to something which has been reported but not officially stated 据说；据报道
• The word is (that) more hostages will be released over the next few weeks. 据报道，以后的几周内将有更多的人质被释放。
§UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d/ word 1 noun
your word is your bond old-fashioned or formal
■If someone's word is their bond, they always keep their promises 总是信守诺言
• "But listen, you must promise never to tell anyone." "My word is my bond." “听着，你必须保证不告诉任何人。”“我一向信守诺言。”
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
(the) word is/gets out
■a piece of news is known, especially if it was secret or if it will cause changes 有消息说
• The word is out that superstar Candice is to marry towards the end of this year. 有消息说超级明星坎迪斯将于今年年底结婚。
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] noun
words fail me
■said to emphasize your surprise or shock, especially at something you have just seen or been told （尤指因刚见到或刚被告知的事）惊得说不出话来，不知说甚么好
• "So what did you think of Olive's pink outfit?" "Words fail me, I've never seen anything quite like it!" “那么你觉得奥利芙的那套粉色衣服怎么样？”“我都不知道说甚么好，我从没见过那样的东西！”
UK [wɜ:d] US [wɝ:d] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to choose the words you use when you are saying or writing something 措词；用言辞表达
• He worded the reply in such a way that he did not admit making the original error. 他在回答中的措词表明他不承认原来犯的错误。
⇒ See also reword
lexicon, term, vocabulary, word, language
这组词都有“文字，词，语言”的意思，其区别是：
lexicon: 指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
term: 指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
vocabulary: 集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
word: 普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
language: 普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
n. [语] 单词；话语；消息；诺言；命令
 - news, instruction, bidding, message, order

Word: sand
Front: sand
[sænd] (中高研四六 2205/2470 -K3)
Back: n. 沙; 沙滩; 沙色
vt. 撒沙于; 用砂纸磨光
时态：sanded, sanding, sands
分布：沙(67%)，沙子(22%)，沙滩(10%)，以沙掩盖(1%)
→来自古英语 sand,沙，来自 Proto-Germanic*samdaz,沙，来自 sem,倾泻，涌出。引申动词 词义磨砂，用砂纸打磨。
n.沙;(pl.)沙滩,沙地Sand is insoluble in water.沙在水中是不溶解的.
noun
 ESSENTIAL uncountable
■a substance that is found on beaches and in deserts, which is made from very small grains of rock 沙，沙子
• a grain of sand 一粒沙
• The children played all day in/on the sand. 孩子们玩了一整天沙子。
• coarse/fine sand 粗／细沙
• Mix one part sand to three parts cement. 将一份沙和三份水泥混合。
sands [plural]
■large flat areas of sand near the sea 沙滩
• miles of golden sands 绵延数哩的金色沙滩
[sænd] noun
the sands of time are running out literary saying
■used to say that there is not much time left to do something 时间不多，期限将到（沙漏里的沙要跑完了，是说做某事剩下的时间不太多了）
[sænd] verb transitive
■to make something smooth by rubbing it with something rough, especially sandpaper (= strong paper with sand fixed to it) （尤指用砂纸）打磨，磨光
• Sand the door (down) thoroughly before starting to paint. 粉刷之前要把门用砂纸彻底磨光。
n. [土壤] 沙；沙地；沙洲；沙滩；沙子
 - dene, hurst

Word: bottomless
Front: bottomless
[ˈbɒtəmləs] (16529/19955)
Back: adj. 无底的; 无限的; 裸体的; 无尽的事物
分布：无底的(49%)，深不可测的(32%)，无限的(19%)
US ['bɑ:.tˌəm-] adjective
■without a limit or end 无底的；极深的；深不可测的；无限的
• The generosity of the local people is bottomless. 当地人热情无比。
adj. 无底的；深不可测的；难解的；取之不尽的
 - mysterious, unfathomable

Word: upload
Front: upload
[ˌʌpˈləʊd] (16624/-)
Back: n. 向上（作用的）负载; 上传（或上载）的数据
vt. 上传，上载
时态：uploaded, uploading, uploads
分布：上传(72%)，上载(28%)
US [-ˈloʊd/
■to copy or move programs or information to a larger computer system or to the Internet 上传（程式或资讯） Compare download
noun countable UK [ˈʌp.ləʊd] US [-loʊd/
■a computer program or information that can be uploaded 可上传的程式（或资讯）

Word: clenched
Front: clenched
[klentʃd] (16614/15399)
Back: v. 紧握，抓紧，咬紧( clench的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：紧握的(88%)，动词clench的过去式和过去分词形式.(12%)
V-ERG
攥紧(拳头)；(拳头)紧握
When you clench your fist or your fist clenches, you curl your fingers up tightly, usually because you are very angry.
例：Alex clenched her fists and gritted her teeth...亚历克丝攥紧拳头，牙咬得咯咯响。
例：She pulled at his sleeve and he turned on her, fists clenching again before he saw who it was.她拉了拉他的袖子，他双拳再次握紧，气冲冲地转过身来，这才发现是她。
VERB
(通常指生气、不安时)咬紧(牙齿)，咬牙切齿
When you clench your teeth or they clench, you squeeze your teeth together firmly, usually because you are angry or upset.
例：Patsy had to clench her jaw to suppress her anger...帕奇只得咬紧牙关压住怒气。
例：Slowly, he released his breath through clenched teeth.他从紧咬的牙缝间慢慢地舒了口气。
VERB
抓紧;握紧;咬紧
If you clench something in your hand or in your teeth, you hold it tightly with your hand or your teeth.
例：I clenched the arms of my chair.我死死抓住椅子扶手。
adj. 紧握的
 - tenacious

Word: voracious
Front: voracious
[vəˈreɪʃəs] (托宝 16557/20904)
Vocabulary: voracious
(once / 3652 pages)
adj
Voracious is an adjective used to describe a wolflike appetite. It might be a craving for food or for something else, such as power, but the word usually denotes an unflattering greediness.
Voracious comes from the Latin vorāre, "to devour." The word is usually associated with swallowing or devouring food in a ravenous manner, but it can be used of someone intensely involved in any activity. Pierre Salinger referred to President Kennedy as a "voracious reader," while Robert Bakker once likened the IRS to a "voracious, small-minded predator."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
veracious / voracious
Voracious describes someone super hungry, like a zombie or a wolf. A voracious appetite makes you want to eat a whole cake. Veracious (with an "e") means truthful, as in a veracious first president who cannot tell a lie.
Voracious is spelled with an "o" for an open mouth or the hole in your stomach you're trying to fill if you have a voracious appetite. It's used to describe appetites, but not always for food — a voracious reader devours books by reading one after the other. Here are some unrelenting examples:
The fish are such voracious eaters that they have crowded out other species and disrupted ecosystems. — Wall Street Journal
A voracious reader, he became a self-educated art historian and a well-informed generalist whose knowledge awed his friends, including well-known artists. — New York Times
The more formal word veracious comes from the Latin root verus for "truth." You might recognize that root in words like verify "to show something's true," or verisimilitude for "seeming true to life." Veracious means truthful, so a veracious author, for example, is one who tells the truth. Here are more examples:
This interesting, although not very veracious author, gives the following account of the process. — J.G. Millingen
I ought to have bought up all sorts of memories, and written the most veracious novel the world has seen. — Israel Zangwill
If you had to hang out with either a voracious person or a veracious one, choose the veracious, or truthful, one. The voracious one would definitely eat all of your French fries, and your brains if you hang out with zombies.
WORD FAMILY
voracious: voraciously, voraciousness+/ voracity: voracious, voracities
USAGE EXAMPLES
Despite his voracious use of Twitter, the president-elect appears to be leaning toward old tech to ensure the security of sensitive messages.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Herrera is a voracious reader and, as it happens, is just reading a book about Matisse and Picasso.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
In Africa, an elephant is killed for ivory every 26 minutes on average, much of it to supply China’s voracious market.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 贪吃的; 贪婪的; 渴求的; 如饥似渴的
adv. 贪婪地
n. 贪婪，贪吃
分布：贪婪的(62%)，贪吃的(21%)，狼吞虎咽的(12%)，求知欲强的(5%)
→来自拉丁语vorax,贪吃，词源同devour,herbivore.
狼吞虎咽的(vor+acious多....的--吃多的)[vor=eat,表示"吃"]
贪婪的(vor吃;参考:omnivorous无所不吃的)[-acious表形容词"有特征的,多...的"]
【记】vor＝devour（v 吞吃；狼吞虎咽），acious多－吃得多的－贪婪的
【反】lack of appetite（没有胃口的）
adjective
■very eager for something, especially a lot of food 饥渴的；渴求的；（尤指）贪吃的
• He has a voracious appetite (= he eats a lot). 他的食量惊人。
• He's a voracious reader of historical novels (= He reads a lot of them eagerly and quickly). 他如饥似渴地阅读历史小说。
adj. 贪婪的；贪吃的；狼吞虎咽的
 - greedy, grasping

Word: paucity
Front: paucity
[ˈpɔ:səti] (托宝 16637/18824)
Vocabulary: paucity
(once / 8312 pages)
n
The word paucity means not enough of something. If you've got a paucity of good cheer, for example, you'd better cheer up!
One good way to remember the meaning of paucity is that it's a bit like pauper, as in The Prince and the Pauper. The prince had too much money, and the pauper had a paucity. There are a lot of words that mean "little" or "small," but paucity is used when you mean specifically "not enough" or "too little." People in LA don't understand how New Yorkers can live with such a paucity of space. For what New Yorkers pay for a tiny apartment, Angelenos get a house and a yard.
WORD FAMILY
paucity
USAGE EXAMPLES
The plan will result in towering structures in the wrong places, a paucity of parks, crowded schools and a continuation of nightmare-inducing traffic.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
Such questions run up against the central agony of writing about Bach: the paucity of biographical information.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
But the paucity of prospective candidates younger than 70 reflects a problem for the Democrats.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 少量，缺乏，不足
分布：少数(50%)，少量(50%)
→来自拉丁语paucus,少的，小的，来自pau-ko,来自*pau,少的，小的，词源同few,poor.引申词义贫穷，贫乏。
【记】读：跑city，在全城跑，要饭的－缺乏
【反】slew（n 大量）；profusion（n 丰富）；plethora（n 过剩）
US ['pɑ:.sə.tˌi] formal
noun only singular
■when there is too little of something 缺乏
• There is a paucity of information on the ingredients of many cosmetics. 许多化妆品没有提供充足的产品成分资讯。
n. 缺乏；少数；少量
 - shortage, deficiency, short of, need, drought

Word: cross-legged
Front: cross-legged
[ˌkrɒs ˈlegd] None
Back: adj. 盘着腿的，翘着腿的; 二郎腿
分布：盘着腿的(50%)，翘着腿的(50%)
US [ˌkrɑ:s-] adverb
■having your feet crossed over each other, but your knees wide apart, usually while sitting on the floor （通常指席地而坐时）盘腿地

Word: embolden
Front: embolden
[ɪmˈbəʊldən] (宝 16565/22727)
Vocabulary: embolden
(once / 2631 pages)
v
To embolden someone is to inspire them. You might embolden your brother to try out for a play by enthusiastically praising his singing and dancing abilities.
Shy kids sometimes need a friend or a teacher who will embolden them to speak up for themselves, and a good grade in a difficult class will embolden a student to attempt more challenging courses. When you cheer up a friend or encourage a coworker, you embolden those people. To embolden is "to make bold," from the Old English root word beald, which means "brave, confident, or strong."
WORD FAMILY
embolden: emboldened, emboldening, emboldens
USAGE EXAMPLES
A federal court ruling Saturday may further embolden these efforts.
The Guardian(Jan 01, 2017)
Immigrants and minorities are fearful, bigots are emboldened, discourse is coarsened.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
“At worst, it was another dangerous outburst that will further Israel’s diplomatic isolation and embolden its enemies.”
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: vt. 鼓励，使有胆量
时态：emboldened, emboldening, emboldens
分布：鼓励(88%)，给 ... 壮胆(12%)
→em-, 进入，使。bold, 勇敢。
【参】bold（adj 大胆的）
【反】abash（v 使窘迫）；faze（v 使狼狈）；cow（v 恐吓）；appall（vt 使胆寒）；boggle（v 犹豫）；daunt（v 沮丧）
US [-'boʊl-] formal
verb transitive
■to make someone brave 使有胆量
• Emboldened by drink, he walked over to speak to her. 他借酒壮胆，走上前去与她搭讪。

Word: crescendo
Front: crescendo
[krəˈʃendəʊ] (宝 16560/18725)
Vocabulary: crescendo
(once / 5922 pages)
nvadj
In a crescendo, the music is getting louder. There's often a crescendo in a large group of talking people, too.
This word comes from classical music, where it's very important how loudly the instruments play. If a tuba is crescendoing at the wrong time, then a quiet piano part might not be heard at all. The crescendo is important in all kinds of music, because volume — how loud something is — is one of the main features of music. If you are whispering and gradually raise your voice and then end up shouting, that's a crescendo as well.
WORD FAMILY
crescendo: crescendi, crescendoed, crescendoing, crescendos, decrescendo+/decrescendo: decrescendos
USAGE EXAMPLES
The song builds to a crescendo, and ends in a whimper.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
The final section was dominated by long sustained chords that would crescendo and then subside into almost inaudible calm.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Crescendoing from totally mundane music video concepts to actual surreal, semi-frightening 3D experiences, the six-piece series shows the artist’s growing mastery of this burgeoning technology.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. （声音）渐强
时态：crescendoed, crescendoing, crescendoes
分布：高潮(72%)，声音渐增(19%)，顶峰(9%)
→来自ker , 创造，生长，词源同create。-esce, 表起始。用做音乐术语。
(音乐)渐强(cresc逐渐增加)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
【记】crescend成长，上升，o表示音乐－音乐渐强
【参】crescent（n 新月；月牙；adj 逐渐增加的）
【反】decrease in volume（声音减弱）
US [-doʊ] (plural crescendos)
noun countable usually singular
■a gradual increase in loudness, or the moment when a noise or piece of music is at its loudest （音乐的）渐强；最强音；（声音的）最高点
• The music reached a crescendo. 乐曲达到了最强音。
■an increase in excitement, danger or action （激情、危险或行为的）逐渐增强
• There has been a rising crescendo of violence in the region. 该地区的暴力愈演愈烈。

Word: croak
Front: croak
[krəʊk] (宝 16607/17410)
Vocabulary: croak
(once / 1414 pages)
1nv 2v
A croak is the low, hoarse sound a frog makes. Crows and people with sore throats can croak, too. It’s also a slang word for “die.” When people croak, they need either a glass of water or an undertaker.
Croak is a noun or a verb. A bullfrog’s croak can be very loud. A parched cowboy might croak, “howdy.” Another meaning of the word is "die," as in, "I'm sorry your hamster's dead, but you knew he was going to croak soon.” This kind of croak came from the popular idea that people make a distinctive sound just before they die, a "death rattle." Now there’s something to look forward to!
WORD FAMILY
croak: croaked, croaker, croaking, croaks, croaky+/croaker: croakers/croaking: croakings/croaky: croakily
USAGE EXAMPLES
He put down a blanket as frogs croaked in the distance.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
While in Germany, she witnessed a Nazi rally led by Hitler and heard him shout, “May the Jew croak.”
Wall Street Journal(Nov 25, 2016)
But slowly my croaking Truman Capote voice gave way to a Billie Holiday growl.
Washington Post(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: vi. 呱呱地叫
vt. & vi. 用粗的声音说
n. 呱呱的叫声
时态：croaked, croaking, croaks
分布：嗄嗄叫(32%)，发牢骚(30%)，哇哇声(23%)，呱呱声(15%)
→拟声词。
【记】该词是象声词
US [kroʊk] verb
MAKE SOUND 发声
intransitive or transitive
■When animals such as frogs and crows croak, they call making deep rough sounds. （蛙、乌鸦等）发出低沉沙哑的叫声，呱呱地叫
intransitive or transitive
■When you croak because you have a sore or dry throat, you speak with a rough voice. （因喉咙痛或干哑而）发出沙哑的声音，用沙哑的声音说出
UK [krəʊk] US [kroʊk] verb
DIE 死
intransitive old-fashioned slang
■to die 死，咽气
UK [krəʊk] US [kroʊk] noun countable
■a deep, rough sound made by a person or an animal （人或动物发出的）低沉而嘶哑的声音
vi. 呱呱地叫；发牢骚；死
 - complain, whine about
vt. 用嘶哑的声音说；死亡
 - end up, angel of death

Word: graft
Front: graft
[grɑ:ft] (托宝 14077/14199 -1)
Vocabulary: graft
(once / 837 pages)
1nv 2n
Graft can mean bribery or corruption. It's also a way of transplanting skin or bones in medicine, as in a skin graft.
People who get terrible burns on their faces often have pieces of skin taken from other parts of their bodies to help them heal and look better. That transplanted skin is called a graft. There are also grafts in agriculture, when farmers take a branch from one tree and graft it onto another tree. The most common use of graft is in political corruption cases when politicians are accused of taking money in exchange for granting favors.
WORD FAMILY
graft: engraft, grafted, grafting, grafts, ingraft+/engraft: engrafted, engrafting, engrafts/grafting: graftings/ingraft: ingrafted, ingrafting, ingrafts
USAGE EXAMPLES
And there was talk about money — India’s recent devaluing of its currency in an apparent effort to cut graft and tax evasion.
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
However, it also opened the door to widespread graft and further squeezed the food supply.
Seattle Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The graft marks are visible on his legs as well as surgical scars.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 移植; 嫁接; 渎职; 贪污，受贿
vt. 移植; 嫁接，接枝; 贪污; 用嫁接法种植
vi. 移植; 贪污; 受贿; 嫁接
时态：grafted, grafting, grafts
分布：移植(82%)，嫁接(18%)
→来自gerbh, 刮，刻，切，词源同carve,graph. 用于植物学术语嫁接，即把切下来的一种植物移植到另一种植物上。俚语义行贿，即切下留作己用。比较 bribe.
【记】读：格拉夫（前网坛女王）嫁接给了阿加西，她爸曾逃税
【反】abscission（n 切断；除去；剪除）－process of grafting（嫁接）
US [græft] noun
PIECE 切片
countable
■a piece of healthy skin or bone cut from one part of a person's body and used to repair another damaged part, or a piece cut from one living plant and fixed to another plant so that it grows there 移植的皮肤（或骨骼）；嫁接用的枝条（或芽）
• He has had a skin graft on his badly burned arm. 他的肩膀严重烧伤，已经进行了植皮手术。
UK [grɑ:ft] US [græft] noun
WORK 工作
uncountable UK informal
■work 工作
• I've never been afraid of hard graft. 我从来就不怕做繁重的工作。
UK [grɑ:ft] US [græft] noun
INFLUENCE 影响
uncountable mainly US
■the act of getting money or advantage through the dishonest use of political power and influence （滥用政治权力进行的）贪污，受贿，以权谋私
• The whole government was riddled with graft, bribery, and corruption. 政府内到处充斥着以权谋私、行贿受贿和贪污腐败的行为。
UK [grɑ:ft] US [græft] verb
ADD PIECE 加入片块
transitive
■to take and put in place a graft 移植（皮肤、骨等）；嫁接
• Skin was removed from her leg and grafted on/onto her face. 从她的腿上取下皮肤移植到了她的脸上。
transitive
■to join or add something new 使紧密结合；将（新的事物）移植于
• The management tried unsuccessfully to graft new working methods onto the existing ways of doing things. 管理阶层试图将新的工作方法和现有的经营方式相结合，但是并未成功。
UK [grɑ:ft] US [græft] verb
WORK 工作
intransitive UK informal
■to work hard 卖力工作
• It was very sad that after spending all those years grafting (away),he died so soon after he retired. 他拼命工作了那么多年，可刚退休就去世了，真是让人伤感。
vi. [外科] [生物] 移植； [农学] 嫁接； [法] 贪污
 - to transplant, transfer of culture
vt. [外科] [生物] 移植； [农学] 嫁接； [法] 贪污
 - to transplant, transfer of culture
n. [外科] [生物] 移植； [农学] 嫁接；赎职
 - transplantation, implantation

Word: lacy
Front: lacy
[ˈleɪsi] (16651/20591 -1)
Back: adj. 有花边的; 花边状的; 带子状的
分布：花边的(48%)，丝带的(28%)，花边状的(17%)，=lacey.(7%)
adjective
■made of or decorated with lace (= decorative cloth) 蕾丝的（用蕾丝制成的；点缀有蕾丝花边的）
• lacy underwear 蕾丝内衣
adj. 花边的；丝带的
 - lacey

Word: duplication
Front: duplication
[ˌdju:plɪ'keɪʃn] (16647/12011)
Back: n. 复制; 重复; 复本 ; 成倍
分布：复制(90%)，副本(10%)
US [ˌdu:-] noun uncountable
■the act or process of duplicating something 复制，拷贝
n. [印刷] [遗] 复制；副本；成倍
 - reproduction, repeat, replication

Word: pop-up
Front: pop-up
[ˈpɔpˌʌp] (-1)
Back: n. 弹出式; [棒]内野飞球; 自动起跳式装置
adj. 弹起的; 有自动起跳装置的
分布：立体图片(25%)，弹出式的(25%)，自动跳起式装置(25%)，有跳起立体图片的(25%)
US ['pɑ:p-] adjective
pop-up machine/book, etc.
■a machine, book, etc. which has parts that push out from a surface or from inside （机器等）有自动跳起装置的；（书籍）有立体活动图片的
• a pop-up toaster 有自动弹起装置的烤面包机
• a pop-up children's book 有立体活动图片的儿童读物
UK ['pɒp.ʌp] US ['pɑ:p-] noun countable
COMPUTER 电脑 (also pop-up menu)
■a list of choices that is shown on a computer screen when the user requests it （电脑萤幕上的）弹出式功能表
• Select the option you want from the pop-up (menu). 从弹出式功能表中选出你要的那项。
■a new window that opens quickly on a computer screen in front of what you are working on 弹跳视窗，快显视窗（一个新视窗，在电脑萤幕上快速打开，置于你正在工作的视窗之前）
• software to block pop-ups 封锁弹跳视窗的软体
UK ['pɒp.ʌp] US ['pɑ:p-] noun countable
BASEBALL 棒球 (also pop fly)
■in baseball, a ball which is hit very high in the air but not very far （棒球）内野高飞球

Word: do-it-yourself
Front: do-it-yourself
[ˈdu:itjɔ:ˈself] None
Back: adj. 自己做的; 为业余爱好者设计成的
n. 自己动手; 喜欢自己装配或修理东西
分布：自己动手(44%)，自己动手的(28%)，自行维修的(14%)，自行维修(14%)
US [-jɚ-] noun uncountable
■ DIY

Word: all-white
Front: all-white
None None
Back: adj. 全部白种人的
[网络] 全身单色
分布：全部白种人(100%)

Word: laughable
Front: laughable
[ˈlɑ:fəbl] (16571/19229 -1)
Vocabulary: laughable
(once / 3292 pages)
adj
If something is so absurd or ridiculous that it makes you laugh, you can call it laughable. Your little sister's idea of dropping out of elementary school and starting a full-time lemonade stand might seem laughable to you.
Your friend's preposterous plan to live in a tree all summer is laughable, and a politician's proposal to build a wall around the entire country to keep immigrants out is laughable too. You can also use this adjective to simply mean "funny," or "provoking laughter." Laughable comes from laugh, which has an Old English root and was originally pronounced with a hard g sound. The pronunciation changed, but the spelling stayed the same.
WORD FAMILY
laughable: laughably+/ laugh: laughable, laughed, laugher, laughing, laughs/laugher: laughers/laughing: laughingest, laughingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Old structures like business hours and the workweek seem laughable in light of the always-on cycle of social media.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
The notion that Donald Trump might help rehabilitate the culture would strike many as laughable.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 21, 2016)
The righteous indignation erupting across segments of the college football landscape is laughable.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有趣的，逗人笑的; 好笑; 可笑
分布：可笑的(88%)，有趣的(12%)
→laugh,笑，-able,形容词后缀。
US ['læf.ə-] adjective
■silly and not deserving to be seriously considered 可笑的，荒唐的
• Privately they thought the idea laughable. 私下里他们觉得这个主意很荒唐。
adj. 有趣的，可笑的
 - colorful, funny

Word: bewilderment
Front: bewilderment
[bɪˈwɪldəmənt] (16656/14698 -1)
Vocabulary: bewilderment
(once / 1246 pages)
n
If you spoke nothing but German one day to your English-speaking friends and co-workers, it would probably result in complete bewilderment. Bewilderment is a state of being confused and puzzled.
Bewilderment means not understanding, but it goes beyond that — it implies a state of complete mystification. People experience bewilderment when they are utterly baffled by the situation at hand. The word is a relatively new one, first recorded in the 1680s as a combination of be, "thoroughly," and wilder, "lead astray or lure into the wilds." You can think of bewilderment as being led into the wilderness and left to puzzle your way out.
WORD FAMILY
bewilderment: bewilderments+/ bewilder: bewildered, bewildering, bewilderment, bewilders/ bewildered: bewilderedly/bewildering: bewilderingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
While his stance is one of self-deprecating bewilderment, he is also often genuinely bewildered.
The New Yorker(Jan 01, 2017)
And in this context, 2016 was not one of those “meandering points of bewilderment” that King described but the continuation of a troubling trend.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
My combo of bewilderment, desperation, and spunk reapportioned.
Salon(Dec 24, 2016)
Back: n. 迷惘，困惑，迷乱
分布：困惑(87%)，迷乱(13%)
US [-dɚ-] noun uncountable
■confusion
• a state of bewilderment 混乱状态
• As he walked through the door, she stared at him in utter bewilderment. 他走过房门时，她极其困惑地盯着他。
n. 困惑；迷乱；慌张
 - confusion, bemusement

Word: fruition
Front: fruition
[fruˈɪʃn] (托雅宝 16563/14072 -1)
Vocabulary: fruition
(once / 3819 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An idea that is made real, such as a plan or an apple, has come to fruition.
Fruition is a happy word: it's derived from the Latin, frui, meaning "to enjoy." We like it when our hard work pays off and ideas come to fruition, like Sally, who was thrilled when her plan to get into law school came to fruition. When the kids' idea to start a wild tricycle gang came to fruition, they sped off joyfully. It refers to the state of bearing fruit, too, like when apples in the orchard come to fruition. The trees are probably happy then, too.
WORD FAMILY
fruition: fruitions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He said he was confident that they would ultimately bring the nanotechnology projects to fruition.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Wilson wrote the script for “Fences” long before his death 21 years ago, with Mr. Washington laboring for years to bring the project to fruition.
Washington Times(Dec 22, 2016)
On the eve of Donald Trump’s election, such arrangements were quickly reaching fruition.
Salon(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 成就，实现; 结果实; ; 享受
分布：实现(48%)，完成(26%)，取得成果(16%)，成就(10%)
noun uncountable formal
■when a plan or an idea begins to happen, exist or be successful 实现；完成；取得成果
• None of his grand plans for a TV series ever came to fruition. 他拍摄一部电视连续剧的诸般伟大计划无一实现。
n. 完成，成就；结果实
 - completion, achievement, effort, execution, success

Word: woodpecker
Front: woodpecker
[ˈwʊdpekə(r)] (六 16605/24508)
Back: n. 啄木鸟
分布：啄木鸟(100%)
→wood,木头，pecker,啄木鸟。
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a bird which uses its strong beak to make holes in tree trunks in order to find insects to eat 啄木鸟
n. [鸟] 啄木鸟
 - peckerwood, Marc Dorcel, hickwall

Word: careen
Front: careen
[kəˈri:n] (宝 16659/-)
Vocabulary: careen
(once / 5420 pages)
1n 2v
Whether it’s an unsteady ship, a speeding bus, or a person who is woozy, use the verb careen to describe something that’s teetering from side to side.
When the word careen first entered the English language in the sixteenth century, it was used to describe a beached ship that was turned on its side for repair. The word can still refer to making those kinds of nautical repairs, but now you’re more likely to hear the word used to describe something that is swaying from side to side. You may feel like a ship out of control if you careen madly through a crowd or if you careen down a steep hill on skis.
WORD FAMILY
careen: careened, careening, careens
USAGE EXAMPLES
Three males aged 14 and 15 were arrested after the car careened down an embankment and hit a fence.
Washington Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Police caught a 23-year-old man after the 40-ton truck careened through the crowd Monday, injuring 48 people in addition to causing the dozen deaths.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
My brain screams as I careen toward the boards.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: vt. 将船倾侧，将船倾倒（以清洗、捻缝或修理）
vi. 倾斜; 倚靠; <美>（车辆）歪歪斜斜地行驶; 猛冲
时态：careened, careening, careens
分布：使倾斜(80%)，猛冲(20%)
→本义将船倾斜，将龙骨外露进行修补，来自拉丁词carina, 龙骨，词源同hard. 后受career影响，词义主要用于疾驰。
【源】careen作为动词时具有快速的含义。因为汽车car只有在高速行驶时才会突然地侧倾或偏斜，所以引申为倾斜的意思。Car车，reen＝preen梳头：一边开车，一边梳头，想不开斜了都困难。
【参】career（n 职业）
[kə'ri:n] mainly US
verb intransitive + adverb or preposition
■to go forward quickly while moving from side to side 歪歪斜斜地疾行；横冲直撞
• The driver lost control of his car when the brakes failed, and it went careening down the hill. 煞车失灵，司机控制不住车，车就歪歪斜斜地冲下山去。
vi. 倾侧，倾斜
 - pitch, slope, lean
vt. 使倾侧，使倾斜
 - slope, lean

Word: extricate
Front: extricate
[ˈekstrɪkeɪt] (托宝 16562/15136)
Vocabulary: extricate
(once / 987 pages)
v
If you need to be untangled, set free or otherwise released from something or someone, you need to be extricated.
Extricate is a mixture of the prefix ex, which means "out" or "out of," and the Latin word tricae, which means "hindrances." So to extricate is to get out of what's hindering you. But it's not always so simple. You just try and extricate yourself from the loving death grip of a grandma who hasn't seen you in awhile!
WORD FAMILY
extricate: extricable, extricated, extricates, extricating, extrication +/extricable: inextricable / extrication: extrications/ inextricable: inextricably
USAGE EXAMPLES
The president-elect is formulating plans to extricate himself from his family’s business.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Police say 28-year-old Rebecca Stewart of Sabattus and her passenger, a small child, were extricated from her van and hospitalized with unknown injuries.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
One was ejected from the vehicle and fire crews extricated two others.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: vt. 使摆脱困难，脱身
n. 解脱; 解脱者
时态：extricated, extricating, extricates
分布：使解脱(50%)，救出(50%)
→ex-, 向外。-tric, 烦琐，琐事，词源同trick, intricate. 即脱离琐事。
【记】ex出，tric复杂，诡计－从复杂诡计中出来－解脱
【参】intricate（adj 复杂难懂的）；trick（n 诡计）；
【反】entangle（vt 使缠上；卷入；连累）；enmesh（v 使陷入）；mire（v 陷入；n 泥潭）
['ek.strɪ.keɪt] formal
verb transitive
■to remove or set free something with difficulty 使摆脱，使脱离；解救
• It took hours to extricate the car from the sand. 用了几个小时才把陷入沙地中的车拉出来。
• [R] I tried to extricate my self from the situation. 我试图从这种局面中摆脱出来。
vt. 使解脱；解救；使游离
 - save, ease of

Word: tearful
Front: tearful
[ˈtɪəfl] (16568/14851 -1)
Vocabulary: tearful
(once / 1339 pages)
adj
Before you break out in a full-fledged cry — when you're wiping your eyes and blowing your nose, you're tearful.
If a person is tearful, he or she is full of tears. Most of them haven't flowed, but you can see them in someone's eyes. If you break out in a full-fledged cry, you're no longer tearful, you're weeping. If something is tearful, there are lots of tears involved. Think about the last time you said a tearful goodbye to a good friend, gave your sister a tearful hug, or witnessed a victim's tearful plea for mercy.
WORD FAMILY
tearful: tearfully, tearfulness+/ tear: teared, tearful, tearing, tearless, tears, tore, torn /tearing: tearingly, tearings/tearless: tearlessly
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Sunday night, she issued a tearful appeal for people to help find him.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
In a tearful speech to the University of New South Wales, prominent Indigenous journalist Stan Grant implored Australians to reckon with their nation’s painful past.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
A video from a surprise 80th birthday party in March shows him tearful and backing off from assembled staff.
Economist(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 含泪的; 使人流泪的; 潸; 汪汪
分布：含泪的(58%)，悲伤的(23%)，使人流泪的(19%)
US ['tɪr-] adjective
■crying or likely to cry 含泪的；流泪的；可能会哭的
• After a tearful farewell at the station, we went our separate ways. 在火车站含泪告别后，我们便分道扬镳了。
• Katy's always a bit tearful when it's time to go back to school. 到了该回学校的时候，凯蒂总是哭哭啼啼的。
adj. 含泪的；令人伤心的
 - misty-eyed, moist

Word: rhubarb
Front: rhubarb
[ˈru:bɑ:b] (宝 16526/22068)
Back: n. 大黄; <口>（后台演员造的）人声喧哗效果，乱嚷嚷
分布：大黄(90%)，大黄的叶柄(6%)，激烈的争论(4%)
→来自古法语 rubarbe,来自拉丁语 rheubarbarum,来自希腊语 rha barbaron,外国大黄，来自 rha, 大黄，可能来自 Rha,俄罗斯伏尔加河古名，barbaron,外国的，词源同 barbarian.该植物原产 于中国，在古希腊时期经俄罗斯进入希腊。
【记】源于它生长在我们称之为伏尔加河的Rha河附近读：辱爸爸，天天给爸爸吃大黄（在中国是一种泻药）是一种侮辱。
US [-bɑ:rb] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable
■a plant which has long sour-tasting red and green stems that can be cooked and eaten as a fruit （可食用的）大黄
• Have you ever eaten rhubarb crumble? 你吃过大黄酥皮甜点心吗？
UK ['ru:.bɑ:b] US [-bɑ:rb] noun
ARGUMENT 争吵
countable US old-fashioned slang
■a loud argument 争执，吵闹
UK ['ru:.bɑ:b] US [-bɑ:rb] exclamation
■a word which is repeated many times in order to produce the sound of people talking when the meaning of the word is not important （演员模仿人声嘈杂时用的词）
• We had to stand at the back of the stage saying "rhubarb, rhubarb" in the crowd scenes. 演到人多嘈杂的场景时，我们只好站在台后模仿“嗡嗡”的嘈杂声。

Word: intergovernmental
Front: intergovernmental
[ˌɪntəˌgʌvənˈmentl] (16612/17566)
Back: adj. 政府间的
分布：政府间的(100%)

Word: paddy

Word: massively
Front: massively
['mæsɪvlɪ] (16584/11778)
Back: adv. 大而重; 厚实; 粗大; 强有力
[计] 大规模地
分布：大规模地(50%)，大量地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
巨大的;庞大的;厚重的;强大的
Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent.
例：There was evidence of massive fraud.有证据表明是巨额欺诈。
例：...massive air attacks...大规模空袭
ADJ
(疾病)非常严重的，十分危急的
If you describe a medical condition as massive, you mean that it is extremely serious.
例：He died six weeks later of a massive heart attack.六周后他因严重的心脏病发作去世。
adv. 大量地；沉重地；庄严地
 - largely, heavily, freely, big, importantly

Word: depleted
Front: depleted
[dɪ'plɪtɪd] (16667/18611)
Vocabulary: depleted
(once / 4386 pages)
adj
The adjective depleted describes something that's been used up. A stressed-out mother of four little kids might find her patience depleted after a crazed birthday party at the roller rink.
The word depleted comes from the Latin deplere, "to empty," or literally "to un-fill." You may have seen depleted shelves where bread and milk used to be if you visit a grocery store before a big snow storm. If you tend to get sick a lot, it may be because your immune system is depleted, or worn out, and a river can become depleted, or dried up, after a long drought.
WORD FAMILY
deplete: depletable, depleted, depletes, depleting, depletion +/ depletion: depletions
USAGE EXAMPLES
He was an energy source in a depleted world.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
Things only got worse with a depleted roster hurt by years of bad drafting and the lack of impact free agents.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Then expenditures began swamping revenues in 2014, and by the end of 2015, all of the foundation’s assets were depleted.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 废弃的
v. <正>使大大的减少，使空虚( deplete的过去式和过去分词 ); 耗尽，使枯竭
分布：枯竭的(59%)，废弃的(35%)，动词deplete的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
US [-tˌɪd] adjective
■reduced 消耗；耗费；减少
• Measures have been taken to protect the world's depleted elephant population. 人们已经采取措施保护世界上已经为数不多的大象。
• physically/emotionally depleted (= weakened) 体力／感情上的消耗
adj. 耗尽的；废弃的；贫化的
 - waste, exhausted
v. 使减少；弄空；耗尽…的资源（deplete的过去分词）
 - minimized

Word: identified
Front: identified
[aɪ'dentɪfaɪd] (16552/20523)
Back: v. 认出( identify的过去式和过去分词 ); 支持; 确认; 辨认
分布：经鉴定的(72%)，动词identify的过去式和过去分词.(28%)
VERB
认出;识别;分辨出
If you can identify someone or something, you are able to recognize them or distinguish them from others.
例：There are a number of distinguishing characteristics by which you can identify a Hollywood epic...好莱坞的史诗大片有着一些与众不同的特点。
例：I tried to identify her perfume...我试图分辨出她用哪种香水。
VERB
确认;指认;验明
If you identify someone or something, you name them or say who or what they are.
例：Police have already identified around 10 murder suspects...警方已经确认了约10名谋杀案疑凶。
例：The reporters identified one of the six Americans as an Army Specialist...记者们认出6名美国人中有一位是陆军技术兵。
VERB
发现;察觉
If you identify something, you discover or notice its existence.
例：Scientists claim to have identified natural substances with cancer-combating properties...科学家们声称已经发现自然界的某些物质具有抗癌特性。
例：Having identified the problem, the question arises of how to overcome it.发现问题后，如何克服它的问题又出现了。
VERB
是…的标志;显示出
If a particular thing identifies someone or something, it makes them easy to recognize, by making them different in some way.
例：She wore a little nurse's hat on her head to identify her...她头戴一顶小护士帽，很容易辨认。
例：His boots and purple beret identify him as commanding the Scottish Paratroops.他的长靴和紫色贝雷帽表明他统领着苏格兰伞兵部队。
VERB
认同;理解;体会
If you identify with someone or something, you feel that you understand them or their feelings and ideas.
例：She would only play a role if she could identify with the character...她只愿扮演她能认同的角色。
例：I could speak their language and identify with their problems because I had been there myself.我会讲他们的语言，能体会他们的难处，因为我自己曾在那里呆过。
VERB
把…(与…密)切联系;认为…(与…)有关联
If you identify one person or thing with another, you think that they are closely associated or involved in some way.
例：She hates playing the sweet, passive women that audiences identify her with...她讨厌扮演那些漂亮可爱、消极被动的女人，观众们已把她定型为这类角色。
例：The candidates all want to identify themselves with reform.候选人都想把自己与改革密切联系起来。

Word: self-report
Front: self-report
['selfrɪp'ɔ:t] None
Back: [医]自我报告
分布：自我报告(100%)

Word: butcher
Front: butcher
[ˈbʊtʃə(r)] (高研四六雅 8421/8559 -1)
Vocabulary: butcher
(once / 470 pages)
1nv 2n 3n
The person whose job it is to cut up and sell meat is called a butcher. Your grandmother might go to the butcher once a week to buy pork chops.
A butcher is an expert at preparing cuts of meat and poultry in a butcher shop or the meat section of a supermarket. You can also call a person whose job is slaughtering farm animals a butcher. Because this is a fairly bloody, gory occupation, the word is also used to mean a cruel, ruthless murderer. It comes from the Old French bochier, "butcher," or literally, "slaughterer of goats," from bouc, "male goat."
WORD FAMILY
butcher: butchered, butchering, butcherly, butchers, butchery+/butchering: butcherings/butchery: butcheries
USAGE EXAMPLES
Any product with more than 8 percent foreign meat must say where the animal was born, raised and butchered.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The German butcher at 86th and Second Avenue complained that pickle jars were falling off the shelves from the vibrations of the construction.
Los Angeles Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Once a butchers’ headquarters,the building is now home to bars and a few artisan shops.
The Guardian(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 屠夫，屠户; 屠杀者，刽子手; 残酷的人; 肉铺
vt. 屠宰; 屠杀; 弄砸，弄糟; 把…处死刑
时态：butchered, butchering, butchers
分布：屠夫(66%)，屠宰(14%)，肉商(9%)，刽子手(6%)，小贩(2%)，滥杀(2%)，将某事弄得一团糟(1%)
→来自buck, 雄鹿, 公羊。插入字母t. 卖羊肉的人。
n.屠夫,卖肉者The wretched butcher clutched the needle and stitched it clumsily.可怜的屠夫抓针并且笨拙缝它.
【记】读：不齿。令人不齿的人－刽子手
US [-ɚ] noun countable
WORK 工作
 ADVANCED
■a person who sells meat in a shop 肉商，肉贩
 ADVANCED (UK also butcher's)
■a shop where butchers work 肉店，肉铺
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
MURDER 谋杀
■someone who murders a lot of people, especially in a cruel way 杀人魔王
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] noun countable
have a butcher's UK old-fashioned slang
■to look at something 看一看
• Let's have a butcher's at your present, then. 那么，让我们看一看你的礼物。
UK ['bʊtʃ.ər] US [-ɚ] verb transitive
■to cut an animal into pieces of meat 屠宰，宰杀
■to kill someone in a very violent way 屠杀，杀戮
vt. 屠杀
 - put to the sword, shed blood
n. 屠夫
 - slaughterer, flesher

Word: hesitantly
Front: hesitantly
['hezɪtəntlɪ] (16630/17010)
Back: adv. 迟疑地，踌躇地
分布：犹豫地(100%)
ADJ-GRADED
犹豫的;迟疑不决的;有疑虑的;难为情的;不愿的
If you are hesitant about doing something, you do not do it quickly or immediately, usually because you are uncertain, embarrassed, or worried.
例：She was hesitant about coming forward with her story...她不大愿意站出来讲述自己的经历。
例：His advisers are rightfully hesitant to let the United States be sucked into the conflict.他的顾问们都理所当然地有所犹豫，不愿让美国卷入冲突之中。
adv. 迟疑地；踌躇地
 - shrinkingly, diffidently

Word: well-intentioned
Front: well-intentioned
['welɪn'tenʃənd] None
Back: adj. 好意的，出于好意的
分布：好意的(50%)，出于善意的(50%)
adjective
■wanting to have good effects, but sometimes having bad effects which were not expected 出于好心的，本意良好的
• Well-intentioned development projects can have unintended negative effects on population control. 出发点很好的住宅开发专案计划可能会给人口控制带来意想不到的负面影响。
⇒ See also well-meaning
adj. 好意的，好心的；出于善意的
 - good-will

Word: seventeenth-century

Word: panther
Front: panther
[ˈpænθə(r)] (六宝 14654/15378 -1)
Back: n. 豹，黑豹; 美洲豹
分布：黑豹(59%)，美洲豹(41%)
→来自希腊语panther,豹，黑豹，词源不详。俗词源解读为pan-,全部，所有，-ther,野兽，词源同fierce,ferocity.字面意思即具备所有野兽特征的动物。
US [-θɚ] (plural panthers or panther)
noun countable
■a black leopard (= large wild cat) 黑豹
n. [脊椎] 豹；黑豹；美洲豹
 - leopard, pard

Word: geyser
Front: geyser
[ˈgi:zə(r)] (宝 16661/33646)
Vocabulary: geyser
(once / 5658 pages)
nv
A geyser is a spring that dramatically spews hot water and steam — Old Faithful in Yellowstone National Park is one of the most famous.
When a geyser explodes, hot water and steam shoot up out of the ground like some kind of crazy fountain. It's so amazing that people often use this word to describe things that remind them of geysers. If you suddenly make a lot of money, you hit a geyser. If someone is crying uncontrollably, that's a geyser of emotion. If you're writing quickly and well, it feels like a geyser of words. Anything powerfully flowing could be considered a geyser.
WORD FAMILY
geyser: geysered, geysering, geysers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Its visible geothermal features are nowhere near as striking as Yellowstone’s geysers and consist mainly of above-ground, pungent smelling sulphur springs.
Seattle Times(Jan 02, 2017)
The quake’s epicenter was 4 miles west of The Geysers and about 15 miles north of Healdsburg, the U.S.
Seattle Times(Dec 14, 2016)
A shallow magnitude 4.7 earthquake was reported Wednesday morning four miles from The Geysers, Calif., according to the U.S.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 间歇喷泉; （厨房、洗澡间的）煤气热水器[炉]
分布：间歇泉(91%)，天然热喷泉(9%)
→来自gheu, 喷涌，词源同foundry, gush.
【记】源自冰岛语盖瑟Geysir，冰岛西南的温泉的名字源于gush（v 涌出）gey＝gay（n 男同性恋）和ser＝sir（n 先生，阁下）在geyser里洗澡。
US ['gaɪ.zɚ] noun countable
■a hole in the ground from which hot water and steam are sent out 间歇喷泉
UK
■especially in the past, a device which uses gas to provide a house with hot water （特别是旧时）煤气热水器；热水锅炉
n. 喷泉； [水文] 间歇泉；（英）烧水锅炉
 - spouting fountain, fountain spring

Word: ruddy
Front: ruddy
[ˈrʌdi] (宝 16676/16588 -1)
Vocabulary: ruddy
(once / 905 pages)
adj
Ruddy is used to describe something that is reddish — like the color of red hair, tomatoes, or your cheeks on a cold winter's day.
Ruddy is commonly used to describe someone's complexion. In this case, it describes a healthy, reddish glow. Your skin might have a ruddy tone from working outside. You may hear someone use ruddy as a negative adjective, as well. In Britain it is a substitute for words like bloody or darn: "The ruddy door is stuck again. I'm going to take an axe to it!"
WORD FAMILY
ruddy: ruddier, ruddiest, ruddily, ruddiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Karen Ruddy told county commissioners that new computer software is a mess.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
And at last, on the ruddy faces of the five spectators, faint smiles appeared.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Rick Minns, nicknamed Ruddy Muddy, creates his works of arts in the mud, grease and dust on unwashed vans.
BBC(Dec 03, 2016)
Back: adj. 红润的，血色好的; 〈俚〉可恶的
adv. 非常
vt. 使变红
级别：ruddier, ruddiest
分布：红润的(55%)，红的(45%)
adjective
■red 红色的，发红的；红润的
• He was ruddy-cheeked from the walk in the cold. 大冷天他在外面走，脸冻得红红的。
• Her face was ruddy and healthy-looking. 她脸色红润，看上去很健康。
['rʌd.i] adjective [before noun] adverb UK old-fashioned informal
■used to avoid saying bloody to express anger （用于代替 bloody，表示气愤或恼怒）可恶的，讨厌的，该死的
• "Ruddy hell!" “该死的！”
adj. 红的；红润的
 - beet-faced, ruber
adv. 极度；非常
 - extremely, badly, highly, greatly, too
vt. 使变红
 - redden
vi. 变红
 - go red, redden

Word: amphitheater
Front: amphitheater
[ˌæmfɪ'θɪətə] (14626/-)
Vocabulary: amphitheater
(once / 8449 pages)
n
The "amphi" of amphitheater means "on both sides" in Greek. Ancient amphitheaters were exactly as described: open-air theaters that allowed spectators to sit on both sides of the action.
Today, the word amphitheater is used to mean any large, semicircular theater space. Often, although not always, they are outdoor spaces where concerts, theater, and other performances can be held. The Hollywood Bowl is an example of a modern amphitheater, where groups like Monty Python and the Beatles have performed. An amphitheater is also a large gallery overlooking an operating room in a hospital — usually used for teaching purposes.
WORD FAMILY
amphitheater: amphitheaters, amphitheatric+/amphitheatric: amphitheatrically
USAGE EXAMPLES
It offers a 500-seat amphitheater and is connected to the hospital by an enclosed bridge.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
The concept - which involves a manmade whitewater rafting course, zip lines, a conference center, an amphitheater, a restaurant and other amenities - is intriguing.
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Near the rock he found a series of cedar-lined draws that form a natural amphitheater.
Washington Times(Dec 17, 2016)
Back: n. 圆形露天剧场; 竞技场面; （供观摩外科手术等的）梯形教室; （剧场中的）阶梯式座位区
分布：圆形剧场(78%)，圆形凹地(13%)，阶梯式座位区(9%)
n. 竞技场； [建] 圆形露天剧场；古罗马剧场
 - lists, arena

Word: carp
Front: carp
[kɑ:p] (宝 16653/10893 -2)
Vocabulary: carp
(once / 2396 pages)
1n 2v
A carp is a type of fish found in fresh water. To carp is to complain and gripe repeatedly, especially about little things. Don’t carp about the rain if you live in the rain forest.
A carp is a freshwater fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family, which is native to Europe and Asia. To carp, on the other hand, is universal. To carp is to complain and whine in a particularly annoying way. Someone who always complains about the same things over and over loves to carp. Carping is a little like nagging: no one wants to listen to it. People who carp find fault with almost everything.
WORD FAMILY
carp: carped, carper, carping, carps+/carper: carpers/ carping: carpings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Additionally, the researchers call for close monitoring of invasive Asian carp, which might out-compete native fish species if they infest the Great Lakes.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
They are the same ones already carping about retired brain surgeon Ben Carson’s being picked to run the Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Washington Times(Dec 06, 2016)
But I digress, as does Ms. Arcade, moving from a brief history of the advertising industry to carping about tourist hordes invading the city.
New York Times(Dec 05, 2016)
Back: vi. 挑剔，吹毛求疵; 找茬儿
n. 鲤鱼; 鲤科（包括金鱼或锦鲤）
时态：carped, carping, carps
分布：鲤鱼(92%)，吹毛求疵(8%)
→来自拉丁词carpa.
【记】carp（n 鲤鱼）；鲤鱼刺多，所以要－挑刺car车，p屁。买车时给车屁股挑毛病－吹毛求疵
US [kɑ:rp] noun countable or uncountable (plural carp)
■a large fish which lives in lakes and rivers and which can be eaten 鲤鱼
UK [kɑ:p] US [kɑ:rp] verb intransitive
■to complain all the time about matters which are not important 挑剔，吹毛求疵
• I can't stand the way he's always carping. 我受不了他那副总是吹毛求疵的样子。
vi. 吹毛求疵
 - find quarrel in a straw, cavil about
n. 鲤鱼
 - tench

Word: achievable
Front: achievable
[ə'tʃi:vəbl] (16679/14555)
Vocabulary: achievable
(once / 23085 pages)
adj
If it is achievable, it can be done. When setting goals for yourself it is critical that you honestly assess whether or not they are achievable, otherwise you are doomed to failure.
If you achieve something, it must have been achievable. Things that are considered achievements usually require some dedication, skill, perseverance or intelligence. Things that may or may not be achievable, or possible, include solving global warming and world hunger. If you want to fly to the Sun on homemade wings, check with Icarus on whether or not that’s achievable.
WORD FAMILY
achievable: achievability, unachievable+/ achieve: achievable, achieved, achievement, achiever, achieves, achieving, overachieve, underachieve/ achievement: achievements, nonachievement/achiever: achievers, nonachiever/nonachiever: nonachievers/overachieve: overachieved, overachievement, overachiever, overachieves, overachieving/overachiever: overachievers/unachievable: unachievably/underachieve: underachievement, underachiever, underachieves, underachieving/underachiever: underachievers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Rivers and Farrell are suggesting changes they consider politically achievable.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
We might not be able to achieve it on a worldwide level, but within the UK, the US and Australia it should certainly be achievable.
The Guardian(Dec 27, 2016)
What I think is achievable is checking facts.
BBC(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 做得成的，可完成的，可有成就的
分布：做得成的(40%)，可完成的(30%)，可有成就的(30%)
adjective
■describes a task, etc. that is possible to achieve （任务等）可完成的，可达到的，可实现的
• Before you set your targets, make sure that they are achievable. 在制定目标前，首先要确定这些目标是你力所能及的。
adj. 可完成的；可有成就的；做得成的
 - perfectible, accomplishable

Word: amber
Front: amber
[ˈæmbə(r)] (13764/12120 -1)
Vocabulary: amber
(once / 1094 pages)
nadj
Amber is a brownish yellow color. Many cats have green eyes but those with amber eyes are likely to have yellow or white fur.
Amber is also a translucent golden or honeyed-yellow colored gemstone, often used to make jewelry. That's where the color amber gets its name. Amber comes from the ocean floor — most of it is harvested from the Baltic Sea off the coast of Russia. The most likely origin of amber is the Latin word for "bitter," amarus, as the color yellow was often associated with bitterness and envy.
WORD FAMILY
amber: amberly, ambers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Amber Rudd is to be secretary of state for energy and climate change.
BBC(Mar 19, 2016)
All Amber Alerts will receive a Wireless Emergency Alert, which pushes the notifications to mobile devices and interrupts broadcasts.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Pasztor said in an October jailhouse interview with WANE-TV that she decided to kill her children after hearing an Amber Alert for them.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 琥珀; 琥珀色; [军]线状无烟火药
adj. 琥珀色的; 琥珀制的
v. 使成琥珀色
分布：琥珀(67%)，琥珀色(20%)，琥珀色的(11%)，琥珀的(2%)
→来自阿拉伯语，龙涎香。传入欧洲，指琥珀。为使表述更明确，则用短语amber jaune. jaune, 同jaundice, 黄疸。
US [-bɚ] noun uncountable
■a hard transparent yellowish-brown substance which was formed in ancient times from the liquid of trees and is used in jewellery 琥珀
• He has a collection of prehistoric insects preserved in amber. 他收集了很多保存在琥珀中的史前昆虫化石。
■UK (US also yellow)
■the yellowish-orange traffic light which shows between the green and the red to warn drivers that the lights are about to change （交通信号）黄灯
• The lights turned to amber. 交通信号变成了黄灯。
n. [林] [中医] 琥珀；琥珀色
 - succinite, lamber

Word: repent
Front: repent
[rɪˈpent] (研四六雅宝 16583/15104)
Vocabulary: repent
(once / 242 pages)
v
The verb repent means "to feel sorry for something you've done." When you repent, you acknowledge what you did and vow to change your ways.
The word repent comes from the Old French word repentir, which means, "to feel regret for sins or crimes." If you cheat on an exam in school, and feel guilty afterwards, you might repent for your bad behavior by confessing to your teacher. The verb repent is often used in a religious context: when you repent, you try to make up for what you've done, promise to avoid sin in the future and devote yourself to God.
WORD FAMILY
repent: repentant, repented, repenting, repents+/ repentance: repentances/ repentant: repentance, repentantly, unrepentant / unrepentant: unrepentantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
“Fall to your knees and repent if you please!”
The Guardian(Nov 30, 2016)
The group considers all Shi'ite Muslims to be heretics who must repent or die.
Reuters(Nov 27, 2016)
Homer, having repented of his vote to deport his buddy, gives him disastrously bad advice on how to pass his citizenship test.
The Guardian(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: vt. & vi. 对（自己的所为）感到懊悔或忏悔
adj. [植] 匍匐生根的; [动] 爬行的
时态：repented, repenting, repents
分布：忏悔(51%)，后悔(40%)，悔悟(9%)
→re-,表强调，-pent,惩罚，悔罪，词源同 pain,punish,penitentiary.引申词义悔过，忏悔。
后悔,懊悔(re反+pent→反进来惩罚自己→后悔)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
[rɪ'pent] formal
verb intransitive
■to be very sorry for something bad you have done in the past and wish that you had not done it 后悔；悔过，忏悔
• He repented (of his sins) just hours before he died. 在临死前数小时，他才（对自己的罪孽）做了忏悔。
repent, regret
这组词都有“后悔”的意思，其区别是：
repent: 正式用词，语气较强，指对自己所做的错事或不该做的事感到深切的悔恨。
regret: 指对已发生或未发生的事或行为表示后悔或婉惜。
vi. 后悔；忏悔
 - rue
vt. 后悔；对…感到后悔
 - regret
adj. [植] 匍匐生根的； [动] 爬行的
 - acrawl, creepy

Word: karaoke
Front: karaoke
[ˌkæriˈəʊki] (16662/24951 -1)
Vocabulary: karaoke
(once / 21451 pages)
n
Karaoke is a type of entertainment where people sing popular songs to prerecorded music, usually in bars.
Like the haiku, karaoke was invented in Japan. This form of entertainment is very popular in the United States, where people sing karaoke every day. It's a chance to sing a song you love without having a band: you can just get up and belt it out. Usually, the lyrics are displayed too, so you don't even have to remember the words. A lot of people would probably rather die than sing karaoke, but lots of people can't get enough.
WORD FAMILY
karaoke: karaokes
USAGE EXAMPLES
In her case, it revealed, by way of “Carpool Karaoke,” what it’s like to drive around with a First Lady singing “Get Ur Freak On.”
The New Yorker(Dec 24, 2016)
Pizza will be served, and karaoke starts at 9 p.m. next door at Hula Hula.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
The karaoke, by all accounts, lasted until 3 a.m.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 卡拉OK; 卡拉OK录音; 自动伴奏录音
分布：卡拉OK(100%)
→来自日语，kara,空的，可能来自日本化汉语空，oke,缩写自orchestra,管弦乐队。
US [ˌker.i'oʊ.ki] noun uncountable
■a form of entertainment, originally from Japan, in which recordings of the music but not the words of popular songs are played, so that people can sing the words themselves 卡拉 OK
• a karaoke bar/machine/night 卡拉 OK 酒吧／点唱机／之夜
n. 卡拉OK；卡拉OK录音，自动伴奏录音
 - KALAOK

Word: forage
Front: forage
[ˈfɒrɪdʒ] (托宝 11147/15297 -1)
Vocabulary: forage
(once / 1432 pages)
vn
To forage is to wander around looking for food. When it’s cold and snowy outside, birds may forage for food in your backyard, digging around for whatever they can find.
The verb forage often describes animals searching for food, but it can also be applied to people. In those circumstances it retains the slightly desperate sense of coming up with whatever is available. For example, if you want to cook dinner but have no time to go to the grocery store, you might forage your refrigerator and cabinets to find good substitutes for ingredients in your recipe.
WORD FAMILY
forage: foraged, forager, forages, foraging+/forager: foragers/foraging: foragings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He spent the day before foraging for food in an empty lot, because there was nothing to eat at home.
New York Times(Dec 25, 2016)
The birds are a familiar sight in the Mid-Columbia, foraging under dams such as the Wanawish on the Yakima River in the Horn Rapids area.
Seattle Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Essentially: dressing up like Florence Welch’s cat-lady aunt after a day spent foraging for oyster mushrooms.
The Guardian(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 牛马饲料; 寻找粮草
vi. 搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）; （尤指用手）搜寻（东西）
时态：foraged, foraging, forages
分布：饲料(82%)，喂(9%)，搜寻粮草(4%)，粮草(4%)，掠夺(1%)
→来自Proto-Germanic*fodram, 食物，觅食，词源同food, fodder.
US ['fɔ:r-] verb intransitive
■to go from place to place searching, especially for food 搜寻；（尤指）觅食
• The children had been living on the streets, foraging for scraps and sleeping rough. 那些孩子无家可归，四处寻找残羹剩饭，露宿街头。
• The pigs foraged in the woods for acorns. 那些猪在树林里找橡果吃。
UK ['fɒr.ɪdʒ] US ['fɔ:r-] noun uncountable
■food grown for horses and farm animals （马等家畜的）草料，饲料
• winter forage 冬季饲料
• forage crops. 饲料作物
n. [畜牧] 饲料；草料；搜索
 - feed, scanning, searching
vi. 搜寻粮草；搜寻
 - search, hunt for

Word: Slavic
Front: Slavic
['slɑːvɪk] (16682/35256)
Back: n. 斯拉夫语
adj. 斯拉夫的；斯拉夫语的
分布：斯拉夫语(55%)，斯拉夫语的(30%)，斯拉夫人的(15%)
ADJ
斯拉夫人的
Something that is Slavic belongs or relates to Slavs.
例：...Americans of Slavic descent.斯拉夫裔的美国人
例：...Slavic culture.斯拉夫文化

Word: underdeveloped
Front: underdeveloped
[ˌʌndədɪˈveləpt] (托 16686/19405 -1)
Back: adj. 未充分发育或发展的; （国家等）经济不发达的; 足的
v. （使）发展不完全，（使）显影不足( underdevelop的过去式和过去分词)
分布：不发达的(74%)，发育不全的(20%)，动词underdevelop的过去式和过去分词.(6%)
不发达的(under+developed发展→发展不够)[under-①表示"在…下"②表示"不足,不够"③表示"副手"]
US [-dɚ-] adjective
■(especially of a country) without modern industry or modern services that provide transport, health care, etc （尤指国家）不发达的
• an underdeveloped country 不发达国家
• It's in the poorer, underdeveloped eastern region of the country that the biggest problems exist. 最大的问题存在于这个国家较为贫穷落后的东部地区。

Word: raindrop
Front: raindrop
[ˈreɪndrɒp] (16687/22757)
Back: n. 雨点，雨滴
分布：雨滴(72%)，雨点(28%)
US [-drɑ:p] noun countable
■a single drop of rain 雨滴；雨点
n. [气象] 雨滴；雨点
 - drip-drop

Word: stateroom
Front: stateroom
[ˈsteɪtru:m] (16542/45225)
Back: n. 特等客舱
分布：包房(40%)，政府公寓(30%)，（轮船(15%)，火车等的）特等舱(15%)
→state,国家，政府，room,屋子，房间。原指中世纪贵族招待国王或达官显贵的房间。
noun countable
■a large room, especially in a castle or palace , which is used for formal or important occasions （尤指城堡或宫殿的）谒见厅，议事厅
• the staterooms at Windsor Castle 温莎城堡的谒见厅
n. 政府公寓；特等舱；包房
 - passenger compartment

Word: cadaver
Front: cadaver
[kəˈdævə(r)] (宝 16658/25625)
Vocabulary: cadaver
(once / 5432 pages)
n
A cadaver is a dead human body used in scientific or medical research. If you are dead, you are a corpse, but if Dr. Frankenstein robs your grave so he can use your body for research, you become a cadaver. Umm... congratulations?
Cadaver comes from the Latin verb, cadere, which means “to fall." Its English origins refer to soldiers who died in battle, i.e. the fallen. Dissection of a cadaver is a major rite of passage for medical school students––some have been known to run from the room and throw up — though most surprise themselves.
WORD FAMILY
cadaver: cadaveric, cadaverous, cadavers+/ cadaverous: cadaverously
USAGE EXAMPLES
A nearby site also contained remains of human cadavers and stillborn fetuses used in medical classes.
Washington Times(Dec 26, 2016)
She shot him and slipped his corpse into a coffin with another cadaver to escape detection.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Dignity 1 is going to have to continue with the cadaver on board.
Economist(Oct 20, 2016)
Back: n. 尸体
分布：尸体(87%)，死尸(13%)
→来自词根cid, 掉落，此处抽象为死亡。词源同case, accident.
【记】cad＝fall倒下－倒下的人－尸体cad无赖，aver断言－无赖说的话不能算数－象死人的话一样。Cad＝cab出租车，a一，ver读：味儿：出租车里有一股味道－谋杀完别人就可以把他扔到出租车里，所以这是死尸味道。
【参】decadent（adj 颓废的）；cadence（n 节奏）
US [-ɚ] specialized
noun countable
■a dead human body 尸体，死尸
n. [医] 尸体；死尸
 - corpse, lich, lych

Word: earmark
Front: earmark
[ˈɪəmɑ:k] (12180/9935 -1)
Vocabulary: earmark
(once / 4130 pages)
1v 2n
To earmark something is to set it aside for a specific purpose. If you’re saving money to spend it in a particular way — whether it’s for college or a fancy new pair of shoes — you have earmarked that money.
Originally, an earmark was a mark on the ear of an animal — such as a sheep — that indicated ownership. Similarly, when government officials earmark a resource, they're indicating what the resource will be used for. Earmarking is usually about money. $10,000 could be earmarked for cancer research. A grant could be earmarked for a children's hospital. Earmarking is a way of stating how something will be used.
WORD FAMILY
earmark: earmarked, earmarking, earmarks
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This year was a good earmark for just level-headedness, not jumping the gun,” Pry said.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
In Angola, $64 million frozen by the Swiss authorities was repatriated and earmarked for mine clearance and agricultural development.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
To develop, manufacture and market the car, Ford earmarked $3 billion — about $8 billion in today’s dollars — in hope of turning the company around.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 指定用途; 标记; 打耳记
n. 特征; 耳记; 标记
时态：earmarked, earmarking, earmarks
分布：指定(38%)，特征(21%)，耳上记号(21%)，记号(10%)，在耳朵做记号(10%)
→因古代在自家牲口耳朵上作记号而引申该词义，比较maverick.
US ['ɪr.mɑ:rk] verb transitive often passive
■to keep or intend something for a particular purpose 划拨（款项）；指定…作特定用途
• Five billion dollars of this year's budget is already earmarked for hospital improvements. 今年的预算已经提拨50亿美元专门用于改善医院设施。
vt. 在耳朵上做记号；标记
 - flag, emblemize
n. 特征；耳上记号
 - characteristic, specificity

Word: intifada
Front: intifada
['ɪntɪfeɪdə] (16681/17941)
Back: n. (1987年底爆发的)以色列占领区的巴勒斯坦人暴动
分布：暴动(100%)
n. 起义；暴动；叛乱
 - putsch, insurgence

Word: mysticism
Front: mysticism
[ˈmɪstɪsɪzəm] (16690/15694)
Vocabulary: mysticism
(once / 2216 pages)
1n 2n
Mysticism is a religion or religious belief based on union or communion with a deity, or divine being. Mysticism is what lets you transcend the physical to experience enlightenment — let's just say you'll recognize it when it happens.
Mystical, mysterious, and filled with wonder, mysticism is easily associated with crystals, New Age theories, or the occult (the supernatural). The truth is that many faiths, including Hinduism, Judaism, and Christianity, have their own forms of mysticism, placing an emphasis on spiritual connection and union, and the mysteries of religion over dogma or rigid rules. Outside of religion, mysticism is applied to cryptic, obscure, or irrational thought — leaning toward mystery and wonder, rather than logic.
WORD FAMILY
mysticism: mysticisms+/ mystic: mystical, mystics/ mystical: mystically, mysticism
USAGE EXAMPLES
Mysticism and hexes and sorcerers are the stuff of daily life here.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Doctor Strange added mysticism and the occult to the storyline, further recharging the novelty of the series.
The Guardian(Dec 12, 2016)
For all of his mysticism, he writes at length — and with greatest passion — about the need for organization and discipline.
New York Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 神秘; 神秘主义; 玄想（的谬说）
分布：神秘(88%)，神秘论(10%)，神秘教(2%)
→来自mystery,神秘，-ism,主义，思想。
noun uncountable
■the belief that there is hidden meaning in life or that each human being can unite with God 神秘主义；通灵论
n. 神秘；神秘主义；谬论
 - mistery, idol

Word: oppositional
Front: oppositional
[ˌɒpə'zɪʃənl] (16521/25018)
Back: adj. 反对的，对抗的
分布：反对的(54%)，对抗的(46%)
adj. 对抗的；反对的
 - anti, confrontational

Word: circular
Front: circular
[ˈsɜ:kjələ(r)] (研四六托宝 6749/4711 -2)
Back: adj. 圆形的; 环行的; 迂回的，绕行的; 供传阅的，流通的
n. 通知，通告; 印制的广告，传单
分布：圆形的(60%)，循环的(20%)，传单(12%)，通报(8%)
→来自circle,圈。
圆的;循环的(circ+ular表形容词)[circ,cycl=ring,circle,表示"圆,环"]
a.圆(形)的,环形的;循环的n.传单,通报Have you seen that circular from the new disco center?你见到那家新开的迪厅的广告了吗?
US ['sɝ:.kjʊ.lɚ] adjective
■shaped like a circle 圆形的，环形的
• a circular flowerbed/tablecloth 圆形花坛／桌布
■describes an argument which keeps returning to the same points and is not effective 循环论证的；迂回而无效的
UK ['sɜ:.kjʊ.lər] US ['sɝ:.kjʊ.lɚ] noun countable
■a letter or notice sent to a large number of people （同时发给很多人的）通知，通报，传单
• Circulars and other junk mail go straight in the bin. 传单和其他的垃圾邮件直接扔进垃圾桶。
adj. 循环的； [数] 圆形的；间接的
 - indirect, cyclic, rounded
n. 通知，传单
 - notice, advice, information

Word: brooch
Front: brooch
[brəʊtʃ] (宝 16633/12918)
Vocabulary: brooch
(once / 2498 pages)
nv
That fancy pin your Grandma used to wear on her blouse or lapel? It's a brooch, held in place by a sharp needle clasp.
Okay, it's a bit unfair to say Grandmothers alone wear brooches, but they do tend to be worn more by powerful older women — witness Margaret Thatcher and Madeleine Albright (both noted brooch wearers). Not surprisingly, brooch is derived from the old French word brooch, meaning "a long needle."
WORD FAMILY
brooch: brooched, brooches
USAGE EXAMPLES
She originally created the brooch for a 1998 traveling exhibit honoring then U.S.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The Met has sold off other assets in recent years: In 2014 it sold a diamond brooch in its collection for $2.3 million.
New York Times(Nov 23, 2016)
To cast their ballots, they had worn their grandmothers’ brooches, white in honor of the suffragists or pantsuits bought for the occasion.
New York Times(Nov 09, 2016)
Back: n. 胸针，饰针
分布：胸针(90%)，领针(10%)
→来自拉丁词brocca, 针，刺，词源同broach.
【记】读：布肉吃。胸针不是扎在布上就是扎在肉上。
US [broʊtʃ] noun countable
■a small piece of jewellery with a pin at the back that is fastened to a woman's clothes 胸针
• She wore a small silver brooch. 她戴着银制小胸针。
n. （女用的）胸针，领针
 - breastpin

Word: slink
Front: slink
[slɪŋk] (16685/24253)
Vocabulary: slink
(once / 1761 pages)
v
When you slink, you move in a deliberately quiet and sneaky way. You might slink into your physics class, hoping the teacher won't notice how late you are.
Kids playing hide and seek will sometimes slink around the house, quietly searching for good hiding spots, and wild animals tend to slink through the woods or fields when they're stalking prey or trying to avoid becoming prey themselves. Slink comes from the Old English word slincan, "to creep or crawl," which was mostly used to describe the movements of reptiles.
WORD FAMILY
slink: slinked, slinking, slinks, slunk
USAGE EXAMPLES
The proteins allow a neuron to recognize the surfaces and cells that it needs to slink over—and where it must stop to connect.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 15, 2016)
Fosse’s dancers slunk across the stage, nearly frozen by their self-control and their disaffection.
The New Yorker(Nov 27, 2016)
The saw-toothed ridgelines of mountain firs poked at the bellies of soft clouds slinking through the pass.
Seattle Times(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: vi. 偷偷溜走
vt. 早产
时态：slinked, slunk, slinking, slinks
分布：早产的(26%)，早产的动物(23%)，早产(23%)，偷偷溜走(17%)，扭捏招摇地走(11%)
→来自古英语 slincan,爬行，来自 Proto-Germanic*slinkan,爬行，来自 slei,滑的，词源同 slip,slime.引申比喻义偷偷摸摸的走，溜走。
【记】s死，link连接：使铁链子死了就可以潜逃
【反】walk openly（公开地走）
[slɪŋk] (slunk, slunk)
verb intransitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to walk away from somewhere quietly so that you are not noticed （悄悄）溜走
• I tried to slink out of the room so that nobody would see me go. 我试图偷偷溜出房间，免得有人看到我离开。
• disapproving He usually slinks off (= leaves) at about 3.30. 他通常在下午三点半左右开溜。
vi. 潜逃；溜走
 - escape, absquatulate
n. 早产的动物；鬼鬼祟祟的人
 - sneak
adj. 早产的
 - premature

Word: released
Front: released
[rɪ'li:st] (16592/20298)
Back: v. 释放( release的过去式和过去分词 ); 放开; 发布; 发行
分布：释放(98%)，动词release的过去式和过去分词(1%)，让予(1%)
VERB
释放;放出
If a person or animal is released from somewhere where they have been locked up or looked after, they are set free or allowed to go.
例：He was released from custody the next day...第二天他被从拘留所里放了出来。
例：He is expected to be released from hospital today...他有望今天出院。
N-COUNT
释放;出院
When someone is released, you refer to their release .
例：He called for the immediate release of all political prisoners.他要求立即释放所有政治犯。
例：...the secret negotiations necessary to secure hostage releases...为确保人质释放而要进行的秘密谈判
VERB
使免除;使免于
If someone or something releases you from a duty, task, or feeling, they free you from it.
例：Divorce releases both the husband and wife from all marital obligations to each other...离婚解除了夫妻双方相互之间所有的婚姻义务。
例：This releases the teacher to work with individuals who are having extreme difficulty.这使得教师可以专门辅导学习特别吃力的学生。
VERB
发泄，释放(情感);展示(能力)
To release feelings or abilities means to allow them to be expressed.
例：Becoming your own person releases your creativity...保持自己的本色才有助于发挥自身创造力。
例：I personally don't want to release my anger on anyone else...我个人并不想把自己的愤怒发泄在别人身上。
VERB
发布;发表;公布
If someone in authority releases something such as a document or information, they make it available.
例：They're not releasing any more details yet...他们还未公布更多细节。
例：Figures released yesterday show retail sales were down in March.昨天公布的数据显示零售额在3月份有所下滑。
VERB
放手;放开;释放
If you release someone or something, you stop holding them.
例：He stopped and faced her, releasing her wrist.他停下来面对着她，放开了她的手腕。
例：...the twisting action before a bowler releases the ball.投球手掷球前的屈身动作
VERB
打开，放开，松开(制动装置)
If you release a device, you move it so that it stops holding something.
例：Wade released the hand brake and pulled away from the curb.韦德松开手刹驶离路边。
VERB
释放，放出，排放(气体、热量或某种物质)
If something releases gas, heat, or a substance, it causes it to leave its container or the substance that it was part of and enter the surrounding atmosphere or area.
例：...a weapon which releases toxic nerve gas...释放神经毒气的武器
例：The contraction of muscles uses energy and releases heat...肌肉的收缩消耗能量并且释放热量。
VERB
发行，推出(唱片、碟片或电影)
When an entertainer or company releases a new CD, video, or film, it becomes available so that people can buy it or see it.
例：He is releasing an album of love songs.他即将推出一张情歌专辑。
N-COUNT
新发行的影片;新片;新碟;发行物
A new release is a new CD, video, or film that has just become available for people to buy or see.
例：Which of the new releases do you think are really good?在这些新片中你觉得哪些真的不错？
N-UNCOUNT
(影片的)上映，公映；（录像带的）发行
If a film or video is on release or on general release, it is available for people to see in public cinemas or for people to buy.
例：The video has sold three million copies in its first three weeks on release.影碟推出的前3周就卖出了300万张。
v. 释放（release的过去式）；已发布
 - unlocked

Word: remittance
Front: remittance
[rɪˈmɪtns] (雅宝 16559/17349 -1)
Vocabulary: remittance
(once / 3354 pages)
n
A remittance is a payment that gets sent somewhere else. If you get a bill in the mail, you will usually have at least a week to send your remittance.
To "remit" is to send money or make a payment and what you send is called remittance. Buying anything from a website involves a remittance — usually from a grownup's credit card, just as keeping your cell phone going requires a regular remittance to cover minutes and messages. If you go on a trip and run out of money, you might need an emergency remittance for a plane or train ticket to get home.
WORD FAMILY
remittance: remittances+/ remission: remissions/ remit: remission, remitment, remits, remittance, remitted, remittent, remitting/remitting: unremitting / unremitting: unremittingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Solution: Bitpesa uses Bitcoin to significantly lower the time and cost of remittances and and business payments to and from sub-Saharan Africa.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
But the possibility is affecting migrants' remittance decisions.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
If remittances are seized, he forecasts a $25bn loss for Mexico, concentrated in poor areas.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Back: n. 汇款; 汇款额; 支付（金额）; [法]（案件的）发回，移转
分布：汇款(100%)
【记】re反复，mit送，tance－反复送出的money－汇款
US [-'mɪtˌ-] formal
noun
countable
■a sum of money which you send to someone 汇款；汇款额
• She sends a small remittance home to her parents each month. 她每月寄回家一小笔钱给她父母。
uncountable
■when you send payment to someone 汇付；汇款
• remittance advice/information 汇款通知／消息

Word: Spanish-speaking

Word: iridescent
Front: iridescent
[ˌɪrɪˈdesnt] (宝 16703/22379)
Vocabulary: iridescent
(once / 4911 pages)
adj
Iridescent is an adjective that means lustrous and pearly, giving off a brilliant sheen like an oil slick or, well, a pearl.
Iridescent came to be in 1796, when some enthusiastic word maker took the Latin word iris, which means "rainbow," and morphed it into an English word that describes anything giving off a luminous, rainbow sheen or that changes color in the light. It's a great descriptive word — if you can resist the urge to spell it with an extra "r."
WORD FAMILY
iridescent: iridescence, iridescently+/iridesce: iridesced, iridescent / iridescence: iridescences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The biggest trend this quarter, for example, is shiny, iridescent, opalescent and silver, says Ms James.
BBC(Dec 17, 2016)
During his session, he saw spirals of iridescent spheres that folded in on themselves.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
She turns to see her co-host, grinning, iridescent with cameras.
Nature(Nov 22, 2016)
Back: adj. 彩虹色的; （随位置不同而）变色的，闪色的; 小配件
分布：彩虹色的(54%)，闪光的(46%)
→来自希腊语iris,彩虹，-escent,形容词后缀。即像彩虹一样的，引申词义色彩斑斓的。
【记】源于Iris（n 艾丽丝：彩虹女神，负责为诸神报信）
【反】monochromatic（adj 单色的）
adjective
■showing many bright colours which change with movement 色彩斑斓的，虹彩的
• Her latest fashion collection features shimmering iridescent materials. 她最近推出的时装系列的特色是采用闪闪发亮、色彩斑斓的布料。
adj. 彩虹色的；闪光的
 - shot, irised

Word: lilac
Front: lilac
[ˈlaɪlək] (16697/19662 -1)
Back: n. [植]丁香花属，丁香花，紫丁香; 丁香紫，淡紫色
adj. 丁香紫的淡紫色的
分布：淡紫色(47%)，紫丁香(36%)，淡紫色的(17%)
→来自阿拉伯语lilak,来自nilak的拼写异体，nil,靓蓝，词源同aniline.引申词义丁香花，因其蓝色的花瓣而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
PLANT 植物
■a bush or small tree with sweet-smelling purple or white flowers 丁香
• The lilacs are in bloom. 丁香开花了。
['laɪ.lək] noun countable or uncountable
COLOUR 颜色
■a pale colour between pink and purple 丁香紫色，淡紫色（介于粉红色和紫色之间）
['laɪ.lək] adjective
■having a pale colour between pink and purple 淡紫色（的），丁香紫（的）
n. 淡紫色； [植] 丁香花；紫丁香
 - mauve, heliotrope
adj. 淡紫色的
 - violescent, orchid

Word: glut
Front: glut
[glʌt] (托宝 16700/19943 -1)
Vocabulary: glut
(once / 3090 pages)
vn
A glut is too much of something. A glut of gas in the marketplace can lower its price. A glut of heavy metal T-shirts in your dresser, however, has nothing to do with the economy but might be a signal that it's time to clean your room.
Glut comes from the Old French gloter, meaning "to swallow too much." The glottis is the part of your body where your vocal folds reside and where you swallow. If you go to the movies alone and get the family tub of popcorn, you are glutting yourself on the salty snack, but do try not to get any popcorn stuck in your glottis. Glut is used more commonly in reference to the economics of the marketplace, where an oversupply of one thing lowers prices.
WORD FAMILY
glut: englut, gluts, glutted, glutting+/englut: engluts, englutted, englutting
USAGE EXAMPLES
At the start of the year, some predicted a glut of office space in Bellevue.
Seattle Times(Jan 01, 2017)
A glut of new construction in Brooklyn pushed landlords to offer all manner of incentives, including months of free rent, to fill buildings.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Those margins collapsed this year in a global fuel supply glut, providing an incentive for refiners to undertake the shutdowns necessary for maintenance.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: vt. 使吃饱; 使充斥
vi. 过量地吃
n. 供过于求; 吃得过多
时态：glutted, glutting, gluts
分布：供过于求(66%)，过量(21%)，使充满(10%)，过量供应(3%)
→来自gwele, 喉咙，吞食，词源同gullet. 后用于经济学术语，供过于求。
吞吃glutton饱食者(gluttony 暴饮暴食)[glut=devour(吞吃)]
【记】读：割了它－你已经供过于求了，那里不需要了，割了它吧。
【参】gluttonous（adj 暴食的；贪吃的）
【反】dearth（n 缺乏）dear死了
noun countable
■a supply of something that is much greater than can be sold or is needed or wanted 供过于求；供应过盛
• The fall in demand for coffee could cause a glut on/in the market. 咖啡需求减少会导致市场供应过盛。
• The current glut of graduates means that many of them will not be able to find jobs. 现在大学毕业生人数过多，意味着他们当中许多人无法找到工作。
vt. 使…充满；使…吃饱；过多供应
 - steep
vi. 吃得过多
 - stuff, overeat
n. （商品）供过于求；大量
 - lots of, wealth, ocean, sea, body

Word: bookseller
Front: bookseller
[ˈbʊkselə(r)] (16702/8293 -1)
Back: n. 书商
分布：书商(100%)
US [-ɚ] noun countable
■a person or company that sells books 书商，售书者；图书公司
n. 书商；售书员
 - bibliopole, libraire

Word: newsprint
Front: newsprint
[ˈnju:zprɪnt] (16698/19705)
Vocabulary: newsprint
(once / 13744 pages)
n
Newsprint is the inexpensive paper that's used to print newspapers and ads. Magazines tend to be printed on glossy, high-quality paper, while newspapers are printed on the thin and messy newsprint.
Because it's cheap, very strong, and makes a good background for the four-color printing that newspapers typically use, newsprint is the most popular kind of paper for this kind of printing. Newsprint was invented in the mid-1800s, from wood pulp. It comes on rolls that unspool into a printing press. Despite the decline in Western printed newspapers, demand for newsprint continues to grow in much of Asia, especially China.
WORD FAMILY
newsprint
USAGE EXAMPLES
He muzzled the independent media by stripping critical TV stations of their broadcast licenses and withheld newsprint from independent newspapers.
Wall Street Journal(Oct 21, 2016)
An inside source spoke of the move as “an economy measure to see whether the newsprint issue is able to wash its face.”
The Guardian(Oct 11, 2016)
The Times tried to cloak its news with a veneer of respectability, but the sounds of the street could still be heard through the newsprint.
The New Yorker(Oct 01, 2016)
Back: n. 新闻纸; 白报纸; （印刷报纸的）油墨; 报刊文章
分布：新闻用纸(70%)，油墨(18%)，报刊文章(12%)
→news,新闻，print,打印。
US ['nu:z-] noun uncountable
■cheap, low quality paper that newspapers are printed on 新闻纸，白报纸

Word: outrun
Front: outrun
[ˌaʊtˈrʌn] (16586/21358)
Vocabulary: outrun
(once / 3768 pages)
v
To outrun someone is to move faster than they do. Your lazy cat might enjoy hunting for mice, although the mice always seem to outrun him in the end.
You can outrun an opponent in a race, and you can also watch a video game character outrun a pursuing zombie — outrun can also mean "escape from." Your dog might enjoy chasing cars, never managing to outrun them. More figuratively, you can say that your hopes always outrun the reality of a situation. In other words, what you dream of exceeds what actually happens.
WORD FAMILY
outrun: outran, outrunning, outruns
USAGE EXAMPLES
And, as Prometheus taught anyone who happened to be paying attention, technologies, once unleashed, tend to outrun the grip of their would-be masters.
Salon(Dec 30, 2016)
BMW AG and others place financial bets on small startups in an effort to outrun Silicon Valley tech giants that are trying to reinvent automobiles.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 27, 2016)
The wave would almost certainly catch most of the people trying to outrun it.
The New Yorker(Dec 25, 2016)
Back: vt. 跑得比…快; 逃脱; 逃走; 超出
时态：outran, outrun, outrunning, outruns
分布：超过(84%)，从...逃脱(8%)，比 ... 跑得更快(8%)
[ˌaʊt'rʌn] (outrunning, outran, outrun)
verb transitive
■to move faster or further than someone or something 比…跑得快（或远）
• The thieves easily outran the policewoman who was chasing them. 小偷跑得很快，轻而易举地甩掉了追赶他们的女警。
■to develop faster or further than something 发展得比…快；超过，胜过
• In the future, demand for tungsten will outrun supply. 将来钨会供不应求。
vt. 超过；跑得比…快；从…逃脱
 - better than, top

Word: expectant
Front: expectant
[ɪkˈspektənt] (16585/18997 -1)
Vocabulary: expectant
(once / 598 pages)
adj
If you're expectant, you're waiting excitedly for something. A throng of expectant fans might wait outside a concert venue, hoping for a glimpse of the band arriving.
When someone's expectant, they are anticipating something good, eagerly awaiting it. When you're hoping for a call, your expectant glance might land on your cell phone every five minutes, and if you're especially hungry for lunch, you might keep an expectant eye on the clock during math class. Because pregnant women tend to be excitedly waiting for a baby to be born, they're also commonly described as expectant.
WORD FAMILY
expectant: expectancy, expectantly+/ expect: expectable, expectant, expectation, expected, expecting, expects/expectable: expectably/expectancy: expectancies/ expectation: expectations/ expected: expectedly, expectedness, unexpected / unexpected: unexpecteder, unexpectedly, unexpectedness
USAGE EXAMPLES
The youngest expectant mother she’s seen was in eighth grade.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Johnson is an expectant father and celebrated his 25th birthday on Dec. 16.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Nursing and expectant mothers get special treatment, and new animals always warm quickly to their new surroundings.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: adj. 期待的，预期的，期望的
n. [数]期望值; 期待着; 候选人
分布：怀孕的(40%)，期待的(34%)，期待者(13%)，预期者(13%)
【记】expect（vt 期待；指望；[托福口语中]认为）
adjective
THINKING 思考
■thinking that something pleasant or exciting is going to happen （对愉快或令人激动的事情）期待的，渴望的，盼望的
• the children's expectant faces 小朋友充满渴望的表情
[ɪk'spek.tənt] adjective
PREGNANT 怀孕的
[before noun]
■describes a woman who is pregnant or a man whose partner is pregnant 怀孕的；将要成为父母的
• expectant mothers/fathers/couples 准妈妈／爸爸／父母
adj. 期待的；怀孕的；预期中的
 - pregnant, cyetic
n. 期待者；候选人
 - candidate for

Word: projecting
Front: projecting
[prə'dʒektɪŋ] (六托 16613/18559)
Back: adj. 突出的，伸出的
v. 投射( project的现在分词 ); 计划; 提出; 展现
分布：突出的(82%)，伸出的(13%)，动词project的现在分词.(5%)
N-COUNT
项目；工程；计划；规划
A project is a task that requires a lot of time and effort.
例：Money will also go into local development projects in Vietnam...钱也会用于越南的地方发展项目当中。
例：...an international science project...国际科学项目
N-COUNT
（学生的）课题，研究项目
A project is a detailed study of a subject by a pupil or student.
例：Students complete projects for a personal tutor, working at home at their own pace.学生完成了做私人家教的课题，在家里按自己的步调工作。
VERB
规划；计划；预计
If something is projected, it is planned or expected.
例：Africa's mid-1993 population is projected to more than double by 2025...预计到2025年，非洲的人口会是1993年年中人口的两倍多。
例：The government had been projecting a 5% consumer price increase for the entire year.政府预测全年消费价格将增长5%。
VERB
（使）呈现；（使）表现；（使）展现
If you project someone or something in a particular way, you try to make people see them in that way. If you project a particular feeling or quality, you show it in your behaviour.
例：Bradley projects a natural warmth and sincerity...布拉德利表现出一种自然的热情和真诚。
例：He just hasn't been able to project himself as the strong leader...他根本没能表现出一个强有力的领导者的样子。
VERB
把（情感、想法）投射转移（到他人身上）
If you project feelings or ideas on to other people, you imagine that they have the same ideas or feelings as you.
例：He projects his own thoughts and ideas onto her.他以为她有着和自己相同的想法和观点。
VERB
投射；放映
If you project a film or picture onto a screen or wall, you make it appear there.
例：The team tried projecting the maps with two different projectors onto the same screen.这个小组想用两台不同的投影仪把这些地图投射到同一个屏幕上。
VERB
伸出；凸出
If something projects, it sticks out above or beyond a surface or edge.
例：...the remains of a war-time defence which projected out from the shore.海滨凸立着的战时防御工事的遗迹
例：...a piece of projecting metal.一块凸立着的金属
adj. 突出的；伸出的
 - prominent, pointed, highlighted, striking, protrudent
v. 使突出（project的现在分词）；计划；发射
 - planning, designing

Word: opulent
Front: opulent
[ˈɒpjələnt] (宝 16597/19337 -1)
Vocabulary: opulent
(once / 1590 pages)
adj
Opulent is a word that you will hear a lot around rich people looking to show off. "Remember the opulent buffet at Carrie’s sweet sixteen? Sixteen chocolate cakes iced in gold leaf!"
If you want to remember that opulent is a word describing lavish displays of wealth, you can think of the word opal to help you remember it––opal being a rare gem. And if you are lucky enough to be able to afford opulence yourself, don’t describe it that way. The word contains connotations of pretentious. And gold leaf cake aside, who wants that?
WORD FAMILY
opulent: opulence, opulently+/ opulence: opulences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The photos of opulent surroundings and the descriptions of fancy appetizers suggest to me that the journalists are being played.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
The director David McVicar’s opulent production of the opera is showing at the Opera House in February, conducted by Daniel Oren.
New York Times(Dec 21, 2016)
At the opulent Kings Theater, the show was a meticulous, full-scale rock concert; the most satisfyingly varied of the three.
New York Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 富裕的; 豪华的; <正>富足的; 繁茂的
分布：富裕的(75%)，充足的(25%)
→来自拉丁语opulentus,富有的，来自op,努力，劳作，创作，词源同opus,operate.词义由工作，创作引申为作品，财富等。
【记】opu大，多，lent一富裕的
【参】opus（n 音乐大作品）
US ['ɑ:.pjʊ-] adjective
■expensive and luxurious 奢华的；豪华的；奢侈的
• an opulent lifestyle 奢侈的生活方式
• an opulent hotel 豪华的饭店
adj. 丰富的；富裕的；大量的
 - abundant, massive, extensive, substantial, macro

Word: allowable
Front: allowable
[əˈlaʊəbl] (16708/16005)
Back: adj. 允许的，正当的，可承认的; 许用
分布：容许的(100%)
adjective
■allowed according to the rules or laws that control a particular area of activity （法律或规定）允许的，准许的
• A certain level of error is allowable (= permitted to happen). 一定程度的错误是容许的。
• UK allowable expenses (= expenses on which no taxes are paid) 可免税的消费
adj. 许可的；正当的；可承认的；可获宽免
 - valid, legitimate

Word: crossfire
Front: crossfire
[ˈkrɒsfaɪə(r)] (16543/33808)
Vocabulary: crossfire
(once / 15887 pages)
n
Crossfire is when weapons are being fired from different directions, crossing the same general area. Getting caught in crossfire during a shootout can be deadly.
Crossfire is a situation that comes up when gangsters and police officers are shooting at each other, or in a war during a battle between enemies. A figurative type of crossfire is much more common: the back-and-forth of strenuous arguments, debate, or controversy. You might, for example, find yourself caught in the crossfire of your best friends' feud. The word dates from the 18th century.
WORD FAMILY
crossfire: crossfires
USAGE EXAMPLES
The operation put internet privacy in the crossfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The mother of a Black Disciple was caught in the crossfire, shot in her left foot.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
The organization says 26 of the journalists killed in 2016 died in combat or crossfire.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: n. 交叉火力; 来自多方面的攻击; 卷入两者的争执中并因此遭殃; （可能偶然影响未直接参与者的）激烈言行
分布：交叉火力(70%)，困境(14%)，串报(11%)，相互指责(5%)
US ['krɑ:s.faɪr] noun uncountable
■bullets fired towards you from different directions 交叉火力
• One boat of refugees was caught in (the) naval crossfire and sunk. 一艘难民船在海军舰艇的交叉炮火下中弹沉没。
UK ['krɒs.faɪər] US ['krɑ:s.faɪr] noun uncountable
caught in the crossfire
■to be involved in a situation where people around you are arguing 被卷入（他人的）纷争中，卷入交锋
• The Health Minister, who resigned today, claims she is an innocent victim caught in the crossfire of the current battle over inflation. 今日辞职的卫生部长称自己是当前通货膨胀引起的纷争的无辜受害者。

Word: fourth-quarter
Front: fourth-quarter
None None
Back: 第四季度；第四节
分布：第四季(100%)

Word: enraged
Front: enraged
[enˈreɪdʒd] (16588/21231)
Vocabulary: enraged
(once / 953 pages)
adj
To be enraged is to be full of anger. Enraged people are in a fury.
Rage is anger, and when you're enraged, you are extremely angry. When you're enraged, your face might turn red and you might hurl obscenities or throw a fit. This is a strong word: getting enraged is a lot more serious than getting annoyed. An enraged person is out of control. Some people are more prone to getting enraged than others.
WORD FAMILY
enraged: enragedly+/ enrage: enraged, enragement, enrages, enraging/ rage: enrage, raged, rages, raging/raging: ragingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Sunday's riot involved dozens of locals enraged by the killing of a 21-year-old Polish man, identified only as Daniel R, outside a kebab restaurant.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
It was clear from all the enraged comments on the YouTube trailer that a certain segment of the population wouldn’t be satisfied no matter what.
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Netanyahu was indeed enraged by the speech – his office was quick to dismiss it as “biased against Israel” but he was clearly not worried.
The Guardian(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: v. 使暴怒( enrage的过去式和过去分词 ); 歜; 激愤
分布：激怒的(84%)，动词enrage的过去式和过去分词.(16%)
VERB
激怒;使非常愤怒
If you are enraged by something, it makes you extremely angry.
例：He was enraged by news of plans to demolish the pub...看到计划拆除酒馆的新闻，他非常愤怒。
例：He enraged the government by renouncing the agreement.他否认那项协议，从而激怒了政府。
adj. 暴怒的；忿怒填胸的
 - rampageous

Word: songbird
Front: songbird
[ˈsɒŋbɜ:d] (16706/41923)
Back: n. 鸣禽; 鸣鸟; 女歌手; <俚>告密者
分布：鸣禽(49%)，鸣鸟(28%)，女歌手(23%)
US ['sɑ:ŋ.bɝ:d] noun countable
■any of many different types of bird that make musical sounds 鸣禽
n. 鸣禽，鸣鸟；女歌手；告密者
 - accentor, warbler

Word: drive-in
Front: drive-in
[ˈdraivˈin] (-1)
Back: adj. 免下车的; 路边服务式的
n. 免下车餐馆; 免下车电影院
分布：免下车的(75%)，顾客无需下车即可得到服务的餐馆(25%)
adjective [before noun] mainly US
■A drive-in bank, cinema, restaurant, etc. is one that you can use or visit without getting out of your car. （银行、电影院、餐馆等）免下车的
['draɪv.ɪn] noun countable
■a cinema or restaurant that you can visit without getting out of your car 免下车电影院（或餐馆）

Word: lowering
Front: lowering
['ləʊərɪŋ] (16626/13957)
Back: adj. 使低劣的，减少体力的，昏暗的
v. （使）降低， （使）跌落( lower的现在分词 ); 削弱; 削减; 减少
分布：天阴沉的(34%)，闷闷不乐的(33%)，动词lower的现在分词形式.(33%)
US ['laʊɚ.ɪŋ] literary
adjective
■describes the sky when it is very dark and it looks as if it is about to rain （天空）乌云密布的，阴沈的
• The village fête took place under lowering skies. 村庄游乐会在阴沈的天气下开始了。
adj. 使低劣的；昏暗的；减少体力的
 - dingy, caliginous

Word: boob
Front: boob
[bu:b] (16713/27554)
Vocabulary: boob
(once / 13371 pages)
1n 2nv
Boob is a word for a woman's breast — it's also a word for an idiot. So if you're staring at a lady's boobs, you probably look like a boob.
This is a very common slang word that's not really inappropriate. Nobody is going to get too mad about you using the word boob, though breast is definitely more anatomically correct. The other meaning of boob is similar to dope, dumbbell, dummy, pinhead, and numbskull. This meaning is also pretty harmless. Calling someone a boob is only a little insulting — not quite fighting words.
WORD FAMILY
boob: boobed, boobing, boobs
USAGE EXAMPLES
I and anyone with any sense thinks he's a boob.
New York Times(Feb 09, 2013)
A top police officer who exposed her breast and mocked a colleague's "boob job" during a drunken tirade, committed "gross misconduct".
BBC(Dec 01, 2016)
Low point: From the show: “We Saw Your Boobs” in 2013.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 笨蛋; 蠢材; （女人的）乳房; 愚蠢的错误
时态：boobed, boobing, boobs
分布：笨蛋(59%)，蠢材(31%)，犯错(10%)
→来自booby的逆构词。
noun countable
MISTAKE 错误 UK informal
■a silly mistake 愚蠢的错误
• Forgetting the President's name was a bit of a boob. 把总统的名字忘了是个愚蠢的错误。
[bu:b] noun countable
BREAST 胸部 very informal
■a woman's breast （女人的）乳房
• You know her - blonde hair and big boobs. 你认识她的——金发，高耸的乳房。
[bu:b] verb intransitive
■to make a silly mistake 犯愚蠢的错误
• He boobed rather badly by getting her name wrong. 他犯了个十分愚蠢的错误，居然把她的名字搞错了。
n. 蠢材，笨蛋；女人的乳房
 - simple, turkey, put

Word: editor-in-chief
Front: editor-in-chief
['edɪtə-ɪn-'tʃɪf] None
Back: 总编辑
分布：总编辑 主编(100%)
n. 总编辑；总主笔
 - chief editor, bureau chief

Word: sheaf
Front: sheaf
[ʃi:f] (宝 16707/16348)
Vocabulary: sheaf
(once / 1625 pages)
n
Those old love letters tied up with a ribbon at the back of your closet? Last week's newspapers bundled up for recycling? Each is a sheaf — a tied up bundle of something ready for storage or carrying.
Although sheaf almost always refers to bundles of paper, there's one striking exception to this, as any fan of Robin Hood knows. What Robin and his merry men carried on their backs were sheaves — bundles of arrows held in a handy little case called a quiver. After all, a sheaf of love letters or newspapers would make a pretty poor weapon against the evil Sheriff of Nottingham.
WORD FAMILY
sheaf: sheafs, sheaves
USAGE EXAMPLES
The sheaf of papers he is looking for is by his laptop.
New York Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Here he cradles sheaves of wheat pensively, there he sips a cup of tea or wags a finger in a meeting.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Entering a meeting with Mr. Trump last week, Mr. Kobach was photographed carrying a sheaf of policy recommendations.
New York Times(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 捆，束，扎
分布：捆(58%)，束(42%)
→来自古英语 sceaf,大捆，成捆，来自 Proto-Germanic*skauf,捆，丛，来自 skeup,捆，丛。 引申诸相关词义。
【记】sh使，eaf＝leaf：使一堆叶子变成一捆。
[ʃi:f] (plural sheaves)
noun countable
■a number of things, especially pieces of paper or plant stems, that are held or tied together （尤指纸张的）叠；（尤指植物茎杆的）捆，束
• A lawyer walked in carrying a whole sheaf of papers. 一个律师走进来，手里拿着一叠文件。
• The corn was cut and tied in sheaves. 玉米收割后被绑成一捆。
n. 捆；束；扎
 - tract, bundle
vt. 捆；束；扎
 - string, rope

Word: round-trip
Front: round-trip
[ˈraundˈtrip] None
Back: adj. 来回旅程的
分布：双程旅行(50%)，来回旅行(50%)

Word: infestation
Front: infestation
[ˌɪnfe'steɪʃn] (16718/22880)
Vocabulary: infestation
(once / 21335 pages)
n
An infestation is an invasion of insects on a place like a house or an attack by insects on a plant.
If you're scared of bugs, you're not going to like learning about an infestation, which is a huge amount of insects going where they're not supposed to be. If a house is full of cockroaches or other bugs, that's an infestation. One or two bugs doesn't count: an infestation means lots of bugs are invading, and it's a huge problem. Also, when plants are attacked by lots of swarming insects, that's called an infestation or plague.
WORD FAMILY
infestation: disinfestation, infestations+/ infest: disinfest, infestation, infested, infesting, infests
USAGE EXAMPLES
New York, Massachusetts and Ohio are already fighting longhorned beetle infestations.
Washington Times(Jan 03, 2017)
A MedFly infestation several years ago caused billions of dollars in damage to crops in California.
Washington Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Experts say that to keep those trees alive through the looming infestation would require $150 chemical treatments every two years.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Back: n. （害虫、盗贼等）群袭，出没，横行
分布：名词(100%)
VERB
(昆虫、老鼠等)大批出没于,侵扰
When creatures such as insects or rats infest plants or a place, they are present in large numbers and cause damage.
例：...pests like aphids which infest cereal crops.像蚜虫这样大肆侵害谷物的害虫
VERB
遍布于;充斥
If you say that people or things you disapprove of or regard as dangerous are infesting a place, you mean that there are large numbers of them in that place.
例：Crime and drugs are infesting the inner cities.市中心充斥着犯罪与毒品。
n. 感染；侵扰
 - affection

Word: contraceptive
Front: contraceptive
[ˌkɒntrəˈseptɪv] (12985/15576 -1)
Back: n. 避孕用具; [药]避孕剂
adj. 避孕的，避孕用的
分布：避孕药(83%)，避孕的(12%)，避孕用具(5%)
US [ˌkɑ:n-] noun countable
■any of various devices or drugs intended to prevent pregnancy 避孕用具；避孕药
• The clinic provides a free supply of contraceptives on request. 该诊所可以免费提供避孕药具。
n. 避孕用具； [药] 避孕剂
 - prophylactic
adj. [药] 避孕的
 - antifertility

Word: sportswriter
Front: sportswriter
['spɔ:tsˌraɪtə] (16714/48496)
Back: n. （报纸的）体育新闻记者

Word: ointment
Front: ointment
[ˈɔɪntmənt] (宝 16710/20036 -1)
Vocabulary: ointment
(once / 2205 pages)
n
Ointment is an oily kind of cream that you use to soothe or heal your skin. You might want to apply a bit of ointment to that festering flesh wound on your forehead. Just saying.
Ointment is viscous — in other words, it's somewhere between a solid and a liquid, with a slippery, oily texture. Some medications come in ointment form, while other ointments might be lip balm, a moisturizer for dry skin, or even a cosmetic. The Old French oignement came from the Latin unguentum, from the stem unguere, "to anoint or salve."
WORD FAMILY
ointment: ointments
USAGE EXAMPLES
After her arrival, they began flushing the wound with a saline solution and treating it with antibiotic ointments, but the lesion wouldn’t heal.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 20, 2016)
It’s a very simple song with simple chords, although a minor key puts a fly in the ointment.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
“This is so I don’t get ashy,” she said, as her legs and arms were slathered with ointment.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 软膏，药膏，油膏
分布：软膏(49%)，药膏(39%)，油膏(12%)
→来自古法语oignement,油膏，来自拉丁语unguentum,油膏，来自ongw,涂抹，抹油，词源同unguent,unctuous.-ment,名词后缀。
油膏,软膏(oint=oil油)[-ment 1.表名词"行为或结果"2.表示具体物]
noun uncountable
■a thick oily substance, usually containing medicine, which is put on the skin where it is sore or where there is an injury, in order to cure it 药膏，软膏，油膏
• eye ointment 眼药膏
n. 药膏； [药] 油膏
 - unguent, factice

Word: Amish

Word: unbridled
Front: unbridled
[ʌnˈbraɪdld] (托宝 16628/19749)
Vocabulary: unbridled
(once / 4112 pages)
adj
Unbridled means unrestrained. When you find out that you just won the lottery, feel free to jump up and down with unbridled joy. Go ahead, most people would probably let loose in the same way.
A bridle is the contraption used to control a horse, including the reins held by the rider and the bit that goes into the horse’s mouth. Add the un prefix and it means there is no control. Unbridled is often used to describe people’s emotions or actions and it can be either a good or a bad thing. If you have unbridled spending, you’re in danger of going in debt. If you tackle homework with unbridled enthusiasm, you’re likely going to get good grades.
WORD FAMILY
unbridle: unbridled, unbridles, unbridling+/ bridle: bridled, bridles, bridling, unbridle
USAGE EXAMPLES
Federal and other health officials said unbridled use of antibiotics in animal feed is a serious threat to human health.
Washington Times(Dec 25, 2016)
Instead Russia entered on Assad’s side, and they decided on their own that unbridled violence would settle the case.
Washington Times(Dec 23, 2016)
How will Allen conduct himself when he returns — and absorbs the unbridled scorn of every opposing crowd?
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: adj. （马等）无辔头的; 不受约束的; 不受控制的; 放纵的
分布：无拘束的(38%)，激烈的(37%)，放纵的(25%)
【记】un不，bridle＝bride（n 新娘），d：没有新娘的－可以放纵的un不，bridle（n 笼子；束缚；v 抑制），d：无法控制的
adjective [usually before noun]
■not controlled or limited 不受控制的；无限的
• unbridled ambition/enthusiasm/lust 无限的野心／热情／激情
adj. 放肆的；无拘束的；激烈的
 - acute, licentious

Word: archer
Front: archer
[ˈɑ:tʃə(r)] (宝 14695/10346)
Vocabulary: archer
(once / 1650 pages)
n
If you enjoy shooting arrows at a target with a bow, you can call yourself an archer. Some archers compete in the Olympics.
In ancient times, archers primarily used their bows and arrows to hunt for food or battle against enemies. There were also famous archers in mythology, including Artemis and Apollo in ancient Greece and Diana and Cupid in ancient Rome. Archer was an Anglo-French word first, from the Old French archier, "archer" or "bowmaker," from the Latin arcus, or "bow."
WORD FAMILY
archer: archers, archery +/ arch: arched, archer, arches, archest, arching, archly, archness, overarch/ archery: archeries/ archness: archnesses/overarch: overarched, overarches, overarching
USAGE EXAMPLES
Within hours Jones was hearing from archers from coast to coast, and eventually as far away as Japan who wanted to participate.
Washington Times(Nov 21, 2016)
Trump and his entourage will pass a painting showing Russian archers slaughtering their enemies in medieval battle.
The Guardian(Nov 20, 2016)
Follow the road to the left, past a training ground for archers.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 11, 2016)
Back: n. 弓箭手，射箭运动员
分布：弓箭手(72%)，射箭运动员(19%)，射手座(9%)
→来自arch, 拱，弓。
弓箭手(arch+er人)[arc(h)=bow,表示"弓"]
【记】arch拱，er表示人－用拱形物的人－射手。
【参】arch（n 拱门，弓形结构，拱形）
US ['ɑ:r.tʃɚ] noun countable
■a person who shoots arrows from a bow for sport or, in the past, as a weapon 射箭运动员；弓箭手
n. 弓箭手
 - bowman, sagittary

Word: immobilize
Front: immobilize
[ɪˈməʊbəlaɪz] (托 16616/33257)
Vocabulary: immobilize
(once / 19472 pages)
1v 2v
To immobilize something is to make it impossible for it to move. You can immobilize a battery-operated toy by taking the battery out.
You could immobilize your brother's car by letting the air out of his tires, or immobilize your little sister by making her so scared of an imaginary monster in the bathroom that she can't move a muscle. In both examples, someone or something is prevented from moving. To immobilize is to make immobile, or motionless, from the Latin root immobilis, which means both "immovable," and also "hard-hearted."
WORD FAMILY
immobilize: immobilization, immobilized, immobilizes, immobilizing+/demobilise: demobilised, demobilising/demobilization: demobilizations/demobilize: demobilization, demobilized, demobilizes, demobilizing/ immobile: immobilely, immobilise, immobility, immobilize /immobilise: immobilisation, immobilised, immobilising/ immobility: immobilities/ mobile: immobile, mobiles, mobilise, mobility, mobilize /mobilisation: demobilisation, mobilisations/mobilise: demobilise, mobilisation, mobilised, mobilises, mobilising/mobilization: mobilizations/ mobilize: demobilize, mobilization, mobilized, mobilizes, mobilizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
Handlers sometimes will try to immobilize one of the mare’s hind legs during the process because you can’t kick as hard on only three legs.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 31, 2016)
This is because people become aggressive or immobilized when they feel threatened.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 20, 2016)
Several million years later, venomous snakes appeared and began immobilizing their targets via their sharp fangs.
Washington Post(Nov 10, 2016)
Back: vt. 使不动，使固定
时态：immobilized, immobilizing, immobilizes
分布：使固定(72%)，〈经济学〉使硬币抽回(14%)，使流动资本转为固定资本(14%)
【记】mobilize（v 动员）
【参】immobility（n 牢固；固定）
US [-'moʊ-] verb transitive
■to stop something or someone from moving 锁止
• You can immobilize the car by removing the spark plugs. 你拔去火花塞就能使汽车不能开动。
• The broken limb must be immobilized as soon as possible. 已摔断的四肢应该尽快固定住。
vt. 使固定；使不动；使停止流通
 - fix, nail

Word: southward
Front: southward
['saʊθwəd] (16602/23409)
Back: adv. & adj. 向南方（的）
分布：在南方的(35%)，南方(33%)，往南方的(16%)，往南(16%)
US [-wɚd] adjective
■towards the south 向南的
• We walked in a southward direction. 我们向南走。

Word: spotty
Front: spotty
[ˈspɒti] (16621/19510)
Back: adj. 多粉刺的（尤指脸上）; 带斑点的，有污迹的
adv. 多斑点地
n. 有污迹，带斑点
分布：多斑点的(44%)，发疹的(28%)，遍处污点的(14%)，质量参差不齐的(14%)
→spot,丘疹，粉刺，-y,形容词后缀。
US ['spɑ:.i] adjective
SKIN 皮肤 UK describes a person with spots on their skin （人的皮肤）多疮的，多粉刺的
• I knew him when he was just a spotty youth. 在他还是个满脸青春痘的少年时，我就认识他了。
UK ['spɒt.i] US ['spɑ:.i] adjective
NOT ALWAYS GOOD 时好时坏 US (UK and Australian English patchy)
■bad in some parts （质量）参差不齐的，有好有坏的
• She has a fairly spotty work record. 她的工作业绩时好时坏。
• Sales have picked up a little but they're still spotty. 销售有所好转，但仍然起伏不定。

Word: grazing
Front: grazing
[ˈgreɪzɪŋ] (12892/12478)
Back: n. 放牧，牧场，草场
v. （让动物）吃草( graze的现在分词 ); 轻擦，擦破; 擦过; 掠过
分布：放牧(82%)，牧场(17%)，动词graze的现在分词.(1%)
N-UNCOUNT
草场；牧场
Grazing or grazing land is land on which animals graze.
例：He had nearly a thousand acres of grazing and arable land.他有将近1,000公顷的草场和耕地。
n. [畜牧] 放牧；牧草
 - pasturage

Word: meddle
Front: meddle
[ˈmedl] (托雅宝 16645/19051 -1)
Vocabulary: meddle
(once / 710 pages)
v
To meddle is to interfere. You can meddle in someone else's affairs, and you can meddle with someone else's things. Either way, you’re messing with someone else’s stuff and she probably doesn’t like it.
Meddle started out in the late 1400’s meaning “to mingle,” then it became a pain when it began to be used to mean “interfere,” which is how we use it now. For a little while there it also meant to be, um, romantic with someone, but it’s not used that way today. Meddle is what little sisters do, always getting in the middle of your business.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
medal / meddle / mettle
Here we have a trio of words that sound the same (at least in American English) but mean very different things: medal, meddle, and mettle.
A medal is a disc made of metal with an inscription or image. It is generally used as an award or a commemoration of an event:
‎Maplewood Officers Receive Medal Of Valor
Special Olympics duo wins gold medal in golf‎
To meddle is to interfere with someone or something:
Belarus will not let any other country meddle in its December presidential election.
Politicians meddle with existing taxation arrangements at their peril.
Finally, mettle is a quality or qualities that help a person in a difficult situation. Those qualities might include courage, ardor, and stamina:
Madison native tests his mettle in "Hell's Kitchen"
Test of mettle: How the Steelers can win without Roethlisberger
‎If you don't speak American English, you might be wondering why mettle makes this list. In American English, when a t appears in an unstressed syllable between two vowels—or between a vowel and an l, as is the case here—that t is said with a flap of the tongue similar to how we say d. Linguists call it a "medial flap." The same thing happens in betting, metal, noted, writing and many other words.
WORD FAMILY
meddle: meddled, meddler, meddles, meddlesome, meddling+/meddler: meddlers/ meddlesome: meddlesomely, meddlesomeness/meddling: meddlings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Her reason: Obama hadn’t silenced talk, based on findings of the CIA and FBI, that Russia meddled in the election to aid Trump.
Washington Post(Jan 02, 2017)
As she unpacked gloves, socks, hats, mugs and ski goggles, Meddles said the inventory is “based on what everyone forgets or loses while they’re here.”
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
They also understood that the global information space, accessible to all, offered a cheap way for an impoverished ex-superpower to meddle in other countries’ politics.
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: v. 干涉，插手; 弄，摸弄，用手玩弄; 参与，发生关系
时态：meddled, meddling, meddles
分布：干涉(100%)
→来自古法语medler,混合，干预，来自拉丁语miscere,混合，搅拌，词源同mix,miscellany.后引申词义干预，管闲事。
【记】源于：mix（v /n 混合）把别人的事情弄得混乱－干涉源于：middle（n / adj 中间的）到了别人的中间－干涉
【参】medley（n 混杂的人群；adj 混合的）
disapproving
verb intransitive
■to try to change or have an influence on things which are not your responsibility, especially by criticizing in a damaging or annoying way 干涉，干预；管闲事
• My sister's always meddling in other people's affairs. 我姐姐总是爱管别人的闲事。
• People shouldn't meddle with things they don't understand. 自己不懂的事情，就不该管闲事。
meddle, intervene, interfere
这组词都有“干涉，干预”的意思，其区别是：
meddle: 指干预与自己毫不相关的事或不属于自己职责范围的事，隐含未经许可或授权。可与interfere换用。
intervene: 书面用词，指介入争端，进行调停，也指干涉他人之事。
interfere: 侧重指无权或未获允许而妨碍、阻扰、干涉他人之事。
vi. 管闲事，干预他人之事
 - poke and pry, intermeddle

Word: hardball
Front: hardball
[ˈhɑ:dbɔ:l] (16712/-)
Back: n. 硬式棒球
分布：硬式棒球(65%)，强硬态度(35%)
US ['hɑ:rd.bɑ:l] noun uncountable US for baseball Compare softball

Word: surmount
Front: surmount
[səˈmaʊnt] (托雅宝 16610/11982 -1)
Vocabulary: surmount
(once / 653 pages)
v
If you surmount a challenge or difficult situation, you're not just getting over it. You're outdoing yourself, exceeding expectations, and overcoming the task at hand.
This word comes to us from the Old French verb for mount, or climb. Maria sang "climb every mountain..." in The Sound of Music. But she could have just as well meant "surmount every obstacle" — because to surmount means to both reach the highest point of something, like a mountain, and to totally overcome a mountain-size problem.
WORD FAMILY
surmount: surmountable, surmounted, surmounter, surmounting, surmounts+/ insurmountable: insurmountably/surmountable: insurmountable, unsurmountable/surmounted: surmountedest
USAGE EXAMPLES
But Fillon’s quick and quiet ascent presents an obstacle that will be even more difficult to surmount.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
But these new hurdles may be more difficult to surmount.
Wall Street Journal(Nov 16, 2016)
And Ms. Weiner and the director, Kip Fagan, cannot really surmount the naturally untheatrical nature of watching two people typing away at their computers.
New York Times(Nov 02, 2016)
Back: vt. 战胜，克服; 登上，攀登; 居于…之上; 顶上覆盖着
时态：surmounted, surmounting, surmounts
分布：克服(78%)，越过(19%)，登上 ... 最高点(3%)
→sur-,在上，超过，-mount,山，山峰，词源同 mountain.引申诸相关词义。
登上,超越(sur+mount山→在山上→登上)[sur-表示"超过,在上面"]
克服(困难等)(sur超过+mount→登上[山顶],超越困难)[mount=ascend,表示"登上"]
US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
DEAL WITH 处理
■to deal successfully with a difficulty or problem 克服（困难）；解决（问题）
• They managed to surmount all opposition/objections to their plans. 他们设法摆平了对他们计划的所有反对意见。
• There are still a few technical problems/obstacles/hurdles to be surmounted before the product can be put on sale to the public. 在这个产品对大众销售之前，还有一些技术问题要解决。
UK [sə'maʊnt] US [sɚ-] formal
verb transitive
BE ON TOP 在顶部
■to be on top of something tall 耸立于…之上，在…顶端
• The central 12-foot column is surmounted by a bronze angel with outspread wings. 中央12英尺高的柱子顶上立着一座展翅欲飞的天使铜像。
vt. 克服，越过；战胜
 - overcome, defeat, negotiate

Word: hound
Front: hound
[haʊnd] (研六雅 9177/8069 -2)
Vocabulary: hound
(once / 373 pages)
1nv 2n
A hound is a type of dog with big floppy ears, mainly used for hunting. To hound someone is to relentlessly pursue or pester them. When Elvis sings, “You ain’t nothing but a hound dog,” he’s referring to both.
Hounds are dogs that have traditionally been used for hunting because they are excellent at tracking. Most hounds (like beagles and dachshunds) have drooping, floppy ears. Hounds can also be big and scary like the one Sherlock Holmes investigates in The Hound of the Baskervilles. If people hound, they hunt, too, but just in an annoying way. A man can hound a woman by asking for a date 10 times. A hounding person is persistent and probably annoying.
WORD FAMILY
hound: hounded, hounding, hounds
USAGE EXAMPLES
They were also in response to what Washington says is the unpleasant hounding of US diplomats in Moscow over a period of years.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
Saleh, who calls himself a “professional idiot”, is a publicity hound, and that’s fine for him.
The Guardian(Dec 22, 2016)
Remember the scene in “A Christmas Story,” with the Bumpus hounds?
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: n. 猎狗，猎犬; 卑劣的人; [动]角鲨，星鲨，弓鳍鱼; 有…迷[瘾]的人
vt. 追猎; 不断侵扰，烦扰; 激励; 嗾使，煽动
时态：hounded, hounding, hounds
分布：猎狗(56%)，烦扰(16%)，紧追(7%)，迷(7%)，催促(5%)，追踪者(5%)，可鄙之人(2%)，带猎犬狩猎(2%)
→来自古英语hund,狗，来自kwon,狗，词源同canine,cynic,kennel.引申词义猎犬，猎狗。
n.猎狗;卑鄙的人vt.用猎狗追,追逐Abundance doesn't mean redundance. The hound found a profound book on the roundabout.充裕并不意味多余.猎犬在旋转木马上找到一本深奥的书.
noun countable
■a dog used for hunting, especially a foxhound 猎狗；（尤指）猎狐犬
[haʊnd] verb transitive
■to chase someone or refuse to leave them alone, especially because you want to get something from them; harass 追赶；（不停地）烦扰
• The reporters wouldn't stop hounding her. 记者不停地烦扰她。
[haʊnd] verb transitive
  Phrasal Verbs  hound sb out
■to force someone to leave a job or a place 逼迫（某人）离开
• He claims he was hounded out of his job by a group of students who disapproved of his views. 他声称自己是被一群与他观点不合的学生逼迫离职的。
vt. 追猎；烦扰；激励
 - stimulate, eat, burden, power
n. 猎犬；卑劣的人
 - hunter, gundog

Word: free-standing
Front: free-standing
[fri: ˈstændɪŋ] None
Back: adj. 自立的，不需依靠支撑物的
分布：不需依靠支撑物的(60%)，自立的(40%)
adjective
■standing alone and not fixed to a wall, etc 独立式的，非附属的
• a free-standing bookshelf 独立式书架
• figurative The electronics division was split off into a freestanding company. 电子部门分离出来组建了一个独立公司。
adj. 独立的；不需依靠支撑物的
 - independent, specialty

Word: box-office
Front: box-office
['bɒks'ɒfɪs] None
Back: adj. 票房的; 叫座的; 受欢迎的
分布：票房的(100%)
adj. 票房的；受欢迎的
 - popular, welcome

Word: truckload
Front: truckload
[ˈtrʌkləʊd] (16632/36982)
Back: n. 一货车的容量
分布：一货车的容量(100%)
US [-loʊd] noun countable
■the amount of something that can be carried by a truck 一货车货物；一货车运量
• Truckloads of rice have been brought in to the areas affected by drought. 一车车的大米运到了受干旱影响的地区。
• Donations of food and medicines have been arriving by the truckload all week. 整整一周以来，捐赠的食品和药物源源不断地由货车运达。

Word: commensurate
Front: commensurate
[kəˈmenʃərət] (宝 16742/18874)
Vocabulary: commensurate
(once / 4000 pages)
adj
The word commensurate has to do with things that are similar in size and therefore appropriate. Many people think the death penalty is a commensurate punishment for murder. In other words, the penalty fits the crime.
When things are commensurate, they're fair, appropriate, and the right size. If you got a ticket for jaywalking, you shouldn't get ten years in prison — that penalty is not commensurate with the crime. The word commensurate is usually followed by with or to; one thing is commensurate with or to another.
WORD FAMILY
commensurate: commensurable, commensurately, commensurateness, incommensurate +/commensurable: commensurably, incommensurable/incommensurable: incommensurably
USAGE EXAMPLES
This extreme threat would seem to require a commensurately radical response — some way to change the outcome.
Washington Post(Dec 19, 2016)
Yet Chinese consumers also hold foreign companies to higher standards, and are commensurately sensitive to perceived slights.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 05, 2016)
“The scale of the investment required is commensurate with the scale of the challenge,” the study said.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. （在时间和空间上）相等的; 相称的，相当的
分布：相称的(87%)，适当的(8%)，成比例的(5%)
→com-, 强调。-mens,测量，词源同mode, measure.
相等的,相称的(com共同+mensur+ate→测量尺寸相同→相等的)[meter,metr,meas,mens=measure,表示"计量,测量等"]
【记】com共同，mensur＝measure（v 测量）－测量相同－相称的
【反】preponderant（adj 占有优势的）tantamount（adj 等价的）－incommensurate（adj 不相称的）；parity（n 平等）－uncommensurateness（n 不平衡）
US [-sjɚ-] formal
adjective
■in a correct and suitable amount compared to something else 相当的，相称的
• a salary that is commensurate with skills and experience 与技能和经验相称的薪水
adj. 相称的；同量的；同样大小的
 - matching, worthy, fitting

Word: autoimmune
Front: autoimmune
[ˌɔ:təʊɪˈmju:n] (16711/30146)
Vocabulary: autoimmune
(once / 38500 pages)
adj
When a condition or illness is described as autoimmune, it means it affects the body's immune system. Lupus is one example of an autoimmune disease.
Your immune system sends out antibodies to attack bacteria and viruses that shouldn't be in your body. When this system mistakenly attacks substances that are meant to be in your body, it can cause all kinds of problems — this is an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune is a medical term that's been around since the 1950s, from auto-, "self," and immune, "exempt from a disease."
WORD FAMILY
autoimmune: autoimmunity
USAGE EXAMPLES
Dr. Gudjonsson’s lab focuses on autoimmune diseases of the skin, including psoriasis and lupus.
Time(Dec 29, 2016)
Nakajima defends his group’s methodo- logy, stating that they adopted a strategy similar to that commonly used in studying autoimmune encephalitis in mice.
Science Magazine(Dec 21, 2016)
He began playing sled hockey two years ago following an autoimmune reaction that left him paralyzed from the waist down.
Seattle Times(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 自身免疫的，自体免疫的
分布：自身免疫的(100%)
ADJ
自身免疫的
Auto-immune describes medical conditions in which normal cells are attacked by the body's immune system.
例：...auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.风湿性关节炎等自身免疫疾病
例：...an auto-immune reaction in which the body becomes sensitive to aspects of itself.机体对自身各个方面变得敏感的自身免疫反应

Word: revered
Front: revered
[rɪ'vɪəd] (托 16641/21855)
Vocabulary: revered
(once / 1700 pages)
adj
If someone is revered, it means he or she is held in deep respect and devotion. Religious leaders, saints, and martyrs are often considered as revered. Celebrities? Not so much. There's a touch of the other worldly about revered.
The origins of revered reveal something about its slightly scary, awesome nature. It comes from the Latin word revereri, meaning "to fear," and the addition of the "re" at the beginning is an expression of intensive force, so the word literally means "to greatly fear." People whom are revered are not necessarily those we feel most comfortable around; we are too busy holding them in awe.
WORD FAMILY
revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering+/ irreverence: irreverences/ irreverent: irreverence, irreverently/ reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential / reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is a revered coach on a reservation where hoops are a cousin to religion.
New York Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Both offer snapshots in time for two revered musicians, and both toy with facts to upend biopic conventions.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
Yet, here is this vaunted genius opining in the august pages of the nation’s most revered newspaper.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: v. 崇敬，尊崇，敬畏（ revere的过去式和过去分词 ）
adj. 可敬的，尊敬的
分布：形容词(95%)，名词(5%)
VERB
尊敬;崇敬;敬重
If you revere someone or something, you respect and admire them greatly.
例：The Chinese revered corn as a gift from heaven...中国人将谷物奉为上天的恩赐。
例：Today he's still revered as the father of the nation.现在，他仍被尊为国父。

Word: vegetative
Front: vegetative
[ˈvedʒɪtətɪv] (16668/25588)
Vocabulary: vegetative
(once / 9441 pages)
adj
Use the adjective vegetative to describe a physically or mentally inactive person. If you lie around on the couch all day flipping TV channels, your sister may accuse you of being in a vegetative state.
Watching television can be a vegetative activity, because certain shows require little thinking on the part of the viewer. Someone describing a vegetative state is either talking about a lazy friend, or — more seriously — a patient whose brain is damaged, leaving him unable to move, speak, or think. The original meanings of the word had more to do with growth than inactivity, but by the late 1800's doctors began using vegetative to describe patients who resembled vegetables rather than moving, thinking humans.
WORD FAMILY
vegetative: vegetatively+/ vegetate: vegetated, vegetates, vegetating, vegetation, vegetative / vegetation: vegetational, vegetations
USAGE EXAMPLES
In a Dec. 28 Medical Examiner, Jeremy Samuel Faust described brain death and vegetative states as the same.
Slate(Dec 30, 2016)
He mentioned a man from the neighborhood who was left in a vegetative state when an S.U.V. plowed into his car a few weeks earlier.
New York Times(Aug 20, 2016)
It usually leads to a person being in one of three states - coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 有关植物生长的; 植物的; 有生长力的; 生活呆板单调
分布：植物生长的(100%)
US [-ə.teɪ.tˌɪv] specialized
adjective
■alive but showing no brain activity 植物人的
adj. 植物的；植物人状态的，无所作为的；促使植物生长的； [生物] 有生长力的
 - botanic, floristic

Word: outgrowth
Front: outgrowth
[ˈaʊtgrəʊθ] (托宝 16635/25744)
Back: n. 自然结果，副产物，生长物
分布：自然的发展(38%)，副产品(25%)，后果(25%)，长出物(12%)
→来自outgrow,长出，向外长。引申词义长出物，分支。
US [-groʊθ] noun countable specialized
■a growth on the outside of an animal or plant 长出物；旁枝
• Antlers are the bony outgrowths on the heads of deer. 鹿角是鹿的头部长出的骨状物。
■a result or development 结果；发展
• This policy is just an outgrowth of earlier decisions. 这项政策不过是先前决议的产物。
n. 结果；副产物；自然的发展；分枝
 - outcome, product, result, event, consequence

Word: PDA
Front: PDA
[.piː diː 'eɪ] (16692/-)
Back: abbr. 个人数字助理（等于Personal Digital Assistant）；秀恩爱（Public Display of Affection）
noun countable abbreviation for
■ personal digital assistant (= a small computer that you can carry with you) 个人数位助理，掌上型电脑

Word: break-in
Front: break-in
[ˈbreikin] (-2)
Back: n. 闯入; 非法强行进入; [军]突破
分布：非法闯入(67%)，试验性操作(33%)
noun countable
■an occasion when a building is entered illegally by a criminal or criminals, usually by damaging a window or door, especially in order to steal something 闯入，破门而入；（尤指）入室盗窃
n. 闯入；非法进入
 - intrusion, irruption

Word: artistically
Front: artistically
[ɑ:'tɪstɪklɪ] (16638/20330)
Back: adv. 有艺术地，在艺术上
分布：在艺术上(60%)，有艺术地(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
有艺术天赋的;有艺术鉴赏力的
Someone who is artistic is good at drawing or painting, or arranging things in a beautiful way.
例：They encourage boys to be sensitive and artistic...他们鼓励培养男孩子的敏感和艺术气质。
例：Mary's got it all so nice — you remember how artistic she always was with colors.玛丽把一切弄得都很漂亮——你还记得她以前总是对色彩很有艺术品位吧。
ADJ
艺术的;艺术家的
Artistic means relating to art or artists.
例：...the campaign for artistic freedom.艺术自由运动
例：...their 1,300 year old artistic traditions.他们1,300年的艺术传统
ADJ-GRADED
精美的；富有艺术性的
An artistic design or arrangement is beautiful.
例：...an artistic arrangement of stone paving.石子路的精美图案

Word: nuanced
Front: nuanced
['nju:ɑ:nst] (16752/48552)
Back: adj. 有细微差别的
分布：微妙的(75%)，有细微差别的(17%)，动词nuance的过去式和过去分词形式.(8%)
adj. 微妙的；具有细微差别的
 - delicate, subtle, refined

Word: resale
Front: resale
[ˈri:seɪl] (16743/15872)
Back: n. 再卖
分布：转售(93%)，再贩卖(7%)
N-UNCOUNT
转售；再卖
The resale price of something that you own is the amount of money that you would get if you sold it.
例：...a well-maintained used car with a good resale value.一辆保养得很好、还能卖个好价钱的二手车
n. [贸易] 转售；零售；再贩卖
 - retail, sell-through

Word: summons
Front: summons
[ˈsʌmənz] (16634/6549 -1)
Vocabulary: summons
(once / 529 pages)
nv
A summons is a request or order for someone to show up, especially for legal matters. You could get a summons to testify at a trial, for example.
When you summon someone, you're requesting the person to join you, essentially saying, "Come here!" Similarly, a summons asks for someone to appear. This could be a friendly request or invitation, like a summons to join some friends for a road trip, but the most common type of summons is official and legally binding. If you receive a summons to appear in court, you have to show up. Ignoring that kind of summons is a crime.
WORD FAMILY
summons: summonsed, summonses, summonsing+/ summon: summoned, summoning, summons /summoning: summonings
USAGE EXAMPLES
He is currently living in the UK, and hasn't returned to India despite repeated summons by the authorities.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
The summonses state that the tribe failed to obtain the necessary zoning permits and moved soil without permission.
Washington Times(Dec 27, 2016)
It is all informal: quick chats are considered more effective than summons to her office; convenient apps preferred to long questionnaires.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 召唤; [法]传唤，传票
v. 传唤( summon 的第三人称单数); 召唤; 传讯（出庭）
时态：summoned, summoning, summons
分布：召唤(39%)，传票(35%)，传唤(26%)
传票,传唤(summon+s)[mon,monit=warn,表示"警告"]
noun countable
■an order to come and see someone 命令；召唤
• I sat outside the boss's office awaiting my summons. 我坐在老板的办公室外面等候传见。
■legal
■an official demand to appear in a court of law （法庭的）传唤，传讯
• Mr Clarke's insurance company had issued a summons for unpaid mortgage repayments. 克拉克先生的保险公司已就未偿还的分期贷款提起诉讼。
n. 召唤； [法] 传票；传唤；召集
 - calling, citation
vt. 唤出；传到；传唤到法院
 - spread to, pass to

Word: ugliness
Front: ugliness
['ʌɡlɪnəs] (16643/18785)
Back: n. 难看，丑陋; 丑陋的东西
分布：丑陋(100%)
【记】源于：ugly（adj 丑陋的）
【反】pulchritude（n 美丽）
ADJ-GRADED
丑陋的；难看的
If you say that someone or something is ugly, you mean that they are very unattractive and unpleasant to look at.
例：...an ugly little hat...难看的小帽子
例：She makes me feel dowdy and ugly.她让我自惭形秽。
ADJ-GRADED
（通常因涉及暴力、挑衅行为而）令人厌恶的，邪恶的，恶性的
If you refer to an event or situation as ugly, you mean that it is very unpleasant, usually because it involves violent or aggressive behaviour.
例：There have been some ugly scenes...出现了一些恶性事件。
例：The confrontation turned ugly.对抗局面进一步激化。
n. 丑陋，丑陋之物
 - ungainliness

Word: repellent
Front: repellent
[rɪˈpelənt] (宝 16746/21710 -1)
Vocabulary: repellent
(once / 4286 pages)
1adjn 2adj
How can you tell that something is repellent? You dislike it so much, you want nothing to do with it. If something is repellent, it is highly offensive or disgusting.
To correctly pronounce repellent, accent the second syllable: "ruh-PELL-unt." Being repellent is sometimes a good thing, like when you're camping — your water-repellent tent gets you through a rainstorm and bug repellent keeps you free of itchy bites. The word originates from the Old French word repeller, meaning "to drive away, remove."
WORD FAMILY
repellent: repellently, repellents+/ repel: repellant, repelled, repellent, repelling, repels, repulsive /repellant: repellantly, repellants/repelling: repellingly/ repulsive: repulsively, repulsiveness/repulsiveness: repulsivenesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
That is not what Trump seems to think breasts are for and he finds it repellent.
Salon(Dec 23, 2016)
Beam believes Wilson’s most egregious transgression was assuming he understood the forces that shaped Nabokov, a presumption Nabokov found repellent.
Washington Post(Nov 29, 2016)
Your skin gets so sore and you can’t even use much insect repellent in case the jaguars smell you.
The Guardian(Dec 11, 2016)
Back: n. 反拨力，排拒力; 防水布，防水剂; 驱虫剂; 消肿药
adj. 拒人于排斥的，千里之外的; 令人厌恶的; 防水的; 相斥的
分布：驱虫剂(29%)，排斥的(25%)，防水的(18%)，防水剂(15%)，令人厌恶的(9%)，驱除的(4%)
→来自 repel,击退，驱逐。比喻用法。
【反】entrancing（adj 使人神魂颠倒的）；winsome（adj 迷人的）
noun countable or uncountable
■a substance used to repel something 驱虫剂
• insect/mosquito repellent 驱虫／蚊剂
[rɪ'pel.ənt] adjective
■making you feel strong disapproval and that you do not want to be involved with someone or something 令人厌恶的
• repellent behaviour/beliefs 令人厌恶的行为／信条
• I find any cruelty to children utterly repellent. 我觉得任何针对孩子的残暴行为都是极其可憎的。
adj. [化学] 排斥的； [助剂] 防水的；弹回的；令人讨厌的
 - terrible, repulsive
n. [助剂] 防护剂；防水布；排斥力
 - protective agent, tarp

Word: anaerobic
Front: anaerobic
[ˌæneəˈrəʊbɪk] (宝 16553/25372)
Vocabulary: anaerobic
(once / 65301 pages)
adj
Anaerobic means "without oxygen." Anaerobic bacteria, unlike humans, don't need oxygen to survive.
Aerobic means "needing or using oxygen." Think about aerobic activity, also called "cardio," like running, biking, or yes, taking an aerobics class at your local gym. That heart-pumping exercise makes your lungs take in more oxygen to keep you moving. Anaerobic is the opposite of aerobic. It means "without oxygen." Weight lifting is called an anaerobic exercise, because it doesn't require additional oxygen.
WORD FAMILY
anaerobic: anaerobically
USAGE EXAMPLES
The toxin is produced by the bacteria when the algae breaks down and creates anaerobic conditions.
Washington Times(Nov 06, 2016)
And Marks and Spencer says that, if it cannot give the food away, it sends it for anaerobic digestion - turning waste into energy.
BBC(Nov 03, 2016)
They use livestock waste to create electricity using anaerobic digesters, which convert manure to methane.
New York Times(Sep 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 厌氧菌的，厌氧菌产生的; （细菌等）能在无空气（或无氧）情况下生活（或成长）的; 无氧
分布：厌氧的(100%)
→前缀an-, 没有，无。aerobic，喜氧的。
【记】an非，不，aero空气－不需空气的－厌氧的
【参】anaerobe（n 厌氧微生物－可在无氧环境下生存的一种有机体）
【反】living in oxygen（活在氧气中的）；respiration（n 呼吸）；require oxygen（需要氧气的）
US [-'roʊ-] adjective
■not needing or without oxygen 厌氧的；无氧的
• Some bacteria can only live in anaerobic conditions. 有些细菌只能在无氧条件下生存。
adj. [微] 厌氧的， [生物] 厌气的；没有气而能生活的
 - anerobic

Word: standby
Front: standby
[ˈstændbaɪ] (16644/16460 -1)
Back: n. 备用品; 可信赖的人
adj. 备用的
adv. 备用地; 待命地
分布：备用(93%)，备用的(5%)，应急的(1%)，待命者(1%)
(plural standbys)
noun countable
READY 备用
■something which is always ready for use, especially if a regular one fails （尤指为应付出现故障时的）备用设备，备用品，替代物
• Board games are a good standby to keep the children amused if the weather is bad. 天气不好时，棋类游戏是个不错的哄孩子们开心的备用选择。
• There are standby generators but these usually only have to work for a few hours a year during power cuts. 有备用发电机，不过通常一年只在断电时使用几个小时。
on standby
■When a person or a thing is on standby, they are ready to be used if necessary 待命；备用；随时准备
• Hospitals are on standby ready to deal with casualties from the crash. 医院随时准备接受撞车事故的伤患。
['stænd.baɪ] (plural standbys)
noun countable
TICKET 票 (also standby ticket)
■a cheap ticket sold just before a flight or a performance if there is a seat available （航班起飞前或演出开始前廉价出售的）余票
n. 备用品；可信赖的人
 - trusty
adj. 备用的
 - emergency, ready-for-use

Word: irreverent
Front: irreverent
[ɪˈrevərənt] (托 16657/19937 -1)
Vocabulary: irreverent
(once / 1982 pages)
adj
If you are irreverent, you don’t show respect toward something, like your irreverent singing of your school's alma mater in a funny voice.
To be irreverent doesn’t necessarily mean you don't like something; it’s just that you don’t display the same honor for it that other people do. You might have a more light-hearted approach, poking fun of the way other people seem to almost blindly show their devotion. For example, when people at the Louvre are standing in hushed awe in front of the "Mona Lisa" it would be irreverent to holler "What's so great about that?"
WORD FAMILY
irreverent: irreverence, irreverently+/ irreverence: irreverences/ revere: revered, reverent, reveres, revering/ reverence: reverenced, reverences, reverencing, reverential / reverent: irreverent, reverence, reverenter, reverently / reverential: reverentially
USAGE EXAMPLES
But if one thing connects Ms. Bening’s many onscreen women, it is the mischievous confidence she brings to that simple, irreverent question, “Why not?”
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Ms. Fisher also wrote two wide-ranging and irreverent memoirs.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Saturday: The Reduced Shakespeare Company abandons the Bard for its irreverent holiday season performance,“The Ultimate Christmas Show,” at BlackRock Center for the Arts.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: adj. 不敬的，无礼的; 不虔诚的
分布：不敬的(49%)，无礼的(37%)，不逊的(14%)
→ir-,不，非，reverent,尊敬的。
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■not showing the expected respect for official, important or holy things 不尊敬的，无礼的
• an irreverent comment/approach/attitude 无礼的批评／方式／态度
• irreverent thoughts 不敬的想法
adj. 不敬的，无礼的
 - rude, offensive

Word: hash
Front: hash
[hæʃ] (16754/21798 -1)
Back: n. 剁碎的食物; #号; 蔬菜肉丁
vt. 把…弄乱; 切碎; 反复推敲; 搞糟
时态：hashed, hashing, hashes
分布：混杂(28%)，肉丁(22%)，切细(22%)，弄糟(14%)，反复推敲(14%)
→来自法语hacher,剁，剁碎，词源同hatchet.引申词义跺碎的肉丁土豆，拼定比较bake,batch.
noun
FAILURE 失败
make a hash of sth UK informal
■to do something very badly 做某事很失败
• He made a complete hash of the last question. 最后一道题他答得完全不对。
[hæʃ] noun
FOOD 食物
uncountable
■a mixture of meat, potatoes and vegetables cut into small pieces and baked or fried 肉末马铃薯泥
• corned beef hash 咸牛肉马铃薯泥
• US eggs and hash 鸡蛋和肉末马铃薯泥
[hæʃ] noun
DRUGS 毒品
uncountable informal for
■ hashish
[hæʃ] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] hash sth up UK informal
■to spoil something by doing it badly 把…搞砸
• The first interview was all right but I rather think I hashed up the second one. 第一次面试还可以，可是我觉得第二次面试搞砸了。
n. 剁碎的食物；混杂，拼凑；重新表述
 - farrago, grab bag
vt. 搞糟，把…弄乱；切细；推敲
 - make a mess of, foul up

Word: disengagement
Front: disengagement
[ˌdɪsɪn'ɡeɪdʒmənt] (16719/26038)
Back: n. 脱离; 解开; 解脱; 解除婚约
分布：解脱(65%)，空闲(15%)，脱离战斗(10%)，解除婚约(10%)
N-UNCOUNT
脱离;分离
Disengagement is a process by which people gradually stop being involved in a conflict, activity, or organization.
例：This policy of disengagement from the European war had its critics.这项从欧洲战场抽身退出的政策遭到了非议。
n. 脱离；分开
 - separation, secession

Word: hairdo
Front: hairdo
[ˈheədu:] (16640/33406)
Back: n. （尤指女子的）发式，发型
分布：名词(100%)
→hair,头发，do,做。引申词义发型，发式。
US ['her-] noun countable (plural hairdos) old-fashioned
■the style in which a person, especially a woman, has had their hair cut and arranged, especially if it is unusual or done for a particular occasion （尤指女性的）发型，发式（尤指别出心裁的或为某一特殊场合而做的发型）
• She had a most elaborate hairdo, all piled up on top of her head. 她做了个复杂精美的发型，头发全盘在头顶上。
n. 发型；发式
 - hair style, coiffure

Word: layering
Front: layering
['leɪərɪŋ] (托 16761/25389)
Back: n. 压条法; 成层; 分层
分布：分层(90%)，压条法(8%)，动词layer的现在分词形式.(2%)
N-COUNT
层
A layer of a material or substance is a quantity or piece of it that covers a surface or that is between two other things.
例：A fresh layer of snow covered the street...街上覆盖了一层新雪。
例：...the depletion of the ozone layer...臭氧层的损耗
N-COUNT
层次；阶层；等级
If something such as a system or an idea has many layers, it has many different levels or parts.
例：...an astounding ten layers of staff between the factory worker and the chief executive...工厂工人和首席执行官之间10个等级的巨大差距
例：Critics and the public puzzle out the layers of meaning in his photos.评论界和公众揭开了他照片中的重重深意。
VERB
分层放置
If you layer something, you arrange it in layers.
例：Layer the potatoes, asparagus and salmon in the tin...把土豆、芦笋和大麻哈鱼分层装入罐头内。
例：By lifting and layering her hair, Michael created a lighter frame for her face.通过把头发往上梳，增加层次感，迈克尔让她的脸型显得更为柔和。
n. [生态] 分层； [农学] [园艺] 压条法；成层
 - delamination, demixing

Word: redundancy
Front: redundancy
[rɪˈdʌndənsi] (研宝 16763/3877 -2)
Vocabulary: redundancy
(once / 7346 pages)
1n 2n
Use the noun redundancy to refer to something that's needlessly repeated. As much as you hate the redundancy of math drills, you have to admit that repetition is how you learned to multiply in the first place.
The noun redundancy can also refer to something that is unneeded, or extra. If you own a circus and you want to keep costs down by eliminating redundancy, you may decide you only need two clowns, rather than the whole carload of clowns you planned on. Redundancy comes from the Latin word redundare, meaning to surge, or literally to overflow.
WORD FAMILY
redundancy: redundancies+/redundance: redundances/ redundant: redundance, redundancy, redundantly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shops risk redundancy as consumers turn to e-commerce.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 20, 2016)
That’s because it coordinates funding for science across government agencies, and is the main entity looking for redundancies and gaps in those portfolios.
Nature(Dec 07, 2016)
Last month up to 500 more redundancies were confirmed, bringing the total number over two years to 2,000.
The Guardian(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: n. 过多，过剩; 冗长; 裁员; （机器的）多余度
分布：冗余(84%)，裁员(13%)，备份(2%)，多余信息(1%)
过剩,多余(red再+un波浪+ancy...波浪再回...多余)[-ancy=ance,表示"性质,状况"]
noun
NOT EMPLOYED 不被雇用
 ADVANCED countable or uncountable UK (Australian also retrenchment)
■the situation when someone loses their job because their employer does not need them 失业；被解雇；被裁减
• The economic downturn has meant 10 000 redundancies in the North-East. 由于经济衰退，东北地区有一万人失业。
• She took voluntary redundancy. 她选择了自愿裁汰。
[rɪ'dʌn.dənt.si] noun
EXTRA 额外的
uncountable
■when something is unnecessary because it is more than is needed （尤指词、短语等）多余的，不需要的，累赘的，啰唆的
n. [计] [数] 冗余（等于redundance）；裁员；人浮于事
 - layoffs, excessiveness

Word: Californian
Front: Californian
[ˌkæliˈfɔ:njən] (11488/11704)
Back: n. 加利福尼亚州人
adj. 加州的；加利福尼亚的
分布：加利福尼亚州人(41%)，加州的(33%)，加州人(26%)

Word: abhor
Front: abhor
[əbˈhɔ:(r)] (托宝 16665/18438)
Vocabulary: abhor
(once / 676 pages)
v
If you abhor something, it gives you a feeling of complete hatred. Chances are you abhor that kid who used to torture the frogs in biology class.
Abhor is from Latin abhorrere — "to shrink back in horror." It is the strongest way in English to express hatred, even stronger than loathe. We only use abhor in formal contexts; you might say "I abhor that man," but you would be less likely to say "I abhor spinach" unless you tend to express yourself in highfalutin terms no matter what the occasion.
WORD FAMILY
abhor: abhorred, abhorrence, abhorrent, abhorrer, abhorring, abhors+/ abhorrence: abhorrences/ abhorrent: abhorrently/abhorrer: abhorrers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Such actions should deter other leaders from letting bad behavior fester, lest they face the same fate in a culture like Japan's that abhors shame.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
Politics abhors a vacuum and Asian countries will gravitate towards China if US influence is perceived as declining.
The Guardian(Dec 08, 2016)
Together these changes would enthrone the “moneyed corporations” that Jefferson and other founders abhorred as destroyers of America’s democratic possibilities.
Salon(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: vt. 憎恶; （厌恶地）回避; 拒绝; 淘汰
n. 厌恶者，拒绝者
时态：abhorred, abhorring, abhors
分布：厌恶(41%)，憎恶(37%)，痛恨(22%)
→前缀ab-,离开，此外用于强调。词根hor, 恐怖，见horror,惊恐。指厌恶到恐惧的程度。
憎恨(ab表示动作+hor→又怕又恨→憎恨)[hor(r)=shudder,dread,表示"颤抖,害怕"]
【参】horrible（adj 可怕的）；horrid（adj 恐怖的，令人讨厌的）
【反】adore（vt 热爱）；greatly admire（非常仰慕）
US [æb'hɔ:r] (-rr-) formal
verb transitive not continuous
■to hate a way of behaving or thinking, often because you think it is not moral 憎恶；憎恨；厌恶
• I abhor all forms of racism. 我对任何形式的种族偏见都深恶痛绝。
vt. 痛恨，憎恶
 - abominate, revolt at

Word: deacon
Front: deacon
[ˈdi:kən] (14724/12458 -1)
Back: n. [宗]（新教，长老会等的）执事; （希腊教会的）助祭; 〈英〉工会会长; 〈美〉初生小牛
vt. 搞欺骗; 搀混，蒙混
分布：助祭(76%)，受训准备做牧师者(12%)，欺骗(12%)
→来自希腊语diakonos, 仆人，教会执事。来自dia-, 穿过，-con, 移动，词源同cite, cinema.
noun countable
■(in some church groups) a church official, either male or female, who is below a priest in rank and who performs some of the duties of a priest （某些基督教团体的）执事，会吏
n. 执事；助祭
 - diaconate
vt. 朗读；搞欺骗
 - do some reading

Word: silhouette
Front: silhouette
[ˌsɪluˈet] (7932/11637 -1)
Vocabulary: silhouette
(once / 2026 pages)
nv
A silhouette is dark shadow, like a silhouette of a person standing under a street lamp, or a drawing that shows only the shape of an object.
A silhouette, pronounced "sil-ooh-ET," can be mysterious. After all, you can only see the shape of the person or object. So, it's fitting that the word's origin is a little mysterious, too. It was coined for Etienne de Silhouette, a French finance minister. One theory is that Silhouette decorated his chateau with the kind of dark outline drawings that now bear his name.
WORD FAMILY
silhouette: silhouetted, silhouettes, silhouetting
USAGE EXAMPLES
People are either concealed in shadow or seen at some distance, as lonely silhouettes in a big, uncaring land.
The New Yorker(Jan 02, 2017)
Enrollees receive large signs emblazoned with the program’s logo - a silhouette of a saluting soldier.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
His “Arbor Series,” at Cross MacKenzie Gallery, includes views of silhouetted pines, their branches and needles often divided among multiple frames.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
Back: n. 轮廓，剪影; （人的）体形; （事物的）形状
vt. 使呈现影子; 使呈现轮廓
时态：silhouetted, silhouetting, silhouettes
分布：轮廓(71%)，侧影(19%)，影子(8%)，使某物现出轮廓或呈黑色轮廓像(2%)
→来自 18 世纪欧洲七年战争时期的法国财务部长 Etienne de Silhouette,因在战争时期实施紧缩 的财政政策而遭到过惯了奢靡生活的其它贵族的愤恨，因而引申该词义。同时，也有另一种 观点认为是因该财务部长用类似剪影图片装饰自家城堡而得名。
noun countable or uncountable
■a dark shape seen against a light surface 剪影；逆光黑影；轮廓
• The silhouette of the bare tree on the hill was clear against the winter sky. 在冬日天空的映衬下，山上光秃秃的树影清晰可见。
n. 轮廓，剪影
 - profile, outline, contour

Word: micron
Front: micron
[ˈmaɪkrɒn] (16747/26113)
Back: n. 微米
分布：微米(97%)，百万分之一米(3%)
→来自希腊语mikros的中性格，用于科技术语微米。
US [-krɑ:n] noun countable
■0.000 001 of a metre 微米，百万分之一米
n. 微米（等于百万分之一米）
 - mu, mikron

Word: congruent
Front: congruent
[ˈkɒŋgruənt] (雅宝 16664/24611)
Vocabulary: congruent
(once / 39796 pages)
adj
The adjective congruent fits when two shapes are the same in shape and size. If you lay two congruent triangles on each other, they would match up exactly.
Congruent comes from the Latin verb congruere "to come together, correspond with." Figuratively, the word describes something that is similar in character or type. Are your actions congruent with your values? If a friend says something outrageous that you don't want to agree with but don't want to disagree with either, say that your friend's idea is congruent with what you think. That way you can agree with him but change your mind later if you have to.
WORD FAMILY
congruent: congruence, congruenter, incongruent +/ congruence: congruences
USAGE EXAMPLES
The respective rates of change are not always congruent, and the associated advertising rates are still lopsided.
Washington Post(Dec 14, 2016)
Scaffolds with congruent sequence content in both assemblies would result in a linear network, whereas scaffolds with contradictory sequence content would result in branching networks.
Nature(Nov 20, 2016)
This was a style of confidence that felt congruent and authentic to me.
New York Times(Jan 18, 2014)
Back: adj. <数>叠合的; 全等的; 符合的; 一致的
分布：一致的(54%)，全等的(33%)，合适的(13%)
→con-, 强调。-gru, 刮，磨，掉落，词源同grit, grind. 原义指掉到一起，相称的，后用于几何学术语指全等三角形。
【记】con共同，gru＝gree同意，一致－一致的，全等的
【参】congruous（adj 一致的；符合的；适合的）
【反】disagreeable（adj 不和谐的；令人厌恶的）不确定
US ['kɑ:ŋ-] specialized
adjective
■describes a shape in mathematics that has the same shape and size as another （数学图形）全等的
• congruent triangles 全等三角形
adj. [数] 适合的，一致的；全等的；合谐的
 - adaptive, united, consistent, calculated, corresponding

Word: penance
Front: penance
[ˈpenəns] (宝 16731/15780)
Vocabulary: penance
(once / 896 pages)
n
Penance is the act of doing a good deed to make up for past wrongs. Shoveling your neighbor's sidewalk all winter could be your penance for not helping rake the leaves that dropped from your tree into his yard during the fall.
Although the noun penance can mean any remorse for past mistakes, or any voluntary action meant to right the wrong, Penance, with a capital P, also specifically refers to a sacrament in the Catholic Church. When a person receives Penance, he or she confesses sins to a priest, and along with a blessing, receives an order to do something, such as say certain prayers. This assignment is also called penance.
WORD FAMILY
penance: penances
USAGE EXAMPLES
But it’s not all penance for the former neo-Nazis who met in Schleife, a village near the Polish border, in early November.
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The U.S. was born in slavery, a national sin whose penance was bloodshed and divisions that continue to this day.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 09, 2016)
He paid penance during the World Cup in Brazil, he says, by shunning Fifa-supplied VIP tickets.
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
Back: n. （赎罪的）苦行，苦修
分布：忏悔(46%)，赎罪(29%)，自我惩罚(22%)，使忏悔(3%)
→来自古法语peneance,来自拉丁语paenitentia,忏悔，悔罪，词源同penitence.
赎罪,自我惩罚(pen+ance)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"]
noun countable or uncountable
■an act which shows that you feel sorry about something that you have done, sometimes for religious reasons 悔过，悔罪；补赎
• As a penance, she said she would buy them all a box of chocolates. 为了表示歉意，她说她要给他们每个人都买一盒巧克力。
• They are doing penance for their sins. 他们正在为自己的罪过而忏悔。
n. 苦修；忏悔
 - confession, shrift

Word: vomit
Front: vomit
[ˈvɒmɪt] (雅宝 8753/10114 -1)
Back: vt. & vi. 呕吐; 大量喷出
n. 呕吐，呕吐物; 催吐剂
时态：vomited, vomiting, vomits
分布：呕吐(60%)，呕吐物(19%)，吐出(16%)，喷出(5%)
→来自weme,呕吐，吐出，拟声词，词源同emetic.
【记】象声词，自学呕吐的声音
US ['vɑ:.mɪt] verb intransitive or transitive
 ADVANCED
■to empty the contents of the stomach through the mouth 呕吐
• He came home drunk and vomited all over the kitchen floor. 他醉醺醺地回到家里，在厨房里吐了一地。
• She was vomiting (up) blood. 她在吐血。
vt. 吐出；使……呕吐
 - spit out, regorge
vi. [医] 呕吐；吐出
 - shoot the cat, hork
n. [医] 呕吐；呕吐物；催吐剂
 - sickness, emesis

Word: bouncer
Front: bouncer
[ˈbaʊnsə(r)] (16771/16493 -1)
Back: n. 保镖，门卫; 跳跃物; 庞然大物
分布：巨大的东西(34%)，板球(22%)，看门保镖(22%)，巨人(22%)
US [-sɚ] noun countable
■someone whose job is to stand outside a bar, party, etc. and either stop people who cause trouble from coming in or force them to leave （酒吧、聚会等雇用的）保安，保镖
n. 保镖；巨大的东西；跳跃的人；吹牛者
 - bodyguard, triggerman

Word: script
Front: script
[skrɪpt] (研六雅宝 3286/4130 -3)
Vocabulary: script
(once / 488 pages)
nv
A script is a written version of a play or movie. If you're auditioning for a movie, you'll get the script to practice a scene or two.
Script comes from the Latin scrībĕre, meaning "to write," and all its meanings have to do with something written. Your handwriting is your script. The written version of what you're supposed to say, whether for a wedding toast or a play, is a script. And if you were feeling old-fashioned you could call the grocery list you just wrote a script. It's also a verb. You can script a play.
WORD FAMILY
script: postscript, prescript, rescript, scripted, scripting, scripts, scriptural, subscript+/ postscript: postscripts/prescript: prescripts/rescript: rescripts/scripted: unscripted/scriptural: scripturally/subscript: subscripts
USAGE EXAMPLES
His one noticeable zinger, “You guys are ducking more questions than Congress,” sounded scripted.
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
But just like in any good TV script, a twist was in store.
BBC(Jan 02, 2017)
Every Christmas season the two Hallmark Channels release or replay a familiar holiday script.
Salon(Jan 02, 2017)
Back: n. 脚本，手迹; 书写体铅字; 剧本、广播稿或者电影剧本
vt. 为电影（或戏剧等）写剧本; 编造
时态：scripted, scripting, scripts
分布：脚本(80%)，剧本(15%)，手迹(2%)，手稿(1%)，字体(1%)，考卷(1%)
→来自 scribe,写，-pt,过去分词格。词性由形容词作名词使用，引申诸相关词义。
原本,脚本[scrib,script=write,表示"写"]
n.剧本(原稿);手稿,原稿;笔迹,手迹His script was unintelligible.他的笔迹实在看不懂.
【参】manuscript（n 手稿）
noun
TEXT 文本
 ADVANCED countable
■the words of a film, play, broadcast or speech 电影剧本；剧本；广播稿；讲稿
• Bruce Robinson wrote the script for 'The Killing Fields'. 布鲁斯‧罗宾逊为《战火屠城》写了剧本。
countable Australian * prescription
[skrɪpt] noun
EXAMINATION 考试
countable UK
■an answer paper written by a student in an examination （考生的）笔试答案卷
[skrɪpt] noun
WRITING 书写
uncountable
■a set of letters used for writing a particular language 文字；字母
• Arabic/Cyrillic/Roman script 阿拉伯／西里尔／罗马字母
countable or uncountable
■writing, especially when well-formed （尤指漂亮的）书写，字迹
• The invitation was written in beautiful italic script. 邀请函是用漂亮的斜体字写成的。
[skrɪpt] noun
COMPUTER 电脑
countable or uncountable specialized
■a type of language for programming computers, that is used for finding and showing websites on the Internet 脚本语言（电脑程式设计的一种语言，用于网际网路上寻找和显示网页）
letter, alphabet, script, character
这组词都有“字母”的意思，其区别是：
letter: 指单个的字母。
alphabet: 指整个字母系统或一种语言的字母表，不表单个字母。
script: 指书写或印刷的字母。
character: 通常指汉语的方块字，也指字符。
n. 脚本； [图情] 手迹；书写用的字母
 - play book

Word: dud
Front: dud
[dʌd] (16646/33070 -1)
Vocabulary: dud
(once / 4100 pages)
nadj
Something that doesn't work the way it's supposed to is a dud. A bomb or firework that doesn't explode is one kind of dud. A bad blind date is another kind.
When a bomb fails to explode, it's a dud. A long-planned surprise party that fails miserably when the guest of honor doesn't show up is another kind of dud. You can also refer to a person as a dud, if he's an utter failure or a complete flop: "The lead actor was a total dud. He couldn't really sing or dance and he seemed nervous." In the 1800s, a dud was "a person in ragged clothing," from dudde, "cloak or mantle."
WORD FAMILY
dud: dudly, duds
USAGE EXAMPLES
But a last-minute loss in Pittsburgh ended that hope, and Baltimore finished with a dud of a performance Sunday in a 27-10 loss to Cincinnati.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
For every hit like “Mortal Combat” or “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider,” there are a slew of duds such as “Warcraft” and “Prince of Persia.”
Time(Jan 01, 2017)
For every hit like "Mortal Combat" or "Lara Croft: Tomb Raider," there are a slew of duds such as "Warcraft" and "Prince of Persia."
Reuters(Jan 01, 2017)
Back: n. [军]哑弹; 无用的人或物; 衣服，个人物品
adj. 无用的; 不完善的
分布：哑弹(51%)，无价值的(21%)，无用的人或物(14%)，个人物品.(14%)
→俚语，原义为破布。引申词义废物，哑弹，不中用的等诸多词义。
[dʌd] informal
noun countable
■something that has no value or that does not work 没用的东西，废物
• Are there any more batteries? This one's a dud. 还有没有电池？这个电池用完了。
• He's made eleven films in the last twenty years and not one a dud. 在过去的二十年里他一共拍了十一部电影，每一部都是精品。
[dʌd] informal
adjective
■not working or not having any value 没用的东西，废物
• A customer had tried to pass off a dud cheque (= one for which a bank will not give money). 有个顾客想用一张假支票蒙混过关。
n. 衣服； [军] 哑弹；无用物
 - clothes, garment, array, thread
adj. 无用的
 - useless, unnecessary, futile

Word: flowered
Front: flowered
[ˈflaʊəd] (16753/20379)
Back: adj. 花开着的，多花的; 用花装饰的
分布：花开着的(45%)，用花装饰的(44%)，动词flower的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
ADJ
有花卉图案的
Flowered paper or cloth has a pattern of flowers on it.
例：She was wearing a pretty flowered cotton dress.她穿着一件漂亮的印花棉布裙。

Word: eloquence
Front: eloquence
['eləkwəns] (六托宝 16655/18873)
Vocabulary: eloquence
(once / 404 pages)
n
Eloquence is powerful, moving, magnificent use of language. Simply put, if you have eloquence, then you're one smooth talker.
The noun eloquence has roots in the Latin word eloqui, meaning to "speak out". But we're not talking about just any regular speech here. Eloquence is marked by fluency, persuasiveness and the power to stir emotions. The eloquence of your dog trainer’s empowering speech about the need for complementary manicures and pedicures for pets might bring you to tears, for example.
WORD FAMILY
eloquence: eloquences+/elocute: elocutes, elocuting, elocution, eloquent / elocution: elocutionary, elocutionist/elocutionist: elocutionists/ eloquent: eloquence, eloquenter, eloquentest, eloquently/eloquently: ineloquently
USAGE EXAMPLES
He speaks with his father’s baritone voice and his mother’s thoughtful eloquence.
Washington Post(Dec 07, 2016)
‘Dream’ has all the same qualities of those pieces: the eloquence, the excitement, the nobility.
Seattle Times(Nov 27, 2016)
Most important, Chabon relates — with inexhaustible eloquence and an infectious sense of wonder — one hell of a good story.
Seattle Times(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: n. 口才，辩才; 雄辩; 雄辩术; 修辞法
分布：口才(59%)，雄辩(41%)
雄辩,口才(e出+loqu+ence)[loqu,locu=speak,表示"说话"]
ADJ-GRADED
（言辞、文字等）表达生动的，有说服力的
Speech or writing that is eloquent is well expressed and effective in persuading people.
例：I heard him make a very eloquent speech at that dinner.在那次晚宴上，我听到他作了一番非常有说服力的陈词。
ADJ-GRADED
雄辩的;口才流利的;能言善辩的
A person who is eloquent is good at speaking and able to persuade people.
例：He was eloquent about his love of books.他说起自己对书的喜爱来就会停不住嘴。
例：...one particularly eloquent German critic.非常能言善辩的德国评论家
n. 口才；雄辩；雄辩术；修辞
 - speechcraft, silver tongue

Word: heterogeneity
Front: heterogeneity
[ˌhetərə'dʒə'ni:ətɪ] (16620/17416)
Vocabulary: heterogeneity
(once / 32382 pages)
n
Heterogeneity is a word that signifies diversity. A classroom consisting of people from lots of different backgrounds would be considered having the quality of heterogeneity.
The prefix hetero- means "other or different," while the prefix homo- means "the same." Heterogeneity is often used in contrast to homogeneity, which is when two or more people or things are alike. Heterogeneity can also refer to something that is made up of lots of different elements, like a local dialect composed of various languages.
WORD FAMILY
heterogeneity: heterogeneities+/ heterogeneous: heterogeneity, heterogeneously, heterogeneousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Heterogeneity, he said, is baked into Miami’s art scene.
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
Considerable heterogeneity exists in the general rubric of ALS.
Nature(Nov 08, 2016)
Mess, heterogeneity, is bad — the opposite impulse of artistic minimalism.
New York Times(Jul 26, 2016)
Back: n. 异质性，不均匀性，不纯一性
分布：异质性(97%)，多相性(3%)
n. [生物] 异质性； [物] [矿业] [化学] 不均匀性；多相性
 - nonuniformity, ununiformity

Word: tar
Front: tar
[tɑ:(r)] (研六雅 11903/14622 -1)
Back: n. 焦油，沥青，柏油; 尼古丁; <口>水手，水兵
vt. 以焦油或沥青覆盖或涂抹（某物）
时态：tarred, tarring, tars
分布：焦油(81%)，柏油(17%)，涂以焦油(2%)
→来自古英语 teru,树脂，树胶，沥青，来自 Proto-Germanic*terwo,橡树，树，来自 deru, 橡树，树，词源同 tree,dentrology.
n.柏油,焦油vt.涂或浇柏油/焦油于We use tar to make roads.我们用沥青铺路.
US [tɑ:r] noun uncountable
■a black substance, sticky when hot, used especially for making roads 煤焦油沥青，柏油（可用于铺路）
■one of the poisonous substances found in tobacco 烟碱，焦油
• a low tar cigarette 焦油含量低的香烟
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] noun uncountable
beat/knock/whale the tar out of sb US informal
■to hit someone forcefully and repeatedly 猛揍（某人），狠揍（某人）
• The boxer knocked the tar out of his opponent. 那名拳击手狠狠地击打他的对手。
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
■to put tar on a surface 覆盖焦油于；铺柏油于
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
tar sb with the same brush
■to think that someone has the same bad qualities as another person 认为（某人与另一人）是一丘之貉
• Because they worked so closely in the same department, John was tarred with the same brush as Tim. 由于在同一个部门工作，关系又非常密切，约翰被认为跟蒂姆是一丘之貉。
UK [tɑ:r] US [tɑ:r] verb transitive (-rr-)
tar and feather sb
■to cover someone in tar and feathers as a punishment （作为惩罚）将（某人）浑身涂满柏油并黏上羽毛
tag, tar, tap, tan
tag: 标签，货签；
tar: 柏油，焦油
tap: 水龙头，轻拍，利用，开发；
tan: 晒黑成棕褐色，鞭打；
n. [化工] 焦油；柏油；水手
 - asphalt, tarre
vt. 涂以焦油；玷污
 - cloud, pollute

Word: sleigh
Front: sleigh
[sleɪ] (宝 16769/37311)
Back: n. 雪橇
vi. 乘雪橇
时态：sleighed, sleighing, sleighs
分布：雪橇(97%)，坐雪橇(3%)
→来自荷兰语 slee,缩写自 slede,雪橇，词源同 sled.
noun countable
■a type of sledge pulled by animals, especially horses or dogs （尤指马或狗拉的）雪橇
vi. [交] 乘雪橇；驾雪橇
 - sled
vt. [交] 乘雪橇；用雪橇运输
 - sledge
n. [交] 雪橇
 - cariole, sled

Word: anomalous
Front: anomalous
[əˈnɒmələs] (托宝 16778/12514)
Vocabulary: anomalous
(once / 3932 pages)
adj
Something that deviates from the norm is anomalous. Something anomalous can be good, such as an exciting new direction in music or art. But that anomalously low score on your math test? Not so good.
To find the origins of the word anomalous we can go back to the Greek anṓmalos, meaning "uneven or irregular." Something that is anomalous is not just different; it is also unexpected, and may even be completely inconsistent with the norm. For example, the recent discovery of ice, and therefore water, on the moon was anomalous to all previous ideas that the moon was lifeless. .
WORD FAMILY
anomalous: anomalously, anomalousness+/ anomaly: anomalies, anomalist, anomalous
USAGE EXAMPLES
In this temporally anomalous wasteland everything existential emerges through the physical: a bit of soccer, a lot of sex, still more violence.
The New Yorker(Nov 28, 2016)
“Research by the Government Accountability Institute shows that Secretary Clinton’s email record contains anomalous patterns in her email history,” the report says.
Washington Post(Nov 22, 2016)
“Today’s latest #Arctic mean temperature continues to move the wrong direction . . . up. Quite an anomalous spike!,”
Washington Post(Nov 17, 2016)
Back: adj. 不规则的; 不协调的; 不恰当的; 破格的
分布：不规则的(62%)，反常的(38%)
【反】typical（adj 典型的）；normal（adj 正常的）
ADJ-GRADED
反常的；异常的；例外的
Something that is anomalous is different from what is usual or expected.
例：For years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists...几年来这种反常行为让科学家们很困惑。
例：His position here is anomalous.他在此的身份很不寻常。
adj. [生物] 异常的；不规则的；不恰当的
 - novel, abnormal, exceptional, exquisite

Word: shelling
Front: shelling
[ˈʃelɪŋ] (16755/17534)
Back: n. 去壳，去皮; 皮磨; 拾贝壳
分布：炮击(87%)，去壳(8%)，去皮(4%)，动词shell的现在分词形式.(1%)
(蛋、坚果等的)壳
The shell of a nut or egg is the hard covering which surrounds it.
例：They cracked the nuts and removed their shells...他们砸开坚果,剥去硬壳。
例：Once the eggs have hatched the shells are left behind.一旦鸡蛋孵化后，蛋壳就没用了。
(龟、蜗牛、蟹等的)壳
The shell of an animal such as a tortoise, snail, or crab is the hard protective covering that it has around its body or on its back.
贝壳
Shells are hard objects found on beaches. They are usually pink, white, or brown and are the coverings which used to surround small sea creatures.
例：I collect shells and interesting seaside items.我收集贝壳和海边有趣的小玩意儿。
例：...sea shells.海里的贝壳
剥…的壳;去…的皮
If you shell nuts, peas, prawns, or other food, you remove their natural outer covering.
例：She shelled and ate a few nuts.她剥了几个坚果吃了。
例：...shelled prawns.去了皮的对虾
自我封闭的外壳;保护壳
If someone comes out of their shell, they become more friendly and interested in other people and less quiet, shy, and reserved.
例：Her normally shy son had come out of his shell.她那平时很害羞的儿子已经开始与人交往了。
例：...a lonely boy struggling to emerge from his shell.一个努力想要走出自我封闭的孤独男孩
(建筑物、车、船等的)骨架，框架，壳体
The shell of a building, boat, car, or other structure is the outside frame of it.
例：...the shells of burned buildings...大厦被烧毁后露出的框架
例：The solid feel of the car's shell is impressive.这辆汽车的外壳给人的感觉异常坚固。
炮弹
A shell is a weapon consisting of a metal container filled with explosives that can be fired from a large gun over long distances.
炮轰;炮击
To shell a place means to fire explosive shells at it.
例：The rebels shelled the densely-populated suburbs near the port.叛乱者炮轰了港口附近人口密集的郊区。
n. 去皮；去壳
 - debarking, peeling
v. 剥去…的外壳；向…开枪；脱落（shell的ing形式）
 - shedding

Word: voodoo
Front: voodoo
[ˈvu:du:] (16649/25531)
Vocabulary: voodoo
(once / 9858 pages)
nv
Voodoo is a set of religious beliefs mainly followed by people in Caribbean countries and the Southern United States. People who practice voodoo believe that death is a transition from the visible to the invisible world.
You may see voodoo portrayed on TV and in movies as a scary, violent cult that uses black magic and voodoo dolls to torment people. In reality, voodoo is a varied, community-centered religion with deep African influences, which often incorporates Catholic saint imagery. Voodoo comes from the Louisiana French voudou, ultimately from a West African language.
WORD FAMILY
voodoo: voodooed, voodooing, voodooism, voodoos
USAGE EXAMPLES
Austra’s Utopia and Voodoo in My Blood by Massive Attack featuring Young Fathers were two videos that presented technology as an ominous enemy.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
San Diego State University says a former graduate student, Mark Dodero, discovered the plant - supposedly while listening to Hendrix’s song “Voodoo Child.”
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
San Diego State University says a former graduate student, Mark Dodero, discovered the plant — supposedly while listening to Hendrix’s song “Voodoo Child.”
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. （尤指西印度群岛等地的）伏都教，巫术
vt. 施巫术以迷惑
时态：voodooed, voodooing, voodoos
分布：伏都教的(55%)，伏都教徒(30%)，施魔法于(15%)
→来自非洲土著语，神灵，魔鬼。
noun uncountable
■a type of religion involving magic and the worship of spirits (= people who cannot be seen) , especially common in Haiti 巫毒教（信仰魔法与鬼魂，尤流行于海地）
■informal
■bad luck 霉运；坏运气
• They felt as if there was some sort of voodoo on the band, because everything just went wrong. 他们觉得那条绳子上肯定有甚么邪气，因为每件事情都不对劲儿。

Word: catapult
Front: catapult
[ˈkætəpʌlt] (宝 16678/16002 -1)
Vocabulary: catapult
(once / 4484 pages)
nv
A catapult is something that hurls things through the air, like a catapult that sends pumpkins flying in an annual Halloween competition.
To pronounce catapult, accent the first syllable: "CAT a pult." Catapult can also be a verb that means "to hurl or shoot forward." It's not only objects that catapult. A hit single can catapult a band to great fame, for example, or a high score may catapult you into first place. Just don't catapult any cats. That would catapult you to notoriety, and probably also to jail.
WORD FAMILY
catapult: catapulted, catapultian, catapultic, catapulting, catapults
USAGE EXAMPLES
In those cases, in contrast with the Nike-Michigan arrangement, the teams own the data, a Catapult spokesman said.
New York Times(Sep 09, 2016)
Trump's 11-year stint on "The Apprentice" and sister show "Celebrity Apprentice" catapulted him from New York businessman to a household name.
Reuters(Dec 29, 2016)
It was a part that catapulted her into the limelight as one of the most famous faces on the planet.
BBC(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 弹弓; 石弩; 飞机弹射器; 弹射座椅
vt. 用弩炮发射; 用弹弓射; 用弹射器发射; 猛投
vi. 用弹射器弹射; 快速移动
时态：catapulted, catapulting, catapults
分布：发射(69%)，发射机(21%)，弹弩(10%)
→cata-, 向下。-pul, 扔，投掷，词源同appeal, pulse.
【记】cata下，pult读：炮塔。炮塔可以用弹弓向下面发射石头－弹弓cata下，pult读：炮他：向下用炮打他－弹弓
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable
■a device which can throw objects at a high speed 投射器；石弩；弹射器
• In the past, armies used catapults to hurl heavy stones at enemy fortifications. 古代军队使用石弩将重石投向敌人的防御工事。
• On that type of aircraft carrier, a catapult was used to help launch aircraft. 那种航空母舰利用弹射器弹射飞机升空。
■UK (US slingshot) (Australian also shanghai)
■a Y-shaped stick or piece of metal with a piece of elastic (= material that stretches) fixed to the top parts, used especially by children for shooting small stones （儿童玩的）弹弓
UK ['kæt.ə.pʌlt] US ['kætˌ-] verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to throw someone or something with great force 把…射出，把…弹出
• When the two vehicles collided, he was catapulted forwards. 两车相撞时，他被甩向了前方。
be catapulted into sth
■to suddenly experience a particular state, such as fame 突然经历；一跃而成
• The award for best actress meant that almost overnight she was catapulted into the limelight. 获得最佳女演员奖意味着她几乎一夜之间成了公众关注的焦点。
n. 弹弓；石弩； [航] [军] 飞机弹射器；（飞机上的）座椅弹射器
 - slingshot
vt. 用弹弓射；用弹射器发射；猛投
 - hurtle
vi. 用弹射器弹射；快速移动
 - barrel

Word: unscrupulous
Front: unscrupulous
[ʌnˈskru:pjələs] (托宝 16684/13737 -1)
Vocabulary: unscrupulous
(once / 1301 pages)
adj
Use the adjective unscrupulous to describe someone who behaves in a dishonest or unethical way.
Unscrupulous behavior is the unfortunate resort of many ambitious people — it’s the immoral stuff they do to make success more attainable. When you sell someone bad loans, when you hack into your competition's accounts, when you read your roommate's mail for signs of an opportunity with his girlfriend, you're being unscrupulous.
TIPS & TRICKS
Want to Understand "Unscrupulous"? We've Got Your Back
In a piece in The Atlantic on vocabulary learning, journalist and SAT tutor James S. Murphy brought up the so-called "SAT word" unscrupulous as an example of a word you might memorize for SAT proficiency, but still have no idea how to use appropriately.
Merriam-Webster, Murphy points out, can only take you so far. To really understand the nuances of this subtle word, you'll have to tap into a resources like the ones that appear in the Vocabulary.com Dictionary.
Consider the example of “unscrupulous.”  The Microsoft Word thesaurus provides as synonyms for “unscrupulous” “dishonest,” “corrupt,” “dodgy,” “immoral,” and “ruthless.”  These words occupy a similar semantic space, but they are not equivalent to each other. One of the keys to speaking and writing eloquently is the power to select the most appropriate chisel for the context. You need to know, for instance, that it is appropriate to call the behavior of many mortgage lenders unscrupulous, but not to call a small child’s lie to his mother unscrupulous, since we do not expect young children to live according to principles. You would not find this distinction out, however, if you simply memorized the definition at Merriam-Webster.com:  “not honest or fair; doing things that are wrong, dishonest, or illegal.”
So how can you be sure you're fully understanding words you're trying to learn?
You need someone to sit down and explain the word to you, pronounce it for you, show you a bunch of examples of how it's used, give you a list of its synonyms and antonyms, indicate how frequently you'll see it and what other words you might find in its family. But who is that person? Your mom? Your best friend? No, it's the definition pages and word learning game on Vocabulary.com! On nearly every page in our Dictionary, you'll find:
- A friendly description of the word, as if your favorite English teacher is explaining it to you.
- A break down of its definitions organized in colors according to parts of speech.
- A list of synonyms and antonyms.
- Hundreds of usage examples drawn from real-world books, magazines, and newspapers.
- A word family diagram showing you related words (on the unscrupulous page, you'll see scruples, scrupulous, and scrupulously)
- A learn button that lets you include this word in the Vocabulary.com game.
Want to see how it works? Check out unscrupulous here.
WORD FAMILY
unscrupulous: unscrupulously, unscrupulousness+/ scruple: scrupled, scruples, scrupling, scrupulous / scrupulous: scrupulously, scrupulousness, unscrupulous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Politically, there was also an unscrupulous plot to impeach Dilma Rousseff and end 13 years of Workers’ party rule in Brazil.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Instead, aggressive marketing and unscrupulous doctors helped push a generation of people into addiction.
Washington Times(Dec 21, 2016)
His celebrity became a mask for his own chaotic, outsourced and unscrupulous business empire.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: adj. 肆无忌惮的，不择手段的，无道德原则的; 没有节操的; 恣意
分布：肆无忌惮的(65%)，不道德的(35%)
肆无忌惮的(un+scrupulosu小心的)[un-①表示"不,无,非,没有"②表示"打开,解开,弄出"]
[ʌn'skru:.pjʊ.ləs] disapproving
adjective
■behaving in a way that is dishonest or unfair in order to get what you want 无道德原则的；不诚实的；不公正的；无耻的
• an unscrupulous financial adviser 一个没有诚信的金融顾问
adj. 肆无忌惮的；寡廉鲜耻的；不讲道德的
 - abandoned, jack-leg

Word: exhilaration
Front: exhilaration
[ɪɡˌzɪlə'reɪʃn] (宝 16673/18488)
Vocabulary: exhilaration
(once / 3447 pages)
n
Exhilaration is great joy, and excitement and liveliness! When you ride an ocean wave, hear a favorite song, or have a long and uncontrollable laugh with friends, there's a feeling of exhilaration, an overflow of happiness.
Most people have moments of exhilaration (egg-zill-uh-RAY-shun), sometimes during life's big moments, like a graduation or wedding, and often while just walking down the street and feeling great about the day and being alive. And exhilaration is contagious: when you witness someone else's exhilaration, it usually makes you full of warmth and joyousness too. Some synonyms of exhilaration also sound close to it, like "exultation," "exaltation," and "elation." As they say, it's all good.
WORD FAMILY
exhilaration: exhilarations+/ exhilarate: exhilarated, exhilarates, exhilarating, exhilaration / exhilarating: exhilaratingly
USAGE EXAMPLES
The experience left me with the exhilaration of life enhanced.
The Guardian(Dec 31, 2016)
Eclipsed only by the exhilaration of marrying my soulmate, the march was one of the greatest days of my life.
The Guardian(Dec 26, 2016)
Cooling in air-tight conditions produces a wild array of colors, and there’s exhilaration in unveiling each piece.
Washington Times(Nov 30, 2016)
Back: n. 愉快的心情，高兴; 豪兴
分布：兴奋(86%)，高兴(14%)
noun uncountable
■excitement and happiness 激动；兴奋；高兴
n. 愉快；令人高兴
 - sunshine, brightness

Word: totalitarianism
Front: totalitarianism
[təʊˌtælə'teərɪənɪzəm] (16750/23684)
Vocabulary: totalitarianism
(once / 20592 pages)
n
If the government has complete and absolute power over the people, that's totalitarianism. This is a repressive, unfree type of society.
We live in a democracy, where the people have a say and elect officials. The opposite is totalitarianism: a totalitarian society is usually ruled by a dictator, and there is very little or no freedom. In totalitarianism, the government controls almost every aspect of life. There is no free speech or freedom of the press: certain religions and ideas may be banned. George Orwell's novel 1984 was a brilliant look at a world of totalitarianism.
WORD FAMILY
totalitarianism: totalitarianisms+/ totalitarian: totalitarianism, totalitarians
USAGE EXAMPLES
During his campaign, Mr Fillon declared that “the enemy is Islamic totalitarianism” and called for “strict” immigration controls.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Mr Fillon has sounded a tough note on immigration, warned about “Islamic totalitarianism” and voted against the legalisation of gay marriage.
Economist(Nov 27, 2016)
With his wild beard, olive-green military fatigues, darkly petulant good looks and trademark cigars, El Comandante became the anachronistically glamorous face of leftwing totalitarianism.
The Guardian(Nov 26, 2016)
Back: n. 极权主义
分布：极权主义(100%)
N-UNCOUNT
极权主义
Totalitarianism is the ideas, principles, and practices of totalitarian political systems.

Word: East-West
Front: East-West
['i:stw'est] None
Back: n. 东西部（杂志名称）; 东方西方（电影名称）
分布：横贯(100%)

Word: liberated
Front: liberated
[ˈlɪbəreɪtɪd] (16794/18613)
Vocabulary: liberated
(once / 1448 pages)
adj
Liberated describes something that's free from traditional social conventions. If you are a truly liberated dresser, you don't feel any pressure to wear conservative clothes just because that's what everyone else does.
A liberated woman refers to a feminist who pushes for more equality for women. In the 1960s, a wave of liberated women fought sexism in culture and politics and tried to change expectations of what women should be both inside and outside the home. Liberated can also describe something that's freed from occupation by an enemy. For example, a country might be liberated from guerilla rule by UN forces.
WORD FAMILY
liberate: liberated, liberates, liberating, liberation, liberator +/ liberation: liberations/ liberator: liberators/ libertarian: libertarianism, libertarians/ liberty: liberate, libertarian, liberties
USAGE EXAMPLES
The site, though liberated last month from the extremists, is reduced to rubble, largely unguarded and vulnerable to looters.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Its flags flutter over the checkpoints along the newly liberated rural roads and at the military bases closest to the front lines.
Washington Post(Dec 28, 2016)
They were among the first places to be liberated from the Islamic State earlier this year.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 被解放的; 思想解放的; （在社交和性关系上）无拘束的; 放纵的
v. 解放，释放( liberate的过去式和过去分词 )
分布：被解放的(56%)，无拘束的(33%)，动词liberate的过去式和过去分词形式.(11%)
US [-ɚ.eɪ.tˌɪd] adjective
■not following traditional ways of behaving or old ideas 不受传统思想束缚的；解放的；开放的
• She's chosen career advancement instead of having children - does that make her a liberated woman? 她没有去生儿育女，而是选择了走职业路途——她这样做是否就成了一位思想解放的女性？
adj. 无拘束的；放纵的（尤指在社交和性关系方面）
 - luxurious, uninhibited

Word: spruce
Front: spruce
[spru:s] (宝 12470/20859 -1)
Vocabulary: spruce
(once / 1095 pages)
1n 2adjv
Spruce is a verb that means you pay special attention to your personal appearance, especially your grooming and clothing. If you want to spruce up for a wedding, you'll need to rent a tuxedo and do something with your hair.
Spruce can also mean that you're making something else look better. You might spruce up the living room before your girlfriend's visit by vacuuming, throwing away all the trash, and putting away the dishes you left sitting around. Spruce is typically used in combination with the word up: spruce up. Spruce's use as a verb possibly originated from "spruce leather," which was used to make a popular type of jacket back in the 1400s.
TASTY MORSELS
Vocabulary Shout-Out: Anthony Lane for "Spruce" (Adj.)
Film critic Anthony Lane opens his review of "Fast & Furious 6" in this week's New Yorker by referring to the film's new name as spruce.
The first film, in 2001, was called "The Fast and the Furious," but the going has been so rough and so raw, over the years, that at some point the definite articles dropped off. I prefer the stripped-down version, and can't help wishing that the principle had been applied more freely in the past: "Bad & Beautiful," "Good, Bad & Ugly," "Remains of the Day." Spruce though the new name may be, however, is it true?
Spruce, meaning "neat, up to date, trim" is usually heard (at least in the US) in its verb form, "to make something neat or trim or to groom." The usage tracker on our Dictionary Definition page gives us this typical example:
But here, Lane uses spruce as an adjective, delighting his language-loving readers with a rare form of a familiar word. Why is spruce as a verb so common and spruce as an adjective relatively rare? Both link back to the Old French "Pruce," which came into English during the 14th century as a way to refer to all things Prussian, such as the leather, wood, and beer imported to England at that time. (Spruce as in "spruce tree" was born in the same linguistic moment, as those particular conifers were believed to be of Prussian origin.) In the Elizabethan era, an association with things "neat, trim, and up-to-date" attached itself to spruce, via the fashion among noblemen of wearing jerkins made from "spruce leather."
And then, as the UK-based website The Phrase Finder tells us, spruce expanded its scope yet again in the early 20th-century, as Americans began using the verb spruce to describe the spiffing-up of things beyond one's personal appearance, such as a living room or Apple's line of products. History buffs may recall Howard Hugh's World War II-era airplane prototype nicknamed the "Spruce Goose" due to its ground-breaking nature and wood-based design. This blending of spruce as "modern and up-to-date" and spruce as "tree" demonstrates that the word's adjectival form was still in ciruclation. Now, in the US at least, it feels almost as unfamiliar as the jerkins from which it derived.
Can you find any references to spruce as an adjective in your daily life and reading? Share them in a comment below. And be sure to let us know on which side of the Atlantic you head it!
WORD FAMILY
spruce: spruced, sprucely, spruceness, sprucer, spruces, sprucest, sprucing
USAGE EXAMPLES
The owner of the Spruce Hill Inn told the paper the venue was rented “under false pretenses” and he expected a small party.
Washington Times(Dec 31, 2016)
Ingalsbe owned a home in the Spruce Creek community, which surrounds the private airport.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
While a lot of local Christmas tree farms are open only on weekends, Oney’s is open daily, offering customers firs, pines and spruces.
Washington Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 衣着整洁的; 漂亮的
n. 针枞; 云杉; 云杉木; 灰绿色或墨绿色
vt. & vi. （把…）打扮得整洁漂亮; 把…收拾整洁; 打扮
时态：spruced, sprucing, spruces
分布：云杉(80%)，打扮(8%)，赤松(4%)，虎尾枞属的植物(2%)，外表俏丽的(2%)，打扮自己(2%)，干净的(2%)
→来自 Spruce,拼写变体自 Pruce,普鲁士，欧洲历史地名，德意志境内最强大的邦国，后统一了 德意志。该树因从普鲁士进口到英国而得名，是制作家具的优质木材，也是奢华的代名词。 因此，引申词义装饰，打扮。
noun countable or uncountable
■an evergreen (= never losing its leaves) tree with leaves like needles, or the wood from this tree which is a pale colour 云杉；云杉木
[spru:s] adjective approving
■(of a person) tidy and clean in appearance （人）整洁清爽的
• He looked spruce and handsome in a clean white shirt. 他穿着干净的白衬衫，显得清清爽爽，很是帅气。
[spru:s] verb
  Phrasal Verbs  [M] spruce sb/sth up informal
■to make someone or something cleaner and tidier or to improve the way they appear generally 把…收拾整洁；打扮
• [R] I thought I'd have a shave and generally spruce myself up for the interview. 我想我要刮一下胡子，穿戴整齐去面试。
• They've employed an advertising agency to spruce up the company image. 他们请了一家广告公司来打造公司的形象。
adj. 整洁的
 - neat, kempt
n. [木] [植] 云杉
 - Picea asperata, picea

Word: typology
Front: typology
[taɪˈpɒlədʒi] (16581/16863)
Vocabulary: typology
(once / 262652 pages)
n
Typology means classifying things according to specific types, such as dividing people into good and bad people.
You may have heard people say, "I know the type!" or "He's not my type." They're talking about the kind of person someone is — similarly, typology is a way of classifying and dividing people or things according to types. For example, you could talk about drivers in terms of cautious drivers, confident drivers, and careless drivers. Social scientists — especially anthropologists and psychologists — are the most likely to describe the way they classify things as typology.
WORD FAMILY
typology: typologies
USAGE EXAMPLES
Subjects to be covered include the typology of a youth firesetter, interviewing techniques, case studies and legal considerations.
Washington Times(Oct 30, 2016)
Was it this sort of typology that made you think there was more to these photos?
Time(Sep 19, 2016)
One also senses that beyond refers to something more radical: the idea of moving beyond typical architectural typologies, of comfortably accepted ways of living.
Wall Street Journal(Sep 01, 2016)
Back: n. <正>类型学; 象征主义，象征论
分布：类型学(79%)，象征论(13%)，预示论(8%)
→typo-,类型，-logy,学说。
类型学(typ+o+log学科+y→研究模式的学科)[typ=type,表示"模式,形状"]
N-COUNT
（尤指科学和社会科学领域的）类型学，分类法
A typology is a system for dividing things into different types, especially in science and the social sciences.
n. 类型学；血型学；象征主义；象征论
 - symbolism, iconology

Word: leery
Front: leery
[ˈlɪəri] (宝 16674/44603)
Vocabulary: leery
(once / 19472 pages)
adj
You can use the adjective leery to describe someone who's suspicious of a person or situation. After his brother came out with bald spots and uneven patches of buzz-cut hair, he was leery of having the same barber get near his own head.
Being leery is being distrustful. If you're leery, it will probably show on your face and in your posture. You may squint and wrinkle your brows or take a few steps back. If you're leery that someone won't keep a secret, you won't confide in them, and if you're leery about whether they'll keep a promise to you, you won't count on them. Sometimes people are leery because of some proof, but often, just having a bad feeling or instinct is enough to make a person leery.
WORD FAMILY
leery: leerier+/ leer: leered, leering, leers, leery /leering: leeringly
USAGE EXAMPLES
Paul was part of the negotiations then, and was leery of dealing with the same this time around.
Seattle Times(Dec 15, 2016)
They’ll be leery of any plans by Trump to cut the program.
Seattle Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Ullrich is not the only historian leery of comparing like for like.
The Guardian(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adj. 留神的; 猜疑的; 机敏的; 机警的
分布：有戒心的(47%)，机敏的(40%)，留神的(13%)
→来自leer,斜看，斜瞟，引申词义猜疑的，谨防的。
US ['lɪr.i] informal
adjective [after verb]
■not trusting of someone or something and usually avoiding them if possible; wary 不信任的；戒备的，防备的
• I've always been a bit leery of authority figures. 我对权威人物一直存有戒心。
adj. 机敏的；狡猾的；猜疑的；送秋波的
 - designing, knowing, subtle, astute

Word: legume
Front: legume
[ˈlegju:m] (托 16783/38273)
Vocabulary: legume
(once / 7415 pages)
n
A legume is not your regular type of fruit; it's more like a pod. Peas, beans, and peanuts are all examples of legumes.
A legume is a type of food that comes from a specific type of plant that is also called a legume. Legumes come from the family Leguminosae, and a trait all legumes share is that they grow in a type of pod. A bowl of pea soup is full of legumes, and so is a bag of peanuts. Lentils, soy, and clover are all legumes. Legumes are high in protein and not very fatty, so they are generally considered healthy.
WORD FAMILY
legume: legumes, leguminous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The roots of legumes host bacteria that replenish nitrogen levels.
BBC(Jan 01, 2017)
There are legumes and even grains in the mix as well, but vegetables are the most common focus.
Washington Post(Dec 15, 2016)
Even if the meat you buy is organic and the carbs are whole, fiber-rich grains or legumes, they need not rule the meal.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Back: n. 豆科植物，豆类蔬菜
分布：豆类(66%)，豆荚(34%)
→来自拉丁语legumen,豆科，来自legere,收集，词源同collect.因要把豆子用手择出来而得名。
['leg.ju:m] specialized
noun countable
■a plant that has its seeds in a pod, such as the bean or pea 荚豆
n. 豆类； [作物] 豆科植物；豆荚
 - leguminous plant, peapod

Word: fowl
Front: fowl
[faʊl] (六托 16675/14751 -1)
Vocabulary: fowl
(once / 465 pages)
nv
The noun fowl usually means domesticated birds kept for eating or producing eggs. If your friend brings you eggs from the chickens she keeps in her back yard, you can say that she has pet fowl.
Fowl comes from the Old English fugel, "bird," meant simply that — "bird." Today, fowl usually refers specifically to chickens or other kinds of domesticated birds that lay eggs or are raised to be eaten. Occasionally, fowl is used interchangeably with poultry, to mean the flesh of that same kind of bird when it's eaten; you could describe your family as being fond of pork, beef, and fowl.
WORD FAMILY
fowl: fowled, fowler, fowling, fowls+/fowler: fowlers
USAGE EXAMPLES
SAT Walk to learn about water fowl that migrate here, for ages 10 and older, 8 a.m.
Seattle Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The Perrons first raised Finn sheep along with guinea fowl and heritage turkeys.
Washington Times(Nov 29, 2016)
There were even carving manuals replete with illustrations for serving their favorite roasts, which were almost always wild fowl.
Salon(Nov 25, 2016)
Back: n. 鸡; 家禽
v. 捕鸟; 打鸟; 捕野禽
时态：fowled, fowling, fowls
分布：禽(87%)，禽肉(11%)，猎捕野禽(2%)
→来自fly的拼写异化。
noun countable or uncountable (plural fowl or fowls)
■a bird of a type that is used to produce meat or eggs 家禽
■old use
■any bird 鸟
⇒ See also waterfowl;wildfowl
n. [禽] 家禽；鸟；飞禽
 - bird, poultry

Word: assuage
Front: assuage
[əˈsweɪdʒ] (托宝 16696/19113)
Vocabulary: assuage
(once / 2941 pages)
v
If you assuage an unpleasant feeling, you make it go away. Assuaging your hunger by eating a bag of marshmallows may cause you other unpleasant feelings.
The most common things that we assuage are fears, concerns, guilt, grief, anxiety, and anger. That makes a lot of sense — these are all things we seek relief from. The word comes from Old French assouagier, from the Latin root suavis, "sweet" — think of adding a bit of honey to something unpleasant. A word with a similar meaning is mollify.
WORD FAMILY
assuage: assuaged, assuagement, assuages, assuaging+/assuagement: assuagements
USAGE EXAMPLES
A surplus of points did nothing to assuage angst about the playoff, then the playoff results only confirmed the prior nerves.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
She would stay up past midnight fielding their requests and, future permitting, assuaging their concerns.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
In the upcoming confirmation hearing, he’s likely to try to highlight his concern for civil rights to assuage concerns of his Democratic colleagues.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: vt. 减轻; 缓和; 平息; 使安静
n. 缓和，减轻; 减轻…的人
时态：assuaged, assuaging, assuages
分布：减轻(53%)，缓和(45%)，镇定(2%)
→前缀as- 同ad-. 词根suav, 甜，同sweet, persuade.
【记】1）suage甜－变甜－缓和，减轻2）ass帮助，age老人－帮助老人减轻痛苦
【参】suave（adj 温和的，讨好人的）
【反】gall（vt 使烦恼）；intensify（vt 加强，强化）；inflame（vt 激怒，使兴奋）；harrow（vt 使痛苦）；exacerbate（vt 恶化；激怒）
formal
verb transitive
■to make unpleasant feelings less strong 缓和；减轻；平息
• The government has tried to assuage the public's fears. 政府努力消除公众的恐慌。
vt. 平息；缓和；减轻
 - relax, moderate

Word: begging
Front: begging
['beɡɪŋ] (16801/19675)
Back: v. 乞讨( beg的现在分词 ); 乞求; 请求; （狗蹲坐在后腿上将前爪抬起）等食物
分布：乞求(65%)，请求(33%)，动词beg的现在分词.(2%)
VERB
请求；恳求；恳请
If you beg someone to do something, you ask them very anxiously or eagerly to do it.
例：I begged him to come back to England with me...我恳求他和我一起回英格兰。
例：I begged to be allowed to leave...我请求允许我离开。
VERB
乞讨；乞求施舍
If someone who is poor is begging, they are asking people to give them food or money.
例：I was surrounded by people begging for food...我被一群讨饭的围住了。
例：There are thousands like him in Los Angeles, begging on the streets and sleeping rough...洛杉矶有数以千计像他这样的人，沿街乞讨，露宿街头。
PHRASE
恕难苟同；斗胆唱反调
You say 'I beg to differ' when you are politely emphasizing that you disagree with someone.
PHRASE
没人要；没人用
If you say that something is going begging, you mean that it is available but no one is using it or accepting it.
例：There is other housing going begging in town.城里还有些住宅无人问津。
PHRASE
引起疑问，使人想问（一些人认为此用法不正确）
If you say that something begs a particular question, you mean that it makes people want to ask that question; some people consider that this use is incorrect.
例：Hopewell's success begs the question: why aren't more companies doing the same?霍普韦尔的成功让人不禁要问：为什么其他公司不效仿呢？
PHRASE
（认为问题已获解决而）绕过问题
If you say that something begs a particular question, you mean that it assumes that the question has already been answered and so does not deal with it.
例：The research begs a number of questions.研究绕过了一些问题。
v. 乞讨，乞求；行乞（beg的现在分词形式）
 - crying
n. 乞讨
 - mendicancy

Word: audacity
Front: audacity
[ɔ:ˈdæsəti] (16694/18780)
Vocabulary: audacity
(once / 572 pages)
n
If you have audacity then you're one daring — and perhaps reckless — character. Running a red light with three previous tickets under your belt certainly shows audacity. And stupidity.
The noun audacity developed from the Latin word audacitas, which means “boldness." So someone who shows audacity makes bold moves — and isn't afraid of the consequences. Audacity can be admired or frowned upon, depending how far it's taken and how it rears its head. But as former British Prime Minister and novelist Benjamin Disraeli once said, “Success is the child of audacity.”
WORD FAMILY
audacity: audacious, audacities+/ audacious: audaciously, audaciousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
But even these relatively simple moments are transformed and complicated by the sheer audacity of Larraín’s stylistic conceits.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Obama’s 2015 financial disclosure lists earnings from two books written before he was president, “Dreams From My Father” and “The Audacity of Hope.”
Seattle Times(Dec 09, 2016)
The opening number, “Another Day of Sun,” sets a high bar for ambition and audacity.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. 大胆; 鲁莽; 胆大妄为; 鲁莽行为
分布：大胆(74%)，厚颜(26%)
大胆(auda大胆)[-acity表名词"有…倾向"]
US [ɑ:'dæs.ə.ti] noun uncountable
■bravery or confidence of a kind that other people find shocking or rude 大胆；勇气
• [+ to infinitive] It took a lot of audacity to stand up and criticize the chairman. 站出来批评董事长需要很大的勇气。
• disapproving He had the audacity to blame me for his mistake! 他竟然把他自己的错误怪到我头上，真是厚颜无耻。
n. 大胆；厚颜无耻
 - boldness, hardiness

Word: clamor
Front: clamor
['klæmə] (托宝 12008/-)
Vocabulary: clamor
(once / 719 pages)
vn
To clamor is to make a demand — LOUDLY. It's usually a group that clamors — like Americans might clamor for comprehensive health care coverage.
The noun clamor is often used specifically to describe a noisy outcry from a group of people, but more generally, the word means any loud, harsh sound. You could describe the clamor of sirens in the night or the clamor of the approaching subway in the tunnel.
WORD FAMILY
clamor: clamored, clamoring, clamorous, clamors+/clamoring: clamorings/ clamorous: clamorously
USAGE EXAMPLES
With new streaming video features, all the major social networks are clamoring to become the television network in your pocket.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
“The industry is not clamoring to get into these places. Any return on investment is decades away.”
Washington Times(Dec 20, 2016)
“Its product is something people clamor for,” he said.
Washington Times(Dec 18, 2016)
Back: n. 喧哗声，喧闹; 大声的要求或抗议
vi. 喧哗，吵闹; 大声地要求或抗议
时态：clamored, clamoring, clamors
分布：喧嚷(55%)，大声的要求(30%)，大声要求(15%)
喧哗;吵闹(clam+or表名词)[claim,clam=cyrout,shout,表示"呼喊,叫喊"]
【记】clam喊。参：claim要求
【参】proclamation（n 宣言）；reclaim（v 回收，开垦）；clamorous（adj 吵闹的，喧哗的）＝noisy＝vociferous
n. 喧闹，叫嚷；大声的要求
 - rumpus, whoop-up

Word: arterial
Front: arterial
[ɑ:'tɪərɪəl] (16760/13132)
Back: adj. 动脉的，似动脉的
分布：动脉的(83%)，动脉状的(17%)
ADJ
动脉的
Arterial means involving or relating to your arteries and the movement of blood through your body.
例：...people with arterial disease.动脉疾病患者
ADJ
（道路或铁路）干线的，主干的
An arterial road or railway is a main road or railway within a complex road or railway system.
例：...one of the main arterial roads through the city.该城市的主干道之一
adj. [解剖] 动脉的； [交] [公路] 干线的；像动脉的
 - trunk

Word: ajar
Front: ajar
[əˈdʒɑ:(r)] (托 16792/21238)
Vocabulary: ajar
(once / 2565 pages)
adj
The adjective ajar describes something that is slightly open. A door that has been left ajar is easily pushed open by the wind or a nosy person.
To correctly pronounce ajar, say "uh-JAR." People in a hurry leave drawers and cabinet doors ajar, or hanging open. If a chime starts ringing when you start a car, a door or the trunk may be ajar. Check that everything is securely closed before taking off. But don't describe a mouth that is open in surprise as ajar. A better word choice is agape.
WORD FAMILY
ajar
USAGE EXAMPLES
The next morning, the same neighbor noticed the gate was still ajar and the front door wide open.
Seattle Times(Nov 30, 2016)
“The door is ajar for the first time,” says Stephen Hauser, a neurologist at the University of California, San Francisco.
Nature(Nov 29, 2016)
Papa was in the bathroom, with the door ajar.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 半开着的
adv. 微开着; 不协调地; 不和谐地
分布：半开的(33%)，微开的(31%)，微开地(18%)，半开地(18%)
→来自短语on char. char, 转，同chore, 家务杂事（像陀螺一样干不完）。
US [-'dʒɑ:r] adjective [after verb]
■describes a door that is slightly open （门）微开的，半开的
• We left the door ajar so that we could hear what they were saying. 我们把门留了一条缝，这样就能听见他们说些甚么。
adj. 半开的；微开的；不和谐的
 - semi-open, discordant
adv. 半开地；微开地；不协调地
 - agee

Word: perplexing
Front: perplexing
[pə'pleksɪŋ] (托 16689/19448)
Vocabulary: perplexing
(once / 2021 pages)
adj
The adjective perplexing describes something it is confusing. Before you're fluent in Arabic, you may find the unfamiliar alphabet to be totally perplexing.
The Latin root of perplexing is perplexus, which means involved, confused, or intricate. This root is also found in the verb perplex, or confuse. Problems are often described as perplexing, especially when several attempts to solve them are unsuccessful. You may have a perplexing decision to make, like where to go to college or whether to stay friends with a fun person who has disappointed you in some way.
WORD FAMILY
perplexing: perplexingly+/ perplex: perplexed, perplexes, perplexing / perplexed: perplexedly, perplexity, unperplexed/ perplexity: perplexities
USAGE EXAMPLES
A Casebook of Ingenious, Perplexing and Totally Satisfying Puzzles is available from the Guardian Bookshop and other retailers.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
INCONSISTENCIES: Both teams were perplexingly inconsistent this season.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
What’s even more perplexing is the commissioners still want anyone who wants to install a solar farm to undergo a public hearing.
Washington Times(Dec 07, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人困惑的，令人费解的
v. 使迷惑，使混乱( perplex的现在分词 )
分布：使人困惑的(60%)，麻烦复杂的(40%)
ADJ-GRADED
令人不解的；不知道如何处置的
If you find something perplexing, you do not understand it or do not know how to deal with it.
例：It took years to understand many perplexing diseases...许多疑难病症要耗时数年才能搞明白。
例：British Parliamentary procedure is perplexing at the best of times.即使在最好情况下，英国议会的程序也很费解。
adj. 复杂的，令人费解的；令人困惑的
 - complicated, sophisticated, involved, detailed, intricate

Word: geriatric
Front: geriatric
[ˌdʒeriˈætrɪk] (16808/14911 -1)
Vocabulary: geriatric
(once / 20556 pages)
adj
Use the adjective geriatric to describe something that has to do with elderly people. The geriatric ward of a hospital is specifically designated for elderly patients. You can bet they have some pretty lively bingo nights there.
Geriatric often describes something related to the medical care of elderly people, like a geriatric hospital. When it’s used outside of a health care context, it takes on a sense of “feeble” or “decrepit.” It can be humorous if you use it about someone or something that's not actually old, like a group of middle-aged people calling their weekly cocktail gatherings the “geriatric club.” But if you call your grandparents’ golf buddies the “geriatric club,” they’d probably be offended.
WORD FAMILY
geriatric: geriatrician, geriatrics +/geriatrician: geriatricians
USAGE EXAMPLES
“They invest more in their remaining connections,” said Gary Kennedy, director of geriatric psychiatry at Montefiore Medical Center.
New York Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Nearly one-third of people age 51 and older experience fatigue, according to a 2010 study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Older people are no more likely than younger ones to be depressed, says Robert Roca, chairman of the American Psychiatric Association’s Council on Geriatric Psychiatry.
Washington Post(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adj. 老年医学的，老年病学的; 老人的，老年的
n. 衰老老人，老年人; 老年病人
分布：老年医学的(47%)，衰老老人(30%)，老人的(23%)
→geri-, 老人，老年。-atric, 治疗，见psychiatric.
adjective
■for or relating to old people, especially those who are ill 老年人的，老年的；（尤指）老年病学的，老年医学的
• a geriatric hospital/ward/nurse 老年人医院／病房／护士
■informal disapproving
■old and weak 年老体弱的，老朽的
• Who's going to elect a geriatric President? 谁会选一个老朽当总统？
adj. 老人的；老年医学的
 - nostologic

Word: selfless
Front: selfless
[ˈselfləs] (16709/19774 -1)
Vocabulary: selfless
(once / 7129 pages)
adj
When you're being selfless, you're thinking of other people before yourself. Selfless is the opposite of selfish.
If you're selfless, you think less about your self, and more about others — you're generous and kind. Being selfless is similar to being altruistic — another word for giving to others without looking for personal gain. If you give time, money, or things to other people without expecting something in return, that's selfless. Most people would agree that the world would be a better place if there were more selfless behavior.
WORD FAMILY
selfless: selflessly, selflessness+/self: self-colored, selfish, selfless, selfs, selves/ selfish: selfisher, selfishest, selfishly, selfishness, unselfish/selfishness: selfishnesses/unselfish: unselfisher, unselfishly, unselfishness/unselfishness: unselfishnesses
USAGE EXAMPLES
His skills will be missed by a country that would be well-served if more people followed his selfless example.
Washington Post(Dec 29, 2016)
So Trump can’t get his due for this selfless action.
Salon(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Trump, in the announcement, described Mr. Viola as “incredibly accomplished and selfless.”
New York Times(Dec 19, 2016)
Back: adj. 无私的，忘我的; 大公无私; 公而忘私
分布：无私的(93%)，不考虑自己的(7%)
→self-,自己的，自身的，-less,无，没有。
adjective approving
■Someone who is selfless only thinks of other people's advantage 无私的
• selfless devotion to duty 对职责的无私奉献
adj. 无私的；不考虑自己的
 - unselfish, egoless

Word: lasagna
Front: lasagna
[lə'zɑ:njə] (16791/-)
Back: n. 烤宽面条（上浇肉末番茄汁）
分布：名词(100%)

Word: bulldoze
Front: bulldoze
[ˈbʊldəʊz] (16695/20688)
Back: vt. 强迫（某人做某事）(-sb +into doing sth); （用推土机）推倒; 铲平; （使）强行通过
时态：bulldozed, bulldozing, bulldozes
分布：威胁(44%)，强迫(28%)，强力推动某物(14%)，毁坏(14%)
→bull, 牛。doze, 给予，见donate，捐赠，给予。即给不听话的牛一顿打。
US [-doʊz] verb transitive
■to destroy buildings and make an area flat with a bulldozer （用推土机）推平，铲平
• The township was bulldozed (flat) in the 1950s. 这个小镇在20世纪50年代被夷为平地。
■to force someone to do something, although they might not want to 强迫（某人做某事）
• She bulldozed her daughter into buying a new dress. 她逼着她的女儿去买条新裙子。
vt. 强迫；恫吓；用推土机清除
 - force, enforce

Word: anorexia
Front: anorexia
[ˌænəˈreksiə] (宝 16765/13171 -1)
Vocabulary: anorexia
(once / 33015 pages)
n
Anorexia is a serious medical disorder in which someone has no appetite, and so doesn't eat. If someone you know becomes so thin that it alarms you, they might have anorexia.
Anorexia means "no appetite" in Greek. The full name of the medical disorder is anorexia nervosa, a very serious problem that causes people to starve themselves as the result of an emotional disturbance rather than a problem with food or digestion, or simply not being hungry.
WORD FAMILY
anorexia: anorectic+/anorectic: anorectics/ anorexic: anorexia, anorexically, anorexics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, poor balance, anorexia and aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, trouble with balance and anorexia, as well as aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Eating-disorder caregivers and advocates welcome Marathe’s help in shattering the myth that anorexia afflicts only well-to-do white girls and women.
New York Times(Dec 13, 2016)
Back: n. 厌食症; 厌食; 食欲缺乏; 胃呆
分布：厌食症(100%)
→前缀an-, 无，没有。-orex, 同reach. 没兴趣伸手的，厌食的。
【记】1）an非，无，orex＝orexis食欲，ia病－无食欲的病－厌食症2）a一个，no不，re拼：热，xia病－一个不热的病－厌食症很easy！因为不吃食物就不能摄入卡路里，就不能产生热量。
N-UNCOUNT
食欲缺乏；厌食（症）
Anorexia or anorexia nervosa is an illness in which a person has an overwhelming fear of becoming fat, and so refuses to eat enough and becomes thinner and thinner.
n. [内科] 厌食；神经性厌食症
 - asitia

Word: movable
Front: movable
[ˈmu:vəbl] (16818/18793)
Back: adj. 活动的，可移动的; 动产的
n. 动产; 可移动的东西; 动产[通常用复数] [亦作moveable
分布：动产(66%)，动产的(13%)，可动的(12%)，家具(6%)，不定的(3%)
→来自move,移动。引申词义动产。
(also moveable) ['mu:.və.bl] adjective
■able to be moved 可移动的，活动的
• a chair with movable armrests 带有活动扶手的椅子
moving, movable, mobile
moving: （正在）移动的；动人的；
movable: 可（被）移动的，能移动的
mobile: （自由）移动、变动（位置或地点）的；
adj. 动产的；可移动的；不固定的
 - fluid, removable
n. 动产；可移动的东西
 - goods, personalty

Word: patronizing
Front: patronizing
[ˈpætrənaɪzɪŋ] (托 16705/20982 -1)
Vocabulary: patronizing
(once / 3618 pages)
adj
If you are patronizing, you tend to speak down to others, acting as though you are smarter, classier, or just plain better than anyone else. For the record, your snobby attitude is not impressing anyone.
A "patron" is someone who subsidizes or finances another person or organization — usually an artist or charitable institution. So the word patronizing stems from this idea of someone bestowing money or help on another. Today, the sense of condescension is strongly attached to the adjective, while the word "patron" is still a positive description of someone who gives.
WORD FAMILY
patronizing: patronizingly+/ patron: patroness, patronise, patronize, patronless, patrons/patroness: patronesses/patronise: patronised, patronises, patronising/patronised: unpatronised/ patronize: patronized, patronizes, patronizing /patronized: unpatronized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Shoppers patronizing the stores, cafes or public gardens inside must endure layers of security screening.
Washington Post(Dec 12, 2016)
Amaka smiled into the mirror, a thin, patronizing smile that seemed to say I should not have bothered lying to her.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
As usual, the president seems to have adopted a patronizing attitude toward those hurt badly by his initiatives.
Washington Times(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 自命为恩人的; 屈尊俯就的; 要人领情的; 傲慢的
vt. 屈尊俯就(patronize的现在分词)
分布：以恩人自居的(60%)，动词patronize的现在分词形式.(20%)，居高临下的(20%)
US ['peɪ.trən-/ UK ['pæt.rən-] adjective
■speaking or behaving towards someone as if they are stupid or not important 屈尊俯就的；自以为高人一等的
• It's that patronizing tone of hers that I can't bear. 我受不了的正是她那屈尊俯就的语气。

Word: smashing
Front: smashing
[ˈsmæʃɪŋ] (16699/14905)
Back: adj. 极好的; 粉碎的; 惨重的; 活泼的
adv. 极好地
v. 打碎; 捣毁; 重击; 撞毁（车辆）
分布：了不起的(68%)，粉碎性的(18%)，动词smash的现在分词形式.(7%)，十分愉快的(7%)
UK old-fashioned
adjective
■extremely good, attractive, enjoyable or pleasant 极好的，非常迷人的，令人愉悦的
• There's a smashing view from her office. 她的办公室窗外景色极佳。
• Jonathan would make a smashing dad. 乔纳森将是一位很好的父亲。
• He looks smashing in his dinner suit. 他身着晚礼服显得十分迷人。
adj. 了不起的，极好的；粉碎性的，猛烈的
 - wonderful, excellent, famous, fierce, super
v. 粉碎（smash的现在分词）
 - fracturing

Word: ether
Front: ether
[ˈi:θə(r)] (16825/16313)
Vocabulary: ether
(once / 703 pages)
1n 2n
Ether is a chemical that used to be a common anesthetic that you inhaled before undergoing surgery. In most countries, doctors have replaced it with less flammable, safer drugs.
The chemical ether is a colorless liquid that's still used as an anesthetic in some developing countries and as an industrial solvent. The Latin root is aether, which means "the upper pure, bright air". Ether was originally a scientific term for what 19th century physicists called "the fifth element," a substance that was said to fill all space and make up all bodies. In modern times, ether has come to be a literary term that refers to the sky.
WORD FAMILY
ether: ethereal, etherise, etherize, ethers+/ ethereal: etherealize, ethereally, etherialise/etherealize: etherealized, etherealizes, etherealizing/etherialise: etherialised/etherise: etherised/etherize: etherized, etherizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
She lives on, unchallenged, in the cultural ether.
Seattle Times(Dec 18, 2016)
He fell backward, with his forward progress somewhere in the ether.
Washington Post(Nov 27, 2016)
“The music stirringly navigates the ether between heaven and earth,” Post critic Peter Marks wrote when the show premiered.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Back: n. <化>醚; the ether 苍穹; 苍天; 太空
分布：醚(90%)，以太(8%)，太空(2%)
→来自aidh, 燃烧，词源同edifice, ardor. 原来指纯火燃烧之地，最高天，苍穹。后用来指乙醚，因其轻而得名。参照empyrean.
US [-θɚ] noun
MEDICAL 医学的
uncountable
■a colourless liquid used, especially in the past, as an anaesthetic to make people sleep before a medical operation （尤指旧时用于麻醉的）醚，乙醚
UK ['i:.θər] US [-θɚ] noun
SKY 天空
the ether (also the aether) only singular old use
■the clear sky; the upper air, or the airwaves 苍穹，太空；无线电波
n. [药] 乙醚； [有化] 以太；苍天；天空醚
 - aether, expanse

Word: malevolent
Front: malevolent
[məˈlevələnt] (托宝 16691/16112 -1)
Vocabulary: malevolent
(once / 2360 pages)
adj
If someone is malevolent, they wish evil on others. If you find yourself approaching someone with a malevolent look in her eye, best to run the other way.
Malevolent comes from the Latin word malevolens, which means "ill-disposed, spiteful"; its opposite is benevolent, which means "wishing good things for others." A malevolent person might display satisfaction at someone else's problems. But it's not only individuals who can be malevolent. If you think that television violence influences viewers to violence, you see television as a malevolent force. The stress is on the second syllable: muh-LEV-uh-lent.
WORD FAMILY
malevolent: malevolence, malevolency, malevolently+/ malevolence: malevolences
USAGE EXAMPLES
“His actors unfold the drama in their very appearances and, as the chic and malevolent plot thickens, so do their various attitudes.”
New York Times(Jan 03, 2017)
And then there’s “malevolent resistance . . . when the devil inspires nasty intentions often dressed as lambs.”
Washington Post(Dec 22, 2016)
This in turn will, Irons explains, allow his malevolent mastermind to eradicate free will and thereby cure humanity’s penchant for violence.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 恶毒的; 心肠坏的; 幸灾乐祸的; 凶狠
分布：恶毒的(75%)，有恶意的(25%)
→mal-,坏的，不良的，-vol,意愿，词源同vill,voluntary.
恶意的(male+vol意志+ent→坏意志)[mal-表示"坏,恶"(亦作male)]
善恶的(male坏+vol+ent→坏意→恶意的)[vod,otunt=wish,will,表示"意志,意愿"]
adjective literary
■causing or wanting to cause harm or evil 恶意的；恶毒的；有害的
• The central character is a malevolent witch out for revenge. 主角是一个想复仇的恶毒女巫。
• I could feel his malevolent gaze as I walked away. 我走开时感觉到他正恶狠狠地盯着我。
adj. 恶毒的；有恶意的；坏心肠的
 - vicious, poisonous

Word: seamlessly
Front: seamlessly
['si:mlisli] (16660/33506)
Back: adv. 无空隙地; 无停顿地
分布：无缝的(98%)，持续的(2%)
ADJ
无缝的;无停顿的;衔接完美的
You use seamless to describe something that has no breaks or gaps in it or which continues without stopping.
例：It was a seamless procession of wonderful electronic music.这是一曲优美流畅的电子乐曲。
例：...the seamless blue sky.一望无际的蓝天

Word: catechism
Front: catechism
[ˈkætəkɪzəm] (16819/21058)
Vocabulary: catechism
(once / 1309 pages)
n
A catechism is a series of questions and answers. Catholic children study a catechism as part of their religious education; it outlines the principal tenets of their faith.
If you're looking to understand the Christian faith, the catechism is a good place to begin. It outlines people's relationship to God, man's need for God, and the importance of the scriptures and the principles of the faith. It is meant to be digested over time, though children used to commit portions of it to memory.
WORD FAMILY
catechism: catechise, catechismal, catechisms, catechist, catechistic, catechize+/catechise: catechised, catechises, catechising/catechist: catechists/catechistic: catechistically/catechize: catechized, catechizes, catechizing
USAGE EXAMPLES
“The Catechism of the Catholic Church” holds that the “use of arms must not produce evils and disorders greater than the evil to be eliminated.”
Wall Street Journal(Dec 26, 2016)
Hasn’t Trump shown himself to be hostile to free trade, a central aspect of the Reagan catechism?
The Guardian(Dec 04, 2016)
When he was ten, he had missed two questions on his catechism test and was not named the best in his First Holy Communion class.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: n. 教义问答（手册）; 一系列提问
分布：教义问答手册(50%)，问答形式的教授法(50%)
→cata-, 向下，相对。-ech, 同echo, 回声。用于宗教术语，指应和，对答。
【记】cat猫，chi拼：吃－问：猫吃什么？答：耶稣吃什么，它吃什么－教义问答集cat，ech爱吃，is是，（什）么m？猫爱吃什么？－教义问答集
US ['kætˌ-] noun countable usually singular
■a group of questions and answers, especially about a set of Christian beliefs （尤指基督教的）教义问答

Word: thank-you
Front: thank-you
['θ,kjʊ] None
Back: n. 谢谢，感谢[亦作 thanks]
adj. 感谢的
分布：感谢的表示(100%)
n. 感谢
 - appreciation, acknowledgment

Word: heft
Front: heft
[heft] (16811/36581)
Vocabulary: heft
(once / 2282 pages)
nv
Heft is the bulk or weight of a person or thing. You might shift the heft of that huge bag of dog food you just bought over to your left arm while you use your right hand to open the door.
The heft of your big suitcase might make you question the wisdom of packing so many books. You can use heft as a verb, too — you could move the books into your backpack and then heft it back onto your shoulder. Heft comes from the verb heave, "lift with effort," modeled on verb/noun combinations like "thieve" and "theft" or "weave" and "weft."
WORD FAMILY
heft: hefted, hefting, hefts, hefty +/ hefty: heftier, heftiest, heftily, heftiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Benedict Cumberbatch’s capable hands, the magical man of mystery transcends his comic-book roots and becomes a character with plenty of genuine dramatic heft.
Seattle Times(Dec 29, 2016)
And it wasn’t treated with sufficient heft by the media, especially cable television.
Time(Dec 19, 2016)
The Nobel Prize, for all its momentous heft will never outweigh Dylan’s true accomplishment.
Time(Dec 10, 2016)
Back: n. 重量，体积
vt. 举…以掂重量; 举起
时态：hefted, hefting, hefts
分布：分量(37%)，重量(22%)，重要性(21%)，举起(10%)，举起试重量(10%)
→来自heave的古过去分词，后词性由形容词变为做名词。
verb transitive usually + adverb or preposition
■to lift, hold or carry something heavy using your hands 举起；抬起；抱起
• I watched him heft the heavy sack onto his shoulder. 我看着他把那个沉重的袋子扛到肩上。
n. 重量；重要性
 - weight, significance, stress, consequence, ponderance
vt. 举起；举起试重量
 - lift up, hold up

Word: meth
Front: meth
[meθ] (16881/36125)
Back: n. <美俚>甲安菲他明（一种兴奋剂）
分布：=methamphetamine(100%)

Word: longitude
Front: longitude
[ˈlɒŋgɪtju:d] (研六托雅 16823/25761)
Vocabulary: longitude
(once / 733 pages)
n
In geography, longitude refers to the imaginary lines that bisect the globe through the North and South Poles (the ones that run vertically, as opposed to the lines of latitude that run horizontally, parallel to the equator).
If you state your exact longitude, you are describing how far east or west you are of the Prime Meridian, the imaginary line of longitude which runs through Greenwich, England. When you add your latitude, anyone with a map can pinpoint exactly where you are in the world. If you're standing at a latitude of 40°41.3'N and a longitude of 74°02.7'W, for example, you are at the Statue of Liberty.
WORD FAMILY
longitude: longitudes, longitudinal +/ longitudinal: longitudinally
USAGE EXAMPLES
“This is not really what they’re going to take away from me,” she said, pointing to the chapter about longitude and latitude.
Washington Times(Nov 20, 2016)
The “up” and “down” do not refer to north and south but to the westerly latitude/longitude coordinates.
New York Times(Nov 14, 2016)
The Longitude, with a 3,500-nautical-mile range, is due to be certified next year.
Reuters(Oct 31, 2016)
Back: n. 经度，经线; [天]黄经
分布：经度(100%)
→来自long,长的。即长度，用于地理经度，比较latitude.
经线(long+itude状态)[long,leng表示"长"]
精度(long长)[-itude表名词"性质,状态等"]
n.经度Prolong the sponge along the longitude and latitude at an altitude.沿着经度和纬度在一高度延长海绵.
US ['lɑ:n.dʒə.tu:d] (written abbreviation long)
noun countable or uncountable
■the distance of a place east or west of an imaginary line from the top to the bottom of the Earth, measured in degrees 经度 Compare latitude
n. [地理] 经度；经线
 - lon, shute

Word: glossary
Front: glossary
[ˈglɒsəri] (六托雅宝 16773/16150)
Vocabulary: glossary
(once / 3525 pages)
n
A glossary is a dictionary of terms specific to a certain subject. A biology textbook might have a glossary in the back, so you can quickly look up all those technical words.
Many fields of study use terms that are pretty much restricted to that field of study, so authors often supply a glossary to help people understand what they're talking about. The glossary is often found at the end of a book or article and is usually in alphabetical order. A glossary can also come at the end of a chapter or even in footnotes. If you're just joining the world of Dungeons and Dragons, I recommend you look over the glossary, so you can get a sense of what your fellow gamers are talking about.
WORD FAMILY
glossary: glossaries, glossarist+/glossarist: glossarists
USAGE EXAMPLES
A glossary allows children to look up the definitions of unfamiliar words.
New York Times(Dec 28, 2016)
The new glossary includes dozens of terms for malfeasance, but also a few other terms.
The Guardian(Nov 07, 2016)
After the recipes, Duguid provides pages of travel notes, a note on wines and a pretty cool glossary: the cookbook as Lonely Planet guide.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 04, 2016)
Back: n. （书尾的）词汇表，难词汇编
分布：词汇表(91%)，术语汇编(9%)
→来自拉丁语glossa, 舌头，外来词，注释。-ary, 集合名词后缀。比较tongue, language.
难词表(gloss+ary表名词)[gloss,glot=tongue表示"舌头",引申为"词语"]
难词表(gloss舌头;词语)[-ary 1.表形容词"…的"2.表名词"人,场所,物"]
【记】gloss（v /n 注释），ary－术语表g，loss，ary：对在你的脑中loss丢失的词汇进行解释－难词表
【参】glossal（adj 舌的）；glossography（n 注释写作）
US ['glɑ:.sɚ-] noun countable
■an alphabetical list, with meanings, of the words or phrases in a text that are difficult to understand 词汇表；难词汇编
• a glossary of technical terms 术语汇编

Word: scrawny
Front: scrawny
[ˈskrɔ:ni] (16827/24581)
Vocabulary: scrawny
(once / 11773 pages)
adj
Scrawny is an insulting way to describe someone who's very thin and weak. You might be surprised by how lifting weights transformed your scrawny teammate to a muscular athlete by the end of the season.
The adjective scrawny can describe a small, underweight body but it can also describe anything that's not very big or well-made — a scrawny tree that never gets any taller or fuller or a scrawny audience that disappoints the band because they were expecting a sold-out concert. Scrawny may have come from the Old Norse word skraelna, to shrivel.
WORD FAMILY
scrawny: scrawnier, scrawniest, scrawniness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Lucas laughed as he recalled how scrawny Morris was as a child, particularly compared with his big brother.
Washington Post(Dec 30, 2016)
A veal rib chop was a little scrawny, however.
Seattle Times(Dec 22, 2016)
“You want how much for this scrawny thing?”
Los Angeles Times(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: adj. 瘦的，皮包骨的
级别：scrawnier, scrawniest
分布：骨瘦如柴的(68%)，瘦的(32%)
→拼写变体自方言词 scranny,薄的，瘦的，词源可能同 scraggy,皮包骨的，骨瘦如柴的。
US ['skrɑ:-] adjective
■unpleasantly thin, often with bones showing 瘦骨嶙峋的，皮包骨的
• He came home after three months at college looking terribly scrawny. 他在大学里呆了三个月后回到家里，样子瘦得可怕。
adj. 骨瘦如柴的
 - dry-boned, flesh-fallen

Word: distasteful
Front: distasteful
[dɪsˈteɪstfl] (托 16735/13910)
Vocabulary: distasteful
(once / 1727 pages)
adj
Things that you find disagreeable or unpleasant are distasteful. A distasteful movie might disturb you so much that you leave the theater before it's over.
While certain kinds of food might be distasteful to you — overcooked vegetables, for example — you can find non-edible things just as distasteful, despite the taste within the word. This adjective uses the sense of taste that means "preference" or "tendency to like something," along with the prefix dis-, "not" or "the opposite of." You can, for example, find things like greed and cruelty to be just as distasteful as overcooked broccoli.
WORD FAMILY
distasteful: distastefully, distastefulness+/ distaste: distastes/foretaste: foretastes/taste: distaste, foretaste, tasted, tasteful, tasteless, taster, tastes, tasting, tasty /tasted: untasted/tasteful: distasteful, tastefully, tastefulness/tasteless: tastelessly, tastelessness/taster: tasters/tasting: tastings/ tasty: tastier, tastiest, tastily, tastiness
USAGE EXAMPLES
On Tuesday, the “Girls” star apologized on Instagram for what she called “a distasteful joke.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It’s hard to picture the Rams, who just fired coach Jeff Fisher following an equally distasteful loss to Atlanta, getting in Seattle’s way.
Washington Times(Dec 14, 2016)
I found the celebrating of his death distasteful.
The Guardian(Nov 29, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人不愉快的; 讨厌的; 不合口味的; 表示厌恶的
分布：讨厌的(40%)，不合意的(27%)，令人反感的(20%)，味道差的(13%)
ADJ-GRADED
使人不愉快的;令人反感的;讨厌的
If something is distasteful to you, you think it is unpleasant, disgusting, or immoral.
例：He found it distasteful to be offered drinks before witnessing the execution.他觉得在目睹行刑前还要上酒让人很不舒服。
adj. 令人不快的；不合口味的；表示厌恶的
 - painful, unfavorable

Word: ruse
Front: ruse
[ru:z] (宝 16717/18705 -1)
Vocabulary: ruse
(once / 2815 pages)
n
Movie bank robbers always seem to pull some kind of ruse, a deceptive trick or tactic like hiding the money underneath the bank while they drive off in the getaway car to avoid capture by the police.
You'd use a ruse if you were up to something sneaky and were trying to get away with it without being discovered. The wife planning a surprise birthday party for her husband could send him out to the supermarket as a ruse, a trick so she could sneak one hundred of his closest friends into the house without him noticing.
WORD FAMILY
ruse: ruses
USAGE EXAMPLES
The pretext was to bomb the Islamic State; it was a ruse.
The New Yorker(Dec 30, 2016)
The ruse was revealed in an article that appeared in The Stranger newspaper.
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
A well-constructed Russian maskirovka ruse, like a good Russian play, typically builds an underlying narrative before introducing the plot twist.
New York Times(Oct 12, 2016)
Back: n. 诡计; 策略，计策
分布：策略(68%)，谋略(16%)，诈术(16%)
→来自古法语 ruse,诡计，恶做剧，来自 reuser,躲避，逃避，欺骗，词源同 rouse.
【记】ru入，se色：只有用诡计才能使你进入色情的状态。
noun countable
■a trick intended to deceive someone 诡计；计策
n. 策略，计策；诡计
 - strategy, device, scheme, fraud

Word: fibrous
Front: fibrous
[ˈfaɪbrəs] (16790/21250)
Vocabulary: fibrous
(once / 3973 pages)
adj
Something that's fibrous is coarse and stringy, like thick yarn or twine. Some baskets are made of woven and twisted fibrous branches.
Fibrous things look like the fibers that are braided or twisted together to make a length of rope or jute. Many tree roots are fibrous, as are many vines and branches. A complicated hairdo may look like it's made of fibrous cords of hair. When you're eating something fibrous, it's hard to chew, like a chunk of fibrous meat in your stew or a fibrous broccoli stalk in your stir-fry. Fibrous comes from the Latin fibra, "fiber or filament."
WORD FAMILY
fibrous: fibrosity, fibrously, fibrousness+/ fiber: fibers, fibrous
USAGE EXAMPLES
In addition to fibrous foods, confiscated narcotics and “anything counterfeit” — like fake Viagra, he said — is incinerated.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Watching the Man head into the forest to yank up some kind of tough, fibrous plant, you wonder: What’s he going to do with that?
New York Times(Dec 01, 2016)
The slippery, light green leaves had fibrous stalks that did not become tender from cooking and so had to be carefully plucked out.
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Purple Hibiscus(2003)
Back: adj. 含纤维的，纤维性的
分布：纤维的(75%)，纤维性的(25%)
adjective
THREAD 线
■made of fibres, or like fibre 纤维构成的；纤维状的
['faɪ.brəs] adjective
FOOD 食物的
■Food which is fibrous contains fibre. 含纤维素的
adj. 纤维的，纤维性的；纤维状的
 - stringy, filiform

Word: artfully
Front: artfully
['ɑ:tfəlɪ] (16725/32653)
Back: adv. 有技巧地; 熟练地; 巧妙地; 机灵地
分布：狡诈地(52%)，艺术地(16%)，有技巧地(16%)，熟练地(16%)
ADJ-GRADED
狡猾的；狡诈的；有手腕的
If you describe someone as artful, you mean that they are clever and skilful at achieving what they want, especially by deceiving people.
例：...the smiles and artifices of a subtle artful woman...阴险狡诈的女子的笑里藏刀
例：Some politicians have realised that there are more artful ways of subduing people than shooting or jailing them.一些政客已经意识到有比枪和监狱更高明的使民众屈服的方法。
ADJ-GRADED
精巧的;巧妙的
If you use artful to describe the way someone has done or arranged something, you approve of it because it is clever or elegant.
例：There is also an artful contrast of shapes...形状的对比也很巧妙。
例：Despite some artful editing, the anthology is a weak one.除了编辑上的一些巧妙之处，这本选集乏善可陈。
adv. 巧妙地；狡诈地
 - skillfully, tactfully

Word: campaigner
Front: campaigner
[kæmˈpeɪnə(r)] (16672/6701)
Back: n. 从军者，出征者; 竞选者; 老兵
分布：从军者(45%)，出征者(37%)，社会运动人士(18%)
US [-nɚ] noun countable
■a person who takes part in organized activities which are intended to change something in society 运动参加者；运动倡导者；活动家
• an animal rights campaigner 动物权益运动的支持者
• She's a campaigner for Friends of the Earth. 她是地球之友运动的参加者。
n. 竞选者；从军者；出征者；老兵
 - veteran, warhorse

Word: provenance
Front: provenance
[ˈprɒvənəns] (宝 16671/15786)
Vocabulary: provenance
(once / 23085 pages)
n
Where something comes from is its provenance. If a style of music originated in the capital of Rhode Island, you could say that its provenance was Providence.
Some items of foreign provenance are taxed more heavily than domestic products. If you claim that an artwork put up for sale was stolen from your family's art collection, an investigation may be ordered to resolve issues of provenance. In this case, provenance refers to who has the legal right to the specific work of art, or to whom it belongs.
WORD FAMILY
provenance: provenances
USAGE EXAMPLES
Britain’s best-paid brokers and lawyers are here to help — and will ask no awkward questions about the provenance of their clients’ cash.
New York Times(Dec 29, 2016)
This approach “provides comfort to customers about the provenance and the ethical nature of the cobalt used in the materials they source.”
Washington Post(Dec 20, 2016)
The ultimate provenance of content, and the algorithms that decide what we see and don’t see, lack this clarity.
The Guardian(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: n. 起源，出处
分布：出处(52%)，起源(48%)
→pro-,向前，-ven,到来，词源同venue,advent.引申词义起源，出处。
【记】pro前，ven＝vent来，ance－前面来得东西－起源
US ['prɑ:.vən-] formal
noun [S or U]
■the place of origin of something 起源；出处
• jewels of uncertain provenance 来历不明的珠宝
• This raised doubts about the provenance of the painting. 这引起了人们对这幅画来历的怀疑。
• I don't need to see a label to identify the provenance of a garment that someone is wearing. 我不用看商标就能认出别人穿的衣服是哪里制造的。
n. 出处，起源
 - origin, birth

Word: supercomputer
Front: supercomputer
[ˈsu:pəkəmpju:tə(r)] (16832/17880 -1)
Back: n. 超级计算机，巨型计算机
分布：巨型电子计算机(100%)
N-COUNT
超级计算机
A supercomputer is a powerful computer that can process large amounts of data very quickly.

Word: dialectical
Front: dialectical
[ˌdaɪə'lektɪkl] (16715/16831)
Vocabulary: dialectical
(once / 13104 pages)
adj
Dialectical describes how someone goes about finding the truth. If you're an investigative journalist, you probably use dialectical reasoning.
You might think dialectical refers to how people speak in a certain region or in a specific group, such as a regional accent. That version of dialect comes from the Greek word dialektos, meaning "discourse, way of speaking." But dialectical instead comes from the French word dialecte, meaning "denoting the art of investigating the truth of opinions." It has to do with a method of reasoning used to determine the truth.
WORD FAMILY
dialectic: dialectical, dialectically, dialectician, dialectics+/dialectician: dialecticians
USAGE EXAMPLES
Being a peer mentor with the dialectical behavioral therapy program at Valeo was an especially meaningful step since Silverberg completed the program herself.
Washington Times(Nov 04, 2016)
As does his firm belief in the dialectical process.
The New Yorker(Oct 19, 2016)
This last turn of the dialectical wheel is the most fraught.
Washington Post(Sep 30, 2016)
Back: adj. 方言的，辩证的
分布：辩证的(84%)，方言的(16%)
ADJ
辩证的;辩证法的
In philosophy, dialectical is used to describe situations, theories, and methods which depend on resolving opposing factors.
例：The essence of dialectical thought is division.辩证思维的核心就是二分法。

Word: gratuitous
Front: gratuitous
[grəˈtju:ɪtəs] (托宝 16720/18672 -1)
Vocabulary: gratuitous
(once / 1915 pages)
1adj 2adj
Gratuitous means "without cause" or "unnecessary." Telling ridiculous jokes at a somber occasion would be a display of gratuitous humor.
Gratuitous can be used to refer to something that’s unnecessary and mildly annoying. If a friend frequently gives you fashion tips, even though you’ve expressed no interest in receiving them, you’d be correct in labeling her advice as gratuitous. In addition, gratuitous can be used to indicate that something is not only unnecessary but also inappropriate. Some people claim that some films and video games contain gratuitous violence — that is, violence that is excessive and offensive.
WORD FAMILY
gratuitous: gratuitously+/ gratuity: gratuities, gratuitous
USAGE EXAMPLES
The Intro: Yes, the producers managed to fit in a gratuitous shot of Nick in the shower.
Time(Jan 02, 2017)
The article was light in its journalistic qualities and the "quirky" use of the comedians for the photos seemed gratuitous.
New York Times(Mar 27, 2013)
This gratuitous publication will horrify many, inspire a few, and, by a small but perceptible increment, further desensitize the rest of us.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 免费的，无偿的; 无必要的; 无故的，无理由的
分布：免费的(51%)，无缘无故的(34%)，无必要的(15%)
→来自词根grat, 感谢，词源同grace, gratitude. 原指表达感谢，报答，免费给予。后词义贬义化，指无缘无故的，莫名其妙的。比较汉语无功不受禄。
无缘无故的;免费的(来自gratuity赏钱,给小费可多可少,所以"无缘无故的")[grat,gree=pleasing,表示"感激,高兴"]
【记】源于gratuity（n 赠物；小费，赏钱）；grat高兴，uity－表示高兴的小费，付小费不是义务，所以gratuitous有“无根据的，无理由的”之意小费付多少是没有根据的
【反】merited（adj 应得的）；warranted＝justified（adj 有正当理由的）
US [-'tu:.ə.tˌəs] disapproving
adjective
■(of something such as bad behaviour) not necessary; with no cause （不良行为等）不必要的；无谓的，无理由的
• A lot of viewers complained that there was too much gratuitous sex and violence in the film. 很多观众抱怨说影片中有太多无谓的色情和暴力镜头。
adj. 无理由的，无端的；免费的
 - free, groundless

Word: gusto
Front: gusto
[ˈgʌstəʊ] (宝 16728/18993)
Vocabulary: gusto
(once / 3549 pages)
n
You can do many things with gusto, or hearty enthusiasm, whether it's eating a steak, playing table tennis, or cheering on your favorite team. Some people live their whole lives with gusto.
Since the seventeenth century gusto has been helping English speakers describe things that are done with vigor and enthusiasm. Gusto is Italian for “taste,” and its Italian origins are evident both in its spelling, with its “o” ending, and its sense of “a taste for life." Use this word to describe vigorous activities — you probably wouldn’t "take a nap with gusto," even if you really enjoy napping. You're more likely to score goals and dance the Macarena with gusto.
WORD FAMILY
gusto: gustos
USAGE EXAMPLES
A red squirrel sat in the feeder, chewing with gusto.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
They also embraced the hedonistic rock lifestyle with gusto.
BBC(Dec 24, 2016)
Khaled tends to his garden, but with the gusto of an eccentric madman.
The New Yorker(Dec 15, 2016)
Back: n. 热情，乐趣，津津有味
分布：嗜好(44%)，爱好(32%)，由衷的高兴(24%)
→来自geus, 选择，品尝，词源同choose, gustatory, disgust. 原指有选择的品尝，风味，后词义外延至尝试，热情，兴致。
嗜好(gust趣味,爱好)[-o 1.表名词"人,物或状态"2.表名词,用于音乐术语]
US [-toʊ] noun uncountable
■great energy, enthusiasm and enjoyment that is experienced by someone taking part in an activity, especially a performance （尤指对参加表演的）兴致勃勃，热情
• Everyone joined in the singing with great gusto. 每个人都兴致勃勃地加入到合唱中。
n. 爱好；由衷的高兴；嗜好
 - interest, weakness, habit, like, bent

Word: humanistic
Front: humanistic
[ˌhju:mə'nɪstɪk] (托 16807/24365)
Vocabulary: humanistic
(once / 12287 pages)
1adj 2adj
Humanistic philosophy and values reflect a belief in human dignity and science — but not religion.
A humanistic philosophy refers to a few specific ideas. For one thing, humanistic thinkers aren't religious; they don't believe in a god or gods. Humanists are more concerned with life on Earth and what we can see and hear. Also, humanistic thinkers believe in science as a way people can achieve their greatest potential. Humanistic ideas place great importance on thinking and reason as ways people can be fulfilled. This philosophy is called humanism.
WORD FAMILY
humanistic: humanistically+/dehumanise: dehumanisation, dehumanised, dehumanising/dehumanize: dehumanization, dehumanized, dehumanizes, dehumanizing/ human: humanise, humanism, humanity, humanize, humanlike, humanly, humanness, humans, inhuman, nonhuman, subhuman, superhuman, unhuman/humanise: dehumanise, humanisation, humanised, humanises, humanising/ humanism: humanist, humanistic / humanist: humanists/ humanitarian: humanitarianism, humanitarians/ humanity: humanitarian, humanities / humanize: dehumanize, humanization, humanized, humanizes, humanizing/ inhuman: inhumanity, inhumanly/inhumanity: inhumanities/superhuman: superhumanly/unhuman: unhumanly
USAGE EXAMPLES
If one occasionally missed a closer focus on detail, the score’s profoundly humanistic message was handsomely conveyed.
Washington Post(Nov 20, 2016)
Nichols, responsible for “Mud,” “Take Shelter” and the underappreciated humanistic science fiction epic “Midnight Special,” has gone in a different, more historical direction here.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 03, 2016)
“We are deeply committed to accuracy in a humanistic philosophical pursuit of the truth.”
New York Times(Oct 28, 2016)
Back: adj. 人文主义的
分布：人文主义的(41%)，人道主义的(33%)，人本主义的(26%)
人道主义的(human人类)[-istic表形容词,由-ist+ic构成,表示"…的"]
ADJ
人本主义的;人文主义的
A humanistic idea, condition, or practice relates to humanism.
例：Religious values can often differ greatly from humanistic morals.宗教价值观常常和人本主义道德观相去甚远。

Word: wheelbarrow
Front: wheelbarrow
[ˈwi:lbærəʊ] (16826/15913)
Back: n. 独轮手推车
时态：wheelbarrowed, wheelbarrowing, wheelbarrows
分布：独轮手推车(100%)
US [-ˌber.oʊ] (also barrow)
noun countable
■a large open container for moving things in, which has a wheel at the front and two handles at the back, used especially in the garden （尤指花园中的）手推车，独轮车

Word: elapse
Front: elapse
[ɪˈlæps] (研六托雅 16721/9627 -1)
Vocabulary: elapse
(once / 557 pages)
v
When time passes by, you say it elapses. Four years elapse while you are in high school. Nine months elapse while you are in the womb.
If two weeks have elapsed between your tennis lessons, there has been a two-week lapse between sessions. The word elapse comes from the Latin word elabi which means "to slip away." Time is one of those things that really does tend to slip away, unless you're sitting through a lecture on the nature of time. Then, it might feel like years elapse when really it is just a few minutes.
WORD FAMILY
elapse: elapsed, elapses, elapsing
USAGE EXAMPLES
In Girmay's case, a year elapsed between his first intake interview and a second, more probing one that decided the outcome of his asylum request.
Reuters(Dec 30, 2016)
About five seconds elapse between the door knock and the shot fired.
Seattle Times(Dec 28, 2016)
About four hours elapsed between the mass shooting and the deaths of Farook and Malik.
Washington Post(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: vi. 消逝; 时间过去
n. （时间的）消逝
时态：elapsed, elapsing, elapses
分布：逝去(62%)，过去(38%)
→e-, 向外。lapse, 滑落。
(时光)流逝(e出+lapse→滑出去→时光流出)[laps=slip,表示"滑,滑走"]
vi．(时间)溜走;(光阴)逝去With time elapsing, the flaps collapse up on his clapper's lap.随着时间流逝,袋盖在拍手者的膝上堆叠起来.
【记】e出，lapse（n 流逝）
【区】eclipse（n 日, 月蚀；名声衰落）
[ɪ'læps] formal
verb intransitive
■If time elapses, it goes past （时间）流逝，过去
• Four years had elapsed since he left college and still he hadn't found a job. 他大学毕业都四年了，但还没有找到工作。
elapse, pass
这组词都有“过去，消逝”的意思，其区别是：
elapse: 书面用词，指时间等不知不觉地逝去，含义比pass窄，常常侧重从某一特定时间到另一特定时间的过去。
pass: 最普通常用词，指岁月的流逝，某些自然现象或事情的过去。侧重其结果。
vi. 消逝；时间过去
 - ebb away
n. 流逝；时间的过去
 - passing, effluxion

Word: pique
Front: pique
[pi:k] (托宝 16736/23029)
Vocabulary: pique
(once / 1591 pages)
1nv 2n
The verb pique means to make someone angry or annoyed. But when something piques your interest or curiosity, here the verb pique just means to arouse, stimulate, or excite.
Both the noun and verb are pronounced "pēk" and were borrowed from a French word meaning "a prick, irritation," from Old French, from piquer "to prick." So you can see how something that pricks you could make you both excited and angry. But it's frustrating––enough to make you want to storm away from learning vocab. That storming away, by the by, might be called a "fit of pique."
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
peak / peek / pique
Let's look at three homophones: peak, peek, and pique. Peak is a topmost point, such as a mountain peak, or to reach that point:
We're sort of at peak demand right now.
A peek is a glance or a quick look, like you do with the unwrapped Christmas presents at the bottom of your loved one's closet. It can also mean to glance or to peer at. It's frequently paired with sneak, which can lead you to use the incorrect peak:
Residents take a peek at bike and pedestrian safety plans
Yellowstone Offers Sneak Peek Of New Visitor Center
Finally, pique is to upset or excite someone. You will sometimes see peek one's interest for pique one's interest, but don't be fooled. If you're piquing someone's interest, you are exciting their interest not taking a quick look at it:
If that doesn't pique your interest, you can leave (but I'm keeping your shoes).
Here's your mnemonic device:
- You have to reach to gain the peak.
- If you peer at something, you are peeking.
- And if you're piqued about something, there's usually a question in your mind about it.
WORD FAMILY
pique: piqued, piques, piquing
USAGE EXAMPLES
But what most art historians failed to pay attention to is the meal being prepared, and that’s where our interest is piqued.
Salon(Jan 01, 2017)
With that crucial caveat, here are few comedic things piquing our interest in the new year.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
It defines this President’s extraordinary ability to transform matters of public policy into personal pique at adversaries.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: v. 使愤恨; 使恼怒
n. 怨恨; 愤恨; 恼怒; 凸纹坚挺布料
时态：piqued, piquing, piques
分布：生气(37%)，愤怒(32%)，激怒(19%)，产生(6%)，伤害 ... 自尊心(6%)
→来自法语piquer,刺，叮，咬，词源同pike,peak.引申词义刺激，使恼怒，使怨恨。
【记】piqu刺－刺激得愤怒pi屁股，que缺：屁股缺了一块－生气
【反】mollify（v 平息；抚慰）
noun uncountable
■a feeling of anger, especially caused by damage to your feeling of being proud of yourself （尤指因自尊心受损而产生的）不悦，生气
• He stormed from the room in a fit of pique, shouting that he had been misunderstood. 他怒气冲冲地冲出房间，大嚷着他被误解了。
vt. 刺激；伤害…自尊心；激怒
 - stimulate, fan, anger, motivate, needle
n. 生气；愠怒；呕气
 - vitality, animation, pet

Word: one-room

Word: treasured
Front: treasured
[ˈtreʒəd] (16741/19326)
Back: adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
v. 重视( treasure的过去式和过去分词 ); 珍惜; 珍视; 珍爱
分布：财富(48%)，珍视(19%)，宝物(18%)，珍藏(15%)
N-UNCOUNT
金银财宝
Treasure is a collection of valuable old objects such as gold coins and jewels that has been hidden or lost.
例：It was here, the buried treasure, she knew it was.就在这里，那些埋藏在地下的财宝，她知道就在这里。
N-COUNT
珍品，珍宝(尤指艺术品和文物)
Treasures are valuable objects, especially works of art and items of historical value.
例：The house was large and full of art treasures.房子很大，里面摆满了艺术珍品。
VERB
珍藏;珍视;珍爱
If you treasure something that you have, you keep it or care for it carefully because it gives you great pleasure and you think it is very special.
例：She treasures her memories of those joyous days.她珍视那段快乐时光的记忆。
N-COUNT
得力助手;好帮手
If you say that someone is a treasure, you mean that they are very helpful and useful to you.
例：Charlie? Oh, he's a treasure, loves children.查理？噢，他是个不可多得的好帮手，非常喜欢孩子。

Word: crosstalk
Front: crosstalk
[ˈkrɒstɔ:k] (14765/-)
Back: n. 电信频道之间的串话干扰; 相声
分布：相声(83%)，交调失真(10%)，顶嘴(7%)

Word: impressionist

Word: sporadically
Front: sporadically
[spə'rædɪklɪ] (托 16744/21179)
Vocabulary: sporadically
(once / 14223 pages)
adv
Something that happens sporadically doesn't occur with regularity, but rather periodically or occasionally. You might meet sporadically with your cousins, usually on minor holidays like Memorial Day or Flag Day.
Sporadically comes from the Greek word sporadikos, meaning scattered, with the root word spora, which means sowing. Imagine sowing seed by scattering it, and you'll get the hit-or-miss sense of sporadically. There is no pattern to the frequency of an event that occurs sporadically. Working sporadically is hard because you lack a steady income and never know when you'll be busy, but traveling sporadically can be fun.
WORD FAMILY
sporadic: sporadically
USAGE EXAMPLES
Typically the working men’s club, the library and the church will be closed, or open only sporadically.
Economist(Dec 20, 2016)
Sporadically but memorably, in chilling capers of tunnels and balloons and secret compartments, Easterners found ways across.
The New Yorker(Dec 11, 2016)
Violence has broken out sporadically since the election.
Economist(Dec 01, 2016)
Back: adv. 偶发地，零星地
分布：零星地(50%)，偶发地(50%)
ADJ-GRADED
间断发生的;零星的
Sporadic occurrences of something happen at irregular intervals.
例：...a year of sporadic fighting over northern France...法国北部发生零星战斗的一年
例：The sound of sporadic shooting could still be heard.仍能听见零星的枪声。
adv. 零星地；偶发地
 - contingently, adventitiously

Word: dollop
Front: dollop
[ˈdɒləp] (16683/19947)
Vocabulary: dollop
(once / 12110 pages)
n
A dollop is a small, indefinite amount of something. People often ask for dollops of food.
English has many words for amounts of something that aren't exact. For example, a load is a lot of something, but a dollop is a little. If you're watching your weight, you may only want a dollop of dressing on your salad. Most people use a dollop of shampoo when washing their hair. You can't measure a dollop, but it's should be a fairly small amount. If you use a whole bottle of ketchup, that's far more than a dollop.
WORD FAMILY
dollop: dollops
USAGE EXAMPLES
To serve, dollop the custard into cups and serve with lightly sweetened whipped cream and topped with a sprinkling of finely ground espresso.
Los Angeles Times(Dec 29, 2016)
It is that dollop of wisdom that elevates Austen from a simple comedy of manners.
New York Times(Dec 23, 2016)
Her signature item is the best-selling oatmeal marshmallow cookie — soft oatmeal cookies sandwiching a generous dollop of fluff.
New York Times(Dec 22, 2016)
Back: n. 块，团
分布：一团(62%)，一些(38%)
→词源不详。
US ['dɑ:.ləp] noun countable
■a small amount of something soft, especially food （尤指食物的）一小团，一小块
• a dollop of ice cream/whipped cream 一小团雪糕／打发过的鲜奶油
n. 团，块
 - mass, piece, block

Word: echelon
Front: echelon
[ˈeʃəlɒn] (16723/14534 -1)
Vocabulary: echelon
(once / 9555 pages)
1n 2n 3n
An echelon is a stepped formation with objects arranged in a diagonal. Birds flying in a V shape create echelons so that they can draft behind each other and conserve energy — except for the guy up front, who’s super tired.
Echelon patterns are often used by the military, with rows of tanks, troops, or aircraft arranged behind and to the left or behind and to the right of the row ahead. Echelon can also refer to a particular level or rank in a group or society. If you win the Olympics, you’ve reached the upper echelon of athletics. If you win a hot dog eating contest . . . Well, you reached a pretty low echelon of athletics.
WORD FAMILY
echelon: echelons
USAGE EXAMPLES
Many Israeli women see combat roles as a springboard to the top echelons of the military, politics and the corporate world.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 28, 2016)
“To be anywhere in that top echelon of players is incredible,” Messier said.
Washington Times(Dec 15, 2016)
Intelligence and diplomatic sources say he tried to compromise the results but the top echelons of the army warned him against it.
BBC(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. （机构中的）等级，阶层（机构中的）等级，阶层; 梯形，梯形编队
vi. &vt. 排成梯队
分布：梯队(58%)，阶层(18%)，梯次编队(12%)，职权的等级(6%)，排成梯形(6%)
→来自法语echelon, 来自古法语eschelon, 来自拉丁语scala，梯子，词源同ascend, escalate. 其拼写变化参照check.
【记】e出，che车，lon＝long：出一队长长的车，可能是小克同志来了。在车队的前方有摩托车护卫队，他们的形状就是梯形的。
US [-lɑ:n] noun countable
■a particular level or group of people within an organization such as an army or company （军队、企业等组织的）等级，阶层，某一等级（或阶层）的所有人
• These salary increases will affect only the highest echelons of local government. 这些加薪措施仅仅会影响到当地政府的最高层。
• the upper echelons of society 社会上层
specialized
■a special arrangement of soldiers, aircraft or ships （士兵、飞机或船只的）梯形编队，梯队
n. 梯形；梯次编队；梯阵；阶层
 - degree, layer, strata

Word: adoring
Front: adoring
[əˈdɔ:rɪŋ] (16745/21167)
Back: adj. 崇拜的; 敬慕的; 爱慕的
v. 爱慕(adore的现在分词); 崇拜
分布：崇拜的(55%)，敬慕的(38%)，动词adore的现在分词形式.(7%)
adjective
■showing very strong love for someone 爱慕的；热爱的；倾慕的
• I refuse to play the part of the adoring wife. 我拒绝饰演那个对丈夫倾心敬慕的妻子的角色。
adj. 崇拜的；敬慕的
 - worshipful

Word: astray
Front: astray
[əˈstreɪ] (宝 16756/14149 -1)
Vocabulary: astray
(once / 1080 pages)
adv
If you go astray, you lose the path. If you went to college intending to become a doctor, but instead became interested in making violent video games, your parents might feel you have gone astray.
A stray animal is one that has gotten loose, and the adverb astray comes from this sense of wandering off from the proper place, even though it's not just for animals. If you go astray, you lose the right way, or are out of place. It can be a moral judgment: juvenile delinquents are kids who have gone astray. But it can also refer to small details. If you dress impeccably, you make sure that no thread is astray.
WORD FAMILY
astray
USAGE EXAMPLES
He coaches his student in a muted drone, occasionally correcting the wheel when his pupil goes astray.
Los Angeles Times(Nov 28, 2016)
The disaster of the 2016 election forecasts is not dissimilar, with a series of mistakes building upon one another to lead prognosticators astray.
Washington Post(Nov 23, 2016)
Some economists, however, argue that new methods also bring new dangers; rather than pushing economics forward, crazes can lead it astray, especially in their infancy.
Economist(Nov 24, 2016)
Back: adv. 迷路地; 堕落，误入歧途地
adj. 离开正轨的; 迷路的
分布：迷途地(44%)，迷途的(28%)，误入歧途的(28%)
→来自短语on stray.
【记】stray（v 迷路；adj 迷路的）
adverb
■away from the correct path or correct way of doing something 偏离正轨；迷路；离开正道；误入歧途
• The letter must have gone astray in the post. 这封信一定是在邮递过程中丢失了。
• I was led astray by an out-of-date map. 我因一张旧地图而迷路。
• Her parents worried that she might be led astray (= encouraged to behave badly) by her unsuitable friends. 她父母担心她会因为交友不当而走上歪路。
adj. 迷路的；离开正道的；不对头的
 - stray

Word: goad
Front: goad
[gəʊd] (托雅宝 16733/16201 -1)
Vocabulary: goad
(once / 1610 pages)
vn
A goad is a pointy stick or other instrument used to prod something along. To goad is to poke something with that pointy stick. Either way, the pointiness is really essential for making things leap into action.
Originally spelled gad, meaning “spearhead,” goad first came into use as a verb in the 1570s. But say you left your pointy goading stick at home. Have no fear! You can goad people with words, too. Literally or figuratively, a goad prods and pokes and provokes people into doing something. A sheep herder might hustle his flock along with a goad, just as your mom's constant nagging and goading might finally get you sit up straight at the dinner table.
WORD FAMILY
goad: goaded, goading, goads+/goading: goadings
USAGE EXAMPLES
Pepe became a self-perpetuating whirlwind, as, goaded by media reports, trolls created new images adorned with symbols of antisemitism and white supremacy.
The Guardian(Dec 30, 2016)
National newspapers said the prison officers allegedly goaded Muslim inmates until they needed to be restrained as part of a racist game.
BBC(Dec 21, 2016)
Mr. Duterte told business leaders at a meeting in Manila, explaining how he goaded police officers to gun down suspects.
New York Times(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 赶牲口的尖棒; 激励; 刺激
vt. 刺激; 激励; （用尖棒）驱赶; 驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人
时态：goaded, goading, goads
分布：刺激(45%)，激励(19%)，驱使(15%)，刺激物(11%)，刺棒(7%)，激励物(3%)
→来自ghei, 刺，刺激，词源同gar, goad.
【记】goad你达成goal（n 进球；目标）
【反】curb（n /v 路边；抑制）；lull（使平静）；check（n /v 阻止）
US [goʊd] verb transitive
■to make a person or an animal react or do something by continuously annoying or upsetting them （不停地）招惹，激怒；刺激；驱使
• Will the pressure applied by environmentalists be enough to goad the industrialized nations into using less fossil fuels? 环保主义者们施加的压力能使工业化国家减少矿物燃料的消耗量么？
• He refused to be goaded by their insults. 他对他们的侮辱不屑一顾。
• The team were goaded on by their desire to be first to complete the course. 这个队想要第一个完成航行，这激励着他们不停地努力。
• A group of children were goading (= laughing at or pushing) another child in the school playground. 一群小朋友正在学校操场上嘲弄推撞另外一个孩子。
n. 刺激；（赶牲口用的）刺棒；激励
 - stimulus, incentive, animation, excitement, needle
vt. 刺激；激励；用刺棒驱赶；煽动
 - stimulate, fan, power, egg, motivate

Word: empathize
Front: empathize
[ˈempəθaɪz] (16751/34570)
Vocabulary: empathize
(once / 43614 pages)
v
To empathize is to understand or relate to someone else's emotional experience. If you get teary-eyed upon hearing about the death of your friend's pet hermit crab, you're probably empathizing with your friend — unless you're just bored to tears by her story.
Empathize is often used interchangeably with sympathize, but you'll get no empathy (or sympathy) from usage experts if you confuse the two. When you sympathize with another person, you feel sad that she is suffering, but you don't necessarily relate to her experience. It's easiest to empathize when you've been through a similar experience; for example, if your pet guppy had recently passed away, your friend's hermit crab story would have broken your heart due to empathy.
WORD FAMILY
empathize: empathized, empathizes, empathizing+/ empathetic: empathetically/ empathy: empathetic, empathies, empathise, empathize
USAGE EXAMPLES
Eastern Kentuckians tend to empathize with coal mine owners and excuse the unchecked abuse they receive.
Salon(Dec 31, 2016)
This skill is thought to be essential to deceiving, empathizing, teaching, and perhaps even to using language.
Science Magazine(Dec 22, 2016)
“I’ve learned to empathize and care about people and think about other people besides myself,” she said.
Washington Post(Dec 21, 2016)
Back: v. 移情，神会
时态：empathized, empathizing, empathizes
分布：有同感(44%)，表同情(35%)，起共鸣(21%)
→来自empathy,同情，同感。
(UK usually empathise) ['em.pə.θaɪz] verb intransitive
■to be able to understand how someone else feels 表示同情；有同感，产生共鸣
• It's very easy to empathize with the characters in her books. 读者很容易和她书中的人物产生共鸣。
Compare sympathize

Word: robotics
Front: robotics
[rəʊˈbɒtɪks] (16853/42342)
Vocabulary: robotics
(once / 26681 pages)
n
Robotics is the study of robots, or machines that are designed to do certain jobs. If you're fascinated with robots, you might want to study robotics in college.
Robotics, the branch of science that studies the technology and uses of robots, involves various kinds of engineering and computer programming. While a robot is defined as a machine that can be programmed to do a job, many people interested in robotics (especially science fiction fans) think of them as a mechanical replacement for a human. Robotics comes from robot, from the Czech robotiti, "work or drudge."
WORD FAMILY
robotics
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kent’s center opened last March and is outfitted with robotics.
Seattle Times(Dec 30, 2016)
Police documents show Brown fired a pistol last month in Bay City Western High School’s robotics classroom while testing trigger pull.
Washington Times(Dec 29, 2016)
The three were also involved with a start-up robotics company that was developing controller chips and control system solutions.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Back: n. 机器人技术
分布：机器人学(100%)
→来自 robot,机器人，-ics,学问。
US [roʊ'bɑ:.tˌɪks] noun uncountable
■the science of making and using robots 机器人学；机器人技术

Word: re-enactment
Front: re-enactment
[reɪ enˈæktmənt] None
Back: n. 再次展现；再现；重现
分布：再制定(100%)
noun countable
■an occasion on which people re-enact an event （对事件的）再现，重现
• a re-enactment of the battle of Gettysburg 重现葛底斯堡战役

Word: withering
Front: withering
[ˈwɪðərɪŋ] (16739/19197)
Vocabulary: withering
(once / 1932 pages)
1nadj 2adj
Withering is the process of becoming weaker. You can watch the withering of a flower bouquet in water — over the days and weeks, the blossoms become droopy and faded.
You might talk about the withering of trees in a drought or the withering of people's bank accounts during an economic recession. Withering can also be used as an adjective, to describe something with a terrible, destructive strength, like a withering hurricane. It comes from the verb wither, to dry up or shrivel, from the Old English word wydderen, which is a variation on wederen, "to expose to the weather."
WORD FAMILY
withering: witheringly, witherings+/ wither: withered, withering, withers
USAGE EXAMPLES
Kerry was responding to withering Israeli criticism of the United States’ abstention from a vote condemning Israeli settlement construction.
Washington Times(Dec 28, 2016)
Mr. Pike was withering in his criticism of Mr. Perry’s ability to act as a knowledgeable counterweight to Mr. Trump.
New York Times(Dec 27, 2016)
Baldwin’s withering response, reminded Trump that after the election there is no equal time rule.
The Guardian(Dec 23, 2016)
Back: adj. 使人畏缩的，使人害羞的，使人难堪的
v. （使）枯萎， （使）干枯， （使）凋谢( wither的现在分词 ); 萎缩，（尤指渐渐）破灭，消失
分布：摧毁的(30%)，使畏缩的(28%)，干枯的(14%)，动词wither的现在分词形式.(14%)，毁灭的(14%)
US [-ɚ-] adjective
■A withering look/remark,etc. is one that is intended to make someone feel ashamed （目光、话语等）令人难堪的，尖刻的
• He said that Lizzie had been drunk at the time and I saw her shoot him a withering glance. 他说莉齐当时喝醉了，我看见她狠狠地瞪了他一眼。
■severe and extremely critical 严厉的；极为挑剔的
• He made a withering attack on government policy. 他严厉抨击政府的政策。
n. 枯萎；凋谢
 - blasting, fading
v. 使凋谢；干枯；减弱；摧毁（wither的现在分词）
 - annihilating

Word: etiology
Front: etiology
[ˌi:tɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] (16669/-)
Vocabulary: etiology
(once / 27811 pages)
n
If you figure out the etiology of your friend's incessant hiccups, she'll be incredibly grateful, because etiology means "the cause of a disease or condition."
The noun etiology is usually used by doctors and researchers who study disease and other medical topics. It means "origin" when you use it to describe illness or medical disorders, and it also refers to the study of the way things are caused. This second definition of etiology includes the study of disease, but you can use it to talk about the origins of anything at all.
WORD FAMILY
etiology: etiologic, etiological, etiologies, etiologist+/etiologic: etiologically
USAGE EXAMPLES
“You can’t help but think that better understanding of the biology and etiology of cancer will yield better treatments,” he says.
Wall Street Journal(May 17, 2016)
Or maybe I’m being just as eager as my patients in grasping for any etiology for their cancer other than “dumb luck.”
New York Times(Apr 21, 2016)
These relationships confirm the genetic etiology of scoliosis.
US News(Mar 17, 2016)
Back: n. 病因学，病源论
分布：病源论(100%)
→来自希腊语aitia, 原因。-logy, 学说。
US [-'ɑ:.lə-] noun uncountable
■the scientific study of the cause of diseases 病源学；病因学
n. [基医] [病理] 病因学；病原学；致病源
 - aetiology, nosetiology

Word: restate
Front: restate
[ˌri:ˈsteɪt] (16704/15043 -1)
Vocabulary: restate
(once / 5949 pages)
v
When you say something again, you restate it. If you give a speech, you might decide to express your main idea at the beginning and then restate it a second time, near the end.
Often when you restate something, you say it in a slightly different, perhaps clearer way, with the intention of really getting your point across. A teacher might sweetly ask her class to come in from recess, and then restate her request five minutes later by saying, "If you aren't inside when I count to 30, there will be no recess tomorrow!" The verb restate combines the prefix re-, "again" in Latin, and state.
WORD FAMILY
restate: restated, restatement, restates, restating+/ interstate: interstates/misstate: misstated, misstatement, misstates, misstating/misstatement: misstatements/ overstate: overstated, overstatement, overstates, overstating/overstatement: overstatements/restatement: restatements/ state: interstate, intrastate, misstate, overstate, restate, stated, stateless, statement, stater, states, stating, understate /stated: statedly, unstated/ statement: statements/stater: staters/ understate: understated, understatement, understates, understating/understated: understatedly/ understatement: understatements
USAGE EXAMPLES
ComScore’s chief executive, chief financial officer and chairman were all forced to resign, and the company will restate three years of financial results.
Wall Street Journal(Dec 29, 2016)
The United Nations, the Arab League, the European Union, Russia and the United States routinely restate their commitment to the concept.
BBC(Dec 28, 2016)
It was a position that was restated by his successor, Liz Truss.
BBC(Dec 26, 2016)
Back: vt. 重申; 再次声明
时态：restated, restating, restates
分布：重申(74%)，重述(26%)
→re-,再，重新，state,陈述。
【记】re再，state（v 声明；陈述）
verb transitive
■to say something again or in a different way 重述，重申；（换种方法）重新表述
• He restated his belief that the sanctions need more time to work. 他重申，他相信制裁需要更长的时间才能产生效果。
vt. 重申；重新叙述；重讲
 - reiterate, ingeminate

Word: capitalization
Front: capitalization
[ˌkæpɪtəlaɪ'zeɪʃn] (16857/36224)
Vocabulary: capitalization
(once / 6393 pages)
1n 2n 3n 4n
Capitalization means using capital, or upper-case, letters. Capitalization of place names, family names, and days of the week are all standard in English.
Using capital letters at the start of a sentence and capitalizing all the letters in a word for emphasis are both examples of capitalization. Capitalization also means the act of gaining an advantage from some opportunity: "Her capitalization of the voters' frustration made it much easier for her to win the election." The earliest meaning, however, was purely financial, from the sense of capitalize that means "convert financial assets to capital."
WORD FAMILY
capitalization: capitalizations+/ capital: capitalise, capitalism, capitalize, capitally, capitals/capitalisation: capitalisations, overcapitalisation/capitalise: capitalisation, capitalised, capitalising, overcapitalise/ capitalism: capitalist, capitalistic/ capitalist: capitalists/capitalistic: capitalistically/ capitalize: capitalization, capitalized, capitalizes, capitalizing, overcapitalize/overcapitalise: overcapitalising/overcapitalize: overcapitalization, overcapitalized
USAGE EXAMPLES
Four of the five largest tech companies by market capitalization did not announce any giant deals in 2016.
New York Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Merging the companies would create a giant with more than $30 billion in annual revenue and a market capitalization of more than $60 billion.
New York Times(Dec 20, 2016)
With a market capitalization of $13.85 billion, Twitter is smaller than Facebook and Amazon, companies that were included in the meeting in New York.
Reuters(Dec 14, 2016)
Back: n. 资本化
分布：资本化(97%)，大写字母的使用(3%)
US [-tˌəl-] noun
MONEY 资金
[S or U]
■the total value of a company's shares on a stock exchange （公司在股票市场上的）资本总额，股本
(UK usually capitalisation) UK [ˌkæp.ɪ.təl.aɪ'zeɪ.ʃən] US [-tˌəl-] noun
LETTER 字母
uncountable
■the use of capital letters 大写的使用

Word: chairperson
Front: chairperson
[ˈtʃeəpɜ:sn] (16812/15879)
Back: n. 主席
分布：主席(79%)，董事长(13%)，议长(8%)
N-COUNT
(会议、委员会等的)主席，会长
The chairperson of a meeting, committee, or organization is the person in charge of it.
例：She's the chairperson of the safety committee.她是安全委员会的主席。
n. 主席；议长
 - presider, prolocutor

Word: sensing
Front: sensing
[sensɪŋ] (16851/16737)
Back: n. 感觉; 读出; 辨向; 指向
分布：感觉(81%)，敏感的(14%)，动词sense的现在分词形式.(5%)
N-COUNT
感觉官能(即视觉、嗅觉、听觉、触觉、味觉)
Your senses are the physical abilities of sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste.
例：She stared at him again, unable to believe the evidence of her senses.她再度盯着他看，无法相信自己的眼睛和耳朵。
例：...a keen sense of smell.灵敏的嗅觉
VERB
感觉到;觉察到;意识到
If you sense something, you become aware of it or you realize it, although it is not very obvious.
例：She probably sensed that I wasn't telling her the whole story...她可能意识到了我并没有对她全盘托出。
例：He looks about him, sensing danger...他四下看了看，感觉到有危险。
N-SING
感觉;意识
If you have a sense that something is the case, you think that it is the case, although you may not have firm, clear evidence for this belief.
例：Suddenly you got this sense that people were drawing themselves away from each other...突然间你就有这样一种感觉：人们正在彼此疏远。
例：There is no sense of urgency on either side.两边都没有紧迫感。
N-SING
(负罪或释然的)感觉
If you have a sense of guilt or relief, for example, you feel guilty or relieved.
例：When your child is struggling for life, you feel this overwhelming sense of guilt...当你的孩子在挣扎求生时，你会感到非常内疚。
例：Lulled into a false sense of security, we eagerly awaited their return.我们被一种虚假的安全感所麻痹，急切地等着他们回来。
N-SING
意识;观念
If you have a sense of something such as duty or justice, you are aware of it and believe it is important.
例：My sense of justice was offended...我的正义感被激了起来。
例：We must keep a sense of proportion about all this...我们对所有的这些都要有轻重缓急之分。
N-SING
天赋;悟性;资质
Someone who has a sense of timing or style has a natural ability with regard to timing or style. You can also say that someone has a bad sense of timing or style.
例：He has an impeccable sense of timing...他有着无可挑剔的节奏感。
例：Her dress sense is appalling.她穿衣打扮的品位实在糟透了。
N-UNCOUNT
理智;头脑;良好的判断力
Sense is the ability to make good judgments and to behave sensibly.
例：...when he was younger and had a bit more sense...在他年纪更轻一些而且还有点头脑的时候
例：When that doesn't work they sometimes have the sense to seek help...那种方法不奏效的时候，他们有时会想到要寻求帮助。
N-SING
好处;意义
If you say that there is no sense or little sense in doing something, you mean that it is not a sensible thing to do because nothing useful would be gained by doing it.
例：There's no sense in pretending this doesn't happen...假装这件事没有发生毫无意义。
例：There's little sense in trying to outspend a competitor with a much larger service factory.试图比竞争对手花更多的钱建一个大得多的维修厂没有什么意义。
N-COUNT
(词语、表达的)意思，含义，意义
A sense of a word or expression is one of its possible meanings.
例：...a noun which has two senses...有两个意思的名词
例：Then she remembered that they had no mind in any real sense of that word.然后她想起来他们对那个词的真正意思一无所知。
PHRASE
从某种意义上说/总的来说。
Sense is used in several expressions to indicate how true your statement is. For example, if you say that something is true in a sense, you mean that it is partly true, or true in one way. If you say that something is true in a general sense, you mean that it is true in a general way.
例：In a sense, both were right...从某种意义上来说，两者都对。
例：In one sense, the fact that few new commercial buildings can be financed does not matter...从某种意义上说，只有少数新建商业大厦可以融到资金的情况其实并不重要。
PHRASE
可以理解;讲得通
If something makes sense, you can understand it.
例：He was sitting there saying, 'Yes, the figures make sense.'他坐在那儿说：“是的，这些数字可以理解。”
例：It all makes sense now.现在就都讲得通了。
PHRASE
理解;弄懂
When you make sense of something, you succeed in understanding it.
例：Provided you didn't try to make sense of it, it sounded beautiful...只要不非得弄懂它的意思，它听上去还是很美的。
例：This is to help her to come to terms with her early upbringing and make sense of past experiences.这旨在帮助她认可自己早先所受的教育，并让她了解自己过去的经历。
PHRASE
(行为方式)有道理，合乎情理
If a course of action makes sense, it seems sensible.
例：It makes sense to look after yourself...自己应该照顾自己。
例：The project should be reappraised to see whether it made sound economic sense...该项目应重新评估，以确定其是否可以产生良好的经济效益。
PHRASE
恢复理性;清醒过来;醒悟过来
If you say that someone has come to their senses or has been brought to their senses, you mean that they have stopped being foolish and are being sensible again.
例：Eventually the world will come to its senses and get rid of them...最终这世界会清醒过来，将它们全部丢弃。
例：May her death bring these people to their senses.但愿她的死能让这些人醒悟。
PHRASE
发疯;失去理智;精神失常
If you say that someone seems to have taken leave of their senses, you mean that they have done or said something very foolish.
例：They looked at me as if I had taken leave of my senses.他们看着我，就像我已经疯了一样。
PHRASE
说得有理
If you say that someone talks sense, you mean that what they say is sensible.
PHRASE
认为;觉得
If you have a sense that something is true or get a sense that something is true, you think that it is true.
例：Do you have the sense that you are loved by the public?你认为自己深受民众喜爱吗？
例：I get a sense that people are feeling better about themselves.我觉得现在人们的自我感觉更好了。
to see sense
n. 传感；感觉；测知
 - consciousness, feel
adj. 敏感的
 - subtle, impressionable
v. 感觉，了解（sense的现在分词）
 - feeling, getting

Word: secretion
Front: secretion
[sɪˈkri:ʃn] (托雅 16813/5914)
Vocabulary: secretion
(once / 2151 pages)
n
A secretion is a substance made and released by a living thing, like when your skin sweats.
Secretions don't have to do with secrets, but with secreting: synthesizing and then producing a substance. A machine can't make a secretion — only living things can. Many secretions are harmless, while others are dangerous to other animals. For example, the secretions of some frogs are a type of poison. Some secretions stay within an animal, like the bile secreted by our livers. Saliva is another secretion. The word comes from the Latin root secretionem, "separation."
WORD FAMILY
secretion: hypersecretion, secretions+/ secrete: secreted, secretes, secreting, secretion, secretive, secretor/secretive: secretively, secretiveness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, poor balance, anorexia and aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 02, 2017)
Symptoms include fever, nasal secretions, trouble with balance and anorexia, as well as aborted pregnancies.
Washington Times(Jan 01, 2017)
Researchers at UT found crazy ants do this by smearing themselves in a secretion that neutralizes fire-ant venom, essentially rendering them invulnerable to it.
Seattle Times(Dec 08, 2016)
Back: n. [生]分泌; 分泌物; 藏匿，隐藏
分布：分泌(84%)，分泌物(15%)，藏匿(1%)
→来自拉丁语 secretionem,分开，分离，过去分词名词格于 secernere,分开，分离，来自 se-,分 开，cernere,分开，词源同 crisis,discern,critical.引申生理学词义分泌。
[sɪ'kri:.ʃən] specialized
noun countable or uncountable
■the process by which an animal or plant produces and releases a liquid, or the liquid produced 分泌（动物或植物产生和释放一种液体的过程）；分泌液（这种过程产生的液体）
• The excessive secretion of gastric juices in the gut causes ulcers. 胃中胃液分泌过多会导致胃溃疡。
• toxic secretions 有毒分泌物
n. [生理] 分泌；分泌物；藏匿；隐藏
 - excretion, concealment

Word: Malaysian
Front: Malaysian
[mə'leɪʒn] (16840/16469)
Back: adj. 马来西亚的；马来西亚人的
n. 马来西亚人（等于Malay）
分布：马来西亚的(54%)，马来西亚人(43%)，马亚群岛的(3%)
US [-ʒə] noun countable adjective
■Malaysian 马来西亚人／马来西亚的

Word: contemptuous
Front: contemptuous
[kənˈtemptʃuəs] (六托宝 16734/14671 -1)
Vocabulary: contemptuous
(once / 554 pages)
adj
If you insult someone or dismiss them in a hateful way, you're being contemptuous. The difference between being hateful and contemptuous is subtle. It involves disdain.
Being contemptuous of someone or something means that you're combining a deep dislike for them with condescension. To insult someone is a good way of showing contempt, i.e., of being contemptuous. "You disgust me," is one of the simplest and most contemptuous things you can say to someone. "You're stupid," is another. If you can think of something that both hurts a person and suggests that you're looking down on them, you've come up with a contemptuous thing to say.
CHOOSE YOUR WORDS
contemptible / contemptuous
Something contemptible is worthy of scorn, like the contemptible jerk who's mean to your sister; but contemptuous is full of it, like the contemptuous look you give that guy as he speeds away in his gas guzzler.
Both words turn contempt into an adjective. Contempt is a noun that describes the feeling that someone is beneath you or the state of being despised. (There's a legal meaning of contempt, but that's a question for another day!)
The -ible ending means "able to." Contemptible, then, means "able to be scorned, worthy of contempt." It refers to the person or thing the contempt is aimed at:
The contemptible crime of stealing a charity box resulted in a man being remanded in custody at Lerwick Sheriff Court today. (Shetland Times)
If familiarity truly breeds contempt, then money is the most contemptible thing in our lives. (Hamptons.com)
The educated classes are being swept along in the contemptible struggle for wealth. (Friedrich Nietzsche)
The –ous ending means "full of," so contemptuous means "full of contempt, showing scorn." It refers to the person or thing showing the scorn, like that contemptuous glare you gave that mean kid who dumped your sister, or in these examples:
Mr. Beck is, of course, free to be as contemptuous towards the president as he wants to be, but officers in the United States military are not. (Huffington Post)
Both men are now dismissive, even contemptuous, of each other's competence. (New York Times)
The reporter, gathering his wits, gave a contemptuous laugh. (Herman Landon)
Remember, then, if something is able to be scorned, it is contemptible. If someone or something is full of contempt, it is contemptuous. That contemptible thug made you feel contemptuous.
WORD FAMILY
contemptuous: contemptuously, contemptuousness+/ contempt: contempts, contemptuous
USAGE EXAMPLES
Under an administration hostile to women’s equality and contemptuous of modern political norms, the way we live will slowly start to change.
Slate(Dec 27, 2016)
“Yemen will be Saudi Arabia’s Vietnam,” says a contemptuous Iranian official.
Economist(Dec 08, 2016)
But contemptuous leaders and voters who are content with hand-waving and entertaining bluster undermine the democratic idea of rule by the people.
Nature(Nov 27, 2016)
Back: adj. 蔑视的，鄙视的
分布：轻蔑的(63%)，轻视的(26%)，瞧不起的(11%)
瞧不起人的(contempt+uous)[temn,tempt＝scorn,表示"藐视"]
adjective
■expressing contempt 轻蔑的，轻视的，鄙视的
• a contemptuous manner/laugh 轻蔑的态度／大笑
• He was very contemptuous of 'popular' writers, whom he described as having no talent. 他很看不起“当红”作家，认为他们缺少天赋。
adj. 轻蔑的；侮辱的
 - scornful, sniffish

Word: atonement
Front: atonement
[ə'təʊnmənt] (16716/22941)
Vocabulary: atonement
(once / 1415 pages)
n
When you apologize for doing something wrong, that’s an act of atonement. Many religions have rituals of atonement, such as Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, on which people of the Jewish faith repent for their sins.
As a religious act, atonement is an effort to make up for wrongdoings so you can be in harmony with a higher power. Look closely at the word: you can break it down to "at," "one," and "ment." Atonement first appears in English in the 1510s, when it meant "the condition of being at one (with others)." About ten years later, the word shows up with a meaning that included “being at one with God.”
WORD FAMILY
atonement: atonements+/ atone: atoned, atonement, atones, atoning
USAGE EXAMPLES
Some historians worry that Mr. Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
New York Times(Dec 24, 2016)
Some historians worry that Abe’s visit to Pearl Harbor will forestall broader atonement for Japan’s wartime aggression in Asia.
Seattle Times(Dec 24, 2016)
For Merkel, the “open door” was a grand moral gesture stemming from Germany’s ugly past – an act of historical atonement.
The Guardian(Dec 20, 2016)
Back: n. 弥补; 赎罪; （神与人的）调和; （常大写）（耶稣的苦难和死促成的）上帝与人的和好
分布：赎罪(88%)，弥补(8%)，和解(2%)，协调(2%)
N-UNCOUNT
赎罪；弥补；补偿
If you do something as an atonement for doing something wrong, you do it to show that you are sorry.
例：He's living in a monastery in a gesture of atonement for human rights abuses committed under his leadership...为了弥补自己当权时对人权的践踏，他以出家来谢罪。
例：True guilt is characterized by a readiness to make atonement for having done wrong.真正的内疚表现为愿意弥补所犯的过错。
n. 赎罪；补偿，弥补
 - compensation, satisfaction, offset

Word: precariously
Front: precariously
[prɪ'keərɪəslɪ] (16727/18629)
Vocabulary: precariously
(once / 11453 pages)
adv
If something is happening or positioned precariously, it's in danger. A glass could be precariously balanced on the edge of a table.
If something is on the verge of danger, then the word precariously fits. You're living precariously if you jump up and down on a lake that's not totally frozen. In your late teens, you're precariously close to the brink of adulthood. When you have one college class left, you're precariously close to having to find a job. Some people like living precariously: they enjoy danger. Other people just get stressed out and prefer to live carefully.
WORD FAMILY
precarious: precariously, precariousness
USAGE EXAMPLES
Brazil's prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
Reuters(Jan 02, 2017)
Brazil’s prison system is precariously overcrowded and conditions in many institutions are horrific.
The Guardian(Jan 02, 2017)
The men with logs balance jerkily, while an entire family wobbles precariously by on one bicycle.
New York Times(Dec 16, 2016)
Back: adv. 不安全地; 危险地; 碰机会地; 不稳定地
分布：危险地(67%)，不稳固地(33%)
US [-'ker.i-] adverb
■in a way that is likely to fall, be damaged, fail, etc 危险地；不牢靠地；不稳地
• Her suitcase was precariously balanced on the tiny luggage rack above her head. 她的手提箱放在头顶的小行李架上，摇摇晃晃的，很不安全。
• He lived rather precariously from one day to the next, never knowing where his next meal was coming from. 他日子过得很不稳定，过了今天不知道明天下一餐在哪里。
adv. 不安全地；不牢靠地
 - insecurely

Word: latte
Front: latte
[ˈlɑ:teɪ] (16833/-)
Vocabulary: latte
(once / 27360 pages)
n
A latte is a milky espresso drink you can order at most American cafes. Many lattes have delicate patterns or pictures drawn in the creamy foam on top.
The full name of a latte is "caffe latte," which means "milk coffee" in Italian. Other countries have variations on this idea, from France's "café au lait" to Germany's "Milchkaffee." While Caffè latte was used in Italy for milky coffee drinks made in people's homes, it wasn't found until very recently on cafe menus — the latte is more of an American invention. If you order a latte in Italy, in fact, what you'll get is a glass of milk.
WORD FAMILY
latte: lattes
USAGE EXAMPLES
Chamber was filed by two latte drinkers in California who said that the company’s standardized latte recipe results in cups that are “25 percent underfilled.”
Seattle Times(Dec 21, 2016)
It is candles, nubby woolens, shearling slippers, woven textiles, pastries, blond wood, sheepskin rugs, lattes with milk-foam hearts, and a warm fireplace.
The New Yorker(Dec 18, 2016)
Years later, I saw one of my customers in England and I was like, “No way! There’s double tall non-fat vanilla latte!”
The Guardian(Dec 02, 2016)
Back: n. 拿铁咖啡; （意大利语）牛奶
分布：拿铁咖啡(100%)
→来自法语，缩写自cafe latte,即牛奶咖啡，词源同lactate,泌乳，挤奶，字母c脱落。
US ['lɑ:.tˌeɪ] (also cafe latte)
noun countable or uncountable
■a hot drink made from espresso (= strong coffee) and milk 热牛奶咖啡；拿铁咖啡

Word: orbiter
Front: orbiter
[ˈɔ:bɪtə(r)] (16860/-)
Back: n. （尤指在轨道上运行的）轨道飞行器
分布：轨道飞行器(58%)，人造卫星(42%)
n. 人造卫星；盘旋物
 - Sputnik, artificial satellite